t0«IS e©UNM- F Hi a W 'f i /• 5T/'uaC ,o £P € < > f/^ / 375 Chapter XV. Martial History.— Roster of Officers and Soldiers, enlisted in the Civil War, and many other important facts connected therewith 375, 390 Chapter XVI. Newspapers of Pettis County 390, 396 HISTORY OF CITIES, TOWNS AND TOWNSHIPS. HISTORY OF SEDALIA, 399-757. Chapter I. Introduction, and Foundation op the City 399, 405 Chapter II. Chapter III. Chapter IV. Chapter V. Chapter VI. Chapter VII. Commercial and Business Interests 511. Chapter VIII. Churches 540, Chapter IX. Educational 572, Chapter X. Social Development 592, Chapter XI. The Present and the Future 602, HISTORY OF TOWNSHIPS. Chapter XII. Houstonia Township 757, 801 Chapter XIII. Blackwater Township 801, 835 Chapter XIV. Longwood Township 835, 856 Chapter XV. Heath's Creek Township .856, 880 Chapter XVI. Lamonte Township 880, 907 Chapter XVII. Dresden Township 907, 925 Chapter XVIII. Cedar Township 925, 946 Chapter XIX. Bowling Green Township 946, 963 Chapter XX. Elk Fork Township 963, 984 Chapte:: XXI. Prairie Township 984, 1001 Chapter XXII. Smithton Township 1001, 1036 Chapter XXIII. Green Ridge Township 1036, 1063 Chapter XXIV. Washington Township 1063, 1078 Chapter XXV. Flat Creek Township 1078,1097 Chapter XXVI. Lake Creek Township 1097, 1108 From 1860 to 1865 405, 434 Capture op Sedalia by the Confederates 434, 458 Sedalia after the War 458, 496 The City Government 496, 504 Public Enterprises , 504, 511 ' 540 572 592 602 604 ILLUSTRATIONS. Map of Pettis County 7 Post-Office, Kansas City 204 Baking Johnny Cake 215 School of Mines and Metallurgy 235 State University 325 United States Coat of Arms 341 State Agricultural College 347 Printing Press 396 Missouri Coat of Arms 398 J. M. Offleld's Block 423 J. M. Clute's Business House 431 Jay Gould Hotel 431 Residence of J. R. Barrett 447 Residence of S. T. Lupe 459 Residence of Cyrus Newkirk 475 Residence of Thos. B. Price 491 J. W. Truxel's Music House 495 Residence of Wra. Gentry 507 W. J. Bagby's Grocery Store 523 D. I. Holcomb's China Store 533 Baptist Church, East Sedalia 561 Residence of R. W. Gentry 575 Story's Block 579 Residence of John Montgomery, Jr. . . 581 Sedalia Business College 588 Bazoo Printing House 590 Democrat Office 591 Portrait— Thos. H. Benton 604 Kruse & Frederick's Block . .opposite 604 H. W. Wood's Block opposite 604 First Baptist Church opposite 605 Residence of J. D. Crawford 635 Residence of J. N. Dalby 639 Residence of J. C. Thompson 743 Residence of J. C. Higgins 819 Residence of J. G. Senior 826 Residence of Samuel Shanks '. 828 Residence Of J. L. Cartwright 867 Residence of Joshua Gentry 909 5TNT0K COUNTY MAP OF PETTIS COUNTY, MISSOURI. History of the State of Missouri. PART I.— HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL. INTRODUCTORY. When a book is written, it is presumed that the writer had some object in view and some end to achieve by his labor in collecting the material . and writing the book; and it is right that he should put himself on good terms with his readers at the outset by making a brief, but frank, and honest statement of his object, plan and purpose in the book which he offers to public patronage. The writer of this History of Missouri has aimed to embody in a brief space the greatest amount of solid and reliable information about things which directly hinge and center upon or within the territory of this State — this international commonwealth, which holds by right divine the royal prerogative of a destiny imperial and grand, if she can acquire or develop human brain and muscle adequate to utilize Wisely, honorably and energetically her magnificent natural resources, both of commercial position and of agricultural and mineral wealth. The writer's desire and effort has been to present nothing which would not be read with deep interest by every intelligent citizen of Missouri at the present time; and also stand as a permanent body of information, at once useful and reliable for future reference. Discussion of theories, problems or doubtful matters has been avoided; solid facts have been diligently sought after; and the narrative has been made to embody as many facts and events as possible without falling into the dry-bones method of mere statistical tables. In fact, the limit of space allotted him has compelled the writer to condense, epitomize, shorten up — and therefore continually to repress his desire to embellish the narrative with the graces of rhetoric and the glow of an exuberant and fervid enthusiasm. This, however, secures to the reader more facts within the same space. In preparing this work more than a hundred volumes have been con- sulted, to collate incidents and authenticate dates and facts, besides much matter gathered from original sources and not before embraced in any 1 10 HISTORY OF THF STATE OF MISSOURI. book. It is not presumed that there are no mistakes or errors of state- ment herein made ; but it is believed that there are fewer of such lapses than commonly occur with the same amount of data in similar works. The classification of topics is an attempt to give them a consecutive and consistent relative place and order in the book, for convenience of inci- dental reference or of selective reading. PRE-HISTORIC MISSOURI. THE MOUND-BUILDERS, Etc. Every State has a pre-historic history — that is, remains and relics are found which show that the land was inhabited by a race or races of men long before its discovery and occupation by a race sufficiently advanced in the arts of civilization to preserve a written record of their own observations and doings. It is now well established that every portion of the United States was inhabited by a race of men grouped under the general name of " Mound-builders," who preceded the modern hunter tribes called "Indians." It further appears, from all the evidence accumu- lated, that the Mound-builders were a race that made permanent settle- ments, and built earthworks of considerable extent for defense against enemies, both man and beast; also for sepulture, for religious rites, and for memorial art; it is also evident that they cultivated the soil to some extent, made rude textile fabrics and clay pottery, and wrought imple- ments of domestic use, ornaments, charms, toys, pipes, etc., and weapons of war and of the chase, from flint, porphyry, jasper, hornstone, granite, slate, and other varieties of rocks; also from horn, bone, shells, and other animal products; and from native copper. But they had no knowledge of iron, nor any art of smelting copper; they merely took small pieces of the native ore and hammered it cold with their stone tools until it took some rude shape of utility, and then they scoured and polished it to its utmost brilliancy; and it is altogether probable that these articles were only possessed by the chieftains or ruling families. Plates of mica are also found among their remains, with holes for suspension on cords around the neck or body; and lumps of galena or lead ore sometimes occur, but these must have been valued merely as trinkets or charms, because of their lustre. Remains of this people are found frequently both on the bluffs and bottom lands of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and, in many States, far inland, also. The first mention of such remains in Missouri is made by a U. S. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 11 exploring expedition under Major S. H. Long, in 1819. This expedition went in the first steamboat that ever puffed and paddled its way against the swift, muddy current of the Missouri river; *the boat was named " Western Engineer," but it had a double stern-wheel, or two wheels, one of them named in large letters, "James Monroe," and the other "John C. Calhoun," in honor of the then President and Secretary of War. This steamer" had to stop at St. Louis for some repairs; and two members of the expedition, Messrs. Thomas Say and T. R. Peale, improved the time by surveying a group of twenty-seven ancient mounds which occu- pied ground that is now all covered over by the modern city of St. Louis. This occurred in June, 1819; Mr. Say prepared a map of the mounds and a brief account of them, and this appears to be the first authentic record of such ancient works within the territory now constituting the State of Missouri; his notes on these mounds were published in 1823, in the report of Major Long's expedition, but his map of them was never published until 1862, when it appeared on page 387 of the " Smithsonian Report" for the year 1861. In his account Mr. Say says: "Tumuli and other remains of the labors of nations of Indians (?) that inhabited this region many ages since are remarkably numerous about St. Louis. Those tumuli immediately northward of the town and within a short distance of it, are twenty-seven in number, of various forms and magnitudes, arranged nearly in a line from north to south. The common form is an oblong square, and they all stand on the second bank of the river. * * It seems probable these piles of earth were raised as cemeteries, or they may have supported altars for religious cer- emonies." It was from these mounds that St. Louis derived her pseudonym of the "Mound City"; but this name is now almost entirely obsolete, since the city has risen up to claim the prouder title of " Inter- Metropolis of North America". When the largest one of the mounds was leveled some skeletons were found, and some thick discs with holes through them; they had probably served as beads, and were wrought from shells of a spe- cies of fresh water clam or mussel. Numerous specimens of wrought flints were found between St. Louis and Carondelet, in 1860; and in 1861 an ancient flint shovel was dug up while building military earthworks. In Mississippi county, in the southeastern corner of the State, there is a group of mounds covering ten acres, in section 6, t. 24, r. 17, varying from ten to thirty feet in height. About 1855 these mounds were explored by two gentlemen from Chicago, and they found some pottery, with men represented upon its sides; one figure appeared to be a priest or some official personage, as shown by his head-dress, and the other * Campbell's History of Howard County says: " May 28th, 1819, the first steamboat— the ' Independence,' Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis, including all stops, twelve days — landed at Franklin on her way up the [Missouri] river." Thus it seems that Major Long's boat was really the second one to go up, although in most histories it is mentioned as the first — and it was the first that went up any great distance. 12 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. represented a captive bound with thongs. Both figures showed the peculiar contour of head and features which marks the mound-builder race. In December, 1868, some laborers engaged in grading Sixth street, in East St. Louis, dug up a nest of unused flint hoes or shovels, and another deposit of shells with string-holes worked in them, and another deposit of' boulders of flint and greenstone, ready to make more tools or weapons from. These deposits were on high ground, and about half-way between two ancient mounds. In 1876 or 1877 some ancient mounds were discovered on the banks of the Missouri river near Kansas City. They were in groups of three and five together, at different points for five miles up and down the river. Some were built entirely of earth, and some had a rude stone chamber or vault inside, but covered with earth so that all looked alike outside. They were of an irregular oval shape, from four to six feet high, and had heavy growths of timber on top. Mr. W. H. R. Lykins, of Kansas City, noticed a burr-oak tree five feet in diameter, growing on top of one of them, and the decayed stump of a black walnut of about the same size, on another. In describing the exploration of some of these mounds Mr. Lykins gives some points that will be of interest to every one. He says: " We did not notice anjr very marked peculiarity as to these bones except their great size and thickness, and the great prominence of the supraciliary ridges. The teeth were worn down to a smooth and even surface. The next one we opened was a stone mound. On clearing off the top of this we came upon a stone wall inclosing an area about eight feet square, with a narrow opening for a doorway or entrance on the south side. The wall of this inclosure was about two feet thick; the inside was as smooth and compactly built and the corners as correctly squared as if constructed by a practical workman. No mortar had been used. At a depth of about two feet from the top of the wall we found a layer of five skeletons lying with their feet toward the south." * None of the other walls examined were so skilfully laid as this one. The bones were crumbly, and only a few fragments were preserved by coating them well with varnish as quickly as possible after they were exposed to the air. One stone enclosure was found full of ashes, char- coal and burnt human bones, and the stones and earth of which the mound was composed all showed the effects of fire. Hence it is pre- sumed that this was either a cremation furnace or else an altar for human sacrifices — most probably the latter. Some fragments of pottery were found in the vicinity. L. C. Beck in 1823f reported some remains in the territory now con- stituting Crawford county, Missouri, which he thought showed that there * Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 252. ' : t Gazetteer of Illinois and Missouri, published by L. C. Beck, in 182B-23. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 13 was in old time a town there, with streets, squares, and houses built with stone foundations and mud walls. He also mentions the ruins of an ancient stone building described to him by Gen. Ashley, as situated on a high cliff on the west side of the Gasconade river. And another one said to be in Pike county, is thus described : " It presents the dilapidated remains of a building constructed of rough, unhewn stones, fifty-six feet long and twenty-two broad, embracing several divisions and chambers. The walls are from two to five feet high. Eighty rods eastward of this structure is found a smaller one of similar construction. The narrow apartments are said to be arched with stone, one course overlapping the other, after the manner of the edifices of Central A'merica." I. Dille, Esq., of Newark, Ohio, reported that he had examined some of these pre-historic town ruins, in the vicinity of Mine-la-Motte and Fredericktown, in Madison county, Missouri. He speaks of them as groups of small tumuli, and says: "I have concluded they are the remains of mud houses. They are always arranged in straight lines, with broad streets intervening between them, crossing each other at right angles. The distance apart varies in different groups, but it is always uniform in the same group. * * I have counted upwards of two hundred of these mounds in a single group. Arrow heads of jasper and agate, and axes of sienite and porphyry have been found in their vicinity." * Mounds or other pre-historic structures have been found on Spencer's creek in Ralls count}-; on Cedar creek in Boone county; on Crow's Fork and other places in Callaway county; near Berger Station in Franklin county; near Miami in Saline county; on Blackwater river in John- son county; on Salt river in Pike county; on Prairie Fork in Mont- gomery county; near New Madrid; and in many other parts of the State. The class of ancient ruins, partly built of stone, said to exist in Clay, Crawford, Pike and Gasconade counties, Missouri, are not found further north, but are frequent enough further south, and are supposed to indicate a transitional period in the development of architectural knowledge and skill, from the grotesque earth-mounds of Wisconsin to the well-finished adobe structures of New Mexico, and the grander stone ruins of Yucatan. But, no matter what theory we adopt with regard to these pre-historic relics, the present citizens of Missouri can rest assured that a different race of human beings lived and flourished all over this region of country, hundreds — yes, thousands of years ago, and that they were markedly different in their modes of life from our modern Indians. * Many large and costly works have been published by scientists, devoted to the general subject of Pre-Historic Man; but of cheap and popular works for the general reader, the best are Foster's " Pre-Hisloric Races of the United States" ; and Baldwin's " Ancient America". 14 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. And there are at least two discoveries known which show that these people were here before the extinction of the mastodon, or great American elephant. In the " Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences," 1857, Dr. Kock reports that in the year 1839 he dug up in Gasconade county [as that county then was] the bones of a mastodon, near the Bourbeuse river. The skeleton of this gigantic creature was buried in such a position as to show that it had got its hind legs down in a bog so deeply that it could not climb out, although its fore feet were on dry ground. The natives had attacked it with their flint arrows and spears, most of which were found in a broken condition; but they had finally managed to build a big fire so close to its head as to burn it to death, the head-bones and tusks being found all burnt to coals. The account of this discovery was first printed in the Philadelphia Presbyterian, Jan. 12, 1839, and copied into the "American Journal of Science " the same year. The authenticity of the incident has been disputed, on the assumed ground that man did not exist as long ago as when the mastodon roamed over these pre-historic plains; but science now has indisputable evidence that man existed even in the Tertiary age of the geological scale, ( see note to chart in chapter on Geology) long before the glacial epoch; hence that objection has no force at present. Dr. Koch further reports that about a year after unearthing the Gas- conade county monster, he again found in the bottom land of the Pom- me-de-Terre river, in Benton county, a nearly complete skeleton of the great extinct beast called Missourium, with arrow-heads under it in such a way as to show beyond question that they were made and used while the animal was alive. This skeleton is now in the British Museum. * Human footprints have been found in the rocks at De Soto in Jefferson county, also in Gasconade county, and at St. Louis. H. R. Schoolcraft, in his book of travels in the Mississippi river country in 1821, said of these footprints: "The impressions in the ..stone are, to all appearance, those of a man standing in an erect posture, with the left foot a little advanced, and the heels drawn in. The distance between the heels, by accurate measurement, is 6J inches and between the extremities of the toes 13f inches. The length of these tracks is 10J inches; across the toes 4i inches as spread out, and but 2£ at the heel." Our eminent U. S. Senator, Thomas H. Benton, wrote a letter April 29th, 1822, in which he says: "The prints of the human feet which you mention, I have seen hundreds of times. They were on the uncovered limestone rock in front of the town of St. Louis. The prints were seen when the country was first settled, and had the same appearance then as now. No tradition can tell anything about them. They look as old as the rock. They have the same fine polish which the attrition of the * See Foster's " Pre-Historic Races of the United States," pp. 63-3-4-5-6. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 15 sand and water has made upon the rest of the rock which is exposed to their action. I have examined them often with great attention. They are not handsome, but exquisitely natural, both in the form and position. A block 6 or 8 feet long and' 3 or 4 feet wide, containing the prints, was cut out by Mr. John Jones, in St. Louis, and sold to Mr. Rappe, of New Harmony, Indiana."* Prof. G. C. Broadhtfad, and some other writers, think these were not natural impression of human feet, but sculptures made by hand. This theory requires a belief that the pre-historic men of Missouri had tools with which they could cut the most delicate lines in hard rocks; and that they studied the human form in its finest details of muscular action and attitude, and had the art of sculpturing these things so as to look " exqui- sitely natural? as Col. Benton expresses it— thus rivalling, if not excelling the most famous sculptors of ancient Greece ; all of which is wholly incon- sistent with the known facts. And besides this, there is no better geolog- ical reason for" doubting their genuineness as natural footprints, than there is in the case of the famous bird and reptile tracks in the sandstones of Connecticut, or those found by Prof. Mudge in Kansas, in 1873. There is no valid reason, either of an aesthetic, historical, or scientific nature, for pronouncing them anything but just what they show themselves to be — fossil footprints of a man who stood in the mud barefooted ; and in course of time that mud became solid stone, preserving his footprints just as he left their exact impression in the plastic material. THE WHITE RACE IN MISSOURI. SPANISH AND FRENCH DISCOVERERS. In 1512 the Spanish adventurer Ponce de Leon discovered Florida; and at this time and for some years after the old countries of Europe were filled with the wildest and most extravagant stories about the inexhaustible mines of gold, silver and precious stones that existed in the country north of the Gulf of Mexico ; also of great and populous cities containing fabulous wealth, beyond what Pizarro and Cortes had found in Peru and Mexico. And besides all this, the "fountain of perpetual youth," which all Europe had gone crazy after, about this time, was supposed to be in that region. Indeed, it can hardly be doubted that the Spaniards in Mexico had gathered from the natives some inkling of the wonderful healing waters now known as * See Smithsonian Report, 1879, pp. 357-58. Also "American Antiquities," by Josiah Priest, 1833, pp. 1850-51-62. 16 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Hot Springs, Arkansas, and the brilliant quartz crystals found in that region, as well as the glittering ores of Missiouri. Ferdinand de Soto was a wealthy cavalier who had won fame as a leading commander in Pizarro's conquest of Peru; he imbibed deeply the current imaginings about the undiscovered wonders of the new world, and was eager to immortalize his name by bringing to his king and coun- try the glory of still more important conquests and discoveries ; and he especially desired to find the supposed " fountain of perpetual youth." Accordingly, in 1538 he received permission from the king of Spain to conquer Florida at his own cost — " Florida " then meaning all the unknown country from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northern ocean. He collected a band of more than six hundred young bloods who were able to equip themselves in all the gorgeous trappings and splendor of a Span- ish cavalier dress parade, and with this plumed and tinselled troupe, very like the grand entree riders of a modern circus, he landed in Tampa Bay, Florida, in 1539. From here he boldly struck out into the interior, wan- dering about and pushing forward with dogged perseverance, in spite of bogs and streams and bluffs; in spite of tangling thickets and dense for- ests; in spite of heats and rains; in spite of the determined hostility of the natives — until in May, 1541, he discovered the Great River, a few . miles below where the city of Memphis now stands; and thus he made his name memorable for all time. After some delay, to construct boats, they crossed the river and pushed on northward as far as where the city of New Madrid now stands ; and this was the first time that the eyes of white men looked upon any portion of the soil now comprised within the State of Missouri.* But, so fruitless was this visit that no white man set foot within our present State boundary again until one hundred and thirty-two years afterward, when the French missionaries, Marquette and Joliet, came from the great lakes down the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers, to the mouth of the Missouri, in June, 1673. This was the first time white men had beheld the waters of this great stream, and they named it Peki- tonoui, or " Muddy Water River ". It was known by this name until about 1710 or 1712, when it began to be called " the river of the Mis- souris," referring to a tribe of Indians that dwelt at its mouth, chiefly on the lands now comprised in St. Louis county. Marquette and Joliet went on down the river as far south as the mouth of the Arkansas river, of course making several camping stops on Missouri soil, and discovering the Ohio river. From the Arkansas they returned northward the same way they * De Soto and his army came into Missouri irorn the south, twice crossing the Ozark mountains. He spent the winter of 1541-43 in Vernon county, in the extreme western part of the State. Ruins of their winter camp structures and smelting operations are still found there. They melted lead ore for silver, and the glittering, lustrous, yellow, zinc blende or Smithsonite for gold; but were deeply disgusted to find at last that they had been handling only the basest metals. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 17 came down, and reached Green Bay, Wisconsin; again in September of that year— 1673. The next visit of white men to this State was in 1682. In 1678 the French had built a fort with a missionary station aad trading post, near where the city of Peoria, Ills., now stands. During the winter of 1681 -82, Robert de la Salle made preparations, first in Canada, and then at this Illinois fort, to explore the Mississippi river to its mouth. He left the fort with a company of twenty Frenchmen, eighteen Indian men and ten squaws, in such boats and canoes as he could provide. They rowed down the Illinois river and reached its mouth on the 6th of February; a few days were spent here making observations, repairing boats, preparing food, and establishing signals that they had been there and taken posses- sion of the land in the name of their great king. By February 13th La Salle was ready to push on, and started with his little fleet to solve the great mystery of a navigable waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. Of course this expedition passed along the eastern border of Missouri, but no points are mentioned to identify any landing which they may have made within our State. Early in April La Salle accomplished the grand object of his ven- ture by discovering the. three principal mouths of the Mississippi; and on the nearest firm dry land he could find from the mouth he set up a col- umn bearing the cross and the royal arms of France, while the whole company performed the military and religious rites of loyalty* to their king and country — and La Salle himself, acting as chief master of cere- monies, in a clear, loud voice proclaimed that he took possession of all •the country between the great gulf and the frozen ocean, "in the name of the most high, mighty and victorious prince, Louis the Great, by the grace of God king of France and Navarre, 14th of the name, this 9th day of April, 1682." In honor of his sovereign he named the whole vast • region Louisiana — that is, Louis' land, and named the river itself St. Louis. And thus it was that our State of Missouri first became a part of historic Louisiana, and passed under the nominal ownership and authority of France. The next historic appearance of white men within our State was in 1705. The French settlers in this vast new country had kept themselves entirely on the east side of the Mississippi river ; but during this year they sent an exploring party up the Missouri river in search of gold ; it prospected as far as the mouth of the Kansas river, where Kansas City now stands, without finding anything valuable, and returned disheartened and disgusted. On September 14, 1712, the king of France, Louis XIV, gave to a wealthy French merchant named Anthony Crozat, a royal patent of " all the country drained by the waters emptying directly or indirectly into the. Mississippi, which is all included in the boundaries of Louisiana." Crozat appointed his business partner, M. de la Motte, governor, and he 2 18 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MlSSOURT. arrived in 1713; Kaskaskia, Illinois, was then the provincial headquarters, and source of supplies for Upper Louisiana, which was also sometimes called Illinois; but New Orleans was the nominal seat of government for the whole Louisiana territory. The old town of Mine-la-Motte, in Mad- ison county, commemorates this first governor. Crozat expected to. find inexhaustible mines of gold and silver in this territory, and spent immense sums of money in vain efforts to attain his object. Practical miners were sent everywhere that the natives reported any glittering substance to exist. The explorers found iron, zinc, copper, lead, mica, pyrites, quartz crystals, etc., in great abundance, but no gold, silver or diamonds ; and after five years of disastrous failure and disappointment, in 1717, Crozat returned his luckless charter to the king. Next, in 1716 an adventurous Scotchman named John Law, got up a grand scheme for making everybody rich without work, and induced the French king and court and people to engage in it. This wild financial venture is known in history as the " Mississippi bubble," the " South Sea bubble," etc. The charter of Louisiana and monopoly of all its trade was given to a corporation, called the " Company of the West," whose cap- ital stock was to be 100,000,000 francs, with power to issue stock in small shares, and establish a bank, etc. Shares rose to twenty times their original value, and the bank's notes, though essentially worthless, were in circulation to the amount of more than $200,000,000. Law himself sunk $500,000 in the scheme ; but it bursted, as bodiless as a bag of wind ; while he, the originator and manager of it, had to escape from Paris for his life, and died poor at Venice in 1729. In 1731 the charter of Louis- iana was again returned to the crown. However, the excitement over this great scheme for making fabulous wealth out of nothing, had brought many adventurous Frenchmen into the territory as gold-hunters,, who failing in that, worked some of the lead mines, and sent their pro- ducts back to Europe. In 1720 or 1721, an enterprising Frenchman named Renault took charge of a large lead mining enterprise. He brought M. La Motte,. who was a professional mineralogist, with about two hundred expert miners and metallurgists, and five hundred negroes, to develop the mineral wealth that actually did exist. He made his headquarters at Fort de Char- tres, on the Illinois side, ten miles above St. Genevieve, and sent out explor- ing and working parties to locate mining camps west of the Great River^ Mine-la-Motte, in Madison county, was one of the first of these loca- tions; also Potosi and Old Mine in Washington county; and manv •others. In 1765 a few families located at Potosi. Much of the mining was surface work — hence, scattered and transitory; and their smelting operations were merely to melt the ore in a wood fire and then clear away the ashes and gather up the lumps of lead. This was carried to HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 19- the river on pack-horses or on rilde ox-carts, and thence shipped to New Orleans by fleets of drifting keel-boats, which returned laden with for- eign goods. Many of the immigrants of this period also engaged in, agriculture, especially in Illinois, so that there really began to be a settled occupation of the country, as a final outcome of the greatest speculative delusion known to history. Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World says: " Fort Orleans, near where Jefferson City now stands, was built by the French in 1719"; this was a temporary safeguard for John Law's crazy gold-hunters, but did not make a permanent settlement. Kaskaskia, now in Randolph count}-, Ills., was settled by the French in 1673, and was- for about a century the metropolis of the vast territory sometimes called "Upper Louisiana," sometimes ^Illinois," and sometimes the "Northwestern Territory." And in 1735 some emigrants from Kaskaskia, moved across the Great River and made a settlement at what is now St. Genevieve,. Missouri, which was the first permanent white settlement made and maintained within the State ; the previous adventurers in search of min- eral wealth had located mining camps at several points, but had not established any permanent town or trading post. The next settlement that can be historically traced to its origin was- that of St. Louis. A Frenchman named Pierre Liguest Laclede,* who lived in New Orleans in 1762, organized the "Louisiana Fur Company," under a charter from the director-general of the province of Louisiana;, this charter gave them the exclusive right to carry on the fur trade with the Indians bordering on the Missouri river, and west of the Mississippi,. " as far north as the river St. Peter" (the same that is now called the Min- nesota river, and empties into the Mississippi at Fort Snelling). Laclede seems to have formed a definite plan and purpose to establish a permanent trading post at some point in Upper Louisiana, for he made up a company of professional trappers, hunters, mechanics, laborers, and boatmen, and. with a supply of goods suitable for the Indian trade, they left New Orleans in August, 1763, bound for the mouth of the Missouri river.. The manner of navigating these boats against the current of the Missis- sippi for a distance of 1,194 miles, was of the most rude, primitive and laborious sort. Sometimes when the wind was favorable they could sail a little; but the main dependence was by means of pUsh-poles and tow- ropes. The boats were long and narrow, with a plank projecting six or eight inches on each side. The boat would of course keep near the shore ; a man at each side, near the bow of the boat, would set his pole on the river bottom, then brace his shoulder against the top of the pole with * Campbell's Gazetteer of Missouri says this man's family name was Liguest ; B. Gratz Brown gives it in Johnson's Cyclopedia as Lingueste; but the man himself appears to have written his name Laclede, of the firm of Laclede, Moxan & Co., who constituted, the historic "Louisiana Fur Company." 20 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. all his might, and as the boat moved under him he would walk along the narrow plank until he reached the stern, and the boat had thus been propelled forward the distance of its length ; then he would walk back to the bow, dragging his pole along in the water, set it on the bottom and push again as before. And thus it was that the rugged pioneers of civilization in the new world for more that a hundred years navigated the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, and some other rivers, with what were in later years called keel-boats. But sometimes, for a rest, or when the beach was favorable, a gang of men would go ashore with a long rope attached to the boat, and thus tow it along against the current, or they would tie the forward end to a tree or snag and let those on the boat pull in the rope and thus draw the boat along — meanwhile those on shore going ahead with another rope, making another tie — and so on; this was called "warping"; but when it was necessary to cross the stream they had recourse to oars or paddles. It took Laclede three months in this way to get from New Orleans up to St. Genevieve, or Fort de Chartres, the military post on the east side a few miles further up the river, where he arrived on the third of November. Here he left his goods and part of his company, but taking a few picked men, he himself pushed on to the mouth of the Missouri. He seems to have had a sort of prophetic forecast that this was the right spot to locate the future trading post for all that vast region of country which was drained by the two prin- cipal great rivers of the new world. At the mouth of the Missouri he found no site that suited him for a town, and he turned back down the Mississippi, carefully exploring the west bank until he reached the high, well protected and well drained location where the city of St. Louis now stands. This was the nearest spot to the mouth of the Missouri which at all met his idea, and he began at once to mark the place by chopping notches in some of the principal trees. This was in December, 1763. He then returned to the fort and pushed on his preparations for the new settlement, saying enthusiastically to the officers of the fort that he had "found a situation' where he was going to plant his colony; and the site was so fine, and had so many advantages of position for trade with all this region of country, that it might in time become one of the finest cities in America" Early in February, 1764, a company of thirty men, in charge of Auguste Chouteau, set out from Fort de Chartres and arrived at the chosen spot on the 14th. The next day all hands went to work clearing the ground and building a storehouse for the goods and tools, and cabins for their own habitation. In April Laclede himself joined them and pro- ceeded to lay out the village plat, select a site for his own residence, and name the town Saint Louis, in honor of his supposed sovereign, Louis XV. This very territory had been yielded up to Spain in 1762, but these loyal HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 21 Frenchmen in naming their new town after the French king never dreamed that they were then and for nearly two years had been Spanish subjects, instead of French; the unwelcome news had reached New Orleans in the same month, April, but did not arrive at St. Louis until late in the year; and when it came the inhabitants were appropriately wroth and indignant, for they hated Spain with a fighting hatred. However, the change made very little practical difference to the town or its people. In 1763 all the French possessions on the east side of the Mississippi river, and also Canada, had been ceded to England, but it was late in 1764 before the English authorities arrived to take possession of Kaskaskia, or Fort de Chartres, and other military posts'; and when they did come, many of the French settlers moved over to St. Louis, giving it a consid- erable start, both in population and business. The Indians, too, being generally more friendly toward the French than the English, came over to St. Louis to trade their peltries, instead of going to Kaskaskia, as they had formerly done ; and this fact gave the new town a powerful impulse. From this time forward new settlements began to spring up within our present boundaries. New Bourbon was settled in 1789. In 1762 a hunter named Blanchette built a cabin where the city of St. Charles now stands, and lived there many years; but just when the place began to be a town or village does not appear to be known. However, in 1803, St. Charles county was organized, and then comprised all the territory lying north of the Missouri and west of the Mississippi; thus taking in all of north Missouri, and the entire States of Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota, and on west to the Pacific ocean. This was the largest single " county " ever known in the world, and St. Charles city was the county seat. In 1781 the Delaware Indians had a considerable town where New Madrid now stands ; and that year Mr. Curre, a fur trader of St. Louis, established a branch house here. In 1788 a colony from New Jersey settled here, and laid out a plat for a large city, giving it the name of New Madrid, in honor of the capital of Spain. But they never realized their high hopes of building up a splendid city there. Among the historic incidents of early settlement worthy of mention at this point, is the case of Daniel Boone, whose hunter life in Kentucky forms a staple part of American pioneer history. Boone came to this territory in 1797, renounced his citizenship in the United States, and took the oath of allegiance to the Spanish crown. Delassus was then the Spanish governor; and he appointed Boone commander of a fort at Femme Osage, now in the west part of St. Charles county. He roamed and hunted over the central regions of Missouri the rest of his life, and it was for a long period called the " Boone's Lick country," from some salt licks or springs which he discovered and his sons worked, and which were choice hunting grounds because deer and other animals came there j{2 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. to lick salt. Col. Boone died Sept. 26, 1820, in St. Charles county, but was buried in Marthasville in Warren 'county, as was his wife also. Their bones were subsequently removed to Frankfort, Kentucky. THE AMERICAN PERIOD. In> 1801 the territory west of the Mississippi was ceded back to France hy Spain; in 1803 President Jefferson purchased from the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, the entire territory of Louisiana, for $15,- 000,000; the formal transfer was made at New Orleans, December 20, 1803. On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress passed an act dividing this vast accession into two parts, the lower one being named the "Terri- tory of Orleans," with its capital at New Orleans; the upper division was called the "District of -Louisiana," with its capital at St. Louis. This latter district comprised the present State of Arkansas and all from that north to nearly the north line of Minnesota, and west from the Mis- sissippi river to the Rocky Mountains. Don Carlos Dehault Delassus -had been the last Spanish governor at St. Louis, and no change was made after its re-cession to France, until in March, 1804, when he delivered the keys and the public documents of his governorship to Capt. Amos Stoddard, of the United States army, who immediately raised the first American flag that ever floated west of the Mississippi river, over the government buildings at St. Louis. There it has floated proudly and uninterruptedly ever since, and there it will float until St. Louis becomes the central metropolis and seat of empire of the entire North American •continent. It should be mentioned here that the war of the American Revolution did not involve an}' military operations as far west as the Mississippi river ; hence the little French fur-trading village of St. Louis was not affected by the clash of arms which was raging so desperately through all the States east of the Ohio river. But the success of the colonies in this unequal conflict gave them control of all south of the river St. Lawrence .and the great lakes, as far west as the Mississippi river; and when Napo- leon had sold to the new republic the extensive French possessions west •of the Mississippi, he remarked that this accession of territory and con- trol of both banks of the Mississippi river would forever strengthen the power of the United States; and said he, with keen satisfaction, "I have given England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her pride." On the 3d of March, 1805, Congress passed at act to organize the Territory of Louisiana ; and President Jefferson then appointed as territo- rial governor, Gen. James Wilkinson ; secretary, Frederick Bates ; judges, ^Return J. Meigs and John B. Lucas. Thus civil matters went on, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 23 and business increased rapidly. When the United States took pos- session of this district or territory it was reputed to contain nine thous- and white inhabitants and about three thousand negroes. The first cen- sus of St. Louis was taken in 1799, and it then had 897 inhabitants. This is presumed to have included the village of Carondelet also, which was started as a rival town soon after the founding of St. Louis. In June, 1812, Congress passed another act with regard to this new country, and this time it was named the Territory of Missouri, instead of Louisiana. The President was to appoint a governor; the people were to elect representatives in the ratio of one for every five hundred white male inhabitants; this legislative body or lower house, was to nominate to the President eighteen of their own citizens, and from those he was to select and commission nine to form a senate or legislative council. The house of representatives was to consist of thirteen members at first; they were to hold their office two years, and must hold at least one legislative session at Saint Louis each year. The territory was also authorized to send one delegate to Congress. In October, 1812, the first territorial election was held, and these peo- ple experienced for the first time in their lives the American privilege of choosing their own law-makers. There were four candidates for Con- gress, and Edward Hempstead was elected. He served two years from December 7th, 1812; then Rufus Easton served two years; then John Scott two years; Mr. Easton was one of the four candidates at the first election ; and Mr. Scott was one of the members from St. Genevieve of the first legislative council. The first body of representatives met at the house of Joseph Robidoux, in St. Louis, on December 7th, and consisted of the following members: From St. Charles — John Pitman, Robert Spencer. St. Louis — David Musick, B. J. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr, Richard Caulk. St. Genevieve — George Bullet, R. S. Thomas, Isaac McGready. Cafe Girardeau — G. F. Ballinger, Spencer Byrd. New Madrid — John Shrader, Samuel Phillips. They were sworn into office by Judge Lucas. Wm. C. Carr of St. Louis, was elected speaker. The principal business of this assembly was to nominate the eighteen men from whom the President and U. S. Sen- ate should select nine to constitute the legislative council; they made their nominations and sent them on to Washington, but it was not known until the next June who were selected. June 3d, 1813, the secretary and acting governor, Frederick Bates, issued a proclamation declaring who had been chosen by the President as the council of nine, and they were — From St. Cliarles — James Flaugherty, Benj. Emmons. St. Louis — Auguste Chouteau, Sr., Samuel Hammond. St. Genevieve — John Scott, James Maxwell. 24 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Cafe Girardeau — Wm. Neely, Joseph Cavener. JVeza Madrid — Joseph Hunter. In July of this year the newly appointed governor, Wm. Clarke, took his seat, and held it until Missouri became a State in 1820.* December, 1813, the second session of the territorial legislature was convened in St. Louis, and continued until January 19, 1814. This year the second territorial election occurred, and the new general assembly met December 5, this being the third sitting of the territorial legisla- ture. The fourth commenced in November, 1815, and continued until about the last of January, 1816. And it was during this session that the common law of England, and her general statutes passed prior to the fourth year of James I, were adopted as the laws of Missouri, except such changes as were necessary to phrase them for the United States and its system of government, instead of England. April 29, 1816, Congress again legislated for this territory, and pro- vided that the legislative council or senate should be elected by the peo- ple instead of being appointed by the President; that the legislature should meet biennially instead of annually; and that the U. S. judges should be required to hold regular terms of circuit court in each county. The fifth legislative session (being the first under this act) met the first week in December of this year, and continued until February 1, 1817. Then there was no further legislation until the regular biennial session which met about December first, 1818. But during 1817, Henry S. Gayer, Esq., compiled a digest of all the laws, including those of French, Spanish, English and American origin, which were still in force in this territory. This was a very important work, in view of the fact that there were land titles and instances of property inheritance deriving their legal verity from these different sources; and it was now desirable to get all titles and vestitures clearly set upon an American basis of law and equity. The next . or sixth session of the legislature continued through December, 1818, and January, 1819 ; and the most important thing done was applying to Congress for Missouri to be admitted as a State. John Scott, of St. Genevieve county, was then the territorial delegate in Congress, and presented the application. A bill was introduced to authorize the people of Missouri to elect delegates to a convention which should frame a State constitution. The population of Missouri territory at this time (or when the first census was taken, in 1821,) consisted of 59,393 free white inhabitants and 11,254 slaves. A member of Congress from New York, Mr. Talmadge, offered an amendment to the proposed bill, providing that slavery should be excluded from the proposed new State. This gave rise to hot and angry debate for nearly two * Gov. Clarke died Sept. 31, 1838, at St. Louia. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 25 years, and which at times seemed to threaten an immediate dissolution of the National Union. But the strife was finally quieted by the adoption in Congress on March 6, 1820,' of what is famous in history as the " Mis- souri Compromise," by which it was agreed that Missouri might come into the Union as a slave-holding State ; but that slavery should never be established in any State which might thereafter be formed from lands lying north of latitude 36 deg. 30 min. The elections were held for dele- gates, the constitutional convention met at St. Louis, accepted the terms of admission prescribed by Congress, and on July 19th, 1820, Missouri took her place as one of the sovereign States of the National Union. MISSOURI AS A STATE. July 19, 1820, Missouri laid off the vestments of territorial tutelage and put on the matronly robes of mature statehood,«as the constitutional conven- tion was authorized to frame the organic law and give it immediate force without submitting it to a vote of the people, and this constitution stood in force without any material change until the free State constitution of 1865 was adopted. The first general election under the constitution was held in August, 1820, at which time Alexander McNair was chosed gov- ernor and John Scott representative in Congress. Members of legisla- ture had been chosen at the same time, comprising fourteen senators and forty three representatives; and this first general assembly of the State convened in St. Louis in the latter part of September. The principal thing of historic interest done by this assembly was the election to the United States Senate of Thomas H. Benton, who continued there unin- terruptedly until 1851, a period of thirty years, and was then elected in 1852 as representative in Congress from the St. Louis district. The other senator elected at this time was David Barton, who drew the "short term," and was re-elected in 1824. EPITOMIZED SUMMARY OP EVENTS AND DATES. Application made to Congress for a state government March 16, 1818, and December 18, 1818. — A bill to admit was defeated in Congress, which was introduced February 15, 1819. — Application made to Congress for an enabling act, December 29, 1819. — Enabling act (known as the Missouri Compromise) passed by Congress March 6, 1820. — First state constitution formed July 19, 1820. — Resolution to admit as a state passed Senate December 12, 1820; rejected by the House February 14, 1821.— 26 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Conditional resolution to admit approved March 2, 1821 .— Condition accepted by the legislature of Missouri and approved by governor, June 26, 1821.— By proclamation of the President, admitted as a state August 10, 1821. The State capital was first at St. Louis; then at St. Charles about five years; but on October 1st, 1826, it was moved to Jefferson City, and has remained there ever since. COUNTIES AND POPULATION. The first census of the State was taken in September, 1821, and showed the population by counties as follows: Boone county 3,692 Calloway 1,797 Cape Girardeau 7,852 Chariton 1,426 Cole 1,028 Cooper ...3,483 Franklin , 1,928 (Gasconade 1,174 Howard 7,32i Jefferson 1,838 Lillard (afterward called La- fayette) 1,340 Lincoln 1,674 Marion 1,907 Montgomery 2,032 New Madrid 2,444 Perry 1,§99 Pike, 2,677 Ralls 1,684 Ray 1,789 Saline 1,176 St. Charles 4,058 St. Genevieve 3,181 St. Louis 8,190 Washington 3,741 Wayne 1,614 The total was 70,647, of which mumber 11,254 were negro slaves-. The area of the State at this time comprised 62,182 square miles; but in 1837 the western boundary was extended by authority of Congress, to include what was called the " Platte Purchase," an additional area of 3,168 square miles, which is now divided into the counties of Platte t Buchanan, Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison. This territory was an Indian reservation until 1836. The last census was taken in June, 1880, when the state had an area of 65,350 square miles, divided into one hundred and fourteen counties, with populations as follows: HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. CENSUS REPORT OP THE STATE FOR THE YEAR 1880. 27 Counties. Total. Adair 15,190 Andrew 16,318 Atchison 14,565 Audrain 19,739 Barry 14,424 Barton 10,332 Bates 25,382 Benton; 12,398 Bollinger 11,132 Boone 25,424 Buchanan 49,824 Butler 6,011 Coldwell 13,654 Calloway 38,670 Camden 7,267 Cape Girardeau 20,998 Carrroll 23,300 Carter 2,168 Cass 22,431 Cedar 10,747 Chariton 25,224 Christian 9,632 Clark 15,031 Clay 15,579 Clinton 16,073 Cole 15,519 Cooper 21,622 Crawford 10,763 Dade 12,557 Dallas 9,272 Daviess •. . 19,174 DeKalb 13,343 Dent 10,647 Douglass 7,753 Dunklin 9,604 Franklin 26,536 Gasconade 11,153 Gentry 17,188 Greene 28,817 Grundy 15,201 Harrison 20,318 Henry 23,914 Hickory 7,388 Holt... 15,510 Howard 18,428 Howell 8,814 Iron . : 8,183 Jackson 82,328 Jasper 32,021 Jefferson 18,736 Johnson 28,177 Knox 13.047 Laclede 11,524 Lafayette 25,731 Lawrence 17,585 Lewis 15,925 Lincoln 17,443 Linn 20016 Livingston 20,205 McDonald 7,816 Macon 26,223 Madison 8,860 Maries 7.304 Marion •• 24,837 Male. Female. Native. Foreign. White. Col'd. 7,915 7,275 14,719 471 14,964 226 8,387 7,931 15,432 880 15,950 368 7,936 .6,629 13,538 1,027 14,524 41 10,417 9,322 18,982 757 17,896 1,843 7,311 7,113 13,975 449 14,413 11 5,425 4.907 10,086 240 10,316 16 13,630 11,752 24,674 708 25,135 247 6,357 6,041 11,438 960 12,127 271 5,698 5,434 10,766 366 11,108 24 12,928 12,496 25,084 340 20,397 5,027 27,045 22,779 42,920 6,904 46,093 3,731 3,221 2,790 5,848 163 5,871 140 7,060 6,594 13,023 631 13,241 413 12,280 11,390 23,064 600 19,268 4,402 3,756 3,511 7,166 101 7,152 115 10,812 10,186 18,612 2,386 19,004 1,994 12,298 11,002 22,359 941 21,827 1,473 1,138 1,030 2,154 14 2,157 11 11,884 10,547 21,830 601 21,681 750 5,479 5,268 10,659 88 10,601 146 13,145 12,079 23,916 1,308 21,266 3,958 4,871 4,761 9,425 207 9,435 197 7,717 7,314 14,283 748 14,723 308 8,138 7,441 15,136 443 14.066 1,513 8,310 7 763 15,375 698 15,098 975 8,437 7,082 13,369 2,150 13,648 1,871 11,085 10,537 20,057 1,565 18,120 3,502 5,586 5,177 10,197 566 10,640 123 6,415 6,142 12,463 94 12,310 247 4,671 4,601 9,189 83 • 9,184 88 9,983 9,191 18,794 380 18,723 451 7,008 6,335 12,723 620 13,216 127 5,635 5,012 10,365 282 10,580 61 3,891 3,862 7,732 21 7,727 26 5,161 4,443 9,569 35 9,436 168 18,885 12,651 22,101 4,435 24,469 2,067 5,824 5,329 8,435 2,718 10,988 165 8,947 8,241 16,712 476 17,160 28 14,649 14,168 28,010 807 26,009 2,808 7,762 7,439 14,662 539 14,997 204 10,518 9,800 19,824 494 20,245 73 12,301 11,613 23,096 818 22.925 989 3,775 3,613 7,169 219 7,338 50 8,291 7,219 14,621 889 15,285 225 9,554 8,874 17,955 473 13,195 5,233 4.495 4,319 8,736 78 8,723 91 4.232 3,951 7,592 591 7,783 400 45,891 36,437 71,653 10,675 72,445 9,883 16,763 15,258 30,686 1,335 31,249 772 9,873 8,863 15,755 2,981 17,731 1,005 14,797 13,380 27,231 946 26,164 2,013 6,774 6,273 12,341 706 12,8^9 228 5,889 5,635 11,145 379 11,048 476 13.370 12,361 23,679 2,052 21,313 4,418 8,990 8,595 16,835 750 17,284 301 8,157 7,768 15,080 845 14,520 1,405 9,010 8,433 16.606 837 15,299 2,144 10,349 9,667 18,823 1,193 19,184 832 10,365 9,840 18,952 1,253 19,062 1,143 4,101 3,715 7,777 39 7,804 12 13,449 12,774 24,383 1,840 24,726 1,497 4,463 4,397 8,506 354 8,552 308 3,806 3,498 6,974 380 7,292 12 12,622 12,215 22,828 2,009 21,123 3,714 28 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. CENSUS REPORT OP THE STATE FOR THE YEAR 1880.— Continued. Counties. Total. Mercer 14,674 Miller 9,807 Mississippi 9,270 Moniteau 14,349 Monroe 19,075 Montgomery 16,250 Morgan 10,134 New Madrid 7,694 Newton • 18,948 Nodaway 29,560 Oregon 5,791 Osage 11,824 Ozark 5,618 Pemiscot 4,299 Perry 11,895 Pettis 27,285 Phelps 12,565 Pike 26,716 Platte 17,372 Polk 15,745 Pulaski 7,250 Putnam 13,556 Ralls 11,838 Randolph 22,751 Ray 20,193 Reynolds. 5,722 Ripley , 5,377 St. Charles 23,060 St. Clair 14,126 St. Francois .■ 13,822 St. Genevieve 10,390 St. Louis 31,888 Saint Louis (City) 350,522 Saline 29,912 Schuyler 10,470 Scotland 12,507 Scott.. 8,587 Shannon 3,441 Shelby 14,024 Stoddard . . . . : 13,432 Stone 4,405 Sullivan 16,569 Taney 5,605 Texas 12,207 Vernon 19,370 Warren 10,806 Washington 12,895 Wayne 9,097 Webster 12,175 Worth 8,208 Wright 9,733 The classification footings of the census of 1880 show: Hale. Female. Native. Foreign. White. Cora. 7,510 7,164 14,486 188 14,573 101 5,070 4,737 9,561 246 9,577 230 5,131 4,139 9,030 250 7,129 2,141 7,257 7,092 13,177 1,172 13,376 973 9,942 9,133 18,739 336 . 16,925 2,150 8,383 7,867 15,304 946 14,334 1,916 5,182 4,952 7,399 735 9,719 415 4,145 3,549 7,587 107 5,813 1,881 9,767 9,181 18,324 624 18,345 603 15,669 13,891 27,936 1,624 29,447 113 2,995 2,796 5,772 19 5,772 19 6,201 5,623 9,848 1,976 11,422 402 2,920 2,698 5,602 16 5,604 14 2,300 1,999 4,267 32 4,033 266 6,120 5,775 10,588 1,307 11,424 471 14,150 13,135 25,428 1,857 24,278 3,007 6,478 6,087 11,729 836 12,059 506 13,645 13,071 25,888 828 21,340 5,376 9,055 8,317 16,645 727 15,754 1,618 7,886 7,859 15,649 90 15,459 286 3,719 3,531 6,987 263 7,190 60 6,953 6,603 13,333 223 13,536 20 6,162 5,676 11,452 386 10,625 1,213 11,830 10,921 21,302 1,449 19,937 2,814 10,637 9,556 19,765 428 18,472 1,721 2,901 2,821 5,679 43 5,708 14 2,803 2,574 5,277 100 5,367 10 12,097 10,963 18,774 4,286 20,650 2,410 7,243 6,883 13,839 287 13.817 309 7,246 6,576 12,739 1,083 13,169 653 5,338 5,052 9,296 1,094 9,833 557 16,988 14,900 25,299 6,589 28,009 3,879 179,484 171,038 245,528 104,994 328.232 22,290 15,619 14,293 28,657 1,255 24,987 4,925 5,334 5,136 10,132 338 10,461 9 6,398 6,109 12,238 269 12,378 129 4,631 3,956 7,972 615 8,036 551 1,742 1,699 3,430 11 3,441 — 7,126 6,898 13,320 567 13,087 937 6,924 0,508 13,320 112 13,399 33 2,327 2,078 4,395 10 4,377 28 8,589 7,980 16,202 367 16,487 82 2,900 2,705 5,586 19 5,601 4 6,223 5,984 12,013 194 12,178 29 10,184 9,186 18,900 470 19,268 102 5,743 5,063 8,917 1,889 9,852 954 6,457 6,438 12,478 417 11,857 1,038 4,764 4,333 8,925 172 8,990 107 6,201 5,974 12,044 131 11,928 247 4,220 3,988 8,031 177 8,207 1 4,903 4,830 9,559 174 9,471 262 Males.... •• 1,127,424 Native born 1,957,564 White 2,023,568 Total population in June, 1880, 2,168,804. Females 1,041,380 Foreign born 211,240 Colored* 145,236 ■This includes 92 Chinese, 2 half-Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 29 The following table shows the population of Missouri at each Federal census from 1810 to 1880: Tears. White. 1810 17,327 1820 55,988 1830 114,795 1840 323,888 1850 592,004 1860 1,063,489 1870 1,603,146 1880 2,023,568 Free Colored. Slaves. Total Popu- lation. 607 3,011 20,845 376 10,222 66,586 569 25,091 140,455 1,574 58,240 383,702 2,618 87,422 682,044 3,572. 114,931 1,182,012 118,071 1,721,295 145,236 2,168,804 STATE FINANCES. THE STATE DEBT. The bonded indebtedness of Missouri has various periods to run. The following table is compiled from the State Auditor's report for 1879- 1880, and embodies all state bonds that will become payable from 1882 to 1897, at 6 per cent interest. St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad series $1,361,000 Cairo & Fulton Railroad 267,000 North Missouri Railroad 1,694,000 State Debt proper 439,000 Pacific Railroad 2,971,000 Consolidation 2,727,000 Platte County Railroad 504,000 State University 201,000 Northwestern Lunatic Asylum 200,000 State Bank Stock, refunding 104,000 State Funding 1,000,000 Penitentiary Indemnity 41,000 Renewal Funding 3,850,000 School Fund Certificates 900,000 Total $16,259,000 In addition to this there are $250,000 of revenue bonds, issued June 1, 1879; and $3,000,000 bonds issued to the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company. THE STATE INCOME. The receipts of the State from all sources during the years 1879 and 1880 were as follows: 30 HISTORY OF" THE STATE OF MISSOURI. State Revenue Fund $3,024,084.39 State Interest Fund ... 2,429,040.71 State School Fund 335.55 Swamp Land Indemnity Fund 15,408.05 Insurance Department Fund 31,096.40 Executors' and Administrators' Fund 6,790.07 State School Moneys 241,080.00 State Seminary Moneys 3,660.00 Earnings Missouri Penitentiary 214,358.97 Militia Fund 82.25 Total $5,965,936.39 The total balance of all moneys in the State treasury January 1, 1881, was $517,517.21. During the year 1879, the state paid a total of $6,458.00 as bounty on wolf scalps; but in 1880 the amount was only $1,428.50. WHO MISSOURI VOTED FOR. PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI PROM 1820 TO 1880. Presidential Candidates t>„h«...l1 p«rt;<.a S 1 * 8® Vice-President Voted for in Missouri. Political rarties. op _p a-t> W|> Candidates. 1820 James Monroe Democratic 3 D.D.Tompkins. 1824 John Q. Adams Coalition 311 * Nathan Sanford. Andrew Jackson Democratic 987 John C. Calhoun. Henry Clay Democratic 1,401 3 Andrew Jackson. 1828 Andrew Jackson Democratic 8,232 3 John C. Calhoun. John Q. Adams National Republican. 3,422 Richard Rush. 1832 Andrew Jackson* Democratic 4 Martin Van Burea. 1836 Martin Van Buren Democratic 10,995 4 R. M. Johnson W.H.Harrison Whig 7,401 Francis Granger. Hugh L.White Independent 936 John Tyler. 1840 W. H. Harrison Whig 22,972 John Tyler. Martin Van Buren Democratic 29,760 4 R.M.Johnson. 1844 Jas. K. Polk Democratic 41,369 7 Geo. M. Dallas. Henry Clay Whig 31,251 Th. Frelinghuysen. 1848 Zachary Taylor Whig 32,671 Millard Fillmore. Lewis Cass Democratic 40,077 7 Wm. O. Butler. 1852 Franklin Pierce Democratic 38,353 9 Wm. R. King. Winfleld Scott Whig 29,984 Wm. A. Graham. 1856 Jas. Buchanan Democratic 58,164 9 J. C. Breckenridge. Millard Fillmore American 48,524 A. J. Donelson. 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican 17,028 Hannibal Hamlin. J. C. Breckenridge State Rights Dem'cr't 31,317 Joseph Lane. John Bell Old Line Whig 58,372 Edward Everett. Stephen A. Douglas . ..Union Democrat 58,801 9 H.V.Johnson. 1864 Abraham Lincoln Republican 72,750 11 Andrew Johnson. Geo. B. McClullan Democratic 31,678 George H. Pendleton. * This year Gen. Jackson received 5,192 majority; buttho popular vote of Missouri for this year does not appear .n any of the statistical tables. The other presidential candidates this year were ' Henrv Clay, National Republican; John Floyd, Independent; Wm. Wirt, Anti-Mason. ' ' HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 31 PRESIDENTIAL VOTES OF MISSOURI FROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued. Tear. 1868 1872 1876 1880 Presidential Candidates Voted for in Missouri. Political Parties *£ i Ulysses S. Grant Republican 86,860 Horatio Seymour Democratic 63,628 Ulysses S Grant Republican U9,196 Horace Greeley Dem. and Liberal 151,434 Chas. O'Connor Democratic 2,429 Thos. A. Hendricks B. Gratz Brown David Davis Rutherford B. Hayes . . . Republican . i 145,029 Samuel J. Tilden Democratic 203,077 Peter Cooper Greenbacker 3,498 G. O. Smith Prohibitionist 64 Scattering 97 James A. Garfield Republican 153,567 W. S, Hancock Democratic 208,609 James B. Weaver Greenback 35,135 11 13 Vice President Candidates. Sphuyler Colfax. F, P. Blair, Jr. Henry Wilson. B. Gratz Brown. Geo. W. Julien. John M. Palmer. T. E- Brarnlette. Willis B. Machem. William. A Wheeler. Thomas A. Hendricks. Samuel F. Carey. G. T. Stewart. Chester A Arthur. W- H- English. B.J. Chambers. LIST OF GOVERNORS FROM 1820 TO 1880. TEAS. NAME. REMARKS. 1820 AlexanderMcNair 1824 Frederick Bates died in office. 1825 Abraham J. Williams vice Bates. 1826 John Miller 1828 John Miller 1832 Daniel Dunklin resigned; appointed Serv. Gen. U. S. 1836 Lilburn W. Boggs vice Dunklin. 1840 Thos. Reynolds died 1844. 1844 M. M. Marmaduke vice Reynolds. ' 1844 John C. Edwards 1848 Austin A. King 1852 Sterling Price 1856 Trusten Polk resigned. 1857 Hancock Jackson vice Polk. 1857 Robert M. Stewart " " [State Convention^ 1860 C. F. Jackson office declared vacant by Unionist 1861 Hamilton R. Gamble appointed governor by State Conven- 1864 Willard P. Hall vice Gamble. [tion; died in office. 1864 Thos. Fletcher 1868 Joseph W. McClurg 1870 B. Gratz Brown 1872 Silas Woodson 1874 Charles H. Hardin 1876 John S. Phelps term now 4 years instead of 2. 1880 Thos. T. Crittenden LIST OF UNITED STAES SENATORS FROM 1820 TO 1880. Year. Names. 1820 Thomas Hart Benton 1824 David Barton 1826 Thomas Hart Benton 1830 Alexander Buckner died in 1833 1832 Thomas Hart Benton 1833 Lewis Field Linn vice Buckner Year. Names. 1857 Trusten Polk 1861 Waldo Porter Johnson 1862 Robert Wilson 1863 B. Gratz Brown 1863 John B. Henderson 1867 Chas. D. Drake resigned 1870 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. LIST OF UNITED STATES SENATORS PROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued. Tear. Names. 1836 Lewis Field Linn 1838 Thomas Hart Benton 1842 Lewis Field Linn died 1843 1843 David R. Atchison vice Linn 1844 David R. Atchison 1844 Thomas Hart Benton 1849 David R. Atchison 1851 Henry S. Geyer 1857 Jas. S.Green Year. Names. 1869 Carl Schurz 1870 Daniel F. Jewett vice Drake 1871 Francis P. Blair, Jr 1873 Lewis V. Bogy 1875 Francis M. Cockrell 1879 Daniel H. Armstrong 1880 James Shields vice Bogy 1881 GeorgeG. Vest MEMBERS OP CONGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1881. < i B I 1820 17 1822 18 1824 19 1826 20 1828 21 1830 22 1831 22 1832 23 1834 24 1836 25 1838 26 1838 26 1840 27 1842 28 i 1844 1846 29 1846 30 1848 31 1850 32 1853 33 John Scott John Scott John Scott Edward Bates Spencer Pettis Spencer Pettis, died 1831 . . . Wm. H. Ashley, vice Pettis. Wm. H. Ashley John Bull Wm. H.Ashley Albert G. Harrison Albert G. Harrison John Miller Albert G. Harrison, died in 1839 John Miller J. Jamison, vice Harrison. . John Miller John C. Edwards James M. Hughes James H. Relfe John Jamisom John B. Bowlin Gustavus M. Brown James B. Bowlin James H. Relfe Sterling Price, resigned. . . . John S. Phelps Leonard H. Sims Wm. McDaniels, vice Price. James B. Bowlin John Jameson James S. Green Willard P. Hall John S Phelps James B. Bowlin William V. N. Bay James S. Green WillardP Hall John S. Phelps John F. Darby Gilchrist Porter John G. Miller Willard PHall..... John S. Phelps Thos H. Benton Alfred W.Lamb 1852 33 1854 84 1855 34 1856 34 1857 85 1858 36 1860 36 1860 37 1862 37 1862 38 & NAMES. 3 JohnG.Miller 4 Mordecai Oliver 5 John S.Phelps James I. Lindley, at large. . Samuel Carruthers, at large. 1 L. M. Kennett 2 Gilchrist Porter 3 John I. Lindley 4 Mordecai Oliver 5 JohnG.Miller, died 1855... 6 John S. Phelps 7 Samuel Carruthers 5 Thos. P. Aiken, vice Miller. 1 Francts P. Blair 2 T.L. Anderson [1857 3 Jas. S. Green, elec. U. S. Sen. 4 James Craig 5 James H. Woodson 6 John S. Phelps 7 Sam'l Carruthers 3 John B. Clark, vice Green . . 1 J. Richard Barrett, declared not elected 2 Thos. L. Anderson 3 John B. Clark 4 Jas Craig ... 5 Jaa. H. Woodson 6 John S. Phelps 7 JohnW.Noell 1 Francis P. Blair, Jr., resigned 1 J. Richard Barrett, vice Blair 1 Francis P. Blair, Jr 2 Jas. S.Rollins 3 John B. Clark, expelled 4 E. H. Norton 5 John W. Reid, expelled 6 JohnS.Phelps 7 JohnW.Noell 3 Wm. A. Hall, vice Clark 5 Thos. L. Price, vice Reid . . . 1 Francis P. Blair 2 Henry T. Blow 3 John W.Noell, died 1863... 4 Sempronius S. Boyd 5 Joseph W. McClurg 6 Austin A. King 7 Benjamin F. Loan HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 33 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1880.— Continued. i i B 8 1862 38 1864 89 1866 40 1867 40 1868 41 1870 42 1872 43 g NAMES. O 8 W. A. Hall 9 John S. Rollins 3 John G. Scott, vice Noell. . . 1 John Hogan 2 Henry T. Blow 3 Thos. E. Noell....; 4 John R. Kelsoe 5 Joseph W. McClurg 6 Robert T. Van Horn 7 Benjamin F. Loan 8 John F. Benjamin 9 George W. Anderson 1 William A. Pile 2 C. A. Newcombe 3 Thomas E. Noell. deceased . . 4 J. J. Gravely 5 Jos. W. McClurg, resigned 6 Robert T. Van Horn. 7 Benjamin F. Loan 8 John F. Benjamin 9 George W. Anderson 3 J. R. McCormack, vice Noell 5 John H. Stover, vice McClurg 1 ErastusWells 2 G. A. Finkelnburg 3 J. R. McCormack 4 S. H. Boyd 5 Samuel S. Burdett 6 Robert T. Van Horn 7 Joel F. Asper 8 John F. Benjamin 9 David P. Dyer. . , 1 ErastusWells 2 G. A. Finkelnburg 3 J. R. McCormack 4 H. E. Havens 5 Samuel S. Burdett. 6 A. Comingo 7 Isaac C. Parker 8 James G, Blair 9 Andrew King 1 E. O. Stanard 2 ErastusWells 3 W. H. Stone 4 Robert A. Hatcher 5 Richard P.Bland 6 Harrison E. Havens 7 Thomas F, Crittenden 8 Abram Comingo 9 Isaac C. Parker 10 Ira B. Hyde 11 John B. Clark, Jr 12 John H. Gkwer 13 A. H. Buckner M o B 8 1874 44 1876 45 1878 46 1879 46 1880 47 e M a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Edward C. Kerr ErastusWells ,. William H.Stone Robert A. Hatcher Richard P. Bland Charles H. Morgan John F.Philips Benjamin J. Franklin David Rea Rezin A. DeBolt John B. Clark, Jr John M. Glover Aylett H. Buckner Anthony Ittner Nathan Cole Lyne S. Metcalfe Robert H. Hatcher Richard P. Bland Charles H. Morgan Thos. T. Crittenden Benjamin J. Franklin David Rea Henry M. Pollard '. John B. Clark, Jr John M. Glover Aylett H. Buckner Martin L. Clardy Erastus Wells Richard G. Frost Lowndes H. Davis Richard P. Bland James R. Waddill Alfred M. Lay, died John F. Philips, vice Lay. Samuel L. Sawyer Nicholas Ford Gideon F. Rothwell John B. Clark, Jr Wm. H Hatch Aylett H Buckner Martin L. Clardy Thomas Allen Richard G. Frost Lowndes H. Davis Richard P. Bland Ira S. Hazeltine Theron M. Rice Robert T. Van Horn Nicholas Ford J. H. Burroughs John B. Clark, Jr Wm. H. Hatch Aylett H. Buckner The election for members of the legislature and members of Congress occurs biennially on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 3 . 34 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. the even numbered years — as 1880, 1882, etc. ; and the legislature meets on the first Wednesday after January 1st, in the odd numbered years — as 1881, 1883, etc. The governor is elected every four years, at the same time with the presidential election. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. The State of Missouri has made liberal provision for the support of public schools, equal to any other state in the Union.* The main fea- tures of our school system are well epitomized in a report made by the state superintendent in 1879#as follows: School Revenue — Is derived from invested state funds, bearing inter- est at the rate of six per Cent per annum, and one-fourth of the state reve- nue collections, annually, equal to a tax of five cents on the $100 of valu- ation; from the invested county funds at rates from 6 to 10 per centum annually, secured by real estate mortgages; frorn the sixteenth section or township fund invested and producing income in the same manner as the county funds. The state and township permanent funds arise principally from the sale of lands donated by the general government. The income is used only for teachers' wages, and is apportioned upon the number of children to districts having maintained the minimum term of school. The deficiency is supplied by local taxation, limited in amount, and con- trolled in the first instance by boards of directors, and second, by the tax-payers in annual meeting assembled. State Boards. — State Board of Education consists of the super- intendent of public schools, the governor, secretary of state, and attorney- general. The duties, practically, are simply the investment and care of the state permanent fund. Board of Curators of the State University — Consists of nine members, appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for a term of six years, three being appointed every two years. They con- trol and manage the university, agricultural college and school of mines and metallurgy. Boards of Regents — Of normal schools consist of six members * The first free day school ever opened in Missouri was by the Church of the Messiah, in St. Louis. This church was organized in 1834, by Kev. Wm. G. Elliott, D. D., who' was the founder, and is now Chancellor of Washington University. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 35 to each school, appointed by the governor, with consent of the senate, from the locality. The state superintendent of public schools is ex officio member of each board. Boards of Control — Of other institutions vary in name and num- ber of members. They are usually appointed by the governor. Superintendent of Public Schools — Has general supervision of the public schools ; collects and tabulates the school statistics of the state ; apportions the state school funds to the counties; gives information to school officers upon construction of school law ; prepares and furnishes blanks for use of school officers : spends five days in each congressional dis- trict of the state, yearly, consulting arid advising teachers and Other school officers, and delivering lectures ; is a member of the board of regents of the normal schools, and president of state board of education ; receives reports from the county commissioners and state institutions of learn- ing; makes annual reports to the governor and general assembly alter- nately; and is the executive manager of the state school fund under the direction of state board of education. County School Commissioners — Elected at the annual school meet- ings of the various school districts for the term of two years; compen- sation varies according to population of county, from twenty to forty dollars per annum and a fee, additional, of one and one-half dollars from each teacher undergoing examination; examines teachers, grants and revokes certificates ; has final jurisdiction over appealed cases of changes of district boundaries, appealed from the annual meetings; condenses and reports to state superintendent of public schools the educational statistics of the county, as received by him from the district boards of directors; supplies the districts with copies of the law, and all blanks needed; performs any and all duties required by the State Superintend- ent, and in counties where the people have voted in favor of it, employs his whole time in supervision and school work. Miscellaneous. — To draw public money, districts must maintain at least three months public school in each year, but the law requires and provides that four months shall be taught. Any person between the ages of six and twenty years may attend the public schools. In cities, towns and villages, the boards are authorized to hold from five to ten months term of school each year, and in the country districts the people may vote an extension of term over four months. The rate of taxation for school purposes, in addition to the distributed state, county and town- ship, or sixteenth section funds, is limited to forty cents on the $100 valu- ation, except that the people, at the annual school meeting, may vote an increase not to exeed sixty-five cents on the $100, by a majority vote of taxpayers. To raise funds by taxation for building purposes, requires 36 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. that the increased rate be voted by two-thirds of the qualified voters voting at the annual or special meeting. Annual, School, Meeting — Meets at the district school house annu- ally, and elects a director for a full term, and fills vacancies in tha board; determines the length of time in excess of four months, that the schools shall be kept open, and orders the proper levies within the limitations to be made therefor; votes a sum not exceeding $20 per annum for pur- chase of books for district library; decides for or against proposed changes of district boundary lines; directs the sale of property no longer required, and determines the applications of proceeds; designates their choice for county school commissioner every second year; directs the loan of money to aid in erecting school houses ; directs the levy of tax for the erection of school houses; determines the location of the school house or houses; by a two-thirds vote changes location of school house; receives the reports of school district board as .to financial condition, and itemized receipts and disbursements for the year ending. District Boards — Consist of three members in the country districts, and six members in the city, town and village districts ; each elected for a term of three years; one, annually, in the country, and two in the city, town and village districts; they elect one of their number president, and appoint a clerk who may not be a member of the board, if it so chooses; they are the executive officers of the school corporation, which each dis- trict is, being created by law; they serve without compensation; have custody of school property; execute the orders of the annual meeting; take the school census; make and file the estimates for tax levies; con- trol the disbursements of all school money; keep the district records; visit the schools; employ teachers; provide for a four months term of school without consulting the people ; make rules for organization, gra- ding and government of the schools, suspend or expel pupils ; admit and prescribe fees for non-resident pupils, and in general do all things neces- sary to carry on the schools. In city, town and village districts the board has power to establish higher grades of schools, but are subject to the same tax restrictions. Some cities have special charters giving other privileges than those enumerated, but subject to the same tax restrictions, they being constitu- tional provisions. Educational Directory. — University of Missouri, located at Colum- bia; number of students, 577; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, $39,000. State Agricultural College constitutes a department of the University. Three State Normal Schools, located respectively at Kirks- ville, Warrensburg and Cape Girardeau.* The appropriation to each of * St. Louis supports its own normal school, for the preparation and training of its teachers, the greater number of whom are graduates of this normal school. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 37 normal schools is $7,500 per annum. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, located at Fulton; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, $91,000. Blind Asylum, located at St. Louis; legislative appropriation for 1879 and 1880, $46,000. Lincoln Institute * located at Jefferson City; legislative appro- priation, $10,000 for 1879 and 1880; devoted to training colored teachers for colored public schools of the state. School of Mines and Metallurgy, located at Rolla; legislative appropriation, $15,000 for 1879 and 1880; constitutes a department of the state university. State teachers' associ- ation, meets annually at places selected at each session, during the last week in June. Statistics of 1878. — School population, 688,248; school enrollment, 448,033; No. of ungraded school districts, 8,142; No. of graded school districts, 279. No. of school houses, 8,092; estimated value of school houses and sites, $8,321,399; average school year in months, 5; average school year in months, in graded school districts, 9; total number of teachers employed, 11,268; total wages of teachers, $2,320,430.20; aver- age wages of teachers per month, males, $36.36, females, $28.09; aver- age wages of teachers per month, in grades schools, estimated, males,. $87.81, females, $40.73. Revenue. — From interest on state permanent fund, $174,030.15; from one-fourth state revenue collections, $363,276.32; from county and township permanent funds, $440,191.37; from district taxes, $2,446,- 910.71. Total, $3,424,408.55. Permanent Funds.— State fund, $2,909,457.11; county fund, $2,388,- 368.29; township or sixteenth section fund, $1,980,678.51. Total $7,278,- 046.80. The state auditor's report for 1879 and 1880 furnishes the following school items; and they make a very favorable showing for the public school interests of Missouri: 1879. 1880. Amount distributed to the counties $502,795.18 $515,286.09 Maintenance of State University 19,500.00 19,500.00 Support of Lincoln Institute 5,000.00 5,000.00 Support School of Mines and Metallurgy 7,500.00 7,500.00 .Normal School, 1st district 7,500.00 7,500 00 " " 2d " 7,500.00 7,500.00 " " South Missouri district 7,500,00 7,500.00 Distribution of school laws 308.58 436.50 ♦Lincoln Institute was first projected by the 62d Regiment IT. B. Colored Infantry, while on duty in Texas, in 1865, and was designed for the higher education of colored people. In January, 1866, the state attached a state normal department to it, to provide suitable teachers for the public schools for colored children. The school was opened Sept. 17, 1876, but was not finally provided for by law as a state normal school until Feb. 14, 1870, since which time it has gone steadily forward, and done a good work for the negro population. 38 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. MASSACHUSETTS AND MISSOURI SCHOOL RATES. Massachusetts is taken almost universally as the standard of measure- ment for other states. The state reports of Massachusetts and Missouri, for 1879, show that in the former there was applied to the educa- tion of every child of school age the sum of $13.71 —in the latter, $4.37. But it must be remembered thatsSchool age in Massachusetts is between five and fifteen years; in Missouri -between six and twenty; a difference of four years in school. The report of the secretary of the Massachusetts board of education, for 1879, states the "per centage of valuation appropriated for public schools," as two and seventy-two one hundredths mills. In Missouri it was over five mills. That is, every tax-paying Missourian paid nearly twice as much for the maintenance of public schools on the same amount (of value) of property as the tax-payer of Massachusetts. DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS. DATE ^„„i„„~ NAME OF INSTITUTION. WHERE LOCATED. DENOMINATION. 1871 Central College Fayette M. E. Church South. 1856 Christian College Canton Christian. 1859 College Christian Brothers . St. Louis Roman Catholic. 1873 Drury College Springfield Congregational. 1868 Hannibal College Hannibal M. E. Church South. 1865 Lewis College Glasgow Methodist Episcopal. 1870 Lincoln College Greenwood United Presbyterian. 1853 McGee College College Mound. . . Cumb. Presbyterian. 1867 St. Joseph College St. Joe Roman Catholic. 1832 St. Louis University St. Louis.. Roman Catholic. 1844 St. Paul College Palmyra Protestant Episcopal. 1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau . . Roman Catholic. 1857 Washington University. . . St. Louis Non-Sectarian. 1852 Westminster College Fulton Presbyterian. 1853 Wm. Jewell College Liberty Baptist. 1869 Woodland College Independence Christian. 1835 St. Charles College St. Charles M. E. Church South. 1852 Central College Fayette " " « 1843 Arcadia College Arcadia " " " THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. 1839 Concordia College St. Louis Evangelical Luth'ran 1844 St. Vincent College Cape Girardeau. . Roman Catholic. Theological School of West- minster College Fulton Presbyterian. 1869 Vanderman School of The- ology Liberty Baptist. In addition to the above, the Baptists have: Stephens College, Columbia* HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 39 Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville; Baptist Female College, Lexington; La Grange College, La Grange; Baptist College, Louisiana ; Liberty Female College, Liberty ; St. Louis Seminary for Young Ladies, Jennings Sta- tion; Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson; Booneville Seminary for Young Ladies, Booneville; North Grand River College, Edinburg; Ingleside Academy, Palmyra. The Christian connection has Christian University, at Canton, in Lewis county. The Congregationalists have Thayer College, at Kidder, in Caldwell county. The German Evangelicals have Missouri College, in Warren county. The Methodist Episcopals (North) have Johnson College at Macon City. The Presbyterians have Lindenwood Female College, at St. Charles. A good feeling prevails amongst these different schools. Each attends to its own work in its own way, caring for the patronage of its own peo- ple and the community at large, as a good neighbor of every other worker. A most liberal and impartial legislative policy is pursued, by dealing with all alike before the law, whether in the maintenance of vested rights or in the matter of taxation. By constitutional provision all property actually used for school and religious purposes may be exempted from taxes, and the same constitution most explicitly interdicts all discrimination, and also all favor or partiality. LAW SCHOOLS. FOUNDED. NAME LOCATION. 1872 Law College of State University Columbia. 1867 Law Department of Washington University St. Louis. MEDICAL SCHOOLS. FOUNDED. NAME. LOCATION. 1869 Kansas City College of Physicians and Surgeons. .Kansas City. 1873 Medical College of State University Columbia. 1840 Missouri Medical College St. Louis. 1841 St. Louis Medical College " 1858 Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri " 1865 Missouri Dental College " 1864 St. Louis College of Pharmacy « SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS. 1870 Agricultural and Mechanical College (State Uni- versity) , , Columbia. 1871 Missourj Schpol of Mines and Metallurgy (State University) Rplla. 1857 Polytechnic Department of Washington University.St. Louis. 40 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS— 1879-80. °. m -gl SI'S w la. fcSH Catholic 216 264 200,000 Protestant Episcopal 65 50 25,000 Lutheran Independent Evangelical 25 .20 1,000 English Evangelical 6 6 1,000 ■• German " 76 68 3,633 Presbyterian, O. S. North 210 151 11,143 " South 135 73 7,662 Cumberland 361 169 15,823 United 10 12 700 " Keformed 3 4 165 Congregational 71 47 3,747 Baptist 1,385 823 86,999 Christian, about 500 500 70,000 Methodist Episcopal, South 559 648 53,382 North 359 420 42,888 " " African '58 59 4,954 African Methodist Episcopal, Zion ) Colored " " [about 116 118 9,908 Methodist, Protestant and Free Methodist Episcopal Church ) Unitarian 5 5 Total 4,160 3,437 539,004 Note.— Church members of the Catholic and Protestant Episcopal Churches include all persons bap- tized into the church. The others connt only communicants in good standing. PROTECTIONAL LAWS. Our state legislature has made ample and discreet provision for the protection of a home-place from sale on execution. The home and property rights of married women, widows and orphans, are guaranteed by statute as far as is practicable. A limit has also been fixed to the amount of indebtedness which may be incurred by the people in voting bonds to railroads, or other enterprises in which they may feel a friendly interest, but in aiding which, too generally, so many western communities have burdened themselves and their posterity with debts and taxation that are grevious to be borne. HOMESTEAD EXEMPTION. The laws »f Missouri reserve from execution, in the hands of every head of a family living in the country, a homestead, consisting of one hundred and sixty (160) acres of land, not exceeding $1,500 in value ; to every head of a family, in cities of over 40,000 inhabitants, a homestead consisting of not more than eighteen square rods of ground, and of a valuation not exceeding $3,000 ; and in cities and towns of less than 40,- 000 inhabitants, a homestead, consisting of not more than thirty square rods of ground, and of the value of not more than $1,500. Thus it is HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 41 seen that a farmer's homestead in Missouri consists of one hundred and sixty acres of land and the improvements thereon, not exceeding in value $1,500; the homestead of the residents of the smaller towns is of the same value; while that allowed to the inhabitants of St. Louis, St. Joseph and Kansas City, where land is more valuable, and the cost of living greater, is fixed at $3,000. The homestead is in the nature of a lien or charge, in favor of the wife and children, upon certain property of the husband, defined in extent, and limited in value. A declaration of what this property is may be recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds, and notice is thus imparted to all persons having dealings with the owner, that this particu- lar property is not subject to execution, and that they ought not to give credit on the faith of it. The state, under this head, provides that: "Any married woman may file her claim to the tract or lot of land occupied or claimed by her and her husband, or by her, if abandoned by her husband, as a homestead. Said claim shall set forth the tract or lot claimed, that she is the wife of the person in whose name the said tract or lot appears of record, and said claim shall be acknowledged by her before some officer authorized to take proof or acknowledgment of instruments of writing affecting real estate, and be filed in the recorder's office, and it shall be the duty of the recorder to receive and record the same. After the filing of such claims, duly acknowledged, the husband shall be de- barred from, and incapable of selling, mortgaging and alienating the homestead in any manner whatever, and such sale, mortgage or alienation is hereby declared null and void; and the filing of any such claims as aforesaid with the recorder shall impart notice to all persons of the con- tents thereof, and all subsequent purchasers and mortagors shall be deemed, in law and equity, to purchase with notice; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent the hus- band and wife from jointly conveying, mortgaging, alienating, and, in any other manner, disposing of such homestead, or any part thereof." Such a law, while securing the benefits of a homestead to the debtor, works no injustice to the creditor. He sees that the debtor has certain property recorded as his homestead. He never gives credit on the faith that this property will be subject to his execution; but he looks simply to the other property of the debtor, or to the state of his business and his char- acter for honesty. It may be added that the supreme court of this state has construed the homestead laws liberally, with the view of carrying out the benevolent purposes of the legislature. If the debtor is ignorant or timid, when the sheriff comes with an execution to levy, and fails to claim his right of homestead, his family are not, therefore, to be turned out of doors. The 42 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. sheriff must summon appraisers and set the homestead apart, whether the debtor claims it or not; and if he does not do this, his sale will pass no title to the purchaser so far as the debtor's homestead is concerned. If the debtor makes a conveyance of property embracing his family homestead, for the purpose of hindering or defrauding his creditors, this does not work a forfeiture of his homestead right; his wrongful act is not thus to be appealed to in prejudice of his wife and children. If the cruelty of the husband drives the wife from the homestead, this does not put an end to her interest in the homestead. She may return and claim it after his death, and his administrator must set it apart for her. EXEMPTIONS OP PERSONAL PROPERTY. Pursuing the same wise and benevolent policy, the statutes provide that the following personal property shall be exempt from attachment and execution when owned by the head of a family: "1. Ten head of choice hogs, ten head of choice sheep, and the product thereof in wool, yarn or cloth; two cdws and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe, and one set of plow gears, and all the necessary farm implements for the use of one man. 2. Two work animals of the value of one hundred and fifty dollars. 3. The spinning-wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus, necessary for manufacturing cloth in a private family. 4. All the spun yarn, thread and cloth manufactured for family use. 5. Any quantity of hemp, flax and wool, not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. 6. All wearing apparel of the family, four beds, with usual bedding, and such other household and kitchen furniture, not exceeding the value of one hundred dollars, as may be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory thereof, to be re- turned, on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose duty it may be to levy the same. 7. The. necessary tools and imolements of trade of any mechanic while carrying on his trade. 8. Any and all arms and military equipments required by law to be kept. 9. All such provisions as may be on hand for family use, not exceeding one hundred dollars in value. 10. The bibles and other books used in a family, lettered grave- stones, and one pew in a house of worship. 11. All lawyers, physicians, ministers of the. gospel and teachers,-in the actual prosecution of their calling, shall have the privilege of selecting such books as shall be neces- sary to their profession, in the place of other property herein allowed, at their option; and doctors of medicine, in lieu of other property exempt from execution, may be allowed to select their medicines." In lieu of this property, each head of a family may, at his election, select and hold exempt from execution any other property, real, personal, or mixed, or debts or wages not exceeding in value the amount of three hundred dol- lars. The legislature of the state has wisely considered that the debtor ought HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 43 not to be permitted to plead poverty as against the claims of creditors equally necessitous. It is accordingly provided that the foregoing exemption cannot be claimed when the debt is for wages due to a house servant or common laborer to the extent of $90, and when the action to recover the same is brought wilihin six months after the last services were rendered. Nor can the purchaser of goods make this law an instrument of fraud by claiming goods which he has purchased on credit against an execution for the purchase money. EIGHTS OF MARRIED WOMEN. State legislation is extremely careful of the rights of married women. If a wife is unjustly abandoned by her husband, the circuit court will sequester his property for the purpose of maintaining her and the children of the marriage. If he abandons her, or from worthlessness or drunken- ness fails to support her, the court will not only allow her to sell her own real estate without his joining in the deed, but will require any person holding money or property to which he may be entitled in her right, to pay the money over to her. 1. Under such circumstances she is entitled to the proceeds of her own earnings and those of her minor children. 2. If her real estate is damaged for railroads, or other public works, the damages accrue exclusively to her. 3. If her husband gets into the peni- tentiary, she becomes to all intents and purposes a femmesole. 4. And if he, by ill usage, compels her to live separate and apart from him, she may claim the sole and exclusive enjoyment of her property as if she were un- married. Rents, issues and profits of her real estate cannot be taken in execution for his debts, except when contracted for family necessaries. Moreover, by a very broad statute lately enacted, a wife may hold all her personal property free from her husband's control and exempt from liabil- ity for his de"bts. If he becomes incompetent to lead in the marital part- nership, she may take the reins in her hands, engage in trade, accumulate property, and no act of his will create a charge upon it. Finally, at his death, the family homestead descends to her and the children, if any there be, to be held by her for life; if there be any children, in common with them; if not, by herself alone. She also takes dower in one-third of all the real estate of which her husband may have been seized at any time during marriage, in which she has not conveyed her right of dower, diminished, however, by the homestead which is set apart to her. She takes also a child's share of his personal estate; and, in addition to all this, she is allowed to retain as her absolute property a large amount of personalty. TAXATION. The constitution places it beyond the power of reckless or dishonest 44 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. public agents to burden the people with excessive taxation. Taxes for state purposes, exclusive of the taxes necessary to pay the bonded debt of the state, cannot exceed twenty cents on the hundred dollars valuation; and whenever the taxable property of the state shall amount to $900,000,- 000 the rate shall not exceed fifteen cents. The rate of taxation for county, city, town and school purposes, is likewise strictly limited. Counties, cities, towns, townships and school districts cannot become indebted beyond the revenue provided for each year without a two-thirds vote of all voters therein, nor, in any event, to an amount exceeding five per cent on the value of the taxable property. The statutes of limitation in Missouri provide that an open account can- not be collected after it has run five years ; a note is uncollectible if held for ten years after due; and a judgment expires by limitation in ten years. The standard legal rate of interest in this state is six per cent; but a higher rate not exceeding ten per cent may be contracted for. PUBLIC DEBT LIMITATION. The state debt, according to the State Auditor's last report, [1878], is $16,758,000. This mostly grew out of the various issues of bonds given in aid of railroads, and bears interest at the rate of six per cent per annum. To liquidate this debt the constitution provides for the annual levy of taxes, now fixed by law at twenty cents on the $100 of the valuation. With the sum thus raised the interest of the debt is first to be paid, and of the remainder not less than $250,000 is to beset apart as a sinking fund for the purchase and retirement of the bonds themselves. Hence, in a few years, with the vast increase in the taxable wealth, which is sure to come, the whole of the debt will be extinguished. There is an additional state tax of twenty cents on the $100 for current expenditures, a large share of which is devoted to the support of the common schools. This tax is ample for the purposes for which it is intended, and there is a con- stitutional provision that it shall be reduced to fifteen cents on the $100 as soon as the taxable property of the state shall aggregate a total valuation of $900,000,000. The state, and all its municipal subdivisions, whether counties, cities or towns, are forbidden by the constitution to loan their credit to any corpora- tion, so that there is no method by which the public indebtedness can be increased in the usual way. Owing to the great zeal of the people to for- ward public improvements of all kinds, a municipal indebtedness, aggre- gating, according to the auditor's last report, $35,727,566.49, has been contracted. Of this amount the debt of the city of St. Louis is shown to constitute $22,712,000, leaving for the agricultural portion of the state and the other cities, towns, townships and school districts only a little over $13,000,000. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 45 The present organic law prevents any municipality from contracting liabilities, in any one fiscal year, beyond the amount of the levy made for that year, and in no county can the rate of taxation for local purposes, aside from the school tax, exceed fifty cents on the $100 valuation, unless two-thirds of the voters shall assent to the levy of a larger sum. Neither can the school tax in country districts exceed forty cents on the $100 without the consent of the tax-payers, to be obtained by a vote of the ma- jority of the residents. COMPARATIVE TAX RATE. It will be interesting to note how the tax rate of our own state com- pares with that of adjoining states. The average tax levy for all purposes in Missouri is about $1.30 on the $100; adding to this 70 cents on the $100 for the payment of bonded indebtedness where it exists, there is an average of $2 on the $100 as the rate, and a certainty of its steady decrease, This is given as an average, and while in a few counties the tax rate is higher, in the majority it is much lower. By the report of the state auditor of Kansas, for the year ending June 30, 1878, the tax levy for state purposes is shown to be 55 cents on the $100, and the average levy for local debts and expenses $3.82 on the $100, making a total average tax of $4.37 on the f 100. The taxable property of Kansas in 1878 aggregated the sum of $138,698,810.98, and the local indebtedness was reported by the state auditor at $13,473,497.51. In Nebraska the tax levy for state purposes alone is 62£ cents on the $100, exclusive of taxes to pay local debts and expenses. In Iowa, the average rate of taxation for the year 1878 was $2.67 on the $100. In Illinois the tax levy for 1877, the last given in the auditor's report, was $3.24 on the $100, and the loeal indebtedness of that state was then the sum of $51,811,691. Thus, it is clear that Missouri has a lower rate of taxation than any of the neighboring states above mentioned; and, in addition to this, under her wise constitutional provision, the rate of taxation must continually decrease every year, until only a sufficient amount of taxes to liquidate current expenses will be collected. There are twenty counties that have no indebtedness whatever, and forty more the debt of which is merely nominal; so that their burden of taxation will be lighter than in any other portion of the United States. 46 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. FEDERAL AFFAIRS IN THE STATE. FEDERAL COURTS. The United States is divided into nine supreme court circuits, to each of which one of the supreme court judges is assigned. Missouri is now in the eighth circuit, which includes Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and Colorado ; and George W. McCrary, of Iowa, who was secretary of war, in President Hayes' cabinet, is now the judge of this circuit. Missouri is divided into an east and west United States judicial district; and Samuel Treat, of St. Louis, is United States judge of the east district, while Arnold Krekel, of Jefferson City, presides over the west district. FEDERAL REVENUE. Missouri paid the following amounts of internal revenue to the United States during the year ending June 30, 1880: On distilled spirits, $2,151,- 643.98; on tobacco, $2,391,989.93; on fermented liquors, $711,654.53; on banking, $182,929.25; on other items, $1,360.27. Total, $5,448,344.83. Illinois, Kentucky, New York and Ohio were the only states which paid a larger sum of revenue on spirits; Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia paid larger on tobacco; Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin paid larger on , fermented liquors (chiefly lager beer); California, New York and Pennsylvania are the only states which paid larger on banking transactions. In 1878, Missouri paid $115,729.64 as penalties for violation of U. S. internal revenue laws, which was the highest amount on this item paid by any state — the next highest being Pennsylvania, which was " caught at it " to the amount of $27,867.20. U. S. LANDS AND LAND OFFICES. There are now three U. S. land offices in Missouri, to-wit: at Boon- ville, Ironton and Springfield. The report of the general land office for 1879 showed 41,836,931 acres of government land still open to home- stead entry in Missouri. LEGAL TENDER IN MISSOURI. Gold coins of the United States (unmutilated), and the " greenback" paper currency are legal tender for the payment of any possible amount of indebtedness. Silver coins are legal tender for any amount not exceed- ing $10 at one payment — but the standard silver dollar is legal tender for HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 47 any amount, unless the contract specially provides, other wise. The baser coins of nickel, copper and alloy (3 cent pieces), are legal tender for any sum not exceeding 25 cents. The "trade dollar," and national bank notes are not legal tender; neither is any foreign coin, either of gold or silver, nor the " stamped bullion " gold pieces of California. U. S. CUSTOM HOUSE. St. Louis is a port of entry for foreign goods; and the imports received here during the year 1880, amounted to (foreign value), $1,401,180; on which the import duties paid was $537,257.83. A fine custom house building is in process of erection, and will be completed in 1881. MILITARY. In the south part of St. Louis, on the river, there is a United States arsenal, and six miles below the city, Jefferson Barracks are situated, a sta- tion for a small part of the regular army. A few squares from the arsenal there is a United States marine hospital. MISSOURI'S DISTINGUISHED MEN. Within our allotted space we can only give a brief sketch of those citi- zens of Missouri who have so pre-eminently distinguished themselves as to have achieved a solid national, and in some cases a world-wide fame. First among these is — Daniel, Boone. The adventures of this famous hunter and Indian fighter have become a staple part "of the world's perennial stock of daring exploits and hair-breadth escapes. He was born in Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, February 11, 1735; emigrated to North Carolina and there mar- ried. In 1773 he emigrated with his own and five other families to Ken- tucky, and founded the present town of Boonesborough. In 1795 he removed to the Missouri river country, and settled in St. Charles county, about forty-five miles west of St. Louis, where he died in 1820, aged 85. His remains, together with those of his wife, were many years after- ward removed to Boonesborough, Kentucky, and a monument reared over them. Thomas H. Benton. Col. Benton was, in his lifetime, recognized as one of the foremost statesmen of the nation, and the hearts of all good Missourians kindle with pride at the mention of his name. He was a specimen type of the best sort of Democrat ; he always stood with Gen. 48 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Jackson and opposed the state-rights doctrines of John C. Calhoun; in congress he opposed the repeal of the "Missouri Compromise ;" and during Gen. Jackson's presidency Col. Benton was so vigorous a champion of hard money, as against the old U. S. bank swindle, that he came to be familiarly known all over the United States as "Old Bullion." Col. Benton was born near Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14,1782; studied law at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1810. In the war of 1812 he served as a Colonel under Gen. Jackson ; settled at St. Louis in 1815. In 1820 he was elected as the first U. S. Senator from Missouri, and continued to be re-elected every term for thirty years ; the longest period that any man in the nation has filled a senatorial seat. In 1852-3 he served one term as member of con- gress from the first district. In 1856 he was defeated in his candidacy for governor by the state-rights party, to whose doctrines he was strongly opposed, from the time of the nullification acts of South Carolina in 1832, up to the day of his death. In 1854 he published his great work, "Thirty Years in the United States Senate," in two large volumes, and these are held in high esteem as standard authority by politicians and statesmen of every class. Col. Benton died April 10, 1858, mourned by the whole nation as one of her worthiest sons. James B. Eads, a citizen of St. Louis. His marvelous achievements as a civil engineer have made his name familiar in all civilized countries on the face of the earth ; and his last great work, the jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi river, has revolutionized the commerce of three continents. Mr. Eads was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, May 28, 1820; emigrated with his parents to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1829; and in 1833 settled at St. Louis. In July, 1861, the government advertised for seven gun-boats of about 600 tons burden, drawing not over six feet of water, plated with iron 2£ inches thick, to steam nine miles an hour, and carry thirteen guns.* Mr. Eads contracted to build those seven vessels in sixly-five davs. At this time the timber for them stood uncut in the forest; the iron for their plating was still in the mines, and no machine yet in existence of capacity to roll such enormous plates ; and not a pound of iron or steel yet wrought or cast for the construction of the twenty-one steam engines and thirty- five boilers required to propel the fleet. But within twenty-four hours from the signing of the contract at Washington, he had all the iron works, foundries and machine shops of St. Louis, started on the work; and inside of two weeks he had more than 4,000 men working in alternate gangs by night and day, Sundays included, so that not an hour should be lost. The boats were built at St. Louis, but the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota and Missouri were all drawn upon for material, while large works in Cincinnati and Pittsburg were also whirling every *8ee Major Boynton's "History of the United States Navy." HISTORY OF THE STATE OP MISSOURI. 49 wheel to hasten forward the great undertaking, all being under the direc- tion and control by telegraph or in person of this one man; and he filled the contract. The world's history shows no parallel to the wonderful mastery of resources and the tremendous vigor of executive and super- visory talent which this achievement involved. He projected, planned and built the magnificent railroad bridge across the Mississippi river at St Louis, which ranks among the greatest works of its kind on this round globe. He projected and built the jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi, which enable the largest sea-going vessels to pass in and out freely, thus making possible the barge system of shipping grain and other products from St. Louis and Kansas City direct to foreign countries, and which has within two years revolutionized the entire international commerce of the Mississippi and Missouri valley states. He is now engaged in devel- oping a ship railway across the Isthmus of Panama, which will take the heaviest loaded ships into a dry-dock on wheels and trundle them from ocean to ocean as easily and safely as they are now towed through the ship canal at Suez. Carl Schurz. Born near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829; educated at the University of Bonn ; took part in the revolutionary agitations of Europe in 1848 and following years, involving Germany, Austria, Italy, Hungary, etc.; and in which Kossuth in Hungary, and Garibaldi in Italy were prominent leaders, whose names are familiar to and honored by all Americans. Mr. Schurz came to the United States in 1852; settled as a lawyer at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1859; in 1861 was appointed minister to Spain ; resigned and came home, and in 1862-3-4, was a major-gen- eral of volunteers in the Union army. In 1867 he settled at St. Louis as editor of the Westliche Post; was United States senator from Mis- souri from 1869 to 1875, and was secretary of the interior in President Hayes' cabinet. Mr. Schurz has thus won the highest positions ever held in the United States by any foreign-born citizen, and has reflected honor upon Missouri, his adopted state, by his masterful ability as a public speaker, and his strong, earnest, humanitarian efforts as an executive offi- cer. Prof. Charles V. Riley, was born in London, England, September 12, 1843; came to the United States in 1860. In 1868 established in St. Louis, in company with Benjamin D. Walsh, a scientific journal called the American Entomologist, and was the same year appointed state entomol- ogist of Missouri ; this position he filled to the great benefit and honor of the state for eight years; then he was called to come up higher, and took position as entomologist of the national department of agriculture at Washington. Prof. Riley's valuable investigations and discoveries with regard to the Colorado beetle (potato bug), the Rocky Mountain locust 4 50 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. (grasshoppers), the cotton worm, and the phylloxera, or grape insect, have placed his name in the foremost ranks in the world of science, and among the greatest of benefactors to the agricultural and horticultural industries of the world. This he achieved while serving Missouri as state entomol- ogist, and through the publication by the state of his annual reports. Hence, the name and good repute of our noble commonwealth is insepar- ably associated with his honor and fame, which has reached the farthest confines of every land where potatoes, cotton or grapes are cultivated. MISSOURI IN THE CIVIL WAR. Missouri was powerfully agitated by the controversy on the slavery question in 1818-19-20, which resulted in the "Missouri Compromise." This was a compact, mainly carried through congress by the eloquence and influence of the great senator, Henry Clay, of Kentucky, by which it was agreed that Missouri should be admitted to the Union as a slave- holding state; but that slavery should be forever excluded from any states which might thereafter be formed out of new territory west of the western boundary of Missouri, and north of the parallel of 36 degrees; 30 minutes of north latitude. This line practically corresponds with the southern boundary of Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Utah, as they now stand. In May, 1854, congress passed a bill organizing the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, in which it was declared that the Missouri Com- promise of 1820 did not apply to them. This was an indirect way of repealing or rendering nugatory the bargain made between the northern and the southern states in that compromise ; and the floodgates of angry debate, contention and strife were at once opened. This became the issue upon which all elections turned. Instead of slavery being prohibited, as the compromise of 1820 had declared it should be, it was thrown open for the territorial legislature to decide whether it should be free or slave territory. In view of this, there was a rush and race of settlers from the free states and the slave states into Kansas, to see which party should get control of the first territorial legislature; and in this movement Missouri, as a slave state, took a prominent part. It was a border country conflict, and there was illegality and violence on both sides, making a chapter in our state history the details of which might profitably be dropped out and forgotten. Suffice to say, the free state party carried the election; and this conflict was a precursor of the great civil war. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 51 In 1860 C. F. Jackson was elected governor of Missouri. Abraham Lincoln had been elected President of the United States at the same time. Governor Jackson took his seat January 4, 1861 ; the question of secession was then already in warm discussion in some of the southern states, and Governor Jackson in his inaugural address maintained that " Missouri must stand by the other slave-holding states, whatever course they may pursue." The general assembly ordered an election to be held February 18th, for members of a state convention; the proposed object of this con- vention was " to consider the then existing relations between the United States, the people and government of the different states, and the govern- ment and people of the state of Missouri; and to adopt such measures for vindicating the sovereignty of the state and the protection of its institutions as shall appear to them to be demanded." This convention met, first at Jefferson City, and afterward at St. Louis, and had a decided majority of Unionists — that is, of men opposed to secession; some because they believed in the doctrine of "Federal Nationality," as against the doctrine called "State Rights;" others because, like A. H. Stevens, of Georgia, they saw with a clear eye that secession must inevitably result in the overthrow of slavery. And thus the Union men themselves were strongly divided into northern and southern sympathizers. The convention sat at St. Louis, without any important results, from March 9th to 22d, when it adjourned, subject to the call of its committee on federal relations. National events rushed on rapidly to a crisis which would admit of no temporizing. In April, Fort Sumter was fired upon; President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops ; and men must now take sides for or against the national sovereignty of the lawfully constituted Federal authorities. Our legislature was in session; its measures and discussions .were almost entirely of the " State Rights " type ; and in a message to the legislature on May 3, 1861, Governor Jackson said the President's call for troops "is unconstitutional and illegal, tending toward a consolidated despotism. * * Our interest and sympathies are identical with those of the slave-holding states, and necessarily unite our destiny with theirs." While these influences were working in the central and western parts of the state, and organizations of " state guards " were being rapidly formed to resist the federal authority, Gen. Nathaniel Lyon and Col. F. P. Blair were actively enlisting men and organizing regiments in St. Louis and vicinity, to main- tain the federal authority. The most intense alarm and consternation prevailed throughout the state. Several minor conflicts occurred between state militia or "guards" and Union troops, all hinging upon the question of which power had the right of paramount sovereignty. The state troops were mostly under command of General Sterling Price, subordinate only to the governor of the state; while the federal troops were under 52 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. command of General Lyon, by authority of the President of the United States.* Governor Jackson finally tried to make terms with Gen. Lyon, that no federal troops should be stationed in or allowed to pass through the state. This was refused; and the governor then immediately issued a formal call, June 12, for 50,000 state militia. About April 20th, nearly two months before this, the " state guards " had seized the United States arsenal at Liberty, in Clay county, and taken its stores and arms for their own use. This was several weeks before the celebrated "Camp Jackson " affair. The wager of battle was now fairly joined in Missouri between different parties of her own citizens, although volunteers from other states soon began to pour in. The following is a chronological list of the more important actions and events: April 12, 1861. — Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter, which was yielded up and evacuated on the 14th. April 15. — President Lincoln's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volun- teers to sustain the government, and calling a special session of congress. SUCCEEDING EVENTS IN MISSOURI.f April /p. — Gov. Jackson wrote to David Walker, President of the Arkansas Convention, thus: "I have been from the beginning in favor of decided and prompt action on the part of the southern states, but the majority of the people of Missouri, up to the present time, have differed with me. " April 20. — The U. S. arsenal, at Liberty, in Clay county, was seized and garrisoned by about a hundred " state guards," and the arms and cannon were distributed to their friends throughout the county, with the concurrence of the governor.:]: April 22. — Governor Jackson officially resented the president's call for troops, and called an extra session of the legislature, to arm and equip state troops. State militia ordered to go into encampment on May 3, for one week. * It is not the purpose of this history to give a detailed narrative of events of the war time; neither to discuss the right or the wrong of the views of either party in the conflict. We only give a brief mention of some of the most important incidents and leading actors, to show how and wherein the people of Missouri were themselves divided in opinion, what motives moved them, and what events stand out as of chief historic celebrity! Indeed, we would gladly skip this period of our state history entirely, if it were permissible in such a work. fThe events here given, in their chronological order, have been collated from more than thirty different volumes containing different items or parts of. Missouri's war history. The narratives, dates and statistics were found often conflicting; and we have endeavored to use those only which seemed to be the best authenticated, or the most probable under the circumstances — and to localize eveflts as closely as possible by naming the towns streams, counties, etc., where they occurred. |The governor had already (April 20th) seized the United States arsenal at Liberty, and had distributed among his friends the arms it contained. "—Draper's History of the Civil War, Vol. II, p. 228. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 53 April 25, Night. — Capt. Lyon secretly removed the war stores in U. S. arsenal at St. Louis, by steamboat, over to Alton, Illinois. April 28. — Gov. Jackson wrote secretly to J. W. Tucker, Esq., of St. Louis: " I want a little time to arm the state, and I am assuming every responsibility to do it with all possible dispatch. * * * We should keep our own counsels. * * * Nothing should be said about the time or the manner in which Missouri should go out. That she ought to go, and will go at the .proper time, I have no doubt. She ought to have gone last winter, when she could have seized the public arms and public property and defended herself. " * May j. — Legislature met. Governor Jackson denounced the presi- dent's call for troops as '■'■unconstitutional and illegal. " Meanwnile Col. F. P. Blair, Jr., member of congress from the 1st district, of St. Louis, had enlisted one full regiment, and had four others in course of organiza- tion, within ten days from the issue of the president's call. May 10. — A body of "state guards," under command of Gen. D. M. Frost, acting under Governor Jackson's authority, had established a camp near St. Louis, called " Camp Jackson. " Capt. Lyon, who had been since February in charge of the U. S. arsenal at St. Louis, with a few soldiers of the regular army (less than 500), discovered that the Camp Jackson men were receiving arms and ammunition by steamboats from the south, in boxes marked " marble. " Accordingly, on the morning of May 10th, he with his regulars, and Col. Blair with his Missouri volun- teers, surrounded, surprised and captured the camp, taking as prisoners of war 639 privates and 50 officers. The arms captured consisted of 20 cannon, 1200 new rifles, several chests of muskets, and large quantities of shot, shell, cartridges, etc. May 12. — Gen. Wm. S. Harney took command of the Union forces in Missouri. Meanwhile the legislature had passed an act making every able-bodied man subject to military duty. All public revenues for 1860-61 (about $3,000,000) were authorized to be used by the governor for military purposes. May 21. — Gen. Harney made a truce or compromise of peace with Gen. Price, commander of the state troops. June i. — The president repudiated Gen. Harney's truce with Price; also removed him from his command and gave it to Gen. Lyon, who had on May 17th been appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. June 4. — Governor Jackson issued a circular claiming the Harney- Price compact to be still in force. June 11. — Gen. Price and Gov. Jackson sought a "peace conference" with Gen. Lyon and Col. Blair. The governor stipulated as a vital con- *See official address of the state convention, issued to the people July 31, 1861. 54 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. dition of peace, that no Federal troops should be stationed in or pass through Missouri. The proposition was rejected. June 12. — Gasconade railroad bridge burnt; also, Osage river bridge; and telegraph lines cut that connected with St. Louis. June ij. — Governor Jackson issued a call for 50,000 state militia, to repel federal invasion; referred to the president as " the military despotism which has introduced itself at Washington;" and said to the people, "your first allegiance is due to your own state." He appointed -ex-Governor Ster- ling Price as major general ; and M. L. Clark, John B. Clark, Parsons, Slack, Harris, Rains, McBride, Stein and Jeff. Thomson, as brigadier- generals. The state militia were called to rendezvous at Boonville and Lexington. The governor and other officers left Jefferson City for Boon- ville this day,* while at the same time General Lyon was embarking with 1,500 men at St. Louis, to take and hold the state capital. June 15. — General Lyon arrived at Jefferson City. June 16. — Re-embarked his troops for Boonville. June 17. — Battle of Boonville. Colonel Marmaduke defeated. State troops retreated to Warsaw, with loss of fifty killed. Federal loss, two killed. June 18-19. — Colonel O'Kane, with 350 state militia, surprised in the night, a half-formed Union regiment at Cole Camp, in Benton county, under ■Capt. Cook. Pollard's " Southern History " says, in this affair the Union- ists lost 206 killed, a large number wounded, and over 100 taken prison- ers, beside 362 muskets captured; O'Kane lost 15 killed and 20 wounded. July j. — Governor Jackson and General Price were at Montevallo, in Vernon county, with (Pollard says) 3,600 state troops. July 5-6.— Battle of Carthage (or Dry Fork), in Jasper county; union loss, 13 killed and 31 wounded; state troops, under Price and Jackson, lost about 300 killed and wounded. Gen. Seigel, the union commander, fell back sixty miles, to Springfield and joined Gen. Lyon. July 8. — A small fight occurred at Bird's Point, in Mississippi county. Confederates lost 3 killed and $ wounded. Federal loss, if any, not reported. July 22. — The state convention, which had adjourned subject to the call of its committee on federal relations, re-convened at Jefferson City. July 25. — Maj. Gen. Fremont arrived at St. Louis, as commander of the western department, which comprised Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, and the territories westward. July jo. — State convention, by a vote of 56 to 25, declared the state offices and seats in legislature vacant, by reason of their occupants being engaged in treasonable and armed hostilities against the lawfully consti- " *The capture of Camp Jackson and the flight of the chief executive from the capital, was the occasion of a partial destruction of the Osage and Gasconade bridges [railroad], as well as those over Gray's creek, west of Jefferson City." — Annual report of state commis- sioner of statistics, 1866, p. 255. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 55 tuted federal authorities, and that all legislative and executive acts in pur suance of such treason or armed hostility, pretended to be done in the name and by authority of the state of Missouri, p>ere null and void. They elected to fill the state office vacancies, H. R. Gamble, governor; W. P. Hall, lieutenant governor; Mordecai Oliver, secretary of state; and appointed the first Monday of November as a day of general election. July ji. — Lieut. Governor Reynolds, whose office had been declared vacant by the state convention, issued a proclamation, dated at New Mad- rid, July 31, in which he said: " I return to the state, to accompany in my official capacity, one of the armies which the warrior statesman [Jef- ferson Davis], whose genius now presides over the affairs of our half of the Union, has prepared to advance against the common foe. * * * You behold the most warlike population on the globe, the people of the lower Mississippi valley, about to rush with their gleaming bowie-knives and unerring rifles, to aid us in driving out the abolitionists and their Hes- sion allies. * The road to peace and internal security is only through union with the south. * * Rally to the stars and bars, in union with the glorious ensign of the grizzly bear."* August 2. — Battle of Dug Springs, in Lawrence county. General McCulloch, of Arkansas, in command of Confederates, marching to attack Springfield, was checked, and fell back to Sarcoxie ; loss, 40 killed, 44 wounded. General Lyon fell back to Springfield; loss, 8 killed, 30 wounded. August j. — Confederate troops under Col. Martin E. Green, attacked Missouri state militia, under Col. Moore, at Athens, in Clark county, and were defeated with a loss of 43 killed. August 6. — Governor Jackson, being now at Carthage, and just hear- ing of the action of the state convention, also issued a proclamation, de- claring the union between Missouri and the other states totally dissolved, and proclaiming the state of Missouri to be " a sovereign, free and inde- pendent republic? • August /o.— Battle of Wilson's Creek. Gen. Lyon, Federal, had 5,500 infantry, 400 cavalry, and 18 cannon. Gen. McCulloch, Confeder- ate, says that his "effective force was 5,300 infantry, 15 pieces of artillery, and 6,000 horsemen." (The Union officers imagined and reported more than double this number against them; one said 23,000, and another 24,000.) The Confederates lost 421 killed, 1,317 wounded and 30 mis- sing. The Federals reported 223 killed, 721 wounded and 292 missing, and 5 cannon lost. Gen. Lyon was killed in this engagement. August 14.. — Federals evacuated Springfield and retreated to Rolla, but *Early in March the confederate congress had adopted the " stars and bars " as the flag of their confederacy. The state seal of Missouri has two grizzly bears among its emblems. 56 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. were not pursued. Earthwork fortifications were this day commenced around St. Louis. August ji. — Gen. Fremont issued a general order proclaiming martial law in Missouri; the property of all persons who had taken up arms against the United States was declared to be confiscated, and '■'■their slaves to be free men." (President Lincoln at once annulled this last clause.) September ij. — Siege of Lexington commenced by Gen. Price. His force has been variously estimated from 22,000 to 28,000, with 13 cannon. Col. Mulligan, Federal, had 2,780 troops, with six brass cannon, two howitzers, and forty rounds of ammunition. The same day, at Boonville, the Confederates, led by Col. Brown, attacked the Federal gar- rison in command of Col. Eppstein, and were repulsed with a loss of 12 killed and 30 wounded; Federal loss, 1 killed and 4 wounded. September 17. — Battle of Blue Mills Landing, or Missouri Bottom, in Clay county. A body of Confederates, variously estimated at 600 to 1,000 men, were on their way to join Gen. Price, at Lexington ; and being pur- sued by a body of 700 Iowa and Missouri Unionist volunteers, they laid in ambush, and were attacked. The Federals lost 16 killed and 80 wounded; the Confederates lost 10 killed and 60 wounded, repulsed their assailants, and then crossed over to Blue Mills, in Jackson county, on the south side of the Missouri, and marched on to Lexington. September iS-ip. — Main battle of Lexington. September 20. — Col. Mulligan surrendered. Gen. Price honorably rec- ognized the pluck and splendid heroism of his opponents, who were out of both provisions and ammunition, and for two days had had no water except the night dews which settled in their blankets and was wrung out into camp dishes in the morning. He released the privates on parole, but retained the officers as prisoners. Of the Federals there were 42 killed and 108 wounded. Gen. Price reported 25 killed and 72 wounded, from his regular muster rolls. ' But nearly half the men there with him were not formally enrolled as soldiers, and the losses among them could never be ascertained with any certainty, though known to be pretty large. September 21. — A fight occurred at Papinsville, in Bates county, in which, as reported, 17 Unionists were killed, and 40 Confederates killed and 100 captured. September 27. — Gen. Fremont left St. Louis for Jefferson City, in pur- suit of Price, with an army of 15,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 86 pieces of artillery; his chief officers were Generals Hunter, Pope, Siegel, McKinstry and Asboth. But Price was too good a general to be caught at a disadvantage; he however skillfully managed to lead the Federals on wild goose chases after him all over southern Missouri. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 57 October ij. — Secretary of War Cameron, and Adj't. Gen. Thomas, visited Fremont at Tipton. On the same day the Federal garrison at Lebanon, in LaClede county, was attacked unsuccessfully by Confederates, who lost 27 killed, 12 wounded, and 36 taken prisoners. Federal loss, 1 killed and several wounded. October 14.. — On this day Fremont's army reported thus: 1st division, Gen. Hunter, at Tipton 9,750 men 2d " Gen Pope, at Georgetown 9,220 men 3d " Gen. Siegel, at Sedalia 7,980 men 4th " Gen. Asboth, at Tipton 6,451 men 5th " Gen. McKinstry, at Syracuse 5,388 men Total. 38,789 men They were all hunting for Gen. Price, to give him battle ; he was not yet ready for a pitched battle, but he worried the Federals a great deal by decoying them into many a long and fruitless march. About this time several small fights occurred in different parts of the state, but of which few particulars can be obtained. The " American Annual Cyclopedia," for 1861, gives the following statistics: Oct. 15, Big River bridge, Federal loss, 1 killed, 7 wounded, 52 missing; Confed- erate loss, 20 killed, 4 wounded. October 16, Bolivar Heights [in Polk county], Federal loss, 7 killed; Confederate loss, 150 killed. Oct. 17, Pilot Knob, Federal loss, 1 killed, 10 wounded; Confederate loss, 36 killed. Oct. 19, Big Harrison Creek, Federal loss, 2 killed, 14 wounded; Confederate loss, 14 killed, 8 missing. Oct. 23, West Liberty [in Putnam county], Federal loss, 2 wounded; Confederate loss, 15 killed, 30 wounded.* October 16. — Recapture of Lexington by Major White, releasing Union prisoners, including two colonels of Mulligan's brigade. October 21. — Battle of Fredericktown, in Madison county; Confeder- ate Col. Jeff Thompson was defeated with loss of 200 killed, and made a hasty retreat, leaving 60 of his dead behind him. Federal loss, 30 killed. October 24. — Battle of Springfield. Major Zagonyi, with 300 cavalry, known as " Fremont's Body Guard, " attacked an irregular force estima- ted at 1,200 foot and 400 horsemen, and defeated them, losing 84 of his men killed or wounded; 100 of his troops were Kentuckians. The Con- federate loss was known to be considerable, but could never be fully ascer- tained; their dead were buried the next day, under a flag of truce. October 27. — Gen. Siegel reached Springfield with his division. Fre- mont was concentrating his army at Springfield, to fortify and hold it as *In the greater number of battles in this state the Federals had the advantage of more artiiiery than the Confederates, and men better skilled in its use; and this is why the losses- on the Confederate side so often seem out of proportion . 58 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. the key to southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas, where Price and McCulloch were operating. November 2. — Fremont was removed from command and Gen. Hunter placed in his stead. November 2- — A sharp fight occurred on Bee Creek, between Weston and Platte City, in Platte county ; the Confederate loss is given as 13 killed and 30 missing; Federal loss not known. JVovember 7. — Gen. Hunter evacuated Springfield and fell back to Rolla. This same day the battle of Belmont occurred; Federal loss, 84 killed, 388 wounded, and 285 taken prisoners. Pollard's "Southern History" says the Confederate loss in this battle was 632. But the National Hand- Book reports the Confederate losses as 261 killed, 427 wounded, and 278 missing. November 18. — Gen. H. W. Halleck arrived at St. Louis and took com- mand, in place of Gen. Hunter. November 21. — Gen. Halleck issued an order that no fugitive slaves should be permitted to enter the lines of any camp, nor of any forces on the march. (President Lincoln had some time before this annulled Gen. Fremont's order declaring certain slaves free.) November 27. — Gen. J. M. Scbofield placed in command of Missouri Federal troops. November and December. — During these months there occurred several irregular conflicts of no great importance, but still deemed worthy of cas- ual mention in Horace Greely's History of the War, because they served to show how the Missouri people were divided among themselves, and thereby suffered the more. The village of Warsaw was burned Nov. 19, and Platte City, Dec. 16, by guerillas ; a small fight occurred at Salem Dec. 3, at Rogers' mill Dec. 7, and at or near Glasgow, Potosi, Lexing- ton, Mount Zion, and Sturgeon, on Dec. 28th. December j. — Col. Freeman with a regiment of Confederate cavalry, made a night attack on Federal troops under Col. Bowen, near Salem, in Dent county, and was defeated, with a loss of 16 killed, 20 wounded and 10 prisoners. Federal loss, 3 killed, 8 wounded, 2 missing. Col. Free- man had suffered a sore defeat near Springer's mill, in the east part of the county, in August; but no further particulars could be obtained. December 15. — Gen. Pope captured 300 recruits and 70 wagons loaded with supplies, going from Lexington to join Gen. Price, who was then at Osceola with 8,000 men. December 18. — Col. J. C. Davis, of Pope's army, surprised a Confeder- ate camp at Milford, and captured 3 colonels, 17 captains, 1,300 soldiers, 1,000 stand of arms, 1,000 horses, besides all their tents,' baggage and supplies. Federal loss, 2 killed, 17 wounded. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 59 December 20.— By a concerted night attack, the Hannibal & St. Joe railroad was broken, and bridges destroyed for about a hundred miles* OPERATIONS IN 1862. March j. — Price and McCulloch, at Boston Mountain, Arkansas, were joined by Maj. Gen. Van Dorn, Confederate commander of the Trans- Mississippi department, and by Gen. Pike, with a brigade of Indians from the Indian Territory. This army now numbered about 20,000, all under Gen. Van Dorn. March 7-8.— Battle of Pea Ridge. Although Pea Ridge is really in Arkansas (just over the line), the battle was fought by the Confederates to regain a foothold in Missouri, and it properly belongs to the history of Missouri military operations. The Federal forces under Gen. Curtis engaged in this battle were 10,500 men and 49 cannon. Gen. Van Dorn's army is variously given by different southern authorities, all the way from 16,000 to 30,000. The Federal loss was 203 killed, 972 wounded, 176 missing. Count Paris' history states that the Confederates "left more than one thousand men in killed and wounded upon that long-contested battle-field." The Confederate Generals McCulloch and Mcintosh were mortally wounded in this battle, and Gen. Buckner was captured. The Confederates lost 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, and 1,600 taken prisoners. August 6. — Battle of Kirksville. Col. Porter, with 2,000 or 3,000 Con- federates, mostly raw recruits who had been destroying bridges, was attacked by Col. McNeil with 1,000 cavalry and 6 cannon. Battle lasted four hours. Confederates retreated, with loss of 180 killed and 500 wounded, and some wagon loads of arms and other supplies. Federal loss, 28 killed and 60 wounded. August 10. — Federals attacked 1,200 Confederates under Col. Poindex- ter while crossing the Chariton river. After a running fight of three or four daj'S, Col. Poindexter's troops were all killed, captured or dispersed, and himself taken prisoner ._ August 11. — Col. Hughes captured the Federal garrison of 312 men of the 7th Missouri cavalry, stationed at Independence. August 15. — Battle of Lone Jack, in Jackson county. Col. Coffey and Col. Hughes, with 4,500 men, attacked the Federals under Major Foster, wounding him, capturing his two cannon, and compelling him to retreat to Lexington. The victorious Confederates were in turn pursued by "*By order of Gen. Sterling Price, it [the North Missouri Railroad] was partially destroyed in June and July, 1861; and on the 20th of December, 1861, for a hundred miles, every bridge and culvert was broken down, and a perfect wreck made of everything that could be destroyed. In September and October, 1864, two trains of cars and seven depots were burned, and several engines injured." — Annual Report State Commissioner of Statis- tics, 1866; p. 258. 6Q HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. stronger bodies of the National troops, and rapidly retreated toward Arkansas. September 24. — Gen. Curtis placed in command of all Union troops in Missouri. October 1. — Battle of Newtonia, in Newton county. Gen. Salomon, of Wisconsin, was defeated by Confederate cavalry. Losses not known. Gen. Hindman was advancing from Arkansas with li$,000 to 20,000 Con- federates, poorly armed. Gen. Schofield came up with 10,000 troops to attack him at Newtonia, but he retreated back into Arkansas, closely pursued by the Federals. December 7. — Battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. This, being just over the line, was practically a Missouri battle; it was fought between the same armies which had been so long contending for the mastery in this state. Our own state Generals, Marmaduke, Parsons and Frost, were in com- mand, under Gen. Hindman. The Federal commanders were Generals Blunt and Herron. Federal loss, 495 killed, 600 wounded; the Confeder^ ates lost 1,500 in. killed and wounded, and suffered a defeat. EVENTS IN 1863. January 8. — Battle of Springfield. General Brown with 1,200 Mis- souri State militia, was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 1,870 Confedr erate troops. The battle lasted eight hours. Federal loss, 14 killed, 145 wounded, 5 missing. Confederates lost, 41 killed and 160 wounded, 80 of the latter being left as prisoners. January 11. — Battle of Hartsville. Firing commenced at 11 a. m., and continued until 4:30 p. m. Confederates under Generals Marmaduke and Porter lost 300 killed and wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. Among the killed were Gen. McDonald and Col. Porter, besides six other officers. The Federals were under Col. Samuel Merrill, (afterward Governor of Iowa), and lost 7 killed, 64 wounded and 7 missing. The Confederates retreated back into Arkansas. March 28. — Steamboat " Sam. Gaty " captured by Confederates at Sibley's landing, near Independence. April 26. — The Federal garrison at Cape Girardeau under Gen. Mc- Neil was attacked by Gen. Marmaduke with 10,000 men, and a battle of five hours ensued, in which the assailants lost 60 killed and over 300 wounded. They retreated back into Arkansas, being pursued to the state line by Missouri militia, and a few more were killed or captured. May ij. — Gen. Schofield was placed in command in Missouri, succeed- ing Gen. Curtis. August 13. — Col. Coffey, Confederate, attacked the 6th Missouri, cav- alry under Col. Catherwood, at Pineville, in McDonald county, and , was HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 61 repulsed, with loss of 200 killed, wounded and prisoners, besides his wagons, munitions and cattle. October 13. — Battle near Arrow Rock, Saline county. Confederates reported 2,500 in number, under Cols. Shelby and Coffey, were attacked by Missouri state militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, and defeated with a loss of 300 in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides all their artillery and baggage. Fight lasted five hours. Federal loss not known, though reported as " also large." EVENTS IN 1864. January ,?, Secretary State Academy of Sciences at Des Moines, Iowa. [Published by permission of the Author.] Explanation. — The side line at the left shows what portions of geological time are comprehended Fn the terms "eozoic," "paleo- zoic," etc . The first column shows the periods or "Ages" of teological time during wffich the ifferent successive types of ani- mal life predominated, or were the highest types then in existence. And these two divisions form the "Zoic Calendar of Creation." The second column shows the great general groupings of rock strata, in which are found the fossil remains of the corresponding ani- mal types named in the first col- umn. But, at the "Age of Rep- tiles" occurs a grand divergement, for it was during this age that an- imal life pushed out into its most wonderful developments ; and there came into existence strange and marvelous forms of swimming reptiles, four-footed and two-foot- ed walking reptiles, and two-foot- ed and four-footed flying reptiles. Here also the true birds began to appear, though with reptilian pe- culiarities ; and likewise the mar- supial animals, which are a tran- sitional type, between reptiles that produce their young by laying, eggs and the true mammals, that bring forth their young well ma- tured and then suckle them. The third column shows the les- ser groupings of rock beds as clas- sified by our American geologists ; but many minor subdivisions and local groups are omitted for want of space. At the top of this col- umn are shown the geological pe- riods of first appearance of races of man, so far as now amhentica,- ted by competent scientific au- thorities.* The- fourth column shows the number of feet in thickness of the different groups of rock layers as indicated by the braces. This Chart is tbe most compre- hensive and thorough in its de- tails, and yet the most systemati- cally and graphically presented to the eye, of anything in its line that has ever yet been published. Here is the whole story of geol- ogy and the ascent of life con- densed into the space of a few inches, yet so plainly set forth as to readily fix itself in the memory like an outline map. Scientific terms in newspapers and maga- zines often catch the reader at a disadvantage; but a reference to this chart will at once show the relative place or period in crea- tional progress to which the best authorized geological terms apply. It reaches, like a Jacob's ladder, from the lowest inklings to the highest ideals of life on the earth, as taught by modern science and the Christian Bible. See Psalms 8:5 Luke 20:36 Mark 19:25 1 Cor,15:44 Heb.?:2to9 Rer.S2:8,9 THIS CALENDAR IS TO BE READ FROM THE BOTTOM UPWARD. AGE OF ANGELS. -A-g-e of MAN. Age of MAMMALS Age of Reptiles. Age of Amphibians. Age of FISHES. AGE OF INVERTEBRATES I - [ AGE or ZOOLITHS "This Age alone was FH probably longer in dura- tion than all subsequent Keolosrical time." — Prof. ,eO0J Primoraial Vegetation Recent. Quaternary. TERTIARY. HISTORIC PERIOD. MYTHIC PERIOD. Rude Agricul- ture. 'Terrace Epoch. Hunter Tribes. Champlain Epoch. GLACIAL EPOCH. Feet In thickness o I t h e geological groups of rock form- ations. BOO Pliocene. Miocene. Eocene. Cretaceous. JURASSIC. TRIASSIC Carboniferous Devonian. Upper Silurian. Lower Silurian. Eozoon Roclcs. Graphite Beds. PEBMIAN. Coal Measures. Sub-Carboniferous. Catsklll. Chemung. Hamilton. Oriskauy. Helderberg. Salina. Niagara. Trenton. Metamorpbic Granites. 8,000 1,000 800 to 1.000 1.8,000 to f 5,000 6,000 to 14,570 9,050 to 14,400 6,000 to 10,000 .12,000to 15,000 .lO.OOOto 20,000 30,000 Unstrati- fled. FIRE CRUST. AZOIC AGE. I § Copyright 187fl::H.A.Reid I 350,000,000 years in cooling down to 200* F. at the gar- J- Depth face [Phof. Hblmholtz], a j unknown, temperature at which very low forma of vegetation can ] exist. J * " The existence of Pliocene man in Tuscany U, then, in my opinion, an acquirad scientific fact." — See Appletona' International Scientific Series, Vol. XXVII, p. 151. "The Miocene man Of La Beauce already knew the use of fire, and worked flint." — lb. p. 243. See also. Prof. Wmchell'a "Pre-Adamltes," pp. 486-7-8 . " The human race in America is shown to be at leant of as ancient a date as that of the European Pliocene."— Prof. J.D.Whitney. Similar views are held by Profs. Leidy, Marsh. Cope. Morse, Wyman, and other scientists of highest repute. 68 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Thus, then, with the very first emergence of dry land out of the heav- ily saturated and steaming mineral waters of the primeval ocean, we have Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and a few smaller peaks in their vicin- ity, forming an island in the vast expanse. The next nearest island was a similar one at the Black Hills, in Dakota. There is no reason as yet known for believing that any form of life, either animal or vegetable, had yet appeared in our Missouri region. The ocean water was still too hot, and still too powerfully surcharged with mineral salts, alkalis and acids to admit of any living tissues being formed; and the atmosphere was m like manner thickly loaded with deadliest acids in the form of vapors, which would partially condense as they arose, and fall upon the iron- headed islands to form a mineral crust, and then be broken and washed back into the sea. But this process being kept up and incessantly repeated for millions of j^ears (see Prof. Helrriholtz's estimate at bottom of the chart), both sea and air became gradually purified of its excess of minerals and acids; and the water sufficiently cooled to admit of living tissues being formed; and meanwhile the condensing arid crust-forming elements precipitated from the vapor-laden air or deposited directly from the bulk waters of the shoreless sea, were busily forming the solid earth. The different incrustations would each be a little different in their com- ponent elements; and then being broken up and mixed together and recombined, partly in the form of rough fragments, partly in the form of dust or sand ground into this state by mechanical attrition, partly in the form of fluidized or vaporized solutions, and partly in the form of molten masses produced directly by the earth's internal fires, the process of com- bining and recombining, with continual variation in the proportions, went on through the long, dreary, sunless and lifeless Azoic Age. But as soon as the great ocean caldron got cooled down to about 200 degrees Fahrenheit, it was then possible for a very low form of vegetation to exist; and although no fossil remains of the first existing forms of such vegetation have yet been found, or at least not conclusively identified as such, yet graphite or plumbago, the material from which our lead pencils are made, .is found in connection with the transition rocks between the Azoic and the Zoolithian ages. Graphite is not a mineral at all, but is pure vegetable carbon, and is supposed to be the remnant carbon of these first and lowest forms of tough, leathery, flowerless sea-weeds. Some small deposits of graphite are reported to have been found in connection with the iron and metamorphic granites of our Pilot Knob island; and that would indicate the first organic forms that came into existence within the boundaries of what now we call the state of Missouri. Just think of it! All North America, except a dozen widely scattered spots or islands* was covered with an ocean that spread its seamy expanse all around the globe; no sunlight could penetrate the thick, dense cloud of vapors HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. QQ that filled the enveloping atmosphere; according to our English author before cited, this was 600,000,000 years ago, a period which the humau mind cannot grasp ; but the Almighty Maker of worlds had even then commenced to make the state of Missouri and its living occupants. The earliest known forms of animal life, a kind of coral-making rhizo- pod (root-footed) called Eozoon Canadense, are not found in Missouri, but are found abundantly in what are called the Laurentian rocks, in Canada and elsewhere. (See chart). It is not to be supposed, however, that the enormous period called the " Age of Zooliths " passed, with forms of ani- mal life existing in Canada, but none in our iron island region, unless we assume that the mineral acidity of the waters coming in contact with this island was so intense as to require all that vast period for its purification sufficiently to permit the existence of the lowest and' most structureless forms of protoplasmic matter known to science. Prof. Swallow says, in writing on the Physical Geography of Missouri, " below the magnesian limestone series we have a series of metamorphosed slates, which-are doubtless older than the known fossiliferous strata; whether they belong to the Azoic, the Laurentian or Huronian, I am unable to say." The labors of our different state geologists have not discovered any fossil remains in Missouri lower down in the rock scale than what is called the " Lower Silurian " formations, which form the first half of the "Age of Invertebrates " in the zoic-calendar portion of Prof. Reid's chart. The term " Invertebrates " includes all forms of animal life that do not have a back-bone, such as polyps, mollusks, worms, insects, crustaceans, infusoria, etc. By the time this age (Silurian) had commenced, our lone island had been joined by large areas northward, southwestward, eastward andinorthwestward, so that there began to be a continent; and several hundred species of animals and plants have been found fossil in the rocks' of this period, but they are all marine species — none yet inhabiting the dry land. Our chart shows the Lower Silurian epoch sub-divided into Cambrian, Canadian and Trenton formations; but there are other local sub-divisions belonging to this period, the same as to all the other general periods named on the chart. The animals of this period were polyps or coral- makers ; worms, mollusks, trilobites, asterias (star-fishes), all of strange forms and now extinct. The trilobite, some species of which are found in Missouri, was the first animal on the earth which had eyes, although there were likewise a great many eyeless species of them ; but the fact that any of. them. had eyes during this age is considered by some scientists to prove that the. atmosphere had by this time become sufficiently rarefied to let the sunlight penetrate clearly through it and strike the earth. On the other hand, others hold that this did not occur until after the atmos- phere had laid- down its surcharge of carbonic acid and other gases, in the forms of limestone from animal life and coalbed's from vegetable life; that 70 HISTORY OF THE SXATE OF MISSOURI. is, there was nothing which we would now consider as clear sunshine until the carboniferous period. At any rate, Prof. Dana says of the Lower Silurian, "there was no green herbage over the exposed hills; and no sounds were in the air save those of lifeless nature, — the moving waters, the tempest and the earthquake." Having thus given the reader some idea of the beginnings of land and the beginnings of life in our old, old state, space will not permit us to linger with details upon the remain- ing geological periods. We have compiled the following table from vari- ous writings of our able state geologist, Prof. G. C. Swallow, of the State University: ROCK FORMATIONS OF MISSOURI. Igneous Rocks. — Granite, porphyry, syenite, greenstone, combined with those wonderful beds of iron and copper which are found in the Pilot Knob region. Azoic RocKS.^-Silicious and other slates, containing no remains of organic life, though apparently of sedimentary and not of igneous origin. Lower Silurian — Feet thick. Hudson river group (3 local subdivisions) 220 Trenton limestone 360 Black-river and birds- eye limestone 75 1st magnesian limestone 200 Saccharoidal (sugar-like) sandstone 125 2d magnesian limestone ' 230 2d sandstone 115 3d magnesian limestone 350 3d sandstone 60 4th magnesian limestone 300 Total thickness of Silurian rocks 2035 When the reader remembers that these were all formed successively by the slow process of the settling of sediment in water, he will get some idea of how it is that geology gives such astounding measurements of time. Upper Silurian — Feet thick. Lower Helderberg formation 350 Niagara group 200 Cape Girardeau limestone 60 Total thickness 610 history of the state of missouri. 71 Devonian — i Chouteau limestone 85 Vermicular sandstone and shales 75 Lithographic limestone 125 Hamilton group 40 Onondaga limestone (extremely variable). Oriskany sandstone (doubtful). Carboniferous — Coal measures, consisting of strata of sandstones, limestones, shales, clays, marls, brown iron ores and coal 2,000 In this formation there are from eight to ten good workable veins of coal; and the Missouri basin coal-bearing area is the largest in the world. It comprises the following: Square miles. In Missouri 27,000 Nebraska 10,000 Kansas 12,000 Iowa . f 20,000 Illinois * 30,000 Total 99,000 The Sub-Carboniferous in Missouri is subdivided into: Feet. Upper Archimedes limestone 200 Ferruginous (irony) sandstone 195 Middle Archimedes limestone 50 St. Louis limestone 250 Oolitic limestone 25 Lower Archimedes limestone 350 Encrinital limestone 500 Total sub-carboniferous 1570 Cretaceous. — The Triassic and Jurassic formations have not been found in this state; but Prof. Swallow has classed as probably belonging to the Cretaceous epoch, six different formations which comprise a total thick- ness of 158 feet. He says np fossils have been found to certainly identify these beds, but their geological horizon and lithological characters deter- mine their place in the scale. Tertiary. — The beautiful variegated sands and clays and shales and iron ores, which skirt the swamps of southeast Missouri along the bluffs from Commerce *to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas, belong to this system. Quaternary. — In this Prof. Swallow includes what is separated under 72 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. the name of "Recent" by Prof. Dana and others, as shown in the chart. The Quaternary of Missouri is subdivided by Prof. Swallow into — Alluvium 30 feet Bottom Prairie 35 " Bluff (Loess of other authors) 200 " Drift (altered drift, boulder beds, boulder clay) 155 " Total Quaternary formations. 420 " That brings the succession of geological formations consecutively from their beginning up to the present time ; and now our own eyes behold every clay the processes of nature going on very much the same as they have gone along through all the unthinkable lapse of time that has passed since Pilot Knob first pushed its brazen brow up above the strange deso- lation of waters when "darkness was upon the face of the deep." And now our next consideration must be, the present aspects of the land sur- face of our state, together with its streams, its woodlands and its wonder- ful mineral wealth and resources. MINERAL RESOURCES. In the extent, variety, and practical value of her stores of mineral wealth, Missouri is not excelled by any other state in the Union. In the fall of 1880 the New York Economist published an article on Missouri, in which it said: "The state of Missouri is one of the most remarkable pieces of this earth's surface. Surface indeed! Missouri goes far enough under the surface to furnish mankind with one hundred million tons of coal a year for thir- teen hundred years. Think of 26,887 square miles of coal beds— nearly half the state — and some of the beds nearly fifteen feet thick. With regard to iron, it is not necessary to penetrate the surface for that. They have iron in Missouri by the mountain. Pilot Knob, 581 feet high, and containing 360 acres, is a mass of iron; and Iron Mountain, about six miles distant from it, is 228 feet high, covers 500 acres, and is estimated in the last surveys, to contain 230,000,000 tons of ore, without counting the inexhaustible supply that may reasonably be supposed to exist below the level. There is enough iron lying about loose in Missouri for a double track of railroad across the continent. " The lead districts of Missouri include more than 6,000 square miles, and at least five hundred points where it can be profitably worked. In fifteen counties there is copper in rich abundance. There are large depos- its of zinc in the state. There is gold, also, which does not yet attract much attention, because of the dazzling stores of this precious metal farther west. In short, within one hundred miles of St. Louis the following met- als and minerals are found in quantities that will repay working: gold, iron, lead, zinc, copper, tin, silver, platina, nickel, emery, coal, limestone, granite, marble, pipe-clay, fire-clay, metallic paints, and salt." It can hardly be said that gold, silver, tin, platina or emery have been HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 73 found in -paying quantity as yet, although they are known to exist in some of our mining districts, in combinations with other minerals. Our state board of immigration has published many well prepared and judicious papers on the various advantages and resources of our state, which care- fully avoid making any extravagant or overdrawn statements. They give the real facts as accurately as they could be ascertained up to 1879- SO, and form the most reliable body of knowledge on many matters of state interest, that is now accessible; and from this source we gather the more essential points. Coal. — The Missouri coal fields underlie an area of about 26,000 square miles. The southern outcrop of the coal measures has been traced from the mouth of the Des Moines through the counties of Clark, Lewis, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon and Barton, into the Indian Territory, and every county north- west of this line is known to contain more or less coal. Outside of the coal fields given above, coal rocks also exist in Ralls, Montgomery, War- ren, St. Charles, Callaway and St. Louis counties, and local or outlying deposits of bituminous and cannel coal are found in Moniteau, Cole, Mor- gan, Crawford, Lincoln and Callaway counties. The exposed coal in Missouri includes upper, middle and lower coal measures. The upper coal measures contain about four feet of coal, in two seams of about one foot each and other thin seams and streaks. The area of their exposure is about 8,400 square miles. The middle coal measures contain about seven feet of coal, including two workable seams, twenty-one and twenty-four inches thick, respect- ively, and one of one foot, which is worked under favorable circumstan- ces, and six thin seams. The exposure of the middle measures covers an area of over 2,000 square miles. The lower measures cover an area of about 15,000 square miles, and have five workable seams, varying in thickness from eighteen inches to four and a half feet, and thin seams of six to eleven inches. Iron. — It has been said by experts that Missouri has iron enough "to run a hundred furnaces for a thousand years;" and the ores are of every variety known to metallurgical science. Iron Mountain is the largest body of specular iron and the purest mass of ore in the world. It was forced up through the crust of the earth in a molten state during the Azoic Age of geology. The different ores of the state are classed as red hematite, red oxide, specular or glittering ore, brown hematite or limo- nite, hydrous oxide, magnetic ore, and spathic or spar-like ore (carbonate of iron). Many other names are used to indicate different combinations of iron with other minerals. Some of the iron deposits, instead of coming up in a fused mass from the bowels of the earth, as Pilot Knob, Shep- 5 74 HISTORY" OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. herd Mountain and Iron Mountain evidently did, were formed by the steam that attended those fiery upheavals, carrying its load of gaseous matter until it condensed and settled down at different points, and gradu- ally cooled or crystalized. This would occur sometimes in water and sometimes in the air, thus producing the great variety of ferruginous or irony compositions which we now find and utilize. And this mineral steam method of depositing iron and other products from subterranean gases must have occurred in Missouri at different periods of geologic time, and not all during the Azoic. The red ores are found in 21 coun- ties; the brown hematite or limonite iron ores extend over 94 counties, and in 31 of them it occurs in vast quantity. Shepherd Mountain is 660 feet high. The ore, which is magnetic and specular, contains a large percentage of pure iron. The hight of Pilot Knob above the Mississippi river is 1,118 feet. Its base, 581 fe^t from the summit, is 360 acres. The iron is known to extend 440 feet below the surface. The upper section of 141 feet is judged to contain 14,000,000 tons of ore. The elevation of Iron Mountain is 228 feet, and the area of its base 500 acres . The solid contents of the cone are 230,000,000 tons. It is thought that every foot beneath the surface will yield 3,000,000 tons of ore. At the depth of 180 feet, an artesian auger is still penetrating solid ore. Dr. Litton thinks that these mountains contain enough iron above the surface to afford for two hundred years an annual supply of 1,000,000 tons. The ore is almost exclusively specular. It yields 56 per cent, of pure iron. The iron is strong, tough and fibrous. Profs. Schmidt and Pumpelly, in their very learned work on the iron ores of Michigan and Missouri, have classified the iron-bearing region of our state as follows: Eastern Ore-Region. — 1. Ore district along the Mississippi river. 2. Iron Mountain district. 3. Southeastern limonite district. 4. Franklin county district. 5. Scotia district. Central Ore-Region. — 1. Steelville district. 2. Ore-district on the up- per Meramec and its tributaries. 3. Salem district. 4. Iron Ridge district. 5. St. James district. 6. Rolla district. 7. Middle Gasconade district. 8. Lower Gasconade district. 9. Callaway county district. Western Ore-Region. — 1. Lower Osage district. 2. Middle Osage district. 3. Upper Osage district. Southwestern Ore-Region. — 1. White River district. 2. Ozark county distnct. The same authorities have classified the various kinds of iron ores found in Missouri, thus: HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 75 Deposits of specular ore in por- phyry. Deposits of specular ore in sand- stone. Disturbed deposits of specular ore. Drifted deposits of specular ore. Strata of red hematite. Disturbed or drifted deposits of red hematite. Deposits of limonite on limestone. Disturbed or drifted deposits of limonite. Lead. — The annual lead product of Missouri is said now to exceed that of any other state or country; and it is conceded that its lead deposits are the richest in the world. The lead region all lies south of the Mis- souri river; the mineral is found chiefly in the magnesian limestone rocks, which are the great lead-bearing rocks of the world; but it is also found in ferruginous clays, in slates, in gravel beds, and in cherty masses in the clays. Mr. R. O. Thompson, mining engineer, of St. Louis, has written a sketch of the mode of origin of our lead and some other mineral deposits, which is plain, concise, and a clear statement of the teachings of science on this very interesting portion of Missouri's geological and mineralogical history. We quote: "The Azoic rocks in this region, when the great Silurian system began to be formed, were so many islands, their heads only elevated above the vast sedimentary sea. The beds upon which the limestones and sand- stones were deposited consisted of the weatherings of the Azoic rocks, which naturally sought the valleys and became a base for the sedimentary rock. This boundless sea held in solution lime, magnesia, alumina, man- ganese, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, and other mineral substances. In this chemical condition gases were evolved and the work of formation commenced. The two gases forming the great creative power, and aiding solidification, were carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen; the former seeking its affinity in lime and forming limestone ; the sulphur in the latter naturally combining with the other metals, forming sulphates, or sulphur- ets. The work of deposition and solidification being in harmony, it is easy to understand how those minerals exist in a disseminated condition in these rocks. The slates that we find so rich in galena, presenting the myriad forms of lingula, must also have been formed in the Silurian Age. The distribution among the magnesian limestones of these decomposing slates can be most easily accounted for. The decomposed feldspar pro- duced by the weathering of the porphyry became in its change a silicate of alumina, and the sulphur, combining with the lead, disseminated the same in the slate as readily as in the limestone." The Missouri lead region has been divided or classified into five sub- districts,, as follows: I. The Southeastern Lead District, embraces all or parts of Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, St. Genevieve, Madison, Wayne, Reynolds, and Carter counties, with some mines in the western portion of Cape Girardeau county. Mining has been longest carried on in this district, and the aggregate of the production has been very great, although the work has been chiefly surface mining. Mine- 76 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. La-Motte, in this district, was discovered in 1720, by Francis Renault and M. LaMotte, and has been worked more or less ever since. II. The Central Lead District, comprises, as far as known, the coun- ties of Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, Camdem and Osage. Much of the mining done here, again, has been near the surface, the lead first being found in clays, in caves, and in masses in clay but a few inches below the surface. Shafts, however, sunk in the mag- nesian limestone, find rich deposits in lodes and pockets. III. The Southern Lead District, comprises the counties of Pulaski, La Clede, Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglas, Ozark, and Christian. IV. The Western Lead District embraces Hickory, Dallas, Polk, St. Clair, Cedar, and Dade counties. Some rich deposits have been found in this district, especially in Hickory county. V. The Southwestern Lead District comprises Jasper, Newton, Law- rence, Stone, Barry, and McDonald. Here very extensive mining has been done, more especially in the two counties first named, which have, for the last few years, produced more than one-half of the pig-lead mined in the state. For several years past more than one-half the lead production of the United States has been from Missouri mines. Besides the numerous smelting works supported by them, the manufacture of white lead, lead pipe, sheet lead, etc., contributes materially to the industries and com- merce of the state. Copper. — Several varieties of copper ore exist in Missouri mines. Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Benton, Maries, Greene, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and Wright counties. Some of the mines in Shannon county are now profit- ably worked, and mines in Franklin county have yielded good results. Zinc. — Sulphuret, carbonate and silicate of zinc are found in nearly all the lead mines of southwestern Missouri; and zinc ores are also found in most of the counties along the Ozark range. What the lead miners call " black-jack, " and throw away, is sulphuret of zinc. Newton and Jasper counties are rich in zinc ores; and Taney county has an extensive vein of calamine, or carbonate of zinc. Cobalt. — Valuable to produce the rich blue colors in glass and porce- lain, and for other purposes in the arts, is found in considerable quantities at Mine-La-Motte. Manganese. — Used in glass manufacture and the arts ; it is found in St. Genevieve and other counties. Nickel. — Found in workable quantities at Mine-La-Motte. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 77 BUILDING STONE. Missouri abounds in solid, durable materials for buildings; she has quarries of red and gray granites, and very fine limestones, sandstones and marbles. In Crawford, Washington and Franklin counties there are workable beds of " onyx marble," a stalagmite formation found in caves, and very rich and valuable for mantles, table-tops, vases, ornaments, etc. This marble is not found anywhere else in the United States, and has been imported from Algiers and Mexico, at great cost. As an illustration of the high repute abroad, and substantial home value ot Missouri products in the stone line, we give a case in point. The new state capitol at Des Moines, Iowa, which will cost $3,000,000, and is said to be the largest and finest public edifice in the United States outside of Washington city, is built mostly of materials from Missouri, except the rough masonry and brickwork. The Missouri stones and their cost is as follows : St. Genevieve buff sandstone $ 147,289.83 Carroll county blue limestone 139,238.54 Fourteen red granite columns, 18 feet, 4| inches long, 2 ft. 3 in. diameter, turned and polished at St. Louis... . 8,144.50 Total paid by Iowa to Missouri on this one building. .$ 294,672.87 Other examples of Missouri building stone will be of interest. The Archimedes limestone is used for the U. S. custom house in St. Louis. The encrinital limestone is used for the State University building, and court house at Columbia. The Trenton limestone is used in the court house at St. Louis. A stratum called " cotton rock " in the magnesian limestone formation, is used for the state house and court house at Jeffer- son City. Encrinital marble is found in Marion county, and other varie- ties occur in Cooper, Cape Girardeau, St. Louis, Iron and Ozark coun- ties. In the bluffs on the Niangua, a marble crops out twenty feet thick, which is a finergrained, crystaline, silico-magnesian limestone, of a light drab color, slightly tinged or clouded with peach blossom. Some of the beautiful Ozark marbles have been used in ornamenting the national capitol at Washington. Lithographic limestone is found in Macon county. EARTHS, CLAYS, OCHRES, ETC. Kaolin, or decomposed feldspar, is a clay for making porcelain ware, and is found in and shipped from southeastern Missouri. Fine pottery clays are found in all the coal bearing region. North of the Missouri river many beds of best fire-clay are found, which is extensively manufac- tured at St. Louis into fire brick, gas retorts, metallurgists' crucibles, etc. 78 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. Yellow and red ochres, ferruginous clays, and sulphate of baryta, all val- uable in the mannfacture of mineral and fire-proof paints, are found in great abundance all through the iron districts. Near St. Genevieve there is a bank of saccharoidal sand which is twenty feet in height, and miles in extent. The mass is inexhaustible. Two analyses give the following results: Silica 98.81 99.02 Lime 0.92 0.98 The sand is very friable, and nearly as white as snow. It is not oxy- dized or discolored by heat, and the glass made from it is clear and unstained. One firm in St. Louis has annually exported more than 3,500 tons of this sand to the glass manufactories of Wheeling, Steubenville and Pittsburg. GEOGRAPHY OF MISSOURI. LOCATION AND AREA. The state of Missouri (with the exception of the Pan-Handle, in the southeast corner, which extends 34 miles further south), lies between the parallels 36 degrees 30 minutes and 40 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, and between longitudes 12 degrees 2 minutes, and 18 degrees and 51 min- utes west from Washington. Its southern boundary line, extended east- ward, would pass along the southern boundaries of Tennessee and Vir- ginia. The line of the northern boundary, extended in the same direction, would pass north of the centers of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and near the centers of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Extending these lines west- ward, they would embrace the entire state of Kansas, and a considerable portion of Nebraska on the north and of the Indian Territory south. The length of the state north and south is 282 miles ; il s extreme width east and west, is 348 miles, and the average width, which is represented by a line drawn due west from St. Louis, is 235 miles. The area of the state is 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. In size it is the eighth state in the Union, and is larger than any state east of or bordering upon the Mississippi, except Minnesota. It occupies almost the exact center of that portion of the United States lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Atlantic, and is midway between the British possessions on the north and the Gulf of Mexico south. The following list shows what other large cities of our own and foreign countries lie on the same latitude with the largest cities in our HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 79 state: The latitude of 38 to 39 degrees north, embraces Annapolis, Maryland; Washington and Georgetown, D. C; Alexandria, Va.; Ports- mouth, Ohio ; Lexington, Frankfort and Louisville, Ky. ; Madison, New- Albany and Evansville, Ind. ; St. Louis and Jefferson City, Missouri; Sacramento and Vallejo, California; Yarkand, China; Tabreez, Persia; Smyrna, Turkey; Messina and Palermo, Sicily; Lisbon, Portugal. The latitude of 39 to 40 embraces the cities of Philadelphia, Dover, Wil- mington, Baltimore, York, Gettysburg, Columbus, Cincinnati, Indiana- polis, Terre Haute, Springfield, Quincy, Hannibal, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Leavenworth, Denver; Virginia City, Nevada; Marysville, Cali- fornia; Tientsin, Pekin and Kashgar, in China; Bokhara in Turkestan; Erzroom in Turkey; Valencia in Spain. The meridian of 90 to 91 degrees west longitude, takes in Grand Portage, Minnesota; Mineral Point, Wisconsin ; also Dubuque, Davenport, Rock Island, Galesburg, St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg and New Orleans. Missouri is half as large again as New York, and more than eight times the size of Massachusetts. It would make a score of German prin- cipalities. Larger than England and Wales, or Scotland and Ireland, it is equal to one-third of the area of France. i SURFACE FEATURES. As explained in the chapter on geology, there occurred away back in the earliest geological ages, some subterranean force which pushed up through the crust of the earth, a series of knobs and irregular ridges and hills in a region extending from St. Genevieve, in a southwest direction, to Shannon and Texas counties, taking in some portions of Madison, St. Francois, Washington, Iron and Reynolds counties. After this, these knobs and ridges were islands in the ocean, which covered the rest of Missouri and adjoining states. On the bottom of this ocean the solid strata of limestone, sandstone, and other rocks, were formed. In course of time the rest of the country was raised above the ocean, arid the sur- face presented a broad, undulating plateau, from which projected the hills and ridges above named. The rains descended upon this plateau, and the waters collected into branches, creeks and rivers, and flowed away to the ocean, as now; and during the succeeding cycles, the channels and valleys of the streams were worn into the rocks as they now appear. These facts respecting the formation of our state, give some idea of its surface features. It may be described as a broad, undulating table-land or plateau, from which projects a series of hills and ridges extending from St. Genevieve to the southwest, and into which the branches, creeks and rivers have worn their deep broad channels and valleys. In that portion of the state north of the Missouri river, the northwest part is the highest, 80 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. and there is a general descent to the south and east, as shown by the- course of the Missouri river and its north side tributaries. In the eastern part of this region there is a high dividing ridge which separates the small east-flowing tributaries of the Mississippi from those flowing south- ward into the Missouri; the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern railroad follows this highland from Warren and Montgomery counties to Coats- ville on the north line of the state, in Schuyler county; and railroad sur- veys show that in a straight line across the state, the Missouri river at the city of Weston, in Platte county, is 320 feet higher than the Mississippi at Hannibal. , South of the Missouri the highest part is a main ridge extending from Jasper county through Lawrence, Webster, Wright, Texas, Dent, Iron, St. Francois and Perry counties, striking the Mississippi river at Grand Tower. This ridge constitutes what is called the Ozark range, which for three-fourths of its course across Missouri is not mountainous, or com- posed of peaks, but is an elevated plateau of broad, level, arable land, and divides the northward flowing tributaries of the Missouri from the waters which flow southward into the lower Mississippi. It is a part of that great chain of ridge elevations which begins with Long's Peak, about fifty miles northwest of Denver, in Colorado ; crosses the state of Kansas between the Kansas and Arkansas rivers; crosses Missouri through the counties above mentioned; passes into Illinois at Grand Tower and thence into Kentucky opposite Golconda ; and is finally merged into the Cumber- land Mountains. This ridge probably formed the southern shore of that vast inland sea into which the upper Missouri and Platte rivers emptied their muddy waters for a whole geological age, and deposited over the states of Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, their sediment from the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds of the mountain regions in Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, etc., and the "Bad Lands" of northwestern Nebraska. This great sea or lake had its chiefs outlet at Grand Tower,* where for thousands of years its waters plunged over the rocky limestone ledges and flowed off to the Gulf of Mexico, which then extended nearly or quite up to the mouth of the Ohio river at Cairo. But as it gradually wore down the rocks of this southern high ridge barrier, of course the channel through this narrow pass became gradually deeper and deeper, and as gradually drained off the mighty lake, leaving four great states covered chiefly with a kind of sediment which Prof. Swallow has termed " bluff * Dr. Shumard in his report on a geological section from St. Louis to Commerce, — p. 151, says: "The Grand Tower rises from the bed of the Mississippi, an isolated mass of rock' of a truncated-conical shape, crowned at the top with stunted cedars, and situated about fifty yards from the Missouri shore. It is eighty-five feet high, and four hundred yards in circumference at the base. During high water, the current rushes around its base with great velocity. * * About half a mile below the Tower, near the middle of the river, is a huge mass of chert. * In the next two miles the Missouri shore is bounded by hills from 75 to 200 feet in altitude." It is rocky and bluffy for six miles or more along here, some of the elevations reaching 330 feet. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 81 deposit," though called by other writers loess. At Grand Tower, where the Mississippi has worn for itself this narrow gorge or pass through the rocks, the current rushes and roars and tumbles along at such a mill-flume rate, that the passage by boats either up or down stream, is difficult and dangerous * And it was here that the river pirates had their stronghold in the early days of keel-boat traffic between St. Louis and New Orleans. They permitted no traders to pass this point without paying such tribute as they chose to levy; and upon the least show of resistance, they would rob, murder and plunder without remedy. If the human history of this place could be written, it would be full of blood-curdling incidents, and deeds of violence by rude and murderous men. The following table of elevations above tide water in the Gulf of Mex- ico will give a general idea of the heights reached by this southern upland region: Granby, Newton county, (farthest southwest) 1,030 feet. Marshfield, in Webster county, 96 miles from the west line of the state 1,462 Ohio City, opposite mouth of the Ohio river 272 • New Madrid, 30 miles farther south 247 St. Louis directrix, (or register) 372 Base of Pilot Knob 909 Top of Pilot Knob • 1,490 It will thus be seen that the top of Pilot Knob, at the eastern end of our south border highlands, is only twenty-eight feet higher than Marsh- field, near the western end. RIVERS AND WATER COURSES. The Mississippi river bounds the state on the east for a distance of more than 500 miles. The Missouri washes the western boundary of the state from the northwest corner southwardly, some 250 miles, to the mouth of the Kansas, whence it takes a course south of east, through the heart of the state to its junction with the Mississippi, a distance of nearly 400 miles, presenting a river front from these two majestic streams of 1,550 miles. Besides these mighty streams, are many smaller rivers, more or less navigable for steamboats and barges. On the south, or the right *A small work published at Davenport, Iowa, in 1856, describes this place as " a gorge where the river has in some remote geological age burst through a limestone mountain ridge, making a dangerous rocky pass, and washing the cliff into strange, fantastic forms." And a western poet nearly 30 years ago, thus described the spot: " Here Nature sports with Art. in rocky towers, Quarried by the wave, or lifts in Doric state Abraded pillars to the corniced cliff; And through sharp angles, narrows, flume and gorge, The wildered waters, plunging, roar and foam— a Scylla and Charybdis of no mythic tale.'' 82 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. bank of the Missouri, the Gasconade, Osage and La Mine are navigable; on the Osage, steamboats make regular trips as high as Warsaw, and barges and keel-boats may pass as high as the state line. On the left bank of the Missouri, the Platte, Chariton and Grand rivers are naviga- ble for keel-boats and barges ; and small steamers have made a few trips on their waters. The other important streams of the state are the Des Moines, Salt, Meramec, St. Francis and White rivers, all of which on rare occasions have been navigated by steamers. There are large num- bers of smaller streams called rivers and creeks. There are places in all our streams, except the Mississippi and Missouri, where they might be dammed and made to drive the machinery of mills and factories. Rock beds to support dams and make them permanent are to be found in many localities on the Osage, Niangua, Pomme du Terre, Sac, Spring river, Big river, Castor, Bourbeuse, Gasconade, St. Francis, Current, White, Grand, La Mine, Meramec, etc. No country is better supplied with bold springs of pure water. Many of them are remarkable for their size and volume. There is, on the whole, no state in the Union better supplied with an abundance of wholesome, living water for stock and domestic uses; and it abounds in springs, splendidly situated for dairy business, with water at a uniform temperature below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. There are no lakes in the state except a few small ones in the extreme southeastern counties. NOTABLE SPRINGS. Mineral Sfrings occur in every part of the state. There are excellent salt springs in Cooper, Saline, Howard and adjoining counties. Sulphur springs that have become known as places of summer resort, are: The Chouteau springs in Cooper county; Monagan springs in St. Clair county; Elk springs in Pike county; Cheltenham springs in St. Louis county. And Prof, Swallow says there are sulphur springs in half the counties of the state. Sweet springs, on Blackwater creek, are what are called chaly- beate waters, containing some of the salts of iron; and there area few others of this class. Petroleum or tar springs occur in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties, and fur- nish a good lubricating oil in large quantities. In the south part of the State there are numerous fresh water springs of such great flowage as to be utilized for water power. One called Bryce's spring, on the Niangua river, which runs through Dallas, Hickory and Camden counties, dischar- ges 10,927,872 cubic feet of water per day, drives a large flouring mill, and flows away a river 42 yards wide. This is the largest one, of these big springs. The temperature of its water is steadily at 60 degrees Fahr- enheit, and the flowage uniform throughout the year. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 83 80ILS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. As late as 1830 the greater part of Missouri was still marked on com- mon school geography maps as part of the great American desert ; and in 1820, even our own great statesman, Thomas H. Benton, had written: "After you get 40 or 50 miles from the Mississippi, arid plains set in and the country is uninhabitable except upon the borders of the rivers and creeks." But our present knowledge of Missouri's climate, soils and prod- ucts show how widely mistaken our wisest people were on this subject in those early days. Prof. Swallow, Dean of the State Agricultural College at Columbia (State University), has given the soils of the state a classification adapted to the popular understanding, by using names that everybody can read and know what they mean, instead of technical scientific terms known only to a few who have had a college education. And as this history is designed for the masses of the people, and to a large extent for the farm- ers, we give a condensed statement of Prof. Swallow's classification. Those known as kackberry lands are first in fertility and productiveness. Upon these lands also grow elm, wild cherry, honey locust, hickory, white, black, burr and chestnut oaks, black and white walnut, mulberry, linden, ash, poplar, catalpa, sassafras and maple. The prairie soils of about the same quality, if not identical, are known as crow foot lands, so called from a species of weed found upon them, and these two soils generally join each other where the timber and prairie lands meet. Both rest upon a bed of fine silicious marls. They cover more than seven million acres of land. On this soil white oaks have been found twenty-nine feet in circumference and one hundred feet high ; linden twenty-three feet in circumference and quite as lofty; the burr oak and sycamore grow still larger.. Prairie grasses, on the crowfoot lands, grow very rank and tall, and by the old settlers were said to entirely conceal herds of cattle from the view. The elm lands, are scarcely inferior to the hackberry lands, and pos- sess very nearly the same growth of other timber. The soil has about the same properties, except that the sand is finer and the clay more abundant The same quality of soil appears in the prairie known as the resin-weed lands. Next in order are hickory lands, with a growth of white and shellbark hickory, black, scarlet and laurel oaks, sugar maple, persimmon and the haw, red-bud and crab-apple trees of smaller growth. In some portions of the state the tulip tree, beech and black gum grow on lands of the same quality. Large areas of prairie in the northeast and the southwest have soils of nearly the same quality, called mulatto soils. There is also a soil lying upon the red clays of southern Missouri similar to the above. These hickory lands and those described as assimilating to them, are highly 84 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. esteemed by the farmers for the culture of corn, wheat and other cereals. They are admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruits, and their blue grass pastures are equal to any in the state. Their area may be fairly estimated at six millions of acres. The magnesian limestone soils extend from Callaway county south to the Arkansas line, and from Jefferson west to Polk county, an area of about ten millions of acres. These soils are dark, warm, light and very productive. They produce black and white walnut, black gum, white and wahoo elms, sugar maple, honey locust, mulberry, chestnut, post, lau- rel, black, scarlet and Spanish oaks, persimmon, blue ash, and many trees of smaller growth. They cover all the country underlaid by the magne- sian limestone series, but are inconvenient for ordinary tillage when they occupy the hillsides or narrow valleys. Among the most fertile soils in the state, they produce fine crops of almost all the staples ; and thrifty and productive fruit trees and grape vines evince their extraordinary adapta- tion and fitness to the culture of the grape and other fruits. On the ridges, where the lighter materials of the soil have been washed away, or were originally wanting, white oak lands are to be found, the oaks accompanied by shellbark and black hickory, and trees and shrubs of smaller growth. While the surface soil is not so rich as the hickory lands, the sub-soil is quite as good, and the land may be greatly improved by turning the sub-soil to the surface. These produce superior wheat, good corn, and a very fine quality of tobacco. On these lands fruits are abundant and a sure crop. They embrace about ©ne and a half million of acres. Post oak lands have about the same growth as the white oak lands, and produce good crops of the staples of the country, and yield the best tobacco in the West. Fruits of all kinds excel on this soil. These lands require deep culture. The blackjack lands occupy the high flint ridges underlaid with horn- stone and sandstone, and under these conditions are considered the poor- est in the state, except for pastures and vineyards. The presence, how- ever, of black jack on other lands does not indicate thin or poor lands. Pine lands are extensive, embracing about two millions of acres. The pines {finis mitis, yellow pine), grow to great size, and furnish immense supplies of marketable lumber. They are accompanied by heavy growths of oak, which takes the country as successor to the pine. The soil is sandy and is adapted to small grains and grasses. Bisecting the state by a line drawn from the city of Hannibal, on the Mississippi river, to its southwest corner, the half lying to the north and west of this line may be described as the prairie region of the state, with the rare advantage that every county is bountifully supplied with timber and with rivers and smaller streams of water. That which lies east and HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI; 85 south of the bisecting line is the timbered or forest section, in which are found numerous prairies of greater or less extent. The prairie lands are again divided into bottom and upland prairies. The bottom prairies closely resemble in soil the river bottoms. In a cer- tain sense, the formation is identical; each came from accretions, one from the rivers and the other from the higher or upland prairies. The marl formation is the foundation of both and in both it is deeply buried under the modern alluvium. The celebrated and eloquent orator, Henry Ward Beecher, paid the fol- lowing brilliant tribute to our grand state: "The breadth of land from the Red River country of the far North, stretching to the Gulf of Mexico, including Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Texas is one of the most wonderful agricultural spectacles of the globe! It is one of the few facts that are unthinkable! ■ In this ocean of land, and at nearly its centre, stands the imperial, state of Missouri. Even a Kansas man admits that in natural qualifications it leads all the rest, and is the crown and glory of the Union ! It has bound- less treasures of coal, iron, lead and other minerals ; lands richer there cannot be, nor finer streams ; its forests are more equally distributed all over the state than in any other; its climate, wholesome and delightful, blends the temperature of the northern lakes and the great southern gulf." Horace Greely said: "Missouri possesses the resources and capacities of a nation within the boundaries of a State." WILD QAME. Animals. — Missouri has been the feeding ground for vast herds of the choicest of the large game animals up to the present generation. Old hunters and trappers, still living, tell marvelous stories of their exploits with the gun. As civilization and population advanced westward their numbers decreased, yet Missouri is still furnishing a very large proportion of the game for the markets of all the large cities of the United States. Even London receives large shipments, every winter, from St. Louis. From October 1st to February 1st, of every year, there is not an express car arriving in St. Louis which does not bring large consignments of game. The quantity is enormous, and far beyond the knowledge of every one except those engaged in the trade, or whose duties bring them in contact with the facts. Elk, buffalo, antelope and bear formerly abounded in this state, but are now nearly or quite driven entirely beyond our borders. Red deer are still plentiful in some parts of the state. In fact, the Ozark Moun- tains and the swamp lands of southeast Missouri constitute a great deer park and game preserve, and will continue to do so until immigration crowds out the game. It is a notorious fact, that venison sells as cheaply as good beef in St. Louis markets, during the winter season. 86 HISTORV OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. The rabbit, as it is popularly called here, is a species of hare, and is about the average size of the domestic cat. They are so numerous in Missouri as to be considered a pest; are found in every field and forest in the state. Squirrels are very numerous, especially in the swampy and hilly regions. The two principal varieties are the grey squirrel and the red fox-squirrel. One of these varieties is to be found in every clump of timbered land in the state. Birds. — Wild turkeys, the finest game birds in the world, abound in the same region. Prairie chickens, or pinnated grouse, are abundant in all the prairie regions of the state, and are shipped from St. Louis to eastern markets by hundreds of barrels during the fall months ; but the game laws of the state strictly prohibit their being killed or trapped during the breeding season. Quails, or Virginia partridge, or "Bob-Whites," are found everywhere, so common that partridge pie, or "quail on toast," is . no great rarity in thrifty farm houses. Wild ducks, wild geese, snipe, plover and several species of the rail frequent Missouri during their annual migrations north and south. Dur- ing March, April and May the migratory birds pass through Missouri, going north to their nesting and brooding places, probably near the Arctic circle. In October, November and December they return, on their journey southward to spend the winter. There is no state in the great Mississippi basin more frequented by these migratory game birds than Missouri. Fishes. — The early settlers found the rivers and lakes teeming with many fine varieties of game and food fishes, and there is still a bountiful supply. Black bass, perch, catfish, buffalo fish, suckers and pike consti- tute the leading varieties of native fishes. Black bass of several varieties inhabit every stream of considerable size in the state, and every lake con- tains them. .It is the best game fish in the state. The perch family is represented by several dozen species; and perch of several kinds are found in every body of water in the state, which does not actually dry up in the summer time. The catfish of Missouri are not only numerous, but famous the world over. There are at least a dozen species in the waters of this state. The yellow catfish grows to great size, often reaching a weight of 175 pounds; the black catfish, maximum weight about 45 pounds; blue or forked-tail catfish, reaching 150 pounds and upwards in -weight; the channel catfish, weighing from one to fifteen pounds, and the yellow mud catfish, often weighing as high as 100 pounds. The sucker family includes the buffalo fish, chub, sucker and red horse. The first of these is highly prized, abundant, and grows to a maximum weight of 40 pounds. The last named is very abundant during certain seasons of the year, and valuable; they weigh from 6 ounces to 8 pounds. Pike of sev- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 87 eral species are found throughout Missouri, and rank with black bass as game fish; they are found in the clearer and rapid streams. The above lists constitute the leading fishes of the state, but by no means all, as there are many minor species. The state board of fish commissioners receives $3,000 annually from the state, to defray expenses of propagating desirable kinds of food fishes, that are not found native in the state. In 1878 Mr. Reid distributed 100,- 000 fry of the California salmon, in the state. In May and June, 1879, the commission distributed 250,000 shad fry in the rivers of southeast, south and southwest Missouri, and planted 5,000 young trout in the springs and sources of the same rivers. Later they have planted 100,- 000 fry of the California salmon in the same sections of the state. In 1880 two or three hundred thousand fry of German carp were planted. All the waters of Missouri are adapted to this fish, more especially the lakes and sluggish streams. The carp can be as easily cultivated as pigs or turkeys, and it is hoped that in a few years all the streams of the state will be stocked with them. THE CLIMATE. For nearly forty years Dr. George Engelmann, of St. Louis, kept sys- tematic records of the meteorology of St. Louis and vicinity; and by compiling similar records kept during long or short periods, by other per- sons in different parts of the state, he has been able to report pretty cor- rectly the dates and weather-facts which go to furnish a comprehensive estimate of the general nature of the climate, at each season of the vear, in different parts of the state. The following facts of great practical interest and value are gathered from the doctor's work: . Our winters, taken in the usual sense, from the first of December to the last of February, have in the city an average temperature of 33.3 degrees, and may be estimated for the surrounding country at 32 degrees ; but they vary in different seasons between 25 degrees (winter of 1855-6 and 1872-3) and 40 degrees (winter 1844-5). Our summers (from June 1st to August 31st) have in the city a mean temperature of 76.8 degrees, and are calculated to reach in the country .7-5 degrees, ranging between the coolest summer, 71.5 degrees mean temperature (1835, 1839 and 1848), and the warmest of 80 degrees mean temperature, (1838, 1850 and especially 1854). The last frosts in spring occur between March 13th and May 2d, on an average about April 5th, and the earliest autumnal frosts between October 4th and November 26th, on an average about October 27th; the 88 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. period between these two terms extends in different years from 184 to 252 days, on an average 205 days. In the southeast part of the state these limits of the freezing point will, of course, be much wider apart, and in the northwest they are narrowed down considerably. Our spring opens in March, though in some favored seasons vegetation breaks through its wintry bounds already in the latter part of February, while in a few very late springs it cannot be said to have fairly commenced before the middle of April. * * * We find the first in bloom is the alder and the hazel; next — not rarely retarded by intervening cold spells — the soft or silver leaf maple; our common white elm blooms a few days after this, between February 24th and April 15th, on an average, March 19th. During the next following days, roses, syringas, gooseberries and many other bushes, and the weeping willows, show their young leaves. About two weeks after, the elm — between March 18th and April 25th, on an average about April 3d — the peach trees open their first blossoms, and are, one week later, in full bloom. Plum and pear trees and sweet cherries blossom about the same time, or a few days later, and then sour cherries and the glory of our rich woods, the red buds, get in bloom. Between March 21st and May 1st, (mean, April 14th) the early apple trees begin to bloom, and between March 28th and May 10th, (mean, April 20th) they may be said to be in full bloom. The maturity and harvest of winter wheat immediately succeeds the oatalpa bloom, between June 10th and July 1st, usually about June 20th. The mean summer temperature varies but little throughout the state. In the summer of 1873 the mean temperature in the southeast was found only one-half degree higher than that of the northeast, and the difference between St. Louis and the west was even less. Winter temperatures, however, show a wide range. The mean temperature of the southeast- ern part of the state is 2^ to 3 degrees higher than at St. Louis, and 5£ degrees higher than in the northeastern angle, and the mean tem- perature of Leavenworth, and the adjacent parts of Missouri, is fully 2 degrees less than that of the region about St. Louis. In connection with our winter temperature it must be mentioned that the Mississippi at St. Loui3 freezes over about once in four or five years, partly, no doubt, in consequence of the heavy ice floating down from the north ; and it then remains closed for one or two, or even four or six weeks, sometimes passable for the heaviest teams. Our river has been known to close as early as the first week in December, and in other years, to be open as late as the last week in February ,while the run- ning ice may impede or interrupt navigation between the end of Novem- ber and the end of February, sometimes as low down as the southeast corner of the state; the river is said, however, never to freeze over below Cape Girardeau. The Missouri river is sometimes closed in the latter HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 89 part of November, and has been known to remain firmly bridged over into the first week of March. The climate of Missouri is, on the whole, a dry one, with strong evap- oration, and an atmosphere but rarely overloaded with moisture. Clear or neariy clear clays Partially clear and variable days Days when the sun remains obscured. . . . Winter 30 39 21 Spring 33 47 12 Summer 40 48 4 Autumn 40 39 12 Whole Yr. 143 173 49 Our summer rains mostly descend with great abundance, and in a com- paratively short time, so that the average (13 inches) of summer rain falls ill 70 hours, distributed over twenty-four days, while the 7 inches of win- ter rain (and snow) descend in 160 hours and on 22 days. The days on which it rains vary between 68 and 115 in the year. On the average we have 92 days in the year on which it rains. Our rains last from a frac- tion of an hour to a few hours, and very rarely extend through the 24 hours. Snow is rather scarce in our climate, and rarely continually covers the ground for more than a few days or a week. In some years, it amounted, when melted to 5^ inches; in others to only one-half inch; the aver- age is about 2£ inches. The atmospherical pressure (indicated by the stage of the barometer) is with us, in summer, more uniform and regular than on the Atlantic coast, while in winter it fluctuates considerably, and often very rapidly. The average barometrical pressure is highest in January, falls till May, and gradually rises again until January ; it is most variable from November to March, and least so from June to August. HEALTHFULNESS OF THE STATE. Authentic reports to the Health Board of St. Louis is have shown that the annual sickness rate of the city of St. Louis about seventeen and a half days to each member of the population. Dr. Boardman, of Boston, has ascertained the sickness rate of the city of Boston to be about twenty- four days of annual sickness to each individual. The general correctness of these conclusions are further substantiated by army statistics. Dr. Playfair, of England, after careful inquiry, computed the ratio of one death to twenty-eight cases of sickness in a mixed population. The state of Massachusetts has for many years had a state board of Health, by whom sanitary improvements have been diligently and scien tifically prosecuted, under state authority; and the annual death-rate has thereby been, somewhat reduced. In 1870 Massachusetts had a popula- tion of 1,457,351 and there were during the same period 25,859 deaths from all causes. A mortality equal to 1.77 per cent of the population. At 90 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. the same lime Missouri had a population of 1,721,295, and there were during that year 27,982 deaths from all causes. A mortality rate equiva- lent to 1.63 per cent, of the population. It thus appears, if the calculation is made and the relative proportion between the populations and the death rates of the two states maintained, that vital security is greater in Mis- souri, as compared with Massachusetts, to an extent represented by the annual saving of 2,474 lives. But this is not all. The authorities on vital statistics estimate that two persons are constantly sick for every one that dies ; and Dr. Jarvis shows, from the experience of health-assurance companies in this country, that on an average each person loses from 19 to 20 days per year by sickness. Then we have this result: Two persons sick to one death, equal 4,948, multiplied by 20, gives 98,960 days per year less of sickness in Missouri than in Massachusetts, in proportion to population. Then reckon the amount of care and anxiety and suffering and the loss of time, and cost for nursing and medicines and doctor's bills — and you will begin to get some idea of what these figures really mean, in favor of our state, with its dry, salubrious climate, in comparison with Massachusetts, the only other state for which the figures were at hand to make the comparison. AGRICULTUKE. The Missouri state board of agriculture was created a body corporate by statute, in 1877, and it was provided that the governor, the state sup- erintendent of schools, the president of the state university and the dean of the state agricultural college, should be ex-qfficio members of the board. The officers of the secretary and treasurer are required to be at the agricultural college, at Columbia, in Boone county ; and the annual meetings are to be held there, on the first Wednesday of November in each year. The presidents or duly authorized delegates of county agricultural societies, are rightful members of the state board, "for delib- eration and consultation as to the wants, prospects and condition of the agricultural interests of the state, to receive the reports of district and county societies, and to fill by elections all vacancies in the board." The law further provides that, " It shall be the duty of all agricultural and horticultural societies, organized and established in accordance with the laws of this state, to make a full report of their transactions to the Missouri state board of agriculture, at each annual meeting thereof." The state board is required " to make an annual report to the general assembly of the state, embracing the proceedings of the board for the past year, and an abstract of the reports and proceedings of the several agricultural and horticultural societies, as well as a general view of the condition of agriculture and horticulture throughout the state, accom- panied by such recommendations, including especially such a system of HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. • 91 public instruction upon those subjects as may be deemed interesting and useful." Provision is then made for printing fourteen thousand copies (two thousand in the German language), for distribution to all who will use them. OUR STAPLE CROPS. First of all the crops grown in the state, in amount and value, is Indian corn. There is not a county in the state in which it is not successfully and profitably grown. The broad alluvial bottoms along our great rivers yield immense crops of this valuable cereal, and our fertile prairies are but little, if any, behind them in their yield. Next in importance among the cereals is wheat, which grows and yields well in every part of the state,. Except in a few northern counties, spring wheat is but little grown, the main attention being bestowed upon the winter varieties, which are especially a favorite crop upon the loess and clay loams, and upon the oak uplands of the state. The well known fact that the best flour to stand transportation and exposure in hot and humid climates, is made from wheat grown toward the southern border of the wheat zone, has made Missouri flour a favorite for shipment to South American markets. Flour made in Missouri, from Missouri wheat, won the Medal of Merit at the World's Exposition, at. Vienna, in 1873. The average yield and the certainty of the wheat crop in Missouri, give the state a high rank among the states producing this cereal. Oats grow and yield well in the state, producing heavy straw, plump and heavy grains ; but the crop does not figure very largely in our markets, being mainly grown for home consumption. Tobacco, of two or three varieties, grows well, and Missouri tobacco enjoys a fine reputation for excellence. The state embraces some of the best tobacco lands in the country. It is a staple in nearly every county in the state, and some of the counties make it a leading crop. Missouri ranks sixth in its production. Cotton, except in small patches for home use, is raised only in the southern counties of the state. Stoddard, Scott, New Madrid, Pemiscot, Dunklin, Mississippi and Lawrence, all raise more or less for shipment, and, in some of the counties named, it is an important crop. Potatoes grow well, and on most of our soils yield large crops. They are of fine quality generally. Sweet Potatoes grow upon our sandy soils to great size and excellence, and our farmers raise a great abundance for home use, and the city markets are always well supplied. Sorghum, and" other varieties of the Chinese sugar cane, are exten- sively grown, and many thousands of gallons of syrup are annually made for home use. Recent improvements in manufacturing sugar from these 92 * HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. syrups bid fair to increase the value and importance of this branch of husbandry. Broom Corn is extensively grown in Missouri, and the brush being longer and finer than that grown in the eastern states, commands a much better price in market. Btickwheat, Castor Beans, White Beans, Peas and Hops, are all success- fully grown and made profitable crops. Garden Vegetables are produced in great profusion and variety, and the more arid regions of western Kansas and New Mexico, and the mining districts of Colorado, afford an ever-increasing market for these and other agricultural products from our state. Watermelons, musk- melons, etc., grow to great perfection, and are shipped in large quantities from some portions of the state to cities farther north. The U. S. forestry statistics of 1875, give Missouri 21,707,220 acres of land in farms; 20,116,786 acres not in farms; of wood land in. farms there were 8,965,229 acres, and the total woodlands in the state was reported as 19,623,619 acres. There is a curious bit of agricultural history which illustrates the rapid development of the western country, and at the same time shows, by the inevitable logic of events already transpired, the magnificent position of Missouri as the greatest wheat center on the globe. In 1849 the cen- ter of the wheat product of the United States was the meridian of 81 ° west of Greenwich, passing north and south through the eastern border counties of Ohio. In 1859 that line had moved westward a little more than two degrees of longitude, and passed through the eastern border counties of Indiana, the city of Fort Wayne being on the line. In 1869 the wheat center had moved not quite two degrees further west, and was that year a few miles west of Chicago and Milwaukee; and the center of our National corn crop was on the same line at this time. In 1 877 this line had moved still further west, and was now represented by a line drawn on a map of the United States from Marquette, on Lake Superior, down through Janesville, Wisconsin, and through Mendota, LaSalle, Vandalia and Cairo, in Illinois. The corn center will not move much if any further west; but the wheat center, by reason of the rapid development of this crop in Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas, is now, in 1881, as far west as St. Louis; and it will not be likely to migrate further than Jeffer- son City at any time in the future, because there is no important wheat- growing territory further west still unoccupied. The new settlements westward must be chiefly by mining and manufacturing peoples, hence, consumers rather than producers of the great cereal crops. The conclusion of the whole matter, then, is that St. Louis is now, and will for several decades continue to be, practically on the center line of the aggregate product of wheat and corn in the United States, propor- HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. tioned from east to west limits of the national domain. And this fact assures Missouri of pre-eminent commercial rank among the grand sister- hood of states. The following table shows the number of pounds weight which con- stitute a lawful bushel in Missouri, of the different articles named, as established in 1879: No. lbs. Articles. per bu. "Wheat 60 Corn, shelled 56 Corn in ear . , 70 Corn Meal 50 Rye 56 Oats 32 Barley.. 48 Irish Potatoes 60 Sweet Potatoes 56 Beans, White 60 Castor Beans 46 Bran 20 Clover Seed 60 Timothy Seed 45 . Hungarian Seed 48 Hemp Seed 44 Flaxseed 56 Millet Seed 50 Red-top Seed or Herd's Grass 14 Osage Orange Seed 36 Sorghum Seed 42 Kentucky Blue Grass Seed ... 14 No. lbs. Articles. per bu. Orchard Grass 14 Buckwheat 52 Onions 57 Top Onion Sets 28 Peas, whole, dry 60 Split Peas 60 Dried Apples 24 Dried Peaches 33 Malt 38 Salt 50 Coal 80 Peanuts, dry Southern 22 Cotton Seed 33 Parsnips 44 Common Turnips , 42 Carrots 50 Rutabagas 50 Green Peas, unshelled 56 Green Beans, unshelled, 56 Green Apples 48 Green Peaches 48 Green Pears , 48 The standard bushel for coke and charcoal is to contain 2,680 cubic inches; apple barrels, length, 28£ inches; chines, £ of an inch at ends; diameter of head, 17£ inches ; inside diameter at the center of the barrel, 20£ inches. HORTICULTURE. The state horticultural society was organized in January, 1859, and has kept up its annual meetings in spite of all difficulties. Each congres- sional district of the state is classed as a separate horticultural district, and is represented in the society by a vice-president, who is expected to keep himself posted on the interests of this industry in his district, and make report (or procure some one to do it), at the annual meeting. The officers of this society for 1880, were: President, Hon. Norman J. Colman, St. Louis; Vice Presidents: 1st congressional district, H. Michel, St. Louis; 2d, Dr. C. W. Spaulding, Cliff Cave; 3d, J. Rhodes, Bridgeton; 4th, H. D. Wilson, Cape Girardeau; 5th, W. S. Jewett, Crystal City; 6th, M. 94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. S. Roundtree, Springfield; 7th, E. Brown, Sedalia; 8th, Z. S. Ragan, Independence; 9th, J. Madinger, St. Joseph; 10th, W. H. Miller, Chili- col he; 11th, G. Husmann, Columbia; 12th, J. Hawkins, Hannibal; 13th, W. Stark, Louisiana. Apples. — All the standard varieties of the temperate zone are raised in their highest perfection in the state of Missouri; but in such a large area of country as our state comprises, and with such a great variety of soils, and other conditions, each- different kind has its locality of best suc- cess. It is therefore not possible to indicate what varieties are best for the state; each district will have its favorites. At the national exhibit, in 1878, Missouri showed one hundred and forty plates of apples. Distin- guished pomologists assert that ten counties in north Missouri can show apples in as great variety and perfection as any ten other states in the Union. Perhaps no better proof can be given of the general excellence of Missouri fruits than the fact that at the meeting of the American pomo- logical society, in September, 1878, medals were awarded to Missouri for the best displays of apples, pears and wines, and also one for the best general display of fruits. These honors were gained in competition with every state in the union, represented by their choicest fruits, and at an exhibition held at Rochester, New York, which had long been regarded as the very center of the fruit growing interests of the country. The fruits exhibited on that occasion were from different parts of the state. St. Joseph, Independence, Morrison, Columbia, Hermann, St. Louis county, Boone county, and other districts were represented, and shared the hon- ors of our great victory. The varieties that appear to have received most favor at the meeting of 'our state agricultural society, in 1880, were Ben Davis, Winesap, Jonathan, Dominie, Rawle's Janet, Milam, Northern Spy, Carthouse, Newtown Pippin, Summer Pippin, Red June, Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Late Summer, Dutchess of Oldenburg, Early Pennock, St. Lawrence, Maiden Blush, Rambo, Grimes' Golden, Limber Twig, Little Romanite. Peaches. — The southeastern portion of the state, along the line of the Iron Mountain railroad, and the western portion, where the marly deposits are so rich and extensive, are pre-eminently the peach districts, and in these regions the peach seems almost indigenous, never failing to produce abundant crops; and yet fruit-growers in these districts say that they are never able to supply the demand, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado taking all from the western region, and St. Louis having to draw upon other states for her supplies. Peaches may be relied upon as a profitable crop in all that part of the state south of the Missouri river, and, indeed, are largely grown much further north, St. Joseph exporting large amounts. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI. 95 In some localities the trees have occasionally been winter-killed, when not in suitable soil or not sheltered ; but, on the whole, Missouri may fairly be set down as a peach-growing state. Mr. R. Lynn, of Rockport, in the northwest part of the state, says he has raised three good paying crops of peaches in seven years, the first crop being the third year from plant- ing; his best crop was in 1878. Pears. — Pears do well throughout the state, especially in the region of Clay, Jackson and Cass counties. The trees attain a great size and age — a diameter of from twelve to fifteen inches is common ; and there are trees a short distance south of St. Louis over two hundred years old, and still bearing full crops. The pear, although the most luscious fruit grown in northern latitudes, is" also one of the most difficult to raise suc- cessfully — hence it is a matter of reasonable pride and gratification that this fruit has done so well in our state. At the national pomological exhibition, of 1878, there were from this state: From the Missouri Val- ley horticultural society, Kansas City, twenty varieties of pears; from Jacob Rhodes, Bridgeton, nine varieties ; from J. Madinger, St. Joseph, six varieties; from W. Stark, Louisiana, two varieties. Some of the finest specimens at the exhibition were grown near St. Louis, on c^cks of the white thorn. Grapes. — For several years the chief fruit-growing interest r- 158 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. Sec. 5. The exercise of the police power of the state shall never be abridged, or so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their busi- ness in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals, or the' general well-being of the state. Sec 6. In all elections for directors or managers of any incorporated company, each shareholder shall have the right to cast as many votes in the aggregate as shall equal the number of shares so held by him or her in said company, multiplied by the number of directors or managers to be elected at such'election ; and each shareholder may cast the whole number of votes, either in person or by proxy for one candidate, Or distribute such votes among two or more candidates; and such directors or managers shall not be elected in any other manner. Sec 7. No corporation shall engage in business, other than that ex- pressly authorized in its charter or the law under which it may have been or hereafter may be organized, nor shall it hold any real estate for any period longer than six years, except such as may be necessary and proper for carrying on its legitimate business. Sec 8. No corporation shall issue stock or bonds, except for money paid, labor done or property actually received, and all fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock and bonded indebtedness of corporations shall not be increased, except in pursuance of general law, nor Without the consent of the persons holding the larger amount in value of the stock first obtained at a meeting called for the purpose, first giving sixty days public notice, as may be provided by law. Sec. 9. Dues from private corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law, but in no case shall any stockholder be indi- vidually liable in any amount over or above the amount of stock owned by him or her. Sec 10. No corporation shall issue preferred stock without the cori* sent of all the stockholders. Sec 11. The term " corporation," as used in this article, shall be con- • strued to include all joint stock companies or associations having any pow- ers of privileges not possessed by individuals or partnerships. RAILROADS. Sec 12. It shall not be lawful in this state for any railway company to charge for freight or passengers a greater amount, for the- transportation of the same, for a less distance than the amount charged for any greater distance, and suitable laws shall be passed by the general assembly to en- force this provision; but excursion and commutation tickets maybe issued at special rates. Sec 13. Any railroad corporation or association, organized for the purpose, shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within this state, and to connect at the state line with railroads of other states. Every railroad company shall have the' right, with its road, to intersect, connect with, or cross any other railroad, and shall receive and transport each the other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination. Sec 14. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be constructed in this state are hereby declared public highways, and railroad companies common carriers. The general assembly shall pass laws tc correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 159 of freight and passenger tariffs on the different railroads in this state; and shall, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on said railroads, and enforce all such laws by adequate penalties. Sec. 15. Every railroad or other corporation, organized or doing busi- ness in this state under the laws or authority thereof, shall have and main- tain a public office or place in this state for the transaction of its business, where transfers of stock shall be rpade, and where shall be kept, for public inspection, books in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed, the names of the owners of the stock, the amounts, owned by them respective!}', the amount of stock paid, and by whom, the transfer of said stock, with the date of transfer, the amount of its assets and liabilities, and the names and places of residence of its officers. The directors of every«raiiroad company shall hold one meeting annually in this state, pub- lic notice of which shall be given thirty days previously, and shall report annually, under oath, to the state auditor, or some officer designated by law, all of their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. The general assembly shall pass laws enforcing, by suitable penalties, the provisions of this sec- tion. Sec, 16, The rolling stock and all other movable property belonging to any railroad company or corporation in this state, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individuals ; and the general assembly shall pass- no la,w exempting any such property from execution and sale. Sec 17. No railroad or oth^r corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or managers of aay railroad corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property or franchises of such corporation, with, or lease or purchase the works or franchises of, or in any way control any railroad corporation owning or hav- ing undeF its control a parallel or competing line ', nor shall any officer of suph railroad corporation act as an officer of any other railroad corporation owning or having the control of a parallel or competing line. The ques- tion whether railroads are parallel .or competing lines shajl, when demanded, be decided by a jury, as in other civil issues. Sec 18. If any railroad company organized under the laws of this state shall consolidate, by sale or otherwise, with any railroad company organized under the laws of any other state,. or of the United States, the same shall not thereby become a foreign corporation ; but the courts of this State shall retain jurisdiction in all matters which may arise, as if said con- solidation had not taken place. In no case shall any consolidation take place, except upon public notice of at least sixty days to all stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. Sec 19. The general assembly shall pass no law for the benefit of a railroad or other corporations, -or any individual or association of individ- uals, retrospective in its operation, or which imposes on the people of any county or municipal subdivision of the state, a new liability in respecc to transactions or considerations already past. Sec 20. No law shall be passed by the general assembly granting the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any city, town, vil- lage, or on any public highway, without first acquiring the consent of the local authorities having control of the street or highway proposed to be 160 CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. occupied by such street railroad ; and the franchises so granted shall not be transferred without similar assent first obtained. Sec. 21, No railroad corporation in existence at the time of the adop- tion of this constitution shall have the benefit of any future legislation, except on condition of complete acceptance of all the provisions of this constitution applicable to railroads. Sec. 22. No president, director, officer, agent, or employe of any rail- road company shall be interested, directly, or indirectly, in furnishing ma- terial or supplies to such company, or in the business of transportation as a common carrier 'of freight or passengers over the works owned, leased, controlled or worked by such company. Sec. 23. No discrimination in charges or facilities in transportation shall be made between transportation companies and individuals, or in favor of either, by abatement, drawback or otherwise ; and no railroad com- pany, or any lessee, manager or employee thereof, shall make any prefer- ence in furnishing cars or motive power. Sec. 24. No railroad or other transportation company shall grant free passes or tickets, or passes or tickets at a discount, to members of the gen- eral assembly, or members cf the board of equalization, or any state, or county, or municipal officers ; and the acceptance of such pass or ticket, by a member of the general assembly, or any such officer, shall be a forfeiture of his office. BANKS. Sec. 25. No state bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the state own or be liable for any stock in any corporation, or joint stock company, or association for banking purposes, now created or hereafter to be cre- ated. Sec. 26. No act of the general assembly authorizing or creating cor- porations or associations with banking powers (except banks of deposit or discount,) nor amendments thereto, shall go into effect, or in any man- ner be enforced, unless the same shall be submitted to a vote of the quali- fied voters of the state, at the general election next succeeding the pass- age of the same, and be approved by a majority of the votes cast at such election. Sec. 27. It shall be a crime, the nature and punishment of which shall be prescribed by law, for any president, director, manager, cashier or other officer of any banking institution, to assent to the reception of deposits, or the creation of debts by such banking institution, after he shall have had knowledge of the fact that it is insolvent, or in failing circumstances ; and any such officer, agent or manager, shall be individually responsible for such deposits so received, and all such debts so created with his assent. ARTICLE XIII.— militia. Section 1. All able-bodied male inhabitants of this state between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, who are citizens of the United States, or have declared their intention of become such citizens, shall be liable to military duty in the militia of this state: Provided, That no person who is religiously scrupulous of bearing arms, can be compelled to dp so, but may be compelled to pay an equivalent for military service, in such manner' as shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, CONSTITUTION OF MISSOURI. 161 equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform, as nearly as practi- cable, to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States. Sec. 3. Each company and regiment shall elect its own company and regimental officers; but if any company or regiment shall neglect to elect such officers within the time prescribed by law, or by the order of the gov- ernor, they may be appointed by the governor. Sec. 4. Volunteer companies of infantry, cavalry and artillery, may be formed in such manner and under such restrictions as may be provided by law. Sec. 5. The volunteer and militia forces shall in all cases, except trea- son, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at musters, parades and elections, and in going to and returning from the same. Sec. 6. The governor shall appoint the adjutant general, quarter- master general and his other staff officers. He shall also, with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint all major generals and brigadier generals. Sec. 7. The general assembly shall provide for the safe keeping of the public arms, military records, banners and relics of the state. ARTICLE XIV. — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Section 1. The general assembly of this state shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any regulation which congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to bona fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the prop- erty of the United States ; nor shall lands belonging to persons residing out of the limits of this state ever be taxed at a higher rate than the lands belonging to persons residing within the state. Sec. 2. No person shall be prosecuted in any civil action or criminal proceeding for or on account of any act by him done, performed or exe- cuted between the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and the twentieth day of August, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, by virtue of military authority vested in him, or in pursu- ance of orders from any person vested with such authority by the govern- ment of the United States, or of this state, or of the late Confederate states, or any of them, to do such act. And if any action or proceedings shall have been, or shall hereafter be instituted against any person for the doing of any such act, the defendant may plead this section in bar thereof. Sec. 3. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the same as a second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, or agree to go out of this state to fight a duel, shall hold any office in this state. Sec. 4. No person holding an office of profit under the United States, shall, during his continuance in such office, hold any office of profit under this state. Sec. 5. In the absence of any contrary provision, all officers now or nereafter elected or appointed, subject to the right of resignation, shall hold office during their official terms, and until their successors shall be duly elected or appointed and qualified. Sec. 6.. All officers, both civil and military, under the authority of this state, shall, before entering on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe an oath;-or after acceptance. To make it negotia- ble it must be payable to the order ot the payee,' or to the bearer, or must contain other equivalent or operative words of transfer. Bills of exchange containing no words of transfer, are non-negotiable. The usual form of accepting bills of exchange, is by writing " accepted " across the bill, and signing the acceptor's, .name. After such acceptance the acceptor' becomes liable for the payment of the bill upon its maturity. No person within this state shall be charged as an acceptor of a bill of ■exchange unless his acceptance shall be in writing signed by himself, or his lawful agent. If such acceptance be written on a paper other than the bill, it shall not bind the acceptor. Except in favor of a person to whom such acceptance shall have been shown, and who upon the faith thereof shall have received the bill for a valuable consideration. An unconditional promise ,in writing to accept a bill before it is drawn, will be binding upon the acceptor in favor of any person who upon the faith of such written promise shall have received the bill for a valuable consideration. Every holder of a bill presenting the same for acceptance, may require that the acceptance be . written on the bill, and a refusal to comply with such request, shall be deemed a refusal to accept, and the bill may be pro- tested for non-accentance. Every, person upon whom a bill of exchange may be drawn, and to whom the same, shall be delivered for acceptance, who shall destroy such bill or refuse within twenty-four hours after such delivery, or within such period as the holder may allow. to return the bill accepted or non-accepted to the holders, shall, be deemed to have accepted the same. ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 167 When any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, drawn or negotiated within this state, shall be duly presented for acceptance or payment, and protested for non-acceptance or non-payment, there shall be allowed and paid to the holders by the drawer and endorsers having due notice of the dishonor of the bill, damages in the following cases : First, if the bill shall have been drawn by any person, at any place within this state, at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill. Second, if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any place out of this state, but within the United States or territories thereof, at the rate of two per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill. Third, if the bill shall have been drawn on any person, at any part or place without the United States and their territories, at the rate of twenty per centum on the principal sum specified in the bill. If any bill of exchange expressed to be for value received, shall be drawn on any person, at any place within this state, and accepted, and payment shall not be duly made by the acceptor, there shall be allowed and paid to the holder, by the acceptor, damages in the following cases : First, if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place within this state, at the rate of four per centum on the principal sum therein specified. Second, if the bill be drawn by any person, at any place without this state, but within the United States or territories, at the rate of ten per centum on the principal sum therein specified. The damages herein allowed shall be recovered only by the holder ot a bill, who shall have purchased the bill- or acquired some interest therein, for valuable consideration. In cases of non-acceplanee or non-payment of a bill, drawn at any place within this state, on any person at a place within the same, no damages shall be recovered, if payment of the prin- cipal sum, with interest and charges of protest, be paid within twenty days after demand, or notice of the dishonor of the bill. If the contents of a bill be expressed in the money of account of the United States, the amount due and the damages therein, shall be ascer- tained and determined without any reference to the rate of exchange existing between this state and the place on which the bill shall have been drawn, at the time of demand of payment or notice of the dishonor of the bill. If the contents of such bill be expressed in'the money of account or currency of any foreign country, then the amount due, exclusive of dam- ages, shall be ascertained arid determined by the rate of exchange, or the value of such foreign currency at the time of payment. 'Every bill of ex ^hange, draft or order drawn either within this state or elsewhere upon any person residing within this state, payable on its face at sight, or on demand, shall be deemed and considered to be due and payable on the day it is presented, or demanded, any usage or custom 168 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. here or elsewhere to the contrary notwithstanding, and if not so paid, may be protested for non-payment. If in any suit founded upon any negotiable promissory note or bill of exchange, or in which such bill or note is produced, might be allowed in the defense of any suit, it appear on the trial that such note or bill was lost while it belonged to the party claiming the amount due thereon, parol or other evidence of the contents thereof, may be given on such trial, and such party shall be entitled to recover the amount due thereon as if such note or bill had been produced. To entitle a party to such recovery, he or some responsible person for . him, shall execute a bond to the adverse party in a penalty at least double the amount of such note or bill, with two sufficient securities, to be approved by the court in which the trial shall be had, conditioned to . indemnify the adverse party against all claims by any other person on account of such note or bill, and against all costs and expenses by reason of such claim. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. A promissory note is a written promise to pay a certain sum of money at a future time, unconditionally. The person to whom the money is payable is called the payee. The maker is the one who promises to pay the money when the note becomes due. A note payable to bearer is negotiated or transferred by mere delivery, and the possession of the note is prima facie proof of title. A note payable to the order of a particular person is transferred or negotiated by writing the name of the person upon the back of the note, which is called an endorsement. The person making the endorsement is called the endorser. . The person for whose benefit it is made is called the endorsee. Every promissory note for the payment of money to the payee therein named, or order or bearer, and expressed to be for value received, shall be due and payable as therein expressed and shall have the same effect and be negotiable in like manner as inland bills of exchange. The payee and endorsers of every such negotiable note payable to them or order, and the holder -of every such note payable to bearer may main- tain actions for the sums of money therein mentioned, against the makers and endorsers of them in like manner as in cases of inland bills of exchange, and not otherwise. Such negotiable promissory note made payable to the order of the maker thereof, or to the order of a fictitious person shall, if negotiated by the maker, have the same effect and be of the same validity as against the maker, and all persons having knowledge of the facts, as if payable to ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 169 bearer. Provided, That negotiable note in the hands of the purchaser of the same from the makers by way of discount or investment if protested for non-payment at maturity, shall not be subjected to damages. When the day of payment of any bond, bill of exchange, or promissory note, shall according to its terms, be a Sunday, Christmas day, Thanks- giving day (State or National), New Years day, or a Fourth of July, its payment shall be deemed due and be demandable on such day next before its day of payment, according to its terms, as shall not be one of the days above specified. A notarial protest is evidence of a demand and refusal to pay a bill of exchange or negotiable promissory note, at the time and in the manner stated in such protest. FORM OF NEGOTIABLE NOTE. $1,000. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 1, 1869. Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe, or order, One Thousand Dollars, value received, with interest after due at the rate of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy. NON-NEGOTIABLE NOTE. $100.00. Kansas City, Mo., Aug, 1, 1869. Thirty days after date, I promise to pay Richard Roe, One Hundred Dollars, value received, with interest from date, at the rate of ten per cent per annum. Louis Roy. INTEREST. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in writing for the payment of interest not exceeding ten per cent. Money due upon judgments or order of court, shall draw interest from the day of rendering the same. All such judgments and orders for money upon contracts, bearing more than six per cent., shall bear the same inter- est borne by such contracts. All other judgments and orders for money shall draw six per cent. If a greater rate of interest than ten per cent, is contracted for, and suit brought upon the same, judgment will be entered for six per cent., and the whole interest shall be set apart for, and become a part of the com- mon school fund. Parties may contract in writing for the payment of interest upon inter- est; but interest shall not be compounded oftener than once a year. Where a different rate is not expressed, interest upon interest shall be at the same rate as interest on the principal debt. 170 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. DESCENTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY. Property in this state shall be distributed in the following course, sub- ject to the payment of debts and the widow's dower: First. To the children or their descendants in equal parts. Second. If there be no children or their descendants, then to the father, mother, brothers and sisters, and their descendants, in equal parts. Third. If there be no children, or their descendants, father, mother, brother or sister, or their descendants, then to the husband or wife. If there be no husband or wife, then to the grandfather, grandmother, uncles and aunts, and their descendants, in equal parts. Fourth. If there be no children or their descendants, father, mother, sister, brother or their descendants, husband or wife, grandfather, grand- mother, uncles, aunts, nor their descendants, then to the great-grandfather, great-grandmother, and their descendants, in equal parts, and so on in other cases without end, passing to the nearest lineal ancestors and their children, and their descendants, in equal parts. Posthumous children, or descendants of the intestate, shall inherit in like manner as if born in the lifetime of the intestate. This does not apply to anyone other than the children or descendants of the intestate unless they are in being and capable in law to take as heirs at the time of the intestate's death. If there be no. children or their descendants, father, mother, brother or sister, nor their descendants, husband or wife, nor any paternal or mater- nal kindred capable of inheriting, the whole shall go to the kindred of the wife or husband of the intestate in the like course as if such wife or hus- band had survived the intestate and then died entitled to the estate. If any of the children receive any real or personal estate in the lifetime of the intestate by way of advancement, shall choose to come into par- tition with the other heirs, such advancement shall be brought into hatchpot with the estate descended. Maintaining, educating, or giving money to a child under majority without any view to a portion or settlement, shall not be deemed an advancement. Bastards shall inherit and be capable of transmitting inheritance on the part of their mother, and such mother may inherit from her bastard child or children in like manner as if they had been lawfully begotten of her. The issues of all marriages decreed null in law or dissolved by divorce shall be legitimate. Persons of color shall inherit as above set forth, providing it shall appear to the court that they are residents of this state, or if residents of some other state, are free persons. The children of all parents who were slaves, and who were living ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 171 together in good faith as man and wife at the time of the birth of such children, shall be deemed to be the legitimate children of such parents. All children of any one mother who was a slave at the time of her birth shall be deemed lawful brothers and sisters for the purposes of this chapter. WILLS. The term will, or last will and testament, means the disposition of one's property, to take effect after death. No exact form of words is neces- sary in order to make a will good at law. Every person of twenty-one years of age and upward, of sound mind, may, by last will, devise all his estate, real, personal and mixed, and all interest therein, saving the widow her dower. Every person over the age of eighteen years, of sound mind, may by last will, dispose of his goods and chatties. Every will must be in writing, signed by the testator or by some person by his direction, in his presence, and shall be attested by two or more competent witnesses, subscribing their names to the will in the presence of the testator. No will in writing, except in cases hereinafter mentioned, nor any part thereof, shall be revoked, except by a subsequent will in writing, or by burning, canceling, tearing or obliterating the same by the testator, or in his presence, and by his consent and direction. If, after making a will disposing of the whole estate of the testator, such testator shall marry, and die, leaving issue by such marriage living at the time of his death, or shall leave issue of such marriage born to him after his death, such will shall be deemed revoked, unless provisions shall have been made for such issue by some settlement, or unless such issue shall be provided for in the will, and no evidence shall be received to rebut the presumption of such revocation. A will executed by an unmarried woman shall be deemed revoked by her subsequent marriage. If a person make his will and die leaving children not provided for, although born after making the will, he shall be deemed to die intestate, and such children shall be entitled to such proportion as if he had died intestate. All other heirs or legatees must refund their proportionate part. The county court or clerk thereof in vacation subject to the confirma- tion or rejection of the court, shall take the proof of the last will of the testator. GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. I, Richard Johnson, of Carroll county, in the state of Missouri, being of sound mind and memory, and of full age, do hereby make and publish this, my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by me made. 172 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. First. I direct the payment of all lawful claims against my estate, to be made out of the proceeds of the sale of my personal property. Second. I give, devise and bequeath to my eldest son, John B. Johnson, the sum of five thousand dollars of bank £tock, in the First National Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the farm owned by myself in the town- ship of , in the county of Saline, consisting of 100 acres, with all the houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging, to have and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns forever. Third. I give, devise, and bequeath to each of my daughters, Mary E. Johnson and Clara B. Johnson, each five thousand dollars in bank stock,, in the First National Bank, of Lexington, Missouri; and also, each one quarter section of land owned by myself, situated in the township of , Ray county, Missouri. Fourth. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank R. Johnson, the farm owned by myself, situated in Chariton county, Missouri, consisting of six hundred and forty acres, together with all stock, houses, and improvements, thereunto belonging. Fifth. I give to my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, all my household furni- ture, goods, chattels and personal property about my house, not hitherto disposed of, including six thousand dollars of bank stock, in the First National Bank of Lexington, Missouri, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home farm, so long as she may live — said farm being my present place of residence. Sixth. I give and bequeath to my mother, Martha Johnson, the income from rents of my store building, at No. 905 Pine street, St. Louis, Mis- souri, during the term of Her natural life, said building and land therewith to revert to my sons and daughters, in equal proportions, upon the demise of my said mother. Seventh. It is also my will and desire that at the death of my wife, Eliz- abeth Johnson, that the above mentioned homestead may revert to my above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. Eighth. I appoint as my executors of this, my last will and testament, my wife, Elizabeth Johnson, and my eldest son John B. Johnson. In witness whereof, I, Richard Johnson, to this, my last will and testa- ment, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of June, eighteen 'hundred and seventy-five. Richard Johnson. Signed and declared by Richard Richard Johnson, as and for his last will and testament, in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto, as witnesses thereof. Edward Davison, Sedalia, Missouri. Frederick Jones, Marshall, Missouri, ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 173 CODICIL. Whereas, I, Richard Johnson, did, on the fourth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, make my last will and testa- ment, I do now, by this writing add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as part thereof. W/iereas, By the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Clara B. Johnson, has deceased, March the first, eighteen hundred and seventy- six; and whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened David S. Johnson, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and title in lands and bank stock, and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, Clara B., in the body of this will. In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven. Richard Johnson. Signed, sealed, published and declared to us, by the testator, Richard Johnson, as and for a codicil, to be annexed to his will and" testament; and we, at his request and in his presence, and in the presence of each other have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. Peter Brown, Lexington, Missouri. Robert Burr, Richmond, Missouri. TAXES. For the support of the government of the state, the payment of the public debt, and the advancement of the public interest, taxes shall be levied on all property, real and personal, except as stated below : No tax shall be assessed for or imposed by any city, county, or other municipal corporation, or for their use upon the following property: All houses, necessary furniture and equipments thereof, used exclusively for public worship, and the lot of ground on which the same may be erected. All orphan or other asylums, for the relief of the sick or needy, with their furniture and equipments, and the lands on which they are erected and- used therewith, so long as the same shall be held and used for that pur- pose only; all universities, colleges, academies, schools, and all other sem- inaries of learning, with the furniture and equipments, and land thereto, belonging or used immediately therewith, and their endowment fund, when not invested in real estate, so long as the same shall be employed for that purpose only. Provided, That the land hereby exempted from taxation, belonging to any of the last named institutions, in any city or town, shall not exceed two acres, and in the county, not exceed five acres. And further provided, That such property, so exempted, shall not be under rent to any person, corporation, or society, and shall not, in any way or manner, be paying or yielding any rent or profit. Cemeteries and graveyards set apart and used for that purpose only. All real estate and other property belonging to any incorporated agricultural society, so 174: ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. long as the same shall be employed for the use of such society and none other. All libraries and their furniture and equipments, belonging to any library association or society. Nothing in this section shall be construed as to exempt from municipal or local taxation any description of property, when the same is held for the purpose of pecuniary profit or speculation. Lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of the limits of such city or town, to the extent of one acre, and lots, one mile distant from such cities or towns, to the extent of five acres, with the buildings thereon, when the same are used exclusively for religious worship, for schools, or for purposes purely charitable, shall be exempt from taxation for state, county, or local purposes. There shall be annually assessed and collected on the assessed value of all the real estate and personal property subject by law to taxation in the state one-fifth of one per centum for state revenue and one-fifth of one per centum for the payment of all state indebtedness. The assessor or his deputy or deputies shall, between the first days of August and January, and after being furnished with the necessary books and blanks by the county clerk, at the expense of the county, proceed to take a list of the taxable personal property in his county, town, or district, and assess the value thereof in the manner following, to-wit: He shall call at the office, place of doing business, or residence of each person required by this act to list property, and shall require such person to make a cor- rect statement of all taxable property owned by such person, or under the care, charge, or management of such person, except merchandise, which may be required to pay a license tax, being in any county in this state, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the person listing the property shall enter a true and correct statement of such property in a printed or written blank prepared for that purpose, which statement, after being filled out, shall be signed and sworn to, to the extent required ■by this act, by the person listing the property, and delivered to the assessor, and such assessor's book shall be arranged and divided into two parts: The "land list" and the "personal property list." If any tax- payer shall fail or neglect to pay such collector his taxes at the time and place required by such notices, then it shall be the duty of the collector after the first day of January then next, to collect and account for as other taxes, an additional tax, as a penalty, of one per cent per month upon all taxes collected by him after the first day of January, as afore- said, and in computing said additional tax or penalty a fractional part of a month shall not be counted as a whole month. Collectors shall on the day of their annual settlement with the county court, file with said court a statement under oath of the amount so received, and from whom received, and settle with the court therefor; frovided, however, that said interest shall not be chargeable against persons who are absent from their homes ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 175 and engaged in the military service of this state, or of the United States, or against any tax payer who shall pay his taxes to the collector at any time before the first day of January in each year; provided, that the provisions of this section shall apply to the city of St. Louis so far as the same relates to the addition of said interest which in said city shall be collected and accounted for by the collector as other taxes, for which he shall receive no compensation. Every county collector shall on or before the fifteenth day of each month pay to the state treasurer all taxes or licenses received by him prior to the first day of the month. The sheriff's deed executed to the purchaser of real estate under a sale for delinquent taxes, which shall be acknowledged before the circuit court of the county or city as in ordinary cases ; shall convey a title in fee to such purchaser of the real estate therein named, and shall be frima facie evidence of tide, and the matters and things therein stated are true. COURTS OF RECORD— THEIR JURISDICTION. SUPREME COURT. At the general election in the year eighteen hundred and eighty, and every two years thereafter, there shall be elected one judge of the supreme court, who shall hold his office for a term of ten years from the first day of January next after his election, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified. The majority of the judges may order special terms. CIRCUIT COURTS. At the general election in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty, and at the general election every sixth year" thereafter, except as otherwise provided by law, all the circuit judges shall be elected, and shall enter upon their offices on the first Monday in January next ensuing. Circuit courts in the respective counties in which they may be held shall have power and jurisdiction as follows: First, as courts of law in all criminal cases which shall not be otherwise provided for by law. Second, exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases which shall not be cogniz- able before the county courts, probate courts, and justices of the peace and not otherwise provided by law. Third, concurrent original jurisdic- tion with justices of the peace in all civil actions and proceedings for the recovery of money, whether such action be founded upon contract or trust or upon a bond or undertaking given in pursuance of law in any civil action or proceeding, or for a penalty or forfeiture given by any statute of this state when the sum demanded, exclusive of interest and cost, shall exceed fifty dollars and does not exceed one hundred and fifty dollars, and of all actions against any railroad company in this state to recover damages for the killing or injuring of horses, mules, cattle or 176 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. other animals, without regard to the value of such animals or the amount claimed for killing or injury, the same in all counties or cities having over fifty thousand inhabitants; concurrent original jurisdiction with justices of the peace of all actions and proceedings for the recovery of money, whether such actions be founded upon contract or tort or upon a bond or undertaking given in any civil action or proceeding, or for a penalty or forfeiture given by any statute of this state when the sum demanded, exclusive of interest and cost, shall exceed fifty dollars and not exceed two hundred and fifty dollars, and of all actions against any railroad com- pany in this state to recover damages for the killing or injuring horses, mules, cattle or other animals, without regard to the value of such ani- mals or the amount of damages claimed for killing or injuring the same. Fourth, appellate jurisdiction from the judgments and orders of the coun- ty court, probate court, and justices of the peace in all cases not expressly prohibited by law, and shall possess the superintending control over them. Fifth, the general control over executors, administrators, guardians, cura- tors, minors, idiots, lunatics, and persons of unsound mind. COUNTY COURT. The county court shall be composed of three members, to be styled the judges of the county court; and each countyshall.be districted by the county court thereof into two districts of contiguous territory, as near equal in population as practicable, without dividing municipal townships. Judges of this court shall be elected for a term of two years. At the general election of 1882, they shall be elected for four years. Four terms of the county court shall be held in each county annually, at the place of holding courts therein, commencing on the first Monday in February, May, August, and November, and shall also have power to order special terms. This court has control of county property, settling with county treasurers, etc. PROBATE COURTS. A probate court which shall be a court of record and consist of one judge is hereby established in the city of St. Louis and in every county in this state. Jurisdiction— -Said court shall have jurisdiction over all matters per- taining to probate business, to granting letters testimentary and of adminis- tration, the appointment of guardians and curators of minors and per- sons of unsound mind, settling the accounts of executors, administrators, curators and guardians, and the sale or leasing of lands by administrators, curators and guardians, and over all matters relating to apprentices, and such judges shall have the power to solemnize marriages. "Judges of this court shall be elected in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, and every four years thereafter. Said judge shall be com- missioned by the governor and shall hold his office for four years. ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 177 ST. LOUIS COURT OF APPEALS. The qualified voters of the counties of the city of St. Louis, the counties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Lincoln and Warren, shall elect a judge of the St. Louis court of appeals, who shall be a resident of district composed of said counties, and who shall hold offices for a term of twelve years. The St. Louis court of appeals shall consist of three judges, who shall possess the same qualifications as judges of the supreme court. The court shall have a marshal, janitor and reporter. LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. Offenses punishable with death or imprisonment in the penitentiary dur- ing life, may be prosecuted at any time after the offense shall have been committed. For felonies other than above mentioned, within three years after the commission of the offense. For any offense other than felony or fine or forfeiture, within one year after the commission of the offense. Actions and suits upon statute for penalty or forfeiture given in whole or part, to any person who will prosecute within one year after the com- missions of the offense. When penalty is given in whole or in part to the state, or county or city or the treasurer of the same, suit must be brought within two years. Actions upon any statute Jfor any penalty or forfeiture given in whole or in part to the party aggrieved within three years. Actions against moneyed corporations, or against the directors or stock- holders of the same, shall be brought within six years of the discovery. LIMITATION OF PERSONAL ACTIONS. Civil actions other than those for the recovery of real propery, must be commenced within the periods here prescribed. Actions upon any writing, whether sealed or unsealed, for the payment of money or property, within ten years. Actions brought on any covenant of warranty in deed, or conveyance of land, within ten years. Actions on any covenant of seizure contained in any such deed, within ten years. Actions upon contracts, obligations, or liabilities— express or implied, except as above mentioned, and except upon judgments or decrees of a court of record, within five years. 12 178 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. Actions upon liability created by statute, other than penalty or forfeiture, five years. Actions for trespass on real estate, five years. Actions for taking, detaining, or injuring any goods or chattels, includ- ing actions for the recovery of specific personal property, or for any other injury to the person or rights of another not arising on contract and not otherwise enumerated, five years. Actions for relief on the ground of fraud, five years. Actions against a sheriff, coroner, or other public officer upon a liability incurred by doing an act in his official capacity, or the omission of an official duty, non-payment of money collected, etc., three years. Actions upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture where the action is given to the party aggrieved, or to such party and the state, three years. Actions for libel, slander, assault and battery, false imprisonment, or criminal conversation, two years. LIMITATIONS OF ACTIONS RELATING TO REAL PROPERTY. Actions for the recovery of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, or for the recovery of the possession thereof, shall be commenced by any person whether citizen, denizen, alien, resident or non-resident, unless his ancestor, predecessor, grantor, or other person under whom he claims was seized or possessed of the premises in question, within ten years before the commencement of such actions, except in case of military bounty lands, which must be brought within two years. No entry upon any lands, tenements or hereditaments shall be valid as a claim, unless the action be commenced thereon within one year after the making of such entry, and within ten years from the time when the right to make such entry accrued. If any person entitled to bring an action as above stated, shall be under twenty-one years of age, or imprisoned for less than life, or insane, or a married woman, the time during such disability shall continue, shall not be deemed any portion of the time limited for the commencement of such action or the making of such entry after the time so limited, and may be brought in three years after the. disability is removed. If any person having the right to bring such action or make such entry, die during the disability mentioned, and no determination be had of the right, title, or action to him accrued, his heirs or any one claiming under him, may commence such action within three years. JURIES. SELECTION OF GRAND JURY. A grand jury shall consist of twelve men, and, unless otherwise ordered, as hereinafter provided, it shall be the duty of the sheriff of each county in the state to summon within the time prescribed by law a panel of ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 17D< grand jurors, consisting of twelve good and lawful men, selected from the different townships of his county, as near as may be in proportion to the number of male citizens in each, to be returned to each regular term. of the courts in his county having criminal jurisdiction. Every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state,, resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified. In all counties having a population less than twenty thousand inhabit- ants, every juror, grand and petit, shall be a male citizen of the state,. resident in the county, sober and intelligent, of good reputation, over twenty-one years of age, and otherwise qualified. No exception to a juror on account of his citizenship, non-residence r State, or age, or other legal disability, shall be allowed after the jury is sworn. No person being a member of any volunteer fire department duly Organized and ready for active service ; no person employed in any paid fire department, and no person exercising the functions.of a clergyman, practitioner of medicine, or attorney-at4aw, clerk or other officer of any court, ferry-keeper, postmaster, overseer of roads, coroner, constable, miller, professor or other teacher in any school or institution of learning,, judge of a court of record, or any person over the age of sixty-five years shall be compelled to serve on any jury. No person shall be summoned to serve at more than one term of court, either as grand or petit juror, within the period of one year in any court of record. Each person summoned under this act shall receive one dollar and fifty cents per day for every day he shall serve as such, and five cents for every mile he may necessarily travel in going from his place of resi- dence to the court house and returning to the same, to be paid out of the county treasury. All persons duly summoned as grand or petit jurors may be attached for non-attendance, and fined by the court for contempt in any sum not exceeding fifty dollars, in the discretion of the court. In all suits which hereafter may be pending in any court of record in this state the clerk shall, if a jury be sworn to try the same, tax up as other costs against the unsuccessful party a jury fee of six dollars, which shall be collected by the sheriff, and paid into the hands of the county treasurer, who shall keep an account thereof, in a separate book to be provided for that purpose, and the money so collected and paid in shall constitute a jury fund. Grand jurors shall not be compelled to serve on a petit jury during the same term. In all civil cases in courts of record, where a jury is demanded, there shall be summoned and returned eighteen qualified jurors; but in appeal 180 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. \ cases the number shall be the same as allowed by law in the courts from which the appeals are taken, and the number of peremptory challenges in addition. In the trial of civil causes, each party shall be entitled to challenge per- emptorily three jurors. MARRIED WOMEN. The homestead of every housekeeper or head of a family, consisting of a dwelling-house and appurtenances, and the land used in connection there- with, which shall be used by such housekeeper or head of a family as such homestead, shall be exempt from attachment and execution. Such home- stead in the country shall not include more than 160 acres of land or exceed the total value of $1,500 ; and in cities having a population of 40,000 or more such homestead shall not include more than eighteen square rods of ground, or exceed the total value of Ihree thousand dollars; and in cities or incorporated towns and villages having a less population than 40,000, such homestead shall not include more than thirty square rods of ground, or exceed the total value of $1,500. After the filing by the wife of her claim upon the homestead as such, the husband shall be debarred from and incapable of selling, mortgaging or alienating the homestead in any manner whatever. A husband and wife may convey the real estate of the wife, and the wife may relinquish her dower in the real estate of her husband, by their joint deed, acknowledged and certified as herein provided, but no covenant expressed or implied in such deed shall bind the wife or the heirs except so far as may be necessary effectually to convey from her or her heirs all her right, title and interest expressed to be conveyed therein. A married woman may convey her real estate or relinquish her dower in the real estate of her husband by a power of attorney authorizing its conveyance, executed and acknowledged by her jointly with her husband, as deeds conveying real estate by them are required to be executed and acknowledged. If any married woman shall hold real estate in her own right, and her husband, by criminal conduct toward her, or by ill usage, shall give such married woman cause to live separate and apart from her husband, such woman may by her next friend petition the circuit court, setting forth such facts, and therein pray that such estate may be enjoyed by her for her sole use and benefit. Any personal property, including rights in action, belonging to any woman at her marriage, or which may have come to her during coverture by gift, bequest or inheritance, or by purchase with her separate money or means, or be due as the wages of her separate labor, or have grown out of any violation of her personal rights, shall, together with all income, increase and profits thereof, be and remain her separate property, and ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 181 under her sole control, and shall not be liable to be taken by any process of law for the debts of her husband. EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. Whenever the personal property of any homestead or head of a family shall be attached or taken in execution, the debtor therein shall claim that the same, or any part thereof, is the product of such homestead, the officer taking the same shall cause appraisers to be appointed and sworn, as in the case of the levy of execution on real estate, and such appraisers shall decide upon such claim and settle the products of such homestead to such debtor accordingly, and the proceedings therein shall be stated by such officer in his return. Any policy of insurance heretofore or hereafter made by any insurance company on the life of any person, expressed to be for the benefit of any married woman, whether the same be effected by herself or by her hus- band, or by any third person in her behalf, shall inure to her separate use and benefit and that of her children, if any, independently of her husband and of his creditors and representatives, and also independently of such third person effecting the same in his behalf, his creditors and representa- tives. The following property only shall be exempt from attachment and exe- cution when owned by any person other than the head of a family: First, the wearing apparel of all persons. Second, the necessary tools and implements of trade of any mechanic while carrying on his trade. The following property, when owned by the head of a family, shall be exempt from attachment and execution. First, ten head of choice hogs, ten head of choice sheep, or the product thereof, in wool, yarn or cloth ; two cows and calves, two plows, one axe, one hoe and one set of plow gears and all necessary farm implements for the use of one man. Second, working animals of the value. of one hundred and fifty dollars. Third, the spinning wheel and cards, one loom and apparatus necessary for man- ufacturing cloth in a private family. Fourth, all the spun yarn, thread and cloth, manufactured for family use. Fifth, any quantity of hemp, flax and wool not exceeding twenty-five pounds each. Sixth, all wearing apparel of the family, four beds with their usual bedding, and such other household and kitchen furniture not exceeding the value of one hundred dollars, as may be necessary for the family, agreeably to an inventory thereof to be returned on oath, with the execution, by the officer whose duty it may be to levy the same. Seventh, the necessary tools and imple- ments of trade of any mechanic, while carrying on his trade. Eighth, all arms and equipments required by law to be kept. Ninth, all such provisions as may be found on hand for family use, not exceeding one hundred dollars in value. Tenth, the bibles and other books used in a 182 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. family, lettered grave stones, and one pew in a house of worship. Eleventh, all lawyers, physicians and ministers of the gospel shall have the privilege of selecting such books as may be necessary in their profes- sion, in the place of other property herein allowed at their option ; that doctors of medicine in lieu of the property exempt from execution, may be allowed to select their medicines. In all cases of the sale of per- sonal property, the same shall be subject to execution against the pur- chaser on a judgment for the purchase price thereof, and shall in no case be exempt from such judgment and execution for the purchase price as "between the vendor, his assignee, heir or legal representative and pur- chaser. FENCES. All fields and inclosures shall be inclosed by hedge, or with a fence sufficiently close, composed of posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and planks, posts and wires, palisades or rails alone, laid up in the manner com- monly called a worm fence, or of turf with ditches on each side, or of stone or brick. All hedges shall be at least four feet high, and all fences composed of posts and rails, posts and palings, posts and wire, posts and planks or pal- isades shall be at least four and a half feet high ; those composed of turf shall be at least four feet high and with ditches on either side, at least three feet wide at the top and three feet deep; and what is commonly called a worm fence shall be at least five feet high to the top of the rider, or if not ridered shall be five feet to the top of the top rail or pole and shall be locked with strong rails, poles or stakes; those composed of stone or brick shall be at least four and a half feet high. Wherever the fence of any owner of real estate now erected or con- structed, serves to enlose the lands of another, or which shall become a part of the fence enclosing the land of another, on demand made by the person owning such fence, such other person shall pay the owner one- half the value of so much thereof as serves to enclose his land; and upon such payment shall own an undivided half of such fence. Provided, The person thus benefitted shall have the option to build within eight months from date of such demand, a lawful- fence half the distance along the line covered by the above mentioned fence. The demand shall be made in writing and served on the party interested, his agent or attorney, or left with some member of the family over fourteen years of age, at his usual place of abode. If the party notified fails to comply with the demand within the specified time, the party making the demand may, at his option, proceed to enforce the collection of one-half the value of such fence, or remove his fence without any other or further notice. Every person owning a part of a division fence, shall keep the same in ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 188 good repair, according to the requirements of the act, and upon neglect or refusal to do so, shall be liable in double damages to the party injured thereby. If the parties interested shall fail to agree as to the value of one-half of such fence, the owner of the fence may apply to a justice of the peace of the township, who shall, without delay, issue an order to three disinter- ested householders of the township, not of kin to either party, reciting the complaint, and requiring them to view the fence, estimate the value thereof, and make return under oath to the justice on the day named in the order. If the person thus assessed or charged with the value of one-half of any fence, shall neglect or refuse to pay over to the owner of such fence- the amount so awarded, the same may be recovered before a justice of the peace or other court of competent jurisdiction. ROADS, HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES. The overseers of highways in each road district in each township, shall have care and superintendence of all highways and bridges therein, and it shall be their duty to have all highways and bridges kepi in good repair, and to cause to be built all such bridges as public necessity may require, said bridges to be built by contract, let to the lowest responsible bidder, and to be paid for out of any money in the overseer's hands, or in the treasury for road or bridge purposes. But in no case shall the overseer take such contract, either for himself or by his agent. It shall be the duty of the overseer of highways to name all residents of the district against whom a land or personal tax is assessed, giving them two days notice to work out the same upon the highways, and he shall receive such tax in labor from every able bodied man, or his or her substitute, at the rate of $1.50 per day, and in proportion for a less amount, provided that any person may pay such tax in money. The township board of directors shall have the power to assess upon all real estate and personal property in their township made taxable by law for state and county purposes, a sufficient tax to keep the roads and highways of the various road districts in their township in good repair, which tax shall be levied as follows : for every one mill tax upon the dollar levied upon real arid personal property, as valued on the assessor's roll of the previous year, the township board of directors shall require one day's work of each person subject to work on roads and highways, and no more. . SUPPORT OF THE POOR. Poor persons shall be relieved, maintained and supported by the county of which they are inhabitants. Aged, infirm, lame, blind, or sick persons who are unable to support 184 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. themselves, and where there are no other persons required by law and able to maintain them, shall be deemed poor persons. No person shall be deemed an inhabitant within the meaning of this chapter, who has not resided for the space of twelve months next preced- ing the time of any order being made respecting such person in the county, or who shall have removed from another county for the purpose of impos- ing the burden or keeping such person on the county where he or she last resided for the time aforesaid. LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. Every landlord shall have a lien on the crops grown on the demised premises in any year for the rent that shall accrue for such year; and such lien shall continue for eight months after such rent shall become due and payable, and no longer. When the demised premises or any portion thereof are used for the purpose of growing nursery stock, the lien shall exist and continue in such stock until the same shall have been removed from the premises and sold. No tenant for a term, not exceeding two years, or at will, or by suffer- ance, shall assign or transfer his term, or interest, or any part thereof to another, without the written assent of the landlord, or person holding under him. Either party may terminate a tenancy from year to year, by giving notice in writing of his intention to terminate the same, of not less than three months next before the end of the year. A tenancy at will, or by sufferance, or for less than one year, may be terminated by the person entitled to the possession, by giving one month's notice, in writing to the person in possession, requiring him to remove. All contracts or agreements for the leasing, renting, or occupation of stores, shops, houses, tenements, or other buildings in cities, towns, or villages, not made in writing, signed by the parties thereto, or their agents, shall be held and taken to be tenancies from month to month; and all such tenan- cies may be terminated by either party thereto, or his agent, giving to the other party or his agent one month's notice in writing, of his intention to terminate such tenancy. No notice to quit shall be necessary from or to a tenant whose time is to end at a certain time, or where by special agreement, notice is dis- pensed with. A landlord may recover a reasonable satisfaction for the use and occu- pation of any lands or tenements, held by any person under an agreement not. made by deed. Property exempt from execution shall be also exempt from attachment for rent, except the crops grown on the demised premises on which the rent claimed is due. ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. 185 If any tenant for life or years, shall commit waste during his estate or term, of any thing belonging to the tenement so held, without special license in writing, so to do, he shall be subject to a civil action for such waste and shall lose the thing so wasted and pay treble the amount at which the waste shall be assessed. BILL OF SALE. A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party for a considera- tion to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The pur- chaser must take actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged and recorded. COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. Know all men by these presents, That I, David Franklin, of Lexington, Missouri, of the first part, for and in consideration of three hundred dollars, to me in hand paid by Albert Brown, of the same place, of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do convey unto the said Brown, party of the second part, his executors, administrators and assigns, my undivided half of forty acres of corn now growing on the farm of William Mason, in the township of Jackson, Lafayette county, Missouri; one pair of horses, twenty head of hogs, and six cows belonging to me and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his heirs, executors, and assigns, forever. And I do for myself and legal representatives agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to warrant and defend the sale of the aforementioned property and chattels, unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and every person whatsoever. In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand this first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. David Franklin. BENEVOLENT, RELIGIOUS, AND EDUCATIONAL ASSOCI- ATIONS. Any lodge of Free Masons, or Odd Fellows, division of Sons of Tem- perance or any other association organized for benevolent or charitable purposes, or any library company, school, college, or other association, organized for the promotion of literature, science, or art, or any gymnastic or other association, organized for the purpose of promoting bodily or mental health, and all societies, organized for the purpose of promoting either of the objects above named, and for all similar purposes, by what- ever name they may be known, consisting of not less than three persons, may be constituted and declared a body politic and corporate, with all the privileges, and subject to all the liabilities and restrictions contained in this act. Acts 1868, page 28. 186 ABSTRACT OF MISSOURI STATE LAWS. All associations incorporated under the provisions of the above law shall file a copy of all amendments to their articles of association, certified as such under their seal, with the clerk of the circuit court, within sixty days after their passage. Any number of persons, not less than three in number, may become an incorporated church, religious society, or congregation, by complying with the provisions of this, chapter, except that it will be sufficient -Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. -To find 'the mumber of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth df the circumference in inches >by twice the 'length in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1.10 to 1.15 according to the thickness of the bark. Howard's new rule for computing interest. Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by «impry removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place .tothe left; for 1-10 of the same 'time, remove the point three places to the left. I Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. Note. — The reciprocal of the Tate is .found by inverting the Tate ; thus 8 per cent, pec ■month, inverted, becomes J^ of a month, or; ten days. When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus: 8-1, three ones. I Rule for convertinjgJ&vgjlishJnto ^mprican currency. Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. ;U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. A township— 36 sections each a mile square. A section— 840 acres. A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. An eight section, half a mile, long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide— 80 acres. A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. The. sections are aU numbered. 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east corner. The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The .quarters are divided in the same way. The description of a forty-acre lot wculd read: The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1, in township 24, north of i range 7 west, or as the case might be; and .sometimes will fall short, and sometimes overrun the number of acres -it is supposed to contain. PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 25 links " 1 rod. 4 rods " 1 chain. 80 chains " 1 mile. Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet. Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barleycorn; three of which made an inch. Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches — called a hand. In biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches. The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in. length. A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. A fathom is equal to 6 feet. A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a n autical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 stat- ute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are Said to be a leagud. In doth measure an aune is equal to 1} yards, or 45 inches. , An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. < A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic manner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of acquiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers. 1875. A. H. JACKSON. Dr. Cr. Jan. 10 To u 17 By Feb. 4 To u 4 To March 8 By it 8 By it 13 By «( 27 To April 9 TC . butter new harrow , sharpening 2 plows new double-tree cow and calf ' half ton of hay cash repairing corn-planter. . . one sow with pigs cash, to balance account . .at $1.25 '.at $ .45 at .25 $ 8.75 6.30 1.25 48.00 6.25 17.50 Jp. 2.50 18.00 .40 2.25 25.00 4.75 35.15 $88 .05|$88lJ5 1875. PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE. CASSA MASON. Dr. Cr. March March March May May- June June July July ^ug. £ u t Sept. 21 By 3 day's labor 21 To 2 shoats , 23 To 18 bushels corn 1 By 1 months labor 1 To cash 19 By 8 days mowing 26 To 50 lbs. flour 10 To 27 lbs. meat 29 By 9 days harvesting 12 By 6 days labor 12 To cash 1 To cash to balance account. .at $1.25 .at 3.00 .at .45 $ 6.00 8.10 .at $1.50 .at$ .10 .at 2.00 .at 1.50 10.00 2.75 2.70 $ 3.75 25.66 12.66 18.00 9.00 20.00 18.20 $67.75 $67.75 INTEREST TABLE. A Simple Role for Aoccbathlt Computing Interest at Ant Given Peb Cent pob Ant Length of Time. Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide thia product by the quotient obtained by dividing- 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent of interest, and the quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. ILTjUbTBATION . Require the interest of $462.50 lor one month and eighteen dayB at 6 per cent. An interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 dayB. $462.50 mmtiplied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent of interest) giveB 60, and 222.0000 divided by 60 will give the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of interest in the above example were 12 per cent,. we would divide the $222.- 0000 by 30 (because 360 divided by 12 gives 30) ; if 4 per cent, we wonld divide by 90 ; - if 8 per cent, by 45, and in like manner for any other per cent. Solution. $462.50 .48 370000 6(360 1 185000 60, $222.0000 180 420 420 MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 12 unite or things, 1 dozen. 1 196 pounds, 1 barrel of flour. I 24 sheets of paper, 1 quire. IS dozen, 1 gross. 1 200 pounds, 1 barrel of pork. 20 qu.res of paper, 1 ream. 20 things, 1 ecore. 1 66 pounds, 1 firkin of butter. 1 4 .. wide, 4 ft. nigh, and 8 ft. long, 1 cord wood. %02 NAMES OF THE STATES AND THEIR SIGNIFICATION. NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS. Virginia.— -The oldest of the states, was so called in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region. * Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter Sunday, and called the country in commemoraticn of the day, which was the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time owned that section of the country. Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its pre- fix was really arc, the French word for "bow." The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called " Carolana," after Charles the Ninth of France. ^Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first established a colony there in 1732. Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the Mississippi which forms its western boundary. Kentucky is the Indian name for "at the head of the river." Ohio means "beautiful;" Iowa, "drowsy ones;" Minnesota, "cloudy water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel." Illinois is derived from the Indian word lllini, men, and the French suffix ois, together signifying " tribe of men." Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. Missouri is from the Indian word "muddy," which more properly applies to the river that flows through it. Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. Cortez named California. Massachusetts is the Indian for " the country around the great hills." Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying " Long. River." Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of Eng- land. New York was named by the Duke of York. Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William Penn, its original owner. Delaware after Lord De la Ware. New "Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was gov- ernor of the island of Jersey, in the British channel. Maine was called after the province of Maine, in France, in compliment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION. 203 Vermont, from the French words vert mont, signifying green mountain. New Hampshire, from Hampshire county, in England. It was formerly called Laconia. The little state of Rhode Island owes its name to the island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUB- SCRIPTION. The business of -publishing books by subscription, having so often been brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possi- ble, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the fol- lowing statement is made: A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described; the consideration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The nature and character of the work is described by the pros- pectus and sample shown. These should be carefully examined before sub- scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher. •Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional, or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by the pros- pectus and sample, in order to bind the principle, the. subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the same. All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any other business, should remember that the law as wi'itten is, that they can not be altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. It is therefore importai.it that all persons contemplating sub- scribing should distinctly understand m that all talk before or after the sub- scription is made is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- vassers They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a pre- scribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their* principal in any other matter. They cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. They cannot extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instru- ment, would examine carefully what it is; if they cannot read themselves, call on some one disinterested who can. History of Pettis County. CHAPTER I.— INTRODUCTION AND NAME. Signification of History — Kinds of History — Value as Instruction — Object of this Work — Task of the Historian and His Fitness — How and by Whom Collected and Compiled — Mistakes — Criticisms— Signification of a Name — How Pettis County got its Name- Sketch of Hon. Spencer Pettis. History, in its most general signification, is a narrative of events. It includes a record not only of national events and affairs in the world at large, but also an account of small districts, families, and of the lives and acts of individuals. History is of two kinds — .narrative and philosophical. The former mere statement of facts as they occur, one after another; while the latter also comprehends deductions from those facts, and the relation of cause and effect. At first, history took the form of tradition, which is oral opinions or memorials handed down from father to son, or from ancestor to posterity, assuming the form of religious belief, much of which was obscure and mythical. Among the oldest examples of written history are sculptured inscrip- tions and records of acts of rulers, especially their victories, and are found on temples and pyramids of Egypt, Assyria, Greece, and Phoenicia. Herod- otus, the father of history, was born about the close of the fifth century, B. C, and his writings, so far as known, are the earliest that can be traced of his- tory, aside from the collections of Moses. Thucydides was the second great historian, but his writings approached more nearly the philosophical style than the writings of Herodotus. The ancient historians of Greece and Rome usually confined themselves to plain narrative, as Xenophon in his Anabasis, Czesar in his Commentaries, and Livy in his History of Rome. Tacitus showed his in portraying tyranny in its blackest colors. Eusebius was the first great ecclesiastical historian. Modern history has the tendency of critical rather than merely narra- tive. Many of the histories written within the last half century are won- derful monuments of critical research. In these days the historian is no longer a mere reporter, he must be prepared to analyze character, and to weigh events. He must seek his materials at the fountain head, must compare the private with the public actions of the characters he portrays, and present to his readers a picture of men and women which shall be 1 206 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. accurate in minute detail, and yet embrace the remoter consequences of their actions. Annals are a chronicle divided into distinct years; biography, the his- tory of the life and character of a particular person ; memoirs, an account of transactions in which the narrator bore a part; a romance, a fictitious tale ; and chronicle, the narration of events when time is considered the chief feature. All these are closely related to and fall within the province of history. The writer of history includes within his subjects more, and a greater variety of, material than any other literary man, and history is a more fruitful source of practical instruction than any other branch of liter- ature. The pleasure and profit derived from careful perusal of the pages of history is unlimited. . Histories are multiplying as the popular demand increases, for the chief object in making a book is its sale. All books, except, perhaps, the Bible, are made with the prime object of profit. Scientific works, works of fiction, histories, school books, books of poetry, newspapers, and all other periodicals, are issued with the full expectation of pecuniary profit to the publisher, and it is right that they should receive reward, for, in the strife for wealth and power, men would otherwise neg- lect the cultivation of the mind, and the production of hidden truths. No man would publish a newspaper for the sole purpose of conferring a ben- efit on his fellow ; no man would publish a history for the sole object of glory, or through a philanthropic act, desiring to confer a blessing upon those into whose hands it chanced to fall. Literature, like all other occu- pations, must be suitably rewarded. It is not at all probable that the pub- lishers of this work would have undertaken such a great task unless they rightfully expected suitable remuneration. The history of Pettis county will be found to contain all, and far more than the publishers have promised or their friends expected. Mistakes and inaccuracies will occur. No history, nor any other book, not even the Bible, the best of all books, has yet been written without them. Books of the character of this history have been known in older States for several years. County, township, city, neighborhood, and even family histories have been compiled in most of the eastern States, including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and many western districts. The history of one of these counties combine the good qualities of many histories in one book, besides furnishing a personal sketch of rare worth and gratification. A short history of the State, which also relates to many national affairs, then a detailed history of the county under many different heads, in such a manner that if the reader will make it a careful study he will be greatly pleased and profited. The historian should be a man of broad and generous views, free from prejudice. Such is a stranger who goes into a county to place in order its history. True, he meets with many obstacles which would not present HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 207 themselves to one who has long, resided among the scenes he desires to narrate; but the advantages possessed by the stranger are far greater than those possessed by the resident. The stranger has no friends to reward, and no enemies to punish. He enters upon his task free to select from the best and most reliable sources, those items of history which will interest the greatest number, without having his mind pre-occupied with a .special subject or particular class of citizens. Just as in an important trial at law, he who enters the jury box least prejudiced by former knowledge of the case, makes the best juror; so the intelligent stranger can most impartially decide what is acceptable history, and what is not. The corps of historians who furnished this record of such facts as they have been able to obtain by diligent work, did so with no other motive than performing their task well ; and fulfilling their promise to their patrons. That persons will harshly criticise this work, and that too, when the greatest array of facts testify, to the correct- ness of the book, is conceded ; but the value of a record like this will only be appreciated in future years, when a greater portion of its pages would have been lost or forgotten, had not a laudable enterprise rescued them from oblivion. To attempt a criticism on another is thought, by some, to show wisdom and culture; to such the following lines of Pope appro- priately apply: "Some have at first for wits, then poets, passed ; Turn'd critics next, and proved plain fools at last." NAME. Clustering around the name of an object are associate thoughts as immortal as the name itself. If, as has been said, " there is nothing in a name," then history is vain; for often a single name contains much history. The name Washington signifies to the mind more than any three syllables uttered by American freemen. A name is not merely a single sound or combination of sounds. It has perpetual existence. The person or thing may die or [vanish away and be forgotten, but the name will live forever. Even the ideal. picture of Homer, the greatest of poets, will fade from earth, but his name will not leave the pages of history till time shall be no more. So much importance is attached to the name of an object, that it becomes the first thing claiming attention, Immediately after the creation God brought every living thing unto Adam to see what he would call them. Nothing exists apart from its name, but the name exists perpetu- ally without the object. In this world there is very little unalloyed truth, but in the expression, " there is everything in a name," we have a state- ment much nearer universal truth, than in the expression "there is nothing in a name." For ages the names of heroes have been given to places and things. 208 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. During the short history of America, its great men have been honored in the name of numberless counties, townships, cities, towns, municipalities and post-offices. The great name of Washington is met everywhere, from the capital of the Nation, down to the smallest hamlet of a rural district. Franklin, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant and many other names applied to places are found in every section, and in every State of our Union. It may be asked why, if there be so much in a name, we do not give the most impor- tant name to the most important object. The reason of this is that some names are so much above any terrestrial object that they are never used n that connection. The appellations of Diety are too sacred to be given to mercenary individuals and perishable objects of the world. God holds no man guiltless who takes his name in vain. So exalted is the name of Christ that it is written, "at the name of Jesus, every knee shall bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth." In our State of Missouri, we have counties bearing the immortal names of Benton, Boone, Clay, Douglas, Franklin, Green, Harrison, Henry, Jackson, Johnson, Lafayette, Lincoln, Madison, Pettis, Washington, Webster, and many others. It has become a favorite custom to have a county and other smaller political divisions of territory known by the name of some individual, but a State or Nation is not thus named. Many names are given by accident. Some places take the name of a river, mountain or original tribe. Our language has become enriched by the new names which have crept into it, and by the modification of old ones. Hon. Spencer Pettis.— We herewith give a brief biographical sketch of the eminent man whose name this county bears. He was born in the State of Virginia in the year 1802, receiving an academical education, subsequently studied law, commencing the practice of his profession at Fayette, Howard county, Missouri. At an early age he displayed great ability, and soon rose to the very best estimation of the people of his adopted State. At the age of twenty-seven years he appeared in the zenith of his political glory before the people, as a candidate to Congress. Prior to this date (1828), Missouri had sent but two representatives to Congress, Hon. John Scott, elected in 1820, serving six years, and Hon. Edward Bates, elected in 1826, serving two years. In this campaign there were three candidates for Congress: Edward Bates, a Whig, and Wm. Carr Lane and Spencer Pettis, Democrats, the .latter of whom so equally divided the strength of the party that the election of Hon. Edward Bates was inevitable if both continued in the race. Finally, the question as to which of the two should retire was submitted to Col. Benton. He, without hesitation, decided that Lane should withdraw and Pettis con- tinue before the people. This fact was made known by sending and posting hand-bills throughout the State, for at that time there were no HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 209 lines of telegraph and but few newspapers. The result of this election was that Pettis was elected by a handsome majority. Hon. Spencer Pettis was a warm friend of Col. Thomas H. Benton and an outspoken Demo- crat, who had earnestly entered ,the contest against United States banks, in harmony with Gen. Jackson. He served in the Twenty-first Congress from December 7th, 1829, to March 3d, 1831. During the administrations of Andrew Tackson (1820.-1829), who was really the people's choice for president in 1824, when the house of repre- sentatives gave the office to John Q. Adams, the war against the United States National Bank by the military hero, whose great talents,' inflexible honesty and iron will were unassailable, created considerable excitement throughout Missouri, and all over the Union. In 1830 politics was warmly discussed in Missouri. At that time Missouri contained but one congressional district, and the Hon. Spencer Pettis, a shrewd, talented young lawyer of St. Louis, was a candidate for re-election to congress. He was a supporter of Jackson's administration, and caustic and severe in his opposition to the national bank. No doubt the Hon. Spencer Pettis had become the most popular politicians in the State. At his last election he had a large majority over the Hon. David Barton, who had lately retired from the United State Senate, and had been brought forward by his friends for the lower house of congress. During the political canvass many personal controversies appeared in the public prints, some of which had a melancholy termination. It appears that Mr. Pettis had a personal quarrel with Maj. Thomas Biddle, then paymaster in the United States army, and a brother of Nicholas Riddle, then president of the United States bank. Another brother of his was Commodore Biddle, of the navy. Through the influence of the Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Mr. Pettis was prevented from going into a duel with Mr. Biddle until after the election, which was then the first Monday in August. After the election a chal- lenge passed from Mr. Pettis to Mr. Biddle, which was accepted, and the parties met on the sand bar, opposite the city of St. Louis, August 27th, (Friday), 1831. It is said by old settlers that the river was. lined by people on both sides to witness the tragedy. On account of Mr. Biddle's near-sightedness, the distance measured was five feet, so that when they presented their pistols they overlapped. The firing was simultaneous. Both were mortally wounded, and when notified of this fact by the sur- geons, like Hamlet and Laertes, they mutually forgave one another. Mr. Pettis died the next morning, and was buried on the following Sun- day, the day on which Mr. Biddle expired. Thus ended the career of one of the most prominent young men of Missouri. The following appears in the archives at Washington: "Spencer Pettis, St. Louis Co., Mo., elected August, 1828, for two years. Re-elected 1830. Killed in a duel with Biddle, August, 1831. Term of service, three years. " 210 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. So dear was this young hero and champion of the people's rights in the memory of those who associated in forming this county out of Cooper and Saline counties, on January 26th, 1833, that the name of Pettis was bestowed upon it. Messrs. Joseph S. Anderson, of Cooper county, John Stapp, of Lafayette county, and John S. Rucher, of Howard county, were commissioners in 1834, to locate the county seat of Pettis. Accord- ingly they met at St. Helena, commonly known by the soubriquet of Pin Hook, or Wasson's Mill, in the following March, and in 1837, Gen. David Thompson, father of Mr. Mentor Thompson, now of Sedalia, assisted in " laying out " Georgetown, naming it for Georgetown, Ky., his old home. • Soon after the duel between Pettis and Biddle was fought, the name Bloody Island was applied to the ground upon which the fatal tragedy tbok place. The name of Pettis is supposed to have formerly been spelled Pettus. Sir John Pettus, an English writer, was born in Suffolk, England. He became deputy governor of the royal mines, and published "The History, Laws, and Places of the Chief Mines in England and Wales," in the year 1670. He died about A. D. 1690. CHAPTER II.— EARLY SETTLEMENT AND PIONEERS. Introduction — Habits and Characteristics of Pioneers — First Houses — Bedsteads — Manner of Cooking — Hominy Blocks — Early Mills — Farming — Hospitality and Traits of E»rly Settlers— Pin Hook Settlement — Flat Creek--Georgetown— Early Manner Of Farming — Incidents — Names of Settlers. The early settlers, where are they? They are falling one by one : A few more years may pass away, And leave but few or none. Since .the period when the early setdements were made within the limits of what is now called Pettis county, Time, the great monarch of all things perishable, has made various changes. The ranks of families have been thinned and the surface of the earth materially changed. The slow and unobserved "old man with hi§ sickle" has visited every dwelling, thrust- ing in his wiry blade regardless of nationality, home, or honor, so now numbers of the old pioneers sleep beneath the soil they once tilled. The writer is touched with the reverting thought of remembering many of the plain and hospitable men of the west, whose unsullied hearts and inter- minable energy of purpose, gave to this country its birthright, and its wholesome outlook in the dark days of hardships, who now rest from their labors. As long as the sands of time unceasingly roll, may the his- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 211 torian's pen incessantly recount the matchless worth of these pioneers, who cleared the way for the following generations. After spending considerable time in gathering materials, from records and old settlers, we find it impossible in these pages to give a full detail of the early settlements and pioneers of Pettis county. Every nation does not possess an authentic account of its origin, and many communities of com- paratively recent date, from whence their origin may be traced. The old Latins said, "Forsan el haec olim meminisse javabi't," which means that perhaps it will be pleasant hereafter to remember these things. Never- theless, to be interested in such things is characteristic of the human race, and it comes particularly within the province of the historian to deal with the first causes. If at times these facts be lost, as is often the case when drawing from traditions, and the chronicler invades the realm of the ideal world and paints the missing picture, it should be accepted as pertinent to the theme. The patriotic Roman was not content till he had famed the " First Settlers," although the story of their lineage was not so tasteful to the cultured patricians. One of the advantages of a new country, and the one usually least appreciated, is to be able to go to the beginning. Through this avenue the historian can trace results to their causes, and grasp the facts which have contributed to bring about events and mould characters. When we observe that a county has attained a certain position in contrast with other counties, we cast about for the reasons of the present conditions, by going to its early settlements and surroundings. In this way the changes which have produced the great enterprises of to-day may be accurately recorded. In the history of Pettis county we may trace, in some instances, the early settlers to their old homes in the older States, and in the countries of the Old World, from whence they came. We may follow the course of the Buckeye, Sucker, Hoosier, Knickerbocker, Green-Mountain, and Nutmeg boys in striking contrast with the Corncrackers, Tuckyhoes, Tarheels, Whelps, and Texas Rangers, as we arrange the ann.als of the pioneers for compilation. For more than a century the provincialisms of the different sections of the Union have been marked by a deep contrast. The sturdy sons of New England " guess it is rearing and education," while the Dixie boys "reckon it is raising and family caste." In this county and the west generally, the people have been, little by little, losing the tinge of their sectional bias, so that at this period it is dif- ficult to tell the difference. East, west, north, and south have been blended into harmony of feeling and purpose. The prejudices that once prompted different localities to become antagonistic have passed away. The customs, dress, language, diet, and sundry things peculiarly western are now quite different from those of the pioneers of Pettis county. 212 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Often the adventurer came to the west to " grow up" with the country, trusting only to his strong arm and willing heart to work his way on in the world. It was in this way many a penniless, ambitious young man secured a home in this county for his loving wife, and a good maintenance for his children. Here, fifty years ago, the pioneer hunter chased the deer, elk, and bear, where now are broad and well cultivated fields. It was by industry and economy that the pioneers left their children pleas?; ant homes in many instances. Here we may see the path worn by the IVTissourian in his experience in a land which, to him, was a country far more preferable than that, southern and eastern soil where he made his former home. We may see here the growth which came with knowledge, and the progress which grew upon him with advancement, and how his better nature was developed. The vanishing pride of Kentucky, or the vain-glory of other sections, brought here in an early day, have been modified since the advent of new measures in the crucible of democracy, forever eliminating servitude from the solu- tion, and establishing freedom and education in its stead. Others have been animated with the impulse to move on, after makipg themselves a part of the community, left for the west where civilization had not gone, some becoming wealthy returned, to Pettis county, while many remained in their new homes. In this county there were but few of the distinctive New England men and women or Yankees, a class of people with abundant nerve and brain force which have poured into western and southern states since the war by thousands, swelling the population and wealth of those regions in ex- cess of any previous flow of emigration. This class brought with them a proclivity, inherent, submissive and courteous, which has tended to smooth the angles of western society and deaden the execrable feeling that had so long drawn the lines of sectional division. The agile New Englander : will soon be a perfect Missourian and his offspring will tell the, story of the adventure and feel ever thankful that they have a cheerful home, in the favored spot of the west. In Pettis county may be found many an indus- trious, economical German, besides other nationalities — all of whom have contributed to modify types of men already living here. Those who have noted the career of the brave, strong men in subduing the wilds, overcoming the obstacles and withstanding the hardships of this county in early times, can but admit that the first settlers were worthy sons of illustrious sires. During the decade which comprehends the period prior to 1820, the history of this section was made up of the earliest stage of pioneer life. About all that we can gather from this time is drawn from tradition. In those days the people took but little care to preserve history; they were too busily engaged in making it. Historically speaking, those were the HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 213 most important years in the growth of this section. It was then the corner-stone of all the county's history and prosperity was laid. How- ever, this period was not remarkable for its stirring events, if we leave out the admission of the State into the Union. It was, morover, a time of self-reliance, brave persevering toil, mingled with privations patiently endured through faith in the good time coming. Invariably, the first set- tlers were quite poor, mutually facing the same dangers and standing upon the same footing. All the experience of the early pioneers of this county goes far to con- firm the theory that, after all, happiness is pretty evenly balanced in the world. They had their privations and hardships, but they had, also, their own peculiar joys. If they were poor, they were free from the burden of pride and vanity, unless inherent in their nature, being exempt from the anxiety and care that always attend the possession of wealth. Other peo- ple's eyes cost them nothing. If they had few neighbors they were gen- erally on good terms. Envy and jealousy had never crept in. A com- mon interest and mutual sympathy bound them together with the closest ties. They were a little world to themselves, and the good feeling that prevailed was all the stronger, because they were so far removed from the dense populated cities of the east. A fine hospitable feeling existed among the pioneers, arising partially from their social state of welfare. There were no castes, no aristocracy, except an aristocracy of kind hearts and benevolence. They were bound together with a bond of sympathy begotten by the consciousness of com- mon hardships. In the early times, neighbors did not wait for an invitation or request to help one another. Whenever a settler's cabin, was burned or blown down, no sooner was the fact known, than the neighbors turned out to assist the unfortunate man in rebuilding his house. In this work they came with as little hesitation and as much alacrity as if they were all members of the same family, bound together by the ties of consanguinity. What was one man's interest was the interest of the whole community. It must be remembered that this feeling among the pioneers was, by no means, peculiar: to Pettis county, although it was strongly illustrated here. It prevailed among all the old settlements of Missouri. The very nature of circumstances taught the settlers the necessity of dwelling together in this spirit. It was their only protection. They had come, many of. them, far away from the well established i eign of law, and settled in a new country, where the civil authority was yet feeble, and unable to afford protection and redress grievances. Here in Pettis county, some of the old settlers lived quite a while before there was a single officer of the law in the county. Each man's protection was in the good will and friendship of those about him, and the one thing that any person might 214 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. well dread, was the ill-will of the community; for it was more terrible than the law. The law has its squabbles and delays, but there is no squabbling or delaying at the court of public sentiment. It was no com- mon thing in early times for hardened men, who had no fear of jails, to stand greatly in awe of the indignant community. Such were some of the characteristics of the first settlers of Pettis county; nevertheless, they were generally peaceable, quiet law-abiding citizens, and for several years these pioneers had but few law-suits, and cared very little for anything except domestic affairs. They had no time to waste in neighborhood quarrels. Their charitable hand was ever open to welcome the stranger who had cast his lot with them, to share mutually what was in reserve. The first buildings of the county were not just like the log cabins that were afterwards erected. The latter was regarded as buildings of nota- bility, requiring some help and considerable labor and expense for those times. The first dwellings were a cross between pole cabins and Indian bark huts. Many of the pioneers thus began life in the west, but soon after this house-raising called numbers of the settlers together to assist each other in erecting substantial log houses. A few pioneers yet live, who remember the happiest time of life as that when they lived in one of those plain but comfortable log houses. In the pioneer's house a window with sash and glass was a rarity, and an evidence of wealth and aristocracy which but few could afford. The windows were more often made by cutting out a log or taking out a few chinks. The doors were fastened with old-fashioned wooden latches, and swung on wooden hinges. These houses were tenements suited to the times. For friend, for neighbor or traveler the latch-string always hung on the outside of the door. The pioneers were hospitable, entertaining visitors, even strangers without any charge. It is quite noticeable with what affection and attachment the old settlers speak of their log cabins. It may be doubted whether palaces ever shel- tered happier hearts than those who lived in rudely constructed log houses* The following is a brief descriptiou of the pioneer's dwelling : These cabins were of round logs and poles, notched together at the corners, ribbed with poles, and covered with boards split from a tree. A puncheon floor was laid down, a hole cut in the end of the building where a stick and mud chimney was built. In some houses a window was made by cutting out a hole in the side or end, which had no glass or trans- parency save the light of heaven. The cracks were stopped or chinked with blocks of wood and mud. The one-legged bedstead — now a piece of furniture of the past — was made by cutting a stick the proper length, boring holes in the logs of the. cabin one and one-half inches in diameter, at right angles, and the same-sized hole corresponding for the triangular part which was fastened in the floor or ground, poles made the bed rails. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 215 and from pole to pole hickory bark was often interwoven or clapboard were laid across, and upon this structure a straw or shuck mattress was laid, and sometime a feather tick was placed still over this. The house- hold and kitchen furniture were all in the same little room. The conven- ience of the cooking stove was not thought of then, but instead, the food was prepared by the or greenish yellow silicious substance, which rapidly decomposes when exposed, and leaves the rock full of irregular cavities, and covered with rough projecting points." Prof. Meek observed it in Morgan county, a few miles from the line, but it is thought that it is not found in this county. The Saccharoidal sandstone is the next formation below. It is usually a white friable sandstone, made up of globular concretions and angular fragments of limpid quartz. Sometimes it is a mass of slightly coherent particles of silex which very much resembles loaf sugar. It occurs in the county, but I have not the thickness of this or any of the other formations of this system. The Second Magnesian limestone underlies the above, and is exposed at many places through the southern portion of the county. It consists of light grayish and flesh-colored concretionary layers, with beds of sand- stone and "cotton rock." In the adjoining county of Morgan it attains a thickness of 175 feet. The "cotton rock" of this formation is very soft when first taken from the quarry, and can be easily wrought. It is more durable than its appearance would indicate, as it hardens on exposure. The Capitol at Jefferson City, and Smith's Hall of our city, are built of this rock. This limestone is probably the lowest formation that outcrops in the county. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 229 In the " Geology from Sedalia to Kansas City," by Prof. Broadhead, ' the following summary is given: 1. Sandstone, twenty feet. 2. Cherts and clays, thirty feet. 3. Burlington limestone, fifty feet. 4. Chouteau limestone, ninety-nine feet. 5. Cooper marble, fourteen feet. 6. First Magnesian limestone, thirty-four feet. Total: 247 feet of rocks below the coal measures. It will be seen that this gives the First Magnesian limestone, but it was probably an oversight, and if not there should at least two formations lower than it be given, if it embraces the whole county. It is evident from the preceding statements that there is much yet to be learned about both the geology and the paleontology of the county, facts which are not simply those of minor detail, but of great importance. The re-establishment of the office of State Geologist might help in this matter, and it is to be hoped that our legislature will soon make this an accom- plished fact, and appropriate sufficient funds to allow the reports that may be made to be an honor to the state. ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Building Stone. — The quarries north of Sedalia have furnished founda- tion stone principally, the best quality being from the Burlington beds. During the past summer large blocks of these were obtained for building the piers of the bridge across Flat Creek, and for the Water Works dam. The Magnesian limestone, which was in the piers of the old bridge, cracked and became worthless on exposure to the weather; The most of the Chouteau beds produce a rock which breaks with a conchoidal sur- face, and is difficult to get in good shape. There are, however, uniform layers of very hard limestone six miles east of Sedalia, on Fred Leuke's- farm, from which the magnificient curbing and sidewalk flagging used in Sedalia are obtained. The curb-stones are from six to fourteen feet in length, while a thinner bed. in the same quarry supplies rock of proper thickness for sidewalks, and slabs are taken out three to six by ten feet, so that no city can show finer curbing and sidewalks than Sedalia can. Lime. — In the neighborhood of Georgetown are several lime kilns, in which Burlington limestone is made into excellent lime. Clay. — On and near Little Muddy, north of Dresden, and two and one- half mile southwest of Dresden, are beds of clay, mostly olive or white, sometimes tinged with red. They are fifteen to twenty feet thick, arid several establishments, at Dresden, Lamonte, and Calhoun, are engaged in manufacturing pottery from them. In the northwest part of the county, below the coal measures, and above the Burlington, is chert, intermingled 230 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. with potter's clay, and at the Railroad Hospital, in Sedalia, sirniliar beds were passed through in digging a well; in these, the clay had the appear- ance of being decayed chert. Coal. — This has already been noticed. Efforts are now being made to find the extent of the field in the northeast part of the ' county, which has been found in places thirty feet thick. Lead. — Lead has been found in Missouri in the different formations from the Coal Measures to the Third Magnesian limestone. It occurs in various parts of the county, but has not yet been obtained in paying quan- tities. Some five miles south of Sedalia considerable prospecting was done in the Magnesian limestone, in three places. At one there was a vein six inches across, ten feet from the surface, but on reaching a bed of cotton rock at that depth the vein gave out. A few rods from this a shaft was sunk, starting from near the top of a rocky bluff, and a depth of fifty feet was reached before rock was struck. It seemed to be a chimney, but it proved to be a barren one. A short distance from this another shaft was sunk, upon a hill side, and large quantities of barytes taken out, but no ead. In Ritchie's addition to Sedalia there are deposits which are in the chert and dirt beds of the Burlington, and considerable mineral has been taken out in sinking wells and cisterns. In the southeast part of the county lead is found in many places, but it is not at present mined at any of them. Zinc. — The black jack of the miners occurs in the county, but so far as yet discovered only in small quantities. Mr. D. W. Bouldin sunk a shaft on Spring Fork, from which was taken a moderate quantity, including some very fine zinc crystals. Barytes.^-The Narrow Gauge R. R. passes close by the place before mentioned, where sulphate of barytes occurs, and it might there fee had in paying quantities. South of Smithton, in prospecting for lead, some very -fine crystals of barytes, having a broad band of white on their edges, were found, and at a point east of the water works, under similar circum- stances, the flat variety of crystal, having only a coating of white on the edge, was obtained, they being, in some cases, as much as four inches- across. This latter form is rare, and the finest I have ever seen from any locality. Emery. — A few years ago a company did some work in shipping emery from a bank in this county. It was at the time claimed to be of a superior quality, but for some reason there has been no work done for some years. Marble. — In the north part of the county, on the Lamine river, there crops out from two to four feet of fine grained, drab, magnesian lime- stone, containing many disseminated particles of calcite. This rock admits HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 231 of a fine polish, but would not look well after out-door exposure. It belongs above the First Magnesian limestone. ARCHAEOLOGY. The archaeology of Europe differs very .materially from that of ours. There they have evidences of the earlier existence of man than what we have and the progress of the people through the stone age, the iron age, the bronze age and up to a development higher than was attained by any of the peoples who inhabited within the limits of the United States can be traced. The early people of this country perhaps had not the time to pass through these different stages, or for some reason not now fully under- stood the people of a higher development were swept away by those of a lower. The former we, for want of a better term, call Mound Builders, and some of the mounds left by them are wonderful monuments of the industry if not skill of that people. Their remains "indicate that the ancient population was numerous and wide spread, as shown from the number and magnitude of their works, and the extensive range of their occurrance; that it was essentially homo geneous incustoms, habits, religion and government, as appears from the great uniformity which the works display, not only in respect to position. and form, but in all minor particu- lars; and that the features common to all the remains identify them as appertaining to a single grand system, owing its origin to a family of men, moving in the same generajl direction, acting under common impulses and influenced by similar causes." Their mounds indicate. a large and warlike, population, and to sustain it agricultural pursuits must have been extensively followed and our prairies may in the long past have been, dptted over with fields of corn. .The State contains some of the most celebrated mound remains of this people, and the implements and utensils taken from them have gone to enrich many an eastern collection. No mounds of this, people are in this county so that its archaeology is not as interesting as that of many others. One locality, four miles from Sedalia, furnishes many specimens of stone implements which are supposed to belong to the mound builder period, and it is doubtless the site of a mound builder townor encampment. While this people may not have been resident in thecounty long enough to build mounds, or their circumstances and the causes for building them may not have operated for this here, yet they were doubtless resident within the limits of the county for a time at least. From the locality mentioned I have obtained some hundreds of speci- mens, including chipped and ground implements. The chert specimens are generally large rude implements of a variety, of forms some of which are not common elsewhere. Some of the spear shaped ones are finely made. There are no arrow shapes and but one or two barbed implements. 232 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. The axes are from two inches in length to very finely shaped ones of six pounds weight. The abundance of the specimens may be seen from the fact that the ground has been hunted over every time it has been plowed for five or six years and yet on a late trip made when there had been no rain after it had been plowed, I gathered seventy-five specimens in one hour's time, and in the same time after a rain I picked up ninety speci- mens. In other parts of the county the ordinary Indian type implements are met with. LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS. The distribution and comparative abundance of land shells is controlled by the character of the soil and surface, the presence or absence of shade and moisture, and other causes. North of and near the Ohio river they are in great numbers, butthis is not so in this county. A few species are in comparative abundance in certain places, but as compared with the locality named nearly all of them are rare. The fact that we have a rather large number of species is evidence that there is something which is oper- ating here, that is not opposed to shell life and still is not con- ducive to its multiplication in individual numbers. The most of our species are common in the northern United States, though some species are of a southern character; for instance, the Bulimulus dealbatus is found, though in a limited area, a few miles from Sedalia, the most northern point, perhaps, to which it extends. The following list is made up from the results of the writer's collecting in the county, and while nearly complete is not entirely so: 1. Hyalina arborea, Say, common. 2. Hyalina viridula, Mke, common. 3. Hyalina minuscula, Binn. 4. Hyalina ligera, Say. 5. Hyalina fulva, Dr. 6. Helicodiscus lineata, Say. 7. Macrocyclis concava, Say, rare. 8. Patula solitaria, Say . These are about one-half the size of the same species as found in Indiana. 9. P. alternata, Say. This is also smaller than the Indiana specimens, but there is not so much difference as in the last species. 10. Strobila labyrinthica, Say, not plenty. 11. Stenotrema kirsuta, Say, common. 12. S. leaii, Ward, plenty. This fine little shell has generally been given as a variety of S. monodon. 13. Triodopsis inflecta, Say, common. 14. Mesodon albolabrts, Say, common. A large, light-colored, some- what flattened variety, similar to that found at Eureka Springs, Ark. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 233 15. M. elevata, Say, plenty. But little smaller than Indiana specimens. 16. M. thyroides, Say, plenty. 17. M. clausa, Say, not common. 18. Bulimulus dealbatus, Say, not common. 19. Pupa fallax, Say, common. 20. P. armifera, Say, common. 21. P. contractu, Say, plenty. 22. P. 23. Vertigo 24. Succinea ovah's, Gould, rare. 25. 5. lineata, W. G. Binn, very rare. 26. Tebennophorus carolinensis, Bose; 27. Carychium exguum, rare. Of Fresh Water Shells the species are not numerous, but the individ- uals are. The following have been collected: 28. Lymncea columella, Say. I found this shell with Planorbis trivolvis, Physa gyrina and Spharium partumeium, in the fountain in Mr. O. A. Crandall's yard in Sedalia, they having hatched from eggs which came from Flat creek throught the pipes of the water works or a distance of two or three miles. 29. L. humilis, Say. Two quite distinct forms, one nearly twice the size of the other, the smaller being the stronger and more solid shell. Each was found in but one locality. 30. Physa gyrina, Say. This species varies greatly in the different streams. I found some very fine specimens on Spring Fork, with eroded apex, which have been identified by all collectors to whom they have been submitted, as P. hildrethiana, though the same persons identified the younger and smaller specimens as gyrina. 31. P. heterostrofhe, Say, common. 32. Planorbis bicarinatus, Say, common. 33. P. trivolvis, Say, very common. 34. P. a minute species not identified. 35. Ancylus tardus, Say, not plenty. 36. Melantho decisa, Say, plenty. 37.. Amnicola-porata, Say, plenty. 38. Sphmrium sulcatum, Low, plenty. 39. S. partumeium. Say, plenty. 40. Pisidium variabile, Prime, plenty. 41. P. (undetermined) rare. Not having a reliable list of the Unionidce I will not include them here. REPTILIA. The only branch of Reptilia that has been locally studied is that of 234 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Testudinata. The following list will show a large number of species and varieties, several of which have not heretofore been published as inhabit- ing this state: 1. Cistudo clausa, (Gm) Box Turtle. This is common. The three toed variety triunguis is generally found in the timber and is of more uniform color than typical specimens. It is also plenty. 2. C. ornata, Ag, plenty. A single specimen of the variety triunguis of this species was taken here. Prof. Beard of the Smithsonian Institute, obtained two from Southern Illinois. I have heard of no others with the above exception. 3. Ckrysemys ficta, Ag., The Pictured Turtle. The species as found here differs very much from the eastern specimens, and is more nearly like the variety oregonensis. Some of the specimens are very beautiful in their marking. They are abundant. It has not been pub- lished as occurring so far west. 4. Malacoclemmys geographicns, Cope, Map Turtle. 5. M. lesueuri, plenty. 6. Pseudemys troostii, (Holbr), scarce. 7. Pseudemys elegans, (Wid), The Elegant Terapin, not uncommon. 8. Pseudemys concinna, plenty. 9. Aromochelys odoratus, Gray, The Musk Turtle or Stink Pot. This has been cohsidered an eastern turtle, occurring as far west as Indiana, but it is very common here. 10. Chelydra serpentina, Schw, common snapping turtle. As in other parts of the country east of the Rocky mountains, it is here plenty. 11. Aspidonectes s-pinifer, Ag., common soft-shell turtle. 12. A. ferox, a Southern soft-shell, but found here. This gives a total of more than one-forth of the species found in the United States. Of the lizards the Opheosaurus ventralis, the Glass or Joint snake, occurs here. The popular belief that this "snake" can fall to pieces, and afterwards that the parts will come together is, of course, an error. The tail is, as in the case of all lizards, easily broken off, and after being broken a new tail will grow out, but not so perfect as the first one. Scorpions have their habitation as far north as this, and while one or two cases have been reported of finding tarantulas here, I think they were not native. ORNITHOLOGY. No list of the birds found here has ever bee'ri made out, and there are but few notes that I can give of interest. Among thti birds which breed here are the turkey buzzard and the great blue heron, there being a colony of the latter south of Smithton. Not unfequently birds from the coast are shot here, they being driven by storm, perhaps, or other cause, inland. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 235 236 HISTORY OF. PETTIS COUNTY. In a small collection of eggs belonging to the writer is a set of albino blue bird eggs. About five days after they were taken from the nest the bird, commenced laying another set, which were of the ordinary blue color. A flock of geese, belonging to ex-Marshal Kelly, of Sedalia, presents an interesting feature of malformations. In 1873 a gander had one of its wings so injured that it hung horizontally at right angles to the body, in the same manner as is not unfrequently seen in other flocks, as a result of injuries received. In 1874, one of the young of the flock presented a wing similarly affected ; the following year its offspring showed the same features, and this has been continued to the present time. As many as two-thirds of the flock have at one time presented this peculiarity, some in both wings. Believing that it was a case of " the inheritance of effects of injuries," Mr. R. A. Blair published an account of it, and sent a copy to Mr. Charles Darwin, and received from him the following letter: Dear Sir .••— I am much obliged to you for kindly informing me of the case of the goose. It seems to be a remarkable case of inheritance of effects of injury, and as such cases are very rare, it would be quite worth while to have the facts carefully examined. If you could obtain a wing, and would send it to me, I should be much obliged. The wing might be cut off#t the joint with the body, and dried with feathers" on, before a hot fire. To make the case of more value, it would be very advisable to ascertain whether the goose had any offspring before the injury, and if so, whether they were, normal, and not malformed in any way. Dear sir, yours faithfully, Charles Darwin. Mr. Blair then sent a wing of one of the geese, and received the follow- ing answer: Dear Sir : — You will think that I have been very neglectful in not hav- ing sooner thanked you for the wing of the goose, the photograph, and your last interesting letter ; but I thought it best to wait until receiving Prof. Flower's report, and you will see by the enclosed the cause of his delay. If you are willing to take the trouble to get your interesting case thoroughly investigated, it will be necessary to procure from the owner the wings of half a dozen birds, some of them quite young - ; and, if possi- ble, the old one which had his wing broken. They ought to be sent in spirits, and they had better be addressed to Prof. Flower, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, and I had better be informed when they are dispatched. Should you be inclined to take so much trou- ble, I hope you will allow me to say "that I should be very glad to pay for the geese, and for the several other contingent expenses. Your first letter and Prof. Flower's had better be returned to me hereafter. There is one other point which ought, if possible, to be ascertained, viz: when the old gander had his wing broken, was it wounded so that blood was dis- charged? If wounded, did the wound suppurate? Did the wing heal quickly orslowly? These are important points in relation to the inherit- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 237 ance of mutilations. Pray accept my best thanks for your kindness, and I remain, Dear Sir, Yours faithfully, Charles Darwin. A number of wings were then sent to Dr. Flower, who made a report to Mr. Darwin, in which he says: " The bones, muscles, and ligaments seem quite normal, except for this twisting on their axis, which exactly corresponds, as I mentioned before, to talipes or club foot in man. The wings of the very little goslings being dried and very small could not be examined with any good result, but the most curious and unsatisfactory part of the whole thing is that the wing of the old gander, the supposed_/ors et origo of all the the mischief, is per- fectly normal, and presents no trace of ever having been injured in any way discoverable after the closest examination. It has certainly never been broken or dislocated, though, of course, we cannot be sure whether it may not have had a partial twist from which it Has now recovered." With this letter and with the full and detailed report of Dr. Flower's assistant, Mr. Darwin wrote as follows: Dear Sir : — Professor Flower has suffered from a long illness, and this has caused much delay in the examination of the wings of the geese. But I received yesterday his report and letter which I inclose, as you may like to see them. I fear that there is no connection between the deformity and the injury. The owner when he saw several goslings thus deformed, a not uncommon form of quasi inheritance, remembered the accident, and naturally attributed the deformity to this cause. It has been proba- bly a case of "post hoc" and not "propter hoc". I grieve that you should have expended so much time, trouble and great kindness in vain. As for myself I am well accustomed in my experimental work to get definite results but once in three or four times, and thus alone can science prosper. With my renewed thanks, I remain Dear Sir, yours faithfully,- Charles Darwin. While the thorough investigation this case received, showed it was not what at first supposed, it is still an interesting one, especially in view of Mr. Darwin's connection with it. On the other hand it does not seem to carry out the theory of Darwin that "only those variations which are in some way profitable will be preserved or naturally selected," as this pecul- iarity is one which is a positive disadvantage, and while those thus affected are not the "fittest," they still "survive." ENTOMOLOGY. The late Mr. Hayhurst made extensive collections in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but after his death his collection was taken from the county and is probably now scattered. The writer has a few hundred species of colleoptera taken around Sedalia, and this is now the only approach to a collection in the county. But few insects have either regular or occasional migratory habits, but in different countries there have been frequent occurrences of swarms of 3 238 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. butterflies. So far as they have been traced in this country they have proven to be of the genus Daaiis archifflus or the Archippus butterfly. In the latter part of September, 1878, a swarm of many thousands of them settled down in the yard of Col. A. D.Jaynes in Sedalia, and remained for some days almost covering the trees upon which they rested. For some years our State had the office of Entomologist, and Prof. C. V. Riley published nine annual reports, which have much of interest to farmers and to entomologists. The state honored itself in producing a series of reports more extensive than any other, and the general govern- ment has supplemented its work by issuing a full index of the set. BOTANY. More of our residents have made a study of this branch than of any other, as the subject has been taught in our public schools. Complete lists have not, however, been made out, and I will give only that of the trees and shrubs: Prunus serotina, wild black cherry. Pirus coronoria, crabapple. Virburnum -prunifolium, black haw. Cratcegus cocciuea, hawthorn. Asimina triloba, papaw. Diosfiyros virginiana, persimmon. Prunus americana, red plum. Rubus canadensis, blackberry, Pibes , currant. Sambucus canadensis, elderberry. Morus rubra, mulberry. Pubus occidentalis, raspberry. Amelanchier canadensis, service berrv. Vitis mstivalis, summer grape. Vitis cordifolia, frost grape. Coryhes americana, hazel. Carya alba, common hickory. Carya sulcata, thick shell hickory. Carya forcina, pignut hickory. Juglans nigra, blackwalnut. Juglans cinerea, butternut. Jt>uercus alba, white oak. Quercus frinus, chestnut oak. £>uercus rubria, red oak. Quercus stellata, post oak. £>uercus tinctoria, black oak. £>uercus palustris, pin oak. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 239 Jguercus heterophylla, Bartram's oak. Aesulus glabra, buckeye. Gymnocladus canadensis, coffee tree. Celtis occidentolis, hackberry. Sassafras officinale, sassafras. Rhus typhina, sumac. Zanthoxylum clava-hercidia, prickly ash. Cornusflorida, dog wood. Acer sacckarinum, sugar tree. Acer dasycarfum, white maple. Fraxinus amcricana, white ash. Populus monilifera. cottonwood. JVegundo aceroides, box elder. Elmus americana, elm. Elmus fidva, slippery elm. Carpinus caroliniana, ironwood. Tilia americana, bass wood. Gleditschia triacanthos, honey locust. Platanus occidentalis, sycamore . Salix nigra, willow. Rosa setigera, prairie rose. Cercis canadensis, red bud. Sympkoricarpus vulgaris, coral berry. Not having sufficient data on other subjects I will not attempt to notice them, but hope that it will not be long till our growing and enterprising city will have many who will devote themselves to local investigations, and I am glad to know that the number of such persons is constantly increasing. 240 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. CHAPTER IV.— ORGANIZATION. Date of Organization— Treastise on County and Other Corporations— The Act Making Pettis County— Its Boundaries— Named for Hon. Spencer Pettis— The Second Act- Name of Commissioners to Locate County Seat— The Law making St. Helena the County Seat— The First Land Entry— First Deed Recorded— First Mortgage— Statutes of 1835 Denning County Boundaries— Area of County— Present Boundaries— The County Half a Century Old— Organization of Town of Georgetown— Organization of Schools— County Buildings — Township Organization — Description and Names of Townships . Pettis county was organized on the 26th day of January, 1838, by sev- erances effected from the counties of Saline and Cooper. Before proceeding to give the details of this organization, and formally- presenting to the reader the actors who carried into effect the will of the people, it will be well to consider the county system and its operations in general. No person, till he has investigated the subject, is aware of the unity which pervades the plan or the principles of law and government in- volved. Pettis county is no exception to the rule, and what applies to county organization throughout the world, is pertinent more or less to one whose history we trace on these pages. Just as a student of law can bet- ter understand the statutes and codes of the youthful states of the Ameri- can Union, by a careful study of the ancient common law of England and civil law of Rome, so he can with greater pleasure and profit, follow the practical workings of county affairs, having first obtained a clear idea of what such an organization has been and is still considered to be. Counties are quasi corporations. The Latin word quasi signifies as if, or almost. A county then is almost a corporation, or has certain features of a corporation. A corporation in the full acceptation of the term, is a body formed and authorized bylaw to act as a single person, and endowed with perpetual succession, as an expressly chartered city government, a bank or railroad company. Counties, townships, parishes, school districts, and some other political divisions of a county, are ranked as quasi corpora- tions. In Great Britain and most of her colonies, a county is a subdivision of territory corresponding to a province of Prussia, or a department of France. In the American Union, except Louisiana, which is divided into parishes, counties are divisions next in size and importance to states. This division, in England, is synonymous with the shire, but not so in Ireland; this di- vision is said to have originated in England, under the reign of the ancient Saxon kings, though popularly attributed to Alfred the Great. England and Wales contain fifty-two counties, Scotland thirty-three, and Ireland thirty-two. The principal officers of a county in England are' a lord lieu- tenant, a keeper of the rolls, a sheriff, a coroner, a receiver of general HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 241 taxes, justices of the peace, an under sheriff, and a clerk of the peace. The lord lieutenant has command of the militia of the county, the keeper of the rolls, or cuslos retulorum, is custodian of the archives. The other officers perform such duties as are naturally indicated in their titles. The United States for local government and other porposes are divided into counties, townships, school-districts, and municipal corporations. In all the counties in the several states and territories, including the parishes of Louisiana, there are officers who superintend the financial affairs, a court of inferior jurisdiction, and, at stated times, the circuit court, or supreme court. As the state is subordinate to, and a part of the federal government, so the county is a part of the state, but possessing only such rights as are dele- gated to it by the statutory enactments. The people in each local division have entire control over the subjects in which they only are interested ; and the whole works together like an extensive system of machinery, wheel fitted to wheel. There is very little opportunity for the exercise of arbitrary power, from the lowest to the highest. Executive power may be changed by election or impeachment, if the officers are recreant to duty, or do not give satisfaction, and there are constitutional provisions for making improvements if the people think they should be made. Thus our country is secured against serious and protracted discontents for which there is no remedial law as in some coun- tries, where the internal disturbances interrupt progress, and destroy the resources of the nation. The value of any office, from that of a school director to county judge, governor, or president, is determined by the re- lation it bears to the public welfare ; and when, in the opinion of the peo- ple, it ceases to be useful, there are means of laying it aside according to law. This is true democracy. The powers and rights of counties go no further than defined by statute, though it is provided that each is a body corporate with capacity to sue and be sued, to purchase and hold land within its own limits, and for the use of its inhabitants, subject to the power of the general assembly over the same, to make such contracts, and purchase and hold real estate and personal property, and to make such orders and regulations for the dis- position of such property as may be deemed conducive to the best interests of the people. When the general assembly deemed it necessary, or to the interest of the people to organize a new county, the first was to pass an act defining the boundaries and assigning a name to the new political division. The citizens living in the portions of Saline and Cooper counties, from which Pettis county was formed, were set off by the following act: Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: All that portion of territory, lying and' being south of Saline county proper, in the State of Misseuri, and which has heretofore been attached 242 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. to Saline county for all civil and military purposes, and also a part of the territory now composing the counties of Cooper and Saline, included within the following boundaries, to- wit: Beginning on the range line dividing ranges twenty-three and twenty-four, (the line now dividing Saline and Lafayette counties), at the northwest corner of section nine- teen, in township forty-eight; thence running due east with said section line, to the range line between ranges nineteen and twenty; thence due south with said range line, to the middle of the main channel of the river Osage; thence up said river Osage, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the southeast corner of Lafayette county; thence due north, with the range line dividing Saline and Lafayette counties to the begin- ning, be, and the same is hereby declared a separate and distinct county, to be known and called by the name of Pettis county. The courts to be holden in said county, shall be held at the house of James Ramey, until the tribunal transacting county business for said county shall "fix a temporary seat of justice for said county; and the county courts to be holden in said county, shall be held on the third Mon- days in February, May, August and November. It shall be the duty of the governor, so soon as it shall be convenient after the passage of this act, to appoint judges of the county court for the said county, who shall hold their offices until the next general election in eighteen hundred and thirty-four, and until their successors be duly elected and qualified. All taxes now due the counties of Saline and Cooper, by citizens resid- ing in the county of Pettis, shall be collected and paid to said counties of Saline and Cooper, in all respects, as if this act had not passed. This .act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. January 26, 1833. At this time the name of Hon. Spencer Pettis, who served the people as a member of congress when Missouri was but one congressional dis- trict, was fresh in the memory of the friends of this new county, hence its name. After the county was organized, the seat of justice was temporarily kept at St. Helena, which commonly bore the name of Pin Hook, till 1837. The following is an act in regard to the southern boundary of Pettis county, and selecting commissioners to locate the seat of justice: Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as fol- lows: The following shall be, and is hereby established as the permanent southern boundary of Pettis county : Beginning on the range line dividing ranges twenty-three and twenty-four, the line now dividing Lafayette ana Pettis counties, at the southwest corner of township forty-four; thence due east with said township line to the eastern boundary of Pettis county. Joseph S. Anderson, of Cooper county, John Stapp, of Lafayette county, and John S. Rucker, of Howard county, be and they are hereby appointed, commissioners to select and locate a site for the permanent seat of justice within and for the county of Pettis: -provided, however, the said commis- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 243 sioners shall select and locate said site within three and a half miles of the geographical center of the said county of Pettis. The said commissioners shall meet at St. Helena, in the said county of Pettis, on the first Monday of March next, for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of the second section of this act ; and before entering upon the duties hereby required, shall severally take an oath, as is required by the third section of an act, entitled an act to provide for organizing counties hereafter established, approved January 14th, 1825; and the said commissioners, circuit and county courts, shall perform all the duties, and be governed in all cases by the provisions of the above recited act ; and in case vacancies should occur, by death, resignation or otherwise, of said commissioners, the vacancy shall be filled agreeably to the provisions of the said act. The temporary seat of justice for Pettis county shall remain at St. Helena, until the permanent seat of justice is located, and a house provided suitable to hold court. December j, iSjj.. Owing to the fact that the county records containing the buisness trans- actions of the county courts for the first few years of the county's history having been destroyed or carried away, the historian must seek the most reliable source outside of the missing books. Daniel Klein made the first government entry in the county, July 16, 1823. The first deed was put on record June 14th, 1833, from Middleton Anderson to Andrew Anderson. The first mortgage is dated. July 9, 1834, and was made by E. B. Rathburn to George Gill. Qualified office seekers were hard to find here in the organization of the county. In the statutes of Missouri, approved February 20, 1835, defining county boundaries, the following appears: Pettis: beginning at the southwest corner of Saline county; thence east to the range line between nineteen and twenty ; thence south to the line between townships forty-three and forty-four; thence north to the begin- ning. Since then the boundary lines have been changed. Its greatest width is twenty-four miles, and its greatest length twenty-nine miles, containing 672 square miles, or an area of 430,080 acre. Since the boundaries were originally fixed, there has been an addition of twenty-four sections from townships 4 and 3, in ranges 22 and 23. This is on the southern end of the county. Now the county begins in the northwest corner of section 19, township 48, range 23, and extends east on township line to the northeast corner of section 24, township 48, range 20, thence south on the range line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 44, range 20, thence west on the township line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 44, range 21, thence south on range line to the southeast corner of section 12, township 43, range 22, thence west on township line to the southwest corner of section 7, township 43, range 23, thence north to the place of beginning. As will be noted elsewhere elaborately, this county has passed through 244 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. many changes. However, it has been fortunate enough to retain its good reputation and hold itself faithful for every emergency during the half a century through which it passed. The turmoils of internecine war did not blast this corporation, neither was it reluctant to duty, for during that struggle, those who could, assisted in holding together the common ties and interests of a county that citizens mutually hold sacred in self-defence and the protection of home and property. The fruits of this they now enjoy. Blackwater. Heath's Creek. | Bowling Green. Flat Creek No. 2, Elk Fork. Mt. Sterling No. 1. Mt. Sterling No. 2. Washington No. 1. Flat Creek No. ] . Washington No. 2. THIS MAP INDICATES THE VOTING PRECINCTS IN 1860. The town of Georgetown was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly of Missouri, January 4th, 1860. The first board of councilmen was organized with the following appointed members: John H. Griffin, Wilkins Watson, Thomas E. Staples, John Hancock, Elias Bixby, B. F. Hughes, and James H. Brown, who were to hold their office till their suc- cessors were elected and qualified. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 245 This town continued to grow from the time it was laid off as the county seat in 1837, up to the breaking out of the war in 1861. Three chartered seminaries existed here with good success at different times. The county- seat was changed to Sedalia in 1865, and since that time Sedalia has con- tinued to be the seat of justice of Pettis county. St. Helena remained the county seat until 1837, when Georgetown succeeded to the honor, and continued so till Sedalia took it away. Clifton Wood was the first mer- chant of Georgetown, and has been identified with Pettis county much of his time since. The first school district was organized November 6th, 1838, by the following order of court: There shall be established in congressional township No. forty-six of range twenty-one in Pettis county, a board of trustees, whose duty it shall be to superintend all schools which are or may be established in said con- gressional township, according to law. For the present there shall be established in said township one school district, which shall be known by the name and style of Washington School District No. one. William I. Westerfield, Oswald Kidd and Willis P. Ellis, are appointed by this court a board of trustees of said Washington School District No. one, and such other districts as may hereafter be established by law, to continue in office until the legal termination of their appointments. At this date public schools were initiated, and the seeds of popular education planted. The following is an order of court under date May 6th, 1839, organiz- ing a township for school purposes : Congressional township forty-five of range twenty-three is incoiporated by the name and style of Christian School District. Thomas Brooks, Jesse Pemberton, and George W. Glass, having each contributed one dollar for school purposes in said school district, are appointed trustees of said district. This county has always given marked attention to her educational interests. Prior to the organization of school districts, schools were taught in families as private institutions. From the organization of the first school of the county, others have followed until the present condition of the cause of education in Pettis county is indeed very good. This speaks well for the people and their county officers. Much depends on selecting men qualified to organize and successfully care for schools. As will be seen from the following quotations from the Circuit Court records, there was but little business at first: Pettis Circuit Court, July Term, iSjj, State of Missouri, to -wit: At a circuit court begun and held at Pettis court house within and for the county of Pettis, on the second Wednesday of July, it being the 8th day of said month, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred thirty-three : Were present — the Hon. John F. Ryland, Judge of said court; Aaron Jenkins, Sheriff, and Amos Fisher, Clerk. 246 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. The sheriff returned the venire issued to the present term, with a panel of jurors summoned, to wit: Anthony Fisher, Isaac Hedrick, John O'Baunon, Middleton Anderson, Henry Anderson, Athel Wolf, Samuel Read, Oliver L. Q. Brown,. Manan Duran, Levi Oolneal, Hugh M. Doneghe, Daniel Lynn, George Kelly, John Brown, Jolly S. Parish, Carvin Carpenter, Clinton Young, Alfred Brock, Henry Small, James Scott, Thomas Martin. The grand jury having received their charge from the court retired, and soon returned, having nothing to present, were discharged. James H. Birch and Henderson Young, two licensed attorneys, were enrolled as such by the clerk. The following appears on the record of this day's business: William H. Head, ) vs. > Appeal from justice court. Jame Williams. ) Dismissed at the request of the parties. The following is the verbatim at literatim of the record of this session of circuit court in the year 1833: At a circuit court begun and held at Ramey & Wason's Mill, the temporary seat of justice within and for the county of Pettis, in the State of Missouri, on the second Monday in November, being the eleventh day of said month, was present the Honorable John F. Ryland, judge of said court. The sheriff returned into court the following named persons as sum- moned by him as a venire for a grand jury, whereupon Reuben E. Gentry was sworn as foreman, and the following persons as members of said grand jury: Meshac Willis, Adam Scott, Andrew S. Bryant, Abraham McCormack, William Mosely, Samuel Miller, David McFarlam, George Gibson, William Glass, William Ragan, Michael Bird, John Birch, Oswald Kidd, Allen Tate, William M. Johnson, Jonathan Tussy, Zadoc Powell, and Jacob Hall, who, after receiving their charge from the court,, retired to consider their presentments. John Tramell, ) Appellant. vs. V On appeal. Thomas Chew. ) Appellee. The plaintiff and appellant, John Tramell, moved the court for leave to enter a non-suit in this cause, which is granted him, and thereupon the plaintiff is called, etc., and judgment against him for costs of suit in both courts. The grand jury return into court, and presented the following bill of indictment, viz.: State of Missouri, ) T ,. „ ■ . . ... . , . .„ . vs ( Indictment: Assault with intent to kill. A Thomas Chew. j true bilL And having no further business, were discharged by the court. Ordered by the court, that a capias issue against Thomas Chew, on the indictment aforesaid. Ordered, that court adjourn until court in course. John F. Ryland. *. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 247 When the county was organized there was but little use for a multiplic- ity of clerical officers. For many years the sheriff performed the office of sheriff and collector. The county clerk was clerk of both the county and circuit courts, and ex officio county recorder. Other county officers, whose salaries were meager, were employed and paid per diem. In many instances the courts were almost nominal. At that early day men felt more interest in the welfare of their neighbors and prosperity of the county than they did in disintegrating lawsuits. When there is some- thing worthy to be done citizens have no time to waste in petty quarrels. Blackwater. Bowling Green. Elk Fork. Mt. Sterling. Flat Creek. THE TOWNSHIPS FROM ORGANIZATION UP TO 1844. In 1833 the population of the county would not exceed 600. 248 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Up to the year 1844 there were but five municipal voting precincts, which were as follows: Elk Fork, with place of voting at the house of M. G. Pemberton. Blackwater, with place of voting at the house of Samuel Fisher. Flat Creek, with place of voting at Higgins & McCormack's mill. Bowling Green, with place of voting at the house of James Lacy. Mt. Sterling, with place of voting at Georgetown. The general elections were held, prior to 1869, on the first Monday in August. For the year 1838 we here append the names of the judges of election for the five townships then organized:. Elk Fork.— Byrd Hawkins, Francis Talbert, and Thomas P. E. Rees. Blackwater — John Fisher, Jr., Montiville Huff, and Isaiah Prigmore. Flat Creek — David B. Hume, Giles L. Williams, and Pemberton Cason. Bowling Green— George Small, James Marlen, and Larkin Erwin. Mt. Sterling— Richard Byrd, Elijah Taylor, and William McCormack. In those days the polls were kept open one, two and three days, giving plenty of time for every man to vote. Soon, following 1844, the larger voting precincts were divided, and where two precincts bore the same name they we known as " No. one" and "No. two." Washington and Heath's Creek townships were soon added to the list of voting places, so by 1850 there were fourteen voting precincts in the county. Lake Creek was added after 1859. Sedalia was organized about 1866 as a voting precinct, and now the county has six- teen municipal townships, and seventeen voting precincts. Quite soon after the county was organized steps were taken to erect suitable county buildings, at the county seat — Georgetown. Prior to this date (1837), the business of the county was dispatched in an old frame building at Pin Hook. The following law was enacted, January 29, 1835, by the general assembly: There shall be erected in each county, at the established seat of jus- tice thereof, a good and sufficient court-house and jail. As soon as the court-house and jail shall be erected, and the circum- stances of the county will permit, there shall also be erected one or more fire-proof buildings, at some convenient place or places, near the court- house, in which shall be kept the offices of the recorder and the clerks of the several courts of such county. Accordingly, Gen . Geo. R. Smith, the founder of Sedalia, and James Ramey, men who were always alive to the county's interests, took the contract for building a brick court-house. They completed this building, a fine edifice for those days, at a cost of $4,000} and here justice was dis- pensed until 1862, when the business of the county was transacted in Sedalia. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 249 The following order appears on record at the county clerk's office under date of February 6, 1873: Whereas, The legislature of Missouri did, at the adjourned session of the 26th General Assembly, 1872, pass a law, which law was approved March 18, 1872, allowing counties in said State to adopt township organization, and further providing for the county courts to divide the counties so adopting said township organization into townships. And, whereas, the county of Pettis did, on the 5th day of, November, 1872, by a majority vote, adopt township organization. It is therefore ordered by the court, that Pettis county be divided into townships, as follows, said townships to be known by numbers : Townshif No. i, (Heath's Creek).— To include all that portion of town- ship 48, range 20, that belongs to Pettis county, and all of township 47, range 20, and bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of Pettis county, and running thence west, on county line, to the northwest corner of section 19, township 48, range 20; running thence south, on range line, to the southwest corner of section 31, township 47, range 20;. running thence east, on the township line, to the southeast corner of sec- tion 36, township 47, range 20 ; thence north on county line to the place of beginning. Townshif No. 2, (Longwood). — To include all that portion of township 48, range 21, that belongs to Pettis county, and all of township 47, range 21, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of section 24, township 48, range 21, running thence west on county line to the north- west corner of section 19, township 48, range 21; running thence south^n the range line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 47, range 21 ; running thence east on township line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 47, range 21; running thence north on range line to place beginning. Townshif No. j, (Houstonia). — To include all that portion of township 48, range 22, that belongs to Pettis county, and all of township 47, range 22, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of section 24, township 48, range 22, running thence west on county line to the north- west corner of section 19, township 48, range 22; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 47, range 22 ; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 47, range 22 ; running thence north on range line to the place of beginning. Townshif No. 4, (Blackwater). — To include all that portion of town- ship 48, range 23, that belongs to Pettis county, and all of township 47, range 23, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of sec- tion 24, township 48, range 23; running thence west on the county line to the northwest corner of Pettis county, running thence south on the county line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 47, range 23; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 47, range 23; running thence north on range line to place of beginning. • Townshif No. 3, (Lamont). — To include all of township 46, range 23, bound as follows: Commencing at northeast corner of said township 46, range 23 ; running thence west on township line to the northwest corner of same township and range, running thence south on county line to the south- 250 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. west corner of same township, running thence east on the township line, to the southeast corner of same township; thence north on range line to the place of beginning. Townshif No. 6, (Dresden).— To include all of township 46, range 22, bound as follows : Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 46, range 22, running thence west on township line to the northwest corner of same township; thence running south on range line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence east on the township line' to the southeast corner of same township; running thence north on range line to the place of beginning. Townshif No. 7, (Cedar). — To include all of township 46, range 21, except the six sections on the south side of said township, bound as fol- lows: Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 46, range 21 ; running thence west on township line to the northwest corner of said town- ship; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of section 30, same township; running thence east on the section line to the southeast corner of section 25, same township; running thence north on 'the range line to the place of beginning. Townshif No. S, (Bowling Green). — To include all of congressional township 46, range 20, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 46, range 20 ; running thence west on the town- ship line to the northwest corner of same township; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence east on, the township line to the southeast corner of same township; •running thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. Township No. 0, (Smithton). — To include all of congressional township 45, range 20, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 45, range 20; running thence west on the township line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of same township; running thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. Townshif) No. 10, (Sedalia). — To include congressional township 45, range 21, except that portion lying south of Flat creek; also, to include six sections off of the south side of township 46, range 21, bound as fol- lows: Commencing at the northeast corner of section 36, township 46, range 21; running thence west on the section line to the north-west cor- ner of section 31, same township; running thence south on the range line to the south-west corner of section 19, township 45, range 21; running thence east on section line to the south-east corner of section 19, township 45, range 21, Flat Creek then being the south line of said township; from said south-east corner of section 19, township 45, range 21, running east to the range line, near the south-east corner of section 13, township 45, range 21, thence north on range line to the place of beginning. Township No. 11, (Prairie).— To include all of congressional township 45, range 22, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 45, range 22; running thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of same township and range, running thence south on the range 'line to the southwest corner of same township ; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of same town- ship ; running thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 251 Township No. 12, (Elk Fork). — To include all of congressional town- ship 45, range 23, bound as follows: Commencing at the north-east cor- ner of said township 45, range 23; running thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of same township; thence south on the county line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of same township; run- ning thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. Township No. ij, (Green Ridge). — To include all of congressional township 44, range 23, and all of that portion of township 43, range 23 , that belongs to Pettis county, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of township 44, range 23, running thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of same township; running thence south on the county line to the southwest corner of Pettis county; thence running east on the county line to the southeast corner of section 12, township 43, range 23; thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. Township No. 14., (Washington). — To include all of congressional township 44, range 22, and all of that portion of township 43, range 22, that belongs to Pettis county, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of township 44, range 22, running thence west on the township line to the northwest corner of same township; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of section 7, township 43, range 22; running thence east on the county line to the southeast cor- ner of section 2, same township and range; thence north on the range line to place of beginning. Township No. 15, (Flat Creek). — To include all of congressional town- ship 44, range 21, and all that portion of township 45, range 21, lying south of Flat Creek, bound as follows: Commencing at the range line near the southeast corner of section 13, township 45, range 21, running thence west with Flat Creek to the southeast corner of section 19, township 45, range 21 ; thence west on the section line to the southwest corner of same section (19); running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 44, range 21 ; running thence east on county line to the southeast corner of section 36, township 44, range 21; running thence north on the range line to the place of beginning. Township No. 16, (Lake Creek.) — To include all of congressional township 44, range 20, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of said township 44, range 20, running thence west on the town- ship line to the northwest corner of same township ; running thence south on the range line to the southwest corner of same township; running thence east on the county line to the southeast corner of Pettis county ; running thence north on the county line to the place of beginning. These municipal townships continue as here stated, except a voting precinct formed from portions of townships Nos. 2 and 3, forming the precinct of Hughsville. As will be found further on, this county did not retain the township system law 'very long. However, nothing was of any importance urged against the organization. Under that law the people were more directly their own rulers. Much of their business was at home. In States where the township organization has existed for years, schools and general pros- perity is there most observed. 252 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. r-5 tH CO 4 26 31 165 59 2895 438 2457 . . . 306 .. . 2911 454 2456 ... 310;... 2907 451 2457 ... 310 , 2919 2453 3»3 898 2444 311 1922 2451 302 2917 2452 305 2920 2455 306 2917 2414 302 2787 2354 321 2921 2729 2869 2432 347 2809 2484 379 2512 2815 215 2953 2653 2967 2831 2950 2324 371 3013 2369 2428 362 2631 2781 2870 2439 334 1369 1608 1348 1110 1946 1718 466 454 471 503 433 192 437 316 458 44 16 431 239 133 228 260 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. In all the following elections from 1872, the Democrats have been suc- cessful, with a few exceptions, when the Greenbackers and Republicans coalesced. The ex-rebels have generally gone with the Democrats. The Democratic majority is now about 400. A good feeling exists between the political parties. The following is the record of the first marriage of the county: State of Missouri, County of Cooper. I hereby certify that on the 26th day of March, 1833, I solemnized the right of matrimony between William P. Burney, of Cooper county, and Sallie Ann Barnes, of Pettis county. Given under my hand this 5th day of May, 1833. James L. Wear, P. G. The second marriage contract record is as follows : This is to certify that on the twenty-eight day of March, in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and thirty-three, Nathaniel Newbill and Sarah Swope, of the County of Pettis, and State of Missouri, were lawfull joined in the bonds of matrimony by me. Elijah Taylor, J. P. In 1866 P. G. Stafford was elected State Representative. In 1870 Allen O'Bannon was elected State Representative. official directory. In giving the official directory of Pettis county we find no little trouble in arranging the names and dates, from the fact that no record of the elec- tions have been preserved. It has been extremely difficult to determine when some of the county officers commenced the functions of their offices. The records have been carefully consulted, and with the aid of those remembering, a few of whom held the offices to which their names have been attached, the roster can be relied upon as substanially correct. Every clerk of the county court should be required, by law, to keep an election book and official directory, which would greatly aid in the trans- action of business, and which would grow more and more valuable in years to come. It should be remembered in consulting this directory that the dates indicate the beginning and close of the term of office. It also shows the election of some who did not serve. SHERIFFS. Aaron Jenkins, appointed 1833 — 1834 Wm. R. Kemp, elected 1834—1836 Wm. R. Kemp, re-elected 1836—1838 Willis P. Ellis, elected 1838—1838 M. G. Pemberton, elected .' 1838—1840 M. G. Pemberton, re-elected 1840—1840 Willis P. Ellis, appointed 1840—1842 Wm. R. Kemp, elected 1842—1843 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 261 Wm. R. Kemp, appointed 1843—1844 Wm. H. Killebrew, elected 1844—1846 Wm. H. Killebrew, re-elected 1846—1848 James Kemp, elected 1848—1850 James Kemp, re-elected 1850 — 1852 Wm. H. Killebrew, elected 1852.. 1854 Wm. H. Killebrew, re-elected 1854—1855. Finis E. Cravens, appointed , 1855 — 1856 Finis E. Cravens, elected 1856—1858 Wesley McClure, elected 1858—1860 Wesley McClure, re-elected 1860—1862 H. J. McCormack, elected 1862—1863 John Hubbard, appointed 1863—1864 Wm. H. Porter, elected 1864—1866 Wm. H. Porter, re-elected 1866—1868 Wm. P. Paff, elected 1868—1870 Wm. P. Paff, re-elected 1870—1872 H. J. McCormack, elected 1872—1874 E. S. Murray, elected 1874—1876 L. S. Murray, re-elected 1876—1878 L. S. Murray, elected 1878—1880 Moses S. Conner, elected 1880—1882 COLLECTORS. This office was connected with the Sheriff till in 1877. J. A. C. Brown, elected 187S— 1880 R. H. Moses, elected 1880—1882 1872— Vote for Congressmen: 1,735 votes for Hon. S. S.Burdett; 2,060 for Col. T. T. Crittenden. The same year John P. Strather was elected State Senator and John T. Heard Representative. 1874. — Votes for Governor stood: C. H. Hardin, 1,736; Wm. Gentry, 1,998. Votes for Congressmen stood: John F. Philips, 2,060; James H. Lay, 1,632. 1876.— Votes for President: Samuel J. Tilden, 2,832; R. B. Hayes, 2,100; Peter Cooper, 3. For Governor: John S.Phelps, 2,778; G. A. Finkelnburg, 2,129. State Senator elected, J. S.. Parsons; Representative, Dr. J. P. Thatcher. Criminal Circuit Judge elected, W. H. H. Hill. CLERKS OF COUNTY COURT. Amos Fristoe, appointed 1833 — 1835 Amos Fristoe, elected 1835—1841 Amos Fristoe, re-elected 1841—1847 Albion Robertson, elected 1847—1853 Rob't R. Spedden, elected 1853—1857 262 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Sam'l A. Lowe, appointed 1857— 1859 Sam'l A. Lowe, elected 1859—1865 Thomas E. Bassett, appointed 1865—1867 S. A. Yankee, elected 1867— 187a R. H. Moses, elected 1870—1874 R. H. Moses, re-elected 1874—1878 Henry Y. Field, elected 1878—1882 SURVEYORS. Jesse Joplin, appointed 1835 — 1836 Mentor Thomson, elected 1836—1838 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1838—1840 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1840—1842 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1842 — 1846- Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1846—1848 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1S48 — 1850 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1850—1852 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1852—1854 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1854—1856 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1856—1858 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1858—1860 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1860— 1862 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1862—1864 Mentor Thomson, re-elected 1864—1866 Wm. J. Pace, appointed 1866—1867 Wm. J. Pace, elected 1867—1868 W. H. Hewitt, elected : 1868—1870 W. H. Hewitt, re-elected 1870—1872 Thomas Monroe, elected 1872—1874 Thomas Monroe, re-elected 1874—1876 Thomas Monroe, re-elected 1876—1880 Thomas Monroe, re-elected 1880—1882 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. Solomon J. Lowe, appointed 1847 — 1850 John M. Glasscock, appointed 1850 — 1851 George Heard, appointed 1851 — 1855 George Heard, appointed 1855 — 1856 George Heard, appointed 1855 — 1858 Wm. C. Ford, elected 1858—1861 Thos. J. Montgomery, appointed but refused to qualify 1861 — 1861 Chan. P. Townsley, appointed 1862—1863 O. P. Hatton, appointed .1853— 1865 O. P. Hatton, appointed 1865— 186& HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 263 John G. Riley, elected but refused to qualify 1866—1867 S. S. Vinton, appointed 1867 — 1868 Jas. S. Porcer, elected 1868 — 1869 D. H. Petefish, appointed 1869—1871 J. F. Tobias, appointed 1871—1872' John Elliott, elected 1872—1874 John Elliott, re-elected 1874—1876 John R. Clapton, elected 1876—1880 John R. Clapton, re-elected 1880—1882 SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS. Aldea A. Glasscock, appointed 1853 — 1855 Aldea A. Glasscock, appointed 1855 — 1857 Aldea A. Glasscock, appointed 1857 — 1860 Wm. C. Westlake, elected ••••... 1860—1861 The office abolished and county clerk acted 1861 — 1865 H. P. Thomson, appointed 1865—1868 A. J. bampson, elected 1868 — 1870 A. A. Neal, elected 1870—1872 W. C. Wesdake, elected 1872—1875 Wm. F. Hansberger, elected com 1875 — 1877 Joseph Kingsley, elected 1877 — 1879 Gen. J. B. Van Petten, elected ' 1879—1881 R. M. Scotten, elected 1881—1883 COUNTY COURT JUDGES. James Ramey, appointed 1833 — 1838 Elijah Taylor, appointed 1833—1838 Wm. A. Miller, appointed .1833—1838 Wm. A. Miller, elected 1838—1842 Thomas Wasson, elected 1838—1842 James Brown, elected 1838—1842 Thomas Wasson, re-elected 1842—1847 William Scott, elected 1842—1847 Henry M. Rubey, elected 1842—1847 William Scott, re-elected 1847—1850 Thomas Wasson, re-elected 1847—1850 John S. Brown, elected, 1847—1850 Henry Rains, appointed 1850 — 1851 James T. Walker, elected 1850—1851 A. M. Forbes, elected 1850—1853 John S. Brown, elected 1851—1853 Samuel. Dudley, appointed - 1851—1854 Mentor Thompson, appointed 1851—1854 264 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Hampton P. Gray, appointed ._ 1853 — 1854 Wm. Scott, appointed .' 1854—1854 A. M. Forbes, elected 1854—1856 A. M. Coffee, elected 1854—1856 Wm. Gentry, appointed 1855 — 1856 H. P. Gray, elected 1856—1858 Wm. Gentry, elected 1856—1865 Thomas Ferguson, elected 1856—1864 Jacob Yankee, elected 1860—1866 Wm. D. Erwin, appointed 1864—1866 J. W. Beeman, appointed 1864 — 1866 A. M. Wright, appointed 1866—1870 J. W. Beeman, appointed 1866— 1T70 E. W. Washburn, appointed 1866—1870 Allen O'Bannon, appointed 1868—1870 Thos. W. Phillips, elected 1868—1872 A. M. Wright, elected 1870—1872 Charles Richardson, elected 1872—1873 John M. Sneed, elected 1873—1875 A. B. Godding, elected 1S73— 1875 O. M. Harris, elected ,1873—1875 D. H. O'Rear, elected 1873—1875 William Boeker, elected 1873—1875 V- T. Chilton (vice Sneed, resigned), appointed 1873—1875 John G. Sloan (vice Codding, deceased), appointed 1873 — 1875 E. Canady (vice Harris, resigned), appointed 1873 — 1875 J. Q. Tannehill, elected 1873—1875 W. C. Gibson, elected 1873—1875 W. C. Gibson, re-elected 1875—1878 W. C. Gibson, re-elected 1878—1880 John Baker, elected 1878—1880 J. Q. Tannehill, elected 1878—1880 CORONERS. Ambrose K. Boggs, elected 1838 — 1842 Samuel C. Potts, elected 1842—1844 Oswald Kidd, elected. 1844—1848 Oswald Kidd, re-elected 1848—1850 Jas. G. Bridges, elected 1850—1854 Robert Dickson, elected 1856—1858 Jas. G. Bridges, elected 1858—1860 Wm. T. Roberts, elected 1860—1862 Jas. A. Blakemore, elected, (resigned) 1862 — 1862 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 265 M. P. Edwards, appointed 1862 — 1865 Wm. P. Jackson, appointed 1865—1867 Thomas Lacy, appointed 1867 — 1867 John Shanafelt, appointed 1867 — 1868 W. A. Mayfield, elected 1868—1870 John H. Kehn, elected 1870—1872 Cyrus Goodrich, elected 1872 — 1874 W. H. Evans, elected 1874—1876 W. H. Evans, re-elected 1876—1878 J. B. Jones, elected 1878 — 1880 "Willis P. King, elected 1880—1882 CLERKS OF CIRCUIT COURT. Amos Fristoe, appointed 1833 — 1835 Amos Fristoe, elected 1835—1841 Amos Fristoe, re-elected 1841—1853 Robert Stedden, elected 1853—1858 Samuel A. Lowe, appointed 1858 — 1859 Samuel A. Lowe, elected 1859—1865 John W. Christian, elected 1865—1866 Florence Crandall, appointed 1866—1868 Bacon Montgomery, appointed 1868 — 1870 E. P. Kent, elected 1870—1873 Henry Lamm (vice Kent, resigned), appointed 1873 — 1874 J. C. Wood, elected 1874—1880 Benton Ingram 1880—1882 JUDGES OF COMMON PLEAS COURT. With probate jurisdiction: established, 1867; abolished, 1873. R. G. Dunham, appointed 1867—1870 John S. Cochran, elected 1870—1874 W. H. H. Hill, elected 1874—1874 COUNTY ATTORNEYS. George Heard, appointed 1863—1865 Manetho Hilton, appointed 1865 — 1865 O. C. Sabin, appointed 1865—1866 Chan. P. Townsley, appointed 1866—1867 Jno. S. Cochran, appointed 1867—1868 B. G. Wilkerson, appointed : 1868—1869 B. G. Wilkerson, appointed 1869—1870 B. G. Wilkerson, appointed 1870—1871 B. G. Wilkerson, appointed 1871—1872 Frank Houston, elected 1872—1874 266 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Frank Houston, re-elected 1874—1876 Geo. P. B. Jackson, elected 1876—1878 Geo. P. B. Jackson, re-elected 1878—1880 G. C. Heard, re-elected 1880—1882 JUDGES PROBATE COURT. (Established 1873.) The probate judge is ex-ojficio clerk of his court. W. H. H. Hill, elected 1873—1874 W. H. H. Hill, re-elected— resigned 1874—1875 H. P. Townsley, elected '.'.' 1875—1876 John A. Lacy, elected 1876—1882 CLERKS OF COMMON PLEAS COURT. Bacon Montgomery, appointed 1867—1870 E. P. Kent, elected 1870—1872 RECORDERS. (Prior to the election of 1866, circuit court clerks performed the duties of recorders. Florence Crandall, elected 1866—1870 J. D. Crawford, elected 1870—1874 J. D. Crawford, re-elected. . ..,..• 1874—1878 Samuel W. Richey, elected 1878—1882 John W. Conner, (vice-Richey, deceased, 1 year) 1882 — 1882 TREASURERS. (Office established 1846.) Solomon J. Lowe, appointed 1847 — 1848 Reece Hughes, elected 1848—1856 Reece Hughes, re-elected 1856 — 1858 Reece Hughes, re-elected 1858 — 1860 Reece Hughes, re-elected 1860—1862 Hiram Thornton, elected 1862—1864 Hiram Thornton, re-elected 1864—1866 J. G. Beck, elected 1866—1868 J. G. Beck, re-elected 1868—1870 Henry Suess, elected 1870 — 1872 Adam Ittel, elected 1872—1874 Adam Ittel, re-elected 1874—1876 J. C. Thompson, elected 1876—1878 R. T. Gentry, elected 1878—1880 R. T. Gentry, re-elected 1880—1882 ASSESSORS. Alexander M. Christian, elected 1844 — 1848 Albert G. Branham, elected 1848—1852 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 267 Albert G. Branham, re-elected 1852—1854 E. C. Bouldin, elected 1854—1856 O. P. Hatton, elected 1856—1858 John Dejarnatt, appointed 1858—1858 James McCormack, appointed 1858 — 1858 James Whitfield, appointed 1858—1859 T. W. Gresham, appointed 1858—1858 Richard Gentry, appointed (refused to serve) 1859 — 1858 Clifton Wood, appointed, (refused to serve) 1859 — 1859 E. MaGoffin, appointed, (refused to serve) 1859 — 1859 S. B. Hoss, appointed, (refused to serve) 1859 — 1859 Joseph B. May, appointed 1859—1860 T. W. Gresham, appointed 1859—1860 John S. Brown, appointed 1859—1860 T. W. Gresham, elected 1860—1862 John W.May 1859—1860 E. C. Bouldin, appointed 1863—1864 John W. Simpson, appointed 1863 — 1865 Wm. D. Ewin, appointed 1864—1865 William Dixon, appointed, (failed to qualify) 1865 — 1865 John Hubbard, appointed 1865 — 1866 C. C. Crawford, appointed 1865—1866 C. C. Crawford, elected 1866—1868 C. C. Crawford, re-elected. 1868—1870 A. P. Morey, elected 1870—1872 W. E. Middleton, elected 1872—1873 (Office abolished 1873. Re-established 1877.) W. E. Middleton, elected 1878—1880 Walker, elected 1880-1882 CHAPTER VI.— FINANCES. Introduction— First Records— Habits of First County Officers— The Missing Records— The Assessors from 1838-1844 and their Salaries— An Exhibit of County Revenue of 1837— Licenses of 1850— Treasurer's Report of 1850— State School Fund— Rate of Taxation of 1854— Railroad Bonds— Assessment of 1881 and 1882. The financial history of any county bears a direct relation to its wealth and resources, and gives a correct view of- its prosperity. In the earlier days of the history of Pettis county there was but little trouble with county finances. The county had no bonds or debts and the citizens' annual taxes were comparatively a small sum to what are now imposed upon the inhabitants. Then but few books were required to keep the 268 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. financial records of the county. The financial work of the county for the first few years after its organization in 1833 covered so little ground that it took but little effort to keep the books in proper shape. In the first years of the county's existence, assessors were appointed by the county court and paid per diem for their services. One man could easily take hold of this work and perform it well in about one mouth. The greatest difficulty was riding horseback over the wide prairies from one residence to the other. In the same way the county collector was appointed and required to call upon all tax-payers of the county at their residence in order to collect the assessments. In those days but few sought office for the mere salary, since the remuneration was by no means adequate to the toils required. Then honest men alone were put in office, to work more for the interests of the people than for themselves. It was reserved for a later and another gen- eration to seek office for its spoils, and Pettis county has shared the com- mon fate of many of her sister counties in this respect. However, there is, perhaps, no county in the state of Missouri, which has preserved its records in better chirography. In former years, political contests, while excited so far as regards state and national issues, had nothing common with local ejections. Personal vituperation and insidious attacks by politicians upon character were not then so prevalent as now. Now politics is carried from, the highest to the most menial offices of the land. Then persons were sought to fill offices. The civil war in this county did not make men dishonest, but only developed what was in the men. The men who have used the public, funds for private ends have been forever silenced when they apply to the majesty of the people for their suffrages. During the early history of the county, revenues were light. However, the rate of taxation was very little, if any, less than at present. For the first few years of the county's existence the expenses ranged from three hundred to one thousand dollars fer annum. The books were not kept in a very systematic manner, and it is difficult now, even as it must have been then, to be able to determine accurately the condition of the county finances. In those days the people were honest enough to do much of their work orally. They managed to keep the machinery of the county in motion and contract no large debts. In this treatise it is our object to give a brief, clear and concise report of the financial operations of the county, before and after the civil war, that the reader may have an insight into some of the more salient features of the Pettis county finances. To many of the older settlers these reports will appear homelike, while to the immigrant they will be interesting because of their novelty. By turning the leaves of the financial records, the historian finds that HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 269 the county during the first twenty years of its existence had but little need of revenue except for the erection of public buildings, and the pay of its officers. At a glance the observer will perceive that for more than a score of years prior to the civil war, the county affairs were economi- cally managed, and the taxes, not every year light, were considerable less than at present, and the valuation of all kinds of property was many times smaller than now. The county court records are missing from Jan. 26, 1833, to Nov. 6, 1837, about four years. Those who remember, say these records were kept in a small book quite well worn when last noticed. The first session of county court as now appears on record, bears date Nov. 6, 1837, with Jesse Pemberton, president of the court, Thomas Jopling and James McCormick, associate justices, Wm.' R. Kemp, sheriff, and Amos Fristoe, clerk. In 1839, the assessor, Willis P. Ellis, assessed the county in twenty- nine days^ receiving for his services two dollars ■per diem, making a salary of fifty-eight dollars. . In 1840, John R Phillips, assessor, was allowed for assessing county for state purposes, thirty-four dollars, and the same amount for county purposes, amounting to sixty-four dollars, making a salary augmented by six dollars over the previous year. In 1841, Nathaniel A. Newbill, assessor, assessed the county in thirty- five days, receiving for his services one dollar fer diem from the state and the same wages from the county, amounting to seventy dollars. In 1842, Alexander M. Christian, assessor, assessed the county in forty days, receiving eighty dollars for his services. In 1843, Nathaniel A. Newbill, assessor, assessed the county in forty- six days, at two dollars fer diem, amounting to ninety-two dollars for the entire work. In 1844, Nathaniel A. Newbill, assessor, assessed the county in forty days, for which he was paid the sum of eighty dollars. The revenue of the county was quite small until the prairie farms began to be opened, which was about 1850. Since then work of the county assessors has been greatly increased, so that at present the office • is elective, and requires an active, intelligent assessor, and several deputies to perform the labor within the limited time assigned him by the law. His salary now amounts to about $600, very fair pay since it does not require more than about one-third of the year to attend to his legal official duties. At present Mr. J. W. Walker is the efficient county assessor, a gentleman who attends well to his office. In 1850, James Kemp, sheriff, collected the following licenses for the county: 5 270 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Merchants' license $63.91 Peddlers' license. - 10.00 Physicians' license 12.50 Lawyers' license 2.50 Total amount - ..$88.91 In 1837, Albion Robertson, county treasurer, showed that on the 17th day of August, 1836, there was in his hands the following: In bonds $1,537.03£ Interest on same 334.60 Cash on hand 95.00 Cash subsequently received 522.25 Total amount on hand $2,488.88£ Paid Thos. Wasson, bridge commissioner 200:00 • Balance on hand $2,288.88^ For the year 1837, the amount of county revenue collected was: For county contingent expenses $150.68 For county public buildings 588.86 Total amount $739.54 Wm. R. Kemp, collector, presented to the county court the amount of insolvents and delinquents for the year 1837, as follows: For state purposes $6.40 For county purposes 9.60 Total $16.00 In 1837, the amount of revenue collected, less the expenses, was $365.87. The following shows the financial standing of the county in 1850 : (Reece Hughes, the treasurer of the county of Pettis ; June 30, 1850 ; in account with Pettis county : REVENUE. Dr., To amount received from James Kemp, collector $1,005.00 Dr., To balance as per report, June, 1849 23.23 Dr., To amount received state military fund 176.98 Total $1,206.13 CREDIT. By amount per warrants $850.15 By amount paid witness fees 85.00 Balance due Pettis county $ 260.98 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 271 ROAD AND CANAL, FUND. Dr., To amount received per warrants $ 161.50 LAND DISTRIBUTION FUND. Dr., To am't rec'd from state treasurer since last settlement. $ 626.95 Dr., To am't rec'd from state treasurer since last settlement. 599.50 Total $1,226.45 CREDIT. By am't expense to get money from Jefferson City, twice, deduct $ 10.00 By amount loaned on security $1,216.45 STATE SCHOOL FUND. Dr., To am't rec'd, distribution, in 1849 $ 497.25 Dr., To am't rec'd, distribution, in 1850 250.72 Total $ 747.97 Cr., By am't paid organized townships $ 459.75 Balance to credit of schools $ 288.22 TOWNSHIP SCHOOL MONEY remains in the hands of the borrower, as the previous year. The county school funds, consisting of fines and penalties . . $ 5.00 Road and canal fund 2.00 R. HUGHES, COUNTY TREASURER. The following is James Kemp's settlement as sheriff of Pettis county, in 1851, for licenses due the state of Missouri: Physicians' license . . . *. $ 2.50 Dramshop license 15.00 Merchants' license 2.07 Attorneys at law license 2.50 Total amount $22.07 In an early day the county officers were required to give bonds for faithful duties, as at present, and they were generally faithful to their pledge. For the year 1854 the county tax was fixed at one-sixth of one fer cent., and the railrood tax one-half fer cent., and the poll tax was twenty-five cents, for county purposes. In this year A. G. Branham, assessor, received $155 for his services as county assessor. The following year, 1855, one-fifth fer cent, was levied on the property 272 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. set forth in the assessor's book for county purposes, the poll tax, twenty- five cents on each poll assessed, and one -per cent, was levied for railroad purposes. For this year, E. C. Bouldin, county assessor, received for his services $221.30. In the year 1857, the sum of $530 fell due Pettis county, from the sale of 500,000 acres of land donated by congress. Reece Hughes was appointed by the court to receive the same. For the year 1856, only $180 revenue was received from licenses. Since that day the county revenue has swelled to hundreds of dollars. In 1858, Reece Hughes, county treasurer, showed, in an exhibit, that $13,896.97 had been collected for railroad purposes. November 1,-1853, A. A. Grasscock was appointed, for two years, county school commissioner, and required to give a bond of $1,500. In 1870 the assessed value of real estate of the county was $5,328,556 ; personal property, $949,352; true valuation of personal and real estate property, $5,000,000; taxation not national, $77,263; bonds issued, $35,- 000; other debts for 1870, $15,000. In 1873, during the panic, very many persons became bankrupt, and property of all kinds decreased in value, in, many instances more tinaxx fifty per cent. Mortgaged farms were sold, and numbers of families who lived in opulence only a few years previous were now homeless, and to make the picture still darker, no avenue of business was open for them to make a livelihood. It was not till the year ls52 that the project of locating a railroad through Pettis county was much agitated. Among the leading men in this scheme we mention Gen. Geo. R. Smith, Maj. Wm. Gentry, Reece Hughes and George Heard. In the year 1853 the county court ap- pointed Gen. G. R. Smith agent, to subscribe for shares of the Pacific Railroad Company. Accordingly, he subscribed for seventeen hundred shares, of one hundred dollars each, amounting to the magnanimous sum of $170,000.00. Of the bonds issued subsequently, $100,000.00 was pay- able twenty years after date at the rate of six per cent, -per annum. The $70,000.00 was to be paid at any time when the road was located. Gen. Geo. R. Smith had authority from the Pettis county court to act as a di- rector in all business pertaining to the interests of Pettis county. In 1855 the county borrowed of C. & W. Wood, George Heard, W. H. Powell and David Thomson, sufficient money to pay the amount of assessments due the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company. The Pacific railroad bonds have been all paid by the county. The bonds were subscribed in good faith and the people expected to realize something from the investment, but owing to a change of hands and gen- eral unfairness on the part of the bondholders, they realized nothing. At present the outstanding bonds of Pettis county do not amount to more HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 273 than $25,000, and the people should congratulate themselves in so wisely throwing off the burden of debt so recklessly imposed and saddled upon them during the few years following the close of the civil war. The enormous taxes and general dishonest management of the county finances from 1865 to 1873, brought about a retrenchment in salaries and a great change in the political management of the county. The following shows the assessment list of personal property for the year 1881, as given in the abstract by the county assessor, W. E. Middleton : Number of horses, 8,455, valued at $ 357,589. Number of jacks and jennets, 64, valued at 3,990. Number of mules, 2,604, valued at 92,383. Number of neat cattle, 28,44,2, valued at 399,441. Number of sheep, 28,984, valued at 36,905. Number of hogs,. . , 31,156, valued at 65,622. Money, notes, bonds and other credits, 447,544. All other personal property, 574,299. Total valuation, $1,876,544. Total banks' valuation 226,246. Total Building and Loan Associations — valuation, 104,978. Total amount, $2,208,000. The abstract of real estate for the year 1881, as given on the assessor's book, is as follows: Total valuation of farming lands, $3,232,035. Total valuation of town lots, ' 1,572,739. Total amount, $4,804,774. Grand total of all property, $7,012,774. By 1876 the county began to improve from the downward tendencies thrown upon it by the dull times of 1873-1875. The value of all property has been increasing gradually to what it is now. An estimate of the valuation of the personal property as given by J. W. Walker, county assessor for the year 1882: Number of horses, 8,871, valued at $ 325,505. Number of jacks and jennets, 55, valued at 3,670. Number of mules, 2,658, valued at 130,570. Number of neat cattle, 29,040, valued at 466,705. Number of sheep, 36,675, valued at 57,457. Number of hogs, 27,293, valued at 64,293. Money, notes, bonds and other credits, 525,296. 274 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Amount received by corporate companies, 372,270. All other personal property , 516,676. Total amount, $2,462,644. The assessor returned a list of 2,637 dogs (perhaps one-third the number in the county) property which is a nuisance to the county. The value of sheep and other property destroyed by fostering and breeding the canine species is far in excess of all the damages assessed and collected from the owners of dogs. Estimated value of real estate for 1882: Farm lands $3,496,625. Alphabetical lists, 118,475. Town lots, 1,626,225. Railroad lands and lots, 78,985. Total, $5,320,310. Grand total, $7,782,954. The pay of county officers is at present as follows: County treasurer's salary is $1,500, and one-half of one per cent, of all school funds that pass through his hands. The county prosecuting attorney receives about $750 ■per annum, and fees. The county clerk is not allowed to retain upwards of $1,500, after this term, and his deputy is allowed $750 -per annum. The probate judge and county recorder are paid out of fees of the office. The collector deducts a certain per cent, of his collections for his salary. The county school commissioner collects $1.50 from each applicant for a cer- tificate to teach, and receives from the county court about $50 for making his annual report to the state superintendent of public schools of Missouri. The circuit clerk, county surveyor, and constables are paid out of fees of the office. The sheriff is allowed pay for actual work. The representa- tive receives $5.00 per diem for seventy days session, after which only $1.00 per diem. The office of recorder is perhaps, at present, the most lucrative in the county. The three county judges receive $3.00 per diem, and mileage for actual service. The citizens of the county suffered considerable from legalized plunder during the interval that the dominant political party kept them from the polls. So great was the pressure in this and many other counties of the state, from 1865 to 1872, under the management of the county system, that the township system was hailed with joy. When' the new officers were elected that year (1873), they made it part of their duty to investigate the proceedings of the old courts, especially all of its financial transactions, in order to verify the people's wrongs. Here was a general overhauling and upturning of the conduct of the past office-holders. The township system HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 275 performed its mission of wiping out frauds and introducing reform and retrenchment in officers' salaries, and in 1877, the people went back to the old plan of county organization. The township system did not by any means prove a failure or inoperative, but on the contrary, was the greatest preservative of the people's rights. Notwithstanding the cry of retrenchment and reform, the levies on property of all kinds appear to be growing astonishingly high as the county becomes better developed. Without taxation we cannot have good public improvements. The people of Pettis county are learning that money, properly and judiciously appropriated for public purposes, is not thrown away, but tends in many ways to bring back to them its value increased many fold. The levies for the year 1882 are comparatively light, when we take into consideration the great wealth of Pettis county, her superb natural resources, all estimated to be upwards of $12,000,000. For this year the levy for state and county purposes is $1.05 on the hundred. The school levies in the several districts vary from twenty cents to $1.00 on the hun- dred, and average about forty-five cents on the hundred. Mr. R. H. Moses, present efficient county collector, collected $150,000 revenue for 1881. This offiee has already become one of immense busi- ness. The county poor farm, situated in Flat Creek township, and consists of fifty acres of land, of about the worth its name gives it. Paupers are kept here at an expense of $1.35 per week to the county. CHAPTER VII.— COURTS AND BAR OF PETTIS COUNTY. Law — Its Origin and Authority — The Seat of Justice for Pettis County — Early Courts— Their Authority and Jurisdiction — History of Pettis County Court — History of the Cir- cuit Court — History of the Criminal Court — History of the Court of Common Pleas and Probate — List of Circuit Judges from First — Roll of Attorneys since Organization of County — Present Resident Attorney's Roll — List of Foreign Attorneys — Personal Mention. Law. — When " the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and God said let there be light," — that mandate was the first assertion of Supreme authority, and its execution the effect of supernatural power exercised in bringing order out of chaos, and establishing natural laws for the government of the material universe. It was the supernatural operation of physical force upon material .things — the creation of a new order of natural tendencies, and in its relation to mat- ter, the beginning of law on earth. The decree of the Almighty that man should have dominion over every living thing, delegated judicial powers and functions to the human race, and the punishment of Adam and Eve 276 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. for disobedience was the exercise of judicial authority by the Creator, and established a precedent for the guidance of mankind in the enforcement of law. The sages and patriarchs of early ages were the law-givers and judges for their people, but they depended largely upon divine inspiration and guidance in matters of great moment; and upon their representations of the will of the Supreme Being, as revealed to them for the government of mankind, human laws were based, moulded and fashioned. Since Moses delivered the law engraven on tablets of stone to the children of Israel, the Ten Commandments have never been improved upon ; and to-day the laws of all civilized nations contain their essence — forbidding what is there prohibited, and permitting only what is there allowed for man to do. From analogy, therefore, we may reason, that -the just laws of all civilized nations are of Divine origin — that their vindication and enforcement is by Divine authority, and that the judicial tribunal which is uncorrupted by bribery or uninfluenced by prejudice or passion, as far as human wisdom can go, represents the will and authority of the Divine Being. The reign of law, order, peace and prosperity, or violence, bloodshed, anarchy and ruin, are the lessons of history respecting the existence and enforcement, or the entire absence of just laws in nations of past ages, leaving upon every reflecting mind the unpleasant impression, that man is by nature a rebel and an outlaw, and without the refining influences of civilization is the most vicious and depraved of all creatures. Civilization is the fruit of just laws honestly and intelligently administered, and the moral and intellectual standard of nations and communites may be correct- ly determined by an investigation of the character of their laws and the degree of impartiality and faithfulness with which they are executed. It is a matter of history, that from time immemorial, lawyers have been the law-makers of the world, and the sole instruments of legal administra- tion; and again, reasoning from analogy, the fact is clearly and conclu- sively established, that the intelligence, culture refinement and moral worth of every community, are faithfully represented by its courts and bar. No country in the world possesses a better legal code than the United States. The legitimate offspring of the popular will, founded upon prece- dents and forms of English law antedating the reign of Alfred, and crowned by the eternal principles of right and equal and exa'ct justice, they are equal to every emergency, and meet every requirement. There can be no wrong that they are powerless to right — so far as human power can go in that direction, and no grievance that they cannot redress within the bounds of reason and justice. To day, whatever may be said to the contrary, Missouri is the peer of any of her sister states in the completeness and wisdom of her laws, and in HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 277 this connection whatever may be said of Missouri applies with equal force and appropriateness to Pettis county. Early Courts. — Owing to the incompleteness of the early records, it is not possible to give as complete a history of the courts of Pettis county as we had contemplated, but we have succeeded at the cost of much labor and money, in obtaining' very satisfactory information from old settlers, and can therefore give such facts as are of primary importance to the legal fraternity, and of especial interest to the general reader. The early courts were of the most primitive character, and judicial procedure in accordance with the simplest forms, unburdened by the com- plex technicalities of the present day. The proceedings in court trials partook largely of the character of courts-martial, being arbitrary and strictly in accordance with both letter and spirit of the law. Jury trials were conducted according to the simplest forms — the jury, as a matter of fact, acting merely as a board of arbitration. The court dockets were not cumbered with long lists of causes , based upon theoretical law points, for the judges promptly declined to consider causes not strictly within the bounds of equity. The result was that the business of the courts was dispatched with rapidity and promptness, and conclusions reached by the shortest and simplest methods. The Seat of Justice. — By act of the legislature of Missouri, January 26th, 1833, Pettis county was organized, comprising all the territory within the present eastern, northern and western boundaries, and extend- ing south to the middle of the Osage river. The house of James Ramey at St. Helena, now known as Pin Hook Mills, situated eight miles north and one mile east of Sedalia, was designated as the place where the courts should be held, until the tribunal transacting business for the county should establish a temporary seat of justice. . The act also created a county court, designated the times of its meeting, and empowered the governor to appoint temporary judges. By act of the legislature, December 3d, 1834, the temporary seat of justice for Pettis county was continued at St. Helena, until the permanent seat of justice should be selected and established, and Joseph S. Anderson of Cooper county, John Stapp of Lafayette county and John Rucker of Howard county, appointed commissioners to select a site for permanent seat of justice. By authority of the act above mentioned, the business of the county was transacted at St. Helena, until' 1837, when by act of the legislature George- town, three miles north of Sedalia, was selected as the permanent seat of justice for Pettis county, and a large substantial brick building was erected for the accommodation of the courts and county officials. The frame work of the building consisted of massive beams of hewn timber framed together with great care and skill and firmly anchored in the walls. 278 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Forty-three years that grand old building stood there, — breasting the storms — unshaken; and the children, who played within the shadow of its walls had become mothers and fathers, with gray hair and time-furrowed faces. Forty-three years — nearly half a century — and the men who had laid its foundation and reared its walls, who had framed its massive timbers and fashioned such parts into a symmetrical whole, were bowed with age, or had passed into another life. A generation had been born and had passed away, and a wilderness had been transformed into a country teem- ing with human life and energy, and then the walls of that historic temple of justice, that through all these years had looked down upon scenes of festivity and gloom, of joy and woe, of peace and war; that h;id echoed to the tread of armed men and the eloquence of orators pleading for justice were dismantled and leveled by ruthless hands, and carried away to Sedalia, to be used in the construction of a stable. "To what base uses must we all return * * * * Imperial Czar dead and turned to clay, Might stop a hole to keep the wind away; O, that the earth which held the world in awe Should patch a wall to expell the winter flaw." Georgetown remained the permanent seat of justice for Pettis county from 1837 to 1865, when by act of the state legislature it was removed to Sedalia, its present location. The County Court. — The act of the legislature of Missouri, January 26, 1833, which provided for the organization of Pettis county, and the establishment of a temporary seat of justice, also created the county court, and empowered the governor to appoint judges therefor, to serve until the general election in the county, which was ordered to be held in 1834. As before mentioned, the place selected temporarily for the transaction of the business of the county, was St. Helena, and times for holding the county courts, the third Mondays in February, May, August and Novem- ber. In compliance with the above act, the governor appointed James Ramey, Elijah Taylor, and Wm. A. Miller judges of the county court, and the first session was held on the third Monday in February following. Roster of the County Court. — From its organization to the pres- ent time (1882), including the above named, and the years of service, the" following changes have occurred in the -personnel of the court: In 1833 three judges were appointed, viz: James Ramey, appointed 1833, served until 1838. Elijah Taylor, appointed 1833, served until 1838. Wm. A. Miller, appointed 1833, served until 1838. Wm. A. Miller, elected 1838, served until 1842. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 279 Thomas Wasson, elected 183S, served until 1842. James Brown, elected 1838, served until 1842. Thomas Wasson, elected 1842, served until 1847. Wm. Scott, elected 1842, served until 1S47. Henry M. Ruby, elected 1842, served until 1847. Wm. Scott, elected 1847, served until 1850. Thomas Wasson, elected 1847, served until 1850. John S. Brown, elected 1847, served until 1850. Henry Rains, appointed 1850, served until 1851. James Walker, elected 1850, served until 1851. A. M. Forbes, elected 1850, served until 1853. John S.. Brown, elected 1851, served until 1853. Samuel Dudley, appointed 1851, served until 1854. Mentor Thomson, appointed 1851, served until 1854. Hampton P. Gray, elected 1853, served uutil 1854. Wm. Scott, elected 1853, served until 1854. A. M. Forbes, elected 1854, served until 1856. A. M. Coffey, elected 1854, served until 1856. Wm. Gentry, appointed 1855, served until 1856. H. C. Gray, elected 1856, served until 1858. Wm. Gentry, elected 1856, served until' 1865. Thomas Ferguson, elected 1856, served until 1864. Jacob Yankee, elected 1860, served until 1866. W. D. Erwin, appointed 1864, served until 1866. J. W. Beeman, appointed 1864, served until 1866. A. M. Wright, appointed 1866, served until 1870. J. W. Beeman, appointed 1866, served until 1870. E. W. Washburn, appointed 1866, served until 1870. Allen O. Bannon, appointed 1868, served until 1870. Thomas W. Phillips, elected 1868, served until 1872. A. M. Wright, elected 1870, served until 1872. Charles Richardson, appointed 1872, served until 1873. * John M. Sneed, appointed 1873, served until 1875. f A. H. Codding, appointed 1873, served until 1875. * O. M. Harris, appointed 1873, served until 1875. D. H. O'Rear, appointed 1873, served until 1875. William Bceker, appointed 1873, served until 1875. V. T. Chilton, appointed 1873, served until 1875 John G. Sloan, appointed 1873, served until 1875. E. Canady, appointed 1873, served until 1875. J. Tannahill, elected 1873, served until 1875. *Resigned. fDeceased. 280 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY fW. C. Gibson, elected 1873, served until 1880. John Baker, elected 1878, served until 1880. J. Q. Tannahill, elected 1873, served until 1875. J. Q. Tannahill, elected 1878, served until 1880. John Baker, elected 1878, served until 1880. The present judges are: Wm. Gentry president, J. W. Purdue, and John Baker; H. Y. Field, clerk. Times of meeting, first Monday in each month, The present county officers are: B. H. Ingram, clerk of circuit and criminal courts; H. Y. Field, county clerk; M. S. Conner, sheriff; R. H. Moses, collector; J. W. Conner, recorder ; G. C. Heard, prosecuting attor- ney; R. T. Gentry, treasurer; J. W. Walker, assessor; Dr. W. P. King> coroner; John A. Lacey, judge of probate. Circuit Court. — By act of the legislature of Missouri, February 9th, 1833, Pettis county was placed in the Fifth judicial circuit, consisting of the counties of Carroll, Clay, Clinton, Ray, Jackson, Layfette and Saline, but by act of March, 17th, 1835, the legislature created the Sixth judicial circuit, consisting of the counties of Benton, Barry, Green, Polk, Rives and Morgan, to which Pettis was also assigned. The several terms of the circuit court held in Pettis county from its organization to the present time (1882) were as follows: First term: St. Helena, July 8th, 1838. John F. Ryland, judge; Aaron Jenkins, sheriff; Amos Fristoe, clerk. List of grand jurors: Henry Anderson, foreman; Anthony Fisher, John O'Banon, Middleton Anderson, Athel Woolf, O. L. Q. Brown, Marion Duran, Levi Odneals, Hugh M. Donehe, Daniel Lynn, George Kelly, John Brown, Corvin Carpenter, Clinton Young, Alfred Brock, Henry Small, James Scott, Peter Fisher, Henry Rains, Hiram Scott and Thomas Martin. The record state that no bills were found by the grand jury, and the only business transacted by the court was the case of Wm. Heald vs. James Williams, appealed from justice's court. Entry: "Dismissed at the request of the parties." The remainder of the business transacted by the court, consisted merely of the enrollment of James H. Birch and Hon. Henderson Young (afterwards judge of that court), as members of the Pettis county bar. Length of term, one day. The second term, November 11th, 1833, and third term, March 10th,. 1834, were held at St. Helena. Ryland, judge; Jenkins, sheriff, and Fris- toe, clerk. Lasting one day each, and no important business transacted. The fourth term, July, 1834, and fifth term, November 10th, 1834, were held at the same place as above mentioned, lasting two days each. Ryland judge; Wm. R. Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Sixth term, held at St. Helena. Ryland, judge; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Term, one day, March, 1835. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 281 Seventh term, held at St. Helena, September 17th, 1835. Hon. Charles H. Allen, judge; Wm. R. Kemp, sheriff; Amos Fristoe, clerk. Term, two days. Eighth term, held at St. Helena. Allen, judge ; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Term, six days. Ninth term, held at St. Helena, September 15th, 1836. Allen, judge; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Term, one day. Tenth term, held at St. Helena, March, 1837. Hon. John F. Ryland presented his commission as judge of the Sixth judicial circuit, and Henry Childs presented his commission as circuit attorney for same. Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Term, one day. Eleventh term, held at St. Helena, July, 1837. Ryland, judge; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Term, two days. Twelfth term, held at St. Helena, November 20th, 1837. Ryland, judge ; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirteenth term, held at Georgetown, March 19th, 1838. Ryland, judge ; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Fourteenth term: July 16th, 1838. Ryland, judge; Willis P. Ellis, sheriff; Amos Fristoe, clerk. Wm. B. Almond presented his commission as prosecuting attorney of the Sixth circuit, signed by Lillburn W. Boggs, governor. Fifteenth term: November 19th, 1838. Ryland, judge; Mason G. Pemberton, sheriff; Amos Fristoe, clerk. Sixteenth term: March 16th, 1839. Ryland, judge; Pemberton, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Seventeenth term: July 19th, 1839. Ryland, judge; Pemberton, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Eighteenth term: November 28th, 1839. Officers, same as preceding' term. Nineteenth term: March 26th, 1840. Officers, same as] preceding term. Twentieth term: Tuly 30th, 1840. Officers, same as preceding court. Twenty-first term: November 26th, 1840. Officers, same as preced- ing court. Twenty-second' term: March 25th, 1841. Ryland, judge; Pemberton, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk; H. Young, prosecuting attorney. Twenty-third term: November 25th, 1841. Officers, same as preced- ing term. Twenty-fourth term: March 31st, 1842. Officers, same as preceding term. Twenty-fifth term : July 25th, 1842. Ryland, judge; W. P. Ellis, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. 282 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Twenth-sixth term; December 1st, 1842. Ryland, judge; Wm. R. Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk Twenty-seventh term: July 10th, 1843. Foster P. Wright, judge; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Twenty-eighth term: December 11th, 1843. Wright, judge; Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk, Twenty r ninth term: April 8th, 1844. Officers, same as preceding term. Thirtieth term: October 7th, 1844. Wright, judge; Wm. H. Kille- brew, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirty-first term : April 7th, 1845. Wright, judge; Killebrew, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirty-second term: April 26th, 1846. John F. Ryland, judge; Kille- brew, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirty-third term: December 7th, 1847. Officers, same as preceding term. Thirty-fourth term : April 24th, 1848. Ryland, judge; James Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirty-fifth term: October 23d, 1848. Officers, same as preceding term. Thirty-sixth term: April 28th, 1849. Hon. Henderson Young, judge; James Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Thirty-seventh term: July 23d, 1849. Officers, same as preceding term. Thirty-eighth term : October 22d, 1849. Officers, same as preceding term. Thirty-ninth term: October 21st, 1850. Young, judge; James Kemp, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Fortieth term: April 21st, 1851. Officers, same as preceding term. Forty-first term: October 27th, 1851. Officers same as preceding term. Forty-second term: April 27th, 1852. Young, judge; Wm. H. Kille- brew, sheriff; Fristoe, clerk. Forty-third term: November 1st, 1852. Officers same as preceding term. Forty-fourth term: May 2d, 1853. Young, judge; Killebrew, sheriff; Robert R. Stedden, clerk. Forty-fifth term; October 31st, 1853. Officers same as preceding term. Forty-sixth term: May 1st, 1854. Officers same as preceding. term. Forty-seventh term: October 30th, 1854. W. F. Wood, judge; Kille- brew, sheriff; Stedden, clerk. Forty-eighth term: May 1st, 1855, Wood, judge; Finis E. Cravens, sheriff; Robert R. Stedden, clerk. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 283 Forty-ninth term, October 29th, 1855. Officers same as preceding term. Special term : July 22d, 1856: Officers same as preceding term. The record states that Sheriff Cravens, having reported to Judge Wood that the county jail was inadequate for the safe keeping of the large number of criminals confined there, the special term of court was called in order to bring thtm to trial. Fiftieth term: October 27th, 1856. Russell Hicks presented his commission, by appointment, as judge of the Sixth judicial circuit, signed by Gov. Sterling Price, vice-Wood, re- signed. The other officers of the court the same as the preceding term. Fifty-first term: April 27th, 1857. Hicks, judge; Cravens, sheriff; Stedden, clerk. Special term: July 20th, 1857. Officers same as preceding term. Fifty-second term: November 2d, 1857. Hon. Russell Hicks pres- ents his commission from Gov. H. Jackson, as judge of the Sixth judicial circuit, by virtue of election. Officers same as preceding court. November term, 1859. R. G. Smart presents his commission as judge of the Sixth judicial circuit, signed by Caleb Jackson, governor, and dated October 30th, 1859. November term, 1860. Court adjourned to court, in course. After- wards the following entries appear: "Pettis circuit court, Monday, April 9th, 1861. His honor, Judge Robt. T. Smart, not appearing, court stands adjourned until to-morrow morning." "Tuesday, April 30th, 1861. His honor, Robt. G. Smart, not appear- ing, court stands adjourned until to-morrow morning." "Wednesday, May 1st, 1861. His honor, Robt. G. Smart, not appear- ing, the court, by law, stands adjourned until court in course." Cases filed in vacation: February 9th, 1861; October 26th, 1861; Jan- uary 2d, 1862; January 30th, 1862. April term, 1862: Hon. John S. Tutt, presiding. Ordered by the court that all members of the bar, jurors and officers of the court be required to take the oath as prescribed by the state convention. Court adjourned to court in course. November term, 1863: Hon. John S. Tutt, presiding. Court adjourned November 7th, to court in course. Term, 7 days. May term, 1864: Hon. John S. Tutt, judge. Adjourned, May 7th, to court in course. Term, 7 days. May term, 1865: judge, Jno. S. Tutt. Term, one day. Court ad- journed to June 12, 1865. 284 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. June 12, 1865: Judge, Jno. S. Tutt. Court adjourned, June 15th, to court in course. October 30, 1865: Judge, Jno. S. Tutt, presiding. Court adjourned to court in course. January 25, 1869: Hon. Chas. P. Townsley, presiding; Maj. Wm. Warner, circuit attorney; Bacon Montgomery, clerk; Wm. P. Paff, sheriff. Adjourned to court in course. May term, 1874: Hon. Wm. T. Wood, presents his commission as judge of the Sixth judicial circuit. January term, 1881: J. P. Strother presents his commission as judge of the 6th judicial circuit. Elected to serve from January 1, 1881, to Janu- ary 1, 1887. Explanatory. — From the 52d term, November 2, 1857, Hon. Russell Hicks, presiding. We have not given in detail the various sittings of court; the proceedings being uninteresting and of no practical value. We have furnished only an outline of the judicial terms, passing over the or- dinary court proceedings and mentioning merely the most important events. Resolutions of the Bar on the Death of Judge R. Hicks. — Now at this day comes the committee appointed by the meeting of the bar in regard to the death of the late Honorable Judge Russell Hicks, and pre- sent the following resolutions adopted by said meeting; and it is ordered by the court to be spread upon the records of this court, which is as fol- lows: Whereas, Judge Russell Hicks has, since the last adjournment of this court, been called from his earthly labors, and whereas the deceased had for a great number of years prior and up to the time of his death occupied an honorable and exalted position, both at the bar and on the bench of this judicial circuit; and recognizing in his life, his practice of law, his wise and impartial administration of justice, while on the bench, an example worthy of emulation in the younger members of the profession, and willing as we are to pay that tribute of respect, which is due to his great ability and long and honorable career, therefore, be it Resolved, by the members of the bar of Pettis county, that in the death of Judge Hicks the bar of the sixth judicial circuit and of the whole state of Missouri, have been deprived of a wise counselor, an able and success- ful practitioner and a man of great genius, and extraordinary mental en- dowments, and that we owe and all join in heartily acknowledging that whatever eccentricities of character he may have possessed, he was in the practice of his profession a man of pre-eminent ability, and of untiring ener- gy — a lawyer, who, in all the branches of his profession, studied and prac- ticed the law as the most perfect science ; was indefatigable in his labors, zealous in the cause of his clients, and successful in the highest degree in his practice. Resolved, that a copy of these resolutious be presented to the Circuit HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 285 Court of Pettis county, and the court requested to spread the same upon the records of the court. , T - r T 1 Jno. Montgomery, Jr., Committee, X O. A. Crandall, ( L. L. Bridges. Resolution on the Death of R. P. Garrett. — Now, on this day, comes N. F. Short, appointed at the meeting of the bar, to present the resolutions of condolence to the widow and relatives of R. P. Garrett, deceased, and presents the same to the court. Thereupon it is ordered by this court that the same be spread upon the records, which is done as follows: Whereas, Providence, whose ways are past finding out, has removed from our number and association our esteemed friend and professional brother, Richard P. Garrett, in the springtime of a young life and pro- fessional career, therefore Resolved, That we deplore his death as the loss of a rising member of the profession, as a kind and generous friend; a christian gentleman in all the walks of life, and as a husband and father, whose loss to his inconso- late wife and child, that cannot be estimated. Resolved, That we tender to the family of the deceased our sincere sympathy and condolence, and commend them to the keeping of Him who doeth all things well, and who tempereth the wind to the shorn lamb. Resolved, That the judges of the several courts of record in this county, be requested to order a copy of these resolutions spread upon the records of their respective courts. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented to the bereaved widow and parents of the deceased. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be published in the several city and St. Louis papers. w R R m ^ B. G. WlLKERSON, W. Y. Pemberton. Circuit Judges. — The following is a complete roster of judges who have presided over Pettis Circuit Court, since the organization in 1833: Ryland, Jno. F'.; July 8th, 1833, to Sept. 17th, 1835. Allen, Chas. H. ; Sept. 17th, 1835, to March, 1837. Ryland, Jon. F.; March 1837, to July 10th, 1843. Wright, Foster P.; July 10,1843, to April 20th, 1845. Ryland, Jno. F.; April 20th, 1846, to April 23rd, 1849. Young, Henderson; April 23rd, 1849, to Oct. 30th, 1854. Wood, Jno. F; Oct. 30th, 1854, to Oct. 27th, 1856. Hicks, Russell; Oct. 27th, 1856, to Nov., 1859. Smart, Robert G.; Nov. 1859. Tutt,Jno. S.; April 28th, 1862,to Jan. 25th, 1869. Townsley, Chas. P.; Jan. 25th, 1869, to May 4th, 1874. Wood, Wm. F.; May 4th, 1874, to Jan. 1st, 1881. Strother, J. P.; Jan. 1st, 1881, to Jan. 1st, 1887. 6 286 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Courts of Common Pleas and Probate. — By act of the legislature of Missouri, March 13th, 1867, the court of common pleas for Pettis county was established, and R. G. Durham appointed judge of that court by Gov. Thomas C. Fletcher in April following. Judge Durham was an active, intelligent official, and served very creditably to January 2d, 1869, and was succeeded by John S. Cochran, who was elected for four years. By an act of the legislature, March 12th, 1870, the court of common pleas was invested with original jurisdiction as court of probate, and the county clerk was made ex-officio clerk of probate. In 1873, Judge Cochran was succeeded by W. H. H. Hill, but by act of the legislature, March 8th, 1873, the common plea jurisdiction of the court was abolished, leaving only probate jurisdiction, and the judge was made clerk of his own court; all other business was transferred to the circuit court. As judge of probate, Judge Hill was succeeded by H. P. Townsley, who was succeeded, January 1st, 1877, by John A. Lacy, for the term of four years, under the following circumstances: In 1876, by authority of a special act of the legislature, certain counties (including Pettis) elected judges of probate for four instead of two years, resulting in a change of the time of election of probate judges in those counties to the middle of the term in all other counties. In order, there- fore, to establish uniformity in length of term and time of holding elections for probate judges in all the counties of the state, the legislature, in con- formity with the new constitution of the state, passed an act making the tenure of probate judges in Pettis and the other counties in which elections were held in 1876, as aforesaid,"^w years for one term, beginning January 1st, 1881, and four years thereafter. Under the provisions of this act therefore, the election of probate judge in Pettis county took place, and Judge John A. Lacy was re-elected to serve from January 1st, 1881, to January 1st, 1883. The Criminal Court. — The territory within the jurisdiction of the criminal court comprises Pettis and the other counties composing the Sixth judicial circuit, and also Johnson county. It was established by act of the legislature, March 18th, 1875, and in January, 1875, W. H. H. Hill, of Sedalia, was appointed judge thereof, and under that appointment served until January, 1877. By election in 1876, Judge Hill was made his own successor for a term of four years, but died in September, 1880. Judge Hill was a very competent official and a useful and valued citizen. He was young, talented and cultured, a faitful student of science, learned in the law, an indefatigable worker in his profession, of excellent moral character, and charitable and generous to a fault. His disease was soften- ing of the brain, occasioned by excessive mental labor, and during the last months of his illness he was almost entirely helpless. His misfortune was HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 287 deeply regretted by all who knew him, and his sad and untimely death was mourned by the entire community. Judge Hill was succeeded as judge of the criminal court, by John E. Ryland, of Lexington, who was appointed by Gov. Phelps for the unex- pired term. During his incumbency by appointment, Judge Ryland be- came very popular with both bar and people,. by reason of his pre-eminent executive ability, his uniform kindness, courtesy, dignified bearing and just rulings, and by election in 1880 was made his own successor for the term, beginning January 1, 1881, and ending January 1, 1885. ATTORNEYS ENROLLMENT SINCE ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. Andrews, E. A., enrolled May, 1877. Almon, W. B., enrolled March, 1838. Barrett, A. M., enrolled May, 1853. Bassett, T. E., enrolled November, 1865. Bissett, W. F., enrolled July, 1869. Beatty, J. H., enrolled October, 1870. Bell, C. H., enrolled January, 1876. Birch, Jas. H., enrolled July, 1833. Birch, Thos. C, enrolled March, 1834. Boyd, Saml., enrolled May, 1860. Bottsford, Jas. A., enrolled August, 1866. Bothwell, J. H., enrolled July, 1871. « Bowen, J. T., enrolled January, 1881. Burk, Edmund, enrolled November, 1858. Burdett, S. S., enrolled January, 1874. Bradford, Lee, enrolled January, 1873. Bridges, L. L., enrolled January, 1870. Brown, Jas. H., December, 1872. Bryant, John, enrolled April, 1844. Bryant, J. M., enrolled April, 1844. Blackford, Jason, enrolled October, 1870. Carter, Jas. E., enrolled August, 1866. Condu, L. D., enrolled February, 1866. Cochran, Jno. S., enrolled May, 1865. Cochran, S. H., enrolled May, 1874. Current, W. H., enrolled September, 1873. Crandall, O. A., enrolled May, 1865. Crews, T. W., enrolled April, 1855. Chilton, Chas., enrolled December, 1842. Clutter) J. J. W., enrolled April, 1862. Davis, Tilton, enrolled January, 1861. Davis, Wm., enrolled April, 1845. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Davis, Sam'l, enrolled September, 1874. Dengle, Wm. B., enrolled April, 1848. Debold, H. M., enrolled May, 1864. ' Duber, Adolph, enrolled May, 1873. Doan, Fletcher M., enrolled May, 1874. Draffin, J. W., enrolled November, 1853. Early, T. C, enrolled May, 1877. English, Jas. L., enrolled November, 1873. Ewing, H. C, enrolled January, 1866. Felix, Jas. D., enrolled May, 1875. Fisher, Allen D., enrolled September, 1873. Finklinburg, Geo. A., enrolled July, 1869. Fields, Wm . H., enrolled January, 1856. Fields, Curtis H., enrolled November, 1858. Firebaugh, Jas. J., enrolled May, 1865. Ford, Wm. C, enrolled November, 1859. Foster, W. F., enrolled May, 1876. Freeman, S. W., enrolled April, 1852. Fyke, M. A., enrolled January, 1877. Gauss, Robt., enrolled May, 1874. Garrett, R. P., enrolled January, 1869. Gordon, C. M., enrolled August, 1866. Gray, A., enrolled May, 1873. Griffin, C. R., enrolled September, 1873. Glasscock, Jno. M., enrolled April, 1857. Glasscock, A. A., enrolled March, 1840. Hall, Wm. A., enrolled April, 1844. Harrison, C. J., enrolled May, 1874. Hallowell, Jno. W., enrolled November, 1859. Hardin, E. R., enrolled November, 1853. Hardin, C. A., enrolled April, 1858. Hawley, Chas., enrolled, February, 1867. Heard, Geo., enrolled September, 1835. Heard, Jno., enrolled September, 1835. Heard, Jno. T., enrolled April, 1862. Heard, G. C, enrolled April, 1871. Hereford, T. H., enrolled April, 1845. Henning, Jno. R., enrolled April, 1857. Hilton, M., enrolled April, 1865. Houston, F., enrolled July, 1869. Hutchison, J. L., enrolled November, 1859. Hutchison, S. H., enrolled April, 1864. Johnson, W. P., enrolled March, 1867. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 289 Johnson, J. H., enrolled July, 1871. Jones, Geo. T., enrolled May, 1878. Jones, J. L., enrolled May, 1875. Kidd, Chris. G., enrolled October, I860. King, E. L., enrolled July, 1869. King, Austin, enrolled January, 1870. Kirby, T. J., enrolled May, 1876. Land, G. O., enrolled September, 1880. Lacy, Graham G., enrolled January, 1882. Lacy, John A., enrolled 1872. Ladue, Josh., enrolled July, 1868. Lamm, Henry, enrolled January, 1872. Lee, Bradford D., enrolled January, 1873. Leet, D. M., enrolled March 1867. Leland, Jno. D., enrolled November, 1857. Leighton, Geo. E., enrolled June, 1865. Levens, H. C, enrolled January, 1882. ' Leftwitch, W. M., enrolled April, 1852. Letcher, Wm. H., enrolled April, 1851. Lowe, S. A., enrolled May, 1865. Marvin, A. C, enrolled July, 1843. Marvin, E. R., enrolled September, 1873. Majors, Benj., enrolled July, 1843. Mathews, Stanley, enrolled September, 1876. Means, Mark, enrolled March, 1843. Mithers, Henry M., enrolled January, 1879. Miller, Jno. G., enrolled March, 1838. Moore, J. W., enrolled June, 1867. Musser, R. H., enrolled February, 1872. Muir, Wm. D., enrolled April, 1848. McComas, H. C, enrolled September, 1873. McClung, Chas., enrolled May, 1876. McFeaters, W. S., enrolled January, 1868. McGirk, Andrew, enrolled March, 1834. McNutt, Dewitt, enrolled July, 1837. Napton, Chas. M., enrolled January, 1878. Obannon, M. W., enrolled April, 1845. Outwait, J. H., enrolled February, 1868. Owens, Sam. H., enrolled April, 1866. Parker, Thos. G., enrolled September, 1874. Palmer, J. R., enrolled April, 184S. Patterson, Wm., enrolled July, 1838. Pierce, J. H., enrolled September, 1874. 290 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY, Pierce, Jno. M., enrolled November, 1860. Pigg, Jno. A., enrolled April, 1848. Pickett, A. J., enrolled May, 1876. Pickrell, W. A., enrolled January, 1873. Powell, Jno. T., enrolled April, 1848. Phillips, Jno. F., enrolled April, 1862. Quarrels, C. B.> enrolled July, 1837. Ramsey, Lewis, enrolled December, 1843. Randall, Wm. H. T., enrolled January, 1872. Ready, Geo. W., enrolled July, 1869. Ready, Jno. A., enrolled July, 1869. Redford, W. M., enrolled May, 1873. Ruse, Dee, enrolled May, 1865. Ruse, Richard, enrolled November, 1837. Robinson, Wm. H., enrolled April, 1848. Robinson, B. F., enrolled April, 1851. Richardson, B. R., enrolled January, 1880. Ryland, Jno. E., enrolled June, 1865. Sampson, A. J., enrolled May, 1865. Sampson, F. A., enrolled May, 1858. Sangree, P. H., enrolled February, 1869. Scantling, W. H., enrolled September, 1879. Sinnett, H. C, enrolled October, 1866. Smith, Geo. R., enrolled March, 1873. Smith, Irwin B., enrolled September, 1866. Smith, E. J., enrolled May, 1874. Smith, J. A., enrolled January, 1870. Smith, J. S., enrolled January, 1866. Smith, O. S., enrolled January, 1877. Smith, David S., enrolled May, 1865. Sneed, R. C, enrolled January, 1876. Snoddy, W. W. S., enrolled May, 1865. Shields, D. P., enrolled January, 1868. Stafford, P. G., enrolled January, 1872. Steele, R. W., enrolled January, 1872. Stevens, J. L., enrolled April, 1848. Steward, Robt., enrolled December, 1843. Stover, Jno. M., enrolled November, 1865. Talbot, G. A., enrolled May, 1860. Terbert, J. W., enrolled May, 1865. Tompkins, Benj., enrolled January, 1843. Townsley, C. P., enrolled October, 1860. Tutt, J. A. S., enrolled April, 1845. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 291 Tuttle, Wilber, enrolled October, 1874. Thornton, Chas. A., enrolled April, 1848. Troxell, J. R., enrolled May, 1854. VanLeaton, M., enrolled September, 1874. Vest, Geo. G., enrolled November, 1853. Vose, S. A., enrolled July, 1867. Wade, W. P., enrolled May, 1871. Wallace, H. C, enrolled April, 1848. Wallace, H. H., enrolled October, 1870. Walker, Wm. M., enrolled October, 1870. Walker, P. B., enrolled November, 1858. Walkins, Norman, enrolled January, 1880. Ward, Abraham, enrolled October, 1848. Wear, D. W., enrolled April, 1862. • Welsh, Aikman, enrolled November, 1857. Wilkerson, B. G., enrolled February, 1867. Williams, E. A., enrolled September, 1872. Winston, Jas., enrolled July, 1873. Wright, Foster P., enrolled October, 1851. Wood, L. T., enrolled January, 1868. Yeaman, M., enrolled April, 1862. Young, H., enrolled December, 1845. Young, Henderson, enrolled July, 1833. PRESENT RESIDENT ATTORNEYS' ROLL. Burnett, G. W., Montgomery, John, Bell, C. H., Phillips, Jno. F., Bothwell, J. H., Phillips, Emmet, Bridges, L. L., Sangree, P. H., Crandall, O. A., Sampson, F. A., Current, W. H., Scott, A. C, Durham, R. G., Shaw, V. E., Fast, W. A., Shirk, W. S., Fisher, A. D., Sinnet, H. C, Heard, G. C, . SloanJ. G., Houston, F., Sloan, Wm. A., Hoy, Thos. P., Smith, E. J., Jackson, G. P. B., Sneed, R. C, • Jackson, C. L., Snoddy, W. W., Lamin, Henry, Steele, W. D., Lucy, J. A., Trumbull, L. M., Leet, D. M., Vest, Geo. G., Levens, H. C, Vest, Geo. P., 292 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Longan, Geo. F., Wikerson, B. G., McClung, C. M., Yeater, C. B. McLean, Jas. S. STATE BAR ASSOCIATION. The following are members residing in Sedalia: Ezra J. Smith, Jno. F. Phillips, W. S. Shirk, Geo. P.,B. Jackson. The State Bar Association was organized Dec. 29th, 1880. ROLL OF FOREIGN ATTORNEYS. A. W. Anthony, Versailles, Missouri. E. A. Andrews, St. Louis, Missouri. R. O. Boggers, Harrisonville, Missouri. Ed. Buskee, California, Missouri. Isaac W. Boulware, Fulton, Missouri. D. C. Hunter, Nevada, Missouri. G. L. Hayes, Brownsville, Missouri. Thos. Holmes, Cambridge, Missouri. S. G. Kelley, Knobnoster, Missouri. G. C. Land, Warrensburg, Missouri. Jno. F. Merryman, St. Louis, Missouri. B. R. Richardson, , Missouri. R. H. Stephens, St. Louis, Missouri. F. P. Sebree, Marshall, Missouri. T. A. Spurlock, , Missouri. H. M. Withers, Kansas City, Missouri. T. O. Williams, Windsor, Missouri. W. W. Williams, Boonville, Missouri. Jno. Osgrove, M. K. Chapman, PERSONAL MENTION. F. A. Sampson. — Admitted to practice in the courts of Pettis county and state, on examination in 1868; held the office of United States Com- missioner from 1869 to 1873; commissioned by Gov. Silas B. Wordson as representative from Missouri to the World's Exposition at Vienna in 1873; graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1865, at the college of the city of New York; in 1868 received the degree of A. M., and graduated at the law school of the University of New York in 1868, delivering the class valedictory. A.J. SAMPSON.-^-Graduate of the Mount Union College, Ohio, class of 1862; admitted to practice in the courts of Pettis county and state in May, 1865; served as city attorney, city registrar, county school commissioner, HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 293 and attorney for the board of education for the 7th congressional district of Missouri. Afterwards served as attorney general of the state of Colo- rado, from 1876 to 1878. John A. Lacy. — Admitted to practice in the courts of Pettis county and the state in 1872, on license from the supreme court of Virginia; has held the office of probate judge from January, 1877, six years. Geo. P. B. Jackson. — On presentation of his license from the supreme court of Louisiana, was admitted to practice in the courts of the state in 1871; in 1876 was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney for Pettis county for a term of two years, and in 1878 re-elected and served with marked ability and faithfulness. HenrY Lamm. — In January, 1872, he was admitted to practice in Pettis county and state courts, and served as circuit clerk of Pettis county in 1873 and 1874. Graduated in the Law University of Michigan, class of 1869; is associated in practice with P. H. Sangree. Ezra J. Smith. — Admitted to the bar at Osceola, Mo., in 1866, where he continued in the practice of law for eight years; was enrolled in the Pettis county bar in 1874, and removed to Sedalia the same year; was a member of the law firm of Burdette & Smith, of Osceola, from July, 1868, to June, 1874, and was subsequently associated in practice at Sedalia with W. S. Shirk ; has an extensive practice in the federal and supreme courts, and in the counties of St. Clair, Cedar, Vernon, Polk, Hickory, Benton, Henry and Bates. W. S. Shirk. — Graduated at the Mount Carroll Seminary, in Illinois; graduate of the law school, Albany, New York, class 1865; admitted to practice in the supreme court, at Chicago, in 1865, and engaged in the prac- tice of law at Warsaw, Benton county, Missouri, from 1865 to 1879; was circuit attorney from 1866 to 1874, and judge from 1874 to 1877 of the 7th judicial circuit of Missouri ; was enrolled as a member of the Pettis county bar in 1867, and removed to Sedalia in 1879. P. H. Sangree. — Graduate of the Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and admitted to the bar at Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, in 1867; enrolled in the Pettis county bar in 1869, and served with marked ability as attorney for the city of Sedalia in 1875, 1876, 1878, and re- elected in 1882.' John Montgomery, Jr. — Admitted to the Pettis county bar at the May term in 1868; deputy eircuit clerk in 1862, under S. A. Lowe; assist- ant general attorney of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway, for Mis- souri, from January, 1873, to June, 1881; engaged in cases of W. J. Tucker vs. J. G. Gest, and Poeppers vs. M., K. & T. Railway, which he ■carried to the supreme court. Both leading cases in the Missouri Reports. 294 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Mr. Montgomery is one of the leading railway attorneys in the stale, and has one of the largest and best libraries in the city. John G. Sloan. — Was admitted to practice in the courts of Missouri at Sedalia in 1862, on license from the supreme court of Illinois; served as city justice of Sedalia from 1872 to 1876, and county judge from 1876 to"l878. H. C. Sinnett.— Graduated at Granville Acadamy, Ohio, and the Deni- son University in Licking county, Ohio, and also graduated at the Cincin- nati Law School, class 1861; was admitted to the bar of Pettis county, January, 1866; is a lawyer of ability and has a general practice. B. G. Wilkerson. — A graduate of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, class 1860; was admitted to practice in the courts of Ohio at Columbus, March term of the supreme court, 1862; was enrolled in the Pettis county bar at the February term of the circuit court, 1867; appointed attorney for the city of Sedalia in 1869 and served to 1870; was again appointed city attorney in 1874, and was appointed county attorney in 1868 and served in that capacity for five years. G. C. Heard. — Attended Lebanon Law School, Lebanon, Tennessee; admitted to the bar in 1871; elected attorney for the city of Sedalia in 1877 and served to 1878, and in 1880 elected county attorney for a term of two years. W. H. Current. — A graduate of Munice Academy, Delaware county, Indiana, of the class of 1862, and state institute, at Indianapolis, class of 1866; he was admitted to the bar of Pettis county in 1872. George F. Longan. — A graduate of the State University at Columbia, finishing his course of study there in 1878 ; he studied law and was admitted to the bar of Pettis county in 1880; in 1881 he served the city of Sedalia as city attorney. O. A. Crandall. — Is one of the representative self-made men in the profession; he received his education in the common schools of the coun- try; read law under Col. S. J. K. Handy, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for a time, and finished reading as he could purchase the books necessary; he was admitted to the bar on examination, by Judge J. A. S. Tutt, of the circuit court, of Pettis county, in May, 1864; in 1870, was admitted to practice in the United States district court on examination by Judge Arnold Krekel,, and shortly afterwards admitted to practice in the United States circuit court by Judge John F. Dillon. Robert C. Sneed. — A native of Kentucky, is a graduate of West- minister College, at Fulton, Calloway county, Missouri, class of 1872; he read law with Senator George G. Vest, and was admitted to the bar in Pettis county in 1873, and is enjoying a growing practice. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 295 Victor E. Shaw. — Is a native of Pettis county, Missouri; was educated at Willamette University, at Salem, Oregon, where he graduated in 1878 ; in the fall of that year he went to Ann Arbor Law School, Michigan, where he graduated in 1880, and was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the state in March,'1880 ; in May of the same year, he was enrolled as a member of the Pettis county bar. G. W. Barnett. — Is a native Kentuckian, who came to Missouri in 1856, and was educated at Kirksville Normal School; graduated with the class of 187U; studied law with Judge Andrew Allison, of Kirksville; was admitted to the bar at Kirksville on examination by Judge V. Wilson, in April, 1872; commenced practicing law, April 23, the same- year, at Uriion- ville, Putnam county, Mo., and continued until January 1st, 1881; he was for six years prosecuting attorney of Putnam county; in 1881 he came to Sedalia and has since followed his profession here. Clifford L. Jackson. — Was born November 25, 1857; was educated principally in the schools of Sedalia, and under private instruction; studied law with his brother, Geo. P. B. Jackson, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1880. SUPREME COURT OF MISSOURI. Times of convening, third Tuesdays in April and October. Justices: Thomas A. Sherwood, Warwick Hough, John E. "Henry, Elijah H. Morton, Robert D. Ray. Court meets at Jefferson City. Criminal court, Sixth judicial district, and Johnson county: John E. Ryland, judge. Terms of court, first Mondays in April and November. Circuit court, Sixth judicial district: John P. Strottler, judge. Terms commence first Mondays in January, May and September. The follow- ing rules were adopted governing the court, and as far as practicable, are adhered to in the criminal court: I. On first call of a case, if both parties announce ready, it will be tried; otherwise, at the request of either party, it will be passed. On second call either party may have the case put at the foot of that day's docket. On third call, every case must be either disposed of for the term, or, in the discretion of the court, put at the foot of the entire docket. II. The roll of attorneys will be called each morning (unless for spec- ial reason dispensed with) during the first six days of term, for the filing of papers and making undisputed and proper entries. After the first day the "Motion and Demurrer Docket" will be called immediately after this roll-call, for the argument and disposition of motions and demurrers. III. Attorneys must know that process has been properly served in time, and have amount ascertained, before asking judgment on undefended actions of bonds, bills, notes and accounts; otherwise the attorney's name f '296 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. will be passed. Judgments in partition and decrees in ex f arte equity cases must be ready for the clerk when judgment or decree is rendered. IV. Except on the last two days of the term, or other case of emer- gency, motions or demurrers will not be heard without consent of both parties, on the day of filing; and any attorney filing a motion or demurrer shall enter the same in the "Motion and Demurrer Docket," giving the style and number of the case, the date of filing, and character of the paper filed, and the names of the attorneys on both sides; and such entry shall be deemed notice to the opposite party or attorneys. Motions to suppress depositions are included in this r.ule; and no objection to any deposition or part thereof, except to competency or relevancy, will be heard after the jury is sworn in the cause, or the trial entered upon before the court. V. The clerk shall make out the docket in the following order, as near as may be: 1st. Jury cases. 2nd. Uncontested law and equity with contested equity cases. 3d. Return cases not triable, noting on judge's docket whether properly served in time. No more trial cases shall be docketed for any day than may reasonably be expected to be tried on such day. To enable the clerk to comply with this rule, attorneys are urged to notify the clerk in advance to which class their cases belong. VI. In all trial cases, the issues of law upon the pleadings must be dis- posed of, and issues of fact completed, before the case is finally called for trial; but a reply which is only a traverse of the answer, may then, in the sound discretion of the court, be filed, or otherwise, as may be just. VII. All issues of fact, including the reply, must be completed at the answering term, unless, for cause, or by consent, further time be allowed. Sections 3220 and 3533 of the Revised Statutes will be enforced unless both parties consent otherwise. VIII. Issues on pleas in abatement, in attachment suits, are triable at the return term, unless continued for cause; also issues on garnishment on execution when process shall have been served fifteen days before term; and in other cases of garnishment the issues shall be made up at the re- turn term, where process has been served a like time betore term, and may be tried at said term, unless continued for cause, or to await judgment in the principal case. But judgment will not be rendered at such term against any garnishee not served fifteen days before term, except upon undisputed answer admitting money due or property belonging to de- fendant. IX. Interpleas may be filed at or before the return term, and not after, except by leave of court on terms; but no interpleas shall be filed within four days of the time set for trial of the principal case, whether that be of issues on plea in abatement, on the merits, or of issues on garnishment on * HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 297 execution; and notice of interplea must "be given plaintiff and defendant, or their attorney, at least four days before day set for such trial. X. When an answer or reply shall be filed in vacation, pursuant to leave, and notice thereof given to the opposite party or his attorney, such party or attorney shall reply, demur to, or move to strike out, in response to the pleading so filed, at least ten days before the succeeding term, giving notice thereof. A failure to give notice contemplated in this rule, or to file papers as required by it, may subject the offending party to the costs of delay or continuance, or furnish ground for striking out such paper, as may be just. XI. Each instruction intended for a jury must be written with ink, on a separate piece of paper, and numbered; and, as far as practicable, be- 'fore the evidence is closed. On the finding of a verdict or rendition of a judgment when finding is by the court, all instructions given, and such of those refused as the party may desire, shall be collected and filed by the clerk with the papers in the case. But no instruction not incorporated in a Bill of Exceptions shall remain on file after the expiration of the time for filing such bill; and in cases where no bill' is filed no instructions shall be preserved by the clerk. XII. All depositions received in a cause shall be opened and filed, and endorsed by the clerk with the date of their receipt, and attached to the papers in the cause, and a minute of the receipt and filing, and name of witness testifying, entered upon the record. XIII. Members of the bar will stand when speaking to the court or jury. Attorneys are forbidden to repeat the statements of any witness while examining a witness; and personal controversies between attorneys during a trial, and comments on testimony in the hearing of the jury, before argu- ment, are also forbidden. Willful violations of this rule will be punished as for contempt. XIV. Agreements and stipulations of parties or attorneys must be in writing, or assented to in open court, or they will be disregarded. XV. The sheriff is required to report to the clerk, on the second Mondaj' before each term, all garnishments served fifteen days before such term, for entry upon the proper docket: and the sheriff shall return and deliver to the clerk, all writs and process, including executions, within two days after execution of same; and the clerk shall file such process, with the sheriff's return thereto, with the papers in the cause as required by law; and shall promptly enter all executions so returned in the Execu- tion Docket, with an abstract of the same and of the return of the sheriff; and this docket will be called as provided by law (section 1103) before the end of the term. Adopted February, 1881. 298 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. United States Courts in Missouri. — Circuit Court, Western Dis- trict.— Judges: Samuel F. Miller, John F. Dillon and Arnold Krekel. Meets on third Mondays in April and November, at Jefferson City. District Court, Western District. — Judge, Arnold Krekel. Court meets on first Mondays in March and September, at Jefferson City, and third Mondays in May and October, in Kansas City. CHAPTER VIIL— RELIGIOUS HISTORY. "Religion is the chief concern Of mortals here below ; May we its great importance learn, Its sovereign virtue know. The Baptists of Pettis County — Historical Sketches of the Presbyterian Church in Pettis County— The M E. Church South— The Christian Church or Church of Christ— The Cumberland Presbysterian Church. THE BAPTISTS OF PETTIS COUNTY. In the organization and government of their churches, the Baptists differ somewhat from all other religious denominations, and quite " materially from most of them. Each church being a purely voluntary association organized upon what is believed to be a scriptural basis, for the mutual benefit of its membership, and for the prosecution of the work of evangelization, the government is congregational, all the members enjoy- ing equal rights and privileges, and no human authority is recognized as superior to that of the local church. The officers recognized, as of divine appointment, are pastors and deacons. These, while expected to exercise the functions of their respective offices, are in common with all the other members, subject to the authority of the church. To secure united and harmonious action in mission work, and to promote the general interests of the cause, associations of the church are formed; but no legislative, or judicial powers are assumed by such organizations; and only as advisory bodies can they take cognizance of any of the officers of the individual church. Thus is each church a republic by itself, subject only to the supreme authority of Christ, its recognized Head and Lawgiver. This independence of the churches, and absence of any centralized power might seem to be an impediment to concerted action, and aggres- sive work; but the history of the denomination shows it possessed of so much esfrit de corps, that greater coherence and harmony is manifest than in other bodies wilh a more mechanical organization; and, perhaps, no religious denomination is so little affected by political, or social, muta- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 299 tions, or so readily recovers from the effect of disturbing elements of what- ever nature. The devotion of Baptists to the doctrines and practices of the denomi- nation, and the conviction that these doctrines and practices are sustained and required by the scriptures, not only secures "unity of spirit" among the membership, but stimulates and sustains that characteristic zeal for their propogation, which has always kept the denomination in the front rank of the pioneers in missionary enterprise. True to their history elsewhei e, the Baptists were among the first to enter the State of Missouri — then a part of the territory of Louisiana. In fact, excepting the Catholics, the first sermon preached west of the Missis- sippi river was preached by a Baptist, and the first church organized was a Baptist church. From "Duncan's History of the Baptists of Missouri," we make the following extracts: The first permanent Baptist church organization in Missouri was the Bethel, in 1806, in Cape Girardeau county, in 1807. The first association was called Bethel, formed in 1816, in southeast Missouri; the second was the Missouri, now called St. Louis, in 1817, and the third, the Mt Pleasant, in 1818. John Clark, a Baptist in sentiment, was the first, other than Catholic, to preach west of the great river. He came over to St. Louis county in 1798. Thomas Johnson, a preacher of Georgia, came and preached in 1799; neither of them settled then. Thomas P. Musick was the first resi- dent Baptist minister in Missouri, in 1804. These small beginnings here, in 1881 grew into 1,445 churches, 920 ministers, and 89,915 members, and give about $30,000 a year to the sup- port of missions. They, also, have eleven educational institutions in the state — one for young men, three for young ladies, and seven for both sexes. The first Baptist church, and as far as could be ascertained by the writer, the first church of any denomination organized in Pettis county, was the Muddy Fork church, situated three or four miles northeast of Georgetown. It was organized by Elders Jacob Chim and William Jen- nings, and among the constituent members were: James Anderson, John O'Bannon, Solomon Reed, Thomas Wasson, and Adam Scott; the date of its constitution could not be ascertained definitely, but was certainly prior to the year 1834. In the year 1837 or 1838 the Walnut Branch church was organized, about ten miles west of Sedalia, with twelve or fourteen members; its first pastor being Rev. Martelles Embree. These churches belonged to what is known as the "Old School" or "Anti- Mission" Baptists, a division of the denomination that separated from the main body about about the years 1827 and 1828. In doctrine they are distinguished from the missionary Baptists by what the latter esteem ultra views of a limited atonement, and of unconditional election, and reproba- 300 HISTOK.Y OF PETTIS COUNTY. tion. In theory and practice, they are opposed to all missionary enterprises, to Sabbath schools, to an educated ministry, and to stipulated salaries. While they do not advocate intemperence they claim the same right to manufacture, sell and use ardent spirits that is accorded to any other enterprise; and so far as the use is concerned, they "show their faith by their works." Only one church of this order, the Walnut Branch, now exists in the county. The principal preachers in the county have been : Jacob Chism^ Wm. Jennings, — Wolfe, Martelles Embree, and James Teague. The first Missionary Baptist church, established in the county, was the Providence church, situated about three miles southwest of Clifton, or- ganized April 4, 1842, by Elders A. P. Williams, and J. G. Berkley; the second was Flat Creek, five miles south of Smithton, organized Septem- ber 23, 1846, by Elders J. G. Berkley, and Elias George; the next in or- der of date, was Bethlehem, seven miles south ofSedalia, June 7, 1851, by Elder G. W. Sands, and Deacon J. E. Crawford. Following this was South Fork, in Blackwater township, September, 1855, by Elder G. W. Sands. At intervals of varying length others have been established, until there are now in the county seventeen Missionary Baptist churches, with twelve resident ministers. The pioneer preachers of the county were, generally, men of sterling worth, and untiring energy. Some of them were men of considerable culture, and "mighty in the scriptures." As a class they seem to have been eminently adapted to the then existing conditions of society. Among the early settlers were men of strong common sense, and the very condi- tion of things made them intensely practical in thought and in action. To influence such minds, and to mold character under such circum- stances, men were needed, who from the pulpit, and in their associations with the people, would preach a practical gospel. A people having to do with the stern realities of frontier life had little time or disposition to in- terest themselves in the metaphysical speculations of the schools; but in- stinctively yearned for a religion that impressed them with a sense of its reality, and that would with its well defined doctrines, and infallible prom- ises, guide and comfort them in the actualities of this life, while assuring them of a more perfect life in the world to come. Among those prominent in pioneer work, may be mentioned, Jesse G. Berkley, Thornton Rucker, George W. Sands, Elias George, and W. P. C. Caldwell. Later, came Isaiah Spurgin, Wm. Ferguson, Jonathan Gott,, E. H. Burchfield, and B. T. Thomas. Of the former, all have passed, away, except Elias George. He was a native of Wales, and came to Mis- souri from Ohio, where he had long been engaged in successful labor, as an earnest preacher of the gospel. Coming to Missouri he settled in Mor- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 301 gan county, was pastor of several churches in that county, and labored extensively and with success in Cooper and Pettis. He was a man of good native talent, and a very vigorous speaker — of a very sanguine temperament, he was very enthusiastic in his devotion to what he believed to be the right, and as impatient in disappointment. In the agitation that preceded and led to the civil war, his decided convic- tions on the questions at issue caused him to encounter such opposition as led him to feel that he could be more useful where the people were more generally in sympathy with his views, and he returned to Ohio. After the war he came again to this state, settling in north Missouri, and is still, at a very advanced age, preaching the gospel he has loved so long. J. G. Berkley and Thornton Rucker, neither of them residents of the county, were missionaries of the Blue River Association, and did effective service in gathering together the scattering Baptists of the several com- munities, and sowing the seeds of future harvests. W. P. C. Caldwell lived in Johnson county, but labored extensively in Pettis. He was, perhaps, the ablest of the contemporary preachers. A man of fine personal presence, of liberal culture for the times, with a strong voice, and great force of character, while perhaps unduly disposed to be dogmatic, his influence was potent, not onlyin the conversion of men to a practical belief in the gospel, but in building up and indoctrinating the churches. As fellow-laborers, he and Elder George were for several years intimately associated; and in their personal peculiarities there ap- peared to be that happy conjunction of characteristics which made them, as "fellow helpers to the truth," very effective workers in their joint ser- vices. Both were men of strong convictions, and while happily they had come to occupy separate fields of labor before the crisis came in our civil strife that rent and distracted communities and even churches, these two yoke-fellows were very far removed from each other in sentiment. While Elder George espoused the cause of the Union with all the ardor of his impulsive Welsh nature, Elder Caldwell gave himself, soul and body, to the Confederacy. It can but be a matter of profound satisfaction to the personal friends of both parties, and to all lovers of the cause they both had served so faith- fully, that the intimate association of these two stalwarts had been inter- rupted by circumstances before the unhappy point of difference was reached, and that, having lived and labored together in the strongest bonds of personal and christian fellowship, they were not fated to meet, when, under the intense excitement of the times, the political sentiments so tenaciously grasped by their strong natures could but have interposed a fatal barrier to their former cordial relations. It may be as well to state here, that in relation to the causes and conduct 7 302 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. of the war, the Baptists of the county, and of the state, in common with other denominations, were radically divided; and while, in the state, the preponderance of sentiment was in sympathy with the south, in the county the Union feeling was very strong, if not in the ascendency. And not only was there this opposition in feeling, but members of the same denom- ination, and sometimes of the same church, as soldiers in the opposing armies, were arrayed in deadly conflict; but with the close of the war came a disposition to reassert the principles of the "gospel of peace," and to restore previously existing fraternal relations. It is, perhaps, true, that in no denomination was the division more clearly marked, or the advocacy of the cause more determined, than in the ranks of the Baptists; and certainly in no other has the return to peaceable relations been more rapid, or more complete. In the solution of the vexed problem of "reconstruction," as it met the statesmen and philan- thropists of our own country, at the close of the war, with its multitudi- nous applications, and environed with its complicated difficulties, the Bap- tists of Missouri may be said to have taken the initiative. While our legislators were wrestling with the problem, and before they had even succeeded in determining the status of the states once in rebel- lion, — while other bodies, civil and religious, were in the confusion of dis- turbed relations, and vainly seeking a readjustment of rights and privi- leges, the Baptists of Missouri quietly reconstructed themselves by ignor- ing all distinctions created by the war, and coming together upon a basis of a common brotherhood — a consummation made comparatively easy by their simple form of church policy — which left no vexed ^questions of official status, or rights in church property, to be settled ; but which, while guaranteeing equal rights to all, recognizes the independence of the churches in the administration of their own affairs; and, calling no man master, relies, at last, upon what is found to be the stronghold of union: The love of Christ constraining to a willing devotion to His cause those who recognize in Him their Only Head and Law Giver. In the general associations and the district associations of the state, the missionary and educational work of the Baptists is unified ; and in nearly, if not quite, every church of the state, are to be found representatives of the opposing sides in the late conflict; but while extremists on both sides may have sought to hinder the reconciliation, and perpetuate the acri- mony of the past, with the great body of the Baptists of Missouri there is a very evident desire to " follow after the things that make for peace," and while deploring the fact that political disturbances, leading to aliena- tion and bitterness of feeling, should have furnished the occasion, they, nevertheless, point with commendable pride to that part of their history which gives them position, in the far front, of all reconstructionary organ- izations, whether civil or religious; and exhibits the power of the religion HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 303 of Christ to overcome, in the heart of a truly converted church member, the lower passions of our humanity, that may have gained, for a time, the ascendency. Of the preachers before named, as second in the succession of pioneers, Isaiah Spurgin and Jonathan Gott, after many years of arduous service, have gone to their reward. Elder Spurgin was a native of North Carolina; came to Missouri in 1843, and uniting with the Virginia Grove Church in Lafayette county served it as pastor for several years. This church was of the " Anti- mission," or " Hardshell," but while Elder Spurgin had been, and still was, connected with that denomination he does not seem to have been in full accord with them in all of their doctrines and practices, and about the year 1853 he withdrew from them and united with the Missionary Baptist Church of South Fork. Here he retained his membership until his death in 1877, and most of the time was their recognized pastor. Father Spurgin had not enjoyed the advantages of a liberal educa- tion, but was noted for his knowledge of the Scriptures. While his read- ing was by no means confined to the Bible, he for many years had made it a rule to read it through consecutively once a year. Whether or not it was a remaining vestige of his Hardshell training, he never required a compensation for his own services, but did not hesitate to teach the duty of pastoral support, and was especially importune in urging his people to the support of missionary work, and was himself a liberal contributor. Jonathan £Lott was born ii» Kentucky, but began and ended his ministry in Missouri. During most of his ministerial life he lived on a farm near Hazel Hill, in Lafayette county, and labored in that and adjoining coun- ties ; a large part of his work being done in Pettis. He was a " self-made man," but so assiduously had he improved his opportunities, that no one listening to him preach would have thought that his. speech, so fluent, sometimes really elegant, and almost always correct, was governed by no theoretical knowledge of the laws of language. His views of Scripture teaching were quite comprehensive, and his own well-defined ideas were always so clearly expressed that no one experienced any difficulty in understanding him, and while sometimes quite earnest and demonstrative in manner, his preaching was never a simple succession of sounds with- out sense or meaning. To a well-balanced, if not peculiarly strong mind, were added those qualities of heart that won the confidence and affection of all who knew him well, and whatever might be their estimate of him in other respects, all would unite in pronouncing him "a good man." As missionary and pastor, as a friend and brother, he will long be kindly remembered in the Baptist churches and households of Pettis county. Wm. Ferguson and B. T. Thomas are still residents of the county. The former, a native of North Carolina, came to this county in 1843. 304 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Being now in advanced age and delicate health he has retired from pastoral work, but still loves to preach when duty demands and health permits. B. T. Thomas, by birth a Virginian, has for many years lived on a farm in the south part of the county, and has served as pastor many of the churches of this and adjoining counties. In some respects his advantages have been superior to those of most of his fellow workers, he being a graduate of Georgetown College, Kentucky. E. H. Burchfield was born in Tennessee, but first joined the chureh and began to preach in this State. He has never been a resident of this county, but living near Brownsville, just outside the county limits, a large part of his labor has been performed within the county. As missionary and pastor he has probably traversed it more extensively than any other one preacher, living or dead. As principal, or assistant, he has been instrumental in organizing many of the churches, and has probably baptised more members into their fellowship than any other one man. The early preachers were ably assisted in their labors by prominent laymen, some of whom still live, and attest their continued devotion to their cherished principles by word and deed. Among these may be named, J. E. Crawford, of Bethlehem; M. W. Barnard, of Olive Branch; brethren Lorelace, and Bohannon, of Providence; Graham and Calvert, of Hickory-Point, and McCardy and Whitworth, of County Line. Among the departed, "who, being dead yet speak," were: Agee, of Dresden; Thomas, of Lamine, and Williams ^md Petts, of Wake Forest. While the gospel of Christ is the same in all ages, and its cordial recep- tion is attended with like results among all people, the manner of its proc- lamation, and methods made use of to insure its success, are often quite varied. The worship of our predecessors, as they were gathered in the country school house, a private residence, or under a brush arbor, may have been no more or less spiritual than is the worship of a more fash- ionably dressed congregation, assembled in a costly edifice, but, at least in externals, a change is quite apparent, and, it is to be feared, not in all respects for the better. The primitive simplicity, the unaffected cordiality, and unstinted hospitality, which, as social elements, were such prominent features of their religious assemblies, are scarcely compensated for in the refinements and elegancies of modern custom. If, in the absence of the " culture " of the present, there was sometimes manifest a " zeal that was not according to knowledge," the exuberance of spirits, even the noisy demonstrations sometimes attendant, may have been no less fruitful of good than is superior knowledge with no zeal. Some of the earlier preachers may have been " rude of speech," but there was at least a rugged simplicity, a transparent candor, that impressed their hearers with the true selfhood of the men ; and while their acquaintance with books HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY.. 305 may have been limited, their deficiency in the learning of the schools was often more than compensated for by their profound knowledge of human nature. One thing at least may be said to have been characteristic of these early workers. They knew their hearers and adapted themselves to their surroundings. They preached the gospel to those who needed it, and as they needed it. There was so much of the positive in the every day experiences of those early settlers that nothing but a positive gospel, proclaimed in posi- tive manner, would avail to reach and influence them. The introduction of the logic of scepticism into the pulpit, the substitu- tion of the gilded negations of infidelity for the incisive doctrines, and authoritative declarations of revelation, belonging to a more cultivated (?) age. In associational work, the Baptist churches of Pettis county have never been in organic unity. The first churches formed united with the Saline association, a few later ones joined the Blue-river and Tebo associations. After the civil war the Sedalia association was organized, and a majority of the churches of the county became members of it. Recently an effort has been made to unite all the churches of the county in one body, to be called the Pettis County Association, but, from various causes the move- ment has not proved a success. As, however, those district associations are purely voluntary organiza- tions, with which the individual churches may or may not identify them- selves, this lack of organic unity among the churches does not effect the unity of their faith and practice ; but in all essential features, the Baptists of this county are in accord with each other, in harmony with the great body of the denomination in the state, and in the nation, having " one Lord, one faith, and one baptism;" and while sometimes oppressed by opposition from without, and sometimes annoyed by erratic brethren within, the denomination, now possessed of a world-wide extension, seeks, as ever, to maintain "the unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace." It is with feelings of many obligations due the author of the foregoing history of "Baptists in Pettis county," that the publishers hereof insert the following facts relative to his own connection with the blessed cause of Christ here: Rev. John Letts was born in Knox county, Ohio, June 11, 1833. He united with the church when about twenty-two years of age, and a few years later was ordained to the ministry as pastor of the same church; and continued to serve it in that capacity until the spring of 1868, when, having accepted a call to the pastorate of the 1st Baptist Church of Sedalia, he removed to this city, where he has since resided. After the close of his pastorate in Sedalia, he spent several. years in laboring'as an evangel- ist, and while he has since that time had the pastoral care of several dif- 306 . HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. ferent churches, he has continued to devote a portion of his time to inde- pendent missionary work, a species of labor in which he especially delights, and in which he has enjoyed his largest measure of success. Being pos- sessed of considerable property he has never be'en wholly dependent upon the churches for a support, but has ever been accustomed to bestowing labor where it has seemed to be most needed, without being governed by the consideration of pecuniary reward; and in many places of destitution, and with feeble churches, many of his most earnest and successful efforts have been put forth. The position of Sedalia as a railroad center gives him ready access to almost every part of the state, and most of his work has been in the towns along the lines of the several railroads, and in some country churches adjacent thereto. The rapid growth of Sedalia and advance in the value of property has been greatly to his profit, as he owns a considerable body of land within the city limits, some of which has already been brought into market for building purposes, and he anticipates the' time .in the near future when he shall be still more favorably situated for the prosecution of his chosen work. He has written a pamphlet of .acknowledged merit, entitled '•Universal Redemption," which was issued in 1881. His residence is in the southeast portion of the city, where his intelligent and refined family live in the beauty of love and peace. HISTORIC SKETCH OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. From some cause or other Presbyterianism seems not as well adapted for pioneer work as some other forms of christian organization. Perhaps this results, among other causes, from the fact that Presbyterians insist on a thoroughly educated and well furnished clergy, and therefore cannot command a plentiful supply of preachers as occasion requires from the work-bench, the farm and the counter. Hence we usually find in most new countries the field preoccupied by other denominations when Pres- byterians enter on the work. So far as I have been enabled to discover the first effective work done to build up Presbyterianism in Pettis county was by Rev. James Gallaher, who visited the county and held a series of meetings in Georgetown, the then county seat. These meetings were attended with good results, and a church, consisting of twelve members, and connected with the New School General Assembly, was organized in 1843. Quite a number were deeply interested and were expected at no distant day to unite with and strengthen the little church, but soon after the meeting closed, the other denominations entered in and appropriated the fruits of Mr. Gallaher's labors. It seems that this minister lived in the northeastern portion of the state, and at such a distance that he was able to pay only one monthly visit to Georgetown, and then was so hurried that he could hold only a single, service. I can find no records of this church, and have been able to learn the names of only ten of the mem- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 307 bers, viz: John Brown, Joseph Brown, Martha Brown,. Mary Brown, (these were from Kentucky); Mrs. Hoss, Samuel Hoss, her son and her daughter, afterwards Mrs. Parks, (these were from Tennessee); William Raney, Margret Raney, his wife, and Sarah M. Raney, daughter, afterwards Mrs. Rector, (these were from North Carolina). These efforts of Mr. Gallaher seem to have been followed up with no systematic work, for I can hear of no preaching after this except an occa- sional sermon by Rev. David Wear, and Rev. Christopher Bradshaw, the one a resident of Cooper count}-, and the other of Henry county, and these services were held for the most part in private houses, and gener- ally at Mrs. Hoss's, the church having no house of worship. This little church was enabled to accomplish little permanent good, and four of its members having afterwards joined in an organization in the northern part of the county, the church gradually became extinct. The only members now living are: Mr. Samuel Hoss, now of California; Mrs. Parks, of Jackson county, Mo.; Mrs. Martha Brown, of Saline county, Mo.; Miss Mary Brown, now Mrs. Rufus Finley, and Mrs. Sarah Rector, the three latter being now members of the First Church of Pettis. The first minister of our church who settled in Pettis county, was Rev. John Howe, one of Kentucky's pioneer preachers, who removed from Greenburg, Green county, Ky., and located in^the northeastern part of Pettis county, in 1850, Father Howe seems to have removed to Missouri, not with any expectation of doing much effective work as a gospel min- ister, for he was, at the time of his settlement here, more than threescore and ten years of age, but he desired to spend the remnant of his days with a dearly cherished daughter, whose husband had, with his family removed to this state. Mr. Howe was a good deal beyond and above ordinary preachers, and although aged and recorded on the assembly's minutes of 1852 as "infirmed," he did much efficient labor for his Master's cause in tfiis county, as many who were privileged to hear him preach testified in after years. Father Howe died in 1857, and the first sermon I preached on my arrival here was the funeral of that eminent servant of God, whom I had known well, and had greatly admired and reverenced before his removal from Kentucky. The mortal remains of that precious old servant of God lie buried in a small and obscure cemetery on the north side of, and quite near the old Boonville and Indiana trail, and about two miles west from Lamine river. He sleeps just as quietly, and his redeemed spirit reigns and rejoices just as blissfully in the presence of his adored Lord, as though earth's best marble marked the place of his interment, and men's loftiest pens chanted his praise. About the year 1855 a movement began to be made to locate a number of families from Kentucky, the larger portion of them in the north part of Pettis connty. They began arriving here, some of them in that year, 308 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. and continued coming for about three years, or until 1858. These fami- lies will be at once recognized as among the best in the country. The names of those only containing some Presbyterian members are given, though quite a number of other families having in them no Presbyterians, constituted a part of these new settlers. From Louisville, Jefferson county, came William Field, Esq., John Moore, M. D., his son-in-law, Mr. Rochester, and Mr. George Lower. From Danville, Boyle county, came Col. James S. Hopkins, Mr. John R. Ford, Mr. Benjamin Bridges, Capt. John Sneeds, Hon. John F. Phillips, and Hon. George Vest. From Gar- rard county, came Mr. Lucretius Baker, and Mr. Quinsey Yantis. From Springfield, Washington county, came James S. Hughes, M. D., and Thomas Q. Montgomery, M. D., and from Harrodsburg came N. D. Woods, Esq. On the third Sabbath in June, 1856, and by order of the Presbytery of Missouri, Rev. H. M. Painter, then supplying the church in Boonville, organized "The First Church of Pettis." The church con- sisted of sixteen members; four of these came from the organization at Georgetown, the twelve others were Mr. John Motz and wife and ten from the families above named. This organization took place at Priest's Chapel, a Methodist Church on Heath's creek in Pettis county. The church obtained permission to hold service in this chapel for two Sundays in the month till they could have time to build a house of worship for themselves. On the first and second pages of the records of "The First Church of Pettis," I find this minute: "In October, 1856, the session opened a correspondence with Rev. John Montgomery, then pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Ky., which event- uated in his becoming stated supply "to this church," and "he entered on his labors the fourth Sabbath in October, 1857." As all my time was engaged for this church, and as yet they had no house of their own, "it was arranged that Bro. Montgomery preach for the present in the Metho- dist Church on the first and fourth Sabbaths in each month, a/id that he spend the remainder of his time as he can best arrange for the good of the cause of religion till we can get a house of worship erected." This arrangement enabled me to do a good deal of evangelistic work through- out the county. Meantime the work of building a house was vigorously prosecuted. In eighteen months the house was so far finished as to be occupied with comfort. Henceforth the congregation held services in their own house. Thus, in less than two years, they had erected and paid for a substantial brick church some 60x40 feet and costing from $4,000 to $5,000. One Sunday in the month was set apart for preaching to those members living in Georgetown and vicinity, though for the most part all the people with great regularity attended services at both points; although they were some ten miles apart and the congregations were uniformly large. From this period till the civil war the growth of this HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 309 church will be indicated with sufficient clearness by the reports to the Presbytery from time to time. In the spring of 1859 this church, organ- ized in 1856 with sixteen members, reported to Lafayette Presbytery 64 members, and they had that year contributed to missions $40, to educa- tion $25, to church extension $25, to presbyterial fund $5, and to congre- gational fund $665. In April, 1860, the church is reported as numbering seventy-seven members and as contributing $1,133 for congregational purposes. The report for 1861 shows a membership of eighty-seven and $4,020 for congregational purposes. This brings the account of this church up to the commencement of the war, after which there was no further report to. Presbytery nor any further meeting of Presbytery to report to. For the next two years we find only a half dozen meetings of session recorded, when the following note occurs in the session book in my own hand-writing: "After this (April 1863), the church members being much scattered by the war, and it being out of the power of the pastor to get a meeting of session (there being within distance to hold intercourse no elders), there was no fuither meeting of session during the war." In 1864, March 19th, six persons were received with a session of the pastor and one elder, and in 1865 one member was received into the church, and the record stands thus: "September 22d, 1865, Mattie Thornton was received into the church and baptized, no member of the session present but the pastor; nor was there at this time a single elder in the church." During that dark period very little was accomplished in church matters. Men seemed almost to have forgotten that they had souls. The land was full of soldiers, and the conduct of many under cover of military operations, created a reign of terror and kept the whole community in a state oi confusion and alarm, so that few attended public worship; in fact, the churches were for the most part deserted, and a great many of them, especially in the country, were closed and the ministers were scattered here and there as they could find safety and employment. The First church of Pettis, though still maintaining the preaching of the word, has never recovered from the effects of the war. To add to the depressing circumstances that surrounded the congregation their church building became a mass of ruins during the summer of 1877, and the debris was sold for what it would bring, that they might have at least some means to help them, when able, to build another house. From that time, however, they have had no church building,, and have had to worship where they can get permission to do so. It was during these dark days of war that Rev. Joshua Barbee removed from Kentucky and settled in this county. Mr. Barbee preached statedly, at points west of Sedalia, and in Sedalia as occasions presented themselves. Before the arrival of Brother Barbee I had begun to preach occasionally in Sedalia, and as I still belieye, (though I understand it has been denied), preached the first 310 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY sermon ever delivered in that city. However this may be, it certainly was the first Presbyterian discourse ever spoken to the people of that town, and I walked from Georgetown, with Captain Cumings, now of Kansas City, to preach it, having preached at 11 A. M. at that place. From this time onward Brother Barbee and I preached at Sedalia from time to time as we could find opportunity, till 1864, when I went to Fulton for twelve months. On my return I found that Brother Barbee had not only continued to preach in Sedalia, but had also secured a house of worship, which he had purchased in Syracuse and having removed to Sedalia, I found him enlarging and otherwise refitting it. This was the first church building ever erected in Sedalia, and is the house on Lamine and Second, now occupied by the Old School Presbyterian congregation. I wrote to Mr. Barbee to furnish me with the facts touching his minis- terial labors, and especially as to all the facts connected with the erection of the old church building, when he purchased it, who aided him in the purchase, etc., etc. In answer a letter was received, which is so charac- teristic, so full, so clear, and withal, so excellent that I must give it to my readers just as Brother Barbee wrote it, and I take this liberty without so much as asking his consent: March 25th, 1882. Dear Brother: Your postal was received a day or two ago, and I take pleasure in complying with your request. To your first inquiry, I came to Pettis county on the 7th of September, 1862, and remained there for three years. 2d. The points to which I preached were Dresden, Smithtdn, Sedalia, Georgetown and Hansbrough's school house. One Sunday in each month during the entire time was given to Dresden. I preached at Smithton two and one-half years ; at Hansbrough's school house two years \ at Georgetown, or near there, two years; at Sedalia 18 months. 3d. While preaching at Sedalia I purchased the house. in which our people now worship, from a C. P. Prestyterian elder, who lived near Syracuse, for the sum of $300. The circumstances were these: A man in Sedalia claimed to own the house and proposed to sell it to us for $400.. He went with us to Syracuse to see the house. After I had seen the house and concluded to take it, I called to see and learned from him that the house belonged to a gentleman in the country. I determined to see him and walked two miles and a-half, and found then he was two miles and a half from home chopping wood. I learned also this man who claimed the house, from Sedalia, had just been there to buy it, and had gone to the timber to hunt the owner. I started again for the real owner and found him before the pretended owner in Sedalia bought the house. On our return to the house we found the man from Sedalia, who had lost his way, and looking quite mean, with but very little to say. I had the privilege of preaching him a private sermon on honesty and christian fairness' on our trip back to Sedalia that evening. The house when we bought it was 36x45 in size. After moving it to Sedalia we made it fif- teen feet longer. The principal parties who aided in the purchase and HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 311 building were John Sneed, John Brown, now of Fulton, Brother Myres and some other gentlemen whose names I have forgotten, and myself gave $100 each. I think perhaps Mr. Kyle gave $100. A number of others gave small sums and all the above gave more afterwards. The Board of Church extension gave us $300. All this was done in 1864-5. 4th. During my ministry in Smithton we built a Union Church, of which one-fourth was deeded to our denomination. We never had an organization there though we had enough members for an organization. Presbytery never met during my stay in Pettis county, and I was not an ordained minister and of course had no right to receive members into the church. There were those who wished at times to unite with our church, some of whom united with the First Church,Pettis, though being fifteen miles from it, and were received by yourself. I remember no other facts of much importance. Will be glad to answer any other questions. Yours fraternally, Joshua Barbee. Some other inquiries might have been addressed to Brother Barbee, but the time allowed for the writing of this paper was about gone. It may be added here that Brother Barbee removed from Pettis to Saline county, is at present pastor of the churches of Mount Olive and Pisgah, and is doing a good work in a very important and large field of labor. In 1865, I organized the First Presbyterian Church of Sedalia, and preached for it till I was laid aside for nearly two years, from preaching, by a severe injury. In 1870, I organized the Old School Presbyterian Church of Sedalia, and preached for it two years, the greater part of the time riding, as I had before done, to preach to the First Church, from my home fifteen miles north of Sedalia, to do this work. As these churches will give their own individual history, I need pursue this branch of the general subject no .farther. Soon after coming to Missouri I began preaching in Longwood, when I could do so. The circumstances under which my first sermon there was preached, I shall never forget. Imagine a rude saw mill with a collection of forty or fifty saw logs, on and over which were crowded a pretty large collection of men, women and chil- dren, and before them all, under the broad canopy of heaven, a rather small, and quite insignificant f readier, doing all he can to fix the attention of the assembled crowd, and impress on their minds the solemn reality and momentous importance of the great truths of, God's word, and you will have some faint notion of that first Sunday at Longwood. Feeble and far between as these occasional services were, thank God they were not wholly in vain; for on Saturday, September 25th, 1869, a "committee consisting of John Montgomery and Joshua Barbee" met the people at Longwood and organized a church there of nineteen members. To this church I preached, as I was able, until 1876, when it had increased to sixty-seven members, and all these except six had been received on pro- 312 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. fession of their faith in Christ, and out of them only one had been sus- pended for unchristian conduct. This church has been supplied since that time by Rev. J. V. Worshem and Rev. W. G. F. Wallace, and is at present supplied, as is also the First Church of Pettis, and the church at Lamonte, by Rev. B. T. Lacy, D. D. About the year 1867, 1 organ- ized the church at Lamonte, supplied at present by Rev. B . T. Lacy, as stated above, and to whom I must refer you for the history of that church, as also for the present condition and prospects of the other portions of his field in Pettis county. John Montgomery. The M. E. Church (South). — As the history of other churches will be given, it is considered unnecessary to say anything about the labors, privations, self-denial, religious zeal, and heaven attesting consecration to duties of the christian religion and the promulgation of gospel truth. The name Methodist is synonymous with all that is noble in Christianity, all that is attainable in christian life, all that is pure and refining in the character of man, all that appropriates the promises of God, and by faith enjoys the realities of a living faith, a cheering, and compre- hensive love, that "hopeth all things, that endureth all things, that is long-suffering and kind." Hence, wherever you find a genuine Methodist, you find an humble follower of the meek and lowly Savior. Their abiding faith in the promises of God is the incentive to action, and hence the arduous labors, the heroic self-denial, and the almost unparalleled success of the pioneer Methodist of America. In vindica- tion of the above eulogistic remarks, we propose to give a brief history of the M. E. Church South in Pettis county. As is well known this history begins with the action of the General Conference of 1844, and as abler pens have been consecrated to this work, nothing of the kind will be at- tempted here. The history of the M. E. Church South then properly begins with this date. 1844. — The first quarterly conference of the Georgetown circuit, the Boonville district, was held at the residence of the late Rev. W. B. Left- wick, on the 26th day of December, 1844, the Rev. Jesse Green, presid- ing elder, James L. Porter, pastor. The following official members com- posed this first official meeting, and completed the organization of the Georgetown circuit, viz: James L. Porter, pastor; W. B. Leftwich, L. E. ; B. C. Howard, L. P. ; Samuel M. Ayres, L. P. ; Francis Martin, ex- horter; Henry Rains, class leader; John Rucker, C. L.; Thomas Kemp, C. L.; Jesse Green, president, and L. M. Ayres, secretary. To illustrate the abundant labors of the pioneer Methodist ministers, we give the following list of appointments for monthly preaching on the Georgetown circuit, viz: Priest's Chapel, (the first church house HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 313 erected by the M. E. Church in the present limits of Pettis,) of Smiley's school house, 3rd Joplin's, 4th Leftwich's, 5th Edward's, 6th Wells; 7th Covey's, 8th Warrensburg, 9th Rucker's, 10th Craghead's. The mem- bership at this time numbered about 200. The church paid this year for ministerial support, $130; for Sabbath schools, $8.00; for missions, $8.00. 1845.— Jesse Green continues P. E., and J. L. Porter, pastor, or preacher in charge of the circuit. During this year a financial plan was matured and adopted by the Missouri conference, and consequently the finances of the church improved during this year. 1846. — The record for 1846 has by some unknown cause been omitted. 1847. — J. R. Bennett, P.E., Rev. Jesse Green, having passed from labor to rest, leaving a brilliant record as a minister, and a christian. The names of R. F. Lee and J. N. Pollard appear on the record of this year as local preachers. A building committee was appointed to superintend the erection of a church house for the use and benefit of the M. E. Church South. W. H. Anderson, Thomas Pace and Z. T. Davis were appointed said com- mittee. The name of R. F. Colburn appears in the latter part of this year as pastor. During this year the Rev. W. B. Leftwich presented to the church a house of worship built upon his own ground and at his own expense, known as Northfield, for which the church expressed due gratitude. Two Sabbath schools are reported in successful operation. One at Smiley's school house, the other at Priest's Chapel. 1848.— J. R. Bennet, P. E., W. T. Cardwell, pastor. During this year the church house known as Priest's Chapel became so dilapidated by age, that it was pronounced untenable, and a committee appointed to superin- tend the erection of a new house. They were: Wm. Turley, Wm. Kemp, G. S. Priest. The pastor, W. T. Cardwell, like the star of empire, went westward and located in Oregon. The church paid this year for min- isterial support $350. 1849. — D. S. Capell, P. E., J. C. Derrick, pastor. Soon after entering upon his work, Brother Derrick, being attracted or influenced by the rumors of gold in California, left the work and went in search of gold, and his subsequent history is unknown to us. John Atherton succeeded to the pastorate. The church having been blessed of the Lord, and enjoying a season of prosperity, the number of monthly appointments for monthly preaching was now increased to six- teen. 1850.— J. A. Henning, P. E., and John McCluncy, P. C. The names of W. B. Leftwich, J. N. Pollard, B. I. Porter, G. S. Priest, J. M. Gray, 314 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. S. G-. Pettis, H. Y. Elbert, appear as official members at the first quarterly conference. These were all pillars in the church. 1851.— James Mitchell, P. E., J. C. Thompson, P. C. During the year of gold excitement, the church was financially poor, but seems to have been rich toward God, and to have sustained with christian heroism all the institutions of the church. Bro. J. C. Thompson was feeble in health, remained on the circuit a few months, unable for service, when he retired, and his place was filled by the Rev. T. J. McLaughlin. A new church edifice was this year erected, and known as Priest's Chapel. To the labor and financial aid of Bro. Priest the church was indebted for the erection of this house, who will long be held in grateful esteem by his brethren for his devotion to his God and the church. 1852.— J. Mitchell, P. E., J. N. W. Springer, preacher in charge. This was a year of much prosperity to the church, and the followers of the Lord Jesus were much encouraged. The church contributed $400 to ministerial support. During this year W. M. Leftwich was licensed to preach the gospel; was subsequently admitted to the itinerancy, and is now the celebrated Dr. Leftwich of Nashville, Tennessee, and a member of the general conference now, May 15, 1882, in session. From this time forward the church continued in great prosperity until the civil war interrupted its relations, and for a time seriously hindered its progress. In the ferment of political excitement they never, in a single instance, stooped from the lofty theme of salvation to defile the glorious her- alds of the Cross of Christ by the introduction of those politico-religious harangues which characterized so many of the pulpits of the land; but Christ and Him crucified was the theme of the ministers of the M. E. Church South, and future historians will bear testimony to the zeal and faithfulness of the ministers who never stooped from the sacred dignity of their calling to gratify the prejudices of party or personal interest. In 1858 a spacious church edifice was erected in what was and is known as the Porter neighborhood. The edifice was of brick, sixty by forty feet. The cost of the construction,"$5,000. Those who contributed largely to this enterprize, were B. I. Porter, B. C. Porter, Rev. J. N. Pollard, Rev. E. K. Porter, Henry Hunter, and W. H. Powell, who was not a -member of the church, but to whose liberality the church owes many •obligations. This edifice recently became so dilapidated as to necessitate a new house, and through the zeal and enterprise of the Rev. John Conk- wright, one of the faithful veterans of the church, the old house was pulled down, and a smaller, but neat and substantial building was recently erected in its stead. In 1862 the relations of the church were seriously interrupted by the civil war. Our people were denominated rebels, and suffered many indig- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 315 nites from those who esteemed themselves as political enemies. During this critical period the ministers continued faithful to their calling, and still continued to break the bread of life to their flocks as opportunity afforded. Finally they were prohibited by the Drake constitution from preaching the Gospel of the Son of God without first subscribing to what was denominated the iron-clad oath of the Drake constitution. This they could not do, but continued to proclaim the word of life and salvation without the formality of a text. Of those who thus continued faithful the Revs. John Conkwright and Josiah McCary were prosecuted as viola- tors of the law, but the decision of the court,, declaring this constitutional clause in conflict with the organic law of the nation, put a quietus to these persecutions, and great was the joy of the church. Among those who preached the gospel here during these troublous times may be mentioned the names of Josiah Godbey, who is indeed a pil- lar in the church; John Conkwright, E. K. Porter, S. S. Colburn, W. C. Godbey, etc. After the close of the war the church was reorganized, and renewed their vows of consecration to the God who had so mercifully chastised and preserved them, and entered as it were anew upon the duties of the christian life, fully convinced of the futility of all temporal things, and fully persuaded that "all things work together for good to them that love God." The first minister sent to this circuit by ecclesiastical authority after the war was the Rev. John D. Wood, a young man who was converted in the great revival that accomplished such glorious results among the sol- diers of the Confederate army. At this time Sedalia, having grown up by the force of circumstances, and also having become the most impor- tant point in this part of the state, the name of the circuit was changed to that of Sedalia, and to the list of those before enumerated, that faith- fully upheld the banner of the cross here, may be added the name of W. R. Anderson, a faithful christian minister, the father of the faithful, who long since entered into rest, "but who, though dead, still speaketh." "Blessed are the dead who who die in the Lord." From this nucleus, so little auspicious at its resurrection, the church has been gloriously blessed of the Lord, and to-day it is a host on the Lord's side in Pettis county. Instead of the one church edifice in the limits of Pettis county, they now have church houses dedicated to the worship of the God whom they love as follows, viz: Salem, Wharton's Chapel, an interest at Longwood, house at Hughesville, at Houstonia, at Blackwater Chapel, at Lamonte, at Eldorado; also, at New Bethel, on upper Flat Creek, an interest in Union house in Smithton, a house in course of construction on Flat Creek, in the Pin Oak neighborhood, and a magnificent edifice in the city of Sedalia, be- sides several local societies, which worship by courtesy in school houses, and in the houses of other denominations, such as Dresden, Hopewell, 316 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. etc. Thus it is seen that the Lord has owned and blessed the labors of the Southern Methodist Church, and that through their influence, strengthened by divine grace, the church still bears aloft the banner of the cross, and the mighty host that thus marches on in the pilgrimage of life, under the blood-stained banner of King Emmanuel, still labor in hope of the resur- rection of the just. This brief epitome is not at all too dignified as a history of the church in Pettis county, but a reminiscence given to the publishers by request, that the world may know that the Lord has such a people here, and that they, like Moses of old, still labor in the vineyard of the Master, having respect to the recompense of the reward. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, or Church of Christ, belongs to a religious body which came into exis- tence about the first of the present century. It had its origin in a desire to unite all religious persons of the various denominations into one body or organization, having the Bible as its only guide in religious matters; wearing only such names as those by which the New Testament desig- nates the church of Christ; submitting as tests to baptism and church fellowship simply a public declaration of faith in Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God. The leaders of this movement, to restore simple apostolic faith and practice, believed that division among the disciples of Christ was wrong, and that human names and creeds, and confessions of faith and rules of discipline, tended to promote divisions and to destroy the peace and prosperity of the cause. They also believed the union of all disciples of Christ upon the word of God was practicable. Their work was twofold: while striving to unite all of God's people, they sought to restore the Bible to its proper place, and to be guided in all things by it alone. Nor has the effort been unsuccessful; the body now numbers more than half a million. Two of the greatest men of the present century have been notably identified with it, namely: Alexander Campbell and James A. Garfield. Its present membership has been received largely from the Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other denominations. The Church of. Christ in Pettis county was first started in Georgetown about 1836, which was then the county seat. The first meetings were held in^the court house, where an organization was soon effected. Several very successful meetings were held there by Dr. W. H. Hopson, and also by Allen Wright and others. Besides these preachers, Moses Faris, John Dejarnett, Geo. W. Langan, Jacob Creath, and Elder Donan, were among the more prominent preachers who labored to start the church in the county. At an early day Elder J. W. McGarvey held a debate at Georgetown with a prominent Universalist, which well nigh destroyed that doctrine in HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. ' 317 the county. The next congregation organized after the one at George- town was Old Union, on Heath's creek, which soon became a strong and influential church. The house in which it worshipped still stands, but is dilapidated and deserted of its worshippers, who still " have a name to live but are dead;" internal dissension having destroyed their peace and prosperity.. The next congregation organized in the county was about six miles west of where Sedalia now stands, in Hampton P. Gray's neighborhood. It, too, has ceased to exist, but many of its members have united with the congregations which have since been organized. Prominent among the families which were connected with the church in the county in the early days of its establishment, were those of Gen. G. R. Smith, Mentor Tomson, Geo. Heard, A. McVey, Mrs. Clifton Wood, Abner Clopton, Amos Fris- toe, John S. Jones, Chas. A. Jones, Ben. R. Majors and Mrs. J. W. Gentry. The church now has congregations in the county at the follow- ing points: Sedalia, Smithton, Hughesville, Houstonia, Dresden, Lamonte, Greenridge; also, one near the last, called Eldorado, and the remnant of one called Old Union, on Heath's creek, and also another weak remnant called Liberty, south of Sedalia about six miles. These congregations have an aggregate membership of seven hundred and fifty. They own seven and a half houses of worship ; most of them meet every Lord's day for Sunday school and worship. The following preachers are now labor- ing in the county: J. H. Duncan, at Sedalia; Geo. Plattenburg, at Dres- den and Houstonia; W. P. Dorsey, at Smithton; S. K. Hallam, at Green- ridge, and Elder Mathews, at Eldorado. R. W. Gentry, who resides near Sedalia, is also a prominent preacher of this church. The churches of the county are engaged in co-operative missionary work in the county, under the direction of a county board, of which J. H. Duncan, is chairman, and J. N. Dalby is secretary, and W. W. Herold is treasurer. The church at Green Ridge has been established through the co-operation of the other churches in the county, and the next annual meeting will be held there in August. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is indigenous to this soil. Her ministers were 'among the first to cross the Father of Waters and cause the wilderness and the solitary place to be glad for them, and the desert to rejoice and blossom as the rose. One of the three men, Rev. Finis Ewing, who organized the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church in Dickson county, Tennessee, February 4, 1810, moved to Missouri in a very early day and settled in an adjoining county. Subsequently to this he operated very largely in Pettis county. 318 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. That our readers may clearly understand what this church is we give some of her leading theological positions and some points wherein she differs from other Presbyterians. Her theology is commonly known as medium theology — is so called because it occupies a medium ground between Calvinism and Armenian- ism, as the following brief summary will show; 1. Election — Calvinism teaches that election is unconditional. Armen- ianism that there is no election. Medium theology that election is condi- tional. 2. Salvation — Calvinism teaches that salvation is unconditional to sin- ners, but certain to Christians. Armenianism that it is conditional to sin- ners, but uncertain to Christians. Medium theology that it is conditional to sinners, but certain to Christians. 3. Date of Election — Calvinism teaches that election was before man was created. Armenianism that it is not prior to death, if then. Medium theology at the moment of regeneration. 4. Extent of the Atonement. Calvinism teaches that the atonement is for the elect only. Armenianism that it is for all, but certain to none. Medium theology that it is for all and certain to the regenerated. 5. Perseverance of the Saints — Calvinism teaches that it depends principally upon the immutability of the decree of unconditional election. Armenianism that it depends principally upon good works. Medium theology that it depends upon the love of God, the merits of Christ, the abiding of the Spirit and the covenant of grace. These are some of the leading differences between the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and other Presbyterians. The data is not at hand from which to compile a full and complete history in the earliest settling of the county. Many of the emigrants to this county were from Kentucky and Ten- nessee, and when they came to their new homes they left behind- them strong petitions for preachers of their own faith. These petitions were not unheeded, but in due time a number of God-fearing men came to this new empire to plant the standard of the Cross under the auspices of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Rev. Green P. Rice came to St. Louis in 1817 and preached in the then small French village. His course was westward. Revs. R. D. Morrow and Robert Sloan were also among the first ministers who oper- ated in Pettis county. In 1827 and 1828 Rev. J. T. A. Henderson, now residing in Sedalia, preached at the house of Reuben Gentry, the father of the older members of that family. The present Cumberland Presbyterian churches of Pettis county are the following: The First Church of the City of Sedalia, of which Rev. A. H. Stephens is pastor; Prairie 1 Chapel, four miles north of Dresden, HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 319 Rev. G. W. Mathis, pastor; Greenridge, Rev. Caleb Weedin,' pastor; Stony Point, near Smithton ; Heath's Creek, Rev. James Martin, pastor. This church has been aggressive from the first, and is well qualified to occupy a territory made up of a cosmopolitan element like this. She stands a unit on the subject of politics, and has always been so. At no time during the war did political prejudice wound her ecclesiastical body. Her churches are found from Pennsylvania to Texas and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Her medium ground on the subject of theology places her in a favorable position to command the approbation of the unprejudiced mind. Her corner stone lies in the doctrine of the Bible that Christ died for all men, and that the regenerated will finally be saved. The zeal that characterized the fathers has been transmitted to the sons, and thus the work continues. She was among the first to join hands with her sister denominations and go into the highways and hedges and the lanes and streets and com- pel them to come in. Among the first to come into this new country and " mash down the weeds and pull up the stumps." One of the immediate works that the church has under way now is raising an endowment of $100,000 for a college to be situated somewhere in Central Missouri. Sedalia seems the natural location for such an institution of learning, and should she arouse to a proper appreciation of her opportunities her pros- pects for securing the location are most flattering in every way. CHAPTER IX.— EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. Introduction — Early Schools in Pettis County — Methods of Different Ages — Interest in Schools— The State School Fund— First Teachers— Georgetown Schools— School Commissioners — Law of 1665-1875 — Reform Period 1875-1883 — Superintendency — Teachers' Institutes — Normal School^History of Institutes and Proceedings — County School Officers from 1868-1883— The Future Outlook of Pettis County. Bacon said, "Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtile; natural philosophy, deep; morals, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend." Education in its most comprehensive sense, includes the devel- opment of the physical, mental and moral faculties of the individual. Hosea Ballou has said, "Education commences at the mother's knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of little children, tends towards the formation of character." The people of Pettis county should feel proud of their progress in edu- cation. The pride they have taken in the cause of common schools, from the time they were taught in log cabins, in 1833, to the present day of handsome school buildings and other educational advantages, has been on 320 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. the increase. The progress of education here is only a minature produc- tion of what has actually taken place among civilized nations. Of recent years new modes of mental culture have placed within the reach of the teacher, new and better materials which have aided him in securing bet- ter results. The primary object of educating children is not that they may escape labor thereby, but that they may labor more intelligently. Children should be taught that employment leads to happinness; indolence to miserj'; and that all trades and professions, whereby an honest livelihood is maintained, are honorable. Right living is the end to be achieved, and it is the workers that do the most good in the world. The man who con- stantly and intelligently thinks is above temptation. The women who honorably labor in the different trades are to be preferred and honored above those who sit with folded hands. It is education that makes duty more apparent, lessens toil, and sweetens life. It is by true education that the moral responsibilities of the human family are better understood. The more education the better the Christian. Methods are now pursued in the school room. The child's capacity is better understood now than in pioneer days. The rod is laid aside. Children no longer are forced under the lash or gag to order or erudition. Fretful and cruel teachers will soon give place for those who love chil- dren, and again will mankind draw nearer to God through the influence of the law of love. In this age due attention is paid to hygiene of the school room. Houses are better ventilated than formerly. Since the introduction of the "automatic" school desks there need be no more disa- greeable seating in our school houses. The inventor of this new desk will have a reward in the numbers of healthy men and women, who in this generation, as children, are comfortably seated in many of our best schools. New and better studies have been added to the course of study in our common schools within the last decade. Now the child is taught to apply what he learns, directing his course of study in the line of his men- tal activity, cultivating the good, and restraining the evil propensities. The time was, not far back, when only a limited knowledge of reading, writing and arithmetic were taught in the common schools. The highest aim of the youth of the common schools in the pioneer days of Pettis county, was to write a fair hand, spell orally, and solve mathematical puz- zles. This age is moving in a better educational sphere. The change came gradually. It was a long struggle of ignorance against education, in which the latter is crowned the victor. But few teachers cling to the old theory. Little by little they are growing away from the old system. A few teachers, those who do not improve, are yet votaries at the shrine of their idols. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 321 "Too weak the sacred shrine to guard," they must soon yield to the new education and enter the conflict against error and for a better intellectual life. In this struggle for better methods, opinions covered with honors have been marched off the stage of human action and supplanted by facts and principles, which have cost years of toil to discover, and more years to establish. To the close student and observer this theory is only new in its application of our schools. It is the normal or natural method. This is the theory of education that antedates all others. The ancients taught by objects, when but few of the most wealthy men of that day could afford books. In fact, text-book theory is a new thing to the world. The first teachers of the world taught orally; they were independent of text -books. To this excellent method has been added the written method. Then it was principally by the observation of objects that pupils received instruc- tion. By placing the object before the pupils the teacher could easily reach their mind by his lectures. In this age blackboards, spelling tablets, slates, charts, and other school apparatus is in general use in our best schools. In schools of to-day, it is from the printed page through the eye a mental picture is formed, which children draw upon paper or boards from the ends of their fingers. Well qualified teachers do not think of tak- ing a text-book to their recitations — imitating the ancient normal methods. In order to meet the demand for better qualified teachers, normal training schools have been established in this and other states. The teachers' institute is also an outgrowth of the demand for better qualified teachers. Now true education is found to be the drawing and developing of that which the child already possesses, instead of the old crowding theory of pioneer days. The educated teacher of this age has complete living in view as the end to be attained in this life and a happy eternity in the unseen world. In a county there is probably no question which so directly interests the people as that of teachers — of teachers of known and tried ability. In the early settlement of Pettis county almost anyone could teach. That time, with all of its rude school appliances, has rolled away. The claims of to-day can no longer be met by appliances of even a decade ago, for experience is beginning to show that teaching, like every other depart- ment of human thought and activity, must change with the onward move- ments of society, or fall in the rear of civilization and become an obstacle to improvement. The educational problem of to-day is to obtain useful knowledge — to secure the practical part of education before the orna- mental, and that in the shortest time. An intellectual life of the highest culture is what is called for in a free country like ours. f An intelligent mau is better qualified for any of the duties of life than an uneducated person. This is an admitted fact. In truth, a free nation's safety is 322 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. wrapped in the intelligence of its people. Only an educated people can long sustain a free republic ; therefore it is the duty of the state to educate, that her free institutions may stand through all ages as sacred and endeared institutions of the people. As education made strides westward, the wild man, the savage ruffian, their common weapons, the scalping knife of the Indian, and the bowie- knife and pistols of the ruffians, gave way to the peaceful influence of cul- ture and refinement. Education sweetens and hedges in the family circle, and drives away frivolity and gossip from a community, protecting the members from the inroads of vice and immorality. It is the strong bulwark of education that binds this nation of upwards of 50,000,000 of people together for advancement that she may shine, in the near future, the brightest star in the constellation of governments. Rapid strides have been made in educa- tion within the last half century. However, the field of improvement is yet boundless, and the work of education must still go on and make perhaps greater changes than those from the time when, — "The sacred seer with scientific truth, la Grecian temples taught the attentive youth, With ceaseless change, how restless atoms pass From life to life, a transmigrating mass," to that of to-day, when men's thoughts are directed to the investigation of what they see around them. Missouri is one of the leading states of the American Union in the cause of popular education. No state has taken deeper interest in the educa- tion of her youth than the State of Missouri. The constitutions of 1820, 1865 and 1875, all make this subject one of the first importance, and guard the public schqol funds with zealous care, while the constitution of no state contains more liberal provisions for popular education than the con- stitution of Missouri, adopted in 1875. Not a sentiment inimical to schools can be found in any of her statute books for more than threescore years of her existence. No political party has been in the ascendency in all her history which has arrayed itself against free schools, and her governors, from 1824 to the present time (1882), have been earnest advocates of a broad and liberal school system. In 1839 she established a general school law, and .in 1853 she dedicated one-fourth of her revenue annually to the maintenance of free schools. Her people have taxed themselves as freely as the people of any state, and much more liberally than the people of a majority of the states. The State of Missouri levies a tax of five cents on the $100.00, and permits a local tax of forty cents without a vote of the people, or sixty-five cents in the country districts and $1.00 in cities and towns by a majority vote of the tax payers voting. Missouri has more school houses to her population than Massachusetts. The amount she HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 323 expends annually for public education is nearly double the rate on the assessed valuation of that expended by the latter state on her valuation ; while the public school funds of Missouri exceed those of Massachusetts $5,405,127.09. It must be remembered that Massachusetts is classed as one of the leading states in all reforms, being the only one of the original thirteen that did not tolerate negro slavery. The following, as taken from the 31st annual report of the state super- intendent of public schools of Missouri, shows the amount of the perma- nent productive public school funds of the state : State school funds, $3,031,887.74; township school funds, $1,950,732.89; county school funds, $3,968,185.08; total amount school funds, $8,950,- 805.71, being ahead of any state in the Union. State fund to be increased by " net proceeds of all sales of lands and other property and effects that may accrue to the state by escheat from unclaimed dividends and distri- butive shares of the estates of deceased persons," etc.; township funds, by sales of school lands, county funds, by net proceeds of sales of estrays; clear proceeds of penalties and forfeitures and fines collected for breaches of penal and military laws; also moneys paid for exemption from military duty. "State fund," in the above, includes university fund, except value of agricultural college lands; unsold school lands not estimated. Pettis county has taken a deep interest in education. The very first teachers of this county were men of ability. George Heard, Esq., taught the first school in the county, and Mr. Milton Thompson was the next teacher. The first schools were taught in log cabins and such other rude structures as those times could afford. The poet has said: "God sends his teachers unto every age, To every clime and every race of men, With revelations fitted to their growth, And shape of mind, nor gives the realm of truth, Into the selfish rule of one sole race." i The cause of education is coeval with the county's settlement, and con- tinuous with its growth and development. The duty to educate was a germ planted in the hearts of the pioneer settlers, and was so nurtured and fostered, that it grew from its embryonic state, at first orphan-like, with- out any house of its own, to what we see around us in the form of more than one hundred and twenty buildings where children receive learning. The early education of Pettis county was very limited indeed. At first a few private schools were started in the settlements by subscription, which grew, as the demand for schools increased to what we see around us to-day in magnificent costly public school buildings with well paid and skilled teachers. The pioneer teacher lived upon a meager salary and taught his school in a log cabin, without windows, except the chink 324 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. holes. In such rude school houses many of the parents and grand-par- ents of the present generation took their first lessons of school life. In the year 1833, (January 26th) the governor was authorized by the senate and house of representatives to appoint three suitable persons to form a system of common school instruction, as nearly uniform as pos- sible, throughout the state, and to report at the next meeting of the leg- islature. The reader is reminded that this is the date of the organization of Pettis county. She certainly came in under a happy star. Only a few other sections of Missouri had at this time breathed the spirit of public schools. It is true that St. Louis had organized a board of trustees according to an act of the territorial legislature, which was approved January 30, 1816, but was not incorporated by law under the title of "St. Louis Public Schools," till February 13, 1833. As will be noticed elsewhere, the office of school trustees and school commissioners was filled by appointments from the county court. Some of the first school officers of Pettis county took deep interest in the wel- fare of the public schools. At a session of the county court, November 7, 1853, A. A. Glasscock, Esq., was appointed commissioner of common schools and required to give a bond of $1,500, with good security, for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. Mr. Samuel A. Lowe was commissioner of the school lands at an early day in the history of common schools of Pettis county. The first school districts contained a whole congressional township, and it was common for boys and girls to walk three or more miles through the woods or wild grasses, in the pioneer days of this county. Washing- ton district (November 6, 1838), was the first organized school district of the county. W. I. Westerfield, Oswald Kidd and Willis P. Ellis were the trustees. The following year (1839) Christian district was organized, and Thomas Brooks, Jesse Pemberton, and Geo. W. Glass were the trustees. These school districts are more elaborately noticed under the head of organization. In 1841 an academy was established, under the statute, at Georgetown, which was quite successful. In 1847 Campbell College was incorporated in the same town, and this was followed by establishing, in 1860, George- town Female School by Anthony Haynes, now of Boonville. Good schools were maintained here for several years. Prof. A. N. Neal established the Georgetown Academy for both sexes in 1865, and continued at its head till 1870, when he was elected county superintendent. This was one of the best private schools in Pettis county. About 150 students were in attendance. Many of our prominent young citizens and business men were students under Prof. Neal. October 3, 1865, Thos. E. Bassett, clerk of the county court, was ap- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 325 326 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNT V. pointed county school commissioner, and was continued in office till, under the new constitution, a county superintendent was elected. From 1865 to 1875 may be counted a decade of unprecedented prosperi- ty for popular education and public schools in Pettis county. At the close of this decade began an era of retrenchment, cutting down salaries and discontinuing the office of not a few officials of that period. With reform in view men are liable to go on extremes. With all the good the new school law of 1865 had done for the people, there were instances in which it was administered by knaves and men whose hearts were guilty of em- bezzlement of the school moneys from the children of the county. The strikers for reform at the session of the General Assembly of Missouri, in 1874, destroyed the office of county superintendent of public schools* sub- stituting a nominal office, filled very often by incompetent men, styled county school commissioners. This was not aimed as a blow against the schools; however, much injury has been the result of this experience of so- called reform. Strictly speaking of the efficient work of the county superintendency during 'the years 1866-1874, which was what the times demanded to arouse a deeper interest in the cause of education, it had its enemies as well as its friends. The schools in the country and a few towns, have not done so well in porportion as under a superintendent. School boards and teachers are embarrassed and lukewarm without some one to lead. In fact the great army of teachers and schools officers of any county should have a captain, whose business it is to look after the drill of those under him. It is now well recognized that a system of public schools- needs some responsible head to direct its course. This is found in the highest school officer — the county superintendent of public schools— a name dear to tvery lover of education. The very nature of his task and the duties of his office imply that he is a man of large experience in the school room. It is an office indispensable to the successful operations of the free school system. Experience has taught that the people of the west should select school officers for their fitness, regardless of political ties or church relations. Here prejudice has often run high, even to the over-shadowing of an office-seeker's qualities. To insure efficiency in the office, men of sterling worth, tried in school room methods and able to direct, should be elected, the choice being unanimous, and made with a view to the highest good of the patrons of the schools, and future welfare of the children. Indeed, the candidate should be a scholar, a christian of the hightest type, who loves the free schools and the children's interests as he loves himself. This county can boast of but few professional teachers. Many teach as a stepping to some other more lucrative avocation. One thing may be said for Pettis county, which shows the interest of her teachers over her HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 327 sister county, Johnson, which lies under the shadow of a normal school, and that is she has never tailed in sustaining county institutes. This coun- ty has good, live, whole-souled workers in the institute. In the teacher's profession, like many others, Pettis county offers a place for those who are competent with honor and usefulness. The public schools of Sedalia are the very best. The course is thorough, fitting boys and girls for prac- tical life. This county denounces pretenders in teaching, and those who complain and .are not alive tp the grand opportunities of the school room and their profession. The county court of Pettis county, September 5, 1870, made efforts to secure the state normal school, then soon to be established. At a special session the 8th of the following month, the county court thought perhaps they might secure the location of the school if they would give the $50,- 000.00 instead of $75,000.00, which they proposed at the last session, and on the 7th of November, the court confirmed and approved this measure. At this time, E. W. Washburn was president of the county court. Accordingly, an election was held the 29th of this month, authorizing the county court to issue $50,000.00 bonds, which resulted in a vote of 914 for and 318 against, carried by more than two-thirds in favor of the prop- osition. On the 6th of December following, Gen. Geo. R. Smith was appointed for the county on normal schools, and allowed $500.00 for law- yer's fees in case he needed it. Through fraud, men of Warrensburg, Johnson county, secured the state normal school for the second normal district of Missouri. However, before Pettis county would give it up, a lawsuit ensued and the matter was taken to the supreme court of the state, and on January 2, 1872, Pettis county court ordered the suit withdrawn, and on the 8th of the following month Gen. Smith was relieved of duties as agent for the county on normal schools. Herewith is appended a brief sketch of the institutes from their incipiency, with proceedings and names of members, to the year 1882: In response to a call by A. J. Sampson for the organization of a teach- ers' institute, a number of teachers and citizens met at the court house at 11 o'clock a. m., May 13, 1869. The meeting was called to order by County Superintendent A. J. Sampson. After prayer by Rev. E. T. Brown, the following officers were elected^ to-wit: A.J. Sampson, as chairman; B. F. Curnett, secre- tary; Mrs. M. J. Tucker, treasurer; and A. J. Sampson, G. W. Ready and T. J. Barton, executive committee. Held two days' session. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. Whereas, Our legislature has made it the duty of all public school teachers to become members of the teachers' institute in order the bet- ter to fit themselves to meet the responsibilities of instruction of the youth; and, 328 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Whereas, Teachers' institutes in other states have proved potent means in elevating the standard of education, be it, Resolved, That the county superintendent of public schools, be requested to notify all teachers of public schools in the county that attend- ance at the next semi-annual session of the institute will- be requested, and that a failure to comply without a reasonable excuse will forfeit their cer- tificate. Resolved, That we regard the "Journal of Education," published by J. B. Merwin, 708 Chestnut street, St. Louis, Mo., as a powerful auxiliary in the promotion of the educational interests of the west, and in order that its sphere of usefulness be extended, we earnestly recommend that all teachers, school directors and other friends of education become subscrib- ers. Resolved, That the thanks of the institute are tendered Maj. Merwin, editor of the "Journal of Education," for his valuable and efficient services during the institute. Resolved, That the thanks of the institute are tendered the pastor of the Congregational Church for the use of the house for lectures. Resolved, That the thanks of the institute are tendered the board of education of Sedalia, for the use of the school buildings during the insti- tute. Resolved, That a vote of thanks be tendered Capt. A. J. Sampson, county superintendent of public schools, for his successful efforts in organ- izing and conducting this institute, and for the able and instructive address be requested for publication in the Sedalia papers and the "Journal of Education." ' Resolved, That the proceedings of this institute be published in the Sedalia papers, and the "Journal of Education." The following are the names of the members enrolled, to-wit : Geo. W. Ready, W. S. Deardoff, B. F. Curnett, Wm. M. Barnhill, Jas. M. Caster, Joseph Kingsley, Geo. O. Brown, G. M. Colbert, M. V. B. Shattuck, A. J. Sampson, J. C. McCoy, T. J. Barton, J. M. Bigley, Edward Brown, Robert Reese, Wm. Hoffman, John Malone, William E. Strong, W. W. Snoddy, L. L. Bridges, J. M. Siglin, W. B. O'Bannon, Geo. W. Campbell, Milton Parish, Eva Griffon, S. J. Joplin, Mrs. W. J. Tucker, P. E. Sampson, E. Davidson, O'.'L. Ball, Mary A. Kidd, Mrs. L. Harrison, Mrs. M. A. Armes, Clara Kells, Julia Kells, J. B. Merwin, J. B. Brooks, M. Cotton, A. A. Neal, C. R. Griffon, J. R. Haviland, M. A. Nicholes, J. C. Grimes, T. M. Walker, T.J. Love, J. M. Bell, S.S. Evans, Geo. Rice, Henry Lamm, Sue Thompson, Miss S. J. Maltby, M. E. Grossbeck, Sallie Young, Thos. J. Gill, J. M. Duvall, J. M. -Carter, M. C. Crawford, Mary Simons, Wm. Hansberger, Fannie Bard, Fannie C. Rothbon, Olivia J. Branham, Mary Ramey, Mrs. C. G. Delamater, Etta A. Phillips, O. G. Cooper, Prof. G. Beard, Miss O. Borrick, J. D. Brown, Alpheu3 Moore, Jas. Vangasken, Ewing Summers, J. S. Snead, S. M. Jackson, Mary A. Smith, Mary S. Thomas, N. E. Wilier,- Martha HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 32!> Woods, E. M. Amery, Wm. Cunningham, Chas. H. Hewit, Maud Zimmerman and John Osborne. Institutes met as follows: Nov. 6, 1869, and continued four days; May 3,1870, three days; Nov. 9, 1870, three days; May 9, 1871, four days; Oct. 24, 1871, four days; Nov. 14, 1872, two days; Nov. 5, 1873, four days; Oct. 22, 1877, three days; Aug. 28, 1878, three days; Aug. 29, 1879, three days; Aug. 24, 1880, three days; Dec. 29, 1881, two days. SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS. A. J. Sampson, elected superintendent in 1868 ; A. A Neal, elected superintendent in 1870; Prof. Westlake, elected superintendent in 1872; W. F. Hansberger, elected commissioner in 1875; Joseph Kingsley, elected commissioner in 1877; J. B. Van Petten, elected commissioner in 1879; R. M. Scotten, elected commissioner in 1881. school commissioner's report to state superintendent for 1880 and 1881: Number of white children between six and twenty years of age: Male, 4,012; female, 3,960. Total, 7,972. Number colored children between six and twenty years of age: Male, 414; female, 478. Total, 892. Number of white scholars attending school during year: Male, 2,995; female, 2,817. Total, 5,812. Number of colored scholars attending school during year : Male, 241 ; female, 294. Total, 535. Total number days' attendance of all scholars, 578,414. Average number days' attendance of each scholar, 77. Number days school taught: Summer, 2,915; winter, 9,725. Total, 12,640. Average number scholars attending each day: Summer, 1,117; win- ter, 3,767. Total, 4,884. Number of teachers employed in the county during year: Male, 80; female, 83. Total, 163. Average salaries of teachers per month: Male, $36.90; female, $36.70. General average, $36.80! Number of school houses in the county, 116. Number of buildings rented for school purposes, 4. Number of white schools in operation in the county, 100. Number of colored schools in operation in the county, 20. Value of school property in county, $ 84,006.00. Assessed valuation of county, 6,438,181.00. Amount at beginning school year, 22,634.49. Amount rec'd ior tuition and other sources 627.50. Amount rec'd of public fund, (state, county and tp., 10,041.74. 330 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Amount realized from taxation 42,600.67. Amount paid for teachers' wages 33,226.20. Amount paid for fuel 1,959.23. Amount paid for rents and repairs 9,618.93. Amount paid for incidentals and apparatus 6,253.65. Amount paid for erecting school houses and purchas- ing sites 1,463.55. Amount paid in defraying. past indebtedness 2,253.05. Amount paid as salaries of district clerks 337.00. Amount of unexpended school funds at close of year. . . 20,840.65. For the year 1880, Pettis county enumerated white children, between six and twenty years of age; male, 3,944, female, 3,813, total 7,757; of the colored children for the same year, male, 423, female, 456, total, 879, making a grand total of 8,636 school children of the county. For the beginning of the year (April, 1880), the county had the following funds: Cash on hands, $22,559.76; received from State, $5,892.56; county, $1,- 601.43; township, $2,223.54; district tax, $33,526.58; other sources, $3,- 297.26; total receipts, $69,101.23; total expenditures, $46,416.40; amount on hand at close of year $22,684.S3. For that year (1880) the total attendance of all the pupils amounted to 802,920 days, and each pupil averaged eighty days, four school months. This great degree of non- attendance on the part of pupils in the public schools, indicates a lack of interest by the patrons of the schools. Out of the 8,636 children of school age, 6,692 were enrolled in the schools, leaving 1,944 out of the public schools. Perhaps one-third of this -number attend private , schools, leav- ing 1,276 children without instruction. During that year (1880) there were 136 teachers employed at an average salary of $40 per month. The average salaries were: for the males, $45 per month, and the females, $35 per month. The cost of tuition per day of each pupil was six cents, and the rate levied in the county to support the schools was sixty-five cents on the $100. The value of public school property for 1880 amounted to $115,000. Besides the public schools of the county, Sedalia has two academies, a telegraph institute, and a commercial school, which are extensively noticed under the head of Sedalia schools. The duties of the clerk of each district are to keep a correct record of the meetings, to contract with teachers, file teachers' certificates, compel teachers to make a complete report of their term of school, giving the time, wages, number scholars, ages, and attendance, with such other statistics as the board may require. The commissioner is elected in the spring at the same time as the directors (first Tuesday in April) of the odd years. He issues teachers' certificates of two classes. The " second HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 331 class " embraces orthography, reading, penmanship, arithmetic, English grammar, modern geography, United States history, and civil govern- ment, good for a term of one year. A certificate of the " first-class " includes all the above with the addition of the natural sciences and physi- ology, and may be issued for a term of two years. The commissioner does but little in a public capacity except examine teachers and grant cer- tificates, for which he receives $1.50 for each applicant, and $40.00 for making an annual statistical report to the state superintendent. The future prospects of education in Pettis have a very encouraging outlook. The county already ranks among the foremost of the state in educational matters. Better teachers are coming to the front, and at no very distant day Pettis county will have better school facilities. CHAPTER X.— THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The following pages of this chapter contain a sketch of physicians who, having practiced some time in Pettis county, have since deceased; also a short professional sketch of the present resident physicians, from whom the facts could be obtained. Dr. John W. Trader, of Sedalia, kindly arranged the facts he could collect in relation to those who have died. A letter was sent to each physician in Pettis county requesting facts about his professional career, and those who responded are noticed herein. In making this necrological report of the physicians of Pettis county, we have been compelled to rely mainly upon the information furnished by old settlers, and especially upon that furnished by Major Wm. Gentry, who has been familliar, and personally acquainted, with all these families. These reports are necessarily brief, as nothing is attempted beyond an effort to preserve the history of those persons who, in many instances, are important factors in the first settlement of our county. Dr. Christian E. Bidstrap, a native of Denmark, settled near George- town, Pettis county, Mo., in the year 1833, on the farm known as the Craven's place; practiced medicine some six or eight years; died near Clifton, at his brother's. The doctor was never married, andh as no rela- tives in the county at present. Dr. Moses A. Ferris was a surgeon in the volunteer forces from Kentucky in the war of 1812; removed from Georgetown, Ky., and set- tled in Pettis county near, Longwood, in the year 1833 or 1834, on what was then known as the Baker farm. The doctor was a representative man; in addition to practicing medicine, he preached to the early settlers, and married the young folks; he being what was then known as a Reformed preacher. The first blooded cattle brought to Pettis county 332 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. were imported by Dr. Ferris. The doctor practiced medicine some ten or twelve years in this vicinity, and died suddenly, while out hunting, by what was supposed to have been apoplexy; none of the family, except the widow of the eldest son, residing at Longwood, are residents of the county. Dr. William J. Westfield settled in Georgetown in the year 1834 or '35, from Kentucky. The doctor was what is generally known by the early settlers as a " root and yarb doctor." The doctor cultivated his own medical plants, and had quite a garden of herbs from which he supplied his armomentorium as occasion required. He left no family in the county, and no positive evidence of when and where he died. Dr. Wilkins Watkins was born in Virginia in the year 1809, and set- tled in Georgetown, Missouri, in the year 1838. The doctor represented this county in the legislature in the year 1845 or '46, and was register of lands at one time, at Clinton, Missouri. He moved to Salem, Oregon, in 1863, and returned and settled in Sedalia, Missouri, in 1867, where he died December 6, 1872. He leaves a wife and daughter who are now living in Sedalia, and two grand children, residing at Ft. Scott, Kansas. Dr. Thomas Evans was born in Washington City, D. C, October 27,1805; educated at "Columbia College," D. C, graduating in both literary and medical departments. Came to. Missouri in 1832, and moved to Pettis county in 1840, and located on the eastern border of the county on a farm which he improved himself, where he lived and practiced medicine until he sold his farm and located in the town of Smithton in the year 1872, where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 10th of September, 1874. The remains are buried at the Smithton cemetery. Dr. Evans was no ordinary man. Deeply imbued with the greatness of his calling, he never, by word or deed, lowered the standard of his profes- sion. His reputation extended over Cooper, Saline, Pettis, Morgan and Benton counties, and for thirty odd years he served this people with a fidelity that will not soon be forgotten. The doctor never held a public office. He leaves three sons resident of this county, two of whom, Drs. E. C. and W. H. Evans, are leading physicians of Sedalia, Mo. Dr. Edward Spedden settled in Georgetown in the year of 1841 or '42; was born and raised on the eastern shore of Maryland. Died in Georgetown about the year 1856. Dr. Spedden was an eminent physi- cian, and of more than ordinary acquirements; was charitable to the poor, and modest and retiretl in his deportment. The doctor was twice married; had six children by his first, and one son by his last wife. None of the family live in Pettis county at present. Dr. Moss came to Georgetown, from one of the New England HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 333 states, about the year 1840 or '42. He was what is generally known by " Thompsonian." He first settled near where Longwood now is; was married to a Miss McGill, of Heath's Creek, and moved from Pettis county in the year 1856 or '57, and died somewhere in the Indian Territory during the year of 1879. Dr. J. K. McKabe settled in Georgetown in the year 1846, from Pittsylvania county, Va. Married a Miss McBride, of North Missouri, in 1850, where he died in the year 1851. Nothing further is known of the family. Dr. Wili-iam Turley was born in Cooper county, and settled in Pettis county, near Thornleigh, in 1854 or '55. Dr. Turley raised a company and was mustered into the Seventh Cavalry M. S. M., Col. J. F. Philips commanding, in the year 1862. The doctor accidentally shot himself fatally, while dismounting, soon after. Quite a large family of children remain, some still residents of the county. Drs. Thornton & Lowry settled in Georgetown at an early day, about 1844 or '45. They practiced medicine together, but left in 1854j and both soon after died. Nothing further is known of their history. Dr. Benjamin Franklin Hughes was born in Cooper county, Mo. T near Pilot Grove, Nov. 20, 1830; graduated at the Mo. Med. College, (McDowePs) in the year 1855, at which time he came to Pettis county, and settled in Georgetown, engaging in the practice of his profession. At the breaking out of the late civil war he was commissioned surgeon in the Federal Army, which post he filled until elected as a delegate from this district to the convention to form what is known as the Drake Con- stitution of Missouri. The doctor, after the close of the war, resumed the practice of his profession in Sedalia, Mo., where he died August 26, 1879, and is buried in the Georgetown cemetery. Two brothers, three sisters, and five children survive him and are residents of the county. Dr. Thomas Johnson Montgomery, born in Danville, Boyle county Kentucky, August 9, 1812. Moved to Pettis county in the year 1858, and settled near Longwood, Missouri. Afterward moved to Georgetown. In 1864 he was oppointed surgeon of the Seventh Cavalry M. S. M., and in 1865 assumed the duties of medical director, central district of Mis- souri, until the close of the war. The same year he settled in Sedalia, and resumed the practice of his profession. The doctor was twice mar- ried. Three sons and three daughters survive him, and are residents of the county. His widow also resides in Sedalia. Dr. Montgomery was an extraordinary man. Endowed with a fine mind by nature, he had, by industry and an indomitable will, overcome all obstacles and towered as a 9 334 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Nestor among the members of his profession; was granted an ad eundem from the Starling Medical College in 1855, and a life honor was conferred upon him by the St. Louis Medical College in 1858. He filled many places of honor and trust among men. He died in Sedalia, Missouri, May 17, 1877, and was buried in the Sedalia cemetery, with church and Masonic honors. Dr. William A. Mayfield moved from Kentucky, and settled in Sedalia, Missouri, in the year 1 866, where he lived and practiced his pro- fession up to the time of his death. The doctor was eminent in his pro- fession, and during the war served on the medical staff of the United States army, and had charge of United States hospitals at various places in Kentucky. The doctor was twice married, leaving a widow and one son. His widow resides in St. Louis, and the son, by his first wife, is a soldier in the United States arm}- stationed out west. The doctor died at his brother-in-law's in Henry 'county, Missouri, and was buried in the Sedalia cemetery in the spring of 1882. PERSONAL MENTION. Name, where born, where studied medicine, when came to Pettis county, etc., of all the present resident physicians from whom data could be obtained. Willis P. King, born December 21st, 1839, in Mason county, Mis- souri, graduated at St. Louis Medical College in the spring of 1866, and at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, 1871. Came to Pettis county, 1859, was president of Pettis County Medical Association in 1876, and now occupies the chair of diseases of women in medical department in the State University, and also the same position in the University of Kansas City. He was president of the State Medical Associaton for the year 1881, was public administrator of Vernon county from 1868 to 1872, and coroner of Pettis county from 1880 to 1882. Thomas Sollis was born in England, June 23d, 1839, graduated at Clevelend Medical College in 1869, practiced medicine in Illinois for eleven years. Came to Pettis county in 1879. John W. Trader was born in Xenia, Ohio, March 6th, 1837. Began the study of medicine with Dr. Alex. S. Hughes of Lindley, Grundy county, this State ; graduated at the Missouri Medical College in 1859, was commissioned assistant surgeon in 1862 by Governor Gamble, and mustered in the 1st Cavalry, 1st Battalion M. S. M. In 1863 he was promoted sur- geon of the same regiment. In 1864 he was made, by special order, sur- geon of the 1st brigade of General Pleasanton's cavalry corps. In April, 1865, he was mustered out of the volunteer service and immediately took service in the U. S. medical corps as a surgeon and did duty at Jefferson HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 335 Barracks and New Orleans. In May, I860, he resigned his commission and commenced practicing his profession in Lexington, Missouri, where he continued until 1866, when he came to Sedalia. In 1867 he was appointed by the Governor as honorary commissioner from Missouri to the Paris Exposition, where he spent some time utilizing the superior advantages offered him for the further pursuit of his professional studies. Was presi- dent of the State Medical Association in 1876-77. In 1877 appointed a delegate to the American Medical Association, which met at Chicago. In the same year he was appointed surgeon for the M. K. & T. railroad, which position he filled for three years. In 1878 he was appointed as a member of the examining board of the medical department of the State University, which position he still holds. At present he is also president of the Pettis County American Bible Society. Dr. Trader has written several essays on different branches of his profession, which have been published; among them, "Diabetes Melitus, " "Bronchotomy and its after treatment, " " Criminal Abortion, " etc. E. C. Evans is a native of Washington, D. C, born October 29th, 1828. His father located in Pettis county in 1832; he graduated at the St. Louis Medical College in the spring of 1854; located first at Otterville and made a specialty of diseases of the eye; he took a course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, in 1857-58, on this special topic, and received the ad eimdiim degree; he also graduated in 1865, at the Oph- thalmic College, New York; he moved to Sedalia in 1873. In 1880 he was elected mayor of Sedalia. Thos. B. Memminger was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1837, graduated at Charleston Medical College in 1859; studied surgery in Bell- vue Hospital, New York, spent two years in Europe; in 1861 he was appointed by Jefferson Davis as surgeon in the Confederate army and served in that capacity until the close of the war; practiced in Charleston, South Carolina, Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri; in 1881 he located in Sedalia, where he is now practicing. W. H. Evans was born in Cooper county, Missouri, in 1840. Studied medicine with hfs father, who was also a physician. Attended St. Louis Medical College and Bellevue Hospital Medical College," graduating from the latter place in 1867. During the war Dr. Evans was assistant surgeon in state militia, serving until its close. In 1873 he began prac- ticing with his brother, (E. C.,) in Sedalia, arid has since resided here. He has been coroner of Pettis county several terms. Ira T. Bronson was born in Watertown, New York, in 1840, and was educated at Newbury, Vermont, and the University of that State, where he received his medical education, studying also at Burlington and 336 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Dartmouth College, at Hanover, New Hampshire, graduating from the latter place in 1869. He began practicing at Newbury, Vermont, where he remained until 1873. Coming to Sedalia that year, and has since been in practice and engaged in the drug business. R. Wilson Carr is a native of Maryland, born in 1831. He was educated at St. John's College, at Annapolis, Md., but graduated at Dick- erson College, at Carlisle, Indiana, in 1849. He immediately began the study of medicine, graduating from the medical department of the Uni- versity of Maryland in 1852. He then went to California and practiced his profession until 1857, when he returned to Baltimore city, and con- tinued there until 1861. In that year he was appointed surgeon-general of Maryland, by Gov. T. Hicks. He served as volunteer surgeon at An- tietam and Gettysburg. In 1868 he was appointed chief coroner of Bal- timore city. The doctor came to Sedalia, in 1877, and has since been located here. William F. Boyer was born in Forsythe county, North Carolina, in 1840. Came to Crawford county, Missouri, in 1855, and began the study of medicine in 1860, and graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1864. Came to Sedalia in 1864, as contract surgeon in the United States Army, and has been in active practice here since. Roscoe L. Hale is a native of Vermont, born in Bransdon, in 1830. He was educated at the schools of Morris, Illinois, where his father moved at an early day, and at Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. He graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1853, and began practicing in Morris, Illinois, and continued until 1872. In that year he came to Se- dalia, purchasing an interest in the drug store of J. H. Mertz, where he now is in business, having retired from active practice. Asa H. Heaton is a native of Indianapolis, Indiana, and was educated in the schools of that city. In 1876 he began the study of medicine, at- tending lectures at Chicago, Cincinnati and Indianapolis, graduating from the latter place in 1881. In the latter part of the same year he came to Sedalia, where he is in practice. D. T. Abell is a native of Brookfield county, Pennsylvania. Was educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and received his medical education at Homoeopathy Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in 1860, commenced his practice in Athens, Pennsylvania, going from thence to Darlington, Wisconsin, where he was appointed examining surgeon for pensions, a position he now holds in Sedalia. Jacob B. Jones, born May 23, 1841, in North Carolina. Graduated at St. Louis Medical College, in 1868, and the same year came to this city, engaging in the practice of his profession. Was president of Pettis County HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 337 Medical Association about 1872, vice-president State Medical Association in 1874; county coroner in 1878, and for the past ten years county phy- sician. J. A. C. Brown, born in North Carolina, March 21, 1834. Graduated at the University of North Carolina, in the class of 1857, and at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Came to Pettis county, in 1865. Dr. Brown has been president of Pettis County Medical Association from 1876 to 1880. Walter C. Overstreet, Jr., born in Monmouth, Illinois, February 17, 1827. Graduated at Missouri Medical College in 1878, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1882. Came to Pettis county with parents in 1864. J. M. Overstreet, born in Kentucky, February 4, 1830. Graduated at the University of Louisville in 1854. Practiced in Monmouth, 111., from 1854 to 1860. Located permanently at Smithton, Pettis county, in 1860, and came to Sedalia in 1879. W, C. Overstreet, Smithton, born October 16, 1824, in Kentucky. Graduated at Transylvania Medical College, Lexington, Kentucky. Came to Pettis county in 1847, the next spring went to Knox county, 111., where he remained until 1864, since which time he has been located at Smith- ton, Pettis county, Mo. William Brockschmidt is a native of Langelage-Antes Wittlage, Province of Hanover, Europe, born in 1827; graduated from Gottinggen Medical College in 1848. In 1852 came to America, located in New Orleans, practiced there for a short time, after which he came to St. Louis, where he practiced two years, going from there to Jefferson City, where he practiced some time. In 1862 he came to Sedalia and has since been in active practice here. Logan Clark was born September 30, 1820, in Christian county, Ky. Came with his. parents to Missouri in 1824. He studied medicine in Lex- ington, Kentucky, in 1844-45, after which he practiced for fifteen years. At one time he represented Johnson county in the state legislature. He came to Sedalia in 1861 and entered the Federal service as surgeon of the 27th Missiouri, serving one year. In 1877, Dr. Clark was elected mayor of the city of Sedalia. William O. Dunlap, born in Pennsylvania June 7, 1845; graduated at Monmouth College in 1870, at St; Louis Medical College in 1875, and then graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College. He came to Sedalia in March, 1880. John Hausan was born in Bavaria in 1821, where he was partially 338 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. educated, finishing in St. Louis. He has been a resident of this State forty-five years, most of the time in St. Charles county. He came to Pettis county in 1877 and to Sedaha in 1881. Robert Tevis Miller was born in Richmond, Kentucky, November 30, 1831; was educated at the State University of Missouri; graduated at St. Louis Medical College in the spring of 1860, and attended lectures in the same college in 1863. Commenced practice at Tipton, and came to Sedalia and opened a drug store March 1, 1861. He is the first physician that located in Sedalia, and is now a member of the firm of Bard & Miller. J. P. Thatcher, Sedalia township, was born in Jacksborough, Tenn., in 1830; moved to Missouri in an early day; when the Mexican war broke out he enlisted as a private in the Third Regiment Kentucky Volunteers, infantry, but was promoted to lieutenant, and afterwards to the command of the company. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia, Penn.; settled in Pettis county in 1854. In 1874 he was elected to the legislature of Missouri as the democratic candidate by a large majority. July 8, 1880, at his residence three miles south of Sedalia, his long and useful life terminated, and he died universally respected by all who knew him. Andrew V. Small is a native of the Province of Lorraine, France, where he was reared and educated. He studied medicine in the Univer- sity of Paris, where he graduated in 1839. He entered the French army as surgeon, spending part of his time in Africa; came to America in 1848, locating at New Orleans where he remained until 1853, coming to Jeffer- son City in that year. From Jefferson City he moved to Springfield in 1858. At the beginning of the war he entered the Confederate army and was appointed chief surgeon of General McBride's division. In 1863 he was appointed medical inspector of General Bragg's command at Cor- inth, Miss., and was assigned the presidency of the examining board of district of Texas with headquarters at San Antonio, where he remained until the close of the war. He then went to Lexington, Mo., and remained until 1878, when he came to Sedalia, where he has since practiced. His son, Edwin N. Small, a graduate of Bellevue Medical College, N. Y., is associated with him. John P. Walker, Lamonte, is a native of Granville Co., North Caro- lina, born February 11, 1840. He graduated at the St. Louis Medical College in 1873. Practiced in Johnson county for a time, and settled in Lamonte in 1879, where he now resides. Samuel Conway, Lamonte, is a native of St. Louis county, Missouri, born in 1843. Graduated at St. Louis Medical College in 1867, and the same year he settled in Pettis county, where he has since resided. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 339 Benjamin E. Van Burkleo, Beaman, was born in St. Charles county, Missouri, February 23, 1847. Attended the schools of his own county, and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. J. P. Mcllhany, and graduated from the St. Louis Medical College. He located at Beaman, this count}', in 1873, where he still practices his profession. He is a member of the Pettis County Medical Society. Hugh C. Spears, Longwood, Mo., is a native of Fayette county, Kentucky, born February 14, 1828. He is a graduate of Transylvania University, of Lexington, Ky., receiving his degree March 1, 1850. Prac- ticed medicine in Mercer county, Ky., Cass county, Mo., Lawrence county, Tenn., and came to Pettis county in 1868. Wellington V Walker, of Longwood, was born at Pleasant House, Owen county, Kentucky, December 9, 1854. He graduated at the med- ical university at Louisville, Ky., in February, 1880. Was elected by competitive examination one of the resident physicians and surgeons in Louisville City Hospital, where he served one year. He located in Sedalia, Pettis county, Mo., in April, 1881, and in a short time was elected medical examiner of Equity Lodge, No. 16, A. O. U. W., of Sedalia. Located in Longwood, Pettis county, in May, 1882. J. C. Culp, of Ionia City, is a native of West Virginia. In 1866 he moved to Missouri. Received his literary education at State Normal School, at Kirksville, and his medical education at Missouri Medical Col- lege, St. Louis, Mo., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, Iowa, and College of Physicans and Surgeons, Joplin, Mo. , He settled in Ionia, Pettis county, in March, 1882. T. P. McCluney, of Dresden, is a native of West Virginia, born in Brook Co., January 25, 1836. In 1843 he came with his parents to Mis- souri, settling in Johnson Co. Dr. McCluney received his medical educa- tion at St. Louis Medical College, graduating in 1860 .He then settled in Pettis county, where he still resides. During the war he was assistant surgeon in the U. S. army, and was stationed at Jefferson Barracks, Jefferson City, and St. Louis. He has held the office of secretary, vice- president and president of the Pettis County Medical Association. G. H. Scott, is a native of Scotland, born November 16, 1829. In 1831, his parents moved to America, and located in Newburyport, Mass. In 1843, they came to Bloomington, 111., where Dr. Scott was educated in the Wesleyan University, He read medicine with E. K. Crothers, of Bloomington, and attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, where he graduated in 1857. Began practicing the same year at Peoria, 111., but moved to Kewanee, that state, in 1859, and remained until 1867, when he went from there to Oswego, N. Y., and remained until 340 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY 1872. In 1874, he came to Sedalia, where he has since been engaged in practice. W. H. Flesher, Greenridge, Pettis county, . Mo., is a native of Vir- ginia; born in Jackson county, that state, in 1829; his literary education was obtained in the schools of his native county, and his medical at Louis- ville Medical College, where he graduated in 1850; in 1854 and 1855 he attended lectures at the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College, receiving the benefit of lectures from the celebrated Dr. John King; he practiced medicine for several years in Virginia and Ohio ; at the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the United States army as assistant surgeon of the 11th Virginia Volunteer Infantry. His connection with this, however, was brief, as he was detached for recruiting services and was rapidly promoted from the rank of first lieutenant to captain, and in a short time to major; he was with Gen. Avery's command at first and afterwards with Generals Custer and Sheridan. At the close of the war he went to Olney , Ills., where he practiced thirteen years ; in 1878 he came to Sedalia and located, and April 10, 1879, he moved to Greenridge, where he has built up an extensive practice. C. W. Leboa, Greenridge, Pettis county, Mo., was born at Brazil, Clay county, Indiana, in 1853; he was educated in the schools of that place and Tipton, Monticello county, Ind.; he studied medicine with his father, Dr. I. S. Leboa, a graduate of the old Cincinnati Medical College, and afterwards attended the Missouri Medical College, at St. Louis, in 1874, 1875 and 1876, graduating the last named year; he also attended a course of lectures at St. Louis in 1880; began practice at Cole Camp, Linn county, this State, in 1876, and moved to Greenridge in August, 1877. W. D. Snoddy, Lamonte, Pettis county, Mo., is a Virginian, born March 20, 1822, came to Missouri in 1839; he commenced the study of medicine in Franklin county, this state ; he took his first course of lectures at the Medical College of Tennessee, and his second at the Eclectic Medi- cal College of Cincinnati, and graduated in the spring of 1850; he then located in Georgetown, this county, and practiced his profession until 1856, when he moved to his present farm near Lamonte, where he has since resided, and kept up his practice. A. P. Snoddy, Lamonte, was born in Franklin county, Mo., March 24, 1847; he commenced the study of medicine in 1868, entering the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincinnati, from which place he graduated' in 1870; in August of that year he began the practice of his profession in Lamonte, where he has since resided. David F. Brown, Dresden, is a native of North Carolina, born in HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 341 Davidson county, October 22, 1845; he attended medical lectures at St. Louis, graduating in 1873, and commenced the practice of his profession at Dresden, where he is now engaged, having built up a large practice. John M. Elliott, Dresden, was born September 25, 1830, in Wash- ington county, Pennsylvania ; received his education at the schools of his native county, and from private teachers. He commenced the study of medicine before the war, but when that broke out he enlisted and served through over three years, when his health failing, he returned home and resumed his studies with Dr. D. W. Braden, of Waynesbwrg, Pa. ;he attended lectures at Cleveland Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio; in 1866 he began practicing his profession in Marshall county, West Virginia, continuing there for six years, when he returned to his native county and continued his practice until September, 1881, when he came to Missouri, purchased a farm adjoining Dresden, where he now resides. 342 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. CHAPTER XL— AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. Early Steps— Small Fields— Implements Used — Kinds. of Soils — Most Profitable Crops — First Crops — Prairie and Timber— Present Size of Farms and Value of Lands — Pres- ent Modes of Farming — First Agricultural Societies and Men Promoting them — The Benefits of Societies — Sedalia Exposition Association. "Give fools their gold, and knaves their power ; , Let fortune's bubbles rise and fall ; Who sows a field or trains a flower, Or plants a tree, is more than all." Agriculture, in its restricted meaning, is the cultivation of a field; from the Latin word ager, a field, and cultura, cultivation ; and implies the art. of cultivating the ground for the purpose of obtaining vegetable produc- tions. In the more general sense, as we shall use it in this article, it. includes the whole business of the farmer, comprehending, in addition to the raising of corn, wheat and other crops, the proper management of stock. Farming is the most independent of the avocations. The "lords of the soil," as farmers are often termed, hold in their hands the destiny of nations. All are common sufferers when farming interests suffer, and no country may expect to flourish when she neglects her agricultural inter- ests. When the farmer rises above the common daily drudgery, so long- practiced by the ignoi ant tillers of the soil, then there will be intelligent, thinking, paying labor on the farm, which will add much to the farmer's happiness, and grace the proudest and most independent avocation man can follow. Agriculture is the great interest of both the county and the state. It is- the foundation upon which all other enterprises are dependent. It is the fundamental element that produces the happiness, prosperity and wealth of a country. Upon its success rests the welfare of the nation. There- fore, its great importance to all, whether engaged in holding the plow,, the scales of justice, or any other avocation. Agronomy furnishes the support of all others, and when in a prosperous condition, shares its bless- ings with them all — the laborer has work, the printer better support, the professionals better patronage, the mechanics more employment, the- merchant sells more goods, the manufacturer a better market, railroads more freight, and commerce greater tonnage. In this manner the products of the soil are distributed liberally to otRers. It is from the rural haunts that the majority of our most able men and women come to the stage of action to perform an important part in the public affairs ot our nation. A Webster and a Clay were among farmers' sons. A Martha Washington and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were blessed HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 34:3 as farmers' daughters. These names, with half a million others, more or less worthy, coming from the agricultural districts, should stimulate the sons and daughters of farmers to stick to the farm and possess the land. The women of this country have done much to make farm-homes attractive, creating a taste for the culture of fruits, flowers and orna- mental grounds. The state took steps in the right direction when she opened the doors of her university, agricultural and horticultural schools to her sons and daughters alike. The state will be more than paid for this noble work in her future statesmen and citizens. Pettis county possesses many advantages for the development of her natural resources. The value of land has gradually advanced until now it is more than thirty-fold its original price. The abundance of water and good drainage enhanced the value of land along the streams in the estimation of the early settlers. If the New Englander, or the man of the older states, was aware of the productive properties of Pettis county lands; he undoubtedly would leave his narrow acres of sterile soil, diligent toil and close habits, and come to this county where he would find broader fields and more generous soil. One glance over these fertile prairies, and the enjoyment of wholesome air and good society, would convince the man most deeply wedded to the sterile, unproductive soil of the older states. These beautiful, rich, rolling prairies, nature's own pastures, dotted with springs and checked with perpetual rivulets, exposing soils half a fathom deep, can be made, by a small outlay, a perfect garden, producing a bountiful supply of all sorts of fruits, besides the immense yields of corn, wheat, and other cereals. In this thesis we give a comprehensive view of agronomy from its early steps to the present time. Once having lived on the farm the writer has found but little difficulty in presenting the early modes of farming and the implements used. In 1818, when the first settlers set foot on this soil, they found a vast wilderness of grasses on the prairies, and in the woodlands thick clusters of all sorts of vines and underbrush. Annually the mighty flames of fire would sweep over the prairies, leaving behind them a blackened plain; nor did the rushing fires stop with the fertile glades, but often caught from tree top to tree top, wrapping miles of timber in one vast conflagration. On account of these forest fires, the timber was kept closely confined to the creeks, lakes and places where the fire fiend had no sway. No record can tell when these prairies received the first fire, for hundreds of years no doubt have elapsed since. A class of human beings tilled the soil to some extent long before the white man came to the west. The implements of the early tillers of the soil are occasionally found in some parts of this, as well as in many parts 344 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. of the state, often imbedded in the soil over which trees of many centuries have grown. The only implements left are those of stone. These are supposed to have been fastened to a piece of wood and used as a sort of hoe. The wooden implements of a later day used among some tribes of the American Indians, were forked sticks, sharpened by stone axes. No animals were domesticated and utilized in cultivating the patches of the aborigines. The squaws were the operators, and acted the double part of team and driver. The agricultural habits of the Indians have been gradually superseded by those of his pale-faced brethren, so that now the most savage tribes are laying aside the tomahawk and bow for improved agricultural implements. When the early pioneers came to Pettis county, they settled along the small streams for the double purpose of building log cabins, making rails, improving a farm, which was most practical and congenial to their taste, since many of them had come from timbered states. With them it was impossible to break the turf of the prairie land with the plows of that age. Nothing more was contemplated the first few years, than fencing a few acres, raising some corn and spending the balance of the time in hunting. Indeed this was enough, for the land must be grubbed, planted and culti- vated, and the only implements in use were the bull-tongue and colter plows and the grubbing hoe. The plows were drawn by oxen, steady, slow, and sure. Each succeeding year more land was opened up, and so by the time a farmer owned twenty-five acres of cultivated land, he had more than he could manage. In those days but few employed help, except in making rails. Some of the best and most influential old citizens of to-day can rehearse the manner in which they made rails. However, railsplit- ting was an avocation in which large numbers of hardy young men of poor parentage often engaged, and were paid on the average one dollar and their board for a hundred rails. From this business some have grown up wealthy. In early days there was no need of fenced pastures, except to confine an animal for special use, and stock of all kinds ran loose on the prairies at all seasons of the year. During farming season the plow animals were looked up every morning and driven from the prairies of high grass, and the pioneer farmer often commenced his work, wet to the waist from the dewy grass. The first agricultural implements used here were the bull-tongue, colter, wooden mold-board and the single shovel plows. A rudely constructed wooden harrow and the top of a tree for a brush, were used to level and pulverize the ground. These implements, with the addition of the hoe, continued to be the pioneer's only reliance for farming utensils the first few years. A brief description of some of these implements will not be amiss. The bull-tongue plow, so named on account of its strength, hav- ing a steel share shaped somewhat like a bull's tongue, is the outgrowth HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 345 of the most ancient plows. The share of this plow is twelve to twenty inches in length, three to six in width, about an inch in thickness, and tap- ering to the apex, being well adapted to the service of tearing up huge roots and stirring the ground among stumps. This is bolted to an upright piece, mortised and braced in a beam. A strong iron clevis is fastened at the end of the beam by a pin, attaching a heavy chain, passing between the two oxen and fastened in the ring and staple of the ox-yoke. -The handles were made of tough wood, fastened to the beam and braced by cross-bars. The wooden mold-board plow is better imagined than described. The present turning plows are improvements on the old cary and wooden mold-board plows. The share of this plow was steel. The farmer of to-day can imagine the inconvenience of tilling the soil with this plow, stopping every few minutes to use a paddle to clear the dirt from the wooden mold-board. The old single shovel plow was constructed somewhat on the plan of the bull-tongue and colter plows, which was kept in use longer on account of its adaptability to stir the soil where the ground was cleared of roots and stumps, checking the ground for plant- ing, and wherever light plowing was demanded. The share of the shovel ranged from six to eight inches in breadth and was about the same in length with the addition of the point. This plow was usually drawn by a single horse or an ox. The work was slow, and many farmers, in order to prevent their teams from nipping too much of the growing grain, kept muzzles made of splints and bark on the plow- animals. The first crops were principally corn. Oats, wheat, hemp, flax and rye were raised. The tame grasses were not cultivated. The wild grass was considered good for all stock and hundreds of tons of prairie hay were annually mown by hand and stacked for the winter feed. At an early day spring and fall wheat were both tried. The smut and the accumulation of chintz bugs on spring wheat early convinced the farmers of this section that it was an unprofitable crop. Fall wheat, although not extensively raised, has generally done well. With the early farmers, corn was the staple product, and became the. staff of life for man and beast, and the failure of the corn crop brought almost a famine. On corn, the hardy settlers depended for Johnny cake, hominy, hasty pudding, and succotash. Corn was the principal feed for horses, swine, cattle, and sheep. In the early autumn, just as soon as the ears had sufficiently ripened, the farmer with his wife and family entered the corn field, and stripped the blades from the ear down, after which they were cured, bound into bundles, and stacked as provender for winter use. The tops of the stalks were cut above the ear, bound into bundles and shocked for the cattle. After the era of saving corn fodder in this way, it became a prevailing custom to cut the corn from the ground, and 34:6 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. put it into shocks sixteen hills square. For this work a corn-cutter was paid from seven to ten cents a shock. This custom prevails now in some localities. The soils of Pettis county are divided into three distinct classes, com- monly known as limestone soil, sandy soil, and mulatto clay. The prairie land differs from the wood land mostly in its productions. The greater portion of the prairie lands of the county have a rich, black alluvial, strong in sediment of lime, very friable, easily handled, and form a soil of eighteen to thirty inches in thickness. About five-sixths of the land of the county is prairie. The timber soils along the bluffs and hillsides are principally light and underlaid with fine deposits oflimestone, varying in color, depth and consistency, while the soils of the bottoms and valleys are composed of dark alluvial deposits of a very productive nature. The bottoms of the timber land are very valuable when once in cultivation. They are practically inexhaustible, and, like the black alluvial- of the upland prairies, yield large crops of corn, wheat, grasses, vegetables, and in fact produce anything that grows in this latitude. The more con ■ sistent oak, hickory and sassafras upland soils are generally of a reddish or grayish hue, rich in lime, magnesia, humus, and other fine productive elements, and are among the best tobacco and fruit soils of the state. The lighter and thinner jack oak soils, which cover but a minimum of the woodlands, are of little value except pasturage, yielding annually a fine undergrowth of tall succulent wild grasses, well suited for sheep and goats. The sub-soils of the prairies, as well as the better white oak and hickory soils, are very largely made of silicious clays and marls, deep and very rich, and wherever thrown up to the influence of the sun and air, readily disintegrate to the softness of ashes, and produce a good growth of vegetation; These lands are absolutely imperishable. With such valuable constitutents as silica, lime, magnesia carbonate, lime phos- phate, alumina, and other organic matter, a basis of agricultural wealth is formed for the deep and more thorough cultivators of the soil in the future, in comparison with which the farmer's artificial fertilizers are hardly worthy of mention. These surface and sub-soils give together the widest known range of production in American agronomy. The size of farms vary according to the wealth and ability to carry on the farm. It is the opinion of many of the best farmers of this age that about one-half of the agricultural lands are poorly cultivated, ,on account of many farmers having charge of more land than they are able to man- age. Pettis county has a few farms containing upwards of 600 acres, and very many 500 acres; however, the average farms are about 300 acres in area. Corn and grasses appear to be the most profitable growth of the farm. Major Wm. Gentry and Capt. Sam'l Shanks are among the large HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 347 348 HISTORY OF PETTJS COUNTY. successful pioneer farmers who have always taken a deep interest in the agricultural interests of their county. Modern farming is pleasant jn contrast with the drudgery of the pioneer farming of half a century ago. Many are the new inventions of farming machinery since then. The marker was a step ahead of laying off one furrow at a time. The double shovel has superseded the single shovel. Instead of the wooden mold-board we have polished turning plows. From the wooden harrow came the iron harrow, and now we have the revolv- ng steel harrows. The first prairie plow was a heavy, clumsy imple- ment, requiring four to six yoke of oxen to draw it ; now in its place the riding plow with three horses does the work. Corn is cultivated by riding plows. The wheat is harvested by a reaper run by steam, instead of the old sickle in hand. Wheat is threshed by steam. In addition to all this, steam and horse-power threshers, reapers, mowers, Corn-crushers, stalk-cutters, self-binders, seed-drills, gang-plows, sulky-rakes, patent harrows and cultivators, rollers, corn-droppers, clover-hullers, and riding plows are used extensively in this county. Prior to the war of 1861, but few farmers kept hired hands; since then honest, skilled farm hands are in demand and get good wages, varying from ten to twenty dollars and board per month; without board, fifteen to thirty dollars per month. It s found that the better they are educated in economy and cultivated in mind the better it is for the farmer. A rude, ignorant, profane, and wasteful hand on the farm is worse that no hand. The intelligent farmer who expects to keep his family in the path of moral rectitude will shun the society of the profane hand and keep him from his premises. Agricultural societies are organizations often chartered by the state for the dissemination of knowledge among the agricultural classes and the promotion and encouragement of better methods and appliances. A brief historical sketch of agricultural societies would hardly be out of place here,and doubtless will be read with pleasure and profit by many. It is generally believed that Elkana Watson, the author of a work en- titled, " The History of Agricultural Societies," is the originator and founder of these institutions in America, dating the commencement as far back as 1816, about a year after the ratification by the United States of the treaty of Ghent, which ended the war of 1812. The first agricultural society was the " Albany County Society," of New York, which dates back over a period of about sixty-seven years. The history of all fairs are about the same as far as object and general exhibition, but as the times change the manner of presentations change. One thing is noticeable in this age, and that is, the elements that contributed to successful fairs in former times fail to produce like results to-day. Good fairs are unmis- takable evidences" of prosperity ; however, some fine agricultural sections, have done quite well without any organization. When the farmers of any HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 349 county are thoroughly organized in their business, it is a standing adver- tisement of thrift and enterprise. The man must be a poor and spiritless person that can pass through the fair grounds, past the stalls filled with stock, which has taken generations of scientific selection to produce, with- out being animated with a desire to profit from what he sees. If a man cannot be an exhibitor, he can be a spectator and get ideas. One good idea will pay all expenses of coming to the fair, and but few ideas until you are largely in debt to the fair society for knowledge. The sociality and the mutual feeling of farmers and stock-raisers is of some worth to the citizens of the county. In 1857 an agricultural and mechanical association was organized. The fair association was an immense success, participated in by many of the county and surrounding counties. Col. Thos. F. Houston was president, and Hon. Jno. F. Phillips, secretary, and Maj. Wm. Gentry, marshal. John Born was fiddler, who it is said never missed a fair for seventy years. The old fair grounds were in Maj. Wm. Gentry's pasture. The following year (1858,) Col. Jno. F. Phillips, then a young attorney, made the agri- cultural speech. Among those who took a deep interest in county fairs,, we mention the names of John Sneed, Col. Joe. Higgins, Sam'l Brown, Sam'l and Hawk Scott, George Anderson, C. E. Bouldin, and many others of the county. The first annual exposition of the Sedalia Industrial and Art Exposition Association, was opened September 7, 1880, and continued five days. This association was permanently organized and incorporated under the laws of the state with a large paid up capital, and now has no debts. The object of this association is to make the exposition an exponent of the in- dustrial and agricultural interests of Missouri, and to promote the de- velopment of the fine and useful arts in Pettis and surrounding counties. The fair and exposition grounds consist of fifty acres of beautiful land, lying within the city limits of Sedalia. During the year 1880 the grounds were converted into a beautiful park, and leased to Sicher Brothers. The grounds have a one and one-half miles race in full view of the spectators' stand, where upwards of 5000 people can be seated. The grounds con- tain a floral and textile hall, machinery hall, stables, pens, well supplied with every needed convenience. A beautiful artificial lake supplies the grounds with water by pumps and wind-mills. Telephone wires extend from the fair grounds to all parts of the city, and six to ten miles in the rural districts to some of the leading stock raisers. Although the methods of conducting fairs have somewhat changed since the ante-bellum days, nevertheless, good'order and success have crowned the expositions of late years. Albert Parker was president and J. H. Bothwell secretary of the first 10 350 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Sedalia Exposition for 1880 and also for 1881. The second exposition (1881) was opened September 20, and continued five days with a large attendance and good success. At the second annual fair held in the county about 1858, the following persons competed for premiums on corn: Andrew Haggard exhibited 102 bushels raised on one acre; Maj. Wra, Gentry 116 bushels raised on one acre, and Geo. S. Priest 135 bushels and one peck raised on one acre. These figures of the magnificent production of corn by the early settlers are vouched for by some of the best men of the county who were present at the fair, one of whom took a part in the competition. First Fair. — The following is an order of court as presented by Col. Thomas F. Houston, one of the leading farmers of the county, and pres- ent representative in the state legislature, March 2, 1857: Thomas F. Houston presented of himself and fifty others, free holders of Pettis county, expressive of their desire to be incorporated for the pur- pose of promoting improvements in agriculture, manufactures, and the raising of stock. And the court being satisfied that the said petitioners are freeholders of the state. It is therefore ordered and declared that the said petitioners be incorporated as a body politic and corporate by the name and style of the " Pettis County Agricultural and Mechanical Asso- ciation," which is ordered to be certified. This was the beginning of agricultural societies. In 1872 the "Grange" was organized, and by 1875 the order was quite strong in the county. CHAPTER XII.— HORTICULTURE. Introduction — Adaptability of Different Kinds of Fruits to Pettis County— Maj. Gentry's Orchard — Names of Horticulturalists — The Nursery of Phil. Pfeiffer and J. C. Thompson — The Advancement of Gardening. " The blossoms and leaves in plenty From the apple tree fall each day ; The merry breezes approach them, And with them merrily play." Horticultura is a Latin word which means garden culture. Hortus, a garden, and cultura, culture. The subject virtually includes the cultiva- tion of everything that is hortensial. The early settlers paid but little attention to this subject of agronomy. The few old apple orchards in the county tell the tale. Many of the trees of the old orchards are seedlings; nevertheless, some produce rich, juicy apples, equally as palatable as grafted fruit. The deer and other wild animals destroyed many of the young orchards of the pioneers. The State Horticultural Society was organized in January, 1859, and has kept up its annual meetings in spite of all difficulties. Each con- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 351 gressional district of the state is classed as a separate horticultural dis- trict, and is represented in the society by a vice-president, who is expected to keep himself posted on the interests of this industry in his district, and make a report at the annual meeting. * Pettis county is one of the best fruit growing counties of Central Missouri. Every variety of fruit does well here that grows in this latitude. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes and berries do well in all parts of the county. Fruit growing took an impetus in 1865, and since that date hun- dreds of orchards and vineyards have been planted over the county. The conditions of the soil, altitude and climate make this one of the best fields for the culture of fruits in Missouri. At present there are too many half cultivated orchards in the county. Some years in the past thousands of half cultivated fruit trees have been seen in autumns bent to the ground or broken with the burden of as fine fruit as ever grew between the Atlantic and Snowy Range. Many hundreds of bushels of luscious peaches have been fed to swine for want of a market. Pear, cherry, and plum trees yield generously of as delicious fruitage as that of any country. Here along the streams are acres of the loess hills, whose soil is almost identical with the slopes of the Rhine and other European streams, the texture, flavor and color of whose fruits are world famous. Almost every little farm of the county has a few orchard trees; many of these orchards bear sufficient fruit for home use of the families. From an orchard of eight acres Maj. Wm. Gentry sold one year $1,030 worth of apples to one man, besides using considerable for other purposes and furnishing his neighbors all they wanted. Mr. J. W. Dickerson, John S. Woods, Dr. G. W. Rothwell are cultivating good orchards. W. K. Tay- lor, florist, is cultivating a green house at Georgetown. Fine, thrifty, fruitful apple, peach, pear, cherry and plum orchards, and equally fruitful vineyards, greet the visitor in all parts of the county. The smaller fruits of the garden respond to ordinary culture with the most generous crops, and the local markets are well stocked with the choicest fruits of every class, in their season, at reasonable prices. The vineyard of Phil. Pfeiffer, of Sedalia, planted by Prof. Geo. Hussman, recently of the State University, but now of the state of California, is, for the variety and superior quality of its fruits, one of the most complete and valuable in the State. No region in the West produces finer grapes than this; the texture, flavor and size of this fruit rivaling the finest grown in the islands of Lake Erie. In April, 1870, the enterprising citizens of Sedalia and Pettis county signed a call for a meeting, at Smith's Hall, to consider the feasibility and propriety of organizing an agricultural and mechanical association. The meeting was well attended by many of the farmers and stock 'raisers, as well as many of the citizens of- Sedalia, and after several speeches by 352 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. the leading men a subscription of $10,000 to $15,000 stock was taken on the spot, and the next month the following officers were elected, viz: W. P. Paff, of Sedalia; C. W. C Walker, of Mt. Sterling; H. J. McCormack, of "Flat Creek; Col. Frank W. Hickox, of Elk Fork; John C. Shy, of Washington; Col. Thos. F. Houston, of Blackwater; Maj. Wm. Gentry, of Mt. Sterling No. 2; George Anderson and J. B. McClure of the county at large. The association was organized by electing Col. Thos. F. Hous- ton, president; Col. F. W. Hickox, vice-president; Col. T. A. Switzler, secretary, and Cyrus Newkirk, Esq., treasurer. Fifty acres of choice land was purchased by the association in the western part of Sedalia and an amphitheater erected the first year capable of seating 10,000 people, one-eighth of a mile in circumference ; also, a splendid floral and fine art hall 50x160 feet, besides many other improvements. The association paid upwards of $7,000 the first year, $8,000 the second, and $12,000 the third year. Maj. Wm. Gentry was elected president of the association in 1872. Prof. George Hussman started the "Sedalia Nursery" in 1872, and stocked it with very choice varieties of all the fruits and shrubbery that were suited to this climate. In 1878, Philip Pfeiffer took charge of this excellent nursery, and in connection with J. C. Thompson, proprietor, has made it one of the best nurseries in central Missouri, shipping stock to all parts of the United States and' territories. In the- spring of 1882, Mr. Pfeiffer sold 267 orders by the first of April. The office and packing rooms of this nursery are on 12th and Moniteau streets, and the nursey grounds are about four miles east of Sedalia. This nursery contains the following stocks: Apples. — Red Astracan, Red June, Early Harvest, Early Straw- berry, Summer Queen, Sweet June, Totosky, Maiden Blush, Duchess of Oldenburg, Rambo, Haas or Fall Queen, Fameuse or Snow Apple, American Golden Russet, Barley Sweet, Baldwin, Ben Davis (New York Pippin), Fallowater, (Pulpehoken), Fulton, Grime's Golden, Jona- than, Huntsman's Favorite, Newton Pippin, Northern Spy, Penankee, Janeton, Red Bietgheimer, Rome Beauty, Willow Twig, Winesap, Yel- low Belleflower, Limbertwig, Lansingburg, Lawyer, Wallbridge, and Wealthy. Crab Apples. — Hawes' Virginia, Hyslop, large Red Siberian Crab, Transcendent, Yellow Siberian, and other choice varieties. Pears, dwarfs and standards kept in this nursery. The cultivation of this fine fruit is rapidly extending, as its value is more appreciated. The range of varieties is such that, like apples, they can be had in good edible condition from August until spring. The- melting, juicy texture, the re- fined flavor and the delicate aroma of the pear, give it rank above all other fruits except the grape. But the pear, like most things highly de- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 353 sirable and valuable, cannot be bad without attention, labor and skill. The relative prices of the apple and pear being about as one to ten, show at the same time the superiority of the latter, and the greater skill to required to bring it to perfection. This excellent fruit does well in many portion of Pettis county, both summer and winter pears. The nursery also contains a full assortment of all varieties suited to this climate, of cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, apricots, quinces, currants, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and Russian mulberries. The Russian mulberry is a new fruit in this country, very ornamental and re- i i i markable for its hardihood. It stands the cold thirty degrees below zero, and produces fruit like the blackberry. It is very early and grows fast, making a fine shade and timber tree. The leaves can be fed to the silk worm, and it stands shearing to form a beautiful hedge. The ornamental department of this nursery, contains every, variety of decidious trees that flourish in Pettis county and Central Missouri. The many beautiful groves of the handsome farms of the county contain maple, ash and linden in abundance. " If thou lookest on the lime-leaf, Thou a hearts' form will discover; Therefore are the lindens ever Chosen seats of each fond lover. " Heine. The bulbs and bulbous plants kept here are a very rare collection. The green house is kept stocked with very choice plants and flowers. He who has a soul for flowers has one of the higest integral parts of the Deity. Rev. H. W. Beecher, in his discussion on flowers, has said: "Flowers have an expression of countenance as much as men and ani- mals. Some seem to smile; some have a sad expression; some are pensive and diffident; others again are plain, honest and upright, like the broad-faced sunflower and hollyhock." Those who cultivate flowers beautify home, and therehy elevate and refine their social position for a higher, nobler and purer life. Bishop Cox has well said: "Flowers are words Which even a babe may understand." Phil. Pfeiffer has on hand a fine collection of verbenas, geraniums, dahlias, heliotropes, lantanas, gladiolus, tuberoses, and every sort of plant found in a green bouse. A small nursery is conducted at Lamonte, by Mr. George Shepherd. This nursery has kept a general stock of fruit trees and has had a fair patronage. For many years a small nursery was cultivated at Smithton. Richard Rowe purchased the fruit trees cultivated by E. R. Young, south of Sedalia. 354 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Edward Brown, east of the city of Sedalia, cultivates an excellent fruit garden. He is a practical horticulturist, furnishing the city with consid- erable of its finest marketable fruits. Many other gardeners have engaged in horticulture on a limited scale, and their business will be noticed under the special head of their township. Of late years special attention has been given to the cultivation of ele- gant vineyards, in many parts of the county, which have proved to be a source of considerable worth to the horticulturist, paying him back many times the worth of his outlay. In the early settlement of the county, but few of the pioneers thought about cultivating vineyards, shrubbery and small fruit. The tomato, strawberry, and other small fruits, had not received any attention worthy of notice, prior to 1860. The old settlers cultivated a vegetable garden, consisting of turnips, cabbages, potatoes, onions, melons and pumpkins. Beans and peas received some attention, but few cultivated them for the market. As schools sprung up over the county, and the people became better qualified to appreciate a higher state of horticulture, men began to pay, attention to ornamental trees, fruits of all kinds, and house plants, so that at the present day there are but few homes in city, village or country, but what have paid some attention to beautifying and rendering home pleas- ant and attractive by sweetening the surroundings with the brightest and rarest plants and flowers that can be commanded. Children, in their purest and holiest lives, adore plants and flowers. What gathering flow- ers in a wood is to children, men and women should never fail to culti- vate the taste so imparted by nature. "I never cast a flower away, The gift of one who cared for me, A little flower — a faded flower, But it was done reluctantly." — Mrs. SoutJiby. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 355 CHAPTER XIIL— PETTIS COUNTY LIVE STOCK. Early History of Stock Raising in Pettis County— Pioneer Emigrants and Aboriginal Inhabitants — The Peculiar Habits, Methods, and Personal Characteristics of the Span- ish and French Half-breed Herders of "Ye Olden Time"— The Origin and History of the Missouri " Scrub " — Some of the Men Engaged in Stock-raising and Elaborate Descriptions of Their Farm and Stock — The Natural Advantages Afforded by Pettis County for the Propagation, Development and Growth of Animal Life. Emigrants to Central and Western Missouri, as early as 1818, found the country inhabited chiefly by Indians and half-breed Spanish and French. The latter had cattle of Spanish breed, tall, lithe, sinewy, with horns of immense size and length. They were as swift of foot as the native deer and antelope, but their flesh had the flavor of wild game — was tough, of a dark color, and as an article of food, by no means desirable ; their value consisting chiefly in their hides, horns and tallow. These half-breeds and Indians had also many horses, — queer looking, unshapen animals, vicious, ill-natured, clothed with long, wooly hair, low in stature, strong of limb, and capable -of great endurance. The Indians were in part permanent inhabitants of the country, and had plantations and villages, but the half-breeds had no fixed habitations, and moved from place to place, selecting camping grounds where the conditions were the most favorable for the care of their stock and easy subsistance. From May to October they roamed the country watered by the Osage and Missouri rivers, but with the first frost they began moving slowly south- ward, arriving at the beginning of winter in that delightful region now known as the Indian Territory and southeastern Kansas. There grass and water were abundant, and thither deer,' buffalo, and other game flocked from the bleak barren plains of the northwest, rendering that region a veritable paradise, and capable of sustaining a dense population in ease and comfort. There they remained during the winter, enjoying, as only barbarians can, the simple luxuries of that semi-tropical clime, but with the advent of spring they followed the birds, buffalo, and deer north and eastward, reaching their summer camping grounds while, the grass w r as young and tender and the air was laden with the perfume of flowers. This peculiar people instinctively retained the customs of civilization, and the refinement of the land of their fathers, and in a magnified form, the treachery and ferocity of their Indian kinsman. Speaking numerous Indian dialects, and the languages of Spain and France, possessing the intelligence, courage and audacity of their European ancestors, they became valued counselors and leaders of their Indian allies, fiercely opposed the advancing tide of civilization, and. in many desperate and bloody encounters with the brave and hardy pioneers, they became com- 356 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. raanders of the Indian forces and led them to battle with intelligence and heroism rarely equalled in the world's history. It is a matter of history that the pastoral people of this country, the American pioneers inhabiting the wild regions of the far west, have ever been unfriendly to emigration, because, in proportion as the country be- comes settled, the grazing area is diminished, and as it is merely human to be selfish, it is scarcely in order for those not similarly interested to criticise their motives or methods. The early emigrants brought with them many horses and cattle of good breeds, but those in time became mixed with the native, producing the much despised and caricatured " western scrub." The beautiful rolling prairies, with a large number of differtent varieies of grasses, watered by numerous streams, bordered by as fine timber as ever grew under the sun, the altitude, pure air, dry soil, and mild climate of central Missouri, pre- sented an array of advantages for stock-raising vastly superior to those of the older and colder states, and in this profitable husbandry the early settlers engaged most exclusively. They raised immense herds of cattle, nearly all " scrubs," and the quality remained nearly the same up to 1830, when stock men began to improve their herds by importations of thor- oughbred bulls and stallions. During the thirty years followiug, the im- provement was gradual and permanent, and the quality of the vast herds of central and western Missouri had reached a degree of excellence truly marvelous. During the war Missouri was almost entirely stripped of stock by the two opposing armies, and the few that remained were par- ticularly worthless, and soon disappeared. When peace was restored the farmers imported high-grade stock from the eastern states, Canada, and Europe, and the importations have continued upon a large scale, until the stock interests of Missouri have assumed vast proportions, and will con> pare very favorably, both as to quality and numbers, with manv of the old stock-producing regions of the eastern and middle states. The warm and fertile soil of Pettis county, which yields such bountiful returns to the intelligent and industrious tiller, is not less generous to the experienced and prudent stockman. Probably, no county in the state offers superior advantages in soil, climate, and the various conditions essential to successful stock raising, and that these conditions have been appreciated and utilized by nearly every farmer in the county, is evinced by the facts gleaned from the last report of the county assessor, giving the total number and value of live stock in Pettis county, as follows: Horses, 8,871, valued at $ 325,505. Mules 2,658, valued at 130,570. Asses and jennets, 55, valued at 3,670. Cattle, 29,040, valued at 466,805. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 357 Sheep, 36,675, valued at 57,457. Hogs, 27,293, valued at 64,395. Dogs, 2,637, valued at 2,637. Total number, 107,229. $1 ,048,139. This is indeed a splendid exhibit — more in numbers and value than reported for either of the states of Delaware, West Virginia or Oregon, and yet, when the superior quality and condition of the stock produced here, is taken fairly into consideration, the value and importance of stock husbandry in Pettis county becomes something marvelous. Visitors from the famous stock producing districts of the eastern states and Canada, are totally unprepared for the revelation which the high character of the industry in Pettis county affords, and the first inquiry, invariably, is, what has become of the scrub stock of which at home we have heard so much that we have learned to regard it as indigenous to the soil, and a natural product of the peculiar climate, a degeneration from the higher grades, by reason of unskillful management in breeding, insuffi- cient and improper food and over work when young. Of course, then follows a detailed history of the origin of the "scrub," ending with the information that he was annihilated by the war, and has become a thing of history. They marvel at the high standard to which stock breeding has been carried in Pettis county, but when told that many of our stock- men were trained in the best methods of stock raising in New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, from whence they emigrated to Missouri, the mystery is satisfactorily explained. Here may be found extensive herds of Short Horn, Alderney and other high bred cattle of the finest types; Berkshire and Poland China swine of the best English and American species; Merino, Cotswold and Downs sheep of the purest blood and highest breeding and fleece producing qualities; Hambletonian, Membrino, Norman, Denmark, Drennon, Lex- ington, Morgan, and other fine breeds of horses. And so on through all the departments of stock raising — only the best animals of the finest species are kept or bred from. Many car loads of steers from two to three years old, weighing 1,200 to 1,800 pounds, have been shipped from Pettis county to Europe, during the past few years, and many car loads of swine, weighing from 300 to -500 pounds, are shipped to market every winter. The annual shipments to market, of live stock from Sedalia, Lamonte, Dresden, Greenridge, Smithton, Houstonia, and other points in Pettis •county of minor importance, consisting of fat cattle, sheep, swine, horses and mules, aggregate 1,600 car loads, valued at $1,630,000, and a careful estimate from a reliable source fixes the net profits to the producers at from thirty to seventy per cent, on the money invested. This is certainly 358 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. a most favorable showing, and ought to be conclusive evidence that nothing pays better than stock raising. In this latitude the mildness of the climate affords a long season for grazing, the entire year, with the exception of about ninety days of mod- erately cold weather, which, together with the cheapness of lands and feed, and the excellent transportation facilities, constitute advantages vastly superior to states in a colder clime, where feed is scarce and expensive, and more shelter and labor required to carry stock through the long, bleak winters. In Pettis county nearly every farmer raises stock, for market, and many of the wealthier, who do not make stock raising a specialty, buy from adjoining counties and fatten for market, turning off from eight to fifteen car loads every spring, and many of more limited means ship from two to five car loads, which contribute largely to increase the aggregate exports of fine stock to vast proportions. Added to the warm, fertile soil and mild climate, is the inestimable advantage of a dry atmosphere, which contributes in no small degree to render sheep husbandry one of the most profitable industries of this region. The surface of the country is high, dry, and gently undulating,, affording excellent natural drainage, and there is scarcely a quarter section of land in the county on which a lake cannot be formed from the rainfall by the construction of a simple and inexpensive dam of earth, thus- affording an abundant supply of pure and wholesome water. In Sedalia and vicinity water can be obtained in inexhaustible quantity,, of the purest and most excellent quality, at an average depth of thirty feet. In the northern, northwestern and eastern portions of the county the well drillers seldom need to go more than eighty feet to obtain an abundant supply, although in the southwestern portion there are several wells in the neighborhood of one hundred and five feet deep, and splendid flowing wells obtained by means of wind mill pumps. It will be observed that while Pettis county has but few natural flowing springs or running streams, nature has in other ways afforded facilities for securing an abundant supply of pure water, which added to the splendid grasses produced spontaneously upon the open prairies, and everywhere untouched by the plow of the tiller, shows this to be a most admirable region for stock raising in all departments, as well as for dairy and for general agricultural purposes. Blue grass is indigenous to the soil of Pettis county. Everywhere it flourishes in rank profusion — on the prairies, in the fields and in the wood lands, conquering everything, crowding out the coarse weeds and less succulent herbage and furnishing to the farmer and stockman a free and exhaustless source of wealth. Clover also springs from the soil spontaneously — a companion of the blue grass — and flourishes everywhere. While orchard grass, timothy,. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 359 and other meadow grasses, with but little preparation of the soil or culti- vation, take root easily and quickly and grow with great rapidity and luxuriance, yielding a bountiful harvest of hay, equal in every respect to the best produced in any region on this continent. Major Wm. Gentry is probably rhe most extensive stock raiser in Pettis county, and during the many years he has devoted exclusively to this branch of husbandry upon a large scale, he has achieved wonderful suc- cess. At present his landed estate comprises six thousand acres of choice land, well watered and timbered and in a remarkably high state of culti- vation. His home farm " Oakdale," containing twenty-two hundred acres, is located two miles northwest of Sedalia, and in full view of the city. It is a magnificent prairie and timber tract, well watered by numerous flowing springs, by Brushy Creek and by several fine artificial lakes. The residence is handsome and commodious, and the approaches arranged in excellent taste and with a view to convenience and economy of space. The lawns and shrubbery surrounding the residence are arranged, well cultivated, and kept in excellent order, and the entire place presents the appearance of refinement, comfort and affluence, suggesting to the visitor the application of that beautiful and pathetic song, "Home, Sweet Home." Only about four hundred acres of this magnificent farm are devoted to the cultivation of grain, the balance being seeded down to blue grass pasture, and to clover and timothy meadow. Major Gentry's herd of breeding cattle consists of between thirty and forty thoroughbred Short- horns of the most popular families, and two fine bulls of about 2,300 fbs. weight. He has also fifteen fine brood mares and a thoroughbred Nor- man stallion of excellent form and qualities, ninety horse and mule colts, sixty work horses, six hundred pure bred Merino, Cotswold and Downs sheep, and one hundred high grade cattle. His annual sales of live stock average thirty horses and mules, three hundred to four hundred steers, six hundred swine, and six hundred sheep. He also has on his farm " Locust Grove," " Denmark Chief " and "Denmark Jr.," the very highest grade of that class of saddle horses. They are both premium- stallions, having taken premiums at St. Louis, Cincinnati and at various other large fairs in 1874. Denmark Jr. is a young stallion of great promise, and is one of the fastest racking horses in the state. Another splendid farm owned by Major Gentry and sons is "Locust Grove," consisting of 1,400 acres and situated eight miles northwest of Sedalia. It has many pleasant surroundings, is in a fine state of culti- vation, and is regarded as one of the most valuable tracts in that vicinity. J. B. Gentry, son of Major Gentry, occupies the farm, and keeps there two hundred steers, one hundred and fifty stock cattle and three hundred swine. 360 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Major Gentry is a native of Missouri, has resided, in Pettis county fifty- eight years, is an intelligent, progressive business man, and intimately associated with many important public enterprises . Nine miles east of Sedalia is the valuable farm of V. T. Chilton, con- sisting of six hundred and fifty acres, supplied with an abundance of water, and improved in a very complete and substantial manner. ' One hundred and sixty acres are reserved for plow land, and the balance is seeded down to timothy and clover meadow, and blue grass pasture. Judge Chilton keeps six hundred to seven hundred Merino, Cotswold and Downs sheep, twenty-five to thirty high grade breeding cows, and ships annually sixty to one hundred fat steers, and one hundred and seventy-five to two hun- dred swine. Three miles northeast of Sedalia lies " Greenwood," the home farm of William M. Gentry, consisting of nearly seventeen hundred acres of beau- tiful prairie land, well watered and improved. An elegant residence and numerous farm buildings of a very substantial character, fine orchard, shade trees, beautiful lawns and pastures, and other valuable and pleasant surroundings, contribute to render this one of the most desirable farms in that locality. Mr. Gentry is an extensive planter and stock-raiser; plants annually about three hundred acres in corn, from which he gets an aver- age of sixty bushels per acre. He has one hundred and forty acres in timothy and clover meadow, twelve hundred acres in blue grass pasture, and keeps constantly about three hundred stock and beef cattle, fifty thoroughbred Short-horns, -and two fine bulls; one thosand high-bred Merino and Downs sheep, from which he gets annually several thousand pounds of wool. Besides a number of choice brood mares, from which he raises superb carriage and saddle horses, he fattens yearly from one hundred to two hundred steers, about two hundred swine, and three hun- dred sheep for market. On Cedar Creek, two miles northeast of Sedalia, and in full view of the city, is " Cedar Vale," a magnificent farm of sixteen hundred acres, situated mostly on a prairie of deep rich soil and gently undulating sur- face. Cedar Creek and numerous flowing springs and artificial lakes furnish an abundance of water, and renders this one of the best stock farms in the county. An elegant residence which cost $11,000, is sur- rounded by fine shade trees, and well-kept lawns, and at convenient dis- tance in rear are numerous substantial farm buildings, surrounded by fine blue grass pastures. This was the home R. J. Gentry, recently deceased, who was one of the most enterprising and successful stock raisers in Pet- tis county. Four hundred acres of this farm are devoted to the cultiva- tion of grain, and twelve hundred acres to timothy and clover meadow and blue grasss pasture. On this magnificent tract Mr. Gentry kept a herd of one hundred thoroughbred Short-horns, and two hundred stock HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 361 cattle, and fattened annually sixty to one hundred steers, and two hun- dred high bred Berkshire swine. He also keeps five hundred Merino and Downs sheep, a number of fine brood mares and horses, and sold annually from twenty-five to fifty mules. Directly east of Sedalia two miles, is " Sunnyside," a valuable farm owned by John M. Sneed, comprising seven hundred acres of prairie land of rich, warm soil, in a high state of cultivation. It is furnished with a substantial residence, and farm buildings, is well watered, and is.divided into fields of convenient size for cultivation and stock-raising. One hun- dred and fifty acres are devoted to grain culture, and the balance, five hundred and fifty acres, to blue grass pasture and to timothy and clover meadow. Mr. Sneed grazes one hundred and fifty to two hundred stock cattle, two hundred Southdown sheep; keeps fine thoroughbred horses, and sells annually three to five car loads of fat steers, and two to five car loads of swine. In the vicinity of " Sunnyside " is the farm of M. O. Green, consisting of sixteen hundred acres, surrounded by a splendid hedge of Osage Orange. A Creek and numerous springs and ponds furnish an inexhaus- tible supply of pure water. The residence and other improvements are good and substantial; the soil is moist and fertile, and for all purposes the* farm is regarded as among the best in that part of the county. Six hun- dred acres are devoted to the cultivation of grain; two hundred acres to blue grass pasture, and eight hundred acres to meadow. Mr. Green keeps three hundred to four hundred steers, four hundred to five hun- dred swine, forty to eighty mules, and sixty to eighty cows for breeding purposes. # Twelve miles northeast of Sedalia, in an exceedingly fertile and attrac- tive district, lies the splendid farm of H. S. Scott, one of the most thor- ough and enterprising stockmen in Pettis county. The tract comprises four hundred acres of excellent land, well watered and improved, and possessing superior natural advantages for successful stock raising. Mr. Scott has a fine herd of twenty thoroughbred Dutchess and Maries cattle,, two hundred Cotswold sheep and one hundred Poland China swine,, besides several fine brood mares and horses. The farm of J. W. Cole, five miles southwest of Sedalia, is very favor- ably situated for all purposes, and is in an excellent state of cultivation. The soil is deep, warm and of marvelous -fertility, yielding bountiful returns for the labor of cultivation, and springs and ponds furnish an abundant supply of pure and wholesome water. The farm of eight hun- dred and eighty acres is surrounded and divided into convenient fields by a thrifty hedge of Osage orange, and the buildings and other improve- ments are substantial and well kept. Mr. Cole makes a specialty of thor- oughbred stock and has a fine herd of forty high bred Short-horns, led 362 HISTORY OP' PETTIS COUNTY. by a bull of excellent form and qualities. He keeps also eighty to one hundred breeding cows of especial merit, one hundred to one hundred and fifty pure bred Cotswold sheep, and fifty to one hundred high grade swine. In the extreme northwestern portion of Pettis county, twenty miles from Sedalia, is "Avandale," the magnificent home farm of Thomas B. Price. It consists of eight hundred acres of wonderful fertility, situated in the midst of an exceedingly prosperous agricultural district, and surrounded by well cultivated farms. It is adorned by a residence, which in archi- tectural design and completeness and elegance of finish, is far superior to any farm residence in the county. The farm buildings are also of excel- lent design, very substantial and complete, and the surroundings of wood-, land and lawn, of fields and pastures, of meadows and highways are equally convenient, pleasant and attractive. The farm is divided into fields of forty and eighty acres each, by eight miles of well cultivated hedge fence; numerous flowing springs, creeks and artificial lakes furnish an exhaustless supply of pure water the entire year, and belts of timber here and there afford grateful shelter to stock from the scorching sun of midsummer. One hundred and eighty acres are reserved for plow land, • and six hundred and twenty acres are laid in meadow and blue glass pas- ture. Mr. Price keeps continually thirty to forty Short-horn cattle of the most popular families for breeding purposes; fattens one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty steers, and two hundred and fifty to three hundred swine annually, and keeps on hand three hundred young mules, fourteen thoroughbred brood mares and a fine stallion, and raises superb carriage and saddle horses. Fulton H. Bradford's fine farm "Glenwood," joins "Avondale," and is a marvel of neatness and thrift. It comprises about five hundred acres, divided into fields of convenient size, and is well fenced and cultivated. Two hundred acres are devoted to the cultivation of grain, and the remainder to meadow and blue grass pasture. Water, pure and abund- ant, is furnished by streams, springs and ponds, and the place possesses many other natural advantages which render it valuable in the highest degree for stock raising. The residence, which is a model of architec- tural beauty, and the barn and other farm buildings are neat, substantial, and convenient. Mr. Bradford keeps his farm well stocked with good breeds of cattle, sheep and swine. Joining "Avondale," on the west, is "Prairie Home," the model farm of Capt. Samuel Shanks, consisting of six hundred and twenty acres, which, like the others last mentioned, possesses many natural advan- tages for stock raising. There are two hundred and eighty acres in plow land, one hundred of the remainder in meadow and blue grass pasture, all well, fenced and conveniently divided into fields, and a fine two- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 363 story brick residence and outbuildings, (a view of which appears else- where in this volume), and general surroundings in perfect keeping. Capt. Shanks has a herd of twenty five high-bred Short-horn cattle, a number of high-bred Denmark brood mares, one of which is Denmark Maid, a noted mare — she having taken fifty-seven premiums, always talcing the premium at every fair where she was exhibited, and feeds two hundred steers„six hundred swine and from three to five hundred mutton sheep. Two miles southwest of Capt. Shank's farm is the beautiful farm of John G. Senior, comprising 420 acres of the finest land in the county. On this farm he annually feeds a choice lot of stock cattle and hogs. " Pleasant Grove," a beautiful farm of fourteen hundred acres and a fine residence, (a view of which appears in this volume) is owned by J. C. Higgins, and is situated four miles west of Houstonia. Six hundred and fifty acres are planted 'in grain, and seven hundred and fifty acres seeded down to clover and timothy meadow, and blue grass pasture. The . place is kept in excellent order, is well arranged for convenience and economy in the care of stock, and even to the casual observer has the appearance of thrift and good management. Mr. Higgins is a thorough stock man, and personally superintends his business in all its details. He fattens for market annually one hundred and fifty to two hundred steers, and three hundred to four hundred swine; keeps two hundred Cotswold and Downs sheep, raises Denmark and Ned Forrest horses, and buys and sells one thousand mules a year. Mrs. Wm. C. Gibson, wife of the late Judge Gibson of the Pettis County Court, owns " Gibson's Glen," a superb prairie farm of twenty- three hundred acres, thoroughly cultivated and well watered. The resi- dence is a handsome building, surrounded by beautiful lawns, shade and ornamental trees and shrubbery, and is a model of neatness and elegance. The farm is divided into fields by good fences, eleven hundred acres being reserved for cultivation, and twelve hundred acres in pasture and meadow. On this farm Judge Gibson kept continually six hundred to eight hundred steers, one thousand swine, and four hundred mutton sheep, which were fattened and shipped to market, yielding large annual profits. S. T. Lupe's valuable farm, "Fairview," two and one-half miles east of Lamonte, in the western portion of the county, consists of seven hundred and fifty acres, enclosed and divided into forty and seventy acre lots by a splendid hedge fence. A handsome residence, surrounded by beautiful lawns and shade trees, a view of which appears elsewhere in this volume, large and convenient barns for stock and the storage of grain, and an abundance of pure water render this farm especially desirable. Miscel- laneous farm products are cultivated upon one hundred and sixty acres, 364 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. and a timothy meadow of eighty acres yields abundant harvests of hay of the best quality, while a well watered pasture laid in blue grass comprises the remainder of the farm. Mr. Lupe keeps fifty fine breeding cows, a large number of pure Berkshire swine, five hundred Merino, Cotswold and Shropshire Downs sheep, and fattens for market annually, fifty steers and one hundred swine. A splendid farm of sixteen hundred acres, two and one-half miles south of Sedalia, is owned by Curd Petty. It is divided into pasture, meadow and plow land in proper proportions for stock raising upon a large scale, and is under good fence and otherwise well improved. Mr. Petty grazes and fattens for market annually two hundred to three hundred steers, keeps from ten to twenty excellent breeding cows, two hundred to three hun- dred head of mutton sheep, a large number of swine, several fine brood mares, and gives considerable attention to the raising of horses and mules. Daniel Wadleigh has a well cultivated farm two and one-half miles south- west of Greenridge, in the extreme southwestern portion of the county.. He makes a specialty of raising thoroughbred Morgan horses, and has on hand continually from twelve to twenty of all ages. His other stock, con- sisting of stock cattle, breeding cows, sheep and swine, are all well bred and represent many thousand' dollars in value. Adjoining Dan'l Wadleigh's on the south is the fine stock farm of Berne and Nathan Reed. Situated on a gently rolling prairie of fertile soil, well cultivated and improved, it possesses many of the conditions essential to successful stock raising. The owners are young enterprising stock men, graze and fatten for market several car loads of cattle annually, besides a large number of swine. They also keep mules and horses of good quality, and are doing a profitable business in miscellaneous farming. Squire James Brown has a large and beautiful farm, in a high state of cultivation, and well watered by creeks and living wells— substantial resi- dence and farm buildings, excellent hedge and rail fences, fine orchard, meadow and pastures. He keeps a number of high grade breeding cows and a large number of cattle of mixed breeds, feeds two to three hundred head of stock of all kinds, and is a very successful stock man. Washington Stark has a beautiful prairie farm two and one-half miles south of Reeds' and one mile south of Browns'. It is divided into fields of convenient size, well fenced and improved, and presents a very tidy and thrifty appearance. Mr. Stark has a number of breeding cows of Short-horn and Alderney, half and quarter breed, led by a fine Short- horn thoroughbred bull. Keeps a large number of horses and mules of good quality, and sells annually several thousand dollars worth of surplus stock and grain. Professor J. H. Knapp has a handsome prairie farm of six hundred and '-fr^l-1/T^ HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 365 forty acres, two and one-half miles west ot Greenriclge. The soil is very productive, yielding bountiful crops of grain and hay, is well improved and kept in excellent condition. Prof. Knapp grazes from one hundred to two hundred head of stock, and is doing a profitable business in stock raising. Chas. Wadleigh owns a small, but well improved farm three miles south of Qreenridge. He makes a specialty of thoroughbred Morgan horses, of which he has two fine stallions, several brood mares and colts; keeps a number of high grade breeding cows and a herd of stock cattle, followed by over one hundred swine. Geo. E. Hollenbeck has a new, but well arranged farm, one mile north of Greenridge, and makes a specialty of miscellaneous stock raising, and buys, fattens and sells large numbers of cattle. John Kendrick, four miles north of Greenridge, has a large and well arranged farm, adorned by a costly and commodious residence, and ample barns and other farm buildings in good repair. The place is fenced by a well kept hedge of Osage orange, and is supplied with water by ponds, and wells. Mr. Kendrick keeps from ten to thirty breeding cows of good quality, one hundred to two hundred cattle of mixed breeds, a large flock of well bred sheep, one hundred to two hundred swine of high grade, and a number of brood mares, young horses and mules. Judge Wes. Perdue, six miles north, and John R. Gray, eight miles west of Greenridge, are large farmers and stock dealers and grazers, and keep thoroughbred horses, cattle, sheep and swine, but the precise num- ber cannot be stated for want of definite information respecting their herds. John Bennett, eighteen miles south of Sedalia, has a valuable farm which has been in cultivation many years, and is well improved, and kept in excellent order. It is situated on Flat Creek, has extensive meadows and blue grass pastures, and supplied with an abundance of pure water. Mr. Bennett keeps from thirty to forty high grade breeding cows, a large flock of sheep of good quality, several valuable Short-horns, twenty to thirty young horses, mules and brood mares, and grazes and fattens for market annually one hundred to two hundred steers, fifty to one hundred mutton sheep and one hundred swine. " Crawford Lawn," the home of G. W. Crawford, situated three miles east of Hughesville,is one of the most valuable small farms in Pettis county. It contains one hundred and sixty acres, is well watered and surrounded and divided into fields of pasture meadow and plow land by a well culti- vated hedge fence. Mr. Crawford is doing a prosperous business at mixed farming, and sells annually a large amount of surplus stock and grain. 11 366 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. The farm of Gregg Bros., eleven miles northwest of Sedalia, contains six hundred and forty acres, of which two hundred and fifty eight acres are devoted to pastures and meadows, and the balance to the cultivation of grain. The owners, G. W. & O. G. Gregg, manage the farm in person, and sell annually three hundred fat steers, three hundred swine and two hundred mutton sheep. J. S. Hughes' " Pleasant Retreat," a beautiful, well cultivated, and very productive farm of three hundred and sixty acres, is situated on Brushey creek twelve miles northwest of Sedalia. One hundred and sixty acres are reserved for plow land, and the balance is devoted to blue grass pas- tures, meadows and orchards. He keeps twenty-five to thirty choice breeding cows, seventy-five to one-hundred Southdown sheep, fifty to one hundred cattle, and one hundred to two hundred swine. A fine farm of seven hundred and sixty acres, six miles southwest of Sedalia, is owned by George & D. E. Davis. Three hundred and twenty acres are used for the cultivation of grain, and four hundred and forty acres are laid in meadows of timothy and clover and blue grass pasture. Water is supplied by springs, wells and ponds, and the value of the prop- erty is enhanced by a large and well constructed residence and number of convenient and commodious farm buildings. The owners keep a splendid herd of Short-horns, six high grade brood mares, and thirteen mules and horses. They also fatten and ship to market annually about one hundred fifty swine and two hundred and twenty-five to two hundred and fifty fat steers. The most noted breeder of pure Berkshire swine in the state is -N. H. Gentry, whose splendid farm of six hundred acres lies six miles northeast of Sedalia. This farm is noted for its fertile soil, beautiful location and the convenience and completeness of its arrangement. The entire 600 acres are laid in blue grass, and the sun never shone on finer pastures. Water, pure and abundant, is supplied by living streams and a steam pump, and the appliances and buildings connected with the breeding and raising of stock, cost a large sum. Mr. Gentry has a splendid herd of twenty-five Short-horns, led by a bull of superb form and qualities; two hundred and fifty Merino and Southdowns from imported stock, and sells annually over three hundred pigs at fancy prices. Two miles east of Hughesville, in a flourshing agricultural district, is the excellent stock farm of Wm. Lowry. It consists of one thousand acres, all under substantial fence, and divided into convenient fields. One- half is seeded down to blue grass pasture and timothy meadow, and the balance is reserved for the cultivation of miscellaneous crops. The buildings are of the most substantial character, costing over $7,000, and water is obtained by means of bored wells with wind. pump attachment. Mr. Lowry has a number of fine horses, brood mares and breeding cows, HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 367 two hundred sheep, mostly improved grades, two hundred Poland-China and Berkshire hogs, and a large number of miscellaneous stock of mixed breeds. M. H. Seibert owns a handsome, well cultivated farm three miles west of Sedalia. It contains six hundred and eight}' acres, properly sub-divided for convenience in the management of stock, is exceedingly fertile and is in the midst of a very flourishing agricultural district. Three hundred and twenty acres are laid in blue grass pasture and timothy meadow, and the balance is in plow land, orchard, etc. Mr. Seibert has a herd of thirty registered cattle — Dutchess and Maries — a number of breeding cows of mixed breeds but high grade, twenty-five Berkshire hogs of the best species, one hundred fine sheep, Merino, Southdown and Cotswold, and gets as high price for his wool as any sheep breeder in the state. He keeps also one hundred and fifty to two hundred stock cattle of good breeds, and fattens and ships to market annually one hundred head of choice steers. SHEEP HUSBANDRY. Among other industries for which Pettis county is becoming noted Sheep Husbandry is fast assuming perhaps the most prominent place. As early as 18;>0, Richard Gentry, the father of R. W. Gentry, presi- dent of the Missouri Wool Growers Association, began paying special attention to sheep. On his large farm of over 6,000 acres, lying north- east of Sedalia, he kept a flock of Merinos, varying in number from 2,51)0 to 5,000, and in quality unsurpassed by any flock in the state. This flock was a mixture of Spanish, French and Saxon blood. Mr. Gentry was known throughout the state as the great sheep man of his day, and strangers often came long distances to see his farm and sheep. Mr. Gentry was at his death the wealthiest -man in the county; and he always claimed to have made most of his money in handling sheep. He handled Merinos exclusively, and his wool, on account of its quality and condition, always brought the best market price. His clip one year during the war brought him $12,000.00. A flock of 800 sheep, descended from the flock Mr. Gentry left at his death, are now the property of R. W. Gentry, above mentioned, who lives on the old home place. In addition to these, Mr. Gentry has 200 sheep imported from Vermont, than which there are none better in the state. Mr. Gentry is president of the State Wool Growers Association, secre- tary of the Pettis county Association, a member and secretary of the Missouri State Board of Agriculture, and a young and thoroughly pro- gressive man. He has a farm of 1,100 acres highly improved, lying northeast of 368 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Sedalia, on which he proposes to keep a flock of 2,000 registered Ver- mont sheep. He has now four large barns, and is making improvements every year. His residence is connected with Sedalia by telephone, and all letters and telegrams are promptly received. Mr. Gentry was the first president of the State. Wool Growers Association, and is now presi- dent for the third time. He is ambitious to make Missouri the sheep state of the Union, and Pettis the sheep county of the state. He is not at all selfish, but is doing all he can to induce others to embark in the busi- ness ; and he is weekly answering letters from other states from parties desiring to move to Missouri, to embark in the sheep husbandry. Parties in Pettis having farms for sale or rent would do well to keep Mr. Gentry informed of the fact. Pettis county has by no means reached its full development in the mat- ter of sheep husbandry. It has but fairly made a beginning. Over 3,000 blooded sheep were shipped out of the country last year, and the number is annually increasing. Mr. Gentry is shipping bucks in large numbers to Texas. Mr. John S. Woods and the Deweese Bro's are also shipping Merino bucks and ewes to various points in large numbers. Messrs. Wm. M. Gentry and N. H. Gentry, who have hitherto been raising various kinds of blooded stock, the latter especially Berkshire hogs, have concluded to give special attention to sheep. They propose to keep Merinos; and have already very choice flocks. The}* are half brothers of R. W. Gentry, and the three, living on adjacent farms, hope to control a large trade. Sedalia is the place at which are held the annual conventions and shear- ings of the State Association, and the meetings of the County Association ; so that Pettis county, on this account as Well as on account of its railroad facilities, may be regarded as the sheep centre of the state. The County Association is composed at present of the following named gentlemen: Wm. Baker, Greenridge; John S. Banks, Sedalia; Fenton Barnett, Dresden; E. C. Bouldin, Georgetown; Dr. J. L. Cartwright, Longwood; V. T. Chilton, Smithton;J. W. Cole, Sedalia; Oliver Elmore, Longwood; Major Wm. Gentry, Sedalia; Wm. M. Gentry, Sedalia; N. H. Gentry, Sedalia; R. W. Gentry, Sedalia; Joshua Gentry, Dresden; F. C. Hayman, Longwood; T. S. Hopkins, Georgetown; J. B. Hopkins, Dresden; C. C. Jackjon, Hughesville; J. M. Jackson, Hughesville ; Henry Jones, Long- wood; S. T. Lupe, Lamonte; James McCampbell, Greenridge; Wm. McDaniel, Houstonia; H. L. Quisenberg, Sedalia; H. B. Scott, Sedalia; J. E. Scott, Houstonia; J. M. Sneed, Sedalia; B. P. Smith, Smithton; John Thomas, Dresden; Hebrew Tivis, Houstonia; David Thompson, Sedalia; J. W. Walker, Sedalia; J. S. Woods, Sedalia. There are quite a number of sheep men in the county besides the above, whose names no doubt will soon be enrolled. This association has thous- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 369 ands of sheep, and clip annually over 100,000 pounds of wool. The officers are J. M. Sneed, president; R. W. Gentry, secretary; John S. Woods ■treasurer. Most of these gentlemen sell their wool to local dealers, some ship to St. Louis; while the most enterprising ship directly east to commission houses, thus doing away with all profits of middlemen except one, thus realizing a good round price. Mr. R. W. Gentry shipped this year to Walter Brown & Co., No. 98 Federal Street, Boston, and realized for his clip of 7,000 pounds, 27 cents per pound over and above all expenses. Conclusion. — The foregoing by no means comprises the entire number of persons engaged in stock raising in Pettis county. Every where may be found magnificent farms, stocked with thoroughbred animels of the finest species, or of mixed breeds of excellent qualities. Every farmer raises stock for sale in proportion as his means and the facilities of farm affords. Every farmer boy is being trained in the best methods of stock husbandry by careful experienced fathers, and granger mothers are instructing their daughters in the art of butter making, poultry raising, and the various domestic duties so essential to successulf husbandry. The various conditions essential to the propogation of animal life, and its growth and development to the highest possible standard and of excellence exist, effecting alike both brute and human, and nowhere under the sun can be found finer types of the human race than those " to the manor born, "and reared in the pure air, the healthful clime, and upon the fertile soil of matchless Pettis county. CHAPTER XIV.— RAILROAD HISTORY. Introduction. — First 'Enterprises in this Direction. — Sketch of the Inventor of the Locomo- tive. — Some of the First Railroads. — -Building of the Pacific Railroad. — Prominent men in Railroad Enterprises of the County. — The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. — Narrow Gauge. — Lexington Branch. In this age of great, unprecedented progress and advancement in all that pertains to the elevation and enlightenment of mankind, nothing in all the domains of science and art has been more effective in bringing about these results than the invention of railroads. The imagination of men, stimulated by the most gorgeous scenes of beauty and grandeur, could never have conceived the marvelous and unparalleled changes that have been wrought in this country by the introduction of railroads. Men liv- ing in the present generation can distinctly remember when the iron- horse first breathed from his nostrils, the dark, wavy columns of smoke that hailed his appearance in the world. Nothing in all the realms of truth or fiction has ever before surpassed the rapid strides the world has made, 370 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY in every department of literature, in every field of art, and in all the rami- fications of science, since the year 1830; when steam locomotion, for the first time in the history of the world, was made a veritable fact. It need, not be claimed that this degree of advancement is due. alone to the great advantages brought on by railroads, but it may be shown that they have contributed to these results more than any other factor; nay perhaps, more than all the other factors that make up the civilization, refinement, and prosperity of the present day. All nations have become neighbors The wealthy merchant in New York can spend his summer vacations with his relatives or friends on the distant shores of the Pacific, surrounded by all the beauties and delicacies of a tropical clime. The northern citizen may spend the day with his southern neighbor, and return to his home in the same length of time. All civilized nations are brought into close connec- tions with one another in the various relations of business and pleasure. Time is almost annihilated, and space made as naught, by the grand and mighty railroad and the attendant luminary, or satellite, the telegraph. Within the last few years the telephone has added new and cheaper means of communication of thought, especially in cities. By these rapid means of inter-communication and exchange of products, all the learning, discov- eries and inventions of the world are brought together, as one vast motive power to lift up the world and make it what it is. It has been by the united effort of mankind, brought on by our grand systems of railroads and telegraphs, that such an impetus has been given to every department of human activity, destined, perhaps, to continue to elevate and ennoble* the human race for coming ages, until they shall have risen to a height so grand, so lofty, and so transcendant in all its aspects, as would cast in the dark shades of barbarism, the boasted civilization of to-day. As early as 1602 railways are mentioned in history, and are thus described: The manner of the carriage is by laying rails of timber from the colliery to the river, exactly straight and parallel; and bulky carts are made with' four rollers fitting those rails, whereby- the carriage is so easy that one horse will draw down four or five caldron of coals, and is an immense benefit to the coal merchants. The first iron railway was laid down near Sheffield, England, by John Curr in 1776, but was destroyed by the col- liers. In 1786 considerable railway was laid at Colebrook Dale, England; however, the railway system was not sanctioned until 1801. Up to this time the cars were drawn by horses. In 1802, a patent was applied for and granted by the government for high pressure locomotive engines to Trevethick and Vivian. In 1813, Wm. Hedley built the first travelling engine or substitute for animal power. It was not till George Stephenson in 1814, constructed his locomotive that speed amounted to much, and that was only six miles per hour, but by 1829 the speed was accelerated to HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 371 twenty-five and thirty-five miles per hour, and by 1830 received attention in the United States of America. It may be truly said that George Stephenson, an ingenious engineer, who invented the steam engine, was one of the greatest benefactors of the human race. His experiments covered several years, beginning with 1814. The following is a brief sketch of this great benefactor: George Step- henson was born at Wylam, in Northumberland, England, June 9, 1781. His father was a fireman of a colliery, and was unable to give his children an education at school. At the age of fourteen, George became an as- sistant fireman in the colliery. He learned to read and write at a night school. Having been promoted to the office of brakesman, he married Fanny Henderson about 1802. He exercised his mechanical skill in mending clocks, studied mechanics, and acquired a practical and the- oretical knowledge of steam engines. In 1812 he became chief engineer of Killingworth Colliery. His first locomotive engine was completed in July, 1814, and drew eight loaded cars four miles an hour. He made an- other, with important improvements, and applied the steam blast pipe, in 1815, and soon after that date improved the construction of the railway. In 1822 he was employed to construct a railway from Stockton to Dar- lington, which was opened in 1825, and was the first railway made for public use. About 1824, Mr. Stephenson and Edward Pease, of Dar- lington, established a manufactory of locomotives at New Castle. He was chief engineer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, finished in 1803, not without opposition from land owners and others. A prize of £500, equal to $2,434.30, was offered by the directors of this railway for the best locomotive, which was awarded to the " Rocket," made by George Ste- phenson and his son Robert, in 1830. This engine is said to have run at the rate of thirty miles per hour, to the great amazement of the people. He was subsequently employed as engineer of the Grand Junction Rail- way, of that which connects London with Birmingham and other places. He spent his latter years in the superintendence of his extensive coal mines, and in August, 1848, he passed from the stage of action, having spent nearly threescore years of active life. The first railroad in the United States, built in 1826, was used in carry- ing granite from the quarry at Quincy, Mass.; the first locomotive was im- ported in 1829. The following year, a locomotive, the first successful one ever constructed in this country, was produced at Baltimore, and was used for the transportation of passengers on what is now the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The same year, the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad was be- gun between Albany and Schenectady, and in 1832 a load was drawn over it at the rate of thirty miles an hour. From this time railroads multiplied rapidly; and when the revulsion of 1837 occurred, more miles of railroad 372 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. were in operation in the United States than in any other country. Since then the improvements have been quite rapid, and the simple engine and plain carriage originally used do not look much like the powerful locomo- tives and costly cushioned and elegantly furnished cars of the present day. The Pacific Railroad was the first important railroad projected in the county. The question of its location began to agitate the people as early as 1850. There was a fierce struggle, involving much animosity and bit- terness, carried on in the state legislature, as to whether the road should be located on its present route, called the inland route, or along the river counties. Prominent among the men who contributed much to bring the road through Pettis county is Gen. Geo. R. Smith. At the beginning of the war, 1861, the Pacific Railroad was completed to Sedalia, and at once the town became a nucleus around which all the country for a radius of more than fifty miles came to do business. Many came to the terminus of the road for the purpose of work and protection from the rebels. For about three years the road was not pushed farther west. In 1865, after the close of the war, work was resumed. March 2, 1857, the court made the following order: It is ordered, that the president of this court sign the bonds of Pettis for $100,000, heretofore ordered to be issued to the Pacific Railroad com- pany; and the agent of the county is hereby authorized to make a sup- plemental contract with said company, requiring that no interest shall be charged on said bonds whilst they remain unsold. It is further ordered that the clerk of this court attest said bonds and sign the coupons attached thereto. Upon the same day Gen. George R. Smith was appointed by the county court to cast the vote of the county of Pettis for' directors of the Pacific Railroad company at the ensuing election. At this time A. M. Forbes was president of the court, a man of considerable enterprise and ability. The following order appears on the county court record for March 6, 1855: Ordered, that the collector of Pettis county pay over to C. & W. Wood, George Heard, William H. Powell and David Thomson, the amount bor- rowed of them by the county to pay a call on the county made by the Pacific Railroad Company, with interest, as soon as he shall collect suffi- cient of railroad tax for that purpose. On the tenth of this month Gen. George R. Smith was authorized by the county court to cast his vote in the next election for directors of the Pacific Railroad. On July 3d, 1865, it was ordered by the court " that a tax of one percent be levied on all property set forth in the assessor's book for railroad purposes for the present year." Taxation continued to be quite heavy until the Pacific bonds were paid, and then a cessation of prosperity intervened for several years, and with the exception of the panic of 1873, the county has continued in prosperity. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 373 One of the most noted railroad men who has given time and influence in building up Sedalia and Pettis county, benefitting and adding thousands of dollars in value to real estate of Central Missouri is Mr. Cyrus New- kirk, who, by foresight, cast his lot with the interests of the people of Pettis county in 1865. Here he at once inaugurated a project whereby the Tebo and Neosho Railroad could be completed, extending from Seda- lia to Fort Scott. Nine years previous a charter was granted, but the board of directors were not organized, and it was the principal object of taking hold of this railroad and pushing it through that induced Mr. New- kirk to come west. When the board of directors was organized, Col. A. C. Marvin was president, and Cyrus Newkirk treasurer. Active work commenced in 1866, and the charter being a very liberal one, allowing the road to extend into and through every county of the state ; and the county courts could by subscriptions encourage, grant, and issue bonds for the construction of the road. Mr. Newkirk continued to work for this project with alacrity until its completion. He succeeded in negotiating in behalf of Pettis county with the Land Grant Railway and Trust Com- pany of New York, whereby the people could have a highway opened up for them which amounted in dollars and cents to far more than all the bonds voted. This road is now the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and extends north from Sedalia to Hannibal, and south to Denison, Texas, and is now a part of the Jay Gould combination. Col. A. D. Jaynes, Major Wm. Gentry, J. R. Barrett, Reece Hughes, and others of the county had done consid- erable for this enterprise. Gen. George R. Smith was the agent to dis- pose of the bonds of the Tebo and Neosho Railroad for Pettis county, and may be regarded as one of the leading public men of Pettis county who never lost an opportunity to assist in building it up. The Narrow Gauge Railroad, extending from Sedalia to Warsaw, in Benton county, was accomplished by Cyrus Newkirk, the prime factor in the movement, working about two years most valiantly before its organiza- tion; he was also treasurer of this company; Maj. Wm. Gentry, presi- dent; D. H. Smith, vice-president; and Col. Jno. D. Crawford, secretary. Late surveys of this road extend to Springfield and Pierce City, Mo. The object that Mr. Newkirk had in view when he was so tenaciously working for this road was to checkmate the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas Railroad, and take charge of the old road-bed in Benton county, which was pledged to the company that would make the first road to that county. The bonds of this company were held by St. Louis parties, issued by the company, whose headquarters were in Sedalia. The road is now in the Jay Gould combination. Chief among the leaders in constructing the Lexington branch of the Missouri Pacific are the names of Maj. Wm. Gentry, Reece Hughes, 374 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Col. T. F. Houston, Judge Gibson, Col. Joe Higgins, Capt. Samuel Shanks, with many others on the line of the road. The city of Sedalia gave to the Pacific Railroad company twenty acres of land and $40,000 in bonds to permanently locate the machine shops near the city. At present all the roads that center in Pettis county belong to the Jay Gould combination. A project is now being warmly agitated by Cyrus Newkirk, D. H. Smith and others, whose object is to project a railway line through Sedalia as a competitive line. The survey of the road has now been made and no doubt the project will not fail to be of vast moment to the people of Pettis county. The subject of railroads was strongly urged upon the people till I860.. In March, 1857, the court has — It is ordered, that A. M. Barret be and is hereby appointed agent of the court to grant certificates of stock to persons paying railroad tax under the various subscriptions of stock by Pettis county to the capital stock of the Pacific Railroad company for the amount so paid. The Missouri Pacific Railroad enters the county from the east on the line of the counties of Morgan and Copper, passing through "Smithtoh< township, the villages of Smithton and Farmers City, thence northwest, to Sedalia, continuing in a northwesterly direction to Dresden, in Dresden township, thence to Lamonte, in Lamonte township, thence west through Johnson county. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad extends from Sedalia in a southwesterly direction, passing through a portion of Prairie, Washington and Greenridge townships, extending through the towns of Windsor, Lewis'' Station, Clinton, LaDue and Montrose of Henry county. From Sedalia this road extends northeasterly to Beaman, in Bowling Green township, thence to Boonville. The Narrow Gauge extends south from Sedalia through Flat Creek township, thence to Warsaw, in Benton county. A proposed route extends from Marshall, Saline county, through Seda- lia, thence somewhere south. In reality the Missouri Pacific Railroad was completed to Sedalia in January, 1861, where it remained the terminus till in the fall of 1863; but there was little vim or energy spent in building the road except as the government gave it aid till the close of , the war. Soon after the completion of the Pacific Railroad to Sedalia, might be seen almost every day long trains of cars, heavily laden with lumber,, business houses, residences and shops of all kinds, transported from towns and villages along the line of the road from the east as far as Otterville,. eighteen miles distant. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 375 CHAPTER XV.— MARTIAL HISTORY. Introduction— The Strife in Pettis County —The Sufferings of Wives and Mothers— The First Companies Raised— Men engaged in Raising the Forces— Col. Jno. F. Philips — Capt. Jno. M. Sneed and his Roll of Privates— The Progress of the War — Home Guards— Table of 7th Cavalry M. S. M. and 40th E. M. 3. M.— The Sedalia Post. "True patriots all ; for he it understood, We left our country for our country's good." — Geo. Burrington. . Years must elapse before a written sketch of any internecine war can be rightly appreciated. The struggle between the Federal government of the United States and the Southern Confederacy was a long and bitter conflict, in which neighbors and, in many instances, brothers met as com- mon foes upon the battle field. The historian has labored earnestly to gather facts of ^interest pertain- ing to the conflict between the north and south, collecting from the most reliable sources, winnowing the chaff from the materials collected, and pruning down the partisan spirit, making an impartial record of the darkest days that our country has ever witnessed. Some excellent histories of the Great Rebellion have been written. However, there are but few which have not borne the tinge of political affiliations. All fact is truth, but all truth is not fact. It is the province of the historian to keep facts before his readers. In presenting facts for the generations yet to come, dignity and honesty should be alike preserved. In this great conflict the European stood amazed that a nation which had sprung into existence almost by magic within three-quarters of a century could be divided and furnish the immense armies marshaled mainly from the plow and work-shop into the field, the great battles, splendid generalship, dashing feats of arms, masterly strategy, brilliant tactics, bravery of soldiers, grand charges and terrible battle-fields, vast resources, the sanitary system, and the strong resolutions and firm endur- ance of the people, challenging the admiration of the world in their bravery and military skill. Indeed, throughout the history of modern times there are no efforts more amazing, no sacrifices more unbounded, no achieve- ments more brilliant on record, than those of the armies of the north and south. In this fratricidal war brave men went forth to battle, in whose veins proudly coursed kindred blood, whose pioneer fathers had stood in defense of the American flag in the war of 1812, and in the revolution that gave birth to this republic. The war is now over, and throughout the broad expanse of our country we find many people, animated by the noblest sentiments, impartial in their offering to the memory of the dead. They strew flowers alike upon- the graves of the blue and the gray. In our broad land, from every 376 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. -neighborhood the hand of affectionate relatives of both Confederate and Federal soldiers think of the blue and the gray as they sleep : " Under the sod and the dew, Waiting the judgment day; Love and tears for the Blue, Tears and love for the Gray." The civil war in Pettis county was four years of that particular strife, in which many citizens of the county arrayed themselves in the ranks of the contending armies; and very many of them died of disease and wounds, or were slain upon the field of battle, whilst others at the close of the struggle found homes in other states. This was a period of sore distress and calamity to the people of Pettis county. The wails of widows and orphans were heard for the loss of husbands, fathers and brothers. The population of the county was more than decimated by the casualties of the war, valuable personal property and even life itself became unsafe. Bands of marauders from the cesspools of both contending armies often dashed upon the peaceable citizens, and after doing what mischief they could, skedaddled from the county before an armed force could take them. In this way many acts of lawlessness were perpetrated. During the days when the dark cloud of war hung over the county many citizens sought refuge in other sections of the state and in other states. Homes were abandoned, farms ceased •to be cultivated, and lands depreciated in value. Debts were reduced to judgment and execution, and real-estate sacrificed under the hammer. Families were driven, almost penniless, from their homes, and in brief, the whole county seemed to be involved in utter ruin. The most sanguine mind could scarcely have hoped to witness within the following decade a restoration of the county to its former wealth, population and prosperity; and yet, notwithstanding the ravages of war, at the return of peace in the spring of 1865, many of the people who survived this dreadful civil strife and carnage came back to their homes and devoted themselves again to their loved vocations with renewed energy. In 1861, when the civil war assumed a belligerent form in Pettis county there was no neutral ground. The zealous advocates of secession espoused the cause of the Southern Confederacy and marched away with the first opportunity to join in the ranks of battle. Many of the most valiant and trustworthy citizens of the county, frantic like, rushed into this cause, which, with many of their lives, rights and property, was lost. On the other hand the friends of the Union enlisted in the militia and regular Fed- eral service as the country called them forth. The struggle was so bitter and unpleasant to the citizens who desired to remain at home that by the ■summer of 1863 there was not one out of ten of the population of 1860. In many instances old men were shot down while holding the plow, who HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 377 in every respect, especially on account of their age, felt safe in staying at home and cultivating the farm that their children might have bread. However, these men had their sentiments, and a right to proclaim them, and thus they became martyrs for this sentiment. In this dark time that tried men's souls every man had his friends and enemies, and often the latter outnumbered the former. The enemies that were accustomed to plunder murder and make raids into neighborhoods of law-abiding citizens were once neihgbors, and their taking different sides aroused a striking enmity which frequently had a fatal termination. At times so few men were allowed to stay at home that women and children were obliged to plant and cultivate the fields or starve. Cases of families whose standing was high and living in luxury, the daughters, whose hands were unskilled to toil and hardships, went into the fields, drove the ox teams (for no horses could be kept), cultivated the soil, harvested the grain, and per- formed the drudgeries common to the most menial farm laborer. Such was the pluck and chivalry of the Pettis county girls in many instances, whose noble virtues, brave and self-reliance, have ever kept them in their proper sphere. The noble mothers and daughters of this county deserve great praise for their patient endurance of fatigue and hardships during those black days of fearful guerrilla warfare within the limits of their own neighborhoods. At the outbreak of the war Captain Samuel Montgomery organized the first compan}' of soldiers in defense of the Union. Dr. Joe. M. Fox raised the first Confederate company. These companies were organized in the spring of 1861, when the country was all aflame and panting for war. The rebels had taken Ft. Sumter, and the South was jubilant of the vic- tory andthe constant cry was "on to Washington." Hundreds of the citizens, whose affiliations and sympathies were with the secessionists, drifted to the scene of conflict and carnage, many of whom never returned. The first two years the secessionists had things about their own way, after which the "tables were turned," and the Federals from every direction swept over the county, scouting for bushwhackers, taking possession of the towns. They partially held them till the surrender of Gen. Lee, at Appomattox court house, April 9th, 1865. Captain D. M. Williams and Maj. J. C. Woods raised forces for the Confederates. E. D. Williams, a worthy citizen, was shot in trying to escape from the Federals and join Gen. Price. U. F. Short, now a prom- inent lawyer of Sedalia, was a soldier in the Confederate service,also Col. T. P. Hoy, Rob't C. Wood and John Burris. Wm. H. Field was among the slain on the Southern side. Dr. T. E. Staples was quite active in recruit- ing and equipping forces for the Confederates in this and Saline counties. Among the Union officers that scouted in the county and had head- quarters in Sedalia, we mention Col. R. R. Spedden, Lieut. J. H. Brown, 378 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. Maj. Gentry, Captains Jno. M. Sneed, W. K. Ramey, Geo. Lawes, Dr. J. P. Thatcher, Sam'l Brown and W. W. Cross. The soldiers in the M. S. M. were clothed, fed and paid by the state. Besides the regular militia, bands were organized and known as Home Guards, for the protection of their homes. In some instances those who enlisted were no better than those for whom they were prepared to confront in battle. Col. Jno. F. Phillips organized the 7th M. M., which was not to go out of the state unless in defense of the state against invading enemies. These soldiers ■ were paid and equipped the same as regular soldiers of the Federal army. Company "C,"40th E. M. M., had the following officers: Adjutant, Chas. P. Townsley; Maj., Wm. Gentry; Lieut. Col., J. H. Brown; Col., R. R. Spedden; Capt., Jno. D. Crawford; 1st Lieut, C. C. Crawford; 2nd Lieut., Jno. F. Yankee. These men were well chosen and well fitted for the positions they held. They held the Sedalia post through the dark days of raiding, bushwhack- ing rage. On the 14th day of October, 1864, when the rebels had cut the telegraph wires and burned the railroad bridges between St. Louis and Sedalia, thus cutting off all communication, a small squad of militia were left in Sedalia, almost defenseless, when Gen. Jeff. Thompson, with about 1500 half-starved soldiers, marched into Sedalia with three pieces of artillery, at once capturing the city, and after killing a few men, he com- menced plundering. He overran the town, ransacked the stores, and took all the goods his force could carry. The few militia, to save their lives, were compelled to make a hasty retreat in the direction of Flat Creek. Since no reinforcements could be had, Jeff*. Thompson quietly left the city unmolested. The following is the list of names of Company " D," 40 Reg. E. M. M.: Captain, Jno. M. Sneed; 1st Lieut., R. M. Funk; Quartermaster, H. R. Dobyns; 2d Lieut., Jno. G. Reisler; Sergeants, George Neely, Silas D. Helton; Corporals, David A. Bagby, Harvey Folkenth, Robert M. Funk, Green S. Cockrell, Washington Stark, Thornton Farris. The following names embrace the privates: Alexander Anderson, William Anderson, Newton T. Burge, William A. Burge, William Baker, James W. Brown, Thomas B. Champen, John Cole, Daniel Connohue, Leonidas Derby, William Degarnett, Henry C. Donnohue, Jefferson Degarnett, Barton W. Degarnett, Ainstead Henderson, Thos. J. Johnson, Daniel Johnson, Willis P. King, Anderville Lambert, George Lansur, Lewis F. Metcalf, Thos. F. Melvin, William J. Moler, Thos. F. Parisett, Simon E. Pollard, Micheal Ramsour, John Shobe, John C. Shy, Job Stevens, David Thomas, William Thomas, Reuben Thomas, Mason Brown, D. T. Williams, William Williams. The earliest organization of troops in this county to suppress the rebel- lion was made under the call of the president for 75,000 men, which HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 379 was issued April 15, 1861. It was April, May, and June of this year, under the most adverse circumstances, that these companies were organized. As the summer of 1862 advanced, the rebels throughout the state, elated by the temporary success of their friends, became bolder, and clung with desperation to the idea that there was yet some prospect of re-estab- ing by force of arms their friend, Governor Jackson, and his state gov- ernment. To accomplish this, a thorough system of organization was commenced, which was set on foot and was rapidly being formed by men who had returned from the rebel service through the Union lines; men of influence and respectability in the different localities where they had form- erly resided. About the first of September a general uprising of .the secessionists took place in this and other parts of the state. They relied on the strong faith they had in their leaders. As an example of the zeal and fervor the southern sympathizers yet had in their leaders, we give one which will suffice: Col. Coffey, with five hundred men from the rebel army, came into the state from the south- west in the month of July, avoiding the Union posts, and, no sooner had he reached the central part of the state than, in the short space of ten days, his numbers were increased to nearly 6,000, and it was only with great loss on the part of Union soldiers that he was finally beaten and driven back beyond the lines of the Union army. Under the existing circumstances of that time the state was compelled to enforce a more and more rigid discipline. Bands of bushwhackers and guerrillas were forming in vigilant and daring companies, independent of any army regulations for the purpose of retaliation upon those whom they laid the blame of their misfortunes. In these cliques were aged men and boys, whose blood was hot and desperate for marauding. No doubt many were wronged, and both parties engaged in this fratricidal conflict. Men forgot themselves, their country, and their interest, and rushed hotly upon a supposed foe, having dispatched his life, they burned his house, and soon were meditating and concocting other diabolical schemes. Both parties raised the black flag. Especially was this true in the guerrilla bands of militia and bushwhackers. By the middle of the summer of 1862 the rebel guerrillas had made inroads all over the state, and the adjutant general, for the protection of the loyal citizens, made an urgent order which was published by General Schofield, requiring an immediate orga- nization of all the militia of the state for the purpose of exterminating the guerrillas that infested Central Missouri. Every able-bodied man capable of carrying arms, and subject to military duty, was ordered to repair, without delay, to the nearest military post, and report for duty, to the commanding officer. Every man was required to take with him what arms he could procure and a good horse. The order gave them the priv- ilege of taking whatever property they could utilize, such as arms, ammu- 380 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. nition, and horses, not in possession of loyal families, to be used in public defense in crippling the rebellion. This daring act on the part of the Federal authorities embittered the southern sympathizers and made the bushwhackers more furious. Many of the disbanded militia who had returned peaceably to their rural homes were shot down while, at the plow, and on the other hand the militia showed no mercy to the southerner, whether in arms or peaceably at home. This was the most horrid and terror-sticken year of the war. Life was a bubble cast upon the sea of time, with but little more its defense. The military posts were often the cess-pools of crime and disgrace to patriotic pride. Hatred and envy rose high, and honesty and purity of purpose was rarely found. Pettis county was at that time in the Fifth Military District; Captain A. C. Marvin was provost marshal of this district; A. S. O'Bannon, commissioner, and Bernard Bruns, surgeon. Under the general order of the War Department Col. Jno. F. Philips organized the Seventh Infantry, U. S. Volunteers, and was one of the most reputable regiments of the state, with headquarters part of the time in Sedalia, 978 strong. The First Missouri State Militia Battery, with seventy-four strong, was sta- tioned in Sedalia during 1863. The " Pettis County Home Guards " was a mounted, independent company, organized by authority of General Lyon, June, 1861, and per- formed duty in Pettis and adjoining counties until the following August, when the same was disbanded. The officers were: Captain, Jno. P. Thatcher; First Lieut., Jac. Yankee; Second Lieut., Jas. M. Bohon. The aggregate strength of the company was ninety-two. June 23, 1862, the 6th Cavalry M. S. M., commanded by Col. E. C. Catherwood, was ordered by Brig. Gen. Schofield to move immediately to Sedalia. The regiment consisted of ten companies, moving from Liberty via Richmond and Lexington. The regiment arrived at Sedalia, June 15, 1862, and at once reported to Gen. Patten that the companies were ready for duty. Two companies, G and H, remained at Cam- eron to dispose ot military stores, and did not reach Sedalia till June 21st. Here the regiment was stationed during the summer of 1862, per- forming police and post duty, escorts, scouts, thus effectually protecting a section of country with an area of 6,000 square miles. A detachment of companies A, B and E left Sedalia, August 12th, under Assis't Surg. J. W. F. Clawges, Serg. Maj. W. D. Hubbard, Stew. E. T. Dun- ham, and chief bugler Jno. S. Dugan, marching to Lone Jack via Lex- ington, and participated in the severe action there August 16, 1862. The headquarters of this regiment were changed from Sedalia to War- rensburg, August 30, 1862, and again from Warrensburg to Sedalia, Sep- tember li, 1862, remaining at the latter place until the 28th day of Octo- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 381 ber, when the entire regiment, except "companies " D " and " E," sta- tioned at Calhoun, was ordered to Harrisonville. An account of the 7th Missouri Cavalry of state militia, under Col. Philips, who has long been identified with the interests of Pettis county, will be of interest to his many friends who stood bravely by him in the camp : Headquarters, 7th Cavalry, M. S. M., Sedalia, Mo., Dec' 21, 1863. Col. John B. Gray, Adj. Gen. Missouri : Sir : In reply to your communication of the 18th inst., (just received,) I have the honor to report that my regiment was recruited in Central Mis- souri, in the winttr of 1861 and 1862, under the most adverse circum- stances. The whole country was filled with rebel armies and guerrilla bands, and recruiting was carried on at the point of the bayonet, literally having to fight into the recruits and to bring them to the recruiting stations at Sedalia and Warrensburg, under strong escort. In Johnson county we had two fierce engagemets with Gordon's and Quantrell's bands, in which Maj. Foster and Capt. Foster, of the regiment, were severely wounded, and Lieut. Jewell killed. On the 1st day of May, 1862, the regimental organization was perfected, as announced in genera] order, No. 15, series 1862, from headquarters, A. G. O., State of Missouri, and was then sta- tioned at Georgetown, Missouri. Companies A, D and E were, during the months of July and August,. 1862, stationed at Boonville, Missouri, under command of Lieut. Col. T. T. Crittenden, and participated in the remarkable and somewhat romantic and adventurous pursuit of the rebel forces under Col. Poindexter in North Missouri. Company D, under Capt. Turley, especially distinguished itself in the engagement at Compton's Ferry, where at a single volley it killed some thirty rebels, crossing Grand river in a ferry boat, and at Switzlers Mills with distinguished valor. The headquarters of the regiment were at Syracuse, Missouri, from 1st of June to 1 5th of August, 1862. On the 16th day of August, 1862, Maj. Foster fought 2,500 rebels at Lone Jack, with 800 Union soldiers. A part of this regiment participated, losing one-third of the force engaged, and behaving with a desperate valor almost unparalleled in small engage- ments. Here Maj. Foster fell, having been most seriously wounded. Our entire force marched immediately under my command, with 1,500 others, to the relief of Lexington, returning to Sedalia on the 19th of August, having marched 125 miles. From Sedalia, on the night of the 20th of August, we marched under Gen. Totten to the relief of Springfield, Mis- souri ; we marched day and night, via Osceola, reaching Springfield on the 27th of August; distance marched, one hundred and thirty-five miles. We remained at Camp Schofield, near Springfield^ till night of 21st Sep- tember, when the regiment marched thirty-five miles to Crane Creek, to watch movements of enemy at Cassville, and check his apprehended ad- vance on Springfield; while there we had several skirmishes with the enemy. On the 13th of October marched from Crane Creek, arriving at Cass- ville on the 14th. Here we joined the Army of the Frontier, the regiment 12 382 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. being in the 2d brigade, (Col. Philips, commanding,) 3d division, (Gen . Her- ron, commanding.) The regiment was in all the heavy marches and privar- tions of the Army of the Frontier, and was highly complimented for its good behavior in the battle of McGuires, between Fayetteville and Hunts- ville, Arkansas, on the 28th of October. From Cross Hollows, Arkansas, the regiment, on the 3d of November, 1862, marched via Elk Horn Tavern to Newtonia, where it remained, having almost daily skirmish actions with Livingston's guerrillas, until December 11th, when it marched for Elk Horn Tavern, where it arrived on the 13th of December. On January 8, 1863, Capt. Houts, Company A, marched with 100 men, in the night, "to Berryville, forty-five miles, surprised a camp of guerrillas, killing ten men and losing none. At 11 o'clock, p. m'., on the 11th of January, 18ti3, the regiment marched to the relief of Springfield, then infestad by rebels under Marmaduke, reaching Springfield on the night of the 12th, having marched eighty miles. From there it marched in pur- suit of rebels towards Hartsville, in mid winter, weather intensely cold, without tents or transportation. Returned to Springfield on the 18th of January, having marched 100 miles. On the 20th of January, regiment moved to Greenfield, Missouri, where its headquarters remained until 28th of May; one battalion, under Maj. Suess, being encamped at Linden, Christian county, one at Carthage, under Lieut. Col. Crittenden. On 13th of February, five companies of 3d Missouri state militia were consolidated with the regiment, making 'it a twelve company regiment. During February, March, April and May, "the regiment had a number of heavy engagements with guerrillas, killing a large number. On the 1st of June, headquarters of regiment were changed to Newtonia, where 1st and 3d battalions joined. During June and July this command killed, in several engagements, seventy guerrillas. In June had heavy encounter with guerrilla chief, Maj. Livingston. On the 28th of July, entire command marched toward Cow Skin Prairie to break up rebel camp under Coffey; failed to find him, returned to camp; distance marched, 100 miles. On the 1st of August, 1863, the regiment was transferred from south- west district to central district, Missouri, where it remains to this writing. In August and September it had several engagements in Lafayette, John- son and Morgan counties, with bushwhackers, having killed thirty or more in all. From the 6th of October to the 18th of October, the regi- ment was in pursuit day and night of rebel forces under Gen. Shelby, and skirmished and fought with his rear guard for four days, until general engagement with him at Marshall, Missouri, on 13th of October, in which the regiment largely participated, driving the enemy from the ground, scattering and dispersing him in much confusion. And on the 14th, this regiment captured his train and ambulances, and three wagon loads of ammunition. Since which raid the regiment has been distributed at various stations in Central Missouri. It is difficult to compute the aggregate distance traveled by the regiment, much of its marching hav- ing been done in detachments. Proximately, I will fix the distance at five thousand miles. I am, Colonel, with much respect, your obedient servant, John F. Philips, Colonel yth Cavalry t Missouri State Militia. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. SEVENTH CAVALRY, MISSOURI STATE MILITA. 383 NAME. RANK TO UANK FROM. ACCOUNTED FOR. May 1, 1862 July 12, 1862 Dec. 16, 1862 Mar. 27, 1863 Dec. 24, 1862 Oct. 14, 1862 Nov. 5, 1862 May 17, 1862 June 18, 1863 Mar. 4, 1862 May 14, 1862 Nov. 14, 1862 April 25, '63 May 15, 1862 JohnF. Philips. . Col Thos. T. Crittenden Lt Col Emery S Foster. . . Major, J. B. Rowland Henry Sness Thomas W. Houts Joseph W. Pennock Samuel K. Hall . ' John R. Moore. . Charles C. Tibbetts T.J. Montgomery. Charles C. Tibbetts Fayette Clapp. James L. Edwards Mills T. Chastain Robert A. Foster. Mar. 13, 1862 April 10, '63 Mar. 13, 1862 May 5, 1862 April 10, '63 Mar. 13, "63 April 10, '63 COMPANY "A." Thomas W. Houts. Joseph Peak. . . . John M . Jewell . Joseph Peak . . . Allen. H. Christian Allen H. Christian George P. Chiles. . April 25, '62 a Jan. 16. 1863 April 25, '62 July 16, 1862 Jan. 16, 1863 April 26, '62 Feb. 19, 1863 Dec 17,1863 April 26, '62 July 16, 1862 Dec 22, 1862 Feb. 19, 1863 April 26, '62 Dec. 26, 1862 Mar. 23, 1863 Dec. 17, 1863 April 13, '62 May 29, 1862 April 13, '62 May 29, 1862 July 26, 1862 April 13, May 29, 186? July 26, 1862 April- tt>r>63| Adjt.. Q. M. Corny Surgn As. Sn Chap Capt . 1st Lt 2dLt. May 1, 1862. July 12, 1862 Dec. 16, 1862 Feb. 16, 1863 Dec. 24,1862 Oct. 1, 1862 Nov. 5, 1862 May 1, 1862 June 18, 1863 Mar. 4, 1862 April 14, '62 Nov. 14, '62 April 25, '62 May 15. 1862 Resigned. Died at Bloomfield, Mo COMPANY " B." R. L. Ferguson. . . Henry Suess Sam'l H. McGuire Geo. W. McGuire. Sam'l H. McGuire Ambrose Daly COMPANY " 0." W. W. Miller Hiram 0. J. Fewell Wm. P. Baker.... John Coalter Henry T. Dodson. Nathaniel J. Bailey Francis Pharis. . . . H. A. Waltermire. Francis Pharis. . . . Wm. P. Baker... James L. Couch. . . COMPANY " D." Jesse J. Turley.. . James M. Turley. . James M. Turley. . George A. White. . Freder'k W. Becker George A. White. . James Ramey George N. Heaton. I Alex'der MeGoffie . Capt IstLt 2d Lt Capt . 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt IstJLt. it 2d Lt. Pro'd to Surg . Resigned Jan. 11,1862 April 4, 1863 Jan. 11,1862 April 7, 1862 April 4, 1863 Jan. 11,1862 April 4, 1862 Promoted to Major. . . Dd. of wds. reed in ac Promoted to Captain. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Mar. 24, 1862 Jan. 6, 1863 Mar. 24, 1862 July 12, 1863 Jan. 6, 1863 April 8, 1862 Feb. 7, 1863 Dec. 14, 1863 April 8, 1862 July 12, 1862 Dec. 15, 1862 Feb. 7, 1863 April 5, 1862 Dec 15, 1862 Mar. 16, 1863 Dec. 13, 1863 April 2, 1862 May 23, 1862 April 2, 1862 May 23, 1862 July 19, 1862 April 2, 1862 May 23, 1862 July 19, 1862 April 4, 1863 6th Cav. Promoted to* Major. . Resigned " . . Promoted to 1st Lieut. Sept. 24, '62 May 19, '63 Sept. 24, '62 Feb. 16, '63 Mar. 27, '62 April 4, '63 April 4, '63 Dec. 16, '62 July 3, 1862 Jan. 6, 1863 Mustered out Resigned Resigned Resigned Died Died Promoted to 1st Lieut. . Promoted to Captain . . Died Promoted to Captain. Resigned Promoted to 1st Lieut Resigned Dec. 31, '62 Oct. 22, 1863 July 3, 1862 Nov. 18, 1862 Dec. 25, 1862 Nov. 9, 1862 Feb. 7, 1863 Dec. 14, '63 May 18, 1862 May 23, 1862 June 30, '62 May 22, 1862 July 8, 1862 Jan. 7, 1863 Aag-lfl,- '-63- 384 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. SEVENTH CAVALRY, MISSOURI STATE MILITIA.— CONTINUED. TO RANK FROM. ACCOUNTED FOR. April 26, '62 Nov. 18. '62 April 26, '62 July 26, '62 Nov. 18, '62 April 26, '62 July 26, '62 Sept. 21, '63 April 25, '62 April 25, '62 Dec. 26, '63 April 25, '62 Jan. 12,1862 April 26, '62 Sept. 2, 1863 April 26, '62 Feb 19, '63 April 26, '62 May 16, '63 COMPANY " B." Owen D. Havely. . Abraham Darst. . John B. Rowland. Abraham Darst. . . James H. Crawford Beiij. B. Edwards James S. Carelton. T.H. B. Mitchell. COMPANY "P." BeDJ. H. Wilson. . Rush J. Learning. John S. Crane COMPANY " G." Melville U. Foster. Richard M. Box. . . VVm. L. Christian Sandy Lowe David V. Marr. . . COMPANY " H ' Eli as Slocum. . . Richard M\ Box. John Atkisson. . . Gustavus Westheff Joseph W. Pennock George W. Houts., COMPANY"!." April 23, '62 June 22, '63 April 23, '62 Aug. 8, 1862 Nov. 3, 1862 April 23, '62 Dec. 2, 1862 April 23, April 29, April 23, Mar. 23, May 14, April 23, May 2, 1862 Squire Ballew Geo. T. Prichard. George W. Calvin. George T. Hamlin. COMPANY " K." Wm. B. Ballew... Elisha Horn. . William D. Wilson COMPANY " L. Murline C. Henslee William Argo. ... Aaron Mcintosh . . . COMPANY "M." James McMurtry... 0. B. Queen Charles Holtzinger O. B. Queen Reuben T. Berry. A. A. McElhany.. Saml K. Hall 1st L A. C. Marvin Capt . 1st Lt U 2dLt. Capt 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt . 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt . u 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt . 1st Lt 2dLt. April 12,1862 Nov. 8, 1862 Mar. 16, 1862 July 19, 1862 Nov. 8, 1862 April 12,1862 July 15, 1862 Sept. 1, 1863 April 17,1862 April 21,1862 Dec. 23, 1863 April 21,1862 Oct. 9, 1862 April 21,1862 Aug. 24, 1862 Feb. 3, 1862 Feb. 7, 1863 April 3,1862 May 9, 1863 April 4, 1862 June 14, 1863 April 4, 1862 Died. Promoted to Major. . . . Promoted to Captain . . Resigned . Capt 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt 1st Lt 2dLt. July 28, 1862 Aug 13,1862 April 5, 1862 Nov. 27, 1862 Capt . 1st Lt 8dLt. B. Ajt April 12,1862 April 18,1863 Mar. 18, 1862 Mar. 16, 1863 May 1, 1863 April 12,1862 May 1,1862 Oct. 5, 1862 July 12, 1862 Nov. 8, 1862 June 24, 1862 Jan 7, 1863 Promd. to Capt. Co. H Resigned Resigned Resigned Promoted to Adjutant Resigned . Aug. 24, 1863 Sept. 23, 1862 June 2,1863 Nov. 18, 1862 Dec. 24, 1862 May 30, 1863 Resigned Resigned Promoted to Captain Mustered out April 10, '63 Mar. 3, 1863 April 18, '63 Oct. 1, 1862 July 29, 1862 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 385 40TH REGIMENT ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. DATE OF COMMISSION. NAME. TO BANK FROM. ACCOUNTED FOR. DATE. Sept. 25, '62 U Nov. 28, '62 Dec. 13, 1862 Sept. 6, 1862 it Sept. 6, 1862 It Mrch 14, '63 Sept. 6, 1862 it Sept. 6, 1862 Feb. 3, 1863 Sept. 6, 1862 R. RSpedden James H. Brown. . William -Gentry. . . C. P. Townsley . . . John Hancock . . . Hilory R. Dobyns . WilkinsWatkins. . COMPANY "A." Eilton D. Berry. .. Wm. F. McGuire. . Alex. A. Porter COMPANY "B." William K. Ramey James A. Ramey. J. M. Van Reagan William Kellerm'n COMPANY "C John D. Crawford. C. C. Crawford.. John P.Yankee. . COMPANY "D. 1 John M. Sneed. . , James B. Roberts. Robert Punk John G. Reisler. . . Nov. 25, 1862 Oct. 14, 1862 Sept. 6, 1862 Sept. 6, 1862 Sept. 6, 1862 Col... Lt Col Major Adj't. Q. M. it Surgn Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt. Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Capt 1st Lt tt 2dLt Sept. 10, '62 Aug. 8, 1862 Dec. 6, 1862 Dec. 8, 1862 COMPANY "E.' R. R. Spedden. . . William H. Cross. John W. Christian Wm. J. Satterwhite COMPANY "P." John P. Thatcher.. P. A. Thatcher . . . Benj. P. Yankee. . COMPANY "G.' S. D. Foulke. . . . C. Bondurant. . . W.H. P. Thompson COMPANY "H." Theodore Bloess. . . C. P. Fisher Fred. J. Kissel... Capt. u 1st Lt 2dLt Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Resigned. Resigned.. Aug. 28, '62 it U Aug. 28, '62 U Feb. 28, 1863 Aug. 18, '62 tt July 28, 1862 Dec. 1, 1862 July 28. 1862 Aug. 17, 1862 Sept. 27, '62 Aug. 17, '62 Aug. 28, '62 Aug. 18, '62 July 29, 1862 Died. Aug. 20, 1863 Dec. 5, 1862 Resigned . .' Resigned Promoted to Colonel Dismissed Resigned Mrch 21, '63 Nov. 11, 1862 Dec. 27,1862 Sept. 10, '62 Mrch 20, '63 Feb. 1,1863 Feb. 28, 1863 Feb. 28, 1863 386 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 40TH REGIMENT ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA — CONTINUED. DATE OF COMMISSION TO RANlJ PROM ACCOUNTED FOR Dec. 23, 1862 Feb. 25, 1863 Nov. 17,1863 Dec. 23,1862 Deb. 25,1862 Feb. 23, 1862 Aug. 15, '62 COMPANY "J." J. B. Hopkins,. . . Samuel H. Brown -T. B. Hopkins. . . Samuel H. Brown Natht. G. Brown. . Nath. . Q . Brown . . COMPANY "K." William L. Houts John W. Brnckman William J . Pace . . Capt. 1st Lt U U 2dLt Capt. 1st Lt 2dLt Nov. 5, 1862 Feb. 10, 1863 Aug. 7, 1862 Nov. 5, 1862 Feb. 10, 1863 Nov. 5, 1862 Julv 28. 1862 Resigned Promoted to Captain. Promoted to 1st Lt. . . July 9, 1863 Nov. 5, 1862 Feb. 10, 1863 Feb. 10, 1863 The following are the orders relating to the 7th regiment: Headquarters, State of Missouri, ) Adjutant General's Office, St. Louis, May 1, 1862. j General order No. 15. The following regimental organizations of the Missouri ' State Militia have been perfected, viz: The seventh regiment of cavalry, composed of company A, captain, Thomas W. Houts; company B, captain, Richard L. Ferguson; company C, captain, William H. Miller; company D, captain, Jesse J. Purley; com- pany E, captain, Owen D. Havely; company F, captain, Benjamin H. Wilson ; company G, captain, Melville N. Foster; company H, captain, Elias Slocum. The following field and staff officers of the seventh regiment of cavalry, Missouri state militia, have been appointed, viz: John F. Philips, to be colonel from May 1, 1862. Thomas T. Critten- den, to be lieutenant colonel from May 1, 1862. Samuel K. Hall, to be first lieutenant and regimental adjutant from May 1, 1862. Emery S. Foster to be major from May 1, 1862. A. C. Marvin, to be first lieutenant and quartermaster from May 1, 1862.' Charles C. Teb- betts, to be surgeon from May 1, 1862. B. F. Hughes, to be assist- ant surgeon from May 1, 1862. Col. John F. Philips, commanding the seventh regiment cavalry, Missouri state militia, will report for duty to Brigadier General James Totten. By order of the commander-in-chief. Wm. D. Wood, Colonel and acting Adjutant General. The following is an exhibit showing the number of men who volun- teered from Pettis county into the U. S . service for three years, or during the war, as obtained from the official records up to December 31, 1863, under the [different calls of President Lincoln: 4th U. S. Reserve Corps, 8; 3d Infantry, 5; 7th Infantry, 2; 12th Infantry, 'fr^th Infantry, 4y 21st Infantry, 1; 33d Infantry, 46; 1st U. S. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 3S7 Cavalry, 15; 4th Cavalry, 1; 6th Cavalry, 76; 7th Cavalry, 25; 10th Cavalry^ 2; 11th Cavalry, 15; Engineers of the West, 1. Total, 206. 1st Infantry, M. S. M., 2; 6th Cavalry, M. S. M., 2; 7th Cavalry, M. S. M., 623. Total, 627. . It was by the prompt and early organization of her citizens into militia hands that Pettis county was saved to the Union, and escaped much of the sad experience which fell to the lot of many counties of the state. The officers of the 4th Regiment, E. M. M., will be found elsewhere. This regiment was stationed at Warrensburg, during the winter of 1862- 63, Col. Spedden commanding the post. The field of operation was, for the most part, confined to Central Missouri. In the fall of 1863 a portion of the force was detailed to serve in what was called provisional regi- ments. John D. Crawford, capt-un of company C, took command of com- pany K, 5th Provisional Regiment, and was stationed at Clinton, Henry county. Many of the soldiers enlisted in the. 45th Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Some went to the artillery, while others entered the cavalry service. June 13, 1864, John D. Crawford was commissioned as colonel of the 40th Regiment, and on the 23d day of September following, was ordered by Maj. Gen. Rosecrans to report the effective strength of his command to headquarters, holding himself in readiness, together with his command, for immediate active service. September 26th, three days later, he was ordered to report his command to Brig. Gen. E. B. Brown, for duty. At this time, besides Col. Crawford, there were only three commissioned officers in the regiment and about two hundred men subject to military duty. Gen. Sterling Price, of the Confederate forces, had entered the south- eastern part of the state, and all of the available forces of the govern- ment west of the Mississippi river were concentrating in that direction. The post at Sedalia had been abandoned. Col. Crawford took command of the post at Sedalia, and organized the citizens of that place and sur- rounding outposts for duty. There were many citizens who refused to enter the service or do any military duty, at that time, principally owing to the fact that guns and ammunition could not be had of such quality and quantity, as to effectually arm the command. They relied chiefly upon themselves for equippage. Earthworks were thrown up tempora- rily about town. The citizens enrolled and elected their officers and a strict discipline was enforced as the circumstances demanded. About the 11th of October the army of Gen. Price crossed the Missouri Pacific railroad west of Jefferson City, where they cut the telegraph wires and burned the bridge at Otterville. Other bridges were burned. The garrison at Sedajia was ordered by. Brig. Gen. Brown to immedi- ately abandon the post. Scouts were out constantly, and the mounted 388 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. portion of the garrison were frequently engaged with squads of the enemy's forces. On the 14th of October, 1864, Brig. Gen. John B. Sanborn, U. S. cav- alry forces, commanding, passed through. Pettis from east to northwest at noon, at Georgetown, three miles north of Sedalia. His sick and dis-. abled were reported to the post, and the march continued to Lexington. On the following day, October 15th, the small garrison at Sedalia was attacked by a portion of Price's army, estimated at 2,000, and three pieces of artillery, under General Jeff. Thompson. The artillery of the Confedrates was planted north of town, and the cavalry advanced from east to west. After a short engagement, the rebels took possession of the town. During the fight the Union forces lost three killed, and about forty taken prisoners. The rebels reported five killed and thirteen wounded. At this time the U. S. infantry forces were on the march from Jefferson City to Tipton, in the rear of Price. The cavalry were mostly in advance, and forty miles northwest of Sedalia, in Lafayette county. Several merchants lost heavily in goods; but few horses, and but little ammunition was captured. It was. not long till the town was again occupied by Union soldiers. Virtually, the war in Missouri closed with the departure of Gen. Price, in the fall of 1864, and after this date the 40th regiment was released from active service. The following concise account of the capture of Sedalia, by Gen. Jeff. Thompson, was written by Miss Emma Crandall, of Sedalia Public School: THE CAPTURE OF SEDALIA. In the fall of 1864, General Sterling Price, at the head of 30,000 Con- federates, invaded Missouri. The Federal troops stationed in Central Mis- souri, not being sufficiently strong to contend against so large an army, were withdrawn from the western part of the state, and concentrated at Jefferson City; thus leaving the inhabitants of ail the country west of Jef- ferson to the mercies of the roving band of guerrillas, who constituted the advance guard of Price's army. Sedalia, at that time being a small, but important place, on account of its being the western terminus of the Missouri Pacific R. R., was made the object of attack by the Confederate forces. The citizens, for the pur- pose of defending the place against the depredations of the enemy, organ- ized a force of about six hundred men, which were placed under, com- mand of Col. J. D. Crawford. Prominent among the officers were Capt. F. L. Parker, Lieut. Frank McCabe, Lieut. B. B. Lyon, and Capt. Wash- burn. Among the high privates who are now residing in Sedalia, were Louis HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 389 Kumm, Elias Laupheimer, J. G. Tesch, John Hall, B. H. Ingram, W. E. Bard and O. A. Crandall, and many others whose names I am unable to learn. These men having no artillery and being poorly armed, determined to defend the town to the very last. To enable them to better defend them- selves, they dug a trench and threw up an embankment around the place. In what was then the eastern part of the city, where Goodwin's livery stable now stands, they built a dirt fort, in the center of which was raised a flag staff, with a Union flag on it. This fort was placed in command of Capt. Parker, while other companies were stationed in different parts of the town. For two weeks this brave band defended Sedalia against all attacks of the enemy, although peremptorily ordered (by Gen. Brown, district commander,) to give up the post, and it was not until they were attacked by overwhelming forces and heavy artillery, that the place was taken. On the afternoon of October 15, 1864, a detachment of Price's army of about two thousand men, with three pieces of artillery, under command of Gen. Jeff. Thompson, attacked the place. His artillery was planted where the cemetery now is, and his main army drawn up in line of battle along that ridge. Parker's company of the Union forces, under command of Lieut. Frank McCabe, was stationed near the Catholic church. The balance of the infantry was west of that, while the mounted men, under the immediate command of Col. Crawford, were drawn up in line south of the earthworks, and a portion of them went out and met the enemv and found out his full strength. The first attack was made by about one hundred Confederates, who dashed into the town, supposing it would be very easily taken. But they were immediately repulsed by Lieut. McCabe's command, with the loss of five of the Confederates. They, finding the place bravely defended, then opened their artillery, and kept up a steady fire of shot and shell for more than an hour. Col. Crawford after the capture of several squads of his command and having no artillery, and his men being poorly armed, found he could not contend against so large a force and reluctantly withdrew his forces, and retreated with the main body of his men to a division of the Union army, which was passing, under command of Gen. Sanborn, then in pursuit of Price. As soon as Crawford with the mounted men retreated, the remainder of the army surrendered to Gen. Thompson. The Confederates then took possession of the place, and took two hundred prisoners. They remained in town about four hours. About sundown they paroled all the prisoners and left Sedalia to join Price's main army. 390- HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI.— NEWSPAPERS. Introduction. — Gattenberg, the Fir3t Printer— Sketch of the Early Printing— First Papers of the United States— First Paper of Missouri — The First Paper of Pettis County — Pettis County Independent, of 1857 — Quotations from the Independent and Journal, Bazoo and Democrat— Other papers of the County. Here shall the press the people's right maintain, Unawed by influence and unbribed by gain ; Here patriot TrutrTher glorious precepts draw, Pledged to religion, liberty and law. Story. The newspaper world is a sphere of improvement. Wherever litera- ture is circulated through the press of a country freely we are sure to find intelligence. The needs of the intellect are various and the newspapers of the country supply those needs. The circulation of wholesome litera- ture has much to do in elevating the thoughts of the human race. Intel- lectual living is constantly seeking higher and purer truth. It is not eru- dition that makes the successful editor or the intellectual man, but vigor- ous and beautiful thinking. Many of our purest and brightest newspaper writers never entered college or handled an English grammar. Emerson has well said: If you would learn to write 'tis in the street you must learn it. Now-a-days whoever is able to read is richer in the aids to culture than Plato was in his age. The humblest scribbler of the reportorial corps has easier access to sound learning than either Solomon or Aristotle. It is by coming in contact with the various objects of the world that the rough corners of the ruder natures of the man are worn ofF, polishing him for his profession. The independent life of the journalist is one of constant progress and labor for the welfare of his readers, and very rarely has he been pecuniarily blessed. Most of the mental and pen pictures drawn by newspaper writers spring from the unwasting fullness of nature. Every- thing that is best and most original in the writings of an editor is invari- ably either an account of what he has seen is his own independent inimita- ble way, or else a criticism of the accurate or defective sight of others in the many walks of life. In the early history of the world people mingled and talked together, and disseminated the news from morn till night, each one a kind of news- paper. Then the people assembled in gardens, in halls, and on the banks of streams and discussed the various topics that this age would have in the column's of the daily press. If the history of the achievements of the printing press were swept from the annals of the world, leaving men to their oral communications, the brightest splendors of learning and science would forever be lost and buried in the succeeding eras. HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 391 Step by step the fire of ambition had been kindling in the minds of the people for the " Art Preservative," till in 1626, when printing in colors was invented, and three years subsequently the first newspaper was issued. Prior to this date many literary productions had been made by the stylus on the papyrus. In 1247 the first concordance of the Bible was made by hand and pen. The invention of printing is due to Guttenberg, who, in 1440, was assisted in improving it by Schoefer and Faust. In 1444 he commenced the publication of the earliest edition of the Bible, and finished it in 1460. John Guttenberg, the inventor of movable types in printing, who was, for a long time, partner of the famous Faust, of the city of Mentz, in Germany, was born about 1400. In 1450 he entered into partnership with John Faust, a citizen of Mentz, in conjunction with whom he printed a vocabulary, called a " Catholicon," by means of letters cut on blocks of wood. Types of copper and tin were soon after substituted for wood; and with these a Latin Bible was printed, with great difficulty and expense. In 1455, owing to some disagreement in pecuniary matters, Guttenberg and Faust separated, after having had a lawsuit. The former being unable to pay the sum awarded to Faust by the judge, was obliged to give up to him his printing materials and his invention. Sub- sequently, Guttenberg practiced his art in Mentz, and was appointed by the archbishop elector of that city and one of the nobles of his court, and obtained other preferments. He died in 1468, when about 68 years of age. A bronze monument, by Thorwaldsen, was erected to his memory in 1837. Faust, the associate of Guttenberg, the inventor of printing, was a very wealthy citizen of Mentz, and by some writers, on account of his affluence, is supposed to have shared in the invention of printing. By the means of his wealth and the assistance of his son-in-law, Peter Schoeffer, great improvements were made during the time of his life. He died in Paris about 1463, whither he had gone to sell some Latin Bibles from his press. Long before printing was invented by Guttenberg, paper was made from the papyrus, a kind of reed growing in many parts of the world, especially in Egypt, but it was not till in 1302 that paper was made from linen. The first newspaper of the United States was issued Sept. 25, 1690, at Boston, Mass., and met with considerable opposition even by the legisla- ture of that colony in respect to infringing upon the religious principles of those law-makers. In August, 1721, James Franklin, brother of Ben- jamin Franklin, established the New England Courant. The clergy and the office holders opposed the paper on account of its criticisms made upon their conduct, and in 1722, James Franklin was forbidden to print the Courant or any other paper unless it first be examined and supervised by the secretary of the colony. In spite of all the opposition set forth by 392 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. the New England colonies, by 1776 papers were published in every town of that section as well as in the southern colonies. In 1808 The Missouri Gazette was established, and the same year the name was changed to Louisiana Gazette, and in 1818, the original name was resumed, which was discarded in 1822 for that of Missouri Re-pub- lican, which name it retained a comparatively short time, when "St. Louis" was substituted for " Missouri," and now it is one of the most care- fully edited and influential newspapers of the United States. Col. Geo. Knapp has been connected with this paper for more than half a century. 'The first newspaper published in Pettis county was established by Gen. Bacon Montgomery in November, 1857, and was successfully edited by him till in 1861, when he cast his lot on the side of the Union, and entered the army under Gen. Nathaniel Lyon. In those days of chivalry a newspa- per man had to be ready to fight with both hand and pen. Then men did not allow editors to use their names under any suspicious circumstances. Editors, too, were not to be imposed upon, and quite frequently pugilistic combats took place in the editor's sanctum. The Pettis County Independent was published at Georgetown by Bacon Montgomery, and edited by R. H. Montgomery, every Tuesday morning. A copy of Vol. I., No. 9, bearing date of April 20, 1858, is now in the possession of Mr. Jno. D. Russell, of the Sedalia Democrat, and also a copy of The Georgetown Journal, bearing date of May 20, 1861, Vol. I , No. 48, with motto: "Born, reared and educated in the Union, we shall die in the Union, or die in a struggle to -preserve it" The Journal was published by J. H. Middleton and B. Montgomery; both being printers they set up their editorials as they were made, and hence no pencils or editors' tables graced their sanctum. We m ike a few quotations from the Independent of April 20, 1858: New System of Voting. — The following act, passed by the late leg- islature, is of considerable importance, and we ask the attention of voters to the same. An act to change the manner of voting in the counties of Harrison, Mercer, Gentry, Scott, Holt, Jasper, Barton, Pettis, Johnson, Stoddard, Polk, Moniteau, Taney, Stone, Newton, Andrew, Laclede, Webster, Green and Dade. §1. Voting by ballot. §2. Duty of constable. §3. Further duty of constable. §4. Duty of clerk. §5. Duty of clerks of e'ections. §6. Duty of judges of elections. §7. Elections for one day. On the Death of Nellie, we quote four stanzas by Lovie K. — HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 39$ Each living heart will have its shrine, Some object fond in nature, To love in life, in death lepiue, When cold in every feature. Then chide me not that I lament, The loss of faithful "Nellie;"— Hard is the heart that asks no vent, If grief like this befell ye. Poor "Nellie'' was no summer friend, To gratitude no stranger ; But would alike my step attend, In pleasure, grief or danger. In summer's sunshine 'mong the flowers Adown the smiling meadow, How pleased we spent the laughing hours, Poor "Nell" to me a shadow. In the paper the following announcements appear: Wesley McClure for sheriff; Reese Hughes for county treasurer; Clay Thompson for sheriff; David W. Thompson for sheriff; Philip Zilheart for sheriff; A. G. Glasscock for school commissioner; Henry McCormack for sheriff; Sam- uel B. Hass for sheriff. The following letters appear: Pettis County, Mo., April 16, 1858. Mr. Editor: — As it seems to be the desire of a number of gentlemen of this county, whose wishes I do not feel at liberty to disregard, that I should become a candidate to represent Pettis county in the general assembly of the state of Missouri, you are hereby authorized to announce my name as a candidate for said office at the August election, subject, of course, to any future arrangements of my friends. Respectfully, F. E. Cravens. The Georgetown Journal of May 20, 1861, contains the following items : The last number of the Warrensburg Missourian contains the vale- dictory of Mr. James D. Eads, its late editor. Mr. E. has rendered great service to the Union party of Johnson, and for that reason we deeply regret parting with him. Major N. B. Holden succeeds him; though whether a change in the political course of the paper is contemplated we are not apprised. The Major is one of the greatest wire-workers of the State. .It contains also the following: Warrensburg Company. — Last evening a company of militia from Warrensburg, under the command of Captain Ruth, an experienced and popular officer, camped near our burg. The word halt had scarcely been uttered when the hospitality of our town was extended to them by Messrs. Bixby and Morrison, by an invitation to partake of that wholesome beverage, mint julip, which had been prepared for them before their advent into the city. They were cordially received by men of their own sentiments. The commotion in the world has called them out, and they have girded their loins, and are preparing to share in the contest, and, may say to share in the defeat and destruction that awaits them. 39i HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. We can but regret that they — among them our friends, early compan- ions and associates — should so Ruthlessly imperil their lives as to enlist in such an unhallowed cause as secession, and against such fearful odds. But be it said to their praise, they are better equipped and prepared for battle and of better behavior than any company that has yet passed us. " Proud Johnson," though wise in her own conceit, we think "has sent her ducks to a poor market." The effect of this article warmed the blood of the southern sympathiz- ers. This time, not to drink mint julip, but demolished the printing office of General Montgomery. They made a charge upon the press room, but General Montgomery Mad it too well barricaded for their immediate entrance. While they were attempting to take charge of the printing mate- rial the general sent his " devil " out through a back way to give the alarm and call to his assistance the friends of the Union. Soon his friends caused the molesters to disperse. However, it was not long after this till the paper was suspended, and the county soon fell into the hands of the secessionists, and the paper became an exponent of Confederate principles. The SedaHa Morning Signal was established by Gen. Bacon Mont- gomery, about the 1st of December, 1873, a folio, 13x20; the mechanical execution of the paper was excellent.. In politics it was republican; not suiting the political sentiments of Mr. Montgomery, he sold out to Wm. H. Mugford. The paper was short-lived. The Pacific Enterprise was started in Sedalia, by W. P. Baker, during the year 1863. The paper became defunct in 1864, and the materials were subsequently moved to Warrensburg. The Sedalia Advertiser made its debut in the latter part of this year by the Lingle Brothers. It was the first democratic paper issued in the city of Sedalia; in April of the following year the office was sold to Magann and Stafford. The Sedalia Times was first issued in Sedalia during March, 1865, by P. G. Stafford and James G. Magann. It was republican in politics. Hawes & Montgomery subsequently took charge of this paper in^about 1868. The politics of the Times not being in harmony with the senti- ments of Gen. Montgomery, he retired from the paper February 25,1869, and the following paragraph is from his valedictoiy: In withdrawing from the Times, I return thanks to my many friends for their patronage and co-operation, and bid them an adieu, knowing that my successor is well worthy of their support. Perry Hawes then became sole proprietor, who subsequently sold out -to A. J. and F. A. Sampson. They sold to Rev. Cephas A. Leach, who being an inexperienced newspaper man, failed, and the paper passed into •other hands and was finally consolidated with the Eagle, in the spring of 1882, under the title of Eagle- Times. The Bazoo was first issued on Monday, September 20, 1869, and was an size 11x14 inches, about half the present size. The salutatory is HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. 395 headed, " Goodwin Blows his Horn." Each page contained four columns. This paper has continued with the same proprietorship through all its various changes, until J. West Goodwin, the publisher, has one of the widest ranges of journalism of any publisher known to the west. In 1866- Lingle & Bro. began the publication of the Independent Press, a twenty- eight column paper, democratic in politics. The office and materials were destroyed by fire on the night of November 6, 1868. The Boonville Eagle was established in 1865, by Milo Blair, as an exponent of radicalism and the support of republican principles, where it continued to be published till in 1878, when it was moved to Sedalia, and named Sedalia Eagle; here it continued to be published as one of the sound papers of its party, stirring its enemies with the sure, patriotic, and pungent missiles, that Mr. Blair was able and sure to throw from his editorial quiver. In the spring of 188'2, when Mr. Blair was appointed postmaster at Sedalia, the Eagle was consolidated with the Times, and known as Eagle-Times, published by the "Missouri Printing Company," with the following directors: Milo Blair, Jno. G. Sloan, G. F. Kimball, C. D. Wassell, W. A. Sloan. This paper issues a weekly and a daily edition of a circulation of about two thousand. The leading democratic paper of Pettis county and Central Missouri, is the Sedalia Democrat, established in January, 1868, by the " Democrat Company." The first editor was A. Y. Hull, a fine writer, and one of the best campaign organizers of that time. After leaving the Democrat he started a paper in Colorado, but subsequently sold out, and is now retired to private life at Pueblo, Colorado. Mr. Jno. D. Russell was foreman of the office till 1869. His fine business qualifications soon won for him the place he was destined to fill — that of business manager of the company, which position he now holds. In 1871, the Sedalia Daily Democrat was issued with about six hundred subscribers, and such has been the popularity of the paper at home and abroad, that it now has a circulation of about two thousand. This paper issues a Sunday and weekly edition, size, 30x48 inches. The daily is 26x40 inches. In 1877, Maj. Jno. N. Edwards, a leading writer and severe critic, was called to take charge as editor of this paper, and has held the - position ever since, making himself widely known throughout the state as a sound expounder of democractic principles, and a close-cutting logical writer. It may be well said of the Major, that he never takes up the pen without freely discussing or dissecting the whole argument presented by his antagonists. He writes for something. His terse, concise language, always stabs to the heart an enemy, and brings relief and joy to a friend. He is a kind, sociable gentleman, trustworthy, and a safe and faithful political writer in his party. Several other papers have existed only a brief period in the county. 396 HISTORY OF PETTIS COUNTY. They will be specially noted under the heads of their respective localities. The Adviser, established by Cotton Bros, in 1869, was a real estate paper. The Great Western Real Estate Guide was started by J. M. Byler, in February, 1869, and continued about one year. The Sedalia Republi- can made its first issue October 12, 1870. It was a liberal republican organ and suspended at the end of the campaign. The Real Estate Guide was issued in January, 1871, and in 1872 its name was changed to MagamCs Opinion. We find the following in an issue of the Demo- crat, published in 1869: Sedalia has two weekly and two monthly newspapers, which, though not the ablest of the state, are very far from being the weakest, and they stand as valiant sentinels of the public interest, and send out ten or twelve thousand papers monthly, into every state and territory of the United States, all of which have some good for Sedalia, Pettis county and Central Missouri; and thus influence and determine emigration to this section. It is safe to presume that 30,000 persons read the Sedalia papers every month, and our people are better of their being scattered among them. The College Journal, a neat monthly quarto, is published by the business college and has a fair circulation. The Independent was a daily started April 1, 1882, but was short lived. Perhaps, in all business avocations, there is no better avenue of the present day reaching the hearts of the people, than through the press. Men may dislike editors and condemn their course, nevertheless read their papers. No man in Pettis Co. is superior to Gen. Bacon Montgomery as a journalist. He was educated in a printing office, fought in the printing office, and is always at home in the printing office. For five years he was on the editorial staff of the Sedalia Bazoo; since that time he has been connected with the Sedalia Democrat, and continues with the same as one of its most facile and vigorous writers. s-cfci 1-1 a CO H a t> t- 1 '11 \ n i Vi nn ^ri i . mi — ^inp i:Ol HI 5-V 1 1 [ - ^"^fft^H 1 . :v HISTORY OF Cities, Towns t Townships, INCLUDING A SKETCH OF THEIR ORIGIN OF NAME, EARLY SETTLEMENTS, PIONEERS, CONFIGURATION OF LAND, CIVIL OFFICERS, WAR HISTORY, RAILROADS, ENTERPRISES AND INDUSTRIES, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, SOCIETIES, CEMETERIES, STORES, MANUFACTORIES, NEWSPAPERS, LOCAL ADVANTAGES, AGRI- CULTURE, ELECTROTYPE VIEWS, MATERIAL GROWTH, FACTS OF GENERAL INTEREST, STORIES, REMINIS- CENCES, BIOGRAPHIES OF ENTERPRISING MEN, ETC., ETC., ETC. COMPILED WITH GREAT CARE BY SPECIAL HISTORIANS. THE HISTORY OF SEDALIA. CHAPTER I.— INTRODUCTION. A. Picture of Sedalia as it is To-day — Her People, her Business and her Surroundings — The Location of the City and its Connection with Others — Why, How, When and by Whom the City was Founded— The Three Periods into which its History is Divided — What the Site of the Town was Twenty Years Ago — Who Lived in it — When the First Plat of the Town was filed — Why it was put in its Present Location, and not on the Site of Georgetown. "Facts are stubborn things, and seeing is believing." When a stranger arrives at the depot in Sedalia, in 1882, and for the first time, what solid fact does he see? He sees a great fact, a fact which requires no logic or argument to convince him that it is, because he sees it with the eye of his mind and with his natural eyes. And what is still stranger, this great fact is comparatively a new one ; and what is the stubborn fact that he sees? A splendid city covering an area of two miles square, of beautiful, roll- ing prairie land; and containing fifteen thousand inhabitants, and all the adjuncts of a first class modern civilization. Sedalia stands to-day the recognized head and head-center of Central Missouri, a region forming a circle of country one hundred miles in diam- eter, in the fifth State in the Union. Sedalia is a railroad, business, finan- cial, political and intellectual center. This is a proud eminence to occupy, and to hold it justly by its own intrinsic merits, is a proud pre-eminence. The commercial traveler from the great metropolis in the more enlightened and longer settled east; the capitalist seeking new and good fields for investment; the newspaper man, the railroad official, the advertising agent, the heads of institutions of learning and great manufacturing and jobbing establishments, the well informed men in this and surrounding States, each and all of these know that Sedalia is a central city, ahead of or above all other towns within one hundred miles of her, in the general intelligence and business energy of her people, in the possession of material wealth — such as fine, broad, paved streets, substantial two and three story brick business houses and dwellings, churches, schools, convents, daily newspapers, hospital, rail- roads, telegraph wires, telephones, gas works, water works, fire depart- 400 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. merit, hotels, parks, and the numberless other elements included under the term "Modern improvements." Sedalia has made her mark upon the world's record already, and she has made a mark so plain that the thou- sands can see it. The city is a business center because it is a railroad center, having railroads in all directions except due north, where one is surveyed. It is a political center because it contains three dailies, the only daily news- papers of strength and prominence in Central Missouri. In addition it has in the past ten years furnished a United States Senator, a Congressman, a candidate for Governor and a candidate for Lieutenant Governor. These and the newspapers have been the 'guides and moulders of public opinion in politics. It is an intellectual center, because the active lives of its people, the presence of daily newspapers, the sharpness of competition in business, the growing condition of the town, produce an attrition which keeps men alive, to all the present, and develops the intellect by pushing men lo intellectual effort. It is a financial center because it contains the most wealth in banks, in wholesale houses, in railroad machine shops, and in private manufactories. Real estate is worth more in Sedalia to-day, and brings in a better interest than in any city within one hundred miles of it, in any direction ; capital invested in any branch of business brings in quicker, surer and larger profits; the population is steadily on the increase and the work of building up and enlarging the town with more buildings, streets, public buildings, manufactories and educational institutions is still going on with unabated vigor. The growth of the city up to the year 1870, has been the growth of a frontier town. Much energy was misdirected and misspent, plans were laid in haste, and hastily carried out; but now the work of causing the town to grow is different; people are wiser, they mature their plans more slowly; they see the mistakes of the past, and are prepared to avoid them, and all that is now done, in the way of street, sewer, water pipe, and similar improvements, in buildings and the forma- tion of public organizations, is done carefully, solidly, and with intelligence and liberality. Not only is the city strong and progressive, but the portion of the country within twenty miles of it, in all directions, has been imbued with the same strength and the same progressive spirit. Thriving villages which con- tribute directly to its business and augment its prosperity, are established all around it. Six and twelve miles to the west, Dresden and Lamonte, two thriving towns, the latter incorporated; to the north are Hughesville and Houstonia. Greenridge, now an incorporated town, is only twelve miles southwest. Beaman is seven miles northeast, and Smithton, an incor- HISTORY OF SEDALlA. 401 porated town, with all the essentials of a town, is located eight miles east. Cole Camp is about twenty miles due south. All these towns are located on the lines of railroad mentioned heretofore in connection with Sedalia, and she draws vitality from them just as the radiating roots of a tree draw strength, sustenance and moisture from the earth all around it. The farming country around the city is unsurpassed in the State for the fertility of the soil, the variety and value of its products, and is now culti- vated with much care, highly improved, covered with the best and largest farm houses, inhabited by an intelligent, moral and law-abiding people, and filled with the best qualities of live stock of all kinds. In addition to all this, coal, one of the great essentials for carrying on the business of the world to-day, is brought to the city by all the railroads that center in it, and with the exception of that brought from the Indian Territory, it is dug from the earth of Central Missouri, in localities from twelve to fifty miles from the city. Since the Christian era at least it has been necessary for the historian, in writing the histories of cities, to rely for his information upon the floating fables and legends current among the people, or upon the musty records to be found in the libraries of old convents, churches, govern- ment archives and such receptacles; and upon documents, for the most part written in languages known only to the learned. But here is a city, Sedalia, which already has a significant history, and a population as large as that of some of the famed cities of the Greek or Roman empires, and its history could be written, if sufficient time were given to the work, from information furnished by hundreds of persons still living, who have seen the town from the day of its foundation up to the present time. Though but sixteen or eighteen years have passed since the city assumed the real character of a town, the years have been full of events and the foundation, progress and present size and prosperity of the city consti- tute one of the marvels of modern civilization. If the historian lays aside all disposition to exaggerate or elaborate he still finds enough simple, solid facts regarding its growth, cognizant to hundreds still in the prime of life, to excite his admiration and wonder; and facts to instruct the people of the present day and to encourage them to labor for the permanency of republican institutions, the support of education and the practice of industry, justice, and morality. Sedalia is now a city so well-known abroad and at home, so well estab- lished in character, growing so surely and swiftly, having now all the conditions and concomitants which guarantee that she will be a city of 30,000 people within the next ten years, that those who write in praise of the city can no longer be justly charged with exaggeration or misrepre- sentation! 402 HJSTORY OF SEDALIA. It must be distinctly borne in mind that it is not the purpose of this article to give a full, elaborate and detailed account of the birth, growth and present condition of the place, like the minute biography of a noted individual. The historian has but a limited time to devote to it, and must give only a comprehensive view or outline of its history, telling what it was before the war, during the war, and subsequent to the war ; giving the dates only of the most important events, accounts of significant facts; and episodes and narratives to show the character of the people and the conditions of society, together with such general and comparative facts, figures and statistical information, as will show the immense amounts of money and labor spent in permanent improvements from time to time ; the increase in population and business; the birth and growth of the railroad system of which Sedalia is the center; a statement of the amount and character of our manufactories, and give the list of names of early set- tlers; also an account of the origin of a number of important public and private enterprises, and the founding of churches, schools and societies. There is always a reason or a cause for the foundation of cities, and often both a reason and a cause. In the case of Sedalia there was a reason and a cause for its foundation, and for its location, on its present site, three miles south of Georgetown, the former county seat of Pettis County. George R. Smith, the founder of Sedalia, and the man who cherished and aided the infant town until it was strong enough to fight for itself, was a man of fine natural intellect and a magnificent foresight. This ena- bled him to tower above his fellows and see objects away off in the horizon beyond their power of sight. He saw the great tide of civilization rolling westward. The railroad was coming from the Mississippi River. The railroad carries civilization with it. He saw civilization as typified by the railroad, creeping up along the Missouri River towards Central Missouri. He wanted to divert it from the Missouri River and bring it through Cen- tral Missouri. He said to the people of this section, in the years that he saw the railroad coming: "Open your eyes and see the friend that is coming to aid you; hold out your hands and welcome it, give of your means to quicken its movements towards you." He worked and argued and pleaded with the people of Georgetown to strive for the prize, and have the road pass through their town. They could not see it coming; they could not see the advantages to be derived if it did come; they closed their ears and their eyes and sat still. He told them at one of the last railroad meetings held in the old Court House at Georgetown, that he would live to see the day when the bats and the owls would make their home in the Court House, while a flourishing town would be growing at their suburbs. His farm constituted the present site of Sedalia. He laid out a town upon it. He went to work to help himself, and left the people of Georgetown in their blindness and stupor; he labored to have HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 403 the railroad run through the center ol his own farm and his own town, and he got it there, and the very results followed, that for years he had seen would follow, and must follow according to the laws which govern modern civilization. "To boil it all down; to give it in a nut shell," because one man was wise and energetic and a dozen others were weak and idle, a beautiful city of 15,000 people grew upon a flower decked prairie in twenty years, while a town which had been founded for twenty-three years and had been flourishing tor eighteen years, sank into insignificance and ruin right at its side. In this connection it may be of interest to mention the fact that General Smith's prophecy concerning the " bats and the owls making their homes in the Court House at Georgetown," he lived to see literally fulfilled, for about one year before his death, after the building had been abandoned for years, it was almost alive with bats, owls and whippoorwills from the dense and silent forests in the near vicinity. The reader has been shown what Sedalia is to-day, after a life of twenty- one years. The cause and the reason of its foundation and of its founda- tion in its present location, have been briefly presented. To complete the picture it is necessary to tell where and how it is located. Sedalia is the county seat of Pettis County, almost the central county of Missouri, which is the fifth State in the Union, in population, wealth and progress. The county has an area of 672 square miles, and contains 446,- 289 acres. The county was first settled in 1822, and it now contains 35,000 inhab- itants. The Missouri Pacific Railroad, main line, runs through it from east to west. This main line runs a distance of about 300 miles, between St. Louis and the Mississippi River on the east, and Kansas City and the Missouri River, on the west; Sedalia to Kansas City, 96 miles; Sedalia to St. Louis, 189. The Kansas & Texas Division of the Gould combination, formerly the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, runs through it from northeast to southwest, from Hannibal, Missouri, on the Mississippi River, to Denison, in Northern Texas, a distance of 576 miles. From Sedalia to Hannibal the distance is 143 miles; from Sedalia to Denison, 433 miles. The Lex- ington Branch of the Missouri Pacific Railroad runs from the southeast to the northwest, from Sedalia to Lexington, Mo., on the Missouri River, a distance of fifty-two miles. The Sedalia, Warsaw and Southern Division (narrow gauge railway) of the Missouri Pacific Railroad runs due south from Sedalia to Warsaw, Mo., on the Osage River, a distance of about forty-five miles. The site of the city is a high, rolling prairie, and the area covered by it at present is. about two miles square. The water runs from it in all direc- 404 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. tions. Three miles north is the ' Big Muddy stream, and an expanse of woodland ; two miles and a half south is Flat Creek, and a similar area of woodland. To the west two miles and a half is Brushy Creek, and a nar- row area of woodland. The natural drainage of the town is excellent; the general surface of the ground occupied by it is so level that no fill or excavation is required in the grading of streets, beyond the height or depth of from two to seven feet. The history of Sedalia must be divided, in- accordance with the actual facts and the logic of events, into three separate periods. The first is the period from the date of the first laying out of Sedalia, the original town, November 30, 1857, to the erection of the first buildings. The second is from this date to the close of the war, in 1865; and the third is from the close of the war, when the town really began to grow up with rapidity and solidity, to the present time, July 1, 1882. The first period might very properly be divided into two sub-periods — from 1857, when the formal plat of the town was filed, until January 17, 1861, when the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad ran the first passenger train into Sedalia. In justice and reality the date of the founding of the town ought to be fixed as January, 1861,when the Missouri Pacific Railroad arrived at the place and fixed the destiny of the town beyond peradventure. The second period of the first division would be from 1861 to the close of the war. During the first sub-period, the town existed only on paper. Nov. 30, 1857, Gen . George R. Smith filed for record the plat of a town called Sed- ville. The town was given the name of Sedville, in honor of Gen. Smith's youngest daughter, Sarah E. Smith, still living, whose pet or nick-name was "Sed.," an inexplicable corruption of Sarah or Sallie. The plat of Sedville included about 160 acres of prairie land lying north of the present line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, between Georgetown and the present city of Sedalia. From Nov. 30, 1857, to Oct. 16, 1860, the town existed still only on paper. The only houses within or very near the present city limits of Sedalia, were those of Wm. Rutledge, located somewhere near the stream that runs through the northern suburbs; the farm resi- dence of Gen. Smith, then situated near what is now the corner of Seventh street and Washington avenue, and the farm residence of Col. D. W. Bouldin, between the present city and Georgetown. It must be borne in mind that Georgetown was at that time a flourishing town of 1,500 inhab- itants and the county seat of Pettis County. Ira E. Barnes, then a resi- dent of Georgetown, in those years when he visited the family of Gen. Smith, used to gather strawberries with the daughters of Gen. Smith, both of whom are now living, amidst the prairie grass and flowers, where now stand the stateliest buildings. Mr. W. P. Jackson, another old set- tler, still a hale, active and vigorous man, says that the prairie jvas alive with game, and that all up and down Pearl River there were large pools HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 405 filled with splendid fish. There was an unusually large pool, or pond, on the square now occupied by the City Hall, and that it extended clear across the line of the present Second street, between Osage and Kentucky. Some of the walnut trees which are now growing on the place of C. M. A. Chaney, corner of Lafayette and Sixth streets, have grown from wal- nuts planted by the hands of the late Mrs. George R. Smith. The only other important fact, having a direct bearing upon the history of the city, is the fact that for several years previous to the lay- ing out of Sedalia, and after its location, Gen. Smith had been laboring strenuously to make the people of Georgetown and Pettis County, and in fact all Central Missouri, see the advantages of having the line of the road located in this section. The detached account of his labors together with a history of the Pacific Railroad will be found in the biographical sketch of Gen. Geo. R. Smith. CHAPTER II.— FROM 1860 TO 1865. Sedalia Prior to and During the War from 1860 to 1865 — When Sedalia was laid out and by Whom— The First Lots Sold— The First Houses Built— The First Hotel— The Arrival of the Missouri Pacific Railroad in January, 1861 — Its Significance — The War Makes it the Terminus of the Line — A Picture of Sedalia as it was in May, 1861 — The War— The First Union Troops Raised— The First Bloodshed in the County— The Names of Sedalia Soldiers — Interesting Local Sights and Scenes — Biography of Gen. Geo. R. Smith, and History of the Pacific Railroad — A full Description of the Capture of Sedalia by Gen. Jeff. Thompson — Anecdotes and Tragedies. On October 16, 1860, Gen. Geo. R. Smith and Col. David W. Bouldin filed the plat of a town which they called Sedalia. This town plat included all of the original town plat of Sedville, and in addition, a large section of land extending from the present line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad as far south as the present Third street. The name Sedalia was probably chosen because the original "Sed" could be united to the more euphonious termination "alia", like Van-dalia, Cent-ralia, et cetera. Lots were sold in the original Sedville in 1858, the first to Eward Powell, and the deed recorded Sept. 4, 1858. On March 2, 1859, next year, Dr. W. L. Felix sold to Col. D. W. Bouldin an undivided one-fourth interest in a large tract of land north of the present line of the Missouri Pacific Rail- road, which included the original plat of Sedville. It was in October, 1860, that there was the first public sale of lots in Sedalia, and this was really the beginning of the town. A large number of lots were sold, most •of them, except those on Main street, north of the railroad line. It was soon after this sale of lots began, that the first buildings were erected and the town became such in reality. The town plat of Sedalia was surveyed by Mr. Mentor Thomson, who is still living in the city, and is president 406 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. of the Sedalia Savings Bank. He was assisted by Richard Hulland, now dead. In 1860, John Hodges had a small store and country postoffice at the point where the old well is, north of the Garrison House. The first house built after this was erected in the fall of 1860, by Jacob Skinner, at a point one block west of Ohio street, and about one block north of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. It is still standing at this time, June 30, 1882. The third house was erected by Richard Hulland, not far from it. Mr. B. H. OfFutt, still living, kept the first hotel, which was located just north of the present Garrison House, and owned by General Smith. The next hotel was also located near the present site of the Garrison House, and kept by a Mr. Maiden. It was called the Sedalia House. It was burned in 1866. About three months after the erection of the first few houses the Missouri Pacific Railroad line reached the place, and the first passenger train arrived about January 17, 1S61. This is one of the great epochs in the history of the city. A railroad meant everything; it meant immediate development and growth; it united the beautiful, unbroken prairie land with New York City and the Atlan- tic Ocean. It made it a part of the railroad country of the Union. During the temporary stoppage of the railroad at Tipton, forty-five miles east, at Syracuse, twenty-five miles east, and at O tterville, eighteen miles east, large business houses had been established temporarily, because, wherever the railroad stopped, there, for the time being, was the great depot and head- quarters, outside of Boonville, on the Missouri, from which the great southwest, then without a foot of railroad, received its supplies; and where the great Overland Stage Line had its eastern headquarters in Missouri. The writer can remember when, in 1860, the then thriving railroad termini, first Tipton, then Syracuse, then Otterville, and Smith- ton, were crowded with wagons of every description, and with goods in immense quantity, brought there by the railroad, and taken thence by wagon trains to the west and southwest. As soon as the railroad left each of these towns the big houses and the great trade, the hum and excitement of business left them, and rolled on, like a tide, with the thun- der of the iron horse, to the next terminus. When the railroad reached Sedalia, those who lived in this vicinity, and still live here, can remember that there was a genuine rush for Sedalia, like that made for some rich mining district in the far west. The name of the town was attractive in sound, and novel as well, in a region filled with towns with old, staid, prac- tical, every day names. The novelty and euphony of the name seemed to be significant of a new era in Central Missouri, and it has proven so. The large stores and establishments at Otterville and Syracuse were moved to Sedalia, not only the stocks, but in many cases the buildings or portions of them, or the timber. Houses and portions of them were HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 407 brought from Georgetown on wagons, and just as soon as a man could get anything to protect goods, that would pass muster for a house, he began business. In 1861, just before the railroad got to Sedalia, the supplies for the Southwest Expedition were brought by rail to Smithton, and that was about the last time that it had, what would be called in the expressive slang of the present day, " a business boom." As soon as the railroad reached Sedalia it became at once the depot of the Overland Stage Line and the headquarters for supplies, as the other towns where the line had paused for a time had been. Here, in a few weeks after the railroad had reached the point, the trains of wagons loaded. Just when the excite- ment and rush was at its height, war was declared. In one respect this was a misfortune to them ; in another, it was an immense advantage. It delayed the active and vigorous work of building the town for the four years that the war continued. On the other hand it held at the place the terminus of the railroad for nearly three years. Men had time to estab- lish a trade; the citizens of the vicinity had time to realize the immense advantages to be derived from a railroad; the thousands upon thousands of Federal troops which were stationed here for weeks and months had among them shrewd and observant men who saw the beauties and the richness, and the brilliant possibilities of the country. Many of them « remained here long enough to get clear, distinct, and lasting impressions, and if they did not return here themselves, when war's harsh voice was hushed, and gentle peace was singing lullabies, their descriptions of the land, and the town, and the people, induced others to return or made a picture for the man seeking a home and a business to think over. It is not necessary to poetize over this matter, though there is room for it; but the most practical, hardheaded business man can see in a moment that this is a fact. Instances could be cited of at least half a dozen property owners of the present day who first saw Sedalia during the war. One man who did, now has over $10,000 of property in the city. This is an important fact in the history of Sedalia, and it is one that people have only now begun to recognize. To clearly understand what Sedalia was just after the railroad arrived here, it will be necessary to draw a rough picture of the place. For the correctness of the picture the historian relies somewhat upon his own memory as to the appearance of the spot, when first viewed in the spring of 1862, but chiefly upon the still, clear and vigorous memories of a dozen or more of the very first settlers and actual business men of 1861. Out- side of the three or four houses mentioned heretofore, the town was con- fined to the two blocks between Ohio and Kentucky street, the store buildings all being on the present Main street. Between the date of Jan. 1, 1861, and May 1, 1861, quite a number of buildings went up, and many of them were in process of erection at the same time. On March 9, 408 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 1861, the store of C. F. Lohman & Co. opened its doors for business, on the northwest corner of Main and Kentucky streets. Jacob Nussberge'r and Henry Vitt were in charge of the house. Ben B. Lyon, Sr., and his son, Ben B. Lyon, Jr., were clerks in the house. Jno. L. Hall was for three months a member of the firm and in the house a short time. When the house was opened the prairie grass around the store was high enough to reach to a man's feet when on horseback. The sum of $999 was paid for that lot then. Five doors west of them, and on the spot now occupied by H. H. Dix's marble store, was a small frame storeroom occupied by John A. Reed. Just east of C. F. Lohman's building was a small store- room run by Wm. Gundlefinger, now cashier of a St. Louis bank. Still further east of these two buildings, on the corner of Osage and Main, was the large store and commission house of Cloney, Crawford & Co. This house and storeroom covered three lots. Thos. W. Clonev, now cashier of the Sedalia Savings Bank, was an active member of the firm. ''Uncle" Tom Millett, still a vigorous old man and a resident of the city, was the porter of the establishment. Just north of the last mentioned house was the Missouri Pacific Railroad depot. The next house east was on the northeast corner of Osage and Main, on the spot where now stands the Sedalia Savings Bank, a small store run by David Phillips. About three, doors east, where Jos. K. Yeater & Co.'s store now is, was a small store room, a grocery owned by JWm. Nichols and Mr. J. R. Barrett, who is still a wealthy resident of this city. Chas. Lesher also had a small frame shanty on the square, in which he had a photograph or art gallery. Next to him, on the same spot now occupied by Bard & Miller, was the drug store of William E. Bard. On the northwest corner of Ohio and Main streets was a large grocery house run by Dr. Logan Clark. Just across the street from it, on the northeast corner of Ohio and Main, was the general commission house of W. G. Wear & Son. On the south side of Main between Ohio and Kentucky were the following business houses: Southeast corner of Osage and Main, David Hancock's store; west corner of Osage and Main, Roderick Gallie and Samuel Ford's butcher shop ; three or four doors west of the corner, James G. Tesch, groceries and liquors; five or six doors west of Tesch, was the store of William and Theo. Bloess; next, Bixby & Houx's store, tinware and hardware; one door west, on the present site of Rod Gallie's grocery store, was the large dry goods and grocery store of William Beck. These were the principal houses on Main street, and constituted the business portion of the town. Capt. F. L. Parker, who died recently at Parsons, Kan., had a livery stable on the north side of what is now the Garrison House Park. Northwest of him were the stables of the Overland Stage Line, and near him a small hotel. During the year Richard Hulland and a HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 409 number of other parties put up small box houses on the rising ground near the corner of Lamine and St. Louis streets. There was an old log house o cupied by negroes, on the present site of Gauss' lumber yard. On the corner where stands the city hall there was a dense growth of willows on the banks of Pearl River and in a swampy spot. The deer came up there to drink just before the railroad arrived in the town. There may have been a few railroad shanties, stables and outhouses. There was not a business house south of Main street, east of the corner of Ohio or west of the one on the corner of Kentucky. This was all that, then constituted the town where now stands the " Queen of the Prairies," the model city of Central Missouri, with a population in her limits and suburbs of 15,000 ; real and personal property in the county, valued by the assessment of 1882, at $7,782,954, but worth really one-third more or $10,377,272. But the war had advanced with such intenseness apd rapidity that after the first three months all improvements stopped ; and, as an old resident of that town says, " not a nail was driven after the 1st of May, 1861." When the railroad first came business was very active here; the trade from the southwest, which had hitherto been held by Boonville, had begun to come to Sedalia, and for a brief period of three months or three months and a half, the streets presented a scene of unusual activity, and the amount of goods handled was very large. It was then " the Bullwhacker," the individual who drove the six yoke of oxen attached to an enormous wagon for the transportation of goods to the southwest, was in his full glory; the broad-rimmed, slouched hat was the popular head covering, bread and bacon the favorite diet, and whisky and New Orleans molasses mixed, the only drink that men of mettle would touch. A revolver in those days was as sure to be found on a man's person as a lead pencil and a memorandum book are now-a-days. Among the very first residents of the city, and the first business men, were William E. Bard, Maj. William Beck, Wm. and Theodore Bloess, Jacob Nussberger, Henry Vitt, Ben. B. Lyon, Sr., Ben B. Lyon, Jr., Roderick Gallie, Dr. Logan Clark, Jno. L. Hall, Thomas W. Cloney, Enos Cor- dell, Jno. R. Barrett, Gabriel Vogler, Wm. B. Riley, James G. Tesch, Robt. G. Barnhart, Thomas Millett, Tim Finnerty, Uncle Rafe Quinlean. and R. T. Miller. All the above, but Theo. Bloess, who is a resident of St. Louis, and Ben. B. Lyon, Sr., who is dead, are still alive, and residents of the city. In 1862, Abraham Meyer came here. Adam Ittel came in 1863. Elias Laupheimer came before '63. Louis Kumm was in business in '63. O. A. Crandall was here in '63, one of the earliest lawyers. Dr. R. T. Miller had an interest in the drug store of W. E. Bard, from 1861 to date. Quite a number of men who were residents in '62-3, have moved away or are dead. 410 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. At the close of the year 1861 the town did not contain, all told, from the best information that can be gained three hundred bona fide residents) and not over twenty-five families, all of which resided north of the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad, with the exception of two or three. There were, in all, only about twenty or twenty-five business houses. There were no churches or schools within the city limits. It was during the latter part of the summer of 1861, after the arrival of troops, that a huge cattle corral, or yard, was built on the ground just south of the alley in the rear of Smith's hall. It covered about five acres. Pearl River was then a prairie stream. There was a lofty, thick hedge fence running along Massachusetts street, and another along the present Third street. A man could have stood at the present site of the Garrison House and struck with a stone nine-tenths of the houses in the town. Now that a pencil picture has been given of the town, brief mention must be made of some events which transpired then, incident to the war, and directly or indirectly a part of the history of Sedalia. The feeling of bitterness between the Unionists and Secessionists of this county was at that time very intense. It is only war that can produce such a change •of feeling in a short time. People who had been friends for years, after the lapse of six weeks referred to each other as " damned Yankees," and "infernal rebels." War took progress by the throat and choked her into silence. The history of the city cannot be disconnected from that of the •county, because Sedalia soon became the real center of the county and the great place of resort. It was made a military post early in 1861. It must be remembered that there is very little written or printed data that can easily be procured, upon which to base the history of events and persons of this first year of the city's life. The historian is compelled to rely on the memories of living persons, and their memories are not all alike and some times do not agree. These discrepancies in memory fortunately do not affect any very essential facts. It was during the months of April, May and June, 1861, that the first military companies, then properly denominated as " home guards, " were organized. The first company was raised in Georgetown by Capt. Samuel Montgomery and the first one in Sedalia by Capt. F. L. Parker. Dr. J. M. Fox organized the first Confederate company. After the two first Union Home Guard companies were organized, Capt. Montgomery, who was the father of General Bacon Montgomery, a resident of this city, and Capt. Parker went to Boonville and got their arms. Capt. D. M. "Williams and Maj. J. C. "Wood, late circuit clerk, also raised companies for the Confederate side. There is some difference of opinion as to what regular Union troops first HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 411 entered Sedalia. In 1861 Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, just before, and on his way to, the battle of Wilson Creek, passed through the city and camped one night on Flat Creek. This was in the latter part of June or the first part of July and after the first battle of Boonville. The next troops which came into the city and went to Lexington were the famous " Mulligan's Brigade." In the fall of 1861, Gen. Franz Siegel and a large force were present in the city. Mr. Jacob Nussberger, who knew Gen. Siegel in Germany, met the latter at Jefferson City, and was induced to come with him and act as a guide and give points about the town and the county and people, which were of great value to an officer in a new country and surrounded on all sides by enemies. After Col. Mulligan's men had gone to Lexing- ton, the next troops which appeared were the First Illinois Cavalry, Col. Marshall in command. During the presence of this regiment in Sedalia and Georgetown, and during one of their scouting, foraging expeditions, occurred the first blood shed in the county and in the near vicinity of Sedalia. Mr. Elijah Magoffin was a wealthy farmer who resided about one mile west of the present town of Hughesville. He was a famous hunter, a dead shot, but withal a very quiet man and possessed of the most determined courage. He was known as a pronounced southern man. In August, 1861, a squad of Marshall's cavalry was in Georgetown. Magoffin was in town the same day. It was noised around the town that the soldiers were going to arrest Magoffin. He was in a drug store and four or five soldiers on horse-back came toward it. Magoffin, it seems, thought they were coming for him. He appeared at the front of the store with a double barrelled shot-gun. As the soldiers approached, he rested his gun over a horse-rack in front of it and fired upon the squad. One trooper tumbled from his horse dead. A second he wounded mortally. Magoffin was afterwards captured in the old Kidd hotel. His own fate, four years afterwards, was no less tragic, and it may be a note of interest to]mention it here: He was with Shelby's command in a small town in Arkansas, just before the close of the war. He had gone through many short fights, imprisonment in Alton military prison, from which he, his son, B. Magoffin, now a resident of this county, his son Elijah, a resident of Saline county, and M ajor J. C. Wo'od, now a resident of Sedalia, had escaped, together with many other of the vicissitudes of war. Two men, one a friend of Magoffin, got into a fight in a bar-room in the town where the Confederates Were then stationed. Magoffin interfered to prevent blood-shed. One of the men made a lunge at Magoffin with a huge bowie knife, split Magoffin's heart in two, and killed him instantly. Magoffin's son, Elijah, followed his father's slayer for six hundred miles, 412 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. caught the man in Texas, captured him and hung him with his own hands. During the interval between the arrival of large forces of Federal troops in Sedalia, and the first brief days of prosperity, many stocks of goods were removed back towards St. Louis, .and many persons left the town. These were truly trying times for the infant city. This is about the only incident that occurred sufficiently near Sedalia, during the year 1861, to warrant its mention in the city's history. . During the winter of 1861, the town contained a large force of Federal troops. During the year Major Wm. Gentry, Captains John M. Sneed, Wm. K. Ramey, George Lower, John D. Crawford, John G. Rissler, Wm. I. Pace and W. W. Cross, all still residing in this city or vicinity, were in the field, either as "Home Guards" or militia. The late Dr. J. P. Thatcher was also in the home service, in the city and county. The first regular regiment of Missouri State troops, called the Missouri State Militia, was organized in the early fall of 1861 in this city and vicinity, by Col. John F Philips. It must be remembered that the home guards and militia companies which did the first service in and around Sedalia, were only home companies, and enlisted for only three months. They did good service and many of the men and officers afterwards went into the regular state or volunteer service. Capt. Thatcher's "Pettis County Home Guards" did service until August, 1862. During the fall and winter of 1861-2, Col. Philips completed the organization of his regi- ment of 978 men, the first and best regiment. This was May 1, 1862, when the regimental organization was completed. Col. T. T. Crittenden, now Governor of Missouri, was lieutenant colonel. Emory S. Foster, who after the war fought a duel with Mai. John N. Edwards, now editor of the Sedalia Daily Democrat, was a major in the regiment. A part of this regiment fought Quantrell, at Lone Jack, Johnson County. Colonel Crittenden was stationed at Boonville in July and August, 1862. The headquarters of the regiment were at Syracuse, Mo., until August 16, 1862. The regiment was also at the battle of Lexington and with Gen. Totten's division went to the relief of Springfield, in August, 1862. In fact, the regiment did service throughout all Central and Southwest Missouri for over two years. A. C. Marvin, in later years a most promi- nent and influential citizen of this city, was quartermaster of the regi- ment. Major Henry Suess, for many years subsequent to the war an influential citizen, and mayor of Sedalia in 1867, was another officer in the same regiment, the best raised in the district. Dr. Thomas J. Mont- gomery, in 1871 mayor of Sedalia, and one of the most respected, learned and successful physicians of Sedalia, father of John Montgomery, Jr., a prominent attorney, and James Montgomery, was the surgeon of the regiment. ?/7- Dr. J. P. Thatcher, J. C. Higgins, E. C. Bouldin, O. A. Crandall, and E. O. Cheatham. The small attendance was caused by threats of the Militia officers that, if the Democrats attempted to hold a meeting, it would be broken up, and only the above named had the courage to attend. There was no disturbance, however, and delegates were chosen to a State conven- tion, soon after to be held in St. Louis. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ±63 In the spring of 1865, Messrs. P. G. Stafford and James G. Magann took charge of " The Sedalia Advertiser" and changed its name to the Sedalia Weekly Times, which name it retained until the middle of March, 1882, when the Times and the Sedalia Eagle were consolidated. The office was then located on the south side of West Main street, between Ken- tucky and Osage. The second newspaper, Democratic in politics, was established in the spring of 1866. It was founded by the same parties who had started the Times, the Lingle Brothers. The paper was called the Independent Press. Dr Logan Clark, still a resident of the city, was the editor-in-chief. It was published about nine months, when the office was destroyed by fire November 7, 1866, and from that time the publication of the paper ceased, and no further effort was ever made to revive it. Mr. F. A. Sampson of this city who has gathered together a mass of old newspapers, statistics and data, which are of inestimable value, and prove him to be a true student, a man of profound foresight and the keenest lit- erary judgment, has a few numbers of the first issues of the Sedalia Weekly Times of June, 1865. These are the only printed records of Sedalia of so early a date now known to be in existence. From these papers it is learned that, in addition to those already men- tioned as business men of 1861-64: there were the following persons in business in June, 1865, in Sedalia: Lawyers — Col, Jno. F. Philips, Judge Foster P. Wright, Geo. Heard, M. Hilton, O. A. Crandall, Chan. P. Townsley; Dr. J. S. Brackett, dentist; T. W. Moses, collector of soldiers' claims; Hart & Bob. Barnhart, carpenters; Parker House, kept by Hun- gerford & Wilson; A. Moses, grocer; J. T. Brown, grocer; Henry Suess, saddlery; Hughes & Ellis, dry goods; J. G. Beck, druggist; E. Davis, livery stable; Elias Laupheimer & Wm. Bloess, dry goods and groceries; F. L. Parker, livery stable ; Vickers & Landes, dry goods and groceries ; Taylor & Co., E. Bixby & Co., firm, Elias Bixby & Jno. W. Houx, Chris- tina Landmann, fancy groceries, wines, beer and cigars; Mrs. Faulhaber & Sister, fashionable milliners. The advertisements of all the persons and firms named appear in the issue of the Weekly Times of June 16, 1865, and, it may therefore be presumed that they were the principal business institutions of the town, where there is now a wholesale trade alone of nearly $3,00a,000. Mr. P. G. Stafford was the editor and manager of the Times, at that period. Mr. J as. G. Magann, a practical printer, a fair editor and repor- torial writer, had not yet come from Washington*, Missouri, although he owned an interest in the Times. The leading editorial of that date shows the condition of the town and country. It says: " Until the present week we have never felt at liberty to say that the war was over in Missouri. Two years ago many well meaning people in 46i HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Missouri congratulated themselves that the war was over. * * * * But Price came back last fall, and found, though not as many as he expected, many persons treasonable and foolish enough to follow him. * * * There is now no reason why persons of treasonable proclivities should flock to this state to carry on the war, either with force of arms or to fight for political ascendency. * * * The war is over in Missouri and our noble State, freed from the incubus of slavery, and the threatened danger of Confederate rule, will start forward with giant strides in the path of honor and prosperity." In June, 1865, the circuit court was in session. Judge Tutt, now of Lexington, presided. Jno. E. Ryland, now judge of the criminal court, was prosecuting attorney. The attorneys present were Manetho Hilton and Jno. F. Philips, O. A. Crandall, of Sedalia, and Messrs. Douglass, Bryant, J. H. Draffen and Jos. L. Stephens, of Boonville, and E. Burke, of California, Mo., Geo. E. Leighton, of St. Louis, was also present. There was a contest as to who was clerk of the court. The Times of June 16, 1865, refering to this matter says: ''The new clerk, removed and not removed." " Capt. Putnam, commanding this post (it was still a military post, it seems,) received an order yesterday morning from Gen. Harding, to undo what he had done under orders of Gov. Fletcher, that is, put Lowe in, and Christian and Bassett out of office. Christian and Bassett were accordingly notified. Court being in session. Mr. Lowe (S. A.) was called, but did not appear. The court adjourned for an hour, and then proceeded with Mr. Christian as clerk." This was the second term of court held in Sedalia. During the week of June 16th, eighty letters were left uncalled for, as advertised in the Times. Wm. H. Allison had a school here, in, this year and month, called the " Sedalia Institute." J. M. Byler was one of the teachers. An advertisement calling for " Proposals to Build a Court House in Sedalia," appears in the same issue. The proceedings of the city council are published in the same paper. At the meeting, June 6, 1865, a warrant was ordered issued for the sum of $122 " for hauling manure off of Osage street." Another warrant for $122.81 was ordered issued " to pay for rent and supplies furnished to the small pox pest house, during 1864." A petition praying for the opening of Lamine street, was received and read. J. L. Vickers was president of the council, and T. W. Moses, register. From the issue of the Times of June 23, 1865, it is learned that the first public hall was completed that summer. It was built by John W. Harding on the south side of Main street, between Osage ,and Kentucky. It was seventy-eight feet deep, twenty-two feet wide, and had two stories and a basement. This building was occupied by the Bazoo newspaper in 1869. The basement was used as a restaurant. The second or strelet floor was used as a billiard and bar room, and the upper room as a public amuse- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 465 ment hall. A grand ball was held in this hall, on July 4, 1865. Thos. E. Bassett, late county and circuit clerk, publishes " a card," a column and a half in length in this issue, containing various affidavits to clear him of the charge of "having made Confederate speeches in 1861." An editorial announces that the " city fathers have given notice that bids will be received for the building of certain culverts, and for the grading of West Main street." This was in all probability the first propo- sition to grade the streets of Sedalia, as a half column is devoted to the subject. The paper contains also the call of Henry Suess, " Colonel of the Pettis County Missouri Militia," ordering that all persons subject to military duty appear at Sadalia, June 26, 1865, and at various other places in the county, to be organized into companies of militia, " in accordance with the ordinance passed by the State Convention." It also contains the announcement of the marriage of Col. John D. Crawford to Miss Annie Parberry. In accordance with the above call of Maj. Suess, on June 26, 1865, two companies of militia were organized with the following officers : E. Davis and Chan. P. Townsley, captains; W. H. Porter, John W. Houx, W. P. Jackson and Jacob Nussberger, lieutenants. " The regular troops had long before been withdrawn, and these companies were organized to be ready in case of any emergency which might arise. The first flouring mill — and it was the first institution in the shape of a manufactory — was built in Sedalia, in June, 1865. It was completed in the fall. Wm. and Theodore Hoberecht built it. It is still in active opera- tion, and is now known as the Capital Mills, Jno. F. Antes, proprietor. Maj. Bacon Montgomery of the famous Sixth Missouri Cavalry, was in this summer promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He is the well known city editor of the Sedalia Daily Democrat. He fought for his country during the war, as boldly as he now writes for his readers. A. J. and I. W. Johnson, a new firm of carpenters, came to the city that year. Kebrman and Gabriel Vogler received a new stock of furniture. Chas. Hartenback then owned and, conducted the Eagle Hotel on Main street. On the 4th of July there was a grand Sunday school picnic at Wool- ridge's Grove, a mile north of town. Dr. Tobias was the leader of an amateur band of singers. The delinquent tax list fills four columns of fine type in the paper for June. In the summer and fall of 1865 the first brick buildings were greeted in Sedalia, and the material to build them was brought from Washington, Mo., on the cars. Messrs. Stafford & Magann erected the first, a one-story brick, on the southeast corner of Second and Ohio streets, for their newspaper office. That point was then in the business suburbs of the town. The building 4:66 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. is still standing, and is now occupied by Aug. T. Fleischmann as a drug store. Col. John F. Philips' residence was the next built. At about the same time James G. Tesch and his brother erected two two-story brick store- rooms, on the north side of Main street, between Osage and Kentucky. These were the first two-story brick buildings built in the town, and are the same now standing west of Parmerlee Brothers-. Quite a number of frame houses were put up that year also, but no record of them could be procured. These three were the only brick buildings put up in that season. Work was begun upon the first church building in the town the same year. The Independent Presbyterian Church erected the edifice on the corner of Lamine and Second streets, which is still standing. When it was partly completed an ice-cream and strawberry festival was .held in it and this was the first church sociable. The first two real estate offices were opened; James M. Byler and Dr. Clarke managed one and Cotton Brothers & Reese the other. The first two additions to the city were made this year. Smith & Mar- tin's First Addition, extending from Third street south to the alley south of Fifth street; from Washington street on the east to Missouri avenue on the west, containing sixteen blocks, was laid off June 23, 1865. C. D. Lesher and Louis Kumm's Addition, on the west of town, was laid off Dec. 12, 1865. The rush of immigration had begun and the town was filled by persons seeking a business location or a farm. The land offices emphatically and literally " did a land office business " in those days. Jas. M. Byler was one of the most active men in selling land and making trades. In the year 1865, the Parker House, containing thirty-four small rooms, took in, in the hotel, billiard hall and bar-room, the sum of $48,000. THE YEAR 1866. An outline history of the city during the year 1866 will now be given. During the latter part of 1865 and the early part of 1866 a great many men came here, who had a marked influence upon the destiny of the town, and contributed greatly to its development and advancement. Many of these gentlemen are still citizens of the city, to which they came when it was a village, and the mere mention of their names is sufficient to suggest their history, at least to the majority of the oldest residents of the city. Among the new citizens, who were here in the spring of 1866 and actively engaged in business, are the following: W. W. S. Snoddy, Lucius L. Bridges,, Jas. S. Botsford, late U. S. District Attorney, Henry C. Sinnet, J. M. Glasscock, C. C. Bassett, Arch. J. Sampson, late Attor- ney-General of Colorado; John S. Cochrane, P. C. Hughes, lawyers; HISTORY OF SEDALJA. 467 Drs. A. Y. Hall, J. H. McGirk, A. Condee, Thos. J. Montgomery (a sur- geon in Sedalia during the war); John W. Trader; Carman & P. G. Stafford, real estate agents; John Walde, book store; John R. Stewart and John F. Jenkins, extensive wholesale hardware and agricultural imple- ments; H. C. Smith & Bro., hardware; Vogler & Nussberger, hardware & furniture; J. R. Veeters, drug store, Volney and Frank Mason, drug- gists; Staley, Vinton & Co., A. P. Morey, of Shields, Milliken & Morey, dry goods; Chas. C. Taylor, jeweler and watchmaker; E. Lungstras & Co., Wm. Latour; Christopher Demuth, W. B. Adams, firm of Demuth & Adams, brickmakers; R. H. Moses, bricklayer and architect; John Stryker, builder and- bricklayer; Cyrus Newkirk and Col. A. D. Jaynes, the founders of the first bank, the First National Bank; Col. Richard Ritter, James M. Mills, Clifton Wood, J. G. White, lumber dealer, Jamison & Oates, wagon manufacturers; W. S. Baker, John J. Yeater, grocers; John F. Antes, Jos. E. Hillis, cooper shop; S. H. Beiler & Co., grocers; W. C. & J. J. Weiler, livery stable; C. E. Smith, clothing ; J. H. Mertz, druggist; S. L. Highleyman, deputy circuit clerk; John S. Landes, clerk; John D. Crawford (born and raised in the county and identified with the town from its very start, though a resident of the county); Jas. P. Leake, John Burkhardt, B. G. Wilkerson, a prominent lawyer, and nephew of Gen. George R. Smith, founder of the town. The summer of 1866 was the beginning of "the great building era," and an important event was the establishment of the first brick yard by Demuth & Adams, who made the material from which were built many of the principal houses of the town, which are standing to-day. Mr. Demuth had furnished the troops at the post during the war with beef, from early in 1862, and having done business in the place recognized the necessity for having brick ready when'the demand for them came. The first kiln was ready in June. This firm made the brick for the Stewart & Jenkins building on Main street, now occupied by W. S. Mackey; for all the buildings on the north side of Main, between Osage and Kentucky streets, but three; for over half those on the north side of Main, between Osage and Ohio; for Chas. Lesher's building on the south side of East Main, now occupied by Keifer's saloon ; for Louis Kumm's residence in East Sedalia; for the Bazoo office on Ohio street; for the Old Red Store on West Main; for the Ohio street M. E. Church; for the brick formerly on the corner now occupied by D. H. Smith; all of which were erected in 1866. They also furnished the brick for the residences of Col. A. D. Jaynes, Cyrus Newkirk and M. M. Pritchard, on Broadway, which were built later, and for the entire Ugen House block, and the Christian Church. D. T. Hartshorn finally bought Mr. Adams' interest in the yard. The firm continued to furnish the brick for nearly all the brick houses which were contracted up to 1871. The present Bazoo office was built by 468 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. R. H. Moses, for a Mr. Tiffin, of Ohio, and was the first three-story brick building put up in the city. T. W. Cloney, on Main street, put up two brick buildings; the Methodist Church on Ohio street was built; also the brick residence of Elias Bixby, on the southwest corner of Third street and Washington avenue. In the spring of this year the Independent Press, a Democratic weekly newspaper, was started by the Lingle Bros., with Dr. Logan Clark as editor. On the present site of the Garrison House was erected the McKissock House, a spacious, handsome and substantial Irame hotel, depot and eating house. Cyrus Newkirk and Col. A. D. Jaynes founded the first National Bank, with a capital of $100,000. The bank was opened in a small frame building on the west side of Ohio, just north of the site of the present building. The first Baptist Church was completed early in the spring, with the Rev. E. T. Brown, the founder of East Sedalia, as pastor. The first church concerts for the benefit of the Episcopal and the Baptist Churches were given in June and July. On May 28, 1866, the first greatest political meeting held in the county since the war was held in Sedalia. The scene of the meeting was the present Court House Square, which was then an open prairie covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and in the extreme southern suburbs of the city. This was the meeting of the Conservative, or Democratic element. It was addressed by Gen. Frank P. Blair, Col. Thos. L,. Price, and Col. Thos. T. Crittenden. This was the beginning of the Congres- sional campaign in the Fifth Missouri District. Gen. Blair was opposed to harsh measures against the late Confederates, to the Drake Constitution, and to Thos. C. Fletcher and the State Administration. On this occasion Col. Crittenden is reported as saying: " I am for justice, freedom and equality, and the white man all the time." The bitterness of feeling engendered by the war was still so intense that there was danger at any moment of the soldiers who had fought on one side or the other coming into conflict when meeting on such occasions as this. There was a large crowd present on this occasion. Gen. Blair, who was a brave Union soldier, was now in political harmony with the men against whom he had recently fought, and denouncing those who had been his comrades in arms. The question as to whether he was right or wrong has nothing to do with this mere statement of facts. Maj. Bacon Montgomery, the first editor in the county, and a brave Union soldier, was there. Capt.Jim Turley, an old comrade of Montgomery, an old resident of Pettis County, and an old Federal soldier, a man of the most reckless courage and determined character, was there also. During Gen. Blair's speech he made some statement, regarding the past, that Maj. Mont- gomery considered either utterly untrue, or intentionally one-sided. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 469 Montgomery arose in the crowd and interrupted Gen. Blair, questioned the correctness of the statement made by him, and asked him to answer several questions bearing on the subject. It seems that Gen. Blair did not recognize who the speaker was. In the heat of public speech he hurled some bitter and scathing sarcasm at those who interrupted, in which he referred insultingly to " home soldiers and militiamen." Turley and Montgomery were in the volunteer service and had splendid army records. There was a stir and a murmur ; an ominous movement of men feeling around for their revolvers, a press in one or two directions of men trying to get close to their leaders, and every one expected a bloody con- flict was on hand. Fortunately some cool-headed man whispered into Gen. Blair's ear that he had made a grave mistake, and he made a frank explanation and apology. This settled the matter. The Times, a straight, partisan Republican paper, says of the meeting: " All the Rebels in Pettis County were present at the Frank Blair meeting last Monday, just as we predicted." The editors of the respec- tive party newspapers still spoke of each other as " damned Yankees " and "infernal Rebels." These facts are mentioned as the essential element, if history is truth. On July 23d, the great Republican meeting was held, as an offset to the other meeting of the' opposite element. This gathering was held in the Woolridge grove and court house square. A huge flag-pole had been erected on court house square, and from it floated the flag of the United States. The Union and Radical element complained because there was no such flag visible at the Democratic meeting. This was the Congressional Convention of the Fifth District. Governor Fletcher and nearly all the State officers were present. Gen. Geo. R. Smith was chairman of the convention. Col. Jas. L. McClurg was nominated as a candidate for Congress. The Radical papers represent that there were 10,000 people present. The other side represent that the number was considerably less. Col. Baker, of Boonville, Attorney- General Wingate, and Col. Stover, were the principal speakers. The whole multitude took dinner on the grounds, at Woolridge's grove. At night there was a meeting around the flag-staff, on the court house square. While the meeting was in progress some one on the outside of the ground fired at the flag. The town was only a small one as yet, and the roughest and the most violent element were still in the ascendency. In speaking of this affair, in which a man named Wick Woods was shot, the paper says: "We have been unable to learn the exact origin of the affray on last Monday night, (July 23d). In the evening Fred Meyers was yelling for Andy Johnson, and continued to do so unnoticed. Later in the evening Wick Woods and some of his associates had high words with Radicals, in which, we learn, yells for Andy Johnson and Jeff. Davis, 470 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. and curses upon the same individuals were interspersed. Still later, a party of disorderly, drunken, and disloyal persons marched up Ohio street and fired on the flag floating over the square, where the multitude was assem- bled listening to the orators of the evening. The whistling of the bullets was heard by many of the crowd, and some of the Radicals started out to see the meaning of the shooting. The party firing was met on Ohio street, near White's lumber yard (where White's hall now stands), and there the two parties exchanged shots to the number of twenty-one, result- ing in the shooting of Woods. " The ball, we learn, entered a little below the left shoulder, in front, and was cut out by the surgenn a little below the right shoulder behind. We learn that one of the notorious Beckley's of St. Clair County was on the street armed before dark, and with the party shooting at the flag at night." This evidence is from a strictly partisan source, but there is no doubt about the essential facts. Woods was a reckless, drunken man, with a band of simi- lar friends, and it is not probable that the best element in the community countenanced such proceedings, though they could not prevent them, except by a more heroic effort than they were inclined to put forth. Young Beckley afterward called on the editor and testified that he was with the crowd; that no one fired on the flag, and that no one on his side was armed but Wick Woods. This is also partisan testimony, but does not alter the essential fact: that there was a shooting affray that night, and that it grew out of the still unsettled war feeling, and that Sedalia was still far from the state of enlightenment and stability which it has now reached. These two meetings and the incidents connected with them are men- tioned at some length, because they were indices of the condition of the town and the people. The County Medical Society was this year in active operation. It had been started in Georgetown, was revived in 1865, and was now an active body. This year an ordinance was passed and Ohio street was graded and macadamized between Ohio and Kentucky. The first work of the kind done. In the summer there was a meeting of the Tebo & Neosho R. R. Co., subsequently the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, to con- sider the matter of raising further subscription in Sedalia to build the line of road from Sedalia to Fort Scott, Kan. There had been much agitation of the subject previous to this meeting which was held July 7, 1866. At this meeting were present Gen. Geo. R. Smith, Col. Jno. F. Philips, Maj. William Beck, Col. A. D. Jaynes, (afterwards treasurer of the M., K. & T. R. R. Co.) Chan. P. Townsley, Jas. G. Tesch, W. A, Reese and H. R. Dobyns. It was reported that $70,000 had already HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 471 been subscribed by Sedalia; $10,000 was subscribed at this meeting and it was one of the most enthusiastic meetings held for this purpose. Before the meeting adjourned a proposition to contribute $125,000 in all to aid in the building was passed amidst much enthusiasm. The people of that day were sharp and active. At another meeting held in Sedalia, July 16, 1866, there were present: Thos. L. Wilson, president; Jno. F. Philips,, vice-president ; Clifton Wood, treasurer ; W. Weaver, secretary ; R. Allen, W. L. Ayery, Jas. G. Tesch and Chas. I. Robards, directors. Col. Philips moved that there be a call made for five per cent, of the amount of stock subscribed. On the next day, July 17, 1866, committees were appointed to solicit subscriptions in all the counties along the proposed line. Jas. G. Tesch was appointed for Pettis County. Col. Philips pre- sented the following resolution which was passed: Resolved, That the call for five per cent, on stock subscribed is predi- cated upon the express understanding that this road shall connect with the Pacific Railroad at Sedalia, Mo., and terminate at Fort Scott, Kan. This was framed as an intelligent lawyer would word it, and decided the question as to Sedalia. The detailed history of this railroad is given elsewhere in the history. In the winter of 1866 the Christian Church was completed. In the latter part of December, 1866, the Ohio street M. E. Church was completed. R. H. Moses was the builder, assisted by Mr. Hubbard. On Christmas Eve, 1866, the ladies of this church gave a fine entertain- ment for the building fund of the church. In the corner stone of this church, in a sealed jar, are copies of the two papers then published in the city; the list of names of all those who contributed to build the church; the history of the organization of the congregation and other interesting data. The building was not ready for occupancy until sometime later. Col. John F. Philips was Mayor of the city. during this year. He was one of the candidates for Congress, aided by the Union element, but was defeated for the nomination. The Congregational Church was almost completed in December, 1866; at that time it was away out in the suburbs and there was only one house on the west side of Ohio street, from the Ilgenfritz block to the church. Sedalia Lodge, No. 236, A. F. & A. M., was in active working order in this year, G. R. Kull, W. M. The I. O. G. T. had an organization, of which P. G. Stafford was the chief officer. Neapolis Lodge, No. 153, I. O. G. T., was organized and in active working order, Dr. Thomas T. Montgomery, N. G. Gen. Bacon Montgomery was Supervisor of Registration of voters. 472 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The Sedalia Brewery, F. Zelleken proprietor, had been started in 1865, and was making excellent beer. In August, 1866, a Fair Association was formed: Maj. William Gentry was elected President; Cols. Jno. F. Philips, A. D. Jaynes and Capt. F. L. Parker, Vice Presidents; Dr. J. F. Tobias, Secretary, and O. Harris, Treasurer. The place chosen for holding the fair was near the " Big Spring, " on the same spot where they are now. On the farm of Clif- ton Woods, grounds of a temporary character were prepared and a fair was held in the following September. This was the first fair that was held in the county after the war. When the last one was held at Georgetown the site of Sedalia was open prarie land. In November, the county officers were elected and all of them were Radicals. The talk and conduct of citizens previous to the election had been extreemly reckless and bitter. The registration law was in force and ex-Confederates could not vote. P. G. Stafford, editor of the Times, was elected Representative to the Legislature; W. H. Porter, Sheriff; Bacon Montgomery for Circuit Clerk; S. A. Yankee, County Clerk; Florence Crandall, Recorder of Deeds; J. G. Beck, Treasurer; C. C. Crawford, Assessor; William I. Pace, Surveyor; John S. Cochrane, W.P.Jack- son, Supervisor of Registration. This was another new era in the county and city. After the election, previous to which the people had been kept in a perfect turmoil and passion by the savage partisanism of their respec- tive newspapers, the public mind became quiet and thought only of business. Then it was that two of the journalistic gladiators laid off their armour and quit the pencil battle. Dr. Logan Clark retired from the position of editor of the Independent Press, and Mr. Stafford, having been elected as Radical Representative to the State Legislature, sold his interest in the Times to Jas. G. Magann, who became sole editor and proprietor. In the summer of '66 the Sedalia Lyceum held meetings. This was the first organization of a literary character in the city, and it was one of the first evidences of a desire for intellectual culture among the people. The business duties of life in a new town and the absorbing subject of politics in this transition period after the war, occupied the minds of the people. But this was an indication that the inhabitants had begun to weary of the old and bitter thoughts and feelings of the past, and yearned for something else. Dr. John W. Trader and Dr. Thomas J. Montgomery were the most active workers in awakening and keeping alive an interest in this organization. All the professional men in the city, at different times, attended the meetings and took part in the debates. Another important event in the social life of the city was the organiza- tion of the "Sedalia Dramatic Society," and the first performance given by it, Monday night, Nov. 19, 1866, in the upper room of the present Bazoo office, which had been but a short time completed. The members of the HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 473- company were all amateurs. Mr. William Latour organized, trained and managed the company, and the organization is still in existence under the name of the "Thespeans," and under the management of the original founder and leading actor, Mr. Latour. The other members of the com- pany were Laura Hall, now Mrs. L. L. Highleyman, Laura Dake, Josephine Lyon, L. L. Bridges, W. W. S. Snoddy, George Townsley, H. P. Townsley, E. H. Reinish, L. A. White, Charles Dake and William F_ White. On the opening night the play of " Temptation " was given, and this was the first dramatic or theatrical entertainment ever given in Sedalia. Persons who saw this company, seventeen years ago, say that its per- formances were full of spirit, and that the orignal members have never been surpassed by any who have belonged to the body since. Col. W. W. S. Snoddy delivered the opening address on this occasion, and it was a fine effort. Four more additions were made to the city in 1866, as follows: Cotton Brothers' First Addition, April, 1866.' Lyons' Addition, April 20, 1866. Cotton Brothers' Second Addition was laid off in July, 1866. Heard's Addition, in East Sedalia, was laid off Aug, 1, 1866. These additions were not only laid off, but there was an active and steadily increasing demand for the lots. One year before an acre of land could have been bought for just about the price that the choice lots now sold for, that is $100. It was in the early part of this year that the money-order department was established in the Sedalia postoffice. This is one of the best evidences of the rapid advance the town had begun to make, and of the increase of all kinds of business. the years 1867-1868-1869. Within the past twenty-five years the newspaper has become the most perfect mirror of the times and the place in which it is published. The newspaper photographs, as it were, not only the acts but the thoughts and feelings of the people ; and the file of a weekly or daily newspaper is like a consecutive line of pictures, a panoramic view of the people and the place, week by week, or day by day. A glance at the files of the Sedalia newspapers for the year 1867 reveals two very plain facts, at least to the practiced eye and mind of the jour- nalist. In the first place people were evidently occupied with work. The bit- ter partisan spirit shown by the Radical and the Democratic papers has almost disappeared, and it only crops out occasionally. They talk about buildings and railroads, churches, schools, street improvements, fairs, the 474 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. stream of immigration which is flowing into the State and town. They both talk " business." Passion and prejudice, though not dead, have gone to sleep. During the year 1867 there was an immense amount of building done for a town of the size. The partial list of buildings given elsewhere will show this. The first public shool was completed; the second great rail- road project was actually started towards completion ■■; the first successful effort to awaken the pride and dormant energies of the farmers of the county was made by holding a good agricultural fair, and the law-loving and law-abiding element in r the community, driven beyond the limits of the written law, wrote the death warrant of lawlessness in letters of blood. This is the summing up of the history of that year. The year 1867 was made memorable^ between Jan. 1 and May 1, by two terrible tragedies. One of them was the killing of Andy Forbes by William P.Jackson, the City Marshal; and the other was the hanging in March of Joe Woods, by a mob. Both of these events were significant. "They decided that the town thereafter should be ruled by the spirit of law, and by law-abiding citizens, and they gave the death blow to the spirit of lawlessness and ruffianism which was dominant for the years pre- vious in the neWly established towns in Missouri,. and, in' fact in all the west where railroads were built. The story of the most important of these tragic transactions will be first told, though it occurred several months later than the other. Joe Woods belonged to one of the oldest and most respectable families of the county, but while still a> young man he began a course of drinking and dissipation, such as is sure to develop the worst passions and impulses of human nature. He was a man of violent temper, strong passions and desperate resolution. He was a man of powerful build; thick and heavy set, and possessed of almost gigantic strength. During the wild and demoralizing times of the war he became associated with a number of men, boon companions, who were as reckless as himself. He was quiet and inoffensive when sober, but when under the influence of drink, and on one of his frequent and periodical sprees, he seemed changed into a perfect devil incarnate. He and his gang were the terror of the town; and they had been engaged in many desperate brawls. When any of them were on a spree it was as much as a man's life was worth to come in contact with them, unless he was well armed and ready to fight, with or without cause, or submit to any indignity they might be inclined to heap upon him. Some time in March, about the 27th, Woods got on one of his regular sprees, and drank until he was perfectly frenzied^ and all the evil in his nature aroused. He went into the saloon of Joseph Gimer;a quiet, good natured German, which was located on the south side of Main street, about the middle of the block. He knocked the bar-keeper down, HISRTOY OF SEDALIA. 475 476 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. and struck two strangers who were in the room. He then went into the grocery store of Rod. Gallie, which was next door. Gimer was not in the saloon at the time, but in a few moments chanced to come along, when he met Woods at the door of the grocery. He and Woods spoke, and Gimer said, in a conciliatory manner, that as he and Woods had always been on friendly terms, the latter ought not to go into his saloon and cre- ate disturbances. Gimer then walked east on Main street, towards his saloon. When he had got a few step from Woods the latter drew his revolver and deliberately shot Gimer in the back. Gimer staggered into the door of his saloon, fell on his face, and was stone dead in a few min- utes. This deed was witnessed by a number of reliable men who are still living in this city. After the shooting Woods went to the Leet Hotel, corner of Main and Moniteau, now the Lindell Hotel, and said he would kill any man who attempted to arrest him. Capt. Jim Turley, Policeman Moses, and others went to the hotel. Woods was in an up stairs room. A man named Cantrell went up with a gun in his hand, and captured him. Woods was first taken to the sheriff's office. He sent for Capt. L. L. Bridges, and told him that he had $1,000 that he would give him if he would defend him on his trial. Woods was then taken to "The Cooler," which was then located about where the rear of D. I. Holcomb's china store now is, on the alley back of Main street. Six men were placed to guard him. "The Cooler" was a two-story building built of heavy logs, with "chinking" between them. It was a very strong building and was used during and after the war as a guard house, and city prison. It derived its name "The Cooler" from the fact that the cool prairie winds swept freely between the logs, and cooled off the angry passions of any one who was so unfortunate as to be placed in it. Maj. A. P. Morey was then the deputy sheriff in charge, and Woods was left in his care. A warrant had not yet been sworn out for Wood's commitment. In the meantime a coroner's jury had been summoned and was holding its session in Gimer's saloon. By this time it was half past eight o'clock. The night was dark and tempestuous, and the mud throughout the town ankle deep. John Walde, the constable of the township, came to the cooler with a formal warrant for the custody of Woods, and presented it. Woods was turned over to him and Maj. Morey left the jail. Exactly what happened after that was never known except to the actors, and never inquired into by the community. The following statements seemed to be pretty well understood as correct: A body of men, not exceeding twelve, and all armed to the teeth, went about twelve o'clock to the cooler. They got in some how in the dark- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 477 ness and silence. Woods was overpowered and his hands tied. There were evidences about the place that there had been a deadly struggle and a hard fight before he was overcome. It is believed that he was knocked senseless with revolver butts before he was overcome. One supposition is that a rope was put around his neck, tied to the axle of a buggy, and that he was dragged to the scene of his execution, the arch of the gate- way over Wm. Bloess' lumber yard, northwest of the present Garrison House. At any rate, his dead body, bruised and scratched, and without a stitch of clothing on it, was found the next morning hanging from the arched gateway of the lumber yard. It froze hard that night, and in the frozen mud could be traced the footsteps of the midnight avengers, and a. broad streak which looked as if the body of a man had been dragged through the soft mud the night previous. Some one who first saw the naked body in the morning had pinned a sheet around it. The coroner's jury decided that he came to his death by the hands of parties unknown. It is probable that Wood's executioners could have been discovered had the matter been investigated closely, but the work of the mob, or Judge Lynch, was regarded as a deed of justice. Many people seemed to think that it was one of those cases where the safety of the people was the highest law. Confidential friends will now hint to each other the names of the men who hanged Woods for the murder of Gimer, but there is no evidence now extant that would warrant the publication of the names of the suspected parties. After this, the first and the last session of the court of Judge Lynch, the town was more quiet; there were fewer deeds of violence; less dispo- sition to carry or draw deadly weapons ; and, though mob law is the most dangerous thing that can exist in a free country, this act seemed to have a decided and unmistakably beneficial influence upon the whole commu- nity. The story of the other affair will be found narrated below, and both are given as evidences of the conditions of society at that time. Andv Forbes was killed earlier in the season. Men who knew him from boyhood considered him a dangerous and desperate man, especially when drinking. He was still a young and not a large man, and had been in Col. Jno. F. Philips' regiment. He came to town one day with a lot of his comrades and got on " a big drunk." He and his companions declared " that they had come to town for the express purpose of raising hell," and they immediately proceeded to do it in the most approved style known to the desperados of that time. Forbes passed Marshal Jackson on the street in the morning and told him that he, Forbes, was going to do as he pleased and that he was not going to be arrested by anybody, especially 18 478 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. by any member of the Jackson family. He and his comrades had several fights during the day, while the city marshal was out in the country. They finally went to the livery stable of Capt. F. L. Parker, north of the present Garrison House, drove every one out of the place and did as they pleased. Forbes' clothes were torn, and he and several of his friends, who had been fighting among themselves, were smeared with blood. It was now about half past three o'clock in the afternoon and the gang had been " running things" the whole day. W. P. Jackson, the city marshal, came in from the country, accompanied by a man named Davis. He rode past the stable and was told what had been going on. When Forbes saw' him as he came to the door of the stable he said to Jackson:, " If you get ofF that horse I'll kill you." Jackson got off his horse. Forbes started to come towards him with a knife in his hand. Jackson had no arms, and must either flee or fight. At this critical moment Davis stepped up and handed Jackson a revolver. Forbes still continued to advance on Jackson. When he was within a few steps of the officer the latter leveled his revolver at him and shot him in the body three times, killing him almost instantly. With this same revolver S. S. Homans, a deputy sheriff, afterwards shot a man who was resisting arrest and advancing on him with an uplifted ax. A coroner's jury was summoned and they rendered a verdict that Forbes was killed while resisting an officer and that Jackson had acted in self defense. These are about the facts of the case, but there was a division of public sentiment, a minority of the community thinking that Forbes ought not to have been killed. The preliminary steps for the establishment of the public school system were taken in 1866. In March of that year, the Legislature passed an act authorizing incorporated towns and chartered cities, to become separate school districts. A number of prominent citizens of Sedalia, headed by Maj. William Beck, began in the spring of 1866, to agitate this matter. These citizens worked among the people until the city council passed a special ordinance ordering an election to be held on Aug. 29, 1866, when the question as to whether the public school system should be adopted in Sedalia, was submitted to a vote of the people. The proposi- tion was favored by a large vote. In September following, the first board of education was elected. It consisted of the following gentlemen: Wm. Beck, Florence Crandall, A. Ensell, Dr. Thos. J. Montgomery, E. "W. Washburn, and Wm. Bloess. On September 19th, the officers of the board were elected, as. follows: President, E. W. Washburn; Treasurer, Wm. Beck; Secretary, F. Cran- dall. Nothing further was done in a formal manner until March 19, 1867. On this date the board met, and it was decided to issue $25,000 worth of city bonds, the proceeds of which were to be used in the erection of public school buildings. At a subsequent meeting the sum was increased to HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 479 $30,000, the bonds to bear ten per cent interest. These bonds were easily- disposed of at eighty-seven and one-half cents on the dollar. The entire half square on the south side of Broadway, west of Kentucky street, now occupied by the Broadway School, was purchased for the sum of $2,250. Efforts were now made to secure the best plans for a building. The board finally concluded to erect it themselves. A. Ensell and Wm. Bloess, not agreeing with the plans of the majority of the board, resigned. Maj. A. C. Marvin and Col. Richard Ritter, were elected to fill their places. The erection of the large two story Broadway building was begun in the fall, and by Feb. 10, 1867, it was ready for occupancy. It cost about $24,000. This was the magnificent beginning of one of the finest systems of public schoolsin the State, outside of St. Louis. In 1869, the Franklin School building was erected at a cost of $10,000. In 1873, the Washington School, a frame, was built at a cost of $5,000. Richard Ritter and F. Crandall, were the building committee. On Jan. 1, 1867, J. M. Byler, real estate agent, and Colton Bros, and Reese, began the publication of a large real estate monthly newspaper, filled with facts, figures and arguments, to induce immigration to Missouri. It was called the Sedalia Advertiser. During the last six months of the year it was edited and managed by Byler alone, and published at the Times office. On Monday, Feb. 8, 1867, one of the landmarks of Sedalia, disappeared in a cloud of flame. It has been repeatedly published that the old Sedalia House was burned in the fall of 1866. It was not burned until the above date in 1867. It was the oldest hotel building in the town, and had passed unharmed through all the dangers and vicissitudes of war. At the time it was burned it was occupied by a lot of tenants and families, and was not used as a hotel. The occupants barely escaped with their lives. In the early part of this year, Perry Hawes, of Xenia, O., came to the city and bought a half interest in the Times. He had been raised in a newspaper office, was a practical editor, a man of fine mind and education, and he made a great improvement in the paper. He was subsequently appointed postmaster, and held the office eight years. This was one of the great building years. Seventy-five buildings were in course of erection and repairs, and additions were being place on others. It was during this year that the First National Bank erected the build- ing now occupied by them. Though the first brick building in the town it to-day has no superior in the city for strength and stability. Messrs. Jaynes and Newkirk watched its construction continually and never let a weak piece of material go into it. It cost about $30,000. Broadway was laid out and the first tree planted on it this year. 480 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The Ilgenfritz Opera House was built on Ohio street. It was subse- quently burned. In 1867 Bacon Montgomery was Brigadier General of Militia and in command of the Second Missouri District. He had been stationed at Lex- ington with a considerable force in the early part of the year. Lafayette County was the last to settle down to peace. During the last year of the war, Gen. Montgomery had killed a young desperado in Lexington, named Arch Clemens. In February the forces were withdrawn. A short time after Gen. Montgomery was arrested for the killing of Clemens, taken to Jefferson City and subsequently released. Here the matter was dropped. Although Sedalia was a most thriving and progressive town at this time, the social manners and customs were still of the "free and easy" character, which is inseparable from life in the far west. An incident which occurred in July of this year, will best illustrate this fact, and. it will probably be remembered by every man who was at the time a resi- dent of the city, as long as he lives. A popular saloon in the city was at that time located about the spot now occupied by Rod Gallie's grocery store. Three prominent city officers, a United State officer and two well known lawyers, met in a back room at this saloon on the morning of July 3d, 1867, to perfect arrangements for the celebration of the Fourth of July. When they had settled their formal business they called for " sherry cobblers, " as the temperature was torrid. They continued to call for the same seductive combination until all were in a joyous and mischievous humor. One of the party, a man of gigantic stature, and a prominent lawyer, wore a long linen duster, the tails of which hung in flowing drap- ery over each side of the seat of his chair. Another member of the party got behind him, caught the sweeping tails of the coat in either hand ; gave a mighty jerk and split the garment clear up the back. The lawyer arose, caught hold of his antagonist and after a hard struggle — both being men of splendid strength — succeeded in tearing his friends coat into shreds and tatters. By this time all had joined in the sport. They locked the doors of the room they were in, and went at the work of retaliation with a vengence. They pulled and tugged at each other for a half an hour, racing around the room and over-turning chairs' and tables, -amidst shouts of laughter, until there was not a man in the room that had a piece of clothing on him big enough to cover a three weeks old baby! By this time every man was covered only with perspiration and they desisted from their fun. The proprietor was sent for and requested to go to C. E. Smith's clothing store, which was near by, and have a new suit of cloth- ing sent down for each of the party. Smith knew the stature of each one in the party and in a few minutes sent down a large dry goods box full of clothing, on a dray. Each man was soon arrayed in a new suit, but HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 481 the big lawyer could not find a shirt large enough to cover his manly- form, and he had to content himself with a big standing collar and a bril- liant cravat as a subtitute for this very necessary under garment. It is quite probable that if the gentlemen who now occupy such promi- nent official and social positions as those then did, were to now engage in such a rollicing frolic, the press would assault them and articles of impeachment would be filed. It was considered a gigantic joke in those days . The following is a list of minor events of the year: J. West Goodwin printed a Gazetterand Directory of the Union Pacific Railroad, containing descriptions of railroads, towns, &c. On the first Sunday in March the basement room of the Ohio street M. E. Church was formally dedicated. Maj. A. C. Marvin, Provost Marshal of Sedalia during the war, and after the war, proprietor of the Marvin House, a man of recognized ability, identified with all the important projects of the city, and a man in whose probity and intelligence the entire community had confidence, was elected president of the Tebo & Neosho R. R. Co., and actually started the Work of construction. Col. A. D. Jaynes and Gen. Geo. R. Smith, e at a great railroad meeting held in July, were appointed a committee to visit Chicago in the interest of this railroad scheme. In February there was a meeting to organize a Fire Company. They then had some kind of a hand engine and ladders. On Feb. 23, the Fire Company and Hook and Ladder Company had a parade. The. McKissock House, under the management of Jas. O. Ives, was completed early in the Summer. Late in the Summer the grading and macadamizing of Ohio street was completed to Fifth street. Very nearly $50,000 was put into church buildings during the year. Among the prominent business men whose names appear in the paper are those of W. S. Mackey, L. N. Guild* Peter Brandt; W. A. Winzen- burg, W. W. Cecil, Jno. Burkhart, F. L. Robbins, Jno. Kullmer, G. L. Lagden, Wm. Inch, E. Lamy. On the 26th of April the Odd Fellows of the city had a grand celebra- tion and a royal feast at the McKissock House. Among the additional new brick buildings put up in the summer were those of Elias Laupheimer; Major Beck, corner Main and Osage; Louis Kumm, Main street; Clifton Wood, Hall & Beiler, several on the burned district mentioned hereafter, and the Broadway school building. This year the people and the newspapers began to call for a - Court House, a City Hall, a jail, additional sewerage, more side walks and the grading and macadamizing of Osage arid Kentucky streets. The City 482 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Council took up the question of building a City Hall, Market House, &c; and the additional question, whether the city should take $30,000 in bonds of the Tebo & Neosho Railroad. Late in the summer a special election to submit these two questions to a vote of the people was ordered. Both questions were carried by the following vote. Whole numler of votes cast on the R. R. bond question, 235; for, 212; against, 23. For issuing bonds to erect City Hall, &c: total vote cast, 211; for, 182; against, 29. The Publishers' Convention of the Fifth Congressional District met in the city during the summer,and this was probably the first meeting of news- paper editors and publishers ever held in Central Missouri, the first ever held in Sedalia and the first held in Central Missouri since the beginning of the war. There were representatives present from the papers of Kan- sas City, Independence, Holden, Pleasant Hill, California, Warrensburg, Boonville, Marshall, Clinton, Jefferson City, Warsaw, Osceola, and Lexing- ton ; much important business was done and uniform rates for legal and other advertising agreed upon. There was a special meeting of the same body again in October. June 15th the following officers of the Fair Association were elected: Wm. Gentry, president; Jno. F. Philips, Thos. F. Houston, F. L. Parker, vice-presidents; Col. A. D. Jaynes, treasurer ; Dr. Tobias, secretary; the officers above, Jno. M. Sneed, Wm. PafFand others, directors. On Sept. 30th a very good fair was held and a large list of premiums offered. W. A. O'Brian, of Troy, N. Y., visited the city and proposed to build a, Gas Works if a joint stock company was formed. He did not succeed then in accomplishing his object, but from that on the question was agi- tated until works were put up. The first base ball club was organized, and among its members were Maj. A. P. Morey, Ben. Lyon, E. H. Renish, and John Scheer. C. P. Anderson of the Central Missourian, at California, Mo., threat- ened to bring a lible suit for $10,000 against the Sheldon Times. Col. Richard Retter was appointed County Road Commissioner, S. S. Vinton, Public Administrator. Jas. M. Swan, a railroad man, was killed at the depot while coupling cars. This was the first man killed there that the records show. He was a Mason. Wm. B. Wallace, a prominent Odd Fellow, died this summer. About the eighth of August burglars broke into C. G. Taylor's jewelry store, blew the door of the safe open, and got away with over $5,000 in jewelry and money. It was in this summer that a Gypsy woman swindled Mr. Reeves, of Georgetown, out of $6,000 in cash. She represented to him that she could tell him where there was a gold mine on his farm if he would get $6,000 to hold while she made her incantations. Reeves bor- rowed $1,000 from his brothers, mortgaged his farm to Reece Hughes for $5,000, and got the cash. The woman tied the money in a package HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 483 for him to hold in his hand. She substituted a similar package for him to hold and carried off the one with the money in it. This is the largest swindling operation ever known in Central Missouri. In September a special election was held to decide whether $60,000 in bonds should be issued to build a court house and county jail. The propo- sition was carried. On the night of Nov. 6, 1867, occurred the most destructive fire that had thus far befallen the city. The loss was estimated at the time at $90,000. In this fire, all the buildings on the north side of Main street, from the middle of the block, westward to Osage street, and the hand- some and spacious McKissock House, which was also the depot, were consumed, with a great portion of their contents. The fire originated in the grocery store of C. P. Childs. The people had nothing but a hand fire engine, and cisterns to draw water from. There was a brisk breeze; most of the buildings were frame, and in a very few moments the half- block was beyond the power of salvation. The following buildings were burned: C. P. Childs, grocer, stock, loss, $3,500; Geo. Sugden, house, loss, $2,500; Grossbeck & Phillips, dry goods, stock, loss, $18,000; insur- ance, $15,000; E. Lamy, brick building, loss, $5,000; insurance, $2,000; Strauss & Guttman, on stock, $10,000; covered by insurance; Lohman's brick block damaged $800 ; Marvin House, furniture, $200 ; Chas. Lyon, billiard hall and saloon, loss, $2,200, insurance, $1,200 ; L. Kumm, damage to house, $600; Weiller Bros., livery stable, damage, $300; insured Chas. Yost, saloon and stock, total loss, $3,000, insurance, $1,300 Winzenburg & Co., tobacconists, stock, $3,000, insurance, $1,500 Bellas' building totally destroyed, insured; Jno. Montgomery, Jr., Asst. U. S. Collector; Maj. Richard Penny, U. S. Inspector, all books and papers lost; other buildings, loss, $3,500; McKissock House, $15,000; Kleiner & Co., liquors, loss, $1,000; Stewart & Jenkins, loss, $1,500; Independent Press, office, loss,. $3,000, insurance, $2,000; Silver Cornet Band instruments, $500; Merchants Union Express Office, $5,000; Jas. O. Ives, furniture in McKissock House, $6,000, insured. The original fire was on Main street, and swept southward for a time, long enough for the flames to damage houses on the south side of the street. The second period of the fire was when it swept north, and the flames were communicated .to the McKissock House. This building was new, built of strong, fresh pine lumber, and those who saw it when it was com- pletely enveloped in flames, say that it made the most magnificent con- flagration ever witnessed in Sedalia. The list of losses and insurance are given to show the character of the buildings in the city at that time, the amounts of stock carried, and the proportion of insurance. This great fire brought about a great change. After that a steam fire engine was procured, and all the large business houses erected were built of brick. 484 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. In a month after this fire there were over one hundred men at work on the grounds, engaged in the preliminary work of erecting brick blocks. The people were too full of energy and ambition in those days to waste time in idle repining. For two or three years the people had been talked to about the build- ing of the railroad from Sedalia to Fort Scott. Many preliminary meet- ings had been held. Maj. A. C. Marvin, Gen. George R. Smith, Col. A. D. Jaynes, Cyrus Newkirk, Col. Jno. F. Philips and other prominent citizens had worked actively for the cause. In 1867, when Maj. Marvin was elected president of the Tebo and Neosho Railroad Company, the principal advocates of the scheme, the subscribers to the stock, and the people at large, felt satisfied that now something would be done that was tangible. In July, 1867, the following amounts had actually been sub* scribed for the road: Bourbon County, Kansas, $150,000; Henry County^ 'Mo., $150,000; Sedalia, $50,000; private subscriptions, $60,000; Ft. Scott, Kas., $50,000; Clinton, Mo., $25,000. Total $615,000. On July 15, T. W. Wilson, former president of the road with a force of men, was in the suburbs of the city awaiting the formal "breaking of the ground," which had been fixed for Sept. 18, 1867. On this date there wMs a splendid demonstration in honor of that very important occasion. Gen. Blair of Kansas, Col. Philips and others of the leading workers in the good cause, made speeches which did much to encourage the people to aid the work in future. In December this year, several miles were graded out from Sedalia. Six miles were graded near Clinton, and a considerable distance graded from Ft. Scott, Kansas. The history of this and other railroads is treated under a separate head. During this year the Masons, the oldest secret organization in the city, moved into their new hall, in the second story of the First National Bank building, which had been completed. The following additions were made to the area of the city during this year: Lesher Brothers' addition was laid off March 7, 1867. McVey Brothers' addition was laid off March 26, 1867. Woods' addition was laid off July 2, 1867. Meyers' addition was laid off Sept. 7, 1867. In all these additions, lots were sold and a few houses erected, but the great bulk of buildings were still confined to the central portion of the town. Now that Sedalia had the actual work, of building a railroad to Fort Scott, Kansas, in progress, and enough money subscribed to pay all the present demands for work, the people began to think of another railroad project. When they had one thing well under way they seized on some HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 485 new project. In 1858, a charter had been granted to the Lexington and St. Louis Railroad Company, now commonly called the Lexington Branch Railroad, to build a line of road from the Pacific main line to Lex- ington on the Missouri River. When this company received its charter, it was supposed that the Missouri Pacific main line would run through Georgetown. Before the war, work was begun on this line, near Smith- town, and it was graded almost to Georgetown. The war stopped the work. In the fall of 1867, the question of starting this line from Sedalia was broached, and in the following spring the company was re-organ- ized. Shortly after the destruction of the Independent Press, the Demo- cratic newspaper, by the fire of the sixth of November, a company was organized to establish a new paper called the Democratic Press. The paper did not make its appearance, however, until the following January, 1868. The leaders in this move were, Col. A. C. Marvin, John P*. Thatcher, O. A. Crandall, E. C. Bouldin, and Dr. A. Y. Hull, and J. M. Sneed. During the year 1868, the city made rapid strides forward in material prosperity, and the year is rendered memorable by a number of impor- tant events, which have had a decided influence upon the ultimate success of the town, though they are devoid of the tragic element, and the liter- ary interest which attaches to the events of the year previous. Peace and law were established, except in strong localities. The great influx of men from other States, professional and business men and farmers, was at its full tide. Two of the real estate firms of that period claimed that during the latter part of 1867, and the early part of 1868, that they sold $100,000 worth of city and county property. The wholesale trade, which was now augmented by the local demands of new settlers and the necessity of restoring everything lost in the war, was immense. This trade had rapidly increased ever since 1863, and it iiever ceased until the M. K. & T. (Tebo and Neosho) Railroad was com- pleted and in actual operation, ready to furnish all the southwest with supplies. The records of the court show that up to 1868, 1409 warrantee and quit claim deeds were recorded. The papers of that date, and they Were very probably correct, state that Staley, Vinton & Co., wholesale dry goods, etc., did a business of $400,000; that Stewart & Jenkins, wholesale hardware, agricultural implements and house furnishing goods, did a business of $400,000 per annum, and it is stated that the oldest firm of the town, Cloney, Crawford & Co., general dealers and commission merchants, did a business of $400,000. On January 3, the first issue of the Democratic Press made its appear- ance. It was run by a joint stock company, in which the Lingles, the 486 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. former proprietor.* of the Independent and the Sedalia Advertiser, were interested. Dr. A. Y. Hull was editor and business manager. The other important events of the year, summed up, are as follows: On January 27 the second great fire — exclusive of the burning of the Missouri Hotel in 1861 and the Sedalia House, 1867, occurred, and it destroyed $50,000 worth of property and the half block of frame buildings on the north side of Main street, from the centre of the block eastward to Ohio street. The first fire had destroyed the west half of the block. The Sedalia Savings Bank, with a capital of $50,000, was organized. The Sedalia Gas Light Company was organized and the building of the works begun. The Broadway school was opened and had an attendance of 500 pupils during the year. The beautiful Ilgenfritz Opera House, on Ohio street, was completed and opened, Dec. 21, by Geo. D. Chaplin, the actor; the Ives House was constructed as it now stands, (the Garrison House;) the building of Smith's Hall on Main street was begun and almost completed; a row of brick buildings was erected on the "burned district," previously mentioned, and numerous others in various promi- nent business localities; the people of the city and county voted to sub- scribe $100,000 more to the building of the T. & N. Railroad, and to aid in the building of the Lexington & St. Louis Railroad; the population of the town was increased nearly 40 per cent and at the end of the year was about 6,000; an important city election was hejd under a peculiar com- bination of men and parties, and the entire .Radical ticket elected ; the city purchased a new steam fire engine and organized a regular and efficient fire department. The Lexington & St. Louis Railroad Company was reorganized, propositions made and accepted which made Sedalia the southern terminus of the road, and the actual work of building it was begun. A history in detail ot each of these leading events, together with a mention of minor matters, will now be given. The great fire of January 27, originated in the dry goods store of L. S. Florsheim ; John B. Gallie, the city marshal, discovered it when it was in full progress, broke open the front door and permitted Mr. Florsheim to escape, which he did in his night clothing, and with barely time to save his life. The buildings were all of frame, and even the aid of two good fire engines, which the city did not have, could not have saved them. The buildings and stocks burned were those of Clifton Wood, Elias Laup- heimer, L. S. Florsheim, J. Nussberger & Co., Jno. W. Liebe, W. E. Bard, D. Levy & Bros., J. Wolf & Bros. The loss on the buildings was $10,000, on stocks about $b3,000, and the total loss above insurance was about $42,000. This was a calamity of sufficient magnitude to daunt any but determined and hopeful men. The Sedalia Savings Bank was started in February, by Mr. Mentor Thomson, Elisha Brown, formerly of Boonville, as the principal stock- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 487 holders, with a paid up capital of $50,000. Adam Ittel was the teller, and one of the early settlers of the city. The following buildings were either started or completed this season: Smith's Hall, those on the burnt district, two south of the present Bazoo office, Lesher's building on East Main, and at least twelve others, ot which record could not be found; all were two-story bricks. That year Henry Suess sold a house and lot on the southeast corner for $8,000. This will show the immense increase in the values of real estate since the close of the war. E. D. Winslow, who afterwards gained a world-wide reputation as the most collossal and unscrupulous swindler of the decade, was at that time a prominent business man of the city doing a large trade, " Wearing the livery of Heaven to serve the devil in." " At pious feasts he knelt among the saints, and with his wicked hands touched holy things." His fine intelligence, business acumen and success made him popular, respected, and gained him the confidence of a free-hearted community. His evil record was not made until later. On Jan. 11, 1868, the county court ordered a special election, the date of which was finally fixed at May 12, for the purpose of submitting to a vote of the people the question of subscribing $100,000 to the T. & N. and the St. L. & Lex. R. R. schemes. A Young Men's Christian Association was formed in the summer. The I. O. G. T. took possession of a large hall on West Main street, for their regular place of meeting. On March 5, Gen. Bacon Montgomery announced in the Times that he had purchased Mr. Magann's interest in that paper, and he became at once one of the editors. A city election was approaching and there seemed to be only one difference between the two parties, and only one plank to the platform of either. It was the old question of Union man and Con- federate. These matters are referred to only as a part of the true history of the town. There was bound to be more or less intensity of feeling. The Democratic paper talks of "Northerners, Yankees, Satraps, Nigger-lovers, Miscegenationists, Radical thieves, Fletcher's war dogs," and similar characters. The Radical paper terms its opponents, " Rebels, Traitors, Southern mud-sills, Secessionists, Copperheads." At the election in April, Gen. Mortgomery and Maj. Henry Suess, both of whom were Union soldiers, were the candidates for mayor. The straight Republicans supported Montgomery. Maj. Suess was on the "Fusion ticket," and it was supported by Conservative-Union men and ex-soldiers and Democrats, like Dr. Thos. J. Montgomery, Maj. A. C. Marvin, and Dr. A. Y. Hull. After a sharp contest, . Montgomery was elected by a majority of seventeen. One of the aldermen of that year, a Mr. Jamison, employed a very novel 488 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. method of " cleaning out " one of the deris of infamy, which even then began to infest the town. The officials of the present day may learn from the somewhat arbitrary and yet very effectual means employed by Mr. Jamison to " suppress vice " and cleanse the city of the stains of immor- ality, just what idea the city officers had of their own powers and authority. The people of the present day may also learn from the action of this municipal law-maker how extremely prompt and practical the councilmen were in those days in performing what they conceived to be their duty to their fellow citizens. This den ot infamy was a small frame house. The occupants and their associates had been guilty of the' most outrageous disorder. Mr. J. came down town one evening about eleven o'clock and quietly ordered out the splendid new $6,000 steam fire engine and the hose cart, with a thousand feet of hose. The fire department followed their leader. He stationed the engine near a large well, had the long line of hose run out, and the conspirators at the nozzle apprbached the house in silence and darkness. In a few moments more the sounds of revelry within were literally drowned beneath a magnificent flood of water poured into the house by the full force of the new engine. The house was cleaned Out. Someone who escaped, cut the new hose in two places. Mr. J. got "a good dose of newspaper," and had to pay for the repair of the hose, and thus it was that a great moral reformer had cold water thrown upon his enthusiasm because he threw cold water on immorality. On Dec. 1, 1 868, a list of only the principal business houses, which were erected that year, was prepared. It is as follows, and is the first " build- ing review ": Burkhart & Son, two-story brick, cost $4,500; John F. Antes, two- story brick, cost $8,000; Morrison, Kimbrough & Co., one two-story 1 brick, $25,000; Lohman & Co., two two-story bricks, $80,000; Julius Conrath, two-story brick, $15,000. All the following are two-story brick buildings: A. W. Winzenburg, $10,000; Charles Yost, $10,000; GeOrge Sugden, $7,000; E. Lamy, $8,000; Clifton Wood, $9,000; John J. Yeater, $15,000; I. Nussberger & Co., $20,000; Lieb & Houx, $10,000; W. E. Bard, $10,000; J. Wolf & Bro., $8,000; D. Levy & Bro., $8,000; George R. Smith (Smith's Opera House), $40,000; J. Landmann, $10,000; H. Lesher, $10,000; Randall & Ilgenfritz (Opera House), $25,000; O. A. Crandall, $7,000; W. W. Cecil, frame, $4,500. Total expended for brick business houses alone, $286,000. Two hundred private dwellings at an average of $500 each, $100,000. Amount spent on the improvement of the streets, &c, $78,000. Expefided in erecting gas Works, $30,000. Grand total for 1868, $494,000. It is fair to estimate that there were many miscellaneous improvements HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 489 which are not mentioned, hut would have been had the town been sub- jected to a personal canvass, as it now is, each year, by the Sedalia Demo- crat. This would bring the figures up to at least $500,000. On Nov. 28, the President of the Lexington and St. Louis Railroad, J. Lewis, met a number of the citizens of Sedalia. There were present: A. J. Sampson, Secretary; Gen. G. R. Smith, Col. Jaynes, C. Newkirk, Col. J. D. Crawford, Col. Marvin, Maj. Gentry, J. M. Sneed, Capt. Wm. Paff, D. H. Smith, Henry Suess, and a large number of other prominent men. Col. Lewis informed the meeting that Lafayette County was ready to issue $500,000 in bonds to aid in building the road as far as George- town, and that Sedalia would have to build the short piece between Seda- lia and Georgetown. A resolution was carried declaring that Sedalia would do this. Committees were then appointed to canvass each town- ship, to get all the citizens together in December and perfect plans to raise the money. At a later meeting in December it was determined to submit to a vote of the people the three propositions that Sedalia and Pettis County should subscribe $25,000 additional to complete the T. & N. road to the Henry County line, to subscribe $50,000 to build the Lexington & St. Louis Road to Muddy Creek, and $75,000 to build the N. E. extension of the T. & N. to the Cooper County line. Among minor events may be mentioned the following: Porter & Tesch opened a planing mill, the Leroy House was opened, S. S. Homans, a policeman, shot out the eye of a Malay, whom he was arresting, and while the man was attempting to kill him with an ax; Robt. Blythe hanged himself to tree near the brewery; C. F. Lohman & Co. shipped in June and July 516,000 pounds of lead from the city; Thomas Spotswood, of Calhoun, Mo., killed John H. Jones, of Ohio, by striking the latter in the back of the head with a stone while he was going home at night from a circus; John W. Patterson murdered J. G. Clark, just south of Sedalia, with a hatchet, robbed him of $400, was arrested in Sedalia, escaped before his trial and was not caught and hanged until 1881, at Clinton, Mo. ; Hoberecht & Bro. enlarged their mill; Gen. Grant dined at the Ives House in July; the first great torch light procession came oft* on the nom- ination of Burdett & Stover to Congress ; the Sedalia Turner Society was organized and an exhibition held, at which F. Kneckhous won first prize; William Korkhammer second, John Hennings third and Frank Sampson fourth; the third annual convention of the Pettis County Sunday Schools was held. During the latter part of the year there was intense excitment and activity over the Presidential election. The papers conducted the cam- paign with considerable personality. The Democratic Press published, many violent charges against Gen. Bacon Montgomery regarding his stern and positive measures in suppressing lawlessness in Lafayette 490 HISTORY OF SEDAMA. County, and the Times answered with scathing sarcasms upon the per- sonal character, political record, and educationaland literary attainments of Dr. A. Y. Hull. The first political cartoons were published during this campaign in the Times, and the blocks from which they were printed are still in some one of the newspaper offices of the city. One represents Andrew Johnson "overwhelmed by a sea of troubles ;" another repre- sents Gen. F. P. Blair as "on a bender;" a third shows Dr. A. Y. Hull "climbing a greased pole backward which is 1805 feet high," a feat he promised to perform if Grant was elected. During the year there was much talk of a Ku Klux Klan in the county, and it was claimed that several outrages were committed on the persons and property of Union men by the members of it. In December, Maj. A. P. Morey, Deputy Sheriff, arrested near Longwood John H. Bridge- ford and his brother on a charge of sending threatening letters to Union men. One of the members of the alleged gang turned against his com- rades and declared that some of the Klan had formed a plan to throw a passenger train off the track west of Sedalia, and then to rob the train. In this year J. West Goodwin founded the daily Bazoo, and begun its publication. On Jan. 11, 1868, Gen. Smith laid off the addition now called Lincolnville or Negrotown, in the northern suburbs. It now con- tains, probably, 300 negroes. THE YEAR 1869. In the year 1869 the city was well established, well known throughout the entire State, and progressing with rapidity and solidity. In January the postoffice was moved to the west side of Ohio street, between Second and Third. In this year the gas works were completed and the city lighted by gas. In February, the County Court orded the issue of $110,000 in county bonds, for the aid of the St. Louis & Lexington Railroad. The grandest event of the year was the beginning of work on the extension of the Tebo & Neosho Railroad; later the M. K. & T. Rail- road from Sedalia to Hannibal, or rather to Boonville, which was the first division built. On March 10, 1869, a large force began work. This action was authorized by the action of the County Court, which on March 3, 1869, ordered the issue of $200,000 in county bonds to built the line through Pettis County. Work progressed on the road very favorably during the summer. In the following October it was taken charge of by the New York Trust and Loan Co., and the name changed to the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. On May 11, 1869, the grand ceremonies attending the "breaking of ground" for the St. Louis & Lex- HISTORY OF SEDAL.IA. 491 *'!! Wmmk A 492 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ington Railroad were held. There was a crowd of notables present, a multitude of people and immense rejoicing. The city now had two new railroads in process of construction. In March the St. Louis Conference of the M. E. Church was held in the cit)'. This was the first religious meeting of such magnitude and character held here. On June 3, 1369, Smith's Opera House was opened. This was the second opera house opened in the city. On Saturday, July 25, 1869, the work of changing the guage of the Missouri Pacific Railroad began, and was completed in sixteen hours. The people and the papers during the summer of 1869 began to agitate the proposition to built a MaVket House and City Hall. The Congregational Association of Missouri met in the city this year, and already the city was recognized as a location so accessible and so near the center of the State that important bodies chose it for their place of meeting. During the year there was a large amount of building done. A num- ber of brick store-rooms were completed on Main street; there were a large number of old business houses then on Main street, and Ohio street had begun to rival it. Business houses on Ohio street were located south of Pearl River. The year was especially remarkable for the large amounts of real estate which was disposed of in the city and surrounding country. Two large monthly real estate papers were published. The Western Real Estate Register, by Jas. M. Byler and Wm. H. H. Hill, afterwards Crimi- nal Judge. These papers were scattered throughout the length and breadth of the land, making known the chief great fact that in 1870 it would be one of the great railroad centers. In addition to the individual real estate firms, the Missouri Land Company was chartered and organ- ized with a capital of $100,000. Albert Parker, recently Postmaster of this city, was General Superintendent, and vast tracts of land on the M., K. & T. R. R. both north and south of Sedalia, were disposed of. In the early part of March, 1869, was planted the germ from which the beautiful portion of the city designated as East Sedalia, has grown. Rev. E. T. Brown laid off his first addition to the city and began the active work of building it up. A more extended notice of East Sedalia and of Lincolnville will be found in the chapter on "City Government" and "Municipal Matters." THE LAST DECADE. The history of the city has now been traced from its foundation to the year 1870. Many minute details have been given in regard to the events of the first ten years, because there were not so many, and because they HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 493 are really of the most importance and interest to those who will devote most time in perusing this history. The remaining twelve years of the city's history must be treated in a more general manner, as it is beyond the scope of this work to give any more than a general mention of the leading events and the most important epochs. It would require a volume of large size to contain even a condensed account of all the matters which were of interest in their day, but no longer of interest to the reader of th« present. The various chapters in this book on business enterprises, the city gov- ernment, the social development, public enterprises, benevolent and mis- cellaneous societies, the railroads, churches and schools, contain most of the important details of the city's history for the past twelve years — that is from 1870 to 1882. The histories of the Lexington & St. Louis, the Tebo & Neosho, and M., K. & T. Railroads, their building and completion, fill up the years of- 1870-1-2-3. On March 3, 1871, the matter of building water works in the city came up before the Library Association, which was then the substitute for a Board of Trade. On Oct. 2, 1871, the city ordinance was passed author- izing the issue of $100,000 in city bonds for their construction, arid on Oct. 11, 1871, the contract for digging ditches for the mains was given to Russell & Chaney. The machinery was received in August, 1872, and in September, 1872, the first test of the machinery was made. On Jan. 1, 1873, the works were in full operation, and three miles of main pipe and five miles of street pipe were furnishing the water supply to the city. In 1870, in the spring, two great fires occurred, one on the east side of Ohio and the other on the south side of Main, east of Ohio. The first Presbyterian Church, was built the same year; also the palatial residences of Gen. Geo. R. Smith, Col. A. D. Jaynes, Cyrus Newkirk and Albert Parker, on Broadway. The Southern M. E. Church on Third and Massachusetts,, and fifteen brick store rooms on Main and Ohio were erected. The people were agitated over the question of locating the State Normal School in the city. July 23, 1871, the first excursion train ran to Clinton, over the M., K. & T. Railroad. The Fair Association purchased the ground now known as Sicher's Park, gave a fair and distributed $7,000 in premiums. The Missouri Pacific freight depot was moved to its present location, and the Transfer Co. organized. In 1871 the Daily Democrat was first issued as a daily, January 17; 19 494 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. five buildings were consumed by fire on Main, between Osage and Ken- tucky; the Library Association was organized, and the Franklin School built. The Ilgen House and first M., K. & T. shops were erected. In 1872 the erection of the Missouri Pacific Round House and shops began, and the Lex. &. St. L. R. R. was about completed, and the Union Depot built. In 1873 small pox raged in the city, and there were sixty cases, but only eight deaths ; the first excursion train was run on the' northeast extension of the M., K. & T. ; the first building association was organized, and the city had a population of over seven thousand. In 1874 the Court House was moved to White's Hall ; the Farmer's Mill was started; the city limits were extended so -as to include East Sedalia; Rev. E. T. Brown built the East Sedalia Baptist Church; the Catholic Church was erected; October 23, the corner stone of the City Hall was laid, and the building c ompleted before the end of the year. In 1874-5 there was a large amount of building done, and in 1875 the Street R. R. Co. was organized, but no work done. The darkest days in the history of Sedalia were during the year 1877. In constructing the water works and making other improvements it had incurred a bonded indebtedness of $265,000 at ten per cent interest, making a total annual interest of $26,500. To enable the city to meet this heavy demand, property had been assessed very high, and in many instances more than its actual value. The charter limited the levy of taxes to $2.00 on every $100. The new State Constitution which took effect in 1875, prohibited cities assessing property at a higher valuation than it was assessed for State and County purposes. By this provision the total valuation of all the property in th^e city was reduced to a little less than $1,400,000, on which a levy of two per cent would not, (even if all were collected), produce more money than was neeessary to pay the interest on this large debt, and leave nothing for ordinary expenses. Of course default was made in the payment of interest. Dr. Clark was mayor, and Dr. T. T. Major, chairman of the committee on ways and means, and they were doing everything possible to protect the credit of the city. There was no disposition to repudiate, but it was simply a matter of inability to pay, and all leakages were stopped and expenses reduced, but to no purpose. Interest was accumulating every day, and the bondholders becoming clam- orous. The citizens were equally as much distressed over the condition of the finances as the officers. Many consultations were had over it. In this crisis Mr. O. A. Crandall came forward and volunteered his services to go east where the principal part of the bonds were held, and meet the creditors and make some arrangement for saving th*e credit of the city* His offer was gladly accepted, and he started on his mission. He met the creditors at Boston, explained the situation, and soon arranged with them HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 495 J. W. TRUXEL'S MUSIC HOUSE, SEDALIA., MO. to refund the whole debt for twenty years, at five per cent interest, thus reducing the annual interest to less than $14,000. The city accepted the compromise thus made and proceeded at once to carry it into execution, and in less than two years all the bonds were refunded, and all the accu- mulated interest and floating debt paid, and the finances of the city placed in good condition. From the year 1877, to Jan. 1, 188ST, the city has gone ahead so rapidly that it would require a chapter to tell of even the most important events, but all of them are known to the people. In 1879 the work of building the Narrow Gauge R. R. to Warsaw began; in 1880 the new water works reservoir was built and the city spent $500,000 in general improvements; the new Superintendent's and Dispatcher's office of the Missouri Pacific was built, and large additions made to the shops and the number of workmen. In 1881 the city expended $615,000 in general improvements; the new dam and reservoir of the water works was begun ; the new brick shops .of the Pacific R. R.; the general Railroad Hospital was established here; the new Missouri Pacific yards built, and the site for the Union Depot chosen. 496 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. In May, 1882, the new water works dam was completed, and the first four months of the year $75,000 of new buildings erected. CHAPTER V.^THE CITY GOVERNMENT. The Town a Military Post and Governed by Military Law until March, 1864 — Who Drafted the City Charter— When it was Granted— The First Officers— The Full List of Officers up to 1883 — Digest of the Charter and Amendments made — Political Parties having Control — Special and Peculiar Laws — Changes made in Offices — Terms of Office — The Police and Fire Departments — The City Buildings, City Statistics, &c. • The only legal existence that Sedalia had in 1860 consisted in the fact that a plat of the town had been filed with the County Recorder. So far as any civil government was concerned it was still only a part of Mount Sterling township. In 1861, when the war broke out, Missouri came under martial law; Sedalia was a part of a military district; became duly a military post and was governed by military power and law. It had no civil government and was not an incorporated town. During the winter of 1863, when the town contained about 800 inhabi- tants, including refugees, Gen. George R. Smith, Maj. Wm. Beck, F. L. Parker, Ira C. Pierce, R. Waltenspeil, Richard Hulland, Elias Laup- heimer, Frank McCabe, and James G. Tesch formed themselves into a citizens committee. They assembled in the parlor of the old Sedalia House, with T. W. Moses as their secretary, and drew up the outlines of a charter. When completed it was sent to the Legislature with a petition to grant Sedalia a city charter, containing the substance of the draught sent with the petition. Very few changes were made in the original copy, and on Feb. 15, 1864, the Legislature passed a bill granting Sedalia a city charter. By this charter the first city officers were appointed, Geo. R. Smith, Mayor, and seven of the above named parties Aldermen. Jas. G. Tesch was appointed Marshal by the Mayor. This was the first civil govern-, ment, and it was still tacitly aided by the military power. The above officers continued in power until the first election under the charter. This came off in April, 1864. James G. Tesch was elected Mayor, and the seven aldermen above mentioned as appointed such by the charter, were elected by the people to fill the offices for the first term. T. W. Moses was appointed Register, and Chan. P. Townsley Assessor. For the nature of the charter granted the city, its provisions and powers, and the various changes that have been made in it since it was first granted, the reader is referred to the opening chapter on city history, where the subject is fully treated. Under the original charter the Register, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 497 Assessor and Marshal were appointed by the Mayor. These and all other city officers are now elected by the people. The following is a full list of the city officers who have served from those first appointed by the charter, up to July 1, 1882: 1864. — Mayors, George R. Smith, Jas. G. .Tesch; Aldermen, F. L. Parker, Wm. Beck, Ira C. Pierce, R. Waltenspeil, Richard Hulland, Elias Laupheimer, Frank McCabe; Marshal, Jas. G. Tesch; Assessor Chan. P. Townsley. 1865. — Mayor, E. W. Washburn, (resigned). F. L. Parker, elected to fill vacancy; Aldermen, J. L. Vickars,Jno. Harding, Louis Kumm, John Houx, B. H. Ingram, Abram Meyer, James G. Tesch; Marshal and Collector, William P. Jackson, (resigned), James M. Mills, elected to fill vacancy. 1866. — Mayor, John F. Philips ; Aldermen, Henry Suess, Wm. Beck, T. W. Moses, Rod Gallic, John L. Hall, P. G. Stafford, Thos. J. Mont- gomery; Marshal and Collector, John B. Gallie; Attorney, Lucius L. Bridges: Register, Wm. Wallace, (resigned), A. J. Sampson, elected to fill vacancy. 1867. — Mayor, Henry Suess; Aldermen, J. J. Weiler, (resigned), Jas. G. Tesch, Jas. Jamison, Richard Hulland, W. F. Boyer, Sam S. Vinton, Roderick Gallie, Asa C. Marvin, elected to fill vacancy, E. R. Stevens, elected to fill vacancy; Marshal and Collector, John B. Gallie; A. J. Sampson, removed; Register, A. H. Thompson; Assessor, John Walde; Treasurer, William E. Bard. 1868. — Mayor, Gen. Bacon Montgomery; Aldermen, W. C. Weiler, F. Krieckhaus, C. C. Godman, F. Crandall, (resigned), Wm. Bloess, R. H. Moses, J. D. McGrath, (died), W. F. Boyer, elected to fill vacancy, G. A. Sturges; Marshal and Collector, Wm. P. Jackson; Attorney, W. W. S. Snoddy; Register, A. H. Thompson; Assessor, Ira C. Pierce; Treas- urer, Chan. P. Townsley. 1869, — Mayor, Albert Parker; Aldermen, Thos. J. -Montgomery, Henry Armbrecht, Peter Latsch, G. A. Sturges, Abram Meyer, R. H. Moses, Wm. Beck; Marshal, Wm. P. Jackson, (resigned), P. S. Zellhart, elected to fill vacancy; Attorney, B. G. Wilkerson; Register, Geo. W. Cum- mings; Assessor, H. N. Knapp; Collector, E. P. Kent; Treasurer, Jno. W. Siebe. 1870.— Mayor, Wm. P.Jackson; Aldermen, C. C. Godman, (resigned), F. Krieckhaus, Theodore Hoberecht, B. F. Dean, Val. Humburg, Jno. Beckley, Henry Boyer, John D. Brown, elected to fill vacancy; Marshal, W. C. Weiler; Attorney, Jas. S. Botsford; Register, J. F.Tobias; Asses- sor, H. N. Knapp; Collector, E. P. Kent; Treastirer, Jno. W. Siebe. 1871.— Mayor, Thos. J. Montgomery; Aldermen, B. H.Ingram, Jno. L. Hall, Elias Bixby, Chas. G. Taylor, H. Boyer, Wesley Kipp, F. 498 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Krieckhaus, Theodore Hoberecht; Attorney, Wm. H. H. Hill; Marshal, J. H. Gest; Register, A. H. Thompson; Treasurer, E. Lamy; Collector, I. D. Goodson; Assessor, M. M. Lampton. 1872. — Mayor, Geo. W. Cummings; Aldermen, Henry Vitt, Joseph Tice, Jnb. W. Siebe, Wesley Kipp, B. H. Ingram, Jno. L. Hall, Elias Bixby, Chas. G. Taylor;^ Attorney, Wm. H. H. Hill; Marshal, Wm. Inch; Register, Thomas Monroe; Treasurer, M. Henoch; Collector, I. D. Good- son ; Assessor, Thos. N. Rogers. 1873.— Mayor, Dr. R. T. Miller; Aldermen, Jno. F. Antes, M. M. Pritchard, J. W. Mills, E. W. Bixby, Henry Vitt, Joseph Tice, John. W. Siebe, Wesley Kipp; Attorney, W. L. Felix; Marshal, Jno. B. Gallie; Register, J. H. Gest; Treasurer, M. Henoch; Collector, John S. Lingle; Assessor, Jno. B. Gallie. 1874.— Mayor, Wm. H. H. Hill; Aldermen, Geo. R. Smith, Theodore Hoberecht, Peter Latsch, A. P. Morey, Jno. F. Antes, M. M. Pritchard, J. W. Mills, E. W. Bixby; Attorney, Wm. L. Felix (removed); B. G. Wilkerson, elected to fill vacancy; Marshal, Jno. B. Gallie; Register, J. H. Gest; Collector, W. J. Manker; Treasurer, Gabriel Vogler; Assessor, Jno. B. Gallie. 1875.— Mayor, Norman Maltby; Aldermen, Geo.R. Smith, Theo. Hober- echt, Peter Latsch, A. P. Morey, G. B. Simonds, Henry Suess, Patrick McEnroe, John Newton; Attorney, P. H. Sangree; Marshal, David T. Hartshorn; Register, Geo. W. Cummings; Treasurer, Gabriel Vogler; Collector, W.J. Manker; Assessor, H. N- Knapp. 1876. — Mayor, David Blocher; Aldermen, G. B. Simonds, Henry Suess, Patrick McEnroe, John Newton, W. F. Ilgenfritz, E. T. Brown, T. T. Major, Wm. Hill; Attorney, P. H. Sangree; Marshal, John Shanafelt; Register, Geo. W. Cummings; Treasurer, Gabriel Volger; Collector, W. J. Manker; Assessor, H. N. Knapp. 1877.— Mayor, Logan Clark; Aldermen, W. F. Ilgenfritz, E. T. Brown, T. T. Major, Wm. Hill, P. McEnroe, W. R. Thomas, L. B. Rhodes, E. Lamy, M. O'Reilly, J. F. Antes, M. C. White ;last three elected to fill vacan- cies; Attorney, Geo. C. Heard; Marshal, Philip Kelly; Register, Geo. W. Cummings; Treasurer, Jno. W. Burress; Collector, W. J. Manker; Assessor, E. H. James. 1878. — Mayor, George L. Faulhaber; Aldermen, E. Lamy, M. O'Reilly, Jno. F. Antes, E. T. Brown, M. C. White, A. H. Holland, Julius Kolbohn, William Latour, Morris Harter; Attorney, P. H. Sangree; Marshal, Alfred Smith ; Register, Julius Courath ; Treasurer, Jno. W. Burress; Collector, W.J. Manker (removed); J. H. Looney (appointed); Assessor, Wm. Weiler (resigned); E. H. James (appointed). 1879.— Mayor, Geo. L. Faulhaber; Aldermen, A. H. Holland, Julius Kolbohn, Morris Harter, Jno, F. Antes, E. T. Brown, Wm. Hill, J. B. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 49d Rickman, elected to fill vacancy; Frank Newton (same), Louis Kumm (same), B. D. Dean, Rod. Gallie; Attorney, Wm. L. Felix; Marshal, Alfred Smith; Register, Julius Conrath; Treasurer, Jno. W. Burress; Collector, Edward Hurley: Assessor, E. H.James. I880.-Mayor, E. C. Evans; Aldermen, Wm. Hill, B. D. Dean, Rod Gallie, J. B. Rickman, Louis Kumm, Frank Newton, P. H. Mead, A. S. Fernald; Attorney, Wm. L. Felix; Marshal, Alfred Smith; Register, R. M. Fraker; Treasurer, Jno. W. Burress; Collector, Frank Landmann; Assessor, E. H. James. 1881. — Mayor, Frank Craycroft; Aldermen, J. B. Rickman, Louis Kumm, Frank Newton, P. H. Mead, A. S. Fernald (resigned), Dennis Golden (elected to fill vacancy), Owen Harrison, D. I. Holcomb, E. W. Sinclair; Attorney, Lucius L. Bridges (resigned); Geo. F. Logan (elected to fill vacancy); Marshal, Robert J. Shy; Register, R. M. Fraker; Treas- urer, W. W. Herold; Collector, Frank Landmann; Assessor, S. W. Maddox. 18S2.— Mayor, Charles E. Messerly; Aldermen, J. B. Rickman, D. I. Holcomb, E. W. Sinclair, Jno. S. Landes, Will D. Ilgenfritz, J. S. Bosser- man, W. R. Thomas, Owen Harrison; Attorney, P. H. Sangree; Marshal, Robt. J. Shy; Register, R. M. Fraker; Treasurer, C. W. Brown; Col- lector, F. Landmann. For the" first three years of her municipal existence there were only two political parties, the " straight-out " Radical and Democratic. By the provisions of the Drake State Constitution, all men who had been actively engaged in the rebellion, or such as could not take what was commonly called "the iron-clad oath of loyalty," were disfranchised. This placed the city government for the first six years in the hands of Radicals. In 1868, when Bacon Montgomery ran for Mayor, with Henry Suess for his opponent, there was a little change. Many Union men and Union soldiers, who were originally Democrats, whose bitter war feelings had died down, united with the ultra Demo- crats, were opposed to the complete and continued disfranchisement of those who had been engaged in the rebellion, and formed a "Fusion" party. The strict Radicals continued to hold the power until 1871-2, when the fight began over the repeal of the " Disfranchisement Clause." During these years there was some " fusion," but the only real division between the two parties was the Drake Constitution. Washburn, Parker, Philips, Suess and Montgomery were all Union soldiers, and the first four mayors after Gen. Smith. Jackson and A. Parker, the next two mayors, were Union men and ex-soldiers. T. J. Montgomery, the mayor in 1871, was a Union man and soldier, but an original Democrat. The subordinate 500 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. . offices were pretty evenly divided between Union-Democrats and Repub- licans up to 1872. For the first four years the register was simply the clerk of the council and up to about 1872 the mayor was also the police magistrate. In 1865 the office of marshal and collector was one office, and the holder of it was appointed by the mayor with the concurrence of the council. In 1 867 the office of city treasurer was created. In 1870 the office of city collector became separate from that of mar- shal. In 1873 all the city offices became elective and the register became the police magistrate as well as the clerk of the council. From the year 1872 up to the present time the city has been pretty evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans, both in the city council and in the other city offices. During the past four or five years, or since the origin of the Greenback-Labor party, an occasional alder- man has been elected on that ticket. Once in a while there has been a short-lived "Liberal" or "Independent" movement; and on one or two occasions the Prohibitionists, without ever nominating a ticket, have made convulsive efforts to elect some special candidate. Every year the parties are becoming more evenly divided, and at the present time the voters are chiefly Republicans and Democrats. One of the best means of understanding the general nature of a city government outside of the body of laws themselves, is the character of some of the special laws on specific subjects. An ordinance on the books of the city forbids the opening of saloons on Sunday. When a man desires to get a license to run a saloon, among other things which he has to do is to have his petition to the county court signed by a majority of all the property holders, residents - and those doing business in the said block. Another important point regarding the nature of a city government, and one that shows at once the character of a town, the extent of its business, the means by which it raises its revenues, and the portion of revenue paid by certain classes, outside of the regular personal and real estate tax, are the laws concerning special licenses. There can be no better means of giving the reader a clear idea of the whole subject of special license provisions than by the following digest of facts and figures. The statement below is from the city books and has been prepared with much care. It shows what branches of business pay a special license, how many there are of each, how much each pay, and the sum total: . HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 501 MUNICIPAL STATISTICS — 1881. Total number of merchant's licenses issued 168 Revenue from same per annum $ 1,814.20 Revenue per annum from merchant's advalorem tax $ 3,987.06 Number of hotels 8 Amount of licenses $ 369.00 Number of livery stables 7 Amount of license $ 120.00 Number licensed wagons, drays and carriages 43 Yearly revenue from same $ 258.00 Number licensed boarding houses 24 Annual revenue from same $ 240.00 Number of dram shops with city license 32 Annual revenue from same $ 3,840.00 Licensed billiard tables 25 Revenue from same $ 250.00 Number of wood and coal yards 6 Amount of revenue from same $ 120.00 Number of butchers 10 Revenue from same . , „ $ 200.00 Number of licensed boot-bla'cks 13 Revenue from same $ 73.00 Revenue from shows and peddlers in 1881 $ 431.50 Total city revenue from merchants and special licenses in 1881 $11,732.76 .ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF SAME FOR 1880. Dramshops $ 3,383.35 Wagons and drays : 252.00 Livery and feed stables 100.00 Hotels and runners 327.30 Boarding houses 200.00 Butcher shops 120.00 Wood and coal yards 120.00 Pawnbrokers 50.00 Shows and exhibitions 367.00 Peddlers and hawkers 117.90 Billiard and pool tables 150.00 Merchant's special license 1,854.80 Merchant's advalorem license 3,451.84 Total $10,304.39 502 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. All the officers of the city are elected to hold office for one year. The Mayor nominates the candidates for the position of Water Commissioner, City Fire Engineer, City Weigher, members of the Board of Health, and members of the police force. These nominees must be confirmed by a majority of the votes of the board of aldermen. The police force at present, consists of one detective, seven white officers and one colored officer, and they are under the command of the city marshal. The force for 1882 is as follows: Robt. J. Shy, Marshal; Alfred Smith, Special Officer and Detective ; Philip Kelly, Joel A. Gossage Chas. Wentzelman, Matthew Meyers, Chas. Barnett, Jas. Gossage George Pfeiffer, and G. W. Hogan, colored. The salaries of those who serve the city are as follows: Mayor, $500 per annum; Collector, $900; Recorder, $1,200; Marshal, $800; Water Commissioner, $300: Assessor, $300; Attorney, $600; Treasurer, $300; Alderman, $200; Policeman, $55 per month; City Engineer, $25. The City Hall is a spacious building situated on the City Square, on the southwest corner of Second and Osage. The main building is of brick, two stories high, sixty-eight feet long ) thirty-five feet wide; has lofty ceilings and large windows. It was erected in the year 1877, and cost . about $15,000. This building contains the council rooms, the offices of city officers, the caliboose, the police headquarters, the steam fire engine room. In the rear of the main building is the market house. It is seventy- five feet long, thirty-five feet wide, and contains room for ten butcher's stalls. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire company contains ten men who are paid $150 per annum. The chief, $200. It is under command of chief, who has full control. The department has a fine steam fire engine, which cost about $7,000; a set of patent extension ladders which can be made to reach to the top of the highest house in the city, and a fine two-horse hose wagon and one thousand and five hundred feet of the best hose. The department has four horses, which cost $200 each. A driver is employed to care for the horses, and the engine is in charge of a competent engineer. The Water Commissioner is appointed by the Mayor, with the con- currence of the city council. He collects the water rates and has a general supervision of the works under the direction of the committee on water works. The Water Works Engineer is also nominated by the Mayor, and must be confirmed by the council. He has full charge of the machinery at the water works, and is under the supervision of the water works com- mittee. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 503 EAST SEDALIA. Perhaps there is no part of the city more deserving of special mention than East Sedalia. In it are situated the Missouri Pacific and K. & T. Railroad shops and car factories, the railroad hospital and freight depots, Brunkhorst's large saw mill and hard wood lumber yard, D. C. Paullin's lumber yard, and a number of stores and meat markets. It has two churches and two public schools, and about 3,000 inhabitants, mostly rail- road men. It is situated on high and beautiful prairie land, and is one of the healthiest and most pleasant parts of the city. Its growth first began in 1866, on the property of Parson E. T. Brown, of imperishable memory. Mr. Brown was assigned to Missouri by the association, and «came to Sedalia in 1865, . soon after the close of the war, for the purpose of building up and establishing the interests of the Baptist Church. Being a man of means, he purchased the forty acres upon which the main portion of East Sedalia now stands, making of it a farm. An earnest and philanthropic man by nature, and an active minister of twenty-five years' experience, he was not long in discovering that a most promising and much-neglected field for successful labor was to be found among the brave and hardy western railroad men, if some means could be found by which to collect and centralize them in some permanent loca- tion, and that Sedalia was a town likely to offer the most favorable point, for such a purpose, in the State. The idea, once conceived, with him became an immediate and pressing duty, and with all the earnest and unostentatious zeal which was the most striking characteristic of his naiure, he entered upon its fulfillment. For this purpose he subdivided his property into lots, and induced railroad men to purchase by selling upon the most favorable terms, and advancing money in many instances to build them residences. In this manner he consumed all his available means, over $15,000, before realizing one dollar, and found himself reduced to the same straits as the humblest of his patrons. However, the object had been attained, the location was established, and nothing remained to be done but the building of a church. But whence were the means to be obtained? For- tunately for Mr. Brown, he was possessed of a wife as noble, as generous, and as self-sacrificing as himself, who had effectively seconded his efforts thus far, and who now displayed that superior tact in an emergency so peculiar to her sex. Though raised in ease and affluence, labor bore for her no horrors, and with womanly devotion she called to her aid its magic power. Opening her fine residence as a boarding house, she soon aided her husband m obtaining sufficient means to erect the Baptist Church, at a cost of about $3,000, and Mr. Brown assumed its pastorate in 1875, which he continued with wonderful success for three years, without any 504: HISTORY OF SEDALIA. compensation whatever. His sudden death is a matter of too recent date not to be familiar to all. Stricken down in the midst of his usefulness, but not until his dream had become an accomplished fact, he left to his wife and son Bryson, the little that remained to be done, the settlement of his estate and sales of the remaining property, which at present consists of some forty lots, in various parts of the corporation, which their circum- stances make them willing and anxious to dispose of. During the present year the Union Depot of the various lines centering, and likely to center, in Sedalia will be built in East Sedalia. Also the large new machine and car shops of the Pacific combination. CHAPTER VI— PUBLIC ENTERPRISES. The Gas Works — Water Works — Street Railway — Telephone Exchange — Sicher's Park- Opera House — City Cemetery — R. R. General Hospital — Library Association and Free Reading Room — Working Woman's Home — Wool Grower's Association. THE GAS WORKS. * The Sedalia Gas Works is the most important enterprise in the city after the machine shops and the water works. In 1867 the people began to talk of the need of gas in Sedalia. After the usual amount of prelim- inary agitation, in the summer of 1868 the Missouri Gas Works Building Co., of St. Louis, was granted the ri^ht to construct and operate gas works in Sedalia for the period of thirty years. The first works were erected on their present site, and were completed so that the city was first lighted by gas Jan. 23, 1868. The gas was made chiefly of kerosene for the first three years and a half. In 1872 there was a general reorganization and a new board of directors chosen by the stockholders. By this time a large amount of the stock was controlled by Sedalia parties. John F. Antes was chosen Pres- ident of the new board, and James C. Thompson, Secretary. It was deter- mined to make gas out of coal. The necessary changes were made in the machinery and new stock issued to the amount of $28,000. The works continued under the second management until about 1879. By this time the town had increased beyond their capacity. In 1879 the works were sold to Louis C. Nelson, of St. Louis, and associates in Sedalia, who afterwards bought it. The Sedalia owners were J. C. Thompson and John Montgomer}', Jr. The new management began an almost complete rebuilding of the works piece by piece. In 1880-81, a complete new set of retorts and a handsome fire proof building was erected, a new brick coal house, a new reservoir, a brick office, the yard was graded and a new brick and stone wall put around it. e works are now an ornament to the city and fully up to all demands. In 1881-82 the new gasometer was completed. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 505 To show the increase and the amount of business, the following state- ment in figures is given : GAS COMPANY'S STATEMENT. Total cubic feet of gas made and consumed in 18S0 3,900,000. Total cubic feet made and consumed in 1881 5,700,000. Value of gas consumed in 1880 $ 13,000. Same in 1881 $ 19,000. Length of mains laid in 1880, about 4 miles. The same in 1881 6J " Amount of new mains laid in 1881 2f " Capacity of old gasometer in cubic feet in 1880 8,000. The new gasometer in 1881 35,000. Original value of works $ 27,000. Present value $ 75,000. Amount expended in 1880-81 on new buildings, furnaces, mains, etc $ 48,500. These works are as well equipped and managed as any in the United States. The officers: John Montgomery, Jr., Pres.; James C. Thompson, Sec and Treas.; James Montgomery, Supt. THE WATER WORKS. On March 3, 1871, the following resolution was brought up before the Library Association: Resolved, That a committee of five, of which the President of the Board shall be Chairman, be appointed to confer with the City Council in regard to the most feasible plan of supplying the City of Sedalia with water. The following gentlemen were appointed on the committee: Geo. G. Vest, Col. R. S. Stevens, Abram Meyer and James O. Ives. These gen- tlemen presented the matter to the City Council in such a favorable light that the plan at once secured the approval of the Council. Mayor Thos. J. Montgomery, B. H. Ingram, C. G. Taylor and Wesley Kipp were appointed a committee to confer with the Library Committee. The result of these conferences was that on May 12, 1871, a delega- tion of the most prominent citizens, accompanied by Mr. Keep, the Chief Engineer of the Holly Water Works Co., of Lockport, N. Y., visited Flat Creek, three miles south of town to examine its facilities for furnish- ing water. The examination was so satisfactory that a special committee consisting of Col. Stevens, J. O. Ives, C. M. Walker, A. Y. Hull and D. H. Smith were appointed to submit a report to the Council and. Library Associa- tion. 506 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The report was made and was eminently satisfactory. Col. A. D. Jaynes was then appointed to visit the principal cities which had the Holly Water Works system, and to report on its practical work- ings. During the summer Col. Jaynes performed this duty with rare judgment and promptness. His report was so favorable that the City Council at once expressed a desire to confer with the heads of the company. On Sept. 15, 1871, Holly and Keef, representing the Holly System, appeared before the City Council and explained their whole system and the probable cost of erecting suitable works for Sedalia. A proposition to subscribe $100,000 to build the works was submitted to a vote of the people. It was carried, and on Oct. 2, 1871, an ordinance authorizing the issue of $100,000 in city bonds was passed. Oct. 11, 1871, the contract for digging trenches for the mains was let to Wm. Russell and C. M. A. Chaney. Twentj' acres of land on Flat Creek was purchased by the city for the site of the works. All necessary contracts ' were made and the work pushed with rapidity. In August, 1872, the water works machinery was received. In September, 1872, they were up and ready to be tested. The works were put to a very severe trial. About the middle of September there was a grand demonstration in honor of the completion of the works. By Jan. 1, 1873, there were three miles of main pipe and five miles of street pipe furnishing water to the city. From that time on, foot after foot has been laid, month by month, and year after year, until now the water mains extend from Sicher's Park on the west to the Missouri Pacific Round-house on the east, a distance of nearly two miles, and for a mile through the city from north to south. In 1880 a reserve reservoir was erected at the foot of Ohio street near Seventeenth, with a capacity of 200,000 gallons. It cost $5,0.00. In the fall of 1881 the work of constructing a dam of solid masonry across Flat Creek to make a larger reservoir of water was begun. The dam was completed and tested on May 27, 1882. The closing of the sluice gates of the dam caused the bed of the stream to fill with water of an average depth of six feet to a point nearly two miles above the dam. The dam will cost when fully completed about $10,000. The city now has a certain supply of water large enough for a place of 50,000 inhabitants. THE STREET RAILWAY. In 1876 a charter was granted to the Street Railway Company. This charter, owing to the inactivity of those to whom it was granted, expired in 1881. In 1881 the right of way over all the streets and a new charter was granted to a new company. It now consisted of Joseph D. Sicher, Frank E. Sicher, A. D. Jaynes and R. T. Gentry. This company showed by HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 507 508 . HISTORY OF SEDALIA. their actions that they meant to build a road. In the fall of 1881 the first section of the road was completed, being built on Third street westward to Sicher's Park, a distance of three-quarters of a mile. The first regular passenger traffic was done over it during fair week in the early part of September, 1881. By the 1st day of March, 1882, the other section of the road from Ohio street eastward to Engineer street was completed and cars running. The whole length of the road on Third street is about two miles. The road is equipped with cars of the very best make and the latest and most approved construction. Two fine additions to the city, on the east and the west ends, are now growing up because of its construction and' completion. Thus far the company have already expended about $20,000 upon the construction and equipment of the road. The officers of the road under whose administration it was built were: J. D. Sicher, President; F. E. Sicher, Secretary; C. W. Brown, Treas- urer; C. Newkirk, C. H. Gauss and A. D.Jaynes, Directors. The road is now in constant operation and it is only a matter of time as to its exten- sion in other directions. THE TELEPHONE COMPANY. In the summer of 1880, T. B. Anderson secured the right to establish a telephone exchange in Sedalia. In August, 1880, the first telephone was put into operation. In an incredibly short time a sufficient 'number of persons agreed to take instruments to warrant the proprietor and man- ager in erecting wires and poles throughout the city. A very few words will tell how popular and useful the telephone became in less than eighteen months time. In the year 1881 the Sedalia Telephone Company put up wires throughout the entire city, some of them extending into the extreme suburbs. They have 225 instruments, which belong to the general com- pany. Outside of these, they have expended in the city $6,000. A telephone wire runs to the water works, another runs to the farm of R. W. Gentry, both places three miles from the city; all the railroad offices and shops, banks, hotels, etc., have.their telephones. The terrible sleet storm of 1882 destroyed or injured almost every wire in the city. When the work of repairing them was completed, at a great expense, about $2,000, Mr. Anderson, the manager, received an offer from the Missouri Telephone Company. On the 15th day of May, 1882, he sold his fran- chise to the above company, and the Telephone Exchange, of Sedalia, is now run by the above company. This is one of the finest public or private enterprises in the city. It contains fifty acres of beautiful prairie land, a half mile west of Ohio street, and is reached by the street railway. The grounds belonged to HISTORY OF SEDAI.IA. 509 the Fair Association until 1880, when they were purchased by Messrs Joseph D. and Frank E. Sicher, for the sum of $10,000. When the ground was purchased, the improvements on it consisted of a board fence around the outside, a mile track around the amphitheatre, and one or two rough board buildings. In the past two years $30,000 has been expended in improving and beautifying it, and it has been transformed. First a splendid hotel has been erected in the center of the park. It contains the most spacious hall in all Central Missouri, and this is used for a din- ing room and an amusement hall. The Sedalia fair is also held on these grounds. Therefore all buildings necessary for such purposes have been constructed. There is a splendid mile track and a half mile track. The grand stand will seat 5,000 people. Five hundred people can be seated at dinner, at one time, in the dining room of the hotel. The floral hall, the agricultural implement and machinery pavilion, the farm products hall are all spacious and handsome buildings, erected for the express pur- pose of public exhibitions. There are numerous refreshment stands, band pagoda, directors' and secretary's buildings ; in short, all the conven- iences to be expected in a first class park or fair grounds. The grounds contain also a beautiful lake of five acres, with an island containing one acre; several wind mills pump water from deep bored welis. There are two enormous ice houses on the banks of the lake. Besides the wells and wind mills, the grounds have a main pipe leading from the city through which an additional supply of water is received from the city water works. The grounds have been filled with shade trees, and around the hotel laid off in flower beds and covered with arbors and ornamental shrubbery. There are 250 sheep pens, 150 covered stalls, and 120 open stalls for cattle. The park hotel is lighted by gas ; has hot and cold water, and all other modern improvements ; a fine restaurant, and is now the popular resort. During all seasons of the year, there are public and pri- vate parties there; balls, school exhibitions, concerts, roller skating, base ball games, races, military parades, and similar amusements. This is the only institution of the kind in Central Missouri, and it is becoming more beautiful and more popular every day. It shows at once the metropolitan character which the city has begun to assume. In 1881, Cricket Still, of Kansas, and Nellie Archer, of Greenridge, Pettis County, Mo., rode three twenty mile races at the park. These were the most remarkable contests ever witnessed in the city. All three were won by Miss Archer. Ten thousand people witnessed the first race. smith's opera house. Was built in 1867-8, by Gen. George R. .Smith. It is 141 feet long, sixty feet wide, and has a seating capacity of 400 on the main floor, and 20 510 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. a gallery running around the entire auditoriu, which will accommodate 400 more. The stage is twenty-five feet deep, and thirty-five feet wide. There are four private boxes which will each accommodate six persons. Beneath the stage are large dressing rooms for ladies and gentlemen. The hall has a front and a back entrance, and is on the second floor of the building. On the second floor, in front of each side of the entrance stairway is a spacious office. On the ground floor are two store rooms, each thirty-five foot front, and 141 feet deep. The entire building is lighted by gas, aud has windows in the rear and on both sides of the building. The ceilings are beutifully frescoed and the drop curtain is one of the finest pieces of painting in Central Missouri. The building cost originally $25,000, and in 1881, improvements and changes were made upon it, which cost $2,500. The Opera House is the property of Mrs. Cotton and Mrs. Smith, daughters, of Gen. Smith. THE FREE READING ROOM. This institution is now located in White's building, on Ohio street. It is the out-growth of the old library association, which was organized in the middle of March, 1871, by Dr. Shattuck, Col. Jaynes, S. L. Highley- man. Chas. G. Taylor, Jno. Montgomery, Jr., Prof. G.-W. 'Ready, Judge Jno. S. Cochrane, and other. This old association languished in a short time, after having done an immense amount of good, and started the most important of all city projects, the building of the water works. After lying inactive for about five years the association was re-organized in 1679 by twenty-five ladies, and continued by them until -1880. In 1880 thirty- eight prominent citizens of the city made a written agreement to give a certain fixed annual subscription. This made it solid. In 1880 there were three hundred volumes in the library, besides many periodicals and newspapers. In 1881 there were six hundred volumes, an increase of three hundred, and a large addition likewise to periodicals and newspapers. Expenses in 1880 $305 " in 1881 $ 300 Visitors and readers in 1880 , 350 Visitors and readers in 1881 470 Decrease in expense $ 5 Increase of readers and visitors 190 The readers are increasing'as the value and size of the library augments This will grow to something larger. Thanks to the liberality of a few public spirited citizens who are intelligent enough to know what a power- ful means for good such an institution is, and to the untiring, unselfish, and unflagging labor of a few earnest and influential women, it is a fixed fact, prosperous and growing. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 511 The ladies who have taken the most active part in the support and man- agement of the institution are Mrs. John G. Allen, Mrs. J. H. Mertz, Mrs. F. A. Sampson, Mrs. L. A. Ross, Mrs. C. Demuth, Mrs. M. E. Smith, and Mrs. Joseph G. White. CHAPTER VII.— COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS ENTER- PRISES. History of the Railroads and the Machine Shops — Statistical , Facts as to Number of Employes and Amount of Money Expended — The Postoffice — History and Business — Banks— Hotels— County Buildings— Flouring and Other Mills— Elevators— Manu- factories — Telegraph Office — Brewery — Building Associations — Insurance Offices — Lumber and Coal Yards — Histories of all Above Institutions, together with Valuable Figures Concerning the Value of Buildings and the Amount of Business Done, and Reliable Digest of Figures Concerning Specific Lines of Business. From the time that Sedalia was founded nature and circumstances seem to have united to confer favors upon her. In the first place the founder of the city was a wise, hard-headed, far-seeing man. He chose a garden spot in almost the centre of a great continent as the site of his town ; then the war came on, and hundreds of men from north and south, east and west, saw the spot and learned that it would be a good place "to cast in their lot;" then, when the war was over, the new people of energy and intelli- gence nocked in to help those who were already here ; then the people built railroads, and all these advantages combined have made Sedalia a great business center within fifteen years. The city had four hundred inhabitants and twenty business houses six months after the arrival of the railroad. As early as 1863 the wholesale trade of the few houses furnished sup- plies to the south and southwest, amounting to half a million dollars. In 1865 the population of the town had increased to one thousand, and the business of the town had increased four fold; the town contained two newspapers, one hotel, that alone did a business of nearly $48,000 per annum, and at least four times as many business houses as in 1861. In 1866 there was at least $250,000 expended on new buildings; there was an increase of five hundred in population. Our first National Bank with a capital of $100,000 was established; churches were built; additions were made to the city, and the town was recognized as the business center of Central Missouri. From the close of the war until the present time, the town has rapidly advanced in all respects. To-day the city has a population of fifteen thousand, personal and real property assessed at $2,681,310, but in reality worth at commercial estimates six or seven million dollars; eighteen Church buildings, and nineteen congregations; school property, public and 512 , HISTORY OF SEDALIA. private, worth $100,000; three thousand and six hundred and sixty-seven school children. Now, in the year 1382, the city is growing with as great rapidity and with as much solidity as it ever has since its founding. Nothing is more convincing to the practical people of the present day then facts and figures. A digest of facts and figures will be given before entering upon a detailed account of the business institutions. The following table of figures was prepared by the writer of this history under the direction of the " citizens committee," — Col. A. D. Jaynes, J. R. Barrett and O. A. Crandall — which was chosen to visit Washington and lay before a committee of Congress Sedalia's claims for an appro- priation to build a postoffice edifice. STATISTICS OF THE CITY OF SEDALIA, MO. Prepared in May, 1882, by the proper authorities, and showing the extent of her various business interests, population, value of assessable property, etc. SEDALIA POST OFFICE. (Compiled from Official Statements.) Gross receipts of office from the sale of stamps, postal cards, wraps, etc., and from money orders issued: 1878, $86,628; 1879, $95,628; $1880: $108,805. Increase in above items of gross receipts from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1881, $22,786. Total amounts of money handled in office, by sale of stamps, postal cards, envelopes, wraps, foreign and domestic money orders, etc., etc., 1878, $152,862; 1879, $175,825; 1880, 196,377; 1881, $192,904.74. Increase in amounts handled from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1881, $44,515. Increase from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1882, $40,042.74. Total number of pieces of mail originating in the Sedalia office based on the official count made — seven days in Dec, 1880, $1,329,000. Excess over 1880, very large. Total number of registered letters handled: 1878, 11,281; 1879, 13,752; 1880,17,030. Increase in number from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 18Sl, 5,759. Net proceeds to the Post Office Department from the Sedalia office, in .1880, $13,907. Increase in money order business in first quarter of 1882, over first quar- ter in 1881, $964.91. BUILDINGS, ADDITIONS, IMPROVEMENTS. ( The data for the following statements were gathered by an expert, who made a careful -personal canvass of the entire city and subject?) Money spent by citizens of Sedalia for the erection of new buildings, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 513 additions, repairs, and general improvements, including the money sub- scribed to build the Sedalia, Warsaw & Southern Railroad in 1880, $500,000. For buildings, additions and general improvements alone, including improvements by R. R. Co. in 1881, $615,000. For same from Jan. 1, 1882, to May 1, 1882, $80,000. Grand total for two years and four months, $1,195,000. RAILROADS. (Cofied from official figures furnished by Heads of Departments in Sedalia.) Total value of railroad property in Sedalia, including real estate, Mis- souri Pacific Railroad shops, K. & T. Division shops, General Hospital, Superintendent's and Dispatcher's offices, Union Stock Yards and miscel- laneous buildings, $250,000. Number of men employed in Sedalia by Railroad Companies: 1880, 362; 1881, 562; increase, 200. ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF VALUE OF VARIOUS RAILROAD PROPERTY. New brick shops in course of erection, $20,000 ; Missouri Pacific Shops and machinery, $75,000; K. & T. Division Shops and machinery, $50,000 ; General Superintendent's Office, $20,000; General Hospital, $30,000; other buildings, $15,000. Total, $210,000. APPROXIMATION. Cash receipts for freight received at this station in 1881, $240,000; cash receipts for freight shipped from city in 1881, $140,000. Total receipts in Sedalia for freights, 1881, $380,000. GRAND AGGREGATE, 1881. Total amount spent for material in all departments, $230,000; total expended for labor in Sedalia, in all departments, 1881, $496,000; Amount spent for new buildings, yards, etc , 1881, $40,000. Grand total for 1881, $766,000. Tickets sold at Sedalia Depot in 1880, $83,717.45; in 1881, $111,126.10. Increase in sale of tickets in one year, $27,408.65. BANKS. Cash capital, $300,100; cash deposits, as per statements made Jan. 1, 1882, $834,545.37. BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS. In 1882, assessed value of capital, $182,554. 514 HISTORY OF SEDALIA; MUNICIPAL STATISTICS; {From Official Reports of City Officers?) Population in 1882, according to the number of school children listed by the agent of the School Board, 15,584; number of school children, 3,667; expended on grading, etc., of streets and alleys in- 1881, $35,079.95; on new water mains, $5,700 ; by Sewer Companies, $4,000 ; for new Water Works Dam, $10,000 ; assessed value of real and personal property in 1881, $2,373,124; same in 1882, $2,681,310; increase in assessed value of real and personal property in one year, $308,186; Paid in to City Treas- urer for special licenses alone, 1881, $10,304.39. CITY AND COUNTY ASSESSMENTS AND COMMERCIAL, VALUE. {From Official Statements?) Assessed value of real and personal property in the County in 1881, . $7,139,774; assessed value of real and personal property in the County in 1882, $8,102,011; increase in 1882, $962,230; assessed value of real and personal property in City in 1881, $2,681,310; increase in one year, $308,- 186. Commercial values of personal and real property in this City and County are double the assessed values. Commercial value City property in 1882, $5,362,620; commercial value of same in County in 1882, $16,204,022. MISCELLANEOUS. {Compiled Jrom Data gathered by an Expert by a careful Personal Canvass.) Wholesale trade of Sedalia in 1881, $2,500,000; livestock shipped from Sedalia by local and county dealers, $2,000,000 ; trade of mills and grain, $372,000; retail grocery trade, $500,000; hides, wool and furs, $130,000; saloon business, $200,000 ; Expenditures by the Street Railway Company, $15,000; Expended by the Sedalia Gas -Light Company, for new build- ings, apparatus, reservoirs, mains, furnaces, etc., in 1880-81, $48,000; by, Sicher Bros., on the Driving Park, Park Hotel, etc., $25,000. The sources from which the above figures were gathered are reliable. They have also been compiled by an expert and reliable party. To the best of my knowledge and belief they, are correct and fair estimates. C. E. MESSERLY, Mayor of Sedalia, Mo, THE RAILROADS. . Sedalia has been greatly assisted in her growth and prosperity by her railroads. She does not depend on them altogether, for there is enough in the country itself to make the place prosperous, still it is now a great rail- road center. The enormous machine shops, which employ such a large HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 515 force and consume so much material, are the largest institutions in the city. The railroads, therefore, first deserve attention. From Sedalia to St. Louis by the Missouri Pacific Railroad the distance is 189 miles; from Sedalia to Kansas City, ninety-one miles; from Sedalia to Lexington and the Missouri, fifty-two miles; from Sedalia to Hannibal and'the Mississippi River, 143 miles; from Sedalia to Chicago, 366 miles; from Sedalia to Denison, Texas, 433 miles. LEXINGTON & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. In 1858 a corporation, known as the Lexington & St. Louis Railroad Company, secured a charter from the State to build a road from Lexing- ton, Lafayette County, to a point on the Pacific Railroad, at or near Georgetown, then the county seat of Pettis. When the charter was granted, it was the general belief that Georgetown would be on the line of the Pacific Road, but when the road was located where it runs, leaving Georgetown three miles to the north, it was determined to run the L. & St. L. R. R. through Georgetown to intersect the Pacific Railroad at Farmers City, six miles east of where Sedalia now stands. Considerable work was done upon this route in 1859-60, and Farmers City bid fair to be what Sedalia is now. Then the war came on and the work was abandoned. When the war closed Sedalia had become the prominent town of Pettis County, being the base of supplies (after the completion of the Pacific Road in' 1861) for armies operating in western and southwest Missouri. In 1867 the old Lexington & St. Louis Railroad Company was reorgan- ized, and after a long and bitter contest, Sedalia was fixed upon as the point of intersection on the Pacific Railroad,. and in June of .1869 the matter was finally settled and a complete organization effected. The unexpended bonds of Lafayette County issued to the old corporation were transferred to the new, and a liberal fund subscribed by the county court. On the 6th of March Pettis County also tfoted for an ample sub- scription to build the roadbed through Pettis County to the Lafayette County line. April 11 ground was broken in Sedalia and a grand demon- stration' made, and a' large force put to work and good progress made before the winter of 1869 set in. Sedalia at once made rapid strides, towards greatness. The certainty of becoming a railroad center induced hundreds to locate here, and improvements increased on every side. Money was plentiful and merchants and mechanics were doing a lucrative business. The road was finished and opened to the public in 1871, and it is reckoned as the best paying road for its length in the west. It runs from Sedalia to Lexington, a distance of fifty-five miles, over some of the richest and most beautiful prairie country in Missouri. The products of Lafayette, Saline and the northwest portion of Pettis find an outlet to 516 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. market over this road. It was operated by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, with two trains per day running each way, from a short time after it was completed. It was subsequently sold to the Missouri Pacific Railroad, when the Pacific was under the control of Commodore Garrison. When Gould bought the Missouri Pacific it became a part of that system, and is now known as the Lexington branch of the Missouri Pacific. Hughesville and Houstonia, two villages in Pettis County and on the line of the road, have grown up and became permanently estab- lished since the building of the road. THE M ., K. & T. RAILWAY. By an act of the Legislature of Missouri, passed March 20; 1860, a charter was granted the Tebo & Neosho Railroad Company. The pro- jectors of this road hoped to build a road from Neosho, Newton County, then a prominent point in the southwest, to run in a northeasterly direc- tion, and intersect the Missouri Pacific at a point somewhere near the "high points of the Tebo," which it was then thought would be the line of the river route of the Pacific. The war came on, and during the excite- ment and turmoil this project was almost forgotten. When the war closed a new class of people flowed in and filled up the country; people alive to all important enterprises. The town of Neosho had been ruined by the ravages of war, and was no longer a place of importance. A number of parties resurrected the old charter, and went to work to have it so changed and amended as to authorize the building of a road through about the same section of country, but with different points of terminus. The Legislature in March, 1866, so amended the charter as to author- ize the Tebo & Neosho Railway Company to build a line from Fort Scott, Kansas, to run northeast, and cut the Missouri Pacific at a point west of the Lamine River, which is eighteen miles east of the present city of Sedalia, and Muddy ^ Creek, which is due north and east of Sedalia. The exact point of intersection was not designated because the managers thought they could get a large subscripton from Sadalia, if they ran the line through the city. Col. Thomas L. Wilson was the leader of this scheme, and made a horse-back survey of the proposed line. After a great deal of preliminary figuring, promises, threats and plans, the citizens of Sedalia voted to subscribe $50,000 to the stock in the year 1866. Col. Wilson, the first president, did not seem to have the necessary confidence of the people, and the city refused to turn over the $50,000 until they knew what would be done with it. In 1866, in the month of May, Col. Asa C. Marvin of Sedalia was elected president of the company. He had been an old and respected citizen of Henry County, Mo., was in the Union army of this section during HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 517 the war, was provost marshal of Sedalia, and was known to be a man of business tact and energy and the strictest probity. This fact awakened the confidence of the people all along the proposed line, and the people of Sedelia knew Col. Marvin so well that they at once turned over to him the $50,000 in bonds. Work was actually begun on the road in June, 1867, at Fort Scott, Kan. In September, 1867, " ground was broken " at Sedalia, with formal ceremonies and amidst much rejoicing. A small force of men was kept constantly at' work in Pettis and Henry Counties, Mo., until more money could be procured from the other counties. The president made a report in September, 1868, telling what had been accom- plished since the start, and this report was most encouraging to all. In July, 1867, the following amounts had been subscribed for the road: Bourbon County, Kan., $150,000; Henry County, Mo., $150,000; Seda- lia, $50,000; private subscriptions, $60,000 ; Fort Scott, Kan., $50,000; Clinton, Mo., $25,000. Total amount, $615,000. All this sum was expended in grading the road-bed, and as yet no provision had been made to purchase iron and rolling stock. Pettis County now subscribed $75,000 for the building of the N. E. extension to Boonville. It now became necessary to do something for the extension of the road northeast from Sedalia to intersect the then North Missouri Railroad at or near Moberly, Mo. It was almost as easy to get a county to issue bonds in those days as it was for a spendthrift to give his note. . The counties along the proposed Northeastern Extension all subscribed with prompt liberality and gave their county bounds to the road. In 1868, work was commenced on this extension. Over one hundred miles of road-bed had been completed at the begin- ning of 1869. But still no provision had been made for buying the iron and rolling stock. The people began to think that they would be called on for more money or bonds, as the only way out of the dilemma. Some predicted that a train would never run over what was built. The faint- hearted and short-sighted croaked and grumbled. But so much energy, time and money had been spent that there was 100 miles of splendid road- bed through a rich country and that was too valuable to be abandoned. The managers knew that. Eastern capitalists knew that likewise. In October, 1869, The Union Trust & Loan Company of New York entered into a contract to complete the road, iron and stock and operate it. The name of the road was at the same time changed to the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. This name it held for ten years, until 1881, when it was bought by Jay Gould and is now called the Kansas & Texas Division of the Missouri Pacific Railway. This company had a grander scheme in view than the mere completion of the road, between Moberly, on the north, and Fort Scott on the south, 518 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. as shown by their subsequent acts. They laid their plans to run it north to Hannibal and the Mississippi River, there to connect with the great north- west system of railroads that run to Chicago and the great lakes. The next move was to get the right of way through the Indian Territory. They got it by an energy and sagacity that showed they were masters of the situation. The next thing they had to do was to build the road to the Gulf of Mexico, . through Texas. This made the only grand diagonal line of road through the west central part of the United States from the great lakes to the gulf, and left Sedalia the centre of this grand trunk line. The company had millions of money and the ablest men to manage it. And as soon as they took hold of it the line was alive with men to com- plete it. Col. Marvin had done wonders with the means at his command, and deserves much honor for it, posthumous though it be. On the 23d day of July, 1870, the first excursion train out of Sedalia ran over the M., K. & T. Line to Clinton, Mo., forty-five miles south- west. On the 12th of December, 1870, the remaining 165 miles, to Fort Scott, Kas., was completed, and cars ran between Sedalia and Fort Scott. There never was, in the annals of railroad building, more rapid or excellent work done than was done on the south end of the line. In 1871 the passenger and freight traffic, over this line, had grown to such an extent that it was necessary to erect a union depot, near Engineer street, even before the extension from Sedalia to Hannibal had been put in full operation. This depot was burned in 1877, and was not rebuilt. The construction of the northern end of the Same road, from Sedalia to Hannibal, was also pushed with a most remarkable energy and rapidity. The road-bed on this division was ready for the ties and iron on March 13, 1872, and on that date the first were laid. In a little over one year the greater portion of the track was laid. On May 4, 1873, the first excur- sion train, on the northern extension, ran from Sedalia to the Lamine River, a distance of twenty miles. The large bridge over this river fell in just before its completion, and the time expended in its reconstruction delayed the running of regular through trains for some time. In April, 1873, the southern extension was completed to Denison,, Texas. Some time in November, 1873, the first through trains over the M., K. & T. ran from Sedalia to Hannibal and from Sedalia to Denison. In the latter part of 1873 the company established their general offices in Sedalia. The general office is now the Missouri Pacific Railroad Hos- pital, and is one of the handsomest, largest and best built edifices in the city. It is located in the eastern part of the city. From the time of their establishment until the M., K. & T. Railroad was purchased by Mr. Jay HISTORY OF SEDALIA* 519 Gould, the offices remained here and gave employment to a very large clerical force. All the officers in active service, from the general manager down to the lowest, resided in this city, and it always presented a most pleasing scene of activity and life. The following, gentlemen were the general managers of the road while its headquarters were in Sedalia: Col. R. S. Stevens, Maj. A. B. Garner, William Bond and A. Mitchell. James D. Brown, for many years the General Passenger Agent, succeeded in making the road known through- out the entire Union, by his ingenious devices in advertising and his skill and judgment in the preparation of advertising matter. It is only the plain truth to say that the M., K. & T. was one of the best advertised railroads in the world. Gol. A. D. Jaynes, the Cashier of the First National Bank, was for a number of years the Treasurer of the road. From the time the first trains passed over this line, until the present, the passenger and freight traffic has been very large, and has increased to immense proportions. For the five years previous to 1880 almost every train contained large numbers of emigrants on their way to Kansas and Texas to settle upon the cheap lands. Sedalia and the M., K. & T. Rail- way were inseparably connected, and became as well known throughout the country as St. Louis and Chicago. It was also known that Sedalia had really originated the road. In the spring of 1870 the present K. & T. Division Railroad shops were established here. There was a small beginning and only a few men employed, but they grew day by day, and building by building. In 1871, the first substantial buildings, outside of the original temporary ones, were erected. In 1872, the Union Depot was built in East Sedalia. The shops grew gradually until 1873, when more additions were made and they continued to increase their dimensions until 1875. In this year there were two hundred men employed in the shops, about seventy-five in the general offices, and about one hundred train men, who made their head- quarters in Sedalia. The monthly pay roll in Sedalia amounted to $25,000; the value of the company's property was estimated at $150,000; it was estimated that seven million pounds of freight were received by it at Sedalia, and nearly 25,000 tickets were sold at the station. An article written in 1876 upon the condition of the railroads in that year, says: There are employed by this company in various departments 203 men who are stationed at Sedalia. These men are paid monthly about $16,000. In addition to this there are 100 train men, conductors, engineers, brakemen, &c, who spend a greater portion of their time here and pay out in the city about $6,000 monthly. It will appear from these figures that this company pay out in this city annually about $250,000. 520 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. In the general offices sixty men are employed, and the monthly pay roll is $7,000; in the locomotive and machine departments there are forty- seven men, the sum paid them monthly being about $2,000 ; in the car department, sixty-five men, and pay them $4,000 per month ; miscellaneous employes 31, pay $3,000. During the year ending March 31, 1875, there was forwarded by this company 26,599,839 pounds of freight. There were received at this station during the same period 65,472,568 pounds of freight. The total number of passengers leaving Sedalia dur- ing this period was 23,383." In 1881, the Missouri Pacific R. R. Co., which also owns the M., K. & T., had the following in Sedalia: New brick shops in course of erection, $20,000; Missouri Pacific shops and machinery, $75,000; K. & T. Division, $50,000; General Superin- tendent's office, $20,000; General Hospital, $30,000; other buildings, $15,000. Total, $210,000. Total value of railroad property in Sedalia, including real estate, Mis- souri Pacific Railroad shops, K. & T. Division shops, General Hospital, Superintendent's and Dispatcher's office, Union Stock. Yards and miscel- laneous buildings, $250,000. Total number of men employed in 1880 in Sedalia, 362. In 1881 the total number, 562. Increase in one year, 200. About the same number are employed in 1882. Approximate "amount of cash receipts for freight received at this sta- tion in 1881, $240,000; cash receipts for freight shipped from city in 1881, $140,000. Total receipts in Sedalia for freights in 1881, $380,000. GRAND AGGREGATE, 1881. Total amount spent for 'material in all departments, $230,000; total expended for labor in Sedalia, in all departments, 1881, $496,000; amount spent for new buildings, yards, etc., 1881, $40,000; grand total for 1881, $766,000. Tickets sold at Sedalia depot in 1880, $83,717.45; in 1881, $111,126.10; increase in sale of tickets in one year, $27,408.65. The Sedalia shops are the only ones on the line of the Missouri Pacific proper, between Kansas City and St. Louis, and the only ones on the line of the K. & T. Division between Parsons, Kas., on the south, and Hannibal, Mo., on the north. THE MISSOURI PACIFIC SHOPS. The figures above, in the last few paragraphs, are the combined esti- mates regarding the Missouri Pacific and the K. & T. Division shops. The Missouri Pacific shops were not established in the city until the lat- ter part of 1872 and completed in 1873. The town had no Board of Trade at that time, but a free library had been established in the city several years previous, and the Board of Directors of this body had been in the habit of discussing all subjects of public importance. This HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 521 body of Directors went to work and organized a Board of Trade. A number of our most prominent citizens of the present day became mem- bers of it. Members of the Board learned that there was a possibility of getting a portion of the Missouri Pacific shops located at Sedalia. They agitated the question among the people; found out what propositions would be accepted by the railroad company ; laid the matter before the City Council and then influenced the latter body to enter into negotiations with the railroad authorities. The Council finally ordered the issue of $4.0,000 worth of city bonds to aid in building the shops, money was raised by subscription among the citizens, twenty acres of beautiful land purchased in the northeastern suburbs of the city, and these bonds and this land given to the railroad company, on the condition that all the shops on the line of the road between St. Louis and Kansas City should be removed to Sedalia and remain there permanently. Of the bonds $30,000 was delivered at once. In the fall of 1872 the work of building the huge Round House began, and during the year 1873 this and the large frame shops were completed. In 1882 the work of building the new brick shops began, and when the foundation was completed in March the remaining $10,000 in city bonds was turned over to the company. These shops, building and machinery are now worth from $75,000 to $100,000. In order to show what a large amount of work is done in the Missouri Pacific shops alone, exclusive of that done in the K. & T. Division Department, and the immense increase in thair capacity since they were started in 1873, the following statistical information, furnished by the proper officers, is appended: No. of men employed Jan. 1st, 1880, 276 ; No. of men employed Jan. 1st, 1881, 354; increase, 78. No. of engines running Jan. 1st, 1881, 76; No. of engines running Jan. 1st, 1880, 63; increase, 13. No. of locomotives repaired or rebuilt, not including repairs in the Round House, in 1881, 40; No. of same in 1880, 36; increase, 4. Labor expenses for the month December, 1881, $20,029.10; same for the month December, 1880, $14,120.80; increase in one month of year 1881, $6,170.30. Expended for material in December, 1881, $5,370.22; December, 1880, $3,312.93; increase in one month of year 1881, $2,057.29. Total amount paid out for material December,. 1881, $25,961.32; in December, 1880, $17,133.73; total increase, $8,227.59. Aggregate expenditures, 1881, $243,493.20; aggregate expenditures, 1880, $169,449.60; aggregate increase, 1881, $74,043.60. At the present time, July, 1882, the company is engaged in erecting a splendid new brick building for shops, which will cost when completed, $20,000. 522 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. These two sets of shops now make as fine freight, passenger and sleep- ing cars as are made in the best and oldest car manufactories in the United States. Everything but the casting of the car wheels is done in Sedalia. Locomotives are built complete and all the work of constructing them is done in this city, except the- work of casting the huge driving wheels and the casting of steel driving shafts, cylinder, heads and a: few minor articles which require special skill and machinery. THE MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD and its history, is inseparably connected with the life and labors of Gen. George R. Smith, the founder of Sedalia, and the chief promoter of the consummation of the project. For a complete and detailed account of the inception, progress and completion of this great line of railway the reader is referred to the early chapters of this history, and the biographical sketch of General Smith. SEDALIA, WARSAW AND SOUTHERN R. R. This is a narrow gauge road, and was built recently. It was chiefly the work of Sedalia. In 1869 the Osage Valley and Southern Kansas R. R. Co. built a piece of road bed from Warsaw to Cole Camp. It was intended that this road should intersect the Missouri Pacific Railroad at Tipton, Mo. The scheme fell through and the company forfeited its charter. In 1879 the citizens of Sedalia began to agitate the proposition to build a narrow gauge road from Sedalia to Warsaw, Mo., a distance of forty-five miles due south of Sedalia. Benton County agreed to give the old road bed it had graded from Warsaw, to Sedalia. In September 1879, the Sedalia, Warsaw and Southern R. R. Co. was organized in Sedalia with the following officers: Wm. Gentry, President; Gen. Geo. R/Smith Vice President; James H. Lay, Secretary, and Cyrus Newkirk, Trea- surer. The new constitution of the State forbids counties issuing bonds beyond a certain limit. As neither Pettis nor Benton County could issue any more bonds, it was necessary to build the road with money raised by subscriptions of the people. During the year 1880 the citizens of Sedalia subscribed about $55,000. About $40,000 of this was collected. In November, 1879, work was commenced on the road. It was com- pleted and ready for the cars in 1881. The first regular freight and passenger trains ran over it during the summer of 1881. The road is now taxed to its utmost capacity, and has opened up a splendid region of country to be tributary to the city. Cyrus Newkirk was the chief worker for this railroad. THE POST OFFICE. This is perhaps the oldest public institution, in Sedalia, and its propor- tions have increased with those of the city. It was established just before HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 523 W. J. BAGBY, GROCERY STORE, SEDALIA, MO. the arrival of the railroad at this point, in the latter part of the year 1860. The office was in a lone barn-like house, north of the railroad track, and in those days commanded a view of the roiling prairie, with here and there a farm house dotting the broad expanse. The first postmaster was A. T. Hodge, who remained but a few months, as early in 1861 he gave up his commission, and joined the Confederates. W. H. Cottrell succeeded him; he was also, express and stage agent, adding the duties of postmaster without any inconvenience. Ira Pierce of Oswego, Kan., was his assistant, and together they did a paying business in the grocery line along with the express matter, the stage agency, and postoffice. Mr. Cottrell leaving in 1862. Dr. Logan Clark, who was an old citizen of. the district, was appointed, with Miss Mary Kidd as, assistant, ,and in March, of the same year, the postoffice was removed to the south side of the rail- road to a frame house very near the site oi the present Smith's Opera House. Then in October it was again moved to a small room west of the present Pacific boarding house. On the 15th of October, 1864, the Con- federate General Jeff. Thompson made a descent upon Sedalia, and the postoffice shared in the general wreck, his soldiers making a thorough search of the house, and but few letters or valuables of any kind were left at their departure. In 1864 Dr. Clark resigned in favor of O. T. Crandall, 524 HISTORY OF SEDAI.IA. now of Santa Barbara, Cal., who took possession in January, 1865, and held it until 1867. The office was located in a brick house near the corner of Main and Lamine streets, where it remained until the fall of 1868, when another removal was made to the building, corner of the alley on Ohio street, now occupied by the co-operative store. June 1, 1869, [.Perry Hawes was appointed postmaster, and took possession. Harry C. Demuth, now captain of the Sedalia rifles, and a member of the book firm of Easton & Demuth, entered the office at this time and remained con- tinually until 1882, where he had been chief clerk, and practically manager of the office for seven years. He resigned voluntarily after a service of nearly thirteen years. He had charge of the books and accounts from the time the income of the office amounted to a few thousand dollars a year up to the time that the gross income amounted to nearly $200,000 per annum. In 1872 the building occupied by the office, on the corner of Pearl River and Ohio street, was consumed by fire. It was then removed to the ground floor of the building almost opposite, beneath the Bazoo news- paper office. It remained in that building until 1877, when Mr. Hawes, second term expired and Albert Parker was appointed postmaster. Shortly after his appointment the office was removed to a building espe- cially prepared for the purpose, on the south side of Second street between Ohio and Lamine. This is its location in ,1882. Under Mr. Albert Parker's administration there were very marked improvements made in the interior arrangements of the office that contributed much to the public convenience. The clerical force was increased ; a large number of new call and lock boxes were added; a general delivery window exclusively for ladies was added ; and a fire-proof vault for the storage of valuable supplies built. Mr. Parker also appealed to the Postoffice Department for the establishment of lamp-post letter boxes, and made such reliable and convincing representations that in the fall of 1881 twenty-five letter boxes were placed throughout the city. They have proved a great convenience. The arrangements, building and manage- ment of. the post-office were all in harmony for the first time. The Money Order Department was not established in the Sedalia office until the spring of 1866. From that time on the business increased immensely, Milo Blair was the next postmaster appointed, and took formal posses- sion of the office on Feb. 20, 1882. In 1864 the office paid the postmaster, by commissions, about $600. In 1869 it was made a salaried office, with a fixed salary of $2,400. In a year more it was increased to $2,600, and still later, with the rapid increase of business, to $2,800 per annum. In 1875 the salary was raised to $3,200* HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 525 In 1879 it was cut down to $2,600 with an allowance in 1882 of $2,000 for clerk hire. From the time that Mr. Hawes took charge of the office the increase in business has been steady and large. The following comparative state- ment will give a fair idea of the amount of business done. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. 1878. 1879. 1880. From sale of stamps, etc $14,853.93 $16,095.62 $17,096.89 Amount box rents 1,712.25 1,884.25 2,001.15 Unpaid postage collected 57.18 93.54 112.65 From sale of waste paper 2.71 6.57 9.04 Total receipts $16,626.07 $18,079.98 $19,219.73 Amount Money Orders issued $69,392.35 77,566.69 . 89,585.61 Amount Money Orders paid 65.S43.86 80,178.72 87,572.23 Number Registered Letters handled. 11,281 13,752 17,040 Gross receipts of office trom the sale of stamps, postal cards, wraps, etc., and from money orders issued: 1878, $86,628.00; 1879, $95,646.00 1880, 108,805.00. Increase in above items of gross receipts from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 18S1, $22,786. Total amounts of money handled in office by sale Of stamps, postal cards, envelopes, wraps and foreign and domestic money orders paid and issued, 1878, $152,862.00; 1879, $175,825.00; 1880, $196,377.00; 1881, 192,904.74. Increase in amounts handled from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1881, $44,515. Increase from Jan. 1, 1878, to Jan. 1, 1882, $40,042.74. A bill is now before Congress asking for an appropriation of $50,000 for the erection of a postoffice building in Sedalia, and in view of the present magnitude of the business done and its steady increase as shown by official reports the petition is a just one, and it is quite probable that there will soon be a postoffice building erected commensurate with the size of the town and the business done. The office has been conducted with such honesty and intelligence by its first three postmasters, Crandall, Hawes and Parker, that the Department has not lost one dollar. BANKS. The city now has four regular banks, with a cash paid up capital of $300,100. The deposits on Jan. 1, 1882, were, according to official state- ments, $834,545.37. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. This is the first and oldest banking institution in the city. It has a capital of $100,000 now, and started with the same amount. It was organized in March, 1866, by Cyrus Newkirk and Col. A. D. Jaynes. 21 526 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The former was president until January, 1874, when he was appointed cashier. Col. Jaynes had been cashier from the start. In 1869, James C. Thompson became assistant cashier, and is still in the bank. Col. Jaynes was in 1874 appointed treasurer of the M., K. & T. R. R. Subsequently he resigned the position of cashier and Mr. Thompson was advanced to the position. Mr. Newkirk again became president. The bank was opened in a small frame building a few doors north of its present location, and remained there until the latter part of 1868. In 1867, the fine building now occupied by the bank was begun, and was completed in 1868. It cost then nearly $30,000. This handsome build- ing has an iron front, plate glass, is heated with registers, furnished with telephones, and has a triple safe with the latest improved patent Yale Time Locks. The officers and directors are among the wealthiest and most solid citi- zens of the county. President, Cyrus Newkirk; Cashier, Jas. C. Thomp- son; Teller, F. H. Guenther; Directors: Wm. Gentry, largest land owner in the county, stock dealer and farmer; J. R. Barrett, large land owner, dairy and stock man; E. A. Phillips, tie contractor and capitalist; Wm. Lowry, large land owner and farmer; Jos. C. Higgins, extensive land owner, farmer and stock dealer, and the officers of the bank. The following condensed statement will show the extent of its busi- ness: Notes discounted in 1881, $302,275; deposits in 1881, $310,004; resources, $555,604. It has a surplus of $70,000 besides its capital. SEDALIA SAVINGS BANK. This is the second banking institution founded in the city. It was established in February, . 1868, by Mentor Thomson, an old resident of the county, and Elisha Brown, formerly of Boonville, Mo., and Jackson- ville, 111. Mr. Thomson was elected president and is still in the same position. Mr. Brown was the first cashier, and Mr. Adam Ittel, now cashier of the Citizen's National Bank, was the first teller. Mr. Brown died in 1872, and Mr. Thos. W. Cloney, for years a member of the first, oldest and largest wholesale house in the city, Cloney, Crawford & Co., became cashier. The position is still held by him. In 1872, Richard T. Gentry became, the assistant cashier, Mr. Ittel retiring to enter another bank. Mr. Gentry was in 1878 elected County Treasurer, a position he has filled with honor. The bank has a magnificent safe of the finest and cost- liest make, and a fine two-story brick building. The directors are: John L. Hall, Phil. E. Ohappell, John F. Philips, Wm. M. Gentry, John G. Rissler, V. T. Chilton, John M. Sneed, James M. Warren, M. H. Seibert, and the officers. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 527 Capital stock paid up, $50,100; current deposits, $150,000; surplus fund on hand, $21,200; Time deposits, $16,169; resources, $245,851. CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK. The third bank established was the above. The preliminary steps were taken in December, 1872. A large number of leading business men, farmers and stock dealers were found ready to take stock in the new bank. When all the introductory work had been completed, a meeting was held of those who had subscribed for stock and they elected a Board of Directors. Clifton Wood, the first merchant in Pettis County, an old resident— a man of means and business ability and possessed of the confi- dence of the county and city — was elected the first president. Adam Ittel was elected cashier, and still holds the same position. Mr. Wood died Dec. 9, 1877, when John J. Yeater was elected Presi- dent, and holds the same position still. Chas. W. Bullen has been teller of the institution almost since its foundation. B. F. Richardson has been the confidential book-keeper for a number of years. The bank occupies a handsome two-story brick edifice on the southeast corner of Main and Ohio streets, and has a splendid vault and fine safes, secured by the best Yale Time Locks. This bank has a capital of $100,000. In 1881 the bank,had nearly 700 depositors; an increase of nearly 100 over 1880. Average current deposits subject to check, 1880 $250,000 Same in 1881 300,000 Increase, 1881, about 50,000 Notes and drafts discounted in 1880 175,000 Same in 1881 200,000 Increase in 1881 25,000 THE MISSOURI TRUST COMPANY. This institution is one of Sedalia's best enterprises. It was organized for the purpose of doing a general business as a Trust Company, and takes charge of estates, endowment and trust funds, and invests the same in safe and paying securities. The scheme originated with its founder, O. A. Crandall, and its success has surpassed his most sanguine expectations. It was organized on July 3, 1880, with a paid up capital of only $10,000, and placed under the control of the following officers, viz.: O. A. Cran- dall, Pres't; A. P. Morey, Vice Pres't; and P. G. Stafford, Sec'y. At the end of its first year its capital was increased to $20,000, and the capi- tal will again be increased at the annual meeting in July to $50,000. Since its organization it has received for investment over $400,000, all of which has been loaned to farmers at an average of seven per cent interest per annum, on from three to five years time. The officers are the same as 528 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. when first organized. The Board of Directors consists of O. A. Crandall, A. P. Morey, W. H. Powell, W. T. Hutchinson, Jos. C. Higgins, Frank C. Hayman, and T. T. Clifford. PETTIS COUNTY BANK. This institution started in 1875, and was at first called the Pettis Loan & Savings Bank. O. A. Crandall was the first President, and held that position until July, 1880, when he severed his connection with it and organ- ized the Missouri Trust company. It was reorganized and incorporated under the Revised Statutes, July 1, 1880, as a regular banking institution, with Curtis Field, President; R. T. Miller, Vice President; C. M. A. Chaney, Cashier, and C. R. Field, Assistant Cashier. The Board of Directors are: Curtis Field, R. T. Miller, C. M. A. Chaney, Dr. Logan Clark, Henry C. Sinnet, Ed. Hurley and W. S. Baker, They have just completed a new and elegant bank building on Ohio street, between Fourth and Fifth streets, into which they moved May 10,1882. The bank has a paid up capital of $50,000. The building is fitted up in the most elegant style, with all the latest improvements and appliances calculated to facilitate and expedite business, or to add to the convenience or comfort of patrons. Safes of the best quality and manufacture, entirely fire and burglar proof, are built up in solid vaults of masonry. The building is worth $8,000. In 1882 Mr. Chaney retired, and C. R. Field became Cashier. Capital stock ' $50,000 Resources 72,000 Deposits 48,000 BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS, There are now five Building and Loan Associations in the city. Up to the first of January, 1882, there were six, but on that date the oldest wound up its affairs after an existence of eight years. Every one of them has done a splendid work , and they have been success- ful in accomplishing their objects even beyond the most sanguine expec- tations of their originators. The following figures will give an idea of the sums they handle and the amounts loaned to stockholders for the erec- tion of homes. THE PEOPLES was organized nearly six years ago. During the past year received $10,- 054.23, and disbursed $18,313.59. J. R. Webber, President; and A. P. Morey, Secretary; original capital stock, $250,000. THE MERCHANTS AND MECHANICS, organized eight years in July. By their annual statement, published HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 529 for Jan. 1, 1882, was given the following figures: Capital stock, $41,800; originally $200,000. RESOURCES. Stockholders' account $22,666 52 Bills receivable account 36,628 00 Expense account 1,912 84 Suspense account 2,831 74 Bonus account 9,158 70 Profit and loss account 885 82 Cash on hand 6 23 Total $74,109 85 Matt Zener, Secretary. THE SEDALIA ASSOCIATION. Eight years and eight months ago, the " Sedalia " commenced, as the pioneer of building and loan association in this city. Those who held their stock until it had received $200, the par value on each share. They had paid in $103.66 per share. The average time this money has been on interest is four years and four months. This makes about twenty per cent simple interest on the investment for those who left their money in the Association. The original capital stock was $150,000. THE FOURTH ASSOCIATION was organized in Jan., 1878, with a capital stock of $200,000, composed of $200 each. There has been a steady demand for all the money up to Jan. 1, 1882; 120 shares were cancelled; each share ip200. 273 shares stand redeemed by loans. This is equal to $54,600. J. H. Mertz, Presi- dent ; John G. Sloane, Secretary. The stock is at a premium. SIXTH ASSOCIATION. This one was organized in June, 1881, and is now seven months old, with a capital stock of $250,000. R. H. Moses, President; John G. Sloane, Secretary. HOTELS. — THE GARRISON HOUSE. Sedalia has houses of public entertainment in perfect keeping with all her other public and private enterprises. The Garrison House, formerly called the Ives House, in honor of its first manager, was completed in 1868, and occupies the site of the old McKissock House. It is owned by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, and is also the present Union Depot. It is a first-class establishment, finely furnished and complete in all respects. The building is now worth $28,000. It contains fifty-five 530 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. rooms, exclusive of dining room, office, bar, kitchen, servants' room, &c. The house contains hot and cold water, bath-rooms, water-closets, electric annunciator, gas, fire escapes, reservoir, and pipes for extinguishing fires and all other modern conveniences. It does a business of about $75,000 per annum in round numbers. George T. Brown and Charles A. Pratt were proprietors from 1873 up to 1881, when Mr. Pratt retired, leaving Mr. Brown as sole manager. sicher's hotel. This splendid brick structure is located on the corner of Ohio and Third streets, in the business heart of the city. It is 120 feet deep, forty feet wide and three stories high. Its value is about $25,000. The first half of the hotel was built about 1870, and in 1878 an addition as large as the original building was erected. It is solid from top to bottom. It contains thirty-five rooms, bath-rooms and water on each floor, gas throughout; is heated by furnaces and registers; has electric bells and annunciators, tele- phone communication, fire escapes in each room, beautifully decorated dining room, fine sample rooms and office. For the accommodation of guests there are thirty-five rooms furnished with as much comfort and ele- gance as those of the best private mansions. The proprietors, Joseph D. and Frank E. Sicher, are also the proprie- tors of Sicher's Park and the Park Hotel. This institution equals in all respects any hotel of the same size anywhere. THE JAY GOULD HOTEL. This hotel is of brick, three stories high, 120 feet long and thirty feet wide, and contains about forty rooms. It is located on the corner of Main and Lamine streets, and the property is owned by Mrs. Sarah Smith and Mrs. M. E. Cotton, daughters of the late Gen. George R. Smith. It was originally two stories high and was erected . in 1870 . In 1881 an addi- tional story was put upon it. It is worth about $18,000. The rooms are large, comfortable, well lighted and airy. The dining room is spacious, and the office large and comfortable. It is supplied with gas and water. A. L. Devereaux is the present, manager. THE LJNDELL HOTEL is a frame building, containing about twenty-five rooms. It was built in 1867 by William B. Riley. It was first run by Judge D. M. Leet, and was known as Leet's Hotel. It has been managed by a number of parties in the past ten years. The property is worth about $7000,. THE LEROY HOUSE is a frame hotel, containing about twenty-five rooms, located on the corner of Ohio and Sixth streets. It was built in 1867, and is worth about $5,000. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 531 THE UNION HOTEL, in East Sedalia, owned by Mrs. Mathews, is a large, well built frame hotel. It contains about twenty-five rooms, is well furnished and does a fine business. The property is worth about $9,000. KAISER'S RESTAURANT HOTEL, is located on Second street, in a large brick building, and does a large business. It contains twenty rooms in connection with a very large res- taurant. In addition to the above are the Pacific House, the Atlantic House, the City Hotel, all neat and comfortable houses, and a large number of board- ing houses in all parts of the town. MANUFACTORIES. The city already has several prosperous manufacturing establishments which are enlarging the scope of their work every year; adding to their facilities and increasing the number of their workmen. The past five years has shown a large increase in their business, because people have become convinced that they can get certain things at home, that they have hitherto bought abroad, which are of as good quality and at the same price. In the month of December, 1881, a careful, personal canvass was made among the proprietors and managers of all the manufacturing establish- ments in the city, and from them were gathered the following table of figures. This tabulated statement represents a week of labor on the mat- ter, and tells a very important story in a very small space. The character of the establishment is not mentioned except in the heading: Machine Shops, Agricultural Implement Makers, Boiler Shops, Foundry, Mills, Gas Works, Mineral Waters, Doors, Mouldings, etc., Wagons and Buggies, Marble Works, Brick Works, Brewery. No. 1880. 1881. 14 •.$ 22,000 $ 25,000 15 25,000 30,000 16 10,000 10,000 17 5,000 5,000 18 5,000 19 5,000 6,000 20 3,000 21 45,000 65,000 22 10,000 11,450 23 15,000 20,000 24 13,000 19,000 No. 1 1880. .$175,000 1881. $200,000 2 . 15,000 30,000 3 . 26,000 30,000 4, March 1. 3,000 5, June 1 . . . 7,000 6 7,000 9,000 7 7,00 n 12,000 8 8,000 8,000 9 . 50,000 75,000 10 . 20,000 25,000 11 . 19,000 23,000 12 . 21,000 23,600 13 3,000 Total $498,000 $629,050 Increase 1881 $156,050 532 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. These are the figures for all the establishments outside the great rail- road machine shops. THE SEDALIA FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOPS. This is the oldest establishment of the kind in the city except the Capital Mills. It was started in 1867, and ready for work in 1868. James G. Tesch founded and conducted it for several years. In 1873 the business was reorganized and a joint stock company formed called the Sedalia Foundry and Machine Company. During the year 1874 O. A. Crandall was president of the company. It ran under this name until 1878, when it was again reorganized and called the Smith Manufacturing Company. Gen. Geo. R. Smith was President; A. P. Morey, Secretary; and H. B. Fletcher, Manager. In 1881 a new set of men bought out the works and they are now run by Geo. M. Babcock and a stock company. The foundry building, machine shops and other buildings occupy an area of ground, 120 feet deep by 180 long. The machine shop is 100x35. The capacity of the foundry is five tons of iron and 1,000, pounds of brass per day. The offices and pattern and general supply and stock room is a fire-proof brick building, 22x80 feet. The property is worth about $20,- 000 and now does an annual business of from $30,000 to $50,000 per year. The number of men employed is from 20 to 45, according to the season of the year. The company rebuilds and repairs engines, mill machinery and agricultural machinery, makes all sorts of castings and manufactures sorghum cane mills. BARLEY BROS. & CO.'s AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT MANUFACTORY AND MACHINE SHOPS were established in 1867, by Samuel Barley, and his son T. K. Barley. The shops are now run by J. H. and Thos. K. Barley. The yards and buildings of this firm, located on West Main, west of Moniteau street, cover an area of about one-fourth of a block. From fifteen to twenty men are employed in all. Engines and mill machinery are repaired and rebuilt, and all sorts of repairs on agricultural machinery done. The works make a specialty of the manufacture of harrows and sulky plows of their own patent, and do a large business in this line. This manufactory, with its machinery and buildings, is worth about $20,000, and does an annual busi- ness of about $30,000. THE NOVELTY WORKS were established in 1875, by M. S., E. and G. Barrett, three brothers, under the firm name of Barrett Bros. The shop was first built in East Sedalia. In 1880 it was moved from Summit street to Second street, near Mill street. The establishment does all sorts of wood work, makes mouldings of every variety, doors, sashes, blinds, &c, and does all kinds HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 53? of sawing and planing. These shops also manufacture "The King" feed cutting box, and are now making over five hundred each season. The building is a substantial two-story frame, with a complete set of machinery for each kind of work. From ten to fifteen men are at work, and the business is increasing each day. The building and machinery are worth about $15,000. The annual business is about $15,000 to $20,000. MILLS. THE FARMERS MILLS. This is the largest institution of the kind in the city. Its proprietors are S . Zimmerman and Morris Ilarter. The mill was built by other parties, but did not amount to much until it came into the hands of its present owners and managers, who have made it all over and doubled its original size. There is little of the old mill left. In 1880 about $10,000 was expended on it. In 1881 a new three-story brick elevator, the best building in the '^f^^^M^W&r'i D. I. HOLCOMB, CHINA STORE, SEDALIA, MO. town, was erected next to it at a cost of about $10,000. The mill has five run of burrs, two sets of rolls, middlings purifiers, in short the finest, best and latest improved mill machinery known in the United States. In the engine room is the finest engine in Central Missouri, a sixty horse power, put in in the spring of 1882. This mill during the year 1881 did a business of $200,000. That tells the whole story. 534 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ZIMMERMAN AND HARTER's ELEVATOR. This belongs to the same firm, and is connected to the frame mill by a movable bridge. This building is of brick and is built as solidly as skilled workmen could make it. It is two stories high with a full basement. Length, ninety feet, breadth, forty-five feet, height, sixty-two feet. It cost in the neighborhood of $10,000 . It will hold twenty thousand bushels of grain, and one thousand barrels of flour. A tram way leads from the elevator to the Missouri Pacific Railroad track. Grain can be thrown into a .small car from the cars on the track, and run directly into the elevator. The whole value of the mill elevator, and machinery is about $30,000. kipper's mill is owned by Messrs. J. C. Kipper and Wallace. It is two and a half stories high, built of stone and brick, and is one of the most solid buildings in the city. It began operations in 1881. It has four run of burrs, and all the latest improved machinery. Its capacity is seventy-five barrels per day. Its value in round numbers is $17,000. The owners now have in course of erection a large brick elevator adjoining it. b. s. rembaugh's mill. This is a frame flouring mill, located on the west end of Main street. It was built and began operations in the winter of 1881. It has three run of burrs, two sets of rolls, and all other pieces of machinery of the latest patents and best quality. The mill can grind five hundred bushels of grain daily. The steam sheller can shell four thousand bushels of corn per day. The mill possesses every requisite for making the finest quality of flour, and already does a large business, and is taxed to its utmost capa- city. The building and machinery are worth about $9,000. m'neese's elevator is the first one erected in the city, as an experiment. It is a small frame building, not intended for the storage of much grain, but furnished with the machinery necessary to transfer grain from the wagon to the cars. It can elevate and load about five thousand bushels of grain a day. In 1880,. the first year it ran, it handled over seventy-five thousand bushels of wheat. It is owned by W. A. McNeese. THE BREWERY is owned and run by Messrs. John ' Helm and Jno. W. Siebe, and it is owing to their energy, intelligence and enterprise, that it has reached its present dimensions. The establishment is now worth, at the least, $50,000. The brewery was started in the spring of 1866, on a small scale by Messrs. Zeilliger & Heller.' In 1867 the latter became sole proprietor, and erected HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 535 the first "brick building, three stories high and sixty by twenty-two feet. The cellar and malt house were enlarged. Until 1873 the brewery did a fine business, when Mr. Frische became a partner. That year the malt house burned. The loss embarrassed Frische & Heller, and in 1873 they sold out to F. Schill and John Helm. In 1876 Schill sold his interest to Jno. W. Siebe. At the time the present firm took hold of it the brewery had a capacity of twenty-five barrels per day. From 1873, on to the present time, the proprietors have added brick buildings, new cellars, new ice houses, almost every year. The main building is 50x55 feet, two stories high. The mash tub has a capacity of 120 barrels. The brewing kettle has a capacity of eighty-five barrels. The establishment now covers over an acre of ground, has cellars that will hold 500 barrels of beer, and over them are ice houses which will hold 1,000 tons of ice. From top to bottom of the establish- ment is the best machinery known in this line of business and the estab- ishm ent is an excellent one in all respects. The annual business done by the Sedalia Brewery ranges from $45,000 to $65,000 per annum. Fred. Helm has a large bottling establishment in connection with the brewery and sends off large quantities of the beer put up in neat and convenient shape. CITY MILLS. This flouring mill is located on the corner of Lafayette and Third streets, and is owned by Chas. Neeson. It began operations in 1877, and has increased its capacity year by year. The mill has three sets of burrs and all the modern mill machinery. It has a capacity of grinding from 250 to 300 bushels of grain in a day. The property is worth about $7,000. THE CAPITAL MILLS is the oldest in the city, having been established in 1867 by Messrs. William and Theodore Hoberecht. The building is of brick and frame and is the largest in the city. In 1S81 $7,000 was expended by its new proprietor, John F. Antes, an additional story to the building, and a complete new lot of machinery for the interior. Every late invention in milling machinery has been placed in it, and it is now as perfect in all respects as a mill can be. The mill now has a capacity to grind 130 bushels per day or 39,000 barrels per annum. The value of the property is about $25,000. brunkhorst's saw mill was established in this city in the winter of 1881, and began operations early in the spring of 1882. This mill makes a specialty of sawing hard lumber native to Missouri, such as black walnut, wild cherry, maple, oak, sycamore, linn and cedar. The property is worth about $7,000. Not 536 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. only ordinary lumber is produced, but timber is cut into shapes and sizes suitable for such establishments as manufacture furniture, mouldings, etc., etc. The mill has a capacity to saw S,000 feet of lumber per day and now has all the work it can possibly do. WOOD AND COAL YARDS. There are four regular institutions of this kind and a few which deal in fuel in the winter only. The following is an estimate of the business done by them: no. 1880. 1881. 1 $ 6,000. $8,500. 2 10,000. 10,000. 3.... 22,350. 26,000. 4 1,600. 2,000. 5 25,000. 25,000. Total , $ 64,950. $71,500. INTERNAL REVENUE. A deputy collector of the United States Internal Revenue is stationed at Sedalia — Mr. Harvey R. Wheeler. No figures of the amount of rev- enue collected in previous years could be procured. The brewery gets a large amount of beer stamps outside of the city and these are not included in the estimate. The proprietors of the brewery say that they pur- chased in 1881 about $4,000 worth of beer stamps. The following figures for 1881 were furnished from the collector's books: Special taxes $ 2,619. Beer stamps 3,000. Cigar stamps 3,200. Total $ 8,819. BRICK MAKERS. There are two regular brick yards in the city which do a large business and are compelled each season to bring in brick from surrounding towns to supply the demand. W. E. LASHMET, in 1880 made and put into houses 580,000 brick, the estimated value of which in the walls was $4,850. In 1881 he made 1,000,000 brick, a por- tion of which were laid in walls by his workmen. The estimated value is $11,460. The increase over 1880 is considerable, but could not be exactly estimated. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 537 JOHN POHL. In 1SS1 made 1,800,000 brick, and the average price for which they sold was $6.50 per thousand. He employed twenty-two men at an average price per month of $35, and five teams at an average of $3 per day. He consumed during the season 450 cords of wood at an average price of $4.50 per cord, or a total of $2,025. The total number of brick used annually is estimated at 3,500,000. THE MISSOURI PACIFIC STOCK YARDS are located in East Sedalia, and cover an area of about five acres. They have suitable buildings for offices, stables and granaries. All the yards are furnished with an abundant supply of water from the city water works. They will accommodate about 1,500 head of cattle and there is sufficient land adjoining them, owned by the railroad company, to enlarge them at any time that it is necessary. Mr. John R. Skinner is the pres- ent manager. GENERAL BUISNESS. Nothing is more suggestive to the thoughtful mind than statistics, the actual array of tangible facts about any subject set forth in figures. The business history of Sedalia can be understood by those who live after this generation is dead and gone and by those who have never seen Sedalia by simply examining the figures relating to her business. The writer has devoted a great deal of time and labor in the accumulation of the following tables of figures. They were procured by a personal can- vass and interviews with merchant after merchant, firm after firm, from the beginning to the end. The reader will at once see what branches of business were represented by wholesale houses in the year 1881 and 1882, and the amount of business done in each branch, by an examination of the table: Boots and shoes, hats and caps, books and stationery, dry goods and notions, hardware, stoves and tinware, glass and queensware, agricultural implements, wines and liquors, rags and scrap iron, hides, wool and furs, grain, proprietary medicines. No. 1880. 1881. No. 1880. 1881. 1 $100,000 $125,000 14 $ 75,000 $100,000 2 175,000 200,000 15 90,000 110,000 3 100,000 100,000 16 46,000 56,000 4 95,000 85,000 17 35,000 40,000 5 70,000 85,000 18 . . . .• 100,000 125,000 6 100,000 125,000 19 152,000 190,000 7 130,000 140,000 20 100,000 125,000 538 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 8 56,000 72,680 21 50,000 70,000 9 23,000 ■ 25,000 22 25,000 30,000 10 17,500 23,250 11 5,000 Total $1,840,250 $2,270,930 12 100,000 125,000 Increase in 1881 $436,680 13 200,000 220,000 This does not include eight retail firms which do an aggregate of $25,- 000 worth of wholesale trade annually. This would make the total trade for twenty-three wholesale and eight retail firms amount in 1881 to $2,301,930, The above gives a general idea of the wholesale trade. The amount done by each separate branch can be seen from the following table; also the increase on the' diminution of trade. Separate branches of wholesale and retail trade: MANUFACTORIES. GAME, FRUIT, FISH, ETC. In 1881 $ 629,050 In 1881 $25,000 In 1880 498,000 . In 1880 21,000 Increase 1881 $ 131,050 Increase in 1881 $ 4,000 RETAIL DRY GOODS. BUTCHERS. In 1881 $ 307,000 In 1881 :.$ 135,000 In 1880 282,000 In 1880 100,000 Increase in 1881 $ 25,000 Increase in 1881 $ 35,000 SALOONS. UPHOLSTERERS. In 1S81 $200,000 In 1881 $20,000 In 1880 1S0,000 In 1880 $15,000 Increase in 1881 $ 20,000 Increase in 1881 $ 5,000 HOTELS, RESTAURANTS, BOARDING HOUSES. RETAIL HARDWARE, STOVES, ETC. In 1881 $225,000 I n 1881 $120,000 In 1880 175,000 In 1880 110,000 Increase in 1881 $ 50,000 Increase in 1881 $ 10,000 STOCK TRADE, FURNITURE. In 1881 $ 2,000,000 In 1881 $58,000 In 1880 about 1,500,000 In 1880 53,000 Increase in 1881 $ 500*000 Increase in 1881 $ 5,Q0O HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 539 RETAIL GROCERIES. MUSIC AND INSTRUMENT DEALERS. In 1881 $500,000 In 1881 $70,000 Inl880 425,000 In 1880 51,000 Increase in 1881 $ 75,000 Increase m 1881 $ 19,000 LUMBER TRADE. SEWING MACHINES. In 1881 $ 250,000 In 1881 $ 50,000 InlSSO 250,000 In 1880 50 > 000 TAILORS AND CLOTHIERS. SADDLERY. In 1881 $225,000 ln 1881 $37,000 In 1880 200,000 In 18S0 30 ' 00U Increase in 1881 $ 25,000 Increase in 1881 $ 7,000 HATS, CAPS, BOOTS AND SHOES. DRUGGISTS. In 1881 * 104700 In 1881 ? 103,000 f 18 H * 104 ' 700 In 18S0 100,000 In 1880 86,800 Increase in 1881 $ 17,900 GLASS AND QUEENSWARE. Increase in 18S1 $ 3,000 JEWELERS AND WATCH MAKERS. In 1SS1 $ 31,000 Inl881 $ 150 ' 000 InlSSO 23000 In 1880 150,000 LIVERY STABLES. In 1881 $ 40,700 Increase in 1881 $ 8,000 BAKERS. In 1880 33,900 In 1881 about $12,000 " MILLINERS AND FANCY GOODS. Increase in 1881 $ 6,800 4 OA nAn In 1881 about $ 20,000 CIGARS AND TOBACCO. DOLLAR STORES AND FANCY GOODS. Inl881 $ 42 > 000 In 3881 about .\...$ 15,000 In 1880 38,000 BRICK MAKERS. Increase in 1881 $ 4,000 In 1881 $ 50,000 Summary — Wholesale trade in 1881 $ 2,337,000 Miscellaneous wholesale trade not included in previous figures$ 50,000 Total $ 2,387,000 In 1880 $ 2,009,000 Increase in 1881 $ 378,000 Estimate from the actual figures given under the head of "Wholesale Trade" inl881 $ 2,276,000 In 1880 1,840,250 Increase in 1881 $ 435,750 540 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. CHAPTER VIII— CHURCHES. The First Baptist Church — The First Congregational Church — The First Presbyterian Church — The Old School Presbyterian Church — The Cumberland Presbyterian Church — The Ohio Street Methodist Episcopal Church — The Bast Sedalia Baptist Church — The Montgomery Street Methodist Episcopal Church — The Christian Church— The M. E. Church, South— The Episcopal Church— The German Evan- gelical Church — The St. Vincent Catholic Church. THE* FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, SEDALIA, MO. During the Civil War the American Baptist Home Mission Society of New York was steadily engaged in watching over and developing Bap- tist interests in Missouri wherever it was possible. Of course the possi- bility of successful work in a thriving, vigorous young town like Sedalia could not fail to attract its attention. Rev. E. T. Brown was appointed the Society's Missionary to this district. The individual history of the First Baptist Church begins upon Oct. 20, 1865, when, at the call of Rev. Mr. Brown, a meeting was held in the house of worship of the O. S. Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Second and Lamine streets. Rev. E. T. Hiscox, D. D., of New York City, a scholarly and affable Christian gentleman, well known in the denomination and acting at that time as Gen- eral Superintendent of the Home Mission Society's work in the West, delivered a sermon on. the words, " Ye are the light of the world." Matt. 5:14. At the close of the sermon nineteen persons came forward and, having given evidence of good standing in the Baptist Churches of their former homes, proceeded to organize as a church by unanimous assent to the Articles of Faith as published in J. Newton Brown's Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge, and by hearty and devout acceptance of the Covenant. The new organization was then formally recognized as the First Baptist Church of Sedalia, Mo., and the Rev. Dr. Hiscox, m behalf of the Council of Recognition and of the Baptist denomination, extended to the Church the right hand of fellowship. ' The following are the names of those who entered as constituent mem- bers: John Q. Bridges, Mrs. Martha Bridges, George Galliher, Mrs. Melinda Galliher, Rachel A. Bridges, Melinda J. Jennings, Mrs. Sabina Boyer, Barbara A. Kean, Elizabeth Tapman, John McKennan, Sarah J. Hansford, James M. Patterson, Mrs. Sallie Patterson, John Hubbard, Jennie Hubbard, J. A. Mitchell, Miles W. Barnard, Mrs. Elizabeth Barn- ard, Rev. E. T. Brown. Of these original members only three still remain with the church. The new church elected Rev. E. T. Brown Pastor, and John Hubbard Church Clerk, before adjournment on the day of organization. The first necessity was, of course, a home, and the members set them- selves vigorously to work to provide a house of worship. On Nov. 3, OLD SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SEDALIA, MO. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 543 1865, John L. Hall, John Hubbard and J. A. Mitchell were appointed trustees, and instructed to borrow $1,000 from the American Baptist Home Mission Society, to aid in the erection of a meeting house. On January 4, 1866, two of the trustees having resigned, a new board was appointed, consisting of John L. Hall, E. T. Brown and Geo. Galliher, who were also authorized to act as the building committee of the church. Two lots were obtained on the corner of Fourth and Lamine streets — one lot being a present from Gen. Geo. R. Smith. The loan had been secured from the Home Mission Society, materials were rapidly put upon the ground— and in May, 1866, the house was completed at a cost to the church of $5,500. The dedication services took place May 13, 1866, Rev. A. C. Osborn, D. £)., of St. Louis, preaching the sermon upon the occa- sion. The same day a sister McClellan was welcomed to the new home by the ordinance of baptism, and upon next Lord's day sister Mary Neet was baptized into the fellowship of the rejoicing church, which was glad to see in these successive baptisms an omen of happy years of fruitful labor in the Lord's vineyard. And in spiritual things these expectations have been largely realized. But in temporal affairs the members were doomed to some disappointments. At the dedication the church was supposed to be clear of all encumbrance, but an unexpected collapse of subscription lists left the young organization under the galling bondage of heavy indebtedness, and it was not until Jan., 1882, that the church by a resolute effort finally freed itself from all claims upon its property. The property is admirably located, facing the northeast corner of the Public Square. The tide of business may ultimately set so strongly in that direction that the church will be compelled to seek a refuge from the clat- ter of traffic farther up town, as some other churches have already done. For some yearjs to come, however, the members expect to cling to the old house, with its sacred memories of bridal and burial, prayer and praise. It is a plain, old-fashioned frame meeting house, fifty by thirty-six feet, hori- zontal dimensions, and twenty-four feet from the floor to the highest point in the ceiling. When fully seated, the auditorium will accommodate three hundred persons. In the summer of 1874 the building was greatly improved by the addition of two rooms, in the rear of the auditorium, for pastor's study and Sunday school purposes, though the improvement in point of convenience was counterbalanced by the addition of about $300 to the already heavy debt which the congregation of 1881 had to pay. In the fall of 1876 a further improvement was effected by the erection of a pipe organ worth $1,200, an instrument of sweet tone, which, under skill- ful hands, contributed no little to the pleasure of those who love the musical features of Divine worship. During the spring of 1882 the house under- went a thorough renovation. Roofing, painting and papering have made 22 544 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. the old house a sufficiently pleasant looking place of worship until the demands of the growing town shall necessitate a new and more elaborate edifice. As we have already stated, the first pastor of the church was Rev. E. T. Brown, who served from Oct. 20, 1865, to June 15, 1867, when his res- ignation was accepted by the church. As his record is mentioned else- where in this volume, it is unnecessary to speak particularly of his work at an important and critical period of the church's history. Of the pastors who have served the church, he is, as yet, the only one who has passed from the field of earthly labor. Some time elapsed before the pulpit was again filled. A call was extended to Rev. J. B. Fuller, which he was compelled to decline, on the ground of the reluctance of his existing charge to accept his resignation. But on June 5, 1868, the church, governed by the clear indications of Providence, as it devoutly believed, called to the vacant pastorate Rev. John Letts, of Ohio, a man of singular strength and sweetness of character. His term of service was a short one, for in June, 1869, against the strongly expressed wish of the members, he insisted upon the acceptance of his resignation. Though since that time he has had the care of other churches continually, he has retained his residence in Seda- lia, where, for his powers and virtues of mind and heart, sound judgment, genial kindness and Christian charity, he is respected by all and held in most affectionate esteem by those who know him best. For more than a year there was that most disastrous of churchly conditions, a pastoral interregnum. Calls were extended in succession to Rev. C. W. Whiting, of Boonville, Rev. C. C. Chaplain, of Virginia, Rev. J. B. Fuller and Rev. Elihu Gunn, of Iowa, and Rev. Green Clay Smith, of Kentucky, men of ability and experience. But none of them, by some singular fatality, could accept the charge. Failure after failure had sorely djscouraged the church when light dawned upon the confusion of the scattered congrega- tion. On March 1, 1871, Rev. Robert H. Harris, a genial, active, elo- quent preacher, well known to every church of Central Missouri, accepted the long vacant post. His administration was profitable to the church, though of no long continuance. In April, 1873, he was succeeded by Rev. Judson Carey Davidson, of Virginia, a young man of brilliant prom- ise and poetic imagination. His pastorate was the longest in the church's history, cotinuing six years and a half. He was universally liked, and especially popular among the younger people, but being very impressible he became almost too readily discouraged when affairs were not progress- ing as he wished. On four different years his resignation had come before the church, before it was finally accepted, Oct. 5, 1879, when the connec- tion of pastor and people was dissolved. Another considerable interval followed to dishearten the church and scatter the congregation, before the present pastor, Rev. J. B. Fuller, took charge, March 20, 1880. Under HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 545 Mr. Fuller's care the church has gone forward very quietly, increasing in numbers, but best of all, taking in hand to clear oft' old debts and improve its property. Gas has replaced the old kerosene lamps, inside and outside the house has been repainted and beautified, making a neat and comforta- ble home. In meeting these heavy financial demands the church has resorted to none of the popular but doubtfully moral ways of raising money so common in modern times. Rich and poor have joined heart and hand to pay as their ability allowed. The pastor is proud of his peo- ple and delights to tell how they have paid their expenses upon the old- fashioned scriptural plan. The church, at present numbering 151 mem- bers, seems to be in a condition of harmonious, healthful activity — doing a solid work in an unostentatious fashion, looking for the praise of God rather than of man. The clerks who have served the church from the beginning are John Hubbard, George Galliher, E. W. Bixby, John Stryker, J. H. Barley, W. A. McNees, Charles E. Gunn, William H. H. Hill, William N. Graham and Albert F. Whipple, who is now on duty. The church had been in existence a year before any deacons were elected, a most unusual circumstance. But on Oct. 13, 1866, James P. Leake and George Galliher were elected to that office. On Aug. 30, 1871, David Hills and D. A. Waterman were added to the board. Sept. 27, 1876, the board of deacons was re-organized by the election of James P. Leake, John Stryker, W. A. McNees and J. H. Barley, who continue to officiate. The present board of trustees is composed of J. P. Leake, J. Stryker, John L. Hall and W. A. McNees. J. P. Leake, the present excellent treasurer, has served in that capacity during the greater part of the church's existence. Owing to the non-existence of the early records of the Sunday School, it is impossible to. say just when or by whom that usual adjunct of a church was organized. It is known to have been in existence very soon after the church began its work — but from the memories of those engaged we can glean but little concerning its development and usefulness. From the church records we learn that the following named have filled the office of superintendent: Rev. E. T. Brown, J. P. Leake, John Stryker, D. A. Waterman, Rev. J. C. Davidson, Wm. H. H. Hill, Robert Zener, James Peabody, Ira C. Hubbell, C. M. Jacobs, R. H. Allison. The present officers are Col. J. D. Crawford, Superintendent; Rev. J. B. Fuller, Assistant Superintendent; A. W. Hawks, Secretary and Treasurer; Miss Mary Learning, Organist. Teachers— Mrs. E. Lamy, Miss Kate Bis- comb, John Stryker, Albert F.Whipple, Prof. LeRoy Birchfield, Mrs. Josephine P. Hatch, Mrs. Carrie Tomlinson, Mrs. M. E. Donahoe, Mrs. Julia Sinnett, Mrs. L. A. Tucker, Mrs. W. A. McNees, and Prof. F. A. 54:6 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. North with the following class: Mamie Learning, Dovie Barley, Mamie Neet, Mattie Letts, Flora Hatch, Susie Hawks, Florence Tucker, Flor- ence Lamy, Sarah Walker and Minnie White. The school has an enrolled membership of 145, and meets every Sunday at 9:30 a. m. This school, though not large as to numbers, is doing a good work and its future is a promising one. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Probably no church that has attained to such a position of influence, started from smaller beginnings than the First Congregational Church of Sedalia. Only one member of a Congregational Church lived in Sedalia when it was proposed to organize the society and build a church. Rev. E. B. Turner, the Home Missionary agent, seeing the prospect for an important town here, came twice in the summer of 1865 to confer with J. H. Mertz, the only Congregationalist in Sedalia, and was advised that a minister should be sent into this field. Accordingly Rev. J. M.. Bowers came and at once began active operations to organize a church. The church was organized, April 12, 1866, with the following original mem- bers: Rev. J. M. Bowers, J. H. Mertz, Aaron Brown, Mrs. Aseneth C. Brown, Thomas Tracy, Mrs. Sophia Tracy, H. L. Maynard, Mrs. Sylvia Maynard, Mrs. E. R. Newcomb. The call for a council to aid in the organization of this church was made, March 10, 1866, and articles of faith were adopted at that meeting. The following named ministers and delegates responded to the call and aided in the organization: Rev. T. M. Post, D. D., St. Louis, also Mr. S. B. Kellogg and Mr. C. M. Saxton; Rev. L. Bartlett, Kansas City; Rev. E. B.Turner, Rev. M. H. Smith, Warrensburg; Rev. L. Newcomb, Syracuse, and Rev. L.Jones. Rev. J. M. Bowers was ordained the first pastor of the church on the evening of April 12, 1866, at which the services were conducted by the following named persons : L. Jones, reading hymn ; L. Bartlett, reading scriptures; M. H. Smith, opening prayer; Dr. T. M. Post, ordination ser- mon; E. B. Turner, ordaining prayer; L. Newcomb, hand of fellowship; L. Bartlett, charge to pastor; L.Jones, charge to church; J. M. Bowers, the benediction. Mr. Bowers presided over this church till his resignation, which occurred Nov. 1, 1869. During his pastorate the church was placed on a firm basis, the house of worship was erected, .the bell was purchased and the most important revival in its history was experienced. The revival meet- ings were led by Rev. John Montieth, of St. Louis, in the spring of 1868, and were undoubtedly the most powerful ever held in the city; many of the prominent members of this and other churches professed conversion at these meetings. Rev. Bowers was a young man just from Oberlin Theological Seminary, and his ministrations and labors here were crowned HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 547 with great success. He was untiring in his duties both in heart and hand. He is now at Chandlerville, 111. The house of worship was built and dedicated in the spring of 1867, and its whole cost, including the lot on which it stands, was $8,000. It may be interesting to state in this connection that when this church was built, if the entire wealth of its members had been estimated in one sum, it would have fallen far below the cost of the church. At the present time the membership includes a fair share of the financial standing and business enterprise of the city. The church is sixty-two by forty feet, twenty-six feet ceiling and sixty feet tower, and will seat three hundred and fifty persons. The bell, the first in the city, made by Jones, of Troy, N. Y., weighs one thousand and one hundred pounds, and cost $600. A good cabinet organ, pulpit, carpets and upholstery are among the conveniences for worshipers here. Material aid in building the church was obtained through the efforts of the pastor and his friends, at Mansfield, Ohio. The Mansfield Church gave $1,500, the St. Louis Churches gave between $500 and $1,000, the Congregational Union gave about $1,000, the American Home Missionary Society mostly supporting the pastor for about two years, and aid was obtained from other friends in the east. Of those who constituted the first membership, nearly all have moved away. J. H. Mertz, one of the leading members from its organization to the present time, is one of the prominent druggists of the city. Aaron Brown came to Sedalia for the purpose of engaging in the hardware business, but soon commenced preaching, and in 1867 organized the Congregational Churches at Pleasant Hill and Greenwood. He subsequently removed to Indiana and, then to Ohio, where he now resides. Thomas Tracy, another of the original members, and its first deacon, now lives at Windsor, Mo., where he recently celebrated his golden wedding. Mr. H. L. May- nard kept a livery for sometime, and about five years ago removed to Wisconsin. Mrs. E. R. Newcomb remained with the church only one year, when she removed to Nebraska, where her husband was preaching. Rev. W. B. Seaver was the second pastor, and commenced his labors, March 23, 1870, resigning, July, 1872. During his pastorate about $2,000 was expended in improvements of the church, for gas, frescoing, carpeting, painting, &c. The pastorate of Rev. J. M. Van Wagner, which commenced in October, 1872, inaugurated a new epoch in the history of the church. His personal characteristics, original, style of preaching, social manners and general intercourse with the world, from the very beginning attracted the attention of the people and filled his church with earnest hearers. He served the church four years, and resigned to accept a unanimous call from the Congregational Church of Paris, Texas. There were seasons of revival meetings each winter, but during the winter of 1872-3 the largest 548 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. of his pastorate occurred. During these four years one hundred and one members were added, fifty-two by profession and forty-nine by letter, and the strength and influence of the church was much improved. The fol- lowing was sent to the General Association of the State in the fall of 1873: " Sedalia has been the recipient of marked favor from the Lord of the harvest. The membership of the church has been more than doubled, the gain being chiefly by conversions." His influence over the masses was very great and salutary. One day during the summer of 1877, when the great railroad strike was at its height in this city, Mr. Van Wagner was called upon by the officials to address the large and turbulent mob. His impromptu remarks were well received by the excited crowd, and it was said that they had more influence in restraining the strikers from violence than all other influences combined. .At one time during his ministry here he was invited and accepted a request to supply the pulpit of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, while the latter was away on a vacation. Rev. Charles L. Mitchell, a graduate of Yale College and Andover Theological Seminary, commenced his pastorate with this church, Jan. 1st, 1877, and resigned in Maj r , 1879. During his pastorate a parsonage cost- ing $1,000 was built in close proximity to the church on the west. Rev. Allen J. Van Wagner, son of }. M. Van Wagner, commenced his labors here, Nov. 23, 1879, and still continues a most acceptable pastor. In January, 1881, he was invited to be installed as permanent pastor, and accordingly was installed the February following. Rev. Dr. Goodell preached the sermon and acted as moderator of the council. Rev. Robert West, now of Shawmut Church, Boston, gave the charge to the pastor, Rev. Henry Hopkins, of Kansas City, gave the charge to the people, and Rev. S. G. Bailey gave the right hand of fellowship to the pastor. The church is in good condition, both spiritually and financially. The following was reported in October, 1881, to the General Association of the State, which met at Springfield, Mo. "Sedalia has enjoyed a marked degree of prosperity. A much needed revival followed the week of prayer; souls were quickened and many born into the kindom of peace. The clerk writes: 'The church is in the best financial condition in its his- tory ; more money raised than ever before ; audiences very large ; prayer- meetings well attended ; harmony and brotherly love prevail. The out- look is most encouraging.'" The present officers of the church are: J. H. Mertz, G. L. Shepard, B. F. Dean, Geo. H. Sanford, Deacons; G. H. Scott, H. L. Berry, J. G. SloaneJ. R. Webber, E.W.Sinclair, Trustees; A. E. Whitney, Clerk; E. W. Sinclair, Treasurer: The quartette choir is composed of excellent singers: J. B. Wilcox, tenor, chorister ; Morris Barrett, basso ; Mable VanCamp, soprano ; Mrs. J. B. Wilcox, alto; Prof. A. A. Gifford, organist. The Sunday School, with an average attendance of one hundred, is in a HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 549 flourishing condition. Superintendent, H. L. Berry; Assistant Superin- tendent, Geo. H. Sandford; Secretary and Librarian, Charles West; Teachers: Rev. A.J. VanWagner, Geo. H. Sandford, Mrs. A. E. Whit- ney, Dr. Geo Shepard, Mrs. H. L. Berry, Mrs. A. C. Ainsworth, J. H. Mertz, Mrs. J. B. Wilcox, Miss Minnie Fenwick, Mrs. Roll, Mrs. Evans, Miss Mary Goodell and Miss Sylvia Sheldon. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Soon after the beginning of the war, in 1861, Rev. John Montgomery, D. D., walked from Georgetown to Sedalia and preached one of the first sermons ever delivered in the town, in a small wooden house that had been brought up on the Mo. Pacific R. R., then being constructed. The audience consisted of a few citizens and quite a number of U. S. officers and soldiers. Dr. Montgomery continued to preach occasionally in Sedalia as did also Rev. Mr. Barbee. The latter induced the friends to buy a house that had been used as a church in Syracuse, and remove it to Sedalia. This building was moved and rebuilt in the spring of 1865. This was the first house of worship erected in the town, and is the same now occupied by the O. S. Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Second and Lamine streets. The population of the place was then about 1,000. It was built for a Presbyterian Church, but for several years was occupied by the dif- ferent denominations. The First Presbyterian Church was not formally organized till Aug. 11, 1865. This was effected in a school room situated north of the Mo. P. R. R., back of the present Garrison House, Dr. Montgomery presiding. The following persons were enrolled as members: Dr. Thos. J. Mont- gomery, John S. Brown, J. J. Monahan, Abram Meyer, Julius Huffman, Mrs. R. Monahan, Mrs. Adaline Meyer, Jos. P. Landes, Mrs. Sarah E. Staley, John F. Philips, P. G. Stafford and Wm. B. Wallace. The following were elected elders: Abram Meyer, W. B. Wallace and J. S. Brown. Dr. Montgomery continued to preach for the church till Feb. 25, 1868, when, on account of bodily injuries received, he resigned as stated supply. In Sept., 1866, a call was placed in his hands, but he was never installed as pastor. When Dr. M. resigned, he recommended the church to engage as sup- ply Rev. C. H. Dunlap, who had previously assisted him in a protracted meeting. Mr. Dunlap was employed and began his 1 labors, April 5, 1868, and closed them, March 3, 1872. The church up to this time had no connection with any Presbytery. At a church meeting held, Feb. 4, 1 870, the elders were advised to send a representative to Osage Presbytery of the General Assembly, when forty-one members asked for their letters 550 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. and organized what has since been known as the O. S. Presbyterian Church. At this time the Church numbered about 120 members. A division of the property was made according to the membership. The out-going members agreed to keep the church property and pay those who remained in the organization about $2,500. Sept. 30, 1872, a call was made for Rev. J. H. Miller, and he was installed the first pastor of the church, Oct. 20, 1872. Rev. Timothy Hill, D. D., of Kansas City, presided; Rev. C. H. Foot, D. D., of St. Louis, preached the sermon; Rev. D. C. Milner, of Kansas City, charged the pastor; and Rev. R. Irwin, D. D., of St. Louis, charged the people. April 12, 1876, this relation was dissolved by the Presbytery at Osage. Rev. H. M. Shockley was called as pastor, Dec. 1, 1876, and served the church till June, 1880. He was succeeded by Rev. George A. Beattie, who began his labors the first of July, and was installed pastor, Sept. 29, 1880. Rev. Chas. H. Fuller, of Warrensburg, preached the sermon; Rev. R. H.Jackson, of Appleton City, presided and charged the pastor; and Rev. J. S. Page, of Centerview, charged the people. At this date, Jan., 1882, all who have ministered to the church are still living. Dr. Montgomery resides on his farm near Longwood in Pettis County ; Rev. C. H. Dunlap is the pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Newcastle, Pa.; Rev. J. H. Miller is supply to the pulpit of the Second Presbyterian Church in Kansas City, and also in charge of a mission in the same city; Rev. H. M. Shockley has charge of the Presbyterian Church at Hutchinson, Kan.; Rev. G. A. Beattie is the present pastor. There has been an annual average addition to the church of twenty- one; on examination fourteen, and by letter seven. There have been sev- eral marked revivals. On Feb. 23, 1867, there were thirty-two additions, of these twenty- three on profession. In the winter of 1868 there was another revival. Again, in 1869, when twenty-three were added, thirteen on profession. In ■ the winter of 1881 the church was much quickened, and on the follow- ing communion twenty-three were publicly received, fourteen on exami- nation. The church has recently been much revived and quite a number have been added, with " more to' follow." Since 1876 the membership has more than doubled. Whole number added to the church is 347, on examination 121, and by letter 226. There have been added under the different ministers as follows: Dr. Montgomery, Aug. 11, 1865, to Feb. 25, 1868, examination 37, letter 63, tctal 100; Q H. Dunlap, April 5, 186S, to March 3, 1872, exam- ination 24, letter 59, total 83; J. H. Miller, Oct. 20, 1872, to April 12, 1876, examination 11, letter 30, total 41; H. H. Shockley, Dec. 1, 1876, to June, 1880, examination 23, letter 46, total 69; G. A. Beattie, July 11, 1S80, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 551 to date, examination 26, letter 28, total 54. The present membership is 156. * It was estimated in 1875 that the church up to that time had contributed for all purposes about $12,000. Since then $10,755 has been contributed, making an aggregate of more than $20,000. The first building as it stood at Syracuse cost $350, but its removal and addition of twenty feet made the total cost about $3,000. One of the two lots of the first site was donated by Gen. George R. Smith, and the other was purchased from him for $200. The present site, 120x170 feet, cost $1,500. The present edifice was built in 1870 at a cost of about $4,000, the board of church erection -contributing $1,000. While it was being constructed the congregation by invitation worshiped with the M. E. Church, on Ohio street. It was dedicated, Oct. 23, 1870. Rev. R. Irwin, D. D., of St. Louis, preached the sermon. The parsonage was built in 1877 at a cost of $900; other improvements were made costing about $250. The recent improvements, painting the church, furnace, carpet, frescoing, and seats cost over $1,000. The bell was the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Jos. G. White. The following is the list of elders: John. S. Brown, installed, August 11, 1867; Wm. B. Wallace, installed, August 11, 1865, died July 26, 1869; G. W. Cummings, installed, April, 1866 ; T. J. Montgomery, installed, April, 1867; A. McCormick, installed, August 14, 1867; Noah H. Tindall, installed, March 23, 1870; T. A. Switzler, installed, Sept. 29, 1872; G. W. Ready, installed, Sept. 29, 1872; Jos. G. White, installed, Feb. 28, 1875; Geo. Snedaker, installed, Feb. 28, 1875; R. P. Garrett, installed, Feb. 28, 1875; B. H. Croft, installed, Jan. 1, 1882; S. P. Johns, installed, Jan. 1, 1882. The present officers are as follows: Rev. G. A. Beattie, Pastor ; Geo. Snedaker, George W. Cummings, Geo. W. Ready, Jos. G. White, B. H. Croft, S. P.Johns, Elders. Trustees: B. H. Croft, H. H. Fleming, M. E. Burger. Sabbath School: W. D. Fellows, Superintendent; Geo. A. Beattie, Assistant Superintendent; H. H. Fleming, Secretary; Abram Meyer, Treasurer; T. B. Anderson, Librarian; Chas. Roll and S. H. Moore, Assistant Librarians. Teachers: Sue Gardner, Florence Atherton, Miss Emma Fellows, P. G. Stafford, Mrs. Van Brunt, Jos. G. White, Geo. Snedaker, M. E. Burger, Louisa Emerson, Loy Barrett, Mrs. J. G. White, S. P. Johns, Geo. F. Smith, Mrs. G. A. Beattie, Mary Gardner, Mrs. Geo. Snedaker, Mrs. Dora Swartz, Alice Parker, Mrs. Emma Sprague, Nellie Mitchell, Geo. W. Ready, J. S. McLean. Young People's Society: H. H. Fleming, President; Miss Libbie ■Snedaker, Vice President; Miss Frankie Miller, Secretary; Geo. R. McKean, Treasurer. 552 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The following is the annual report to the Presbytery of Osage, from April, 1881, to April, 1882: Added on examination, 9; added on certificate, 6 ; dismissed by certifi- cate, 1; died, 3; present membership, 161; baptized adults, 2; baptized infants, 1 ; Sunday School membership, 308. Funds contributed. — Home missions, $65.00; foreign, $62.00 ; education, $18.00; publication, $11.00; church erection, $16.00; ministerial relief, $16.00; freedmen, $13.00; sustentation, $19.00; general assembly, $15.00; congregational, $2,830.20; miscellaneous, $25.00; total, $3,075.20; ladies contributed, $431.00; collections in Sunday school, $250.23; woman's missionary society, $50,00; repairs on church, $1,228.00;' young people's society, $37.50,. The church begins the ecclesiastical year free from debt. THE OLD SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first minute in the record book is as follows: Sunday morning, the 30th of January, 1870, Rev. C. H. Dunlap, stated supply of First Presbyterian Church of Sedalia, Missouri,. announced that there would be a meeting of the members of the church on February 3d, at 2 o'clock p. m., to take into consideration the future interests of the church. The meeting was held; the future interests of the church were taken into consideration, and the result was that forty-four votes against twenty decided to connect the First Presbyterian Church of Sedalia with the Northern Assembly. The record of February 18, 1870, is as follows: At a meeting held in the Baptist Church this day, for the purpose of organizing an Old School Presbyterian Church in Sedalia, Missouri, the Rev. Jno. Montgomery, D. D., took the chair, as moderator. On motion of T. J. Montgomery, Wm. Groesbeck was elected secre- tary. The moderator then announced that he held in his hand a list of mem- bers dismissed at their own request from the First Presbyterian Church, for the purpose of organizing another church; and that if there were others who desired to unite with this organization an opportunity would then be given. The organization was effected; others gave in their adherence, and from that date to this, Sedalia has had, besides the Cumberland, two Pres- byterian Churches in its midst. At the above named meeting, Wm. Groesbeck, Dr. T. J. Montgomery and Col. Philips were elected elders. The former of these removed several years ago to the Church at Independence, where he is still active. Dr. Montgomery serves in the Church Triumphant. Col. Philips, we are sorry to say, will soon leave for Kansas City. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 553 The following named persons constitute the original membership, enrolled, February 18, 1870: William Groesbeck, Harriet Groesbeck, Mary E. Groesbeck, Annie Groesbeck, Mrs. Mary Philips, Mrs. Mary A. Barrett, J. F. Jenkins, Adam Ittel, Mrs. Ellen M. Ittel, J. R. Stewart, Mrs. Mary H. Stewart, Miss Mary E. Shannon, Mrs. Mary Sneed, J. A. Wallace, Mrs. Minnie Wallace, N. S. Henry, Miss M. C. Bush, Mrs. S. E. Stalev, Miss Anna J. Leet, Mrs. S. M. Cronks, John F. Philips, Mrs. Fleecie Philips, Louis Kumm, Mrs. Rosalie Kumm, Mrs. Madora Willis, M. M. Lampton, Mrs. E. M. Lampton, Miss Augusta Lampton, A. B. Barrett, W. H. Allison, Dr. W. C. West, Mrs. W. C. West, Mrs. Stella Wood, Mrs. A. J. Mont- gomery, Dr. T. J. -Montgomery, MissJMollie Smith, Miss Cammie Mont- gomery, Mrs. Emma Arnold, Geo. R. Keill, Mrs. A. E. Keill. All the foregoing were by letter from the First Presbyterian Church of this city. Mrs. Geo. G. Vest and Mrs. Mary Hogue were received by letter from Danville, Kentucky, and Platte City, Mo., respectively. The first pastor who served this church was the Rev. John Montgom- ery, D. D., one of the pioneer preachers of this county. He has aided in the organization of many churches in the vicinity, having preached the first discourses delivered in this city, and was a prime mover in the organi- zation of the First Presbyterian Church here. Dr. Montgomery was pastor about two years, when he resigned and Rev. J. E. Wheeler was installed pastor in the fall of 1872. His pastorate was successful, and, with regret, the church received his resignation on May 30, 1875. Rev. W. J. Lapsley was called for indefinite supply, preaching his first sermon on Sept. 26, 1875, and continued about a year. Rev. W. G. F. Wallace succeeded, and, as stated supply, filled the pulpit till Dec. 2, 1876, when he was called to the pastorate and remained pastor until Oct. 6, 1878. He was then transferred by the Lafayette presbytery to the evangelistic work in that presbytery. From this time until August 6, 1879, the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Dr. J. L. Yantis, of Brownsville. Rev. P. D. Stephenson, of Trenton, Tenn., was then called and served the church faithfully until May the 8th, 1881. Rev. A. W. Nesbit has been with the church since April 8th of this year, (1 882). The church has, undoubtedly, been hindered in its work by these fre- quent changes. No minister can begin to work effectively much under a year, and to have had no pastorate for over three years cannot be other- wise than detrimental. But in each case the matter has seemed to have been ordered as a necessity. Dr. Montgomery resigned, owing to the increasing infirmities of age. Brother Wheeler left only when the providence of God seemed to point the way to Independence. Rev. W. G. F. Wallace was appointed by the 554 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. presbytery to shoulder its evangelistic work, and Brother Stephenson's labor here was ended. And yet, notwithstanding this very serious hinderance, the results have been fair. During the twelve years of their existence they have : First, kept up the regular preaching of the word of God in their midst. Second, they have witnessed the addition of about one hundred and six to their original membership. Third, contributed on an average about $1,000 to the Lord's cause. Fourth, paid oft" a considerable amount of indebtedness (about $1,800) contracted in the very beginning of their church life. And fifthly, sustained a life comparatively free from the necessities of discipline in the midst of many temptations. The first and last of these specifications may not seem to amount to much. Really, however, had they done them fully they would have done their work. They really amount to everything. "To hold forth the word of life " and " keep ourselves unspotted from the world " is what God has put us here for, and beyond this it is not ours to go. Results the world demands, but results are God's, and could we but say that we had fully " sown " arid " watered," we might well rest content. On May 28, 1882, this church held. commemorative exercises including the reading of a brief church history. And as the organization expect soon to erect a new house of worship on Broadway, many tender senti- ments with reference to the memories that cluster around the old church building were expressed. On this occasion Col. John F. Philips, one of the old and prominent members, gave the following interesting reminiscences: I have recendy read the history of Presbyterianisrn in Pettis County, and I find that my own life is almost contemporaneous with it. In the year 1856 I was living at Georgetown, and was the only Presbyterian there; there were perhaps not a dozen in the county. Rev. James Laps- ley was living near Knobnoster and preaching in that neighborhood. I was instrumental in securing him to preach at Georgetown, occasionally. We had no church, and the services were held in the basement of a brick building, which is still standing. My duties were many. 1 was elder, deacon and sexton. I opened the church, rang the bell, built the fires, swept out the house, lit the lamps, went round the village to drum up an audience and took up the collection. I shall never forget my longing for co-laborers in the work of planting Presbyterianisrn in this county and preaching of the gospel to the people. Nor shall I ever forget the joy which was mine when that Kentucky delegation, headed by that noble man, Dr. Montgomery, and formed of kindred spirits, came to us. It was as the coming of the relief at Lucknow. , Dr. Montgomery at once set about his work, and organized a church at Priest's Chapel, twelve miles north of Georgetown, and I and my wife attended services there every Sunday, unless the severity of the weather HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 555 prevented. He then came to us at Georgetown, and there remained until the dark clouds of war rolled black against the sky. I shall always hold in fondest remembrance the life and work of this grand man among us. Dr. Montgomery needs no eulogy from me, but I cannot refrain from giving voice to the admiration I have for him as a scholar, an orator and a noble christian gentleman. Loyal to his Master, ever zealous in His service, strong in convictions of duty, and with the tender affections of a woman, this man of God won respect and love from all who knew him. Thank God, he still lives on earth. I cannot but recall the faces and names of the original members of the little band which worshiped God in this humble temple in the beauty of holiness — their lives devout, earnest, sober-minded. The members lived in the fear of the Lord, and took delight in His service. Some of them are living yet among us; others of the number are out yonder, in God's acre, sleeping in their silent homes. They are " beneath the low green tent, whose curtain never outward swings." No one, not a participant in the stirring scenes just after the close of the war, can appreciate the conditions which encompassed us in those days. When the fury of that internecine struggle burst upon the land, and the bugle call to arms was heard on every hand, this little band of christians drew close together, and were bound to each other as by hooks of steel. This was not only the First Presbyterian Church of the city, it was the church. What crowds flocked to its doors and listened in transport to the story of the Cross, as it fell in magnetic eloquence from the lips of the grand men who stood before them as God's messengers. I want to refer only in a historical way to the division which has been spoken of by Mr. Heard. The Synod of Missouri wanted to stand aloof from the quarrels and strifes which were disturbing other portions of the church. I wanted it, and my voice was ever raised for peace and union. I wanted this Synod to be the golden link which would bind the warring factions together in peace and harmony, but I was disappointed. The strife came upon us and there was a division. I care not to dwell upon the past. We have struggled forward from a weak beginning until to-day there is much to encourage us. I look with mingled feelings of sadness and pleasure at these old walls, and take part in these exercises. Sad, because this old church-home, where I have had so many seasons of rich spiritual blessings, is soon to be forsaken. Pleasure at the thought that such pros- perity and gifts have been bestowed upon us as to enable us to erect a more befitting temple. We are on the eve of giving up this old house, and it is fitting that we recall the past. Great deeds have been wro'ught here, great men have spoken here. There are grand and stately temples of worship in this State, but I ques- tion if in any of them loftier eloquence has ever been heard than has charmed and thrilled and stirred the crowds which have gathered within these walls. Here we have heard Dr. Montgomory, superb and grand; here have preached Lacy and Brooks and Nicolls and others of golden tongues and silver speech; and that prodigy, Bishop Marvin, of the Methodist 556 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Church; the tall sons of Ahab, the old men eloquent, and the young men burning with zeal and devotion. These are precious memories to me, and made more precious because I, too, am about to leave this old church and you. But I shall not forget you and trust you will not forget me. It will be with a feeling of sadness when I return here and find the old church gone; but I will be in part com- pensated to find you in your new and beautiful temple. You have much to encourage you. Be strong in the Lord. There are the very elements of strength in this congregation. There are harmony and zeal. Keep them both. You have a pastor of learning, piety and consecration, with strong practical sense, Hold up his hands, support him and cheer him, and the little cloud, now no larger than a man's hand, will grow and overspread you, by God's grace, until from out of it shall drop rich showers of blessings. May that time soon hasten. FIRST CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church was first organized by Rev. R. S. Reed, about the year 1869. The congregation languished for several years. In 1875 Rev. J. W. Riggins held a protracted meeting in Georgetown, which resulted in a great awakening and the resuscitation of the old organization and its removal to the town of Georgetown. The work of reorganization was accomplished by Revs. H. R. Smith and David Hogan ; Elders Dr. H. E. Depp, W. M, Ritchey, Milton Hume; Deacons Clarke Bouldin, J. H. Kuykindall and Samuel Sprecher. The congregation under the new administration seemed to prosper for a few years and then the period of depression came again. It is certainly a happy fact that this church believes in the final perse- verance of the saints. The years went by until, the society was again reorganized under the present pastor. Its career has been upward, and doubtless much good has been accomplished. In June, 1881, Rev. A. H. Stephens, who graduated the same year from the Theological School of Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., was -called to the pastorate of this church, it then being a mission under the care of New Lebanon Presbytery. The church was re-organized, July 17th, when Capt. S. W. Ritchey and Dr. J. P. Gray were elected additional elders, and Messrs. L. M. Trumbull and J. E. and W. H. Ritchey were ■elected deacons. At this time there were about twenty-five members from the old organi- zation. The following statement from the Sedalia Democrat's annual review, January, 18S2, will show the increase: "Rev. A. H. Stephens, the first pastor, has a church building and lot worth $4,000. The amount of money collected for church purposes from June 15th, 1881, to Jan. 1st, 1882, was $500. Mr. Stephens commenced his work last June, and the progress of the congregation has been very rapid and substantial. For zeal, brotherly love, and devotion to the cause HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 557 of evangelical religion, it is unsurpassed. - The prospects are most flatter- ing in every way. The number of regular members is 87. The average attendance at services is 150. The number of Sunday School scholars is 70, and of teachers, 8." The Sunday School was organized, Jan. 1, 1881. Dr. J. P. Gray was elected Superintendent, and Mr. L. M. Trumbull Assistant Superintendent. Under their management the school grew rapidly in interest and accom- plished much good. The officers elected, January, 1882, were, Dr. J. P. Gray, Superintendent; J. E. Ritchey, Asst. Superintendent; Willie Sprecher, Librarian; Miss Anna Devlin, Organist and Treasurer. The ladies organized an Aid Society in the summer of 1881, with the following officers: Mrs. D. J. Temple, President; Mrs. A. H.Stephens, Vice-President; Miss Ollie Depp, Secretary; Miss Carrie Sprecher, Treasurer. This society has done much good work in the way of visiting the sick, the distressed, the destitute and strangers. It also raised considerable funds for church improvement. In September, 1881, an Auxiliary Society of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions was formed with Mrs. A. H. Stephens, President; Mrs. E. B. Barnes, Vice-President; Mrs. L. M. Trumbull, Secretary, and Mrs. D. J. Temple, Treasurer. This society has grown rapidly in numbers and influence and has contributed quite a handsome sum to the general fund of the Board. In the latter part of 1881, Miss Mary Flaven, a very earnest worker in this church, formed the little children into a missionary band called "Little Helpers." This is acknowledged to be one of the best conducted and most thoroughly organized societies in the church. This church house was dedicated, October 24, 1881. Rev. W. H. Black, pastor of the Lucas Avenue Church, St. Louis, preached the ser- mon and Rev. P. G. Rea, of Slater, presided. The first Sunday School Institute of New Lebanon Presbytery was organized in this house, October 25. The Ladies Missionary Societies of the Presbytery held their first con- vention here, April 2, 1882. The internal work of the church is well organized and all of its powers are being rapidly developed. This church is well established and its progress is rapid and substantial. Its policy to avoid debt has been faith- fully adhered to from the first, and this one fact gives it a most excellent standing in business circles. The cardinal point before the congregation shall ever be the salvation of men and the upbuilding of the Christian, remembering the promise of the Master, " Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." 558 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. THE OHIO STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The partial organization of a Methodist Episcopal' Church was effected in Sedalia, in July, 1864, by Rev. C E. Carpenter, now deceased. It was then a part of the Sedalia Circuit, the bounds of which reached from Cal- ifornia, Mo., to Warrensburg, and from the Missouri River to Osceola, within which bounds there are now over thirty stationed or circuit preachers of this denomination. Rev. Mr. Carpenter began preaching in this extensive circuit in 1860, and remained until the following year; not having any appointment, however, in Sedalia, his nearest preaching place being about eighteen miles south of the present city. After his departure in 1861, there was an interval of some months in which there was no preaching in the circuit. Rev. C. E. Carpenter died at Fairfield, Iowa., in May, 1867, at twenty-nine years of age. In 1862 Rev. Stanford Ing, now stationed at Aullville, Mo., preached in a school-house in or near Sedalia, but the house having been occupied as a hospital for sick and wounded soldiers, the preaching was necessarily discontinued. In 1864 Rev. Mr. Carpenter returned, at which time the partial organization above referred to was effected. In November, 1865, Rev. George McKee, formerly of the Pittsburgh Conference, effected a permanent organization in Sedalia, with a member- ship of seven, viz: Elizabeth Hulland, Dr. J. F. Tobias, Jas. N. Johnson, A. McAlpine, Eliza McAlpine, Sarah A. Russell and Rachel McKee, the wife of the pastor. Two of the original seven still remain members of the church in Sedalia, viz: Elizabeth Hulland and Rachel McKee. Under the direction of Rev. Mr. McKee the present church edifice was commenced, the corner stone being laid in 1865. The building was enclosed and the lecture-room was dedicated by Bishop E. R. Ames in March, 1867. Rev. George McKee served the church faithfully during three years, after which, on account of ill-health, he was graqted a superannuated rela- tion to the conference, in which relation he continued until his death, which occurred at Little Rock, Ark., April 2, 1872. He was forty-one years of age at the time of his death, and had been in the ministry sixteen years. Rev. J. W. Bushong, now of Cincinnati, succeeded Rev. Mr. McKee in the pastorate charge of the Sedalia Church in 1867. During the first year of his pastorate, the main audience room was finished, and was dedi- cated in June, 1868, by Rev. Dr. Bowman, now one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The church, located on the corner of Ohio and Fourth stseets, is a sub- stantial brick building 45x65 feet, two stories high, with an audience room above and lecture and class rooms below. These, however, have been HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 559 converted into business rooms, the upper story only being used for church purposes. A neat and commodious parsonage adjoins the church build- ing. By a wise location in the beginning this society has come into the possession of a property that is increasing in value every year, so that there will be no difficulty in disposing of it whenever it is desirable to do so with a view to building elsewhere. The society now numbers 238 members. There is connected with it a flourishing Sunday School having an average attendance of 175. For several years Mr. C. G. Taylor was superintendent, under whose able direction the school enjoyed continued prosperity. He was succeeded by Mr. Geo. C. McLaughlin, and he by Dr. Ira T. Bronson, who is still in charge. The following named ministers have sustained the relation of pastor to the Ohio Street Methodist Episcopal Church in Sedalia. Rev. Geo. McKee, whose work and death have been already mentioned. Rev. J. W. Bushong, who subsequently was stationed in St. Louis and Spring- field, and was afterwards transferred to the Cincinnati Conference and stationed at Trinity Church, where he now is. Rev. L. M. Vernon, D. D., now superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in Italy and stationed in Rome; Rev. J. J. Bently, at present a presiding elder in the Missouri Conference ; Rev. J. N. Pierce, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Clinton, Mo., and formerly presiding elder of the Sedalia Dis- trict; Rev. G. W. Derment, afterwards presiding elder of the Springfield District, which was his last regular appointment in the ministry; he was granted a superannuated relation in 1879, and died in the same year at Paoli, Indiana, at the age of forty-one years. He was succeeded in the pastorate of the Ohio Street Church by Rev. W. H. Stephens, who has since been transferred to one of the Penn. conferences ; Rev. W. K. Mar- shall, D. D., succeeded Rev. Mr. Stephens, and was subsequently stationed at Central Church in St. Louis, and from that charge was transferred to St. Paul, Minn., where he still remains. His successor was Rev. H. R. Miller, who remained in charge of the church about a year and a half, when he was transferred to San Antonio, Texas. He has returned from Texas and is again a resident of Sedalia, having charge at present of the Montgomery Street Church. Rev. A. H. Heinlein succeeded Mr. Miller, and he in his turn was followed by the present incumbent, Rev. H. G. Jackson, D. I)., who came to Sedalia from the pastorate of the Grand Avenue Church in Kansas Cfty, having previously spent some ten years in the superintend en cy of the missions of his church in Buenos Ayres, South America. The above facts with regard to the various pastors of the Ohio Street Church are given not only because of their bearing on the history of the 23 560 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. charge, but also as an interesting illustration of the vicissitudes to which the lives of the ministers of the M. E. Church are subjected. The present Trustees of the church are C. G. Taylor, President; F. A. Sampson, Secretary; Geo. E. Dugan, J. W. Mills, E. J. Smith, J. C. McLaughlin and Mat. Zenor. The church is at present in a flourishing condition, and bids fair to con- tinue its career of usefulness in the years to come. The Sedalia Democrat of April 9, 1882, speaking of the present pastor has the following: "Rev. H. G.Jackson, D. D., the new pastor of the Ohio Street M. E. Church, is a native of Indiana. He graduated at Asbury University, Greencastle, of which Bishop Bowman was president, in 1862. Immediately after graduating he was elected Principal of Stock- well Collegiate Institute, an institution under the supervision of the North- west Indiana Conference of the M. E. Church. While here engaged Bishop Clark and Bishop Janes selected him as a missionary to' South America, and he was assigned to Buenos Ayres. In this field a special fitness for the service was so rapidly developed that after one year he was appointed Superintendent of the Missions of the M. E. Church in South America. Ten years of active service were given to this work. During this period Asbury University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. During his stay in South America a most terrible scourge, of yellow fever swept away 25,000 people of the city of Buenos Ayres where Dr. Jackson resided. In testimony of his untiring faithfulness among all classes during the great affliction the citizens afterward- pre- sented him with $1,000 in gold. Upon the rumor that the Dr. was carried away in the fierceness of the scourge the notice of his death was published, as in a former instance, in a large portion of the church papers. After his return from mission fields he was appointed pastor of Grand Avenue Church in Kansas City where he has just closed a successful pas- torate of three years. During the first and second years the church was relieved of a debt of $9,000. During the third year Dr. Jackson's con- gregation assisted in building new churches for weak and struggling charges in Kansas City to the extent of $5,500. Dr. Jackson leaves his . former charge entirely free from debt and in a most promising condition. He leaves the largest Sunday School west of the Mississippi River. Dur- ing the recent session of the St. Louis Conference in the city of St. Louis a special effort was made to appoint Dr. Jackson to the Central M. E. Church of that city, but through the persistent effort of those friendly to Sedalia, he was, in harmony with his own preference, assigned to duty in this city." THE EAST SEDALIA BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized under the direction of Rev. E. T. Brown, at 3 P. M., Friday, March 19, 1875, and according to the best authorities HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 561 the following persons constituted its first members: Rev. E. T. Brown, Mrs. E. T. Brown, Elder J. B. Hopps, Mrs. J. B. Hopps, Miss M. Hopps, S. H. Olmsted and wife, J. L. Thomas", sister Emma Hubbard, sister L. Pickard, sister Retta Titus. S. H. Olmsted was the first church clerk, and Rev. E. T. Brown the first pastor. THE EAST SEDALIA BAPTIST CHURCH. Elder Geo. Balcom, an Evangelist, held meetings in East Sedalia, immediately after the organization of the church, at which about seventy- five persons were converted, and received into membership. It is an interesting fact that Elders Geo. Balcom and E. T. Brown died in the same year; the former, Dec. 20, 1879, and the latter, June 9, 1879. They were associated in their labors for Christ here, and then soon joined one another in their reward in the better world. 562 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. April 17, 1875, the little church called Elder Brown to its pastorate, and with the exception of one year, in which Rev. John Letts was pastor, Elder Brown continued to minister to the church till three months before his death. Elder Brown, whose biographical sketch appears in another portion of this volume, was a zealous worker in the Baptist cause, was the prime mover in the establishment and building of the Baptist Church in East Sedalia. H£ built the church at a cost of $3,000, with his individual means, except about $200 in work and lumber contributed by other parties. Rev. S. D. Fulton was the second pastor, commencing his labors, March 15, 1879. Rev. J. M. Plannett, a young man of marked ability and flattering prospects, now occupies the pulpit, having accepted the call of the church in the summer of 1881. He is a diligent worker and an able expounder of the word. The church edifice, neat and convenient, is situtated on the corner of Fifth and Summit streets. It is provided with baptistry, bell, organ, infant class room, and other conveniences. A memorial tablet is hand- somely set in the wall on the left side of the pulpit with this inscription : SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF ' REV. E. T. BROWN, Born, November 22, 1818. • Suddenly called to his rest, June 9, 1879. In grateful recognition of the efficient labors of this worker of God in various fields, but especially in this place, as the founder of the church, the dsnor of its first house of worship, and until his death its friend and supporter ; this tribute is inscribed by East Sedalia Baptist Church . The church now numbers one hundred communicants, and though young is considered one of the most prosperous and promising churches in the growing city. James Bryson is present Church Clerk; Rev. J. M. Plannett, Supt. of the Sunday School; and Mrs. Plannett, Sec'y of the Sunday School. THE MONTGOMERY STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL, CHURCH, situated on the northeast corner of Fourth and Montgomery streets, in the city of Sedalia. The Church Society was organized in the private house of the first pastor, Rev. Frank Oechsli, situated on the corner of Fourth and Summit streets, on Wednesday evening of May 21, 1877. The following named persons united with the church at this time, and constituted its original membership, viz: David D. Wright, Benjamin F. Abbott, Cornelia Mathews, Rosa Demeal, Sarah E. Oechsli, William B. Hukill, Emily Gleason, and Laura B. Hukill. The society thus organ- ized at once set about securing a place for meetings. In the absence of HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 563 any other place to worship in, the pastor announced preaching in his own house, and accordingly here was preached the first sermon by the first pastor from the text, Lukexviii, 27, "The things which are impossible with men are possible with God." The next public service was held in Mur- ray's carpenter shop, on Engineer Street. Next, the hall over the engine house, on the northwest corner of Fourth and Montgomery streets, was rented, and the society moved their worship into it, and organized their first Sunday School, known as the East Sed'alia Sunday School of the Methodist Episcopal Church, on the 24th day of June, 1877, with Dr Ira T. Bronson for Superintendent. Here, with many discouragements and some prosperity, this young society struggled on till the session of the St. Louis Annual Conference, held in Kansas City, March 20, 187S. The lot upon which the church now stands was purchased by Rev. J. K. Tuttle for $315, and $500 was secured for the erection- of a church building before the above conference met. Rev. Frank Oechsli was appointed by the above conference to this church, which had been included and was continued in the Sedalia Cir- cuit, with Rev. R. H. Hanson, as assistant preacher. At the first quarterly meeting, held in East Sedalia about the 10th of April, 1878, a board of trustees was appointed for the Montgomery Street Methodist Episcopal Church, consisting of Dr. Ira T. Bronson, Benjamin F. Abbott, Charles Gordon, Albert E. McClure and William Irwin. Of this number a building committee was appointed by the Quarterly Con- ference, composed of Dr. Bronson, President, B. F. Abbott, Secretary, and A. E. McClure, Treasurer. The trustees met, April 15th, and adopted plans and specifications for a frame church, which was to be in size thirty by fifty feet, and excavation for the foundation began, April 25, 1878; and the carpenter work was commenced, May 22, following, in charge of B. F. Abbott. About this time the society gave up the hall and moved into a tent erected on the rear of the church lot, and worshiped here till the church building was inclosed. The work of building proceeded rapidly, so that it was inclosed, and suitable for service, though in an unfinished condition. Accordingly the society transferred from the tent to the church building, and the Rev. S. Alexander preached the first sermon here the first Sunday in July, 1878. During this year, up to March, 1879, the Sunday School, under the faith- ful superintendency of Dr. I. T. Bronson, grew rapidly till the average attendance was above 135. Revival meetings for five or six weeks were had, which resulted in a great spiritual improvement in the membership, and nineteen persons were converted, eighteen of whom united with the church, making now a membership of fifty persons, including the proba- tioners. A ladies' aid society was formed, which greatly aided the church, financially, socially and religiously. 564 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. One thousand dollars was raised by the, pastor and paid on the building and lots. The building was completed all but the pews and the belfry, leaving an indebtedness of $200 on the lots. Thus a year of prosperity, both financially, spiritually and numerically, ended. The St. Louis Annual Conference met in Springfield, Mo., March, 1879, at which session Rev. A. P. Salaway was appointed pastor. He makes the following minute in the church record: Preached my first sermon, April 5th; found the Church in an unfinished condition; completed the house, and it was dedicated by Rev. J. N. Pierce, Presiding Elder of Sedalia District, Nov. 23, 1879. A suf- ficient amount was subscribed on the day of dedication to pay the debt, but as is almost always the case some failed to pay. However, $25, or perhaps a little more, will pay all, except what is due the Church Exten- sion Society, which is $150, payable in three years from Jan. 1, 1880, at six per cent, interest, to be paid semi-annually in advance. The total number of full members who have had a membership in this church since its organization is 160. Of these, six have died, three with- drawn from the church, seventy-three have removed, and seventy-eight remain connected with the church. The total number of persons who have joined this church, on probation, is 103. Of these, forty-three have been received into the church, twenty have removed, two have joined other churches, two have died, sixteen have been discontinued, and twenty have been continued on probation. The total cost of this church building and lots has been i$l,555 00 Repairs and improvements since 187 65 Total amount paid by this church for the support of the min- istry is about 1,333 00 Incidental expenses of the church 500 00 Benevolences of the church 180 00 Support of Sunday Schools 500 00 The above figures, save those of the cost of the church, are not exactly but approximately correct. The following pastors have been appointed and served this church for the terms indicated: Rev. Frank Oechsli, 1877; Revs. F. Oechsli and R. H. Hanson, 1878; Rev. A- P. Salaway, 1879; Rev. S . Alexander, 1880- 1881; Rev. H. R. Miller is the present pastor. The present condition of the church is most encouraging, and the con- gregation may well consider itself fortunate in securing the services of such an experienced pastor as they now have. The congregations are good and improving, and the finances of the church are such that no embarrassment could be brought upon them, and the Sunday School is flourishing. The church has been a station on a circuit, but at present a distinct pastoral charge and will soon be self-supporting. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. £65 The Sunday School meets every Sabbath, with an average attendance of ninety, Rev. H. R. Miller, Superintendent, and J. W. Wyman, Secre- tary. The following persons constitute the present official board of the church : Rev. H. R. Miller, pastor; Rev. H. Hammond and Rev. A. Parker, local preachers; W. C. Gold, B. F. Abbot, J. F. Starr, Wm. W. Hendrix, J. W- Wyman, trustees; B. F. Abbot, E. Gleason, C. Mathews, W. C. Gold, stewards. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This church is located on the corner of Massachusetts and 6th streets. It was organized by Elder George W. Longan, the third Lord's day in May, 1861. Gen. G. R. Smith and daughters, J. W. Martin, Mr. and Mrs. Logan Clark, Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Dobyns, Mr. and Mrs. Jno. A. Read were among the charter members. Elder George W. Longan, then a citi- zen of Benton County, preached the first sermon ever delivered in Sedalia, and organized the first congregation. He preached in the store house built by A. T. Hodge, adjoining the old " Sedalia House " on the west, the last Sunday in April, 1861, and on the third Lord's day in May, fol- lowing, organized the first congregation. A house of worship was^ not built till 1866, when the present brick structure was erected under the superintendence of John Dejarnett, Henry Cotton, Dr. Logan Clark and G. R. Smith. Henry Cotton was the treas- urer. By some mismanagement, a debt was incurred in the building of the house, which hung over the congregation, and at times gave it serious trouble, and even threatened the loss of the house till the spring of 1880 when it was under the pastorate of J. H. Duncan paid off; being at the time of its liquidation fourteen hundi ed dollars. The original building was remodeled and repaired by Elder S. K. Hal- lam, at a cost of four or five hundred dollars, and since the debt was paid off it has been still further improved by the addition of an infant class room, a preacher's study, etc., at a cost of about eight hundred dollars. The property is now worth at least seven thousand dollars. The following preachers have been employed as pastors: Elder T. M. Gaines, now dead; O. M. Spencer, now located at Rich Hill, Missouri; J. W. Mountjoy, now at Paris, Missouri; G. W. Surber, now at Monroe City, Missouri; S. K. Hallam, now living on a farm near Windsor or Greenridge; N. M. Ragland, now at Clinton, Mq.; and J. H. Duncan, the present pastor of the church. Elder J. W. Mountjoy was only employed a short time, but he infused new life into the church, and it has been grad- ually improving ever since till the church now numbers over two hundred and fifty members. Since Elder J. H. Duncan was called, in January, 1880, there has been only one month in which he has not reported addi- 566 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. tions. The attendance also is constantly increasing and the congregation mainly peaceful and harmonious. T. J. Porter, W. W. Herold, and W. L. Felix constitute the present board of Elders. They hold regular monthly meetings at which the pastor is present. J. N. Dalby, J. H. Looney, G. W. Barnett, A. Farnham, and Mentor Thomson are the deacons of the church, who hold a joint business meeting with the elders and preacher the first Sunday in every month. The Sunday School has an average attendance of one hundred and fifty, with W. L. Felix as superintendent and Miss Maud Gent as secretary. One of the most inter- esting features of theSunday.Schoolistheinfancclassof J. N. Dalby, which has a room to itself, with a hundred red chairs for the little ones. The weekly teachers' meeting is well attended and full of interest. The prayer meeting is one of the best meetings of this church, and has an average attendance of seventy-five members. Mr. Phelix died May 3, IS 82. The church organized in Cotton's addition at the beginning of 1882 a Mission Sunday School, which has an attendance of seventy-five persons- W. H. Stotts is Superintendent, and John R. Clopton is Assistant. The ladies of the church have a flourishing Christian Aid Society, which meets every week, and does much to assist in the work of pushing for- ward the enterprises of the church. The young ladies also have a Mis- sionary Society, and the children are organized into a Children's Heathen Mission Society. The congregation is at present preparing to build a handsome parson- age, which will no doubt be completed this year. The church has lost the last few years by death some of its most useful members, among them was Gen. G. R. Smith, who died in the fall of 1 879, Mrs. Wm. Bard, and Mrs. R. T. Miller, in 1880, W. L. Felix in 1882. The congregation entertained in 1873 the State Convention of the Christian Church in a royal manner, and since then the State Sunday School Convention of the Christian Church, and will entertain in July, 1882, "The Missouri Christian Lectureship." The church is 'alive to both home and foreign missionary work, and is contributing liberally to each. It has in its membership some of the best and most influential citizens of Sedalia and Pettis County. THE M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH. The services under the auspices of this denomination in Sedalia until 1871 were under the Sedalia circuit, hence the history of this church as a distinct pastoral charge, begins on the aforesaid' date. During that year, (1871) under the direction of Rev. Preston Philips, a former resident of this city, the church building on the corner of Third and Massachu- setts streets was completed at a cost of about $3,500. In August of the same year it was dedicated by the late Bishop Marvin, and the first quar- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 567 terly' conference convened, Nov. 20, 1871, with Rev. Dr. W. M. Protts- man, president, and C. H. Riggs, pastor. J . R. Bennett, C. C. Woods, Milton Adkisson, M. M. Pugh and C. L. D. Blevens respectively have officiated as presiding elder. Among the first members of this charge occur the names of J. S. Lingle, Preston Philips and wife, A. G. Hudson and wife, Mrs. D. D. Fear, James Dickerson, George L. Bell, Henry Franklin and wife. Meetings were first held- in a private room on the second floor of a Main street store, and it is here that probably the church was organized. The names of the pastors are respectively, C. H. Briggs, Rev. W. Stephens, A. Bailey, Thomas Wallace, J. F. Hogan, E. G. Frazier, R. H. Shaffer, R. A. Halloway and J. C. Shackleford, the pres- ent pastor. The present membership is about seventy-five, and the following per- sons are the acting stewards: J. S. Lingle, William Scott, O. M. Harris and E. W. Mcllhaney. The Sunday School has an average -attendance of about forty, with G. M. Baker, superintendent. THE C AX VARY PARISH, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, of Sedalia, Mo., was organized in the year 1867 by Rev. Thomas Green. The records and data necessary for an authentic and complete early history of this church, as in the case of many others, are unattainable. Among the early and prominent mem- bers of this congregation occur the names of A. H. Thompson, J. C. Thompson, A. C. Orrich, moved away, Norman Maltby, deceased, Mrs. S. S. Vinton, moved away, O. A. Crandall, Mrs. A. H. Thompson, died, July 31, 1879, Mrs. A. C. Orrick, moved away, Mrs. C. A. Myer, deceased, Mrs. R. E. Harris, Mrs. E. M. Anderson, deceased, John M. Shook, Mrs. Norman Maltby, Miss Lucy Maltby, moved away, Seth Stoughton and wife, moved away, Mrs. Speddin, deceased, E. W. Brown, deceased, Mrs. E. W. Brown, deceased, Mrs. L. L. Bridges, deceased, R. D. Coles, moved away, Mrs. Mary Demuth, Mrs. Lottie Hutchinson, L. B. Jackson and wife, moved away, Willard Parker, moved away, Edward James, deceased, Mrs. E. James, moved away. The first services under the auspices of this church were held in a school house which stood just north of the present site of the Garrison House. After this the church, not yet having a permanent place, meet- ings were held in the court house, and in other places as they could find conveniences. Rev. F. R. Holeman, of Boonville, came, and regular monthly services were held, for about two years, during which the "Chapel" was built on the corner of Massachusetts and Fourth streets. Through the efforts of the ladies of the parish, three lots were purchased here, and after the Chapel was erected it became the regular place of worship till the building and lots were sold to M. E. Wann, in the spring 568 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. of 1882. The deed of the three lots was given by George R. Smith, Sarah E. Smith and Martha E. Martin, to the "trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Church, of Sedalia, Mo.," viz: To Samuel S. Vinton, A. H. Thompson and O. A. Crandall, and bears date of August 17, 1867, the consideration being $700. The property was lots ten, eleven and twelve, of block number eight, in the Sarah E. Smith and Martha E. Martin addi- tion to Sedalia. The first building, which was originally intended for a private parish school, cost about $1,300, but subsequent additions and improvements increased this sum to over $2,000. In 1869 Mr. Holeman was assisted in conducting the services by I. Mac D. Demuth, who was then a student for the ministry. And during the summer of 1879, Mr. Demuth, having a license as Lay Reader, conducted the church service by himself. In reference to the purchase of the first lots and building, Mr. A. H. Thompson, who was the first to make an effort towards an organization, gives the following: Most of the credit of raising the money to puchase the lots and build the Chapel is due to the untiring efforts of Mrs. Vinton, Mrs. Myers and Mrs. Thompson, who were the first and most earnest workers in this behalf, and also in raising sufficient salary to pay Rev. F. R. Holeman for regular services once a month. These services were held first in an old school house and afterwards in a building, used at the time for a court house. Mr. Holeman was rector of Christ Church, Boonville, when the engagement with him was made for monthly services, and it was during his administration that the Chapel was built and the first regular organiza- tion of the church had. Among the names of rectors who have served this parish are: Rev. Thos. J. Taylor, Rev. Dr. S. C. Thrall, Rev. Abiel Leonard, Rev. J. "Wood Dunn, Rev. William D. Sartwell and Rev. A. T. Sharpe, the pres- ent rector. Mr. Sharpe commenced his labors as rector of this parish, Dec. 1st, 1881, and has zealously performed his ministerial duties. This* religious organization now owns an ample building lot on the north- east corner of Broadway and Ohio streets, where they intend erecting a substantial and commodious church. Considerable money has already been subscribed to the contemplated house of worship, and at no very dis- tant day another beautiful stone structure will contribute to Sedalia's attractiveness. The private residence purchased with the lot, and stand- ing on the east part thereof, is used as the rectory, in which the present rector and family reside. As a place of regular worship the parish now use the hall in the Kruse & Fredrick block, on the southeast corner of Ohio and Seventh streets. The present officers who manage the temporal concerns of this church are: J. C. Thompson, Senior Warden; A. P. Morey, Junior Warden; W. H. Thorpe, Secretary of the vestry, and Charles W. Bullen, Treasurer. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 56& There are two guilds working in unison with the church, both in success- ful operation, the ladies' parish guild, and the St. Agnes guild. A prosperous Sabbath School of about eighty members meets every Lord's day at 9:30 with Rev. A. T. Sharpe, the Rector, as Superintendent; Homer E. Byler, Assistant Superintendent; and the following teachers: Miss M. Josie Keating, Miss Hattie Marvin, Miss Bettie Rosse, Miss Mamie Demuth, Miss Ida Sharpe, Mrs. Richard Woods, Mr. J. C. Thompson and Rev. A. T. Sharpe. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. In the population of, Sedalia, the German element is quite extensively represented. As the city developed from the humble dimensions of the town, each year augmented the number of immigrants, who had turned their backs upon the old home beyond the sea and sought a new and bet- ter one in the new world, the land of promise and plenty, of which so many tidings had been sent across the ocean. They prospered well, and as house after house went up on the fair spot where Sedalia had been founded, and one piece of sod after the other was broken for new founda- tions and walls, German perseverance, German diligence and German muscle were not despised, but eagerly called upon to"iend a helping hand in converting the rolling prairie land into a blooming city. Early in the existence of Sedalia the church tower was seen to rise among the new roofs, and while the prairie grass was yet waving in the summer breeze the church bell called upon the people to follow the nar- row pathway which wound itself up to the church door, from which echoed hymns of praise and thanksgiving to the merciful Father above. Sedalia grew and prospered beyond even the most sanguine expecta- tions. The homesteads increased in number, and one by one the mem- bers of the different denominations who felt in their hearts a silent longing for their old familiar church in which they had been baptized, where they had sung and bowed their heads in prayer, and to which they had bidden farewell ' when they went west to seek new homes and new fortunes, banded themselves together and erected their house of worship. But as yet there was no German church. Preachers of rationalistic tendencies, who endeavored to organize a congregation representing their own weak, stale and profitless views and doctrines, met with no success, as they deserved, and finally abandoned the field. Then the Methodist Episcopal Church senj her missionaries here and succeeded, with hard and faithful work, in establishing a congregation. . By far the greater part of Sedalia's German population belonged to the Evangelical Church, the union of the two factions of the church of the Reformation — Lutheran and Reformed — and their desire to worship in the church and in the manner of their ancestors was but natural. Finally the work was begun. "When the child 570 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. was born it was weak and puny and almost justified the fears, expressed on all hands, that it would not live to reach an age of usefulness. But it did live, nevertheless. The many diseases of infancy and childhood were, by the grace of God, successfully overcome and a strong and sturdy man- hood in time attained. In 1875 the Rev.. Charles Krafft, a member of the German Evangelical Synod of North America, at that time the German English Synod of the West, who was stationed and had charge of a congregation at Warrens- burg, Mo., visited Sedalia and commenced the work of gathering a sufficient number of people to constitute a congregation. He was an inde- fatigable and persistent worker and would not withdraw his hand from, the task once commenced: The work was a difficult one and of only slow, almost imperceptible progress . The field which had lain barren for so many years and had, under the labors of insincere and careless work- men, borne no fruit at all, was now overrun by a luxurious growth of rank indifferentism. But little by little the work progressed and in due time a number of believers had been gathered and organized as the German Evangelical Immanuel Church of Sedalia. In a spirit of true Christian charity and brotherly love, the First Presbyterian and later the Old School Presbyterian Churches came to the rescue and kindly allowed the young congregation to hold their services in their respective houses of worship. Rev. Krafft occupied the pulpit every alternate Sunday. The need of a building of their own became more and more pressing as the congregation grew and more regular services were required. Per- haps twenty families had joined the new church, and after mature and prayerful deliberation the erection of a suitable edifice was determined upon. A lot on the southwest corner of Main street and Washington Avenue was purchased, and in 1876 the corner stone was laid with impres- sive ceremonies. In due time the house was finished and dedicated to the , sacred uses to which it was henceforth to be put. It was only a modest little church 60x20, containing besides the audience-room of 40x20, four rooms in the rear to serve as a temporary parsonage which was, as may be inferred from the given dimensions, not extraordinarily spacious. Rev. Krafft was now unanimously chosen pastor, and in the same year removed from Warrensburg to Sedalia and entered upon the duties of his new field. For four years he continued in this work, and under his care- ful, zealous and conscientious ministration his charge became stronger and well organized. In July, 1880, he severed his connections with the church. At the time mentioned he was chosen missionary preacher in Kansas by the Synod and accepted the position. With sincere regret his church bade him farewell and Godspeed. Rev. Aug. Pistor, a young graduate just from the Theological Semi- nary, was sent to temporarily occupy the vacant pulpit until a successor HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 571 to Rev. Krafft should be chosen. This was done in October, when Rev. R. A. Johns, of St. Louis, was unanimously elected. He accepted the call and immediately took charge of the pastorate. Quietly and unostenta- tiously the work went on without any of the often more than doubtful expedients to which churches only too frequently resort — yet it went on. A new organ was bought, gas fixtures introduced and coal oil done away with, the property (fences, etc.) was improved and other changes for the better made. In the spring of 1882 it became apparent that the church was too small to accommodate the rapidly growing congregation. An alteration of the former was, therefore, determined upon. At a cost of, perhaps, $500 the walls and partitions in the rear were removed and the audience room accordingly enlarged, pulpit and platform remodeled, an entrance hall added to the front and a spacious study for the pastor built in the rear. All these changes were completed, and the re-dedication of the church took place on Sunday, May 14, which was a day of gladness and rejoic- ing. The church property may at the present writing be valued at about $4,000. The congregation numbers forty families (not members, but families.) In the Sunday School about 200 children are enrolled. A Women's Aid Society was organized in 1881, which is steadily growing in numbers as well as in usefulness. A Widows' and Orphans' Aid Asso- ciation is also in good working order. The future is bright with great promise, and the blessed success of the past justifies the hope that, as the years roll on, the Prairie Queen prospers and grows, and with it her German population, the German Evangelical Church of Sedalia will con- tinue to thrive in the Master's work and become more and more acceptable to God and useful to His people. ST. VINCENT CATHOLIC CHURCH. Occasionally, as early as the building of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, Father Walsh, of Jefferson City, came to Sedalia and held services in the section house near the present site of the Missouri Pacific shops. Also Father Mueller, of Jefferson City, and Father Hiller, of Boonville, visited this place and held services early in the city's history. In 1865 Father Calmer, of Tipton, took regular charge of the small congregation here and held services at Mr. P. R. Myers' residence. He was succeeded by Fathers Quinlan and Murry. In 1866 Father Swift took charge, and next year built the pastoral residence in the rear of the old church. The first church building was 24x60 ft., an addition to which was made during Father Swift's administration, also a new school house was commenced on a lot purchased from Gen. Smith just east of the church. Services were for a time held in White's Hall, until the school house was covered in. 572 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The Sedalia Catholic Benevolent Society contributed $500 towards the building, and had a hall finished in the second story, where the members hold their monthly meetings. About the same time work was commenced on the new, brick church, and by the united efforts of the priest and peo- ple the new edifice, 48x96 feet, and thirty feet high, was so far finished that in the spring of 1875 services were held in it, and the congregation greatly increased. Many have been the trials through which this people, comparatively poor, had to pass. The needed funds to continue were generously furnished by Mr. John Scullin's loaning Father Graham, on his own personal responsibility, means to furnish it. The old pastoral resi- dence being sold out for previous debts the pastor had to vacate, and live for several months in the school hall, until June, 1875, when a small resi- dence was built in the rear of the church. One of McShane's bells from Baltimore was purchased for the church at a cost of nearly $500, including the frame-work. In 1877 the Sisters of St. Joseph took charge of the schools. At the residence of the Sisters on the corner of Washington avenue and Fourth street there is a select school and convent which is well conducted and patronized. The church has a large membership, with Father J. T. D. Murphy as pastor. SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. In 1881 the Seventh Day Adventists built a church on Moulton and Ninth streets, which cost $1,500. The congregation contains about forty persons, and they have preachers and lecturers from abroad, and local lecturers. CHAPTER IX.— EDUCATIONAL. The Public Schools — Sedalia Seminary — Sedalia- Business College — The Press— The Bazoo — The Eagle-Times — The Sedalia Journal — The Democrat. "A little learning is a dangerous thing; Drink deep, or taste. not, the Pierian spring; For shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking deeply sobers us again." — Pope. Common schools are the glory and pride of free America, Colleges and universities develop and stimulate the occasional master mind; but the common schools educate and train the nation's multitudes, fitting them for citizenship. The eminent J. P. Wickersham says: "The dearest interest of a nation is the education of its children." Among the citizens of Sedalia there is a healthy and growing sentiment in favor of public schools. That old conservative element which retards and embarrasses the onward progress of modern thought has no preceptible following HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 573 here. The people are content with nothing less than the best advantages that good appliances and superior instructors will afford. When in 1880 it was proposed to expend $10,000 for more ample accommodations, six- teen hundred votes were cast in its favor, and only forty-nine opposed it. Again, in April, 1882, a proposition to levy a five-mill tax for the erec- tion of two new brick school buildings was carried with only twenty votes in opposition to the measure. The people of Sedalia have reason to feel proud of their well organized schools and efficient teachers. The members of the Board of Education are men well qualified for their responsible trust, both as regards their knowledge of their duties, and their active interest manifested. The first schools taught in Sedalia were private enterprises, supported by subscription and tuition assessments. The first school was "kept" in the first store room, situated on the present site of John Gallie's lumber yard. The store was owned by T. M, Hodge, and the school was taught by E. W. Washburn and his daughter, now wife of J. D. Claycomb, of Longwood township. This was during the war, and only a few pupils attended. Judge Washburn was a good teacher. Miss Laura Moses was the next teacher. She afterwards married Judge Chan. P. Townsley. Next, W. H. Allison built a frame school house, a little north from the Missouri Pacific general offices in East Sedalia. The building which he erected was two stories, and cost about $2,000. It was originally intended for a female seminary, and doubtless had the site been selected near the center of town, the project would have succeeded. Although a good scholar and fine teacher the enterprise failed and the building was sold. This school was the most important up to the fall of 1866, when the common school system was adopted. The school interests and conveni- ences of Sedalia at first did not grow apace with the business ; the families of several men doing business here lived in Georgetown where fair school advantages were offered. The present generation know nothing of the disadvantages to which the first residents of the city were subjected in school matters. The history of the common schools of Sedalia properly begins in the fall of 1866, and we shall give only- a succinct sketch of their organization and workings from that time to the present, (July 1882.) At an election of the qualified voters of the city, held the 15th day of September, 1866, in pursuance of an act of the General Assembly author- ing any city, town or village to organize, for school purposes, the follow- ing Board of Education was elected: Wm. Beck and F. Crandall, for a term of three years ; A. Ensel and Thos. J. Montgomery, for a term of two years ; E. W. Washburn and William Bloess, for a term of one year. At a meeting of the members of the Board, held Sept. 19th, 1866, for the purpose of organization, E. W. Washburn was elected President; F. Crandall, Secretary, and Wm. Beck, Treasurer. 574 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. An enumeration of the children in the city between the ages of five and twenty-one being authorized by the Board, the number reported October, 1866, was as follows: Whites— Males, 262; Females, 283. Total, 545. Colored— Males, 108; Females, 113. Total, 221. Total number of children in the district of school age, 766. Taking the present limits of school age," the above number would approximate 670, which, compared with the last enumeration, 3,664, gives a fair exhibit of the growth of the city during the past sixteen years, and also somewhat of the difficulties which the different Boards have encount- ered from year to year, in providing adequate means for the accommoda- tion of the rapidly increasing number of pupils. Initiatory steps were taken in the early part of 1867 to erect two suitable school buildings; one north and the other south of the Pacific railroad, and to this end the ground on which the Broadway school building was after- wards erected, was purchased; city bonds to the amount of $30,000 were issued; a committee was delegated to visit St. Louis and Chicago to obtain the best plans and specifications for school buildings, and other active preparations were entered upon by the school board to provide school facilities at as early a date as possible. July 5th, 1867, A. Ensel and William Bloess resigned, whereupon Richard Ritter and A. C. Marvin were appointed to fill the lespective vacancies. At a meeting of the Board held August 12th, 1867, Prof. G. O. Brown, of Ohio, was elected Superintendent of the Sedalia Public Schools for a term of six months, commencing on the first day of January, 1868, at a salary of $140 per month, to which position he was again elected for the year 1868-69, at a salary of $1,500. He, in connection with Prof. G. W.. Ready, then principal of the High School, succeeded in organizing' the schools in such a manner as to render them at once popular with the citizens; efficient in their management as to the gradation and progress of the pupils, and the whole system was placed upon a permanent and sure basis. Surrounded by serious obstacles at the outset,ihey. by their energy and their adaptation for the work, assisted by an efficient School Board, succeeded in placing the Sedalia Schools in the front rank of city graded schools. The Broadway school buildidg was erected during the year, 1867, in accordance with plans submitted to the Board by the committee appointed for that purpose. The first school was organized Feb. 10th, 1868, in the Broadway build- ing, with the following corps of teachers : Grammar grades, Misses Pea- body and Griffin, at a salary of $60 per month; Intermediate grades, Mrs. Brown and Miss Tindall, at a salary of $50 per month, each; Primary grades, Misses Adamson and.Grdesbeck, at a salary of $40 per month, each ; Prof. G. W. Ready, principal of the High School, at a salary of HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 575 $85 per month. At a subsequent meeting the salaries of the Primary teachers were increased to $50 per month, and Miss Jennie Bard employed as an assistant, at a salary of $40 per month. Mr. Miller was employed to teach the colored school, north of the railroad, in the building prepared for that purpose. At a meeting of the Board held May 30, 1868, it was unanimously agreed to issue bonds to the amount of ten thousand dollars, for the pur • pose of erecting a new building north of the railroad for the further accommodation of the pupils residing in that portion of the city. St. CLOUD STOCK FARM— R. W. GENTRY, SEDALIA, MO. For the school year 1868-69, all the teachers employed the previous year were re-elected, and Misses Kidd and Joplin added to the number. At the school election, held Sept. 12, 1868, Dr. J. F. Tobias and J. P. Leake, were chosen members of the Board, and upon a re-organization, E. W. Washburn was again chosen president, F. Crandall, secretary, and Wm. Beck, treasurer. E. W. Washburn resigned his position as a mem- ber of the Board Jan. 30, 1869, and on February 4th, Dr. Thos. J. Mont- gomery was chosen to fill the vavancy. A re-organization being neces- sary, F. Crandall was elected president, Wm. Beck, secretary, and J. P. Leake, treasurer. On May 29, 1868, Prof. G. W. Ready was elected Superintendent of 24 576 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. the Schools, a position he continued to fill for nine consecutive years, which alone is sufficient evidence of his ability as an educator, and of his worth as a citizen. During the year 1870, the two-story brick building north of the Pacific Railroad, now known as the Franklin School, was erected and occupied, with W. O. Dunlap, principal, and Misses Kidd, Maddox and Wad- leigh, assistants. Owing to the want of funds, the school term for the year 1871-72 was shortened to thirty weeks, which, with the exception of one year, con- tinued to be the case until the year 1876-77, when it became necessary to make the term only twenty-four weeks. During the following year the same length of term again was held. This was found to interfere very materially with the grading and progress of the schools. Private classes were formed after the close of the public schools, which unavoidably gave rise to fresh difficulties at the opening of the schools the following year. Circumstances beyond the control of the School Board and Superintend- ent, unfortunately, rendered this course imperative. On May 29, 1873, a proposition was submitted to the qualified voters of the city, to issue bonds to the amount of $12,000, for the purpose of erecting a two-story brick building in East Sedalia, on the block situated on East Broadway, which had been previously purchased for that pur- pose. The proposition failing to receive the required number of votes to secure its adoption, the Board proceeded to erect a two room frame build- ing, which was completed and used as a school the same year. This school, known as Washington School, was under the care of Miss Mary Green as principal, and Miss Minnie Chappelear as assistant. In. August, 1874, Prof. E. R. Booth was elected principal of the High School, and at the close of the term, the following pupils having com- pleted the regular course of study, were awarded diplomas: Misses Maud Gent, Ellen Hackett, Georgia Jackson, Dora Lamy and Bettie Rogers. This was the first class that graduated from the High School, and the only one previous to the class of '81. Four of the members were elected teachers in the schools of this city for the following year, and three still continue to hold the positions to which they were then chosen. They have faithfully and successfully discharged the duties pertaining to their respective positions, reflecting credit alike upon themselves and the school from which they graduated. At a meeting of the School Board, held August 8, 1876, it was deter- mined to suspend the High School department in consequence of the lim- ited funds at the disposal of the Board. For the same reason the Ger- man department was also abolished. As a result of this action of the Board the High School department HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 577 was eliminated during the two subsequent years, and only partially restored for two years more. In consequence of changes made in the school law of the State, vacan- cies were created in all the positions held by the different members of the Board, April, 1878, and at the regular election held at that time, the fol- lowing gentlemen were chosen to fill the vacancies thus created: David Blocher, A. H. Conkwright, John A. Lacy, Henry Lamm, J. H. Mertz and E. L. Phipps. It was but natural that changes should be expected upon the election of an entirely new Board of Directors. The patrons of the schools were desirous of an extension of the school session, and increased school facilities. The board set themselves assiduously to work a t carry out the wishes of the people. The school term was lengthened to thirty-six weeks, and two additional rooms secured for East Sedalia and one for Lincoln School. To accomplish these, and at the same time meet past indebtedness, it was found necessary to reduce the salaries ot the teachers from that paid in former years at least twenty per centum, and also to ask for an additional tax levy. This was generously responded to by the citi- zens, at a special election, held for that purpose. To curtail the expenses still further, it was deemed best to abolish the office of superintendent, and to make the principal of Broadway School the chief executive officer. Before the opening of the schools, however, it was deemed impractitable, by a majority of the committee on rules and regulations, to dispense entirely with supervisory work, and to a certain extent the same duties that are usually discharged by a superintendent, were delegated by them to the chief principal. An assistant was employed for Broadway School, so that the chief principal was left without the care of a room, and his time could be partly devoted to the general management of the schools. This plan is still pursued, and in accordance with a resolution of the board, one-half of his time is devoted to teaching, the other half to supervision. NAMES OF GRADUATES — SEDALIA HIGH SCHOOL. 1875. Maud Gent, Georgia Jackson, Ellen Hackett, Dora Lamy, Bet- tie Rogers. 1881. Winnie Armes, Mamie Demutb, Annie Devlin, Orlena Heinline, Stella Heinline, Mamie Hogue, Fannie Owens, Sallie Porter, Addie Reed, Lucy Reynolds, May Slaughter, Allen Sturgis, Lizzie Wagenlander, Merritt Yeater. 1882. Nellie Branen, Mamie Cully, Allie Chapman, Hattie Gold, Syl- via Sheldon, Kittie Shively, Madge Sturgis, Lewis Waller. The following is a list of the members of the respective school boards, with date of official term : 578 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 1866-67. E. W. Washburn, Pres.; F. Crandall, Sec; Wm. Beck, Treas.; Wm. Bloess, A. Ensel, Dr. Thos. J. Montgomery. 1867-68. E. W. Washburn, Pres.; Richard Ritter, Sec; Wm. Beck, Treas.; A. C. Marvin, Dr. Thos. J. Montgomery, F. Crandall. 1868-69. E. W. Washburn, Pres.; F. Crandall, Sec; Wm. Beck, Treas.; J. F. Tobias, J. P. Leake, T. J. Montgomery. 1869-70. F. Crandall, Pres. ; Wm. Beck, Sec; J. P. Leake, Treas.; T. J. Montgomery, Richard Ritter, J. F. Tobias. 1870-71. J. F. Tobias, Pres.; Wm. Beck, Sec; J. P. Leake, Treas.; Richard Ritter, Henry Suess, D. H. Smith. 1871-72. 'J. F. Tobias, Pres.; Wm. Beck, Sec; D. H. Smith, Treas.; Henry Suess, Abram Meyer, J. D. Brown. 1872-73. Henry Suess, Pres.; H. B. Fletcher, Sec; D. H. Smith, Treas.; J. D. Brown, A. Meyers. 1873-74. Henry Suess, Pres.; H. B. Fletcher, Sec; D. H. Smith, Treas.; A. Mej'er, J. D. Brown, E. Lamy. 1874-75. Henry Suess, Pres.; L. B. Jackson, Sec; D. H. Smith, Treas. ; C. M. A. Chaney, John Stryker, E. Lamy. 1875-76. Henry Suess, Pres.; H. B. Fletcher, Sec; D. H. Smith, Treas.; C. M. A. Chaney, John Stryker, B. H. Ingram. 1876-78. B. H. Ingram, Pres. ; L. B. Jackson, Sec ; D. H. Smith, Treas. ; C. M. A. Chaney, John Striker, Elias Bixby. 1878-79. David Blocher, Pres.; Henry Lamm, Sec; E. L. Phipps, Treas.; A. H. Conk wright, John A. Lacy, J. H. Mertz. 1879-80. David Blocher, Pres.; Henry Lamm, Sec; E. L. Phipps, Treas.; A. H. Conkwright, John A. Lacy, J. H. Mertz. 1880-81. David Blocher, Pres.; Henry Lamm, Sec; E. L. Phipps, Treas.; A. H. Conkwright, J. A. Lacy, J. H. Mertz. 1881-82. David Blocher, President; Henry Lamm, Secretary; J. H. Mertz, Treasurer; Dr.. A. H. Conkwright, C. H. Gauss, Judge Charles Richardson. 1882-83. G. L. Faulhaber, President; Dr. A. H. Conkwright, Secre- tary; C. H. Gauss, Treasurer; Charles Richardson, J. H. Mertz, J. N. Dalby. The dimensions, cost, location, etc., of the four school buildings together with a complete list of teachers is given herewith. Broadway School. — This school is located on Broadway, between Kentucky and Moniteau streets, and was established in the year 1867. It was first proposed to erect a three-story brick building, containing twelve rooms, but the cost was found to exceed the estimates, as made by the architect and the building committee, and the plans were changed to a two-story brick building, containing seven school rooms, one recitation room, a library room, and superintendent's office. During the summer of HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 579 1880, an additional story was added to the building, so that it now contains twelve school rooms, a library room and superintendent's office. The size of the rooms on the first and second stories is 29J- by 33£, and on the third floor, 24 by 28f . Each room is provided with a cloak room 5 by 20, and a teacher's closet, where maps and other appliances can be stored. Ventilating flues are attached to all the rooms. . The entire cost of the building and grounds has been about forty thousand dollars. 1867-68. Prof. G. O. Brown, Superintendent, $140; Prof. G. W. Ready, Principal High School, $85 ; Miss Peabody, $60 ; Miss Griffin, $60; Mrs. Brown, $50; Miss Tindall, $50; Miss Adamson, $50; Miss Groesbeeck, $50; Miss Bard, $40. ^fyj-Tjttjse&z*^ ' STORY'S CENTRAL, OPPOSITE THE SQUARE SEDALIA, MO. 1868-69. Prof.G. O. Brown, Superintendent, $150; Prof. G.W. Ready, Principal High School, $110; Miss Tindall, $65; Miss Griffin, $60; Miss Groesbeck, $50; Miss Adamson, $50; Miss Sue Topling, $50; Mrs. Brown, $50, 1869-70. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $125.00; Miss Lucy J. 580 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Maltby, High School, $70; Mrs. W.J.Tucker, $60; Misses Jopling, Cotton Kidd, Griffin and Groesbeck, $50 each ; Miss Ollie Barrick, $40. 1870-71. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $150; Miss Lucy J. Maltby, High School, $80; Mrs. W.J. Tucker, $60; Misses S. J. Jopling, Mary A. Green, Emma Davidson, Mary E. Groesbeck, Abbie C. Burge and Sallie Young, $50 each. 1871-72. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $150; Miss Lucy J. Maltby, High School, $80; resigned and Miss Dickinson elected to vacancy; Mrs. W.J. Tucker, Mrs. Sallie Allen, Misses Mary Green, Mary Simmons, Sue Green, Anna E. Potter and Phebe J. Botsford, $50 each. 1871-73. Prof. G. W. Ready, Principal, $150; Miss S. M. Brooks, High School, Misses Julia Chappelear, Sue J. Jopling, Sue Green, Minnie Chappelear, Lavinia Parker, Francis Tindall and Nancy O. Tyler, $50 each. Albert Wettendorf, Teacher in German, $75. 1873-74. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $150; W. S. Dorsey, Principal High School, Miss Julia Chappelear, Principal, $65; Misses Maggie Fletcher, Sue Green, Nellie Mitchell, Mary Kidd, Sue Kernoodle and Emma Chappelear, $50 each. Mrs. Marie Kleuber, Teacher of Ger- man, $60. 1874-75. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $150; Prof. E. R. Booth, High School, Miss Julia Chappelear, Principal, $70; resigned and Miss Clara V. Van Fleet elected to vacancy; Miss Maggie Fletcher, Lizzie Puckett, Sue Kernoodle, Mary Kidd, Sue Green and Emma Chappelear, $50 each. Mrs Marie Kleuber, Teacher of German, $60. 1875-76. Prof. G. W. Ready, Superintendent, $150; Prof. E. R. Booth, High School, $100; T. W. Emerson, Principal, $70; Misses Mag- gie Fletcher, Sue Kernoodle, Georgia Jackson, Sue Green, Mary Kidd, Maud Gent and Ellen Hackett, $50 each per month, with the exception of the last two who received $40 each. Mrs. Marie Kleuber, Teacher of German, $60. 1878-79. Prof. D. R. Cully, Superintendent, $120; Mrs. M. V. Neet, Misses Sue Green, Mary A. Purdy, Alice Chappelear, Mary J. Owens, Bettie Rogers, Olive Suess, Mrs. J. B. Wilcox, Mrs. Rice, $40 each. 1879-80. Prof. D. R. Cully, Superintendent, $120; Mrs. M. V. Neet, Misses Sue Green, Sue Kernoodle, Lizzie Buchanan, resigned, and place filled by Miss Amelia Kendall, Mary J. Owens, Maud Gent, Olive Suess and Mrs. J. B. Wilcox, $40 each. 1880-81. Prof. D. R. Cully, Superintendent, $133.33£; H .TJ Williams, High School, $50; Mrs. M. V. Neet, High School and Eighth Grade, $45; Miss Sue Green, $45; Misses Emma Elliott, Virginia Batterton, Olive Suess, Amelia Kendall, Maud Gent and Mrs. Mary. O. Hansber- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 581 ger, $40 each; MrsJ.B. Wilcox, $45; Miss Ella Elbert, $35; Miss Emma Sharpe, $30; Miss Hattie Lewis, Teacher of Music. 1881-82. Prof. D. R. Cully, Supt; Prof. H. T. Williams and Mrs. M. V. Neet, High School; Miss Sue Green, Mrs. M. O. Hansberger, resigned in December, and Miss Victoria G. Conkling, elected to fill vacancy; Miss Adelia Caldwell, Miss Olive Suess, Miss Lillie Brunei", resigned in April, and Miss Mary E. Flaven elected to fill vacancy; Miss Virginia Batterton, Miss Maud Gent, Miss Nannie Rogers, Miss Frankie Miller, Mrs. J. B. Wilcox. RESIDENCE OP JOHN MONTGOMERY, Jr., SEDALIA, MO. Franklin School. — This school is conducted in a two-story brick building, situated on the northwest corner of Moniteau and Cooper streets. This building was erected in the year 1S70, and cost, with grounds, etc., about twelve thousand dollars. It contains four school rooms, each pro- vided with ample cloak rooms for the use of the pupils, and teachers' private rooms. The building is situated on elevated ground, affording excellent drainage and ventilation. The grade of this school extends to the A class, of the seventh year, after which the pupils are transferred to Broadway School. 1868-69. Miss Kidd,'$50; Miss Jennie Bard, $50. 582 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 1869-70. Misses Sallie Young and Emma Davidson, $50 each. 1870-71. W. O.Dunlap, Principal, $50; Misses Mary Kidd, Mary B. Maddox and Helen M. Wadleigh, $50 each. 1871-72. Wm. Barnhill, Principal, $60; Misses Mary Kidd, Kate C. Steele and Lizzie Puckett, $50 each. 1872-73. Mrs. W.J. Tucker, Principal, $60; Misses Moore, Emma Chappelear, Lizzie Puckett and Kate Steele, $50 each. 1873-74. Mrs. W.J. Tucker, Principal, $70; Misses Lizzie Puckett, Kate C. Steele and Emily Tucker, $50 each. 1874-75. Mrs. W.J. Tucker, Principal, $60; Miss Ollie Suess, $40; Misses Nellie Mitchell and Emily Tucker, $50 each. 1875-76. Mrs. W. J. Tucker, Principal, $70; Misses Olive Suess, Bettie Rogers and Emily Tucker, $50 each. 1876-77. T. C. Early, Principal; Misses Olive Suess, Bettie Rogers and Maud Gent, $50 each. 1877-78. Principal, $60 ; Misses Olive Suess, Bettie Rogers and Maud Gent, $50 each. 1878-79. Mrs. T.J. Speer, Principal, $60; Misses Alice Burdsal, Sue Myers, Maud Gent, $40 each. Miss Nellie Branham, $40, elected to fill vacancy occasioned by resignation of Miss Myers. 1879-80. John P. Gass, Principal, $65; Misses Alice Burdsal, Mary A. Purdy, $40 each; Miss Jessie Ainsvvorth, $30. 1880-81. Prof. C. B. Reynolds, Principal, $60; Misses Alice Burdsal, Jessie Ains worth, $35; Kate McClellan, $30. 1881-82. G. B. Lamm, Principal; Misses Jessie Ainsworth, Katie McClellan and Lillie Gibson. Washington School. — This school is located on East Broadway, in a two-story wooden building, containing four large, pleasant rooms. It was opened in the year 1873, as a primary school, with two teachers. In 1878 two rooms were rented near the building, and the grades extended to the sixth year. Two years later, two additional rooms were added to the building, putting it in its present shape. The school grounds are large and very pleasantly situated. It is now contemplated to have the grades extended to the eighth year, after which the pupils will be trans- ferred to the Broadway School. 1873-74. Miss Mary A. Green, Principal, $60; Miss Minnie Chap- pelear, $50. 1874-75. Miss Mary A. Green, Principal, $70; Miss Minnie Chap- palear, $50. 1875-76. Miss Emily Tucker, Principal, succeeded in January, 1876, by Miss Sue Kernoodle, $60; Miss Minnie Chappelear, $5e. 1876-77. Miss Sue Kernoodle, Principal, $60; Miss Alice Chappelear, $50. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 583 1877-78. Miss Sue Kernoodle, Principal, $60; Miss Mattie Swisher, $50. 1878-79. Miss Sue Kernoodle, Principal, $50; Mrs. N. W. Bruner, $40; Misses Mary A. Kidd and Georgia Jackson, $40 each. 1879-80. A. S. Caldwell, Principal, $50; Misses Georgia Jackson, Mary West and Virginia Patterton, elected to the place of Miss Kendall, transferred to Broadway, $40. 1880-81. A. S. Caldwell, Principal, $60; Misses Georgia Jackson, Adelia Caldwell, Mary West, $40 each. 1881-82. B. F. Hickman Principal, Misses Georgia Jackson, Hattie Leach, Lizzie Wagenlaender, Alice Chappelear, Mary A. Kidd. Lincoln School (Colored.)— This school was instituted in the year 1868, and was first opened in a frame building, located on the present site of Franklin School. In the year 1870, the building was moved two blocks further north, and one east, to its present location. In 1879, two rooms were added to the building, so that the school is now furnished with iour rooms, with ample seating capacity for 260 pupils. The grades of this school are parallel with those in the White school. 1867-68. Mr. Miller, $50.00. 1868-69. Mr. Carter, $50.00. Mrs. Tucker elected February 28, 1869 to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Miss Tindall, and Miss Maggie Cotton to take the place of Miss Adamson, resigned. 1869-70. J. M. Carter, $50. 1870-71. J.M. Carter, Principal, $50; Wm. Barnhill, $40.00. 1871-72. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal $60; Mrs. D. W. Bowles, $50.; Miss Maertz, teacher of German. 1872-73. Prof. D. W. Bowles Principal, $60; David N. Savage, $50. 1873-74. Prof. D.W. Bowles, Principal, $60; Miss Sibby White $50. 1874-75. Prof. D. W.Bowles,. Principal, $60; Miss Sibby White, $50. 1875-76. Prof. D. W.Bowles, Principal, $60; M. M.Richardson, $50. 1876-77. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal, $60; M. M. Richardson, $50. 1877-78. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal, $60; L. A. Gordon, $50. 1878-79. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal, $50; L. A. Gordon, $40; J. H. Simms, $30. 1879-80. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal $50; J. H. Simms, $40; Wm. Smith, Miss Annie White. 1880-81. Prof. D. W. Bowles, $55; J. H. Simms, $40; Wm. Smith, Henry Hanley, $25 each. 1881-82. Prof. D. W. Bowles, Principal, resigned in March, and J. H. Simms elected to fill the vacancy, Miss Ida Drake, E. R. Scott, Henry Henley. 584 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. COMPARATIVE VIEW FROM 1867 TO 1881. a .2 -t-t s 3 C H c s a c M Average No. Belonging. bjoc eS CO i- ±1 7 mills. Rate per cent, levied for payment of teachers 4 mills. Average daily attendance in white school 1,182 Average per cent, of attendance 92. Average daily attendance in colored school 193 Average per cent, of attendance 86. Number of sittings in white school ,. 1,360 Number of sittings in colored school ." 260 Total number of sittings 1,620 Total tardiness, white, 2,372 ; colored, 1,683 3,955 Number of suspensions -. 29 Number expulsions Number cases truancy 112 Number school buildings 5 Number school rooms 26 Number teachers, including chief principal 27 THE SEDALIA SEMINARY. This institution was established in Sedalia, Sept. 5, 1876, by Prof. J. B. Van Petten. In 1877, it was united with the Missouri Central Normal School and Collegiate Institute, which had been established in Sedalia at the same time, by Prof. E. R. Booth. The two schools thus united were called the Sedalia Collegiate Institute, and was conducted under the associate principalship of Professors Van Petten and Booth. When the institution had prospered nearly" three years, its buildings, library and apparatus were destroyed by fire. But other accommodations were at once provided and the school, without the interruption of a single day, or the loss of one scholar, continued its session to the end of the school year of 1878-9, Prof. Booth then retiring. Prof. Van Petten consolidated the Collegiate Institute with the Queen City Seminary, which had been in successful operation one year, under Prof. G. W. Ready, corner Fifth and Lafayette streets, centrally located with fine grounds and buildings. The schools thus united took the original name of the Sedalia Semi- nary and since that time, for three years, the institution has been under the management of Professors Van Petten and Ready. 586 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The Seminary has six departments of education, viz: Primary, Pre- paratory, Collegiate, Normal, Commercial and Music. The primary and preparatory departments constitute a well graded school in which pupils prepare for the higher departments. The collegiate department has a four- year course of study, equal to those of the best seminaries and female colleges. The course of study in the normal department is similar to that of the State Normal Schools. The commercial course is a full com- mercial college course. The department of music has a five-year grad- uatory course. The seminary has prospered for six years, and has good prospects for years to come. The number belonging has averaged two hundred. During the six years of its existence in the Collegiate, Normal, Commer- cial and Music departments, one hundred and thirty-five have graduated. The following was the faculty for the year ending June 1, 1882: J. B. Van Petten, A. M.," G. W. Ready, A. M., Co-Principals; G. W. Ready, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Science; J. B. Van Petten, Professor of Languages and Metaphysics; Mrs. J. B. Van Pelten, French and English Literature; A. L. Burchfield, Professor of Commercial Department; Miss Annie M. Allen, Music Department; Miss Minnie Fen- wick, German. During the next year Prof. G. W. Ready will have exclusive control and management of this institution ; Prof. Van Petten having retired from the same. A good strong faculty will be provided for the seminary. The successful management of the Sedalia public schools by Prof. Ready, for a period of ten years, together with his excellent school called the Queen City Seminary, and afterwards his connection with the Sedalia Seminary as co-principal, all indicate fairly the success of this institution in the future as in the past. The school year is divided into three terms of thirteen weeks each. The only vacation is during holiday week except summer vacation. Fall term begins September 4, 1882. As we go to press we learn that the Sedalia Seminary has suspended in favor of the Sedalia University, in which Prof. Ready has been appointed to the chair of Greek and Latin. SEDALIA UNIVERSITY. On the 13th day of May, a number of prominent citizens of Sedalia met together at the First Presbyterian Church to discuss the feasibility of establishing a first class institution of learning. This meeting was fol- lowed by others, but without any definite results. At this juncture, Rev. G. A. Beattie and Prof. G. W. Ready conceived the idea of forming a joint stock company to purchase the Barrett Hotel property and fifty-four acres of land adjoining thereto,— twenty acres with the buildings to be set apart for University purposes, said University to be under the auspices HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 587 of the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A. Their efforts in this direc- tion were most successful. The stock was subscribed and the organization perfected. Trustees of the Land Company: L. N. Brown, W. P. Cousley, J. R. Barrett, A. S. Fernald, Wm. Beck, A. Meyer, J. W. Truxel, B. G. Wil- kerson and D. David, Sedalia, Mo. Trustees of the University: Rev. S.J. Niccoll, D. D., and Charles I. Greely, Esq., St. Louis, Rev. A. Walker, Tipton; Gov. T. T. Crittenden, Jefferson City; Rev. C. H. Fueller, Warrensburg; Rev. T. D. Wallace, Hannibal; Rev. J. G. Faekler, Clinton; Capt. S. W. Smith, Warsaw; Cyrus Newkirk, B. H. Ingram, Col. A. D. Jaynes, Dr. J. A. C. Brown, D. H. Smith, J. G. White, John Montgomery, Jr., Rev. G. A. Beattie, Col. J. D. Crawford, Prof. G. W. Ready, J. M, Clute, J. H. Mertz, Dr. j! W. Trader and Dr. H. W. Woods, of Sedalia. The scholastic year is divided into three sessions of thirteen weeks each. The fall term opens Sept. 6. Departments: Primary, Prepara- tory, Collegiate, Normal, Commercial and Musical, with a full faculty of able and experienced teachers. SEDALIA BUSINESS COLLEGE AND INSTITUTE OF PENMANSHIP. Business of all kinds must have system, and colleges and schools for special training are demanded and v supported by the general public of the present age. No education is complete without a thorough knowledge of business system. In order to do things properly, men must know how. To be familiar with the customs and manner of doing business gener- ally in use among business men, is certainly a very valuable accomplish- ment for any young man or woman commencing a battle with the world. There are thousands who are thoroughly acquainted with the neces- sary details of a business life, and use the knowledge with effect as a lever to aid them in whatever they may undertake in life, and individuals who are without this knowledge are continually striving against great odds when they enter life's arena to compete against those who do pos- sess it. The Sedalia Business College was established in the early part of 1881, and the wise selection of its teachers and its superior management have already given it a wide reputation. Students are entered here from many of the western States to reap the advantages afforded in the way of a sound practical business training. The owners and principals of this college, Messrs. Moore and Fraker, are both practical and expert accountants, having been for several years, prior, to the establishment of the college, engaged in actual work in book keeping, and have long been known throughout Central Missouri as men of unquestioned ability in their profession. 588 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. The College is located on Second street, in Sed ilia, in large, commodious, well vntilated rooms, with a seating capacity of three hundred. The following is but a brief description of the course of study at this prosperous institution . Department of Penmanship. — In this department is taught plain and ornamental penmanship, pen drawing, flourishing, &c. Department of Accounts. — Book keeping is thoroughly taught in this department, and the student enjoys the advantage of personal instruc- tion continually. Department of Mathematics. — In this department special attention is given to business arithmetic, and all kinds of commercial calculations. SEDALIA BUSINESS COLLEGE, SEDALIA, MO. Banking Department. — Here the student becomes familiar with the "National banking system, and also that of private banks. Ladies' Department. — All the studies that are taught in the other department are enjoyed in this. There is delivered each day a lecture of one hour, to all the students, by Prof. W. H. Moore, on accounts and various other subjects. This course of lectures alone is worth more than the cost of attending the College, as it embraces information on all kinds of book-keeping and banking, manufacturing, joint stock companies, notes and bills, railways, agents and contracts, stocks and bonds, and many other subjects. It is now generally believed that this institution is in master hands, and HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 589 conducted upon such sound business principles, that the character of its graduates will no doubt reflect to the credit of its founders and present proprietors. When practical men who have had years of experience, either in the science of accounts, or in any other walk in business life, take any business in hand, their success is almost assured. This College publishes monthly, three thousand copies of the College yournal, a four column folio, devoted to the interests of the institution, and which are mailed free all over the land. THE PRESS. The press of Sedalia has done a great work in aiding the progress of the city and the energy, intelligence, enthusiasm and hard work of the managers, editors and reporters, have done as much as the wealth and intelligence and personal influence of citizens in the mercantile and profes- sional walks of life. The Sedalia Eagle-Times issued its first publication as a daily and weekly newspaper in the month of February, 1882, as a consolidation of the Sedalia Eagle and the Sedalia Times, both old and well established Republican newspapers. The Times was established in Sedalia in the year 1865, by James Magann and P. G. Stafford. It afterwards passed through several hands, and finally, in the month of July, 1881, was pur- chased by John G. and William A. Sloane, who conducted the paper under the firm name and style of Sloane Bros, until the consolidation. On the 7th day of November, 1881, the first number of the Sedalia Daily Times was issued. The Sedalia Eagle was founded by Milo Blair, at Boonville, Mo., in the year 1865, and was conducted by him at that place until the summer of 1878, when he removed the paper to Sedalia, and continued its publi- cation here until said consolidation. In addition to the regular weekly issue the Sunday Morning Eagle was published by the same office. The Bazoo printing establishment was opened for business on the first day of May, 1 868, by J. West Goodwin, in a wooden building on the north side of Main street, between Ohio and Lamine streets. It consisted of one small press that could only print a sheet seven by nine inches, and a few cases of type. It was run as a job office until June 1, 1869, when the weekly Bazoo, a six column paper, was issued. The first number of the dailv Bazoo, the first daily paper in the city, was issued Sept. 20, 1869, as an evening paper. On March 23, 1873, the first number of the Sunday morning Bazoo was issued. The Bazoo now occupies a three-story building, at 209 Ohio street, and runs by steam three cylinder presses and three job presses, employing about thirty-five persons in all departments, including book-binding, job 590 HISTORY OF SEDAI.JA. rooms, newspaper and stationery store. It has a large and growing cir- culation, not alone confined to Sedalia, but is read largely in small places from fifty to one hundred miles in all directions. .^imi HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 591 The Sedalia Democrat was established in 186S and is one of the best edited and managed daily papers in Missouri, Maj. John N. Edwards editor, and John D. Russell manager. A History of the Democrat is given on page 395 of the history of Pettis County. The Eagle-Times, as now organized, is published by the Missouri Printing Company, a corporation with the following officers: President and Manager, Jno. G. Sloane; Vice President, G. F. Kimball; Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. A. Sloane. Its editors are Milo Blair and Jno. G. Sloane. It is the only Republican newspaper published in Pettis County, and is fearless in the expression of its principles. It has an extensive weekly circulation throughout Pettis and adjoining counties, and is con- sidered one of the leading Republican papers of the State. Sedalia Journal. — A not to be overlooked fact in the history of the city and county, is the establishment of a German weekly paper, which made its appearance in the year 1877, and which has since that time, through the liberal patronage of Germans as well as Americans, steadily grown, and just now entered upon its sixth volume. The Sedalia Journal was founded, May 25, 1877, by Fred. L. Wensel, of Hermann, Mo. Mr. B. Rauck took possession of the paper the following year, but sold it on the 1st day of April, 1881, to Messrs. August and Charles Schneider, who, as practical printers and excellent business men, succeeded in bringing the paper up to its present standard and prominence. It can be truthfully maintained, that the Sedalia Journal now ranks among the best weekly newspapers of the State, in regard to circulation, editorial ability, as well as advertising patronage. In politics the Journal is Republican, and keeps pace with the progress of the times, arid through the influence 25 592 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. of this paper our Germans owe many a victory. April 1, 1882, Mr. Chas. Schneider sold his interest to Mr. Chas. Botz, o£ St. Louis, and the new firm, under the name of Schneider & Botz, will strive to make the yournal the best weekly paper in the State, and, encouraged by its past success, to keep pace with the growth and wants of the general public. CHAPTER X.— SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. Social, Benevolent and Secret Organizations. — Commercial, Military and Miscellaneous Organizations. — Masons, Odd Fellows, A. O. U. W , Military Companies, Social and Dramatic and National Clubs, I. O. G-. T., Church Societies, Libraries,' &c, &c. Probably no city of its size in the State has more secret and benevolent societies than Sedalia. Not only are the oldest organizations, like the Masons and Odd Fellows, represented, but the strongest and most popu- lar orders or associations which have sprung into existence and become powerful means for good, in the past fifty years, are equally well rep- resented. From the best information that can be gained, every one of the bodies in this city is in a flourishing condition, with the exception of one or two, which have not yet been founded long enough to grow so strong that they can combat and overcome all circumstances. There are many widows and orphans in this city to-day who are living in quiet comfort — the mother with means to assist and educate her chil- dren, the children with homes where they can remain until they have gained a common school training, or learned a business or trade, whereby they can support themselves — who have got their means from the treas- ury of the secret and benevolent societies. The scrupulous care with which the insurance and relief features of the societies have been con- ducted in this city, has attracted the attention of many non-society men. Below will be found a complete list of benevolent, secret, social, national, military and miscellaneous organizations in the city. Each one has received such mention as the scope and chapter will permit of, and the length and minuteness of historical details have been governed by the age, character, strength and usefulness of the body or order. FREE MASONS SEDALIA LODGE, NO. 236. This is the oldest order and lodge in the city. In 1863, a number of Masons, headed by Geo. W. Keill and Dr. Thomas J. Montgomery, took the initiatory steps to organize a lodge. A number of them had been members of Relief Lodge, No. 105, of Georgetown, which was opened Aug. 29, 1848, and was the first lodge in the county; but they had become indifferent and inactive and were not intimately known to each other. After a careful canvass of the town enough names of Masons were HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 593 obtained to warrant them in sending to the Grand Master a petition for a Dispensation. The Dispensation was granted on Jan. 25, 1864. Sedalia Lodge, No. 236 U. D. was opened by P. G. M., S. H. Saunders, as proxy for the Grand Master. Among those present at the first meeting were S. H. Saunders, P. G. M; George C. Yost, George Keill, O. A. Cran- dall, Dr. Thomas J. Montgomery, Logan Clark, A. A. Neal, John Hancock, C. W. C. Walker, James Blakemore, Robert G. Barnhart, Clifton Wood, Theo. Bloess, W. H. Lightfoot, of Sedalia, and a number of others, visiting brethren. The following were the officers while the lodge worked under Dispensation: G. C. Yost, W. M; Geo. R. Keill, S. W; O. A. Crandall, J. W; W. H. Light- foot, Treasurer ; Logan Clark, Secretary ; T. J. Montgomery, S. D ; A. A. Neal, J. D; John Hancock, Tyler. The charter members were the above officers together with C. W. C. Walker, Jno. F. Philips, R. G. Barnhart, James Blakemore, B. F. Hughes, J. S. Hopkins,, some of whom had been members of the first lodge at Georgetown. Feb. 18th, 1864, David Postlewait was initiated. Next Elias Laupheimer, N. Greenfield, W. E. Bard and John Hubbard were initiated. The lodge was regularly constituted by S. H. Owens of California, Mo., June 28th, 1864. For the first two years and a half the lodge held their meetings in a frame building on Main street. In November, 1867, the splendid First National Bank building was completed, and the spacious second floor of this building was chosen as a lodge room and handsomely fitted up. Owing to the great McKissock House fire which occurred November 6th, the public demonstrations in honor of opening the new lodge room were omitted. November 7th, the hall was' quietly dedicated. In 1873, the lodge invested $600 of its surplus fund in Sedalia city bonds, which fact will show its financial condition. The hall is still in the bank building. Since the institution of the lodge up to 1876, it had a total membership of 200. The^following is a list of Worshipful Masters, up to 1882: Geo. C. Yost, 1864-65; Geo. W. Keill, 1865-67; B. H. Ingram, 1868-70; A. D. Jaynes, 1869; John B. Gallie, 1871; O. A. Crandall, 1872; Chas G. Taylor, 1873; Henry Suess, 1874; Geo. L. Faulhaber, 1875-79; J. D. Crawford, 1880; L. O. Ellis, 1881; F. A. Sampson, 1882. On Jan. 15th, 1868, Granite Lodge, No. 272, was formed out of the surplus members of the lodge. In 1881 the membership of this lodge (Sedalia) was 107. GRANITE LODGE, NO. 272. In October, 1867, it was found that the membership of the Sedalia Lodge had grown so large that the accumulating business could not be 594 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. disposed of and that the cause and purposes of Masonry would be advanced by the formation of a new lodge out of the surplus of members in the old. October, 1867, a preliminary meeting of members was held. L. S. Florsheim was Chairman and H. C. Sinnett, Secretary. The name " Granite " was agreed on by the meeting. A petition for a dispensation was granted by the Grand Lodge, and on Jan. 15th, 1868, John F. Philips opened the lodge, U. D. The following were. the officers: Joseph M. Fox, W. M; D. H. Smith, S. W; C. L. Martin, J. W; A. D. Jaynes, Sec- retary ; J. C. Lindsay, Treasurer ; Geo. W. Ready, S. D. ; B. G. Wilkerson, J. D; Peter Latsch, Tyler. This lodge held its first meeting under a charter on Nov. 30th, 1868. The lodge has increased in membership, prosperity and usefulness until now it has almost as' many members as the mother lodge. The Worship- ful Masters of this lodge from its establishment, are: Joseph M. Fox, 1868; D. H. Smith, 1869-70; Geo. W. Ready, 1871-71-76; J. C. Thomp- son, 1872-77; B.-G. Wilkerson, 1873; M. L. Jacobs, 1875. Both the lodges contain some of the most prominent and influential citi- zens and business men in the town. The new lodge room on Ohio street is furnished with great beauty and richness, and it is one as fine as there is in the State outside of the great cities like St. Louis. Sedalia R. A. Chapter, No. 18, organized October 27, 1867. Present membership, 60. A. P. Morey, H. P.; G. L. Faulhaber, S. Saint Omer Commandery, No. 11, Knights Templar, organized Janu- ary 12, 1869. Present membership, 32. E. C, G. W. Ready; Recorder, G. J. Lesure. In February, 1868, Sedalia Council, No.5, (white) was opened. Fern Leaf Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, was organized at the residence of B. G. Simonds, July 3, 1875. B. G. Simonds was elected W. P. The other officers elected were: Mrs. M. M. Andrus, W. M.; R. V. C. Simonds, A. M.; L. B. Jackson, Treasurer; Isaac Wright, Secretary; Sarah Simonds, Conductress; C. A. Smith, Assistant. COLORED A. F. & A. M. Hawkins Lodge, No. 44, organized June 29, 1873. Present member- ship, 71. W. M., C. Bledsoe; Secretary, D. S. Webster. Centennial Lodge, No. 59, organized August 9, 1876. Present member- ship, 48. W. M., J. W. Wheeler; Secretary, T. L. Campbell. ODD FELLOWS. Neapolis Lodge, No. 153, organized May 26, 1871. Present member- ship, 83. N. G., Thos. C. Newton; Secretary, Chas. Roll. The first lodge of this order was established in Georgetown in 1858. The records of all its proceedings were destroyed by fire, hence there is no data for its history. Neapolis Lodge, No. 153, is the first and oldest HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 595 lodge in the city. It was organized by Elias Bixby, Jas. G. Tesch, S. A. Lowe, Ambrose J. Courtney, F. L. Parker, Thomas J. Montgomery and Francis McCabe. The hall was in a room on Main street, south side> west of Osage. Here it was regularly installed by Grand Secretary C. C. Archer, August 23, 1865. Elias Bixby was the first Noble Grand In 1871, the lodge room and its contents were twice entirely destroyed by fire, and twice injured by fire. This lodge should be called the Phoenix Lodge, as it has risen so often from the ashes. In 1869, when the lodge had a very large membership, a large amount of valuable miscellaneous property, costly regalia and paraphernalia, they moved into the second story of a two-story brick, on the northwest corner of Main and Kentucky • On January 2, 1871, the building was destroyed by fire. Every thing was reduced to ashes; there was not one cent of insurance on the lodge property, and the accumulation of six years was dust. This was enough to fill with gloom the most hopeful. The lodge members wenfto work with a will. A new hall was opened in the two-story brick Staley build- ing, northeast corner of Main and Ohio, April 2, 1871. Some frame build- ings were burned on the opposite side of the street, and during the fire the lodge property was damaged by water and flames. The lodge had just repaired this damage, was running smoothly and feeling secure when, on April 14, 1871, the building was destro3 r ed by fire and the lodge room with it. Every thing was totally destroyed. Fortunately the secretary had a policy of $1,000 insurance this time. Aug. 25, 1871, just after the lodge had moved into the third story of the present Bazoo building on Ohio street, a fire broke out in the block, and the property of the lodge was much injured by its hasty removal. This ended the fire record of the lodge. In 1876 the order had so increased that, like the Masons, the lodge was found to be too large for the successful transaction of business. It was determined to form* a new lodge from the surplus of members in the old. Sedalia Lodge, No. 354, organized May 17, 1876. Present member- ship, 35. N. G., James Allison; Secretary, W. J. Courtney. Was insti- tuted on June 17, 1876, by Dr. Thomas J. Montgomery and Dr. Jno. W. Trader; Judge Wm. H. H. Hill, Wm. Bray, R. T. Garrett, Chas. Meyers, P. E. Fenseley, Miller Bullard and Adam Ittel, as charter members. Dr- Jno. W. Trader was the first Noble Grand. Sedalia Encampment, No. 33, organized May 19, 1871. Present mem- bership, 33. C. P., J. C. Allison; Scribe, R.J. Eggleston. There are two other divisions of this order organized in the city, the Sedalia Uniformed Patriarchs, and the Daughters of Rebecca. The new Odd Fellows Hall, on Ohio and Third streets, is very large, furnished handsomely, and in all its appointments is almost perfect. 596 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. Amity Lodge, No. 69, organized August 14, 1878. Present member- ship, 75. Equity Lodge, No. 26, organized Sept. 12, 1877. Present membership, 85. M. W., P.E. Connor; Secretary, C. W. Turner. Equity Lodge was the first organized. The charter members who formed it were P. E. Connor, J. B. Hall, Daniel Grow, Patrick McEnroe, O. A. Senger, H. N. Smith, Chas. Keegan, G. S. Landers, J. S. Bosserman, S. A. Wright, Ira T. Bronson, Wm. Shidy, A. J. Leece, Wm. H. H. Stephens, M. W. Miller, Jas. G. Farley. The society increased in numbers so rapidly that in one year it was necessary to organize a new Lodge from the surplus of members in the old. These lodges now have a spacious and beautiful hall on the southwest corner of Ohio and Seventh streets, and the order is popular, well man- aged and growing. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Sedalia Lodge, No. 27, organized Nov. 14, 1872. Present membership, 90. C. C, C. E. Hancock ; K. of R. and S., W. A. Kerr. The following were some of the charter members: A. B. Codding, Isaac Wright, Robt- Walker, Wm. Campbell, J. A. Clark, J. A. Townsend, J. H. Miller, J. McNealy, W. H. Parris, D. A. Clark, G. A. Gallie, S. A. McLaughlin. The Lodge surrendered its charter in 1877, and reorganized. Among the well known charter members were Rev. W. G. F. Wallace, Jno. A. Lacy, Dr. W. P. King, Dr. W. H. Evans, Dr. D. T. Abell, Clay Arnold, Geo. C. Heard, Wm. L. Felix, E. L. Phipps, J. Blocker, Dr. L. O, Ellis, David Hurst and S. I. Thurber. Queen City Lodge, No. 52, organized Oct. 17, 1873. Present member- ship, 125. C. C, H. H. Allen; K. of R. and S., Geo. Ferrell. Endowment Section, No. 263, organized Jan. 23, 1879. Present mem- bership, 70. President, C. Ed. Hancock; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. R. W. Carr. Fleur de Lis Division, No. 7, Uniform Rank, organized Oct. 17,1881. Present membership, 36. Sir K. C, W. P. Cousley; Sir K. of R. and S., S. S. Sherman. The Uniformed Ranks have regalia and uniforms of great beauty and of fine quality, and the division is considered the handsomest body in the secret societies of the city. DEUTSCHE ORDERN DER HARUGARI. Western Lodge, No. 189, organized Aug. 30, 1869. Present member- ship, 65. O. B., Chas. Yost; Recording Secretary, C. O. Klueber. The original founders of this useful German order in Sedalia were Jno. W. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 597 Siebe, Adam Hess, Tony Leece, Fred. Wetteroth, Aug. Jacobs, Philip Werner, Dr. J. G. Beck. This order is solid and prosperous, with a good surplus fund on hand. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF BENAI BERITH. Queen City Lodge, No. 258, organized March 19,1876. Present mem- bership, 45. S. N. Lewis, President; M. L. Jacobs, Secretary. This is a Jewish benevolent order, and by its members throughout the United States, the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland, O., is maintained. The original organizers of the lodge in this city were Elias Laupheimer, M, Henoch, M. L. Jacobs, D. G. Levy, I. Wolf, E. Wolf and Henry Laup- heimer. WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. Organized Jan. 4, 1878. Present membership, 38. President, Mrs. J. G. Allen ; Secretary, Mrs. L. A. Ross. UNION VETERAN ASSOCIATION. Organized Sept. 15, 1880. Present membership, 125. President, Richard Ritter; Secretary, H. B. Fletcher. GOOD TEMPLARS' DRAMATIC CLUB. Organized Feb. 12, 1880. Present membership, 34. Manager, R. G. Hastie; Secretary, Louis Goodrich. SEDALIA B. B. CLUB. Organized Sept. 1, 1881. Present membership, 12. Captain, J. R. Lemist; Secretary, Wm. Moore. MUTUAL ORDER OF PROTECTION. This order was established in this city this season. It has grown with unprecedented rapidity here, because of its fine system, and it continues to grow and is meeting with public favor. Lamine Lodge, No. 27, organ- ized March 13, 1881. Number of members, 27. At the last meeting, January 10, the following officers were elected: Chas. Koock, President; Henry Bauer, Vice-President; Frank Landmann, Secretary; Chas. O. Kleuber, Treasurer; Dr. J. B. Jones, Chaplain and Medical Examiner; F. Bizetsky, Guide; Rob. Laystrom, Guard; J. Schoell, Sentinel. B. Rauck first introduced this order to the attention of the people and solicited the members. THE SEDALIA SPORTING CLUB. This club was organized' on July 22, 1875. Its first officers were C. T. McElvaney, President; T. T. Major, Vice-President; T. J. Cummings, Secretary; W.J. Maltby, Treasurer. Among its charter members were A. B. Dempsey, Dr. J. W. Trader, John Kullmer, O. A. Crandall, F. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Houston and S. C. Gold Present membership, 35. Present officers, O. A. Orandall, President; John Newton, Vice-President; Arthur Maltby, Secretary; Dr. Ed Small, Treasurer. It contains some of the best marks- men in the State. It took an active part in procuring the passage of the game laws, and by its vigilance has done much for the protection of game and the propagation of fish. The membership becoming too large the Sedalia Gun Club was organized. By the joint efforts of both clubs the State Sportsmen Association was induced to hold its annual meeting here in June, 1882. SEDALIA GUN CLUB. In September, 1880, the members of the Sedalia Sporting Club becom- ing too numerous a number of its members withdrew and organized the Sedalia Gun Club, with Dr. J. W. Trader, President; Frank Houston, Secretary, and John Montgomery, Jr., Treasurer. The organization and officers have remained the same to the present time. The members besides the officers named are: E. H. Smith, C. H. Gauss, J. C. Par- meriee, S. C. Gold, A. P. Morey, J. D. Sneed, J. C. Barber, Dr. E. C. Evans and Louis Kumm. The recent tournament of the State Sports- men Association was held in Sedalia under the auspices of this club June 13-17, 1882. Its members have ever worked harmoniously with the other club for the preservation of game and prosecution of violators of law, and their united action has been highly satisfactory. The members are men of high standing in the city. GERMANIA CLUB. Organized April 16, 1876. Present membership, 50. President, Chas. Yost; Secretary, R. Springe. This is one of the oldest social organizations in the city. On April 23, 1876, the first officers were elected as follows: President, Henry Suess; Vice President, Carl Wile; Secretary, A. Seligman; Treasurer, C. Hye. Louis Deutsch, C. O. Kleuber, M. Koock, B,. Rauck, E. H. Renisch and others were active workers to establish the club. During the first year and a half of its existence the club had large and elegantly iurnished rooms, with a stage for dramatic performances. The club gave plays in which the members participated during two seasons, and has given fine balls, picnics and other social entertainments. YOUNG MEN'S SOCIAL CLUB. Organized Nov. 30, 1881. Present membership, 11. President, Ed. Fernald ; Secretary, Tim Cosgriff. THESPIAN DRAMATIC ASSOCIATION. Organized September, 1867. Present membership, 22. Business manager, Ira Hinsdale; Secretary, T. H. Lewis. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 599 Wm. Latour founded this organization, has been its life and soul, besides acting as stage manager, dramatic instructor and leading actor. The early history is given elsewhere. Mr. and Mrs. Latour are the oldest members of the company, which is still in existence, strong and popular. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. In the early part of 1864 a Good Templars' Association was formed. This seems to have been the first lodge of this kind. Mr. P. G. Stafford, E. W. Washburn and T. W. Moses were the first three W. T.'s of which mention can be found. This society probably led to the organization of all those now in existence, which are as follows : Sedalia Lodge, No. 656, organized March 14, 1874. Present member- ship, 126. W. C. T., R. M. Fraker; Recording Secretary, John N. Corey. Lincoln Lodge, No. 37 (colored), organized Nov. 4, 1881. Present membership, 112. W. C. T., Robert Smith; Recording Secretary, Carter. Sedalia Degree Temple, No. 9, organized Oct, 22, 1881. Present membership, 32. D. T., R. G. Hastie; District Secretary, Louis E. Goodrich. Sunset Temple, Juvenile Templars, organized Nov. 27, 1881. Present membership, 41. W. C. T., Louis E. Goodrich ; Recording Secretary, Kate Tritt. ROYAL TEMPLE OF T. Queen City Council, No. 9, organized July 1, 1880. Present member- ship, 30. S. C, A. D. Fisher; Recording Secretary, James O'Brien. SEDALIA CATHOLIC BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. This society was organized Sept. 3, 1871, and well conducted since. The first officers were: Father Swift, President; M. O'Reilley, Vice President; J. H. Vitt, Treasurer; John B. Kelley, Secretary; L. P. Julien, Recording Secretary. The present officers are: James Glass, President; John W. Murphy, Vice President; T. D. Quinn, Treasurer; Patrick Shehan, Recording Secretary; Edward G. Cassidy, Financial Secretary. CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA. Among the members of this society are: Rev. F. W. Graham, Rev. P. Morrisey, James Glass, Thomas D. Quinn, E. G. Cassidy, Dr. J. J. Piper, William H. Curran, M. P. Condon, Michael Hugh, James Sullivan, Patrick CosgrifF, Tim. CosgrifF, Michael McGinley. The present officers are: Edward Hurley, President; T. D. Quinn, Recording Secretary; Wiliam Curran, Financial Secretary; James Glass, Treasurer. 600 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. IRISH LAND LEAGUE. Organized January, 1880. Present membership, 125. President, Ed. Hurley; Secretary, P. Shehan. This society, composed of Irishmen and Irish- Americans, has not been long in existence, but has done a noble work. Thos. D. Quinn was the first man to suggest and labor for its formation. He soon awakened the interest of his fellow countrymen in the city and received an enthusiastic support. The first officers elected were as fol- lows: President, Thos. D. Quinn; Vice-President, Jno. McGinley; Secre- tary, Timothy Cosgriff; Treasurer, P. Shehan. The earliest members were: James Glass, J. W. Murphy, Ed. Hurley, Thos. MofFett and Patrick McEnroe. On Jan. 25th, 1880, a Relief Association to aid the suffering of the Irish people during the famine was organized by the leading mem- bers of the society, aided by many Americans in sympathy with them. Since the organization of these two bodies they have collected and sent to their brethren in Ireland the large sum of $7,000. SCANDINAVIAN SOCIETY. Organized Dec. 4th, 1880. Present membership, 43. President, Louis Wetzell; Secretary, A. Hanson. The first officers of this sociaty were: Ben. Johnson, Ordforari. J.C.Johnson, Secretary; P. Alquist, Kassor; B. P. Bengtson, Ombudsman. The members present at the first meeting were: Peter Frank, Fred. Siegerahl, S. Lind, J. C. Johnson, S. P. Thom- son, A. Hanson, Chas. Carlson, — Vickenburg. SEDALIA HEBREW UNION. Organized Oct. 11th, 1868. Present membership, 30. President, M. Henoch; Secretary, E. Wolf. KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF HONOR. Temple Lodge, No. 269, organized August, 1880. Present member- ship, 17. Dictator, Jno. S. Landes; F. S., Flora Cockrell. SEDALIA ORCHESTRA. Organized January, 1870. Present membership, ten. Leader, Prof. L. E. Friemel; business manager, Tony Leece. Mr. Leece was the founder of the band and has been its leader. The first members were the leaders, F. Wetteroth, H. Van Hall, Al. Pinney, James Cook; others were added after the first organization. SEDALIA SILVER CORNET BAND. Organized in 1874. Present membership, 16. Leader, L. E. Friemel; business manager, Henry Otten. E. Fentem, in 1867, organized the first brass band in Sedalia, and it was an excellent one. The above band is the offspring of the old one. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 601 ORDER OF RAILWAY CONDUCTORS. Queen City Division, No. 60; organized Jan. 1, 1879. Present mem- bership, 20. C. C, J. M. Patterson, Secretary ; A. G. Brown. EMMET GUARDS. Organized Dec. 21, 1875. Some of the original founders were Ed- ward Hurley, Thos. D. Quinn, Thos. Moffett, P. McEnroe, P. Shehan, James Kelley. Present membership, 75. Officers: T. Coeguff, Pres.; T. D. Quinn, Vice-Pres.; Ed. Hurley, Treasurer. K. OF H. Prairie Lodge, No. 1998; organized Jan. 27, 1880; present member- ship, fifty-five. Dictator, O. P. Houck ; Reporter, D. A. Rice. Among the charter members who started this lodge and order in the city were John S. Landes, Chas. Allen, Wm. L. Felix, Cord Kruse, Dr. Thomas Sollis, Dr. R.. Wilson Carr, W. B. Brown, E. M. Hogue, John B. Rick- man, S. A. Wright, John Todd and J. D. Monsees. BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. Sedalia Division, No. 178; organized 1874; present membership, 40. Chief Engineer, Chas. McNab; Secretary, J. L. Parish. THE SEDALIA RIFLES. The first military company organized in the city after the war, under the State law, was the Sedalia Rifles. The company was raised and organized by Harry C. Demuth, for eleven years deputy postmaster. The company is and was composed of the best young business men of Sedalia. The company was mustered into service on Oct. 28, 1879, with over fifty men. On Oct. 9, 1879, Harry C. Demuth received his commission from Governor Phelps as Captain of the company. Wm. Latour was com- missioned First Lieutenant, and John D. Russeil, a veteran soldier, and business manager of the Daily Democrat, Second Lieutenant. They are armed with the latest improved breech-loading muskets, have a fatigue uniform and a magnificent full dress uniform, a beautiful silk banner pre- sented by the ladies of Sedalia, and fine equipments. The company still has its original members and officers. The non-commissioned officers are as follows: First Sergeant, Omer Green; Second Serg't, C. E. Messerly; Third Serg't, J. A. Lamy; Fourth Serg't, A. S. Caldwell; Corporals, T. H. Kehoe, Wm. D. Steele, H. W. Meuschke, F. Hardcastle; Color Sergeant, R. C. Sneed. THE QUEEN CITY GUARDS. This was the second company organized after the war. The company was raised by Chas. Fredericks, for a long time foreman of the Bazoo Job 602 HISTORY OF SEDALIA- Office, and later the stationery clerk of the M., K. & T. R. R. The officers and men were mustered in in August, 1880, with about forty, rank and file. Chas. Fredericks was elected Captain, James Ramsey, First Lieutenant, and C. Ed. Hancock, Second Lieutenant. These gen- tlemen were duly commissioned by the Governor. They wear a hand- some black and gray uniform. They are armed like the other company. In 1881 Capt. Fredericks was called from the city, and E. E. Codding was elected and commissioned Captain. He was compelled to resign on account of business duties, and in the spring of 1882 D. I. Holcomb was elected Captain. Both companies have a fine set of drums and fifes, presented them by the munificence of Col. A. D. Jaynes. MISSOURI COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS' ASSOCIATON. Organized March 4, 1880. Present membership 100. President, J. W. Kennedy; Secretary and Treasurer, Geo. Ferrell. The first organi- sation of commercial travelers in Sedalia, of which there are now over thirty, was a local organization, formed by and composed exclusively of Sedalia representatives of Sedalia wholesale houses. It was called the Sedalia Commercial Travelers' Association. The members who were instrumental in the formation of this first society were F. E. Hoffman, Henry Allen, S. S. Sherman, J. W. Kennedy, Geo. Ferrell, Jno. L. Hall, R. W. Wiley, J. W. Murphy, D. I. Holcomb, L. A. Ross, Seymour Lip- sis, Chas. Decklemeyer, Dan Hurlburt, Louis Schrader, Thos. Dugan. When it had gained strength, popularity, and efficiency on its own merits, the society was merged into the State organization, and became a branch of the Missouri Commercial Travelers' Association. In 1881 Henry W. Allen was sent as a delegate from this society to the meeting of the National Association. CHAPTER XL— THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE. What Sedalia Has Done— What She Has— What She Expects to Do— And What She Will Have. What Sedalia has done the previous chapters of this History will show. And her achievements are unsurpassed in the history of modern civiliza- tion in the west. Her last deeds are her best, for in the past two years and a half the city has built forty-five miles of railroad; successfully started a Street Railway, constructed a Water Works Reservoir at a cost of $10,000; gained the location of the General Railroad Hospital, and the Car Accountant's Office of the Missouri Pacific Railroad; has expended nearly two million dollars in general improvements and new HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 003 buildings; and has Macadamized nearly two miles of streets. A bill is now before Congress asking for an appropriation of $50,000 for the erection of a Postoffice building; a project is on hand for the construction of thirty-five miles of railroad to connect the city with the Chicago and Alton Railroad, which will produce a competition in freight and passenger rates with the Missouri Pacific line ; hundreds of buildings are in course of construction, and with the present prospects of bountiful crops the general business of the city will be greater than ever before in her history. What the city now has and what it has done in the past year is a suffi- cient evidence of its present condition and capacities. Let the thoughtful reader and the clear headed business man consider first what the city has in general: Sedalia has more business houses doing trade in their own store-rooms and upon their own unencumbered, unborrowed capital, than any other city of the same size in the State. Sedalia has to-day a less number of untenanted buildings than any other city in the State of the same size. Sedalia is already a railroad center, and by the legislation of the late Constitutional Convention, she is likely to continue so,, without a rival: Because hereafter no county can issue bonds to railroads for more than five per cent, of the value of her taxable property, which amounts to this: that railroads will only be aided by private subscription, consequently there will be few or no more roads built, and there will be no more rail- road centers. The charter of the Pacific Railroad, which passes through Sedalia, provides that no machine shops of the company can be located anywhere else in the State than along the line of their road. Now the property on which the vast machine shops, round houses, coal chutes, etc., of the Pacific Road are now situated in St. Louis, is becoming of such enormous value, that the company has for several years past been seriously agitating the removal of these enormous works to Sedalia. Taking into account the unencumbered real estate, the small public debt of the city and county, the unborrowed capital invested in business, the moderate taxation, and this county has more real wealth than any other in Central Misouri. Sedalia has not yet reached the highest point of prosperity, but is rapidly moving towards it, because new people are coming in every day, new farmers and mechanics, and more capital is being put into business houses and manufacturing interests, new banks are being started and additional newspapers founded. Now let those who are interested in the city as property holders and business men, and those who are seeking new homes, new fields for busi- 604 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ness and new scenes of happiness, consider what the city has actually done in the past year of 1881. Sedalia aspires to be the Capital of the State. She asks the honor, not as a beggar, but as one that demands her just rights. Her geographical position, her enterprise, wealth, beauty of location and accessibility by railroad, are all just and acknowledged facts in favor of this city, and the citizens seem inclined to continue to present their claims for the removal of the Capital until the question is submitted by a vote to the people of the State. After the capital removal scheme, the next great purpose of the city is to enlarge and increase the manufacturing business, and make Sedalia a source of supplies for all the country within her business territory. The building of a railroad north to connect with the C. & A. R. R., is a pro- ject to be carried out in the near future. The erection of a great institu- tion of learning comes next in importance. BUSINESS HOUSE OF H. W. WOOD. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH SEDALIA. Biographical Sketches. All men cannot be great; each has his sphere, and the success of his life is to be measured by the manner in which he fills it. But men may be both true and good, may be morally great, for in true living there are no degrees of greatness— there is no respect to persons. It is not intended in the following pages to include all the several and separate acts of a man's life, important or otherwise. The design is to give the merest out- line, for a complete review of the life .and character of the person named, would be both unwarranted and without general value. The names which follow, for the most part, are those of men who have been or are now closely identified with the interests of the county and their respective townships. The sketches of many of the early settlers are found elsewhere in this volume; but to have given a sketch of every man in Pettis County would .have been utterly impossible. If any have been omitted, who should have been represented, it was more the fault of them- selves or their friends than the publishers of this work. For the most part these have contributed to the enterprise which the publishers have been able to furnish the people. Great care has been taken to give the facts in these sketches as they were given to the historian, and if an occa- sional error is found, it is largely due to the incorrect statement of the one who dictated the sketch. DR. D. T. ABELL. Was a native of Brookfield County, Pa. His parental ancestors were natives of Massachusetts. His father, Daniel H., died in 1877, at the age of eighty-two years. His mother is still living and has attained the eightieth year of her age. Young Abell was educated at the Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, and took his medical course at Homoe- opathic Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating in 1860. Dr. Abell, as an able and competent practitioner of medicine, is too well known in Pettis County to need special comment here. Commencing his practice in Athens, Pa., from thence he moved to Darlington, Wis., where he was appointed examining surgeon for pension applicants, a position which he now holds in Sedalia. He has an extensive practice, both in the city and country — one of the largest in the County or even Central Missouri. Dr. Abell is a member of the Knights of Pythias of Sedalia. 26 606 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. LOUIS G. ADDOR. Dealer in watches, clocks, jewelry, etc. Was born in Switzerland, in St. Croix. His father, Victor Samuel Addor, died in the old country in 1872. His mother, Marie Nanette Jaccard, died in the old country in 18TS. Louis G. was taught the watchmaking business in his boyhood, serving six year as apprentice in the old country. In 1861 he went to South America and entered a wholesale watch and jewelry house. Here he remained until 1865, when he came to this country, locating in St. Louis, and working in the large house of D. O. Jaccard & Co. Here he remained until 1868, when he went back to South America on account of his health. He remained until June, 1871, when he went to Europe and visited his old home and friends. He returned in the fall of the same year to the United States, and traveled in the South, looking for a loca- tion. During the winter of 1871-72 he located at Brownsville, Mo., where he engaged in business. He remained in Brownsville until the spring of 1873, when he came to Sedalia, and opened the large jewelry store which he now occupies. Mr. Addor is a thorough workman, making a specialty of repairing fine watches, of which he has a large assortment, also clocks, jewelry, and everything in that line. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of which, for several years, he has been treasurer. CHARLES W. ALLEN. Manager of the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., Sedalia. Mr. Allen was born in London, England, in 1815. His father, Charles W. Allen, and his mother, Isabel nee Thompson, came with their family to America in 1847. Charles was reared and educated in Illinois and Iowa. In 1862 he entered the Federal army, in Co. H, Sixty-eighth 111. Regt, serving three months. In 1866 he came to Atchison, Kan., and the year following to Rockport, Mo., where he engaged in the sewing machine business, in connection with the Wheeler & Wilson Co. He remained in Northwestern Missouri with this Company until 1880, when he took charge of their business at St. Joseph, Mo., where he continued until 1882, when he came to Sedalia, where he keeps a full stock of these most excellent machines. Mr. Allen was married in 1866 to Miss Eutha A. Burke, of Pike Co., 111. They have six children. Mr. Allen and his wife are mem- bers of the M. E. Church. He is also a member of the Masonic Fra- ternity. THOMAS B. ANDERSON. Formerly proprietor Sedalia Telephone Exchange. Was born in 1848, in Laurence Co., Mo. His father, S. M. Anderson, was a native of Pennsylvania, who is now a resident of Sedalia, and seventy-four years of age. His mother, Emily, nee Owen, was a native of Virginia, still living. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 607 Thomas B. was educated in Sedalia. Learned the jeweler's business, and in 1873 opened a jewelry store in the city; afterwards went to Spring- field, Mo., where he was in the same business two years, returning to Sedalia in 1878. In 1879 he obtained a charter for the Bell Telephone, and in December of the same year opened the first Telephone Exchange in Sedalia. This enterprise soon demanded all his time. He sold out his store, and has since devoted all his time to the telephone lines of which he is proprietor and manager. He was married in 1874 to Miss M. V. Tay- lor, a daughter of C. G. Taylor, the pioneer jeweler of Sedalia. They have three children, Rosa E., Mabel N. and Charles B. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are members of the First Presbyterian Church. JOHN F. ANTES. Proprietor of the Capital Mills. Mr. Antes was born in 1830, in Pennsylvania. His father, Henry Antes, was a native of the same State. His mother, Catharina M. nee Forester, is a relative of Secretary Forester of Ireland. After, growing to manhood, John F. engaged in the commission business, until 1849, when he went to Boston and was employed in a railroad office until 1S53, when he went to Chicago, and was engaged in book-keeping until 1854, when he went to St. Louis, and began railroading, which he continued at various places until 1869, when he gave his whole attention to the Gas Works of Sedalia. In 1880, he sold out the Gas Works, and in 188! bought the mill where he is now engaged in making flour. Mr. Antes is a live business man and has taken no small part in the upbuilding of Sedalia. He was married in 1863 to Lucy Dempsey, of Otterville. They have four childern, Catharina, John H., Marcius S- and Florence H. Mr. Antes has twice served as a member of the City Council of Sedalia, one year as chairman of the same. J. H. ARMSTRONG. Ticket Agent at the Fifth Street office of the M., K. & T. He is the son of H. J. Armstrong, a native of Kentucky, but who moved to Missouri in 1862, settling at Lexington, where he was engaged in the agricultural implement business in Connection with a complete stock of hardware. The father disposing of his business at Lexington moved to Kansas City, in the year 1878, accepting a position with the Moline Plow Company. The subject of this sketch was born in Fleming County, Ky., Sept. 9th, 1855. He received his education partly in the schools of his native State, completing the same in the schools at Lexington, Mo. Mr. Armstrong in starting out in life accepted a position in his father's store at Lexington. After quitting the hardware business, he engaged in farming. The life of a farmer was not the business he wished to follow, and after he disposed of his buisness he moved to Sedalia and accepted a position as car-clerk in 608 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. the M., K. & T. office, which position he still holds with that of ticket agent at the Fifth Street office of said road. Mr. Armstrong is a young man of considerable business ability, courteous in demeanor, and deservedly popular with his employers. WILLIAM J. JBAGBY. Dealer in grocries, provisions, etc. Mr. Bagby was born in 1854, in Buckingham County, Virginia. His father, James M. Bagby, and' his mother were both natives of Virginia. William J. Bagby early engaged in the grocery business as a clerk and traveling salesman and was con- stantly in the business until 1878, when he opened a store in Sedalia. In December, 1881, he removed to the new brick block on Osage street near the corner of Second street, where he has one of the largest and most beautiful rooms in the city, a cut of which appears on page 52i3. Mr. Bagby is a most excellent business man, and stands in the front rank of Sedalia's business men. He is a member of the K. P. He was married in 1880 to Carrie A. Barley, of Sedalia. JOHN C. BARBER. The social and genial superintendent of the car department of the M.,K. & T. He is the son of Lonson Barber, a native of New York, who lived in St. Lawrence County, of that State, until his death, which occurred in the year 1854. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1845, and is the fifth child in a family of nine children. He received his education in the schools of his native State and Wisconsin. After completing his education he went to Whitewater, Wis., to learn the machinist's trade. He worked at his trade until the breaking out of the late war, when he enlisted in the United States service under Col. Maloney in the Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, serving in said service for four years and three months. He was with his regiment in the raid through Missouri and Kansas after the noted guerrillas Quantrell, Anderson and others. His regiment was afterwards ordered to the defense of Corinth, Columbus and Pea Ridge. Afterwards he was with his regiment at the second battle of Ft. Donelson, Hopkinsville, Clarks- ville and Nashville. About this time he was promoted to Maj. Gen. Rousseau's staff, which position he held for two years. He was through all of the battles in the Department of the Tennessee, which was com- manded by Gen. Rousseau, of which might be mentioned the battles of Pulaski, Athens, Florence, Stevenson, Ala., and Lookout Mountain. He also participated in the battles of Dalton, Snake Gap, Resaca and others. After peace had been declared he returned to his home in Wis- consin, and engaged at his trade in the Chicago & Northwestern Rail- road shops at Fon du Lac. He remained in the service of said company HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 609 seven years. In the fall of 1871 he moved to Kansas, and accepted the position of foreman in the Kansas Pacific shops, remaining two and one- half years. Then he moved to St. Paul, Minn., and accepted a position in the St. Paul Pacific car shops. In the winter of 1874 Mr. Barber moved to Sedalia, and accepted the position of foreman of mechanics and machinery, in which position he remained for one and one-half years, when he was promoted to superintendent of car department of the M., K. & T. Railroad, which position he still holds. He was married, March; 1872, to Miss Fannie Craig, a native of Wisconsin. From this union there are three children, viz: Annie C, Franklin L. and Lee W. CHARLES E. BARNETT. The youngest person ever appointed to an official position in the city of Sedalia is the subject of this sketch. Charles E. Barnett is the son of R. W. Barnett, a native of Virginia, but who moved to Missouri in the spring of 1864 and settled at Sedalia, in which city he lives at the present time. The subject of this sketch was born in Fayette County, 111., Aug. 8, 1860, and is the oldest child in a family of seven children. He received his primary education in the schools of this city. In the winter of 1871, he being eleven years old, engaged with J. West Goodwin, of the Bazoo, to learn the printing trade. He remained in the office of the Bazoo until the spring of 1882, excepting the summers of 1879 and 1880, when he took a trip through Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. When Mr. Barnett entered the Bazoo office he went in as an errand boy. He filled all the positions from errand boy up to city editor. He resigned his posi- tion with the Bazoo and accepted the editorship of the Independent, a campaign paper, through the influence of which paper, it is claimed, that most of the present city officers owe their election. After the election the paper suspended, and Mr. Barnett accepted an appointment from the present administration as city policeman, which position he holds at the present time. Mr. Barnett is a young man of intelligence, courteous and pleasant, and will make the city an excellent officer. GEORGE W. BARNETT. Attorney at law. Mr, Barnett was born in 1850, in Kentucky. His father, Amos Barnett, and his mother Elizabeth, nee Bramock, were natives of Kentucky, who located in Macon County, Mo., in 1856. George, the sub- ject of this sketch, was educated at Kirksville State Normal School, grad- uating in 1870. After teaching one year, he began the study of law. Being admitted to the bar in 1872, he began practice at Unionville, Mis- souri, where he remained until 1881, when he moved to Sedalia. While in Unionville he held the office of Superintendent of schools; also was prosecuting attorney six years. He was also mayor of the city. Since 610 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. coming to Sedalia, Mr. Barnett was associated with W. L. Felix, until the latter's death in May, 1881. He was married in June, 1874, to Miss Jennie Christy. They have three children: Robert A., Irene L., and Carl H. Mr. Barnett and his wife are members of the Christian Church. J. R. BARRETT. One of Sedalia's most influential citizens is the subject of this sketch, J„ R. Barrett. He has been identified with Sedalia almost since the city had its birth, and certainly no man has done more in his way to advance the material interests of the Queen City than he. Mr. Barrett is of English descent. His father, J. F. Barrett, was a native of Massachusetts, but at an early day moved to the State of New York, living in Washington County, of that State, until his death; he dying at the advanced age of eighty-eight. J. R. Barrett, the son, was the youngest child in a family of ten children, and was born in Washington County, N. Y., Feb. 26, 1834. He received his education principally in the schools of his native county. In the fall of 1850 Mr. Barrett, then being a youth of sixteen years, emi- grated to North Carolina, remainiug about seven years, when he moved to Missouri, settling in St. Louis in the spring of 1857; here he remained until the year 1866, when he moved to Pettis County, locating at Sedalia, where he has since resided. Mr. Barrett was married, September, 1864, to Miss Ada Barnett, a daughter of Judge Richards Barnett, of Vicksburg, Mississippi. From this union there were four children, three of whom are yet living, viz: Richards B., Jonathan F. and Annie B. Mrs. Bar- rett dying, November, 1870, he was again married in November, 1877, to Mrs. T. N. McClaughry, a daughter of Stephen T. Neil, of Lafayette County, Mo. Mr. Barrett is a man of great business ability and was for many years connected with railroad interests. He was one of the. orig- inal directors of the Tebo & Neosho Railroad Company, also a director in the M., K. & T. R. R., and one of the prime movers in the construc- tion of the Narrow Gauge Railroad, south to the coal fields. Mr. Barrett is also largely connected with the banking interests of this city. He has been for years a stockholder, and a director in the First National Bank of Sedalia. For the last few years Mr. Barrett has given his attention more particularly to the management of his extensive farm just west of the city. This is one of the finest estates in Pettis County, containing 700 acres, 300 of which lie within the city limits. This magnificent homestead lies at the western terminus of Broadway, and is approached by a wide avenue, on either side of which are two rows of shade trees. The residence is a fine large frame, surrounded with a beautiful lawn, shaded with maple and other trees. The gardens are beautiful and spacious, laid off in the most tasteful manner, provided with a number of hydrants and other conveniences. Mr. Barrett's farm is principally in HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 611 blue grass pastures, upon which he grazes about 150 head of milch cows. He is engaged extensively in the dairy business, employing about fifteen men, who are engaged in caring for the stock and other work connected with the business. His dairy consists of all the latest improvements for the business. The barn is large and commodious, being divided into stalls, and will accommodate 140 head of cows. Mr. Barrett is one of the prime movers to get the capital removed to the Queen City, and he has made the State- the generous offer of 100 acres of his beautiful lands adjoining the city, for the Capitol and other State buildings. A view of his resi dence appears on page 447. WILLIAM BARRETT. He was born in 1818 in Hinsdale, N. H. His father, Elisha Barrett, was a native of Vermont, and djed abotit the year 1824. His mother, Betsy, nee Tower, was born in Hinsdale, N. H., and died in 1876. The sub- ject of this sketch lived a considerable time in New York State, but in 1866 came to Missouri, where he has since resided. He was married to Miss Amanda Chapel, of Barrington, Mass. They have five children living, George W., Edward H., Maurice S., Carrie and Freddie L. Mr. Barrett has spent all his life as a machinist. Considerable attention has been given to his invention, the King Feed Cutter. Of the many good qualities claimed by its inventor the following is a brief synopsis: There is nothing about the machine that is liable to get out of order, and should it need repairing it could be done by a country blacksmith. It has not been the study of the inventor to see how much machinery could be made to work together to cut feed, but rather to dispense with all complication and make a machine in the simplest form. And having accomplished that object he feels warranted in m'aking the offer of $10,000 for the right of the United States for a feed-cutter that can be constructed with less mate- rial and for less expense, and that will cut more hay, straw or corn fodder with less power applied, without any infringement upon his patent of Feb. 8, 1881. EDWARD H. BARRETT. Of the firm of Barrett Bros., Novelty Works. He was born in 1850, in Berkshire County, Mass. He came with his father, William Barrett, to Sedalia in 1873. He was married to Miss Clara Tompkins, of Amboy, 111., Nov. 1, 1877. Mrs. Barrett is a daughter of Stephen N. Tompkins. They have two children, Lottie and Walter. He and his worth}' wife are members of the East Sedalia Baptist Church. He is also a member of the knights of.Pythias. 612 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. MAURICE S. BARRETT. Of the firm of Barrett Bros., Novelty Mills. The subject of this sketch was born in Rensellaer County, N. Y., in 1852. His father, William Barrett, is a native of New Hampshire, who came to Sedalia in 1873, also Maurice S. and his brothers Edward H. and George W. coming with their father. In 1879 they built the Novelty Works on the corner of Second and Miller streets, where they have been engaged in manufac- turing doors, sash, blinds, and doing a general planing-mill business. They- are also engaged in the manufacture of the King Feed Cutter, patented by their father in 1857, more particular mention of which is given in connection with the sketch of William Barrett. They make a specialty of the manufacture of this cutter, having established agencies in various part's of the State. Maurice S. is a member of the Congregational Church, where his superior talent for swinging is manifested in the fine quartette choir of that organization. MAJ. WILLIAM BECK. Mr. Beck was born in the year 1827, near Hamburg, Germany. . His father, William Beck, was in the government service, and in 1872 died at the advanced age of eighty-five. Maj. Beck's mother, whose maiden name was Zinnius, is still living in German}-, having attained the age of eighty- two. He received a collegiate, education after which he went aboard a ship and made several trips both to North and South America. At the age of eighteen he received a position in the Custom House 'in Germany and remained there till the breaking out of the Revolution of 1848, when he joined the army against Denmark with Sleswick and Holstein. He was soon promoted to Lieutenancy, serving till 1851, when the army was dis- banded by the forces of Austria and Prussia. Then he held again for a short time a position in the Custom House, which was terminated by the Danish occupancy of Holstein. In 1852, when the Australian gold excite- ment was at its highest, young Beck, who had been reared in affluence and luxury, held government positions, been an officer in the army, and associated only with the higher classes, resolved to make his own fortune in the world, and started as an emigrant to that distant land, arriving in Australia with scarcely a dollar in his pocket. He here saw many ups and down of fortune. His first day's work in Melbourne was wh'eelbar- rowing furniture, for which he received $5.00; and for the first week, at the same wages per day, he engaged in whatever he could find to do that furnished honest employment, such as moving goods, sweeping chimneys, cleaning stores, &c, &c. He then went up among the Ballart mjnes where he worked for three months without much success. Joining an Irish party they made a large sum of money in deep mining, but a flood came which caused them to lose nearly all they had made. Soon after, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 613 Mr. Beck struck another "lead," but engaging too extensively and employing labor at too high wages, it proved a financial disaster. He also speculated in mining shares, but usually he found himself on the " wrong side." No reverses were sufficient to quench his indomitable spirit, and when he left Australia for England in 1855, he had accumulated a hand- some sum of gold. He then spent some time in traveling on the Conti- nent of Europe, but being dissatisfied without regular employment, he came to the United States for the purpose of entering new fields of enterprise. He visited New York, Chicago and other large cities; finally falling in with old comrades who had served with him in the army he engaged in the lumber business and merchandising in Morgan County, this State. This was in 1856. In 1858 Mr. Beck came to Pettis County, and settled in Priceville, about eight miles east of the site now occupied by Sedalia. At that time very little of the prairie land of this county was settled. In 1860 the houses comprising Priceville, about fifteen in num- ber, were removed on wheels two miles to the present site of Smithton. He was married in 1860 to Miss Rebecca Bohon, daughter of Walter Bohon, a native of Kentucky, though for many years a resident of this county, now at the advanced age of ninety-two years, the oldest man in Pettis County. At the breaking out of the war'in 1861 Mr. Beck joined the. Union forces, taking command of the volunteer home guards raised in Benton and Pettis counties. At the expiration of the three months ser- vice he resigned and again engaged in business at Smithton, but the rav- ages of armed bands of marauders made it necessary to remove to Sedalia, which at that time was headquarters for Central Missouri. Here he engaged in merchandising, which he has followed with great success ever since. Maj. Beck is one of the oldest merchants in the city, having come here when wild deer in large numbers could be seen on the very land where the populous city now stands. He has met reverses and successes, proving with his undaunted energy what a young man may accomplish. In 186 A his store was destroyed by fire, and in 1876 the same element destroyed his residence. In 1866 the clouds of war having passed awav, men of enterprise and wealth established business here, greatly enhancing real estate, and Major Beck shared in the profits arising from his judicious purchases. In 1875 Mr. Beck was made a pensioner of his native govern- ment for military service in the Revolution of 1848. In 1876 he received into partnership Chas. E. Messerly, an enterprising young man who had for some time been a salesman in the same house; and since that date they have carried on a general merchandising business with flatterin g success. Their large and well stocked business house is situated on the corner of .Osage and Second streets. Major Beck's family consists of three children living, one son and two daughters, Lewis, aged eighteen, Ella, aged fifteen, and Cora, aged eleven. Three of their children have 614 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. died. Among the worthiest and most influential citizens of Sedalia Major Beck has stood prominently identified. From the very Organization of the city government he was a member of the City Council and has served in that capacity four terms since. He has been a member of the Board of Education a greater portion of the time since the present system was adopted in this State, having served uninterruptedly from 1868 to 1872. His energy, coupled with uniform honesty and fair dealing, has won for him the confidence and esteem of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances who have known him in his long residence here. SAMUEL H. BEILER. Of Hall & Beiler, wholesale grocers. Was born in Alton, Madison Co., 111., in 1839. His father, Jno. G., was a native of Baden, Germany, who died in Alton, Ills., in 1852. His mother, whose maiden name was Eliza Hutton, was a native of Ohio, and is now living in Alton, where Samuel- H., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated. Here he was taught the drygoods business, and when he had attained manhood he engaged with his brother in the mercantile business, i.i 1862 young Bei- ler went to Oregon, still retaining his interest in the store, and remained until the fall of 1866. In the meantime his brother, in 1865, moved the store to Sedaiia, and in 1866 Samuel H. came to Sedalia, and in company with his brother continued the establishment until 1868, when Jno. G. withdrew, and Mr. Hall, his present partner, took his place. After Mr Hall became a partner in the firm the retail trade was suspended. Of the business of this house we speak in another part of this work. Mr. Beiler is a member of the Masonic Lodge. He was married in the fall of 1874 to Virginia Teasdale, of St. Louis, daughter of J. H. Teasdale, of the commission house of J. H. Teasdale & Co., St. Louis. They have one child, Mabel. GEORGE BELLAS. Of Bellas & Thornton, grocers. Mr. Bellas was born in Howard Co., Mo., in 1826. His father, George Bellas, was a native of Pennsylvania, who settled in Howard Co., Mo., in 1816. His mother, Nancy, wee Fitzger- ald, was a native of Kentucky. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in St. Louis. In 1849 he went to California, where he spent two years in mining. After his return he opened a store ten miles from St. Louis, where he sold goods about five years, after which he farmed about ■five years. In the spring of 1862 he came to Pettis Co. and farmed a few years, after which he came to Sedalia and dealt in stoves and tinware for a time, but returned to the farm and remained until 1881, when- he came again to Sedalia, and erected a handsome brick store on Ohio and Seventh streets, where he is now conducting his business. He is the owner of HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 615 much valuable property in Sedalia; is one of the original stockholders in the Citizens National Bank. Mr. Bellas was married in 1854, to Vir- ginia Booth. They have six children living, Sarah E., Nelson T., Francis L., Albert G., George J., Oliver E. One deceased. HARDY L. BERRY. Is the son of Charles Q, Berry, a native of Kentucky, but who moved to Indiana, at an early day, and resides at the present time at Mitchell, Ind. The subject of this sketch was born in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind.,, Feb. 3, 1850, and is the sixth child in a family of eleven children. He received his education in the schools of his native county. After com- pleting his education he engaged in the printing business in Mitchell, Ind., his father being editor of the paper. In the fall of 1873, Mr. Berry moved to Missouri, and settled at Sedalia, and accepted a position in the office of the Missouri Pacific, as assistant ticket agent. He was promoted, March,. 1878, to ticket agent. He was married, Oct. 12, 1880, to Miss Olive M. Norton, a native of Ohio. Mr. Beny is a young man of exceptional character. He is one of the rising voung men of Sedalia, has an enviable record with his railroad company, and is possessed of unusual ability, but is so quiet and unobtrusive that only his intimate friends can estimate his worth. He is a member of the Congregational Church, and Superin- tendent of the Sabbath School. ELIAS BIXBY. Of Bixby & Houx, hardware merchants. Mr. Bixby was born in 1825 in Knox County, Ohio. His father, Aaron Bixby, was a native of New York, who settled in Ohio during the war of 1812. His mother, Nancy, nee Wilson, was a native of Pennsylvania. Elias, the subject of this sketch, was brought up in the tinning business, and in 1847 came to St. Louis, where he worked until 1851, then he went to Boonville, Mo., and engaged in business. They afterward opened a house in Georgetown, Pettis County, Mo., and in 1862 closed their business at Boonville, and moved their entire stock to Sedalia, and after the war built the first brick house in Sedalia. Mr. Bixby has been associated with his present partner, John W. Houx, for over twenty-six years. They are among the oldest and most prosperous business men of Sedalia. Mr. Bixby was married in 1849 to Sarah C. Parvey. They have three children, Medora J., Lewis H. and Lizzie S., who died when six years of age. His wife died in 1856. He was again married in 1858 to Ellen T. Duncan. She died, Oct. 26, 1876. Mr. Bixby has been a very prominent and active member of the I. O. O. F. for many years, and helped to start the first lodge here.' 616 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ERNEST R. BLAIR. Of the firm of Blair Bros., clothing merchants. Mr. Blair was born in 1845, in Ohio. His father, Reuben A., was a native of Vermont. His mother, Mary B., nee Miller, was a native of Ohio. Ernest Blair and his brother Reuben, his present partner, went to the army as Sutlers, in 1862. Remaining with the army until the close of the war, when they went into merchandising at Alexandria, La-. In 1866 they came to Sedalia, and engaged in tobacco business until 1868, they went into the clothing and gent's furnishing goods trade, which they have ever since continued. Mr. Blair was married in 1869 to Miss Girard, of Louisiana. They have four children, Ernest R., Ethel, Ben and Irene. MILO BLAIR. Postmaster, Sedalia, Mo. Born at Blair's Bay, on Lake George, Wash- ington County, N. Y., in 1827, the son of Jonathan Blair. He emigrated with the family to Michigan in 1842, and received an academic education at the Grand Rapids Academy, Grand Rapids, Mich. He entered the office of the Grand Rapids Eagle as an apprentice to the printing busi- ness on the 24th of June, 1845, and graduated from the office in 1849; was engaged at the printing business in that State up to 1865, when he removed to Boonville, Mo., where he started the Boonville Eagle, which he published at that place until July, 1878, when he moved the paper to Sedalia, where he continued its publication under the Sedalia Eagle until February, 1882, when the paper was consolidated with the Sedalia Times, under the name of the Sedalia Eagle-Times. Mr. Blair was Mayor of the city of Boonville five years and three months; was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which met at Cincinnati in 1876, and chairman of the .delegation from Missouri; was the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Missouri in 1880, and received the highest vote cast for any candidate on the State ticket; was appointed Postmaster at Sedalia, Mo., by President Arthur, and confirmed by the Senate on the 27th day of January, 1882. He has been married twice. First in Michi- gan in 1853, to Emily Foster. Two daughters are the fruits of the first marriage, both of whom are married. The eldest, Millie Frances, is the wife, of John F. Hemrichs, of Jefferson City, Mo., and the youngest, Claudia E., the wife of E. D. Crawford, of Denver, Col. Mr. Blair has long been a man of active business: for many years an editor, and has ever been a staunch advocate of the Republican principles which have given him the well-deserved position he now holds. DAVID BLOCHER. Dealer in agricultural implements. Mr. Blocher was born in 1838, in Wayne County, O. His father, Daniel, was a native of Pennsylvania. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 617 His mother, Elizabeth Millen, was also a native of Pennsylvania. David was reared and educated in Indiana, where he followed farming until 1867, when he came to Sedalia and engaged in the grocery and stock business, until 1870, when he engaged in the implement business, to which he has ever since given his time and attention, dealing in all kinds of machinery and farm implements. Since residing here he has served as Mayor of the city, and for several years past as President of the School Board. He was married in 1870 to Miss Lucy E. Ward. They have two children, Anna P. and Mabel. CHARLES F. BOATRIGHT. Merchant, East Third Street. Mr. Boatright was born in 1831, June 26, in West Virginia. His father, C. H., was a native of East Virginia. His mother a native of West Virginia. Charles F., the subject of this sketch, was raised by his grandmother, Stark, and came to Cooper County, Mo., in 1840. In his early life he learned the carpenters' trade, which, together with cabinet-making, he followed for a number of years. In 1862 he engaged in mercantile business in Otterville, Mo., which he -continued until 1875, when he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since been in the same line of business. Mr. Boatright and his wife are mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of which he has been an active member, being the foremost one in the building of their church " here. His first wife died in 1864, leaving one child. By his second wife he has four children, two sons and two daughters. WINFIELD S. BOERSTLER. Winfield S. Boerstler, lumber merchant, of the firm of A. S. Fernald ' & Co. Mr. Boerstler was born in Nov. 1852, in Ohio. His father, Simon, was a native of Pennsylvania, now residing on the old homestead in Ohio, where his father before him lived. His mother, Eliza, nee Raver, was also a native of Pennsylvania. Still living. W. S., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Ohio, taking a course in commercial college at Grand Rapids, Mich. In 1872 he began the lumber business in Michigan, which he continued there and in Wisconsin until 1876, when he came to Sedalia with Mr. Fernald, with whom he has ever since been. In 1882 he was admitted as a partner in the business, and has now, by his own efforts, taken his place among the leading business men of the city. He was married in Dec, 1879, to Miss Sallie Fost, of Sedalia, a daughter of E. Fost, of Caldwell Co., Mo. They had one child, Walter Scott, who died at the age of fourteen months. ' JOSEPH S. BOSSERMAN. Superintendent Sedalia Woolen Mills. Mr. Bosserman was born in 618 HISTORY OF SEDAI.IA. Clark Co., O., in 1837. His father, John, was a native of Pennsylvania. His mother ,CatharinaStayman, was also a native of Pennsylvania. J. S., the subject of this sketch, learned the wool and cloth making business in his boyhood. From 1858 until 1870 he spent his time in Iowa and Mis- souri. In 1870 he went to Denver, Colorado. He came to Seda- lia, and has ever since been connected with the woolen factory of this city. Mr. Bosserman was married in 1865 to Hattie Pervines, by w.hom he has two children, John L. and Maud. He is a member of the K. P. and A. O. U. W. At the spring election of the city of Sedalia in 1882, he was chosen a member of the City Council. JAMES E. BOULDIN. PostorHce, Sedalia. Was born in Virginia, Sept. 5-, 1831. His father was of the same name, and bore the title of "major," and was an exten- sive tobacconist, having put up the first tobacco factory west of St. Louis. He came to Missouri in 1832, when James was quite young, and settled in Lewis County, and subsequently in Howard County. James attended one year of school at the Missouri State University, besides the Kemper school of Boonville and other schools. In 1849 he crossed the plains and spent two years in the west. His mother's maiden name was Miss Malinda L. Saunders, daughter of Col. David Saunders, a commissioned •officer in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Minnie Thomson, daughter of Mentor Thomson, president of the Sedalia Savings Bank. Mr. Bouldin improved his handsome residence in 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Bouldin have seen this county develop from a wild prairie of howling wolves to its present state of cultivation. Mrs. Bouldin remembers seeing the dogs and wolves fighting around the dwelling of her father. Mr. Bouldin owns upwards of one thousand acres of land, and is an extensive farmer and stock dealer. DR. WM. F. BOYER. Was born in 1840, in Forsythe County, N. C. His parental ancesters were also natives of North Carolina. His father, Henry, is now a resi- dent of Sedalia, and his mother, whose maiden name was Margaret Water- son, died in 1846. In 1850, Wm. F. Boyer with his father's family moved to Jacksonville, 111., where he remained until 1855, when he came to Craw- ford County, Mo. In 1860 he began the study of medicine, and in 1864 he graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincinnati, Ohio. In April, 1864, he came to Sedalia, Mo., as contract surgeon in the United States Army, and settled upon the property where he now resides the evening of President Lincoln's Assassination. Dr. Boyer is the pioneer physician of Sedalia, having been here constantly since 1864, he has had ample time to note the rise and growth of the Queen City of the prairies. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 619 The lots where he now lives were purchased by him for $275, and their present worth is $4,000. He was married in 1872 to Mary H. Wharton, daughter of Jno. R. Wharton, one of the early merchants of Sedalia. Dr. Boyer, although a public spirited man, is not a politician, but notwith- standing this fact he has served the public commendably as city alderman twice. He has one son named Wm. F., who was born in 1874. LUCIUS L. BRIDGES. Attoney-at-law, Sedalia. Was born in the town of Massena, N. Y., April 3, 1839, and received a collegiate education at Schenectady, that State, at Union College, graduating in the class of 1861. He entered the army as a private in the Sixteenth New York Cavalry, and was pro- moted to Commissary, with rank as Captain, in the summer of 1864, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He was present at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, and was brevetted Major for meri- torious conduct, and was mustered out in August, 1865. Mr. Bridges ' was admitted to the bar at Canton, N. Y., in 1862, and after the war, in March, 1866, he came to Sedalia and commenced the practice of his pro- fession, and has resided here ever since. He was a candidate on the Repub- lican ticket in 1876 for Presidential Elector for the Seventh Congressional District, and was elected City Attorney of Sedalia, in 1881, on the Green- back ticket, but resigned, December 1st, of that year. He was nominated in the Greenback convention for Congress, in 1880, but declined, and placed in nomination Hon. T. M. Rice, the present incumbent. Mr. Bridges is of English-Scotch descent, his father being Wilson Bridges, a native of Massachusetts, and of English extraction; his mother, Maria Hall Bridges, being of Scotch lineage. He was married in Ogdensburg, N. Y., to Miss Maggie L. Webster, a cousin to Senator Preston King, of New York, whose home from childhood had been with Mrs. Webster. By this union they have two children: Fannie S., aged thirteen, and Harry W., aged ten. Mrs, Bridges died in 1871. Mr. Bridges ranks high as an attorney. He possesses a mind naturally clear and compre- hensive, capable of grasping truths as they are presented, with great exactness. Pleasant in intercourse with his fellow-men,, he has the good fortune to make many friends and few enemies. DR. IRA T. BRONSON. Was born in Watertown, Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1840. His father, who is now a resident of his native State, was born in New Hampshire, and his mother, Lucinda, nee Countryman, was a native of New York, of German descent, who died in 1858. • Dr. Bronson was educated at New- bury, Vt. He received his medical course" at the University of Vermont, situated at Burlington, and Dartmouth College, at Hanover, N. H., 620 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. graduating from Dartmouth in 1869. He practiced his profession at Newbury, Vt, until the year 1873, when he came to Sedalia, Mo., where he has practiced ever since. In the spring of 1880, he and Mr. R. F. Pierce bought the drug store known as the Palace Drug Store, and in the spring of 1881 transferred it to the corner of Ohio and Fourth streets, continuing their business in that place up to the present time. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity and Knights of Pythias. He was married in 1869 to Miss Orpha Gleason, of Barnet, Vt., daughter of Samuel Gleason, now a resident of Sedalia, Mo. They have three chil- dren living: Harl Howard, Blanche Emma and G. Maud. Dr.Bronson had one child, which died in 1879, named Gailord T., aged twenty-two months. In 1861 he entered the Federal army, in the Fifth New Hampshire Vol- unteer Infantry, Company I, and served until the close of the war. He was through the McClellan and Grant campaigns, taking part in all the battled of the Army of the Potomac. He was slightly wounded three times, but not so severely as to disable him for any great length of time. In 1863 he was promoted to Quartermaster, with rank as First Lieuten- ant. Since residing in Sedalia he has been appointed on the board of pen- sion examiners. Dr. Bronson and estimable wife are members of the Ohio street M. E. Church, and he is Superintendent of the S. S. REV. EDWIN T.BROWN, {deceased.) Edwin T. Brown was born in Columbia, Lancaster County, Penn., March 22, 1818. He was the son of Daniel and Emma Brown, nee Vaughn. His maternal grandfather, Rev. Joshua Vaughn, was a pioneer Baptist clergyman of great eminence. The subject of this sketch was converted and baptized by Dr. Elliott, of Pittsburg, at the age of twelve years, and July 4, 1841, he preached his first sermon. It was from Matt. 6: 24, "Ye cannot serve God and Mammon." His school advantages were not numerous, though he took a two years' course at Fayette College in Pennsylvania, and subsequently two years at Rector College in Vir- ginia, and such was his labor in his school duties that his health became much impaired by his efforts. He felt that the Lord had a particular work for him in the ministry, and before his school days were fully ended his friends persuaded him to begirt preaching. In May, 1842, he was ordained in the full work of the ministry, and became pastor of the Baptist Church at Connellsville, Pennsylvania. He removed to Ohio in 1844, and was pastor of the churches successively at"Mt. Vernon, Wooster and Warren, being among the largest churches in Northeastern Ohio. His churches were blessed with large revivals, and many were added to the Redeemer's Kingdom. During a* portion of the war he was chaplain of the Second Ohio Cavalry, where he won the love and respect of officers and men. After he resigned his commission in the army, April 21, 1864, \||'' v = '-,,■ \-r. .... . *' y // f£<7 CS HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 621 he resumed his pastorate at Warren, Ohio, and continued till his stay amounted to nine years and three months.' As a missionary of the Bap- tist Home Mission Society, he removed to Missouri in 1865, settling in Sedalia where he spent the residue of his life. Here he bought a consid- erahle tract of land where East Sedalia now stands, where he built a commodious house. Immediately after his arrival he applied at once his energies to the building up of the First Baptist Church; the edifice con- structed principally by money which he collected for that purpose from his former charges in Ohio, and from private Christian friends in St. Louis, John Hall, and others in Sedalia, and one thousand dollars loaned by the Home Mission Society. After the First Baptist Church of this city had been put on a. firm basis with a good house of worship, Mr. Brown resigned, and soon commenced building up a strong society of Baptists in Clinton, and erected there one of the finest churches in Central Western Missouri. The church cost $20,000, ajid he introduced his successor to one hundred members, and a salary of $1,500, and upon his resignation the members of the church passed resolutions highly complimentary to the labors he had bestowed upon them. Under his leadership a number of churches were re-organized, which had been scattered during the war, and he assisted in forming them into a new association bearing the name of Central Missouri, of which he was first moderator. That he might secure religious advantages to the families of railroad men, he erected, almost, at his own expense, a commodious church in East Sedalia, and bestowed gratuitously on this field five years' labor, which resulted in the conversion of many railroad men. He died at his own residence, of apoplexy, after a brief illness of only half an hour, at 10 o'clock p. m., June 9, 1879. By his unswerving allegiance to what he regarded right, Elder Brown made some bitter enemies, but his benevolence and warm heart won a host of devoted friends. His ministry was a faithful one. The word of God was his text book. He baptized nearly 1,900 during his thirty-eight years' ministry, was pastor of seven churches, built three church edifices, and accomplished untold good in the cause in other direc- tions. He was married to Miss Eliza J. Bryson, May 10, 1841, at Union- town, Penn. She is a cultivated and highly esteemed lady, possessed of superior social qualities. She was born, July 7, 1823;'daughter of William Bryson, who was for a long time deacon in the Baptist Church at Union- town, Penn. She is the eldest of a large family. Her father was a native of Ireland, Scotch-Irish descent, and died about eight years ago. Her mother, whose maiden name was Anna Ayers, died about twelve years since. Rev. Brown has two surviving children. Bryson Brown, the eldest, with his. wife, nee Rhoda De La Vergne, and two children, Lillian'L. and De La Vergne, now live in the former homestead. Emma 27 622 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. A. Brown, their first daughter, died Jan. 28, 1861, aged sixteen years. Mattie, their younger daughter,' was married, April 4, 1882, to Rev. J. M. Plannett, pastor of the East Sedalia Baptist Church. Mrs. Brown has a fine residence in East Sedalia, where she lives with her son-in-law and wife, and enjoys the income from a large estate left by her husband, who was a good business man, accumulating much wealth by the increased value of building sites. DR. WILLIAM BROCKSCHMIDT. Was born in 1827, in Langelage, Amts Wittlage, Province of Hanover, Europe. The Doctor graduated from Gottingen Medical College in 1848. In 1852, he came to America and located in New Orleans for a short time, after which he came to St. Louis, where he practiced medicine two years. He now went to Jefferson City, where he married C. Mayer, by whom he has two children, ]^Eary Ann, and John F. In 1862, the Doctor came to Sedalia, where he has since made his home. He enjoys a large practice, making a specialty of palsy, dropsy, cancers, and all diffi- cult diseases, in all of which he is eminently successful. JOHN D. BROWN. Proprietor of the Western Telegraph Institute, Sedalia. Mn Brown was born in Howard County, Ind., in 1848. His father, James Brown, came to Sedalia in 1865, and in 1870, John D. went to St. Louis," where he learned telegraphing in the Metropolitan Telegraph Institute. In after years he operated on various lines of railroad; In 1874 he established the Institute of which he has ever since been proprietor and manager. Over, one hundred young men each year are here fitted to fill positions in telegraph offices. The school is supplied with about twenty-five sets of telegraph instruments. Mr. Brown is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married in 1874 to Lida McClung; they have one child, Earnest M. DR. J. A. C. BROWN. One of Pettis County's influential business men, and Sedalia's most honored citizens, is the subject of this sketch. He is the son of Haley Brown, of Randolph County, N. C. The subject of this sketch was born in Davidson County, N. C, March 31, 1834, and is the oldest child in a family of nine children. He received his education from Trinity College, North Carolina, and the Emory and Henry College, Virginia. He grad- uated at the University of North Carolina in the collegiate year of 1857-8, in a class of ninety-six. The Doctor read medicine with Dr. S. G. Coffin, of Jamestown, N. C, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia. After completing his medical education the Doctor^wentto HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 623 Texas, where he remained until the fall of 1860, when he returned to his home in North- Carolina. After remaining at home a short time he enlisted in the Confederate army, under Col. Pettigrew, who afterwards became General. The Doctor was with Stonewall Jackson in his cele- brated campaign in Virginia. Dr. Brown participated in all of the hard- fought battles of Stonewall's campaign. He was wounded at the seven days' fight at Richmond, and afterwards received a second wound at Shepherdstown. When peace had been declared in 1865, Dr. Brown moved to Missouri, settling at Dresden, in Pettis County; here he resided and practiced his profession until the summer of 1877, when he received the appointment of Collector of Pettis County, .vhich office he acceptably filled until the spring of 1881. Since that time he has been engaged in agriculture and the stock, business. The Doctor and his step-son own one of the finest farms in Dresden Township, containing 646 acres well improved. He also owns a fine residence on Ohio street, south of Broadway, where he and family reside. In business Dr. Brown is hon- orable and just, and is highly esteemed and respected by his many friends. ANDREW G. BROWN. One of the popular conductors of the Missouri Pacific, is the subject of this sketch. He is the son of Green Brown, a native of England, but who emigrated to the United States in an early day, settling in New York, but afterwards in 1849 moved to California and is supposed to have been killed by the Indians. The subject of this sketch was born Aug 25, 1849, in Paw Paw, Mich. He received his education from the schools of his native State. After quitting school he engaged in farming for a few years, then he learned the blacksmith trade, working at his trade for three years. Then he accepted a position as brakeman on the St! Louis & San Francisco R. R. Of Mr. Brown's railroad history we copy the fol- lowing complimentary notice from The Railroader, of November, 1881: " Mr. A. G. Brown, the retiring Grand Island Sentinel, is with the Missouri Pacific, and at present the Secretary of the Queen City Division, No. 60, Sedalia, Mo. Mr. Brown is young, energetic and active, very popular with a wide circle of acquaintances, and is decidedly one of the most val- uable members of the order. Mr. Brown has filled nearly every office in the Division, and all trusts con- fided to him have been faithfully executed. Though still young he has been railroading for twelve years, his first service having been performed on the St. Louis & San Francisco. At a later period he changed to the Missouri Pacific, and is at present in charge of a passenger between Sedalia and Hannibal." He was married, March 26, 1874, to Miss Amelia Craft, a native of New York, but her residence was in Michigan at the 624 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. time of her marriage. From this union there are two children, viz: Ada and Leah. CHRIS. BRUNCKHORST. Runs saw-mill and deals in walnut lumber. Mr. Brunckhorst was born in 1846 in Germany, where his parents lived and died. In November, 1866, he came to America, locating in Morgan County, Mo., where he taught a German school, and worked at various kinds of employment, but for the past few years has been in the saw-milling business. In 1881 he built the mill in East Sedalia, where he is now engaged, which has a capacity of over 1,000,000 feet per annum. Mr. Brunckhorst is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married in 1872 to Friderika Slimbrink, of Benton County, Mo. They haye-four children, Katie, John, William, Frederick, and one deceased. CHARLES W. BULLEN. Assistant Cashier of Citizens National Bank, Sedalia. Is the son of Samuel H. Bullen, a native of Louisville, Ky., in which city the father lived until his death, which occurred July,' 1870. The subject of this sketch was born in Louisville, Ky, Feb. 7, 1853, and received his edu- cation in the schools of his native city. In the winter of 1869, Mr. Bullen moved to Missouri, settling in the city of Sedalia, where he has since resided. He has been engaged in the banking business since his residence here. First he was connected with the Sedalia Savings Bank; but- in May, 1872, the Citizens National Bank was organized and Mr. Bullen was elected its teller, and since has been promoted to assistant cashier, which position he still holds. Charles Bullen, for whom these few lines are intended, is a young man highly respected, possessing all of the qualities of a good bank officer. It can be truthfully said, that it is not age that makes men generous and valuable factors in social and business circles, nor indeed is it wealth and the miserly hoarding of money, nor is it the fact of being reared in the community that makes an officer of a bank most efficient and trustworthy. E. V. BUCHANAN. Assistant Postmaster, Sedalia, Mo. Mr. Buchanan was born, July 19, 1853, in Greenville, 111. His father was a native of Kentucky. His mother, a native of Illinois. E. V., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Greenville, 111. In 1869 he engaged in mercantile business where he remained until 1873. From this time until 1875, he was doing business at Hillsborough, 111. In 1875 he went to Keokuk, la., where he remained until 1877. In 1878 he went to Clinton, Mo., where he was Assistant Postmaster one year, after which he returned to Green- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 625 ville, 111., and sold goods until 1882, when he received the appointment of Assistant Postmaster of Sedalia, which position he now holds. Mr. Buchanan was married in 1879 to Alice V. Vest, of Greenville, 111. They have one child, Georgia L. Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan are members of the M. E. Church. JOHN BURKHART. Manufacturer and dealer in boots and shoes. Was born in December, 1846, in Switzerland. Nicholas, his father, emigrated to America with his family in 1853, locating in Ohio. He afterward came to Sedalia in 1866, and after working on the bench for fifty-five years died here in July, 1881. John, the subject of, this sketch, was principally reared in Ohio, and in 1862, when but sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the Federal army in Company I, Seventy-Sixth Ohio Veteran Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Vicksburg, Shiloh, Pea Ridge, Milliken's Bend, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, with Sherman on his march to the sea, and many other campaigns and battles during the war. He was wounded once or twice, but not seriously. After the close of the war he and his father's family moved to Sedalia, where he has ever since been engaged in the boot and shoe business. When a small boy, and again after the war, he worked on the bench until 1869, when he opened his store and began handling eastern goods. As his business increased he turned his whole attention to his store, and has, by strict attention and honorable dealings, accumulated until his stock of goods, in quantity and quality, is second to none in Sedalia. Mr. Burkhart keeps several workmen constantly employed in the manufacture of boots and shoes, for which he finds ready sale. Mr. Burkhart was married in 1869 to Mary Hulland, of Sedalia, a daughter of Richard Hulland, one of the first settlers of the city, now deceased. In April, 1881, their oldest son Willie, was run over by a span of horses attatched to a carriage in the streets of Sedalia and instantly killed. They have three children now living, Alice, Richard and an infant born Christmas, 1881. JAMES MADISON BYLER. Born, June 2, 1833, in Boonville, Cooper Co., Mo., eldest son of David C. Byler, a native of North Carolina, who, at the age of seven years, with his father, Joseph Byler, came to Cooper County, Mo., in 1818. His mother was a native of Kentucky, who emigrated with her father, David Lilly, to said county in 1826, and settled near Boonville. His grand- fathers were among the pioneers of Missouri. In his early life especially, was much afflicted with sickness, having had six attacks of disease, more or less serious in their final effects, and has been the subject of ten acci- 626 HISTORY OF SEDAJLIA. dents, leaving permanent effects in the shape of dislocations, fractures and partial paralysis, principally in the extremities, so that now he has neither perfect hand nor foot; but otherwise in good health. Received primary education in select and public schools, finishing in the Kemper Family School at Boonville, Mo., where he was a member as pupil, tutor and assistant teacher from 1848 to 1855. Having been educated for a teacher, he taught in Cooper County until 1857, when he went to Clinton, Henry County, Mo., where he established the first High School ever taught in that place, continuing until 1860, when, his health failing, he determined upon a more active life, and having at intervals before engaged in travel- ing agency and soliciting business, he located in September, 1860, in War- rensburg, Johnson County, Mo., soon after engaging in mercantile busi- ness in connection with several agencies. Was married, Dec. 24, 1858, at Clinton, Mo., by Rev. L. C. Marvin, to Miss Emma Shumway, late from New Hampshire, and a daughter of Royal Shumway, an old and highly esteemed citizen and merchant of Langdon, N. H. Her mother was Betsy Willard, a teacher, and also a native of New Hampshire. His wife was educated principally at the Merriden Institute in Vermont, and in music by Prof. Wyman, the well known musical author. By this mar- riage there have been born to them three sons and one daughter, all at home, and they are an honor to their anxious parents. The first year of the Rebellion, caused his financial ruin in Warrensburg, hence he retired to the schoolroom again, and in 1862 removed to Boon- ville, Mo., taught a select school for first year, and in 1863, together with the Rev. Buckner, founded and incorporated the Cooper Institute, a female college at that place. He occupied the chair of mathematics and natural sciences, as his special duty, otherwise co-assistant; Rev. Buckner, President, with the chair of English literature as his special duty, &c. At the close of the rebellion Mr. Byler retired from the Institute in poor health, telling his friends and patrons that he had determined to locate in the future great city of Central Missouri. Like many others he was considered over sanguine, but time has proven greater progress than was even then anticipated. He moved to Sedalia in May, 1865, and was employed for several months as bookkeeper and accountant by Laup- heimer & Bloess, wholesale and retail merchants, and for about one year taught an evening commercial school. In 1865 he formed a partnership with Dr. Logan Clark, in the real estate agency business, in which they were quite prosperous during the two years existence of their partner- ship, the Doctor then retiring to his farm. In 1866 Mr. Byler established the first real estate paper, and discontinued it in 1870. In 1867 he com- menced the compilation of a set of title abstract books for Pettis County, Mo., the first that was completed. He still continued in the real estate business, and in 1872, connecting with it, as a special feature, real estate HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 627 loans, having made arrangements for an almost unlimited supply of eastern capital through brokers, for whom he invested several hundred thousands of dollars. Since engaging in real estate business he has sold millions of dollars worth of real estate, loaned hundreds of thousands of dollars, made thousands of abstracts of title, and perfected over 300 defective titles. Owing to general financial revolutions, Mr. Byler's leniency, generosity, free use of his name as surety, and through sickness and disabling accidents combined, his financial success has been much varied, and yet he lives to labor. PROF. ANDREW S. CALDWELL. Book-keeper with J. G. Allen. Mr. Caldwell was born, Sept. 15, 1853, in Hopkinsville, Ky. His father, Isaac, was a native of Kentucky, now a resident of Carlinville, 111. His mother, Eva Stiles, was a native of Ken- tucky. Andrew was reared in Louisville, Ky., where Re was educated. Graduating in 1868 from the High School, after which'he graduated from the State Normal University, in 1876. He spent some years in teaching, and in 1879 came to Sedalia, and accepted the position of principal of Washington School for two years; was again elected, but resigned to take the position of book-keeper with the house of J. G. Allen, where he still remains. Mr Caldwell is a member of the Christian Church, also of the I. O. O. F. DR. R. WILSON CARR. Dr. Carr was born in Anne Arundel County, Md., March 3, 1831. His father, John Carr, was a descendant of the early settlers of Maryland, his ancestors having emigrated to this country with Leonard Calvert, brother of Lord Baltimore, in 1633. His grand uncle was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and his father a soldier in the war of 1812, and was at the battle of North Point, which saved the city of Baltimore from the English. His family are now in the possession of landed property in Lower Maryland, which was granted to them at the settlement of the Territory, on which there now stands a house built over two hundred years ago, in which were born his ancestors down to the present genera- tion. The subject of our sketch was educated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., after which he immediately commenced the study of medi- cine, and graduated at[the University of Maryland, March 8, 1852. Before graduating in medicine he entered the Bayview Hospital, as resident physician, and remained there until the spring of 1853, when he emigrated to California, where he remained practicing his profession until the fall of 1856, when he went to Nicaragua and served as Surgeon with Gen. Walker, until the whole party were driven out of the .country by the com- bined forces of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and San Salvador. He then 628 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. returned to Baltimore, and in i860 was appointed Chief Surgeon of Mary- land Militia, by Gov. Hicks, which he resigned in 1861, on account of his sympathy with the South when the civil war broke out. He remained in Baltimore during the war, declining several offers to take a position in the United States Army, but on several occasions, as at Antietam and Gettys- burg, he served as volunteer surgeon, and at the latter place was surgeon in charge of the Confederates wounded, numbering some 2,500, for which he received some very complimentary notices from United States authori- ties for services rendered. In 1868-69-70-71, he was chief coroner for Baltimore City. . Finally, Dr. Carr became dissatisfied with the old prac- tice of medicine, and adopted the homoeopathic; but, having been educated in both schools of medicine and liberal in his views, believes there is good in each so-called system, and that there is error in each. He came to Sedalia in May, 1877, and now enjoys one of the best practices in the city. He makes a specialty of electro-therapeutics, and has made some brilliant cures in that branch of medicine. He belongs to the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is "a vestryman in that church at this time. He is also a member of the Board of Health of the city of Sedalia. He is a Mason of high standing, having taken all the degrees in that Ancient Order many years ago. He is also a member and examining physician of the Orders of Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, and Knights and Ladies of Honor, in this city. He was married in 1857 to Miss Sue E. Johnson, of Baltimore, a descendant of the Johnsons of Frederick County, Md., a family of distinction in that State from its early settlement. The subject of this sketch enjoys a large and lucrative practice, which his long and successful experience, and his thorough knowledge of the -profession so eminently merit. ELISHA A. CARPENTER. Grocer. Mr. Carpenter was born in 1846, in Windom County, Conn. His father, Lucius Carpenter, was also a native of Connecticut, as was also his father before him. His mother, Camelia, nee Day, was a native of the same place. E. A., the subject of this sketch, came to Michigan in 1868, where he engaged in merchandising about seven years, after which he railroaded about three years. In 1878 he came to Sedalia, and was on the M., K. & T. Railroad until 1880, when he took charge of the circula- tion of the Sedalia Democrat, which he still continues. In 1881 he started the store on East Fifth street, where he is now in business. Mr. Carpen- ter is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married in 1875 to Miss Lulu McDonald, of Grand Rapids, Mich. They have three children, John G., Edith and Albert. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 629 WILLIAM W. CECIL. Groceries and provisions. Mr. Cecil was born in 1815 in Montgomery County, Va. His father, Philip Cecil, and his mother, Mary A., nee Wygal, were natives of Virginia. William, the subject of this sketch, with his parents, came to Saline County, Mo., in 1831. When about twelve years of age he had white swelling in his left leg, which has caused him to use a crutch ever since. During the war he lost his property, and in 1865 came to Sedalia a poor man ; opened a small grocery here, which has steadily grown until he now ranks among the very foremost business men of Seda- lia. In 1881 he built the elegant two-story brick, which he now uses for his store, situated on East Main street. He was married in 1848 to Eliza- beth A. Foster. CICERO M. A. CHANEY. Cashier Pettis County Bank. Was born, May 14, 1833, in Virginia. His father, Parks J. Chaney, also a native of Virginia, emigrated to Callaway County, Mo., in the year 1838, where he lived until 1854; then moved to Pettis County, and died here in June, 1871. His mother was also born in Virginia, and died in 1868. Cicero, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, but notwithstanding the fact that he was employed most of his time there, he learned a trade. In 1867 he gave up the farm and devoted his time entirely to contracting and building, having moved to Sedalia. In 1870 he became a stockholder and director in the Central Missouri Banking and Savings Association, and has ever since been connected with the banking business. In 1872 he was one of those who organized the Citizens National Bank at Sedalia, and was a member of the first board of directors. He retained this position until 1875, when he and others organized the Pettis County Bank, at which time he was chosen cashier, and has retained that Dosition up to the present time. Mr. Chaney is a man of liberal means and is a member of the A. O. U. W. In 1853 Mr. Chaney was married to Miss Elizabeth F. Ballew, a -native of Kentucky, and daughter of Wm. Ballew, who located in Boone County at an early day, and died there in May, 1880. Mr. Chaney has five children living, David F., now a clothing merchant of Sedalia, Mary E., wife of L. L. Routan, of Holden, Roxanna L., Alice and John. D. A. CLARKE. Dealer in carpets, window shades, awnings, etc. Was born in Canada in 1851. His father, D. R. Clarke, was a native of Scotland, and died in 1879. D. A. Clarke, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Canada, and learned the upholstering business in his boyhood. He followed this business in Canada until 1876 when he came to Sedalia, where he was employed in a carriage shop for a short time, when he took 630 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. up his trade of upholstering. He continued this business until June, 1881, when he opened the large carpet store on Third street which he now occupies. This is the first and only house in Sedalia which carries this line of goods exclusively. His building is a handsome two-story brick, exclusively for his business, conveniently arranged, and is an orna- ment to the city. Mr. Clarke has a large stock of choice goods, embrac- ing all kinds of carpeting in both foreign and home designs, and has a large and growing trade. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Knights of Pythias; also the Encampment. He was married in 1879 to Miss Garrie Zullins, of Nevada, and they have two children, Don M. and Callie. DR. LOGAN CLARK. Dr. Clark was born Sept. 4, 1820, in Christian County, Ky. His father, John Clark, was a native of North Carolina, who settled in Kentucky at an early day, and was Clerk of the Court of Christian County, Ky., for many years. He died in Missouri in 1831. His mother, Betsey, nee Chrick, was a native of Kentucky. Dr. Logan Clark came with his parents to Callaway County, Mo., in 1824. He studied medicine in Lex- ington, L Ky., in 1844-45, after which he practiced medicine for fifteen years. At one time he was chosen to represent Johnson County, Mo., in the Legislature. In 1861 he came to Sedalia and entered the Federal Army as Surgeon of the Twenty-seventh Missouri Regiment, serving one year. After the war he engaged in real estate business in Sedalia, in which he was very successful. In 1877 he was elected Mayor of Sedalia. Dr. Clark is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He was married in 1846 to Harriet E. Kid. They had one son, John C, now deceased. THOMAS W. CLONEY; Cashier Sedalia Savings Bank. Was born June, 1836, in Baltimore, Md. His father -was Thomas Cloney, a native of Ireland, and a grand- son of Gen. Cloney, of Irish fame, who died a number of years ago. Mr. Cloney, the subject of this sketch, came to Jefferson City, Mo., when but a child, and was there raised and educated. In 1855, in connection with a Mr. Crawford and Gen. Thos. L. Price, he engaged in the mercantile business, under the firm name of Cloney, Crawford & Co. They were extensively engaged in both the wholesale and retail, having their prin- cipal house in Jefferson City, and branch, houses in Tipton, Syracuse, Otterville and Sedalia. They built a house on the first lot sold in Sedalia,. where VV. M. Moore's wholesale liquor house now stands. They con- tinued in business here until 1865, when the firm dissolved. Mr. Cloney was not actively engaged in business again until 1871, when he -entered the Central Missouri Banking & Savings Association. Mr. Cloney is a HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 631 member of the Chapter, Lodge A. F. & A. M., in Sedalia. He has been married twice. First, to Miss Crawford, of Jefferson City, by whom he had two children, both now dead. His first wife died in 1857. In 1875 he married Mrs. Mary Hughes, eldest daughter of Maj. Wm. Gentry, of Pettis County. JAMES M. CLUTE. Was born in Picton, Canada, in 1846. His father, John S. Clute, was a native of Canada, of which place he is still a resident, and actively engaged in business as collector of customs. His mother, Mariah Wood, a cousin of Fernando Wood, died in 1881. James, the subject of this sketch, was brought up to mercantile pursuits, and in 1866, when but twenty years of age, embarked in business at his old home, on his own account, which he has very successfully, followed ever since. He con- tinued in business here until 1869, when he went to Mt. Vernon, Ills., and engaged in business for about one year, in connection with a Mr. Ungent, now of St. Louis. Early in 1871j he sought a home farther west, and although Sedalia was then but a village, the wisdom of his choice is now manifest. Here he, in connection with Mr. T. Kehoe, under the firm name of James M. Clute & Co., engaged in the dry goods trade at their present stand, corner of Ohio and 4th streets, where they have one of the largest and most attractive store rooms in the city. They have a very large and well selected stock of goods, including everything usually found in such a house, with a large corps of polite and obliging assistants, and are doing a business second to none in their line in the city. Mr. Clute is a member of the Chapter Lodge of Masons. He was married in 1873 to Ella Saunders, of Cleveland, Ohio, a daughter of William Saunders, of that city. They have two children, both living, Mabel E., and Florence M. A cut of Mr. Clutc's store appears on page 431. MOSES S. CONNER. Sheriff of Pettis County. Among the public spirited men of Pettis County, Moses S. Conner is a standard bearer. His father, James Con- ner, was a native of Kentucky, who died in Iowa in the year 1872. Moses S., the subject of this sketch, was born in Clark County, Kentucky, in 1825, and received the advantages of a good common school education. After he left school he followed the milling business for many years. In 1857 he moved to Missouri and located in Cooper County, where he resumed h ; s trade until 1873, when he moved to Sedalia, and was employed in the M., K. & T. round house for a time. In the spring of 1876 he was elected Constable of Sedalia township, which office he held until the fall of 18S0, when he was elected Sheriff of Pettis County, which position he now holds. Moses S. 632 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Conner has filled the office of Sheriff with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people in general. He is a member of the Oriental Order, " Palm and Shell," and has received quite a number of collections of specimens from the " Holy Land," which are furnished to all members of that order. Mr. Conner and his wife are members of the M. E. Church South, in high standing. He was married in the year 1848 to Margaret F. Conkwright, of Clark County, Ky., and has five children, Jno. W., James S., Allen H, Frederick P. and Jeff D. JOHN W. CONNER. Recorder of Deeds. Was born in 1849, in Clark County, Ky. He is a son of M. S. Conner, Sheriff of Pettis County, whose biography appears in this work. John was educated in Cooper County, Mo. He learned civil engineering and was for several years connected with the M., K. & T. R. R., after which he was in the abstract business until 1878, when he was appointed Deputy Recorder, under Captain Ritchey. During the feeble condition of Capt. R., the office has been entirely under the charge of Mr. Conner for several years. In the spring of 1882, Capt. R. resigned and Mr. Conner was appointed to fill the vacancy. Mr. Conner is a young man of more than ordinary ability, and makes an official of which Pettis County may well feel proud. Mr. Conner is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was married in 1871 to Mary ;E. Koontz, of Boonville, Mo., a daughter of Col. Joseph C. Koontz, one of the early settlers of that county. They have three children,*! Lillie M., Leonard R. and Ida F. REYNOLDS & CONNER. General book and job printers. Mr. Reynolds is a native of Tennessee. His father, W. K. Reynolds, being a native of the same State. Mr. Reynolds was educated in Sedalia. In 1876 he began the printing busi- ness, and in January, 1882, he and Mr. Fred P.- Conner opened the job printing house, where they are now rapidly building a large and profitable business. Mr. Fred P. Conner is a son of M. S. Conner, whose biography appears in this work. Mr. Fred P. was born in Cooper County, Mo. He followed the printing business until 1881, when he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of this county, which position he retained until January, 1882, when he became associated with his present partner in the printing business. EDWARD G. COGLEY. He is the son of Thomas Cogley, a native of Ohio, who died at Cleve- land in the fall of 1S66. Edward G. Cogley was born in Cleveland, 0., March 3, 1851, and received his education in the schools of his native HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 633 city. When sixteen years of age he commenced railroading on the C. & T. Railroad, in which employ he remained six years, first as fireman and then being promoted to engineer. In January, 1873, he came to Sedalia, where he accepted a position as engineer with the Missouri Pacific Rail- road, and has retained it till the present time, July, 1882, with satisfac- tion to the company and great credit to himself. He has never met with an accident nor been suspended during his nine years of railroading here. He was married, Sept. 9, 1869, to Miss Nora Hayes, a native of Cleve- land, O., and by this union there were six children, only two of whom are living, James C. and Stella M. His faithfulness is appreciated by the company, and his social nature attracts many friends . WM. P. COUSLEY. Contractor and builder. Was born in 1840 in County Derry, Ireland, Robert Cousley, his father, died in Ireland, his native home, in 1848, and his mother emigrated to America in 1850 with her family, and is still living in Alton, 111. She is seventy-two years of age, and retains the activity of youth to a remarkable extent. She located in Alton when she first came to America, and has never changed her place of abode since. Wm. P. was principally reared in Alton, and at the age of seventeen years he began the carpentering business, serving an apprenticeship of three years. When the war broke out he entered the Federal Army in April, 1861, in Company I, Fourth Missouri Regiment, and served three months, after which he entered Company D, Tenth Illinois Volunteers, serving until the close of the war in 1865. During his career as a soldier he met with many narrow escapes, as he participated in all the battles of the regiment, and on many occasions had his clothing pierced with balls from the guns in the enemy's hands. After the war he returned to Alton, 111., where he remained until the year 1869, at which time he came to Sedalia and engaged in contracting and building. Mr. Cousley is one of the oldest contractors in the city, and has been connected with her growth and prosperity almost since the first. A great many of the elegant structures which line her streets were built under his supervision. He was married in 1871 to Miss Mattie McNeal, of Alton, and by her has four children living, named respectively, Eunice C, Esther C, Robert Grant and William Sherman. They have one child deceased. Mr. Cousley is a member of the Sedalia Lodge, No. 27 K. P., and he and his wife are also members of the Presbyterian Church. ORESTES A. CRANDALL. Attorney at law. Mr. Crandall was born on Feb. 25th, 1833, at Syra- cuse, New York. His father, Beman Crandall, and his mother, Pollie, nee Tuttle, were natives of Connecticut. O. A. Crandall, the subject of this 634: HISTORY OF SEDALIA. .sketch, came with his parents, in 1835, and settled at Crystal Lake, in what is now known as McHenry County, 111., but at that time a vast wilderness. His earliest memory is of Indians and wild beasts. There was no settle- ment nearer than forty miles. It was several years before a sufficient number of settlers came in to establish a school. After a school was ■established he. attended regularly about six months in a year until he was thirteen years of age. This is all the -education he ever received at school except a part of a term at Gleason's Normal School in Chicago. Being thrown on his own resourses at the age of thirteen, and unable to attend school, he followed such pursuits as afforded him the greatest time for reading and study- He pursued his studies during his leisure hours, and obtained his education without. a school, teacher or discipline. In 1853 he went to California, overland, walking the last five hundred miles, •carrying his bundle on his back, where he spent eight years in mining. On his return, early in 1861, he settled in Saline County, Mo. On the breaking out of the civil war, he took sides with the Union, and went to his old home in Illinois and aided in raising two regiments of Union soldiers. His business interests again calling him to Missouri, he was in the battle of Marshall, in 1863, and in November, of that year, he perma- nently located in Sedalia. Was in the battle of Sedalia, Oct. 1 5th, 1864, and was taken prisoner by the Rebels when Sedalia fell Having given considerable time to the study of law, in May, 1864, he applied to the Circuit Court of Pettis County for admission to the bar. He was publicly examined as to his proficiency, and granted a license by Hon. J. A. S. Tutt, Judge of that court. He was afterward examined by Hon. Arnold Krekel, Judge of the U. S. District Court, and admitted to practice in that court, and was afterward enrolled by Judge Dillon a member of the bar of the U. S. Circuit Court. He has always taken great interest in the growth and prosperity of Sedalia and Pettis County. In 1877 he was retained by the county court to defend suits brought against the county on bonds issued to various railroads. By his skillful management of these cases, the holders of the bonds were forced to compromise, which saved to the county over $100,000. At the same time, the city of Sedalia being largely in debt and unable to pay its interest, he volunteered his services, and went to Boston, and called a meeting of the holders of Sedalia bonds and effected a compromise by which the interest on the whole debt was reduced from ten per cent to five per cent, thereby saving the tax payers of Sedalia over $200,000 in interest alone. In 1875 he organized the Pettis County Bank, and was elected its president, which position he held for five years. On disconnecting himself from that institution he organized the Missouri Trust Company, and was elected president, which position he now holds. Mr. Crandall has always taken an interest in politics, but has never sought office. In 1868 he was run by the Demo- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 635 cratic party for State Senator, from the district composed of Lafayette, Saline and Pettis Counties, but with the balance of the ticket was defeated, though he ran ahead of his ticket. From 1808 to 1872, he was a member of the Democratic State Executive Committee, and was the first to suggest what afterwards became known as the " Possum Policy," which proved successful in 1870, and took the State out of the hands of the Republicans. In 1864, Mr. Crandall married at Sedalia, Mo., Miss Kate A. Kidd, by whom he has had four children, three of whom, Emma K., Arthur Lee, Stella May, are now living. COL. JNO. D. CRAWFORD. Col. Crawford was born in Pettis County, Mo., March 1, 1838, and during his boyhood attended the common schools. He afterwards attended William Jewell College,, at Liberty, Mo. When the war of the rebellion RESIDENCE OP COL. J. D. CRAWFORD, SEDALIA. MO. broke out he espoused the. Union cause, and on Aug. 18, 1862, was com- missioned Captain of Company C, Fortieth Regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia, and June 13, 1864, was commissioned Colonel of the same. Dur- ing a portion of 1862-63 he served as Provost Marshal at Warrensburg, Mo., and as Captain of Company K, Fifth Provisional Regiment, in South- western Missouri during the latter part of 1863. His military career as Commander of the Fort at Sedalia, and as an efficient officer in many other fields of operation, won for him the lasting gratitude of the Com- 636 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. monwealth and approbation of his fellow-citizens. He was married, June 21, 1865, to Miss Annie E. Parberry, daughter of N. N. Parberry and Elizabeth H., nee Joplin, formerly of Virginia. In November, 1870, he was elected as a Republican to the office of Recorder of Deeds for Pettis County, and before his first term of office expired in Nov., 1874, was re- elected for another term of four years. He is now (July, 1882,) engaged with A. P. Morey, in the real estate; abstract and loan business on Ohio street, Sedalia,Mo., and his success as a business man is a source of grati- fication to himself and friends. Being well and favorably known through- out the county he commands the largest patronage of any similar firm in Central Missouri . He is of Scotch-Irish descent, son of Col. John E. Crawford and Sarilda Jane Crawford, wee Donnohue, both from Kentucky. His father is still living, though at the advanced age of eighty years. Mr. Crawford is a prominent member of the Baptist Church in Sedalia. His generous impulses and enterprising spirit place him before the public as one of Sedalia's most valuable citizens. A cut of his elegant residence on West Sixteenth street is represented on the preceding page. FRANK CRAYCROFT. Was born, Sept. 16, 1841, in. Montgomery County, Maryland. His father, Aaron ■- Craycroft, and his mother, Harriet G., nee Harris, were both natives of Maryland. Frank, the subject of this sketch, came to Missouri with his father's family in 1865, locating in Cooper County, where he engaged in farming until 1869, when he went to Chillicothe, Mo., and took the general agency for McCormick's Reapers, Mowers, Binders, etc., and has ever slhce had charge of their business in this part of Missouri. In 1874 he removed to Sedalia, where he has since made his headquarters. In 1881 he was elected Mayor of Sedalia, and under his able administration the affairs of the city were conducted in such a manner as to reflect great credit upon him. Mr. Craycroft was married in 1870 to Emilie Huff. They have three children, Grace, Emilie H. and Frank. FREDERICK G. CROWLEY. Of the firm of F. G. Crowley & Co., wholesale and retail carriage factory. Mr. Crowley was born, March 20, 1828, in Baltimore, Md. His father, Frederick, was a native of Germany. His mother, Margaret, nee Dinges, was also a native of Germany. F. G., the subject of this sketch, learned the carriage business in his boyhood in Baltimore. In 1848 he moved to Columbus, Ohio, where he worked at his trade until 1851, when he opened a shop in Cleveland, Ohio, which he operated about eighteen months. In the fall of 1851 he married Susan Schriber, of Cleveland, a native of New York State. In 1853 he removed to Burlington, Iowa, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 637 where he engaged extensively in the manufacture of buggies and car- riages until 1873, when he was burned out. In 1879 he came to Sedalia and started the factory where he is now engaged. They have six children, James I., Jacob, Carrie, Emma, Frank, Lee, and four deceased. PROF. DAVID R. CULLY. The popular Superintendent of the public schools of this city is the subject of this sketch, David R. Cully. He is the son of Joseph Cully, a native of Maryland, and a grandson of George Cully, a soldier in the Revolutionary War. His father, in common with many others, sought to better his condition by "going west," and finally settled in Wayne County, Ohio, then the far west, where, by his energy and industry, he succeeded in accumulating a handsome competence for his family. Prof. Cully was born, January 17th, 1837; attended the common schools until he was twelve years old, when he was sent to Vermillion Institute at Hayesville, Ohio, then a popular and well known school, presided over by the Rev. Sanders Diefendorf, D. D. He graduated at this institute in September, 1856, and was valedictorian of his class. He then was sent to Jefferson College, now Washington and Jefferson, in Pennsylvania, where he graduated in August, 1858. After completing his education he moved to Missouri, settling in Cooper County, where he engaged in teach- ing and had charge of an academy for seventeen years, excepting the years 1864 to 1867, when he was principal of the Missouri Female Col- lege, at Boonville. In the years 1877-78 he had charge of the public schools at Mexico, Mo., but resigned to accept the superintendency of Seda- lia public schools, which position he has filled to the great satisfaction of the people since the fall of 1878. To Prof. Cully's industry, tact and superior qualities as a teacher are due, in a great measure, the high standing which the schools of this city have taken. Sedalia may well feel fortunate in retaining the services of such an educator and organizer. He was married in October, 1864, to Miss Sue Chilton, a native of Cooper County, and the daughter of Charles Chilton, a young lawyer of eminence, who died at Boonville in the year 1848. Her mother, Mrs. Mary E. Chilton, a sister of Judge V. T. Chilton, of Pettis County, and her only other child, Miss El visa Chilton, still reside at the homestead in Cooper County. The names of Mr. Cully's children are: Mamie L., Maggie, Charles L., Walter B. and Bessie E. WILLIAM CURRAN. Was born in Prince Edward's County, Ontario, Canada, in 1850. His father, William Curran, was a native of Ireland, and is now living in Ontario. His mother, Elizabeth, nee Donahoe, was also born in Ireland 28 638 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. and died in 1876. William Curran, Jr., was reared in Canada, and after he left school learned the cloth manufacturing trade. In 1871 he came to Troy, Mo., where he joined his brother, who was a contractor on the St. Louis, Keokuk & Northern Railroad. He remained with his brother about one year. In May, 1872, he accepted a position with J. M. Clute, of Sedalia, and was retained in the services of this house seven years. In 1879 he engaged in the dry goods business with T. J. Fry. Here they continued in business until November, 1881, at which time Mr. Curran bought Mr. Fry's interest, and has since conducted it alone. He has an elegant store-room, which is filled with a large and well-assorted stock of dry goods, and is doing a good business. Mr. Curran is a member of the Catholic Church. He was married in 1880 to Miss Maggie H. Barrett, of Sedalia, daughter of E. S. Barrett, now deceased. COL. BENJAMIN D. DEAN. Merchant. Col. Dean was born, Oct. 7, 1828, in Greenville, Darke County, O. His father, Aaron Dean, was a native of New Jersey, who emigrated to Ohio at an early day. He was an officer in the war of 1812. Col. Dean, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Greenville, O. He afterward studied dental-surgery, which profession he followed for several years, after which he engaged in merchandising with marked success. In 1857 he came to Missouri and settled on a farm. In 1861 he raised a company for the Twenty-Sixth Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned its captain. He was wounded three times at the battle of Iuka, Miss. He was highly complimented by his Colonel, who said, " By your bravery and skill you have made„ the reputation of this regiment." On the 28th of May, 1863, he was commissioned Colonel by Gov. Gamble, for gallant conduct at Champion Hill and Vicksburg, Miss. He was the first of the three thousand men who crossed the Tennessee River, at midnight, Nov. 23, 1863, and routed the rebels at Mission Ridge. He took part in many other hotly-contested battles during the war, always acquitting himself as a brave soldier and gallant officer. On the 9th of January, 1865, he was mustered out of the service with his regi- ment, and returned to his home in Missouri. In 1872 he was elected Treasurer of Franklin County, and was re-elected in 1874. He was on the Republican ticket, as Presidential Elector, for the Fifth Congressional District. He was made a Mason in 1856. He married Sarah S. Harlan, daughter of a worthy resident of Warren County, O. They have three children, two sons and one daughter. In the spring of 1877 Col. Dean removed to Sedalia, where he has since been engaged in merchandising. Since coming here Col. Dean has served the city as Chairman of the City Council. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 639 JOHN N. DALBY. Wholesale grocer, Sedalia. Was born in 1837 in Edwards County, 111. His father, Samuel N., was a native of England, who came to America about 1821, and settled in the county before mentioned, Where he still resides. His mother, Elizabeth, nee Brisenden, was also a native of Eng- land, but died in 1844. John N., the subject of this sketch, was brought up to the merchant tailoring business. In 1862 he went to Cincinnati, O., where he was employed in the wholesale grocery house of Bishop Bros, for eleven years. Here he began without a dollar, but during the succeed- ing, years helped his father and brothers to the extent of several thous- and dollars. In 1874 he came to Sedalia, and together with J. H. Hogue built the house and opened the wholesale grocery business, where he has RESIDENCE OF JOHN N. DALBY, SEDALIA, MO. ever since been engaged. In March, 1882, Mr. Hogue sold his interest in the business to Mr. Dalby, who associated with himself T. J. Porter. The firm is now Dalby & Porter, wholesale grocers. Mr. Dalby was married in 1871 to Lucy A. Waller, of Cincinnati, O., a native of Lafay- ette County, Mo. They have two children living, George L. and John Leroy. Two deceased, Nelson W., killed by an engine in 1879, aged five years, and Lucy E., died in 1881, aged two years. He has been a Mason since 1859, and has taken thirty degrees in that order. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church, of which he is a deacon and teacher of the infant class, in the Sunday School, numbering 130 scholars. Mr. and Mrs. Dalby have an elegant home on the corner of Fifth street and Washington avenue, a view of which appears in this volume, beautifully 640 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. furnished, with all the comforts as well as luxuries of life, including Brus- sels carpets, lace curtains, a Decker Bros' Upright Piano, a choice library, and fine oil paintings, among the most attractive of which is " A Kentucky Mountain Scene," from the brush of Prof. Young. His house is also furnished with all the modern conveniences of water attach- ments and gas throughout. CAPTAIN HARRY C. DEMUTH. Of the firm of Easton & Demuth, books and stationery. Mr. Demuth was born in 1850, in Ohio. His father, Christopher Demuth, was a native of Ohio, now of St. Louis. His mother, Mary, nee McDonald, was also a native of Ohio. Capt. Harry C. Demuth was educated in St. Louis, and came to Pettis County in 1865. In 1870 he was appointed Assistant Postmaster of Sedalia, which position he occupied constantly until 1882, filling it in a manner which reflects great credit on himself, and gave him a name and reputation second to no man in the county. In February Capt. Demuth and his partner, Mr. Easton, bought the large book and stationery store of Brown Bros., where they are now engaged in business. Capt. Demuth is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married, Oct. 21, 1880, to Miss Dora Lamy, of Sedalia, a daughter of E. Lamy, of this city, whose biography appears in this work. Capt. Demuth is a self- made man, having started out in life .vithout a dollar, but by his own efforts has now taken his place in the front rank of Sedalia business men. DR. HEZEKIAH E. DEPP. Dental surgeon. Dr. Depp was born in 1829, in Barron County, Ky. His father, John Depp, was a native of Kentucky, who emigrated to Jefferson City, Mo., in 1836, who was also the discoverer of the Depp Lead Mines, in Moniteau County, Mo., and operated them several years. His mother, Mary, nee Ellis, was a native of Kentucky. Dr. Depp began the study of dentistry in his boyhood, taking a course in St. Louis, under the celebrated Dr. H. E. Pubels, where he continued to practice until 1865, when he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since practised his profession. Dr. Depp assisted in the organization of the Western Dental Society, in 1867,- being one of its original members, and was one of the first Vice- Presidents. Out of this has since grown the Missouri Dental Society and the Missouri Dental College. Dr. Depp was married, in 1853, to Eliza- beth Sweeney. His wife died, in 1859, leaving three children, Olivia M., Leon and John H. He was married the second time, in 1870, to Margaret M. Stephens. He is the inventor of motive power for street railroad cars, which is considered a great revolution in this department of passenger transportation. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 641 CHARLES A. DEXTER. "Was born in New York city; is the son of Norman Dexter, who, for many years, was a ship-owner, controlling the South American trade. Charles A.'s childhood was spent in New York; fitted for college at Hart- ford, Conn.; then studied civil engineering; was engaged on the New York & Erie and Panama Railroads; afterward filled a State appointment on the New York & Erie Canal; had charge of the transit in running a line for a railroad the entire length of Indiana, from the Ohio River to Lake Michigan, which is now known as the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad. Owing to ill health he was obliged to quit the profes- sion and went to South America, thence to New York, but finding the climate too severe in winter, went to Texas in the interest of several mer- cantile houses having claims in that then considered risky State, where he remained two years, and then returned to New York. This was the time the whole country was flooded with what was then known as " Wild-Cat " money. He was engaged by New York bankers in making exchanges and collections in the West, and was connected with, and the correspond- ent of, the first mercantile agency established in New York, by the Tap- pans, with headquarters at Cincinnati. During the cholera epidemic, which proved so terribly fatal in the West, he went to the Cumberland Mountains, in Middle Tennessee, and bought a tract of land, where the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad tunnelled the mountain, and after laying out a town, erected a steam saw and grist mill, store, blacksmith shop, shoe store, har- ness shop, grocery store, smoke house and pork-packing house, and was engaged in general merchandising, buying and selling grain, cotton, tobacco and all plantation products, his office being the general exchange for the planters in that section, and also headquarters of the Chattanooga Division of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. Matters were pro- gressing to the utmost extent when the war broke out. Then Mr. Dexter was politically opposed to Isham G. Harris, at that time Governor of Tennessee, and felt his contemptible malicious power when he refused a commission in the Confederate army by being banished from the State. Through the influence of an intimate friend he joined the Fourteenth Regi- ment Iowa Volunteer Infantry. His intimate knowledge of the South made him a very valuable acquisition, and therefore was immediately detailed for special service. This was at the commencement of the war, and Missouri was the source of considerable uneasiness. He was ordered to report to Gen. McClellan, commanding at St. Louis, and was by him sent on a quick topographical survey of the country between Sedalia and Kan- sas City, after which he was sent to Springfield, then ordered back to Sedalia, where he remained till orders came to examine the sur- roundings of Island Number Ten. After making this report he was attached to the Provost Marshal's Department, and his services 642 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. were acknowledged by the appointment of Captain and Chief of the U. S. Secret Service, Department of Illinois. At the close of the war he was ordered on the Plains in the capacity of Captain and military store keeper. Army life, at a military post in time of peace, becoming irksome, he resigned, and came to Kansas City, Mo., receiving an appointment in the Internal Revenue Service, organizing the levying and collecting of the revenue tax, with headquarters at Versailles, California, Tipton and Seda- lia, changing as the geographical boundaries of his district changed, and while thus engaged advanced capital to a friend in the book, news and stationery business, and finally took charge of the business in person, enlarging his business until he now has two extensive stores in successful operation, carrying large stocks of miscellaneous books, papers, wall- papers and notions. He is the oldest merchant in his line in the city, and is thoroughly identified with the prosperity of the city and county. He has made many expensive and valuable improvements, and invests every dollar he can command in the county. His knowledge and experience in the West is extensive, and he firmly believes that Sedalia is destined to become an important and large commercial center. Mr. Dexter married, in Cincinnati, O., the daughter of John B. Clark, a merchant of that city, and has one son, Charles Stanley. EDWARD J. DILLON. Of the firm of Tucker & Co., grocers and provision dealers. Mr. Dillon was born in Cooper County, Mo., in 1836. His father, Edward P.Dillon, was a native of Ireland, who came to America in 182S, and soon after located in Cooper County, Mo., where he was a merchant until his death, in 1862. His mother, Margaret M., nee Hardy, was also a native of Ire- land, a sister of John R. Hardy, the first beef and pork packer of St. Louis. She died in 1880, aged SO years. Edward J., the subject of this sketch, was brought up to mercantile pursuits, under his father, and for a number of years superintended his father's business. In the early part of the war he entered the Confederate Army as 1st Lieutenant, and served until the close of the war. He was wounded three times. In 1865, he came to Sedalia, and married Miss Luvinia Heard, a daughter of George Heard, of this county, settled near Dresden, and engaged in farming for two years. He farmed in other parts of the county until 1870, 'when he engaged in business in Brownsville. In 1875, returned to Sedalia and dealt in real estate for several years. January 1, 1882, he engaged in the grocery business, in company with Mr. Tucker, where we now find him. Mr. and Mrs. Dillon have two children,- Rosa C. and Clyde H. GEORGE E. DUGAN. House, sign, and ornamental painter. Mr. Dugan was born in 1845, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 643 in Beaver, Pa. His father, Talbot T., was also a native of Pennsylvania, as was his mother, Elizabeth, nee McLean. George began the painting business at the age of twelve years, under his father, who was a painter. In 1872 he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since done an extensive business, working twelve to twenty-five men. He was married in July, 1872, to Anna Stephens, of Sedalia, who, as a writer, is well and favorably known here. They have two children, Ernest and LaPette. One died. JUDGE ROBERT G. DURHAM. Was born in 1821, in Northumberland County, Pa. His father, James Durham, was a native of Pennsylvania, as was also his grandfather, and the house built by his great grandfather before the Revolutionary war, is still owned by the family. His mother's maiden name was Charlotte Garton. His grandmother, McClintic, was scalped by the Indians, during the Revolutionary war. Judge Durham received a Collegiate education, after which, he studied law, which he practiced in Centre Co., Pa., until coming to Sedalia, in 1866. In 1867 he was appointed by Gov. Fletcher Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he filled two years. Since which time he has practiced at the bar. Judge Durham has been a Mason since 1860. He was married in 1865 to Harriet Ritchey. They have three children, Thomas, Clara and Harry R. DR. EDWIN C. EVANS. Was born in Washington, D. C, October 29th, 1828. His father, Dr. Thomas Evans, was also a native of Washington and was one of the early physicians of Missouri, having located in the eastern part of Pettis County in 1832, where he practiced his profession until his death in 1874, at the age of 70. Edwin C. received a fair education, and at the age of twenty he commenced the study of medicine. He graduated from the St. Louis Medical College in the spring of 1854, and on the 6th day of June of the same year he was married to Miss Elizabeth Joplin. He began practicing in Otterville soon afterward, making a specialty of diseases of the eye and ear. Of these diseases he has had a wide experience, hav- ing taken a special course of lectures in this study at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1857-58 and receiving the ad eundem de- gree. In addition to this Dr. Evans graduated in 1865 at the Ophthalmic College, New York, taking a wide course of study and having some val- uable experience in the hospitals. In 1873 he formed a partnership with his brother, W. H. Evans, and moved to Sedalia that he might have a broader field for his practice as an ocVilist, and to-day his reputation extends outside the limits of Missouri, as his success in many cases of the most delicate operation known in opthalmic surgery has given him the endorsement and respect of the profession and made him popular at 644 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. large. In 1880 Dr. Evans was elected Mayor of Sedalia on the Demo- cratic ticket. He at first respectfully declined, and afterward positively refused to accept the nomination, but it was forced upon him, and he was elected by a large majority, although the Republicans had held the office for two years previous. He served the people well in that capacity. DR. WM. H. EVANS. Was born in Cooper County, Mo., in 1840. His father was Dr. Thomas Evans, who is spoken of in another part of this work. Dr.Wm. H. came with his father to Pettis County, when but a child, where he has ever since remained. He was educated in this county, and early com- menced the study of medicine. In the course of his medical study he attended the St. Louis Medical College, but graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1867. During the late rebellion Dr. Evans figured as Assistant Surgeon, in the Eighth Missouri State Militia and Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry, a veteran regiment, serving until the close of the war. After the war he returned to Pettis County, and began practicing medicine, in and around Sedalia. In 1873, he in con- nection with his brother, Dr. E. C. Evans, began practicing together, and have ever since been identified with Sedalia. They are both sons of one of Pettis County's pioneer settlers and physicians, and having been reared in this county, it is not strange that they are recognized as favorites among the people of Sedalia, or that they stand high as practitioners of medicine. Dr. Wm. H. Evans has served the county as Coronor, several terms. He was married in 1869 to Miss Ella Stone, of Pettis County, daughter of Clark Stone, deceased. They have two children, Lulu and Wm. C. Mr. and Mrs. Evans are consistent members of the O. S. Pres- byterian Church. ALANSON FARNHAM. Of Farnham & Gilman, liverymen. Was born in the month of April, 1842, in Genesee County, N. Y. His father, S. H. Farnham, was a native of New" York, and is now a resident of Floyd County, la. His mother > Deborah A. Farnham, is still living in St. Clair County, Mo., aged 86 years. Alanson was but nine years of age when his parents moved to Winnebago County, 111., and soon after moved to Iowa. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in the Federal Army, Co. K, First Illinois Cavalry, and served until December, 1862, when he was mustered out. Early in the spring of 1865 he entered as 1st Lieutenant of Co. G, One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the war. In the fall of 1865 he returned to Illinois and bought a farm, and in December of the same year married Lucy E. Gilman, of that State, daughter of Dr. Jno. P. Gilman, of Winnebago County, now of Kearney County, Neb. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 645 In 1869 he moved to St. Clair County, Mo., where he engaged in farming. After the M., K. & T. R. R. was built through there, he erected the first livery stable in Appleton City. In 1873 he came to Sedalia, and bought the stable of Wesley Kipp, on West Main street, where he remained until the summer of 1876, at which time he built the large brick stable on the corner of Osage and Third streets, which he now occupies. Mr. Farnham has quite a number of fine horses, with a complete stock of fine buggies and carriages, and does a large business. For about three years he owned the only hearse in the city. Mr. Farnham's partner in business, Mr. Gilman, spends much of his time in training and developing fine horses. Mr. Farnham is a member of the Christian Church, also of the Masonic and K. P. Lodges. He has three children, Lena A., Lizzie E., Leslie S., and two deceased. . Their second daughter, Lonie May, died April 13, 1881, aged twelve years; Leon J. died when about three weeks of age. GEORGE L. FAULHABER. Pacific "Express Agent, Sedalia. Was born at Kirchbromback, Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, April 6, 1838. His father, John, died in Germany. In the year of 1851 he came to America, locating in Pittsburg, Pa., and was engaged in the furniture establishment of his brother, E. A. Faulhaber, (who had preceded him to America,) until 1857. About this time he went South, but in September of the same year he came to Jefferson City, Mo., and was engaged by the U. S. Express Company as Agent at that place. He retained this position until 1864, when he came to Sedalia, and continued as agent in the same company. In 1867, Mr. Faulhaber started a private express line throughout the southwest, by stage, which he continued until the railroads began to overrun the ground, and at the same time holding his position as agent of the U. S. Express Co., making headquarters at Sedalia. On account of the competing lines he let his pri- vate enterprises in the business cease. During Mr. Faulhaber's career in Sedalia he has not escaped the toils of public office, being elected Mayor in 1879, serving in that capacity creditably to himself and his constitu- ents until the election of Frank Craycroft. He is prominently connected with many of the lodges of Sedalia, being made a Mason in 1865. He has done much for that fraternity in Sedalia. In 1881, when the U. S. Express Co. left the Gould lines, Mr. Faulhaber was appointed agent of the Pacific Express Co., at Sedalia, a position which he has filled with emi- nent satisfaction ever since. He is now one of the senior express agents in Missouri, probably only one or two having been acting in that capacity so long as he. He was married Jan. 2, 1861, to Lillie Grimshaw, of Jefferson City, daughter of Jonathan Grimshaw, express agent of that city. ,They have five children living, named respectively: Catharine E., 646 * HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Gertrude, Earnest A., Eda M., and Blanch L., and one deceased. Mr, Faulhaber is one of the early settlers of Sedalia who is universally respected and esteemed both as a Mason, citizen and official. WILLIAM L. FELIX, (deceased). He was born in Scotland County, Mo., March 15th, 1846. His father,. Wm. L. Felix, Sr., was a native of Kentucky, and came to Missouri at an early day, about 1838-40. He died in the year 1875. The mother of our subject, whose family name was Susanna Carry, formerly resided in Jefferson County, Ky. She is still living at Pierce City, Mo. Wm. L- Felix, Jr., was educated at Abingdon, 111., and Lexington, Ky. In 1869' he commenced reading law, in Sedalia, with John Montgomery, Jr., and was admitted to the bar in 1872, and for a time remained in the office as partner. In 1873 he was appointed city attorney, since which time he has twice been elected to the same office. Mr. Felix was chairman of the judicial convention which nominated Judge John P. Strother, of this cir- cuit. In February, 1881, he became associated in the law business with Geo. W. Barnett. He was a member of the Knights of Pythias and Knights of Honor, having been the representative of both these lodges to the Grand Lodges for several years. He was married, Nov. 4, 1869, to Miss Anna A. Fetterling, a daughter of John Fetterling, (deceased), of Johnson County, Mo. Three children cheer the household, though recently made sad by the death of their father. The names of the children are Eldon L., John W. and Clara A. William L. Felix departed this life May 3, 1882. He died in Texas, having gone there for the purpose of regaining his health. His remains were buried in the Sedalia cemetery, May 6, 1882, and his funeral services were conducted under the auspices of the Christian Church and of orders of which he was a member, and attended by the members of the Sedalia. Bar, and an immense concourse of sympathizing friends and relatives. He was a member of the Christian Church, where he took an active part in all religious duties. Resolutions of the deepest respect and sympathy were offered by the bar and various lodges of the city to which he belonged. The following resolutions, were passed by the bar: Whereas, W. L. Felix, in the early manhood of his existence, has been taken from our midst by death. Our deceased friend and brother, in the profession of the law, grew up. from boyhood in this county, loved, esteemed and honored by all our citizens. When one who has borne the reputation of an able and upright lawyer, honest and respected citizen, true to his church and country, is taken by the inscrutable hand of Providence, it is proper that we, who have been closely connected with the deceased in the practice of our profession, should express our sympathy and condolence with the family of our HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 64T deceased friend, and bear our tribute to his many virtues and noble character in all the walks of life: Resolved, That, in the death of Wm. L. Felix, the Pettis County Bar has lost an industrious, talented and able lawyer; our city and county a true, upright and honorable citizen; the church a conscientious member; his wife a loving husband, and his children a kind and indulgent father. Resolved, That our deceased brother in his life time was ever genial,, courteous and gentlemanly in his intercourse with the members of our profession, and that we, the members of the Pettis County Bar, deeply deplore his untimely death, and condole and sympathize with his afflicted family, and will attend in a body the funeral of deceased. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be spread upon the records of all the courts of Pettis County, and published in our city papers, and that a copy thereof be presented to the family of our deceased friend. John Montgomery, Jr., ) H. C. Sinnett, > Committee. R. G. Durham, ) WILFRED D. FELLOWS. Was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire, in 1852. His father, James Fellows, was a native of New Hampshire, where he still resides. His mother, Jane, nee Stephens, was a native of Salisbury — still living. W. D., the subject of this sketch, was educated at Henniker, N. H., after which he engaged in mercantile business for some years at his old home. In 1876 he went to Massachusetts, and remained until the fall of 1877, when he came to Sedalia, and engaged with H. H. Marine, as salesman, until 1879, when he began with the wholesale house of Brown Bros., with whom he has ever since remained. Mr. Fellows was married, April 20, 1880, to Emma V. Anderson, of Sedalia. They are both members of the First Presbyterian Church of Sedalia. He is leader of the choir, and Superintendent of the Sunday School. A. S. FERNALD. Of the firm of A. S. Fernald & Co., lumber dealers. Mr. Fernald is a native of New York State. His father, Joseph S., is a native of Maine; now living in New York State. In 1872 A. S. Fernald, the subject of this sketch, went to Muskegon, Mich., where he spent five years in the lumber business, as inspector. In 1 877 he came to Sedalia and engaged in the lum- ber business, which he still continues. Mr. Fernald has served as a member of the city council since residing here, and is held in high esteem by all who know him. CHARLES P. FERRELL. Dealer in groceries and provisions. Mr. Ferrell is a native of Kentucky, and a son of Steward Ferrell. He was educated at Eminence College, Ky., and at Poughkeepsie, New York. Graduating from the latter in <64S _ HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 1872, after which he engaged as traveling salesman for a New York wholesale house, where he remained three years, after which he traveled for a Louisville leather housed until 1880, when he returned to Kentucky, and married Miss Lucy Smith. He now went to Lebanon, Mo., where he did a large grocery business for one year. In 1881 he came to Sedalia, where he and his partner, Mr. W. L. Smith, opened the store on Ohio street near Fourth, where they are in business. GEORGE FERRELL. Traveling salesman for Hall & Beiler. Was born in West Virginia. Garld C. Ferrell, his father, and his mother, Carolina, nee Sexton, natives of Virginia, have been dead for several years. George, the subjet of this sketch, was reared on a farm, where he spent his boyhood. In 1875, he came to Sedalia, and was engaged as salesman for Brown Bros., dealers in books, stationery, etc. After remaining two years in the store, he went on the road as traveling salesman for this firm, and continued until April, 1881, when, in partnership with W. J. Bugby, opened a grocery .and provision store on Osage street. Here he remained until January, 1882, when he sold out his prosperous business to his partner, and accepted a position as traveling salesman with Kail & Beiler, wholesale grocers of Sedalia, and is now on the road again. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of Sedalia, and is secretary of the same. Mr. Ferrell, although a young man, is possessed of untiring energy, and has already taken his place among the worthy business men of the city. JOHN D. FESLER. One of the guardians of the city peace is the subject of this sketch, John D. Fesler. He is the son of Daniel Fesler, a native of Pennsylvania, but who moved to Illinois in the year 1853, settling at Paris, in Edgar County, of that State. He died in Scott County, 111., July 6, 1869. The subject of this sketch was born in Cumberland County, Penn., Oct. 26, 1814, and is the third child in a family of eight children. He was educated principally in the schools of Illinois. In June, 1869, Mr. Fesler moved to Kansas, settling in Craword County, where he remained until the year 1879, when he moved to Missouri, settling at Sedalia, where he has been engaged until recently in farming. In August, 1862, Mr. Fesler .enlisted as a soldier in the United States service under Col. Fad, of the First Regiment of Engineers of Missouri Volunteers. He served until the close of the war,- and was mustered out of service at the time of the grand review at the City of Washington, 1865. He was with Sherman on his march to the sea, was in the siege of Vicksburg. Mr. Fesler has principally been engaged in farming, though he has acted as assistant surveyor under Capt. Miller,. Chief of Survey, made on the proposed HISTORY OF SEDALIA. # 649' route of the Sedalia Northern. He also acted in the capacity of bridge carpenter for a short time. In April, 1882, he received the appointment of city police, under Mayor Messerly, and confirmed by city council, May 16, 1882, which position he holds at the present time. Mr. F. is a young man of good standing, sociable and courteous, and will make the city an efficient and popular officer. JUDGE CURTIS FIELD. President of the Pettis County Bank. He was born near Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky, on the 3d of November, 1822. His father, Curtis Field, son of John and Dianna Field, was born in Culpepper County, Va., on the 8th of March, 1781. His mother, Rosanna, nee Har- din, daughter of the distinguished Col. John Hardin of the U. S. Army, (who was killed in his country's service by hostile Indians on the soil of Ohio in 1792,) was born in Washington County, Ky., on the 8th day of January, 1791. His parents were married near Richmond, Ky., on the 20th day of March, 1810. The subject of this notice received his early - educational training at the Madison Male Academy of Richmond, Ky. In 1838 he entered Augusta College and remained a student at that in- stitution for three years under the instruction of a faculty composed of President Joseph Tomlinson, with H. B. Bascom, B. B. McCowen, J. Trimble and J. D. Kemp, Professors. He afterwards entered the Dane Law School, of Harvard University, at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, and graduating there, he received the degree of A. B., in the class of 1844. His diploma is signed by Josiah Quincy, President of Harvard University, and by those eminent law writers, Hon. Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf. On his return to Kentucky he passed an examination before Hon. Humphrey Marshall, of the Louisville Circuit Court, and Hon. Mason Brown, of the Franklin Circuit Court, (two of the most eminent jurists Kentucky has ever produced,) who being satisfied with his qualifications, signed his license to practice in the courts of Ken- tucky. He was sworn in as attorney-at-law in the Madison Circuit Court at Richmond, Ky., in December, 1844, and practiced in the Supreme and Circuit Courts of the State, until his removal to Missouri in the year 1868. He was married in Harrodsburg, Ky., on the 25th day of March, 1845, to Miss Martha Richardson, a native of Mississippi. Her father, Col. Frank R. Richardson, was a graduate under President Holly, of Transylvania University, and a distinguished planter and politician of Mississippi, and her mother, Sarah, nee Magoffin, was a native of Kentucky, and a sister of Hon. B. Magoffin, Governor of Kentucky at the commence- ment of the late civil war. Sh^e died in Richmond, Ky., March 13, 1860, leaving seven children, all of whom came to Missouri with their father and are now citizens of this State. The names of the children are, Sallie, 650 . HISTORY OF SEDALIA. the wife of LB. McClure, Rosa Hardin, wife of "C. W. Courtney, M. D., Curtis D., Frank Richardson, Martha Richardson, Charles R., assistant cashier of the Pettis County Bank, all of Pettis County, and John Hardin, of Audrain County, Mo In the year 1847, the Legislature of Kentucky established a Police Court for the city of Richmond, and Gov. Owsley commissioned Field as Judge of that Court, which office he held for about three years, and then resigned. In 1858, he was elected a member of the Kentucky Legislature, from Madison County, after the most exciting and strongly contested political battle that ever occurred in that State. He made a good member, and was highly complimented for his ability by the press of the State. In 1859, he took control as editor and manager of the Kentucky Messenger, a newspaper published at Richmond, and at the time the only newspaper published in the Sixth Congressional Dis- trict of Kentucky. He conducted the paper for something more than a year, with marked success, but could not be induced to continue for a longer term in the arduous and responsible duties incident to such a posi- tion. Soon after his removal to Missouri he settled at Knobnosfer, Johnson County, and i-xpended $15,000 in building a handsome residence, store rooms, opera hall, etc., for the improvement and adornment of that place. He soon became a large stockholder in the Sedalia Savingi Bank, and was elected and served as one of its directors. In 1869, he organ- ized the Savings Bank of Knobnoster, with a paid up capital of $50,000; which afterwards he converted into the First National Bank of Knobnos- ter. He was President of these banks from their organization to the time of his resignation and removal from the county in 1876, and each of them proved under his management, not only a public benefit, but a financial success. From the spring of 1876, to the fall of 1879, he was a resident of Audrain County, and expended large sums of money there in building, fencing, and otherwise improving his lands. His example was followed by others and wonderfully increased the value of real estate in that county. Removing to Pettis County in September, 1879, he settled upon one of his farms in the vicinity of Sedalia; bought stock in the Pettis County Bank, was elected its President July 1, 1880, and continues in the office to the present time. His bank experience, commencing' in early manhood, as director and-attorney of the Northern Bank of Kentucky, has always been pleasant and remunerative to him, and to those associated with him. When he came to Missouri to make it the permanent home of himself and children, he was the owner of about 12,000 acres of land, located in the counties of Sullivan, Linn, Cass, Callaway, Boone, Audrain, Johnson and Pettis; he has been selling and buying lands since that time, and now owns large farms in Johnson, Audrain and Pettis counties; but his talent and taste is rather in banking than in farming, or in attorney- ship, and he will probably pursue the former to the end. Such an enter- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 651 prising man is Mr. Field, that being possessed of unusual tact and busi- ness integrity, he has become an important factor in the growth and development of this county and State. HEiNRY Y. FIELD. County Clerk of Pettis County. Was born June 21, 1837, in Louisville, Ky. Col. W. H. Field, his father, was a native of Virginia, and was killed at his home during the war, in 1862. His mother, Mary, nee Young, was a. native of Kentucky, and died in Louisville, in 1880. Henry Y. Field, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Louisville; and in 1853 he came to Pettis County, and engaged in farming, which he has never entirely given up. In the fall of 1878, Mr. Field was elected Clerk of Pettis County on the Democratic ticket, and is now serving his county in that capacity to the general satisfaction of his constituents. He still resides on his farm on Heath's Creek, the garden spot of Pettis County. His farm contains four hundred acres, well improved with excellent barn and out buildings, which he still superintends in person. He was married in 1858 to Miss Mary Baker, of Garrard County, Ky. They have six children living, five daughters and one son, Lucretia, John R., Nellie, Allie, Edmonia and Zanie. Mr. Field and his wife are members of the Old School Presbyterian Church. As a public officer Mr. Field has given perfect satisfaction, and being an old resident of Pettis County, it is accorded that he is an excellent man in an excellent place. DR. THOMAS FIELD. Was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1845. His father, Wm. H. Field, was a native of Virginia, and was killed in Pettis County during the war. His mother, Mary, nee Young, was born in Kentucky, and died in Novem- ber, 1880. Dr. Field graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville, in 1868* and at once came to Lafayette County, Mo., where he began the practice of his profession, and also farming. In 1879, when the C. & A. R. R. was built through there, he moved into Alma, and erected the first house; rented his farm and engaged in the drug business, in connection with his practice. Here he remained until June, 1881, when he came to Sedalia, and engaged in the practice of medicine. Dr. Field is the owner of a fine farm of three hundred acres in Pettis County, of well improved land, where he is raising and feeding stock. He was married in September, 1872, to Viola Catron, of Waverly, Mo., daughter of Christopher Catron, one of the early settlers of Lafayette County. They are members of the O. S. Presbyterian Church, and have three daughters, named respectively, Nannie, Edmonia and Ida L. 652 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ADAM FISHER. Is the son of John Fisher, a native of Germany. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Feb. 6, 1847. He received his education in the schools of his native country. In the spring of 1867 Mr. Fisher emigrated to the United States, settling first in St. Louis, where he resided only one year. Then in the spring of 1868 he moved to Sedalia, .where he has since resided. Mr. Fisher was married Sept. 28, 1871, to Miss Vic- toria Landman, a native of Sedalia; from this union there are three children, viz: Augusta S., Peter M. and Julia. Mr. Fisher is one of those genial, whole-souled men of whom everybody'speaks in the highest praise. He has been engaged in business in this city since 1868, and in business has been very successful. ROBERT M. FRAKER. City Recorder. Was born in Clay County, Mo., July 8, 1842. His father, John M. Fraker, who was a native of Pennsylvania, died in Osage County, Mo., in the year 1853. His mother, whose maiden name was Nancy D. Kimzey, was born in Missouri, and died in 1851. Robert M. received his early education at Herman, Mo., having removed thereat the age of four }'ears. Here he received a fair education, after which he engaged in farming and teaching school for several years. In March, 1862, he entered the Federal army as a private, in the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, Co. E. He was afterward promoted to Orderly Sergeant, First and Second Lieutenant and finally to Captaincy of his company. He served as Captain until Sept., 1865, having taken part in the battles of Jackson, Miss., Champion Hills, Big Black and Siege of Vicksburg, and was so fortunate as to come out without a scratch and was never taken prisoner. After the war he located in Stoddard County, Mo., and in 1866 he was elected Circuit Clerk and Recorder of that county. Here he served four years, after which he was elected Sheriff of the county, in which capacity he served two years, giving satisfaction to all parties concerned. Dur- ing Mr . Fraker's administration as County Clerk and Recorder he had, during his leisure time, begun reading law, and serving in a position which afforded him golden opportunities for the same, he was admitted to the bar. During his term of office, after serving the county two years as Sheriff, he took up his profession and practiced for a period of about four years. In 1876 he came to Sedalia and engaged in book-keeping. In 1880 he was elected City Recorder and re-elected in 1881 and 1882, which office he still holds. In July, 1881, Mr. Fraker, in connection with Mr. W. H. Moore, instituted a Business College under the firm name of Moore & Fraker. This institution bids fair to become one of the perma- nent institutions of learning of the city and Central Missouri. Mr. Moore HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 653 gives his personal attention to the college, and being a cultured gentleman, a finished: scholar,, and being so ably assisted as he is by Captain R. M. Fraker, the success of their enterprise is a certainty. Captain Fraker was married, an 1867, to Susan M. Tyson, of Warrensburg, Mo., daughter of Jacob S. Tyson, now of Sedalia. They have four children Emory T., Letta J., Robert A. and Lee Edmonds. He is a member of the Masonic, A. O. U. W. and I. O. G. T. fraternities, and highly re- spected as citizen and officer. FRANK FREDRICK. Of the firm of Kruse & Fredrick, butchers. Mr. Fredrick was born, in 1852, in Frankfort County, Pa. His father, Joseph, was a native of Germany. Mr. Fredrick was reared in Pennsylvania. In 1870 he came to Sedalia and engaged in the butchering business. In October, 1877,, he formed a partnership with Mr. C. Kruse, with whom he has ever since been associated. In 1881 they built the elegant two-story brick, on the corner of Seventh and Ohio streets, where they have their market, a view of which appears in this volume. Mr. Fredrick was married in August, 1880, to Miss Rose Christine, of Sedalia. Messrs. Kruse & Fredrick, have a large butchering house with a capacity of fifty head per day. Over their store they have one of the finest halls in the State. REV. J. B. FULLER. Rev. J. B. Fuller,.the only son of William and Elizabeth Fuller, was born April 15, 1843, on the bleak shore of the German Ocean, in the town of Arbroath r Forfarshire, Scotland. While he was yet a mere infant, his parents removed to the north of England. Surrounded by the beautiful scenery and romantic traditions of the County Palatine of Durham, Mr. Fuller passed those early years which have so much to do in giving tone and color to after life. Quiet, sensitive and studious, his associations were chiefly with books and nature. The removal of the family to the United States breaking up his few cherished friendships, tended to deepen at once his passion for study and a painful shirking from society, which all his subsequent experience of public life has not fully conquered. In finishing his collegiate studies his health was so seriously impaired that change of air and surroundings was advised. Moving once more westward, the family settled in Missouri. Though naturally of a devout disposition, Mr. Fuller had paid little attention to any of the religious societies, least of all the Baptists, but in 1858, during a meeting conducted by Rev. Smith Thomas, of Kentucky, he was converted,, and became, from thorough conviction, a member of the Baptist Church in Lagrange. The church 29 654 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. immediately insisted on his undertaking the work of the ministry. And after due and prayerful preparation, he was ordained, Nov. 25, 1860, and by the unanimous vote of the members, became pastor of the Lagrange Church. Since then he has officiated successfully as pastor of the Bap- tist Churches in Louisiana and Kansas City, Mo., and Burlington, Iowa, and since March, 1880, in this city. Though retiring and reserved in manner, he thoroughly enjoys society. Conservative in theological opinion, holding firmly to the scriptural basis of belief, he at the same time gives candid consideration to the shifting phases of progressive the- ology, and takes a deep interest in all investigations and developments of natural science, feeling assured that all scientific truth, when fully manifest, will be found in perfect accord with revelation. The history and the lit- erature of the nations delight him most— and the study of these has given a certain breadth to his religious view as well as humanitarian grace and sympathy to his presentation of theological dogmas. In Burlington, his former field, he was warmly appreciated as a minister by the cultured of all denominations, and their esteem for his literary character was shown by his continuous appointment during the whole term of his residence, twelve years, as Secretary and Superintendent of the Public Library. GEORGE W. GALBREATH. Is the son of W. T. Galbreath, of Ripley, Ohio, who is one of the leading business men of that city, he being largely identified as a capitalist and property owner. He is also President of the First National Bank of Rip- ley, and a heavy stockholder in that institution. George, as he is famil- iarly called, is perhaps the youngest business man in this city. He was born in Riplev, O., July 31, 1860, and is the fourth child in a family of six children. He received his primary education in the public schools of his native city; completing his literary education at Cincinnati. Then, in May, 18*79, Mr. Galbreath emigrated to Missouri, settling in Sedalia, where he has since resided. He first went into the boot and shoe business with R. L. Lampton, which partnership continued until April, 1882, when Mr. Gal- breath bought out the interest, and has since continued the business in his own name. Mr. G. is a single man, and has before him a brilliant future as a business man. No stranger ever came to the Queen City and estab- lished himself in business and won more personal friends than the subject of this sketch. JOHN B. GALLIE. Lumber merchant. Mr. Gallie was born Feb. 10, 1838, in Scotland. His father, Roderick Gallie, came to America, locating in Cleveland, O., in 1851. His mother, Betsy, nee Robic, is still living in Ohio. John B. remained in Ohio until 1864, when he came to Sedalia, where he assisted HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 655 his brother, Rod. Gallie, in his store until the spring of 1866, when ho was elected Marshal and Collector, serving two terms. In 1873 he served as City Marshal again, for two terms, also as Assessor. He afterwards took charge of the Fire Department, remaining in that six years. In 1877, he bought the lumber yard of Mr. Bloess, and has been constantly in the lumber business since. Mr. Gallie is a Mason; has been Master of the Blue Lodge, and High Priest of the Chapter. He was married, Feb. 22, 1862, to Miss Julia E. Schoffter, a daughter of Charles Schoffter, who started with Napoleon Bonaparte, a drummer-boy, and came back from Waterloo a Colonel, and still preserves his sword and uniform. Mr. and Mrs. Gallie have one child, Lena C, now at Wesleyan College, Cin- cinnati, O. Mr. Gallie's lumber yard is convenient to the railroad, just north of the depot. ROD GALLIE. Grocer and provision dealer. Mr. Gallie was born in Scotland, in 1831, His father, Roderick Gallie, emigrated to Northfield, Ohio, in 1851. Rod Gallie came to Sedalia in 1859, where he has ever since resided. During his first vears here he was engaged in freighting to the west. During the war he engaged in butchering very extensively, and afterwards went into the provision business, which he has ever since continued. He is the owner of several pieces of valuable property in the city. Mr. Gallie is a Knight Templar. He has served as a member of the City Council several years. Was married in 1876 to Ellen Stirlin. They have two children: Rod and Ethel. CHARLES H. GAUSS. Lumber merchant, Sedalia. Was born in St. Charles, Mo., in August, 1845. Eugene Gauss, his father, was a native of Hanover, Germany, who came to America in 1832, and is now a resident of St. Charles, Mo. His mother was a native of Virginia, and is still living in St. Charles. Charles H. was reared in his native town and finished his education at Yale College, in 1866. in the Sheffield Scientific School. After he finished his education he spent some time engineering on what is known as the St Louis, Wabash and Pacific R. R., and afterward he was with his father in the lumber business in St. Charles about five years. In 1872, he came to Sedalia, and here turned his attention to that branch of trade and now commands one of the largest lumber trades in Sedalia. RICHARD T. GENTRY. Was born September 11, 1851, in Pettis County, Mo. He is a son of Major Wm. Gentry, whose biography appears on another page of this work. Mr. Gentry's boyhood was spent on the farm where his father 6*56 t HISTORY OF SEDALIA. still lives, about two miles northwest of Sedalia. He received his educa- tion at Washington University, St. Louis, from which place he graduated in 1871. Upon returning to Sedalia from college, Mr. Gentry was ten- dered a position as book-keeper in the Central Missouri Banking and Sav- ings Association, now the Sedalia Savings Bank. Filling this position in a manner becoming a fine accountant and good business man, the Board of Directors of the Bank afterward offered him the position of teller as a reward for his faithful services. Mr. Gentry was all the time, by close attention to business, and on account of his polite manner as an officer of the bank, winning a host of friends. He soon after was made assistant cashier of the same bank, which position he now holds. Although a young man, he is widely known, and very popular. In 1878, at the ear- nest solicication of the influential Democrats of Pettis County, he permit- ted his name to be presented to the Democratic County Convention as a candidate for Treasurer of Pettis County. He received the nomination, and the same fall Mr. Gentry was elected by a large majority. In 1880 he was a candidate for the same office, was nominated without opposition by the Democratic Convention, and elected by a very handsome majority. He is still filling out his second term. Mr. G. is also engaged in the insurance business with Mr. G. D. Carpenter, the latter gentleman attend- ing to the routine of the business. Mr. Gentry is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was married under very happy auspices in 1878 to Miss Mattie C. Prewitt, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Prewitt, of Clarksville, Mo. The young couple commenced house keeping in Sedalia, shortly after their marriage, but their happiness was to last for only a short time. Mrs. Gentry was stricken by the hand of the fell destroyer. She lingered for some time. She traveled through Texas and Colorado, seeking to regain her lost health. In this she was unsuccessful, and in the fall of 1SS1, she returned to the home of her father in Clarksville. She died on the 22d day of September, 1881. She was a most beauti- ful and accomplished lady, and was admired and esteemed by a large cir- cle of friends. She was a graduate of Christian College, at Columbia, Mo., and was a devout member of the Christian Church. SAMUEL C. GOLD. Lumber merchant. Was born in Tarlton, Pickaway County, O., in 1840. His father, Wm. Gold, was a native of New Orleans, but was reared in Ohio, and is now living in Sedalia. His mother, Hannah Smith, was a native of Pennsylvania, who was reared in Ohio, and died in 1855. Samuel C. entered the Federal Army, Co. C, 13th Ohio Regi- ment Infantry Volunteers, in 1861, where he remained until the battle of Stone River, at which time he, was wounded in the left hip, and was dis- abled to that extent that he was placed in the detached service until 1868, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 657 when he was discharged. He was serving as a Lieutenant at the time he was wounded; and was promoted on the day following to a captaincy. When his regiment was mustered out, he was appointed in the regular army, with a commission signed by Abraham Lincoln, one of the last documents to which his signature was affixed before his death. This commission was a reward for special service and bravery. In 1868 he returned home, and in a short time thereafter came to Sedalia, where he engaged in the lumber business, in connection with Col. Ritter. In 1871 he bought out his partner and continued the business alone for one year. About this time he bought the lots on the corner of Third and Lamine streets, where he opened the lumher yard, which he now runs. Mr. Gold keeps a large assortment of all kinds of building material, such as doors, windows, sash, blinds, etc., etc. He was married in 1867 to Miss Emma E.Lowell, daughter of Dr. Lowell, of- Albany, Ohio. They have five children living, Olive T., Laura L., Florence H., Mabel C, and Fred. S. Mr. Gold is very fond of the chase, spending some of his spare time with his dog and gun. EMMETT A. GOULD. One ot the most popular young men in the Missouri Pacific offices of this citv is the subject of this sketch. He is the son of Sylvester Gould, of Osgood, Ind., and was born in Ohio County, Ind., Nov. 23, 1852, and is the oldest child in a family of seven children. He received his education from the schools of his native State, and after completing his education, Mr. Gould learned telegraphing, and in the spring of 1870, he received an appointment in East St. Louis; here he remained until June, 1871, when he accepted a position in the telegraph offices at Vincennes, Ind.; remaining at Vincennes until the fall of 1871, when he was transferred back to St. Louis, where he remained until March, 1872, and returned to Vincennes, remaining until March, 1873, when he received the appointment of ticket agent at East St. Louis. He* resigned that position in June, 1873, and accepted a position with the Western Union Company in St. Louis. Here he remained until the 1st of August, 1873, when he resigned that position tn accept a position as telegraph operator, in the superintendent's office of the Missouri Pacific R. R. Company at Sedalia. He held that position until April, 1876, when he was promoted to train dispatcher, and from that was pro- moted, in February, 1879, to chief train dispatcher, which position he still holds. He was married June 11, 1881, to Miss Josephine A. Carver, of Crawfordsville, Ind., a most estimable lady. Mr. Gould is not only a whole-souled courteous gentleman, but understands thoroughly the. position he so acceptably fills, and is justly popular among his friends and the rail- road men. 658 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. DENNIS GOLDEN. Alderman Second Ward. Mr. Golden was born in 1833, in County- Kerry, Ireland. His father, Patrick Golden, still lives in the old country, aged eighty-seven years. His mother, Julia, nee Murphy, is still living, aged seventy-five years. Dennis, the subject of this sketch, came to America in 1860, locating in Warren County, O. In 1865 he came to Sedalia, where he worked at the mason's trade. He took an active part in the early building of Sedalia. Since 1870, he has been in the saloon business. In the fall of 1881, he was elected Alderman from the Second Ward. He was married in 1866 to Mary Sullivan, of Sedalia. They have five children living, Josie, Julia A., Dennis, Nora, Charles. One deceased. ALFRED L. GOODWIN. Livery stable. Mr. Goodwin was born in Clermont, County, Ohio, in 1844. His father, Samuel O., was a native of Maine. His mother, Margaret W., nee Day, was a native of Ohio. In 1867 Mr Goodwin came to Sedalia with his father's family. In 1871 he engaged in the restaurant business, which he continued until 1S75. In the spring of 1878, he engaged in livery business. In 1880 he built the Eclipse stables, now owned by R. O. Harris. During the same year he sold out and built the barn on East Main street where he is now in business. He is also exten- sively engaged in dealing in stock. Mr. Goodwin was married Dec. 20, 1871, to Susan L. McVey, a daughter of Absalom McVey. They have four children: Blanche L., Samuel M., Albert, Willie C. J. WEST GOODWIN. J. West Goodwin was born in the town of Brownville, Jefferson County, New York, Oct. 3, 1836. He was named by his parents who were very ardent Methodists, John Wesley, but during his boyhood days he was always known as West Goodwin, hence when he reached manhood he wrote his name as above. The advantages for education of the subject of this sketch were very limited, and when less than fourteen years of age, April 21, 1850, he entered the printing office pf the Democratic Union, pub- lished by Jno. A. Haddock, at Watertown, New York, and commenced to learn the printing business. Four months later Mr. Haddock sold his printing establishment, and young Goodwin returned to the farm where he was raised. In the autumn of 1850, Aaron Goodwin, his father, removed to Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York, where he engaged in the dairy business. In June, 1851, his son, John Wesley, was stricken with rheumatism, which made him an invalid for a number of years. In November, 1854, he again entered a printing office; this time at the vil- lage of Governeur, St. Lawrence County, N. Y. A few months later the HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 659 establishment was moved to Potsdam, in the same county, when it was consolidated with a paper called the Courier, and , published by Capt. Harry C. Fay. Young Goodwin here completed his trade and became a journeyman printer. In 1857 the subject of this sketch left for the West and stopped at Lafayette, Indiana, where he worked on the fournal, first as pressman and subsequently as a compositor. His health failed him. He ceased work at the case and engaged in carrying papers, soliciting, etc. — something that would give him more out-door. work than directly at his trade. In 1858, during the exciting Douglass campaign, Goodwin went to Frankfort, Clinton County, Ind., and conducted a paper in the interest of the Douglass Democracy. After the election he returned to Lafayette and resumed work on the fournal and subsequently on the Argus, a weekly paper of which R. Spicer was editor. In 1859 he went to Mem- phis, Tennessee, and held cases on the Enquirer, a daily paper, and since dead. He remained there only a short time and returned to the North, going to Liberty, Indiana, in the spring of 1860, where he assisted J. D. Mondy to establish a Democratic paper. Three months later he bought out Mr. Mondy and became sole editor and proprietor of the paper, which he conducted through that campaign in the interest of the Democracy and Stephen A. Douglass, who was defeated by A. Lincoln. In 1861, when the war against the North by the South broke upon the people, Goodwin closed his office and enlisted in the 15th Indiana Regiment. He was refused, owing to health and physical inability. Subsequently he enlisted in the 16th Ind. Rtgiment and was refused for the same reason as before by the examining surgeon. He then went to Western Virginia and joined McClellan's army in the quartermaster's department and served in different capacities until 1864, when he enlisted in the 62d Ohio Regiment, having then regained in full his health. He served in the Army of the Potomac until the surrender of Lee, part of the time do- ing duty with his company and subsequently on detached service, in North and South Carolina. The war being over he was mustered out of ser- vice at Richmond, Va., on Nov. 1, 1865, and returned to Indiana. He was married Dec. 20, 1865, to Miss Martha Torrence Hunt, near Rising Sun, Indiana. In 1866 he went to Springfield, Mo., and started the Press, issuing the first number on June 1 of that year. The Press was the first Democratic paper printed south of the Osage River after the war. He published it a few months and disposed of it to Messrs. Wad- dell & Kneeland. In November, 1867, he called Sedalia his home and de- termined to establish a printing office there. In May, 1868, he com- menced with one small press and a few type to work on Main Street in Sedalia, calling his office the Artemus Ward Job Printing House. On June 1, 1869, he issued the first number of an independent Democratic weekly paper named Bazoo. On Sept. 20, the same year, he issued a 660 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. small daily Bazoo, which has rapidly grown since. The Sunday Morning Bazoo was first issued Mar. 23, 1873. JOEL A. G OSS AGE. One of the old, efficient police officers of the city of Sedalia is the sub- ject of this sketch, Joel A. Gossage. He is the son of Joseph Gossage, a native of Tennessee, but who moved to Missouri in the fall of 1869, and settled in the city of Sedalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Campbell County, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1851. He received his education in his native State. He came to Missouri with his father's family in 1869, and was first engaged in the transfer business, which business he followed until the spring of 1878, when he received the appointment of city police, under Mayor George Faulhaber, serving two years under him, and on the election of Dr. Evans, he was reappointed to the same position, and on the election of ex-Mayor Frank Craycroft, was reappointed, and served until the coming in of the present administration, when he was for the fifth time reappointed. Mr. Gossage was married Sept. 8, 1872, to Miss Mary J. Turtle, a native of Tennessee. From this union there are four children, viz. : James, Joseph, Thomas and Mary J. It can be truthfully said of Mr. Gossage that he has been one of the most faithful and efficient officers this city has ever had. DR. JOSEPH P. GRAY. Dental surgeon. Dr. Gray was born in Pettis County, Mo., in 1855. His father, Sidney C. Gray, was also a native of Howard County, Mo., where his father settled, and established the first ferry. Dr. Gray took up the study of dentistry in 1872, in Nevada, Mo., under Dr. L. O. Ellis, and afterwards took a course in the Missouri Dental College at St. Louis He began practice at Clinton, Mo., where he remained until 1880, when he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Gray is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1880 to Miss Cora Gath. They have one child. CHARLES O. GREEN. Of the firm of Norton & Green, grocers and provision dealers. Mr. Green was born in 1854, in Marietta County, O. His father, Charles W., was a native of the same place. His mother, Susan, nee Park, was a native of New York. Charles O. lived in Ohio until 1871, when he came to Sedalia. In 1873, he began clerking for the Sedalia Co-operative Store, where he continued until 1878, when he and his partner, Mr. Nor- ton, bought the store, and since that time has been constantly in business at the old stand. He was married, Dec. 24, 1881, to Emma E. Bray, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 661 daughter of Judge Wm. Bray, of this city. He and his wife are mem- bers of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM HAIN. Grocer, of the firm of E. L. Phipps & Co. Mr. Haiti was born in 'Cooper County, Mo., in 1844. His father, George Hain, was a native of Switzerland, who settled in Cooper County in 183'2, and died in 1877. William Hain was raised and educated in Cooper County. In 1861 he enlisted in CQ m P an y A, Fifth Missouri State Malitia, and served until the close of the war. He took part in the battles of Boonville, Springfield and Pea Ridge, where he was slightly wounded. In 1865, he went to Colorado, where he was Chief Clerk in the Quartermaster's Department for one year, after which he spent one year in Montana. Later, he settled in Nebraska, and sold goods until the fall of 1876, when he returned to Boonville and sold goods until the fall of 1881, when he came to Sedalia, and bought an interest in the house where he is now in business. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the A. O. U. W. He was married in 1871, to Sophia R. Vallrath, of Boonville, a daughter of George Vallrath, one of the early settlers of that place. They have two children, William F. and Rose E. JOSEPH W. HAINES. He is a native of New Hampshire, born in Rockingham County, N. H., Dec. 10, 1825, son of Daniel Haines. He received his education in the schools of his native State, beginning his apprenticeship in the machine shops at the age of seventeen, working" in the Amoskeg locomotive works, in New Hampshire. After completing his apprenticeship, he worked in the shops at Lowell and Boston.* In the fall of 1855, Mr. Haines moved to Chicago, and accepted a position in the Chicago and Alton shops, as a mechanic, where he remained three years. He then accepted a position in the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad shops, where he worked as mechanic and as foreman for sixteen' years. In September, 1875, he removed to Sedalia, and accepted a position as fore- man in the shops of the M., K. & T. R. R., which position he held till the M. P. R. R. Co. leased the M., K. & T. R. R., then he was promoted to master mechanic, which position he still holds. Mr. Haines was married Nov. 5, 1853, to Miss Phoebe A. Rowell, of New Hampshire, and, from this union they have five children, all of whom are now living, Emma, Ralph W., Nellie J., Hettie H. and Josie D. Mr. Haines is a workman of acknowledged ability, faithful to his trusts, and popular with those whom he superintends. 662 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. DR. ROSCOE L. HALE. Was born in 1830, in Brandon, Vermont. Dr. Luke Hale, his father, was one of the first settlers and physicians in Northern Illinois, who prac- ticed medicine about fifty-five years, and died in 1864, in Morris, 111. His mother, Sarah A., nee Clifford, was born in Vermont, and died in Illinois, in 1873. Dr. R. L. Hale was principally reared in Illinois, and was educated at the schools of Morris, 111., and Oberlin, Ohio. He afterward took up the study of medicine, graduating from Rush Medical College, at Chicago, in 1853. He began the practice of medicine in Morris, 111., and continued until 1872, doing most of the surgery there. In 1872 he came to Sedalia, and bought an interest in the drug store of J. H. Mertz, where he has since been in business, having retired from active practice. He is also interested to a considerable extent in real estate, in and around Sedalia, having recently bought forty-four acres in East Sedalia, which will be known as Hale & Tegler's Addition. Dr. Hale was married in May, 1856, to Sarah C. Clifford, of Chicago, a daughter of Samuel Clif- ford, of that city. They have two children, Anna Cora, wife of Frank Trumbull, of St. Louis, and Florence M., at home. Dr. Hale manu- factures all kinds of perfumeries, which are regarded as the very best in the west, and are in great demand. JOHN L. HALL. Of the firm of Hall & Beiler, wholesale grocers. Among the prominent wholesale grocers of Sedalia, stands Jno. L. Hall. He was born in Knox- ville, Tenn., in 1827. His paternal ancestors were natives of the same State; his father, Hugh Hall, was born in Knoxville, now deceased, and his mother's maiden name was Looney. She was born in 1807. Jno. L., the subject of this sketch, came to St. Clair County, Mo., with his father's family, in 1840, where he spent his boyhood, and after attaining manhood he engaged in the mercantile business in various places. In 1863 he came to Sedalia, having been interested in a business house here for two years previous to that time. After he came to this city he engaged in general merchandizing, and for several years continued in this line with the house of Cloney, Crawford & Co. In 1868 he went into the' grocery business with Mr. Beiler, his present partner, and has continued in that line ever since. After a few years they turned their exclusive attention to the jobbing trade, and by perseverance have built up a trade which will compare with houses in much more pretentious cities, Mr. Hall was married in 1851 to Miss Kittie Wells, of Polk County, Mo., a native of Kentucky. They have five children living, Etta, now the wife of J. J. Fry, superintendent of Iron Mountain Railroad; Christopher C, of Kroft, Holmes & Co., wholesale grocers, St. Louis; Belle, McCord and Ella. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 663 Mr. Hall's wife died, Dec. 27, 1871, and in October, 1873, he married Julia C. Chappelier, of Platte County, Mo. They have one child, Jno. C. ROBERT O. HARRIS. Livery and sales' stables. Mr. Harris was born in 1843, in Mississippi. His father was Overton Harris. His mother was a Miss Cole. Robert O. was reared in his native State, where he resided until coming west in 1878. In his early life he was engaged in merchandising. In 1878 he went to Atchison, Kan., where he dealt in real estate until 1881, when he came to Sedalia and bought the livery and feed stable which he now owns. He has a large and complete stock of horses and carriages, which are among the finest in Central Missouri. He was married, Aug. 12, 1868, to Miss Mary B. Crawford. They have two children, Ida R. and Overton C. OVERTON M. HARRIS. Retired farmer. Mr. Harris was born in Boone County, Mo., in 1829. His father, Overton Harris, was a native of Kentucky, who located in Boone County, Mo., in 1S17, and was the first Sheriff of that county, and then Judge of the County Court until his death in 1844. His mother, Mary, nee Woods, was also a native of Kentucky. O. M., the subject of this sketch, has been a farmer all his life, although he has, at times, been in the mercantile business also. He deals extensively in stock, which he feeds on his farm, west of Sedalia. This is one of the very finest farms in Central Missouri, containing over 800 acres in high state of cultivation. During the late war he was a Government contractor, and furnished large numbers of mules to the Government. He was married, in 1863, to Manda Wood, a daughter of Clifton Wood, one of the early settlers of the county. They have nine children, all living. MORRIS HARTER. A miller. Mr. Harter was born, in 1842, in Darke County, O. His father, John M. Harter, was a native of Ohio, as was also his mother, Sarah, nee Eakins. Morris, the subject of this sketch, went to Indiana at the age of fourteen years, where he lived on a farm until 1861, when he enlisted in the Federal Army, in Company H., Third Indiana Cavalry, and served three years, taking part in many of the prominent battles of the war, being once severely wounded in the thigh, from which he has ever since suffered. After the war he went to Clay County, 111., where he was in the saw mill business until 1867, when he came to Benton County, Mo., and was again in the lumber business. In 1868 he built a flouring mill in Henry County, where he remained until 1876, when he came to Sedalia and bought an interest in the " Farmers' Mills," of this city, where we 664 HISTORY OF SEDAI.IA. now find him. Mr. Harter has served on the City Board of Aldermen. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Emma Bass. They have two children, Mariam and Arthur C. • ALFORD W.. HAWKS. . Grain and feed dealer, No. 12 Third street, Sedalia, Mo. Mr. Hawks was bora in 1840, in North Bennington, Vt. His father, William E., was one of the oldest merchants and most exemplary men in all that country, where he still resides. Mr. Hawks is a grandson of Major Hawks> of Revolutionary War fame. His mother, Eliza H., nee Colvin, is still liv- ing. A. W. Hawks, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt. In 1862, he went to Adrian, Mich., where he was in the hardware business about two years. In 1870, he located in« Sedalia, and was in the employ of the M., K. & T. R. R., about four years. Mr. Hawks was one of the first agents on the road, selling the first tickets from Parsons, Kan., to New York and Boston; was on the first stock train out of the Indian Nation, and opened the first car account- ants' books. In 1874, he returned to his old home, and was in business there until 1878, when he returned to Sedalia and engaged in the grain and feed business, which he still continues. -He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He .and his wife are members of the First Baptist Church, of this city. His wife was Mary A. Huntington, of Troy, N. Y. They have one child, Susie E. Mr. Hawks is a genial, social gentleman, a promi- nent member of the church, and a valuable factor in society. GEORGE HEARD. This respected and esteemed pioneer citizen of Pettis County, now of Sedalia, was born near Lancaster, Garrard County, Ky., June 22, 1809. His father, John Heard, died when George was quite a small boy, leaving a wife and seven children to cope with the stern realities of the world. Mrs. John Heard, nee Miss Jane Stevenson, was of the noted pioneer fam- ilies of Kentucky. She had previously been married to Mr. Wolfskill, and left a widow with one child, Wm. J. Wolfskill, who resided in Saline County till his death. George Heard came to Missouri in 1817, with his mother, and settled, first in Saline County, and after two years removed to a place near Fayette, Howard County, where he grew to manhood, and was licensed to practice law, after which he went to Paris, Monroe County, where, through the influence of Gov. Reynolds, he was induced to go south of the Missouri River, settling at Pin Hook, in the summer and following autumn of 1835 ; built the first house in Georgetown, Pettis County, where he was long identified with the interests of her citizens, who had great confidence in him as a gentleman and a Christian. Here he taught the first school of the county, and many of the citizens yet live HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 665 to point with pride to the pioneer teacher of Pettis County. His first partner in law was Hon. John F. Philips, who has since been a member of Congress. In 1857, Mr. Heard retired to his farm, one mile north of Sedalia, riding to his law office, a distance of about five miles, till in 1865, when the county seat was moved from Georgetown to Sedalia, where he located. Here he took Judge Foster P. Wright in his office as law part- ner. When he retired from the practice, his sons, John T. and George C, took charge of the office, and are two prospering attorneys. Mr. George Heard was married to his first wife, whose maiden name was Amanda Gray, in September, 1830. She was the daughter of Mr. John Gray. From this union seven children, two girls and five boys, grew to maturity. Sarah E. J. married John W. Houx; Louvenia B. married E. J. Dillon. The boys are, Jesse F., Alcibiades, John T., Newton S., and George C. John T. was elected to represent the county in the 27th Missouri Assem- bly, and is now State Senator from his district, and stands high as a gen- tleman of honor and integrity among his constituents. Mr. Heard, the subject, lost his wife February, 1872, after which he married Miss Mollie Gilpin, in 1874. an intelligent and respectable lady of Maysville, Ky., who has served in the honorable capacity of teacher for nearly twelve years. Mr. Heard was at one time public administrator of his county; besides this he has filled no office of note, and has had no desire for office, believ- ing that his chosen profession, the law, well followed, was worthy of his entire time and attention. Mr. George Heard and his estimable lady live near Sedalia. • Having a complete and elegant library, they read and keep up with the times, enjoying life in its most happy conjugal and intellectual requirements. They are both members of the Christian Church and are among its liberal contributors. GEORGE C. HEARD. Attorney at law. Was born, Nov. 23, 1848, in Pettis County, Mo., and is the son of George Heard, one of the early settlers of this county, whose biography precedes this. George C, the subject of this sketch, was- educated at Westminister College, at Fulton, Mo., and at Ann Arbor T Michigan. He attended law school at Lebanon, Tenn. In 1873, he was admitted to the bar, and has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession. He has served as City Attorney of Sedalia. In 1880 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, for Pettis County, which office he now holds. He was married in 1874 to Miss Anna Leet, daughter of Judge. Leet, now of Denver, Colorado. They have two children, Florence M. and Anna C. Mr. and Mrs. Heard are members of the Old School Pres- byterian Church. Mr. Heard, although a young man, is regarded as being one of the foremost men in his profession in the citys He is an easy and fluent speaker, and his words are always to the point. He is a close 066 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. student, and his papers show not only fine legal training, ,but have the scholarly and classic finish that results only from a wide range of reading, and an intimate acquaintance with the masters of English composition. But aside from his acquired accomplishments, he is a man of force and originality of character, and with a presence and manner of mingled suavity that bespeak always and under all circumstances the natural and accomplished gentleman. DR. ASA. H. HEATON. Was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His parental ancestors were also natives of that State, and are now living in Sedalia. Dr. Heaton was educated in Indianapolis, and in 1876 he began the study of medicine, taking a course of lectures at Chicago, Cincinnati and Indianapolis, graduating from the latter in 1881. In the latter part of the same year he came to Sedalia, where he has begun his practice. Dr. Heaton is a close student and a young man of ability, and we bespeak for him a fair share of the patronage of the public in general. C. H. HEYNEN. Of Clay & Heynen, Sedalia Marble Works. Was born in Allegheny County, Pa., in 1853. His father, John Heynen, was a native of Prussia, who came to America in 1843, and died in Johnson County, Mo., in 1880. His mother, whose maiden name was Jane Daily, was born in Dublin Ireland, and is still a resident of Johnson County. C. H., the subject of this sketch, was principally reared in Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1870 came west, locating in Kansas City, Mo., where he was employed in a marble establishment of that city, and where he learned the trade. He remained in Kansas City about three years, and afterward traveled over the greater part of the State looking for a location, and finally settled in Sedalia, in 1876 in the employ of C. C. Clay, at that time sole proprietor of the Sedalia Marble Works. Mr. Heynen remained in this position until 1881, at which time he took a partnership interest in the business. This house is the most extensive marble house in Central Missouri, and having a large supply of American and foreign marble and granite, they are prepared to do work that will compare favorably with any establishment in Missouri. Mr. Heynen was married in 1878 to Miss Lola Cahill, daughter of W. T. Cahill, of Sedalia. They have one child named Elbe, and one deceased. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. GILBERT HICKEY. Grocer. Mr. Hickey was born in 1846, in western Canada. Hisfather, Edward, was a native of Ireland. His mother, Maria, nee Sharp, a native of Canada. Gilbert, the subject of this sketch, went to California in 1870, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 667 where he engaged in the carriage business until 1873, when he went to Utah and remained one year; thence to Iowa, and back to Colorado. In 1878 he came to Sedalia and worked at his trade until 1882, when he bought an interest in the grocery store on East Fifth street, where he is now in business. He is a member of the K. of P., No. 52. He was mar- ried in 1880 to Minnie Myers, of Pettis County. They have one child, Alnilda. Mr. Hickey now ha? charge of the circulation of the Daily Bazoo, and is rapidly increasing its circulation. SAMUEL L. HIGHLEYMAN. The subject of this sketch was born in Belmont County, Ohio, June 20th, 1844. His father, James W. Highleyman, was born near Harper's Ferry. His mother's maiden name was Penelope Riley; a native of Ohio. His father emigrated to Ohio when about six years old, and settled in Bel- mont County, where Samuel L. received his primary education. He com- pleted his education at the Allegheny College, in Meadville, Pa. In the fall of 1865 he came to Sedalia, and accepted a deputy clerkship in the County Clerk's office, where he remained until 1870; then received the appointment of Revenue Collector. In 1873 he accepted the position of Tax Commissioner and Claim Agent of the M., K. & T. Railway, which he retained until the consolidation of the Mo. Pacific and M., K. & T. Rail- ways in 1880. He was then appointed Tax Commissioner of the consoli- dated companies, which position he now occupies. "On the 10th day of November, 1868, Mr. Highleyman was married to Miss Laura A. Hull, daughter of Dr. A. Y. Hull, formerly editor of the Sedalia Democrat, Sup- erintendent of Public Instruction of Pueblo, Col. By this union they have two children, Lock T. and Wilbur D. Mr. Highleyman is a gentleman of fine native ability, genial and kind in his intercourse with all. ■ His do- mestic relations are of the most happy character; his wife is a lady of refinement, adorning the home with a true womanhood, and presiding over the household with that quiet dignity of manner which gives an indefin- able charm to the home circle. RICHARD R. HIGHLEYMAN. Chief Clerk Sedalia Post Office. Mr. Highleyman was born in Belmont County, O. His father, James W., was a native of Virginia. His mother Penelope, nee Riley, was a native of Ohio. Richard R. was educated at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania. In 1861 he was licensed to preach the Gospel in the M. E. Church. Admitted to the West Virginia Con- ference in 1867. In 1872 and until 1876 preached in the bounds of the Pittsburg Conference. In 1877 came to Sedalia, and was engaged in the M., K. & T. R. R. shops until the spring of 1882, when he was appointed Chief Clerk of the Sedalia Post Office, which position he now fills. He is 668 HISTQRY OF SEDALIA. a member of Sedalia Lodge, A. F. & A. M. He was married in 1861 to Margaret Brady. They have five children, Mary E., James W., Maggie M., Richard R., Jr., Day D., and two deceased. HENRY D. HILL. Was born in 1824, in Fairfax County, Va. His father, Lawrence Hill, and his mother, Jane, nee Perry, were .both natives of Virginia. Henry D. first engaged in business in company with his father in the flouring busi- ness. Afterwards was in business in Troy and Albany, N. Y. In 1857 he came came to Georgetown, Pettis County, Mo., and engaged in busi- ness until 1863. Since that time he has been engaged in book keeping. At one time he owned valuable property in Sedalia. He was married in 1841 to Louise F.* Johnson, by whom he had one child, now deceased. His wife died in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1849. He was was married in 1851 to Mary M. Bacon. She died October 1, 1867. WILLIAM B. HIGGINS. Is the son of Peter Higgins, a native of Kentucky, but who moved his family to Missouri in the year 1835, and settled on a small creek, known as Spring Fork, in the southern part of Pettis County. Here he lived until his death, which occurred in the year 1864. Wm. B. was born in Pettis County, Mo., May 20, 1837, and is the fourth child in a family of seven children. He 'received his education from the schools of his native county, attending the first school that was organized in this part of the ■ country. He was married Dec. 18, 1857, to Miss Malinda C. Warren, a daughter of Erbin Warren, a native of Kentucky, but who moved to Pet- tis County at an early day. From this marriage there were four chil- dren, three of whom are now living, viz: Erbin P., Bettie A., and Wm. I. Mrs. Higgins dying, he was again married August, 1877, to Mrs. Sarah J. Schull. Since Mr. Higgins has been a man grown, he has been engaged in farming, and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 195 acres, well improved, and under a high state of cultivation. As a citizen Mr. Higgins is held in high respect. His demeanor is unassuming, and in business relations he is above reproach. CONRAD HILDEBRAND. Was born in 1840 in Germany. In 1867 he emigrated to America, locating in Portsmouth, Ohio, where he engaged in the butchering busi- ness until 1877, when he came to Sedalia, where he at once opened a shop, and has ever since followed the same occupation. He has now three shops running, and butchers from 80 • to 100 head of cattle per month. He is a member of the D. O. H. He and his wife are members of the German Lutheran Church. He was married in 1873 to Mary HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 669 4 Emerick, of Pike County, Ohio. They have three children, John, Jacob and Katie. IRA HINSDALE. The subject of this sketch was born in Syracuse, N. Y., June 18, lbi-i, and is the son of Ira, Sr., and Mary Hinsdale. Mr. Hinsdale came to Pettis County in 1869, and first engaged in farming. He then came to Sedalia and run the Missouri House, in 1870-71, until it burned. In the fall of 1871 he engaged in the transfer business, in which he is at present engaged, having a larger number of men 1 and teams employed than any firm in the city, and also engages extensively in the ice business, being connected with Henry Schaffer in the latter. In 1880-81 he erected his fine residence on Broadway, between Missouri and Harrison avenues. He engages in the anthracite coal and wood business, and is agent for the Consolidated Tank Line Company's coal oil. He is also engaged with John W. Mene- fee, in.buving and shipping mules and horses to market, at which he and his partner do an extensive business. CHARLES HOFFMAN. Of the firm of Charles Hoffman & Bro., grocers, East Fifth street. Mr. Hoffman was born in 1850, in Gasconade County, Mo. His father, Rev. Andrew Hoffman, was a native of Germany, now Pastor of the Baptist Church in Gasconade County, Mo. His mother, Minnie, nee Holzkaem- per, was also a native of Germany. Charles was educated at Central ' Wesleyan College, at Warrenton, Mo., after which he engaged in school teaching for ten years. He also served his county as Public Adminis- trator, four years, and as Justice of the Peace, four years. In the spring of 1881 he came to Sedalia, and, in connection with his brother, Lewis, who is an attorney at law, at Hermon, Mo., opened the store where he is now in business. In 1874, he married Miss Mary Miller, of Bay, Mo., a daughter of William Miller. They have two children living, and one deceased. JNO. H. HOGUE. Vice-President Citizens National Bank. Was born in Mercer County, Ky., in 1831. His father and mother, Samuel Hogue and Permelia, nee Trower, being natives of the same State. Jno. H., the subject of this sketch, learned the drug business in his early life, and in 1855, went to St. Louis, and engaged in book-keeping. In 1860, he moved to Pettis County, locating in Georgetown, and engaged in the drug business. In 1863, on account of the war, he closed his business, and accepted a clerk- ship in the interest of the Atlantic & Mississippi Steamship Company. In 1867 he came to Sedalia, and again engaged in the drug business, which 30 I 670 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. he continued for about five years. In 1873 he sold out his drug store and started in the wholesale grocery business, in which he has continued to the present time. In 1877, when the Sedalia Democrat Company was organ- ized, he was chosen President of the organization, which position he still retains. In Jan., 1880, he was elected ' Vice-president of the Citizens National Bank, a position he still occupies. Mr. Hogue has been identi- fied with the business interests of Sedalia in no small degree, and enjoys the confidence and respect of all with whom he comes in -contact. DAVID I. HOLCOMB. Was born in Mercer County, Pa., Nov. 13, 1845. Webster Holcomb, his father, was a native of Connecticut, and is now a resident of Trumbull County, O. His mother, Harriet A., nee Deutcher, who is still living, was born in Ohio. David I. was reared and educated in Trumbull County, O., and in 1861 enlisted in Company A., Forty-First Ohio Regi- ment Volunteer Infantry. He served until the close of the war in the Western Department, and took part in all its battles and sieges, and escaped without any severe injuries, although he received some slight reminders. In 1866 he accepted a position as traveling salesman for a queensware house in Cleveland O., where he remained until the fall of 1867, when he went to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he opened a store and continued in business until 1879. From thence he came to Sedalia, and opened one of the largest queensware houses in Central Missouri. In May, 1881, he was elected Alderman of the First Ward in Sedalia. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Holcomb was married, on the 1st day of January, 1868, to Miss Almira B. Ingraham, of Trumbull County O., daughter of Willis Ingraham, of that county. They have one child, Fred. W. The establishment which Mr. Holcomb now owns is an ornament not only to Sedalia, but is an enterprise of which any city in the State might well feel proud. This house of merchandise was opened, in 1875, by John A. Mohlenhoff, of Cincinnati. In 1879 Mr. Holcomb pur- chased the store, and has since continued the business alone. This is the only store in Sedalia which deals exclusively in queensware, and is the largest in the State outside of St. Louis and Kansas City. He does both a wholesale and retail trade, and carries an. enormous stock of goods in his line. Mr. Holcomb imports his earthenware direct from England. He has just completed a large three-story brick building, on Second street, where he has one of the finest arranged rooms in the city, using the entire building for his business. A cut of this house appears on page 533. JOHN W. HOUX. Of the firm of Bixby & Houx, hardware merchants. Mr. Houx was born May 13, 1831, in Boonville, Mo. His father, Frederick Houx, was HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 671 a native of Maryland. His mother, Margaret, nee Sears, was also a native of Maryland. John W., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Boonville. He learned the tinning business in his youth, and in 1856, engaged in the business in company with Mr. Bixby, his present partner, with whom he has been ever since. Their business career is given in connection with Mr. Bixby's biography. Mr. Houx was mar- ried in 1852, to Miss M. Anderson, of Boonville, Mo. She died in 1855. He was married again in 1856, to Sarah Heard, ot Pettis County. They have four children, Edward H., Frederick L., Nora, and Vest. Mr. Houx has been for many years a member of the Masonic fraternity. B. L. HULL. Of the firm of B. L. Hull & Co., grocers. Was born in 1855, in Osage County, Mo. His father, Jacob Hull, was a native of Missouri, now liv- ing in Texas. His mother, Francis C, was also a native of Missouri. B. L., the subject of this sketch, began the mercantile business at his old home, but in 1882, came to Sedalia, when he and his partner, F. E. McKnight, opened the store in East Sedalia, where they are now in business. F. E. McKnight was also born in Osage County, Mo. His father was James G., a native of Illinois. His mother was Paulina, nee Laughlin. F. E. was educated at Westminister College, Fulton. In 1875, he engaged in general mercantile business, which he followed about four years, afterwards dealing in grain for some time. In the spring of 1882 he came to Sedalia, and opened the store where they are now doing a good business. In 1880, he married Mary R. Hull. WM. F. ILGENFRITZ. Was born in York, Pa., in 1822. His father, Jacob, was a native of Pennsylvania. His ancestors were from Germany.. In 1834, William, with the family, moved to Ohio. He learned the harness and saddlery business in his youth, and was engaged in that calling about thirty years, at Wooster, Ohio. In 1850, he married Malinda Duffield, of Wooster. They have three children living: William D., boot and shoe merchant, Sedalia; Clarence E., hardware merchant, Sedalia; Lindel, merchant, Denver, Col. In 1865, Mr. Ilgenfritz moved to Sedalia, Mo., ■bought property upon Ohio street, upon which he built, and which has since become very valuable, being in the heart of the city, although at that time it was wild prairie. He built the first hall erected in this city for theatrical purposes. In - 1870, he started the Ilgen House, which he operated several years. In the spring of 1879, he went to Colorado, and has ever since been largely interested in mining, being President of sev- eral mining companies. He has served as a member of the City Council, and is held in high esteem by the citizens of Sedalia. 672 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. CLARENCE E. ILGENFRITZ. Hardware merchant. Mr. Ilgenfritz is a native -of Missouri, and a son of Wm. F. -Ilgenfritz, of whom we speak elsewhere. Clarence E. was educated in Sedalia, and at Washington University, St. Louis, graduating from the latter place in 1873, after which he entered the employ of the Simons Hardware Company, remaining three years. From there he went to Colorado, where he was in the hardware business until 1881, when he returned to Sedalia, and took charge of his father's business, and has also engaged in the hardware trade, having one of the largest and most complete stocks of goods to be found in Sedalia, doing both a retail and wholesale business. WILLIAM D. ILGENFRITZ. Dealer in boots, shoes, hats and caps, No. 205, Ohio St., Sedalia, Mo. This enterprising young business man commenced at his present stand in November, 1881, and although recently established, his trade has become large and is steadily increasing. Being well and favorably known in the city from his long residence here, and having constantly on hand a stock of first quality goods his future success is assured. He was born near Wooster, Ohio, Jan. 19, 1851, in which State he resided for fourteen years. His father, Wm. F. Ilgenfritz, is a native of Pennsylvania, having removed to Ohio when a young man. The father of our subject was engaged in the saddlery and harness business, and afterwards in farming till 1864. In the spring of 1865 the family removed to Sedalia, where they - have since resided, first conducting a bakery, then proprietor of the Ilgen Hotel, which has enjoyed such popularity. W. D. obtained a good education, attending the common schools, and also the State University at Columbia. He was married in December, 1881, to Miss Belle McNair, of St. Louis, daughter of C. A. McNair, at present connected with the Missouri Furnace Co. At the April election, in the city of Sedalia, 1882, Mr. Ilgenfritz was elected on the Republican ticket as Alderman of the First Ward, and is now worthily serving in that capacity. BENTON HOWARD INGRAM. Circuit Clerk of Pettis County. Was born in Green County, Mo., Nov. 24, 1838, and is the son of Martin and Anna A. Ingram. Martin was a native of North Carolina, born in August, 1803, and is the son of Archibald Ingram, of English descent, who died in North Carolina, in 1858. Martin died in Green County, Mo., June 1, 1881. Anna A. Ingram was born in November, 1804, in North Carolina, and is now living with her youngest son, Martin V., in Green County, Mo. Benton H. is the sixth child of a family of eight, all of whom are yet living. They are Mrs. HISTORV OF SEDALIA. 673 Mary J. McCracken, Archibald F., now Treasurer of Green County, Mo., Sidney N., John B., Thomas J., Benton H., Martin V. and Virginia A., now wife of John L. McCraw, o1 Green County, Mo. Benton H. received a common school education. He commenced business in 1862, opening a drug store with Dr. E. T. Robberson, in Springfield, Mo., but sold out in eighteen months, and soon thereafter came to Sedalia, and in 1864 opened a general country store with S. S. Vinton, and continued in this business until 1871, when he lost his entire stock by fire. He then engaged in the fire and life insurance business. In the fall of 1872 he was elected Collector of Pettis County, and held the office one term. In 1879 he was appointed Circuit Clerk of Pettis County, by Governor John S. Phelps, and at the expiration of the term was elected by the people to the office. He is now, Juby, 1882, renominated for the same office for the coming term, by the Democratic party. Sept. 12, 1865, he was married to Maria Grimshaw, daughter of Jonathan and Eliza M. Grimshaw, at Jefferson City. His wife, Maria, was born in the city of Leeds, England, Jan. 25, 1847. Her father was born in Yeaden, near Leeds, Jan. 21, 1818, and her mother in the city of Leeds, May 2, 1818. They came to America in 1851, and located in Jefferson City, where Mr. Grimshaw resides at present. Mrs. Maria Ingram has two brothers and four sisters living, viz: Elizabeth, wife of Ex-Mayor Geo. L. Faulhaber, of this city; Emma, wife of Lewis Miller, of Peoria, 111. ; Arthur P., Jefferson City, Mo.; Fannie, wife of Charles N. Seipe, of Kansas; Jonathan T., of Lead- ville, Colorado, and Sallie N., wife of Herman J. Rodman, of Atchison, Kansas. Mr. Ingram and wife have five children, Nellie A., Martin G., Charles H., Juliette B. and Bessie H. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, at present holding the office of District Deputy Grand Master. He has always had the interests of Sedalia in mind, and was one of the members of the committee which was appointed to consult in regard to the feasibility of construction of the Water Works. In his offi- cial capacity he has discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Politically, he is a firm and consistant Democrat. His present position in society and in the confidence of the people is due to his own energy and perseverance, and among the young men of the great West who have carved a name by their own industry, he stands in the front rank. ADAM ITTEL. Cashier Citizens National Bank, Sedalia. Was born in Erie County, N. Y., January, 1840. At the age of nineteen he went to Memphis, Tenn., where he was employed as book-keeper and clerk for a mercan- tile firm of that city. He remained in Memphis about two years, after which he served in the Confederate army for about one year. After the 674 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. surrender of Memphis he came to Sedalia, in July, 1862; where he has since remained. He began in Sedalia as clerk and served in that capacity and as book-keeper in various houses until" 1868, when the Central Mis- souri Banking and Savings Association was organized, and now known as Sedalia Savings Bank, at which time he was chosen book-keeper and teller. In 1870 he was chosen cashier; where he remained until 1872, when the Citizens National Bank was organized with Adam Ittel cash- ier, where he has since remained. Mr. Ittel has been married twice. His first wife, Ella M. Haskins, of Cleveland, Ohio, and by whom he had three children, named respectively, Daisy H., Charlie, and one deceased, was a lady of rare accomplishments. She died in 1875 at Cleveland, Ohio, and is buried at Lake View. He was again married in 1878 to Miss Glorvina Beaty, of Boonville, Cooper County, Mo., and by her he has one child, Willie. Mr. Ittel began life a poor boy, but being pos- sessed of a "will" he sought the "way" and found the old adage true. Holding one of the highest positions in Pettis County, respected for his sterling worth and business qualities, he well deserves the honor which has been bestowed upon him. During his career in Pettis County Mr. Ittel has not escaped the toils of public office. In 1872 he was called upon to officiate as County Treasurer, being elected to that office by a large majority of the votes polled at that election, and- was re-elected in 1874. He was the first I. O. O. F. initiated in Sedalia who is now a resi- dent of this count}*-. He is also a devout member of the Old School Pres- byterian Church of Sedalia. CLIFFORD L.JACKSON. Attorney at law, Sedalia. Was born Nov. 25, 1857, and is a native of Louisiana. His father's name was George, a native of England, born in 1817. He came to this country in 1826 and stopped a few years in Penn- sylvania, but seeing a better prospect for a young man further South em- igrated to Thibodeaux, Louisiana, where he remained until 1869, amass- ing a fortune, but lost a considerable portion of it in the war. Clifford's mother was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Harrisburgh in 1828. His parents were married in 1846. In 1869 he came with his parents to Pet- tis County, Mo., and settled on the farm where they now reside. In 1876 he left the farm and attended private a school for two yeais, after which he entered the law office of his brother, Geo. P. B. Jackson, in Se- dalia, and commenced the study of law. In September, 1879, he was ap- pointed Deputy Circuit Clerk of Pettis County, and on Sept. 7, 1880, was admitted to the bar by Judge William T. Wood. Jan. 1st, 1881, he was re-appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk, and after serving one year he resigned and began the practice of his profession. Mr. Jackson is a young man of quick perception, a ready speaker and a rapid thinker. Though but HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 675 twenty-five years of age he already stands high in his profession. A close student, attending faithfully to his clients' business intrusted to his care, he still finds time to pursue a literary line of reading, keeping fully abreast with this rapid age of thinkers. Brought up in the Episcopal Church he leans slightly to that denomination, but is not connected with it. Belonging to no particular denomination, his views are broad and liberal, devoid of prejudice characteristic of those who zealously advocate special dogmas. His temperament is genial and social; his conversation spirited and enter- taining; his address pleasant and attractive. Still young, he has already achieved a large measure of success and is destined, if spared to the future, to stand second to none in his influence on the society in which he moves. GEORGE P. B. JACKSON. Attorney at law. Mr. Jackson was born Nov. 28, 1846. In 1868 he came to Pettis County, Mo.; he was educated in Ohio; he attended law school at the State University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He was admitted to the bar in 1866, in New Orleans, and practiced at Thibodeaux, Louisiana, until 1868, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. His health being poor, he remained on a farm until 1873, when he again took up the practice of law. In 1876 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of this county. He was re-elected in 1878. In 1879 he formed a partnership with Col. Philips and has since been associated with him. Mr. Jackson was married in 1877 to Miss Mollie Vest, daughter of Hon. G. G. Vest, of Sedalia. They have one child, George V. COL. A. D. JAYNES. Was born in Lawrence County, O., Nov. 26, 1829. His ancestors were from Virginia, and participated in many of the important affairs of that State. His father removed to Ohio, where he became largely interested in the iron business, and the youthful Jaynes, though enjoying but limited opportunities for an education, improved rapidly, and became an elegant penman, and expert in arithmetic and accounts. From the age of fourteen to that of twenty-one he received a most careful business training with his father, and then became interested in the mercantile business with C. & W. H. Kelley. In 1853 he became connected with the Vinton- Iron Furnace, Vinton County, O., and continued with this corporation until 1864, having an interest in the management a considerable portion of that time. To more effectually complete the military organization of the State, in 1861, the Governor of Ohio requested A. D. Jaynes to raise and equip an independent regiment, which he did, and was commissioned Colonel. Near the close of the war the regiment was mustered into the United States service, as the 141st Regiment Ohio Volunteers. This was one of 676 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. the finest regiments that did service for the Union during the great civil war. Its officers were : A. D. Jaynes, Colonel; T. W. Hampton, Lieuten- ant-Colonel; A. D. Brown, Major; Dr. C. L. Wilson, Surgeon, and Rev. C. C. Baker, Chaplain. The command did valuable service in forwarding supplies and recruits to the army, and protecting the State during the raids of Lightburn and Morgan. Subsequently Col. Jaynes was ordered, with his command, to report to Gen. George Crook, at Charleston, where he assumed the management of the whole department of West Virginia. His regiment was mustered out of service in 1864 by reason of expiration of time. His duties were performed to the entire satisfaction of both civil and military authorities. After the war closed Col. Jaynes, to find a wider field of enterprise and operation, in company with Cyrus Newkirk, came to the great undeveloped West, and settled in Sedalia, Mo., then only a small village. These two gentlemen, after viewing well the sur- roundings, decided that this point was destined to become a railroad center and of commercial importance, thereupon they organized the First National Bank, in March, 1866, with a capital stock of $100,000. This bank, with Col. Jaynes as cashier the first eight years, and then until July, 1880, as its President, has ever exercised a wide influence over the mate- rial growth of Central Missouri, and thenceforth he has been identified with all the most important enterprises of Sedalia and Pettis County. He took a prominent part in the organization of the Lexington & St. Louis Railroad, and acted as agent of the county in subscribing the stock. He was efficient in 1867-8 in building the Tebo & Neosho Railroad, which afterward became the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad, of which he was, much of the time, General Agent. In 1874, when the road passed into the hands of a Receiver, Col. Ja)mes was appointed Treasurer and Agent of the Receiver and General Manager, Mr. Bond, who resided in New York. Probably to him, more than any other person, the credit of forwarding this great railroad enterprise through Pettis County is' due. Col. Jaynes has been interested in a number of financial institutions out- side of Sedalia. He assisted in the organization of the First National Bank of Fort Scott, being one of the incorporators and a member of the first Board of Directors. In 1869 he organized the First National Bank of Parsons, Kan., and was its President and largest stockholder three years. He organized the First National Bank of Denison, Tex., in 1872, and was, for some time, its President. He was one of the incorporators and Vice-President of the Valley National Bank of St. Louis; was one of the original incorporators and directors of the Life Association of America, and also one of the incorporators of the Missouri Stock and Bond Board of St. Louis. He suggested and advocated the introduction of the Holly Water Works now in use in Sedalia, and being intrusted with the negotia- tion of the bonds, for building the works, turned them over to the city HISTORY OF SEDALIA. , 677 complete, at a cost of $110,000, which was $50,000 cheaper than an)- sys- tem of like capacity used in this country. He is an ardent advocate of education, warmly in favor of the improvement of our common school system, a pronounced temperance man, honorable in his intercourse with all men, a friend of the poor and oppressed. He is universally esteemed and gives moral tone to the business community. Though often solicited to accept positions, both State and National, he has declined, believing his career lay in another direction. His great ambition is to make the country rich in material improvements, and to do those things which'most contrib- ute to the peace, the prosperity and the happiness of the community. Col. Jaynes was married, July 20, 1858, to Miss Mary Jane Brown, daughter of John Brown, Esq., of Athens County, O. Their family consists of five refined and exceptionally well reared children, two sons and three daugh- ters, William V., a graduate in class of 1881, Washington University, St. Louis; John Brown, a graduate ofChickering Institute, Cincinnati; Hattie Ellen, attending the Wesleyan College, Cincinnati; Flora May and Jennie Susan, attending the Public School of Sedalia. The sons and daughters are artists in music, painting and drawing. The Jaynes mansion, one of the finest in the Union, is situated on the corner of Broadway and Ohio street. He and his accomplished wife have drawn discreetly upon the best treasures of modern decorative art for the embellishment of their model home. Tapestry from the first looms of Britain, frescoing by gen- uine artists in the most elegant French designs, mantels, statuettes and vases, delicately wrought in unique styles from the rarest marbles, uphol- stering of chaste and beautiful patterns, landscapes and figures of rare finish and beauty sketched and painted by the fair and deft hands of the daughters, and original draughts and sketches wrought by the skilled hands of the household; one of the finest libraries in the West; rare China table service from the land of the celestials; complete telegraphic and telephonic connection with all portions of the city, worked by the sons, who are accomplished electricians and phonographers, with many another gem of beaut)' and utility, gathered and grouped with exquisite taste in this charming home, which Col. Jaynes and his accomplished family have the appreciation to thoroughly enjoy, and within whose elegant and ample apartments they are wont to dispense a gracious and refined hospitality. This elegant home is adorned with the most ample lawns, beautiful shade trees that the gardner's art could devise, and is enclosed by a superb iron fence. A dozen life-size figures, representing Flora, Hebe, Mercury, the Amazon, the Seasons, with a noble pair of lions, mounted by winged musicians, with harp and lute, happily symbolizing the power of music over the savage nature. The figures are all of pure bronze and life-size Roman and Persian casts, after models by masters in the noblest of arts. Bronze vases and seats, unique and costly; thousands of square feet of cut 678 . HISTORY OF SEDALIA. stone walks, broadly laid in great slabs; a bronze fountain finely set in an ample' stone basin. The architecture of this beautiful home, both external and internal, is without blemish, and abounds in fine effects from every possible point of view. Fine contrasts of form and color are everywhere visible, and" in all the plans and elegant furnishing, the architect, and the master and mistress of the mansion, have achieved the happiest effects from cellar to attic. Colonel Jaynes is most emphatically a self-made man, individual and positive in his character. By his bravery, energy, persistence and executive gifts, he has led his neighbors into new schemes for the building of a new city, and what Sedalia is to-day, commercially, educationally, morally and progressively, is, in a great degree, the result of his enterprise. His strict integrity and disposition to oblige are among his chief characteristics. Col. Jaynes has never made the mistake common to little men. If he possesses any vanity it does not appear in his inter- course with men. He regards talent and enterprise as a full equivalent for money, and never loses sight of the fact that a brilliant, daring and restless man, although poor, may exercise an influence that wealth can never aspire to. His royal hospitality has been extended to many of the nation's distinguished representatives, as well as fellow citizens in humbler walks. President Rutherford B. Hayes, wife and son, Burchard Hayes,. Gen. W. T. Sherman and other distinguished guests, while on a tour through the West, came to Sedalia, Sept. 24, 1879, and breakfasted with Col. Jaynes and lady. President Grant, at one time during his Presidential term, made a tour of the Indian Territory with Col. Jaynes, and such strong attachments existed between them, that when the Colonel was a delegate to the National Republican Convention, at Chicago, in June,. 1880, with the " immortal 306," he voted thirty-six times for the nomination of the gallant General for President. HENRY P. JEFFERSON. Of the firm of R. M. Olmsted & Jefferson, livery and sale stable. Mr. Jefferson was born in 1851 in Denmark, where his father still resides. In 1871 Henry P. came to this country, locating in Kansas; afterward Went to Texas, and in 1877 came to Sedalia, where he has ever since resided. In 1882 he, in connection with his partner, built the stable on Hancock street, East Sedalia, where he is now in business. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was first married to Eliza Hill, who died in 1877, leaving one child, Alice. His second wife was Minnie Buningarten, of Sedalia. They have one child, named Lee. SAMUEL P. JOHNS. Was born in Preble County, O., in 1835. His father, Stephen M.,was a native of Pennsylvania, who died in 1870. His mother, Sarah, nee Parks,. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 679 was a native of Ohio, now living in Pana, 111. Samuel was raised on a farm in Ohio; educated at Waveland Collegiate Institute, Montgomery County, Ind., after which he engaged in the lumber business at Terre Haute, Ind., as salesman. In 1861 removed to Litchfield, 111., and opened a lumber yard on his own account until 1865, when he moved to Pana, 111., and opened a lumber yard. In 1879 he sold out, and in 1880 located in Sedalia, Mo., but opened a lumber yard at Warsaw, Mo. Mr. Johns continues to reside in Sedalia, while conducting a prosperous business in Warsaw. He has been engaged in the lumber business about twenty-five years, and has accumulated a handsome prop- erty. He is a man of integrity, enjoying the entire confidence of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been a Ruling Elder since 1867. He was married in 1859 to Margaret A. White, a native of Perry County, Ind., daughter of William White, now a resident of Pana, 111. They have four children living, William M., Samuel P., Jr., Robert M., Margaret A. Their eldest child, Laura A., died Sept. 19, 1881, aged nineteen years and four months; buried in Sedalia cemetry. She was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and fell asleep in Jesus. She was the pride of the family, loved and respected by all her acquaint- ances, both here and at her old home at Pana, 111. DR. JACOB B. JONES. Sedalia, Mo. Was born in the State of North Carolina, Davidson County, May 23, 1841. His father, Rev. Thomas Jones, and mother, Lucy, nee Brunnell, were also natives of North Carolina. His mother's death occurred in 1848, and his father's in 1856. Dr. Jones was educated at Trinity College, North Carolina. In 1861 he entered the Confederate army in the Twenty-second North Carolina Regiment, serving as a private during the war. His regiment was a part of Stonewall Jackson's cele- brated corps. He was in most of the battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia, being wounded at the battle of the Wilderness. At the close of the war he prosecuted his studies in medicine by attending the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and at the St. Louis Medical Col- lege, where he took his degree in the spring of 1868. Since that time he has lived in Pettis County. He was married in 1875, and has one child, Paul Jones. Dr. Jones is a member of the Pettis County Medical Society, and of the State Medical Association; has been President of the former, and a Vice President of the latter. He was Coroner of Pettis County for two years, and is the present Democratic nominee for that office. GEORGE KAHRS. Grocer and provision dealer. Mr. Kahrs was born in 1850 in Pettis 680" HISTORY OF SEDALIA. County, Mo. His father, Herman Kahrs, was a native of Germany, who came to Pettis County in 1840, where he still resides. His mother, Mar- garet, nee Cordes, was also a native of Germany, still living. George, the subject of this sketch, was raised on his father's farm. In 1875 he came to Sedalia, and engaged in the Grocery business on Second street, which he still continues, although in the fall of the same year he moved to his own building on Third street, where he has ever since been located. He has a large and complete stock of everything usually found in such a store. He is a member of the K. of P. ; also of the German M. E. Church, as is also his wife. He was married in 1874 to Anna Cordes. They have three'children living, Charles J. H., Katie M. and Arthur L. JOHN KAISER. Restaurant. Mr. Kaiser was born in 1841 in Prussia, and in 1856 came to America, locating in St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the confection- ery business. In 1861 he enlisted in the Federal army in Company A, Third Missouri Volunteers; was soon after promoted to Orderly Sergeant; He served three and a half years, taking part in many of the battles of Missouri; also siege of Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Sherman's Georgia campaign, and the capture of Atlanta, besides many others. For the last six months he was in command of the com- pany. After the war he returned to St. Louis, and in August, 1866, he came to Sedalia, where he engaged in the bakery business. In March, 1879, he bought a bakery and restaurant, to which he has ever since given ,his time and attention. Mr. Kaiser started here without a dollar, but by industry and economy has accumulated -a handsome property. He now furnishes meals for from 250 to 400 persons daily at his restaurant. Mr. Kaiser was married in 1865 to Miss Maggie Hilseweck. They have five children, Anna, Lizzie, Josie, John, Oscar; three dead. PHILIP KELLY. The oldest official of the city of Sedalia by a number of years is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Monaghan County, Ireland, in May, 1831, and was educated in the 'schools of his native country. In the fall of 1855, he emigrated to the United States, settling in New York, where he remained for about five years; then he moved to Ohio, settling near Dayton; here he remained for several years. Then, in the spring of 1868, he moved to Missouri, settling at Sedalia, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1872, Mr. Kelly received his first appointment as police- man, under Mayor George Cummings, and' was reappointed each suc- ceeding year, until the spring of 1877, when he was elected City Marshal. He held this position one year, when he was reappointed by Mayor Geo. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 681 L. Faulhaber, to his old position, that of city policeman. He has been reappointed each succeeding spring since. Mr. Kelly has been on the police force of this city since the spring of 1872. He is not only the oldest official of the city, but one of the most efficient officers the city has ever had. He is deservedly popular with all classes, and when Philip Kelly stands at the post, the peace of the city is well guaranteed. He was mar- ried, Nov. 29, 1858, to Miss Rose Campbell, a native of Ireland. From this union there were six children, only three of whom are now living, viz.: John, Michael R. and Maggie. Mr. Kelly has given his children an excellent business education, and the sons are each holding honorable positions of trust. JAMES W. KENNEDY. Was born in Morgan County, 111. His father, William Kennedy, was a native of Kentucky. His mother Sarah, nee Wright, a native of Tennes- see. James W.Kennedy entered the Federal army, 1861, Company I, Four- teenth Illinois Infantry, being the first man to enlist from Morgan County. He took part in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, besides many others. He served three years. After returning he was in a gen- eral merchandising business at Murray ville, 111., until 1877, when he came to Sedalia, and engaged with W. S. Mackey, as traveling salesman, where he has ever since continued. Mr. Kennedy was married in 1866 to Emma H. Strong, of Morgan County, O. They have three children liv- ing, Mattie B., J. Frank and Elizabeth. Mr. Kennedy is a member of the Masonic fraternity. T. F. KIDWELL. Is the son of Thomas N. Kidwell, of Washington, D. C. The subject •of this sketch was born in Washington City, June 3, 1850, and is the old- est child in a family of twelve children. He received his primary educa- tion from the schools of his native city, completing his education at Christian Brothers College, at St. Louis. After quitting school, he took a trip to California and Old Mexico, remaining about three years, when he returned to Missouri, stopping at Hannibal, and engaging in the railroad business. Here he remained five years, then returned to California, and remained three years, engaging in the same business, that of railroading. In Oct., 1871, Mr Kidwell returned to Missouri again, and located at his old home, at Hannibal, engaging at the same business, but only remained a short time,^when he took a trip to Texas. He remained in the Lone Star State two years, when he went to New Orleans, where he remained about a year and a half, engaging all the while in the railroad business. In the spring of 1873, he returned again to Missouri, and accepted the position of conductor and yard master with the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Rail- 682 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. road Company, at Sedalia. He holds the position at the present time. Mr. Kidwell is popular with railroad men, and a thorough, competent man in his business. He was married June 12, 1881, to Miss Lucy L. Edwards, a native of- this county. WILLIS P. KING, M. D. There are few men of the present day whom the world acknowledges as successful, more worthy of honorable mention, or whose liie history affords a better example of what may be accomplished by steady per- severance, energy and industry, than the subject of this sketch. His great grandparents emigrated to Kentucky, from Virginia, at -an early day, and were among the hardy pioneers when Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton were the people's idols. They came to Missouri in 1816, or 1817, his parents both being children at that time. The families — both named King — came together and settled in Howard County, near where the town of Old Franklin once stood. When the country became more thickly settled and the Indians were driven out, they removed to a farm between Roanoke and Glasgow. Here his parents grew up, and were married in 1835. They afterwards moved to Macon County, and located about twelve miles west of Macon City, near the Chariton River, where the subject of this sketch was born, the third in a family of ten children. Dr. King's parents were poor; in fact, almost everybody was poor in that county in those days. There were no school houses, no churches, nothing whatever to educate the mind or elevate the morals of the youth of the country. His first recollections are of the early works and sports partici- pated in at that time. The first schooling received was in a scalped log school house, with a wooden chimney, the roof made of clap-boards and held on with poles, and a portion of one log sawed and blocked out to .admit light to the writing bench. At the first session only half the floor» was laid. The girls occupied some benches made of "slabs" on the part where the floor was laid, and the boys sat on the sleepers or sills in the part where the floor was not laid. School books were not so plentiful then as now. Each pupil brought such books as he or she had. The Testament was frequently used for a reader, alternated with Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. He attended four or five sessions of this school. After attaining the age of twelve or thirteen years he worked about the neighborhood, often at ten cents a days, and bought such books as were needed at school and others that suited his taste to read at home. Thirsting for a better opportunity for an education, at the age of fourteen, joung Willis ran away from home, and cast his little boat upon the stormy sea of life with none but himself to guide. He worked and went to school alternately, until the line of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad was begun, when he went to work on that and helped to cut away the timber HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 683 and brush for the track. When work commenced on the road bed he drove the horses to carts in the "pit" for one year. During all this time the one thought that was ever uppermost in his mind was that he would, at all hazards, obtain an education, and be something, and somebody in the world. During the darkest hours of his life, when on a bed of sickness with death staring him in the face and waiting to gather him in the early harvest, he never for a single moment dropped that one grand idea, and time has shown how grandly it has been fulfilled. Having saved some money he went to Howard County and attended an academy for two sessions, of ten months each, and this was the extent of his regular school education. In glowing terms, Dr. King speaks of- his benefactors, those who encouraged and cheered him on, in the endi making him what he is. He kept up his studies for several years, teaching in Howard, Macon, Saline, and Pettis Counties. He was married, to iMiss Albina Hoss, June 13, 1861. Four sons and two daughters have been -born to them. Soon after marrying he began the study of medicine, swithout any preceptor, and afterwards attended the St. Louis Medical College, where he gradu- ated in the spring of 1866, and immediately commenced practicing in the western part of Vernon County, and remained there until the fall of 1868, when he removed to Nevada, the county seat, and continued the practice of his profession until the fall of 1870. He then went to New York and attended -Bellevue Medical College, and received the degree ad eundum in the spring of 1871, then returned and resumed his professional practice at Nevada. In the autumn of 1874, desiring a broader field for his work:, he removed to Sedalia, where he now has a large and lucrative practice. In order to show the great regard the people of Vernon County had for him, it is only necessary to state that he was a member of the School Board of Nevada, for six years, and Public Administrator for four years. Dr. King says of himself: "I have not succeeded in accumulating much property. Indeed, such a thing would not be expected of me by those who know me. I have but two mottoes, with regard to money making and saving, and they are: What a man gets out of this world he gets as he goes along, and 'shrouds have no pockets.' I do a great deal of work and make plenty of money, and spend it or give it away to those who need it more than I do." Any words concerning himself would be incom- plete without a proper tribute to the two persons who have influenced his life more than all others, and always for good, his mother and his wife. Of his mother he says: "She was a woman of rare intelligence, for her chances and her time. She read and retained everything that came in her way, and she had a wonderful gift of imparting her knowledge to others. She loved her children and greatly desired to see me attain the object of my ambition. She lived to see me a man, grown and respected, and I had ample opportunity to atone in some degree for the sorrow I gave 684 • HISTORY OF SEDALIA. her in leaving home so young." Of Mrs. King, we may justly say that whatever success the doctor has achieved, to her belongs to a large portion of the credit. Married when only sixteen years of age, she was utterly inexperienced in domestic duties. She has nobly stood by her husband in fortune and misfortune, and ever held up before him that bright star of hope, by which he was enabled to toil on, work on, at those inspiring toils by which man masters men. He has spent three winters away from her since their marriage, when she has taken upon herself the direc- tion of all his affairs in addition to her own. She has done this without a murmur, always acquiescing in whatever was necessary to promote the well-being of themselves and those dependent on them, no matter what the sacrifice might be. In 1880 he was elected Coroner of Pettis County, and at the meeting of the : Missouri State Medical Association in 1881, he was elected President of that body without opposition. He also occupies the chair of " Diseases of Women," in the Medical Department of the State University, at Columbia, where he delivers a full course of lectures on that subject, each year. He does a general practice and is considered one of the most successful surgeons in the State. HENRY A. KNAPP. Insurance, of the firm of Knapp & Espenchied. Mr. Knapp was born in Crawford County, Pa., in 1836. His father,- Timothy Knapp, was a native of New Hampshire. His mother, Clara C. Towry, was a native of Massachusetts. Henry A. Knapp came to Pettis County, Mo., in 1858, where he taught school for several years. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B., 7th M. S. M. Cavalry, and served three years. After the war, he engaged in school teaching for one year, after which, on account of ill health, he again left the school room. In 1874 he opened an insur- ance office in Sedalia, and has ever since continued in the business, repre- senting the best companies in both this and foreign countries. Mr. Knapp is a member of the I. O . O . F. He was married in 1860 to Miss Carrie W. Ward, a daughter of Wm. R. Ward, one of the early settlers of this county, now a resident of Sedalia. They have four children living. CHARLES KOOCK. Of D. T. Chaney & Co., merchant tailoring and clothing. Was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1842. His father, Charles, died in Germany, in 1844, and in 1849 his mother moved with the family to America, and located in New Orleans, where she remained until 1852, when she moved to St. Louis, Mo. She died in 1853. When Charles, was eleven years of age, he was taken as an apprentice in a tailoring establishment, where he learned his trade, working until 1861, at which time he entered the Federal army, under Gratz Brown. In September, 1862, he enlisted ''z**£tf yz£^c^e^-ej6L /^cI^^j^y HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 685 again in the Thirtieth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. For three years he was in the Department of the Mississippi, and took an active part in all her battles and campaigns, serving until the close of the war. He entered as a private, but was promoted from time to time, until the close of the war, when he was serving as First Lieutenant, Company D, Thirtieth Missouri Battalion. After the close of the war he returned to St. Louis, and engaged in the merchant tailoring business, which he continued until 1859, when he came to Sedalia, and for some time was in the tailoring business with C. E. Smith. In 1877, he began work, as cutter for J. W. Burress, where he remained until March, 1881, when he and his present partner, D. T. Chaney, bought out the business, and are still engaged in it and having a prosperous trade. Being industrious and energetic busi- ness men, we bespeak for them a bright future. He was married in May, 1870, to Amanda Berryman, of St. Louis, daughter of Arthur Berry- man, of that city. They have three children, Charles J., Arthur and Wilhelmina. They also had two others, deceased: Lillie May, died March, 1875, aged three years; Mortimer, died November, 1881, aged three years and ten months. Mr. Koock belongs to the I. O. O. F., and A. O. U. W. fraternities. CORD KRUSE. The subject of this sketch is a native Missourian, born in Morgan County, Feb. 4, 1846; son of John D. and Annie Kruse. At the age of sixteen he went to St. Louis and engaged in the butcher business two years; then worked in a rolling mill three years; and finally moved to Smithton, &nd lived there and in the vicinity until 1870, when he came to Sedalia, and has been engaged in the butcher business ever since. In the fall of 1877, he entered into a co-partnership with Frank K. Fredrick. In 1881, he and his partner built the large brick building on Seventh and Ohio streets, of which an eclectrotype view appears elsewhere in this volume. They have their meat market in the lower rooms. The hall, on the second floor, is used by the Amity Lodge, A. O. U. W., of which the subject of this sketch is a member. On July 2, 1868, Mr. Kruse married Miss Margaret Kahrs, of Pettis County, and by this union they have four children. LOUIS KUMM. Watchmaker and jeweler. Mr. Kumm was born in 1841 in St. Louis, Mo. His father, Jacob Kumm, was a native of Germany, who came to St. Louis in 1840. "Mr. Kumm was reared in St. Louis, where he learned the watch-making business in his youth. In 1861 he came to Sedalia, where he was the first jeweler in the city. He continued in the jewelry business until 1871, when he began the manufacture of soap, in which he 31 686 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. was engaged until 1879, when he again engaged in the jewelry business, which he still continues. Mr. Kumm is a Knight Templar, and was among the first Masons in the city. He and his wife are members of the O. S. Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1865 to Miss Rose Brent. They have six children, Clara, Louis, Charlie, Rosa, Philip, Henry ; one dead. JOHN A. LACY. Judge of the Probate Court of Pettis County. Was born in the year 1849 in Frederick County, Va. His mother's death occurred while he was yet an infant, and he was reared by his grand-mother, Mrs. John Alexander, of Lexington, Va. John A. Lacy received a thorough course at the Washington and Lee University of Lexington, graduating in the year 1869. Afterward he was sent to the University of Virginia, where he graduated in the Law Department of that institution, 1871. In the same year (1871) he came to Missouri, locating in Sedalia, Pettis County, where he commenced the practice of law in the office of Philips & Vest. Although comparatively a young man, his career as an eloquent and able lawyer is well known throughout Central Missouri. His father, Rev. B. F. Lacy, D. D., about this time also removed from Virginia to Pettis County, and for some time was identified with the Presbyterian Church of Seda- lia, Mb., and is well and favorably known in Central Missouri as an able and devout expounder of the Gospel. John A. Lacy, as a lawyer, fought his battles single handed, until the second year of his removal from his native State, Virginia. He married Miss Elizabeth P. Myers, also of Lexington, March 12, 1873, daughter of John H. Myers, a broker of that city, and by her has three children, Susan M., John McD. A. and Henry Blain. After his marriage he continued the practice of his profession, making many friends by his genial disposition and rare social qualities. Never swerving from the path into which his moral instincts led him, he became popular as a member of the bar, and in 1876 was elected Judge of the Probate Court of Pettis County, which office he still holds, being re-elected in 1880. Judge Lacy's success has been marked from the beginning, and that his administration as Probate Judge has been charac- terized by much forethought and discretion is accorded by the fact of his re-election in 1880. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and also Past Grand Chancellor, and at present one of the representatives from Missouri to the Supreme Lodge of the world. Altogether he has, in every capacity in which he has been called upon to officiate, proved himself equal to the emergency, winning a host of worthy friends, and well may the people of Pettis County be proud of a man who has served them so well. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 687 ERNEST LAMY. Was born in the city of Nancy, France, March 10, 1816. His father, Caesar Augustus Lamy, has been dead a number of years. When, in 1828, Ernest Lamy emigrated to America, he located at Gallipolis, O., and served as apprentice in the tailoring business. Ten years later he went to West Virginia, where he remained about three years, then came to Missouri, first locating in Osceola, St. Clair County, where he followed tailoring about six years. In 1846 he removed his business to Boonville, and for twenty years carried on merchant tailoring there. After the war, when Sedalia was beginning to assume the character of a business center, Mr. Lamy removed to this city, and since that time, 1867, has made it his home and headquarters in business. The firm, J. A. Lamy & Co., with which he is connected, is doing a large business. Their place of business, located on Main street, is large and convenient, constantly filled with one of the largest stocks of merchant tailoring and gents' furnishing goods and ready-made clothing in this portion of the State. They find employment for eight men in the cutting and manufacturing department, besides clerks and employes in other lines. He was married in 1854, to Miss Lucy C. Parsons, one of the early settlers of Cooper County, Mo. They have had seven children, five of whom are still living, James A., now in busi- ness with his father, whose name appears in the firm, Medora, now wife of Captain Harry C. Demuth, of this city, Ella L., now wife of C. P. Brown, of St. Louis, Ernest W. and Florence. Mr. Lamy and family are among the enterprising and highly respected constituents of Sedalia busi- ness and social circles. He has served the people in the capacity of City Alderman, City Treasurer, and member of the Board of Education. He is a representative man 'in his line of business, and his life, fortune and present position are striking illustrations of what great results may be accomplished by intelligence, industry and business application. MITCHELL M. LAMPTON. Was born Nov. 24, 1819, in Columbia, Ky. His father and mother were both born in that State. His father, Louis Lampton, died in 1823, after which his mother moved to Richmond, Ky., and afterward to^Hop- kinsville, where the subject of our sketch was reared. After Mr. Lamp- ton attained manhood, he was married to Miss Elizabeth S. Rolland, daughter of Reuben Rolland, cashier of Hopkinsville Bank. In the year of 1856 he moved to Pettis County, and engaged in farming, and in 1859 he sold out and moved to Windsor, in Henry County. Here he sold goods until early in the spring of 1861, when he went into the Con- federate army, and served until the close of the war. Lampton's life as a soldier commenced as First Lieutenant, but he was promoted to Major. 688 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. He figured in several battles, but not once during the Rebellion was he wounded. In I860 he came with his family to Sedalia, and engaged in the mercantile business until 1878, when he was elected City Assessor. Mr. Lampton has been' connected with the insurance business, and also real estate business. He was one of the early settlers of Pettis County, and has been identified with her prosperity and growth almost from the beginning. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been through all its degress, having been a Mason since 1844. He is a charter member of the Granite Lodge, of this city, also charter member of the Chapter, also of the Council, and St. Omar Commandery. Himself and wife are members of the Old School Presbyterian Church. They have seven children, named respectively: Augusta R., Reuben L., James J., Lizzie, William M., Mary M., Mitchell M., and two deceased. HENRY LAMM. Attorney at law. Mr. Lamm was born Dec. 3, 1846, in Wayne Co., Ohio. His father, Wm. Lamm, was a native of Pennsylvania. Henry, the subject of this sketch, graduated from Michigan University, Ann Arbor, in 1869, after which he came to Sedalia and studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He served two and a-half years as Circuit Clerk, and with this exception, he has been constantly engaged in the practice of his profession since his admission to the bar. Mr. Lamm is a member of the Board of Education, and has taken a great interest in the Sedalia schools. He is a member of Granite Lodge, A. F. & A. M., also of the I. O. O. F. He was married in 1874, to Miss Grace A. Rose, of East Saginaw, Mich. They have two children, Nettie R. and Philip F. v JOHN LANDES. Watches, clocks and jewelry. Mr. Landes was born September 22, 1846, in Mifflin County, Pa. His father, GeorgeVLandes, was also a native of Pennsylvania, as was his mother, Paulina Landes, nee Polick. John, the subject of this sketch, began the watch, clock and jewelry business in 1868, and in 1870 opened his store in Sedalia, on Main street, No. 111. Move^ to his present storeroom in the Bazoo building in the summer of 1868, which is one of the best in the city. In the spring of 1882 he was elected Alderman of the Fourth Ward. As a business man and as a citi- zen, he is held in high esteem by all who know him. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, of which he is Financial Reporter, also of the Knights of Pythias. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. He was married in 1871, to Minnie May Kuilmer, of Sedalia. They have three children living, Carl, Jessie and Howard. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 689 WILLIAM LATOUR. Photographer. Prominent among the names of the distinguished pho- tographers of Missouri appears the name of Wm. Latour. He was born in the village of Eslingen, Kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, Oct. 4, 1845. Came to America with his parents in the year 1851, and settled in St. Louis, Mo. In 1856 he commenced learning the art of daguerreotyp- ing, ambrotyping and photographing, under Aug. Plitt, one of the leading artists of St. Louis. After having become proficient in the art, he was engaged in some of the leading galleries of St. Louis until the close of the civil war, when he embarked in the theatrical profession. He made his first engagement with G. D. Chaplin, who was then the lessee of the Leavenworth, Kan., Theatre. It was during his ^rst theatrical career, in a vacation, May 27, 1866, he came to Sedalia. Here he worked at his profession with H. C. Lesher, until the opening of the season of 1867, when he rejoined his former company, and played the following season, in what was then termed the Western Circuit. On the thirteenth day of April, 1868, he returned to Sedalia, having made up his mind to give up the stage as a profession, he again resumed photography. He first worked for J. C. Downing, and then for Richard Penny, whom he bought out in 1869, and has followed the business ever since, and has established a rep- utation second to no photographer in the State, The best evidence of his success as an artist is the large brick building, " Latour's Block," on the corner of Ohio and Fourth streets, which he erected in 1879, with money earned in his business, in S # edalia. In the upper rooms of the " Latour Block," he has one of the finest furnished photograph galleries in the West. Mr. Latour was married to Miss Josephine Lyons, Oct. 25, 1869. They have three children, Blanch, Ira and Lionel. it FRANK LAUBER. Is the son of John Lauber, a native of Germany, but who came to the United States in the year 1844, and settled in Randolph County, 111., where he lived until his death, which occurred in" the year 1863. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Aug. 4, 1843. He received a part of his education in the schools of Randolph County, 111., completing the same in Moniteau County, Mo. When he was yet a youth he began work for a construction train on the M. P. R. R. Afterwards, in 1860, he worked in the shops of the Missouri Pacific R. R. at St. Louis. He first took an engine on the Missouri Pacific in the spring of 1863, and continued in that position until 1868, when he accepted a position as engineer on the Union Pacific, where he remained about one year. Then he went to California and accepted a position as engineer and conductor on a construction train. In the year 1869 he returned to Kansas City, and accepted a position as 690 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. engineeer on, the Kansas Pacific. In the summer of 1870, he returned to the Missouri Pacific, and accepted a position he has held ever since. He has never met with any accidents worthy of mention. He is popular in railroad circles, and a courteous, intelligent and agreeable gentleman. JAMES P. LEAKE. Was born in Virginia, in the year 1817. His father, Robert S., now deceased, was a native of Virginia, as was also his mother. In 1828, in company with his father's family, he emigrated to Greenfield, Ohio. James P. learned the mercantile business, and in 1839 opened a store in Peters- burg, a short distance from Greenfield, where he remained for about ten years, at which time he returned to Greenfield, where he again engaged in mercantile pursuits : until the war in 1861. He then went on a farm and remained until 1866, when he emigrated west and located in Sedalia; and again engaged in the mercantile business. Mr. Leake built the first business block in Sedalia on Ohio street, located on the southwest corner of Ohio and Second streets. While they were making preparations for the construction of his building and were engaged in unloading lumber to be used in the building, a stranger remarked: "What fool is going to build out there on the prairie ? " But the wisdom of his choice was soon manifest, as in a short time it was deemed about the best location in the city. In 1S73 he built on the same lot the three-story brick block which he sold to Dr. H. W. Wood in January, 1880, and for which he realized the sum of twenty-seven thousand dollars. In 1875 Mr. Leake retired from active business, but being the owner of some very fine farming lands in this county, 'and considerable real estate in Sedalia, has to some extent turned his attention to the supervision of his estates. Mr. Leake was married to Mary J. Rogers, daughter of Col. Thos. Rogers, of Greenfield, Ohio, in 1840, and has four children living, named respectively, Nannie E., now the wife of O. J. Baldwin, of Green- field, Ohio, a merchant of that city ; Julia A., now the wife of Henry C. Sinnet, of Sedalia; Alletus W., with Maltby & Co., of Sedalia; Emma A., wife of W. J. Maltby, of Sedalia. His wife died in Januarjr, 1878, after which he was married to Matilda A. Love, of Green- field, Ohio, May 16, 1880, and by her has one child, James P. Mr. Leake is a member of the Baptist Church, of Sedalia; and through his influence both as a christian and business man, the church and moral standing of the city is being advanced wherever he devotes his energies. GEORGE F. LONGAN. Attorney at law. Is a native of Pettis County, Mo. His father, J. B. Longan, is a native of Cooper County, Mo., and his mother, whose maiden name was Reaves, is also a native of Cooper County. George HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 691 F., the subject of this sketch, was educated at the State Normal School at Warrensburg and graduated at the State University, in 1878, after which he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1880. During the year of 1881 he served the city of Sedalia as City Attorney, in which position he gave general satisfaction. Although young in years he is recognized as a ready debator, concise in language, and vigorous in thought, a keen logician, with the power of pressing his arguments strongly and rapidly. He chooses his positions only after he is himself assured of their strength and he then proves himself an antagonist not to be baffled, or a powerful ally. With these qualities the career before him is a brilliant one ; yet, as a professional man, and as a citizen, among his associates and in social life, his record is no less one deserving of preservation from its amenity, and the kindly feeling and respect which he inspires. JAMES H. LOONEY. Real estate and insurance. Mr. Looney was born, in 1828, in Haw- kins County, Tenn. His father, John Looney, was also a native of Ten- nessee. His mother, Elizabeth, nee Johnson, was a native of the same place. James H. came to Polk County, Mo., in 1854, and after clerking for a few years, opened a store and sold goods until the breaking out of the war. During the war he was Quartermaster of Col. Mitchell's Regiment M. S. M. In 1865 he came to Sedalia, where he was engaged in various kinds of business for some years, but finally engaged in real estate, ' insurance and money loaning, which he has followed ever since. He owns a beautiful farm just outside the city limits, where he resides. Mr. Looney has been a Mason since 1856. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He was married in 1859 to a Miss McLain, of Fayetteville, Ark. They have five children living, Perry J., Belle, Mary V., James H., Mack D. Their eldest son, Ralph M., died in May, 1880, aged 19 years. WM. S. MACKEY. Wholesale dealer in boots and shoes, hats, caps, etc. Was born in 1830, in Warren County, Ohio. His father, William Mackey, a, native of Virginia, died in California in 1858. His mother, Mary, nee Sinnard, was a native of Pennsylvania, and died in 1834. Wm., the subject of this sketch, went to Galena, Illinois, with his father, when but fourteen years of age, and remained until 1849, when he went overland to California, where he engaged in the mercantile business, remaining until 1857. About this time he returned to the States, remaining but a short time, however, as he returned to California in 1858. In the month of October of the same year he returned, and engaged in the flouring business at Peru, Ind. Mr. Mackey soon after sold his mill and commenced business as a dry 692 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. goods merchant in the same town. In 1867, he again sold out, and in the month of June of the same year came to Sedalia, Mo., and opened a boot and shoe store, which he has ever since continued. About the first of January, 1872, he began a jobbing trade, which has been constantly increasing until he now has a jobbing trade almost equal to any house in Missouri. Mr. Mackey was married January 23, 1862, to Sarah McLaughlin, of St. Mary's, ■ Ohio, daughter of G. W. McLaughlin, of that city. They have four children: Wm, B., now at school at Cincin- nati, Ohio, George K., Mary G. and Flora S. DR. T. T. MAJOR. Dental surgeon. Dr. Major was born in Franklin County, Ky., March 4, 1829. His father, Oline T., was a native of Virginia. His mother, Nancy T., nee Gunnell, was a native of Kentucky. In 1848, the family removed to Saline County, Mo., where Dr. Major was reared. In 1852, he took up the study of dentistry under his brother, A . C. Major, of Brownsville. In 1863 he located at Glasgow, Howard County, Mo., where he began the practice of his profession. He afterwards practiced at Waverly and Lexington. In 1868 he located in Sedalia, where he has ever since practiced his profession. He was married in 1850 to Miss Rachel Levi, by whom he has three children living: Maggie, Lizzie and Nannie. His wife died in 1857. In 1864 he married Miss Mattie Buckner, and by her has three children : Sallie, George and Anna M. 'He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of the I. O.O. F. HENRY H. MAREAN. The subject of this sketch was born January 7, 1844, in Van Buren, Arkansas; son of Joseph P. and Abbie Marean, both natives of Massachu- setts. His father emigrated to Arkansas about 1836, and opened a gen- eral merchandise business near the mouth of the White River, at a trad- ing post known as Montgomery's point, and remained there six years, then removed to Van Buren, on the Arkansas River, and engaged in the mer- cantile business until the commencement of the civil war, then closed out his business, and with his wife, returned to his native State and settled in Boston, where he and his wife are living at present. Mr. H. H. Marean joined the Third Regiment, Arkansas Volunteers of the Confederate army at the beginning of the war, and served until it was over, then went to Little Rock and remained a short time; from there he went to New Orleans and engaged in mercantile business for about two years, and then went to Boston and accepted a situation of traveling salesman for the firm of Bliss, Whitney & Co., manufacturers and dealers in clothing, and engaged in that business until 1872; then resigned his situation and came HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 693 to Sedalia and opened a dry goods store on the corner of Main and Ken- tucky streets, where he remained until 1876, when, owing to the increase of his business, it becoming necessary for him to have a larger store room, he removed his stock of goods to the large and commodious build- ing he now occupies on the corner of Main and Ohio streets. -Mr. Marean married Miss Anna Bouldin on October 30, 1881, daughter of Clark Bouldin, one of the pioneer settlers of Pettis County. HENRY G. MASONHALL. Policeman. Mr. Masonhall was born in Allegheny County, Pa., in 1846. His father, John P., was a native of Germany, who came to Amer- ica in 1821, and is now a resident of Sedalia, aged eighty years. His mother is also living, aged sixty-five years. H. G. moved to Mattoon, 111., in 1868 or 1869, and engaged in railroading until 1S78, when he came to Sedalia and was conductor on the M., K. & T., until 1881, when he joined the police force of Sedalia, where he still remains. He is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., and also of the K. of P. He was married, in 1880, to Miss Maggie Milligan, of Sedalia, a daughter of Benjamin Milligan, of this city. JOHN W. MASON. Grocer and provision dealer. Mr. Mason was born, in 1857, in St. Louis County, Mo. His father, T. J. Mason, was a native of Missouri, now a resident of Lamonte, this County. His mother, Sarah A., nee Cor- dell, was a native of Missouri. John W. was raised on a farm. In 1868, he began railroading, which he followed till 1875. He then followed farming until 1881, when he came to Sedalia, and engaged in the grocery business^} which he still follows. His father came to Pettis County in 1854, where he has ever since resided. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He was married, in 1879, to Lillie Swanson, of this County. They have two chil- dren, Cornelia and Charles E. EDWIN E. McCLELLAN. Book and stationery dealer. Was borrt in Peoria County, 111., in May, 1850, where he was reared. His father, S. R. McClellan, was a native of Maysville, Ky., but was principally reared in Dayton, O., and died in Sedalia, May 16, 1876. His mother, Charlotte, nee Osborn, was a native of Ohio, now a resident of Sedalia. Edwin McClellan was educated in Oneida and Sedalia. He began business in Sedalia as deputy postmaster, serving in that capacity for a period of six years. In 1878, he left the postoffice and began business for himself, as a dealer in books, stationery, etc. Mr. McClellan has an elegant storeroom on Second street, where he 694 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. is engaged in business, and commands a large share of the patronage of the people of Sedalia and Pettis County. Possibly no man in Sedalia is better calculated to build up a lucrative business than Mr. McClellan, serving, as he did, a long term in the postoffice of this city, and being a popular official, he acquired a large acquaintance in the County, and his popularity has followed him in his business. He is a self-made man. Beginning life a poor boy, he has, by close attention to business and hon- esty of purpose, accumulated quite a nice property, tie is the owner of an elegant residence on Broadway, in addition to his mercantile establish- ment. He was married in November, 1880, to Miss Sadie F. Castle, of Sedalia, a daughter of J. C. Castle, a prominent farmer of Pettis County. JEROME B. McCLURE. Farmer, section twelve, Sedalia Township. Mr. McClure was born in 1835 in Missouri. His father, Dr. William H. McClure, was a native of Kentucky, who located in Lincoln County, Mo., in 1828. His mother, Fannie, nee Bond, was a native of Kentucky also. J. B., the subject of this sketch, was reared principally in Boone County. In 1859 he came to Pettis County and engaged in farming very extensively, and has ever since been one of the prominent farmers of the county. In 1872 he was married to Miss Sallie F. Field, a daughter of Curtis Field, whose , biography appears in this work. They have two children living, John F. and Lillian, and two deceased. john c. Mclaughlin. Was born in Auglaize County, O., in 1851. His father, George McLaughlin, was a native of Maryland. His mother, Mary, nee Hart, was a native of Connecticut. John C, the subject of this sketch, came to Sedalia in the spring of 1869, when he entered the house of W. S. Mackey as salesman, where he still continues, having been interested in the busi- ness for the past three years. He was married, in 1876, to Flora I. Fer- guson. They have two children, Mary E. and John C, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. McLaughlin are members of the M. E. Church. george c. Mclaughlin. Furniture dealer. Mr. McLaughlin was born in 1846, in St. Mary's, O. His father, George W., was a native of Baltimore. His mother, Mary, nee Hart, was a native of Connecticut — a descendant of the Hart family who founded Hartford, Conn. She now lives in Sedalia. George C, the sub- ject of this sketch, was educated at St. Marys, O., after which he was engaged in book-keeping until 1874, when he came to Sedalia. After keeping the station ledger of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad for HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 695 a time, he entered the office of Col. A. D. Jaynes (who was at that time Treasurer of the M., K. & T. Railroad), as book-keeper, where he remained four years. In 18§0 he engaged in the furniture business, in which he still continues, having the largest and most complete stock in the city. He was married, in 1881, to Nellie Butterfield, of Piqua, O. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM A. McNEES. Grain merchant, Sedalia, Mo. He was born, April 8, 1842, in Grant County, Ky. His father, P. F. McNees, and mother, Artemissa, nee Pejarnette, were natives of Kentucky. W. A., the subject of this sketch, entered the Confederate army, in 1862, in Kirby Smith's command, but soon afterward joined John Morgan's command, in which he remained until Morgan's death. After the war he engaged in the saddlery and har- ness business for a short time. In 1866 he came to Williamstown, Lewis County, Mo., where he continued in the harness business until 1867. He then came to Sedalia, where he pursued his trade until 1872, then spent about two years in the grocery business in Scotland County, this state. Returning to Sedalia, he engaged in the grocery business, and afterward in the grain trade, which he still continues. In 1878 he built the elevator on East Main street, the first and only grain elevator in Sedalia. Mr. McNees was married, in 1867, to Miss Mary H., daughter of Ninian Nichols, a native of Kentucky. Five children were born to this pair, two of whom are living, the eldest and youngest, Edgar F. and Mary H. Three died in infancy, Walter Lee, Joseph William and Carl Roy. Their mother died in 1878, and in 1881 Mr. McNees was united in marriage to Miss Esther Adelia Thompson. Both are worthy members of the Baptist Church, and enioy the confidence and respect of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. ABSALOM McVEY. Was born in Oct., 1802, in Maryland. His father, Benjamin, was also a native of Maryland, as was his mother, Ann, nee Kilpatrick. Absalom, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm, but learned the carpen- ter's trade. In the spring of 1838, he came to Pettis County, and located in Georgetown, where he worked at his trade until 1856, when he located on the farm where he now resides, on the eastern border of Sedalia. Here he entered 1,100 acres of land,,on a part of which Sedalia now stands During the war he remained at home. Was once taken prisoner by the Confederates, being a strong Union man. About this time his father-in- law, Thomas Allison, was shot by bushwhackers. Mr. McVey is a man universally loved and respected by all. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He was married, in 1824, to Mary Edminson, by 696 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. whom he had eight children, three of whom are living, Benjamin, John, Thomas. His wife died in 1838. In 1839, he married Hannah C. Burns, by whom he had eight children, five of whom are living. His wife died in 1855, and the same year he married Lucinda Allison, by whom he had eight children, six living; Charles, Levi, Rebecca, George, Schuyler and Hortense. JOHN W. McVEY. Is the son of Absalom McVey, who was a native of Maryland, but removed to Missouri in the fall of 1833, and settled in Georgetown, then the county seat of Pettis County. The subject of this sketch was born in Cecil County, Md., May 24, 1833. He received his education at the private schools of Georgetown, and after completing his education he learned the builder's trade, and built the second house erected in Sedalia. It was a school house. He was a contractor and builder for a number of years, and now has a good position in the Missouri, Kansas & Texas shops. He was married in 1851, to Miss Martha Gent, a native of Vir- ginia, and this union has blessed them with a bright family of children, four of whom are living. Ada, Gen, Trail and Maude. His first wife dying, he married Miss Nellie Watts, in 1866, a native of Wisconsin. From this union there were three children,- one of whom is living. Mrs. McVey is a lady of refinement and literary taste, having written consid- erable for the public press, a history of Eureka Springs, and many other highly prized productions, and is now writing for several eastern periodi- cals and papers. WILLIAM H. McQUITTY. Proprietor of Lindell Hotel. The subject of this sketch is a native Missourian, born in Boone County, Sept. 15, 1837; is the son of Daniel and Susan McQuitty, both natives of Kentucky, who came to Missouri in an early day. William H. is the eldest of a family of six children. His brothers and sisters are, Wm. H., Harriett, wife of Dr. G. W. Elliott; Nancy, wife of James M. McKee; Armilda, wife of Robert Baker, and Daniel W., living, and Mary F., deceased. Mr. McQuitty remained on the farm with his father until 1862, then went to Cooper County. October 1, 1863, he married Miss Josephine Scruggs, by whom he has a family of five children, Wm. D., Ada, George, Hortense and Nancy. In 1875 he sold his property in Cooper County and moved to Pettis County, and purchased property in Longwood, where he lived until 1879, then sold his property and purchased a farm in Longwood township, and engaged in farming until the spring of 1882, then rented his farm and moved to Seda- lia, and took charge of the Lindell Hotel, and remodeled and furnished it with the modern hotel conveniences, and is now doing a good business, and has a good class of boarders. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 697 THOMAS B. MEMMINGER, M. D. Was born in Charleston, S. C, in 1837. His father, Christopher G., was a native of Germany; is now a resident of Charleston, and was during the late war Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederate States. His mother's maiden name was Miss Mary Wilkerson, a native of New Jersey. The subject of this sketch graduated at the South Carolina College, in 1856. Three years later he graduated from Charleston Medical College, after which he entered Bellevue Hospital, where he completed the surgical course. He then went to. Europe, where he spent two years in Paris, attending lectures and visiting hospitals, and returned home in the spring of 1861, and in April of that year, went to Montgomery, Alabama, and was there appointed, b) r Jefferson Davis, Surgeon of the Confederate Army, and ordered to report to General Beauregard, at Charleston, and on his arrival the General appointed him Surgeon of his Staff. The doctor was present when the first gun was fired on Fort Sumter, and accom- panied his staff to the fort after its surrender. Subsequently he was ordered to Richmond to take charge of Camp Lee Hospital. After Camp Lee he was appointed Surgeon of the Fifth Division, at Winder Hospital, in Richmond, and was shortly transferred to Danville, Va., and placed in charge of the General Hospital at that place. From this position he was ordered to Charleston, S. C, and appointed President of the Examining Board for retirement, furloughs and discharges, for that department. He was then ordered to report to Major General Patten, Anderson's Division of Joseph E. Johnson's Army, and appointed Surgeon of his Division, and in this capacity continued until April 28, 1865. At the close of the war he returned to Charleston, S. C-, and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1869 he came to Kansas City, and about 1872 went to St. Louis, where he built up a large practice. He came to Sedalia,in 1881, where he is building up a profitable practice. The doctor was married in 1871 fo Miss Maggie Millison, of Decatur, III, daughter of Dr. J. H. Millison, of that place. They have two children, Thomas M. and Jessie. Dr. Memminger's social endowments are of the highest order. In stature he is medium, in appearance commanding, edu- cated in the finest schools of this country and Europe, he is prepared to discuss any topic that may arise. His recognized abilities placed him at the head of his profession in the army. A native born Southerner, he carries the honor of that proud birth with proverbial dignity. Such is the brief outline of the life of one whose true merit and genuine worth entitles him to prominence and esteem. JAMES K. MERRIFIELD. The subject of this sketch was born in Scranton, Penn., Aug. 20, 1844, and is the elder of a family of two children. He received a liberal educa- 698 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. tion from the schools of his native State. In the spring of 1862 he moved to Illinois, where he remained until the fall of '62, when he enlisted in the 88th Illinois " Board of Trade Regiment," United States Volunteers, of Chicago, under Colonel Frank Sherman and Captain Geo. A. Sheridan, who afterwards held the office of Recorder of Deeds, at Washington, D. C, under the administration of President Hayes. Mr. Merrifield was with the Army of the Cumberland and Tennessee, and participated in all the principal battles fought by those armies and was actively engaged from the battle of Perryville to the close of the war. After peace had been declared he returned to his old home in Pennsylvania, where he remained until the year 1870, when he engaged in the railroad business. In the spring of that year Mr. M. moved to Missouri, settling in Sedalia, where he has since resided, and been engaged with the Missouri Pacific as con- ductor. In November, 1881, he was transferred from the Lexington branch to a passenger run from Sedalia to St. Louis, which position he still fills. He was married May 18, 1866,' to Miss R. T. Crandall, a native of Great Bend, Penn. ; from this union there is one child, Walter, a bright boy of fifteen years. Mr. M.'s father, John Merrifield, is a natiye of Pennsylvania, and stil resides at Great Bend. Of Mr. Merrifield it can be truthfully said, that he is one of the most popular conductors that run upon the road. In his long railroad experience he has had but few acci- dents, and none of them connected with disastrous results. Much of this good fortune is due directly to Mr. Merrifield's good judgment and care- fulness. The most unfortunate one in which he was a party was that of the Houstonia cyclone in 1875, in which his train was badly wrecked, several of the cars being literally torn into kindling wood. Mr. Merrifield saw the storm coming and had his passengers all get out ot the coaches and he was standing upon the ground near the depot and was taken up by the tornado and carried about a hundred yards across the prairie with lightning express time. Strange to say no one was severely hurt, he receiving only a few slight bruises. From this incident he received his sobriquet, " Tornado Jim," by which he is known from one end of the line to the other. He immediately took his locomotive and run to Browns- ville for medical assistance and returning did all in his power to alleviate the suffering of the wounded. In person Mr. Merrifield is tall, straight and spare . He has a pleasant face, keen sparkling eyes, full of intelligence, eagerness and vivacity, an agreeable address and courteous, dignified man- ners, and is a favorite with his friends, and has the full confidence, of his employers. JOHN H. MERTZ. Of Mertz & Hale, druggists. Among the enterprising men of Sedalia, John H. Mertz takes a high rank. He was born in Frankfort, Germany, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 699 Sept. 28, 1846. His father, Henry Mertz, came with his family to Amer- ica, in 1852, locating at Beardstown, 111., where he died in 1875. Here John H. Mertz was reared and educated. In the winter of 1863-4, he enlisted in the Federal army in Company G, of the 145th Illinois Infantry, and was stationed most of the time in Missouri, and it was at this time that he became favorably impressed with the State. After the war he took a course at Jones Commercial College, St. Louis, clerking in a drug store at the same time. On March 15, 1865, he came to Sedalia, and clerked for W. E. Bard until July, 1866, at which time he purchased the drug store of Dr. J. G. Beck, and has ever since been identified with the drug business of Sedalia. In 1872, Dr. R. L. Hale became associated with him in the drug business, and together they built the three-story brick block on Ohio street, which they now occupy, and which was at that time one of the finest in Sedalia. They do a large business^having a large job- bing trade, and the enterprising character of Mr. Mertz is well known throughout Central Missouri . A great deal is due his untiring labors in behalf of our growing city. He is President of the Fourth Building Associa- tion, of Sedalia, and director of four others, and for the past five years a member of the School Board. He is one of the original members of the Congregational Church of this city. He was married to Miss Nettie P. Lamm, of Sedalia, April 16, 1868, a native of Wayne County, Ohio, and daughter of Wm. Lamm, of that county. They have six children, all living: Ella L., Anna L., Nettie F, Alice B., Henry L. and Mary L. The last two are twins. CHAS. E. MESSERLY. Mayor of Sedalia, Mo. Mr. Messerly is a native of Ohio. His father, Lewis F. Messerly, and mother, Elizabeth Messerly, nee Eberhardt, were both born in Switzerland, and came to America in 1842. They are now living in California, Mo. Charles was reared and educated in Ohio, grad- uating at New Philadelphia High School, in 1869. He immediately came to Sedalia, and engaged as salesman with Major Wm. Beck, one of the first dry goods firms in the city. He remained in the same capacity until 1876, and then became a partner. At this time the new business house on the corner of Second and Osage streets was opened for their use. The firm of Beck & Messerly is one of the best established general stores in this portion of the State, and through their thorough business qualities and long experience, they secure a large and valuable trade. Mr. Messerly is a voung man of bright promise. He came to Sedalia with naught but his personal energy and integrity, and by close attention to business, has taken a high station among the enterprising men of this growing city. His popularity may be inferred from the fact that he was elected Mayor of Sedalia, April 4, 1882, by a handsome Republican 700 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. majority, when the city had for two years been under the rule of the other party. As a social, genial gentleman, Mr. Messerly has rare quali- ties, and an exemplary influence upon those with whom he mingles. Mr. Messerly is a member of the Granite Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of this city; also of the Sedalia Rifles, holding the office of Sergeant of the same. ABRAHAM MEYER. Lumber merchant, Sedalia. Was born in Prussia in 1829. His father, Peter A. Meyer, came to America in 1830, locating in St. Louis, Mo., where he engaged in operating a foundry until the time of his death, in 1851. Abraham was reared and educated in St. Louis, with the excep- tion of one year in the State University, at Columbia. In 1850, he went to California, where he remained two years, when he returned to St. Louis and engaged" in the leather business until 1859. During the early part of the war he was appointed Assistant Assessor for the United States, for Henry, Benton, St. Clair, Polk, Dallas, Laclede and Hickory Counties. In the year of 1863, he came to Sedalia, and went into the hide, leather and saddlery business, which he followed until 1872, when he engaged in the real estate business, which he followed only for a short time. During the succeeding year he organized the First Building and Loan Association of Sedalia. In 1873, he engaged in the lumber busi- ness, which he has continued successfully to the present time. Mr. Meyer is the owner of considerable real estate in Sedalia, and his many transac- tions in that line of business net him a fine profit. He made one addition to the city, known as Meyer & Kahr's Addition. Mr. Meyer is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and also an original member of the First Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1852, to Miss Adaline Lumley, of St. Louis, and a native of Louisville, Ky. In 1878, he and his wife visited the old country, attending the Paris Exposition, and visiting England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Belgium, Holland, Prussia and Swit- zerland, which is now a source of great satisfaction to him, as his com- panion was called from him soon thereafter. The death of his wife occurred June 16, 1881. He was an honorary delegate to the Paris Expo- sition. PETER R. MEYERS. Of the firm of Vitt & Meyers, dry goods. Mr. Meyers is a native of Cole County, Mo. His father, Peter S., was a native of Germany, now a resident of Sedalia. His mother was also a native of Germany'. Peter R., the subject of this sketch, was educated in Cole County, Mo., where he learned the printing business in his youth. In 1871 he entered the First National Bank, pf Sedalia, as bookkeeper, where he remained one HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 701 year, when he entered the dry goods house as salesman where we now find him. After the first year he bought an interest in the business, since which time he has been an active partner in the house. Mr. Meyers was married in 1874 to Miss Bianka Frish. They have two children, Ida A., Leo C, one deceased. Mr. Meyers is a member of the Catholic Knights. DR. ROBERT TEVIS MILLER. Oldest merchant in Sedalia, was born in Richmond, Ky., Nov. 19, 1831. His parents, James E. and Harriet F. Miller, were born and reared in Madison County, Ky., where they resided until 1844, when they removed to Missouri and located on a farm near where Tipton now stands, in Moni- teau County. The subject of this sketch received his academical educa- tion at the State University of Missouri, where he prosecuted his studies four years under the able administration of James T. Thanon. He after- wards took the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the St. Louis Medical College, spring of 1860, and attended a third course of lectures at the same college in 1863. Was united in marriage to Miss Nellie M. Hutchin, of Detroit, Mich., May 28, 1861. He had the misfortune to lose his wife October 2, 1880, leaving four girls, Jeannie T., Julia K., Hattie and Katie B. After graduating he engaged in the practice of medicine at Tipton, Mo., where he had a drug store and near by a farm, which he cultivated by slave labor under the management of an overseer. During the fall of 1860, business becoming very dull at Tipton, he concluded to look out another location for the sale of drugs and practice of medicine, and came to Sedalia prospecting. He was well pleased with its location, &c, and was induced by Gen. Geo. R. Smith, with whom he boarded, to purchase a lot, which he did at once, and bought the lot now occupied by Bixby & Houx, of Mr. Wm. Nichol, now cashier of Commercial Bank of St. Louis, for two hundred dollars, and at once commenced the erection of his drug store, a story and half building. He bought a small stock of drugs of John A. Read, who was in the commission and forwarding business, and rented one side of his store room until he could build, which enabled him at once to commence the sale of drugs and practice of medicine. After having opened out in his new house his stock of drugs, which was about the 1st of March, 1861, Mr. W. E. Bard, his present partner, applied to him for a situation as clerk in the drug store ; he was accordingly employed at a salary of fifteen dollars per month and board. After the expiration of one year he was taken in as a full partner in the drug business, and the partnership has continued from that day to this, now over twenty years. The doctor was the first physician, as well as druggist, to locate in Sedalia. The war breaking out, and his overseer on the farm near Tipton, having abandoned his situation, the doctor was compelled to return to his old 32 702 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. home and take charge of the farm and negroes in person and leave the. drug store in the hands of his partner until the close of the war, when he again resumed the drug business at Sedalia. In 1873 he entered the political arena and was elected Mayor of Sedalia over his competitor, Major ,Wm. Beck, by a large majority. During the same year he was elected a member of the Board of Incorporators of the Female Orphan School at Camden Point, Mo. October, 1879, he was elected the first President of the State Pharmaceutical Association, and was re-elected the folio wing year. Was chosen Vice-President of Pettis County Bank, 1880; was married the second time to Miss Margaret T. Henderson, daughter of the Rev. J. T. A. Henderson, May 23, 1882, at Sedalia, Mo. C. MITCHUM. Was born in Woodford County, Ky., in 1841. His father, John Mitchum, was a native of Kentucky also. His mother, Julia, nee Davis, was a native of Maryland. C. Mitchum, the subject of this sketch, came to Lexington, Mo., in 1842, with his parents. He was raised principally in Andrew County, Mo. In 1861 he entered the Confederate army in Gen. Morgan's command and served four years, except nineteen months, when he was a prisoner. During his soldier life he was twice wounded. After the war he remained in Kentucky until 1866, when he returned to Sedalia. Since which time he has spent a good portion of his time in farming and dealing in stock. He was married in 1870 to Miss M. A. Wood, a daughter of Watson Wood, one of the early settlers of this county. They have six children, John A., Eva, Ada, Dovey, Mary E. and Virginia. THOMAS J. MONTGOMERY, (deceased^ One of the remarkable men of his age, the latter part of whose life was closely identified with the history of Sedalia, was Dr. T. J. Montgomery. His strong character and remarkable individuality has left indelible impressions upon the city, whose growth he had seen from its infancy, and whose society he had done so much to elevate and adorn. Possessed of a mind of rare cultivation and stored with the richest gems of knowledge, Dr. Montgomery was at once conspicuous for his social virtues and his Christian graces. A steadfast friend, a tender husband, a consistent, earnest Christian, and a devoted father, he filled his sphere in life in a way which ennobled himself while benefitting mankind. Few men of his age and country have passed through a more chequered career, or one which involved the elements of a nobler manhood. In the years of his long residence in this county, his strong character and pre- vailing sense of duty has done much to fashion the social and moral opinions of the community, and wherever the imprint has been felt it has been alike effective for good, and happy in its influence. Dr. Montgom- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 703 ery was born in Danville, Ky., on the 9th day of August, 1812. In 1814 his father started to move from Danville to St. Louis, but owing to the distracted state of the country, from the war then waging between the United States and Great Britain, concluded to stop in Springfield until the war was over, where he remained until he died in 1826. About the time of his father's death Dr. Montgomery met with an accident, which ever afterward had a marked effect upon his life. We give it in his own lan- guage, from a hastily written sketch of his life, prepared by him at the importunity of his son : "When I was in my fourteenth year I was sent to school some five miles from town, in the country, boarding out five days in the week and returning on Friday evening. Being very fond of fishing, I frequently spent part of the night on the creek. One night, late in the fall, I and another boy went out fishing, and the night being cold, we built quite a large fire. I soon tired ot fishing, and the other boy not being willing to go home so soon, I laid down by the fire, with my back near it, and fell asleep. I slept an hour or two, when I awoke and found that it had been raining, a drizzling, cold rain. I was very cold, except my back, which, being near the fire, was intensely hot, while my feet were cold and numb, but, boy-like, I thought nothing of it, and went to my boarding house. In a few days I was taken with a pain in my back, which gradually developed into curved spine. For three years I never knew what it was to be free from pain, day or night. Between the disease and the doctor, my life was a torture. At the end of three years my pains left me, but I was a deformed cripple for life. No one can tell the mental anguish I now suffered. During my confinement of nearly three years I had been almost a constant reader, devouring everything I could get hold of in the form of a book. My mind was well stored with general information, but my prospects for future success very gloomy. Mother was very poor, a large family to sustain, but some how or other, under the Providence of God and the occasional assistance of friends, I managed to pick up a pretty good education, and at the age of eighteen commenced the study of medicine with Dr. E. B. Gaither, of Springfield, Ky. I remained in his office, except when at home assisting my mother, until the fall of 1833, nearly three years." Years afterward, when he had grown to be a middle-aged man, and his fortunes in life were made, in speaking -to a young friend— himself deformed — of that great misfortune of his youth, he said, in his quaint, expressive way: "It was for twenty years the horror of my life, but I have outgrown it now, as you will yours in time. It is a great deal better to be lame in the back or feet than in the head." But the encouraging words were accented with a touch of pity or regret, and it is doubtful if the shadow of that youthful affliction was ever completely banished from his life. No one upon whom the finger of Providence has fallen will ever escape its memory. But it stimulated him 704 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. to exertions that wrested from the jaws of affliction the triumphs of a well- spent life. Others might have given up and fallen by the wayside — it has been the fate of many — but it had no power to swerve his evenly bal- anced character from the path of duty, or to curb the activity of a mind bent upon achieving its appointed work. An important auxiliary in this result was his early and happy marriage. No influence upon man's des- tiny is so effectual for good, as that of a pure and noble woman's love. Of this event, his manuscript says: In 1836, I met Miss Emily Flournoy, daughter of Mathew Flournoy, deceased, at a party, and fell over head and ears in love with her. She was then in her 18th year. I paid her very close attention, and in 1837 proposed and was accepted by her. She told me, however, that her mother would oppose the match on account of my poverty, and being burdened, as she expressed it, with another family — my mother's. I was very much in love, and told her that if she would stick to me we would marry anyhow. She promised, and I redoubled my exertions in business. In the fall of that year I went to Louisville and attended a course of medical lectures at the Louisville University, and having practiced suc- cessfully four years, was allowed by the rules of the school to be a candi- date for graduation. I graduated without any difficulty, in 1838. I must, in passing, say to my own credit, although it may look like self-praise, that in my graduating thesis, I took a position in the treatment of the disease on which I wrote, twenty years in advance of the day, and was regarded as a medical heretic. I believed, however, that I was right, and to my great satisfaction, twenty years after, it became the approved treat- ment, and so continues to this day. I got no credit, however, for it, as my essay slumbered in the archives of the medical institute, and somebody else made the same discovery that I had made, published his treatment and took the honors, and even he is now forgotten. In the spring of 1838 he married Miss Emily Flournoy, and in the years that followed he learned to treasure his pure and noble wife as his greatest earthly possession. From that time on his course was but a repetition of the vicissitudes which fall to the lot of struggling humanity all the world over. It had its crosses and trials— its successes too;' for what life is so severe that it has no sweets. At the time of his marriage he was prac- ticing his profession in Maxwell, a small town in Washington County, Ky., but about a year afterwards, moved back to Springfield, where he con- tinued in the practice until he moved to this State in the fall of 1857. He first settled on a farm on Heath's Creek, about fifteen miles north of Sedalia, but soon tiring of this, he in 1859 moved to Georgetown. He here opened a drug store, and practiced medicine until the spring of 1853. In 1862 he suffered his next and greatest bereavement in the death of his wife, but with a large family of young children he continued to reside in Georgetown until in the spring of 1863, when his daughter, Georgiana, who had kept house for him and cared for his children, sickened and died. The whole county was then torn in pieces by the civil war. From the HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 705 very beginning, Dr. Montgomery was firm and outspoken in his feelings and opinions, and believing the time had come when even he should do his share in the common cause, he moved his children to St. Louis, and accepted the position of Surgeon in Col. Philips Seventh Regiment, M. S. M. He served with the regiment until the close of the war, being the Medical Director of the District of Central Missouri. While stationed at Warrensburg, he met there Mrs. Amanda Smith, to whom he was married on the 26th day of April, 1864. In 1865 he was mustered out of the service and moved to Sedalia. He at once entered upon a large and lucrative practice, and before many years ranked with the ablest and best men of his profession in the State. In 1872 his health began to fail him, and before long his complaint developed with Bright's disease of the kidneys, and on the 18th day of May, 1878, he died — honored and loved by all who knew him and calmly confident of the well-earned plaudit — "well done, good and faithful servant." In politics Dr. Montgomery was an Old Line Whig until the dissolution of that grand old party compelled him to seek other affiliations, when he allied himself with the Democrats. But he was never a partisan. His conservative cast of character always led him to oppose the extremists of both sections, and fired with that spirit of conciliation and compromise which was so dear to the followers of Clay, the true solution of our sectional troubles. In 1866 Dr. Montgomery was elected an Alderman of Sedalia and was re-elected in 1869, and in 1871 was nominated and elected by the Democratic party to the Mayoralty. These were perhaps the only public offices that he ever filled. Yet his wise and inflexible administration of the laws, and his high sense of duty, made him a very popular magistrate. Recurring to this period of his career, he says in his autobiography: The office of Mayor was a vexatious and troublesome affair, and always will' be to a man who wishes to honestly discharge its duties. I found it to bring many more kicks than coppers, and the only pleasant memory I have of it is that at the close of my term the officers of the city, with the Board of Aldermen, presented me with a beautiful gold watch as a token, they said, of my fearless and honest discharge of the duties of my office. Dr r Montgomery joined the Presbyterian Church under the ministra- tion of his brother, Rev. Dr. Montgomery, in the early part of 1840, and was an active and zealous member of that church, as long as he lived, having served as an elder for some twenty years. Dr. Montgomery left, surviving him, his widow, Mrs. Amanda J. Montgomery, and three sons and four daughters, all of whom reside in Sedalia, except the wife of Anthony Haynes, Esq., who lives in Boonville. JOHN MONTGOMERY, Jr. Was born August, 1844, in Springfield, Ky. His father, Dr. T. J. 706 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Montgomery, was born in Kentucky, as was his mother, whose maiden name was Emily Flournoy, and who died in 1862. His father came to Pettis County in 1857, and died in Sedalia in May, 1878. John, the sub- ject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Georgetown, this county, and in 1865 he took up the study of law with Col. John F. Philips, of Sedalia. In June, 1868, he was admitted to the bar, and began the prac- tice of his profession. In 1873, he was appointed attorney for the M., K. & T. Railway Company, and served, in that capacity until their consolida- tion with the Missouri Pacific. In 1880, he, in connection with J. C. Thompson, bought out the Sedalia Gas Light Company, and have since been the sole owners and operators of that enterprise. Mr. Montgomery is also largely interested in real estate in the county. He belongs to the different lodges of the Masonic order, and has just been elected Master of the Granite Lodge, Sedalia. He was married in November, 1868, to Maggie M. Sneed, daughter of John M. Sneed, an old settler and promi- nent resident of Pettis County. As a lawyer, Mr. Montgomery occu- pies a leading position. Patient and thorough in investigation, ever vigi- lant, earnest and persuasive before court and jury, he is generally success- ful in his causes. Standing as he does in the prime of life in vigorous health, his ability as a lawyer established, with a lucrative practice which has already yielded him a life competence, we predict for him an honor- able, useful and brilliant future. He has two children living, Lee and George, and two deceased. GEN. BACON MONTGOMERY. Is the oldest member of the press of Pettis County, though still a man in the prime of mental and physical vigor, still in the harness after twenty- five years of newspaper work. During the war he was a Union soldier; made a splendid record, and attained the positions of Major of Volunteers and finally of Brigadier General of State militia. He started and ran the first paper in the county, in 1860, the Georgetown Independent. He is a practical printer. He had only a common school education, but his vig- orous common sense, his courage, his pride and enthusiasm in his profes- sion, his readiness and his ability to work, have made him one of the clear- est and most forcible writers of good English, in Central Missouri, and as good a reporter for a daily paper as there is in the West. In a town like Sedalia, where the editors and reporters are all known as individuals, the character and abilities of the man lend character and tone to the paper. Gen. Montgomery has given life, tone and characteHo the Weekly Times, the Daily Bazoo and the Daily Deniocrat, while in the position of local editor. The writer has worked with him, shoulder to shoulder, and has been filled with pride in his profession when he saw Gen. Montgomery always bold on the side of right, and always ready for any task in the line HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 707 of duty, no matter how hard, no matter what the hour, the weather or the difficulties of the task. At two o'clock in the morning, after eighteen hours of hard work, he will put on his rubber coat, buckle on a brace of navy revolvers, ride ten miles into the country at the head of a sheriff's posse in search of a murderer ; help to capture the criminal ; ride back home, and have the paper out by six o'clock in the morning, with a col- umn account of the deed, which he wrote and in some cases assisted in setting up. He knows everybody; he sees everything; he knows how to tell what he sees ; and he is never afraid to tell what he ought. Of the tasks that the editor and reporter must do, he can do them all well. He has gone through an amount of labor, physical and mental, that would kill ten "ordinary" men ; but at forty-five years of age he has not a gray hair; he weighs 175 pounds; has an eye as clear as crystal and a com- plexion like a school girl. He is married and has several children, and was raised in Pettis County. He is good yet for fifteen years of work. He has been local editor of the Daily Democrat at intervals for the past seven years. During his retirement I. MacD. Demuth and Wm. H. Mugford were local editors. PROF. WILLIAM H. MOORE, A. M. The subject of this sketch is manager of the Sedalia Business College. He was born in Green County, Illinois, March 17, 1851. His father, Amos Moore, was a native of New Jersey, and now is a resident of Jersey County, 111., and was one of the leading architects of that State and built the first house in Sacramento, Cal. The mother of Wm. H. Moore was a native of Ohio, whose ancestors dated back to Richard Lyman of Eng- land, who came to Plymouth in the Mayflower in the winter of 1620. Her maiden name was Clarisa Lyman. She died in the year 1875 at the age of seventy years. Wm. H. Moore entered the army as drummer boy when twelve years of age and served through the war. He was educated at the Illinois College, of Jackson. After he. graduated in 1869 he came West and engaged in the wholesale grocer}' business in Neosho County, Kas., which he continued about two years. In 1874 he was em- ployed by the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad Company as Secre- tary of their law department, with office at Parsons, Kas. After remain- ing here some time he resigned his position and went to Salt Lake City, where he took charge of the books for one of the largest mining and smelting companies in the country. Here he remained till 1876, when he came to Sedalia and took charge of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad Company's general ledger. In 1879 he went to Leadville, Col., and was engaged as paymaster and general manager of the Georgetown and Leadville stage line. Mr. Moore has had a large experience in com- mercial business circles all his life. In 1880 he returned to Sedalia and in 708 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. company with R. M. Fraker opened a general accountant's office, which proved to be a successful business. From this has grown the Sedalia Business College, which is elaborately noticed elsewhere. Mr. Moore was united in marriage Dec. 11, 1870, with Miss Josie Eller, of Indianapo- lis, Ind., daughter of Henry Eller of that city. They have one child — Nettie. Mr. Moore is of the best families of this country — the Beechers and Lymans. He is a gentleman of good business tact, who makes his calling a success. REUBEN H. MOSES. County collector of Pettis County. Was born in Cuba, New York, in the year 1838. He remained in his native State until 1853, when he removed with his parents to Rockford, 111. Here he engaged in contract- ing and building, which he followed until 1862, at which time he enlisted in the Federal' army, First Illinois Cavalry, and served for two years, being one of an escort for Gen. Steele, a portion of the time. At the battle of Lexington, Mo., the regiment was captured, with the exception of Company K, and was mustered out by special order. He again entered the service as 1st Lieutenant of Co. C, 146 Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the war in 1865.. During the same year, (1865), he married Francis De La Mater, a native of Ohio, and by her has five children, of whom three are living: Sadie, Charles F. and Reuben H, In the winter of 1865-66, he came to Sedalia, where he resumed his occu- pation as contractor and builder, and in November, 1870, he was elected clerk of the court of Pettis County, serving two terms of four years each. January 1, 1879, he opened the boot and shoe house of Moses & Van Wagner, in which he is still interested. In November, 1880, he was again called to serve as a public officer, being elected to the office of County Collector of Pettis County. Reuben H. Moses has proved faithful to every trust; and as a public officer he has served the people well. His father, A. G. Moses, now deceased, was a native of New York State He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and also a member of the Congrega- tional Church of Sedalia. CHARLES F. NEESON. Proprietor of the city mills. Mr. Neeson was born in Belfast, Ireland) in 1846. His father, Robert Neeson, still resides in the Old Country, aged 80 years. His mother, Susan, nee Gray, still lives. Charles Neeson came to America in 1870, locating in Cass County, 111., and engaged in milling one year, after which he came to Cooper County, Mo., where he again engaged in milling until 1875, when he came to Sedalia and bought an interest in the Farmers Mill, where he has since beenin business. Mr. Neeson was married in June, 1881, to Jane Franklin, of Sedalia. Mr. Neeson is a member of the I. O. O. F. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 709 CYRUS NEWKIRK. President of the First National Bank, Sedalia, Mo. Mr. Newkirk was born in Brown County, Ohio, March 12, 1821. His father, Henry New- kirk, was also a native of Ohio, who died when the subject of this sketch was a boy. When he became a young man he engaged as clerk in an iron smelting works at Hanging Rock, Ohio. He continued in this business about eighteen years, soon having become a partner in the firm. During this time he superintended two of the largest iron manufactories in that district. He first met Col. A. D. Jaynes, who also became a partner with him in the Vinton furnace, in Vinton, which they sold in 1861. From 1861 to 1865, he was engaged in the mercantile business at his old home in Brown County, Ohio. In the summer of 1865, he came to Missouri and spent between three and four weeks looking for a location with a view of locating upon a sife which was destined to become a great railroad center, and although Sedalia at this time was a small settlement, the wisdom of his choice in investing here and bending his energies to the accomplishment of his favorite project is well attested. Soon after coming here Mr. Newkirk and Col. Jaynes established the First National Bank, of which Mr. Newkirk has been either president or cashier ever since. They immediately secured the old charter of the road known as the TebO and Neosho Railroad, and organized a company which began building at Sedalia, in the direction of Ft. Scott. This is now the M., K. & T. R. R. These gentlemen were the prime movers in the enterprises which have resulted in making Sedalia the flourishing city and railroad center which it now is. He was married Dec. 19, 1849, to Rebecca Isaminger, a native of Ohio. They have six children, all living; Mary, the wife of S. S. Woodard, of Brook - field, Mo.; Emma, the wife of E. A. Philips, of Sedalia ; IdaB., at Wellesly College, Mass.; Lucy, Alice and Albert. Mr. Newkirk has ever been identified with enterprises calculated to build up the city and county; a man held in high esteem by his neighbors and fellow citizens. Although well up in years, he is still actively engaged in business, devoting the most of his time to the bank of which he is president. He has amassed a handsome fortune, and were it not for his habits of industry formed in his younger years, could well afford to retire from an active business life. He owns an elegant residence property, on the corner of Ohio street and Broadway, which is among the finest in the city, and one which would do credit to a much larger place. In 1847, Col. Jaynes became treasurer of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, which demanded so much of his time that Mr. Newkirk now took the position of cashier, and Col. Jaynes that of president. They each retained these positions until the . 19th of July, 1880, when Col. Jaynes ceased to be actively engaged in the 710 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. bank, (although still interested in it,) and Mr. Newkirk was again chosen president, which position he has ever since retained. GEO. B. NORTON. Of the firm of Norton & Green, grocers and provision dealers. Was born in 1839^ in Medina County, Ohio, and is the son of Birdsey B. Nor- ton, a native of Connecticut, who is still living at the old homestead in Medina County, having settled there in 1821, where George B., the sub- ject of this sketch, was born. His mother, whose maiden name was Emily M. Ward, was born in Canada, and died in the year of 1854. He was reared on a farm, receiving his early education in the district schools of that locality. He afterward attended Berea University, Ohio, after which he engaged in teaching school for some time. Young Norton completed his college course in 1859, and went to Wisconsin, where he engaged in the manufacture and sale of force pumps, which business he followed for three years. In the spring of 1872, he returned to his home in Ohio, and soon afterward enlisted in Company K, 103d Ohio Regiment Infantry. He was in active service until the close of the war, serving as Sergeant and Second Lieutenant, having been appointed about the close of the first year. He was soon after commissioned First Lieutenant, which he held till the close of the war, being most of the time in com- mand of the company. During his career as a soldier, Mr. Norton served under Generals Burnside and Sherman, taking part in the battle of Armstrong Hill, and also one at Greenville, Tenn., with the former, after which he was transferred to Gen. Sherman's command, and was with him during his campaign in Georgia. During his service in the war he escaped being taken prisoner, or severe bodily injury, although on many occasions his clothing was pierced by bullets, and at one time he lost the rim of his hat by a bullet passing through it and carrying it away. On Oct. 29, 1865, he was married to Miss Sarah R. Lamm, of Wayne County, O., and daughter of Phillip Lamm, of that place, and in November of the same year, accompanied by his wife, he came to Seda- lia. After a short residence here, Mr. Norton purchased a farm about four miles from Sedalia, where he was engaged in farming and school teach- ing until 1873, when he rented his farm and came to Sedalia, and for some time was engaged in selling family medicines and notions, traveling the greater part of 4 his time through Southwest Missouri. In 1876, he entered the Co-operative Store as salesman, where he remained until 1879, when he and Mr. Chas. O. Green, his present partner, bought the store, and have ever since been identified as the leading retail grocers of Sedalia. Their store is situated on Ohio street, between Second and Third streets,, and the stock of goods which they carry is not only one of the largest and most complete, but for quality and freshness their goods cannot be HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 711 excelled by any house in Sedalia. Mr. Norton belongs to the prominent lodges of the city, and he and his wife are members of the Congrega- tional Church. Mrs. Norton conducts a large millinery establishment on Ohio street, between Main and Second streets, where she has a large assortment of milinery and fancy goods. They have two children,. Willis C. and Lilian C. • JAMES M. OFFIELD. Of J. M. Offield & Co., hardware merchants. Mr. Offield was born in 1842, in Polk County, Missouri. His father, Lewis D., a native of Vir- ginia, located in Polk County, Missouri, in 1837. His mother, Martha, nee Spicer, was a native of Tennessee. Mr. Offield's ancestry are of English descent. J. M. Offield was educated at Bolivar, Mo. He after- wards served as a salesman for some years. In 1865, he came to Sedalia,. where he was ticket agent for the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad two years. In 1867 he entered the grocery house of Messrs. Hall & Beiler, where he remained until 1873, when he went to Sherman, Texas, where he engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, until 1879, when he returned to Sedalia, and engaged in hardware trade, which he still con- tinues. In 1880 he built the large brick block at the corner of Second and Osage streets, which is one of the very finest in the city, where he has a very extensive stock of hardware. In 1881 Mr. R. T. Gentry became a partner with him in this house. Mr. Offield was married in 1866 to AUie B. Gentry, daughter of Major Wm. Gentry, of this county. They have two children, Gentry, James M.,Jr. Mr. Offield is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and Knights of Pythias. Mr. Offield is a prominent business man of this city, and his large trade is evidence of his enterprise. A cut of his elegant business block on the northwest corner of Osage and Second streets is found on page 423 of this volume. RICHARD M. OLMSTED. Of the firm of Olmsted & Jefferson, livery and feed stable. Mr. Olm- sted was born in 1849, in Jersey County, 111. His father, Richard, was a native of New York State. His mother, Louisa, nee Crabb, a native of Tennessee. Richard M. began railroading when but a boy, and followed it for several years. In 1874, he came to Sedalia, and engaged in trans- fer business until the spring of 1882, when he, with his partner, built the large livery and sale stable, where they are now in business. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He was married in 1876 to Mattie Bowlin, of Versailles, Mo. They have two children, Wilson H. and Bessie P. DR. J. M. OVERSTREET. Was born Feb. 4, 1830, in Mercer County, Kentucky. His father, 712 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Robert Overstreet, died at his old home in 1855. His mother, Jane, nee Lowrey, was a native of the same State, and died in 1879, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. His father served in the war of 1812, under General Harrison, and was a personal friend of the General. Dr. J. M. was educated in the schools of the County where he was born, and in 1850 began the study of medicine. He graduated from the University of Louisville, Ky., in 1854. He afterward emigrated to Missouri, locating in the neighborhood of Smithton, Pettis County, ancfengaged in the prac- tice of his profession. Here he remained but a short time, when he went to Monmouth, 111., where he practiced medicine until the fall of 1860, when he returned to Smithton, where he remained until 1879, when he came to Sedalia, and here he has ever since remained. Dr. Overstreet was mar- ried in 1859 to Martha L. Philips, daughter of Rev. J. R. Philips, of Warren County, 111. His wife died Sept. 9, 1880. She was a very worthy member of the Presbyterian Church in Warren County, 111. She was buried in the Kirkwood Cemetery, Warren County, 111. He has three children living, named respectively : Harry, now with Myres Bros., druggists, of Kansas City; Robert R., Carrie, deceased, and Lena B. Dr. Over- street is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in high standing. COL. JOHN F. PHILIPS. Was born, Dec. 31, 1834, in Boone County, Mo., on the homestead founded by his father in 1817. His father was John G. Philips, who was a native of Virginia. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and partici- pated in the battles of Tippecanoe and the Thames. After the war he settled in Kentucky, and married Mary Copeland in Mercer County, Ky. In 1817 they moved to Boone County, Mo., where he lived until his death in 1867. He was a mechanic and farmer, successful in business and respected and honored by all. The subject of this sketch was his young- est child. He was reared upon the farm, and attended the usual district schools. He was also a student at the State University at Columbia, Mo, From there he went to Centre College, Ky., where he graduated in 1855. Returning home he read law under Gen. John B. Clark, Sr., of Fayette, Mo. In 1856-7 he located at Georgetown, Pettis County, then the county seat, where he practiced law until the outbreak of the war. In 1857 he was married to Miss Fleecie Batterton, of Danville, Ky., of which marriage there were born two children, Emmet and Hortense. Emmet graduated at the alma mater of his father, under whom he read law and attended the Columbia Law School in the city of New York. He is now practicing his profession in Sedalia. Miss Hortense is now attending Mrs. Cuthbert's Seminary in St. Louis. The State Legislature of 1860-1 called a Convention of Delegates from the Senatorial Districts " to con- sider the relation of the State to the Federal Union." Mr. Philips was HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 713 elected a member of that Convention, and although one of its youngest members he took rank in its deliberations as a debator and wise legisla- tor. In the war he warmly espoused the cause of the Union. He raised a regiment of cavalry and served through the war, commanding a brigade, part of the time, under Gens. Schofield and Pleasanton. In 1864, for gal- lant services in battle, he was appointed Brigadier General by Gov. Wil- lard P. Hall, and by Gen. Rosecrans placed in command of the District of Central Missouri, which position he held until mustered out in 1865. At the close of the war the Colonel resumed the practice of law at Sedalia, where he has ever since resided. In 1866 he and Judge Russell Hicks formed a partnership, and shortly afterward George H. Vest joined the firm, and he and Col. Philips continued together until lately, when Mr. Vest was elected to the Senate of the United States. As advocates they achieved a wide reputation and commanded all the practice they could do. In politics Col. Philips is a Democrat, and few men in Missouri have done more to lift high his party's standard than he. He opposed the Drake Constitution in 1865, canvassed with Gen. Blair in 1866; led the forlorn hope of the Democracy in his district for Congress in 1868, and through the disfranchisement of thousands of voters he was beaten, but his burning words of patriotism and invectives kindled a spirit that renewed the fight for this gallant leader, until in 1874 he was again nominated and triumph- antly elected to the Forty-Fourth Congress, in which he served with rare distinction. Many of his speeches show that he is a thoughtful scholar, of varied literary and practical information. Mr. P. was also a member of the Forty-Sixth Congress, and added much to his already large fame. Could he have been continued there he would have held such rank as to have reflected honor on his native State. He is one of the most attractive campaign speakers in his party, and his services are always in demand over the State. His literary attainments are rare. He has delivered sev- eral addresses before the colleges of Missouri and Masonic bodies that left pleasing and enduring impressions. In religion Col. P. is a Presby- terian. In 1 877 he was a delegate from the United States to the Pan Presbyterian Convention at Edinburgh, Scotland.. He then made a tour of the British Isles and the Continent of Europe, visiting their historic ruins and cities, courts and legislative bodies. He is now engaged in his pro- fession, and enjoys a practice second to few men in the State, and his re- peated successes at the bar indicate that he has a still brighter future. EMMET E. PHILIPS. Attorney at law. Is another of Sedalia's young and interprising attor- neys. He was born in Georgetown, Pettis County, Mo., March 2d, 1858, and is the son of Col. John F. Philips, whose biography appears on another page of this work. He was educated at the State University of 714 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Missouri, and Centre College of Danville, Kentucky, graduating from the latter in 1877. After he received his degree from this institution he com- menced the study of law in his father's office. He afterward attended Columbia Law School in New York and graduated from that institution in 1880. That young Philips is " a chip off the old block,-" is shown by his perseverance and rapid progress in his chosen profession. Being a close student, temperate, and endowed with a quick perception, he has already taken a stand among the practitioners of law, which may well command the respect of that fraternity. He was married Jan. 31st, 1881, to Miss Jennie Sheldon of Sedalia, a native of Chicago, 111., and a daughter of L. F. Sheldon of the Mutual Telegraph Company. EUGENE L. PHIPPS. The subject of this sketch was born Dec. 17, 1834, in Framingham, Mass. His father, Joseph Phipps, and mother were natives of the same town, as was also his grandfather. E. L. Phipps was reared and edu- cated in his native town, and at the age of seventeen years he went to Boston and was employed as salesman in a wholesale dry goods establish- ment of that city. He remained in that position about three years, after -which he spent about four years in the west . He then went to New York City and was in the house of H. B. Claflin & Co., as salesman for fourteen years, and in 1871 he came to Sedalia and bought an interest in the wholesale boot and shoe store of W. S. Mackey. Here he remained until 1876, when he engaged in the grocery business, which he has con- tinued until the present time. Mr. Phipps is a member of the Knights of: Pythias, The house of E. L. Phipps & Co. was opened in the spring of 1877. They purchased the large brick block on the corner of Ohio and Fourth streets, where they have ever since been engaged in business. The firm of E. L. Phipps & Co. keep a general provision and grocery store, and in connection with it a large and well assorted stock of queens- ware, and do a large and lucrative business. DR. WILL H. PIETY. Surgeon dentist. Dr. Piety is a native of Terre Haute, Indiana. His father, Aus. H. Piety, was a native of France, who came to America in 1840, and settled in Terre Haute, Ind., where he still resides. His mother was a Ramsey, of French descent; but she was a native of Terre Haute, Ind. Dr. Piety was educated in his native town. In 1877, he took up the study of dentistry, under Dr. Preston A. Ames, of Baltimore, Md. After graduating he practiced in Terre Haute until March, 1881, when he came to Sedalia, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 715 JOHN W. POHL. Brick manufacturer. Mr. Pohl was born Oct. 19, 1851, in St. Louis, Mo. His father, B. B. Pohl, was a native of Germany. His mother, Margaret, nee Helling, was a native of Prussia. John W. Pohl was reared in St. Louis, where he was brought up to the brick making and contract- ing business. In 1867, his father removed to Jefferson City, where he and John engaged in contracting and brick making until 1875, when John W. came to Sedalia, where he has followed the same business since. He manufactures over one and a half millions of brick per annum. Mr. Pohl is a member of the Catholic Knights of America. He and his wife, are members of the Catholic Church. He was married in 1878 to Jennie Burt, of Sedalia, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, a daughter of John Burt, now of Sedalia. They have one child, Harry B. THOMAS J. PORTER. Of the firm of Dalby & Porter, wholesale grocers. Mr. Porter was born in 1835, in Fleming County, Kentucky. His father, John S. Porter, was a native of Kentucky, now a resident of Sedalia, in his seventieth year, and has all his life been an active business man until within the past few months. His mother, Elvira, nee VanCamp, is still living. She was a native of Kentucky, also. Thomas J. Porter was reared and educated in Lexington,, Mo, graduating from Masonic College, Lexington, in 1853. He was for a time in the drug business in Lexington. Steamboated on the Missouri River, and was in various other kinds of employment until 1876, when 'he engaged as traveling salesman for J. M. Anderson & Co., wholesale grocers of St.. Louis, where he remained until March, 1882, when he engaged in the wholesale grocery house of Dalby & Porter. Mr. Porter and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of the A. O. U. W. He was married in 1859 to Miss Sallie Garoy, of Howard County, Mo. They have two children, Ella and Sallie. W. L. PORTER. Is a native of Boston. His father, Edward F. Porter, is a native of Boston, of which he is still a resident. It was he who built the Porter Block, corner of Main and Ohio streets, Sedalia. W. L. was raised and educated in Boston. In 1868 he came to Sedalia and engaged in the boot and shoe business, and having great, confidence in the future of Sedalia, encouraged his father to make investments in real estate here, which have proved to be good investments. In 1879 he sold out his store and has since given his entire time to real estate business. Mr. Porter was married in 1874 to Miss Nettie Rose of Boston. They have one child, Damon L. Mr. and Mrs. Porter are members of the M. E. Church. 716 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. JAMES RAMSEY. Restaurant and confectionery. Mr. Ramsey was born in 1846 in Ire- land. In 1851 he came to America, locating at Boonville, Mo. In 1861 he was in Pennsylvania, and enlisted in the Federal Army in the 112th Penn- sylvania Regiment, and served three years. Was once taken prisoner, but never wounded, although he saw hard service under his commander, Ben Butler. In 1864 he came to Pettis County and farmed until 1877 when he came to Sedalia, and has been engaged in the auction and com- mission business, until the fall of 1881, when he opened the restaurant and confectionery store where he is now in business. Mr. Ramsey is a member of the A. O. U. W., for which order he has been receiver for the past two years. Mr. Ramsey is in command of the Queen City Guards, of which he is a charter member. He was married in September, 1870, to Mary Clark, of Cooper County. , They have five children, Leonard, Florence, James H., Joseph B.. Nellie, and one deceased. DAVID RAMSEY. Was born, July 18, 1852, in Boonville, Mo. His father, Andrew Ramsey, was a native of Ireland, who came to Boonville in 1849. Now a resident of St. Paul, Minn. His mother, Sarah, nee Harley, was also a native of Ireland. David Ramsey was reared principally in Pettis County and educated at Boonville. After arriying at manhood he engaged in farming for a number of years. In the spring of 1875 he engaged in merchandising at Clifton, Mo. In May, 1877, he removed to Tipton, where he sold goods about one year, after which he came to Sedalia and engaged in grocery business for a time, after which he was in various kinds of business until 1880, when he was appointed clerk for the city of Sedalia, which position he held until the office was changed to that of Water Commissioner, in 1881, at which time he was appointed to that office and filled it until the spring of 1882. Mr. Ramsey was married Nov. 5, 1872, to Miss Sadie McCarty of Boonville, Mo., a daughter of William McCarty, one of the early settlers and prominent merchants of that city. They have two children, Maud and May. JULIUS RANTENSTRAUCH. Queen City Trunk Factory. Mr. R. was born March 27, 1849, in St. Louis, Mo. His father, Henry, was a native of Germany. Julius was reared in St. Louis, where he learned the trunk manufacturing business in his boyhood,*beginning at the age of fourteen years. In 1871 he engaged in business for himself in St. Louis, where he remained until 1878, when he came to Sedalia and opened the factory and store where he has ever since been engaged, on Ohio street, near Third. Here he manufactures HISTORY OF SBDALIA. 717 all kinds of trunks, valises, and everything in his line. His work took the first premium ever taken at the Sedalia fair. Mr. R. is a member of the the I. O. O. F. He was /married in 1872 to Anna Nichter, of St. Louis; they have three children, Alfred, Irwin and Walter. JOHN W.' RAYNOR. One of the most popular freight conductors of the Missouri Pacific, is the subject of this sketch, John W. Raynor. He is the son of Thomas Raynor, a native of England, but who emigrated to the United States in the fall of 1833. He first settled in Addison County, Vermont. He after- wards moved to Ohio, where he died in the year 1864. The subject of this sketch was born in Cornwall, Adison County, Vermont, Oct. 6, 1840. He received his education in the schools of Vermont and Ohio. After com- pleting his education he learned the carriage painter's trade. He followed his trade for four years, when he accepted a position as brakeman on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, where he remained about six years ; then, in the fall of 1872, he accepted a position as conductor on the St. Louis & Southeastern Railroad, remaining about eighteen months, when he went to the Wabash and accepted a position as conductor. In the spring ot 1875 he invented a car mover. At this time he was engaged for about one year in selling the right to his patent. He also invented a street car starter, and engaged for a few months in selling interests in the same. Mr. R. has also invented other patents. In the spring of 1878, he accepted a position with the Missouri Pacific, as conductor, which position he still holds. He was married April 28, 1868, to Miss Mary A.Gorman. From this union there were eight children, six of whom are now living, viz.: Helena, Frances, Geo. E., Ralph H., Mary G. and Robert! PROF. GEORGE W. READY. Born in Fulton Count)', Pa., Aug. 12, 1836. Son of Alexander Ready, who died at the age of forty, and Susan, nee Miller, still living in Fulton County, Pa. Prepared in a private Academy to enter the Sophomore class of Alle- ghany College, Meadville, Pa., and graduated from that institution in 1858. The same year he became Principal of Linwood Academy, near Lebanon, Tennessee, a large and flourishing institute; held this position till the out- break of the war. Studied law in St. Louis one year, and entered Michi- gan University, and graduated in the law department in 1865. Located in Nashville, Tenn,, and practiced law successfully two years. Came to Missouri in the summer of 1867, stopped in Sedalia, and in connection with his brother, opened an office, and continued practicing law till the organization of the public schools of Sedalia, in which event he partici- pated, entering upon his work then, which continued ten years. Under 33 718 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. his superin tendency the schools of the city became equal to the best in the State. Retiring from this position, he purchased property and opened what was known as the Queen City Seminary, northeast corner of Fifth and Lafayette streets. The year was a successful one, closing with sev- enty-five students. At the end of this year he enlarged his school build- ing, and united his school with the^ Collegiate Institute, under Prof. J. B. Van Petten, giving to the combined schools the name of Sedalia Seminary, which Institute has been in successful operation three years. In Masonic bodies he has been especially honored, having held the position of Master, High Priest, Thrice Illustrious Grand Master, and Eminent Commander. In church, he is a member and elder in the First Presbyterian Church of this city. Married to Miss Addie M. Dixon, of Meadville, Pa., daughter of Joseph Dixon, who was a soldier of the War of 1812, still living, hale and hearty, at the age of ninety-three years. They have one child, eight years of age, Addie May. Mrs. Ready is also a member of the Presby- terian Church. On account of Prof. Van Petten retiring, Prof. Ready assumes the entire control of the Sedalia Seminary. B. S. REMBAUGH. Proprietor Enterprise Mills. Mr. Rembaugh was born in Chester County, Pa., in 1848. His father, George D., was a native of the same place. His mother, Elizabeth McCutcheon, was a native of England. Mr. Rembaugh served in the Quartermaster's Department for a short time during the war. In 1869 came to Sedalia and engaged in the dairy business. In 1875 he went to California, where he was in the dairy busi- ness one year, after which he returned and was in the same business here until 1879, when he engaged in milling. In 1881 he built the mill known as "The Enterprise," where he is now employed. He was married in 1879 to Miss L. E. Maxon. They have four children — Alonzo E., Flor- ence, Carrie and Harvey. JUDGE CHARLES RICHARDSON. Insurance Agent. Judge Richardson was born Feb. 16, 1822, in Col- umbiana County, Ohio. His father, Joseph R., was a native of Pennsyl- vania. His mother, Lydia Meyers, was a native of Pennsylvania also. Judge Richardson was reared in Ohio. Graduated from Washington College, Pa., in 1846, where he was a classmate of James G.Blaine. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar as a practicing attorney, practicing at Hamilton, Ohio, for some years. In 1853 he built a paper mill at Middle- ton, Ohio; in 1856 was Mayor of the city, from 1"857 until 1861 he lived in St. Louis, Mo., after which he moved on a farm near St. Louis, where he remained until 1865, when he came to Sedalia. In 1866 he bought a farm near Sedalia, where he lived until 1873, when he returned to the HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 719 city, having been elected Judge of County Court in 1872. Since this time Judge Richardson has lived in the city, practicing law, dealing in grocer- ies and engaging in insurance business. Judge Richardson is at present a member of the School Board. He was married in 1851 to Hannah B. Graham, a native of Cincinnati, by whom he has six children living: Wm. G., now of San Francisco; Benjamin F. S., with Citizens National Bank, Sedalia; James G., Mary Belle, Charles, Anna S., and one deceased. JOHN B. RICKMAN. Butcher. Alderman of the Third Ward. Mr. Rickman was born in 1840, in England. His father, Edwin, came to America in 1847 and located in Monroe County, N. Y., where John B. was raised and educated. He went to California in 1860 and spent five years mining in California, Australia and New Zealand, after which he returned to Shawneetown, 111., and engaged in shipping stock for one year. In 1866 he came to Se- dalia and engaged in butchering and dealing in stock. He has gained . largely in flesh since coming here and now weighs 340 pounds. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, also Knights of Pythias. In 1879 he was elected Alderman from the Third Ward and again in 1881. He was married in 1869 to Annie L. Hill, of Sedalia. They have one child living, Mary N. PETER B. RIFFE. Was born in 1807, in Casey County, Ky. His father, Christopher Riffe, was born in Maryland, and was a Colonel in the battle of the Thames. He was afterward promoted to General, which title he retained until his death. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Casey, a native of Virginia. Peter B., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Kentucky, where he lived the greater part of his life on a farm, and after he had attained his manhood he followed it for many years. After Mr. Riffe left the farm he began the hotel business, in Danville, Ky., where he remained some time. He has filled creditably to himself and his constit- uents, every office which his county could bestow upon him, (with the exception of County Judge,) which fact will show the reader the character of Peter B. Riffe. In 1878 he went to Butler County, Kansas. Here he invested in lands and served two years as Magistrate, after which he came to Sedalia, and now makes his home with his children here. He was married to Julia A. Watkins, a native of Taylor County, Ky., in 1833, and they have four children living, named respectively: Bettie A., the wife of W. T. Cahill, of Sedalia; Roe A., the wife of C. H. Tucker of Sedalia; Jno. W., now of Augusta, Kansas; Doca E., the wife of Jno. W. Garner, of Louisville, Ky., and six deceased. Peter B. Riffe and wife were early members of the Baptist Church. 720 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. COL. RICHARD RITTER. The subject of this sketch, Col. Richard Ritter, was born near Peters- burg, Sangamon (now Menard) County, 111., Feb. 4, 1832. His father, John Ritter, was a native of Kentucky, where he resided until 1828, when he removed to Illinois and continued to reside there until his death, which occurred in 1852. His mother, Malinda, nee Watkins, was born and reared in the State of Illinois, arid died in 1845. John Ritter was a farmer, and young Richard grew up strong of limb, muscular, full of ambition, nerve and courage ; hard working, industrious and intelligent. On attain- ing his majority, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Havana, 111., and continued in that business until 1856, when he was married to Miss Jane Rule, daughter of Samuel Rule, of Mason County, 111., and of this mar- riage there have been born three children, of whom two are still living: Alice M. and Richard H., one having died in infancy. In the same year (1856), he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, of Mason County, 111., and during four years discharged the duties of that office with integrity and ability. In 1861 he raised a company of volunteers, of which he was elected Captain, marched them to Camp Butler, Illinois, arriving there August 2d, being the first company that rendezvoused in that camp. His company was eventually assigned to the 28th Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers, designated " Company A," and ordered south October 28th, 1861. February 6th, 1862, Capt. Ritter, in command of his company and accompanying his regiment, participated in the capture of Foits Henry and Heiman, displaying considerable tact, skill and courage in the manage- ment of his men in action, and seven days later, (Feb. 13th), while in com- mand of a detachment of 48 men, he met and engaged a squadron of Confederate Cavalry, under Col. Miller, at Little Bethel Church, Tenn., and, after a stubborn contest, defeated the enemy, inflicting serious loss. In the battle of Shiloh, Tenn., April 6th and 7th, 1862, the 28th Illinois Infantry was conspicuously engaged, occupying the peach orchard, and for hours holding the ground against fearful odds. Captain Ritter Was in command of his Company and lost twenty-one men, killed and wounded. Lieut-Colonel Kilpatrick, of the 28th, was killed in the first day's fight, and immediately after the battle Col. Johnson called together the commissioned officers of the regiment to elect a Lieut-Colonel. Dur- ing the terrible ordeal through which the regiment had passed in that san- guinary battle, Captain Ritter had acquitted himself with great gallantry and discretion and was by far the most popular officer in the command. The result was that Captain Ritter was nominated for Lieut-Colonel and received all the votes except two, notwithstanding the Major of the regiment was a candidate for promotion. Captain Ritter's bravery in front of the enemy had been so conspicuous that he was known through- out the entire brigade, and the news soon reached the Governor of Illinois, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 721 who, when the commission for Lieut-Colonel was brought to him for his signature, caused to be inscribed across its face : " Promoted for meritorious conduct at the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1862." October 5th, 1862, he was engaged in the battle of Hatchie River, Tenn., where he again did gallant service by leading his command in a charge across a bridge swept by the enemy's fire of grape shot from howitzers at short range. The result was a glorious victory for the Union forces, the capture of the enemy's position and 400 prisoners. But the loss to the gal- lant 28th was something painful to contemplate. Within thirty minutes ninety-eight men were wounded or killed, and among the wounded was Lieut. Col. Ritter. His horse was shot three times during the action, and the Colonel received a wound during the charge, from which at times he still suffers great inconvenience and pain. He was in Grant's celebrated march from Bolivar, Tenn., to Holly Springs and Waterford, Miss., in November and December, 1862; he was engaged in the siege of Vicks- burg from June 11th to July 4th, 1863, and July 12th, engaged in a charge against Breckenridge's division at Jackson, Miss., losing out of a command numbering only 128 rank and file, 7? men killed and wounded. Sept. 1, 1863, participated in the capture ot Fort Beauregard at Harrison ville, La., and August 4th, commanded an expedition to Black Bayou, doing valu- able service. March 27, 1865, he commanded his regiment in the advance on Spanish Fort, Alabama, occupying the extreme right of the division and corps, and during the entire siege of fourteen days held that position, losing fourteen men killed and wounded, including two Captains. April 12, 1865, engaged in a skirmish at Whistler Station, Ala., which was the last fight in which the regiment participated. On the 10th day of May, 1865, Gov. Oglesby ordered four new companies to join the regi- ment, thus filling it up to the maximum, and Lieut. Col. Ritter was com- missioned Colonel. And now we come to the close of his military career; he had been continually in active service in the field from Oct. 28, 1861, a period of nearly four years, during which he endured privations and hard- ships that would have wrecked a less robust constitution. The war was over, and Col. Ritter, in August, 1865, resigned his commission and returned to his home in Illinois, and in December following visited Sedalia, and removed his family there in 1866. In that year he was appointed road commissioner by the Pettis County Court, and located all the roads in Pettis County leading to Sedalia. The town was fenced in on all sides with scarcely a thoroughfare in any direction, and as the old settlers were strenuously opposed to the location of roads along the section lines, it required the exercise of considerable tact and much good humor and patience in dealing with them. From 1867 to 1870 he was a member of the Sedalia Board of Education, chairman of the committee on buildings, and superintended the construction of Broadway and Franklin school 722 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. buildings. When he first came to Sedalia he made extensive purchases of real estate and has since invested a large sum of money in /building up the city, and at present has large real estate interests in Sedalia and Pettis County. In 1868 he engaged in the lumber business, corner of Third and Osage streets, and, with the exception of one year, has continued in the business at the same place up to the present time. Col. Ritter is a shrewd, enterprising business man, and has applied the methods of military science to his business affairs, and the result is the most perfect order and system in every department. His home life is beautiful. Surrounded by every comfort and convenience, and with abundant means to meet every require- ment, he there finds relief and rest from the cares and vexations which inevitably follow in the train of active business pursuits, and enjoys the companionship so dear to the heart of every true man. In all his works and ways he is honorable, truthful and just, a kind husband and father, a consistent and faithful friend, a useful citizen, and an honest man. WILLIAM H. ROSS. Real estate. Mr. Ross was born April 5, 1838, in Summerset County, Pa. His father, Mark Ross, was a native of Pennsylvania. His mother, Hattie A. Ross, nee Snyder, was also a native of Pennsylvania. Wil- liam H., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Illinois and educated at Bloomington, 111., where he engaged in merchandising until 1872, when he went to Carbondale, 111. In 1875 he came to Sedalia, where he has since been engaged in the real estate business. He was married in 1864 to Mary C. Toms, of Bloomington, 111. They are both members of the Chris- tian Church. They have five children, George C, Charles T., Edmond, Gilbert, Nellie. During the war Mr. Ross served in the United States army one and a half years. GEORGE C. ROSS. Of Ijie firm of F. E. Hoffman &"Co. Insurance. Mr. Ross was born in 1828 in Bedford County, Pa. His father, Mark Ross, was a native of the same place, as was also his mother, Hester A. Ross, nee Snyder. In 1850 Mr. Ross, together with the family, removed to Bloomington, 111. In 1852 he went to California, where he was engaged in stock business and mining until 1866, when he returned to Bloomington and engaged in in- surance until 1875, when he came to Sedalia, where he has since been en- gaged in insurance. Mr. Ross was married in 1859 to Mary Flanary. They have four children living, William E., Emma G., Annie F., Frank C, and three dead. SIMON P. ROWLETT. Simon P. Rowlett, son of John Rowlett, a native of Kentucky, was HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 723 born April 8, 1824, in Henry County, Ky., lived with his father until 1845, learning his trade and working at the business of manufacturing and lay- ing brick. When he became of age he commenced the busines in all of its branches on his own account. During his boyhood his father moved to Putnam County, Ind., followed brick-laying until 1842, when he re- turned^ to his former residence in Kentucky, the name of the county being changed to Trimble. Here he continued the business in Trimble and ad- joining counties until May, 1852, when he moved to. Louisville, Ky. On Nov. 8, 1850, he was married to Lucy A., daughter of Monarch and Ann Murphy, of Trimble County, Ky. On the 16th day of November, 1851, his first son, Alonzo B., was born (six months before moving to Louisville). At the latter place his son George W. wag born, Feb. 22, 1854. In December, 1854, moved to Pettis County, Mo.; settled near Longwood, purchased a farm and followed farming and brick-laying un- til the commencement of the war. In 1862 he was appointed Postmaster of Longwood, which office he held until he moved his family to Mattoon, 111., in 1863. At this place he followed his trade — brick-laying — exclu- sively until 1866, when he went to Lebanon, St. Clair County, 111. Here he built several public buildings— M. E. Church, Gymnasium for the Mc- Kendree College; also a fine residence. In 1867 he returned to Missouri — to Moniteau County — where he built the court house for that county. In 1868* he returned to Pettis County, manufactured the brick for and erected the residence of A. D. Jaynes, C. Newkirk, A. Parker and Charles Lesher, all of which are on Broadway, Sedalia. Mr. Rowlett has built several fine buildings in Pettis and adjoining counties, viz: Charles Leon- ard's residence, Latour's Block and D. H. Smith's business house. The names of Mr. Rowlett's children who were born in Pettis County are John M., born May 12, 1857; Wm. A., born Aug. 27, 1859; Mary F., born Feb. 21, 1862. Frank H. was born Feb. 19, 1865, in Cole County, 111.; Anna May, Aug. 17, 1868'; Lucy, Sept. 10, 1871, in Pettis County, Mo. Anna May died Dec. 25, 1869, and was buried at Knobnoster. Lucy A., mother of the above named children, died May 29, 1872, at Brownsville, Saline County, the family being there temporarily while Mr. Rowlett was engaged on several buildings. July 16, 1874, Mr. S. Row- lett was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, who had two children whose names were Estella and James. Estella was born Dec. 5, 1858, and James was born Jan. 31, 1861. Alonzo B. Rowlett was married to Estella, daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth C. Rowlett, Nov. 16, 1878. Alonzo B. suc- ceeds his lather in contracting and brick-laying. Mr. S. P. Rowlett now gives his attention to gardening and fruit-raising in the suburbs of Sedalia. Ye masons that work in stone, mortar and brick, And lay your foundation deep, solid and thick, Though hard be your labor yet lasting your fame; Both Egypt and China your wonders proclaim. 724 HISTORY OF SEDAI.IA. FRANCIS A. SAMPSON. Attorney at law, Sedalia. Was born February 6, 1842, in Harrison County, Ohio. His father, Francis Sampson, was a native of Ireland, and came to America in 1823, and died in 1867. His mother was born in Wales, and is still living in Ohio . Mr. Sampson, the subject of our sketch* was educated at the College of the City of New York, graduating in 1865, with the degree of A. B., and three years later the degree of A. M, was conferred upon him. • He afterwards read law two years in the office of Lewton & Shepherd, in Cadiz, Ohio, at the expiration of which time he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Sampson was a zealous student, attending the law school of the University of New York, one year after his admit- tance to the practice of law, and graduating in 1868, at which time he was chosen valedictorian of his class, an honor of which he may well be proud. He then came to Sedalia, Mo., and engaged in the practice of his profes- sion with his brother, A. J. Sampson, who had preceded him to Missouri, but who is now in Denver, Colorado, and who was the first Attorney- Genera] of that State. After his brother left Sedalia, Mr. Sampson con- tinued his practice alone. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fra- ternity, has served two years as High Priest in Sedalia, Chapter No. eigh- teen. At present is Worshipful Master of Sedalia Lodge No. 236. He was married July 19, 1869, to Harriet T. Lacey, nee Maiden, of Wolver- hampton, England, widow of Wm. B. Lacey, deceased, of the wholesale dry goods house of Chambers, Stevens & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. She has three children living by her first husband, William B., Walter M. arid Harry H. Mr. Sampson has by her two children, one living, Belle; Leroy Vernon died suddenly at Sweet Springs, June 28, 1879, aged nine years. He is the possessor of one of the largest private collections of rare and valuable curiosities in Missouri. It consists of specimens from almost every kingdom from the mineral up. This he prizes highly, and to the lover of the studies of nature . it affords a field for hours of careful thought. His studies and researches in paleontology and conchology have been recognized by several species having been named for him. A land shell— Polygyra samfaoni — by Prof. Wetherby, of the University Of Cincinnati; A Cretaceous fossil — Ostrea samfsoni — by Dr. White, of the Smithsonian Institution, and a Pentrimite by Dr. Hamback, of the Washington University. He is a valuable contributor to the Kansas City ■Review of Science and Industry, and his articles are extensively read. Mr. Sampson is a man who is recognized as a leader of his profession. Possessed of a remarkable memory, his mind has become a store-house of legal and classic lore. It can be truthfully said of him, that he is a finished scholar, a profound jurist, able edvocate, polite and cultivated gentleman. In all the relations of life, as citizen, husband, father and friend he is true to his duties and obligations, and esteemed and honored by all with HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 725 whom he associates. Earnest and zealous as an advocate, he is, neverthe- less,, courteous and respectful to his brother lawyers and younger mem- bers of his profession. GEORGE H. SANFORD. Of the firm of ;Ritter & Co., lumber dealers. Was born in Baltimore, Md., in 1824. His father, William Sanford, was a native of Maryland, and ,his mother a native of Pennsylvania. George H. was reared and edu- cated in Washington City, and at the age of sixteen years he went to Se- dalia with his uncle, John L. Sanford. He remained away from home six years. . After he returned home he came West, and was for some time en- gaged in steamboating on the Mississippi River. In 1848 he came to Pike County, 111., and engaged in grain speculation until 1873, at which time he removed to Havana, 111., and was proprietor of a hotel for some time. In 1879 he came to Sedalia and bought the Jay Gould House, which he occu- pied until 1880, when he sold out the hotel and engaged in the grain busi- ness with the Hon. John T. Heard, of Sedalia. In the year 1881 Mr. San- ford bought an interest in the lumber yard owned by Col. R. Ritter, and in this business he is still engaged. He is a member of the Commandery, K. T. He was married in 1846 to Catherine A. Stallings, who died in 1863. By his first wife he has five children living, Mary E-, Elizabeth V., William H., Maggie V., and Ida.; two deceased. He was again married in 1864 to Susan M. Hayes, of Pike County, 111., a native of Massachu- setts, and they have three children, Eddie, now with Bullen, Carpenter & Co., Carrie, and Herbert. Mr. and M r ^- Sanford are prominent and highly .respected members of the Congregational Church. HERMAN SCHMITT. The subject of our sketch was born in Prussia, September 5, 1841. He is the son of Mathias J. and Agnes Schmitt, who, with their. family, Fred- rick, August and Herman, came over from Prussia in 1853, and settled in St. Louis, Mo. His father died in about one year after he arrived at St. Louis ; his mother died in 1862. His sister married Rudolph Lungstras in St. Louis, where they now reside. His brother, August, lives at Cat Spring, Texas. Mr. Schmitt learned the saddlery trade in St. Louis, and worked at it until 1869; he then came to Sedalia and opened the Wine Hall on Main and Osage streets, where he remained until 1879, then sold his business and stock. In 1880 he opened his fine and commodious saloon, No. 104 Main street, near Ohio, where he keeps a good and orderly house, and has" a lucrative business. He married Miss Lizzie Stickler, of ■St. Louis, Mo., by whom he has four children living, viz.: Ernest, born August 9, 1865; Selma, born September 3, 1870; Alexander, born March 29, 1873; Minnie, born November 14, 1875. 726 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. ANDREW J. SCOW. Is the son of Peter Scow, a native of Denmark. The subject of this sketch was born in Denmark, March 2, 1852, and is the third child in a family of seven children. He was educated in the schools of his native country. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Scow emigrated to America, settling at Jefferson City, Mo., where he engaged in railroading, first working with the work-train; afterwards was given a position as brakeman on the Mis- souri Pacific Railroad. In this capacity he served the company for about four and a half years, when he was again promoted, this time to the posi- tion of conductor, which position he has faithfully filled for three and a half years, and still holds. He was married September 28, 1878, to Miss Bertha Fitschen, a native of Ohio. From this union there were two children, only one of - whom is now living, viz.: Adolph C Mr. Scow is but a young man, but his faithfulness to his duties has made him popular with the higher officers of the road. BENJAMIN F. SETTLES. Mr. Settles was born in Bourbon County, Ky., in 1831. His father, John T., was a native of Kentucky also. His mother, Mary, nee Shrader, was a native of Kentucky also — a niece of Daniel Boone. B. F., the sub- ject of this sketch, came to Pettis County in 1865, and engaged in farming until 1882, when he bought an interest in the store of Clopton Bros., where he is now in business. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He was married in 1865 to Fannie L. Clopton, a native of Mis- souri, a daughter of Abner Clopton, one of the early settlers of this county. VICTOR E. SHAW. Attorney at law. Mr. Shaw is a native of Pettis County, Mo., and a son of B. J. Shaw, who settled in Pettis County in 1852. Victor was educated at Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, graduating in 1878, after which he entered law school at Ann Arbor, Mich., graduating in 1880. He immediately came to Sedalia and engaged in the practice of law. In May, 1880, he was appointed Notary Public. He is a young man of great promise and we predict for him a bright future. DR. GEORGE L. SHEPARD. Was born in July, 1842, in Westfield, Mass. His father, Lyman Shep- ard, was also born in the same town, where he now resides. His mother, Emily Shepard, nee Hubbard, was born in Weathersfield, Conn. Dr. Shepard is a great grandson of Gen. Shepard, of the Revolutionary War. He was reared and educated at Westfield, Mass., where he spent his boyhood days. He was among the "boys in blue" during the long and bloody war, and was a participant in many of its battles and skirmishes, HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 727 incidental to the four years of strife which followed the year 1861. After the war he attended the Ohio Dental College, where he graduated in the spring of 1866. For some time he practiced his profession in Indi- ana; afterward coming to Tipton, Mo., where for nine years he was engaged in the dental business, dividing his practice between Tipton and California, Mo. In 1876, Dr. Shepard came to Sedalia, where he has a large and increasing practice, and is esteemed very highly, both as a gentleman and a practitioner. He was married March 6, 1868, to Miss Louisa Livings, of Indiana, and daughter oFEverson Livings. They are consistent members of the Congregational Church, the doctor being a deacon. They have five children living. JUDGE WILLIAM S. SHIRK, Attorney at law. Mr. Shirk was born in 1843, in Franklin County, Pa. His father, Jacob Shirk, and his mother were natives of Pennsylvania. William S. Shirk, the subject of this sketch, was educated in Illinois. In 1863 he began the study of law, attending law school at Albany, New York, graduating in 1865, after which he came to Warsaw, Mo., and began the practice of law. In 1878 he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since resided. From 1874 until 1877 Mr. Shirk was Judge of the Circuit Court of the Seventh Judicial District. He was also Prosecuting Attor- ney qf that circuit for several years. Judge Shirk held various other, positions of trust, while a resident of Warsaw. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., also a Mason. He was married in St. Louis in 1868, to Miss Frances Hastain, of Henry County, Mo. They have three children, Bes- sie S., Maudie F. and William S. BEDFORD SHOBE. Grocer and provisions. Mr. Shobe was born in 1846, in Barrf n County, Ky. His father, Abel Shobe, came with the family to Pettis County, in 1848; died here in 1860. His mother, Martha, nee Anderson, is still living in this county. Here Bedford Shobe was reared on a farm. In 1876, he came to Sedalia and opened a grocery store, in which he has ever since been engaged. Mr. Shobe is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married in 1868 to Susan Warren, a daughter of James Warren, one of the early settler of this county. They have one child living, James M., born Feb. 12, 1870; one deceased, Ida, died in March, 1877, aged four years. ULYSSES F. SHORT. Attorney at law. Mr. Short was born in Tennessee, in 1847. His father, Monroe Short, was a native of Ireland. His mother, Lucinda, nee Harrison, was a native of Tennessee. U. F. was educated at Oxford, 728 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Miss., and attended law school at Lebanon, Tenn., graduating in 1869. Previous to this he had served throughout the late war, under General Forrest, of the Confederate army. In 1869 he came to Sedalia, where he engaged in the practice of law. In 1876 he formed a partnership with CoL Snoddy. Mr. Short owns one of the finest and best improved farms in the county; having a residence which cost over $15,000. Mr. Short was married in 1871, to Miss Emma Major, of Pettis County, daughter of B. R. Major, one of the early settlers of this county. They have one child living, Franklin; one deceased. Mr. Short is a member of the A. O. U. W. ROBERT J. SHY. City Marshal of Sedalia. Was born in Marion County, Mo., in 1841. D. J. Shy, his father, was a native of Kentucky, and is now living in Pet- tis County. His mother, Mary Ann, nee Overstreet, was also a native of that State. Robert J., the subject of this sketch, was principally reared in Pettis County. He attended school when the ground was the floor, and split logs were used for seats. His early life was spent on a farm, but in 1876 he sold his farm and came to Sedalia, and served as Deputy Sher- iff under Lemuel Murray for four years and nine months, at the expiration of which time he was elected City Marshal of Sedalia, and is still acting in that capacity, and is pronounced by all an efficient officer and conscien- tious gentleman. Mr. Shy was married June 2, 1864, to Theresa Reed, of Pettis County, daughter of William Reed, now of Cooper County, Mo. They have four children, all girls, named respectively: Cora Lee, Eva Augusta, Lenora M., Daisy and one deceased, a son five months old. JOSEPH D. SICHER. One of ,,Sedalia's most prosperous business men is the subject of this sketch, Joseph D. Sicher, of Austria. Joseph D. was born in Austria, March 21, 1842. When he was about ten years of age his father emigrated to America, landing at St. Louis; here the father located, and resided until his death. In the fall of 1862, the son, Joseph D., moved to Alton, 111., where he remained for about ten years. Then in the spring of 1872 he moved to Sedalia, where he has since resided. Mr. Sicher first embarked in the hotel and confectionery business, in which business he is still engaged. His hotel building is situated on the corner of Ohio and Third streets, and is a large three-story building. No house in Central Missouri has a better reputation with the traveling public than the Sicher Hotel. Mr. Sicher has been prominently connected with many of the public enter- prises that have made Sedalia what she is to-day. He was the originator and one of the first men to take hold of the project of building a street rail- road, said road extending the whole length of Third street from the Mis- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 82 & souri Pacific shops and offices in the east, to the park on the west. The line is in daily operation with a number of finely furnished cars. The Sicher Brothers own about two-thirds of the stock of said road. Another public enterprise with Mr. Sicher the prime-mover, was the establishment of the beautiful park in the western part of the city. The Brothers first bought fifty acres of land owned by Newkirk and Jaynes; this pasture (for that is about what it was) has been converted into one of the most beautiful resorts in the State. These ample grounds have been laid off in walks and drives ; the whole grounds have been beautifully ornamented with maple and other forest trees. Mr. Sicher has built a fine large Park Hotel, which building he has furnished elegantly, and is used for parties, dancing, etc. Mr. Sicher has leased to the Fair Association these grounds, for a number of years, to be used by the Association a certain number of days in each year. The reader will find a complete description of these beautiful grounds in the city history, page 508. Mr. Sicher was married, May 11, 1875, to Miss Leyser, of Alton, 111. ; from this union there are two children, viz: Harry D. and Camille. In business affairs Mr. Sicher, though a young man, is looked upon as having no superior in the city. He is generous, and is highly esteemed by his many friends. COMMODORE G. B. SIMONDS. Mr. Simonds was born at Bristol, New Hampshire, August 12, 1819. His father, John T. Simonds, was also a native of New Hampshire, and resided in Bristol up to the time of his death, which occurred about the year 1848. Young G. B. Simonds received his education from the schools of his native State, and at the age of thirteen commenced to learn the machinist and engineer trade in the Lowell machine shops. He was made foreman at the age of eighteen, and on leaving this position he accepted that of engineer on the Columbia and Philadelphia Railroad. After leaving this road he accepted a position as master mechanic on the Hudson and Berkshire Railroad, then became superintendent of motive- power machinery on the New York and New Haven Railroad, with residence at New Haven. In the summer of 1858, Mr. Simonds removed to Spring- field, 111., and became superintendent of motive machinery of the Great Western Railroad of Illinois. Mr. Simonds entered the United States military service under Gen. Fremont in the summer of 1861, as Assistant Supervisor of Railways of the Western Department. In February, 1862, he was transferred to the Mississippi flotilla and accepted a position in the command of a squadron of mortar boats under Commodore Foote. He was engaged at the siege of Island No. 10, Fort Pillow and the capture of Memphis, but after his fleet was moved to Vicksburg, he was ordered back and was assigned the command of the Navy Yard, Memphis, Tenn., having command of the fort when no ranking officer's vessel was in port. 730 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. In 1864 he resigned his command and returned to his family in New York. Coming west he established an Iron Rolling Mill, at Indianapolis, Ind. In Feb., 1871, he accepted a position as master mechanic on the Missouri Pacific Railway, and in April, 1873, removed his family to Sedalia, and built a fine residence on the southeast corner of Sixth street, and Wash- ington Avenue, now owned by Mr. Adam Ittel. He accepted and served as superintendent of motive machinery on the following roads: Hannibal and St. Joe, Cairo and St. Louis, Atlantic and Pacific. In the fall ot 1881 he returned to his familv in Sedalia, where he has since resided. October 15, 1845, he was married to Miss Rachel V. C. Clark, a native of Albany, N. Y. Their family consists of Sarah A., the eldest, and Mary F., now wife of A. H. Taylor, of Pike County, Ind. Mr. Simonds now resides on the corner of Osage street and Broadway. He is a man of superior native ability and force of character, and obstacles that would have crushed others only served to strengthen his purpose, and lead him to success. His principle of sterling integrity is well known, and he is highly respected by all. CHAS. W. SIMONS. Dealer in furniture, and undertaker. Is a native of Clermont County, Ohio, where he was born in 1852. James Simons, his father, was also born in Ohio, and came with his family to Sedalia in 1871 and is still a resident of this place. Chas. W. began the furniture business in Sedalia, but afterward went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and served an apprenticeship in that business . After he had served his term as apprentice he came again to Sedalia and in 1878 he opened a shop here. His store is situated on Ohio, between Fifth and Sixth streets, where he keeps a very select stock of furniture, coffins, etc. He makes undertaking a speciality. He was married in June, 1881, to Katie Breden, of Sedalia, daughter of Thomas Breden, of Pettis County. Mr. Simons is a member of the Knights of Pythias. ELISHA W. SINCLAIR. Alderman of the Fourth Ward. Was born in Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1833. His father, Samuel Sinclair, was also a native of New York. His mother, Martha, nee Bucklen, was a native of Vermont. E. W., the sub- ject of this sketch, left his home at the age of sixteen and went to New York City, where he worked on the New York Tribune constantly for twenty-three years. During the war he spent two years in the South as agent for the Tribune. In the fall of 1873 he came to Pettis County and bought a large farm and spent six years in farming. In 1879 he came to Sedalia, where he has invested largely in real estate. In April, 1881, he was elected Alderman of the Fourth Ward. He was married in 1872 to Martha Gairy, of New Jersey. They have one child, Linnie. He and HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 731 his wife are members of the Congregational Church, of which he is also an officer. HENRY C. SINNETT. Attorney at law, Sedalia. Was born in Granville, Licking County, Ohio. His father, Allen Sinnett, settled in that State in 1805 and died in 1851. Mr. Sinnett's ancestors on both sides were French Huguenots driven from France and seeking liberty and life in a free land. Allen's father, James Sinnett, first settled in Ireland, and then emigrated to America, settling in Massachusetts. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War and also in the War of 1812. The mother of the subject of our sketch was a native of Massachusetts, whose maiden name was Nancy Blanch- ard. Her father and mother were also driven from France by persecu- tion for their religious proclivities. Her father's name was Joseph Blanch- ard, who also was a Revolutionary soldier. In the War of 1812 he was largely interested in shipping and had six ships at sea, which were destroyed by the British. During this war his wife and family, who were living on an island off the coast of Maine, were compelled to flee from their home by the approach of the British, and escaped in an open boat to Belfast, nearly 500 miles distant by the route they were forced to take. Of the number thus escaping Nancy Blanchard was one. Henry C- was reared and educated in his native county, attending Granville Academy in his native town and also Denison University in Licking County; grad- uating from the former. He read law with Judge Buckingham and also Henry Stanburg, after which he attended Cincinnati Law School, gradu- ating from it with the class of 1861. He was admitted to practice the same year and located in Newark, Ohio, where he remained until 1865, in which year he came to Sedalia. Mr. Sinnett has met fine success as a practitioner. He has been practicing longer in Pettis County than any attorney in it with the exception of two, George Heard and O. A. Cran- dall. Mr. Sinnett was married in 1869 to Julia Leak, of Sedalia, but a native of Ohio. They have one child living, Harry B., aged eight years. JUDGE JOHN GRAND-GIRARD SLOANE. Was born on the 10th day of April, 1849, in the village of Mowrystown in Highland County, Ohio. Moved with his parents when but a year old to Winnebago County, 111., where he spent the next fifteen years of his life on a farm. Although but fourteen years of age when the war began, too young to enter the service as a regular soldier, he accompanied his father, who was a captain in the Seventy-Fourth Illinois Volunteers, and bravely endured all the hardships and dangers of the march, camp and battle-field. Was in the Perryville and Stone River battles, and other engagements and campaigns. On his return from the war, he removed 732 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. to Blackhawk County, Iowa, where he was engaged with his father in farming, until the autumn of 1867, when he came to Missouri, and soon after began the study of law. In the year 1869, he returned to Rockford, 111., where he completed his studies and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of that State in June, 1870. He immediately returned to Missouri and opened an office at Windsor, Henry County, and was mar- ried in the autumn of the same year, to Miss Arthusa Whitney, daughter of Dr. Whitney, who resided near Windsor. Their children are Minnie, and an infant. In the spring of 1872, he removed to Sedalia and opened an office for the practice of his profession. In the autumn of the same year he was nominated by the Republican party as City Justice and elected when Only twenty-two years of age. He occupied the posi- tion until the spring of 1876, when he was elected County Judge, which office he held until the expiration of his term. Judge Sloane gave the highest satisfaction as a judicial officer in both positions. After his term as County Judge had expired, he formed a co-partnership with Capt. L. L. Bridges, in the practice of law, which he continued until July, 1881, when in connection with his brother, W. A. Sloane, he bought out the Sedalia Times, which afterwards consolidated with the Sedalia Eagle, under the name of Eagle- Times, and of which paper he is now the editor and business manager. Judge Sloane obtained his education in the com- mon district schools of the country, and the high schools of Rockford, 111., and Cedar Falls, Iowa. He is what is known as a self-made man, and for one of his years has been signally honored by the community in which, he lives. He is a staunch Republican. As an editor he is considered a thorough success, a faithful worker and judicious in all his writings, which show literary ability and a thorough insight of human nature and public o-f+o I'l-O ANDREW V.. SMALL, M. D. Is a native of Lorraine, France, and in that place was reared and edu- . cated. He commenced the study of medicine in the University of Paris, where he graduated in 1839. He afterward entered the French army as surgeon, serving seven years, a portion of the tinrie in the African war. Upon leaving the French army in 1848, he emigrated to America, locat- ing in New Orleans. Here he remained until 185.'-!, when he came to Jefferson City, Mo. At Jefferson City Dr. Small was recognized as a surgeon and physician of no small merit, and remained in that place with a large and growing practice until 1858, at which time he went to Spring- field, Mo. At the beginning of the rebellion in 1861, he entered the Con- federate army as Chief Surgeon of Gen. McBride's division. He served in this capacity until 1863, when he was appointed Medical Inspector of Gen. Bragg's command at Corinth, Miss., and was assigned President of the Examining Board of the District of Texas, with headquarters at San HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 733 Antonio, where he remained until the close of the war. After the rebel- lion, Dr. Small left Texas and came to Lexington, Mo., and engaged in the practice of his profession until 1878, when he came to Sedalia. Although many other physicians and surgeons had established reputa- tions of long standing, Dr. Small's skill soon won for him a large practice, which has never deserted him, but has assumed such magnitude that it requires all his energy and will power to keep pace with his calls . It needs but a glance at the facts to see that Dr. Small has had opportunities to skill himself in his profession not often afforded American physicians, and it is not strange that he stands at the head of his profession. He has twice been married, having married in Europe and lost his wife in New Orleans. In 1855 he married Miss M. Parberry, of Jefferson City, Mo. By this union they have three children : Earnest J., now a stock raiser of New Mexico, Eddie N., graduate of Bellevue Medical College, N. Y., now practicing with his father, and Mary S. DAVID H. SMITH. Wholesale hardware, corner Main and Ohio streets. A business house was opened in 1866, by D. H. Smith and his- brother, H. C. Smith. In 1869 H. C. Smith withdrew, and since that time Mr. D. H. Smith has con- tinued his business alone. In 1877 he built the three-story brick on the corner of Main and Ohio streets, which he has occupied since its comple- tion. This house commands a large wholesale trade, keeping two men on the road constantly, having the largest trade of any hardware house in the city. David H. Smith was born in October, 1835, in Clark County, O. His father, D. J. Smith, was born in Scotland, and died in Ohio in 1879, at the age of eighty-four years. His mother, Sarah, nee Cory, was a native of Ohio, but of English descent, and is still living on the old homestead, in the seventy-fourth year of her age. Mr. Smith was reared on a farm, but in 1858 he engaged in the fruit tree business. Ifi 1862 he entered the Federal army, in the Commissary Department, where he remained for three years. In 1866 he came to Sedalia, and engaged in the hardware busi- ness, which he has followed ever since. David H. Smith began life with- out a dollar, and by honesty and industry he has won for himself the laurels which only such men deserve. Not only has he accumulated a fortune, but has taken his place among the foremost of Missouri's business men. He is now doing a business of $150,00 per annum. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Smith was married to Miss Laura Potter, of Greenville, O., in 1862, and by her has four children: Gertrude, who is at present attending school in Boston, Mass.; Jessie, Harry B. and George G. February 16, 1880, Mr. Smith was bereft of his wife. She was a devout member of the Presbyterian Church. .34 734 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. EZRA J. SMITH. Attorney at law. Was born in Butler County, Pa., on the 21st day of March, 1842. .His father, Robert L. Smith, was also a native of that State, as was his mother. Ezra J. Smith was educated at the schools' of De Wirt, Iowa, and at Cornell College,, Mount Vernon, Iowa. He began the study of law at De Witt, which he continued until the beginning of the rebellion of 1861, when he entered the Federal army in Company B, First Iowa Cavalry. He served in this regiment for about three years and six months, and during his service in that regiment was wounded in the right shoulder at the battle of Bayou Metoe, near Little Rock, Ark. This occurred on the 27th day of August, 1863. During Mr. Smith's career as a soldier, he served the greater part of his time in Arkansas and Missouri. In February, 1865, he received a commission, appointing him First Lieu- tenant, and remained until November of the same year, doing garri- son duty at Nelson, Ky. After the war he came to Osceola, Mo., and again took up the study of law under S. S. Burdette. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1866, and began the practice of his profession with S. S. Burdette, at Osceola. Here he remained, making rapid progress as a lawyer, until 1874, when he came to Sedalia, and was at once recog- nized as a cultured gentleman, and a young lawyer of great promise. He continued his practice successfully. Mr. Smith is a member of the M. E. Church. He was married December 19, 1869, to Mary J. Landes, of Osceola, Mo., a native of Mifflin County, Pa., and by this union have four children, named respectively: George R., Naomi C, Nelson C, and Edwin J. ROBERT C. SNEED. Attorney at law. Was born February 26, 1853, in Boyle County, Ky. His father, John M. Sneed, was also a native of Kentucky, and came to Pettis County in 1852, and is now a resident of this county. Robert was reared in Pettis County, educated at Westminster College, graduating with the class of 1872. He immediately took up the study of law on his return from college, reading in the office of Philips & Vest. In June, 1.873, he was admitted to the bar, and has since been practicing in Sedalia. Mr. Sneed, although quite a young man, has a very lucrative practice. In con- nection with his law practice, Mr. Sneed has a complete set of abstract books in his office, and deals extensively in real estate. He was married October 19, 1881, to Miss Maggie Montgomery, daughter of Dr. T. J. Montgomery, now deceased, for many years a resident of this county. JOHN B. SNEED. Grain dealer. Was born in Pettis County, Mo. His father, John M. Sneed, being one of the early settlers of Pettis, having located here in HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 735 1852, is still living about three miles from Sedalia. His mother, Mary J., nee Stewart, was a native of Kentucky, and is still living. John B. was reared and educated here, and at the age of seventeen years he entered the First National Bank, of this city, where he remained five years. He afterward engaged in the grain trade at Clinton, Henry County, and other points on the M., K. &T. R. R. He continued in this business until Sep- tember, 1881, when he opened an office and feed store in Sedalia, where he has since been engaged. Mr. Sneed has been a successful business man, and although still a young man is rapidly taking his place among the leading business men of the county. COL. WILLIAM WALLACE S. SNODDY. Every life has a history of its own ; and although in appearance it may seem to possess little to distinguish it from others, yet there are marks and characteristics which give distinct individuality. An earnest activity has marked the life of Col. W. W. S. Snoddy, and the fact that he has gained for himself a wide and honorable reputation in the legal profession, is evi- dence of his character and worth. He is of Scotch-Irish descent, his maternal grandfather being a Scotchman, and his paternal grandparents natives of the county of Antrim, Ireland. On account of family opposi- tion, his paternal grandfather eloped with his wife, and on the day of their marriage sailed for America, arriving in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in 1783, where they purchased a small piece of ground and lived to be very aged people, each being over one hundred years- old at their death. The subject of this sketch was born in Lycoming County, Penn., Jan. 25, 1838. Wnen a boy he had a great desire to get an education, and availed himself of every opportunity afforded him to acquire knowledge. So earnest was he in his efforts in this direction that he labored on a farm during the day and studied at night. Inspired by the examples of many illustrious men, he struggled on with the thought ever in his mind that he would accomplish what they had. He early evinced a decided taste for the legal profession. But his friends and advisers opposed him, and urged him to remain upon the farm, yet he was not to be turned from his course, and was fully determined to battle with opposition and surmount every obstacle that barred the way. At the age of seventeen he com- menced teaching and was successful both in public and private schools. At the same time he devoted his spare time to his studies, and advanced as rapidly as most college students. In this way he completed the mathematical course, the higher English branches, the elements of Latin, and began the study of law, using the books of T. T. Abrams, a leading lawyer of Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. When ready to be admitted to the bar the war broke out and he responded to the first call of the Governor for troops. He volunteered and enlisted in the 137th 736 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Pennsylvania Volunteers, served in the ranks eight months, and then, for meritorious conduct, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. He received the most flattering testimonials from Generals Kidder, Cox and other general officers under whom he served. In June, 1863, at the expiration of his term of enlistment, he returned to Lock Haven, Penn., and was appointed, by Governor Curtin, Superintendent of the schools in Clinton County. He gave entire satisfaction in this office, the duties of which were onerous. He had under his supervision two hundred and ten schools which he had to visit as well as pass judgment on the teachers. The pressure of events and his military reputation and experience forced him into the army again, and at Harrisburg, in 1864, he was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the 207th Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was with his regiment in some of the noted engagements, and amid the last throes of the "Lost Cause." On his return home with his regiment he was received at the Capital of the State with an ovation fit for a patriot and hero. He was married on the 11th of June, 1864, to Miss Mary M. Long, a lady of culture and good family, residing at Selin's Grove, Penn. This union was blessed with seven children: Blanche E., Claude L., Cora L., Erskine, Cook, Edna May and Raymond. Blanche E., Cora L. and Raymond are dead. In December, 1865, he was admitted to the bar. During that winter, with $300 in his pocket, he started to Missouri with his wife and baby. He paused on his way to visit the Island of Blenner- hasset, made illustrious by the eloquence of William Wirt, and linked to immortality with the ill-starred Aaron Burr, and there his heart was sad- dened by the death of his only child. The remains of the little one were brought to St. Louis and laid in the Calvary Cemetery. He arrived in Sedalia on the 8th of April, 1866, with only $60 left from the expenses of his journey. Without money, without books, without friends, and with- out experience as a lawyer, he resolved to cast in his fortunes with the young " Queen of the Prairies." He rented an office'and entered upon the practice of law. ' It was a month before he had his first case, but he gained it, and since that time he has had a good and increasing practice. A few months after he formed a partnership with R. G. Durham, a well- read lawyer of twenty years' experience. In 1868 his partner was appointed Judge of Common Pleas Court. ' Then for eight years he was one of the popular and well established firm of Snoddy & Bridges. The Colonel is a prominent and influential member of the Ancient Older of United Workmen, Amity Lodge No. 69, also is a member of the Grand Lodge, and at present is District Deputy Grand Master Workman of the 38th District of Missouri, composed of the counties of Pettis', Cooper and Moniteau. Col. Snoddy is six feet two inches in height, large in person, with a powerful -physique and regular features. All of his qualities are strong and decided, none negative. Time, nor political rivalries can HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 737 estrange him from his friends. Nor can the lapse of a generation remove prejudices which he once entertains against men. He devotes all of his time to his profession. JOHN G. SPRAGUE. Of Sprague & Clark, Sedalia. Was born in 1817, in Washington Co., Ohio. His father Joshua, who died in 1831, was also a native of Ohio, being born in the same county. His mother, Phoebe G., nee Brown, was a native of Massachussetts. She died in Illinois in 1873. John G. was reared and educated in the county and State of his birth and when old enough was taught to work on the farm where he remained until 1846, when he went to Iowa. John G. Sprague, after remaining in Iowa until 1852, concluded to go to California, whither he went in the same year. Here he remained mining for four years after which he returned to Ohio and engaged in farming. He again moved to Bond County, 111., in 1858, remaining until 1868, when he again sought wider fields. He removed to Washington County, 111., where he engaged in the grain business, and in the fall of 1875 he came to Sedalia where he resumed his business as grain dealer, also dealing in wood, coal etc. Mr. Sprague is a member of the M. E. Church, to which denomination his wife also belongs, he being a steward of the same. He was married in 1838 to Miss Eliza Beach, of Ohio They have seven children living, Dudly D., of California, Mo., Charles D., of Sedalia, Mo., Pearly J., Agent at Higbee, Mo., for the rail- road, Ezra B., of Sedalia, Cynthia M., wife- of E. M. Clark of Sedalia, Frank M. and John W. G. R. STANTON. Chief operator of the Missouri Pacific General Office in Sedalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Collins, Ohio,July26,184:9. He received his education from the schools of his native State. After finishing his edu- cation, Mr. Stanton learned telegraphing at Chillicothe in 1865. He first took an instrument at Athens, Ohio, remaining in the office one year, when he returned to Chillicothe. He then accepted a position in the office at Hillsborough, then was promoted to a position at Cincinnati, and afterwards accepted a similar position in the the offices at Chicago. He was in the offices of the latter city, when the great strike occurred in which about 5,000 operatives were engaged. After the strike he accepted a position in the offices of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. After being in the employment of said company for quite a while he resigned his position and took a trip south, visiting Columbus, Miss., Huntsvilte, Ala., New Orleans, Selma, and other points. At Selma, Mr. Stanton was engaged in taking press reports for about two years. He afterwards visited the principal cities of California and Nevada, then returned to 788 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Cincinnati, where he remained about two years, at which time he was appointed superintendent of telegraph of the Springfield & Southeastern, now a part of the Ohio & Mississippi. After that he accepted a similar position with the Wabash Road, the offices being located at Decatur. He was also assistant superintendent in the offices at Toledo. Then in October, 1880, he went to St. Louis and accepted a position with the American Union, which position he held until the consolidation with the Western Union, when he received the position of chief operator in the offices of Missouri Pacific at Sedalia, which position he still holds. Mr. Stanton is courteous, generous and a popular young man. JOHN STARK. Dealer in organs, pianos, etc. Mr. Stark was born in Spencer County, Ky., in 1841. His father, Adam Stark, was a native of Kentucky, as was his mother, Elener, nee Stillwell. John, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm in Kentucky, and engaged in farming for many years. In 1861, he enlisted in Co. B, Twenty-first Regiment Indiana Infantry, and served one year in the ranks, taking part in many prominent battles. After the first year he was made a musician and served in that capacity until the close of the war. In 1872, he came to Missouri, and engaged in farming until 1874, when he went into the music business at Cameron, Mo., for the Mason and Hamlin Organ Company, and has ever since been with this well known company. From 1880 until 1882, he was located at Chillicothe, Mo. In the spring of 1882, he came to Sedalia, where he is doing an extensive business at No. 219 Ohio street. Mr. Stark was married in 1864 to Miss Sarah Casey. They have three children living. JAMES STORY. Is the son of Thomas Story, a native of Scotland, but who emigrated to Canada in the year 1820, where he lived until his death, which occurred April 15, 1866. The subject of this sketch, James Story, was born at Smith's Falls, in the Dominion of Canada, April 21, 1846, and is the youngest child in a family of four children. He received his primary education in the schools of his native country, completing the same at Belleville, N. Y. After he had completed his education he returned to his home in Canada, where he remained until the fall of 1871, when he emigrated to Missouri, settling at Green Ridge, in the southern part of Pettis County. During his residence here he was engaged in the general mercantile business, where he remained until the spring of 1875, when he moved to Sedalia, where he has since resided, engaged in the grocery business. Mr. Story was married Feb. 11, 1873, to Miss Carrie Walker, a native of Indiana, and a most estimable and refined lady. From this union there was one child, viz: Clara Mabel, who died while an infant* HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 739 Mr. Story owns the fine three-story block opposite the public square on Ohio street, known as Story's Central, a view of which appears elsewhere. Mr. Story is one of the popular business men of this city, courteous in manners, generous in disposition, and a favorite among his friends. He is at present traveling salesman for Jarratt, Gilliland & Roberts, importers and jobbers of coffee and wholesale groceries, Nos. 401 and 403 North Second street, corner Locust, St. Louis, Mo. HENRY D. STRINGER. Real estate. Mr. Stringer was born July 10, 1845, in Lincoln County, Kentucky. His father, Thomas M. Stringer, was also a native of Ken- tucky, now living in Carthage, Mo. His mother, Nancy, nee Watkins, was a native of North Carolina. Henry D. enlisted in Company B, Fif- ty-fourth Indiana Regim^t, Volunteers, in 1862, under Col. Mansfield, and served until the close of the war. He was twice wounded. Once in the right arm, and once in the head, the ball running down into his shoulder, where it still remains. He took part in all the battles of the Mississippi, from Island No. Ten down, and in the Red River expedition. In 1865, after his return, he married Miss Louisa Cunningham, near Louisville, Ky. In 1868 he went to Putnam County, Ind., and was engaged in livery business until 1874, when he removed to Jasper County, Mo., and sold dry goods until 1879, when he came to Sedalia, and has since been engaged in the real estate business. CHARLES G. TAYLOR. Mr. Taylor was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1828. His father, Wilson Taylor, was a native of Delaware. His mother, Mary E., nee Fenamore, was a native of New Jersey. Charles G. Taylor was educated in Philadel- phia, and early in life learned the jewelry business. He first embarked in business for himself at Richmond, Va., in 1851, where he continued until 1865, when he came to Sedalia, and has been constantly in the jewelry business since. He has a large and elegant stock of goods, and does an extensive business. He has served several terms as a City Councilman. Was a member of the committee who built the Sedalia Water Works. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. He was married in 1849 to Miss Rosanna Bush. They have two children, Mary V. and Charles L. In 1878-79 Mr. Tay- lor served as County Judge of Pettis County. Mr. Taylor and Rod Gallie own the sewerage of Sedalia. He has always been actively identified with the interests of this city. DR. J. P. THATCHER. Was born in Jacksborough, Tenn,, in 1830. -' While he was yet an infant, 740 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. his father, who was a physician, moved his family to Kentucky, where he died, leaving the subject of this sketch, at the age of fifteen, the oldest of four children. His limited education was obtained under very embar- rassing circumstances. Before he was eighteen, he enlisted as a private in the Third Regiment of Kentucky Volunteers Infantry, with M. V. Thompson and Maj. John C. Breckenridge, and served in the Mexican war. He was promoted to a Lieutenancy, and was during much of his service in command of his company. When peace was restored he returned to Kentucky, and. resumed his study df medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, In 1849 he went to Cali- fornia, where he met and married Miss Rebecca Perkins, a native of Missouri. He returned from California in 1854, and settled in Pettis County, then comparatively new. Dr. Thatcher took no active part in politics previous to the war. He opposed secession, but when the war came he did all in his power as a physician and citizen to ameliorate the sufferings consequent to the war. During the "Third Party" movement in 1874, he was elected by a large majority as a Democratic candidate to represent Pettis County in the General Assembly. His services were so appreciated that he was re-elected in 1876. In the session of 1877 he took an active part as a member of the committee appointed to examine the means used to secure the passage of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Renewal Bond Bill. Dr. Thatcher was an industrious and honorable man, a useful citizen, and a careful, painstaking legislator, doing all in his power to discharge the trust confided to him by his constituents. His life was one of untiring industry and activity, and though by nature endued with strength and iron will, his health at length gave way under the severe tax of mind and body, and at his residence three miles south of Sedalia, on the 8 th day of July, 1880, his active and useful life was brought to a close. He leaves a widow and a family of six children, viz: Laura E., Robley D., John P., Lizzie P., Emmet M. and Flavia M. The heirs have in the home farm two hundred acres of well improved land, and there are other lands amounting to about two hundred acres. ALBERT H. THIELE. Feed store. Mr. Thiele was born in 1839, in Germany. His father, Charles Thiele, came to America, in 1851, and died about 1872. Albert was brought up on a farm, which occupation he has followed most of his life. In 1881 he came to Sedalia^and opened the feed store on East Fifth street, where he is now in business. In 1877 he married Elizabeth Oben- haus, of St. Louis. They have one child living, Frank. Their eldest, Edward, died, Feb. 6, 1882, aged three years. Mr. Thiele enlisted in the Federal army in 1861, serving in a cavalry regiment, and three years in an infantry regiment. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 74J WILLIAM R. THOMAS. Of the firm of Thomas & Haden, hardware merchants. Mr. Thomas was born in 1848, in Kentucky. His father, John H. Thomas, was a native of Kentucky, still living at their old home in Harrodsburg. W. R., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated at his home in Ken- tucky. In 1867 he came to Lexington, Mo., where he was engaged as salesman one year, after which, he came to Sedalia, was salesman for D. H. Smith about two years, after which he went to Seneca, Mo., and engaged in business for himself. In about two years returned to Sedalia, and engaged in hardware trade where he still continues. Mr. Thomas was married in 1870 to Miss Mollie A. Smith. They have two children living, Harry A. and Montgomery. Mr. Thomas is member of the Masonic fraternity, and is also a member of the City Council. MENTOR THOMSON. President Sedalia Savings Bank. Was born in Scott County, Ken., March 9, 1811. His father, David Thompson, was a native of Virginia, who settled in Scott County, Kentucky. Mentor, the subject of this sketch, came to Pettis County, April 11, 1834, on his present farm, and engaged in farming. When the Sedalia Savings Bank was organized, in 1868, he was chosen President, and some years afterward left his farm and came to Sedalia. Mr. Thomson has, during the time he has lived in Sedalia, given his entire attention to the banking business, and, although now over seventy years of age, still attends to the duties of his position with the energy and ability of a man much younger. He was married Oct. 24, 1833, to Miss Cora V. Wooldridge, of Christian County, Ky. They intend celebrating their golden wedding in one year from this time, if they should live that long. They have three children living, David W., farmer of Pettis County; Minnie, now the wife of James E. Bbuldirt, of Pettis County, and Bettie, now wife of J. S. Hopkins, of Pettis County. Mr. Thomson was County Surveyor for about thirty years. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson are prominent and influential members of the Christian Church of Sedalia. The youngest child, Melcena, died. Menter Thomson is the fifth of a family of ten children, five living. His father was a farmer and merchant, and also had a paper mill, the first paper mill in that part of the country. " CAPT. A. H. THOMPSON. Was born May 24, 1822, in Warrenton, Va., son of Richard Thomp- son, a native of the same State. His mother, Sallie Thompson, nee Yeat- man, was also a native of Virginia. Young Thompson came to Boon- ville, Mo., in 1836, and there engaged in clerking for several /ears. In 1847, he engaged in business for himself, and for many years was identi- 742 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. fled as one of the leading merchants of that city, at the same time com- manding both a large wholesale and retail trade. He continued his busi- ness till the war broke out, in 1861, and then answered the first call for enrolled militia. He was elected Captain and served with distinction until he was appointed Commissary of Exemptions, for Cooper County. In this capacity he served about two years, with rank as Captain. When Price made his last raid through Missouri, Capt. Thompson and his com- pany were captured, but soon released on the hasty retreat of the Con- federates. Since the close of the war Capt. Thompson has accepted sev- eral important positions under the general government. Much of his property was lost during the war, and soon after its close he came to Sedalia and set about retrieving his lost fortune. Among the honors shown him in this city, was that of appointing him Recorder for three terms. He was also Secretary of the Board of Trade and Fair Associa- tion. He was married May 7, 1844, to -Lucy Collins, of Boonville, Mo. They have seven children: Sallie Y., now the wife of Capt. Samuel Ovenshine, of the Fifth Infantry, U. S. A.; James C, cashier of the First National Bank; Mary Cameron, Flora T., now the wife of Rev. Abiel Leonard, rector of the Episcopal Church in Atchison, Kan.; Harry, Edwin and Lucy Y. Mrs. Thompson died July 31, 1879. GEORGE W. TOWNSLEY. Jeweler and watchmaker. Was born in 1848 in Cooper County, Mo. His father, Channel P., was a native of Massachusetts, and was one of the early settlers of Cooper County, Mo. He died while on his way home from China, whither he had gone in 1852. His mother was a native of Baltimore, Md., and was born in 1808. George W. Townsley was principally reared in Pettis County, having come here when he was four years of age. He was educated in Sedalia, and after he finished his edu- cation he taught school for two years, after which he learned the jewelry business, serving an apprenticeship of four years. In 1874 he opened a store on Main street, and began business for himself. In 1877 he moved his stock of goods to Ohio street, and occupied part of the store-room of Brown Bros., remaining until 1879, when he removed to his present loca- tion, 117 Ohio street, where he still remains. Mr. Townsley carries one of the most complete stock of goods, in his line, of any house in Central Missouri. He was married in August, 1873, to Hattie N. Van Wagner, of Sedalia, a native of New York, and daughter of Rev. J. M. Van Wag- ner, for several years pastor of the Congregational Church, Sedalia, now of Lowell, Mich. They have four daughters: Bertha, Mabel, Elsie and Mattie. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 743 JAMES C. THOMPSON. Was born April 29, 1847, in Boonville, Mo. His father, A. H. Thomp- son, was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to Boonville, Mo., in 1836, and is now a resident of Sedaiia. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Boonville. In January, 1864, he accepted a posi- tion in the office of Gen. Wm. Myers, chief Quartermaster of the Depart- ment of Missouri, with headquarters at St. Louis. Young Thompson remained in this position till May, 1866, and then came to Sedaiia and commenced his career here as book-keeper for the firm of Stewart & Jenkins, at that time one of the leading houses in the growing town. In March, 1869, he accepted the position as book-keeper in the First National RESIDENCE OP J. C. THOMPSON. Bank of Sedaiia, in February, 1871, was chosen assistant cashier, and July 19, 1880, was elected cashier. In the fall of 1876, Mr. Thompson, after a spirited contest, was elected Treasurer of Pettis County. Mr. Thompson is a thorough business man, enjoying the confidence of all with whom he associates. He is a vestryman in the Episcopal Church of this city ; also a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married October 21, 1874, to Miss Sallie C. Sneed, daughter of Capt. John M. Sneed, a native of Kentucky. Their family consists of James C, Jr., Phillip M., and one child deceased. Mr. Thompson is largely interested in property and public enterprises in this city, and his influence and public spirit, combined with his social nature, render him at once one of Sedalia's most valuable citizens. A view of his residence appears on this page. 744 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Dr. JOHN W. TRADER. Was born in Xenia, O., March 6, 1837. His father, Rev. Moses Trader, and his mother, Rebecca R. Trader, nee Wells, moved to Missouri in 1840 or 1841, and settled near Brunswii k, Chariton County, and in 1844 moved to Linn County, Mo. In 1854 Dr. Trader began the study of medicine with Dr. Alex. S. Hughes, of Lindley, Grundy County. He afterwards attended the Missouri Medical College, graduating from that institution in 1859, after which he practiced medicine until the breaking out of the late war. In the early part of the war he commanded a company in the State Militia, but in 1862 joined the Federal forces at Laclede, Mo., and was commissioned Assistant Surgeon by Gov. Gamble, and mustered into the First Cavalry, 1st battalion, M. S. M. In 1863 he was commissioned Surgeon, and mustered into the same regiment at Jefferson City. In 1864, by special order, he was made Brigade Surgeon of the First Brigade, of Pleasanton's Cavalry Corps. In April, 1865, he was mustered out of the volunteer service, and immediately took service in the U. S. Medical Corps as A. A. Surgeon, and assigned to duty at Jefferson- Barracks. From there he was ordered to New Orleans, with Medical Director on the steamer Baltic. They proceeded as far as Vicksburg, where they took on 300 Andersonville prisoners, and returned to Jefferson Barracks. He re- signed his commission in May, 1865, having served almost throughout the entire war. Dr. Trader was a gallant officer in the field, and in his pro- fessional capacity was called to fill some of the highest and most respon- sible positions in the State. As a surgeon, he has taken his place among the foremost men of the State, as is attested by the positions of honor and trust that he is from time to time being called to fill. After the war he located in Lexington, Mo., and engaged in the practice of medicine until 1865, when he came to Sedalia, where he has ever since made his home, and practiced his profession, enjoying a large and lucrative practice. In 1867 he visited Europe, holding an honorary commission from the Gov- ernor of his State to the Paris Exposition, and spent some time in the study of specialties in his piofession, as superior advantages were there afforded him. In 1876 he was elected President of the Medical Association, of the State of Missouri, which position he occupied during 1876 and 1877. In 1877 he was appointed a delegate to the American Medical Association, which met in Chicago, and attended the same. During the same year he was appointed Surgeon for the M., K. & T. Railway, .which position he retained for three years. In 1878 he was appointed by the Curator of the State University on. the Examining Board of the Medical Department, State University, and is still holding said position. He was married, first to Miss Lucy A. W. Wyatt, daughter of Capt. John Wyatt, of Chil- licothe, Mo. His first wife died, leaving no children. He was married the second time, in 1867, to Miss Tillie B. Batterton, of Danville, Ky. They HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 745 have seven children living: Hattie Belle Trader, 1868; Charles Bell Trader, 1870; Arthur Montgomery Trader, 1872; John William Trader, 1875; George Henry Trader, 1877; Clara Matilda Hope Trader, 1879; infant, 1882. The Doctor has been an active member of the M. E. Church since 1854, and is at the present time President of the Pettis County American Bible Society. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. His principal pastime is with his dog and gun, in which he takes great delight during his leisure hours, and his reputation as a marksman is second to none in the city. Dr. Trader has devoted considerable time to literary pursuits. JACOB W. TRUXEL. Dealer in music and musical instruments. Mr. Truxel was born in 1843 in Virginia. His father, Daniel B. Truxel, was a native of Virginia, as was also his mother, Mary, nee Reed. J. W., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Ohio. In 1861 he enlisted in the Federal Army, in what was first known as "Birge's Sharp Shooters," organized at St. Louis as an independent rifle regiment, afterwards known as the Sixty-Sixth Illinois, under Col. Pat. E. Burke, of St. Louis. Mr. Truxel served until September, 1864. This regiment took part in many of the hardest fought battles of the war, among which were Ft. Donelson Pittsburg Landing, Shiloh, Siege of Corinth, and throughout the Atlanta campaign. After returning home Mr. Truxel spent some years in trav- eling for a large New York manufacturing house. In 1869 they located him at Pittsburg as manager of their business there. He continued in their employ until 1877, when on account of his health-he came to Sedalia, Mo., where he engaged in the music business, which he still continues. Mr. Truxel is the largest dealer in Central Missouri and is conducting a business which will compare favorably with houses of much larger cities. His music house is located on Ohio street, No. 216. A view'.of it appears on page 495 in this volume. He was married in 1873 to Miss Sadie Asdale, of Pittsburg, a native of that city. L. M. TRUMBULL. Attorney at law. Mr. Trumbull was born in Oswego County, N. Y., in 1834. His father, Smith Trumbull, was a native of Vermont. His mother, Cintha Lilley, was a native of New Jersey. L. M., the subject of this sketch, was educated in New York State, and in 1859 came to Macon County, Mo., where he practiced law until 1870, when he removed to Cass County. In 1879, he came to Sedalia, where he has since fengaged in the practice of his profession. He has also been engaged in real estate to a considerable extent. He was married in October, 1864, to Sarah L. Henderson, of Macon County, a graduate of Ohio Female 746 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. College. They have two children, Ruboy H. and Lulu M. Mr. Trum- bull and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM T. TUCKER. Of the firm of Tucker & Co., grocers and provision dealers. Mr. Tucker was born, May 26, 1847, in Kentucky. His father, William G. Tucker, was a native of Kentucky; also now a wholesale grocer merchant of Kansas City. Since 1858, Wm., the subject of this sketch, has resided in Missouri. In 1870 he engaged in the saddlery and harness business, in Brownsville, Mo., where he remained two years, after which he spent two years in the Indian Nation, in the cattle business. In 1875 he went to Sher- man, Texas, where he was in the saddlery and harness business one year. He was in various kinds of business in Texas, until 1880, when he left the State, and after traveling over a large part of the west he came to Sedalia, July, 1881, and engaged in the grocery trade at the store on the corner of Ohio and Third streets, where we now find him. Mr. Tucker is a Mason, also belongs to the K. P. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He was married, Sept. 3, 1872, to Jennie O'Brien, of Boonville, Mo. They have two children, Jennie W. and Mamie G. GEN. RALPH VAN BRUNT. One of the oldest and most experienced men connected with the M., K. T. office at this city, is the subject of this sketch, Ralph Van Brunt. He is the son of Abert Van Brunt, a native of Brooklyn, N. Y. The subject of this sketch was born at Schenectady, N. Y., Sept. 13, 1834. He received his primary education in the schools of his native county, afterwards com- pleted the same and graduated at Union College. This College has been a noted institution in the east, and some of our finest scholars and states- men have graduated from this institution. Notably among her alumni are such men as President Arthur and Wm. H. Seward and others. ' Proctor Nott was President of the College while Mr. Van Brunt was a pupil. After he had completed his collegiate course he went to Wisconsin and engaged in teaching school until the breaking out of the late' rebellion. He enlisted in the United States service under Col. Thomas Ruger, now Colonel of the Eighteenth United States Infantry, and late Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, at West Point. Mr. Van Brunt was Adjutant under Col. Ruger. He served until the close of the war, and was mustered out of service, Sept., 1865. Mr. Van Brunt was Brevet Major of United States Volunteers, and Adjutant General of the Second Brigade, First Division of the Twentieth Army Corps. After the close of the war he returned to his home in New York, where he remained three years. In 1870 he moved to Kansas, and accepted a position on the K. P. R. R., and in Nov., 1875, he moved to Sedalia, and accepted a position HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 747 as Chief Clerk in the Master Mechanic's office of the M., K. & T., which position he still holds. He was married, Aug., 1867, to Miss Mariah Barhydt, a native of New York. From this union there were two children, only one of whom is now living. REV. JAMES M. VAN WAGNER. He was born at Pleasant Valley, Dutchess County, N. Y., July 8, 1818. While he was a babe his father lost a large property, anc^ soon after deceased, leaving the mother to support herself and eight children as best she could. The boy's life was a trying one. He began work in the fac- tory when but eight years old. Two or three years of his life were spent in hard labor on a farm. He then learned the blacksmith trade in Pough- keepsie, N. Y., under his brother, and became a well known and expert horse-shoer. At nineteen he determined to have an education, and went to Oberlin, Ohio, and there studied nine years in succession. He had no help, but paid his own way by manual labor at first, and then by lecturing and preaching. He also supported a sister, who pursued her studies at the same institution. Mr. Van Wagner's life in the ministry has been a successful one. He has held five positions, always drawn large audiences, and greatly built up the churches to which he has ministered. He is still in the height of his power physically and intellectually. He is noted for his boldness, originality and earnestness. For four yeUrs he was the pas- tor of the Congregational Church of Sedalia, and was very popular with all classes. His church was always crowded, and his resignation was greatly regretted by the church and city. He is now pastor of a church in Michigan. Three of his sons and one daughter reside in Sedalia. Rev. Allen J. Van Wagner, pastor of the Congregational Church; W. H. and C. C. Van Wagner, of the boot and shoe firm of Moses & Van Wag- ner Bros.; and Harriet N, wife of Geo. W. Townsley, jeweler. Rev. James M. Van Wagner was married in 1845 to Miss Harriet N. Johnson, daughter of Allen and Betsy Johnson, of Peru, Ohio. Her father was a man well known in all that region, and held many important offices. Ten children have been born to them, eight living, viz: Allen J., Mary L., wife of J. R. Loomis, of Atchison, Kansas; W. H., C. C, Harriet N., Carrie, wife of J. M. Everett, of Holden, Mo.; Libbie and Fannie; the two last residing with their parents. WM. H. VAN WAGNER. Of Moses & Van Wagner Bros., boots and shoes. Was born July 4, 1851, in Clinton, Michigan. He is a son of Rev. J. M. Van Wagner, whose name is mentioned elsewhere. Wm. H. was educated in Illinois and New York. In 1869, he was employed as salesman in a book store in Atchison, Kansas, where he remained until 1871, when he came to 748 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. Sedalia. Here he entered the general office of the M., K. & T. R. R., as clerk, where he remained until Sept., 1873, at which time he was appointed Deputy County Clerk of Pettis County, under R. H. Moses. He held this position until the expiration of his term, when he was re-ap- pointed by his successor, Henry Y. Field, and served .under him until January 1, 1881, when he went into the boot and shoe business, in connec- tion with R. H. Moses and his brother. Of this house and its business we speak elsewhere. Mr. Van Wagner was married April 18, 1877, to Miss Nettie Freeland, of Tiogo County, N. Y., a daughter of Lyman Freeland. They are members of the Congregational Church. He is also a member of the A. O. U. W. They have one child, Ernest. REV. ALLEN J. VAN WAGNER. Pastor of the First Congregational Church of Sedalia. Son of Rev. James M. Van Wagner, born in Peru, O., Sept. 11, 1847. His early life was spent in Michigan, Ohio and New York, where his father held pasr torates. When fifteen years of age, his father accepted a call to the pas- torate at Kewanee, 111., and here the subject of this sketch prepared for college. He was educated at Knox College, Galesburg, 111., and the Theological Seminary at Chicago, graduating from the latter in 1873. In April of that year he accepted the pastorate of the Congregational Church of Elmwood, 111., which position he held with satisfaction to the people and great credit to himself for six and one-half years. In October, 1879, as may be seen in the Sedalia City History, he accepted a call to his pres- ent position. His labors in Sedalia have met with universal favor and his influence is wide and deep. Other , churches have diligently sought his services, but he has persistently refused to leave the people to which he has become so much attached. In Oct., 1881, he received a unani- mous call from the Congregational Church of Sandusky, Ohio, with a large salary, and in January, 1882, received an urgent and unanimous call from the Congregational Church at Marshalltown, Iowa, but refused both from a sense of duty to the field here. In Oct., 1881, he was elected Sec- retary and Treasurer of the General Association of Congregational Churches of Missouri, and in the same year was elected Chaplain of the Veteran Club of Sedalia, composed of veteran soldiers from both armies of the late war. Mr. Van Wagner, as a pulpit orator, though a young man, is taking a foremost position ; his sermons are forcible, eloquent, and entertaining, and his audiences are always large, frequently, at evening service, the church is too small for the congregations. He was married in June, 1870, to Miss Fannie E. Doty, a most estimable lady of refine- ment, daughter of Milo and Catherine Doty of Kewanee, 111. Possessed of those social and Christian graces that produce sunshine wherever they go, this worthy pair are beloved by a large circle of warm friends. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 749 LON. VAN WAGNER. Of Moses & Van Wagner Bros., boots and shoes. Was born in 1853, in Ohio. Rev. J. M. Van Wagner, his father, was a native of New York, now pastor of the Congregational Church, at Lowell, Mieh. His mother, Harriett, wee Johnson, was born in Connecticut. Lon., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Illinois. After completing his educa- tion he spent some time clerking in the grocery business. In 1873 he came to Sedalia, Mo., where he engaged in the boot and shoe business, which he has followed ever since, with the .exception of about one year, which he spent in the First National Bank of this city. Since the open- ing of the house with which he is now connected, he has dealt exclusively in boots, shoes, hats and caps. Mr. Van Wagner and his partner, Mr. R. H. Moses, are gentlemen who are justly entitled to the patronage which they receive. Mr. Van Wagner is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He was married in April, 1877, to Gertrude Gleason of Sedalia, daughter of Samuel Gleason, of this city. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church, and by their union have one child, Edna. J. HENRY VITT. Of Vitt & Meyers, dry goods merchants. Mr. Vitt was born April 26, 1838, in Prussia. His father, John P. Vitt, and his mother, Mary C, nee Lirsch, are natives of Prussia. J. H., the subject of this sketch, received his education in the old country, graduating there at the age of fourteen years. In 1852 he came to America, locating in Pennsylvania for a short time, after which he came to Jefferson City, Mo., where he engaged as salesman in a dry goods store. After a few years he went to St. Louis. In 1859 he was admitted to the firm of Charles F. Lahman & Co- as a partner at Syracuse, Mo., at that time the terminus of the Missouri Paci- fic Railroad. As the road progressed they followed it along from place to place, reaching Sedalia in 1861, since which time Mr. Vitt has been constantly identified with the business interests of Sedalia. In 1872 he and his present partner, Mr. Meyers, opened their large store on the corner of Main and Osage streets where they have ever since done a large and prosperous business. They have gone through the "hard times" of 1873 to 1875, keeping their " heads above water, " while many others have gone down, and have always paid 100 cents on the dollar, and now have an unlimited credit. Mr. Vitt and his wife are members of the Catholic Church. He is also a member of the Catholic Knights of America. He was married in 1863 to Philomena M. Meyers, of Jeffer- son City, a native of Ohio. They have five children, Mary C, Allie L., Clara, Willis P. F., Henry E. Mr. Vitt has served as a member of the City Council. 35 750 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. JAMES W. WALKER. County Assessor. Mr. Walker was born in 1829, in Casey County, Ky. His father, James T. Walker, was a native of North Carolina. His mother was a Carter, a native of Virginia. James W., the subject of this sketch, came with his parents to Pettis County, Mo., in 1843, where he has ever since made his home. In the spring of 1850 he went to Cali- fornia, returning in 1856, after which he engaged in farming, owning a beautiful farm five miles northwest of Sedalia, where he continued until 1880, when he moved to Sedalia on account of educating his children. In 1880 he was elected to the office of County Assessor, which office he now fills. He was married Aug. 3, 1858, to Miss Sarah J. Powell. They have three children, Frank T., Henry A. and Sarah E. JOHN WALMSLEY. Merchant tailoring, carpets and house furnishing goods. Was born in England in 1846. His father, Thomas, emigrated to Canada in 1851. John, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Canada and was taught mercantile pursuits when quite young. In March, 1871, he came to Sedalia and was employed as salesman for Clute Bros. When the firm was changed to Clute & Co., Mr. Walmsley took an interest in the firm and continued in the firm until 1879, when he commenced business for himself. He carries a large stock of gents' furnishing goods, together with a stock of carpets. He is also engaged extensively in merchant tail- oring. His store room is situated on Ohio Street in the old Times build- ing, between Second and Third streets, where he occupies the first and second floors. His carpet hall, up stairs, is large and elegant and is sup- plied with an extensive stock of house furnishing goods. Mr. Walmsley was married in 1876 to Miss Maggie Fletcher, of Sedalia. They have two children, John Fletcher and Alice Scott. GEORGE W. WALSHE. Son of William Walshe, a native of Ireland, who emigrated to America at an early day and settled in New York State. Geo. W. Walshe was born Feb. 22, 1831, in Schenectady, N. Y., and received his education from the schools of his native State, and after completing the same he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a machinist and engineer, after which he worked at his trade on the Mohawk & Hudson R. R., now the New York Central R. R. After leaving the N. Y. C. R. R. he went to Bos- ton, where he was engaged for about four years as machinist and engineer for the Boston & Maine R. R., then accepted a position with the New York & Erie R. R., where he was made foreman in 1852 of Dunkirk shops. He remained in that capacity for a short time and then went to Joliet, 111., and took charge of the construction of the C. & A. R. R. be- HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 751 tween that city and Bloomington, as master mechanic. This was in 1853. A similar position was tendered him by the Ohio & Mississippi R. R. Co., which he accepted, retaining the same about four years. He then purchased a farm in Washington County, Mo., where he engaged in farming and stock-raising till the breaking out of the late civil war. Dur- ing the war he was appointed Assistant General of United States railroads at Nashville, Tenn., where he remained till the close of the war. After peace had been declared he returned to his farm in Washington County, Mo., and built a barytes factory, in the manufacture of which he continued about three years. Then, about 1870, he accepted a position with the St. Louis & San Francisco R. R. Co., which was then under construction. After resigning his position here he accepted the position of foreman of the Missouri Pacific shops at Sedalia; then in 1877 he was promoted to master mechanic, which position he still holds. Mr. Walshe is a man of superior business ability and mechanical genius, warm-hearted and gener- ous, winning a large circle of friends. MAJOR JONATHAN R. WEBBER. Major Webber was born in 1815, at Hanover, N. Y. His father, Jona- than, was born in 1771, in Massachusetts, and died in 1834. His mother, Roxanna, nee Stebins, was a native of Massachusetts, died in 1840. Maj. Webber was reared on a farm, also learned the mason's trade in his youth, which he followed for about seventeen years. In 1840 he removed to Niles, Mich., after which he bought a farm and engaged in farming for several years. He served while here several years as Deputy United States Marshal. In 1856 he moved to Morris, 111., where he was in busi- ness until 1859, when he served as Sheriff. During the war he was Assistant Provost Marshal of the Sixth Congressional District of Illinois. In 1864 he went into the army as Captain, coming out at the close of the war as Major. After the war he dealt extensively in grain for several years. In 1871 he came to Sedalia, where he has dealt in grain and real estate, and served as justice of the peace. Major Webber was married in 1837 to Eliza Abeel, of Washington County, N. Y. They have one child living, Elida, now the wife of J. C. Parmlee. They have two deceased. Julias C, Colonel of the Eighteenth Illinois Regiment, died at "Vicksburg, in 1872. Was Mayor of that city. William W., Captain Third United States Cavalry, died in 1871, of wounds received in the war, being shot three times. JOSEPH G. WHITE. Was born Oct. 6, 1841, in Cumberland County, Pa. His father, Wm. White, being a native of that State, is now residing in Pana, 111. Jos. G. White was educated at Waveland Collegiate Institute, Ind. After 752 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. attaining manhood he went to Illinois and taught school one year. After- wards he was employed as clerk in a drug store, where he remained about four years. About this time Mr. White accepted a position as traveling salesman for a Chicago drug house, and was very successful in that capac- ity. During his travels Mr. White chanced to stop over in Sedalia, and admiring the location, push, thrift and enterprise of the little city, and with all the general prospects of the place he decided to locate here, and in Feb., 1867, he joined his brother, W. T.White, here, who was engaged in the lumber business. They formed a co-partnership in that business, which they successfully followed until 1880. During Mr. White, business career he, by successful enterprise, has .accumulated quite a large property, owning considerable real estate in the city, and in addition to which he has about one thousand acres of good farming lands in the county. Mr. White is jointly dividing his time in improving his city and farming property. He was married, Jan. 31, 1871, to Miss Mary B. Barker, of Wooster, Ohio, daughter of Chas. Barker, a native of New York, who died in 1872. Mr White and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church in high standing. STEPHEN N. WHITE. Of S. N. White & Co., agricultural implements. Was born in Kane County, Illinois, in 1848. His father, Wm. White, was a native of New York, who died in 1854; Catherine, nee Ravlin, his mother, was also born in the State of New York and is still •living in Illinois. Stephen N. was reared and educated in Illinois on a farm. In 1870 he began as salesman for an implement house in De Kalb, 111., where he remained three years. In 1873 he went to Colorado and engaged in the auction and commission business at Denver and continued in that business for three years, and in 1876 he went to Del Norte, Col., and followed the same business until 1878, when he came to Sedalia, Mo., and began- as salesman with J. R. Stuart. In October, 1881, he took a partnership interest in the business, and started a branch house on West Main street. Thii is the oldest implement house in the city. Mr. Stuart having begun here about seveen- teen years ago. They handle all kinds of farming implements, including reapers, mowers, plows, wagons, &c, &c. Mr. White is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married in 1876 to Laura A. Fox, of De Kalb, 111., daughter of P. L. and Laura Fox, of that city. They have two children, Laura and Charles S. DR. M. E. WHITE. Grocer and provision dealer. Dr. White was born in 1831, in Anderson County, Ky. His father, John B. White, was a native of Virginia. His mother, Jane Clark, was a native of Kentucky. Dr. M. E. Clark was HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 753 educated at Cincinnati, Ohio ; studied dentistry at Hannibal, Mo., and in 1,857 began practice at Alton, 111. In 1859 he went to Memphis, Tenn., where he practiced until 1870, when he returned to Kentucky, where he practiced dentistry and farmed until 1882, when he came to Sedalia and opened a grocery and provision store on Second street. Dr. White was married in 1856 to Ellen Chambers, of Frankfort, Ky. They have three children, Evilla, Stonewall Jackson and Fannie. His wife died in 1870. His second wife was Mary E. McCoun, a native of Kentucky, by whom he has two children, Lottie L. and Joe. The Dr. is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of K. P. W. F. WHITE. Of the Queen City Manufacturing Company, is a native of Pettis County, Mo. He was educated in Sedalia. In 1872 he became interested in the drug business in connection with his brother, C. N., now of Apple- ton, and with whom W. F. is now a partner. In 1882 he bought an interest in the Queen City Manufacturing Company, in connection with Dr. A. H. Thurston, of Pilot Grove, and to this Sedalia enterprise Mr. White now gives his entire time and energies. They are manufacturing all kinds of flavoring extracts, perfumes, ground spices, bluing, baking powders, &c, &c. Their store is located at No. 217 Main street. They keep several men constantly on the road, and their prospects are very flattering indeed. JAMES C. WHEELER. United States Revenue Collector. Was born in Michigan, in 1843. His father, Solomon H. Wheeler, a native of the State of New York, who settled in Michigan in 1835, and died there about the year 1858. His mother was also born in New York, and died about the year 1847. J. C. was educated at Kalamazoo College. After the breaking out of the war he left college and entered the Federal army, in Company 1, Eighteenth Michigan Infantry. He served three years, being mustered out in July, 1865. He was in the Army of the Cumberland, taking part in all the battles. He escaped being wounded or taken prisoner. Mr. Wheeler's brothers, three in number, were all in the army throughout the war and came through safely, and are all living to-day. At the close of the war Mr. Wheeler was in the employ of the Government, in the construction of National Cemeteries, supervising the construction of the cemetery at Chat- tanooga, Tenn., and several others in the South. He was engaged in this business until 1872, when he was appointed Revenue Collector for the United States, with headquarters at Washington, D. C. His especial duty is traveling, and during the time which he has been in the employ of the Government, he has been over every State and Territory in the 754 HISTORY OF SEDAJ.IA. Union. He was married in 1869 to Miss Nellie G. Cook, of Fort Donel- son. Her mother and grandmother were natives of London, England. Her father, George Cook,- was a soldier of the Mexican War, and died soon after. They have five children: Frederick, Eddie, Julia E., Ollie E. and Hattie D. HARVEY R. WHEELER. Was born in Tecumseh, Lenawee County, Mich., April 5, 1839. His father, Solomon H. Wheeler, was a resident of Michigan, and his mother, Orpha A. Wheeler, nee Sweeney, was a native of New. York. She died many years ago. Harvey was educated at Tecumseh and Kalamazoo, Mich. He enlisted as a volunteer in the Eighteenth Michigan Infantry, in August, 1862, serving as a private about eighteen months, when he was promoted to First Lieutenant, in which position he served until mus- tered out in May, 1866, making a military service of three years and eight months. He was appointed Deputy Collector of the Fifth District of Mis- souri, Sept. 16, 1878, by D. H. Budlong, of Carthage, Mo., under whom he served until Aug. 1, 1881, and then was re-appoined to the same posi- tion by B. H. Langston, of Springfield. He located in Sedalia in January, 1869, and engaged in the grocery business, with A. B. Codding. He now owns considerable property in Sedalia. In August, 1862, he married Catharine L. Tindall, of Tecumseh, Mich., daugnter of Noah H. Tindall. They have two children, one son and one daughter, Heardy and Gertie'. JAMES B. WILCOX. Fruit and produce broker. Mr. Wilcox was born in Kendall County, 111., in 1844. His father, H. S. Wilcox, was a native of New York. His mother, Jeannette, nee McEwen, was a native of New Jersey. J. B., the subject of this sketch, came to Sedalia in 1867, and engaged in the gro- cery and provision trade, until 1873, when he sold out and began the commission business, making a specialty of fruit and country produce. In this business he has ever since been very successful. He has been twice married ; his first wife died, after which he married Phoebe Bottsford, of Wisconsin, in 1872. They have one child, Harlow G. Mr. Wilcox and his wife are members of the Congregational Church, and have both been members of its choir since 1877. To Mr. Wilcox belongs the praise for making this choir the best in the city, or in Central Missouri. BURWELL G. WILKERSON. Attorney at law. Was born in 1836, in Warren County, Ohio. His father was Charles N. Wilkerson, also of the same county and State, who died in Sept., 1881. His mother, whose maiden name was Martha A. Goode, was a native of Ohio, and died there in Jan., 1877. B. G. HISTORY OF SEDALIA. 755 Wilkerson, the subject of this sketch, was educated in Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, after which he took up the study of law, at Wilmington, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio, at Columbus, in March, 1862. He practiced law at Wilmington until 1867, when he came to Sedalia, Mo., where he has since remained. He was married in 1870 to Sarah E. Doolittle, Painsville, O., a daughter of John T. Doolittle, and by this union they have two children, Frederick D. and George R., also one deceased. Mr. Wilkerson has been eminently suc- cessful in his practice, especially in the settling of claims of real estate, among which is the estate of General George R. Smith. As a lawyer he is not only a success, but deserves success, and stands without dispute among the very few who are in the foremost rank of the profession. THOMAS WOOD. He is the son of Samuel Wood, a native of England, who emigrated to the United States in the year 1842, and settled near Richmond, Virginia, but afterwards went to Ohio, then in 1860 to Pennsylvania, where he now resides, at the age of seventy-one. The mother of Mr. Wood is also liv- ing. Thomas Wood was born in Staffordshire, England, Sept. 12, 1840, the second in a family of eighteen children. His school days were spent in the subscription schools of Virginia. When about nineteen years of age he began firing on the Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis Railroad, where he continued about one year, then accepted a position as brakeman on the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad. He then came to Missouri and engaged in the employ of the Missouri Pacific Railroad at St. Louis, as fireman, in the year 1861 . Here he remained till 1864, when he was promoted to engineer. He filled this position till the great strike of 1 868, when, with many others, he struck, and then returned to the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, where he remained about five months. Next he went to Omaha, and worked with the Union Pacific Railroad. After remaining here for some time he returned to the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, where, after about nine months' service, he took a position with the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. He then came to Sedalia and accepted a position as engineer on the Missouri Pacific Railroad, which he has held since Oct., 1872. He was married Dec. 14, 1865, to Miss Mary E. Allen, of Warrensburg, Mo. Their family consisted of five chil- dren, two of whom are living, Edgar W. and J. Herbert. He is a care- ful and reliable engineer. During his service on the Missouri Pacific Rail- road of ten years he has met with no accident worthy of mention, and he is considered one of the best in the employ of the corporation. SILAS A. WRIGHT. Was born in Jersey County, 111., in 1850. His father, Silas W., was a 756 HISTORY OF SEDALIA. native of New York, now living in Oregon. His mother, Mary, nee Redmond, was a native of Ohio, still living. Silas A., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Wisconsin. In 1868 he came to Springfield, Mo., where he engaged in the sewing machine business, operating at various points in that section of the country. He was given the general agency of the American Sewing Machine in this State. In 1877 he removed to Sedalia, where he has since made his headquarters, and where he has a large store. He keeps a full stock of machines, besides all kinds of repairs. He keeps one or two men constantly on the road, wholesaling all kinds of sewing machines, and is perhaps the largest dealer in Central Missouri. Mr. Wright is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also Knights of Honor and K. P. In 1874 he was married to Miss Hackendom of Webster County, Mo. They have one child living, Una. One deceased. JOHN J. YEATER. President of the Citizens National Bank. Is another who began at the first round of the ladder and who by energy and pluck has established himself among the foremost. John J. Yeater was born in Lincoln County, Mo., in 1831. His father Charles H., a native of Kentucky, came to St. Charles County, Mo., in 1808. Later he moved to Osceola, in southwest Missouri, where John J., the subject of our sketch, was reared. In 1857 he was married to Miss Sarah J. Ellis of Connecticut. In 1861 he was burned out by Jim Lane's forces, losing two large store houses with their contents. He then entered the Confederate army and served four years a,s Quartermaster. In 1865 he came to Sedalia and engaged in the grocery business, and being a very shrewd and successful business man he has taken his place among the foremost business men of Sedalia and Central Missouri. At the organization of the Citizens National Bank in 1872, he was chosen vice-president, and served until the death of Clifton Wood in 1877, when he was chosen to fill the vacancy, which position he now occupies. Mr. Yeater is also extensively engaged in the grocery business, running both a wholesale and retail establishment. Mr. Yeater is also engaged in stock feeding, having on hand over six hundred head. He has four children living, Charles E., attorney at law, Sedalia, Laura, at Columbia Christian College, Merritt West and Stella W. MATTHIAS ZENER. General insurance agent. Mr. Zener was born in 1835 in Vermillion County, Ind. His father, Adam Zener, was a native of Kentucky. His mother, Mary, nee Hopkins, was a native of Pennsylvania. Matthias, the subject of this sketch, enlisted in the Eighteenth Regiment Indiana Vol- unteers, Co. C, in July, 1861, and served one and a half years in the army. Afterwards he taught school for a time, and in 1864 went *to Iowa, where HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 757 he engaged in insurance business. In 1865 he came to Clinton, Mo., where he sold drugs and engaged in insurance; was also superintendent of schools here trom 1866 until 1870. In 1871 -he gave up his other busi- ness and has ever since given all his time to insurance business. In 1873 he came to Sedalia where he now resides. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married in 1870. They have three children, Helen M., Mary L., Alice G. Mrs. Zener has one child by her first husband, Anna A. CHAPTER XII.— HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name — Organization — Configuration — Physical Features — Some Interest- ing History— Col. Houston's Celebrated Preceptor— Marshal Ney— The Colonel's Biography — His Statement Regarding, the Marshal— Description of the Man— His Admiration for Napoleon Bonaparte— Death of Napoleon's Son— The Marshal Destroys His Private Papers— Corroborative Statements— Houstonia Village— Its Business Interests — Churches— Schools— Railroad — The Great Cyclone of 1875— Biographical. In the northern part of Pettis County is situated the beautiful scope of country comprising Houstonia Township, and running diagonally across the township is the branch line of the Missouri Pacific Railway, connect- ing this township with the enterprising city of Sedalia, giving it every connection for transportation, which, with its natural facilities and resources, gives its inhabitants every advantage that could be wished for by the agriculturist, the stock raiser and the capitalist. A few" years ago the present site of Houstonia and the village of Hughesville was a wild, uncul- tivated waste of rolling prairie belonging to the Government. This was sold by the Government at 12f cents to $1.25 per acre when opened for settlement, and the fortunate purchasers of large tracts have reaped rich rewards in the investment of their savings, at an early day, in the rich upland land of this township. The township, as a whole, is unsurpassed by any in the county. While this township is by no means so rough and broken as the others, it has the advantage of having an abundant supply of timbered land along its borders, and with every means of comfort near at hand its people are indeed fortunate and happy. Name. — Houstonia Township derives its name from the principal town situated within its borders, that of Houstonia. Hon. Thomas F. Houston laid out the town, and it was named in his honor. From his grandfather the town of Houstonville, Iredell County, N. C, is also named. Col. Houston having been for many years prominently identified with the inter- ests of Pettis County, it is appropriate that we give him a short notice in connection herewith, and it is also not inappropriate that we give some history of his illustrious preceptor, the great Frenchman, Marshal Ney. 758 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Some Interesting History. — In connection with the history of Hous- tonia Township, it may not be inappropriate to give the following sketch of the illustrious preceptor of Col. Thomas F. Houston, in whose honor the village and township of Houstonia takes its name. From the St. Louis Republican, of July 8, 1877, we copy the following: "In February, 1876, in response to an inquiry, Col. Thomas F. Houston, of Pettis County, made public in the Sedalia Democrat a statement, giving his reasons for contro- verting the historical facts concerning Marshal Ney T s execution. For the purpose of giving it an enlarged publicity and enlisting others in the work, a copy of all the facts bearing on this question has been obtained, thor- oughly revised, and thus presented through the Republican. Col. Houston's character and unquestionable veracity are too well known in Central Mis- souri to need an introduction, but for the benefit of all others a short bio- graphical sketch is appended. Thomas F. Houston was born July 30, 1818, at Houstonville — named in honor of his grandfather — Iredell County, N. C. ; received a collegiate education under the instruction of Marshal Ney; adopted the profession of law; admitted to the bar June, 1840, and located at Statesville, in his native county. In 1845 he married Miss Mary M. Hampton, a relative of the Hampton families of Virginia and South Carolina. He emigrated from Alabama to near the present site of Bunce- ton, Cooper County, Mo., in 1846, and since that time has devoted his whole energies to agricultural pursuits and stock raising. In 1851 he removed to the northern portion of Pettis County, Mo., near where he subsequently located the. town of Houstonia, named in his honor. He is one of the largest farmers in Central Missouri, having raised over 2,500 acres of corn in 1875, and sold in one contract in St. Louis 50,000 bushels.. He filled the office of President of the first Pettis County Fair; subscribed liberally to the capital stock of the Lexington and St. Louis Railroad (now the Lexington branch of the Mo. P.); held the position of president and director for many years, and to him much credit is due for a change in its starting point from Lamonte to Sedalia. He was selected as the- historian and orator at the Centennial celebration at Sedalia on the Fourth of July,. 1876, and gave a very interesting " Historical Sketch of Pettis County," from the first knowledge of this region by the whites up to that date.. His address was copied from tht Sedalia papers into the St. Louis Repub- lican, and endorsed by some of the " oldest inhabitants " as correct as to facts stated in relation to the earliest exploration and settlement of Central Missouri; and the facts contained therein will furnish items for all future histories of Pettis County and Central Missouri. He now lives in the enjoyment of good health on his magnificent estate near Houstonia, an> industrious, enterprising, intelligent Christian gentleman. history of houstonia township. 759 col. Houston's statement. Sixty years have elapsed since the reported execution of Marshal Ney, and history records it as a fact. Nevertheless^ at the risk of being con- sidered credulous and easily deceived, I will give you a brief account of the life of a man who was known for over thirty years in South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, as P. S. Ney (Peter Stuart Ney), and with whom I was intimately acquainted and associated for a good many years, and I do not hesitate to say, in my opinion, was the veritable Marshal Ney. I will here state that I can refer to many persons still living who knew him, and know that there was a general belief among those who knew him best that he was Marshal Ney. If my information is correct, Marshal Ney landed in America, in Jan., 1816, but I knew nothing personally of him until ten years thereafter. About 1826 (fifty-one years ago,) my uncle, Col. Francis Young, of Iredell County, North Carolina, employed this old man, Mr. P. S. Ney, to teach the languages to his sons, at Oak Hill Academy, and my first recollection of him was seeing him come to the postoffice, at Houstonville, for his mail matter. I was too young at that time to attend school, but in January, 1830, 1 became his pupil and continued so most of the time, until 1838. Part of the time he boarded in my father's family, and as I grew up to manhood a warm friendship existed between us, at least, on my part towards him. He was a man a little under six feet in height, not much fleshy, but muscular, and weighed about two hundred pounds. He showed his mil- itary training in his style and bearing. He was probably sixty years of age when I became his pupil. His head was quite bald, and showed a scar on one side, which he said was a sword cut in battle. He was marked with small-pox. He was a g*ood teacher and scholar, possessing the peculiar faculty of imparting instruction, and taught more for the pleasure and employment which it afforded him than for the profit, as he only asked his board and $200 per annum. He spent his leisure hours in reading and writing; read the newspapers attentively, and occasionally wrote for the National Intelligencer, at Washington City, and the Carolina Watchman, published at Salisbury, N. C. It was his custom to set up very late at night, only sleeping from four to six hours in twenty-four. He said that /was a habit contracted in camp, while in the army. It was evident he was not an ordinary soldier, but a man of rank and genius. He was a great admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte, always spoke of him in terms of the highest admiration, and up to the time of the death of Bonaparte's son, he often expressed his determination of returning to France. This was probably about the years 1834 or 1835. He was greatly distressed by that event; destroyed many private papers in, his 760 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. possession, and fears were entertained that his reason might be dethroned, and that he might commit suicide. Although previous to that time he often 'spoke of his intention to return to France, yet never after that event did I know him to express such intention. He had often spoken of it to me; had solicited me to go with him, and I promised to do so. He was always reticent when with strangers, and rarely if ever spoke of himself and his connection with the French army, even to his intimate friends, unless the hinges of his tongue were loosened by an extra glass of wine or brandy, and his characteristic reserve thrown off. Then he never mani- fested any boastful disposition, but sometimes spoke of his connection with the army and the part he had borne in its campaigns. He has narrated to me his famous retreat from Moscow, amid the snows and across the rivers upon ice; how the ice bridge gave away under his army and drowned many of them; how they perished from hunger and cold; how the Cossacks hung upon his rear and flanks, cutting off his men, and .slaughtering those who from cold and exhaustion straggled and lay down in the snow to die; how he marched on foot with his" men, and finally brought up the rear guard of a few hundred men, and how Napoleon embraced him and called him " the bravest of the brave." I once saw him taken up from the road in a stupor after an ineffectual attempt to arouse him, and laid across a horse to be removed by some negro men. This aroused' him, and his first involuntary expression was, " What ! put the Duke of Elchingen on a horse, like a sack ! Let me down !" In answer to the question whether he could ride, he answered, " Yes, I can ride into battle," and he quietly rode to my father's house. He has related to me the circumstances of his supposed execution. He said that "history said he was executed, but that it was not true. " He said it was true that he was sentenced and was taken out to be executed, and that the soldiers who were detailed to execute him had been soldiers of his command; that as he walked by the file of soldiers he whispered to them to " aim high. " He said his old command was to " aim low at the heart. " He refused to have his eyes bandaged, and took his position in front of the platoon, and gave the command, "fire. " That they fired and he fell, and was pronounced dead, and his body given to friends for inter- ment. He was conveyed secretly to Bordeaux, where he shipped to America, and landed at Charleston, S. C. I have meditated upon and weighed these statements for forty years and upward, but did not sup- pose there could be a witness living at this day, who could testify to the truth of the statements as given by the old Marshal himself. But there is living now, (if he has not died lately,) an old Frenchman, who once belonged to Marshal Ney's command. He stated that after the capture of Napoleon and Ney, he deserted from the French army and shipped as a seaman in December, 1815, from Bordeaux, France, landing in America, HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 761 at Charleston, January, 1816. He says he noticed, after sailing, a man whose appearance struck him very forcibly as some one he ought to know. He tried for several days to remember who he could be, and at last it flashed across his mind that it was his old commander, Marshal Ney. He sought the first opportunity to satisfy himself, and the next time the mysterious personage came on deck he approached him and told him he thought he knew him, to which the reply was, "Whom do you think I am?" He said, "My old commander, Marshal Ney." He responded, "Marshal Ney was executed two weeks ago, in Paris," and turning around, walked directly into his cabin and was not seen by hm again dur- ing the voyage, although they were thirty-five days reaching Charleston. The old Frenchman's name is Philip Petrie, and he is, or was recently, an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee or Detroit, having been a a soldier in the late war. This corroborative statement I read in the St. Louis Times, copied from the Dayton, Ohio, Journal, in the fall of 1874, if I am not mistaken as to date. I have in my possession his old Latin grammar, published in 1818, and in it there are many autographs of M. Ney, (my old preceptor), which by comparison with Marshal Ney's autograph as given under his engrav- ings in the life of "Napoleon and his Marshals," can very readily be recognized. To substantiate my statements I can refer to Dr. John 1VL Young, Water Valley, Miss.; Lucius Q. Butler, County Line post-office, Davie County, N. C; also Mrs. Mary C. Dalton, Eagle Mills, Iredell County, N. C.; and Gen. John A. Young, Charlotte, N. C, and scores of others yet living. The two first named gentlemen were his pupils in 1826. That Ney, while in the United States, corresponded with foreigners, I find conclusive evidence in the following, which I quote from a paper before me in my own hand writing: " Oblivion is the common lot Of common men — they die forgot; He who would live in memory warm, Must do much good or do much harm ; Fame lifts her voice alone on high For those who fill the public eye; Down iu the brief ephemeral tide. Sinks every man a kin beside. " Immediately after the foregoing quotations, written in stenography,, (except the proper name and date of month and year) is the following note made by him, viz: "As was written in a letter to J. E. Poellintz, 8th of May, 1828, from Abbyville, Va." If time and space permitted, I could relate the visits of strangers and foreigners, and their recognition of each other; once, at the retirement of M. Ney and the stranger, and their remaining out together the greater 762 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. part of the night. Ney died in Rowan County, N. C, in the fall of 1846. Mr. O. G. Ford was his administrator. He left a large book of strenographic manuscript, which I have seen many times, which was supposed to be a biography of himself, and which I understood was given up by Mr. Ford to some man who promised to translate it. The following original poem was written by M. Ney, in my sister's album, after the death of Napoleon's son, and after Ney had abandoned all hope of being able to return to France, or of seeing the Bonaparte family restored to the throne: GONE WITH THE GLORIES, GONE. ' Though T of the chosen, the choicest, To fame gave her loftiest tone, Though I 'moDg the brave was the bravest, My plume and my baton are gone! My eagle that mounted to conquest, Hath stooped from its altitude high, A prey to a vulture the foulest, No more to revisit the sky. One sigh to the hopes that have perished, One tear to the wrecks of the past, One look upon all I have cherished, One lingerigg look — 'tis the last. And now from remembrance I banish, The glories which shone in my train, Oh, vanish, fond memories, vanish, Eeturn not to sting me again. May 26, 1835. —P. S. Ney. Now, assuming the writer to be Marshal Ney, how could he have given expression to the disappointment and anguish of his heart in more forci- ble and pointed language! If he was Marshal Ney, and had escaped execution in the manner here- tofore related, his escape was by the connivance of soldiers detailed for his execution, and the surgeons and officers superintending the same. A knowledge of the fact that he was still living would most assuredly have caused death to those who falsely reported he had been executed. Again, if his intention was to return to France when the proper time should come, (and I know that to be true), would it not be much easier for him to escape detection and get back, if it was not known that he was living? And what could have been a greater surprise to the whole world, or struck such terror into the hearts of those who were opposing the return of the Napoleonic dynasty to the throne, or produced such enthusiasm among the French people as a military proclamation from Marshal Ney, at the head of the army of Napoleon, the Second, long after he was sup- HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 763 posed to be slumbering in the grave ? His advent to such position would probably have been regarded as a resurrection from the dead by the miraculous interposition of Providence, and have drawn to his standard the entire French nation. A LATER LETTER FROM COL. HOUSTON. In addition to the foregoing statement Col. Houston writes as follows to a correspondent of the Republican: Houstonia, Pettis Co., Mo., June 28, 1877. * * I am fully aware of the difficulty (perhaps improbability) of con- troverting an historical account of so important event as the execution of Marshal Ney, after its acceptance by the world as true for over sixty years. The opinion and facts as given in my statement have not been so profound a secret as the world might suppose. My most intimate friends have known for the past thirty years and more that I was fully convinced that the old French teacher of the Carolinas and Virginia, from 1816 to the time of his death in 1846, was no other than the distinguished Marshal Ney. I would be glad if the -Republican or some one would investigate this matter and assist in the vindication of the truth, or (in this instance) the untruth of history. The enclosed letter from Gen. John Gibbon will explain itself. I answered him but retained no cop}'. I was unable to assure him, however, that his old preceptor was the person referred to in his letter, as the last time I ever saw him was while teaching in the place referred to, in the year of of 1842 or 1843. Yours truly, Thomas F. Houston. gen. gibbon's letter. Ft. Shaw, Montana, June 7, 1877. Dear Sir: — My attention has been called to a newspaper article relat- ing to Marshal Ney, in which you are said to be authority for the state- ment. I feel an interest in knowing if they are authentic, for, in addition to the historical interest which attaches to them, I am curious to ascertain whether or not the statements refer -to the same old gentleman to whom I went to school in the spring of 1842, when preparing to'go to the Military Academy. The description of the personal appearance of the supposed Marshalcoincides perfectly with that of my old school master, who at that time kept a little country school near a place called Catawba Springs, Gaston County, N. C. The large bald head, with the great scar across it, I distinctly remember, and the old man had been nick- named "Marshal Ney" by the country people. Respectfully yours, John Gibbon. statement from w. o. sherrill. Newton, N. C, March 4, 1876. Editors Southern Home: — In a late issue of your paper there appeared a very interesting account of P. S. Ney, by Col. Houston, of Missouri. Being aware that O. G. Ford (now a citizen of this place) and 764 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. D. B. Gaither were- pupils of Mr. Ney, I called Mr. Ford's attention to the communication, and he ,says that in the main the statements of Col. Houston are correct, and that he (Ford) is satisfied that P. S. Ney was none other than the great Marshal Ney of France. Mr. Ney died at O. G. Ford's house, November, 1846, and O. G. Ford was his administrator. Letters of administration were issued by Rowan County Court. The manuscript referred to was turned over by the administrator to Mr. Pin- ney Miles, a member of the Historical Society of New York, in 1847, with the understanding that he was to solve the mystery as to whether P. S. Ney was Marshal Ney. Mr. F. received two or three letters from Mr. Miles, the last one from Europe, in which he thought there could be but little difficulty in establishing the fact for which the manuscript was placed in his hands. Mr. Ford says that when Ney received news of the death of Napoleon's son, he threw a great many papers in the fire, threw his watch on the floor, dismissed school, and he believes would have com- mitted suicide if not restrained. While Ney was on his death bed he would exclaim: Oh, my countrjM If I could only die in France! Marshal Ney Again. — From the Southern Home, Charlotte, N. C. Dr. Robert Dalton, formerly of Rockingham County, N. C, now of Los Angeles, Cal., writes that he knew Mr. Ney in 1827. In that year Mr. Ney visited Raleigh at the Governor's invitation and Judge Murphy, and was employed by them to write a history of the State. In consequence of a disagreement between the Governor and thejudgethe contract was broken off, and Mr. Ney returned to Virginia. On the way he spent a week with him, most of the time in his office., Dr. Dalton considered him the strongest minded man he ever knew, and was convinced of his being the veritable Marshal of the Em-pire. Dr. J. R. B. Adams, Oak Forest, Iredell County, N. C, says:— I have been entirely satisfied in my own mind [since 1842, that P S. Ney, who taught school two years within seventy-five yards of my residence, and is now buried in Third Creek graveyard, was the distinguished Mar- shal Ney. Organization. — Houstonia is one of the later townships organized in the county. It was originally the eastern half of Blackwater township and remained thus until 1844, when it became in the new arrangement part of Blackwater, Mt. Sterling and Elk Fork. It remained parts of these three townships until 1873, when in the new organization Houstonia was organ- ized put of parts of these three townships. As it is now organized it is situated in the northern part of the county, and is bounded on the north by Saline county, on the east by Longwood township, on the south by Dresden township, and on the west by Blackwater township. It is divided into voting precincts of Houstonia, in the northern, and Hughesville, in the southern portion of the township. The latter includes parts of Long- wood and Houstonia townships. In the election of 1880 there were cast in Houstonia, ninety-three votes for Hancock, Democratic candidate for President, and sixty-nine for Garfield, Republican candidate. Hughes- HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 765 ville, being the voting precinct for parts of two townships, the exact number of votes cast from this township in that precinct cannot be given. Configuration. — The township has no striking physical features peculiar to itself. Its land consists mostly of beautiful, rolling prairie, as fertile as any in the county, as beautiful as any in the world. Its streams of water are Heath's Creek, which rises in the southern central portion of the county and finds its way in a northeasterly direction through the township; Buffalo Creek and another small branch or two rise in the township and flow north into the Blackwater, and a few small branches rise in the western part of the township and flow west into the south fork of Blackwater. These are generally timbered with a supply sufficient for home consumption. The slope of the land is everywhere sufficient to afford excellent drainage. On every hand beautiful and well tilled farms are seen, with stately residences and complete out-buildings, and sur- rounded with well-trimmed orchards, bearing in their season abundant fruits. Beautiful blue grass pastures, with cattle and sheep roaming at liberty over them, are seen on every hand. In respect to pastures this section of Pettis County ranks second to none in America. The famous blue grass pastures;]of Kentucky are equalled in luxuriance of their natural products, and only surpass those of Pettis County in the quality of stock grazed on them, and in this it will be but a few years until Central Missouri must step to the front in this matter also. Early Settlers. — As the early history of this township is so inter- woven with that of its neighbors, it is almost impossible to give an accu- rate list of those who first settled within its borders. As near as we were able, we obtained a correct list of those who paved the way of opening the now populous township. Henry Guier settled here about 1834. He came from North Carolina, and has children now residing in the township. Bartlett Williams came in 1840. More than forty years ago he passed to his final rest. John L. Scott came about 1837, from Tennessee. He entered the land where Col. Houston's farm is now located, and lived there until his death. Daniel A. Gardner and Mrs. Paulina Coats both came at an early date. Mrs. Coats still lives in Houstonia, and Mr. Gard- ner resides in Lamonte. John Beatty came at an early day, and his widow still resides in Heath's Creek Township. A. N. Redd was another early settler, but has been dead a number of years. Cable Edmondson was an early settler. He came to the township from Maryland, and gave his attention to. farming and stock-raising. He had one of the first, if not the first herd of fine blooded stock in the county. A. H. Wilkinson settled at the head-waters of Heath's Creek as early as 1840. He came from the Old Dominion, and lived in the township until his death. But few 36 766 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. who saw these prairies in their wild and uncultivated state now remain to tell the story. Could those who opened the gates of civilization of this county view these well kept farms they would never recognize their old, favorite grounds for the chase. But such is progress. In a few years those who are now familiar with these scenes will have passed away, and other hands will direct the business of the community. Churches. — The churches of the township are three in number; two located at Houstonia and one at Hughesville. These all occupy commo- dious buildings, and their services are attended by large congregations. A number of the people of the township hold their membership with the churches nearest them, and in several cases these are situated in the bounds of other townships. The Christian Church of Houstonia numbers perhaps the largest con- gregation in the township, and was organized in 1870 by Elder Samuel McDaniel. Its history, in brief, as given by Mr. J. A. J. Downs, is sub- stantially as follows. We quote him throughout: "I assure you that for me to write a history of the church at Housto- nia would be embarrassing in the extreme, for in so doing I should have to write my own history for the last twelve years, without which no such history would be complete, and I have no desire to see my name, or the sac- rifices and efforts I have made, appear in public print. I have concluded to write some facts which may not be improper to appear in the History of Pettis County. I believe I was the first one to conceive the idea of build- ing a church at Houstonia. About the year 1870 there were a few per- sons in the neighborhood who belonged to different congregations, and many of them lived at considerable distance from their places of worship, and being far enough remote from other congregations, we determined to make an effort to build up a church that would be more convenient. After canvassing the matter with Brothers Longan, Houston, Guier and others, it was resolved to call a meeting at Prairie Grove school house, and invite Bro. Samuel McDaniel to be present with us, and organize what has since been known as Houstonia Congregation. We met in the spring of 1871, and proceeded to organize by selecting F. L. Longan and myself as elders, and Brothers Jack Longan and J.J. Guier as deacons; thirty- four members covenanting with us, mostly females. We immediately commenced holding public services at school houses and private residences. Brother McDaniel preached for us, assisted in his labors by Brother Price, who has long since departed to his final reward. Also that good old vet- eran, Bird Smith, sometimes supplied the pulpit. "As soon as the church was organized, we set about building a house of worship, and this was quite an undertaking, as there were only six or eight members that could be relied upon in furnishing material, and I doubt HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 767 whether there was ever a more sacrificing spirit manifested by so few, having so little of this world's goods. But we went to work, determined to succeed, and by the blessing of our Heavenly Father, we did succeed. We built our house, costing over $2,200, and paid for it. Immediately, the church began to prosper. We called Bro. Joseph B. Wright to preach for us, and large congregations attended his ministrations. Joy and glad- ness filled the hearts of the members, numbers were converted, and many additions were made to the church. Brother Wright preached for us for three years, then Bro. Chas. Shouse filled the pulpit for one year. In the meanwhile, the church had grown to 125 members, and Bro. George Plattenburg followed Brother Shouse's ministration, preaching two years; then Bro. Samuel McDaniel preached one year. He was followed by Bro. E. M. Berry, who preached a part of last year. "During the ministration of Bro. Shouse, Bro. M. M. Davis, now of Nevada, held one of the grandest meetings that was ever held for us, and it resulted in twenty-five additions to the membership. We have had the labors of many prominent preachers, of whom I cannot fail to mention that of the grand old veteran of the cross, G. W. Longan." The congregation worship in the beautiful house situated in the west- ern part of the village on high, rolling ground, and it is one of the first objects that is seen on coming in sight of the town. It is plainly, but comfortably furnished, and was dedicated in August, 1871, by J. B. Wright. Its members now number eighty-four, and they support a good Sunday School, with an average attendance of forty. C. W. Goodrich is superintendent, and G. W. Card, secretary. The names of the original members are J. A. J. Downs, Caroline Downs, Ann H. Haines, Mary E. Vanhook, Sallie P. Downs, Andrew T. Dorsey, Emma Dorsey, Wm. H. Johnson, Thos. F. Houston, Mary L. Houston, J. M. C. Weathers, Elizabeth Weathers, Jonathan Janney, Jane Janney, J. W. Rice, J. J. Guier, Susan C. Guier, J. B. Longan, Judith A. Longan, Gaines Berry, Elizabeth P. Berry, C. H. Hanes, F. L. Lon- gan, Mary D. Longan, Mary E. Alexander, David E. Longan, Katie Black, Isaac Shipley and Emily E. Longan. The M. E. Church South, of Houstonia, was organized by Rev. W. B. McFarland in February, 1869. Their first house of worship was built in 1870 by Rev. Joseph M. Kelley, a frame building, costing $1,700, and was dedicated by Elder M. M. Pugh, in December of the same year. The style of architecture is Gothic. It has a belfry and fine bell. The following have served the Church as pastors : Revs. W. B. McFarland, J. M. Kelley, A. M. Rader, W. S. Woodard, W. M. Bewley, M. Duran, J. B. H. Wooldrige and J. J. Hill, the present pastor. The names of the orginal members are as follows: J. Harter, W. R. Brown, G. Vanatta, John Sebring, George Williams, R. V. Westbrook, A. H. Nicholas, J. M. 768 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Clodfelter, T.essie Clodfelter, Christina Brown, Susan Harter, Martha Westbrook and Louisa Vanatta. Their present membership is- about one hundred. The Sabbath School has an average attendance of about thirty- five, with Burel Porter, Superintendent, and A. H. Nicholas, Secretary. This Church has had steady growth from its organization. Many have been converted at her altars, and some removed to various parts of the country with letters, and again others relapsed into sin. During the pastoral service of Brother Bewley an unusual religious awakening took place in September, 1879 ; about sixty conversions and fifty additions to this church were made. Since organization this church hg.s lost the following members by death : Lucinda Wallace, J. M. Wilboug, Tessie Clodfelter, Louis R. Jones, Mrs. Sarah\C. Nicholas, Fannie Black, W. F. McClure, Alferetta Gresham and Mrs. Ayres. These all died in faith and full hope of a blissful immortality beyond the grave. Of this membership the fol- lowing have served the church as Stewards, Sunday School Superin- tendents, &c: Stewards, A. H. Nicholas, J. M. Clodfelter, J. M. Wilfoug, J. Harter, David Jenkins and A. Smith. A. H. Nicholas has served as Steward and leader for about eleven years, and filled the office of Sun- day School Superintendent for ten years. , As to the pastors they have been men of age and ability, and marked for their Godly piety. This church was first organized by Brother McFarland, at a place two miles north of Houstonia, where ah acci- dental appointment was made for preaching by Brother McFarland, who, at the request of A. H. Nicholas, was induced to preach there on a fifth Sabbath. The Methodists having no organization in the neighborhood, and no Methodists except R. V. Westbrook and wife and A. H. Nicholas and wife, who had just moved to Houstonia. At this first appointment the preacher intended to preach and go home, but the Lord ordered otherwise; the word was blessed and the result was visible. The preacher again preached at night and continued the meeting through the week until twelve heads of families were converted and added to the church. That meeting gave rise to the present church and edifice in Houstonia. Schools. — There are at present eight schools in the township. Those of Houstonia and Hughesville will receive notices appropriate to them in connection with the villages. The others are all good frame buildings, and have from four to eight months school. The teachers are paid from $35 to $50 per month. Agricultural Interests. — In no part of the State is to be found more advantageously situated farming land than that of this township. On its rolling prairies, when the writer drove over them in the spring of 1882, were broad acreages of wheat and fine fields of corn,. and abundant pastures, on which were feeding large herds of cattle and sheep. Some HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 769 of the finest herds to be found in the county are in this township, and the yearly shipments from the village of Houstonia will reach or surpass that of any other station of its size in the county. Among the largest and finest farms of the township is that of Col. Houston, in the northern part. It consists of 1,800 acre, all under fence, and in cultivation and pasture. On this magnificent homestead the Colonel has a flock of 275 fine South- down sheep, and a herd of 75 full blood Durham cattle. Wm. Lowery, near Hughesville, has 1,000 acres, and a fine herd of full blood Durham cattle, and a fine flock of Merino sheep. Mrs. Mary E. Alexander has an 820 acre farm, with 100 fine Southdown sheep, and a large lot of cattle. The Messrs. Gentry also own large tracts of land, and have each of their farms finely stocked. Messrs. Higgins & Boyles are large buyers and shippers of mules. Many others are engaged in a greater or less extent in raising and shipping stock, and it will be but a few years until the grade of stock of all kinds in this section will equal that of any in the State. HOUSTONIA VILLAGE. In the center of a broad expanse of beautiful table land, extending back as far as the eye can reach in any direction, is situated the enterprising town of Houstonia. It was named in honor of Col. Thos. F. Houston, whose residence is near its corporation. To give a vivid description of the surrounding country, with its many elegant and commodious farm residences, which dot the prairie in a promiscuous display, and the beau- tiful streams, along whose banks are here and there skirts of timber, and the many herds of fine stock roaming over broad fields and rich pastures, would tax the powers of a Victor Hugo. It is not the purpose of the writer to attempt to give a detailed or exhaustive description of this locality, as it must be seen to be appreciated. Suffice it to say, that here is a section of country that is seldom equalled, and never surpassed, in point of beauty or productiveness, by any county in the State. It can be truthfully said that here may be found the beauty of the famous Valley of the Nile, and its agricultural wealth. The town is, as may be inferred, the most important shipping point of the county. During the year 1881, its shipments of live stock aggregated upwards of 165 cars, as well as 230 cars of grain, which, in view of the general failure of crops through- out the county, are facts that indicate its general prosperity. The town suffered a severe calamity on the 23d of February, 1875, by the long-to- be-remembered cyclone, of that date, an account of which is given in con- nection with this chapter. Since then it has built up rapidly, and now contains a number of beautiful and comfortable residences, and several business houses of more than ordinary pretensions. It has a commodious and comfortable schcol building, with a capacity to accommodate one hundred children, and in which Miss Lucy Hopkins is conducting a 770 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. school at present, which is well attended. The town has also two com- fortable church buildings, those of the Methodist Episcopal, South, and Christian denominations. Its business interests are represented by a num- ber of live, energetic business men, who are fast becoming widely and favorably known throughout the surrounding country. The present population of the town is about 280, and in consequence of its close proximity to the famous McAllister Springs, is destined in the near future to become a popular resort and an important distributing point. It is now the point of departure for persons visiting the Springs from the south and east, and as they are distant but about four miles, it is bound to become the residence of many people who are desirous of mak- ing their home within easy reach of them. The history of the place is easily written, as it only dates back a few years since the first store was erected. The following are the business men of Houstonia at the present time: Fred Wilson, postmaster and dealer in dry goods and groceries; Locket & Vantuyl, dealers in groceries and hardware ; A. F. Dorsey, gen- eral merchandise; Philip Washington, general merchandise; J. F. Steph- ens, druggist; Higgins & Boyles, livery and sale stable; J. H. Porter- field, livery and sale stable; Wm. Pettit, saloon; Mrs. Jennie McConnell, proprietress hotel; Smith & Calhoun, blacksmiths; Thos. A. Smith, ph}'- sician and surgeon; W. C. Riley, physician and surgeon; C. W. Good- rich, physician and surgeon; A. H. Nicholas, notary public; J. C. Young, agent Missouri Pacific R. R. ; J. G. Gregg, grain and stock dealer; J. W. McClure, grain and stock; F. Wilson, grain and stock; Longan & Bros., grain and stock. THE jHQUSTONIA CYCLONE. From the Sedalia Democrat, of February 25, 1875, we copy as fol- lows: At 4:40 p. m., Tuesday, the following dispatch was received at this office, relating briefly the terrible calamity which is given below- About the same time other dispatches were received, and the news cir- culated upon the streets, creating the wildest excitement and sympathy for the unfortunate people of Houstonia: Houstonia, Mo., February 23, 1875. Dr. A. T. Hull: — A tornado has torn down the railroad depot and every store and business house in town, and many residences — twenty houses in all — and wounded many citizens, some mortally. Of the latter, W. H. Porter and Dr. L. H. Williams; badly hurt, F. J. McClure, Jas. Sewell and George Scott. Thos. F. Houston. In a short time Supt. Cummings, with his characteristic energy, had a HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 771 special train at the depot. Mr. Cummings also summoned medical aid, and several physicians accompanied him— Drs. Trader, Evans, Conk- wright, Scott, J. B. Jones, J. B. McClure, E. Hughes, and others, whose names we forget. In company with about fifty others, a reporter of this paper proceeded to Houstonia. An hour's ride brought us to the storm- stricken town, which presented a scene that baffles description. The business portion of the town was in ruins, and the smouldering fires marked the sites of what a few hours before had been the largest stores in town. The country people had rallied in large numbers, and teams were busily engaged in transporting to places of safety what had been saved from the wind and fire. The depot was almost an entire wreck. The southern portion or ticket and telegraph office alone standing. The northern part was torn wide open, the walls were down, and the goods covered with the debris of the roof. To the right of this, an entire train of cars, some twelve in number, were blown from the track, and lay piled up in every conceivable shape. One car was blown seventy feet. Two cars were literally torn into kindling wood by the force of the hurricane. Where an ice house had stood, a short distance to the left of the depot, nothing remained but the ice piled up in regular blocks, just as it was put in. A livery stable was a pile of hay and boards, with dead horses in front, and wounded ones attempting to rise from amid the wreck. Little knots of people were gathered together, talking in low tones over the disaster, while others were so excited they could give no coherent account of the affair. , As it was nearly 'dark, and the confusion and excitement were great, we found it exceedingly difficult to get any connected account of the disaster; for different persons were differently situated, and the experience of one was different from the other. We give to our readers the following as the most lucid account concerning the approach of the tornado: Mr. Sellman, a farmer living on the edge of Houstonia, says about 3 p. m. he saw a small white mass of fog or cloud approaching from the direction of Knobnoster. It seemed very small at first, but grew rapidly in size, and appeared to shoot out long columns from its sides, which seemed to lick up everything within reach. It moved with lightning speed, passing between the houses of J. C. Higgins and Clay Gibson, missing both, but taking up Higgins' school house and scattering it like chaff in the air. It also struck Gibson's ice house and completely demolished it. Further in its course it took up the smoke house of Mr. Jenkins, slightly grazing the corner of his dwelling, but doing no damage. It then pursued a northeast course and moved in the direction of Houstonia. The people were all engaged in their usual avocations, the stores were < 772 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. all open, men working in shops, and in the various dwelling houses the inmates were pursuing their domestic duties unmindful of the terrible calamity which was coming down upon them with the lightning speed of the storm king's blast. The whistling of the dense mass was the first notice of its approach, which was observed but by few. A flock of geese was caught up in the vortex, and whirled around until stripped bare of their feathers. This rotary motion was kept up until the tornado burst like a thunderbolt upon the business part of the town, and in an instant it was leveled to the ground, and the air was filled with the flying fragments of buildings, merchandise, etc. A most appalling scene presented itself to the sight. The hurricane struck the town, happy in its apparent security, like a demon of destruction, and in the twinkling of an eye it was gone, leaving wreck, ruin and disaster in its path. One brief instant and the houses crushed like egg-shells, the air was filled with a horrible blackness and a roar that seemed to rend the earth. When the shock was over, a fearful scene presented itself. There prone upon the ground lay the business portion of the town. Men were crying beneath the ruins, which were piled on top of them, for help; fathers, sisters and brothers were running hither and thither, seeking for their relatives, and the whole face of the town had altered in an instant. To add to the excitement, a store (or rather the wreck of it) caught fire, and the flames speedily consumed the debris and the stock it covered. Fred. Wilson's store, adjoining, was blown against Porter's, and it, too, was consumed with all its contents. Mr. W. H. Porter was found under the debris of W. A. Porter's store. Those in the store heard the storm coming, and they tried to get out of it before the blast came. Mr. W. H. Porter ran out of the frontdoor and turned the corner of the store; but just as he did so the building fell upon him- and buried him beneath its ruins. When he was extricated it was found that his back was broken, as was also his leg, and he was otherwise badly hurt. He was removed to the house of Squire Nicholas, when medical assistance was summoned. His wife was also there. Everything was done for him that medical skill could devise, but his injuries are mortal and he cannot recover. He has a wife and four children. Dr. Williams, who resides about two miles west of Houstonia, was in town and was also injured. He received a fracture of two ribs and his lungs were also hurt. His condition is dangerous. George Scott had his leg fractured below the knee. Harris McClure had two ribs broken; but his wounds are not considered dangerous. Mr. Emerson was hurt in the lower part of the spine and otherwise bruised, not considered dan- gerous. He was caught in a blacksmith shop. Mrs. Carter, wife of John Carter, had both collar bones broken, a large incised wound of the HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 778 scalp, and her lips bruised. Mrs. Lachley and Mrs. Coates and her two daughters received slight injuries. Mr. Sanctuary had his leg broken below the knee. Mr. Bewrel was in the act of drawing coal oil when the storm struck the building he was in. He had his head badly cut and his arm bruised. John Gregg was hurt in the back of the neck. Dr. Idol was also slightly hurt. Nineteen houses, including stores, shops and dwellings, were utterly demolished. We give below the losses as near as we could ascertain them: Fred Wilson, general merchandise, lost his entire stock and building, valued at about $4,000. Mr. Boyles, of the firm of McClure & Boyles, had his dwelling entirely demolished. His family escaped with some slight bruises. Loss on dwelling, about $600. The firm of McClure & Boyles, grocery and dry goods merchants, lost their entire stock and building. Total loss, about $5,000. W. A. Porter lost his entire stock of groceries; the storm blowing his store over, and it catching fire was entirely consumed. Total loss, $1,500; insured. P. H. Washington, residing in Texas, was the owner of the building which Mr. Porter occu- pied. Mr. McGill lost his dwelling and stable. Loss, $1,000. The hotel, a two-story frame building, was destroyed. This property was owned by Joseph McDonnan. Loss, $1,200. Mr. Wiles, a lumber mer- chant, lost a grain house, the lower part of which was used as a carpen- ter shop. Loss, about $600. Mr. Sanctuary lost his shoe shop. Loss, about $'200. Jas. Shelly lost his blacksmith shop and wood shop, with contents. Loss, $700. Sules & Son lost a store building. Loss, $1,200. This building was occupied by W. H. Emerson & Co. with dry goods on the one side, and on the other side by Williams & Idol, with drugs. Others in the village lost as follows: H. J. Hall, of Lamonte, lost the building occupied by McClure & Boyles as a grocery; the township office with its contents was destroyed; W. A. Williams lost his saddlery shop ; A. Houston lost a small house situated near town ; L. Luchley lost house; several small buildings used as meat shops and blacksmith shops were destroyed. We were unable to ascertain the amount of loss the railroad company sustained by inquiry at the depot building. We should roughly estimate the entire loss at from $30,000 to $40,000. The tornado was one hundred yards in width. It came from the south- west and passed to the northeast, spending its full force on the business part of the town. It continued its course in the country, demolishing fences, stacks, etc. Five miles distant from Houstonia the tornado passed over a dwelling, then descended and carried away an out-house. It twisted large elm trees off like saplings, and its pranks were as erratic as they were terrible in effect. 774 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. This terrible visitation was a sad blow to this prosperous little town, and our citizens feel an earnest sympathy for their misfortune. We hope soon to see the town rebuilt, and its citizens achieve that prosperity their industry and intelligence so well merit. Conductor James K. Merrifield had just arrived at the depot with his train, as the tornado burst upon the town. The first thing "Jim" knew he was making lightning express time over the prairie, while his train was tumbling around on dry land, loose. As soon as it was over he took the locomotive and run to Brownsville for needed assistance, with which he returned. A young man who was standing on the depot platform suddenly found himself against a fence, about one hundred yards distant. Mr. Wiles was sitting in his grain warehouse next to the depot. The tornado took his building across the railroad track. He was thrown down, the stove fell upon him, and his coat was on fire when he extricated himself. A lady was crossing a street, when the hurricane threw her down in the mud with such force that she could not get out without help. Mr. Black was in Porter's store trying on a pair of boots. He was thrown down and a desk thrown on top of him. This probably saved him from greater injury. Mrs. Coates and her two daughters were at work in the two-story hotel. The tornado tore the house to atoms, lifted all three of them in the air, and carried them fully one hundred feet. A man led his saddle horse into a blacksmith shop. The smith hap- pened to see the storm coming,- and threw himself on the ground beside the anvil. When the tornado had passed, . the shop was gone, leaving him and the horse, the latter having the saddle blown from off him. The only building left in the town, where the storm struck, was the saloon. A blacksmith shop joined on the south and a meat market on the north; both the latter were swept away, but the saloon still stood unmolested. A man who saw the hurricane coming upon him, threw himself on the ground in the street, and was uninjured. Portions of the town were scattered for miles, and the fury of the wind, compressed into the small space it occupied, was incredible. BIXBY'S EXCURSION TO HOUSTONIA. About half-past one o'clock on Sunday evening, the Sedalia brass band began to pipe soul stirring music from the Ives House platform, which caused the people to begin at once to gather at the place, the occasion being the excursion to Houstonia, to give our people a chance to gaze on the ruins of that once nourishing town. HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 775 By two o'clock the depot rooms were full, and the platform was crowded. The train, composed of three large passenger coaches and a' caboose, was filled full before it had scarcely time to come to a halt, leaving orie-half of the people standing on the platform unprovided for. Deter- mined to take the crowd along, Mr. Bixby procured two cars from the M., K. & T. Company, which were also filled to their utmost capacity,, and at least one hundred persons were compelled to remain for lack of room. The brass band occupied the caboose, and all the standing room they could spare was taken up at first-class rates. Crowds of people were collected at the stopping places along the road,, who took up the little remaining standing room. At Houstonia the crowd alighted, and proceeded to interview the fear- ful and terrific work of the fierce tornado. The sight was such as we have already pictured to the readers of the Democrat. The debris of the nineteen destroyed buildings had been piled in heaps, at least what little of them had not been torn into shreds and scattered over the prairie like so much kindling wood. A blacksmith shop and Porter Bros.' store are the only buildings now being rebuilt. Fred Wilson will purchase lumber this week, and at once proceed to rebuild his store. The depot looks just as it came from the hands of the " storm king." Mr. Reinhart, the plucky agent, has improvised a box shanty — 8x10, where he now transacts his business. Shipments to and from that port are likely to be light for the present. Dr. W. H. Evans visited the wounded. Mr. Porter still remains at the house of Esq. Nicholas, and reports his condition as no better. He thinks that Mr. Porter may live for several days possibly, as this is a case where the patient's life must gradually wear away, but that there is no possible hope for recovery; the lower part of his body is paralyzed from the wound in his back. He eats a little, and drinks a great deal of water. Mrs. Coates, who kept the hotel, and was removed to the country to be cared for, was reported worse Sunday, and a doctor was sent out to see her. Mrs. Canter, who was reported dead, is recovering. All other parties that we were able to hear from are rapidly recovering. The saloon dispensed drinks at the usual price, and was well patron- ized. The train returned at five o'clock, not a single accident or unpleasant occurrence having marred the enjoyment of the trip. 776 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Mr. Ed Bixby deserves considerable praise for the undertaking. He is a first-class railroadist, and acquitted himself with honor. The proceeds of the excursion, after paying expenses, will go to the Houstonia sufferers, of which there are several families in great need. RELIEF FOR THE HURRICANE SUFFERERS. Word was brought by the Lexington train Thursday morning that a number of sufferers by the tornado in Houstonia on Tuesday were with- out food, and that they had called on Brownsville for aid. Our citizens at once took active measures to raise sufficient funds to alleviate their distress, and in two hours raised about $130 in money and provisions to send up by the noon train. Messrs. Ira E. Barnes and E. W. Bixby were appointed a committee to accompany the relief, and see it properly distributed. Supt. Cummings, of the Missouri Pacific, kindly offered the committee free transportation for themselves and the provisions and goods donated. In the liberality displayed by our citizens we cannot overlook that man- ifested by Messrs. Brown & Pratt, of the Ives House, who sent up a large lot of cooked provisions. We learn that Mr. Cummings will send any donation of food, etc., free, ■until the emergency is passed. N. T. ALLISON. Is in fact a man who has spent the greater part of his life in the upbuild- ing of a civilization, which is now the admiration of the Republic. He was born in the Territory of Illinois, near the present town of Edwardsville, Madison County, on the 9th day of December, 1817. In 1821 his parents crossed the Mississippi River at St. Louis en route to .Cooper County, where they made a settlement. Here the youthful days of our subject were spent, assisting his parents with the duties of the farm and in mak- ing salt, which occupations occupied his labors for many years. During the Mormon troubles in Clay County in 1833, he joined a company of vol- unteers that went from his neighborhood to remove them from Far West, which was accomplished without any collision of arms. In February, 1843, he was married in Pettis County to Miss Elizabeth Tussey, and the same year made a settlement on Heath's Creek of this county, where he purchased and improved a farm. He was among the early settlers of this locality, and in company with his young and loving consort succeeded in improving and establishing a home in the then thinly settled region. Churches, schools, markets, mills and neighbors were few and far between in those early years of the county's growth. By industry and perseverance he succeeded in developing a business of large proportions and accumulating a comfortable home. Politically Mr. Allison has been , HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSAIP. 777 a strong Union man, and during the civil war was for a time actively engaged in its defence; was on scouting duty for the State Militia several months. During the times of the Shelby and Price raids, he was in the engagements at Lime Creek and Blackwater. Mr. Allison is now retired from active life, having been rendered an invalid by a severe attack of rheumatism in the autumn of 1881. He is the parent of seven children, all of whom have received a liberal education; Jonathan, a resident of this county; Monroe, now in Colorado; John, Emily, a school teacher of this locality; A. Thompson, William, and Rose, a student of the Christian College of Columbia. Mr. Allison and sons are now conducting a farm of 750 acres and are doing an extensive business. Thus we have traced the ups and downs of one more of the pioneers of Pettis county, a man who has long since past the meridian of life, whose entire career has been full of usefulness and thrilling experience and is still laboring on for the advancement of the cause of civilization. J. H. CARD. Post-office, Houstonia, one of the prosperous farmers. Was born in Cooper County, Mo., on the 9th day of December, 1858. His father, J. D. Card, was one of the, early settlers and a native of that county. His paternal grandfather, Josiah H. Card, was also a pioneer there, and was a native of Kentucky. Our subject, Mr. J. H. Card, came to this county, in March, 1880, and engaged in farming. He was married in August, 1881, to Miss Sally A. Howe of Cooper County, a lady of refinement. Mr. Card is now largely engaged in farming. He and his father and brother are conducting a farm of 400 acres and are doing a good business. GEORGE W. CRAWFORD. Stock raiser and farmer, post-office, Hughesville. Prominent among the many enterprising and energetic business farmers of this township should be mentioned the name of George W. Crawford, who is a native of Northampton County, Penn. Was born on the 8th of May, 1838. When he attained the age of twenty years he took up the trade of a car- penter and joiner and served a regular apprenticeship. At the breaking out of the war Mr. C. was an earnest sympathizer in the Union cause, and in the autum of 1861 he enlisted in Company B, 51st Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers. He was engaged in many severe and bloody battles^ and Nov. 14, 1863, was captured by the Confederates and conveyed to Libby prison. In March, 1864, he was removed to Andersonville prison, where'he experienced all the horrors and privations of that execrable prison, for many months. From there he was conveyed to Florence, South Carolina, where he was kept until March, 1865, when he was exchanged, having served a term of more than fifteen months as a prisioner of war. 778 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. > He was, at the time of his return, a physical wreck, having endured the pangs of hunger, and experienced the wasting influences of disease: Dur- ing his prison life Mr. C. was actively engaged in trading in provisions and other articles with his fellow prisoners, and it is to his active, stirring disposition and pursuits that he to-day owes his life. Soon after his release Mr. Crawford returned to his home, and on the 9th of Nov., 1865, was married in Pennsylvania, to Miss Mary Bosserd, who is also a native of that State. In March, 1868, he came west with his family, locating on his present farm. Since his arrival in Pettis County Mr. C. has accomplished much, as he came here with limited means, and through his energy and judicious management has succeeded in surround- ing himself with many comforts of life. He owns a well improved farm, " Crawford Lawn," which consists of 160 acres, and also one adjoining it of 360 acres, as well as 30 acres of valuable timber. He is largely engaged in stock raising and is now directing his best efforts to that busi- ness. His home place is a model farm in every respect, adorned with a handsome and commodious dwelling, beautifully situated on a gentle eminence, adorned with a large orchard and ornamental trees, and pre- sents an appearance which is pleasing to the eye. As a citizen and busi- ness man Mr. Crawford is highly appreciated. He is a man of general culture and liberal education, and rates men entirely from point of charac- ter and intelligence. His hospitality is also worthy of special mention, as his doors are always open for the entertainment of worthy people, and the writer is under many obligations for kind and generous treatment received from himself and family. R. P. CRUME. Residence, Hughesville. Knowing the strong desire that pervades the human heart for knowledge concerning the origin or beginning of all things, we are of the opinion that a brief sketch of the life of a man who was> among the first business men of the place and among the zealous workers for the upbuilding of Christianity, will not fail to interest in connection with the history of Hughesville. We trust that when this century will have been buried in the dim memory of the past, that then will be visible and appreciated the fruits of his labors, manifested in the morality and christ- ian spirit of the people. Mr. Crume is a native of Kentucky. Was born in Nelson County, May 2, 1844. His youthful days were spent in assisting his parents in the duties of a farm and in acquiring an education, until he attained his twentj'-second year; he formed habits of honesty and industry which have since become deep seated constituents of his charac- ter. In October, 1856, he came west, remaining about seven months in Edgar County, 111., when he came to Pettis County, Mo. In January, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie Meng, a lady of christian HISTORY OF HOUSTON IA TOWNSHIP. 779 spirit and liberal culture. She is a native of Missouri. Soon after mar- riage Mr. Crume become associated with the Christian Church, and has since been an active and zealous worker as has also, his wife. They were among the original members and founders of the High Point and Hughes- ville organizations of that denomination, and he was one of the first deacons, which office he has filled with credit to the present time. He has long been identified with Sabbath School work in this section, and we trust his good works in this direction will be remembered long after this volume becomes impaired with age. As a citizen and business man Mr. C. is highly esteemed; he has been engaged in stock shipping and dealing for the past few years. But is now giving his entire attention to the walnut lumber trade, which business calls him over a broad expanse of territory. He is now enjoying the comforts of a neat and well appointed home,, and is still laboring on in the cause of Christianity and the good of his fellow beings. JAMES A.J. DOWNS. Stock raiser and farmer. Post-office, Houstonia. Prominent among the early settlers of this locality appears the name of the subject of this brief sketch, who is a native' of Clarke County, Indiana; was born on the fifth day of March, 1826. His father, James Downs, was a native of Maryland, and died when our subject was about four weeks old. In 1831 his mother moved to Louisville, Ky., where he remained until he attained his fifteenth year. His early youth was devoted to attending school dur- ing the winter seasons and assisting his mother in various duties the bal- ance of each year. He has been closely identified with the interests of the county, as well as having aided largely in its development. Politically he has always been a Democrat and a zealous advocate of the principles of that party. During the civil war he remained a non-combatant, and what is remarkable, was never molested or insulted by any of either party. His earnest sympathies were with the Southern cause, although he was a zealous advocate for the Union and a decided opponent of secession. In the campaign of 1880 he allowed his name to go into the convention as a candidate for Representative, and received thirty-six votes, a very compli- mentary expression. He has filled the office of Peace Magistrate for a term of twelve years. During his early youth Mr. Downs was presented with a silver medal by President Jackson, in whose honor he was named, as a token of regard. Mr. Downs and wife have been active members of the Christian Church, and among its most liberal contributors for forty-one years. They have raised a family of seven children, M. Robert, an attor- ney of Kansas City; JerT H., James, Ann M., wife of C. Haynes; Mary E., now Mrs. R. Van Hook; Sally P., wife of W. S. Robertson, and Matilda, who resides with them. They lost five children. He yet retains a 780 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. valuable, well improved farm of 320 acres. He has given all his children a liberal education, at a great expense. In 1841 he came west with an elder brother, and located on a farm near Marshall, in Saline County, this State On J )ec. 8, 1844, he was married in that county to Miss Caroline Sandridge, a lady of culture, who is a native of Albemarle County, Va. In the autumn of 1849, he moved to Pettis County, locating in Blackwater Township, where he purchased and entered a tract of 400 acres of land, most of which he subsequently improved. In January, 1858, he moved to his present location, and has since made extensive and substantial improvements. Mr. Downs has taken an active interest in public affairs. J.S. DOWNS. Farmer. Post-office, Houstonia. He is a son of Jas. A. J. Downs. Was born in Pettis County, on the ninth day of March, 1859. He received a liberal education, which was finished at Kirksville Normal Institute in the spring of 1881. On the twelfth of July of that year he was united in marriage to Miss J. Hoye, a native of Adair County, Mo. In the spring of 1881 Mr. Downs started out in business for himself, 'and is now in pos- session of a good farm of 120 acres, which is well improved. He is an energetic, enterprising y'oung business farmer. J. N.FERGUSON. Physician and surgeon, Hughesville. Among the many medical prac- titioners of Pettis County, no man has done more for the alleviation of suffering humanity than has Dr. J. M. Ferguson, who is a native of Kentucky; was born near Bloomfield, on the twenty-eighth of Aug., 1840. When he attained his nineteenth year he commenced the study of medi- cine, under the tuition of Dr. C. D. Case, an eminent physician of Wash- ington, Ky., with whom he continued about six months. He next studied under the direction of Drs. Stone and Bascom, who were his preceptors. He entered the medical department of the State University at Louisville, in the winter of 1860, from which institution he graduated with honor. In 1861 he was united in marriage to Miss A. E. Jones, a lady of liberal culture, who is a native of Kentucky. In "the spring of 1874 the doctor came to Pettis County, locating on a farm adjoining Hughes- ville, where he now enjoys the possession of a beautiful and lux- urious home. He has applied himself closely to the pursuits of his pro- fession since he acquired a sufficient knowledge of the " healing art," and has won a reputation for skill and honesty which he justly merits. He has a large and desirable practice, and has unbounded success in his treat- ment of patients. He has done much to alleviate the sufferings of all classes ; in fact, is always ready to assist the needy as well as the more for- tunate, and many of the poor of the locality have reason to be grateful for HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 781 kind and generous treatment received at his hands. The doctor and wife are consistent members of the M. E. Church, South, and have been among its most liberal contributors in this settlement. He is now enjoy- ing the comforts of a fine and tastefully appointed home, situated on a beautifully located farm of 160 acers, which forms one of the most desira- ble homesteads in this party of the county. WILLIAM FOWLER. Farmer and blacksmith, Hughesville. An energetic business man, comfortably situated on a nice farm of eighty acres of well cultivated land, and is also proprietor of the Hughesville blacksmith shop. He is a native of Scotland, where he was raised, and on the 7th day of April, 1869, he left the home of his childhood, and on the 9th of the same month took steamer from the city of Glasgow, arriving in New York City on the 29th of that month. In the spring of 1880 he came to Hughesville, where he erected the first blacksmith shop of the place. He learned the trade in his early youth, serving a regular apprenticeship under a competent blacksmith. He is now doing a good business in this line, and is also doing a profitable business in farming and stock raising. In the summer of 1879 he built his present residence, which in point of neatness of design ,. elegance of finish and convenience of arrangement, will compare favora- bly with any in this locality. In September, 1873, he was married to Miss Elsie Price, who is also a native of Scotland. This union has brought them five children: Catherine E., Margaret, Elizabeth, William Price and John. Mr. Fowler and wife are closely associated with the Pres- byterian Church and are warm supporters of the cause of Christianity. In the autumn of 1881, Mr. F. was appointed to the office of Peace Magistrate, and is now discharging the duties of that office. C. W. GOODRICH. Physician, Houstonia. He was born in Athens County, Ohio, the 11th day of September, 1841. His childhood and tender years were devoted to attending school and assisting his father with the duties of the farm. At the breaking out of the war he determined to assist in defence of the Union, and on the 31st day of July, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He participated in many hard fought battles, among which were the battles of Stone River, Hooser Gap, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and all engagements on the Atlanta Campaign. He was twice wounded during his service, and was promoted to First Lieutenant for gallant service. In 1865 he was mustered out, and soon returned to his home. On Jan. 7, 1866, he was married in his native county to Miss N. J. Clark, who is a native of that county. When 37 782 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. about twenty-seven years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. E. M. Bean, who was his preceptor about two years. He then entered the Physio Medical Institute of Cincinnati, and attended during its sessions of 1869-70 and 1873-4, graduating with honor in the spring of 1874. In the autumn ot 1875 he came to Moniteau County, Mo., where he was engaged in practice until the autumn of 1876, when he came to Hous- tonia. The Doctor is of the Physio Medical System persuasion, and has been very successful in his practice, and now enjoys a liberal patronage from the people. In July, 1875, his first wife died, and in July, 1876, he was again married to Miss Hattie B. Martin, of Athens County, Ohio. He has four children living: Ida C. and Abbie E. from first union, and Bingham G. and Lottie B. from his second wife. The Doctor and wife are active members of the Christian Church. In 1878 he was elected to the office of Peace Magistrate, and still holds the office. M. McGRUDER. Proprietor Hughesville boot and shoe shop. One of the most enter- prising and energetic business men of the place. Is a native of Frederick County, Va. Was born on the 29th day of September, 1846. His father was a shoemaker, and the early youth of our subject was spent in acquiring an education and gaining a knowledge of his father's trade. He served a regular apprenticeship under the careful instruction of his father and continued in its pursuits until the breaking out of the civil war. Although but a mere lad of sixteen years he determined to aid in defense of their homes and property, and in 1861, enlisted in Company K, Fifth Volunteer Infantry, Confederate service. During his term as a soldier Mr. McG. experienced an eventful and chequered lite. He was engaged with his company in many of the severest and most bloody battles of the war and received three wounds, and was afterwards taken prisoner. He participated in the battles of Winchester, Manassas, Bull Run, seven days fight of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Middle River, and in all engagements of the campaign of the Valley of Virginia. He was wounded at the battle of Middle River, and also at Spottsylvania, and received a severe bullet wound in the collar bone at Spottsylvania. He was captured by the Federals at Newtown, Va., conveyed to Camp Chase, Ohio, where he was kept as a prisoner ot war, until the spring of 1865. He soon afterwards located at Black Lick, Franklin County, O., where he was married to Miss Louisa Schaffar, daughter of Jacob Schaffar, an eminent physician of that locality. She was a native of that State, and died in 1874, leaving one bright child. In the spring of 1877 Mr. M. moved to Texas, locating at Austin, where he was engaged in stock business. In November, 1878, he came to Pettis County, and in the autumn of 1879 erected his present HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 783 shop at Hughesville. Since his coming) to Hughesville, Mr. M. has built up an extensive and satisfactory business in his line. He has established a reputation for honest and reliable work, which insures for him a large and satisfactory trade. He is a man who is master of his trade and can accom- plish anything in his line; his work will compare favorably with any done in our large cities in point of reliability, and beauty of finish. He is enjoying the comforts of a beautiful homestead, which consists of fifteen acres adjoining the town. Has an interesting and intelligent family. His present wife he married in Ohio, in 1875. She is a native of Licking County, her maiden name was Amy Harris, daughter of John Harris. Thus we have observed the ups and downs of a man who has scarce past the meridian of life, whose entire life has been full of usefulness and thrilling experience, a man who has faced the dangers of many bloody fields and endured the hardship of prison life, and is now pursuing the peaceful pursuits of legitmate trade. J. J. GUIER. Farmer and stock raiser. Residence, section twenty; post-office, Houstonia. Prominent among the enterprising business farmers of this township should be mentioned the name of J. J. Guier. He is a son of the late Henry Guier, who was an old settler of this locality, and a native of North Carolina, and moved to Kentucky when about thirteen years of age. Locating in Trigg County, where our subject, Mr. J. J. Guier, was born on the 1st day of Oct., 1830. In 1838 he came with his parents to Missouri; they made a short stay of about two years in Howard County, when they moved to Pettis County, locating on a farm a few miles north- west of Houstonia. They were among the first settlers in this locality, and in consequence endured man}' privations and inconveniences which are inevitable in the first settlement of a country. On the 2d day of Sept., 1869, Mr. Henry Guier was called to God, and has left a name which is specially dear to many of the early settlers and friends, who had been neighbors during the early years of the county's growth. Mr. J. J. Guier is a man who has done much for the improvement of the county, and has been closely identified with its growth. He has given his attention to farming since his early youth, and has succeeded well in his calling. In 1855 he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza J. Buck, who is a native of Pulaski County, Ky., and came to Missouri in 1838; this union has brought them five children, all of whom are living. Mr. Guier and wife are active members of the Christian Church, and were among the founders of the Houstonia organization of that denomination. They have done much for' the upbuilding of the church and Christianity in this locality. Their home has been frequently used as a place of divine worship before the county was provided with churches. They have given liberally of their time and 784 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. means to the upbuilding of the cause, and are still laboring zealously to that end. Mr. Guier is now carrying on an extensive business in farming and stock raising, and is in possession of a valuable farm of nearly six hundred acres. His farm is well improved, with a large and handsome dwelling, beautifully situated, and adorned with shade, ornamental and fruit trees, comfortable barns and outbuildings, and in fact everything about his place bespeaks the man of enterprise and industry, He has taken a great interest in giving his family the advantage of a liberal edu- cation, and is now enjoying the comforts of a peaceful and quiet home, surrounded by wife and children. WILLIAM HAMM, Deceased. Was one of the early settlers of this county; was a native of Augusta County, Va.; was born on the 14th day of April, 1794. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, having been promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant. In 1823 he was married in his native county to Miss Jane Clifton, of that county. In the autumn of 1844 he came to Pettis County with his family, locating on the farm now occupied by his son, Geo. T. Hamm. In 1865 he was deprived of his loving consort by the grim messenger of death, and was himself finally called to that home above in 1879. During his days on earth Mr. Hamm accomplished much for the good of his fellow beings, and had seen many changes occur in America. For several years previous to his death he was remunerated by a pension for his services in the war of 1812. He was the father of seven children: John H., Geo. T., Elizabeth J., James E., Clemenza B., William C, and a son, B. Hamm. Geo. T. Hamm was born in Augusta County, Va., Jan. 16, 1835 ; made his home with his parents until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, and on Sept. 4, 1861, he enlisted in the Twenty-seventh Missouri Infantry, and served a term of six months, and in April, 1862, he re-enlisted, was assigned to the Seventh Missouri Cavalry, Company D, State Militia, and was with his com- mand in all its engagements until April, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He was promoted to Second Lieutenant and Regimental Adjutant during his service, and participated in many hard fought engage- ments. Soon after his return home he engaged in teaching school, which he followed for several years. He was' married Dec. 27, 1867, to Miss Kate Neal, of Pettis County. Six children have been born to them: Thos. F., William C, Ailcy J., John N., Martha A. and Mollie J. Mr. Hamm is now in possession of a good farm of 120 acres. W. L. HAWKINS. Merchant. No sketch of Hughesville would be complete without here making mention of this enterprising young business man, who is a native HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 785 of the "Lone Star" State; was born near San Antonio, Texas, Jan. 3, 1857. In January, 1881, he came to Hughesville and embarked in mer- cantile life. He is doing a large and profitable business and commands the confidence and esteem of the people of this locality as an honest and upright business man. He occupies a handsome store building with a. frontage of twenty feet and a depth of forty feet, to which is attached an addition of sixteen feet, and the entire building is completely filled with a selected stock of dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, hardware, medicines, oils, flour, etc. He is also a liberal dealer in country produce, and it can be truthfully said that no merchant in the history of the town has done a more satisfactory business than has the subject of this sketch. Although a young man Mr. Hawkins is well versed in mercantile trade, and fully understands the management of a general merchandise business. He has been continually extending his trade until now it covers a broad expanse of territory, and as the people are attracted to his establishment their patronage is secured. He is a man who is closely identified with the social and business interests of this locality, and has thus far won for him- self a favorable reputation. CLAUS HEINS. No history of Hughesville would be complete without here making mention of this enterprising citizen, who has been so closely identified with the business interests of the town. He is a native of Hanover, Ger- many; was born in October, 1848. In 1866 he came to America and made his first settlement near Concordia, Lafayette County, Mo., where he was engaged in farming until 1873, when he came to Pettis County and followed agricultural pursuits about one year, when he embarked in mer- cantile trade at Hughesville. He erected the present store building of the place and continued to do an extensive trade in that line until- about two years ago. In 1877 he engaged in dealing and shipping grain and live stock, and has since built up a business in that line of extensive pro- portions. He now commands the trade of a large scope of country, and has built up a reputation for a liberal and honest dealer, and commands the confidence of the people as a business man. In 1874 he was appointed postmaster and has since filled the duties of the office to the satisfaction of the department and public. In February, 1879, he was appointed station and express agent for the railroad company and has given general satis- faction in that position. He is a man who has done much for the business and social interests of the town, and is now numbered among the substan- tial business men of the county. He is in possession of a neat and com- fortable bome and is enjoying many of the comforts of life, surrounded by an interesting family. 786 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. H. CLAY HIGGINS. Stock raiser and farmer, postoffice, Houstonia; one of the energetic,, prosperous farmers of this township. Is a native of Pettis County, and was born in 1853. When about twenty-two years of age. he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. W. R. Parsons, and in the autumn of 1876, he entered the medical department of the State University, where he pursued his studies until the close of that session, and in the autumn of 1877, entered the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis, where he studied one term. In the spring of 1880, he was married to Miss B. E. Wallace, a lady of refinement and liberal culture, and in the spring of that year he moved to his present farm, and embarked in business for himself. He is now in possession of a farm which is among the most productive and valuable in this township. It contains 280 acres, well cultivated and fenced, with good buildings, and many natural advantages as a stock and grain farm. Mr. Higgins is a man who has gained the esteem of all good citizens for his many sterling qualities. They are the happy parents of one bright son, Price. COL. THOS. F. HOUSTON. "Man liveth not to himself alone." The truth of which text millions of human beings have testified in all ages of the christian world, and the truth of the assertion is forcibly portrayed in the example and life of Col. Thos. F. Houston. He is a man who has done more for the development of society in this locality, than any citizen in this part of the county. He is a native of Iredell County, N. C, is a son of Placebo Houston, and grandson of Christopher Houston, an eminent soldier and officer of the Revolutionary War, who settled in Rowan County, (now Iredell) before the commencement of that struggle for independence. His grandfather, Christopher Houston, improved a farm, and established a post-office at Houstonville, and was postmaster for many years, as was also Placebo Houston, the father of Thomas F., the subject of our sketch. Col. Thos. F. Houston was born July 30, 1818. His early youth was spent in acquiring an education, and assisting his father in the duties of the plantation. When about twenty years of age he began the study of law, under the tuition of Gen. James Cook, of Mocksville, and afterwards with Hon. R. M. Pearson, late Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, and was licensed to practice by the Supreme Court of that State in June, 1840. In 1 845, he located at Leighton, Ala., where he was married that year to Miss Mary M. Hampton, a lady of culture and refinement. She is a native of North Carolina, but was raised in Ala- bama. In the autumn of 1846, he came west, locating where now stands the village of Bunceton, Cooper County, Mo. Here he continued HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 787 farming until the spring of 1851, when he came to Pettis County, locating on his present farm. His original purchase was 920 acres, to which he subsequently added until he was in possession of a body of near 5,000 acres. Since his coming to this county Colonel H. has changed the appearance of this locality to a great extent, and in a few years the fruits of his industry were plainly visible. Broad fields of wheat and corn, to the extent of 3,000 acres, large herds of cattle, sheep and swine, could be seen where but a few years previous was barrenness and waste. His improvements were of a substantial as well as an extensive character. At the breaking out of the war, Col. Houston was a strong Union man , but on account of the policy adopted by the Federals, be became an earnest sympathizer with the Southern cause, and early in 1861, joined the Confederate corps under Capt. Robinson. Early in 1862, he was commissioned Lieut.-Colonel, to organize and drill a regiment, which he succeeded in doing, and was captured by the Federals when about ready to depart for the, front. He was kept a prisoner, and was indicted by the United States Court, and kept under parole until 1865. When he returned home he again took up the peaceful pursuits of his business. That he has been identified with the development of the county, as well as the organization of society, are facts too widely known to admit of question. He was one of the founders of the Agricultural Society, and was chosen president and director, which offices he filled efficiently for many years. He, in fact, gave liberally of his time and means to its support. He organized and established the first school in this section, and has been an active worker for educational interests since. He was also one of the found- ers of the Houstonia Christian Church, and has been a liberal contribu- tor since its organization. During the agitation of the railroad project the Colonel was elected a director of the Lexington & St. Louis R. R. Company. He was then elected vice-president, and later, president; which office he held until the road was transferred to the Missouri Pacific Railway Company, and it is to him that credit is due for the present loca- tion of the line, as it was decided by the board of directors to make Lamonte the junction with the other line, but the persistent and untir- ing efforts of the Colonel resulted in obtaining a reconsideration which resulted in favor of the present location of the road. This act alone should secure for him the lasting gratitude of the people of this locality. In the autumn of 1880, he was unanimously chosen by the Democratic Convention as a candidate for Representative to the Legislature, and was elected by a large majority, although he persistently refused the office. He has made an efficient and honorable Representative, and identified himself with measures which resulted to the advantage of his constituents. He has raised a family of five children: Frank, an attorney of Sedalia; Augustus Y., also a business man of Sedalia ; Mary, wife of Jas. S. Napton; 788 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Elizabeth, who died in 1875, the wife of John Napton; and Emma, who resides with her parents. C. C. HUGHES. Farmer, and old settler of this county. Is a whole-souled and generous spirited citizen. He was born in Cooper County, Mo., on the 20th day of November, 1830. His father, Richard Hughes, was among the pioneers of that county, locating there in 1826, where he lived until 1850, when he died, leaving a large family of children. Our subject's days were spent in the duties of the farm, until his, father's death, when he joined a wagon train enroute for the gold fields of California. He remained but about ten months in that State when he started for his home. In 1853 he located in Pettis County and was for several years engaged in the milling busi- ness. In 1870 he moved to Johnson County, where he was engaged in farming until 1877, when he again located in Pettis County, and has since continued to make it his home; In 1867 he was married to Miss N. J. Howe, who is also a native of Cooper County, her parents having been among its early settlers. She is an estimable lady of liberal education. Their family consists of four children : Maggie L., Robert J., Nannie E. and a son C. C. They lost one son J. M. Mr. Hughes is in possession of a nice farm of 80 acres of fertile land. THOS. J. HUGHES. Farmer and stock raiser, post-office, Hughesville. No history of the State of Missouri would be complete without making mention of the Hughes family, who were among the founders of civilization in Cooper County. Samuel Hughes, one of the first settlers of that county, was a native of Tennessee, and located in Cooper County in 1824, an early date in its settlement. He located near Pilot Grove, where he made his home until the breaking out of the war. Here the subject of this sketch was born into the world on the 23d day of January, 1829. His youthful days were spent in agricultural pursuits and obtaining an education. His tender years were spent amid the toilsome ever changing scenes of pioneer life of the west, which has given to the world many men of sterling worth. In 1853 he was married in his native county to Miss Sally C. Taylor, who was also a native of that county. She died in 1866, leaving a family of four children, who are still living, Newton, William, Susan and Lucy. In 1876 Mr. Hughes came to Pettis County, and has since made it his home. He has remained a widower since his wife died, and is now comfortably situated on a farm near Hughesville. He is at present conducting a farm of 160 acres and fully understands the duties of farm. life. Mr. Hughes is a man who has seen many changes come to Missouri; he has in fact wit- nessed nearly its entire growth, and has always been deeply interested in HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 789 its welfare. His ancestors were among the founders of a county which has since attained such eminence, and it is but just that the historian should seek to perpetuate the memory of those who braved the perils and endured the hardships of a primitive life to establish the civilization that we now enjoy. MRS. M. LOTTIE HUTCHISON. Post-office, Hughesville. A widow lady of liberal means, located on a nice farm of 160 acres near Hughesville. She was reared in St. Louis, rtceiving a liberal education. Her maiden name was McDonald and is a daughter of the late Isaac McDonald. When a mere child her mother died and she was taken into the family of the Hon. Secretary Edwin. M. Stanton, the revered Secretary of War of President Lincoln's administra- tion. During the late civil war Mrs. Hutchison was amid the exciting scenes, and although alone much of the time she always showed a marked courage. She has been closely identified with the social and other inter- ests of the county, and was held in high esteem by officials of high rank for her marked ability and genial fortitude during the civil war. She is of an old and wealthy family. JONATHAN JANNEY. Stock-raiser and farmer. Prominent among the many enterprising business men of this township should be mentioned the name of J. Janney, one of the self-made, self-educated business farmers. He is one of the old settlers of the county, and a native of Cecil County, Md.; was born in 1814. He was raised to manhood in his native county; when about eighteen years of age he apprenticed himself to a carpenter and served a regular apprenticeship at that trade. He followed its pursuits in eastern cities until the spring of 1837. Being possessed of an energetic, pushing disposition, he became impressed with the idea that Missouri offered superior inducements to men of industry and honesty; he came to Pettis County in the spring of the last named year, locating at Georgetown, where he pursued his trade for many years. In the spring of 1848 he joined a wagon train en route, for Santa Fe, and was engaged in freight- ing until the autumn of 1849, when he returned home to Georgetown. In May, 1850, he started on a trip across the plains to California, arriving in Salt Lake City in August; removed in March, 1852, and pursued his journey to Sacramento Valley, where he was engaged in stock trading until the spring of 1853. He embarked for the States and came by water route, crossing the Isthmus of Panama and arrived in New York City, from whence he visited his old home in Maryland for a few days and again came to Pettis County. In 1855 he purchased a part of his present farm, to which he has since added until now it is one of the most valuable 790 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. and desirable farms in this locality. It consists of, 360 acres, well im- proved, watered and drained. It is divided into many fields, pastures and lots by good substantial fences and hedges, adorned with a large and comfortable dwelling, commodious barns and outbuildings, and in fact all its appointments are indicative of the man of enterprise and sound busi- ness judgment. He is largely engaged in the raising of fine sheep, cat- tle, swine, etc. In 1854 he was married in this county to Miss Jane Beaty, who is a native of this county. This union has brought them eight children, seven of whom are now living. Mr. Janney is a man who has done more for the upbuilding of the county than any man in this locality. He has succeeded in building up a comfortable home and valuable busi- ness, and it is to his industry, careful management, and honest and up- right dealings that he owes his prosperity. 4 J. M. LEWIS. Stock-raiser and farmer. One of the prosperous, enterprising early settlers of Pettis County. Was born in White County, Tenn., on the 5th of January, 1837. His parents were natives of that State and were engaged in agricultural pursuits, to which duties his youthful days were devoted. In October, 1857, he came West, locating in Butler, Bates County, Mo. In the spring of 1860 he came to Pettis County, locating near Rowletta. At the breaking out of the' war he became an earnest sympathizer with the Union cause, and on March 2, 1862, enlisted in Company B, Seventh Missouri Cavalry (State Militia). He participated in nearly all the engage- ments in which his command was engaged. He received a severe flesh ■ wound from a shot at the engagement of Pineville, which rendered him unfit for service about two months, when he again joined his command. He was promoted to Sergeant for brave military conduct, and was honor- ably discharged in the spring of 1865, and again returned to this county. In 1868 he was married in this county to Miss E. Weathers, daughter of Enoch G. Weathers, one of the first settlers of this locality. The family consists of: Annie Stella, Albert G., John Monroe, Sally Ida, Mansfield (died in childhood), and a son, J. A. Mr. Lewis is in possession of 239 acres of valuable land, 203 of which are in cultivation. His home is pleasantly situated and consists of a handsome structure of commodious proportions. D. E. LONGAN. Dealer in live stock and grain, Houstonia. One of the prominent ship- pers of the county. He is a native of Missouri; was born in Cooper County on the 23d day of April, 1851. When he was about ten years of age his parents brought him to this county, locating about two miles northwest of Houstonia. Here our subject spent his early youth and HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 791 received his education. In 1876 he started in business for himself and purchased a farm near Hughesville, remaining there about one year. Disposing of his farm he engaged in the drug business in Houstonia, in which line he continued until the autumn of 1881. In 1880 he engaged in the shipping of 'live stock and grain, and is now giving it his entire attention. He is now doing an extensive business in this line. He is now numbered among the leading shippers of this locality. J. B. LONGAN. Post-office, Houstonia. A prominent business farmer of this township, who settled near his present location in 1856. He is a native of Missouri. Was born in Coles County, in 1828, and during his childhood his parents moved to Cooper County, where he was raised in agricultural pursuits. In 1853, he was married in that county to Miss Judith Reavis. Since his settling in the county, Mr. Longan has done much for the improvement of this locality. He is now in possession of a very desirable farm of 320 acres of well improved land, which is adorned with a beautiful and commo- dious dwelling ornamented with pleasant surroundings. His farm is well adapted to stock, raising, and as a beautifnl and quiet home is indeed invit- ing. He has been a consistent member of the Christian Church for sev- eral years, and among its active supporters. He has given his family the benefits of a liberal education, and in fact has done much for the organiza- tion of society in his neighborhood. WESLEY McCLURE. Stock raiser and farmer. Post-office, Hughesville. A prominent, ener- getic business man, a native of Kentucky. Was born in Knox County, in 1827. In February, 1851, he came to Pettis County, locating at George- town, where he was engaged in merchandising for a few years. In 1858 he was elected Sheriff of Pettis County, and discharged the duties of that office with much credit to himself four years. During his terms of office Mr. McC. performed many hazardous duties with nerve and precise- ness, which won for him the admiration of all peace loving citizens. Soon after the expiration of his second term of office, he moved to Dresden, and erected the second' store building of that place, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits about two years. In the spring of 1868, he moved to his present farm, which he has since continued to improve until now it is among the most desirable in his neighborhood ; it consists of 222 acres. He was married in 1861, in Pettis County, to Miss Mollie Banks. She died in 1868, leaving one son, who is now living, Emmett B. Mr. McClure is now giving his entire attention to the pursuits and duties of his- farm and stock business, and is considered among the successful busi- ness men of the county. 792 HISTORY OF HONSTONIA TOWNSHIP. MRS. JENNIE McCONNELL. Proprietress of the McConnell House, Houstonia. Born near Sedalia, this County, July 29, 1845. Daughter of John and Catharine Porter. Both father and mother were natives of Virginia, wh»re they were mar- ried. Her mother's maiden name was Burks. Her father died when she was about three years of age, but her mother still survives and is now liv- ing with a sister of the subject of this sketch, Mrs. Fred. Wilson. Mrs. McConnell was first married April 7, 1869, to Joseph L. Williams, and the names of their children are: Nora Williams and Freddie Williams. Mr. Williams died March 7, 1875, and his widow married Frank McCon- nell, June 9, 1878. The names of their children are: Eva McConnell and Porter McConnell. Mr. McConnell, after a protracted illness, about six months of which he was entirely helpless, died Jan. 8, 1881, since which time Mrs. McConnell has conducted the hotel. She has shown great courage and fidelity in rearing her family; the two eldest of whom are attending the public school in the village. This is the only- hotel in Houstonia, and it sustains a good name and popularity, which it deserves. JOHN McCURDY. Stock raiser and farmer. Post-office, Lamonte. One of the prominent old settlers of the township. He is a native of Ireland, was born in 1821. When a mere lad he came to America in company with an aunt and located in Bourbon County, Ky. He was there raised to manhood in farm duties; when he was twenty-three years of age he engaged in deal- ■ ing and trading in stock, and pursued it several years throughout the Southern States. In the spring of 1857 he was married in Bourbon County to Miss Elizabeth Miller, a member of the Miller family who were the founders of Millersburg. She was born in Kentucky. In the autumn of that year he came west, locating on his present home farm. His first purchase in this county was a tract of 240 acres. Since then Mr. M. has accomplished much and progressed continually in all his undertakings. He owns two valuable farms, one of 400 acres in township number three, which is well cultivated and improved, and his home place, which is a model farm in many respects, i onsisting of 371 acres, with fine dwellings, well watered, divided into six fields by well kept hedges and fences. He is largely engaged in stock raising and in fact is a leading business man. He has raised ten children and has given them all a liberal education. He has taken an active part for the educational interest of his neighborhood and has done much for the county. J. D. MITCHELL. Fruit raiser and farmer. Post-office, Lamonte. He is a native of Cooper County, Mo. Was born in 1835. His father, Fleming H. Mitchell, HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 793 was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was one of the first settlers of Boon- ville, Missouri. The youthful days of our subject were spent in farm duties. In 1858 he was married in his native county to Miss Mary K. Ellis, and in 1865 he located on his present farm, which consists of 290 acres. In 1870 he turned his attention to fruit raising; he has now a pro- ductive orchard of twenty-one acres, which presents a fine appearance. His farm is well adapted to stock raising as well as fruit and grain, and is underlaid with an abundance of coal. Mr. Mitchell has raised a family of seven children and has given them all a liberal education. He is a man of stirring disposition andienterprise. A. H. NICHOLAS. Notary public. Knowing the strong desire that pervades the human heart for knowledge concerning the origin of all things, or the many causes •that have produced the different results, we are of the opinion that a brief sketch of the life of one of the first settlers of Houstonia will not come amiss or fail to interest future historians, if not the public, in connection with the history of the town. It can be truthfully said that it is to the 1 character and efforts of the first settlers, that the town is indebted for the healthy, moral tone of its society. Mr. Nicholas is a man who has labored zealously for the advancement of Christianity and morals, and has accom- plished much for the cause. He is a native of Virginia, was born in the year 1838 in Highland County, where he was educated and raised to manhood. He was married on the 13th day of February, 1857, to Miss S. C. Rexroad. She was also a native of that county. Soon after his marriage, he became impressed with a strong desire to seek for himself a home in the west, and in December, 1858, arrived in Pettis County. He first settled in Blackwater Township, where he was engaged in farming until the spring of 1868. Having been among the early settlers of that township he was closely identified with its development. In the spring of 1868, he moved to his present location, where he was among the first set- tlers of that town. He was engaged in farming about five years, when he embarked in mercantile trade, in which line he continued until Septem- ber, 1881. Aug. 24, 1877, his wife was called to that home above, and in her death a sad loss was sustained by her husband as well as the community.. She left one child who is now living, a son, A. F. Nicholas. He was again married on Sept. 18, 1878, to Miss Mary Jackman, a lady of culture and christian principles. She is a native of Missouri. Mr. Nicholas is now devoting his entire attention to the transaction of a general convey- ancing and collection business, is a duly commissioned notary public, and has been engaged in that line since the autumn of 1876. He is a gentle- man of strict entegrity and pays the closest attention to any business intrusted in his care. He has been closely associated with the Methodist 794 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Episcopal Church, South, and was among the active workers for the organization and erection of the present church in thii locality. He has devoted his best efforts to the upbuilding of a christian spirit in his town and neighborhood, as has also his present wife. Their lives have been blest with one child, Maud, who is a bright, lovable child. T. W. PHILLIPS. Farmer and stock raiser. One of the prosperous, energetic farmers of this township, comfortably situated, on a fine and well improved farm of ninety acres, which is well cultivated and utilized. He is a son of James H. Phillips, one of the first settlers of Saline County, who died in Feb., 1851, in California. Our subject, Mr. T. W. Phillips, is a native of Ken- tucky; was born in Green County, Aug. 31, 1832. In 1839 his parents moved to Saline County, Mo., where the family remained for many years. Mr. T. W. Phillips being the oldest, after his father's death, was chosen* the manager of the farm and affairs of the bereaved family. He applied himself unceasingly to the duties and pursuits of the farm until the break- ing out of the war, when he determined to use his best efforts in defense of the Union. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Seventh Mis- souri Cavalry (State Militia), and .was in active service until 1865. Dur- ing his service in defence of the old flag, Mr. Phillips participated in many spirited contests and hard fought engagements, among which might be mentioned the battles of Boonville, Jonesburg, Marshall, Springfield, Big Blue, and in all other engagements in which his company participated, (see sketch of Seventh Missouri Cavalry), and during this time distin- guished himself as a good soldier and efficient officer. In November, 1864, he was promoted to rank of First Lieutenant, and discharged its duties with credit until he was honorably discharged, in the summer of 1865, having served his country faithfully and well for upwards of three years. He once more took up the peaceful pursuits of his business, and soon purchased a farm in Heath's Creek Township, of Pike County. In 1878 he moved to his present location. He has been twice married. Fiist in Saline County, Jan. 4, 1851, to Miss Susan Howard. She was a native of Kentucky, and died March 27, 1870, leaving four children, who are now living: John S , Mary F., Thomas H. and Elizabeth A., and one deceased, John. Jan., 1872, he was again married in Pettis County to Miss Mary Powell, who is a native of this State, and an estimable lady. Mr. Phillips is a man who has been closely identified with the interests and welfare of Pettis County. He has filled many positions of public trust, and always to the entire satisfaction of the people. He was elected to the office of County Supervisor in 1868, and filled that position until the system was abolished in 1872. He also filled the office of Justice of the Peace for four years, and has been closely associated with the educa- HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 795 tional interests of .this locality; in fact has been a zealous worker for edu- cation and Christianity. He has been a consistent member of the M. E. Church, South, since 1871, and has been a liberal contributor and worker for the cause. Mr. Phillips is now giving his entire attention to the farm, and is in possession of a neat and well appointed home, and keenly appre- ciates the joys and comforts of life. W. C. RILEY, M. D. Houstonia. Among the many members of the medical profession no man has done more to alleviate the sufferings of the people than has Dr. W. C. Riley. He was born about fifteen miles southeast of Paris, Ky., on the 18th of June, 1817. His father, Samuel Riley, was a native of Westmoreland, Penn., and moved to Kentucky in 1800. Our subject's early youth was spent on a farm. When he was about twenty-five years of age he entered the Transylvania Medical College of Lexington, Ky., and afterwards graduated in the Medical University of St. Louis during its session of 1842-43. In 1826 his father moved to Callaway County, Mo. He soon began practice in Cooper County, among the early physi- cians of that county. He was then married in 1845, to Miss Eliza D. McArthur, daughter of. the late Captain Chas. McArthur. In 1846 he returned to Callaway County, purchased a farm, and in 1854 he came to Pettis County, and was located on a farm about seven miles southwest of Houstonia. Here he practiced his profession. His field was a large one. He served all alike, and many are the early settlers who have cause to remember his generosity. At the breaking out of the war the doctor was in possession of a large farm, and in consequence of the disturbed state of affairs, he removed from the county in Feb., 1862, to avoid the danger consequent to himself and family. He returned to Callaway County and practiced his profession there in connection with farming until 1875, when he moved to Mexico, and remained there until 1879. He was there con- ducting a large drug store and practice. In the spring of 1879 he returned to Houstonia, and once more took up his old business. The Doctor is a man who has done much for the good of his fellowbeings, and has a fam- ily of five children, all of whom are living. He has given them al! the benefits of a liberal education, and culture ; Dr. Chas. A. Riley, a gr adu- ate of Missouri University, now practicing in Rockville, and is an eminent physician; Dr. Samuel M. Riley, an eminent dentist of Paris, Monroe, Co., Dr. Benjamin S., of Houstonia, a prominent dentist; Lulu, J. Riley, a graduate of Hardin College, of Mexico; John M!, who remains with him. The doctor is a Mason of high standing, and is closely allied with their interests. He has devoted his attention to the pursuit of his profes- sion, and has built up a reputation for skill and honesty, which is a credit to his home. i 796 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. JOSIAH SCOTT. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Houstonia. He is a native of Ohio, born in Jefferson County, Nov. 20, 1835. In the autumn of 1859 he came west and stopped a little time in Jersey County, 111. In February, 1860, he arrived in Pettis County, locating on his present farm, which he continued to improve till the breaking out of the civil war. He enlisted in the Federal army, Company B, Seventh Missouri Cavalry, March 8, 1862, and served until 1865. During his military service he engaged on many hotly contested fields. Soon after his enlistment he was prostrated with typhoid fever and remained in the hospital about ninety days, then again joined his command. Since his discharge from the army he has given his whole attention to the pursuits of the farm, and is now in pos- session of one of the most desirable stock and grain farms in Pettis County. It consists of 360 acres, beautifully located, unsurpassed for fertility and productiveness, provided with good buildings, and elegant and commodi- ous dwelling, built in 1878 at a cost of about $2,000, a view of which is given in this book. His farm is well watered, drained and under a high state of cultivation. This year (1882) he has a fine crop of one hundred acres of wheat, large crop of corn and fifty acres of oats. His father, Andrew Scott, was born near Belfast, Ireland, dying in Ohio in 1848. His mother, Alice Scott, nee Thompson, was also a native of Ireland, dying in Ohio when Josiah was a child. Mr. Scott was married in January, 1865, to Miss Mary A. Jones, daughter of Lewis Jones, one of the early settlers of this county. She was born in Virginia, Feb. 23, 1840, being next the youngest of a family of four sons and three daughters, five of whom are now living in this county. They have two bright and intelligent sons, Wesley Sherman, born November, 1865, and Thomas Lewis, born June 10, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Scott are highly respected for their many admir- able qualities. J. J. SCOTT.' Stock raiser and farmer. A son of Joseph Scott, who was one of the first settlers of this county. Our subject, J. J.Scott, was born in Pettis County, Mo., 1835. His boyhood was spent amid the pioneer scenes of the county's primitive days. Agricultural v pursuits and kindred duties formed his occupations until he was about eighteen years of age, when he made a visit to Texas, remaining about five months on the frontier of that State, and then returned to his home. In the winter of 1865 he moved to Iowa, locating in Fremont fc County, and after one season spent there in farming, he returned to this county. In 1867 he purchased land*in Bates County, Mo., and was there engaged in farming until 1872, when he once more came to Pettis, and in 1874 settled on his present farm, which con- sists of a well improved tract, 182^ acres, with good commodious buildings. HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 797 He owns another valuable farm about three miles distant, consisting of 250 acres. He is largely engaged in stock raising and is considered verv successful. He was married in Pettis County, Jan. 28, 1858, to Miss Henrietta J. Weathers. She is a native of Kentucky, a daughter of Wm. Weathers, one of the pioneer settlers. This union has brought them nine children, eight of whom are now living: Allie M. J., wife of R. F. Keels; Eveline J., Mrs. T. J. Mcllvane, Rush M., Louetta C, Susan I., Harmon Y., Nancy E. and Martha A. and Winfred, deceased. Mr. Scott is a a self- made man in every respect, and has accumulated his . possessions by his own industry and perseverance. M. D. SCOTT. Farmer; post-office, Hughesville. A prosperous and energetic farmer. He is a son of the late Adam Scott, and a grandson of Joseph Scott, one of the pioneers of the county. Our subject was born in Pettis County, June 12, 1843. He has made farming his vocation since his youth, and has now a valuable farm of eighty acres, nearly all under cultivation. He enjoys the comforts of a neat comfortable dwelling. He was married in Pettis County in 1876 to Miss R. C. Ramey, a native of Pettis, and a daughter of John Ramey, one of the early settlers. This union has brought them two bright children, Adam and John. HARRISON SICKLER. Proprietor of the Peacock Coal Mine, section 28; post-office, Hughes- ville. This enterprising citizen is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born on the 11th day of October, 1825. His early youth was spent in learning the blacksmith trade, and when he was the at age of twenty he engaged in mining coal, and has since made it a study, and it can be truthfully said that no man in Pettis County has a better knowledge of that business than Mr. Sickler. In the autumn of 1877 he came to this county and soon purchased a farm of 160 acres, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation. It is among the most productive farms of this township, as well as being underlaid with an incalculable wealth of coal. In the spring of 1881 he opened his present mine, " The Peacock," which is now yielding large quantities of what is said by many to be the best coal in Pettis County. Mr. Sickler is fast gaining a large trade in this line as the superior quality of the product of his mine is being recognized by a large number of the citizens of the surrounding country. In fact he has now gained a business that brings him in a liberal revenue. He was the first to prospect for coal in this locality, and may be considered the pioneer miner of a district that a few years hence will equal the famous mines of his native State. The quality and price of the product of the 38 798 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. Peacock mine is drawing the patronage of people from a great distance in all directions, and it is but a question of a short time when Mr. Sickler will find himself in possession of a handsome fortune should he continue to operate in the future as he has in the past. METCALF SMITH. Farmer and stock raiser. , Residence, section thirty-five. Postoffice, Houstonia. A prominent enterprising farmer, is a native of Highland County, Ohio, was born on the 12th day of August, 1836. In his thir- teenth year his parents moved to Illinois, locating in Pike County. Here our subject spent his days in agricultural pursuits until 1868. He received a liberal education in the common schools of that county. In 1868 he came west, locating on his present farm, which he has since improved, and it can be truthfully said that it now ranks among the most desirable in the county. It consists of one hundred and ninety acres, all under a high state of cultivation, adorned with a beautiful and commodious dwelling. Situated on a high enimence overlooking a broad expanse of country in all directions, embellished with shade and ornamental treesj as well as a thrifty young orchard. His farm is well watered and drained, has a well sixty-five feet in depth, which gives a never failing supply of cold, crystal- like water. It is well fenced into four fields by neat well kept hedges, and is so arranged that it adds much to the utility of the farm. Mr. Smith is giving his entire attention to the duties of the farm and stock raising, and should be classed among the leading business farmers of his township. He was married in Pike County, Ills., in June, 1860, to Miss Catharine Kelly. She is also a native of Ohio, and moved to Illinois when very young. This union has brought them six children, five of whom are now living, Margaret, Cynthia, who died in Sept. 1879; Francis H, Mary, Oliver D. and George M. Mr. Smith is a man who has done much for the development of this part of the county, and has been closely identified with its interests. He has given his family the benefits of a liberal educa- tion and is raising them up in a commendable manner. As a citizen, Mr. Smith is highly esteemed, and as a business man his industry and prudent management are manifest in his surroundings. HENRY C. SMITH. Hughesville. He is a native of Ohio. Was born in New Carlisle, Clark County, on September 18, 1833. His youthful days were spent in farming, and acquiring an education, until he attained his majority. In October, 1862, he engaged in merchandising as a sutler with the One Hundred and Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which duty he continued until the 14th day of June, 1863, when he was captured by the Confed- erate forces at Winchester, Va., losing his entire stock and train. He was HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. 799 conveyed to Libby prison, where he was kept until the 3d day of July, of that year, when he was paroled. His experience in prison life was like that of many others, receiving the usual fcafsh and inhuman treatment which characterized the discipline of Confederate prisons. Soon after his deliverance from the loathsome place he set about to endeavor to once more retrieve his losses. He immediately began the organization and equipment of another train, and in a few weeks was again launched in mer- cantile life with a large and fully equipped train. He joined his command on the 9th of Sept., 1863, and again took up his former duties, in which he continued until the close of the war, in July, 1865. He then returned to his home in Ohio, and in February, 1866, came to Pettis County, locating in Sedalia, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits until, in 1868, he moved to where is now the station of Hughesville. In December, 1867, he was married to Miss Mattie E. Mockbee, who was a native of Mis- souri. She died on the 7th day of February, 1877, and Mr. Smith has since remained a widower. He is the father of two bright lovable children, by this union, whom he is educating with care, David C. and Harrison. Mr. Smith is now engaged in farming, owns a valuable farm of one hundred and eighty-eight acres of well improved land; he is a man of liberal education, and a diversity of knowledge; has seen many of the up s and down of life, has travelled extensively amid war and pestilence, as well as peace and prosperity. Has tasted the bitter of army prisons, and is yet scarcely past the meridian of life, although he has experienced many of its vicissitudes. THOMAS A. SMITH. Physician and surgeon, Houstonia. Doctor Smith stands at the head of his profession as a skillful and competent practitioner. He is a native of Mercer County, Ky., was born on the 13th day of March, 1852. His early youth was spent in attending school and assisting his father in a mercantile business. His father, J. D. Smith, came to Pettis County in 1873, locating with his family near Georgetown, on a farm which he purchased soon after his arrival in the county. Our subject, Dr. T. A. Smith, having had % in view the medical profession from his youth, here com- menced the study ot "the healing art" under the tuition of Dr. James Allen of that place. He applied himself studiously to the teachings, and study laid out by his preceptor until the autumn of 1878, when he entered the Hospital Medical College of Louisville Ky., and was a continuous student, until in the spring of 1881 he graduated with high honors. Dur- ing his attendance at that institution the doctor was a close student, missing but two days' attendance during his entire course. While there he enjoyed a large and instructive practice among the inmates of the hospital as well as the poor throughout the city, where he obtained a knowledge of the 800 HISTORY OF HOUSTONIA TOWNSHIP. various diseases and the most successful methods of treatment, besides the gratification of knowing that he wasslaboring to alleviate the sufferings of his fellow beings. Soon afterJbe completion of his studies, the Doctor located in Houstonia, where he is now enjoying a large and successful practice, and is fast building up a reputation for skill and honesty, which insures for him the confidence and patronage of the people of this locality. WILLIAM WEATHERS. Post-office, Lamonte. Among the many pioneers of this county no man has .been more closely associated with the social and religious inter- ests of this locality than the subject of this brief sketch, who is a native of Lewis County, Ky. He was born on the 22d day of May, 1807. His father, John Weathers, was a native of Virginia and moved to Kentucky at an earhy day, and was there married to Miss Henrietta Carrington, who was born Feb. 15, 1785, and lived until October 27, 1864. When our subr ject, Mr. Wm. Weathers, was about 14 years of age, he engaged in the shoe-making trade and followed its pursuits in connection with farm duties until a few years ago. He was married in Caldwell County, Ky., in 1826, to Miss Sally Storms. She was a native of Indiana. She died in 1839, an4 in the same year he was again married; this time to Miss Susan Goodwin, a native of Kentucky, who was born in what was then Chris- tian County. In the spring of 1842 Mr. Weathers started west with his family and arrived in Pettis County on the first day of May of that year. His first settlement was made near the old Pin Hook Mill, where he raised a crop of nine acres of corn. The next year was spent on the old Reese farm, and in the spring of 1844 he moved to his present location. A few years were spent in a small log cabin which formed his mansion until he erected his present residence, which is comfortable. Since his coming to this county Mr. W. has done much for the upbuilding of religion, educa- tion and morality. He was among the early workers and organizers of the Regular Baptist Society, with which organization Mr. W. has been closely associated until the present time. He has been a member of that denomination since 1830. He has raised a large family of children and has given them all an education and a start in life. He yet retains a nice farm of 304 acres of desirable land. FREDERICK WILSON. Postmaster. Among the many enterprising citizens of Houstonia, no one has been more closely identified with the interests of the town than has Mr. Frederick Wilson. He is a native of Wetterburg, Waldeck Province, Germany, and was born on the 28th day of April, 1845. When he was about fifteen years of age he apprenticed himself to a wagon maker, and served about two years at that trade. His early youth, pre- HISTORY OF BLAGKWATER TOWNSHIP. 801 vious to this, was spent in attending school and acquiring an education. On the 5th day of December, 1862, he took passage on board a ship, in company with his father, and in February, 1863, arrived in Sedalia. Soon after this he engaged in mercantile business at Lamonte, in partnership with Mr. Busch, and continued in trade at that point for about one year, when Mr. Wilson disposed of his interests there and came to this place, where he soon erected the first store building in the town. The great storm of February 23, 1875, an account of which will be found in another part of this work, destroyed his stock, building, etc., and left him to begin anew his efforts to build a town. The loss was severely felt by Mr. Wilson, but he was again started in a few weeks, in his present build- ing, which he erected, and since then has done a large and profitable business. He is now having a good business in grain, as well as general merchandise. He occupies a commodious frame building, with a twenty feet front, and seventy-two feet in depth, which is completely filled with a selected stock of general merchandise; and is also doing an insurance business for the old time-tried company, the German, of Freeport, 111. Soon after his coming to Houstonia, Mr. Wilson was appointed assistant post-master, and on April 1, 1875, was appointed post-master, and has since filled the office to the entire satisfaction of the Department and pub- lic. Since his first connection with the office, Mr. Wilson has constantly added to its popularity and convenience, and has raised its income from a business that paid but twelve dollars per year, to a business that now pays him $300 per annum. Mr. Wilson is a man who has done much for the up-building of the town and its institutions. He was married here in February, 1874, to Miss Martha Elizabeth Porter, sister of Mr. Wm. H . Porter, who was killed in the tornado. Since his coming to the place, Mr. Wilson has seen many changes come to this part of the county, and has witnessed the growth of a community, of which he was among the founders. He is now comfortably situated in a neat home, and is num- bered among the substantial business men of the county. CHAPTER XIII.— BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name. — Organization — Order of Court — Boundaries in 1833, 1844 and 1873. Configuration— Physical Features — Soils, Woodland, Elm and Bottom Lands— Ancient Mining— Who Were the People that Made the Excavations ?— Early Settlers— Agricul- tural Interests — Stock Baising— Prominent Farmers— Fine Farms— Churches- Schools— Political— Incidents— Biographical. Many years ago the hardy and ambitious sons and daughters, who first came to this township, left their parental roofs and sought homes in the untamed wilderness of what was then the West. They were not the ■effeminate sons and languid daughters of wealthy parents, who had been 802 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. reared in the lap of luxury, for such never dare the perils of a frpntier life. They had from their infancy been taught, by precept and example, that industry and economy which had enabled their fathers to thrive among the rocks and hills of Kentucky. Some of them started alone, with knapsacks on their backs, rifles on their shouiders and axes in their hands. Thus accoutered they bade adieu for a time to loved ones at home, and turned their faces westward to seek their future homes and fortunes in the wilderness. For a time they followed the . trail of previous emigration, but soon they left the borders of civilization, and struck out into the forest of the New World. Having made their selection of suitable locations, and secured titles, if the latter were needed, they began preparations for the future. Temporary shelters were constructed, and clearing was begun, if in the timber, and if on the prairie, a small plot of ground was broken. While this work was in progress, these solitary laborers procured what scanty supplies they needed from Boonville or Lexington. Their near- est neighbors were sometimes a score of miles away, and with these they occasionally exchanged visits and planned for the future. By night they lay in their rude shelters on beds of grass, or even upon boards hewn from the logs they had felled, to dream of the homes they had left, or those their fancy pictured; or in their intervals of wakefulness, listened to the distant howling of the wolf, or were startled by the nearer hooting of the owl. Day after day they toiled on, sustained solely by the hopes and plans for the future. The work of the adventurer completed, he turned his face homeward, and with light heart came again to the scenes of his childhood. Here were parents, brothers and sisters, to welcome him warmly, and -listen to the recital of his experience in the western wilds. He received a still more hearty welcome from another, who, during his long absence, had not ceased to think of him by day, and to dream of him by night. She listened to the story of his doings with a deeper interest, for to her and him they were matters of equal importance. A wedding soon occurred, and the last winter of the pair in their native State was a season of busy preparation for removal to their western home, interspersed with social gatherings and merry-makings among the scenes and companions of their childhood. They sat down to their last Thanks- giving dinner, attended their last Christmas, and New Year's festivals with former playmates and school-fellows, and on the approach of spring bid adieu to all their old friends and scenes, and departed for their new home. At length the last settlement was reached. Then they entered at once upon the realities of pioneer life, for now there were no roads to guide them ; behind were the last vestages of civilization ; ahead was a strange land and deep privation. The stopping place of th« summer before, is at HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 803 length reached, and the busy cares of a frontier life begun. They gener- ally made these first settlements on the borders of the woods, for the early settlers always avoided the open prairie. The sound of the husband's axe echoed through the forest by day, and the wife plied her evening care in the cheerful glow of the blazing hearth at night. Their simple fare and active exercise insured them robust health, and though their surroundings were quite different from those in the midst of which they had been reared, this was the home which they had made for themselves, and they were happy in the enjoyment of it. During the summer other settlers had come in, some singly, others with their families, and neighbors were less distant, and the monotony of their life was buried by an occasional visit from or among them. This social intercourse among the pioneers had none of the bad features which characterizes that of later times. There were among them no conventionalities, no unmeaning expressions of civility, no rivalries, no jealousies, and no hypocritical manifestations of each other's welfare. Each rejoiced in his neighbor's prosperity, or sym- pathized with him in his adversity. These visits were anticipated with pleasure, and remembered without regret. Another summer and winter passed, and changes indicative of increasing prosperity were visible. The clearings had become enlarged and fenced, glass had replaced the greased paprr in the window of the cabin, a plank' door swing on wooden hinges where formerly had hung a blanket, and some flowering shrubbery was growing beside it. The solitude of the wife was enlivened by the prattle of her first-born. Immigrants had continued to come, and what was a pioneer residence had become part of a pioneer settlement. Faster and faster they came flocking in, taking possession of the lands, or pushing into still unbroken tracts brought new farms into cultivation. Now pioneer life was lived on a larger scalt. The settlers' log cabins dotted more thickly the wilderness, and the little farms about them encroached more rapidly on the surrounding prairie and forest. Every- where was heard the busy hum of life. A variety of work went on in doors, as well as out, which long ago ceased to be done in private homes. Households in those days were widely different from the comfortable and roomy mansion of to-day. Every good mother (and there were none others) .taught her daughters a broad range of domestic duties, from washing dishes and log cabin floors, to weaving and making up fine linen, for the house was also the factory and to none of the multifarious duties did her industrious spirit and proper ambition incline here more strongly than to the making from flax and wool of the fabrics which she and hers might need. An interval of two decades passes; 1882 is at hand. An elegant man- sion stands on the site of the old log cabin, and all its surroundings show 804 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. that it is the abode of wealth and refinement. Spacious fields and farm houses are seen upon every landscape. A gray haired man is busy with the cattle in the farm yard ; a portly woman sits by the stove — which has superceded the fire place — busy with her knitting, while some of the grand children are playing on the floor, and others engaged in various kinds of work. Another of their children has been added to the group in the cemetery, another has settled in an adjoining town, and two have gone to seek their fortunes in the mountains. Thrice honored, thrice exalted family. The toils of years have brought a rich harvest; the consciousness of a well spent-life brings peace to your whitened locks; and the memory of the trials of other days, adds zest to the enjoyment of the present. In wealth and improvement, Blackwater Township ranks second to none in the county. In productiveness it takes front rank. Its soil is its " chief stock in trade " in the permanent work of production. In Pettis County and in Blackwater Township, as in nearly everywhere in North and Central Missouri, the soils are the marvel of all critical and practical visitors from east and north. Here in Pettis County the prairie soils of the surface are generally friable alluvial, with here and there a district of grayish alluvial, are from fifteen to forty inches deep, and yield heavy crops of grain, grass and vegetables. The woodland soils are a shade lighter in color, have a liberal admix- ture of red and chocolate colored clay, and are among the most valuable and productive wheat, tobacco, fruit, clover and blue grass soils in the country; especially is this true of the oak and hickory lands of this town- ship. The elm lands whose surface soil- is deep, rich, flexible and "mulatto " colored are found in good sized districts throughout the town- ship, and for wide range of production, fertility and availability under all conditions, are equal to any lands in the world. The bottom' lands which embrace several thousand acres, are generally a black alluvial, from four to ten feet deep, enormously rich in the best elements of fertility, grow heavy crops of wheat, corn, grass and vegeta- bles, and are practicably inexhaustible. The sub-soils of the township, whose rich treasures have scarcely been disturbed by the loose cultivation of the past and present, wilf prove a mine of wealth to the more thorough cultivators of the future. The sub- soils of the entire county are well mixed with strong silicious clays and marls, rich in all those materials which contribute to the wealth of all soils. Name. — Blackwater township derives its name from the principal stream running through its borders, the Blackwater River. Why it is thus called cannot be ascertained. It is supposed that it was given to the river by the Indians from some tradition, but what that tradition is none HISTORY OF BI,ACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 805 now living can tell. • It has had this name as far back as the memory of "the oldest inhabitant" goes, and with it they were satisfied and with it we shall be. Orgainzation. — Blackwater township is one of the early organizations of the county. It occupies as now organized the northwestern portion of Pettis County, and has for its boundary on the north Saline County, on the east Houstonia township, on the south Lamonte township, and on the west Johnson and Lafayette Counties. It embraces as now organized fifty-four sections of land, being one of the four largest townships in Pettis County. When the county was organized in 1833, Blackwater was one of the original five townships laid out. It occupied not only its own present territory but also that of Houstonia and parts of Lamonte and Dresden each. East of it was Bowling Green, south Elk Fork, and west and north the counties above spoken of. In this organization it continued until 1844, when its boundaries were changed and Washington township was added, to the southern party of the county, and Elk Fork was given a position further north, and embracing the townships of Elk Fork, Prairie, Lamonte and Dresden, and Blackwater was given the territory now occu- pied by Houstonia and itself- In this shape it continued until 1873, when the county adopted township organization, and it was given its present territory, (see maps of township lines of 1844 and 1873), and its boundaries were defined as follows: To include all that portion of township 48, range 23, that belongs to Pettis County, and all of township 47, range 23, bounded as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of section 24, township 48, range 23; running thence west on the county line to the northwest corner of Pettis County; running thence south on the county line to the southwest corner of section 31, township 47, range 23; running thence east on the township line, to the southeast corner of section 36, township 47, range 23; running thence north on the range line to place of beginning. Such then is the township of which we have to write. With an area •of 34,560 acres, containing some of the most magnificent homesteads in not only the county, but in the State. Of these homes we shall have •occasion to refer further on in this chapter. Configuration. — The eastern part of the township is more or less broken, while the western and central parts present as lovely a view of high rolling prairie land as is ever seen in any part of the country. In shape Blackwater is a parallelogram, being nine miles north and south by six east and west. Its surface is drained by several streams and •creeks, the largest of which is Blackwater River. This enters the town- ship at section 30 and flows across the northwest corner of the township, 806 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. through sections 30, 19, 20 and 21. The south fork of Blackwater finds its headwaters in Lamonte township. Following these two streams in size come Elk Fork Creek, Beaver Dam Creek, Wolf Creek, and numei- ous other small branches, each of which has its local name and importance. Along all of these water courses a fine growth of timber exists, and in the driest season the springs along their banks afford a never failing supply of water for stock. The physical features of the township are perhaps more diversified than those of any other part of the county. Nowhere in such close prox- imity is to be found the rough and woody hills bordering at once on the beautiful rolling prairie, as are seen in this section. But little, or at least a comparatively small amount of the land is so broken that it would not be susceptible of cultivation. Since the prairie fires were subdued, the timber of the township has increased and orchards and hedges have been * cultivated, until now it is said that there are many more acres of timbered lands than there were when the township was settled. Indian Mounds. — This township was one of the favorite resorts of the red men prior to the time of its being taken possession of by the whites. Everything was favorable for their pursuits. It was near the great "salt lick" and salt springs, from which places the trails of buffalo and other game that came to them every few weeks radiated like the rays of the rising sun. It was a country supplied with abundance of all kinds of game in which the lovers of the chase delighted to pursue. It was a country adapted in every way for their primitive modes of agriculture,, where they had but to stir the ground, plant their meagre fields of corn and their labors were sure to be rewarded. It is no wonder then that here they found a resting place for their dead. These places of burial were plainly marked a few years ago, but now they are in many places nearly obliterated. A few have been explored and in them were found such remains as are common to the last resting places of the Indians, stone implements of agriculture and of the chase. None of the more ancient have been explored, so it is not known if they were of the pre- historic mound builders, or just of the red men within the limits of our own history. Ancient Mining. — There are in the township numerous holes supposed to have been made by the earliest white men, who passed through this country, — the Spaniards. Excited by their great thirst for precious metals these rapacious men sought in every country where there was the most remote possibility of a discovery of valuable metal. From the mouth of the Mississippi to the headwaters of the Missouri, the adventurers searched in every conceivable nook for the treasures hidden from them, but which they were determined to find. How well their search was rewarded we HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSAI'P. 807 shall never know, but we are left to infer that it was but meagre in the extreme. They left the more plentiful treasures of coal, iron, etc., to search for the valuable, but less abundant gold and silver mines, which, in their vivid imagination were awaiting their magic touch to open untold treasures to their avaricious eyes. In this township there are a number of ancient excavations called by the present population "mineral holes." By whom they were worked, or what their products consisted in, is not known, and probably never will be unless they are explored. Did these Spaniards in their first eager search for gold excavate openings in the earth here, hoping to find the precious metal, or did the old inhabitants — the Mound Builders, ages before them work these same mines for the metal they contained? • If the latter is the true theory, then what were the uses to which they put the products ? What was their manner of working the mines and the products? It may be that from them some of the raw material of which their copper utensils were made, was produced. One thing is certainly known at the present day, and that is this: In the vicinity of these holes a surveyor's compass will not work, and they have a great attraction for electricity. In the immediate neighborhood of one of them a number of head of stock has been known to have been killed by lightening in a single year, and it is a very common occurrence for a large tree to be struck by that subtle ele- ment. On the farm of Capt. Samuel Shanks is a peculiar kind of shale filled with large shells. This peculiar formation is found in large quanti- ties on the top of a high knoll about ten feet below the surface overlying a strata of coal. Early Settlers. — -Previous to any settlements having been made in Pettis County, excursions were made into it by parties from adjacent set- tlements in search of game and honey, and in search of more desirable homes, where they, if they did not, like the Israelites of old, find a land flowing with milk and honey, they at any rate found one over-flowing with abundance of meat and honey; for buffalo, elk, and deer were as numerous upon the luxuriant grass of the rich and beautiful prairies as are cattle, sheep and horses at the present day upon our pastures and meadows. Such was the condition of this township when the brave and hardy few first made their resting place within its limits. Among the earliest settlers of the township was Isaiah Prigmore, who came to this township in 1829, from Kentucky. He remained in the township until 1849, when he, with a number of others, caught the Cali- fornia gold fever, and crossed the plains. Peter Fisher came to the town- ship in 1832, from Kentucky, and lived here a number of years, and died in Texas. Benjamin Snelling settled in the township in 1833, and lived many years. He now lies at rest, buried in one of the township ceme- 808 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. teries. Samuel Fisher came to the township in 1834, from Kentucky, and is, perhaps, the oldest of the early settlers of the township now living. He still resides on his original homestead, where he and his energetic lady settled when the country was but a wilderness, and when neighbors were yet from fifteen to twenty-five miles apart. They have seen the country grow up around them with ample estates, and while the frosts of many winters have been whitening their locks, they look with contentment and pleasure on the work of improvement which they were among the first to open. B. F. Prigmore was born in the township in 1838, and still resides in the township. George Miller came to the township in 1836, from Cooper County, lived here a number of years, and died in the south- ern part of the State. John Loper and Hiram Taylor, attracted by the productiveness of this section, came here in 1837, from Illinois, and lived here many years. Both are now dead. John Rice came to the township in 1840, from Cooper County. He was prominently identified with the interests of the township for many years, but is now dead. Elijah Rob- erts came in 1840, from Cooper County. He lived a number of years in the township, but finally went to Texas, and there died. James Scott came in 1838, from Cooper County, and lived a mimber of years in the township. His wife died in the township on the original homestead, at the advanced age of ninety years. David S. Ramsey came to the township in 1840, from near the vicinity of Georgetown, this county. He lived here a number of years, but died before the war. Thus, one by one they pass away, until now but one or two are left to tell the story of their hardships. Agricultural and Stock-raising Interests. — Among the repre- sentative farmers of the county, none stand higher than those of this township. There is no railroad through the section, but it is so near the lines of the Missouri Pacific that it has almost as much advantage as if it were divided by one of the great trunk lines. All the farms below noted lie in rich and exceedingly attractive portions of the township, and both in soil and landscape would rank as premium farms in any of the Eastern States. Twenty miles from Sedalia, in the western central portion of the township, and in one of the loveliest farm districts of Missouri is " Avon- dale," the splendid home and 800 acre stock farm of Thomas B. Price. His residence, which cost $15,000, a model of architectural beauty and elegant finish, is with a single exception thefinesffarm house in the State. The grounds, barns, carriage and other out-buildings, are in keeping with the home. So, too, is the farm, with its clean forty and eighty acre lots, eight miles of hedge, water-courses, springs and ponds, admirable timber shelter along the creeks, and the perfect order of the whole estate. Mr. Price grows 140 acres of corn, getting from sixty to eighty bushels per HISTORY OF BLACK WATER TOWNSHIP. 809 acre, and sixty acres of wheat, which frequently averages him as high as twenty-eight bushels per acre. He has 620 acres of blue grass that would open the eyes of a Bourbon County farmer; feeds about 140 steers, and 250 pigs, and has a herd of thirty-four Short-horns of the Favorite, Rose of Sharon and Monarch families, all solid red, and finely bred. Mr, Price sells the offspring of his herd when yearlings. Grazes and feeds about 300 mules for market. Mr. Price is one of the heaviest stock deal- ers in the State; owns magnificent landed estates in Missouri, Kansas and Texas; is a native of Jefferson City, and a clearsighted, manly man of the world. Adjoining "Avondale" is "Glenwood," a splendid 500 acre farm, with a fine two-story dwelling, out-buildings, lawns and fences to match it. It is the home of F. H. Bradford, a Kentuckian and a graduate of the State 'University. Mr. Bradford gets an average of fifty bushels of corn per acre, and twenty-five bushels of wheat; keeps about 300 acres in meadow and blue grass. Capt. Samuel Shanks has another of these model farms, "Prairie Home," of six hundred and twenty acres. It joins " Avondale " on the west. Like the other farms it is well watered, has a handsome $6,000 residence and complete out-buildings, fences, etc. The Captain cultivates two hundred and eighty acres; the remainder is in meadow and blue grass pasture* His farm is well stocked with fine horses, cattle, swine and sheep. He is a thorough stock man, and is President of the Browns- ville District Fair. "Pleasant Grove" is the name of the beautiful $8,000 house, and one thousand and four hundred acre farm of J. C. Higgins, four miles west of Houstonia, and in the eastern central part of the township, and is finely watered by creeks and ponds. Mr. Higgins grows two hundred and fifty acres of corn,, and two hundred acres of wheat, and has the balance of his farm in beautifnl blue grass pastures. He keeps two hundred fine Cotswolds and Down? sheep, and raises Denmark and Ned Forrest horses; he feeds one hundred and fifty steers, and handles as high as one thousand mules in a single year. Mr. Higgins is a Virginian of great energy, liberal means, capital business sense, and is one of the foremost business men in the county. Adjoining the farm of Mr. Higgins is the magnificent estate of Mrs. Judge W. C. Gibson, consisting of twenty-three hundred acres, principally prairie land, well watered and improved, with a $6,000 home, elegant lawns, fine, fences, good barns, etc. On it have been grown thirty thousand bushels of corn from six hundred acres, and twelve thousand and five hundred bushels of wheat from five hundred acres. It. has eleven hundred acres in blue grass and feeds six hundred to eight hundred and fifty steers, and one thousand prime pigs and four hundred sheep. Mr. J. G. Gregg has been associated with Judge Gibson for years. Most of this land has 810 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. been improved from wild prairie, and now ranks as one of the finest farms in the county. Two miles southeast of " Prairie Home," (the residence of Samuel Shanks,) situated on a high mound, commanding a view of beau- tiful country for miles, is " Highland," the house of John S. Senior. He has a four hundred and twenty acre farm, all in fine cultivation, and feeds annually a large number of stock cattle. A view of his residence is seen in another part of the work. In the western central part of the township is the fine three hundred and eighty acre farm of B. Y. Chipman. He also owns a farm of tour hundred and six acres, near Houstonia. Both farms are well improved, and the home place in this township is well stocked. Mr. Chipman settled in the county in 1845, and has since resided here and built up this splendid home he now owns. Samuel Fisher owns a fine three hundred acre farm in the western part of the township, on which he settled in 1832. He owns a fine flock of sheep, and gives his attention to general farming. J. H. Mills, John P. Higgins, J. R. Spurgin, J. E. Whitfield and Wm. Winston are among the large and representative farmers of the section. Churches. — At an early date the scattering settlers of the township and surrounding country would gather at the residence of some pious neighbor to listen to the word of God as it was delivered by some good old laborer in the early vineyard. It mattered not what his denomina- tional proclivities might be, be he Methodist, Baptist, Christian or Presby- terian, he was listented to each time he held services by an audience of attentive hearers, and the seeds sown on good ground have been blessed by bearing the fruit of an upright, honorable community. The first preaching in the township was at Mr. Prigmore's, by Duke Young, from near Tebo. He was of the Christian denomination. The first church was organized at James Roberts' and was of the Old Iron Side Baptists, and was organized by Martellus Embry. This was on South Fork. They built a small log house of worship, with hewed benches, and in this they continued to worship for a number of years. The next organization was that of the M. E. denomination. The class was organized at John Rice's, and they still keep up their church, having a house of worship on the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 5, township 47, range 23, known as the Black- water Chapel. They have preaching twice a month. South Fork Baptist Church is located three miles south of Brownsville, and was organized in 1855, by Elder G. W. Sands. The house oi worship was built in 1856 by the congregation, assisted by the neighborhood, and was dedicated the same year by Elder W. P. C. Caldwell. It is a frame structure, and cost $300; is 24x~6 with a ten-foot ceiling. The original members of the church were, Wm. A. Williams, William N. Berry, D. M. HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 811 Payne, A. Williams, Sarah Williams, B. F. Pitts, Phceb eA. Pitts, L. H. Williams, Elizabeth Williams, Phoebe Ferguson, and others. The pastors of the congregation have been, G. W. Sands, T. Rocker, A. Horn, E. H. Burchfield, for fifteen years; Isaiah Spurgin, L. W. Whipple, J. Gott, J. T. Cowin and S. W- Scott. This congregation was a colony from County Line Church, eight miles distant. It prospered for many years under its. various pastors and exerted much influence^for good, but since the civil war other churches have sprung up and the membership of this congregation,'once strong, has been depleted. It is one of the few churches in Pettis County that kept up their regular services during the war, Elder Burchfield never missing an appointment for his monthly service. Its members kave always been active in missionary work. Its present membership is thirty-six. It has a Sunday School, . of which S. Spurgin is Superintendent, and A. Roper, Secretary, Salem Presbyterian Church was organized in October, 1880, and is located five miles northwest of Lamonte. The church building is in pro- cess of erection at the writing, and will probably be finished in June, 1882. It is 36x40 feet in size, with a spire seventy feet high, and will cost when completed $1,800. T. H. Maddox is the builder. The furniture will be supplied from Richmond, Indiana. The number of present membership is twenty-seven. T. H. Allen was the first pastor, and at present the church is without one, but the pulpit will be supplied as soon after the house is finished as possible. Wake Forest Baptist Church is located three miles west of Houstonia , and was organized Nov. 14, 1866, by Revs. A. P. Williams and W. M. Bell. The church house was built in 1870, at a cost of $1,600, and is a frame structure '30x48 feet, located on a beautiful knoll and surrounded by a lovely grove. It was erected principally by the Baptist denomination, although the people of the neighborhood contributed to its building. The original members of the congregation were Absalom Williamson, Benj. F. Pitts, Rodney D. Fisher and Phoebe Pitts, in the organization, and Dr. L. H. Williams and Sarah Williams joined the day of organization. The number of the present membership is thirty-five. They have no Sunday School con- nected. The pastors who have occupied the pulpit are, W. R. Green, A. J. Emerson, J. P. Payne, J. L. Tichenor, J. R. Godbv. Schools. — The first school taught in the township was a subscription one by a Mr. Jones, near the place where Blackwater Chapel now stands. The first public school was taught in the building now known as school house No. 1, near the residence of Joseph C. Higgins. This house was destroyed by the cyclone of 1875, and another has been built about 100 yards from the former site. 812 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. There are at present six schools in the township. All the buildtngs are good, substantial frame ones, well furnished with modern seats, charts, etc. The teachers as a class are live, active workers in their profession. The patrons of the school take great interest in the education of the youth, and as a consequence the schools are well attended. There are fwo pri- vate schools now, (May, 1882,) in session in the township, one at the New- ell school house, taught.by Miss Mary Hawker, the other at Cedar Ridge school house, taught by Miss Effie Williams. Wages vary from $40 to $55 per month. Political. — Political parties in early days were the Democrats and Whigs, but the interests of the township were always first in the minds of its people, and while they lacked none of that true patriotic spirit which everywhere characterizes the true American citizen, yet their home and county interests were looked after first. In early days small political meetings gathered at the Higgins school house and at the spring in the grove on Mr. S. Fisher's place, and at these peace and harmony generally reigned and neighbors decided what course was in their minds right, and took that standi Of late years each person cleaves to his respective party, and, of course, votes for the man who represents his views. Post-offices . — There are two in the township, one at Rowletta, a mere country office, and the other at Sigel. Sigel is situated about twenty-four miles northwest from Sedalia on the line of Pettis and Johnson counties. It is the site of a few store houses and shops, and has a fine flouring mill. Population, about 100. The town was laid out by Dr. B. F. Dunkley, and a post-office established there before any town was built, and was named in honor of the Doctor. Rowletta is near the center of the town- ship. Geo. Lee is postmaster. Mail three times a week. Incidents. — During the war there were several crimes committed in the township. In 1863 John and Terrie Randall and Reuben Haregrave were taken from their homes by a band of marauders and carried about twenty miles south of .the township, and all three murdered. They were all Republicans. The Indians were plentiful in early days, and hunted the game over the prairies, frequently stopping at the cabins of the settlers. When game became scarce they would occasionally kill a hog or calf, but out- side of this they never did any damage. Frequently when the early settlers started out across the prairie paths of a cloudy day they became lost, and on such occasions had to depend on the instinct of their faithful horse to bring them home. HISTORY OF BLACK WATER TOWNSHIP. 813 FULTON HUME BRADFORD. The subject of this sketch is_a descendant of an old Scotch family. The first representative of this family who came to America, was John Bradford. He came from Scotland in 1694, and settled in Culpepper County, Va., afterwards moving to Fauquier County, in that State. He had five children : Benjamin, Alexander, Daniel, Joseph and Andrew. Of these, Benjamin settled in North Carolina, and left a . long line of descendants, who live in various sections of that State. Daniel and Alex- ander reared families in Fauquier County, and Joseph and Andrew had no descendants. Alexander was the grandfather of Austin Bradford, of this county. The name of the latter's father was Austin, who had a large number of children, viz: Susan, Ira, Thornton and Harvey. They had no children.. James, who moved to Springfield, 111., reared a large family; Mrs. Narcissa Burbridge, wife of Thos. Burbridge, of Scott County, Ky., and Thomas and Austin, of Boone County, Mo. The latter was married to Miss Lavinia Hume, daughter of George Hume, of Scott County, Ky., in 1829, where they resided until about 1838, then emigrated to Missouri, and settled on a farm in Boone County. They have eight children: Geo. A., Alexander, Mrs. Slater E. Lenior, Miss Narcissa C, of Boone County; Mrs. Gen. Edwin Price, of Chariton; Mrs. P. S. Wilkes, of Stockton, Cal.; Mrs. R.J. Bouchelle, of Bastrop, La.; and Fulton H. Bradford, the subject of this sketch, who was born in Scott County, Ky., April 13, 1838. When a boy he attended the district school, and after- wards the State University, at Columbia, Mo., where he graduated when but nineteen years of age. After he returned from school he engaged in farming, in Boone County, until the fall of 1865; then came to Pettis County and purchased his present homestead — "Glen wood," a descrip- tion of which appears in the history of Blackwater Township. On the 24th day of November, 1863, he married Miss Annie Tutt, daughter of Joseph E. and Elizabeth Tutt. By this union they have four children : Percy, Katie, Felecia H. and Lizzie. Mr. Bradford is a man of great promise, a warm friend and a good neighbor. In politics he is a Demo- crat, and at present is the nominee of his party, for the western district of Pettis Countv, to represent them in the Legislature. K. E. BRIGHT. Post-office, Brownsville ; a farmer by occupation. Is the son of William Bright, a native of Virginia, but who was taken when quite young to Kentucky, remaining there until he was a man grown, emigrating to Missouri about fifty years ago. The subject of this sketch, K. E. Bright, was born in Lafayette County, Mo., Aug. 20, 1843. His advantages for an education were what the times afforded. In the spring of 1864, Mr. 39 814 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. Bright moved his family to Pettis County, locating in Blackwater Town- "ship, where he has since resided. Mr. Bright was married March 17, 1863, to Miss Sarah A. Spurgin, a daughter of Solomon Spurgin, an old resident of Pettis County. From this union there are four children living, viz: Artie, Solomon C, George R. and Katie. Since Mr. Bright's resi- dence is Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming. He owns a beautiful little farm of 103 acres, well improved, and under a high state of cultivation. In politics Mr. B. is a Republican, and in religion a Baptist. H. C. BROWN. , Post-office, Houstonia. Among the representative young men of Pettis County, we find none more worthy of mention than the subject of this sketch, H. C. Brown. He is the son of Haley Brown, a native of North Carolina, being born in Davidson County, N. C, April 9, 1854, and is the youngest child in a family of nine children. He was educated in the common schools of his native State. In the spring of 1874, Mr. Brown moved to Missouri, settling in Pettis County, near where he now resides. Dec. 16, 1877, Mr. Brown was married to Mrs. Nannie Williams, a daughter of Rev. Tyre Berry, a native of Missouri. They have one child, Mary Dempsey. Since Mr. Brown's residence in Missouri, he has been engaged in farming and the feeding of stock, in partnership with his brother, D. S. Brown. These young men own a fine farm of 700 acres. The home is well' improved with good dwelling house, barns and other buildings. These young men are spoken of by their neighbors in the highest terms. In business they are honorable and straightforward, enjoying the confidence of all. B. Y. CHIPMAN. Post-office, Sigel. Is the son of O. H. Chipman, who was a native of North Carolina. The subject of this sketch was born in Guilford County, N. C, Dec. 27, 1818, and was the second child in a family of four children. He received his education from the common subscription schools of that early day. In the fall of 1845 Mr. Chipman moved his family to Missouri, settling in Pettis County, where he now resides. Sept. 20, 1845, Mr. Chip- man was married to Mary E. Winston, daughter of Jessie Winston, a native of North Carolina. From this union there were seven children, only two of whom are now living, viz: Lucy A. and Bettie E. Mrs. Chip- man dying, he was again married July 20, 1875, to Bettie Bear, of Vir- ginia. From this union there are two children, both of whom are living, viz: Bartlett Y. and Mary S. Since Mr. C.'s residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He owns a beautiful farm where he resides, of 380 acres, well improved and under a high state HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 815 of cultivation. He also owns near Houstonia, in this county, a fine farm of 406 acres. Mr. Chipman is a man of business integrity, and is highly esteemed by his neighbors. ALEX. DANIEL. Post-office, Brownsville. Is the son of William Daniel, who was a native of North Carolina. The subject of this sketch, Alex. Daniel, was born Dec. 14, 1823, in Davidson County, N. C, and was the oldest child in a family of nine children, all of whom are living at the present time in Missouri, having resided here since the year 1849. Mr. D.'s advantages for an early education were very limited, there being but few schools, and they being what was termed subscription schools. Oct. 13, 1849, Mr. Daniel emigrated to Missouri and settled in Pettis County, where he engaged for many years in working at his trade, that of carpentering. In the spring of 1865 Mr. Daniel took a trip to Iowa, but only remained a few months, when he returned to Pettis County and engaged again at his trade, working in Pettis, Johnson and Saline Counties. Since the war Mr. D. has located permanently in the northwestern part of Pettis County, and engaged in farming. He was married Feb. 1, 1859, to Miss Lucinda Welch, daughter of Elijah Welch, a native of North Carolina. From this union there are four children, all of whom are now living, viz: II. Minerva, John A., George L. and Carrie. Mr. Daniel owns one of the prettiest farms in this section, has a fine house, out-buildings, and other improvements. The farm is one especially adapted to the purposes for which it is used. J. C. DILLON. Post-office, Brownsville. A farmer; is the son of John Dillon, who was a native of North Carolina. The grandfather, Benjamin Dillon, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this. sketch was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, April 2, 1822, and was the fifth child in a family of nine children. His advantages for an education were very limited, there being but few schools at that early day. In the fall of 1853 Mr. Dillon emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northwestern part of Pet- tis County, buying a farm of 100 acres for $450; then he entered 900 acres under the graduation act. On this farm he now lives, having improved it with fine buildings and other conveniences. Mr. Dillon was married April 2, 1857, to Miss Mary F. Merritt, a daughter of Richard Merritt, a native of Kentucky. From this union there was but one, child. Mrs. Dil- lon dying, Mr. D. was again married Dec. 10, 185T, to Miss Lucy J. Able, a daughter of Uriah Able. From this union there were six chil- dren, all of whom are now living, viz: Richard, Ida M., John W., William A., Alice J., and ■ Ella A. Since Mr. Dillon's residence in Pettis County 816 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. he has been engaged in farming. He owns a farm of 338 acres, welj improved, and under a good state of cultivation. These lands are the product of Mr. D.'s industry and economy. Financially, he is well fixed to pass the remainder of his days in ease and retirement, should he see fit to do so. SAMUEL FISHER. Post-office, Rowletta. Of the first settlers of Pettis County, but few remain to tell the story of their early struggles and privations, much less to see the county of their adoption arise to so eminent a position among the sister counties of this great State. But among the few, who like the lone forest tree that has endured and survived the storms of time, is Samuel Fisher, who was one of the first persons to set the tent stakes in the wild brush along the south fork of Blackwater. He is the son of John Fisher, and was born in Tennessee, Feb. 2, 1800. When he was but nine years old his father moved his family to Green County, Ky., where they remained seven years. His advantages for an education were very limited, there being no country schools at that early day, and what education he has, he has attained since he became a man grown. In the fall of 1816, Mr. Fisher's father moved his family to Illinois, where they remained three years ; then in the spring of 1820, while Missouri was yet a Territory, the family located in Cooper County, where they remained until 1829, when they moved to Pettis County, settling on the south fork of Blackwater, where Samuel Fisher has ever since resided. Mr. Fisher's family was the fourth family that settled in Blackwater township, the other families coming about the same time as Mr. F.'s. The country at that time (says Mr. Fisher) was nothing but a wild hunting ground, filled with Indians, buf- falo, elk, bear and other wild animals; this was long before Georgetown or Sedalia was thought of, and, strange as it may seem, the first field that was cultivated by Mr. Fisher is now a thickly grown forest, with large oak, elm and other forest trees. Mr. Fisher was married, March 4, 1S29, to Miss Sarah Hampton, a native of Saline County, Mo. From this union, there were eight children, seven 'of whom are yet living, viz.: Francis M. Rodney D., Rodes C, John H., Mary Belle, Hampton G., and Annie E., all of whom are living near their father. When Mr. Fisher settled in Pettis County, he entered between eight and nine hundred acres of land, which lands he has divided up among his children, retaining the home farm, con- sisting of three hundred acres, where Mr. Fisher expects to pas? away the remainder of the. few days that may be allotted to him. To give one- half of the history of this eventful life, would require a volume in itself, and to do justice to such a subject would overstep the limits of time and space intended in this work. However, we can not refrain from recording the fact that the wife and companion of his early manhood still lives to HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 817 cheer and gladden .his declining years, and they seem to be traveling quietly and peacefully down the stream • of time to that land from whence no traveler returns. R. D. Fisher is the son of Samuel Fisher and was born in Cooper County, Mo., Sept. 27, 1832, and when he was quite young, as stated above, the father moved to Pettis County. Mr. Fisher was married on Sept. 27, 1862, to Miss Kate C. Higgins, a daughter of Dr. B. Higgins. From this union there are three children, viz.: James D., Copsie H. and Robert E. Since Mr. Fisher has been man grown, he has been engaged in farming. He owns a fine little farm of 154 acres. JUDGE W. C. GIBSON. One of the most prominent business men and popular citizens who have ever resided in Pettis County was the late Judge W. C. Gibson. He was a native of Fauquier County, Va., but moved to Missouri in the sum- mer of 1860, locating in the north-western part of the county, engaging in business with Joseph G. Gregg. No name in Pettis County to-day is held in more sacred reverence by all classes of society, than that of the subject of this sketch. We trace his history from the summer of 1860 until the day of his death, and in it we find nothing but what bears the stamp of true manhood. His life was one of untiring industry and activity, and while many who began life with far brighter prospects fell by the way-side, Judge Gibson cherished the hope that he might rise to an honorable posi- tion among his fellow men, and certainly no one ever realized the fulfill- ment of an honorable ambitious hope more fully than he. Of his valor there is no occasion to speak. Let his works be the silent monuments; they speak louder than my words. Some men become famous by continually waging war against others; he, by bearing the olive branch, binding up the wounds and winning the heart. Some men become wealthy by haz- ardous speculations; he, by untiring industry and frugality. Some men seek happiness by going abroad ; to him the happy precincts of home was the retreat from the business cares of the world. In the politics of Pettis County Mr. Gibson held a prominent position. He was elected County Judge in the fall of 1876, and was re-elected in the fall of 1879 as presiding Judge, having held the office five years, when he was removed by death. Mr. Gibson was married to Miss Mollie H. Gregg, a daughter of Jos. G. Gregg, Feb. 29, 1864. From this union there are two children, viz.: Eugene C, and Mary Grace. At the time of Mr. Gibson's death he was a full partner with his father-in-law, Jos. G. Gregg, in business. The firm dealt extensively in buying and selling of live stock. Mr. Gibson owned a half interest in the magnificent estate, known as the " Gibson-Glenn Farm." This estate is beautifully located on the rolling prairies of the northwest- ern part of Pettis County, and consists of 2,580 acres, well watered, improved with a fine house and elegant lawns. In the death of Mr. Gib- 818 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. son Pettis County lost one of her most worthy citizens, and his family a true, kind husband, and an affectionate father. JOSEPH G. GREGG. Post-office, Houstonia. One of the prominent farmers and stock-men of Blackwater Township is the subject of this sketch, Joseph G. Gregg. He is the son of John Gregg, who was born in Loudoun County Va., April, 1821. He received a liberal education from the schools of his native State. In the fall of 1857, Mr. Gregg emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northwestern part of Pettis County, where he has ever since resided. April 9, 1846, Mr. Gregg married Miss M. A. Shepherd, a daughter of Umphry Shepherd, who also was a native of • Virginia, but emigrated to Missouri in the year 1855, settling in Pettis County, where he resided until his death. Mr. and Mrs. G. had born to them seven children, six of whom are now living, viz: Mollie H., John H., George W., Katie, Joseph J. and Oscar G. Since Mr. G.'s residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He has also engaged extensively in the buying and selling of live stock. Mr. Gregg in partner- ship with his son-in-law, the late Judge William C. Gibson, owned what is known as the " Gibson-Glen Farm," a beautiful estate of 2,580 acres, well watered and improved, with a $6,000 home, elegant lawns, good barns, and fine fences. Mr. Gregg grows 30,000 bushels of corn from 600 acres ; 12,500 bushels of wheat from 500 acres; and keeps about 1,200 acres in blue grass and meadows. Mr. Gregg and son-in-law kept from 600 to 1,000 head of cattle, and fed in one season as many as 2,400 head of hogs, and they had upon this farm, other stock in proportion. In the life of Mr. Gregg we have another instance of what industry and honesty will accomplish: when Mr. G. had landed in Pettis County and settled his family in a log cabin, in the winter of 1857, he had but seventy-fiye cents in money to begin life with in the new State. B. GWINN. Post-office, Brownsville. A farmer and stock man; is the son of Wm. A„. Gwinn, who was a native of Virginia. The grandfather, B. Gwinn, was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in Saline County, Mo., Feb. 15, 1832, and is the second child in a family of nine children. Mr. Gwinn's education is as good as the schools of that day afforded. In the fall of 1860, Mr. G. moved his family from Saline County to Johnson, where he resided about four years, then moved to Brownsville, where he resided about fifteen months. Then moved to Pettis County, locating' in the northwest part, where he has since resided. Mr. Gwinn was married March 1, 1860, to Miss Margaret Carmach, a daughter of Joseph Carmach, a native of Virginia. From this union there HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 819 are four children, all of whom are yet living, viz: Sarah A., Russell, Bettie and James R. Since Mr. G.'s residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He owns a fine farm of 381 acres where he resides, and a farm of 165 acres in Saline County. These lands are well improved. JOSEPH C. HIGGINS. Was born in Hampshire County, Va., Feb. 27, 1819. His father, James Higgins, was a native of Bath County, Va. In 1820 the family removed to Union County, Ky., where the mother died in 1826. Soon after the RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH 0. HIGGINS. "PLEASANT GROVE,' death of his wife the father returned to Virginia, where he resided till 1842, then emigrated to Missouri and located near Jefferson City, Cole County. In the spring of 1850 J. C. Higgins started on a trip to Califor- nia and was taken sick at Sacramento City, where he remained till March, 1851, then embarked for New Orleans. The vessel was driven off the coast of South America; finally, however, he arrived at the Crescent City via. Havana, having experienced a long and eventful voyage. He then returned by Mississippi to St. Louis, thence to Cole County. In 1851 he came to Pettis County and purchased a large tract of land, which is now 820 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. a portion of his farm, and began improvements thereon. His first pur- chase was 200 acres, which has been increased to 3,000, and a portion subsequently given to his children. Most of his home farm lies east of his residence, and comprises as good land as can be found anywhere. The vineyard and garden are just west of the residence, beyond which is the creek and abundance of good timber. Mr. Higgins has been twice married: First, in 1839, to Miss Mary Parker, a native of Virginia. She died in 1845, leaving three children: John P., now a farmer with a family in Houstonia Township; James M., now a farmer with a family in Hous- tonia Township, and Joseph P., now a farmer with a family in Blackwater Township. In 1847 Mr. Higgins was married to Miss Ellen 'Dellinger, daughter of Henry Dellinger, a native of Maryland. She died in May> 1S63, leaving four children: Samuel D., still at home; H. Clay, a farmer with a family in Houstonia Township; Sallie E., now wife of Chas. Buck- ner, attorney, Brownsville, Saline County; and Wm. Copsey, still at home. Mr. Higgins still retains more than 1,000 acres of land and has one of the finest and most agreeably arranged residences in Pettis County, a view of which appears on the preceding page. His farm residence, "Pleas- ant Grove," is surrounded by a grassy lawn, growing large forest trees, oak, walnut and locust. The mansion was planned by Mr. Higgins him- self and built by Thos. Maddox, of Knobnoster, and cost about $10,000. It contains twelve rooms, with ample hallway, facilitating the entering of each room without passing through another. It is finished and furnished in elegant style. In his herd he has a fine white steer weighing 2,400 pounds. His stoGk and other farm work is overseen by himself and his sons, though "Joe," a deaf and dumb negro man, who has not slept off the farm since 1852, is considered by Mr. Higgins and family one of the best farm servants in the State. Though he can not read or write, hence does not know his own name, yet he can perform any kind of work at a mere suggestion by gestures. Mr. Higgins is doing an extensive stock business, dealing in all kinds of stock, principally at present in mules. During the rfionth of January, 1882, $18,000 worth of mules; February. $17,000; March, $14,000; April, $7,000, and May about $7,000. Undoubtedly he is the largest mule dealer between St. Louis and Kansas City. Mr. Higgins has been a man of great energy and enterprise since early youth, and to-day is one of the most active, enterprising and leading business men of Pettis County. D. W. HAINLINE. Post-office, Lamonte. A farmer, and is the son of Jessie Hainlirie, who was a native of Kentucky, and a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in Montgomery County, Ky., Oct. 2, 1828, and is the ninth child in a family of thirteen children. His advan- HISTORY OF BLACKWATKR TOWNSHIP. 821 tages for an education were very poor. In the fall of 1867, Mr. Hainline emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1867, he married Miss L. B. Orear, a daughter of/ Wesley Orear, who was also a native of Ken- tucky. From this union there were four children, three of whom are now living, viz: Brown, Lulu and Ross: Since Mr. Hainline's residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming. He owns a fine little farm of 105 acres, with a fine dwelling and other out-buildihgs. He also has a small tract of land in Johnson County. Mr. H. in politics is a Democrat, and in religion, Mr. H. and his estimable lady are members of the Methodist Church South. JOSEPH P. HIGGINS. Post-office, Houstonia. One of the representative young men of Black- water township is Joseph P. Higgins. He is the son of J. C. Higgins, and was born in Cole County, Mo., Feb. 17th, 1847, and is the third child in a family of seven children. He received a good practical education from the common schools of Pettis County. In the spring of 1854, Mr. Higgins' father moved his family from Cole County to Pettis where young Higgins has resided ever since. Mr. Higgins was married Sept. 2, 1875, to Miss Alice Mercer, a daughter of John Mercer, a native of Tennessee. From this union there are two children, both of whom are living, viz: John P. and Estella. Since Mr. H. has been a man grown he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He lives on one of his father's extensive farms in the northeast part of Blackwater township. Mr. H. is a young man of superior business qualifications, and has a host of friends who speak of him in the highest praise. R. C. KELLY. Post-office, Brownsville. One of the representative young men of Blackwater township is the subject of this sketch, R. C. Kelly. He is the son of Hugh Kelly, who was born in Lincoln County, Ky., in 1808, and emigrated to Missouri about the year 1840, locating in the northwest- ern part of Pettis County, where he resided until his death, which occurred Jan. 21, 1877. When Mr. Kelly come to Missouri he entered the farm upon which he lived for over thirty-five years. The subject of this sketch, R. C. Kelly, is a native of Pettis County, and was born Nov . 19, 1856, he being the only child. He received a limited education from the common schools of his native county. Mr. Kelly was married April 30, 1874, to Miss Vassie Hieronymus, a daughter of Charles R. Hierony- mus. From this union there were three children, only one of whom is now living, viz: Elizabeth C. Since Mr. Kelly has been doing business for himself, he has been engaged in farming, raising and the feeding of live 822 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. stock. He owns a fine farm of 440 acres, well improved and under a high state of cultivation . On this farm Mr. K. raises from 100 to 150 acres of corn each year, and as much as 100 acres of wheat. He also feeds from two to three car loads of cattle during'the winter season. W. T. MORRIS. Post-office, Lamonte. A son of Rev. W. H. Morris, who is a native of Howard County, Mo. The subject of this sketch was born in Howard County, Mo., Sept. 15, 1860, and was the fifth child in a family of six children. Mr. Morris was well educated from the common schools of his native county. Attending three terms at Roanoke, and completing his education at the William Jewell College, near Kansas City. He began teaching school when he was in his seventeenth year, and followed this business until he was married, which event took place Nov. 11, 1879, he marrying Miss Ella Whitfield, the youngest daughter of J. E. Whitfield. From this union there is one child, viz: Edna. Since Mr. Morris' mar- riage he has been engaged in farming. He has a fine farm of 180 acres, a present from his father-in-law. Mr. M. is a young man of intelligence and industry, and bids fair to become one of the representative men of western Pettis County. D. H. NORRIS. Stock raiser and farmer; post-office, Lamonte. Among the many energetic, enterprising business farmers of this township should 'be men- tioned the name of D. H. Norris, a whole-souled gentleman of liberal education and sterling character. He is comfortably situated on a farm of 280 acres, surrounded by many of the comforts of life. He is a native of Baltimore County, Maryland; was born in 1843. He moved to Wood- ford County, 111., during his youth, and was there married Sept. 10, 1868, to Miss Carrie Stevenson, a lady, of refined taste and culture. This union has brought two children: Thomas Stanton and Albert Gordon, both bright, promising boys. Mr. and Mrs. Norris are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church and are highly esteemed for their many genial traits of character. Mr. N. has been an active worker for the cause of education, and has been a warm and hearty supporter of all enterprises that would enhance the welfare of the county. THOMAS B. PRICE. Is the son of Hon. Thomas L. Price, of Jefferson City, Mo., who was a native of Virginia. His ancestors were English, and settled in Virginia in the sixteenth century ; and being possessed of means, engaged in the culture of tobacco and general traffic, and were esteemed among the most influential families of the colonial epoch. In the year 1832, the HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 823 father emigrated to Missouri, settling at St. Louis, but a short time after- wards, located at Jefferson City, where he embarked in mercantile pur- suits, in which business, by his untiring energy and close attention, he became one of the most wealthy and influential citizens of Central Mis- souri. In 1839, Gen. Price was elected the first Mayor of Jefferson City. In 1845, he was defeated for the State Senate. In 1847, he was appointed Brevet Maj.-General of the Sixth Division, Missouri Militia. In 1849, he was elected Lieut-Governor. In the year 1860, he was elected to repre-' sent Cole County in the State Legislature, and in 1861, he was commis- sioned Brig.-General by President Lincoln. In 1862, he was elected to Congress. His life was one of untiring industry and activity, and though endowed by nature with extraordinary health and an iron constitution, his strength at length gave way under the severe tax of mind and body, exacted by his varied pursuits, and at his residence in Jefferson City, on the 16th day of July, 1870, his active and useful life was brought to a close. The subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson City, May 19, 1849. He received a primary education in his native city, completing his literary education at Litiz, Lancaster, Co., Penn., and St. Louis University. He was married to Miss A. C. Bear, of Rockingham, Va., daughter of Col. A. C. Bear. From this union there are two children, viz: Lawson C. and Celestia. Mr. Price resides on his splendid estate in the north- western part of Pettis County, devoting his energies to stock breeding and the 'management of his extensive patrimony. "Avondale" is the name of this beautiful home with its 800 acres. The residence, which cost $15,000, and is a model of architectural beauty and elegant finish, is with one exception, the finest farm house in the State, (see p. 490). The grounds, barns, carriage and other out-houses are in keeping with the house. So, too, is the farm, with its forty and eighty acre lots ; eight miles of hedge, water courses, springs and ponds, admirable timber shelter along the creeks, and the perfect order of the whole estate. Mr. Price grows 120 acres of corn, and from sixty to one hundred acres of wheat; he has 620 acres in blue grass, feeds about 140 steers, and has a herd of thirty-five herd-book Short Horns, of the favorite Rose of Sharon and Monarch families, all, solid red and finely bred. Mr. P. grazes and feeds about 300 mules for the market. He has a lot of brood mares, and raises the best harness and saddle stock from his stallion, Avondale. Mr. Price is one of the heaviest stock dealers in the State, owning magnificent landed estates in Kansas and Texas. B. F. PRIGMORE. Post-office, Brownsville. Another of Blackwater Township's enter- prising and worthy citizens is the subject of this sketch, B. F. Prigmore. He is the son of Isaiah Prigmore, a native of Kentucky, but who came to 824 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. Missouri when he was quite young, and located in the northwestern part of Pettis County, where he lived until the year 1849, when he went to California, dying on his return home. In the early history of this county Mr. Prigmore held a very prominent position as a citizen. The subject of this sketch was born in Pettis County, Oct. 23, 1838. His advantages for an early education were as good as the county afforded at that day. Mr. Prigmore was married on June 8, 1858, to Miss Angeline Berry, a daughter of Mrs. Jane Berry, and was a native of Saline County, Mo. From this union there was one child, which died when young. Mrs. Prigmore also dying, Mr. Prigmore was married again, Jan. 9, 1860, to Miss Mattie J. Warren, a daughter of Mr. Thos. Warren, of Johnson County. From this union there are two children, both of whom are now living, viz: William T. and Robert W. Since Mr. Prigmore has been a man grown, he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a beautiful farm cf 320 acres, finely improved, with a handsome residence, barns, and other out-buildings. Mr. Prigmore is a man of honor and integrity, and is highly esteemed by his neighbors. WILLIAM T. ROBERTS. Stock raiser and farmer; post-office, Lamonte. He is a prominent old settler of this county, and was born in Cooper County, Mo., on the 18th day of August, 1818. His father, Edward Roberts, was a native of Ken- tucky, and came to Cooper County at an early date in its history. l In 1838, Wm. T. Roberts came to Pettis County, locating in what is now town- ship No. four, about six miles northeast of his present farm, where he remained about two years. His father soon afterwards came to this county, and died here, Oct. 7, 1846. In 1840, Mr. Roberts made a trip to Texas, remaining one winter in Collin County, and in the spring of 1841, returned to Pettis County, locating on a farm now owned by Mr. J. C. Higgins, and after a lapse of a few years he again went to Texas, remaining one winter, and once more came back to Pettis Count}'. Soon after this he purchased his present farm, and in the autumn of 1858 he disposed of it and again sought the wild prairies of the Lone Star State, where he purchased a farm in Denton County, on which he remained one year; then returned to this county, and has since made it his home. He bought back his original farm and has since extended it until now it consists of 220 acres. It is well improved, with a handsome and commodious dwelling, comfortable barn, grand old orchard, and in fact his entire surroundings are suggestive of the man of enterprise and industry. He was married Feb. 7, 1839, to Miss Minerva Edwards, a daughter of Samuel Edwards, one of the pioneer settlers. She was born in North Carolina, and is a lady of estimable character. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have long been associated with the Regular Baptist Church, and HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 825 were among its pioneer workers. They have reared a family of eight children, and lost three. Mr. Roberts is now giving his attention to me duties of a large stock raising business and the management of his farm, and although adva'nced in years, is still engaged in active business life. ZACHARIAH ROBERTS. Farmer. Post-office, Lamonte. *A native of Blackwater Township, Pettis County. Was born in 1841, and is a son of William T . Roberts, one of the pioneers of the county. He was twice married: first in September, 1863, to Miss Minerva Coats, who died in 1869 ; and in 1873 he was again married, this time to Miss Julia E. Ramey. This last union has brought them three children who are still living, Estella, Millie and Daisy. Mr. Roberts owns a nice farm in Blackwater, which he has recently purchased. He has seen nearly the entire growth of Pettis County. Is a member of the Regular Baptist Church . WM. H. RISSLER. Post-office, Lamonte, Lamonte Township. Among the worthy young bachelors of Blackwater Township, none stand higher in the esti- mation of the citizens as a worthy, straight forward business young man, than the subject of this sketch. Wm. H. Rissler is the son of }. G. Rissler, who was a native of Jefferson County, Va., but who emigrated to Missouri in an early day. Wm. H. was born in Cooper County, Mo., July 17, 1853, and is the fifth child in a family of ten children. He received a good practical education from the schools of his native county. Since Mr. Rissler has been a man grown he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He owns a fine farm of 290 acres, situated on the beautiful rolling prairie of the northwestern part of Pettis County; and for productiveness of soil, this farm is not excelled by any in the county. FIRMIN SEBRING. Post-office, Rowletta, Blackwater Tp. Where there are so many good citizens and worthy men as this township contains, it would be hardly probable in our brief sketches that full justice would be done, but we should feel our task was not complete without mention of this quiet and retired citizen, Firmin Sebring, He is the son of Jacob Sebring of New Jersey, and was born in Sussex County, N. J., Aug. 28, 1811, and was the fifth child in a family of seven children. When Mr. Sebring was about four years old, his father moved his family to Ohio, settling at Cincinnati where he remained a short time; then he moved to Butler County, Ohio, from Butler County to Darke County, where he died, July 9, 1858. In the summer of 1866, Mr. Sebring moved his family 826 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. from Ohio to Missouri, settling in the northwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married Nov. 24 1831, to Miss Sarah A. Lourimore, a daughter of Hugh Lourimore, a native of Pennsylvania. From this union there are seven children living, viz: Martha, Hugh, John B., Isaac W., Mary E., Christopher C. and Catharine. Mrs. Sebring dying, he was again married, Aug. 22, 1860, to Mrs. E. Martin. From this marriage there are no children. Since Mr. Sebring's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and raising stock. He owns a nice little farm of 160 acres well improved. JOHN GRADISON SENIOR. Post-office, Knobnoster. Of the worthy and well-to-do citizens of Blackwater township, there is none more worthy of mention than J. G. RESIDENCE OF J. Q. SENIOR. Senior; He is the son of Samuel Senior, who was a native of Virginia, but who emigrated to Boone County, Mo., in the spring of 1817, remain- ing in Boone County until the spring of 1834, when he moved to Johnson County, settling near the Pettis County line. Here he remained until his death, which occurred May 15, 1860. The subject of this sketch was born in Johnson County, June 4, 1840. He was educated in the common schools of his native county. Mr. Senior was a soldier in the Confed- erate army for almost four years, and participated in some of the hard fought battles of the late war. He was engaged in the battles of Pea Ridge, Corinth, Champion Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Alexandria, Salem River and a number of smaller engagements. He received a slight wound at the battle of Corinth. After peace had been declared Mr. S. returned to his father's old homestead in Johnson County, having not only lost his HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 827 four years' time, but also his earnings. Here he had to begin life anew, and it was at this time he laid that firm foundation upon which he has, by his industry and economy, built up so handsome a fortune. In the spring of 1869 Mr. Senior moved to northwestern Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married Feb. 22, 1870, to Miss Josie Honey, a step-daughter of the Rev. A. F. Scruggs, she being a native of Kentucky. From this union there were six children, four of whom are now living, viz: Minnie L., Lizzie, Allie D. and Franklin L. Since Mr. Senior's resi- dence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming, raising and feed- ing of live stock. He owns a fine farm, " Highland," of 420 acres, with a. handsome dwelling and other out-buildings. A view of the residence appears on the preceding page. He raises on this farm 140 to 170 acres of wheat, and from 100 to 120 acres of corn. In politics, Mr. S. is a Democrat, and in religion a member of the Christian Church. He is a man of fine business qualifications, highly esteemed and honored bv all who know him. J. L. SHEPHERD. Post-office, Lamonte. Among the self-made young men of Black- water township is J. L. Shepherd. He is the son of Umphrey Shepherd, who was a native of Virginia, but emigrated to Missouri about the year 1828, and settled close to Old Franklin, in Howard County, where he remained two years, then returned to Virginia. Then, in Nov., 1855, the father again moved his family to Missouri, settling this time in Pettis County, on what is known as Heath's Creek, where he remained until his death, which occurred Jan. 18, 1874. The subject of this sketch was born in Loudoun County, Va., July 4, 1848, and is the youngest child in a family of fourteen children, all of whom lived to be men and women grown, excepting one. Mr. S. received a primary education in the com- mon schools of this county. He was married Jan. 12, 1871, to Miss Millie H. Benton, of Lafayette County, Mo., a daughter of Levi T. Benton, who emigrated to Missouri from Harrison County, Ky., in 1854; from this union there were five children, four of whom are now living, viz: Annie C, Rosa M., Hattie D. and Josie I. Since Nr. L. has been a man grown he has been engaged in farming. He owns a fine little farm of 100 acres, which, to his credit, it can be said, is the product of his own industry and economy. SAMUEL SHANKS. Post-office, Brownsville. One of Pettis County's most honored citizens is the subject of this sketch. He is what may be strictly termed a self-made man. His father, Jacob Shanks, was a native of Virginia, but died in a few years after emigrating to Missouri. Samuel was the 828 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. fourth child in a family of eight children. He received a practical educa- tion from the common subscription schools of this State. When he was thirteen years old he was taken with his father's family to Osage County, where he remained until the year 1846, when he enlisted as a soldier in the Mexican War, remaining until its close. He then returned to his home in Missouri. In 1849, Mr. S., like many others of that 'day, caught the gold fever, which took him to California, but he only remained in the golden State about eighteen months, when he returned to his native State, and in the spring of 1850 he moved to Pettis County, locating in the northwest- ern part of the county, where he has since resided . Mr. Shanks was • married March, 1852, to Miss Bobbitt, a daughter of John Bobbitt, of "PRAIRIE HOME," RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL SHANKS. Johnson County. From this union there were four children, three of whom are now living, viz: Emma, now the wife of Will D. Carpenter; Florence, now wife of Dr. Seaton Tyler, and David, at home. Mrs. Shanks dying, he was again married to Miss Lucy B; Tate, of Texas. From this union there were four children, three of whom are now living, viz: Fox, Wilford and Daisy. Mr. Sharks owns one of those model farms, " the Prairie Home," for which the northwestern part of the county is noted, 640 acres in extent, and like the other farms of this section, it is well watered, has a handsome residence and fine out-buildings, fences, etc., a fine view of which produced on this page. Mr. Shank farms exten- HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 829 sively, though keeping many acres of his farm in meadow and blue grass, upon which he has a choice herd of twenty-five Short-horns, representing the Young Mary and Rose of Sharon families, led by the Second Duke of the Roses, an animal of great merit. He also has in his barns a fine selection of brood mares, among them one sired by old St. Lewis Den- mark, that has carried off many prizes. Mr. Shanks is a thorough stock man, and has been for years President of the Brownsville District Fair. He is a man of influence and character, one of whom his county can justly feel proud. SOLOMON SPURGIN. • Post-office, Sigel. One of the early settlers of Blackwater township is Solomon Spurgin, a son of the Rev. I. Spurgin, who was a native of North Carolina, and a preacher for many years. Solomon was the oldest child in a family of seven children, and was born in Davidson County, N. C, Oct. 10, 1822. In the fall of 1843 Mr. Spurgin, with his father, moved to Missouri, settling first in Henry County, near Calhoun, where the family remained one year. Then the father moved to Pettis County, where he died Aug. 4, 1877. Mr. Spurgin remained on the farm he entered in the winter of 1849, excepting the time he was in the United States service during the late rebellion. Mr. Spurgin was married July 7, 1842, to Miss Eliza M. Haines, a daughter of George Haines, and a native of Davidson County, N. C. From this union there were ten children, only five of whom are now living, viz: Sarah A., Mary J., Phoebe L., Mary A. and Carrie. Mr. Spurgin has been very unfortunate, losing two of his daugh- ters, viz: Nannie H. and Clara E., who had just grown to womanhood — kind and affectionate, beloved by all. The children living are all married excepting Carrie, the youngest. Mr. Spurgin owns a beautiful farm of 160 acres. J. R. SPURGIN. Post-office, Houstonia. One among the most successful farmers of Blackwater township is J. R. Spurgin, a son of William Spurgin and a native of North Carolina. Mr. Spurgin is also a native of North Carolina, he being born in Davidson County of that State on Nov. 14, 1825. He received his education from the common subscription schools of his native State. In the fall of 1848, Mr. S. with a brother and two sisters emigra- ted to Missouri, settling in the northwestern part of Pettis County, upon the farm where he now resides, he buying about 120 acres, and entering some, about the same time. Mr. Spurgin was married Oct. 22, 1852, to Miss Mary A. Clinard, a daughter of Henry Clinard, also a native of North Carolina. From this union there are four children, all of whom are living, viz.: Larkin H. S.Jennie, EmmaE., and Samuel J. Jennie is married 40 830 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. to the Rev. W. T. Campbell of Kansas City. Mr. S. has just met with the sad misfortune of losing his estimable wife, who died March 8, 1882; she was a kind wife, a loving and an affectionate mother. Since Mr. Spur- gin's residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm situated on the beautiful rolling prai- rie of this section. His home farm consists of 490 acres, with fine sub- stantial improvements under a high state of cultivation. On this farm there are 8 miles of hedge fence, and there has been raised in one season over 5000 bushels of wheat, and there is in wheat at the present time 320 acres. T. M. TRIPLETT. • . . . Son of William Triplett," who was a native of Loudoun County, Va. The subject of this sketch was born in Fauquier County, Va., May 18, 1828, and was the fourth child in a family of five children. He received a lib- eral education from the common subscription schools of his native county. Mr. Triplett, in the fall of. 1868, emigrated with his family to Missouri,, settling in the north-western part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married in the spring of 1852 to Miss V. R. Silcott, a daughter of Jacob Silcott, who was also a native of Fauquier County, Va. From this union there were nine children, eight of whom are now living, viz. : Henry F., John T., William A., Ida M., Jacob, Thomas M., Howard L. and Mollie E. Since Mr. Triplett's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming, raising and the feeding of live stock. He owns a fine farm of 385 acres, situated on the beautiful rolling prairie in the northwestern part of the county. This farm is finely improved, having a large dwelling house, barn and other out-buildings. Mr. T. is spoken of by his neighbors as an upright and straight-forward man and a worthy citizen. MILTON W. TYLER, Jr. Post-office, Sigel. Among the representative young men of Pettis County there are none who stand higher with the people than M. W. Tyler, of Black water Township. He is the son of M. W. Tyler, Sr., who was a native of Jefferson County, Ky. The subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson County, Ky., March 2,1850, and was the sixth child in a fam- ily of seven children. When he was about two years old his father moved his family from Kentucky to Johnson County, Ind., where he remained eighteen years; here he received the rudiments of his education. In the fall of 1869 his father moved to Missouri, settling in Johnson County, where he still lives. In the winter of 1876 Mr. Tyler moved to Pettis County, settling in the northwestern part of the county, where he still resides. Mr. Tyler was married Nov. 9, 1875, to Miss Kate Hall, a HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 831 daughter of Sylvester Hall, a native of Bourbon County, Ky., who was born in the year 1811 and moved to Cooper County, Mo., in the year 1819; then in the year 1824 he moved to what is now Pettis County, before it was organized. Mr. Hall was one of the gold seekers of 1849 who went to California, and since that time he has crossed the plains ten times. Mr. Hall was married to Miss Nancy E. Gallagher in 1853, and from this marriage there were four children, viz. : Kate, Victoria, George and Charles, three of whom are living— Victoria having died in the year 1873. Mr. Hall moved to Johnson County in 1865, then back to Pettis County, February, 1882, where he resides at the present time. He owns fine tracts of land in Johnson and Pettis counties to the amount of 1,600 acres, and a salmon fishery on the Columbia River, W. T. From the marriage of Mr. Tyler and Miss Hall there are three children, all of whom are now living, viz. : Victoria J., Seaton and Viola E. Since Mr. Tyler's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming, raising and feeding of stock. Mr. Tyler owns a fine farm of 333 acres, well im- proved. In business matters Mr. Tyler is honorable and just, command- ing the respect of all who know him. J. E. WHITFIELD. Post-office, Lamonte. The world furnishes men of every type and character. Some have breadth and liberality of mind; others never per- ceive that which is beyond their own narrow sphere of operations, and they never go beyond the neighborhood in which they were born. To the mind that never experiences the educating influences of new and strange surroundings, a great part of life's joy and satisfaction is lost. Few men, indeed, among the quiet farmers of our rural districts have had the varied experiences, the success and adversity which have fallen to the lot of J. E. Whitfield. He is the son of Wm. Whitfield, who was a native of North Carolina, and served as a soldier in the War of 1812. The grandfather, John Whitfield, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and the musket the old grandsire carried in that struggle is now in the possession of the grandson, J. E. The subject of this sketch was born in Granville County, N. C, Aug. 9, 1817, and emigrated to Missouri in the spring of 1849, settling in Blackwater Township, where he has since resided, except the time he was in the south during the late war. Mr. Whitfield was married June 12, 1844, to Miss H. H. Winston, a daughter of Jesse Winston, of Franklin County, N. C. From this union there were seven children, only three of whom are now living, viz.: Lucy F., Wm. H. and J. Ella. Lucv is married to Mr. B. Delap. William is also married and living near the father, and Ella is the wife of W. T Morris. For many years Mr. Whitfield has been engaged in farming, feeding, and the raising of stock. He owned before dividing with his 832 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. children, 1,040 acres of land. The.se lands are situated on the beautiful rolling prairie of western Pettis County. The home farm where Mr. Whitfield resides is finely improved with dwelling, barns and other out buildings. Mr. Whitfield has near his residence a family burying ground, in which are buried his father, who died in the spring of 1861, and his chil- dren. This little burial place is beautifully enclosed with a solid wall of masonry 50x50 feet, and is seven feet high from foundation, and the wall is furnished with a cap projecting two inches. W. H. WHITFIELD. Post-office, Lamonte. Among the young men of Blackwater Town- ship, we find none, more highly esteemed than W. H. Whitfield. He is the son of J. E. Whitfield, and was born, March 9, 1849, in Franklin County, N. C. When he was quite young his father emigrated to Missouri, set- tling in Pettis County, near where he resides at the present time; here he has ever since lived. Mr. W. received a liberal education from the com- mon schools of this county. He was married, Feb. 16, 1871, to Miss Nancy E. Scott, a daughter of Adam Scott, who was a native of Missouri, but has been dead about twenty-three years," from this union there are three children, all of whom are yet living, viz: James E., Delia and Arthur. Since Mr. Whitfield has been doing business for himself he has been engaged in farming. He owns a beautiful farm of two hundred and forty acres, finely improved and under a high state of cultivation. CHARLES T. WIDNEY, M. D. Post-office, Rowletta. Dr. Charles T. Widney is the son of James H. Widney, who was a native of Pennsylvania. The Dr. was born in Muhlen- burg County, Ky., Dec. 2, 1841, and was the youngest child in a family of four children. He was educated partly at Hart's Seminary, Owensboro Ky., and completing his literary education at Franklin College, Lancaster, Penn. Dr. Widney attended a course of lectures at the Kentucky School of Medicine, and graduated at the University of Louisville. After receiving his diploma he practiced his profession a few months in Ken- tucky. There, joining Olcorn's Brigade, where he was made a Surgeon of a battalion, which afterwards became the Eighth Kentucky. Then he was made Surgeon of the Cumberland Artillery, three companies that were formed on the Cumberland River. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Fort Donelson, Feb. 16, 18614, and was imprisoned at Camp Chase for five months, when he was exchanged. He was then assigned to Gen. Albert G. Jenkins' staff of Lee's Army of Virginia. Here he served nine months; then he was elected Major of a calvary battalion, which was almost destroyed at the battle of Gettysburg. He was then appointed Surgeon of the Fourteenth Virginia Cavalry, serving here until HISTORY OF BI.ACKWATER TOWNSHIP. 833 nearly the close of the war. The Dr. was wounded in the foot. Near the close of the war he was assigned to Gov. Milton's staff of Florida. After the close of the war he returned to his Kentucky home where he was for a short time a member of the Kentucky Conference. Owing to ill-health he abandoned his ministerial labors, and accepted a position in the female department of the Louisville City Hospital. From here he went to Shelbyville, where he continued in the practice of his profession for three years. Then he moved to St. Louis, and after engaging in his profession for sometime he was made physician of the St. Louis Sanita- rium, a hospital for diseases of the brain and nervous system, and for six years he acted in the capacity of one of the experts on insanity in the courts of St. Louis,' continuing at the same time the practice of his profes- sion. In March, 1881, he was made Medical Superintendent at the Sweet Springs. In Feb., 1882, the Dr. moved his family to Pettis County, where he is at present engaged in the practice of his profession. The Dr. was married, June 20, 1869, to Miss Alice C. Wise. From this union there are five children. The Dr. owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixt}' acres, well improved and under a high state of cultivatiota. L. H. WILLIAMS. Post-office, Houstonia. Is the son of Absalom Williams, a native of North Carolina, but who emigrated to Missouri in the fall of 1845, and settled in Blackwater Township, where he remained until his death, which occurred in April, 1867. The subject of our sketch was born in Davidson County, N. C, Nov. 14-, 1830. And in the fall of 1846 he came to Missouri, and located with his father in Pettis County. His advantages for an early education were very poor, he having to go from three to four miles to school, and the school term only being from two to three months in the year. In the spring of 1850 Mr. Williams, like many other young men of his day, took the California fever, to which State he made a trip, hoping to increase his wordly possessions in the shape of glittering gold; however, he remained only one year, when he returned to his home in Pettis County, where he remained until the war. Mr. Williams was married, Oct. 5, 1854, to Miss Elizabeth Daniel, a daughter of Wm. Daniel, who was a native of North Carolina. From this union there were six children, four of whom are now living, viz: Effie A., Jane B., Wm. P. and Joseph A. Since Mr. W. has been a resident of Pettis County he has been engaged" in farming and stock raising; he has also engaged extensively in stock feeding and shipping. He owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres, situated on the rolling prairie of Blackwater Township. The farm is finely improved, with dwelling and other out-buildings. 834 HISTORY OF BLACKWATER TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM WINSTON. Post office, Rowletta. Is the youngest child in a large family of children. His father, Jesse Winston, was a native of North Carolina. William was born in Franklin County, N. C, Feb. 18, 1833. He received a limited education from the common subscription schools of his native State. His father dying when he was about fourteen years old, he went to Tennessee, and made his home with one of his brothers, where he remained about six years; then he moved to Missouri, settling in the north- western part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Winston was married Oct. 16, 1856, to Miss Eliza J. Siceloff, a daughter of Andrew D. Siceloff of this county. From this union there were eight children, six of whom are yet living, viz: Sarah F., Verbena, Agnes, Charley, Josie and George. Mrs. Winston dying, Mr. W. was again married April 15, 1873, to Miss Maggie E. Wade. From this union .there are four children, all of whom are living, viz: Stella, May, Ernest and Forrest. Since Mr. Winston's residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He owns a fine farm of 316 acres. Its improvements are in keeping with that of the neighborhood. A fine dwelling, a barn, out- buildings and other improvements. Mr. Winston also owns a fine farm in the southern part of the county, consisting of 116 acres. EDWARD WOOD. He is an older brother of Albion Wood; was born in Pettis County, Mo., in the month of October, 1842. Received a common school educa- tion. When about twenty years of age he embarked in the mercantile business for himself in Monroe County, this State, and afterwards run a. store at Jonesborough, Saline County, which he continued for some years. In 1868 he returned to Pettis County and settled on his present farm, con- taining 320 acres of first class land, upon which he has erected a new and substantial residence of the latest design. In 1868 he was united' in mar- riage with Miss Lonza Fisher, daughter of Mrs. Mary E. Fisher of Saline County. They have seven children, O. H., E. H., F. H., J. C, Clifton W., Watson and Edward Wood. Mr. Wood, since moving on his farm, has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, and at the same time has dealt largely in cattle and hogs, and is well known throughout this county as one of its most substantial citizens. One ot his favorite amusements is the gun, and to-day he enjoys a chase with the dogs. He and his brother, Albion, are of the generous whole-hearted men who have enjoyed life on the frontier. HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 835 CHAPTER XIV.— LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name— The English Estate of Longwood — Organization — The First Voting Place — Pin Hook Mills — The First Court in the County— Physical Features— Churches — Schools — Potter Lodge, A. F. & A. M. — Longwood Lodge, I. O. O. F. — Incidents — Murder of Mi. Majors — Col. Fields Killed — Murder of Mrs. Raines — Murderer Burned by a Mob — Village of Longwood — Biographical. The surface of this township presents, perhaps, as diversified an appear- ance as any township in the county. Hill and dale succeed one another n marvelous profusion in whatsoever direction one may go. Prairie and forest add each its share to beautify the landscape, and the numerous small streams cut and carve the entire surface in a manner most charming, if not always convenient. There is but little history that can be given of this township distinctly separate from its neighbors. The reader is there- fore referred to all the northern townships whose histories are so closely interwoven with each other as to be impossible to give a detailed one of each. It may be remarked, however, that the settlement of the township proceeded slowly. There seemed to be a most marked predilection in favor of more heavily wooded sections, or indeed of bottom lands. True it is that the settlers coming from the older States brought with them the manners and customs of the sections where they had matured. To shake off the old habits, the old likes and dislikes, was a task to which the %arly settler had a special dislike, and he therefore allowed the old time habits to guide his judgment in the selection of a new homestead. Accustomed to hilly and woody regions, his choice leaned in that direc- tion in his new home, and his location was accordingly selected on hill- side or in valley. It was years before the prairie began to be viewed as a desirable home, and then only when the influx of population made such a choice a matter of necessity. To-day a great portion of its surface is under cultivation, and it no longer lies on the outskirts of civilization, but is the scene of marvelous activity. Name. — Longwood derives its name from the town situated on its east- ern edge. Of this place it may be said it derives its name from truly aristocratic lineage. In England one of those grand old estates which we delighted to read about in our childhood days, is and has been called for centuries, Longwood, and in this far western county is repeated after the lapse of years, a name that is loved and honored in "that far-off-house across the sea." The town was first called Hermantown and the post- office Oak Grove. This was abouUone mile north of the present town of Longwood, and when the petition for the change was made known to the town, it was granted on condition that it should be called Longwood, there being another Oak Grove in the State. Organization. — Longwood township, although one of the earliest 836 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. settled in the county, is one of the latest in organization. It was originally part of Bowling Green, and then part of Heath's Creek and Mt. Sterling. In the organization of 1873 it was given the fn lowing boundaries: To include all that portion of township forty-eight, range twenty-one, that belongs to Pettis County, and all of township forty-seven, range twenty-one, bounded as follows: commencing at the northeast corner of section twenty-four, township forty-eight, range twenty-one, running thence west on the county line to the northwest corner of section nine- teen, township forty-eight, range twenty-one; running thence south on the range-line to the southwest corner of section thirty-one, township forty- seven, range twenty-one, running thence east on the township-line to the southeast corner of thirty-six township forty-seven, range twenty-one, running thence north on the range-line to place of beginning. It contains fifty-four sections of land, equalling 34,640 acres, and of this the greater part is valuable land. In the southwestern part of the township is a little obscure place called in early years Pin Hook. Of this, little remains but the ruins, yet to the student of the history of Pettis County those ruins are as full of interest in connection with the early days of Pettis County, as are the ruins of Baby- lon and Nineveh to the student of Ancient History. Here first the voters of the county, then in its infancy, laid the foundation which has built the now famous county of Pettis. Here was exercised for the first time within the borders of our present noble county that inalienable right of every free American citizen, the right of a free and unrestricted ballot for the man of their choice to represent them in the General Assembly of rep- resentative men of the State. Before Georgetown was laid out, and years before the city of Sedalia had been conceived in the mind of even the wildest dreamer of the future greatness of not only the county, but the State, this little obscure place was the head of business in this county. It was the "business Mecca" to which the eyes of all the early settlers turned, and here they came to do their trading, have their milling done and dis- cuss the political situation of the day; but it has now decayed until but little is left to tell the story of its former importance outside of the minds of the oldest citizens. These cherish the memories of those happy days when they met here to discuss the best methods of procedure in organiza- tion and election of officers. The first court ever held in the county was at this point and the docket of that term was meagre in the extreme, but one or two cases being on trial. In the chapter on "Courts and Bar" this subject is treated at length. (See p. 275.) The first postmaster of the town .was Thomas Wasson, and the first merchants of the place were Marmadulce & Sappington, the latter a rela- tive of Dr. Sappington of Saline County, and Watson and Clifton Woods also did business here. When Georgetown was laid out they moved HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 837 i to the new town. The first lawyers in Pin Hook were Geo. Heard, Washington Adams and Heydon. After the county adopted township organization in 1873 the following officers were elected: James Roberts and Geo. F. S. Sprinkle, trustees; Wm. Hoffman, township clerk; W. C. Cheatau, assessor; Lewis Lower, collector. Configuration. — In shape Longwood township is a parallelogram, being six miles east and west by nine north and south. It has perhaps as diversified physical features as any township in the county, being com- posed of beautiful prairie land interspersed with timbered belts along its streams, of which there are several in or passing through the township. Its timber is an old, natural growth, and affords for fuel and fencing pur- poses an adequate supply, not only for home consumption, but also for the neighboring townships that have little for their own use. A reckless waste of timber has been followed in this as in other townships for years ; that of cutting down and using for fencing fine walnut logs, that, if shipped to market, would bring a handsome price, and even piling up valuable walnut, oak, cherry and ash logs and burning them to clear the cheap, hilly land, or sold for fuel on the market in competition with the cheap coals. While the whole country is appalled at the nearness of a timber famine, and Pettis County farmers are paying three prices for furniture manu- factured in Indianapolis, Chicago, or other eastern cities, it looks very like sacrilege to the thoughtful eastern farmer. However, this is being remedied to some extent, and more care is being taken of this valuable product. Fine hedge fences are superseding the old fashioned rails, and the surplus of logs is being worked up by home mills or shipped to near markets and bring -remunerative prices. Early Settlers. — Of these there are only a few remaining to tell the story of how the country looked, how they lived, how they farmed and how they prospered. The township being until 1873 a part of others its early settlers are so interwoven with those of other townships that it is almost impossible to give them separately. However we present a list as nearly accurate as it was possible to obtain. James Scott came to Missouri and settled in Cooper County, in 1819. In 1830 he moved to this county and settled in the present township bounds. He has been dead for a number of years. Hiram Scott came in 1828 or '29, also from Cooper County. Wm. ' Head settled near Long- wood in 1827, coming from Howard County. Both of these are now dead. John Ellis came in 1828 from Cooper County, and is still living in the county. W. H. Chaney came in 1838 from Clarke County, Ky., and is still living in the township. P. T. Parsons came in 1840, from Green County, Ky., and is still living in the township. His father was born in 838 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 1748 and lived to the advanced age of i03 years, dying in 1851. He was a soldier under General Washington in the Revolutionary War. Wm. Johnson came in 1834, and is now in Iowa. John, Peter and Anthony Fisher came in 1830 from Illinois. They all settled in the northern part of the county and are all dead. Bethel Allen came in 1831 from Callaway County, and died in the Platte Purchase, in the northwestern part of the State.. Thomas and Jesse Joplin came to the county in 1829, and settled in the borders of the township. They were from Tennessee. The former is now dead and the latter resides with his son in the western part of Heath's Creek townchip. Thomas Kemp came in 1831 from Callaway County. He was formerly from Virginia. He died in the township. Riley Kemp came near the same year, and was elected second Sheriff of the county. In 1850 he went to California and died there. Churches. — Among the early churches organized in the county were those in Bowling Green Township, or as it is now called Heath's Creek and Long wood. Of these as complete a history as could be obtained is given in Heath's Creek Township, and in this township we shall treat only of the present churches and their congregations. The Longwood Methodist Episcopal Church is situated in the town of Longwood, and was organized some years before the war. The Con- gregation worship in a frame building erected conjointly by them and the Presbyterian denomination at a cost of $1,200. (For the history of this Presbyterian Church, see general church history of the Presbyterian Church.) The house was dedicated by Rev. Wm. M. Prottsman when it was completed, in 1871. It was built under the supervision of Judge D. H. Orear, and the carpenter work was done by Ma the w Bridgwater. The building is well, furnished with seats, carpets, organ, etc. The pastors who have occupied the pulpit are: W, B., McFarland, J. L. D. Blevins, A. M. Rader, Josiah Godby, M. Duran, G. P. Smith, L. M. Phillips, and the present incumbent is E. G. Frazier. The. Congregation support, a good Sunday School of forty-five scholars, of which A. W. Ryan is Superin T tendent. The original members of the church were Reuben Creel and wife, J. C. Hemphill and wife, James I. Belwood and family, Wilson Jones and family, William Ricks, Col. Buford and family, Mrs. Horton, James Estes, and one or two families of the Kemps. Up to about 1875. there was a very large congregation of members in this church, but when Hope^ well Church was erected south of the town, the church at John's school house organized southwest, and Horton Chapel east, it drew a large portion of the former congregation away from this church to worship in their own neighborhood. It is still a strong congregation in healthy condition, but at one time it numbered over one hundred members on, its class book. Prairie Grove Baptist Church was organized in February, 1880, by HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 839 Rev. S. W. Whipple. They are situated in the northeastern part of the township, but have not as yet erected a church building. There have been two pastors for the congregation : Rev. S. W. Whipple, the first, and Rev. B. T. Thomas, the present. The original members of the con- gregation were W. R. Scott, Sarah M. Scott, R. H. Morris, L. Morris, D- Taylor, Millard Taylor, Thomas Davis, C. Davis, C. Landon, R. Morris, L. Hartwell, and Mrs. McClellen. The number of present membership is fifteen. It has no Sunday School at present. Schools. -In the township of Longwood there are six schools. Per- haps the most important one is that of Green Lawn Seminary, built for a private school and located about five miles south of Longwood. It was organized by Rev. Gordon Turner, as a Cumberland Presbyterian school, but since the year 1878 it has been conducted^ as a public school. The Longwood School enrolls seventy pupils. The school house that had been used up to this year (1882) was a brick, but it became too dilapi- dated for further use and a neat frame one is being erected, and will be completed in time for the fall term, at a cost of $800. It has been under the supervision of Mr. A. W. Ryan, and is in a prosperous condition. Judge Washburn has been teaching in the township for a number of years, and stands high in the profession. The wages paid are from forty to fifty-five dollars per month. Societies. — Potter Lodge, No. 84, A. F. & A. M., of Longwood, was instituted April 23, 1854, and the charter was granted May 25, the same year. The lodge was organized by Oscar F. Potter, D. D. G. M. The organization was at Oak Grove, now called Longwood. After the initia- tion of the candidates for admission, the subordinate lodge was organized by electing A. A. Glasscock, W. M.; Thomas E. Staples, S. W.; N. T. Allison, J. W.; Samuel B. Scott, Treasurer; John F. Scott, Secretary; John S. Jones, S. D.; Charles Jones, Tyler. Besides those elected to the foregoing offices there were present at this meeting, Brothers Charles Glasscock, John Nuble, E. Landon, Thos. L. Williams, J. M. Gentry, Daniel L. Griffiths, Clay Thompson and James Roberts. For twenty-eight years the lodge has continued to hold its regular meetings. They occupy the hall that was built by them a short time after organization. The officers of the lodge for the year 1882 are: S. P, Hunt, W. M.; S. G. Hanley, S. W.; A. B. Cayton, J. W.; H. C. Speers, Treasurer; D. M. Gray, Secretary; James Roberts, S. D.; C. Estes, J. D.; and A. Hill, Tyler. Longwood Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, No. 202, was organized in*March, 1869, by Elias Bixby, District Deputy. They occupy the Masonic Hall, and have a membership of thirty. The first officers were A. H. Hanly, N. G.; Isaac Oppenheimer, Secretary. A full list 840 HISTORY OF LONG WOOD TOWNSHIP. of the present officers is as follows: D. M. Gray, N. G.; S. R. Hierony- fflus, V. G.; D. H. Orear, Secretary; and A. H. Hannly, Treasurer. Incidents. — During the war there were one or two bloody deeds com- mitted in the township. Wm. Majors was murdered in the yeaf 1862, by a drunken rowdy on his farm near Longwood. He was a highly respected gentleman, and had a very interesting family. By this sad blow the family was entirely broken up. Col. W. H. Fields, father of the present County Clerk, came from Louisville, Ky., and settled southwest of Longwood. He erected the finest btick house that up to its time had been built in the county. It was' destroyed by fire about a year ago. During the dark, days of the war, Mr. Fields met his death at the hands of one of the gangs of marauders that then infested these parts. He was highly respected, and his untimely death was greatly lamented. Perhaps the most foul deed ever perpetrated in the township was the murder of Mrs. Henry Raines, in 1852, by a negro man belonging to a Mr. France. At the same time he also attempted, > and nearly succeeded in killing her two children, severely wounding both. One, a boy of some nine years of age, recovered sufficiently, told the story of the terrible crime and identified the perpetrator. The negro first attacked her and the children in the house, and she escaping from the house fled towards the wood pile, it was supposed, to procure an axe to defend herself and family there. The negro followed, and overpowering her left her dead among the wood piled up for summer's use. On the evidence of the boy the negro was arrested and taken to Georgetown jail; but a number of brave neigh- bors determined he should have justice given him at once, and proceeded to Georgetown, took him from jail, tied him to a small tree, and then piled brush and logs around him until a sufficient amount had been arranged to insure his certain death, and. then fired it. He was burned to ashes, and paid the penalty of his awful crime in a manner fully justifiable under the circumstances. VILLAGE OF LONGWOOD. Situated in the northwestern part of the township is the pleasant little village of Longwood, with 125 inhabitants. From this place the town- ship takes its name. It has several stores, shops, one church building and a good school house in course of erection. Mail is received daily from Sedalia. The town has no railroad, but had it one giving rapid communi- cation with its neighboring towns, it would be one of the most pleasant little places in which to make a home, that it has been the writer's privi- lege to visit. It is just at the edge of a splendid stretch of timber, and on high, rolling ground, and everything in the way of pleasant scenery around it to make it attractive. Its business men are: James Roberts, HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 841 postmaster, and general merchandise. Mr. Roberts has been postmaster ontinuously for the past twenty years. Sale & Hoffman, dry goods, (S. B. Sale the senior partner is a senior member of a St. Louis firm.) Dan- iel E. Wilcox, dry goods, groceries and drugs; A. B. Caton, dry goods, groceries and drugs; John Sinchaugh, saddler ; S. G. Hanley, blacksmith; A. C. Chaney, blacksmith; Jacob Eappel, shoemaker; J. A. Rawlette, bricklayer; E. G. Frazier, M. E. Minisler, R. Slomer, carpenters; Judge D. E. Orear, notary public; John Morris, carpenter; Henry Barnhoff, car- penter. LUCRETIUS BAKER. Was born in Clay County, Ky., in the year 1809. His parents were natives of Virginia, both of whom died in the State of Kentucky, his father aged eighty-six and his mother forty-five years. Mr. Baker was married in 1835, to Miss Nancy Rout, who only lived ten years. In the year 1846, he was again married to Miss Lydia Montgomery, of Ken- tucky, her father being a native of Maryland, and her mother of Eng- land. He is the father of six children, one so*n and five daughters, all of whom are married except two, and residing in the county. One of his daughters is the wife of Henry Y. Fields, County Clerk of Pettis County, Missouri. Mr. B. came to Pettis County in 1855, and purchased a mag- nificent farm of 400 acres, lying fifteen miles north of the city of Sedalia,. near what is known as the Independence and Boonville trail. This farm was formerly owned by Dr. Ferris, and it was at this place that the first post-office was established, bearing the name of Longwood. He has disposed of a part of his land, but has retained 264 acres, 220 acres of which is in a high state of cultivation, well improved with good fences, a large and commodious dwelling, in the center of a magnificent lawn, and surrounded by a growth of magnificent shade trees. The lawn, garden,, vineyard and orchard indicate the presence and care of a master in fruit and garden culture, and landscaping. He has furty acres of fine timber,, quite a portion of which is black walnut. His farm consists of what is termed mulatto soil, high rolling prairie, and divided into oblong fields of a convenient size for farming and grazing purposes. He grows from fifty to one hundred acres of corn, and from thirty to fifty acres of wheats averaging from sixteen to twenty-five bushels to the acre. The place is watered by good wells and ponds.- Mr. B. is a popular and influential man, characterized by sterling sense, unimpeachable integrity, and com- mands a high appreciation by all who know him. ALBERT CAPEN. Was born in Stoughton, Mass., Feb. 16, 1811. His father and mother were natives of the same State, both dying in the State of Maine — his- 842 " HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. father at the age of ninety-five, and his mother at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. C. was married in Massachusetts, in 1838, to Mary J. Nichols, which union gave them three children, one son and two daughters. His wife died in Massachusetts, in 1844, and in the year 1849, he emigrated to Longwood Township. He was'engaged for quite a while in freight- ing from Fort Leavenworth, Kan., to different places in the Far West. He was the first township assessor of this township, and is now acting as deputy assessor, having in his charge four townships in the northern part of the county, which position he has held for quite a number of years, faithfully discharging his duties, and has gained the good will and respect of all, by his close application to business and his fnir and impartial deal- ings with his fellow-men. W. H. CHANEY. The subject of this sketch was born in Clarke County, Ky., Dec. 25, 1813. His father and mother were natives of that State. His father served as a soldier in the war of 1812. His grandparents came to the State of Missouri in 1822. His grandmother died at the ripe old. age of 105 years, and is buried in Clay County, of this State. She was living in the State of Maryland during the war of the Revolution. She and her husband were among the first settlers of Kentucky, as well as of Mis- souri. Mr. Chaney came to Cooper County, Mo., in 1823. After his parents' death he was bound out as an apprentice to the hatter's trade, to Petter B. Harris, of Howard County, Mo., at which trade he served nine years. He was married in the year 1838 to Miss Eliza Hieronymus, of Howard County, whose parents were natives of Simpson County, Ky. He has seven sons and two daughters living; four sons and two daugh- ters married. He settled in. Pettis County in 1838, and entered eighty acres of land at one dollar and a-quarter per acre, forty acres of which is under cultivation, well improved, with good fences and buildings, good water and well stocked. At the time of his coming to Missouri there were only eight houses in the city of Boonville. A great number of Indians were still in the country, and he was well acquainted with young Daniel Boone, who had located in Boone and Howard Counties at a very •early date. He is an old gentleman of intelligence, a popular man in his community, and his long experience here gives him a very high apprecia- tion for the country and people. DR. A. A. DAVIS. Residence at Green Lawn Academy; post-office, Longwood. He is one of the pioneer doctors of Pettis County, and was born in Virginia, on April 11, 1827. His father was a prominent man in Virginia. He moved to Saline County, Mo., in 1839, and there owned a large farm. The sub- HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 843 ject of this sketch came with his father to Missouri, and has since lived in the State. His grandfather was an officer iYi the Revolutionary War; was also in the war of 1812. In 1855-6 he was in Louisville, Ky. He graduated in the spring of 1856 at the Medical College at Louisville, Ky. He then went to. Illinois, where he practiced his profession for a few years; then returned to Missouri and practiced in the northeast part of the State, retiring in 1858 to the old homestead in Saline County. About the year 1860 he moved to Longwood, where he practiced during the war, his field of labor being from the Lamirie to Houstonia, and some five or ten miles around. He has changed locations a. few times, but has been all the time in the county. He was married in 1851 to Miss Mary K. Ward. By this union they have been blessed with five children, three of whom are dead. The two living are: James S., who is now studying medicine, and Minnie L. WILLIAM T. DONE. Lives about ten miles north of Sedalia, owns a splendid farm of 180 acres, formerly owned by J. S. Ritenour, all under a good and substantial rail fence, 140 acres in cultivation, and forty acres of good timber. He has a fine forty-acre field of wheat which promises a rich yield. He has a fine flock of 170 head of sheep, as well as a good line of cattle and horses. Mr. D. is from Indiana, although his parents were natives of Kentucky. He served as a soldier in the late war, having enlisted in the year 1864, at the age of fifteen years, in the Seventieth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, commanded by Col. Merrell, and assigned to Company D, Capt. Tansy, commanding. Was with Sherman's army on its march to the Sea, passing through Atlanta down to Savannah, Columbia, S. C, through Virginia, and continued with his regiment until mustered out. He was married in the year 1878, and has one child, Georgiana, born July 30, 1880. His wife is the daughter of Mrs. Emily A. Smith, who was born in the State of New York in 1830. Mrs. Smith's parents were natives of the same State*. Her father died at the age of fifty years, and her mother at the age of seventy-seven. Mrs. S. removed to the State of Illinois in 1855, and was married the following year to Mr. J. B. Smith, and is mother of four daughters, all of whom are dead except Mrs. Done, with whom she now resides. They emigrated to Kansas in the year 1859, and her husband died May 15, 1 868. She is a lady of high culture, of genial temperament, and a lady of much taste and refinement. DAVID DULY. Farmer. Post-office, Hughesville. The subject of this sketch is a native of the Banner State, Ohio, and was born in 1845, and when he was about six years of age ,-moved with his parents to Allen County, Ind., 844 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. where he was developed to' manhood. He was married in 1870, to Miss Rebecca Stirlen, daughter of W. C. Stirlen, a prominent farmer of this county, who died Jan. 14, 1882. This union has been blessed with two children, one boy and one girl, Elizabeth and David. In 1872 he emigra- ted to Missouri, locating in St. Charles county, where he remained one year, then moved to his present location, where he owns a fine farm of 185 acres of fine land, and good improvements on the same. He is a much honored and esteemed citizen. NATHAN V. GORRELL. Farmer and stock dealer. Post-office, Thornleigh. He is one of Pettis County's noble citizens, and was born in Todd County, Kentucky, in 1848, and when he was about four years of age he moved with his parents to Pettis County, Mo., where he has since lived. He was married Novem- ber 28, 1872. This union has blessed them with one child. His sister has one child, named Van Sterling, born March 26, 1880. In 1879 he moved to his present location where he owns a fine farm of 120 acres, and has one of the deepest wells in the county, which is 243 feet deep. The subject of this sketch is a son of Captain J. B. Gorrell, who was one of the leading citizens of Pettis County in his day, and who was born Feb. 14, 1815, in Todd County, Kentucky. He was there educated and developed to manhood. He was married in his native county in 1837 to Miss Mary H. Tebb. She was a native of Vir- ginia. This union was blessed with eleven children, two now dead, Ben- jamin and Jennie. The nine living are as follows: William, James T., Nancy E., John B., Nathan V., Abraham H., Jacob H., Joseph B. and Susan F. In 1852 Mr. Gorrell came to Pettis County, Mo., and in 1855 moved to the old homestead, where he and his faithful wife spent their, days. He then bought 350 acres of fine land, all of which he left in a good state of cultivation. When our country was involved in war he offered his service, and was elected Captain of Militia, and in which capacity he did good service. His wife was called to her long home April 20, 1880, and soon after he was called to his long home, Sept. 13, 1881. T. T. GORRELL. Farmer and stock dealer; post-office, Thornleigh. One of the enter- prising business men of Pettis County is Mr. Gorrell, who was born Feb. 15, 1818, in Todd County, Kentucky. He was there educated and grew to manhood. He was married in his native county in 1837 to Miss Sarah E. Miller, and this union has blessed them with ten children: Clay R., William, Renenom, Charles, Taylor, Annie Nancy, Mary F., George A., Mandy B. and Pernal H. In 1852 he came to Pettis County, Mo., HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 845. and settled on what was, at that time, wild prairie, with quite limited means, but through his good habits and continued industry, he has become one of Pettis County's honored citizens. He now owns a fine farm of 640 acres, as fine land as there is in Pettis County and in first class trim. He is a worthy member of the M. E. Church, and is one of its liberal contributors and supporters. DANIEL M. GRAY. Was born in Middlesex County, Ontario, Jan. 27, 1838. His father, John Gray, was a native of Scotland, born near Inverness, and who moved to Canada in 1819, and is still living in Middlesex County, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. His mother, whose maiden name was Jeannette McCall, was also a native of Scotland, born in 1796, at Inverness ; she died in 1879. Daniel remained in his native county until he was fourteen years of age, when he started out in the world to make a home for him- self, coming to Port Huron, Michigan, where he learned the blacksmith trade. In the fall of 1855 he came to Iowa, settling in Decorah, Winne- shiek County, where he worked at his trade for three years, when he came to Missouri, stopping in La Plata, Macon County, until the spring of 1859, when he made an extended tour of the State, finally stopping at Longwood, where he worked at his trade until 1863. He has since made it his home, with the exception of a few months spent in Illinois, and a year or two in Texas, where he traded extensively in cattle. He engaged in manufacturing and shipping tobacco at Longwood, sending it to Texas and other parts of the country, realizing handsome profits. He was mar- ried April 27, 1864, to Miss F. M. Martin, of Pettis County, Mo., a daughter of Hon. Thompson G. Martin, of Virginia. They have five > children, viz: Addie J., born Feb. 22, 1865; Sidney T., born Jan. 18, 1867; John W., born Feb. 27, 1869; Martin Porter, born April 30, 1872, and Mary, born March 27, 1875. Mr. Gray is a member.of the A. F. & A. M. order, and also of the I. O. O. F. He is at present Secretary of the former, and N. G. of the latter. He is an enterprising, progressive farmer, and as pleasant and agreeable a gentleman as one would wish to meet. B. L. GREER. Farmer, section 25. Among the many pioneers of Pettis County, none is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this brief sketch, who was born May 4, 1822, in Franklin County, Virginia, and when he tvas about sixteen years of age he emigrated with his brother to Pettis County, Mo., 1838, where the subject of this sketch remained until 1841; he' then returned to Franklin County, Va., and returned to Missouri in 1842, and was married in St. Charles County, Mo,, April 15, 1842, to 41 846 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. Miss Lucy Pasley. She is a native of Franklin County, Va., and a lady who devotes her time to make home happy. This union has blessed them with eight children, all of whom are now living, and whose names are as follows: J. R., Betsy B., now Mrs. R. J. Bradley; John T., now in Sedalia; Berry, Daniel G., now in Mexico; Lucy M., now Mrs. C. Goodsby; Rodes D. and William, now at home. Mr. Greer entered part of his land, 280 acres, in 1844, and has lived on it since 1861. Mr. Greer has seen many changes come and go to Pettis County, but he has always kept pace with its progress. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and has been for some years among its liberal contributors and supporters. JOHlS T W. GREER. The subject of this sketch was born in 1830 in Franklin County, Va., of which State his parents were natives. His father died at the age of eighty-five years, and his mother at the age of eighty-three years. Mri Greer was married in March, 1869, to Miss E. M. Head, whose father was a native of Virginia and mother a native of Missouri. She has one sister living in Pettis County. They have one son and five daughters, viz.: Ida J., born April 29, 1870; Claude, born Sept. 4,1871; Pearl Lelia, born Sept. 12, 1872; Katie, born Sept. 22, 1874; Oliver, born Feb. 1, 1878, and Jane born March 13, 1880. He owns a fine farm twelve miles north of Sedalia, consisting of 136 acres, admirably improved, with good fences, buildings, and well watered, grows from forty to fifty acres of corn, as well as wheat, oats and rye. Feeds from 200- to 300 sheep, 150 head of cattle, and from forty to fifty head of hogs, and is continually buying and selling stock of allkinds; has a good line of horses and mules, led by the famous Jack, " Joe Marshall." He is a discreet and successful farmer and stock dealer, and is rendering invaluable service to the live „ stock industry of the community, and a gentleman of good business sense, liberal views and an influential man. A. J. HARVEY. Post-office, Thornleigh. Farmer and stock dealer and one of the enter- prising business men of Pettis County. Was born in the year 1835, in Saline County, Mo., and when he was about eighteen years of age he came to Pettis County, where he has since lived. He then located on his present farm, which consists of 240 acres of fine land with first class buildings. He is a member of the Methodist Church, South, and is a faithful member. He was married in April, 1863, to Miss Nancy J. Gorrell. This union was blessed with four children, all of whom are now living, viz.: Mary J. F., Sylvester E., Arthur W., Seluda V. It may "be said of Mr. Harvey ,-that he is one of the leading men of his township. HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 847 • WILLIAM HOFFMAN. The subject of this sketch was born in the State of Tennessee, and emigrated to Pettis County, Mo., in the year of 1858. His father is a native of Virginia, and his mother of Tennessee, both of whom are still living, although quite aged, his father being seventy-eight and his mother seventy-four. Mr. H. on arriving in the State identified himself with the teachers of the county, and zealously engaged in that profession in Heath's Creek. Township, meriting the highest praise and commendations of his patrons. He continued teaching until the war' came on, when he donned the suit of gray, and was regularly mustered into the service as a fully equipped Confederate soldier, and faithfully discharged the duties of such, with a consciousness of the justness of the cause, until the close of the war. After his return, he again engaged in teaching until the year 1 875, when he entered upon the duties of clerk in the mercantile establishment of S. B. Sale of Longwood, Pettis County, Mo., in which capacity he continued until Jan. 1, 1882, when he was accorded an interest in the business under the present firm name of Sale & Hoffman, the senior member of which, Mr. Isaac Sale, is now a resident of St. Louis. They have a first class custom and a large stock of goods, consisting of dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, hardware, queensware, tin- ware, clocks, saddlery, notions, &c, all of which are carefully arranged in the very best of order, and present a neat and tidy appearance in every respect. Mr. H. was married in 1869 to Miss Sallie L. Martin, who is a native of Virginia ; her mother, aged about seventy years, residing with her. Mr. H. is a man of high culture and first class business capacity, ener- getic and .ambitious, of unbounded generosity, one of the leading influential men of the community, standing high in the respect and esteem of all who know him. CHARLES O. JONES. The subject of this sketch was born in Henry County, Ky., March 9, 1814. His parents were natives of Virginia. His father died at an early age; but his mother lived to the ripe old age of seventy years. He was married in Kentucky in the year 1839 to Sarah Bacon, whose parents were both natives of Virginia. He has two sons and one daughter, all grown and living in Pettis County. He emigrated to this county in 1845 and settled on the farm owned by Nathan Nubles, consisting of 144 acres, well improved, with good hedge and rail fences, good building, well watered by " Green's Branch" running through it, and in a good state of cultivation, grows wheat, corn and oats, and handles a good line of cattle, hogs, horses and mules. Mr. J. is a consistent member of the Christian Church, with which church he has been connected for a number of years as a leading and useful member of great popularity ; is a gentleman of gen- 848 HISTORY OF LONG WOOD TOWNSHIP. erous culture, large heart, boundless public spirit, and a social nature that has always and everywhere made him "a prince among men." J. R. KEMP. Born Oct. 13, 1839, on the farm which his father entered in Longwood Township, Pettis County, Mo., about the year 1834, ten miles north of Sedalia, on the Sedalia and Arrow Rock road. His father and mother were natives of Franklin County, Ky. His mother died Dec. 20, 1858, aged fifty-nine, and his father died Aug. 13, 1868, aged seventy-four years. They were both buried in the family graveyard on the old place. Mr. Kemp was married in July, 1863, to Miss Susan Phillips, whose par- ents resided in Saline County, Mo. Her parents were natives of Green County, Ky. Mr. and Mrs. Kemp have four children, two sons and two daughters: Mary Lee, born May 24, 1864; Austin M., born Sept. 19, 1866; Laura A., born Sept. 1, 1870; and Pearly E., born Aug. 16, 1S76. He has a fine farm of 130 acres, 120 acres under fence, in a good state of cultivation, and fine pasture; ten acres of good timber; well improved with fences and buildings, with fine, thrifty young orchard of apple and peach trees; grows from thirty to forty acres of corn, twenty to thirty acres of wheat, and keeps a good supply of stock continually on hands. He is a man of close application, liberal intelligence and first-class manag- ing ability. • WILLIAM LOWRY. Stock-raiser and farmer. Prominent among many enterprising citizens of this county should be mentioned the name of the subject of this brief sketch, who is a native of Virginia; was born in Prince William County, on the 3d of November, 1814. His father, Joseph Lowry, was also a native of that State. His paternal grandfather, George Lowry, was 'born in Castle Lowry, Ireland, and was a member of one of the old feudal fam- ilies of that age. In 1818 Mr. Joseph Lowry, the father of our subject, moved to the southern part of Kentucky, where he made his home many years. When our subject attained his fifteenth year, he engaged in river life on the Mississippi, and was for many years captain, actively engaged in trad- ing in Western products in Southern cities and towns. In 1852 he located at Louisville, Ky., and engaged in the manufacture of tobacco, and soon became the largest manufacturer of that staple in the Southwest. During five years in that business he accumulated a profit amounting to $100,000, when his factory was destroyed by fire in 1858. He then con- ceived an idea of coming to Missouri to retrieve his losses, and in 1858 he came to Pettis County, bringing with him a family of forty slaves and $45,000 in money. He purchased a large tract of land and continued to make extensive improvements until 1863, when, owing to the disturbed HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 849 state of business, he conceived the idea of an extensive trade in produce and freighting in the Rocky Mountains, in which he was engaged about four years. Since then Mr. Lowry has given his entire attention to the pursuits of an extensive stock and farming business, and has built up an immense industry in this line. He has been closely identified with the development of the county, and has done much in supporting all enter- prises that would enhance the welfare of its people. He was one of the active workers in securing railroad facilities to the people of this district, and was among the first and most persistent workers for the roads. He always took an active part in encouraging emigration, and has been the means of bringing many good citizens to the county. Politically he is a Greenbacker, and an able advocate of its true principles, frequently nomi- nated by that party for high offices. He was married in 1838, in Coving- ton, Ky., to Miss E. Hardin, a native of that State. She is the daughter of Jacob Hardin, one of the founders of Covington. They have raised eight children : John J.; Elizabeth H., now Mrs. W. S. DeardofF, of this county; William; Jeanette, wife of J. B. Mockabee; Anna Belle; Clayton F.; Allie, wife of Dr. O. A. Jones, and Jefferson D. They lost two in infancy. Mr. Lowry and sons are now conducting a large stock business. Their farm consists of upwards of 1,000 acres, and is well improved, with large comfortable dwelling, commodious barns and sheds, six wells of never failing water, two windmills, steam engine, and in fact everything bespeaks the man of enterprise and industry. For a detailed description of his business operations and farm, see sketch in Chapter XII, page 366. Mr. Lowry is a man virtually self-made and self-educated, a man of great financial ability, strong intellect, a deep and profound thinker, and an extraordinary business capacity. The whole course of. his life has been turned in one channel — the pursuits of legitimate and honorable trade. He has accomplished much, and it can be truthfully said that no man in Pettis County is held in higher esteem by honorable people than the sub- ject of this sketch. J. W. MARSHALL. Post-office, Hughesville. Farmer and stock raiser. The subject of this sketch is a native of Nelson County, Ky. He was there educated and raised to majority. His father, Joseph B., was a native of Kentucky, and a prominent farmer in that State. The subject of this sketch came to Pettis County, Mo., in 1869, and in 1871 he bought his present farm of 120 acres of first-class land. In 1881 he gave two acres of land to build the M. E. Church, which was erected in the same year. ' He is a. devoted member of the same. He now deals in cattle and sheep mostly. He goes southwest and purchases stock and brings them to the county and sells them to men who feed stock. 850 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. WINSTON McCLURE. Stock dealer and feeder. Hughesville. Prominent among the many enterprising citizens of Pettis County who have won a reputation for integrity of character and business capacity should be mentioned the name of W. McClure and sons, who are among the largest and most exten- sive stock feeders and dealers in the county. The subject of this sketch, W. McClure, is a native of Rockbridge County, Va.; was born near Lex- ington, on the 16th day of June, 1818. There his early days were spent until he attained his 17th year, when he went to Ross County, Ohio, locating near Chillicothe. From there he went to New Orleans, La., and thence to Oldham County, Ky., where he was married in 1840 to Miss Lucinda Bohanan', a daughter of Rev. Abraham Bohanan, an eminent minister of that county. In 1841 he came to Missouri, locating in St. Louis County with his young wife, where he remained a few years, when he moved to Montgomery County, and was there largely engaged in farming and stock trading for several years. He was at that time the leading stock dealer in Northern Missouri. During the late civil war he suffered the loss of a large amount of property and means. Since then has been doing business in Cooper and Saline Counties, and in 1876 he came to Pettis County. Since coming to the county Mr. McClure has brought about a great change in the stock interests here. He has done a business of great magnitude which ranked among the most extensive stock trades in Western Missouri. During those seasons he has fed from five hundred to seven hundred head of beef cattle, as well as dealing exten- sively in mules and horses. During the past year he has employed about one thousand acres of corn and blue grass pasture, a good portion of which has been cultivated by himself and sons. Their sales for the present season will aggregate upwards of $55,000, which is in striking contrast with the stock business of this locality at the commencement of the past decade. He is associated with his three enterprising sons, John, D. W. and Ben F., all of whom inherit their father's sound business judg- ment and stirring disposition. Although quite advanced in years, Mr. McClure is still actively engaged in the duties of his business. And it can be truthfully said that no citizen of Pettis County is held in higher estima- tion as a business man and citizen for his many sterling qualities. He is closely identified with the interests of the county, and has done much for the advancement of its business interests. He is now located on a farm adjoining the town of Hughesville, where can be seen a part of his large herds. His home is well appointed, and is among the most comfortable in his locality. Surrounded by commodious barns, extensive feed lots and pastures; and in fact, everything about his place is indicative of the man of enterprise and industry. HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 851 Robert b. Mccormick. Was born in Warren County, 111., in the year 1853, his parents being natives of Pennsylvania. His father is still living in the State of Illinois, and is about sixty-eight years of age. His mother died Feb. 21, 1882, at the age of sixty-two years. His father's family consisted of six children, four sons and two daughters, one of the sons living in Iowa, and the rest in Illinois, except the subject of this sketch, who was married, Oct. 1, 1878, in Logan County, Ohio, to Miss Mary J. Bower, whose mother was born, Dec. 13, 1822, and is still living in Ohio. He has one daughter, Maida M. L., born, July 8, 1879. He settled in Pettis County, Mo., during the year of 1881, ten miles north of Sedalia, on a fine farm of eighty-two acres, all of which is under fence, sixty acres in cultivation and twenty acres of good timber. Good fences and good buildings, first class out buildings and a magnificent cellar, which he has made there since his coming to the place, has a fine orchard, and is one of our most enterprising young men of the county, a man of candor, manliness, strong sense and high mental gifts, and is in the best sense an acquisition to the county, of which he speaks in the highest praise. He is a devout member of the Baptist Church, and his wife is an exemplary member of the Christian Church, both being highly esteemed for their piety and unlimited charity. REV. JOHN MONTGOMERY. Was born in Danville, Boyle County, Kentucky, in the year 1810. His father was a native of Maryland, and his mother of England. His father died at the age of forty-five, and his mother, at the age of sixty-six years. In the family there were three sons and four daughters, all of whom are dead, except the subject of this sketch. Mr. M. was married at Frank- fort, Ky., in the year 1844, to Miss Kate Rennick, who was the daughter of Col. Alex* Rennick. Her grandmother was the first white child that was born in the State of Kentucky, at Harrod's Station, where the first settlement was made; her name being McAfee, and was the wife of Willis A . Lee, of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. M. have a family of . nine children, four sons and five daughters, all of whom are now grown, one being married. He emigrated to Pettis County, Mo., in the year 1857, and located thirteen miles north of Sedalia, on a farm formerly owned by Mr.L. Baker, near what is known as the Independence and Boonville trail. He owns two hundred and thirty acres of fine land, one hundred and ninety of which is under fence and in cultivation, forty acres of timber, well watered by a magnificent spring, two good wells, and Heath's Creek running through the northern part. Has a good orchard of apple, peach, pear and plum trees, the pear trees bearing a crop for twenty-five years in succession. He grows from seventy to eighty acres of corn, the balance of his farm devoted to small grain, timothy and clover. His farm is well 852 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. fenced with rails, and is 'divided into fields of twenty acres. He handles quite a number of cattle and hogs. He disposes of thirty to forty head of cattle every year, all of his own raising, having brought a good line of breeding cows- with him from the State of Kentucky. Mr. M. was edu- cated at Center College, in Danville, Ky., and pursued the study of theology, at Princeton, New Jersey. He entered upon his pastoral work at Har- rodsburg, Ky., where he remained for twenty years, when he was called to Missouri. Pie was the first Old School Presbyterian minister in the county, and organized every church in the county belonging to that denomination. During the war he was President of Westminster Col- lege, located at Fulton, in Callaway County, Mo. He has been an active, working minister, of generous culture and fine ability, and although he has retired from active duties, yet continues to preach, as occasion demands. He is a live, progressive man, has a well stored mind, broad views, genial nature and always and everywhere is a polished and affable gentleman. GEORGE S. PRIEST. Farmer; post-office, Thornleigh. He is one of the old settlers of Pet- tis County, coming here in 1838, and locating where he now resides. He was born June 25, 1803, in Bourbon County, Ky., and when quite small he moved to Logan County, Ky., where he was educated and grew to manhood. He was married in 1823 to Miss Elizabeth Rush. By this union they have ten children, nine of whom are now living. When Mr. Priest came to Pettis County he was a poor man, but by his industry and good management, he now owns a fine farm of 1,000 acres of as good land as there is in the county. WILLIAM RICKS. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Thornleigh. He is one of the successful farmers of Pettis County, and a native of Nelson County, Ky. Was born October,' 1 1828. His father's name was William, and his mother's Susan. His father died when he was quite young, and in 1841, the subject of this sketch, in company with his mother, came to Pettis County, Mo. In 1848 Mr. Ricks went to Mexico, returning the same year; then went to California, where he was engaged in mining until P854, at which time he returned to Pettis County and purchased a piece of land, on which he now resides. His mother has lived with him since his return, until her death. She was a worthy member of the M. E. Church, South. Mr. Ricks was married in 1855, to Miss Mary J. Harvey. By this union they have been blessed with fourteen children. Two are dead: Susan B., aged about sixteen years, and Herbert, aged nine months. The names of the twelve living are as follows: Marion T., HISTORY OF LONG WOOD TOWNSHIP. 853 Dewitt M., James L. M., Henry Mi, Lulu, Selinda.E., William H., Emmet Lee, John V., Joseph C, May and Clara. Mr. Ricks now owns a fine farm of 250 acres of prairie land, well improved, and he is one of the successful farmers of. this township. He is a member of the M. E. Church, South. REINHART SLGEMER. Was born in Germany, July 31, 1832. Came to Pettis County, Mo., in the year 1858, and is now residing in the town of Longwood. He is a. thorough mechanic, and a first-class workman in wood, being one of the foremost builders in this region. His jobbing operations cover some of the finest structures in the town and country. He keeps constantly on hand a good stock of undertaker's goods, which are the products of his own skill and manufacture. He also does fine work in the line of furni- ture, and is steadily, but surely, building up a substantial and self-sus- taining trade. He has an extensive supply of tools adapted to all kinds of the finest work of mechanism, and is kept constantly busy by the many •calls for work from the people of the community. He was married in Louisville, Ky., and has a family of six children, two sons and four daughters. Mr. S. is a useful man, and highly respected by all who know him. B. F. THORNTON. Farmer; post-office, Thornleigh. One of Pettis County's noble sons, and has been from 1868 on the present farm where he now lives. His father was one of the pioneers of this county, arid 'was a much honored and esteemed citizen. The subject of this sketch has seen many changes •come and go to this county, but he has always kept pace with its prog- ress, and now as his reward he owns a fine farm of sixty-five acres. He is a much honored and esteemed citizen. He was married Oct. 5, 1870^ to Miss N. Talbert; she was the daughter of a pioneer preacher of this county. Thjs union has blessed them with four children, Florence M., James M., Susie F., Hiram M. CAP. GEORGE LOWER. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Longwood. One of the enter- prising business men of Pettis County, and no one is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this brief and incomplete sketch. He is a native of Germany, and was born April 10, 1810. He was there edu- cated and grew to manhood. His father was a much honored citizen and very wealthy. Mr. Lower conducted a large manufactory in Ger- many, but when the people rebelled against the Government, he was a rebel and a spy, and for that reason he was compelled to come to America. He was married in 1833, to Miss Mary Augustus, and from this union they 854 HISTORY OF LONGWOOD TOWNSHIP. had two children in Germany, Henry and Charles; he emigrated to America in 1837, landing at New York City; he went from there to Ken- tucky where he lived about seventeen years; Katharine and Nancy were born after he came to Kentucky. His wife died about the year 1840, and he was again married in 1842, to Miss Margaret Host. This union has blessed them with eight children, seven boys and one girl, George, Jacob, Charles, Nathan, Lewis, William, Jesse and Mary. When Mr. Lower landed in Kentucty he did not have a dollar, as he was robbed on the boat* but in all this trouble he rose, step by step, and in 1854 he emigrated to Pettis County, Mo., locating where he now lives; he then purchased 700 acres, and as he got able he bought more land until he owned a farm of 2,000 acres. Then his children began to do for themselves, and he gave them all a good home. He has given his children on an average about 200 acres each. His second wife was called to her long home in the winter of 1865. He was again married in December, 1866, to Miss Mary Deis, and this union was blessed with one child, Lewis. When our country was involved in war Mr. Low^r espoused the cause of the Union and was appointed Captian of militia, but after he did his duty, he resigned his commission and returned to work on the farm. He is a man who always takes pride in doing good for his fellow men. SAMUEL STIRLEN. Farmer and stock-raiser. Post-office, Hughesville. One of the enter- prising, moving men of Longwood township, and who is a son of W. C~ Stirlen, and was a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., and was born in 1824, and died at his home in Pettis County, Mo., January 14, 1882. When he was about six years of age he moved with his parents to Ohio, where he was educated and grew to manhood. He was a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and a worthy member. He was mar- ried in 1845 to Miss Martha Sparman. She is a lady of fine taste and a kind mother and devoted, wife. This union was made happy by twelve children, and all are a credit to their parents. He moved to AJlen County,. Ind., in 1851 ; there he remained until 1872, then he moved to Pettis County,. Missouri, where he bought a fine farm of 400 acres, on whioh he lived until his death. The subject of this sketch is now the one who takes care of the old home, with the assistance of three brothers. HIRAM SWOPE, Post-office, Thornleigh. Born Aug. 14, 1819, in Kentucky. His father* Jesse Swope, came to Missouri in 1819, when Hiram was quite small, and settled in Howard County, subsequently moving to present neighborhood, in Pettis County, in 1822, when the section was called Saline County* dying at his home at a good old age, in 1874. Hiram was brought up HISTORY OF LOINGWOOD TOWNSHIP. 855 when schools were poor and very few; however, he learned some, and writes a fair hand. He married Miss Elizabeth Greer, daughter of Ben- jamin Greer, a farmer. The fruits of this union were seven children, two of whom are dead. Three are married. During the rebellion Mr. Swope served in the State Militia. In his time he was a great hunter, and killed on an average two deer a day. His father usually put up 500 pounds of bear bacon each year. His father, Jesse, killed eleven panthers the first year he settled in Pettis County. In those days the people went to Boonville to mill. At that time there were but five families between Mr. Swope's residence and Boonville. Marlins, Jenkins, Bowles and N. A. Newbill were early settlers. The last named taught school in 1829, in a log hut. Elections were held at the residence of Jesse Swope for several years. Hiram had five boys, Jesse, James, John W., Hiram, M. K. The subject of this sketch was one of eleven children, viz: Sarah, Orpha, Christina, Polly, Rebecca, Meridith, Hiram, Joseph, Milton and Mai. K. Five are living. Milton resides on Blackwater, Grover township, Johnson County* Mo. The subject of this sketch is a farmer who has long been identified with Pettis County. PHILIP" H. WHEELER. "Cedar Avenue," is a superb and magnificent estate of 242 acres owned by Philip H. Wheeler, who was born April 29, 1829, in the State of North Carolina, whose parents were also natives of that State. His father died in the year 1875, aged sixty-nine years, and his mother in 1877, aged seventy-one years. Mr. W. was married in the State of Illinois in the year 1853, to Frances Johnson, whose parents were natives of Ohio. THe}' have five sons and one daughter, all grown and living in Pettis County. Mr. W. came to Pettis County in the year 1855, and settled in Blackwater township, and remained there until a few years since, when he sold out and removed to the above named farm. This fine farm is situ- ated about ten miles north of the city of Sedalia, in the midst of a beau- tiful rolling prairie district, admirably improved, with wells ; ponds, hedge and rail fences, good orchards of apple, peach and pear trees, with quite a quantity of small fruits, and grows 100 acres of corn, 110 acres of wheat and thirty acres of oats; has a good line of horses, mules, cattle, and hogs. This farm, with its forty-acre timber lot is one of the most fertile and productive in this region, and one of the most attractive and valuable estates in this township. Mr. Wheeler is gradually improving and beau- tifying his farm, and is one of the most popular and influential men in his community; is a thriving, earnest, successful farmer, of liberal culture, sound sense, genial temperament, and is a strong, clear-sighted, influential man, highly esteemed by all. 856 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. CHAPTER XV.— HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name — John aud Eobert Heath— Salt Works— Indian Raid — Missing Negro — The First Constitutional Convention in the State — John Heath a Delegate From Franklin County — Organization — Pin Hook — St. Helena — Physical Features — Early Settlers — Churches — Schools — Data — Biographical . Here first those brave and sturdy men, Found nature's welcome awaiting their acceptance. Situated, where by its geographical position, it received the first influx of civilization within the borders of Pettis county on its ample stretches of prairie and within its welcoming arms of timber belts, is Heath's Creek Town- ship. Here first the foot of the present race of settlers pressed the virgin soil, and the gates of the county were opened to the adventerous settlers, and the foundation laid for the present great and prosperous county. Here, sixty-five years ago, the brave and hardy pioneer found a resting place after bis weary journey from the prosperous settlements further east, where he had known comfort and plenty. They came here to brave the wilds of unsubdued nature, and they opened to those that followed the doors of one of the now most prosperous and populous counties in the great State of Missouri. Did they in their wildest flights of imagina- tion ever dream that the country then surrounding them on every side, a wilderness, should in half a century be subdued by the advance of civiliza- tion, and made to pay its tribute to the wants of man? Did they conceive in their highest hopes for their adopted home, that one day it should stand in the front rank of the great commonwealth then only in its infancy, and now but little out of the first bright halcyon of youth? Only a few of those that were here when the foundation stone of the county was laid, are left to tell the story. There were no imposing cere- monies, there were no processions, bands of music, or" grand orations delivered, but simple in the extreme were the rites then enacted, and the result is a building as lasting as time, one which no storms can overthrow and no shock of war demolish; one which will stand a lasting monument to the architects who drew the rqugh plan, but did not survive to see the fulfillment of their toils. In giving a sketch of this township we shall aim to touch upon the most interesting facts accessible. All but one of the oldest settlers have passed away, and he alone remains to tell the story of the early hardships, trials and sacrifices of the winters and summers following the settlement of 1817. There may be some events which have not come into the writer's possession, hence will be left for the historian of another generation. When St. Louis was yet the only city of any importance west of the Mississippi, and almost four years before Missouri had been admitted as a State, in Heaths' Creek township the first families that ever made their HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. ' 857 home in Pettis County settled. Could they have seen the results of this opening wedge, as the only remaining one of those pioneers now sees it, or could they be permitted to return and view the scenes of their former years, would they recognize the places where they were wont to chase the wild game which then abounded, in the now well tilled and well fenced farms, with their beautiful residences, well furnished with the luxuries of life? Would they recognize in the l,27S?inhabitants of the township at pres- ent, many of the faces that they knew in the days when this was a wilderness? A change has come over the scene and the work which they conceived, that of building up a great and populous county, has had a glorious conception. The growth of our western country has been so rapid and so marvel- ous in many respects that little in the histories of other countries has been found to surpass it. What it has taken other nations a thousand years to accomplish, ours has accomplished here in a hundred. Where other nations' cities have been centuries in building, ours has cities that surpass them in wealth and population, that have had their growth in two or three generations ; and to-day we behold the grandest nation on earth, the work of a little more than one century. Wild, uncultivated prairies have been converted into beautiful cities within the space of a single decade, and in the growth of this grand State that rears her head aloft with pride and bids fair in a few years to be the rival of any State in the Union. The people of the county of Pettis need never be ashamed of the part they have taken to make this State what it is destined to become, but on the other hand they must always be aminated with personal pride, and be ever ready to recount to their children and their children's children, the arduous toils and the severe trials which they underwent when building up and developing the resources of this favored spot. All who enjoy the civil and social advantages, and the many blessings of an enlightened and refined community should ever cherish the most profound and sincere gratitude toward those noble pioneers who bore all the toil and braved all the danger that others might reap the fruits. While the early settlers of this township have never been wanting in their efforts to build up the township, so that it might be an ornament to 'the county, it is compli- mentary to their judgment that they made themselves homes which are an ornament to any section. Name. — The township of Heath's Creek derives its name from the principal stream of water flowing through its bounds, that of Heath's Creek. This creek derives its name from the brothers, Robert and John Heath, who in 1809 erected rude salt works at the mouth of the creek,, where it empties into the Lamine River in Cooper County. John Heath was a member of the first Constitutional Convention of Missouri. He was a delegate from Franklin County to the Convention which met in St* ,858 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. Louis on June 12, 1820, and continued in session until July 19, when their labors were concluded and the Constitution signed and adopted. The creeks and their branches were all named by the earliest settlers. Some were named from the settlers themselves, others again were named from some incident that occurred at that time. Cedar Creek was thus named from the large cedar tree which grew at its mouth, near Muddy Creek. Panther Creek was thus named because the first panther killed in this region was taken on that branch. Cold Neck derived its name from the fact that one William Bryant, an early settler of this country, while hunting a bear at this place became very cold and remarked to a companion that it was a "cold neck." Muddy Creek is said to have received its name frum the following incident: Hiram Jenkins and John Heath, while on a hunting expedition, camped near what is now known as Farmer's City Ford, on a little island. During the night there came up a heavy rain, and in the morning they foimd that their horses were gone. They hung up their blankets and went in search of their horses, when they returned they found the island submerged in water. The remark was made that "this is muddy", and the creek has since and from that incident retained the name Muddy. Organization. — Heath's Creek Township is'one of the oldest organi- zations of townships in* Pettis County. It originally embraced its own present limits and also that of Longwood and part of Bowling Green, and continued by this name until 1844, when the townships were re-aranged, and Bowling Green was cut down and Heath's Creek given the northeastern part of the county, which contained the northern part of Longwood and its own township. In this shape it continued until 1873. (See page 244 in county organization). In that year the county adopted the township organization, and Heath's Creek still retained the northeast- ern portion, but was separated from Longwood, and as it is now organized, it is nine miles north and south by six east and west, and contains there- 1 fore fifty-four sections of land or 34,560 acres of land. It is bounded on the north by Saline County, on the east by Cooper County, on the south by Bowling Green township, and on the west by Longwood township. It is one of the four largest townships in Pettis County, and a large part of its surface is tillable, while large tracts of timber follow the water courses. Configuration. — The township surface is diversified with rolling prairie and heavy timber. The township is more abundantly supplied with water courses than any other in the county. Its largest stream is the Muddy Creek, flowing through the southern portion; the Lamine River touches its eastern border, and makes a detour into the township in section one; Heath's Creek flows across the northern part of the town- HISTORY OF HEATH S CREEK TOWNSHIP. 859 ship, and each of these have their smaller creeks and branches flowing into them from almost all directions. Still, with all of these creeks and streams flowing through it, it has large tracts of as fine farming lands as there is in the State. Nearly all of the branches are fed by springs, and many afford enongh water to supply mills along their banks. There are two salt springs in the township, one in the northeastern section, and the other in the northern part of the townsttip near the Saline County line, on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section twenty-one. The township has no railroad. The wagon roads, except in the hills, are good, and the streams are crossed by substantial iron bridges for the larger ones, and good wooden bridges for the smaller ones. The physical condition of the land makes it quite easy to keep good roads, and these conditions are used to the best advantage. The fences of the town- ship are all good. Rail and substantial board fences predominate. The osage orange hedge plant does well> making a fence that will turn stock in about three years, and this is being cultivated to a considerable extent. Many of the farmers who are cultivating hedge, take great pride in keep- ing it nicely trimmed, and when such is the case, it presents a beautiful appearance. But timber being so plentiful, it is hardly probable that for a number of years yet, the favorite old rail fence will be discarded, The ring of the axe, with its accompanying "thud of the maul and wedge," are sounds tdo pleasant to the ear of the thrifty farmer who has made his home here for years, to be easily superseded. The township has abundant quarries of excellent rock, but these are worked only so far as is needed for the foundations of buildings. Coal, of an excellent quality, has been found in pockets scattered over the township, and at the present time prospecting is being carried on by some of the enterprising citizens, with a view of ascertaining the proba- ble amounts of deposits, the depth, and the probable cost of opening up and working the underlying vein. In the early days, the prairies of the township were annually swept over with the fires. The luxuriant vegetation of the township furnished abundant feed for the yearly fires that swept over its surface for centur- ies before white men kindled their camp fires. Now,' wherever the prairie grass is killed out the blue grass at once springs into existence and pro- duces a beautiful velvety green sward most of the year. Early Settlers .-^In the very early days this country was hunted over by the lovers of the chase, and they were always amply rewarded for their time and exertion. These men first called attention to the fine soil, climate and advantages, and following in their footsteps, in 1817, came the first permanent settlers of Heath's Creek Township and Pettis County. To Hiram Jenkins, John Bowles arid Thomas Marlin belongs 860 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. the honor of being the first permanent settlers of this township and county. The adventurer came west "to grow up with the country," trust- ing only to his strong arm and willing heart to work his way on in the wilderness, and secure for himself and loving wife a home. Here, fifty years ago, the pioneer hunter chased the deer, elk, and other game, where now the broad and cultivated fields are tilled by their descendants. Here, we may see the path worn by the Missourian, in his varied experience in a land, which to him was a land of promise, far in advance of that southern and eastern soil, upon which he had his tempo- rary home ere his effort to adapt himself to new conditions. We may see here the growth which came with knowledge, and the progress which grew upon him with the advancement around him, and how his better side developed. Some have been animated with the impulse to move on, after making themselves a part of the community, and have sought the extreme west, where the subduing hand of civilization had not pene- trated. . • Those who have noted the career of the descendants of those brave, strong men in subduing the wilds, overcoming the obstacles and with- standing the hardships of this county, in early times, can but admit that they are worthy sons of illustrious sires. All the experience of the early pioneers of this township and County go to show that after all happiness is about evenly balanced in this world. They had their privations and hardships, but they had also their own particular joys. If they were poor, they were free from the burden of pride and vanity, unless inherent in their nature ; and exempt, also, from the anxiety and care that always attend the possessions of wealth. The earliest settlers, as we have said, of this township and Pettis County were the three gentlemen previously named and their families. They crossed the Missouri River in February, 1817, and located near the mouth of Heath's Creek, March 1st, the same year. Their place of stop- ping was about three miles from the present Saline County line, and about the same distance from the Cooper County line. Hiram Jenkins had charge of the boat that brought up the metal fixtures belonging to John and Robert Heath for their salt works, located near the mouth of Heath's Creek. They continued to manufacture salt in Cooper County until the the war of 1812, when the Indians made a raid on their works and one of the two negro men there employed escaped to St. Louis and the other was never heard from. The war of 1812 deterred Hiram Jenkins from coming to this section. He had been over the ground two or three times on hunting expeditions, and in that way had become familiar with the beauties and advantages of this country. Hiram Jenkins started from Murfreesborough, Tenn., in October, 1816, and came overland, crossing the HISTORY OF HEATHS CREEK TOWNSHIP. 861 Mississippi River a few miles above the mouth of the Missouri. He being somewhat familiar with the country was the leader of the party. The three families mentioned above all came from Tennessee, and Thomas Marlin's family consisted of eleven persons, Mr. Jenkins' seven, and Bowles' eight. Hiram Jenkins lived here for years and then went back to Tennessee, where he died. Marlin and Bowles both died and are buried in the township. Wm. Anderson came in 1829 from Louisiana. His son Geo. Anderson, recently deceased, owned one of the largest and finest farms in the township, Aaron Jenkins came in 1817 with his father from Tennessee, and is now the oldest living person of the first settlers of Pettis County. He was quite young when he came to Missouri, and a residence of sixty-five years in the genial climate of Missouri has left the old gentlemen at the age of seventy-four years, still hale and hearty, and he is able to oversee his large farm in this township, giving it the benefit of his long experience with the ever changing seasons. He knows per- haps more of Pettis County's history than will ever be produced from the pen of the ablest writer, as he has seen her in her infancy, in her youth, and now, in his declining days, beholds her in the full glory of strong development. Baldwin Jenkins, a brother of the former, came at the same time as the family from Tennessee, but is now dead and buried in the township. James Smily came in 1827 from Kentucky, but has been dead many years. C. H. Hieronymus came to the county from Howard County, in 1826. He is a native of Clark County, Ky., but came to Missouri with his father's family in 1822. Mr. Hieronymus still resides in the township a respected and honored citizen. Sylvester Hall came to the township in 1828 from Kentucky, and has since died and is buried in this township. Henry Raines came in 1828 from North Carolina and resided in the township a number of years, and then removed to Iowa, where he died several years ago. Jesse Swope came to the township in 1826 from Kentucky, lived here a number of years and now lies buried in the township. From this date on the settlers began reaching further west and south, and those who came the next few succeeding years settled in what is now Longwood township, or Bowling Green, and of those but comparatively few remain to tell the story of their struggles and triumphs. Agricultural Interests.— The farming land of this township is unsurpassed in fertility by any in the county. It is that belt of rich, black loam which traverses Saline, Lafayette and the northern part of this county, and from the standpoint of a farmer, cannot be surpassed in the world. Every advantage is offered, soil, water, timber, drainage and coal. And to say that they are each taken advantage of would be but a slight tribute of praise to the thrifty class of. faVmers that inhabit this region. A greater variety of timber grows within the bounds of this 42 862 HISTORY of heath's creek township. township than is found in any other of the county. Hickory, white oak, elm, and many other varieties are found in the forests. The orchards of the township are given careful attention and yield an abundance of the finest fruits. Numerous flocks of sheep dot the hills and valleys of the township, and on the beautiful blue grass pastures are to be seen herds of cattle, as fine as can be found in the county. When the writer drove over the township in the spring of 1882, never was a more beautiful scene pre- sented to his eyes. Great fields of waving wheat greeted the eye on every hand, and broad acres of corn peeped through the ground and gave promise of an abundant yield in the fall. Tht diversified industries of the township are the source of an abundant income to the tillers of the soil. If one crop is short there is enough and to spare of others. J. L. Cartwright has a farm of between 700 and 800 acres of well improved land. He has about 400 head of fine sheep; graded cattle, fine orchard and vine- yard. Aaron Jenkins has 300 acres of well improved land. It is now worked by his son. Peter Hay has 500 acres, mostly finely improved. He has about 400 head of fine sheep. Mrs. George Anderson has 700 acres in a fine farm, nearly all inclosed and well watered and finely improved. It is considered one of the finest of not only the township, but also of Pettis County. It is fully stocked with fine sheep and cattle. Thomas Gregory has 600 acres. He cultivates 200 acres and the rest is principally grass land. He raises a large number of sheep and other stock. Churches. — The churches of the township are five in number. Proba- bly the oldest organization in the township is that of the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church, and this is said to be one of the first congregations organized in the county. The church now goes by the name of Heath's Creek Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and is situated on section thirty- three, township forty-eight, range twenty. It was organized by the mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination about 1831, and the present church was built by John Ridde. . Sometime after its erection, it was dedicated by Rev. Peter Ray. It is a frame structure and was erected at a cost of $900. It is forty by thirty-six feet, with thirteen foot ceiling. The names of the pastors who have preached to the congregation are, James Wear and L. Burns (organizers of the congregation), W. B. Wear, Finis Witherspoon, Jonas Martin, John Jopling. Rev. Arnick, and for the last three years James Martin. The only living one of the original mem-' bers is Aaron Jenkins. Among the early members were Baldwin Jenkins, Thomas Marlin and wife, Thomas Marlin, Jr.,^and wife, Hiram Jenkins, Mrs. Hall, Alfred Brock and wife. The congregation now has sixty mem- bers. It has no Sunday School at present. Wharton Chapel, M." E. Church, South, is located on the northeast corner of the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section thirty- six, township forty-eight, range twenty. The date of its organization is HISTORY OF HEATHS CREEK TOWNSHIP. 863 uncertain, but it is a very old organization. It was built in 1878, by John Thompson, and was dedicated in the fall of 1878, by C. C. Woods. It is a frame building, and was erected at a cost of $1,200, and is forty by twenty-six feet, with eighteen feet ceiling. The pastors have been J. L. D. Blevens, M. Duran, Josiah Godby, W. B. McFarland, L. M. Phillips, A. M. Rader, G. P. Smith, and the present pastor is E. G. Frazier. It was impossible for the compiler of the facts connected with the early history of this church to obtain the names of the original mem- bers of the congregation owing to the church books not dating back to the time of its commencement. The present membership is thirty-four. It has a good Sunday School with an average attendance of thirty-four under the supervision of D. W. Burford. Before the present house of worship was built, the denomination held services in the school house near at hand, and occasionally in the Presbyterian Church. " The Christian Church (formerly the old'Union Church), was organized by four denominations, the M. E. Church, Cumberland Presbyterian, Reformed and M. P. Churches, about thirty years ago. The building is of brick and was erected under the supervision of Mr. C. R. Hieronymus by these four denominations at a cost of about $1,000. The building is forty by thirty in size, with twelve foot ceiling. Among the first pastors of the church were Rev. Allen Wright and Rev. Wilkes. J. B. Wright, Jiles Phillips, Rev. Chappie, R. W. Gentry, Samuel McDaniels have occupied the pulpit of lateryears. The present membership is thirty, and the congregation has no Sunday School connected. During the war there was a large revival conducted by Elder Peter Donan, and one after the war conducted by Elder Robinson. The present officers of the church are T. H. Jenkins' and T. E. Gregory, Deacons; and Oliver Elmore, Clerk. Hopewell Baptist Church. — The organization of the church was effected Aug. 1, 1867, by Elder E. H. Burchfield and E. T. Brown, and the present house of worship is situated twelve miles northeast of Sedalia, and was built in 1868 by Z. J. Thomas. The building was dedicated in 1868 by Elder E. H. Burchfield, and it is a frame structure erected at a cost of $800. The house is 30x50 feet, with twelve foot ceiling, and com- fortably furnished. The names of the pastors so far occupying the pulpit are: E. H. Burchfield, who occupied it for. seven years; J. K. Godby, one year; L. Whipple, one year; W. V. Parsons, one year; J. T. Corwin, two years. The original members of the congregation were: John Wasson, Cyntha Wasson, Eveline Lawhorn, Mary J. Beaman, Ezekiel Greer, Rhoda Greer, Rachel L,. Thomas, S. J. Robison, D. Beaman, Betsy B. Bradley, Moses Greer, Susan Greer and several others. In the proceedings of the Central Baptist Association we find the fol- lowing: 864 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. Being appointed by your body at your last annual meeting, to write a brief history of the Hopewell Baptist Church, located twelve miles north and east from Sedalia, in Pettis County, Mo., submit the following; This church was organized August 1, 1867, by Elder E. H. Burchfield, then Missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, assisted by Elder E. T. Brown, of Sedalia, with eighteen members, fourteen of whom were converts of a meeting that was being conducted by said breth- ren, at the time of the organization. Elder E. H. Burchfield was her first pastor, serving the church the remainder of the years 1867, '68, '69 and '70. Elder J. K. Godby was her second pastor, serving the church one year, 1871, after which Elder E. H. Burchfield served the church during the years of 1872, '73 and '74. During his pastorate the Lord greatly blessed his labors, this church having baptized 103 persons into fellowship of the church. During the year 1875 the church had no pastor. Elder L. W. Whipple was their pastor during the years 1876 and '77. Elder W. V. Parsons is her present pastor. This church has built a good house of worship, and has enjoyed the blessings of God in years that have passed. At present she seems to be cold from some cause or other. Her records show that there has been 108 baptisms ; total number enrolled on her church book, 148; present membership, sixty-six. Brethren, pray for Hopewell, that the joys of the salvation of God may be restored to them. E. H. Burchfield. The church now numbers sixty members, and have a Sunday School of over forty scholars, of which Robert McCormack is Superintendent, and Jessie Pane is Secretary. During Elder Burchfield's ministrations there were one hundred and three persons baptized by him, and during the pas- torate of J. T. Corwin, there have been twenty. When the church was built, it was aided by the Missionaries of the American Baptist Home Mission Society of New York in connection with the Central Baptist Association, now of Sedalia. This church was not a colony of any other, but was instituted under the labors of Elders Burchfield and Brown,, and fourteen of its eighteen members were baptized by Elder Burchfield, and the four others uniting with them by letter. Schools. — The schools of the township are all in good condition, and considerable attention is given to the education of the youth by the patrons of the schools. School No. 1 has a winter term of six months, and was taught in 1881-82 by Miss Minnie Parish. The wages paid was $35 per month. It is a frame' school hpuse. School No. 2 has a four months' term of school, and that of last winter was taught by Miss Ruth Set- tles. District No. 3 has a seven months' school, and the teachers for the present school year have been Miss Ruth Settles and Miss Addie Finley; wages, $35. School District No. 1 has a winter term of six months, and the last term was taught by Miss Liva Parish, of Cooper County; wages paid is $40 per month. They do not support a summer school. School District No. 2 has a four months' school at $35 per month, with Miss Lucy HISTORY OF HEATHS CREEK TOWNSHIP. 865 Noble as teacher. District No. 4 has a six months' term, with Miss Emma Mose as teacher; they pay $4'2.50 per month. District No. 4 has seven months' school, with Miss Parish as teacher, to whom is paid $30. Data. — The first death in the township was that of Robert Ellison, aged by his own account, 109 years. He was grandfather of Aaron Jenkins. The first- marriage in the county occurred in this township. It was Nathanie Newball to Miss Sarah Swope, a daughter of Jesse Swope. The first birth in the county was in the Bowles or Marlin families, it is not certain which. The first court held in the county was held at Judge James Ramey's, and the second at Pin Hook, or as it was more flowingly termed, St. Helena. GEORGE ANDERSON, {Deceased?) Post-office, Longwood. Was the son of William Anderson, of Louisi- ana. The son, George Anderson, was born in the State of Louisiana, but when quite young he was brought with his father's family to Missouri, settling in Pettis County, where he was reared to manhood, and lived until his death. He received his education from the schools of Pettis Count}', and after he was grown he engaged in farming, raising and trading in stock, which business he followed until his death. Mr. Ander- son was married to Miss Mary J. Marr, Oct. 30, 1845, she being a native of Saline County, Mo., and a daughter of Thomas Marr, a native of Tennessee, but who also moved to Missouri at an early day, and settled in Saline County, but afterwards moved to Lafayette County, Mo., where he lived until his death. There were born to Mr. Anderson and wife eight children, as follows: Elizabeth, Thomas L., Mary J., Lena B., Lillie, William, Samuel B., and George W. The children are all living at home with the mother, excepting Mary J., who is married to Mr. Nicholas Scott, and lives in the neighborhood. Mr. Anderson's life was one of untiring industry and activity, and although endowed by nature with extraordinary will and strength, his health at length gave way under the severe tax of mind and body, exacted by his varied interests, and at his residence in the northern part of Pettis County, on the sixteenth day of March, 1880, his active and useful life was brought to a close. At his death he was owner of large landed estates in what is known as Heath's Creek neighborhood. The home farm is a magnificent estate of 740 acres, and without a single exception is the finest improved farm in Heath's Creek township. The dwelling is a tine, large frame, surrounded with a beautiful lawn, and neat fields. There are barns and other outbuildings to correspond with the estate. DR. JOSEPH L. CARTWRIGHT. Post-office, Longwood. One of the most prosperous and influential 866 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. citizens of northern Pettis County is the subject of this sketch, Joseph L. Cartwright. He is a son of James A. Cartwright, who was a native of Clay County, Ky., and a Major in the war of 1812. He was a lawyer by profession, and for many years practiced at Winchester, Clark County, Ky. He died in Caldwell County, Ky., October, 1851. His grand- father, Jesenion Cartwright, was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and after peace had been declared between the Mother Country and the colonies, he was appointed Surveyor General, which office he filled for a number of years. An amusing incident the grandfather often told in connection with his services as Surveyor, will bear repeating. For his services as Surveyor he received public lands, and on one occasion, when Gen. Jackson was to pay him a visit, the old gentleman made ready to receive his distinguished guest by preparing a sumptuous feast; and, in order to procure the necessaries for the table, the grandfather went to the nearest trading post, and in exchange for one-half barrel of dried apples, one-half barrel of flour and one-half barrel of sugar, he gave 640 acres of his land. This land lies about three miles from Lexington, Ky., and is now known as the Robert Wickliff farm, one of the finest in Ken- tucky. The subject of this sketch was born in Caldwell County, Ky., Oct. 24, 1825, the fifth child, and the oldest son in a family of thirteen children. He received his education in the subscription schools of his native county, completing his literary education at Eddyville, Ky. Dr. Cartwright read medicine four years, and then took a complete course of lectures at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., which institution was then under the presidency of the celebrated Dr. Dudley, of Ken- tucky, the eminent American surgeon. After Dr. Cartwright had com- pleted his course of study, he located for the practice of his profession in Clark County, Ky., where he remained about six years. In the winter of 1854 he emigrated to Missouri, stopping first in St. Louis County, where he remained a few months; and then, in the spring of 1855, he took a boat and sailed up the Missouri River, landing at Kansas City. At that time there were but few houses on the present site of the city. The Doctor stopped at the only tavern in the place. The proprietor being a northern anti-slavery man, refused to keep him because he was accompanied by two slaves. A hospitable liveryman, however, gave him quarters in his stable. Upon the dawn of the next day the doctor started on a two mile and a-half journey to the McGee hotel, where he remained for some days. He then went down to Independence, stopping with Sam Ralston, a southern man; here he remained about two months, when he and Mr. Ralston took an exploring expedition to Kansas, remaining in that section some two or three months. While in Kansas they made a location at the mouth of Ten Mile, on Bull Creek. Here they made some little improvement, such as was required by law, to hold the land as their HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. 867 claim. They then returned to Independence, and Dr. Cartwright made a visit to his old homestead in Kentucky. On his return to Kansas he was denied his claim for the reason of his- being a southern man. He then engaged in the buying and selling of live stock ; also shipped extensively. In the spring of 1858 Dr. Cartwright, in partnership with John S. Jones, freighted Government supplies across the plains. Their first train con- sisted of 156 wagons. This freight was delivered at Camp Floyd, forty miles beyond Salt Lake City. After making the proper distribution of freight, they drove their cattle to California, where they disposed of them. In the year 1859, when the gold excitement had swept over the States, Dr. C. and his partner began freighting to Colorado. When they landed RESIDENCE OP DR. JOSEPH L. CA.RTWRIGHT. at Cherry Creek, the present site of Denver City, the offer was made them that if they would unload their goods and start a trading-house, the citzens of the place would donate seventy-five town lots and five acres of land. This proposition was accepted, and the five acres were used for corraling their cattle. Dr. Cartwright and his partner built the first brick business house in Denver. It was used for a freight and storeroom, was 164x64 feet, had an arch segment roof, and was considered fire-proof. During the" years of 1859-60, the freight business had increased to such proportions that it required 500 wagons to carry on the business. In the spring of 1859 Dr. Cartwright and his partner went to Washnigton City, and there organized the first overland stage company that operated in the 868 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. Western States. The route of this company extended from Leaven- worth, Kan., to Salt Lake City. Gen. Monroe was sent on the first trip with 1,000 men as an escort; and later, a line was established to Denver. Along this entire line were stations, from ten to fifteen miles apart; each station had a house or inn, and a stable. The coaches of the company were drawn by four mules, and an express messenger and driver went with each coach. The coaches were capable of seating nine persons. Along this whole route of 1,200 miles, the coaches passed either way every twelve hours. This line of coaches was run until the war; the freight continuing the same. The whole business of the company was con- ducted on negotiable paper, of from four to six months, and had become of such mammoth proportions that when the war came on it met with, a general collapse. After the business had been suspended, Dr. C. returned to Pettis County, where he remained during the war. In the spring of 1871 the doctor conceived the idea of starting a cattle ranch and dairy in Montana Territory, and for this purpose he bought 800 head of one and two year old heifers of high grade; also thirty head of full blood Ken- tucky heifers, and twenty-one thoroughbred bulls. The fine cattle were shipped to Ogden, forty miles beyond Salt Lake. The 800 head were driven to Eagle Rock Bride, on Smoke River, in Wyoming Territory, a distance of 1,800 miles. This enterprise was afterwards disposed of, and Dr. C. returned to his farm in this county, where he has since engaged in farming and the raising of' stock. He was married April, 1861, to Miss Laura Mitchum, a native of Kentucky. From this union there are five children, viz: Joseph L., Endora, Lee, Clarence and June. The doctor owns one of the finest improved farms in Pettis County, located about thirteen miles north of Sedalia. This estate consists of 1,000 acres, finely improved, having a fine brick residence surrounded with beautiful lawns, and shaded with maple, oak, walnut and other forest trees. There are ample barns and other out- buildings. There is on this farm about four miles of board fence, principally made from walnut lumber. The other fencing is in keeping with the estate. There is cultivated on this estate about 300 acres of corn and about 150 acres of wheat; the remaining lands being devoted to meadows and pastures. He has in his pastures about fifty head of brood cows and about 150 head of cattle. He also has about 400 head of full blood South downs. On this estate there is an orchard of fort}' acres and a vineyard of two acres. Dr. Cartwright is a man of fine business qualifications, and no man in Pettis County occupies a higher position for energy, enterprise, public spirit, integrity and business recti- tude, than Dr. Joseph L. Cartwright. His home is the abode of hospi- tality, a view of which appears herewith. HISTORY OF HEATHS CREEK TOWNSHIP. 869 ABNER CLOPTON. Mr. Clopton is a native of New Kent, Va., son of Abner Clopton, Sr. He' was born July 4, 1808. ' Abner Clopton, Sr., removed to Kentucky in 1810, settling near Winchester, where he lived four years, and then he removed to Madison, near Richmond, where he lived until the fall of 1834, when he emigrated to Missouri. He remained in Boone County till the next spring, when he removed to Pettis County, settling in the northeastern portion, where he died Aug. 1, 1863, at the advanced age of eighty-five years. 'Abner Clopton, Jr., is the third child in a fam- ily of six. "His advantages for an education were those of pioneer days, in a school house with puncheon floor, log seats and a log cut out for a window. He came to Missouri in 1834, and with his father came to Pet- tis County in the spring of 1835, where he has lived forty-seven years. The father and son entered about 700 acres, which they fenced and improved. The son afterwards purchased about 800 acres, which he mostly improved. He was married Dec. 22, 1836, to Miss Margaret Fristoe, a native of Virginia, and daughter of Amos Fristoe, who removed from Virginia in 1828, settling first in Howard County, Mo., where he remained four years; then removed to Pettis County, where he lived till his death. Mr. and Mrs. Clopton's family consisted of eighteen children, seven of whom are now living: Geo. W., John R., Fannie L., Charles E., Rolla M., Mildred A. and Willie. Since Mr. Clopton has been a res- ident of Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and raising stock- He has divided his extensive farm with his children, retaining his well improved farm of 212 acres. His grandfather, Wm. Clopton, was a native of Virginia, and a soldier of the American Revolution. He died Jan. 1, 1781. BENJAMIN F. DeWITT. Is the son of Larkin DeWitt, who was a native of New York, but who moved to Missouri in the year 1818, settling first at Boon- ville, where he remained about eight years, when he moved to Pettis County, settling in Bowling Green Township, where he remained about three years ; then he removed to Green County, where he remained about two years, when he removed to Cooper County, settling on the west line between Cooper and Pettis. Here he lived for about sixteen years, then moved to McDonald County, remaining there until the spring of 1864, when he removed to Pettis County, settling in Heath's Creek Township, where he remained until his death, which occurred Sept. 1, 1873. The subject of this sketch was born in Pettis County, Oct. 2, 1830, and is the fifth child in a family of eight children. His advantages for an edu- cation were somewhat limited, there being but few schools in Pettis County at that time. He remained at home with his father's family until 870 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. his nineteenth year, when he went to California, and was engaged in the mining business, which business he followed for more than five years, when he returned to his Missouri home, settling in Pettis County, where he has since resided. Pie was married March 13, 1856, to Miss Permelia A. Potter, a native of Cooper County, Mo., and a daughter of John Pot- ter, of that county. From this marriage there were ten children, only five of whom are now living, viz: Larkin T., Benjamin F., Calvin J., Joseph A. and Ceva A. Since Mr. DeWitt's return to Pettis he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of- 517 acres, extending to the fertile bottom lands of Muddy Creek. OLIVER ELMORE. Post-office, Longwood. Is another prominent citizen who has only been identified with the interests of Pettis County for a few years. He is the son of John Elmore who was a native of Virginia, but when he was yet a youth his father moved his family to Kentucky, where the father remained until his death, which occurred in the year 1862, he being seventy-two years of age. The subject of this sketch was born in Owen County, Kentucky, Dec. 3, 1825, and is the youngest child in a family of five children, all of whom are yet living. He received his education from the schools of his native county. After completing his education he engaged in farming and afterwards in the trading of mules. Then in the winter of 1871, Mr. E. moved td Missouri, settling first in Saline County, where he remained only a short time, when he removed to Pettis County, settling in the northern part of the county, where he has since resided. Mr. Elmore was married Feb. 2, 1858, to Miss Sallie Payne,, a native of Gallatin County, Ky., and a daughter of Newton and Susan Payne. From this union there are eight children, all of whom are now living, viz: New- ton P., Bettie, John, Emma, Frank, Oliver, Susan and Sallie. Of the children only one, Bettie, is married, she is married to Mr. A. L. Hag- gard of Sedalia, Mo. Since Mr. Elmore's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns one of the finest farms in this section of the county, consisting of 400 acres, well improved, having a fine commodious residence, barns and other out-build- ings. Mr. Elmore has not only the conveniences and comforts of life at his home, but is beautifying the same with many luxuries. Within the last few months he has made himself a large artificial pond, which he has stocked with salmon and other fish. THOMAS E. GREGORY. Post-office, Longwood. Of the older citizens of Heath's Creek Town- ship, none stands higher in the estimation of her citizens than the subject of this sketch, Thomas E. Gregory. He is the son of Peter Gregory, HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. 871 who was a native of Virginia. The grandfather was a soldier in the war of the Revolution and was killed at the battle of Trenton. The subject of this sketeh was born in Boone County, Ky., March 22, 1814, and was the second child in a family of seven children. His advantages for an education were limited, there being but few schools in his native county when he was a boy. After Mr. Gregory had become a nian, he engaged in trading, for a few years, along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Then in the winter of 1848, he emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northeast part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Gregory was married Sept. 12, 1845, to Miss Angeline Pittman, a native of Ky., and a daughter of Williamson Pittman. Mrs. Gregory dying, he was again married June 15, 1849, to Miss Susan Major, of Saline County, a daughter O. T. Major, a native of Franklin Count}', Ky. From this marriage there were eight children, five of whom are now living, viz: Martha L., Joseph E., Nannie S., Mary A. and ^Olivia M. Since Mr. Gregory has been a resident of Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 640 acres, well improved, with a fine residence, ample lawns, barns and other out-buildings. In politics Mr. Gregory is a Democrat, and in religion he and his estimable lady are members of the Christian Church. PETER HAY. Post-office, Longwood. Is the son of Peter Hay, Sr., of Fairfield County, Ohio, a native of Virginia, but who came to Ohio in the year 1802. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in Franklin County, Ohio, Ang. 22, 1828, and is the fifth child in a family of ten children. Mr. Hay received his education from the schools of his native county. He remained at home with his father's family, as long as the father and mother lived. In the spring of 1870, Mr. Hay moved to Missouri, settling in the northern part of Pettis County where he has since resided. He was married Jan. 25, 1860, to Miss Lucretia McCleery, a native of Ohio, and the daughter of James McCleery. From this union there are eight children living, viz: Ida, James, Josephine, Maudie, Peter, Minnie, Harry and Harley. Since Mr. Hay has been a resident of Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and raising of stock. He owns one of the finest farms of this section, situated on the beautiful rolling prairie. This estate consists of 544 acres, well watered with springs. The improvements are good, consisting of a large house, barns and other buildings. Mr. Hay is a man of commendable business, habits and stands well with his neighbors. Mr. Hay has on his farm fifty head of cattle, twenty-seven head of horses and mnles, 275 head of sheep, and other stock in proportion. In politics, Mr. Hay is an Independent. 872 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. EDWARD S. HARTE. Postoffice, Lookout. One of the most enterprising young men of Pettis County is the subject of this sketch, Edward S. Harte. He is the son of Edward Harte, a native of New York, but who had lived in Washington City for a number of years previous to his death, which occurred in the year 1861. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington City, Oct. 22, 1858, and is the youngest child in a family of five children. He received his primary education principally from the common schools of Johnson County, Mo., completing his course of study at the State Normal, at Warrensburg, Mo. Mr. Harte enjoys the untrammelled fetters of a bachelor's life, though he is very popular among his friends, and the society in which he moves. Mr. Harte is engaged in farming, and the raising of stock. The home farm owned by himself and two sisters is a fine homestead, consisting of three hundred and twenty acres, situated on the eastern line of Heath's Creek Township. It is finely improved, having a handsome large residence, beautifully located on a high mound, with ample woodland groves surrounding it. The brother and sisters have other lands to the amount of one hundred and seventy acres. Mr. Harte through his industry, integrity and business qualifications, bids fair to become one of Pettis County's most prominent citizens. DR. J. F. HEDGER. Postoffice, Sedalia. The subject of this sketch is a native of Wood- ford County, Ky., and was born, October, 1837. He studied medicine in six different places. He graduated at Louisville, Kentucky, Medical Col- lege. In 1871 he came to Pettis County and began the practice of his profession. He was married, March 18, 1876, to Miss Victor Priest, and this union has been blessed with two children, James A. and George Priest. In 1874 he moved to his present location, where he owns a fine farm of forty acres with first class buildings. JOHN H. HENDERSON. Born in Buckingham County, Va., Jan. 9, 1805, and is the third in a family of ten children.' John Henderson, his father, was a native of Vir- ginia, who removed to Allen County, Ky., in the year 1833, where he lived till his death, which occurred in a few months after settling in that State. The subject of this sketch received his early education from the schools of his native State. In the fall of 1828 he moved to Kentucky, where he lived about eleven years; then in the spring of 1839 he emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northeastern part of Pettis County, in which neighborhood he has since resided. He was married, June 24, 1832, to Miss Mildred Faulconer, a daughter of James Faulconer, of Kentucky. From this union there were five children, three of whom are living: Emily HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. 873 G., born Sept. 8, 1884; Wm. H., born Nov. 22, 1840; Julia A., born July 13, 1842. Since Mr. Henderson has been a resident of Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and raising stock. He has held different official positions, having been a magistrate of the peace for over fifteen years. He has never aspired to political honors. He owns a fine farm of one hundred and thirty-seven acres, well improved and adapted to the -purposes of farming. In politics he is a Whig from principle, but has voted the Democratic ticket for several years. In religion, Mr. and Mrs. Henderson are members of the Christian Church. CHARLES R. HIERONYMUS. Postoffice, Longwood. One of the few who first came to settle among the wild Indians, and to prepare this garden spot of the west for those who were to come after, is the subject of this sketch. Charles R. Hieronymus. is the son of John Hieronymus, who was a native of Virginia, but who at an early day moved to Kentucky, and about the year 1822 or '23, he moved his family to Missouri, settling in Howard County, where he remained until his death, which occurred about the year 1825. Afterwards, about the year 1826, the mother moved her family to Pettis, then a part of Saline County, which is now known as Heath's Creek neighborhood, where she lived until her death, which occurred, August, 1860. The subject of this sketch was born in Clark County, Ky., Oct. 25, 1810, and is the ninth child in a family of twelve children, all of whom are now dead excepting a brother living near Longwood, and a sister living in Iowa. Mr. Hieronymus' advantages for an education were very poor; there being no schools in this part of the country for years after the family had settled here. On the present site where Mr. H. now lives there was nothing but a wild and unbroken wil- derness of forest and prairie when the mother with her family first settled in this section, fifty-six years ago. The only persons who had up to that time braved the frontier, and erected their cabins, were Hiram Jenkins,, Sylvester Hall, Thos. Marlin, who had come with thejenkin's family from Tennessee, and Ambrose Anderson. These are the first and hardy few who first settled in this part of the county. The Indian trail, which led to their trailing posts at Boonville and Arrow Rock, came in a short distance of the present residence of Mr. H., and on many occasions he remembers of seeing them following in their trail to their trading posts. And fre- quently he has stood in his door yard and shot the wild deer as he bounded by, or loitered on the green hills near by his cabin. All kinds of wild game were plentiful, such as wild deer, elk, bear, wild cats and turkey, etc.. Mr. Hieronymus, who is a mason by occupation, has on several occasions taken trips south to Arkansas and Texas, to work at his trade and see the country. He was married, April 22, 1841, to Miss Susan France, a 874 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. daughter of Henry France, who is at the present time living in Bates County, Missouri; from this marriage there are eight children, viz: John H., Mollie, Sallie, Nancy, Vassie, Frank, Benoni and Elizabeth. Mrs. Hieronymus dying, he was again married to Miss Susan Kemp,, a daughter of Wm. Kemp, of this county; from this union there are seven children, viz: Willie A., Charles, Susan, Eliza, Hopie, Reuben and Kemp. Since Mr. H. has been grown, he has been engaged at farming, and working at his trade. Before the war he raised considerable of stock, such as mules and cattle. His home farm consists of one hundred and seven acres, and he owns other lands to the amount of two hundred acres, and also a forty acre lot adjoining Longwood. AARON JENKINS. The oldest living settler of Pettis County. He is the son of Hiram Jenkins, who was a native of Pennsylvania, but at the first settling of Ten- nessee the father, then nineteen years of age, settled in Tennessee, where he remained until he was about forty-five years of age, when he emi- grated to Missouri, crossing the Mississippi River, a little above the mouth of the Missouri River. He then journeyed up to Arrow Rock, where on account of floating ice in the river he remained in camp from eight to fifteen days, at which time the river freezing, he crossed his family on the ice. After crossing at Arrow Rock, he made his way to the mouth of Heath's Creek where he stopped until spring, then proceeded to what is known as Marlin Branch of the above named cieek, and there settled. Marlin Branch derived its name from Thomas Marlin, one of the pioneers who came from Tennessee with Mr. Jenkins. These three pioneers were Thomas Marlin, John Bolds and Hiram Jenkins. It is said that these were the first settlers within the present bounds of Pettis County. It was in the spring of 1817, long before the county was organ- ized or named. In the year 1808 or 1809, Hiram Jenkins, who was one of the noted "Nimrods" of his day, came to Missouri on a hunting and trading expedition, landing at St. Louis. He bought a lot of salt kettles and freighted them to the mouth of Heath's Creek. The kettles were for John and Robert Heath, who were here engaged in making salt. The Heaths remained here manufacturing salt until about 1811, the Indians then becoming hostile and killed or captured two of their employees. The Heath Bros, then abandoned the salt works and returned to St.»Louis. This was the first manufactory of salt in this whole region of the country. The creek ever after retained the name of these brothers. After Hiram Jenkins had settled oh Marlin Branch, he remained till 1834, when he returnee! to Tennessee. Aaron Jenkins, the subject of this sketch, was born near Murfresborough, Tenn., July 9, 1808, and was brought to Missouri with his father's family in the winter of 1816, and the following HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. £75 spring came within the present bounds of Pettis County. The father, Hiram Jenkins, lived here several years before the land was placed in market, and then entered from the government a good farm. Aaron has made his home on this land from that day to this. Many are the interest- ing incidents and stories Mr. Jenkins relates of the early settlers, their trials, hunting expeditions and toils in their efforts to subdue the, frontier and establish for themselves homes. This was at that time a wild and unbroken forest and prairie, but is now a beautiful and well' cultivated domain of farms provided with all the advantages of modern civilization. The Indians who had been removed by the government westward, often returned on hunting expeditions, and while here invariably gave the set- tlers great annoyance by pilfering and committing other small depreda^ tions. At one time when the Shawnees were in this neighborhood, Hiram Jenkins gave their chief orders not to return; but contrary to instructions the following fall they returned to the neighborhood, whereupon Hiram Jenkins with his sons and a few neighbors went to the Indian camp and treated the chief to a severe whipping with hickory rods. This had its desired effect. The Indians immediately departed and heeded well the instructions of Father Jenkins. The first day of May was by long custom called " Wolf Day," when the settlers collected and divided into two com- panies for the purpose of hunting wolves, and the company which brought home the greatest number of wolf scalps were treated to a supper by the other. The reason they selected the first of May was, that at about this time the old wolves rendezvoused with their young, when, at about the break of day, they would howl as a sign il lor the younger ones to col- lect and hide themselves in some thicket . After Aaron Jenkins had grown to manhood he engaged in farming and raising stock. In the year 1832 he was appointed sheriff and held the office till the next regular election. When this (Pettis) county was about to be set oft" from those north, Mr. Jenkins took an active part in forwarding the project and rode through every settlement, advocating his views. Mr. Jenkins has held several county and governmental positions. He was married Feb. 6, 1836, to Mary J. Fristoe, a daughter of Amos Fristoe, the first clerk of Pettis County. Nine children were reared by this worthy pair, seven of whom are now living, viz.: Susan D., Lucy A., Thomas H., Lydia V., Kate, Richard H. and Annie M. Mrs. J. having died, he was again married in September, 1859, to Mrs. Margaret Solomon, and one child, Sallie E., is still living. Mr. Jenkins has a farm of 300 acres, where he now resides and has lived since March 1, 1836. JAMES S. JENKINS. Post-office, Longwood. Is the son of Baldwin Jenkins, who was a native of Tennessee, but an early settler of Pettis County, locating in that 876 HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. part of the county known as Heath's Creek township, but at that time it was a part of Saline County. Here the father remained until his death, which occurred about fifteen 'years after his locating in this county. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in Pettis County, Feb. 14, 1834, and is the fourth child in a family of six children. He received his education from the common schools of his native county. Mr. Jenkins was married in April, 1858, to Miss Susan Kelley, a native of Kentucky, but who came to Missouri with her father's family when quite young. From this union there are ten children living, viz: Robert B., Rodney, James, Ida, George, Ellen, Charles, William, Nimrod and the baby. Since Mr. Jenkins has been doing business for himself he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 200 acres, well improved, with dwell- ing, a fine new barn and other buildings. He has recently bought a mill which he will soon put in operation. EMMANUEL R. KELLER. Post-office, Lookout. A history of a county would be incomplete were we to confine ourselves strictly to the early citizens and first settlers of the county, for we find that among the influential and thorough business men are those of more recent date. And such a one is the subject of this sketch, Emmanuel R. Keller. He is the son of Daniel and Susanna Keller,, they being natives of Pennsylvania; but when young his father moved to Fayette County, Ohio, where he resides at the present time, at "the advanced age of eight-five; his wife, the mother of Emmanuel, is living with the father at the advanced age of eighty-one. They are living on the old homestead farm the grandfather settled when he first emigrated to Ohio. The subject of this sketch was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, Jan. 4, 1829, and is the fourth child in a family of eleven children. He received a good, liberal education from the schools of his native county, attending two terms of college at the Otterville University of Westerville, Ohio. After Mr. Keller had completed his education he engaged in farming with his father in Ohio, where he remained until the year 1864, when he moved to Kansas, settling at Ft. Riley, remaining there until the spring of 1868, when he moved to Missouri, settling at first in Henry County, where he remained until December of that year, when he moved to Pettis County, settling in the northern part of the county, where he has since resided. He was married Jan. 9, 1851, to Miss Elizabeth Emmick, a native of Virginia. From this union there are nine children liv- ing, viz: Sylvia A., Virgil E., Milton W., Clinton W., Alma E., Luella C, Fannie F., Ollie M. and Lovina. Since Mr. Keller has been a resi- dent of Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising' of stock. He owns a fine farm of 750 acres, well adapted to the purposes of farming and grazing; these lands extend to the rich bottoms of Lamine HISTORY OF HEATH'S CREEK TOWNSHIP. 877 River. In politics Mr. Keller is an Independent, and in religion is a mem- ber of the Christian Church. WM. L. POWELL. William L. Powell is the son of Wm. C. Powell, and a first cousin of the great poet Cowper. The grandfather, Wm. Powell, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and received a wound in the battle of Bunker Hill. The subject of this sketch was born in Wilson County, Tenn., Jan. 7, 1825, and is the fifth child in a family of six children. He received his education in the common subscription schools of this county. When he was but eleven years old, his father emigrated to Missouri, settling in the northeastern part of the county, where he lived until his death, which occurred August 25, 1843. Since the son has been a man (grown he has been engaged in farming and the shipping of stock. He was married Nov. 29, 1849, to Miss Mary J. Tussey, a native of Howard County, Mo., the daughter of Jonathan Tussey. From this union there are ten children, all of whom are now living, viz: Nathaniel R., Richard M., Annie E., James A., Sallie C, Wm. L., John S., Frank B., Ernest B. and Rosie L. The farm on which Mr. Powell resides was settled by Mr. Alfred Brock in the year 1833, and the first frame house built in this part of the county was built on this farm. Mr. Powell has in his possession, as a memento, a gun owned by his grandfather 140 years ago. Mr. Powell owns a farm of 260 acres, well improved, and well adapted for the purpose of farming and grazing. DR. H. C. SPEARS. Post-office, Longwood. Is the son of Geo. C. Spears, of Fayette County, Ky. The grandfather, John Spears, was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War, and was at the surrender of Cornwallis. The subject of this sketch was born in Fayette County, Ky., Feb. 14, 1828, and is the fourth child in a family of six children. He received a primary education from the subscription schools of his native county, and after reading medi- cine about two years he took a course of lectures at Transylvania Medi- cal College, Lexington, Ky., it being the great medical college of the southwest, presided over by that celebrated surgeon, Dr. Dudley, who was a lecturer and instructor at the time young Spears was a pupil. After graduating he located in Mercer County, Ky., where he practiced his profession for three years. In the spring of 1854 the Doctor moved to Missouri, settling in Cass County, where he remained until 1861, when he enlisted in the cause of the South, serving under Gen. Forest arid remain- ing in the service about four years. When the war closed he moved his family to Boyle County, Ky., where he practiced his profession for two 43 878 years. Then in the spring of 1868 the Doctor moved his family to Pettis, settling in the northeastern part of the county, where he has since resided, engaged in the practice of his profession. He was married in May, 1850, to Miss Susan M. Munday, a native of Woodford County, Ky. From this union there are five children, viz: Geo. E., Margaret A., Sarah J., Mary B. and John C. Mrs. Spears dying, he was again married, August, 1 877, to Mrs. Henrietta Aldredge, a native of Missouri. From this union there are two children, viz: Hugh O. and Lee. The Doctor owns a fine farm of 300 acres, well improved, and excellently adapted to the purposes of agriculture and grazing. Dr. Spears is one of the leading physicians in his part of the county. He keeps abreast with the progress of his pro- fession and in his practice is universally popular and very successful. He is a genial, hospitable gentleman. FRANK S. TESCH- Post-office, Lookout. If we were to confine our biographical sketches strictly to the young men of Pettis County, we could do no better than beginn with the subject of this sketch, Frank S. Tesch. He is of German descent, and the son of James G. Tesch, who is a native of Ger- many, but who came to America in the year 1836, and is now a resident of Sedalia, where he has lived most of the time since he came to this county. The subject of this sketch was born Feb. 24, 1261. He received his education from the public schools of Sedalia. He is a single man, and has been engaged in farming his father's farm, which is situated in the northeastern part of Pettis County. This farm has a historical connection, besides being one of the finest farms in Pettis County. At a point on this farm, near the intersection of Pettis and Cooper counties, is the place where it is supposed a large number of Spaniards were massa- cred by the Indians. One thing is true: at a very early day there were erected at this point fortifications, their works being plainly visible at this time. And besides there is a large mound, which has been partly exhumed and the bones of human persons found, other than those belong- ing to the Indian race. To what race of people these belonged can only be conjectured, for the mound and fortifications had all the marks of age when the first hunter and settler came to this part of the country. There might be many pages written describing these ancient landmarks, but we must conclude by saying that the fortifications seem to be ingeniously con- structed on a ridge of high, white sand stone, overlooking an extensive valley along what is now known as Lamine River. Here is a field, wide and extensive, for the historian and scientist, and, strange to say, there are hundreds living on the entensive prairies and along the beautiful water courses of this beautiful country who do not know that such a land- mark exists. There is also on this farm one of the finest springs in Pettis HISTORY OF HEATHS CREEK TOWNSHIP. 879 County, to see which, and drink of its cool waters, is worth a day's ride to anyone. Young Tesch was the first male child born in Sedalia, and we believe the young Queen City of the Prairies can look upon her first born with all the feelings of pride ; for he possesses those traits of character which go to make up the honorable, prosperous business man. MRS. SARAH W. WHARTON. Post-office, Longwood. Is the relict of the Rev. W. Wharton, who was a native of Guilford County, N. C, but who came to Missouri about the year 1837 and settled in Green County, where he lived until the fall of 184:3, when he engaged in the ministry, he being connected with the Methodist Church South, in which work he was engaged until his health failed him. Mrs. Wharton is the daughter of Spencer Clark, of North Carolina, but who moved to Missouri in 1834, and settled near Springfield, in Greene County, where he lived until about the year 1847 or 1848, when he moved to Texas, where he lived until his death which occurred about the year 1870. Mrs. Wharton was educated in the schools of her native county in North Carolina. She was brought to Missouri with her father's family, and lived with them in Greene County until her marriage with the Rev. Warren Wharton, which event took place May 5, 1840. She shared the young minister's struggles through the first year's of his ministerial work, and rejoiced with him in the success which after years had brought. And thus "To love, to bliss, their blended souls were given, And each, too happy, asked no brighter heaven." The Rev. Wharton's life was one of untiring industry ;ind activity in his field of labor, and although nature had given to him strength an buoyancy of life, his health at length gave way and he was forced to give up the work he loved so well, and at Marshfield, in Webster County, on the 12th day of December, 1874, his active and useful life, after a long and gradual decline, was brought to a close. After his death Mrs. Wharton moved to Pettis County, and made her home for about two years with her brother-in-law, D. W. Burford. She has since moved to her farm, where she has made her home with her nephew. The homestead is a fine one, consisting of 275 acres, finely improved, with a fine residence and other buildings. 880 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. CHAPTER XVI.— LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Location — Physical Features — Creeks — Roads — Statistics — Population — Old Settlers — Post-office— Churches — Old Ministers — Teachers—Present Schools — Civic Societies — Cemeteries — Agriculture ana Stock Raising — Biographical. " Here, too, dwells simple truth ; plain innocence ; Unsullied beauty; sound, unbroken youth, Patient of labor,' with a little pleased ; Health ever blooming; unambitious toil; Calm contemplation and poetic ease. " There is no place more delightful than the beautiful country home, adorned as it often is with nature's lovely foliage and surrounded by fruits, shade and flowers. Our longings in a city life are frequently for the quiet home of our childhood; that home where, away from the toil and care of business, surrounded by every comfort that heart could wish, we were wont in early days to spend many idle hours breathing the wholesome, pure and fresh air known only to inhabitants of rural districts. The sky had a brighter hue, the birds had a sweeter song, the cattle had a more mellow low, and the watch-dog a more trusty bark in those halcyon days of yore than at the present time. Then, when our every wish was for the whirlpool of business life, we knew not the happiness by which we were surrounded, and had no conception of the step we were taking, to enter the more active, more exciting and deceiving pleasures of city life. As the pioneers of anj' settlement pass away, posterity begins to feel the need of an accurate record of the early events of their immediate locality. What we shall attempt to relate in the following pages, of Lamonte Town- ship, may be fresh in the memory of the few remaining pioneers, but they will in time pass away to swell the innumerable army of the dead, while these pages remain to tell their story. It may be that much history of the; early settlers is already lost. This, then, we should cherish the more, that other generations coming in our footsteps may profit by the laudable results, and be better able to steer clear of the rocks on the sea of life. In the location and physical features of the township, we shall confine our readers mainly to the surface, soil and rocks, and general trend of the ground. Prospecting for coal has been carried on to some extent in the eastern part of the township, .but the results did not afford sufficient encouragement to justify a great outlay of capital, and only private con- sumption was supplied. The rock is principally sandstone, and a stratum underlies the surface at a distance of about fifteen feet. The soil is a rich black loam, and this township being situated in that extremely fortunate part of Missouri known as the richest belt in the State, the products amount to astonishingly large figures. Water is abundant and of the best quality. Living wells are obtained by going down from twenty-five HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 881 to forty feet, and the township being drained by the Muddy, Walnut Branch, Brushy Creek and South Fork, there is plenty of water for stock. The land is gently undulating, and no place is it low and flat enough to retain moisture for a sufficient length of time to be swampy. Timber is not abundant, although on each side of the streams before mentioned enough grows to supply the home consumption. The vegetable products of the township are such as are common to this latitude of the State. Fruit grows to perfection. Instead of visiting the timbers in the fall, as the early settlers were wont to do in days past, and gathering the abund- ance of wild fruit, now each homestead is surrounded by its own orchards and vineyards, and the products far overbalance the home consumption. Shipments of fruits of all kinds is an industry of this township that cannot be overlooked in any accurately written review of the township. Lamonte Township is bounded on the north by Blackwater Township, on the east by Dresden Township, on the south by Elk Fork Township,, and on the west by Johnson County. It occupies the western central portion of Pettis County. The first settlement of the township was made in 1832, or about one year before the organization of the county, by Mr. and Mrs. R. Craghead. Mr. Craghead was from Bedford county, Ky., and Mrs. C. from Frank- lin County, the same State. Mr. C. came to Callaway County, Mo., in 1819 or 1820 and remained in that county until he was married in 1831, when he emigrated to Pettis County and settled in the southeast corner of Lamonte township, and erected the first house built in the township. This was a primitive affair, having, as all early residences had, logs for the walls and "clap boards" for shingles, and being destitute of the modern innovation of carpets, or even a rough floor. Soon after this first settlement people began coming into the township, and soon neighbors were numer- ous enough to visit, the nearest being twelve or fifteen miles away. For in those pleasant days visiting was indulged in and enjoyed as thoroughly as it is at the present day. The pioneer settlers of the township were Mr. and Mrs. Robert Crag- head, who came in 1832 from Callaway County, Mo. Mr. Craghead died several years ago, and Mrs. C. still resides on the old homestead. They had a family of five children, all of whom were born, raised and married on the original home site. Judge Jesse Pemberton came to the township a few years later, from Kentucky; Mason Pemberton, also from Kentucky, James Kemp, Jefferson Moore, Dr. Thomas Pemberton, Geo. Pemberton, Harrison James, Mr. Hughes, (his wife, Mrs. Jane Hughes, was probably the oldest person living in Lamonte township, being ninety- six years of age); Squire Sharpe, Dr. J. W. Snoddy, J. S. Fleming, from Virginia; Reuben DeHaven, from Virginia; Solomon Sandridge, Wm. Moore, Andrew Carroll, John H. Divers, Wm. Brown, now a mer- 882 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. Chant at Knobnoster, Johnson Coynty, Missouri; Thomas. McKeean, father of the notorious Jack McKeean; John F. Yankee, John W. Allen. James Kemp passed quietly from life at his home, near Lamonte, Pettis County, Mo., on the 14th day of May, 1882, in the eightieth year of his age- He was attacked with paralysis on the loth day of December, 1878, from which he only partially recovered. On the 11th day of February, 1882, he became worse but revived some, until on the night of the 24th of March, from which time he revived only at times, until death came. ' He was born in Franklin County, Virginia, in 1803. He emigrated to Pettis County, Missouri, in 1832. He made a visit to his native State in 1833, and returned with his brother William- and family in 1834. He spent eight years of his life as a public officer. In the year 1843, he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the office of Constable, after which he was elected to the same office. He was elected SherifF in 1847 and again in 1849, serving two terms. He was married to Mrs. Sarah Kemp in 1850. His wife and only son, Thos. W. R., survive him to mourn his loss. He was a good husband and father in the truest sense. He was a father to his step-children and step grandchildren. He was the true friend of those in distress — the friend of the widow and orphan. Yet he never boasted of his dharity. The community in which he lived has lost one of its best neighbors — the county one of its best citizens. He will be sadly missed by many besides his family. From the Sedalia Democrat >oi May 10, 1882, we clip the following notice of Mrs. Hughes' death: "Mrs. Jane 'Hughes, of Lamonte, died Monday afternoon at 4 o'clock. She was ninety-six years old on the 14th of last February, and Was the oldest lady in Pettis County. She has over "60 grandchildren and was the mother of fifteen children, the first wife of Mr. Vincent Terry being one of her daughters. She leaves four children living. Her husband died in 1854." The parties who first entered lands had great difficulty in locating their farm from the fact of imperfect surveys. It was not a pleasant experience to erect a house and afterward find it was located on another's land. This, however, in course of time was remedied and farms began to take definite proportions, improvements to spring up, and the red man and game, with which the country abounded, were gradually forced back and finally dis- appeared until now no traces that this was at one time, and that within the memory of those yet living, a wilderness. The first justice of the peace in the township was Jesse Pemberton. The records of courts of those early days have been destroyed or lost, and no doubt with them are also lost many very interesting historical facts- HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 883 Since then a number of persons have occupied the position, and could our more pretentious courts of similar character now view the simple and perfect justice meted out in early times, it might hasten and simplify the now too tiresome details. The educational interests of the township were looked after at an early date; when neighbors became near enough a suitable person was employed, and schools were held at private houses. The first district school house in the township was erected on the farm of Mr. R. Craghead, about two miles southeast of the present town of Lamonte. A school building still stands on the same site in which school is taught from six to nine months every year. The name of the first teacher who occupied this pioneer structure, which was' erected in 184-2, is Mr. Thomas Hill. The gentleman now resides in Sedalia. After teaching in this house sometime, he married one of his pupils, Miss Catherine J . Craghead. The schools of the town- ship are now numerous, and under the supervision of instructors who take a pride in their profession. The first church erected in the township was built about 1837. Prior to this meetings had been held in the private houses scattered over the prairies. This first chapel was built about four miles south of the present town of Lamonte, on Walnut Branch, by the Baptist denomination. The first minister was the Rev. Martenis Embry. The next church building in the township was erected in the present town of Lamonte. The present churches of the township are situated in Lamonte. They are the Metho- dist Episcopal, South, Baptist and Christian. The M. E. Church, South, is now located in Lamonte, but the class was organized in August, 1866, by L. P. Siceloff, the first year of his ministry, at Craghead school house. The original members were, Robert and Nancy H. Craghead, John S. and E. I. Fleming, Mr. and Mrs. Higgin- bothan, Mrs. Elizabeth Moore, Mrs. Monroe Garton. In August, 1866, Rev. L. P. Siceloff held a protracted meeting in the grove, near Craghead school house, lasting two or three weeks, and resulted in twenty addi- tions to the class. The present church building was erected by Joseph Bradfield and Robert and R. Brown, carpenters. It was completed in 1871, and was dedicated by Rev. Wm. M. Prottsman, Presiding Elder of this district. The complete list of pastors up to date is: N. Talbot, J. R. Bennett, P. E.; J. M. Kellev, A. M. Rader, W. S. Woodars, M. Adkin- son, P. E.; W. M. Bewley, M. M. Pugh, P. E.; M. Dusun, J. B. H. Wooldridge, who being afflicted, resigned the charge, and J. J. Hill was appointed by J. L. D. Blevens, P. E., for 1882. The number of the present membership is one hundred and three. The church has a large and prosperous Sunday School connected, with an average attendance of seventy-five. Dr. J. P. Walker is Superintendent, and Mr. Joseph Brad- field is Secretary. The church building is situated on the north side of 884 HISTORY OF LAMO^E TOWNSHIP. town about one-fourth of a mile from the Missouri Pacific depot. It is a frame structure, and was erected at a cost of $2,000. It is thirty-two by- fifty feet, eighteen feet to the ceiling, a gallery with good seats, two-story belfry with good bell. It is carpeted and has a good organ. In the Sedalia Bazoo of May 7, 1882, we find the following: "The Methodist Episcopal Church at Lamonte was partially burned on Sunday, March 26. It' was supposed at the time that the loss would have to be put up with, as there was no insurance. But the truth was that R. T. Gentry, the insurance agent, and J. R. McConnell, the well-known farmer, had gone to work some time before the fire and secured a thousand dollar policy on the church property. This was kept a profound secret from the congregation, and they made-up their minds to pocket their 'loss by the fire, and be done with the matter. Accordingly on the Saturday after the fire, a collection was taken up at a church meeting, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of repairs to the building. The people were lib- erally disposed under the circumstances, and over sixty dollars were subscribed. After this was done the adjuster of the insur- ance company^, G. D. Carpenter, of this city, came forward and informed the deluded trustees that he was ready to pay the amount of indemnity due from the company. He was as good as his word, and passed over $69.90, so that the church, by this little scheme on the part of Messrs. Gentry and McConnell, is richer by the amount of the some- what unusually liberal contributions from the members of the church. It was a good scheme, and something new in the way of replenishing the depleted exchequer of a church." The Church of Christ (Christian) at Lamonte was organized Decem- ber 7, 1869, by James Randall, with nineteen members; W. D. Snoddy and B. R. Taylor were elected elders of the congregation. The "latter resigned the position in 1874, and William Duke was elected to fill his place. The number of additions to the church since its organization by confession and baptism has been 85; by commendation from other con- gregations, 108; making 212 enrolled upon the church books. That number has been materially diminished as follows: By death, 6; by removal, 86; by withdrawal from fellowship, 29; making 121 who have gone out, and leaving 91 as the total number remaining in the organization at this date. The church has met regularly every Lord's day since its organization to worship. It has a Sunday School connected, with an average attendance of seventy-five pupils. J. W. Snoddy is Superintendent, and Maggie Price, Secretary. The following persons have preached for the church in the order in which they are named: James Randall, two years; O. Spencer, one year; C. A. Hedrick, one 1 year; James Morgan, one year; J. C. Crippin, one year; William Dorsey, one year; G. Phillips, one year; S. K. Hallam, one year; E. M. Berry, one year; HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 885 O. Spencer is preaching for the church again this year. The church build- ing is a frame, thirty-six by fifty feet, and was built in the the year 1870, by James Randall, at a cost of about $1,200. The original membership includes the names of W. D. Snoddy, E. A. Snoddy, Vincent Terry, Sallie A. Terry, W. B. Shaw, Susan Shaw, John Schutt, Utica Schutt, John Bard, Mary A. Bard, B. R. Taylor, Polly A. Taylor, Thomas Terry, N. Terry, George Duncan, Bettie Duncan, Lanora Hardy, Olive Shaw and Fannie Bard. Total, nineteen. Since the church building was completed about $150 have been expended in the way of repairs, carpets, and other improvements ; the principal part of which has been within the last year . The congregation makes weekly contributions for contingent expenses, and every three months makes liberal additions to the fund for missionary work. The Baptist Church of JLamonte township was organized, as before stated, in 1837, and is one of the oldest churches in the county. The present house of worship in the town of Lamonte was built by the Pres- byterians, and the congregation of the town consisted of twenty members, as follows: Rev. W. S. Webb, W. B. Webb, A.J. Hall, Sarah H. Hall, Kittie Fleming, Mrs. Frier, Maud Fleming, H. A. Webb, Priscilla Brown, Margaret Watson, Zoda Webb, Sallie Fleming, E. J. Webb, Jennie Crag- head, Mrs. Oberby, Cardy Oberby, Susan Strickle, E. S. Webb, G. F. Bailey and M. L. Bailey. Total, twenty. On August 29, 1874, Bethel Church, with a membership of thirty, united with the congregation above mentioned, since which time they, have •continued to grow and prosper. For three years the congregation wor- shiped in the Presbyterian Church building, and for three more years their services w%re held in the building belonging to the Methodists. The former building was purchased in 1880, from the Presbyterian congrega- tion. It was erected in 1871, and cost about $1,500. Rev. W. S. Webb was pastor for four years, and Rev. J. K. Godby has been pastor for the last three years. The present membership is fifty-four. The Sabbath School was organized last April (1881), with A. J. Hall, Superintend- ent. Present Superintendent, J. S. White; Secretary, A. Gresham; Scholars on the roll, 100, and the average attendance is seventy-five; num- ber of teachers, ten; the library contains 130 volumes. The church has a good bell and organ. Its aisles and rostrum are carpeted. The building was dedicated by Revs. W. S. Webb and Godby in December, 1880. The present membership is fifty-four. The property is worth about $2,000, and out of debt. Preaching is held every fourth Sunday. The Church Clerk, E. C. Baldwin, died recently, and the church is at present without a clerk. The population of Lamonte Township, including the village of Lamonte, is 1,263. It contains 23,040 acres, nearly all tillable land, and its value, HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. from the Assessor's books of 1881, is $187,390. From the assessment list of property for 1882, based on the ownership of property, June 1, 1881, it is found that there are 460 horses in the township, valued at $16,150; mules, 146, and valued at $6,010; .cattle, 1,072, valued at $15,385; sheep, 1,734, valued at $2,515 ; hogs, 1,029, valued at $2,405. Total valuation of real estate and live stock in the township is $229,855. The farm and orchard products are greatly in excess of the home consumption, and large and valuable shipments of wheat, corn, flax, apples, peaches and small fruits are annually forwarded to western markets; either Sedalia, Kansas City or St. Louis being near at hand, and such shipments always bring the best prices. Land has advanced in value from $12.50 per acre in 1856, to $50 in 1882. TOWN OF LAMONTE. This beautiful little village was laid out in 1866, by Col. Frank Hickox and J. R. McConnell. The first house erected in the village was built by a Mr. James. Mr. James was a resident of the township when he moved to the future village, and died only a short time since. In 1862 the grading of the Missouri Pacific Railroad was commenced and the track was laid, and cars commenced running through the town in 1864. The village at that time was called Boomer, named in honor of Mr. Geo. Boomer, a prominent bridge contractor of the railroad. It retained this name for a member of years afterwards, and was the source of much annoyance to travelers who wished to come to Lamonte. The reason was that the post-office, which had been established for a number of years,, was called Lamonte, and after it was moved to Boomer, it still retained the original name. How the name of Lamonte came to hje given to this little western town is one of the things lost with the demise of the earliest settlers. The town is pleasantly situated on both sides of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, in the eastern part of the township, about twelve miles west of Sedalia ; it contains between five hundred to six hundred inhabitants, and has a good retail trade, and in the fall of 1880 there were larger shipments of grain from it than from any town of its size between Kansas City and Sedalia. Its business men are careful buyers and thoroughly understand their trades, and as a consequence have never been cramped for capital to operate on during the past two years of close times. From its founda- tion to the present time, Lamonte has had a steady growth, and from a village of one house and one store, it has grown to its present important place in this county. The first store house was built by Mr. Geo. H. Hardey. Mr. John Harris was employed to manage the business of the concern. This was in 1866 or '67. The building is a frame, and still stands, and is now occu- HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 887 pied by Mr. J. S. White, with a large stock of hardware, implements, etc. In the minutes of the proceedings of the County Court, we find the act of incorporation of the village of Lamonte, under date of December 6, 1880. The first meeting of the board was held, Dec. 15, 1880, and Mr. A. J. Hall was elected President of the Town Board, and J. R. Wade, Clerk; P. S. Zilhart was elected Marshal. The statement of the first year's business from April 1, 1881, to April 1, 1882, is as follows: Receipts: Taxes col- lected on personal property, $156.60; taxes collected on real estate, $52.45 ; fines, $17; saloon license, $100 ; other license, $3; total, $329.05. Expendi- tures: Amount paid out on warrants drawn on the City Treasurer, $236.68: leaving a balance in the City Treasury at the close of business at the end of the fiscal year, on March 31, 1881, of $92.37. The present officers of the village are: Dr. A. P. Snoddy, Mayor; Jule Busch, Clerk; members of Town Board, J. R. Wade, Thomas Emerson and Wm. Emer- son. The number of votes cast at the recent election was sixty-five. The judges of election were, B. B. Taylor, D. W. Reesman, and S. R. Davis; T. J. Emerson, John Patton, Clerks. The Lamonte postoffiee was established at an early day, about one mile south of the present site of town, and until it was moved to the village it was ,on the Georgetown and Lexington stage road, and Mr. Thos. J. Mason was postmaster. After the railroad was completed the postoffiee was moved into the village. Mr. James S. White is the present post- master, and came here from Pennsylvania about six months ago. The depot of the Missouri Pacific Railroad is located near the center of the town. The first agent was H. C. Spaulding, who occupied the office for two or three years, and was succeeded by J. R. Wade, now a pros- perous merchant of the village. R. H. Wheeler is the present agent, and has held the position for two years. The annual receipts of the office for several years past have averaged $10^000 per year. The average ship- ments in car-loads have been: Cattle, fifty; hogs, thirty; sheep, ten; corn, one hundred and seventy; wheat, seventy-six; oats, ten; flour, twenty; merchandise, ten; flax seed, twenty; total average car-load ship- ments per year, three hundred and ninety-six. The school building is located in the western part of the village, and was erected in 1866. It has since been enlarged until it is capable of accommodating 150 to 175 pupils. It is at present in a flourishing con- dition. Numbers of pupils from the country adjacent attend each session- on account of the superior facilities offered and higher branches taught. At present it is in charge of Prof. H. F. Triplett. Mrs. Wood is his assist- ant. There is an enrollment in the two departments of about one hun- dred and thirty. The secret societies of the village are the I. O. O. F. and I. O. G. T. Lamonte Lodge, No. 296, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was 888 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. instituted May 1, 1873, by Elias Bixby, D. D. G. M., and a charter was granted the organization on June 7, 1873. The charter members were: John J. Bunton, J. D. Sherman, John B. Brooks, Thomas Terry, Elder White. The first officers were Thomas Terry, N. G.; Joseph J. Pen- quite, V. G. ; John B. 'Brooks, Secretary; John D. Sherman,- Treasurer. The present officers are R. E. Guthrie, N. G.; Dr. John P. Walker, V. G.; H. L. McNeil, Recording Secretary; J. R. Wade, Permanent Secre- tary; George H. Shepherd, Treasurer. The number of members at present is thirty-one. There are no Grand Lodge officers numbered in the membership. The hall is a commodious one, a two-story brick, ele- gantly finished on the inside. It was erected in 1876 at a cost of $1,500. The Independent Order of Good Templars was organized in April, 1881, by B. Y. Nesbit, District Deputy. The officers of the lodge at present are H. F. Triplett, W. C.T.; Miss Susie Martin, W.-V. T.; George Hardy, Recording Secretary; Willie Taylor, Financial Secretary; Mrs. P. Barkar, Treasurer; Joseph Bradfield, Lodge Deputy. The Order has now a large and flourishing membership. They occupy a large and commodious hall over Hardy & Company's dry goods store, and hold their meetings weekly. It has been the object to rid the town of drinking saloons, and they have met encouraging success on every hand. The prosperous condition of the present Order speaks volumes for the feelings of the people on this important subject. Lamonte Cemetery was laid out shortly after the founding of the town. It occupies a position in the northwest part of the village, and is on a beau- tiful spot of ground. As yet, few attempts have been made to beautify it, but where nature has such admirably adapted surroundings, art can do little to make them more pleasant. The streets of Lamonte are laid out at right angles to one another, and in front of many of the residences ornamental trees have been planted which greatly add to the appearance of the streets. A complete business directory of the town includes: James S. White, postmaster and dealer in hardware, stoves, tinware and agricultural imple- ments; Hardy & Co., dry goods and general merchandise; Jule Busch, dry goods, clothing and general merchandise; R. S. McNees, dealer in grain; Lutz & Fisher, furniture; Mrs. J. T. Craghead, milliner; Dr. A. P. Snoddy, druggist and physician; J. T. Craghead & Co., dry goods, etc.; J. R. Wade, dry goods, boots and shoes, clothing and general mer- chandise; James W. Overby, barber; H. T. McArtor, druggist; D. W. Reesman, barber; T. S. Fisher, druggist; John Patton, restaurant; D. L. Aulsbaugh, harness and saddlery; W. L. Chipley, tinner; W. C. Wise, livery and sale stable; W. F. Hainline, blacksmith; S. J. Withers, restaurant; J. J. Penquite & Co., lumber, implements, etc.; A. J. Hall, grain dealer; R. H. Wheeler, agent Missouri Pacific Railroad ; Drs. J. P. HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. Walker and S. Conway, physicians and surgeons; B. B. Taylor, Justice of the Peace; James H. Harrison, Justice of the Peace; Lamonte Mill Co., millers;- John Fitzgerald, section boss Mo. P. R. R.; E. H. Bulow, engineer; W. S. Files, proprietor Lamonte House; Guthrie & West, insur- ance and real estate agents; C. C. Kemp, proprietor Southern Hotel; John W. Baldwin, insurance agent; James B. Mekeal, contractor and builder; R. J. Yocum, butcher; James Bradfield, carpenter; George H. Shepherd, nurseryman. W. H. AGEE. Lamonte Township. The subject of this brief sketch was born in Pettis County, in April, 1857. His father and mother were both natives of Kentucky, and were among the first families who settled in this County. Henry came to Missouri about the year 1832, and settled on Flat Creek. Wm. Agee, the father, was a merchant for many years. W. H., who is the oldest son, was educated in the town of Dresden. His early life was spent in his father's store as clerk. While living at Dresden, he was married, in May, 1878, to Miss Nannie U. Terry, daughter of Vincent Terry. The result of this union has been two children, Harry E. and Walter D. For the past five years he has been associated with his father in mercantile business at Fayetteville, Ark. Disposing of this, he returned to Pettis County, where he is at present living on a farm, and is one of the promising and enterprising men of this Township. He and his worthy wife are both acceptable members of the Christian Church. JULE BUSCH. Lamonte Township. Few men have been more enterprising or have con- tributed more to the wealth and development of Lamonte than Mr. Busch. He is a native of Missouri, born in St. Charles County, in Jul}' 1838. His father and mother were both born in Prussia and emigrated to the United States in 1834, and came directly to Missouri, and settled in St. Charles County, where he engaged in the mercantile business. Jule's mother died in St. Charles County, in 1852. Jule Busch was in part educated in his native County. He attended the St. Louis University about three years. In 1859, during the Pike's Peak excitement, he crossed "the plains on his way out, meeting men in great numbers returning. He then deter- mined to go through to California, and spent some time in traveling over the territories. In 1869 he returned to Missouri, and in the following year he came to Lamonte and soon after started a store, consisting of a general stock. He has been very industrious in studying the wants of his custo- mers, and has always done a large business. In 1870, Mr. Busch was married to Miss M.'V. McConnell, a lady of rare domestic habits. They have three children, Laura, Levalle and May! Mr. Busch has a neat and comfortable residence and large store house well stocked. 890 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. J. D. CRAGHEAD. Post-office, Lamonte. Farmer. Was born in Pettis. County, Missouri, Feb. 10, 1847. He was raised and educated in this County. He was married when quite young to Miss Virginia A. Williams in 1867, daughter of Bartlett Williams, one of the pioneer settlers of this County. She was born and raised in Pettis County. By this union they haye six children: Ella, Walter, Estella, Maud, Ernest and Gertrude. Mr. Craghead . has been quite extensively engaged in raising hogs, cattle and flax. In 1869 he moved to his present farm., which contains 140 acres, all in cultivation, with a good house and barn. In 1878, he engaged, in the growing, of broom corn, in which he has been quite successful, shipping his crop to Jefferson City and St. Louis. Mr. Craghead can relate many interesting hunting incidents ; and one of his special amusements is the gun and the chase. J. T. CRAGHEAD. Merchant; post-office, Lamonte. Was bqrn in Pettis County, Missouri, April 12, 1849. His father, Robert Craghead, was a native of Virginia; was born in 1803 and emigrated to Missouri in 1818, and settled in Callaway County. In 1£32 he removed to Pettis County and settled on a farm near Lamonte, where he continued to reside until his death in 1875. His mother is also a native of Virginia, was born in 1812, and is still living and enjoying moderate health. J. T. Craghe'ad's grandmother, on his mother side, is still living, and has attained the advanced age of ninety-six years, and was originally from Virginia; James T., the subject of this sketch, commenced business for himself in 1871, engaging in agricultural pursuits, which he followed until June, 1881, when he retired from the farm and embarked in the mercantile trade. He has a large store and well stocked. His mild and gentlemanly ways secure to him a large and prosperous business. He has been twice married, first to Miss L. F. Matthews in 1870, a native of Virginia. She died in 1877, leaving two children, Charles H. and William E. He married for his second wife Miss M. E. Shoup, daughter of Thomas Shoup, Esq., a native of Ohio. They have one son. JOHN H. DIVERS. Farmer. Prominent among the farmers and stock raisers stands the name of John H. Divers. He was born in Franklin County, Va., Nov. 22, 1828. He came to Missouri with his mother when about thirteen years of age. His father having previously died. He and his mother settled in Pettis County in about the year 1841, north of Sedalia, where he continued to live until the death of his mother in 1846. She was a native of Virginia and her maiden name was Elizabeth Harris, daughter HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 891 of Frances Harris, Esq. Mr. Divers after the death of his mother took a trip back to his native State; returning to Missouri he then went to Ore- gon and California; returned in 1854, and engaged in farming. In 1856he was married to Miss Mary Brown, daughter of James Brown. In 1859 he moved to his present farm, which contains about 335 'acres of choice land. He has a fine, substantial two-story residence with a good barn. He has been one of the enterprising farmers and stock raisers of his neigh- borhood; he is a man ofgood taste and order, having everything in its right place. In 1873 he lost his first wife. She at her death leaving eight children, James F., Edward A., Mary A., Elizabeth, John W., William R., Christopher D. and Amanda Lee. He married a second time in 1877, Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, daughter of Adam Carpenter. By this union they had one daughter, Lulu F. Mrs. Divers had five children by her former husband. Mr. Divers commenced life in very straightened circumstances, but being a man of great energy, has succeeded well in life, has set a good example, is a good neighbor, widely known and much respected. WM. DUKE. ' Farmer; post-office, Lamonte. Prominent among the farmers of this township who have contributed largely to its wealth and development, stands the name of Wm. Duke. He was born in Sandusky County, Ohio, Dec. 12, 1841. His father was from the north of Ireland, and his mother from the State of Vermont. They were among the early settlers of San- dusky County, Ohio. William's father died when was about thirteen years of age, and his mother soon after. Being deprived early in life of a father and mother he was thrown upon his own resources to fight the battle of life for himself. He received a limited education from the com- mon schools. In 1861 he enlisted in the Federal Army, joining Company D, 72d Ohio, Three Years Men, and served until the summer of 1865, par- ticipating in the following battles: Shiloh, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, and many others. On June 11, 1864, he was captured and imprisoned at Andersonville, and was held until April, 1865, when he was paroled and placed upon the ill-fated vessel whose boilers exploded near Memphis, Tenn. Out of 1,600 only 600 escaped with their lives. Mr. Duke was picked up, clinging to a board, in an unconscious condition,jhaving floated some ten miles down the river from the scene of the accident. In 1865 Mr. Duke returned to his home in Ohio and engaged in farming, which he followed until 1869, when he then came to Missouri and settied on his present farm, which contains 160 acres of choice land. He has a neat and comfortable residence and one of the best brick cellars in the township. He has a good barn and out-houses. In 1867 he was married to Miss Emeline Brim, daughter of Geo. Brim, who was a native of England, and 892 HISTORY OK LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. born in Devonshire in 1807, and died in 1873. He was a gentleman widely known and universally esteemed. Mrs. Duke's mother was a native of New York and is still living; was born 1812. Mr. Duke's family consists of three children, Estella C, Snella M. (twins), and Wm. A. They lost three children, two aged respectively four and six years, and one. in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Duke are worthy members of the Church of Christ. WM. H. EMERSON. Among the successful merchants of Lamonte may be mentioned Mr. Emerson, who was originally from North Carolina, born in Chatham County, October 11, 1845. He resided in his native County until he > attained his majority. He came with his two brothers to Houstonia, this County, in 1871 , where he remained until January, 1879, during which time he was engaged in the mercantile trade. During the same year, (1879), he came to Lamonte and accepted a position as salesman in the store of G. H. Hardy, which position he held for two years. He then became a partner with G. Hardy & Co., which firm still exists. The firm is doing a large business, and Mr. Emerson is held in great esteem by his many cus- tomers. He has served as Township Trustee. He is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, also of the Good Templars. W. S. FILES. Proprietor of the Lamonte House. This popular hotel keeper is a native of Maine, and was born near Belfast Bay, June 11, 1824. When about eleven years of age he moved with his parents to Ohio, where he was principally raised and educated. He spent a portion of his boyhood days on a farm. In 1852 he was married to Miss Martha A. Ewers, daughter of Robert Ewers, Esq. She is a lady possessed of rare domestic habits and is well fitted for the important position she so nobly fills. Mr. Files continued to farm until he came to Missouri in 1866, when he settled on a farm near Dresden, Pettis County, where he resided until 1876, when he moved his family to this place and took charge of the Lamonte House, which is the principal hotel in the town. He sets a good table, makes his guests feel at home, and his clever and genial ways make his house partic- ularly attractive. Mr. Files has a family of five children, four girls and one son, viz: E. A., E. T., Alice B., Wm. E., and Anta B. Mr. Files' parents were both natives of Maine, and emigrated to Ohio in an early day, and lived to a ripe old age. T. S. FISHER. Druggist. Mr. Fisher is a native of Missouri, and was born in Saline County, Sept. 16, 1850. His father, Jacob Fisher, was born in Pennsyl- HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 893 vania, Sept. 15, 1812. His mother was born in Louisa County, Va., July 6, 1817. She moved with her parents to Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1834. She was married in 1838, and moved with her husband to Missouri, Cooper County, in 1839, thence to Saline County in 1843, in which place Jacob Fisher died in 1853. T. S. Fisher, our subject, was educated at the com- mon schools. He set out in life early. He accepted a clerkship in Mr. T. C. Ramey's store, which position he held two years. Then he entered a drug store as clerk, in Arrow Rock. From this place he went to St. Louis, engaging in the commission business. Next to Sedalia, this county, and accepted a situation in a drug store. In about one year after he came to Lamonte and engaged in the drug trade, associating himself with Dr. Conway. This firm did business two years; disposing of his interest he engaged in farming. In 1881 he again engaged in the drug trade, and to-day is doing a neat business. In 1878 he was married to Miss Lucy I. Wimer. She was born in Virginia. They have one daughter, Bertha May. JOHN S. FLEMING. One among the most successful farmers and stock raisers of Lamonte Township. Was born in Fauquier County, Va., in the town of Upper- ville, Sept. 3, 1828. His early education was in the common schools of that day, spending most of his youth on the farm. From this he went out as traveling salesman for a large hardware and implement house, continu- ing with them about seven years. In 1858, he came to Missouri, locating near the present site of Lamonte. He soon commenced dealing extensively in mules and cattle. He is now the owner of two large farms, one con- taining 440 acres, two and a half miles northeast, and the other containing 310 acres joining the town of Lamonte, both under excellent cultivation. On the latter named tract he built a fine substantial residence, surrounded by a beautiful lawn adorned with evergreens, provided with granaries and other buildings. Mr. Fleming has also given much attention to cul- tivation of fruit, having on his farm a fine orchard of bearing trees. He served as justice of the peace during the war. One year he worked with his teams on the M. P. R. R. He has always given his influence on the side of temperance and order. On the fifteenth day of May, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza I. Routsong, daughter of P. Routsong, a native of Maryland. 'They have been blessed with four children, two of whom are still living, now attending college, James A. and Emma L. His parents are dead; his father, a native of Pennsylvania, died in 1854, and his mother, a native of Virginia, died in 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Fleming are worthy members of the M. E. Church, South . Mr. Fleming is a good neighbor, widely known and much esteemed. 44 894 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. MONROE H. GARTON. Farmer and stock dealer. Prominent among the young men of this township, may be mentioned the name of Mr. Garton. He was born in Pettis County, Mo., Nov. 3, 1848. Receiving a common school educa- tion, he set out early in life for himself, engaging in farming, in which he has been quite successful. In Oct. 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucinda B. Pemberton, daughter of Geo. M. Pemberton, Esq; She is a native of Pettis County, and a lady of- culture and refinement. By this union they have one son, Win. E. Garton. In 1873 Mr. Garton moved'to his present farm which at that time contained- 160 acres, given him by his father. He has been very active and industrious, and'his landed estate now numbers 1,290 acres, all under fence and cultivation. He has been one among the successful cattle and hog dealers of Lamonte township. He has always endeavored to feed all the corn on his premises; Latterly he is turninghis attention to the raising of wheat, his land being first class for the growing of this product. Seven hundred acres of his land lies in Vernon County, on which his. herds of cattle graze. Mr. Gar- ton is a man possessed of more than ordinary executive ability, and as a financier he has few equals. He is a good neighbor, is widely known and much respected. He is a prominent member of the M. E. Churcri. P. J. HAGGARD. Farmer. Among the successful young men we mention Mr. Haggard. He is a native of Kentucky, and was born in Clark County, on Nov. 3, 1842, and continued to reside in his native county until 1869, when in the same year he was married to. Miss Mary D. Sneed, daughter of Wm. D. Sneed, of CarroU County, Ky. He moved with his new bride to Missouri and settled in Knobnoster, where he remained three years, living at differ- ent points. In 1881 he moved to his present farm, containing ninety-six acres of choice land, all in cultivation, with a comfortable dwelling house, where he is engaged in farming. Mr. H. has been a member of the Mas- onic fraternity for several years; he and his worthy wife are also accept- able members of the Christian Church. W. F. HAINLINE. Wagon-maker and blacksmith. Was born in Montgomery County, Ky., April 16, 1843, and lived in his native State until he attained his man- hood, and in the fall of 1870 he came to Lamonte. His father, who is a native of the same State, came to Missouri in 1872 and is still living. His mother, who is still living, is also from Kentucky, and is the daughter of David Rose, Esq., of Ky. W. F. Hainline, who is our subject, on first coming to this place engaged in blacksmithing, at the same time carrying on wagon-making, and has operated the principal shop in Lamonte, and HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 895 owns a good farm containing 125 acres of land. He also runs the princi- pal meat market of Lamonte. He devoted considerable time and atten- tion to farming and feeding stock. He has been married twice; first to Miss Jessie H. Johnson in 1866, daughter of Jeff. Johnson, Esq. She died in 1874, leaving three children, viz.: Alice, Rosa B. and James J. In 1875 he was again married to Miss M.J.Johnson, a sister of his former wife. Through this union they have two children, viz.: Laura E. and an infant. Mr. H. has served as member of the City Council, and is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 296. A. J. HALL. Post-office, Lamonte. Farmer. In this sketch we have not a pioneer, but a man who has been identified with almost every enterprise tending to the public good. He is a native of Canada, and born Feb. 23, 1828. When quite young he moved to the State of New York, where he remained until 1862, then went to California, remaining there for several years, during which time he was engaged in the lumber trade. After this he returned to his old home in Stephenson County, Ills. In 1869 he came to Missouri, stopping a short time in St. Louis, and soon after came to Lamonte, where he has been a resident ever since. He immediately engaged in the lumber and grain business, and has been one of the largest shippers between this point and Kansas City. He also has been a success- ful cattle feeder. He also owned an interest in the Lamonte flouring mills. At present he holds the office of Mayor, and has been a member of the school board for the last ten years. In 1852 he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Holmes. The result of this union has been one son and one daughter, viz. : Ollie E. and Judson H. Mr. Hall has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for many years. He and his worthy wife are both prominent members of the Baptist Church, and among its liberal contributors. GEORGE H. HARDY. Farmer. He is a native of Missouri, and was born in Boonville, Cooper County, Feb. 9, 1843. His father, George H. Hardy, after whom the sub-' ject of this notice was named, is still living, and is now a resident of John- son County, this State. His mother was a native of New York, and died in the year 1874. Geo. H., our subject, was principally raised in the city of St. Louis, and was educated at the City University. In 1866 he came to Dresden, this county, with his parents, and clerked in his father's store until 1868, when he, in company with his parents, moved to Lamonte. where he still continued to clerk for his father. On the twenty-eighth day of Oct., 1868, he was married to Miss Laura Dawson, daughter of J. L. Dawson, of Pettis County. In the fall of the same year Mr. Hardy 896 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. moved to his present farm, which contains 120 acres of land, well improved, with a comfortable dwelling. He belongs to the Good Templars Lodge, and he and his worthy wife are members of the Christian Church. They have four children, Mary B., Alice D., E. F. and Virgil. THOMAS G. INMAN. The suject of this brief sketch is not a pioneer, but came to this county in 1876, and for energy and genuine pluck he has few equals. He is a gentleman who has been well raised, is possessed of fine feeling and keen sensibilities. He was born in Martin County, Indiana, in the year 1845. He received a good English education in the schools of his State. He served as Sheriff of Martin County two years. At the age of twenty- one he was elected township trustee, which office he held continuously for a period of eight years. Mr. Inman was engaged in dealing in stock for several years in Indiana. He came to Lamonte in the fall of 1879, and spent the winter, when in the spring he engaged in farming and now is cultivat- ing between 500 and 600 acres of land. Mr. Inman was married in 1865, to a very worthy lady, by whom he has two children. THOMAS J. MASON. Farmer. Squire Mason, as he is familiarly known, is one of the oldest inhabitants of Lamonte. He was born in the Territory of Missouri, Oct. 1, 1820. His father, Henry Mason, was a native of Pennsylvania, he hav- ing moved with his father to the Territory of Missouri, which is now St. Louis County, in the year 1804, where he died, about the year 1823. Thomas J., our subject, when about thirteen years of age, entered a store as clerk, and a portion of the time in business for himself, and followed this until 1855, when he moved to Pettis County, and settled on his pres- ent farm, containing 325 acres, near the town site of Lamonte. Mr. Mason was married in St. Louis County, in 1847, to Miss Sarah A. Cordell, daughter of Arthur Cordell. She is a native of Missouri. In about the year 1856 Mr. Mason was elected to the office of justice of the peace* which he held continuously until 1863. He was the first postmaster of Lamonte, receiving his appointment about 1857, and held the office for a period of eleven years. After the close of the war he resigned, when he again was elected to the office of justice of the peace, and served until 1877. He also held the office of township trustee. Mr. Mason's family consists of five children, John W., Robert W., Mary L., Thomas R. and Joseph C. Mr. Mason's mother was a native of Kentucky, and was mar- ried in St. Louis County. She died Aug., 1823. Mr. Mason is a kind neighbor, is widely known and universally esteemed. HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 897 JAMES R. McCONNELL. There is perhaps no citizen who has contributed more for the building up of Lamonte than Mr. McConnell, he and Col. Hickox being the founders of the town of Lamonte. Jas. R. McConnell was born in Dau- phin County, Penn., Jan. 17, 1818. He received his education in a log school house with two months of school during the year. He continued to reside in his native county until 1854. He engaged in farming. In the year 1854 he moved to Lebanon County, where he remained a short time, then moved to Dayton, O., in which place he lived two years. In 1859, removed to Missouri with the small sum of $412.00. He first set- tled in California, this State. During the war, he and Mr. Hickox were largely engaged in furnishing beef and forage to the government. In 1867, he moved to Lamonte with his worthy friend Hickox, and engaged in the lumber trade. Mr. McConnell, Hickox and Busch developed the coal mines. Disposing of his interest in this, he turned his attention to farming. In 1877 he purchased the Lamonte Mills. Soon after, these mills were burned, but were rebuilt, the style of the firm being Hall, Con- way & McConnell, commonly called the Lamonte Mill Co. These gentlemen are among the most prominent in the place. Mr. McConnell was married to Miss C. Whitman, of Reading, Penn., in 1845. They have four children living: William T., John A., Roland S. and Linda C. Mr. McConnell has a stately residence and one of the largest bank barns in the county.. His farm is the best of soil and is well improved. Mr. McConnell is a good neighbor and public spirited, ever ready to assist in any enterprise tending to the public good. CHARLES E. McCONNELL. Lamonte Township. Dealer in hardware, tin and stoves. He is a a native of Missouri, and was born in St. Charles County, July 9, 1856. His father and mother were both natives of Missouri and his grandfather was originally from Kentucky. Charles E., who is the subject of this notice, received a good common school education at the schools of this State. When quite young, he accepted a clerkship in the store of Jule Busch, which position he held for ten years, and afterwards was engaged for a short term with Mr. E. A. Reaser, a "grain merchant. In 1881 he embarked in his present business. His long experience in. mercantile life and extensive acquaintance have well qualified him for his business. In 1879, he was married to Miss Susie Larkins, of Brownsville, Mo. They had one son, Robert C. JOHN T. MOORE. Post-office, Lamonte. Farmer. Was born in Pettis County, Mo., March 30, 1850. His father, T. J. Moore, was a native of Kentucky, 898 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. born April 10, 1814. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Coates, was born in Kentucky, April 29, 1817. His father emigrated to Missouri in 1835, and settled on Heath's Creek. In 1857 he moved on to the farm now occupied by John T., where he continued to reside until his death in 1864. His mother is still living, health moderately good, and in the enjoyment of all her faculties. John T. was raised and educated in this county. He has been actively engaged in the raising of mules and other stock. He now owns the old homestead, containing 250 acres of choice land, all in cultivation. He has been quite extensively engaged in feeding cattle and hogs. Mr. Moore was married Sept. 14, 1879, to Miss Susan F. Ireland. She is also a native of Missouri, and daughter of W. Ireland, Esq. They have one daughter, Laura A. J. D. PACE. Farmer. The subject of this brief sketch was born in Edmonson County, Ky., Oct. 26, 1832. He lived in his native county until 1853, when he came to Missouri. In 1857 he was married to Miss Eliza C. Franklin, daughter of Martin Franklin. He came to Pettis County in the fall of the same year, since which time he has been engaged in farming. He commenced life in meagre circumstances, but by honest}- and industry he has succeeded in making whatever he undertook a success. He has reared a family of seven children, viz.: Mary E., Geo. T., Benjamin F., Vinnetta H., Lucy J., Robert L. and Cora B. Mr. Pace owns a good farm lying near the present town site of Lamonte, all in cultivation, with a comfortable dwelling. M. MORGAN PRICE. The subject of this notice is the eldest son of Hugh and Ann E. Price, and was born on the 11th day of November, 1860,.in Wayne County, O. His father was a native of Ohio and was born in Holmes County, May 18th, 1820. His mother was also a native of Holmes County, and was born May 24th, 1832. In the fall of 1865 Mr. Hugh Price moved his family to Pettis County, Mo., and settled near the present site of Dresden, where he remained until 1873, when he removed to Lamonte, and settled on the old homestead, where the family now resides. He was one of the most worthy and enterprising citizens of Pettis County, and was the owner of three farms, numbering in all nearly 700 acres. He built on the farm near Lamonte, a fine two-story residence, with good out-buildings. On account of failing health he went to the medical springs in Columbus, Johnson County, Mo., at which place he died. His mother died at Fayette- ville, Ark., in the year 1872. Morgan, our subject, was principally raised and educated in this county. He attended Fayette College in Arkansas, also several terms at Woodland College. At present he is engaged in HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 899 farming, and is regarded as one of the enterprising as well as intelligent young men of Lamonte. CLARK REED. Farmer. Owns a fine farm of 160 acres near the present town site of Lamonte. Was born in Mahoning County, O., Oct. 1st, 1818. His father, who was a native of Virginia, was one of the early settlers of Mahoning County, Ohio. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Turner, was born in the State of New Jersey. Mr. Reed's parents are both dead. Clark was reared and educated in his native county. His occupation has always been that of a farmer. He is one of the model farmers of Lamonte township, and is perhaps one of the most successful of his neighborhood as a wheat and flax raiser. He also has a good orchard, containing chosen varieties. Mr. Reed came to Pettis County, Mo, in the fall of 1868. He was married to Miss Margaret Winnans in 1840, of Mahoning County, Ohio. She is a very estimable lady and very refined in her habits. They have four boys, viz.: James G., J. V., Wm. E. and Charles M. Mrs. Reed is a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church. W. M. RUTAN. Farmer. Was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, in 1837. He lived in his native county until his 21st year. He attended school at Warren, Ohio, after which he taught school one term.. He then engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, which he followed successfully until 1869, when he came to Lamonte and engaged in the grocery and boot and shoe trade. Disposing of this he went into the milling business, following this one year, after which he engaged in farming and now owns a fine farm containing 100 acres of choice land, just outside of the : town limits. His improvements are good. In 1872 he was married to Miss Anna Helb, daughter of Jacob Helb, Esq. JOHN SHARP. Farmer. Among the pioneer settlers of Pettis County may be men- tioned Mr. Sharp. He was born in Greene County, Tenn., Nov. 13, 1846. When about eight years of age he came to Missouri with his parents. His father, Wm. Sharp, was also a native of Tennessee. His mother was also born in Tennessee, and is still living. She came with her husband to Missouri in 1856, and settled in Johnson County, where they remained for a few years and then removed to Pettis County, where John's father died in 1866. His mother, who is still living, is a sprightly old lady, well remem- bering the hardships and trials of a pioneer life. Her health is good. John- Sharp was reared and educated on a farm. He was married in 1869 to Miss Sarah J. Hughes, daughter of J. A. Hughes, who was originally « 900 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. from Kentucky, and one among the worthy settlers of this county. By this union they had five children: John W., Emma E., Homer H., Wm. E. and James W. Mr. Sharp owns a fine farm of 120 acres, with a new and neat residence. Besides being one of the enterprising farmers, he deals considerably in stock, and is considered a good judge of cattle. Mr. and Mrs. Sharp are acceptable members of the Church of Christ. W. B. SHAW. Farmer. Prominent among the farmers who have set a good example by way of industry and energy stands the name of Mr. Shaw, who was born in Smith County, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1812. His father, John L. Shaw, was a native of Virginia. His mother was also from the same State, and they emigrated to Tennessee in an early day. W. B. Shaw resided in his native State until he attained his majority and received a common school education. He was married in 1831 to Miss Elizabeth Allen, daughter of J. Allen. In 1833 he moved to Kentucky, where he lost his wife, leaving two children, John and Jourdon. Mr. Shaw then made a business trip to Texas, and on his return to Kentucky was married to Miss Ruth Spur- lock. In 1838 he removed his family to Missouri, and on arriving in the State he had a* small yoke of cattle, a cart and $25. He first stopped in Miller County, thence to Cooper County, where he spent some five years, and in the spring of 184i removed to Pettis County, and settled on Heath's Creek, where he remained until 1861, when he moved his family to his present farm situated in Lamonte Township, and which contains 448 acres of choice land, nearly all in cultivation and under fence, with a neat and substantial residence, with a large barn and numerous out houses. Mr. Shaw has been one of the leading stock-raisers of his neighborhood. He has been very successful in all his undertakings. Mr. Shaw lost his second wife in 1852, she at her death leaving five children. In 1855 Mr. Shaw was married to his present wife, Mrs. Susan Reed, a native of Ken- tucky, and a most amiable lady, by whom he has had three children. Mr. Shaw has raised a family of ten children, all living and doing well. He and his wife and seven of the children are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Shaw is a man well known throughout this county, and is much respected. GEORGE H. SHEPHERD. Proprietor of the Lamonte Nursery. He is a native of the State of Indiana, and when quite young moved with his parents to Iowa, where he was principally, raised and educated. He remained in that State until the year 1860, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. He first commenced the nursery business at Smithton, this county, where he continued until 1870, then came to Lamonte and established his present business, having one HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 901 among the best nurseries in Pettis County. He has been awarded a num- ber of first premiums on his trees at many of the county fairs. At the Brownsville fair he took nearly all the first premiums. He has one thou- sand standard pear trees, perhaps the best in the State. For his enterprise in this direction he is deserving of much credit. He owns 125 acres of choice land in connection with his nursery. He is widely known, and personally is a genial gentleman. Dr. A. P. SNODDY. Physician. Post-office, Lamonte. Among the early settlers who stand prominently identified with the medical profession, may be mentioned Dr. Snoddy, who was born in Franklin County, Mo., March 24, 1847. His father was originally from Virginia, emigrating to Missouri in 1839, stop- ping in St. Louis County several years. He moved to Pettis County in 1845, where he is still living. He was many years one of the leading physicians of this county. His mother, who is also living, is a native of Missouri. Her maiden name was Elinor Brown. She raised a family of eight children, all of whom are living. Dr. A. P. Snoddy commenced the study of medicine in 1868, after which he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, and graduated in 1870. In August, the following year, he commenced the practice of his profession, opening an office in Lamonte, where he has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. His brother conducts the principal drug store in Lamonte. He was married in this county in 186S, to Miss Frankie Felix, daughter of Dr. W. S. Felix. Dr. S. and his worthy wife are both prominent members of the Christian Church. Dr. W. D. SNODDY. Physician. Prominent among the medical profession in Pettis County stands the name of Dr. W. D. Snoddy, who was born in Virginia, March 20,1822. He came with his parents to Missouri in -1839. His father, David Snoddy, by birth, was a Virginian. On coming to Missouri he first settled in Franklin County, on a farm, on which he lived until his death, in 1847. His mother, who was also A. native of Virginia, died in Franklin County, in 1868. The Doctor was principally raised and educated in this State. While living in Franklin County he commenced the study of medi- cine, and took his first course of lectures at the Medical College of Ten- nessee. He returned to Missouri and commenced practice in Jasper County, this State, after which he took his second course of lectures at the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, O., and graduated in the spring of 1850. He then returned to Missouri and located at Georgetown, where he continued to practice until 1856, when he moved to his present farm. It contains 400 acres. Here he has lived and conducted his practice until 902 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. the -present time. The Doctor has a fine two-story residence, a good barn and other buildings. Together with an extensive practice he carried on farming. He was married in Franklin County, to Miss Elinor Brown, in 1846. She is the daughter of Benjamin Brown, of the same county, who came to Missouri in 1806. The family consists of eight children, all liv- ing: Adolph P., Nettie C, now Mrs. W. F. Jones, Elizabeth F., A. C, A. H., who is now at St. Louis attending medical lectures, J. W., Charles* dying when two years old; Ella, now Mrs. H. C. Conway, and Anna M. The Doctor and his family are members of the Christian Church. JOSEPH F. STAPLES, Prominent among the farmers of Lamonte Township, who from a small beginning have achieved almost unparalleled success, we present the name of Mr. J. F. Staples. He was born in Grange County, Va., May 9, 1846. His parents are both yet living in his native State. J. F. started out in life with a limited education and scanty means, and about the first work he did was in a machine shop; quitting this he then engaged in boring oil wells, in western Virginia. Hearing of the beautiful State of Missouri, possessed of vast and wealthy resources, he determined on going west, and in the fall of 1866 he came to this State and hired out to work on a farm by the month. After which he went to the State of Kansas; not liking the country, he returned to Pettis County, rented a farm and went to work in earnest and has been very successful. In 1870 he married Miss Sarah L. Routsong, a native of Missouri, and a daughter of C. Routsong, who is now makiqg her home with her daughter, and who is now eighty-two years of age, a native of Maryland, born in 1800. Mr. Staples now owns a fine farm of 186 acres of very choice land, with a good, comfortable house and a new barn, and a good young orchard.. He is one of the enterprising farmers and stock traders of his neighborhood. He has a family of four children, is a prominent member of Odd Fellows fraternity, and he and his worthy wife are acceptable members of the M. E. Church, South. M. K. SWOPE. Farmer. Prominent among the pioneer settlers of Pettis County, may be mentioned Mr. M. K. Swope, who was born in Pettis County, Mo.,. March 22, 1830. His father, Jesse Swope, was a native of Kentucky, and was born in the year 1814. He came to Missouri in a very early day and settled in Howard County, near Boonville, where he remained two years and then moved to Pettis County and settled on Heath's Creek. At this time, bears and panthers were numerous. His father continued to reside here until his death, his mother dying soon after. M. K. Swope, the sub- ject of this notice, was raised on a farm and educated in a log school house HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 90S with a dirt floor and slab seats. On the 22d day of December, 1852, he was married to Miss Elizabeth E. Handcock, daughter of John R. Hand- cock, one of the first settlers of Saline County. In the spring of 1853, Mr. Swope moved to his present farm, locating on the south fork of Blackwater. His farm contains 166£ acres of good land, all in cultivation except fifty acres of timber. Mr. Swope has always been a farmer, but has given considerable attention to the raising of mules and other stock. He has always been an earnest advocate of good schools and has served many years as school director. He has raised a family of nine children, all living, John M., J. R., Virginia M., Joseph T., William F., Francis H., Ella C, Adrain C. and Lulu E. Mr. Swope is a member of the M. E. Church, and Mrs. Swope is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. S. is kind and affable in his nature, a kind citizen and well respected. THOMAS TERRY. Farmer and breeder of fine stock. Mr. Terry owns a choice farm of two hundred and fifty-four acres of land in a high state of cultivation, with a good two-storv dwelling, with a good barn and out buildings. Mr. Terry was born in Bourbon County, Ky., Aug., 12, 1836. His father, Geo. S. Terry, was a also a native of the same State, born in 1812. Emi- grated to Missouri, 1836, and settled in Callaway County, where he died in 1843. His mother was from Kentucky, and was born in 1816. She is stillliving, and makes her home with her daughter. She raised a family of four boys and one girl. Thomas, who is the subject of this sketch, was principally raised in Callaway County. He learned the cabinet trade, at which he worked .about three years, after which he worked at the carpen- ter's trade, which he followed fourteen years. In 1869 he came to Lamonbe,, and embarked in the dry goods business and continued about eight years, during which time he served as Township Clerk. In 1878 he moved on his present farm and is regarded as one of the successful farmers, and is turning his attention to the breeding and raising of blooded cattle. Mr. Terry was married in Callaway County, in 1867, to Miss Nancy J. Ewing, daughter of Wm. Ewing. They have five children, Inez L., F. W., C. E., Nancy U. and Thomas L. Mr. Terry is one of the charter members of Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 296. ROBERT THOMPSON. Farmer and stock raiser. He has a fine farm containing one hundred and sixty acres of la'nd in a high state of cultivation, with a good, neat substantial residence, and a barn and other out buildings, also an orchard of choice trees. Mr. Thompson is a native of Butler County, Ohio. Born in 1833. He resided in his native county until 1861, when he moved to Indiana and settled in Clinton County, where he engaged in farming. 604 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. In 1870 he moved his family to Pettis County, Mo., and settled on his present farm. At this time there were .but few improvements on his place. Mr. Thompson has proved himself one of the model farmers of Lamonte Township. His course has shown what can be done by well directed energy. Although he has been quite an extensive corn grower, he has always managed to feed it on his farm. He has been very suc- cessful in the raising of hogs, always having the best. He takes the best of care of his stock, and his success is largely attributed to this. He was married to Sarah J. Lewis, of Butler County, Ohio, in 1860. She is a lady of fine domestic habits. They have two children living, Elmer E. and Anna M. Mr. Thompson's parents were originally from Pennsyl- vania, emigrating to Ohio in an early day. WILLIAM E. VAUGHAN. Among the successful formers and stock dealers of this township may be mentioned Mr. Vaughan, who commenced life in meager circumstances, and to-day owns a good farm of eighty acres, and a surplus of capital; although young, yet he has employed his time well. He is a native of North Carolina, and was born on the 22d day of June, 1845; he spent his youth on a farm, and when about fifteen years of age entered the Con- federate army and served three and one-half years, and participated in the memorable battles of Bull Run, Gettysburg, and other important ones. At the surrender of General Lee, he returned to his native State, (N. C.) and in 1872 he came to Pettis County, Mo., and engaged to work on a farm at $25 per month, which he continued for one year, when he was married to Miss Susan Routsong, in 1873. He then rented a farm, and in 1877 he moved to his present farm, since which time he has been farming and dealing in stock. He has a family of six children, viz: Joseph W., Eugene E., Mollie K., Lula B., Delia S. and Edna. He and his wife are prominent member of the M. E. Church, South. J. R. WADE. Merchant. Among the young and enterprising business men of Lamonte none stand higher in the estimation of the citizens than Mr. Wade, who is a native of Virginia, born January 17, 1852. He came to Missouri with his parents in 1859. His father, Wm. C. Wade, was origin- ally from Virginia. He emigrated to Missouri and first settled in Cooper County, where he remained until the year 1865, when he removed to Pettis County and settled on a farm near this place, where he continued to reside until his death in 1881. He was born in 1817. His tpother was forrrterly a Miss Ruckman, and died in March, 1882, at the residence of her son James, in Atchison County, this State. J. Reese Wade, the subject, was principally raised and educated in this State. He taught school for six HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. 905 months, after which he began the study of telegraphy ; he completed this in four months, and soon after was appointed agent of the M. P. R. R. Co., at this place, and continued in their employ fiom January 8, 1873, until Sept. 1, 1880, when he retired and embarked in the mercantile business, associating himself with J.J. Penquite. This partnership continued until July 24, 1881, when Mr. Penquite retired from the firm, since which time Mr. Wade has been sole proprietor. His store consists of a general stock. He is a fine salesman, and his popularity may be inferred by the success attending his career. He was married to Miss J. Price, of Lamonte. They have two children, Homer H. and babe unnamed. Mr. Wade is an Odd Fellow, and has held all of the offices in the subordinate lodge. DAVID WEIKAL. Among the prominent and successful farmers of Lamonte Township, we mention the name of Mr. Weikal, who is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born on the 9th day of November, 1843, and continued to reside in his native State until 1865, when he went to Ohio and stopped in Ash- land County, where he was married in 1867, to Miss Mary E. Moore, a native of Ohio. In the spring of 1870 he moved to Pettis County, Mo., and purchased 126 acres of raw prairie land, and commenced to make a farm, working a yoke of cattle the first year. He has kept adding to his farm until he now owns 360 acres of choice land, near the present town of Lamonte, with a good comfortable residence, and has just completed a fine large barn. He also has two large granaries. He is one of the most extensive wheat growers of this township, and the most suceessful flax raiser in the county. As an agriculturist he has few equals, as he now cultivates and controls over one thousand acres of land. He is very care- ful and systematical in his work, and has reduced his theories to actual practice. His machinery used is of the best manufacture. He is shrewd in his dealings, is possessed of great executive ability ; is an honorable gen- tleman ; is well known throughout this county, and is highly respected. He has an interesting family of boys and girls. JAMES S. WHITE. Present postmaster at Lamonte; was born in Armstrong County, Penn., in 1833. Received a select school and college education. His parents moved to New Castle, where he lived until 1862, when he moved to Petroleum Center, where he was a resident for twelve years. In 1859 he was married to Miss Sarah McCreary, of East Brook, Penn., a most esti- mable and worthy lady. Mr. White spent about four years in the upper oil region in the Bradford District, and served as postmaster at Red Rock three years. He also served as Deputy Grand Master of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of McKean County, four years, and two 906 HISTORY OF LAMONTE TOWNSHIP. years in Venango County, having at the time ten lodges under his juris- diction. In 1881 Mr. White moved his family to Lamonte, Mo., arriving in the month of July, and on December 5th, .of the same year, assumed the duties of postmaster, with his only daughter, Lulu, as assistant postmaster. She is a quiet, unassuming young lady, well qualified for the position she so nobly fills. Mr. and Mrs. White and Lulu are acceptable members of the M. E. Church. Mr. White has been an earnest worker in Church matters and Sabbath Schools. He is now Superintendent of the principal Sabbath School of this place. His long experience in Church and Sab- bath Schools renders him an efficient teacher. Mr. White is also the pro- prietor of a neat and well stocked hardware store. AS HER F. WIMER. Farmer. Was born in Highland County, Va., August 5, 1853. His father, who was also a native Of Virginia, and belonged to one of the first families of that State, was born in the year. 1819. His mother, who was born and reared in the same State emigrated' to Missouri with her husband in 1858, and spent the winter in Pettis County; then moved to Johnson County, where the}- remained until 1865. They then returned to Pettis County and settled on the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch, and where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred July 7, 1876, in Sumner County, Kan., where he was on a visit. His mother is still living and is making her home with her son, Asher F. He was reared on a farm, and now is one of the successful farmers and stock raisers of this County. He now owns a fine- farm of 196 acres, all in cul- tivation, with a fine two-story residence and a large and commodious barn. Mr. Wimer is a man of superior judgment and is very successful in every- thing he undertakes. He was married in 1875 to Miss Mary Craghead, who is the daughter of Robert Craghead, one of the pioneer settlers of this County. This union has been blessed by the birth of two children, Pauline. E. and Percy T. Mr. Wimer is a member of the Odd Fellows. He and his worthy wife are members of the M. E. Church. W. C. WISE. He keeps the principal livery stable in Lamonte. Was born in Mus- kingum County, O., October 25, 1835. He spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, and was educated at the public school. He continued to live in his native County until he attained his majority. When about eighteen years of age he learned the potter's trade, which business he fol- lowed until he came to Missouri in 1866 and located on Muddy Creek, where he worked at the pottery business for a number of years. In 1868 he embarked in the grocery trade. Disposing of this he engaged in farm- ing. In a short time he opened a tin shop in Lamonte. In the fall of 1870 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 907 he was appointed, postmaster of Lamonte. Holding this office two years he resigned. In 1880 he traded' his farm for a livery stable and stock, which business he is engaged in at the present time. Mr. Wise was mar- ried, in 1861 to Miss Nancy Jones. They have five children, Effie, Nettie, Harry, Willie and Clark. Mrs. Wise is a member of the M. E. Church. CHAPTER XVII.— DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. Introduction— Name— Organization— Configuration— Physical Features— Early Settlers- Agriculture— Stock Eaisiug— Some of the Notable Stock Farms— The Village of Dresden — Its Advantages — Incorporation-^— Law Suits — Schools — Churches — The Depot— Manufacture of Stoneware— Biographical. In the following few pages we shall briefly trace the history of Dresden Township, and though brief,' it is not without interest and value. It may be none of that tragic interest which centers in cities that have witnessed the fall of dynasties, and the institution of republics, or which have them- selves helped' to shape the destinies of the world, but it is a phenomenal one in that it marks the peculiar and distinctive features of Western progress. Its rise is not of that character which bears upon its surface none of the marks of permanency, but has taken place in obedience to those laws which insure permanency, and are of themselves a sufficient guarantee of future growth and prosperity. When business interests and prosperity once become factors in the popular opinion, then there is the promise and potency of substantial development. Such has charac- terized the brief history of this township. Where twenty years ago was unbroken prairie and the stillness that only broad acres may know, stands a town of three hundred inhabitants, and a country teeming with life and activity and the busy cares of an active life, and moving amidst the hum of numerous industries. In no land except the great West could such a wonder be. Name — Dresden Township takes its name from the town situated near its center. This probably was namedfrom the beautiful city of' Dresden the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, in the southern part of the Ger- man Empire. How this name came to be selected for this little western town is now hard to determine. The view that is obtained from its posi- tion is certainly fine. Looking to the east the " Queen City of the Prairies " is spread out in a splendid birds-eye view before one, and on the west and north a magnificent view of elegant farms stretches away as far as the eye can reach. Some one familiar with the brave little King- dom of Saxony, and wishing to remind the traveler of its beautiful capital, with its grand art galaries, the finest in all Europe, its great halls filled with a collection of- gems equalled only, by the famous vaults men- 908 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. tioned in the "Arabian Tales," and its magnificent churches and public buildings, gave the name Dresden to this little Missouri town, and by such it has since been known. Organization. — Dresden Township is one of the organizations of 1873. Until 1844 it had been part of Blackwater Township, but in that year when the lines were changed its territory was divided between Elk Fork and Mount Sterling. In the organization of 1873 it was laid out and given the name of Dresden, and the following boundaries describe its limits, includ-' ing all of township forty-six, range twenty-two, bounded as follows: com- mencing at the northeast corner of said township forty-six, range twenty- two, running thence west on township line to the northwest corner of same township; thence running south on range line to the ^southwest corner of same township; running thence east on the township line to the southeast corner of same township; running thence north on range line to the place of beginning. Its area comprises an exact congressional township. It is bounded on the north by Houstonia Township, on the east by Cedar and Sedalia townships, on the south by Prairie Township, and on the west by Lamonte township. It has 23,040 square acres, nearly all tillable land and well improved. Configuration of Land.— The town is situated principally on the divide between the two creeks, Big and Little Muddy, flowing respect- ively across its souther^ and northern portions. Along this divide is situated some of the most beautiful farming country in the county. It is high, rolling prairie, traversed nearly through its center by the Missouri Pacific Railroad, and contains some as desirable farms as there are to be found in Central Missouri. The southern portion of the township is crossed by the Muddy Creek and is, in consequence, more or less broken. Along this creek grows some of the finest timber in the county and its variety is varied, giving an abundant supply for all demands and uses. Also among the hills are valuable quarries of limestone and rock, which are worked for building purposes, and also in one or two places for the manufacture of lime. The Little Muddy finds its headwaters Jn the, north- western part of the township and joins its larger branch in Cedar Town- ship. These two streams afford water sufficient for stock in the dryest seasons, and gives good drainage to the land. In no place is it low or flat, but everywhere the prairie presents that beautiful rolling aspect, indicating the choice land and desirable position so much sought after by the thrifty farmer of to-day. Early Settlers. — As the present township was one of the latest formed in the county, and as it was part of three or four other townships before its own bounds were given, it is almost impossible to arrive at a correct list of its early settltrs. Some of those given as settlers of Black- HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 909 water, Cedar and Houstonia were in the borders of this township, and the amalgamation which the townships went through from the year 1844 to 1873, render the obtaining of a detailed and correct list of the early set- tlers impossible. However, as the early history of this is so closely con- nected with its neighboring townships, its early history so closely identi- fied, and its growth so neai-ly like theirs that this is really immaterial. A few of its early settlers are, Mr. Benton Rees, who came to the township in 1840, and is a native of Missouri and still lives in the township; James H. Combs came from Kentucky in 1845; Jefferson Dejarnett is a native of Missouri, and is perhaps the oldest settler in the township, coming to it over fifty years ago; Peter Courtney came with his father in 1839 from Kentucky, and is at present living in the town of Dresden, conducting his farm near the town. RESIDENCE OF JOSHUA GENTRY, DRESDEN, MO. Agriculture and Stock-raising. — For the pursuit of farming, few parts of the State surpass the central. It has every advantage that could be wished, and that is sought after by the enlightened husbandman of the nineteenth century. In no part of the State can be found a more favor- able spot than Pettis County, and in no part of the county is there better advantages than in Dresden Township. Penetrated nearly through its center by one of the finest lines of railroad in the west, its advantages for shipping its surplus products are all that could be wished. Among the prominent farmers and stock-raisers is Joshua Gentry, owning a splendid farm just east of the town. On this farm he has a flock of 560 finely graded Merino and Southdown sheep. G. W. Ewers, in the southwest- 45 910 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. ern part of the township, has 300 fine Merino sheep on his, farm. Peter Courtney keeps a flock of seventy-five of the finest blood Merinos > ,and there art' greater or less numbers of sheep kept by nearly all the farmers. Henry Elliott has a splendid farm in the western part of the township ; J. A. Per- singer and Mentor Thomson and Joel B>. Gentry, in the northern part, each have splendid estates and fine stock. Mr. Gentry has, on his farm the celebrated Denmark saddle and harness horses, and Short-horn and Rose of Sharon cattle. His stallions comprise Denmark Chief, Den- mark, Jr., and Kennett Chief, a two-year-old. Denmark Chief is^one of the most celebrated horses in the State., He was formerly owned by N. Longworth, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was purchased at a cost of $5,000. He is a dark bay, fifteen hands and three inches high. His pedigree runs back to some of the finest strains of horses in the old world. He has been exhibited in the rings of the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, and has never left the ring without a ribbon, He was awarded the first premium in 1874, at the St. Louis Exposition, in a ring open to the world. Denmark, Jr., was sired by Denmark Chief, and is almost his complete counterpart. His pedigree by his dam runs to Messenger, and he is one of the fastest saddle horses in any gait in the State. He is seven years old, and when two years old he took first premium at the St. Louis Exposition, in a ring where there were thirty-two colts shown. Kennett Chief is a two-year-old full brother to Denmark, Jr. The herd of twenty-five full blood cattle kept on this farm is headed by Burnheart, a two-year-old bull, of the Rose of Sharon breeds, purchased of the Messrs. Leonards, of Saline County, at a cost of $500. TOWN OF DRESDEN. Dresden was laid out in the spring of 1863, by Agee and Thos. J. Les- ter. It comprises an eighty-acre lot, and was evenly divided between the two gentlemen, each taking forty acres. It is situated on the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section twenty-one, and the northwest quarter of, the southwest quarter of section twenty-two,, township number forty-six, range twenty-two. Mr. Agee came from Kentucky and Mr. Lester from Virginia. The former now lives in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and the latter still resides in the village which he founded. The town is situated on the main line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad,, and has consid- erable importance as a shipping and trading point. In the midst of a fertile agricultural and stock-raising region, it has but one drawback, that, of being so near Sedalia, whose overshadowing business influence reaches into, the country that should be tributary to this village, and: draws the greater portion of the trade to herself. While Dresden was the terminus of the railroad it was a business point of considerable importance,, but when the railroad was extended, its business push and enterprise went HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 911 with it to a large extent. The Missouri Pacific Railway was finished to the town in 1863, and it remained the terminus for nearly a year. In its young days it enjoyed the reputation of being one qf the largest shipping points on the road, but since it has been left behind by the larger towns around it, it has lost its prestige, and now ranks only third or fourth in point of shipping and trade in the county, and from a village of five hun- dred inhabitants, it has dwindled to 300. But at this it steadily holds its own. It is losing nothing, and as the country grows richer around it its business cannot fail to improve. At the time Of its best days, some of the strongest firms that have done business in the county were interested here. Among them were Nussburg, Clony & Crawford, Sanfelter, and others. Bard & Miller also built a business house here, but did not move their stock, displaying their good judgment in putting their trust in Sedalia. The town was incorporated about 1866, and the first Board of Trustees were Dr. T. P. McCluney, D. D. Armes, now of Sedalia, and Wm. Bar- rett, also a resident of Sedalia at this time. The city government was run about two years, when some parties resisted the taxes. A law-suit was the result, and the town government was, in consequence, abandoned. The following is a copy of a receipt for poll tax given under the govern- ment as it was organized: "Town of Dresden: This is to certify that T. P. McCluney has paid in cash road-tax in the town of Dresden, "Mo., for the year 1868, and is entitled to a credit in poll tax, $1.50, this day of February 11, 1868. D. D. Armes, , Town Supervisor." Schools.— It is a proud feature of the village of Dresden that it has a good school and able teachers. It can be made far more effective by an enthusiastic working together of both Board of Education and teachers. Either, without the co-operation of the other, will always be ineffective, and to secure the best results neither labor nor money should be spared. The first school building was a frame one, and was erected by John and W. Agee, about 1860, before any town of Dresden had been located. The same building is now used for school purposes, but it has been •enlarged to accommodate the increasing demands made upon it. William Warren was an able teacher of the place, and he now resides at Iona, in this county. James M. Bigby, a Mr. Summers and wife were also among the early teachers. The building now used is a one-story house with two departments. Some of the recent teachers were Prof. A. A. Neal and wife. Prof. Neal was formerly principal of the Georgetown Academy, and now resides on his farm at Lincoln, Benton County. Also, of late years, there have been employed Mr. Ross, Mrs. T. P. McCluney and Mrs. J. M. Lee. The last year (18S1-2) the school has been under the supervision of Miss Olive Wharton, of Sedalia, and Mrs. J. H. Cook, of Dresden. 912 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. There are in all five schools in the township, all in a flourishing condition, paying from thirty-five to forty-five dollars per month wages, and holding school from four to seven months in the year. The school houses are frame and comfortably furnished. Churches. — In the township there are six church organizations. Of these, perhaps the oldest organized one is that of the Christian denomina- tion, which has had a continuous organization for thirty-three" years. The Christian Church of Dresden was organized in 1849, by Elder John De Jarnett, about three miles southeast of the place where Dresden now stands. After the late war the church was moved to the town of Dresden, and for a number of years the congregation held worship in the school house. In 1880 they erected a commodious frame house of worship on the corner of Agee and Third streets, at a cost of $1,000. In 1881 it was dediacted by S. K. Hallam, of Windsor, Missouri. The building is twenty-five by forty feet, with fifteen foot ceiling, and has seats so arranged as to comfortably contain about 400 persons. The aisles and pulpit are carpeted. The pastors who have had charge of the congrega- tion are, Elders John De Jarnett, George W. Longan, Thomas Handcock, O. Spencer, J. B. Wright, Banjamin Stephens, W. J. Frost, S. K. Hallam, E. M. Berry and George Plattenburg. The original members were, A. Haggard and wife, A. Shobe and wife, J. C. Donahue and wife, H. P. Gray and wife, A. J. Courtney and wife, Henry Anderson and wife, Thos. Parks and wife, Mrs. Combs, Peter Courtney and wife, B. McVoy and wife, Mrs. S.' B. Hass, Wm. Agee and wife, Wm. Dodson and wife and Mrs. Carrington. The present membership is seventy-five, and they sup- port a flourishing Sunday School, of which Peter Courtney is Superin- tendent and Miss Mollie B. Oppertt is Secretary. There have been large additions to the church since it was first organized, many, however, going into new organizations as the country settled up. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Dresden was organized in January, 1866, by William R. McKee, and in 1869 the congregation had grown sufficiently strong to erect a house of worship in connection with the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination. The building was dedicated by L. M. Vernon. In this building the congregation continued to worship until 1879, when it was partially destroyed by a storm, and was taken down, the Presbyterians taking their share of the material and the Meth- odists theirs, the latter purchasing the former's interest in the lot, and pro- ceeded to erect thereon their present commodious church, which was finished in 1879, and dedicated on November 9th of that year by Benjamin St. James Fry, D. D., Editor of the Central Christian Advocate, at St. Louis. Rev. L. M. Vernon, who dedicated the first building, is now Superintendent of Missions at Rome, Italy. The present house of worship HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 913 is finished on the inside in Gothic style, is comfortably seated and lighted, and has a good organ. The building was erected under the supervision of Rev. J. K. Tuttle, and is a frame,. costing $1,200. It is twenty-rive by forty-two feet, with seventeen-foot ceiling. The pastors who have filled its pulpit are, Revs. Wm. R. McKee, W. W. Powell, Jas. K. Sassen, S. Ing, A. P. Colton, J. H. Leese, J. F. Corrington, Wm. Stephens, Wm. Demott, C. J. W. Jones, F. Oechsli, R. H. Hanson, and at present J. K. Tuttle. The original members were John Shriver, Nancy Shriver, Libbie Shriver, Wm. M. Shriver, James H. Conner and T. P. McCluney. The present membership of the church is fifty, and in connection they have an interesting Sunday School numbering over sixty. scholars, under the super- vision of T. P. McCheney, and of which J. H. Cook is Secretary. The church is now in a flourishing condition, and has had a steady growth from the time of its organization, although at times the opposition seemed about to succeed, yet they have never succumbed for a single Sabbath, and the congregation is on a better footing now than it has been since it was organized. The Baptist Church of Dresden was organized by J. Letts, J. Q. Bridges, D. P. Morris, S. Bradbury, E. H. Burchfield, John Kingston, J. H. Denton, with the following original members : L. W. Whipple, John M. Agee; R. E. Walker, M. F. Whipple, Mrs. Agee, Mrs. Thompson. The congregation in 1871-72 erected a commodious frame house of wor- ship, at a cost of $1,671.26, which was dedicated May 4, 1872, by Rev. G. J. Johnson. The pastors who have occupied the pulpit have been, Revs. L. W.' Whipple, E. T. Brown, J. Gott, B. T. Thomas, Rev. Webb, J. Box and J. K. Godby. The present membership numbers thirty-eight. The church membership has fluctuated considerably, owing to the fact that many members have not been permanently located in the vicinity. They have had some very interesting revivals, and the ministers have been men always zealous in the cause of Christ. Prairie Chapel Church is located about four miles northwest of the village of Dresden, and the congrega.ion was organized in 1876, by Rev. W. W. Brawnin. In 1877 the present house of worship was erected at a cost of $850.00, and was dedicated in 1878 by Rev. J. Longan. The church is of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination. The pastors who have occupied the pulpit are Revs. James Longan and G. W. Mat- thias. The original members of the church were E. E. and Louisa J. Shacklett, Lucy J. Shacklett, Wm. A. Kells, Robert Kells, Ann J. Kells, Julia Kells, James Winningar, Catharine Winningar, Robert Armstrong, Nancy Armstrong and Lorenzo Starkey. The present membership is thirty-two. In connection there is a live Sunday-School with forty-two scholars. J. R. Shacklett is Superintendent. The elders of the church are J. R. Shacklett and M. F. Shacklett. Wm. A. Kells, Clerk. 914 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. The Railroad Business. — Dresden derives its principal business importance from it being the shipping point of a rich agricultural and stock-raising region. Its average annual shipments by car loads are : Cattle forty-five, hogs twenty-two, horses one, wheat twenty-five, oats seven, corn forty-two, rye one, flax seed two, fence posts one, walnut logs one. Total 147. Average receipts per year of freight in tons, fifty. Cash receipts, $8,250.00. The agents who have been stationed here are, Mr. Smith, W. Morrow, Mr. Levins* W. Longan, Thos. Mitchum, F. Winters, E. Johnson, Mr. Barney, J. O. Jones, Geo. ImhofF, W. D. Wade, R. A. S. Wade. Potteries. — Of these there are two in the town and they are the most important manufacturing industry of the village. Thomas Ebey estab- lished the first one in 1866 and has run it continuously since. Cook & Lane established about three years ago and by the quality of ware they produce are building up a nice trade. They each produce about the same amount ot stoneware, 20,000 gallons per annum, and ship it to Sedalia and to the west. The clay is found on what is known as the Richmond farm, three miles north of Dresden. It is first-class stoneware clay, and the ware finds a ready sale. Mr. Ebey also manufactures a superior article of drain tile which ranks in the market superior to the St. Louis article. J. T. ARNOLD. The subject .of this sketch was born in Howard County, Mo., in 1836. His grand-father, Price Arnold, came to Howard County, Mo,, from Ken- tucky in 1811. He had to cut his way through the wilderness from St. Charles to where he laid his claim in the eastern part of Howard County. He returned to Kentucky and brought his family out, and cleared eleven acres that fall. His family consisted of his wife and three children. His wife was Elizabeth Pipes, and the children John, Mark and Polly. He died when about fifty-five years of age. Mr. Arnold, the subject of this sketch, had an old family Bible, containing the record of the family, but had the misfortune to lose his house by fire, and the Bible was destroyed. Therefore, it is impossible to get the dates exactly. John, the father of J. T. Arnold, was born in Kentucky, three miles from Danville, on Christ- mas day, 1796, and came to Missouri with his family in the fall before he was fifteen years old. In the summer time the family had to live in the fort on account of the Indians. They garrisoned at Fort Hemstead, and they could only muster thirty men, and when they were gone the women and the old men had to guard the fort. He lived on the farm where his father settled until his death, which occurred January 30, 1870. He mar- ried Katie Head, of Howard County, daughter of John Head, who also came from Kentucky. She died about 1840, leaving nine children, Mat- thew, Mark, Milton, Wm, Finis S., John, Price, J. T. and Annie E. He HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 915 was married in 1842 to Mrs. Margaret Head. They had one child, Jesse H. Mr. Arnold's second wife is still alive, and is living with her son Jesse in California. Four of the brothers are dead, Matthew, Milton, Wm. and John. There was at one time in the Arnold family persons named after the four writers of the Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John Luke was the son of a colored woman, owned by the family. J. T. Arnold, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest of the boys by his father's first wife. He went to Linn County in 1859 and lived about a year. He then came to Pettis County, being at that time twenty-four years of age. He was married on the 5th of January, 1861, to Miss Sarah E. Donnohue, of Pettis County, daughter of J. C. and Ellen Donnohue. She was born on Christmas day 1840, and died Dec. 27, 1880. There are seveu children, three boys and four girls, Mary Ella, Wm. F., John H., Sarah Ada, Joseph D., Emma K. and Lulu Gertrude. Mary Ella was married in Jan., 1881, to James L. Brown. The rest of the children live at home, except Lulu Gertrude, who died in infancy. Mr. Arnold has 185 acres of fine limestone land, 150 acres in cultivation, lying south of Big Muddy, and six miles west of Sedalia. His post-office is Dresden. Mr. Arnold is a member of the Christian Church, and his wife was also a member of the same church. DR. DAVID F. BROWN. He was born in Davidson County, N. C, Oct. 22, 1845, and at the age of fourteen left his native county, and with his parents lived in different parts of the country. In 1865 he came to Missouri, and after one year's resi- dence, returned to his native State, where he remained till 1870, when he returned to Missouri and settled in the beautiful little town of Dresden, and engaged in business with his brother, Dr. J. A..C. Brown, now of Sedalia. The subject of this sketch attended medical lectures at St. Louis and graduated in the spring of 1873, commencing the practice of his pro- fession at Dresden, where he has since received a large partronage. He was married in 1874 to Virginia E. Shultz, daughter of R. A. Shultz, Esq. She is a native Of North Carolina, though principally raised in this State. The Doctor engaged in the mercantile business in 1874 with Jacob Thomas, and continued till 1879, when Mr. Brown opened a general store for himself. He also owns a farm of 320 acres, dealing quite extensively in stock, and growing corn and wheat. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are worthy members of the M. E. Church, South. JAMES BROWN. Was born in Clark County, Indiana, on the 26th day of December, 1823. He was the son .of John D. Brown and Eleanor Brown. His father was born in New York, and his mother was a native of Kentucky. When 916 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP- James was about sixteen years of age his parents moved to Howard County, Indiana, where they lived until their death. His mother died at the age of eighty-three years. His. father was killed many years before by a team running away with him. James Brown was married on the 10th of April, 1S50, to Miss Phoebe Odell, of Carroll County, Indiana. She was born, Nov. 26, 1826, and was the daughter ofWm. Odell and Mary Odell. Mr. Odell was a native of North Carolina, and Mrs. Odell was born in Virginia. In 1856 Mr. Brown moved to Minnesota and settled in that State. He lived there until 1865, when he moved to Missouri and bought a farm five miles west of Sedalia. He lived on this farm until his death, which occurred on the 1st day of May, 1880. His widow sti 1. lives on the farm. Her youngest son, Milo H. Brown, is still at home, and is managing the farm. He was born, March 19, 1856. The other children, four in number, were born as follows: John D., Dec. 25, 1846. He is living in Sedalia. Richard, July 17, 1848. He lives in Lyon County, Kansas. Wm. Henry, Feb. 19, 1852. He died while the family were moving to Minnesota. James L. Brown, June 11, 1854. He lives near Green Ridge, in this county. John D. and Richard are the children of Mr. Brown's first wife, Mrs. Sarah Brown. All the children are mar- ried. Milo, who lives on the old homestead was married on the 26th day' December, 1878, to Miss Mollie Quisenberry, of this county. They have two children, Walter and Ray. Mr. Brown was a member of the Christian Church for twenty years before his death. His widow is a mem- ber of the same church. PETER COURTNEY. He was born in Shelby County, Ky., June 25, 1836, son of Peter Court- ney, an early sejtler of that State. He married Miss Rhoda Quisenberry, whose father emigrated to Missouri in the fall of 1839. In the spring of 1840 he moved near Independence, Jackson County. In the spring of 1849, he and two sons started for California, on which trip he contracted a disease and died shortly after reaching California. A portion of the time the subject of this sketch lived in Jackson County, making a trip to New Mexico in 1854. In the fall of 1855 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Bracht. In 1864 he took a trip to Oregon and Idaho. He assisted in laying out the town of Dresden. Since that time he has been engaged in farming, dealing in stock and grain. He has a fine farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres, of which ninety acres are under cultivation. He has a family of nine children living: J. W., now in business in Sedalia; L. P., Thomas L., Carrie S., Mary C. (deceased), H. Hugh, Elizabeth N., Ennis, H. C. and Katie, Mr. and Mrs. Courtney have been worthy members of the Christian Church since 1855. HISTORY OK DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. ' 917 JOHN M. ELLIOTT, M. D. Was born Sept. 25, 1830, in Washington County, Penn., and is the son of Abraham and Nancy E. Elliott. His mother's maiden name was Blake- way. They were both natives of Pennsylvania. John M., the subject of this sketch, was educated in his native county, attending Prosperity High School for two years, and for two years more pursued his studies under private tutors. In 1851 he engaged in teaching, which he continued to the beginning of the war. At the call for men to defend the government he enlisted in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, which was known through- out the Army of the Cumberland as the " Anderson Cavalry," so called from its Colonel, John William Anderson. He served until 1864 when his health failed him, and he was discharged by reason of this disability. Before entering the army he had begun the study of medicine, and after coming home he continued reading with Dr. D. W. Braden, of Waynes- burg, Greene County, Pa. He attended lectures at Cleveland Medical College, Cleveland, O., and began practicing in 1866, in Marshall County, West Virginia. He remained in this county six years, and then moved back to his native county, where he continued in active practice until Sept. 18, 1881. Leaving his large and lucrative practice in Pennsylvania he came to Missouri and engaged in farming. Mr. Elliott has been twice married, the first time on Dec. 1, 1864, to Rachel C. Braden, who died, Oct. 1, 1869. By this union they had three children, only one of whom is living, Charles Norton, aged fourteen years. On March 4, 1871, Dr. Elliott married his present wife. Her maiden name was Nancy E. Steele. They have had three children, two of whom are living, Walter L., aged ten, and John M., aged five years. Mr. Elliott is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and has held the office of N. G. and Past Worthy Patriarch. He is at present a member of Hopewell Lodge, No. 504, of Claysville, Washington County, Pa. In September, 1881, Dr. Elliott came to Pettis County, Mo., and in connection with his nephew, D. W. Elliott, also a native of Pennsylvania, purchased the beautiful two hundred and six acre farm just southwest of Dresden, where they now reside. Mr. Elliott is a true type of the enterprising eastern farmer and business man, and in his new home is fast winning friends among his neighbors. WILLIAM Y. EVANS. He is a native of Tennessee, born in Sumner County, May 16, 1825. His father, Wm. Evans, was a native of North Carolina, and was one of the original proprietors of Leesburg. He removed to Tennesse and then to Missouri in 1841, and settled in Hickory County, near Warsaw, where he continued to reside till he came to his son's present farm. His mother died Oct. 20, 1858. Youthful Wm. Y. spent his days on the farm- 918 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. He was married to Miss Ellen S. Nance, of St. Clair County, Mo., daugh- ter of Edmund Nance. She died Jan. 31, 1881. Their daughter, Mary Ardella, born Nov. 21, 1852, married James M. Agee, 1868, and died Feb. 6, 1876. JOEL B. GENTRY. The subject of this sketch was born in Pettis County, Mo., April 8, 1855. His father, Major Wm. Gentry, was a native of Howard County, Mo., born April 14, 1818, and settled about five miles north of the present site of Sedalia in 1824. In 1840 Major Gentry was married to Miss Anna R. Major, daughter of Lewis R. Major, of Pettis County. In 1846 he purchased and settled upon the farm where he now resides, two miles northwest of Sedalia. By this union there were eight children, of which Joel B. is the fifth. His early boyhood was spent upon his father's farm and attending school, the principal time at Georgetown Academy, then the leading school in the county. His education was finished at Prof. Kemper's school at Boonville, where he graduated from the Scientific Department in 1873, standing high in a class of forty. After leaving school he returned to his father's farm, where he remained until 1875, when he took charge of his present home, "Locust Grove Farm." This consists of 1,143 acres, of which 1,000 acres is in splendid grass pasture. When Mr. Gentry took charge of the property it was littte more than a wild prairie, but under his careful management it has risen to one of the finest estates in the county, with convenient and substantial barns and out- buildings for the housing of fine stock raised on the farm; pasture laid oft in eighty and one hundred acre lots and divided by neat board fences and growing hedges, and supplied by wells of living water and ponds fed by living springs. On this farm he keeps one of the finest herds of cattle in the county, consisting of twenty-five full-blood Short-horns and Rose of Sharons, to which "Burnheart," a two year-old thoroughbred, was added this season at a cost of $500; a stud of fine saddle and harness horses, of which Denmark Chief stands at the head, and pure blood Berkshire hogs. He annually feeds and ships from 300 to 400 head of stock cattle, leases 800 acres of land, on which he grows 500 acres of corn, 200 acres of wheat, and fifty acres each of rye and oats. To farm this land he keeps over forty head of work horses and mules, and men enough to run them. Mr. Gentry unites with his natural adaptation to farming, his experience of having been raised on the farm, his thorough education, his advanced views and ideas, and these have enabled him to make the business not only pleasant but profitable. He is associated in the stock business with his father, Major William Gentry, and T. J. Wallace, under the firm name of Joel B. Gentry & Co. Locust Grove Farm is located eight miles north- west of Sedalia. Mr. Gentry is one of the most enterprising young men HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 91£ of the county. He is unmarried, but entertains his friends at his beautiful home in a truly royal manner. A native of Missouri, he is proud of his birth-place, and as the years roll on there is a grand field for future useful- ness spread out before him. JOSHUA GENTRY. Farmer; post-office, Dresden, Mo. Was born in Marion County, Mo., May 21, 1836. He is the son of Joshua Gentry, Sr., and grandson of Richard Gentry, of Madison County, Kentucky. His mother's maiden name was Miss Adaline Henry, a native of North Carolina. Joshua Gentry, Sr., died in February, 1863, aged sixty-seven years. He was a man of indomitable will and great energy, and figured as one of the leading men in building the Hannibal and St. Joe Railroad across the State, being President of the Board of Directors of the company for a number of years. Above all others, he was the instrument that pushed the road through to its completion. When the line was graded a few miles at each end the company failed, and Mr. Gentry recognizing the vast value that it would be to the State, determined not to let the project die out. In accordance with his plans, he made two or three trips to Bos- ton, got eastern capitalists interested, was largely instrumental in securing aid from the State, and pushed the road through. For nearly twenty years he represented his county in the General Assembly of the State. He was the first Sheriff of Marion County, being appointed when the State was admitted, by the Governor. A man of wonderful business foresight and capacity, he built for himself a fortune. He resided from 1817, until the time of his death, on his farm near Hannibal, where his wife still resides. The subject of this sketch was educated in the schools of Palmyra, Mo., principally at the Baptist College. When he left school he came to Pettis County, Mo., in 1855, and purchased a small tract of land just east and adjoining where Dresden now stands, and he has added to it until he now has 600 acres, all enclosed and in cultivation and pastures. He has been married twice, the first time in 1855 to Amanda Haggard, who died in 1870. By this union they had six children : three boys and three girls, named respectively, Clay, Andrew, William, Anna, Bina and Amanda. Clay and William are in Colorado, Anna married. Thomas Glasscock, and now lives in Ralls County, this State; Bina lives with her grandmother in this county. Two are at home, Andrew and Amanda. Aug. 1, 1871, he was again married to Miss Olive Shaw, of Pettis County. This marriage has been blessed with one child, Richard, a bright boy of eight years. Mr. Gentry served during the war in the State Militia, and during a great part of the time was engaged on special duty, rendering very important service on several occasions. He takes an active interest in the progress of farming in this county, keeps on his 920 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. place 500 fine Merino sheep, and has an elegant home, surrounded with all the comforts of life. A view of his elegant home appears on page 909 this volume. JAMES L. HULL. Post-office, Dresden. Mr. Hull was born in Franklin County, Mo., in 1851. He is the son of J. C. and Mahala Hull. Mr. Hull's parents moved to Johnson County, Mo., when he was about five years old, and settled near Columbus. After living there about twelve years they moved to Morgan County, Mo., and are now living ten miles east of Versailles. Mr. Hull was married on the* 23d day of December, 1880, to Mrs. Dotie. Gentry of Pettis County, and has lived here since that time. They have one child, Lillie Lee Hull. Mr. Hull is engaged in farming and stock raising. He is a worthy member of Ionia Lodge, Morgan County, Missouri. Mrs. Hull is the daughter of Andrew and Mary A. Haggard. She was married on the 23d of August, 1866, to J. C. Gentry. There were two children born to them, Charles C. and Mary B. Mr. Gentry was born in Marion County, Mo., in 1843. He was the son of Col. Joshua and Adaline Gentry. Col. Gentry was at one time president of the Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad. J. C. Gentry came to Pettis County in 1866, and settled five miles west of Sedalia. He spent most of his time on the farm and raising stock. He was four years in the army during the war. He was in Company E, 3d Missouri Volunteers. His death occurred July 15, 1878. JAMES M. LEE. Farmer; one-half mile west of Dresden. Was born in Canada, Oct. 28, 1843. His parents were John and Mary A. Lee, both natives of Canada. With his parents he came to Indiana and settled in La Porte County, in 1862. The subject of this sketch was principally educated in the com- mon schools of Canada and Indiana. Fie came to Missouri in March, 1872, and purchased the place where he now resides, which contains 178 acres, nearly all in cultivation. Mr. Lee was married April 14, 1871, to Miss Eunice M. Clark, of La Porte County, Ind. They have one child, Kingsley C, aged six years. Mr. Lee is a member of Lamonte Lodge, No. 296. He is an enterprising farmer and has one of the best arranged and carefully managed farms in the county, and is a pleasant, sociable gentleman. STEPHEN T. LUPE. Post-office, Lamonte. Mr. Lupe was born in Louisville, Ky., April 23, 1848, and is the son of James H. and Annie E. Lupe. They moved to St. Louis when the subject of this sketch was about ten years of age, where his father still lives. Mr. Lupe was married on Oct. 13, 1869, to HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 921 Miss Mary S. Hood of St. Louis, a most estimable lady. Through this union they have six children, viz.: Annie, James, Lizzie L., Maud, Mar- garet and Cleo. Mr. Lupe came to Pettis County in March, 1870, and has lived here since that time. He has a magnificent farm of seven hun- dred and fifty-one acres of land, lying half way between Dresden and Lamonte. It is one of the finest and best improved farms in Pettis County. He is also an extensive stock-raiser and stock -dealer, and has a fine flock of pure Merino sheep. He also has a large lot of sheep near Garnett, Kansas. Among the illustrations in this work is a view of "'Fair View," Mr. Lupe's fine residence, which is a large two story frame building situated on a level tract and surrounded by trees and shrubbery. Through the center of the house there is a large hallway, with conveniently arranged rooms on either side. The square portion of the house was built by Rob- ert Saterwhite in 1856. It was planned and framed in Louisville, Ky. T and brought to St. Louis by boat, then up the Missouri River to Arrow Rock, also by boat, then by ox-team to this site. The eastern portion of the house was built by Mr. Lupe in 1871 . Mr. Lupe purchased his farm of Wm. P. Pari* in March, 1870. Mr. Lupe is one of the most enterpris- ing and successful farmers of the county. His warm heart and genial social nature is a marked characteristic; not only to friends and neighbors is his open-handed generosity extended, but also to strangers he exhibits those qualities which raises man so high among his fellows. A view of his residence appears on page 459. DR. T. P. McCLUNEY. The subject of this sketch was born in Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia, Jan. 25, 1836. His father, John P. McCluney, is a native of Pennsylvania, but went to Virginia when sixteen years of age. The Doc- tor's mother was born and lived in Wellsburg. They emigrated to Mis- souri in 1843, first settling in Hazel Hill township, Johnson Count)', where his father resided till his death, which occurred in September, 1865. In 1873 the mother, who is still living, removed to this county. He studied medicine, taking a course of lectures at St. Louis, where he graduated in the spring of 1860. He then settled in Pettis County eight miles north of Windsor, after which he came to the neighborhood of Dresden, and when Dresden was laid out he moved to the town, where he has since been suc- cessfully engaged in the practice of medicine. He was married to Miss Mary M. McClung in 1866. She died in 1873, leaving two children, viz.: Mary L. and Maud E. In 1874 he married his present wife, Mrs. Mary C. Smalley, daughter of Rev. J. K. Tuttle, a prominent minister of the M. E. Church. Dr. McCluney is a man of literary and cultivated taste, tak- ing a lively interest in social and religious circles. 322 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. WM. H. MORRIS. Merchant, Dresden. Was born in Philadelphia, Penn., August 30, 1831, and is the son of Andrew M. and Jane Morris, both natives of Lan- cashire, England, who came to this county in 1829. Jane Morris' maiden name was Hampson. When five years of age, the subject of this sketch came with his- parents to Ohio* and settled in Noble County, where he attended the public schools and assisted his father on the farm until his twenty-first year, when he engaged in selling goods for his uncle, Wm. Morris, a woolen goods manufacturer at Steubenville, Ohio, for six years. After this he taught school in Noble County for a time. In 1859 he •engaged in mercantile' business at Crooked Tree, Noble County, for four years, and then moved to Crumtown, the same county, where he entered into partnership with his brother John. They sold goods and purchased tobacco for one year. They then- sold their stock and engaged in saw- milling and. drilling oil mills in Washington County, Ohio. In 1866 Wm. Morris moved to Missouri and settled in Pettis County, one and one-half miles from Dresden, where he engaged in farming for four years. He then sold his place and, moved to this town, where he engaged in mercan- tile business until 1876. During this time he purchased a flouring mill and moved it to Boonville, where he went to attend to this business and left his Dresden store in charge of a clerk. In the fall of 1881 Mr. Mor- ris returned to Dresden, having rented his Boonville property, where he now resides and carries on his business as merchant. Mr. Morris has been twice married; the first time to Miss Hanna Lock of Steubenville, Ohio, on Sept. 9, 1856. Mrs. Morris died about fifteen months after their marriage. They had one son, Edwin, who died in infancy. • On May 8, 1859, Mr. Morris married Miss Martha J. Smithson of Washington County, Ohio. This marriage has been blessed with nine children, seven •of whom are living, viz.: Mary E., born May 8, 1860; Sadie, born Aug. 26, 1861; Richard N., born Aug. 16, 1863; Carrie,, born Feb. 12, 1868; Mat- tie, born Aug. 29, 1870;, Walter H. and Alice Gertrude, born June 24, 1877 ; John and William died in infancy. Mr. Morris was postmaster of Dresden from 1870 until 1876, has also been Justice of the Peace and a member of the school board for a number of years. He is a Master Mason and has held the office of Secretary of this Lodge a number of terms. In politics he has been a life-long Republican. ELIAS J. PAYN. Post-office, Dresden. Mr. Payn was born on the Island of Jersey, where his family has lived continually on the family farm, since the Norman Conquest. He was born, June 24, 1840. His father, Elias Payn, is still living in London, England. He is a contractor. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Le Boutillier. She died in England, Decern- HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. 923 ber 9, 1860. Mr. Payn's grandfather, Philip Payn, died three years ago on the Island of Jersey, in his eighty-eighth year. The family have held all the different offices of the State from time immemorial. Mr. Payn, the subject of this sketch, was married,. December 26, 1871, to Miss Asanath Bacheldor, the daughter of Samuel and T. Maria Bacheldor. They were married at Junction City, Kansas. Mr. Bacheldor was born in New York, and died at Leonidas, Michigan,, in 1862. Mrs. Bacheldor, whose maiden name was Osgood, was a native of Massachusetts. She died at Leonidas, Michigan. Mr. Bacheldor was born in 1818, and Mrs. Bacheldor in 1814. They were married at Parma, Monroe County, New York. Mr. Payn, the subject of this sketch,, came to America in June, 1863, and has been in the United States ever since. He has been a super- intendent and contractor all his life. He has been nearly all the time on public buildings and railroads. The last contract he had was putting up buildings and snowsheds on the Gunnison line of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. Mr. Payn lived in Jerse}' until 1853. He then went with his parents to the Island of Alderney, where his father was a con- tractor on the British forts. In 1859, they moved to England. Mr. Payn bought the farm where he now resides in 1876. There are two hundred acres, all under fence. It is half a mile south of the village of Dresden, on the M. P. R. R. Mr. Payn intends to make this farm his home, and. to use it exclusively as a stock farm. It is well supplied with living springs, and the land is fine mulatto soil, peculiarly adapted to blue grass. In politics Mr. Payn is a Republican. R. A. S. WADE. Agent and operator of the M. P. R. R. Co., at Dresden, is a native of Virginia, born in Highland County, Jan. 8,, 1848. He came with his par- ents to Missouri in 1859, stopping in Cooper County until 1865,, when they came to Pettis County. He received his education principally in the schools of Pettis County, and for fifteen months attended the State Univer- sity at Columbia in 187.3 and 1874, after which he returned to this county and for seven years taught school in this and Johnson Counties. He learned the art. of telegraphy at Lamonte, in this county, under, the instruc- tion of his brother, J. R. Wade, at that time operator at that place. He was then put in charge of the Company's office at Houstonia,, and after- wards transferred to Greenwood^ then to Knob Noster, and from thence to Dresden, which office he took charge of March 1st, 1881. Mr. Wade is an accomplished gentleman in his business, a pleasant and affable acquaintance, and a man who will make for himself friends,, wherever he goes. 924 HISTORY OF DRESDEN TOWNSHIP. C. V. WITCHER. Post-office, Hughesville. Mr. Witcher was born in Pettis County, Mo., in 1854. His father, W. A. Witcher, was a native of Virginia, being born in Pittsylvania County. Mrs. Witcher, the mother of C. V. Witcher, was born in Kentucky, near Lexington. W. A. Witcher came to Pettis County in 1848, and located at Georgetown. He came all the way from Virginia on horse-back. He is an attorney. At one time he edited a paper at Liberty, Mo. He was married to Miss Major, the daughter of R. and Elvira Major, of Pettis County, Mo. She is now the wife of Major Gentry, of this county. C. V. Witcher was married on the 26th of May, 1 880, to Miss Lillian M. Rucker, of Pettis County. She is the daughter of J. G. and Z. B. Rucker. They have lost their only child. They live seven miles northwest of Sedalia. Mr. Witcher has spent all his life on a farm, except two years that he lived in Sedalia ; a part of tha't time he was in the general office of the M. K . & T. R. R. ; the rest of the time he was in the grocery business. He is an enterprising and exem- plary farmer, taking pride and satisfaction in his chosen pursuit. ALBION WOOD. Farmer and stock dealer. He owns a farm of 333 acres of good land, all in cultivation. His residence is a large two-story building, situated upon a high and elevated spot, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. Mr. Wood is a native of Pettis County; born in July, 1844. His father, Clifton Wood, was a native of Virginia. His mother was from Kentucky. They emigrated to Missouri in a very early day, and settled at a point called Pin Hook Mills, where he was engaged in selling goods, after which he moved to Georgetown, then the county seat of Pettis County, where he remained for several years; then moved to Seda- lia, and became the president of the Citizens National Bank, which posi- tion he held at the time of his death in 1878. Mr. A. Wood's mother died in this county in 1845. Albion, the subject of our sketch, was prin- cipally reared and educated at Georgetown. He was engaged in selling goods in Sedalia for several years. In 1868 Mr. Wood moved to his present farm, situated in the corner of three townships, since which time he has been actively engaged in farming and dealing largely in stock, and is one of the successful stock men of his neighborhood. In 1868 he was married to Miss M. B. Lightfoot, of Sedalia, and the daughter of Wm. Lightfoot, Esq. The happy result of this union has been five children: Mary, Alma, Hortense, Linn and Dora. Mrs. Wood is a member of the Presbyterian Church. HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 925 CHAPTER XVIIL— CEDAR TOWNSHIP. Introduction— Name— Organization— Physical Features — First Settlers — Early Land Entries— Agricultural, and Stock Interests — Churches — Schools — Statistics— Inci- dents— Georgetown— Post-Office— Pin Hook— Early Marriages— First Justices— First Lawyers— Early Ministers— First Teachers— Biographical. There is a joy in every spot, Made known in days of old ; New to the feet, although each tale A hundred times he told. Cedar Township is one of the smallest of the county, but has a his- tory interesting and worth recording. History is the grand master key that opens to our view the past. In our sketch of Cedar Township will be found the name with its associations, the organization, and subsequent changes down to the present time, containing facts connected with the several eras of its development from a wild section, with a few settlers, to the present elegant and happy rural homes. The class of citizens within the bounds of this township are benevolent, generous, and prosperous, taking hold of every laudable enterprise that tends to elevate the moral and social status of the fireside. Name. — Objects and places become noted for their singular incidents and peculiar attractions. The name Cedar was applied to this township in the summer of 1877, probably, on account of the cedar shrubs which grew abundantly on Cedar Bluff", near the junction of Cedar Creek and Muddy. The cedar is an evergreen tree, cupressus, albies, and larix, remarkable for the durability of its wood, which has a fragrant odor. The Cedar of Lebanon, mentioned in the Bible, is the larix cedrus. The white cedar is . the cu-pressus thyoides. The township honors no man's name, but perpetuates the shrubs that once grew abundantly on the hill- sides. At one time this territory was within the bounds of Mt. Sterling township. Organization. — Cedar township contains thirty square miles, and lies in town forty-six, range twenty-one, and is bounded on the north by Longwpod, on the east by Bowling Green, on the south by Sedalia, and on the west by Dresden. Prior to 1872 this was included in Mt. Sterling township, which has been lost in the formation of other townships. The Legislature of Missouri, at its adjourned session, 1872, passed a law which was approved March 18, 1872, allowing counties the right to adopt township organizations, giving the County Court power to divide the counties into townships. By an order of court at the February term, 1873, " Township No. 7," Cedar, was created. 46 926 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. After the township law was repealed, in 1877, the County Court ordered that the municipal townships remain as they were, and that they be named instead of numbered, and on the seventeenth day of July, 1877, this town- ship was named Cedar, and bears the name to the present time. The voting precinct is at Georgetown. Some of the early Justices of the Peace were W. W. Cross, Thomas Wasson, Aaron Jenkins, James Ramey and Reuben E. Gentry. The last named was the first justice. When the last named individual was justice this was Saline County. Configuration. — In respect to the physical features the land is some- what rolling in every part of the township, but along the creeks it is very hilly and undulating, and some of its hillsides contain an abundance of limestone. Nearly the whole of the northern half is covered with a fine growth of timber. The soil is of a red and black loam, and is productive of good crops of fruits, corn and wheat. The largest stream is the Muddy, which rises in the southwest part of the township, making many turns in its course as it flows in a northeast- erly direction. Smelser flows from the northwest and unites with the Mudd}^ in the northern part of section four. This creek hears the name of one of the pioneer settlers, whose daughters cleared a small farm in the woods. Brushy is the name of a small stream in the southwestern part of the township, which takes its name from the abundance of brush along its course. Big Cedar is in the southeastern part of the township, and flows northwest until it reaches a point north of the old village of George- town, where it moves directly north until it unites with the Muddy. The little stream is quite shallow and contains some beautiful shoals. Little Cedar rises near the northern limits of Sedalia and flows north, uniting with Big Cedar just north of Georgetown. Reed's Branch rises near the eastern part of the township and flows northwest and unites with the Muddy in the southern part of section four. This township has some excellent rock quarries. Mrs. J. W. Wool- dridge has some limestone quarries which she has leased for the past few vears. Richard W. Gentry's land contains some excellent stone deposits. Besides fine lime rock, he has a good quarry of brown and gray saindstone which will, no doubt, prove to be of great value in the future. On the farm of Maj. Wm. Gentry a living spring furnishes his large pond with water, even in the driest seasons. The land of the township is naturally well drained. The little creeks all flow in a northerly direc- tion. The woods contain oak, hickory, elm, sassafras and walnut. The greater part of the township was at an early day brush and tim- ber. The timber land is very productive. Wheat and corn yields annu- ally a good crop on this soil. The prairie land lies principally in the HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 927 southern and eastern parts. The soil is generally of a black mulatto loam and much heavier than the timbered soil. Blue grass grows abundantly on both soils, and large flocks of sheep graze on this grass the greater part of the year without any additional food. The greater part of the land of Cedar Township is under fence. First Settlers.— John Anderson settled here about 1823. He came from North Carolina. Married Amanda Proctor, and improved a small place on the Muddy. The following is a list of the early settlers who were here prior to the organization of the county: Richard Hurt, W. W. Cross, George McClure, Henry Rector, Capt. O. Kidd, Amos Fristoe, Col. Chas. Cravens, Hiram Scott, John Ellis, Richard Bird, Bethel Allen, Thomas Ferguson, J. W. Beaman, Thomas Beaman, Wm. O'Brien, James Ander- son, John O'Bannon, Martin Sitton, Thomas Wasson, James Ramey, W. K. Ramey, Thomas Martin, Henry Rains and Reuben E. Gentry. The last named gentleman came to this neighborhood prior to the formation of Missouri as a State. The early settlers held the first courts and transacted all their legal business at a place on Muddy, called "Pin Hook." It was first called by this name by an early adventurer from Tennessee, who said it resembled a hard place in his native State by that name. Pin Hook was the center of the first settlement of the county and was for a time the county seat. Here the first courts were held in an old building joined to a log cabin which was used for a store. Whisky was sold in this log part of the building. When men had leisure they spent consider- able of their time in drunkenness and fist fighting. The whisky of the pioneers did not make such cowards of its victims as to persuade them to carry weapons. If a man attempted or threatened to use fire-arms, he was scorned from the neighborhood as a coward. The first store was kept here by Messrs. Marmaduke and Sappington, after which Clifton and Watson Woods kept the store in the same house until they moved their goods to the village of Georgetown. In those days there was but little demand for doctors. The first person who dared to practice the healing art was a pretender by the name of Dr. Bidstrap, a Dane. The first marriage of this old settlement was in the winter of 1821, Miss Malinda Ramey to Thomas Brock. The first death was that of Thomas Brock in 1822. Some of the first physicians of the township were Doctors Wilkins Watkins, Thomas Steeples, Wm. J. Westefield, Montgomery, Bell and Carter. Some of the first lawyers: George Heard, John F. Philips, Geo. G. Vest, Abijah Hughes, John Heard, all of whom are living and bear a good record. G. Heard was the first teacher in the township. He is a devoted member 928 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. of the Christian Church and once engaged in the practice of law. Mil- ton Thomson, who is also a member of the Christian Church, taught the second school, in the house of Reuben E. Gentry. After this he taught several terms in a log cabin. Mr. Thomson was educated at West Point and many of the men and women of to-day feel grateful to him for moral and intellectual instruction. For several years good select schools were supported by the citizens at Georgetown. At present there are several public schools supported in the township. The first county fair was held in Maj. Wm. Gentry's pasture in 1857; Col. Thos. Houston, President, and John F. Philips, Secretary. This was the initiation of county fairs. Many of the early settlers may be known by their early land entries. The following is a partial list of the original entries, giving the name of the original owner, the situation of the land, and the present owner. Reuben E. Gentry entered the northeast quarter of section eleven, and now owned by N. H. Gentry; George R.- Smith entered the northeast quarter of section ten, and now owned by J. Rector, A. McVey, and J. R. Dunlap; Warren Reavis entered the northeast quarter of section five, now occupied by Mrs. C. W. C. Walker; David Thomson entered the southwest quarter of section seven, now owned by Reese Hughes; James Ramey entered the northeast quarter of section twenty, now occu- pied by Mr. Fuller; Mentor Thomson entered the west half of the south- east quarter of section twenty-nine, and still owns it; William Gently entered the east half of the southeast quarter of section twenty-nine, and still owns the same; Milton Thomson entered the northwest quarter of section twenty-six, now owned by Mrs. Bettie H. Gentry; James Brown entered the northeast quarter of section fourteen, now owned by J. Byrne; Solomon Reed entered. the east half of the southwest quar- ter of section ten, now owned by R. J. Gentry and W. Wright. An old grave yard is in the western part of this piece of land. Zadok Powell entered the east half of the northwest quarter of section nineteen, now owned by J. W. Walker; George Heard entered the west half of the southwest quarter of section twenty, now owned by Mrs. Bettie H. Gen- try; James S. English entered the southeast quarter of section twenty- eight, now owned and occupied by John S. Banks; Fielding Wolf entered the southwest quarter of section fourteen, now owned by W. H- Curran, B. Curran, and J. A. Dejarnetl. Churches. — Here the first churches of the county were organized. These primitive Christian people were plain in their worship, meeting often in dwellings or in the groves. The first church organization effected was Calvinistic Baptist in faith. Elders Jacob Chism and Wm. Jennings were the pioneer ministers who organized this church. The following is a partial list of the original HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 929 members: James Anderson, John O'Bannon, Solomon Reed, Thomas Wasson, and Adam Scott. A one acre lot was purchased of Solomon Reed, for six dollars, and upon this ground a log cabin was erected, and christened West Liberty Church. This church building was free for all denoninations. Soon after the organiz ition of the Calvanistic Baptists, Revs. Finis Ewing, Rooking, and McCorkle held successful meetings for the Cumberland Presbyterians. The early camp-meetings drew hun- dreds of people together annually in the groves. These meetings con- tinued for several weeks. The reformation introduced by Alexander Campbell was proclaimed to the pioneers of Georgetown neighborhood by Elder Allen Wright, who carried the Bible with him, and brought conviction to many hearts. Elder Allen Wright was a pure-hearted plain man of great native ability, a min- ister who was greatly respected by his congregations. It was here he sowed the seed from which the prosperous Christian Churches of -the county have sprung into existence. Elder Joseph Wright is a son of Elder Allen Wright. The old organizantion of the Christian Church at Georgetown has been moved to Sedalia, and will be treated under the head of Sedalia Churches. The following is a brief sketch of the only church organization of the township: The M. E. Church of Georgetown was organized by Rev. Oech- sli, in about 1866. The pastors of the congregation have been Revs. S. Alexander, Oechsli, A. P. Salloway, Hanson and Hannum. The names of the original members are: W. S. Deardoff, James Austin, Mrs. J. Aus- tin, Susan Schreiber, C. H. Elliott, Lizzie Elliott, Mary Fairchild, Alex. Dow, Louisa A. Dow and E. G. Ashwell. The present membership is sixty. The average number attending Sunday School is about sixty scholars. C. H. Elliott is Superintendent and Sarah Austin, Secretary. During and since the organization of this church three important revivals have been held. The influence of this little Sunday School and church is tempering the morals of the young people for betjter citizenship. Statistical. — The population, according to the census of 1880, showed the village of Georgetown to contain 300 inhabitants, and the township, including the village, 1,179. The following is the assessed valuation of personal property for the year 1882: 275 horses valued at $9,700 ; 9 jacks and jennets valued at $540 ; 224 mules valued at $9,535 ; 1 ] 44 neat cattle valued at $21,180; 3,071 sheep valued at $6,140; 1129 hogs valued at $2,620.; bonds and notes valued at $13,665; value of other goods, $12,585; 98 dogs without any value. The valuation as taken above is but a small estimate of the personal property of this township. Only about one-third of the dogs have been listed. This property generally belongs to the poorer classes. During the past year there have been upwards of $1,000 dollars worth of sheep 930 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. killed by the dogs of the township. More than fifty dogs have been poisoned or shot, and yet the dog nuisance continues. Enterprises and Industries. — The business of the township is prin- cipally farming and stock-raising. The largest farmer and stock-raiser is Major Wm. Gentry. He keeps about 3,000 acres in grass pasture and equally that amount in cultivation. He has on hands 800 prime blooded Merino and Cotswold sheep, 550 marketable mules, and fine Durham cows. He owns the Baron of Richmond, by the celebrated imported Duke of Richmond. Baron of Richmond took the first premium at the fair when exhibited. Major Gentry finds sale for his fine cows, sheep and horses as fast as he can raise them. He owns a fine Norman horse and has some of the best draft horses in the State. A wind-mill supplies his stock with water from a depth of upwards of eighty feet. The build- ings, barns and well-arranged stock-yards cover several acres. There is no shoddy work about the premises. The gates and buildings are all in good repair. An orchard of about eight acres of choice apple trees has proved to be a complete success. He sold one year $1,030 worth of apples to one man, had eighty bushels made into eighty gallons of brandy, besides giving to neighbors and friends a great amount and retaining plenty for his own use. He said, "I think sheep the most profitable branch of stock-raising. I fine ready sale for fine calves when a year old." Major Gentry has been engaged in the cattle trade for upwards of forty years, giving special attention to fine stock for about thirty-eight years, and his experience is worth a great deal to one starting in the stock business. The interest that he has taken in county and State fairs has won for him a National reputation. He was Marshal of the first State fair held at Boonvill'e, and has been President of several fair associations, though against- his desire to hold public office. Owning stock and exhibiting the same has no doubt lessened his desire to fill an office in the fair association. In fine, Major Gentry is always found ready to assist in any enterprise that will facilitate activity, beautify home and improve the breed of stock. Mr. N. H. Gentry is taking great pride in breeding fine swine. He has some good imported stock, perhaps the best in the State. R. W. Gentry is the principal grower of fine registered Merino sheep. He is one of the most promising wool growers of the State, a man of intelli- gence, and one whose reputation as a successful breeder of pure blooded sheep is fast becoming among the foremost. Lime kilns and stone quarries are enterprises of the township which yield a fair profit. W. K. Taylor successfully manages .a greenhouse. Incidents. — During the days of negro-slavery, Mrs. John Rains and her two children were murdered in a most heinous and brutal manner by HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 931 a negro man owned by Henry France, while John Rains was attending church on Sunday. The atrocious deed was committed about two o'clock in the afternoon. One child recovered sufficiently to relate how the black fiend had dispatched his work. When Mr. Rains returned home from church he found his wife and one child lying dead in his yard. Mrs. Rains was a daughter of Shepherd Williams, a good family of Kentucky. The negro was arrested andbrought to Georgetown for trial, before Samuel A. Lowe, Hiram Thornton and W.W.Cross, magistrates. Geo. G. Vest, a young attorney, who had lately arrived from Kentucky, was employed as counsel in defense of the negro. While the trial was in pro- gress a mob, headed by George Anderson, Chas. P. Farris, and others of Heath's Creek, where the crime was committed, took the prisoner from the officers of the law, and it was only by the influence of the best citizens that they were prevailed on to return him, but he did not remain in jail longer than fifteen days before the same parties took him from the officers of the law again, and carried him about one-half mile from town where they tied him to a walnut sapling and built a circular heap of shavings, wood, and other combustible materials around the victim, and then set it on fire. It was not long till the villain was willing to confess his crime. He was soon scorched to a cinder, after which the sheriff* buried the remains on the spot. This mob had invited all the negroes of the sur- rounding country to witness the death of their fellow companion. This was the end of negro crime. The following account of burning a negro is given by H. C. Levens, of Sedalia, formerly a prominent resident of Cooper County, and author of a history of the same : A negro man was burned to death by a mob of about one hundred men, at Georgetown, in July, 1853. I was then residing in Cooper County, and while traveling around over the county, came to Otterville the evening before, and hearing that such a tragedy was going to take place, I went there with a number of other men to see what was going to be done. When we arrived at Georgetown I found the town crowded with people,, and among them a large number of the colored race, their masters wishing them to witness the execution in order to deter them from com- mitting a like crime. As well as I can recollect his crime was committing a rape upon the person of a white woman, and afterwards murdering her and one or two of her little children. This negro was suspected of the crime, arrested and put in jail, and afterwards made a full confession of one of the worst crimes ever committed in the country. A short time after I arrived, the mob rode up on horseback, took the negro from the county jail to the Court House. I recollect that General Smith, the founder of Sedalia, made a speech, giving the history of the crime to the public. But do not think that he gave any expression of his opinion as to whether the negro should be killed by the mob ; and perhaps it would have been unsafe for any person to express themselves contrary to their 932 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. designs. The only question put to the people was as to whether they would burn or hang the prisoner. And the vote for burning was, as far as expressed, nearly unanimous, only two in favor of hanging. They then took one end of the rope with which he was tied, and trotted him to the place of execution already prepared for him, about three hundred yards north of Georgetown. The kindling wood was placed in a circle around a hickory sapling, (the circle being about the size of a large wagon wheel,) the prisoner was chained to the sapling, and the fire was started, which soon enveloped him in the flames. He made considerable noise, begging to be released, after he felt the torture of the flames. The chains around his wrists soon cut through the flesh to the bones, and being no longer able to stand, swung by the chains in a doubled up condition. There were a great many people present at the burning, but many after the fire was set turned and walked away, and I have afterwards regretted that I had witnessed such a horrible sight, and never would again. No doubt the prisoner deserved severe punishment and death, but I dislike to see any human being or brute suffer, however much they may deserve it. This prisoner could have been convicted and hung according to law bj' his own confession, but many seemed to think that such punishment was not suffi- ciently severe for his crime. I do not remember in what part of the county this horrible crime was committed, but my impression is it was on Heath's Creek. I cannot with certainty remember the name of his victim, but think it was a Mrs. Rains. In the settlement of this country the Indians held to their hunting grounds with great tenacity, and did not leave until crowded out* by the settlers. Game was here in abundance. We get the following story from Captain Ramey. A bet was made between' Captain W. K. Ramey and a half-breed Indian by the name of Tow Rogers, in which the former put a fine horse against two ponies of the latter, that the one who could bring in the greater number of hides at the end of four months should have the horse and ponies, and the loser should pay for the pasturage and care of the animals while the contest was going on. The hides counted as follows: Deer, one; wolf, one; wild cat, one; fox, one; elk, three; panther, three; bear, three; result: The Indian brought in 364 hides, and the Captain, 442. The latter won the bet. Georgetown. — This village, which was a flourishing trading place in ante bellum days, is in section sixteen, and was laid out in 1835, by David Thomson, father of Martin Thomson. The name was given it bv David Thomson, who came here in 1833 from Georgetown, Scott County, Ky. David Thomson and his two brothers-in-law, Geo. R. Smith and Lewis R. Major, were camped on the Lamine River, on the night of Nov. 12, 1833, and witnessed the meteoric showers, which produced great conster- nation among the ignorant classes of those times. Mentor Thomson, son of the founder of Georgetown, served twenty-years as county surveyor of Pettis County. HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 933 The land on which the town is built is high and rolling, and was a beautiful place when the town was in its glory. The old brick court house stood on the public square. The following streets appear on the plat: ■ Pin Oak, Flint, Boonville, Post Oak, Franklin, Walnut, Saline and Cedar. The additions were known as Ramey and Wasson's, David Thomson's, Geo. R. Smith and Hughes. The first lawyers of this village were Wm. H. Field, Reese Hughes, John F. Philips, Geo. G. Vest, Alda A. Glasscock, Wm. Ford, Curtis Field and Chas. A. Hardin. No building was ever erected here for church purposes exclusively. The citizens contributed sufficient however of their money to own the second story of the school building for church purposes. The third story of this brick school building was used by the A. F. & A. M. W. W. Cross was Justice of the Peace in this town for twenty-two years. In politics he was a Democrat till the rebellion, since which time he has been a Republican. The post-office was established here co-existent with the town. For several years the mails were weekly and monthly. In those days there was but little correspondence, and the great power of the press did not weigh upon the people then as now. The following is the list of the postmasters: Albin Robinson, Amos Fristoe, Samuel A. Lowe, James P. Walker, Wm. W. Cross, Thomas Hill, M. Hunt, James Austin, John E. Rector, Charles W. Barrick. For several years Georgetown was the center of trade for many miles around, but when the line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad was laid its death knell was sounded. Now, only two small stores are kept in the place: One by J. E. Rector and another by Charles W. Barrick. W. K. Taylor keeps a green-house. The public school is small, and is taught by two girls, who receive a very meager salary. JAMES ALLIN, M. D. Dr. Allin, who resides on a farm north of Sedalia, was born in Har- rodsburg, Ky., March 9, 1826, and is the son of Thomas Allin, one of the noted pioneers of that State. It is said that Thomas Allin built the first clerk's office in Mercer County, Ky., and held the office for fifty years. In politics he was a Henry Clay Whig, and in religion a member of the Christian Church. The subject of this sketch is one of fourteen child- ren. William Allin is a farmer in Kentucky ; Thomas Allin is a lawyer, who married a daughter of Dr. Price, a brother of Gen. Sterling Price ; John Allin is a farmer in Kentucky ; Henry Allin is a physician in Max- ville, Ky. Dr. Allin, for whom these notes are written, is a graduate of the Louisville Medical College, and has practiced the healing art for about fourteen years. In 1847 he came to Brunswick, Mo., where he practiced 934 HISTORV OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. for several years. , He was united in marriage to Miss Lillie Burgess, daughter of J. V. Burgess, in 1877. One child, Eulia, was born in 1879. The Doctor is now a retired physician, and is engaged in farming and stock trading. He owns three excellent farms in the township. His wife is a member of the Christian Church. CHARLES W. BARRICK. The subject of this sketch is a young merchant, and postmaster of Georgetown. He was born in the State of Illinois, June 17, 1854, and is a son of William Barrick, a native of Maryland, who was a First Lieuten- ant of the Illinois Volunteers, during the late war. Mr. Barrick is a member of the M. E. Church and a worker in the Sunday School. Charles W. Barrick came here with his parents in 1867, and was educated in Sedalia. In April, 1881, he was appointed postmaster at Georgetown, where he is engaged in selling goods. The subject of these notes is one of fourteen children, four boys and ten girls, eight of whom are now (1882) living. His father is a mechanic of Sedalia, and a devoted member of the M. E. Church, of that city. E. CLARK BOULD1N. Post-office, Georgetown. Born Sept. 8, 1820, at Hopkinsville, Ky. Migrated to Missouri in 1850. Was married in Davies County, Ky., to Miss E. M. Glover, daughter of Walker Glover, a farmer, Nov. 26, 1846. The father of the subject of this sketch was a merchant in Virginia. Came to Missouri in 1836, and died in 1847. He was a Baptist. Mr. and Mrs. Bouldin are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of Sedalia, They had four boys and six girls, viz : Marian A., Sarah M., Eunice B., David W., Annie M., Emmet E., Edward C. and Joseph C. Four of the children are married at the present (1882) date. He owns an excellent farm of about 300 acres, and now lives in good circumstances, blessed with health and a pleasant, happy family. He has long been identified with the interests ot Pettis County, in building up schools and assisting in public improvements. At home he is kind and hospitable. JAMES C. CASTLE. Mr. Castle was born in Virginia, April 18, 1820, and is the son of Wm. Castle, a commissioned officer in the war of 1812. James C. Castle came to Missouri in the year 1875, and is now engaged in farming, feeding and shipping stock. August 25, 1842, he was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Selsor, daughter of Larkin Selsor, a farmer. The union has been blessed with the following children: John W., George, S. W., Har- vey W., W. J., Leonard R., Sallie, James M., M. B. and Julia. All are married but the last two named. One child, not named here, is dead. HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 935 Mr. Castle has been for more than forty years a member of the M. E. Church, South. He has served as Justice of the Peace, Sheriff, and was a Captain in the Militia. Miss Sallie Castle is now the wife of Mr. Ed. W. McClellan, stationer and bookseller, of Sedalia. VALENTINE CONNOR. Post-office, Georgetown. The subject of this sketch was born in Ire- land on Sept. 20, 1827, and was a son of John Connor, a farmer of the old country. Valentine came to America in 1850 and settled in Wisconsin ; thence came to Missouri in 1860, where he soon afterwards entered the Missouri State Militia under Col. Spedden, and' served two years. In 1857 he married Miss Ellen Foley, daughter of William Foley, a farmer of Ireland. Two children were born, viz: Thomas and Mary Ann, both of whom are dead. Mr. Connor settled on the neat little farm, where he now resides, in 1860, and has been engaged in farming and burning lime kilns for the past fifteen years. In politics he is a Republican and in reli- gion he is a Catholic. JAMES CUMMING. Post-office, Sedalia. James Cumming is a native of Scotland, born March 17, 1803, (St. Patricks Day) and is a son of Alexander Cumming. James was united in marriage with Miss Eleanor Robertson, daughter of Andrew Robertson, a seafaring adventurer. He came to America in 1831, stopped at Stotsville, Pa., then at Plainville and Pittsburg, after which he settled for some time in Washington County, subsequently locating at Pameroy, Ohio, where he remained awhile and then emigrated to Mis- souri. The following children were born: William, John, Thomas and Elizabeth, who married Wilson Robson. William lives with his father and owns a neat little farm of 160 acres of land. In religion Mr. Cum- ming is a Methodist and is a man who delights in books. MRS. SARAH CUNNINGHAM. Post-office, Sedalia. Was born in North Wales, July 12, 1835. Her father, Richard Williams, came to America in 1840. She was married to W. A. Cunningham in 1854, who was born in Delaware County, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1832, and emigrated to Missouri in June, 1868. Mr. Cunningham was a blacksmith, and died April 22, 1880. Eight children were born, two of them are dead. Those living are: Sarah J., Margaret C, Alice M., Esther M., George A. and Edith M. Miss Maggie has been engaged in teaching for several years. As an evidence of her good success and appreciation, she has been employed for three successive terms in the same school. Mrs. Cunningham owns about 110 acres of land. She has a bright family of children. In religion she is a Presbyterian. 936 HISTORY OF CBDAR TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM H. CURRAN. The subject of this sketch was born in the State of New Jersey, Nov. 6th, 1831, and is the son of Barnard Curran. William was educated in St. Louis at a Jesuit school. He was married in the city of St. Louis to Miss Tersa King, daughter of Barnard and Alice King. Seven children were born, four bo}'s and three girls, viz: Elizabeth, Margaret, William H., Barnard, Mary, James and Hugh C. Miss Elizabeth was educated at the High School of Keokuk, la., and is a graduate of that school, and is now among the successful teachers of Pettis County. Mr. Curran is a public spirited man and has served as school director in the past, taking an active part in the cause of education. He was for eleven years in the Fire Department of St. Louis. In politics he is a Democrat. She belongs to the Catholic Church. He is now engaged in farming. BERNARD CURRAN. The subject of this sketch was born in Ireland, May 22, 1807, and is a son of William Curran. He came to America in 1831, landing at New York on May 22d. He married Miss Margaret Coffard in 1829, and five children are the result of this union. This wife died in St. Louis, 1840. He was again married to Miss Elizabeth McNamara in 1842, who is a native of Ireland. Six children are the offspring of the latter union, four of whom are yet living. In politics, Mr. Curran is a Democrat, and in religion a Catholic. J. W. DICKERSON. The subject of this sketch was born in Jessamine County, Ky., Dec. 13, 1832, and is the son of Hiram Dickerson. J. W. came to Howard County, Mo., prior to the war, and subsequently settled in Dunksburg, Johnson County; then tried farming in Blackwater Township, this county. After- ward he came to Georgetown, where he purchased property near by. Here he has an excellent vineyard of about two acres, ten acres in fine peaches, besides some good varieties of apples. It is said that he has some of the finest fruit brought to the Sedalia market. In January, 1869, he married Miss Zeroda Carter, of Sedalia. Two children were born. Archie died- when sixteen months of age. Jennie, the household pet, is yet living. Mrs. and Mr. Dickerson are members of the Methodist Church. JAMES M. FORBES. The subject of this sketch is a farmer, who resides in the northwest part of Cedar Township, and is a descendant of the best of families. Samuel Forbes came to Missouri in 1815 and settled in Cooper County, when Andrew was about six years of age. Andrew was married to Miss HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 93T Nancy Steel, daughter of Joseph Steel. She was the youngest of ten children. Andrew Forbes was the fourth son of a family of ten children. He was married Feb. 23, 1831, in Cooper County, Mo., after which he soon moved to Saline County, where he resided ihree years; then, in 1835, came to' Pettis County and purchased a large farm of Mr. Sam'l Durley. The place was improved by a Mr. Revis and has since passed through several hands, and now the McAninch Bros, reside on the place. James M. Forbes was the fifth of ten children. When Sam'l Forbes, his grandr father, came to Cooper County there was but one house in Boonville. It is said that he and Robert Wallace assisted in procuring the State Char- ter in 1820. His son Andrew traded in mules and horses for about twenty-eight years. He was among the early settlers of Cedar Town- ship and was for a long time reckoned among the largest land-holders and stock dealers in the county. He was elected by the Democrats and served for eight years as County Judge of Pettis County. In 1862 he was elected Representative of Pettis County. He and his wife were members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. James M. Forbes was born May 16, 1838. On Jan. 30, 1863, he married Miss Sallie Taylor. Nine children are living and two are dead. The children are: Edward, Willie, Nannie, Robert, Benjamin, Eliza, James, Jesse and Bessie. Andrew died when a few months old. Mrs. Forbes is a member of the Christian Church. RICHARD GENTRY, {Deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Madison County, Ky., Sept. 9 r 1807, and died at his home in Pettis County, Mo., Jam 17, 1865. He was the eldest son of Reuben E. Gentry, who emigrated to Missouri in the year 1809. In youth, Richard was noted for his close application to study and aptitude to learn, and he always- possessed a vigorous mind and body wholly in accord. Those who knew him in his boyhood say that he was a very bright and good student, and on account of his proficiency and adaptability was chosen to teach in the pioneer schools, and at all elections served as clerk. In the year 1828, when quite young, he went to Fever River, Wisconsin, and labored for nine months in the lead mines; then returned to Missouri, and with the money earned by his toil purchased his first eighty acres of land, the old homestead where Richard W. Gentry now lives. After improving for a time this place he went to Kentucky and lived five years with his uncle, Valentine M. White, who was in poor health. Here he remained till the death of his uncle. In 1836, he was married to Miss Alzira Miller, daughter of William Miller, Esq., a highly respected farmer living near Richmond, Ky., who for a long time was one of the three magistrates of his county. After his marriage the subject of our sketch returned to Missouri and commenced stocking his farm with 938 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. the best breeds of sheep his means and opportunities would permit, and by his indomitable energy advanced rapidly till he became the leading farmer and stock raiser of his time in the State. He possessed the pre- mium farm of the State, being the largest, best fenced, arranged and tilled of any in Missouri. His son, Richard W., who has recently com- menced active operations on the same beautiful acres, will ere long place it far in advance of its former fame. Richard Gentry's family by his first wife consisted of Wm. M>, Reuben J. (deceased), Henry C. (deceased) and Laura (deceased). About 1854 his first wife died and he married Mrs. Jael W. Gentry, March 5, 1855, widow of Joel W. Gentry, and daughter of Col. Nicholas Hocker, who lived near Richmond, Ky. This union was blessed with four children: Richard W., whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere; Mary V., living with her mother in Sedalia, Mattie (deceased) and Nannie E. also at home. Mr. Gentry was most emphatically an enterprising man, possessed of broad views and generous impulses. Though never a member of the church he gave of his means for its support and brought up his family in the most careful observance of moral and christian rectitude. His widow and her son and two daughters are worthy members of the Christian Church of Sedalia. She and her daughters now reside in their beautiful home on Broadway, Sedalia. MAJOR WILLIAM GENTRY. Prominent among the citizens of Missouri, noted for industry and inter- est in stock-raising, is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch. His post-office is Sedalia. Residence, section twenty, town- ship forty-six, range twenty-one, Cedar Township. Born in Howard County, Mo., April 14, 1818. His father, Reuben E. Gentry, was born June i>, 1785, in Albemarle County, Va., and was a son of Richard Gentry, who was also a native of the "Old Dominion." He, Richard, lived to be about eighty-five years of age. The Gentrys are of the old Germanic stock, and sprung from English families. Richard Gentry, the grand- father of the subject of these notes, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, in defense of the American Colonies. Subsequently he moved to Madison County, Ky. Reuben E. married Miss Elizabeth White and emigrated to Missouri in 1809, locating at Boone's Lick, Howard County, Mo., in 1811, and assisted in building Forts Hemstead and Kincaide, dur- ing the War of 1812. Here he improved the "Model Farm," now owned by the Harris Estate. In 1824 he removed from Howard County and settled on a farm (now occupied by N. H. Gentry) about five miles northeast of the city of Sedalia. Here William, the subject of this sketch, spent his youth and early manhood, working on his father's farm. The family of Reuben E. consisted of four sons and one daughter, viz.: Rich- ard, Joel W., Jane H., Reuben and William. Major Gentry, in 1840, mar- HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 939 ried Miss Ann R. Major, daughter of Lewis R. Major, a prominent old settler of Pettis County. In 1846 he purchased and settled on the farm where he now resides, two miles northwest of Sedalia. By this first union eight children were born, three boys and five girls: Mary E., married T. W. Cloney; Jane R., married Theo. Shelton; Allie B., married J. M. Offield, The following are yet single: Richard T., Joel B., Bettie S., John R. and Eva. In 1873 Mr. Gentry's first wife died, and he has since married Mrs. Evelyn Witcher, who is a sister of his first wife. She had two sons by her marriage with W. A. Witcher, Esq.: John T. and Vin- cent. In 1858 Maj. Gentry was elected County Judge of Pettis County, and held the office for eight years, performing its duties to the universal satisfaction of the people. After the death of his brother Richard, he resigned the office and administered on the estate; this business, together with his own, requiring all his time and attention. In 1862 Mr. Gentry was appointed Major of the Fortieth Regiment, Enrolled Militia, by Gov. H. R. Gamble, and continued in this office till the regiment was mustered out. He afterwards served as Major of the Fifth Regiment Provisional Militia until the close of the war. He was the people's candidate for Gov- ernor in 1874, receiving the vote of his county and good support from the State, but was defeated by Hon. C. H. Hardin. In 1870 he was elected a Director of the Lexington & St. Louis Railroad Company, and two years later became President of the same. He has also been a Director of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad Company, and was President of the Sedalia, Warsaw & Southern Railroad. For several years he was agent for Pettis County in railroad matters. He was for a long time President of the "Fair Association," of Sedalia. In the winter of 1881-2 he was appointed by Gov. Crittenden Presiding Judge of the Pettis County Court, which office he now holds. He owns about 6,000 acres of choice land, and is counted among the wealthiest and most enterprising farmers and successful stock-breeders of Missouri. He is a temperate, social gentle- man, and is highly respected by all who know him. RICHARD W. GENTRY. The subject of this sketch was born at the old homestead where he now lives, Jan. 3, 1857. His father, Richard Gentry, was a native of Madison County, Ky., and his mother, Mrs. J. W. Gentry, was a native of the same State and county. Richard Gentry, the father of the subject of this sketch, was the son of Reuben E. Gentry, who came from Kentucky at an early day, stopping awhile in Howard County, Mo.; then settling perma- nently on land now known as the N. H. Gentry Farm, about six miles north of Sedalia. Richard Gentry entered eighty acres where R. W. Gentry now lives, and afterwards increased this farm till at his death, which occurred Jan. 17, 1865, his estate amounted to 6,275 acres, nearly 940 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. all in one body, then the premium farm of Missouri. Young R. W. Gen- try received a primary education at the private school in Georgetown and' then spent one year at Lexington, Ky. He completed his liter- ary education in the State University at Columbia, Mo., graduating in an academic class of eighteen, in June, 1 879. He received the first honors of his class and delivered the valedictory oration, and also received the Stephens Gold Medal, which is annually awarded to the best orator in the senior class. While a student he was noted for his faithful attention to and proficency in his studies, which won for him not only the respect of his fellow students, but the high approbation of his instructors. After completing his collegiate course he returned to his farm near Sedalia, where he remained until April, 1881. In the autumn of 1880 Mr. Gentry was appointed a member of. the State Board of Agriculture by the Gov- ernor, which position he yet retains, with the office of Secretary of the Board, having been elected to. that position in December, 1881. In April, 1881, he received a call to the pastorate of the Christian Church of Colum- bia, Mo., and at the end of one year, his services being so highly esteemed and so universally approved, he received a second call, this time for an indefinite period. But he resigned his charge and returned to his farm, that his attention might be wholly devoted to his extensive business in sheep husbandry. ' He has a fine farm of 1,075 acres, located six miles north of Sedalia on the beautiful rolling prairie of this section, with large and commodious residence, ample barns and other conveniences for the most approved mode of farming and sheep husbandry. A view of his fine house and lawn, "St. Cloud Stock Farm," is found in another place in this volume. Sheep, of which he has a very large flock, of the best Merinos, are his chief stock, though he keeps a few Short-horn cattle and Berkshire hogs. He will hereafter give almost his entire attention to the husbandry of registered Merino sheep. (See "Sheep Husbandry," page 367.) Mr. Gentry was married on Christmas Day, 1877, to Miss Ella M. Tussey, a most estimable lady, reared in the county. They have three children: Laura, Mary and Clarence B. Mr. Gentry, though young, is a thorough business man, and his kindly and generous disposi- tion together with rare Christian virtues place him in the highest rank among his neighbors and acquaintances. MRS. BETTIE H. GENTRY. The estimable lady whose name appears at the head of this sketch, was born in this county, Dec. 13, 1853, and is the daughter of Reese Hughes, Esq., one of the earliest settlers of Pettis County. She married Reuben Gentry in 1871, and has five children, two girls and three boys, viz : Ruby, Sallie B., Wm. H., Charles, Reuben J. One boy died in infancy. Mr. Reuben Gentry was a son of Richard Gentry, who was one of the leading y — ^ ^L fe HISTORY OF CED£R TOWNSHIP. 941 large farmers and stock raisers of Missouri. The present handsome brick mansion was built in 1879, at a cost of about $8,000. The excellent farm contains upwards of seventeen hundred acres of fine arable land. The residence is in Cedar Township, about two and one-half miles from the city of Sedalia. Mr. Reuben Gentry died on Oct. 5, 1881. He was con- sidered one of the most successful traders and stock breeders of the county, keeping only thorough-bred stock. His wife still lives on the farm and successfully controls the large estate, but does not engage so largely in the raising of stock. FLEMING R. GREER. Post-office, Georgetown. He was born, April 10, 1856. His father's name was Moses. His father came to Missouri at an early date. The subject of this sketch was one of fourteen children. In 1876 he was mar- ried to Miss J. Wasson. The fruit of this union is one child, Louella. Mr. Greer is a young, promising farmer, and has lived in Pettis County all of his life. At present he is engaged in farming. JOSEPH C. MARSH. Post-office, Sedalia. Was born in Vermillion County, 111., June 13, 1823. His father was a native of South Carolina, and served in the war of 1812; was for a long time Justice of the Peace. His mother's maiden name was Catharine Starr. Her father's name was John. May 3, 1846, Joseph C. Marsh was married to Miss Catharine Sherer, daughter of John Sherer, a carpenter of Illinois. The following children were born: Cyntha A., Rebecca J., John W., Esau, Mary E., Emma R., Jesse C, James B. and Ida G. Joseph C. Marsh is a veteran soldier of the Mexi- can war. He in company with six others volunteered. Three of the number were lost in battle. They were in Company C, Third Regiment Louisiana Infantry, under Col. Hitchcock and Maj. Jewell, and served till the close of the war. He was in the following battles: (Vera Cruz, Mar. 12,1847; Cerro Gordo, May 15th; Churubusco, in August; Chapul- tepec, in August; City of Mexico, Sept. 14th. Soon after this (before he was discharged), Mr. Marsh's health failed, on account of fatigue and bad water, from which he has not wholly recovered. For this service he received a land warrant, and further for his services deserves a pension. After the treaty of peace, July 4, 1848, Mr. M. was honorably discharged and returned to private life. It is said he was the first white child born in Vermillion County, 111. At present he owns a small farm two miles north of.Sedalia, where he also burns lime kilns. He sold fifteen hundred bushels of lime last year at twenty-five cents a bushel. In religion this family are associated with the Christian Church. * 47- 942 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. J. F. McANINCH. Post-office, Georgetown. Was born in Kentucky, June 27, 1844. His father, D. H. McAninch, was also a Kentuckian, and a faithful member of the Christian Church. The subject of these notes was one of five children, who came to Missouri in 1852. J. F. was brought up by Chas. W. C. Walker, a respectable citizen, who is now dead. In 1863 J. F. took a trip across the plains, and returned in January, 1864; then spent one year in Illinois, after which he returned to Missouri, and again went to the mountains in 1869, where he engaged in digging gold in Idaho, returning to Missouri in 1870. From this date he engaged in "farming and stock dealing, which he has carried on with fair success, and is now full partner with his brother in buying and selling stock. He is a bachelor of good habits and straightforward in his business. CAPT. W. K. RAMEY. Post-office, Sedalia. He was born in Clark County, Ky., March 17, 1812. His father, James, also a native of that State, came to Howard County, Mo., in 1820; after two years' residence there, he moved to this county, (then Saline.) James Ramey was the judge of the county court a great many years. Was a commissioned officer in the war of 1812. He died in 1848, at the age of 53 years. The subject of this sketch was the third of six children, one girl and five boys. He married Miss Elender P. Wasson, daughter of Thos. and Polly Wasson, March 1, 1822. The following children were born: Polly,. Wm. R., J. D., Elizabeth, David S., Malin J., Martha E., Sarah E., Polly A., Isabelle, Lousetty, Mary F. and John. Seven are now (1882) living, and all married. Capt. Ramey received his title while serving in the 40th Regiment Missouri S. M., under Col. Weir. On March 1, 1882, they celebrated their Golden Wedding, having led a marital life for half a century. The Captain's father, James Ramey, took the first wagon to Mexico. On his way he fired a cannon after the Indians, which produced such a consternation among the savages that they did not molest the whites any more for sev- eral months. At the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the mar- riage of Capt. Wm. K. and Ellen P. Ramey, held at their residence, six miles northeast of Sedalia, March 1, 1882, the following children, grand- children and great-grandchildren were present: Wm. R. Ramey, Jas. D. Ramey, David S. Ramey, Malinda J. Ramey, Martha E. Erwin, Sarah E. Rumsey, John Ramey. Grandchildren: Elie Ramey, Ida Ramey, Ellen Ramey, Lou Ramey, David Stout Ramey, Lether Ramey, David S. Ramey, Judge C. Ramey, Emmett A. Ramey, Wm. F. Erwin, Sarah E. Beaman, Emily J. Erwin, Mary E. Wasson, James R. Rumsey, John R. Rumsey, Nicholas Rumsey, Francis M. Ramey, James H. Ramey, Dovie Ramey, Geo. Ramey, Sarah I. Dirck, Elizabeth Grinstead, HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 943 Amanda P. Ramey, Benj. F. Ramey, Thomas Ramey, Ella Ramey, John W. Ramey, Nancy E. Ramey, Jas. R. Ramey, Mary E. Ramey, Almeda B. Ramey, Emma Rumsey, Ida M. Rumsey. Great-grandchildren: Ethel Ramey, Eliza E. Beaman. J. D. RAMEY. Post-office, Sedalia. Was born June 29, 1836, in Pettis County. Capt. W. K. Ramey was his father. June 29, 1856, he married Miss Amanda M. Reagan, daughter of William Reagan, an old settler, who came west so early that he lost all trace of his lineage. The subject of this sketch built a saw and grist mill in 18TT, on Muddy Creek, section two, town- ship forty-six, range twenty-one, where he is now engaged in milling. Children born are: Sarah E., W. K., Mary E., Amanda P., Benjamin F., James T. and Eller. The old Pin Hook mill, which stood near the pres- ent mill, was one of the first west of Brownsville. It was built by Thos. Wasson, and at an early day court was held here. The present mill is supplied with water from a living spring in a creek close to Muddy. This mill is doing a good business. F. M. REAM. Post-office, Georgetown. He was born in Pettis County, Mo., April 15, 1857. His father, Abraham, was an old settler. The subject of these notes was one of seven children. In 1878, he married Miss F. E. Wasson. They had one child, which is now dead. Mr. Ream is engaged in farm- ing. JOHN E. RECTOR. The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch is a mer- chant of Georgetown, and was born in Pettis County, Mo., Dec. 5, 1838, and educated in the common schools of the county. In April, 1872, he was married to Miss Mary B. Edwards, whose father was a merchant. Four children were born, three of whom art living. Mr. John E. Rector is a leading member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He com- menced merchandising about 1868, in Georgetown, where he continues the business. His father is one of the early pioneer settlers of George- town. Henry Rector, the father of John E., was born Nov. 18, 1809, in the State of Kentucky, and was the son of Enoch Rector, a native of Virginia. Henry Rectorcame to Missouri in 1819, and settled in Howard County, but finally moved to the spot, near where Georgetown now stands, in 1833, before the town was laid off, and it was then called Saline County. He was married to Miss Lee Ann Allen, in 1824, and seven children were the fruits of this union, viz: ChasJ., Nimrod, William, Bethel E., Harriet A., Elizabeth and John. His first wife died March 15, 944 HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 1851, and he married the second time Miss Mary A. Reany, Nov. 11, 1851. She was born Sept, 29, 1823. The following children are the offspring of the latter marriage: Martha J., Sarah M., George H., Ruth, Jaily, Emma, William M. and Millard J. In religion, Mr. Henry Rector is a member of the M. E. Church, South. G. W. ROTHWELL, M. D. Dr. Rothwell stands prominent among the pioneer disciples of Escula- pius. He was born in Albemarle County, Va., May 17, 1812. His great- grandfather came from England with the colonists. John Rothwell, his father, was a Captian in the war of 1812, under Gen. Cook. Claibourne Rothwell, grandfather of the Doctor, served in the Revolution with his father. The Doctor was one of nine children, four boys and five girls. He was united in holy wedlock, in the State of Virginia, in 1839, with Miss Ann Leonora Brown, daughter of John and Martha Brown, and soon afterwards came to Saline County, Mo. The Doctor was educated at the University of Virginia, and there received the degree of M. D. and also graduated at the Medical College of Philadelphia. His father's farm adjoined " Monticello, " the residence of President Jefferson. The Doctor commenced practice at Jonesburg, Saline County, Mo., in 1839, where he remained ten years, and in 1850 he settled on Heaths Creek, Pettis County, and improved " Prairie Pond, " his excellent farm, near the old Mexican trail. In 1862 when the clouds of war arose, he went to St. Louis and remained till 1865, at St. Louis, Boonville and Philadelphia, when he returned to " Prairie Pond," which he found considerably damaged, and much of his fine collection of books carried from his library. He only remained here four years, then located at "Edge Hill," his present home, two miles north of Sedalia. Here he has a beautiful little home with some attractive improvements. He has upwards of 700 young apple trees of choice varieties. The Doctor has betn engaged in practice for forty-two years, traveling mostly on horseback. His record of travel shows that he has traveled in round numbers 72,000 miles, a distance of nearly three times around the globe. Much of his early practice was in a radius of fifteen to thirty miles. The Doctor is a classical scholar and a man of fine intel- lectual reasoning. One of his tutors while at college was John P. Emmet, nephew of Robert Emmet, the Irish patriot. In politics, the Doctor is a Democrat, and in religion he is a Methodist. As a man he is sociable^ kind, yet dignified. MRS. SARAH E. SMITH. Mrs. Smith is a resident of Georgetown. She was born in the State of Indiana, May 2, 1833, daughter of Ellis Rinehart, a farmer of Virginian nativity. Her mother's maiden name was Mjariah Hollenback. John Z. HISTORY OF CEDAR TOWNSHIP. 945 Smith, her late husband, was a native of Ohio, born February 21, 1828, and came to Missouri in 1865, and departed this life July 4, 1880. Miss Sarah E. Rinehart was married to John Z. Smith November 3, 1854. Twelve children were born, six of whom are living, viz: Ellis, Anna Belle, Byron, Carrietta, Amy D., Ella M., John, George, Monroe, Minnie M., .Myrtie P, and Manlove. In faith Mrs. Smith is a Baptist. She owns a handsome little home and an excellent vineyard and orchard. W. K. TAYLOR. Among the enterprising florists of Missouri is the subject of this sketch, who resides in Georgetown. He was born September 1, 1849, in Rich- mond, Va., and is the son of A. W. Taylor, who is a descendant of pure English stock. The subject of this sketch is a graduate of Hamden Syd- ney College, of Prince Edward Co., Va. His father was a large tobacco- nist, in Richmond. W. K. Taylor was the only child of the family. W. K..Taylor entered the Confederate army under Stonewall Jackson, and afterward under Wade Hampton. Was in the battles of Bull Run, Manassas, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, Seven Days' fight around Richmond, Gettysburg, and Appomattox Court House. Mr. W. K. Taylor was united in marriage, Sept. 4, 1873, to Miss Virginia E. Francis, of St. Louis, daughter of James Francis, a merchant of that city'. Three children are the result of this union: Beulah M., Walter R., and Hugh F. Mr. Taylor is a Mason, K. P., I. O. R. M. He is a practical florist and horticulturist, and has been engaged in the business for several years past. He is a gentleman of good habits and pleasant colloquial powers. JOHN WELSH. The subject of this sketch, whose post-office is Sedalia, was born in Ire- land, in the year 1829, and was the son of Patrick Welsh. John's father died when the former was about six years of age. John came to America in 1848 when nineteen years of age. In 1852 he married Miss Margaret Lanen, daughter of Micheal Lanen, a native of Ireland. Nine children were born, five boys and four girls: Bridget, Thomas, Michael, Mary, Jane, John, William, Margaret and Elizabeth. Bridget married Joseph Kennedy, who died Dec. 19, 1881, leaving three children: Daniel, John and Joseph. JOHN S. WOODS. John S. Woods, a distinguished fine wool-grower, residing a few miles north of Sedalia, was born in Cumberland County, Penn., July 1st, 1819. His father, Joseph Woods, was also a native of the " Keystone State." His grandfather was William Woods. His grandfather on his mother's side was J. Crossen, an Irishman by birth, and a commissioned officer in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this sketch married Miss Sarah 946 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. A. Bolls, daughter of Nathaniel Bolls, a blacksmith and machinist, April 23, 1844. Mr. Bolls was born Aug. 19, 1794, and served as a soldier in the War of 1812. The following children constitute the family of John S. Woods: Porter B., Hanford D., Harriet E., Sarah A., Caroline A., Maria, Martha E., John M. and Fred W. Five are married, viz.: Porter B., to Miss Lizzie McKeller; Sarah, to Geo. H. Gaskill; Harriet, to Wil- liam Griggs; Maria, to C. Duncan; Ella, to N. Norton. Porter B. was a Union soldier during the late war, and is now engaged in a dairy, which he has conducted successfully for seven years past. Mrs. Woods was born Aug. 12, 1826; her maiden name was Rachel M. Forster, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. Woods may be counted among the enterprising far- mers and fine wool-growers of Pettis County. He is taking some inter- est in horticulture, having at the present a good vineyard and upward of 175 choice apple trees. He keeps constantly on hand pure blooded Merino sheep for sale. So great has been the demand for his stock in the past that he has sold upward of 3,000 sheep in the past three years. He settled in Mansfield, Ohio, in May, 1828. The subject of this sketch was the oldest of five children, two boys and three girls: Joseph P., Mary A., Eliza H. and Sarah J. In Ohio he owned an excellent house and handsome place. April 22, 1865, Mr. Woods landed at Dubuque, Iowa, where he invested $16,000 in farming lands with A. H. Gale, of Sandusky City, Ohio, and subsequently moved to Missouri, near Sedalia, Nov. 28, 1867, bringing 800 fine-wooled sheep with him. He has been engaged in buying and breeding fine sheep for more than thirty years, and is now regarded as one of the best judges of fine sheep in the west. He now keeps some very fine bucks for sale. Mr. Woods is a very social, enter- prising farmer. CHAPTER XIX— BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. Name — Location — Organization — Configuration — Early Settlers — Churches— First Minis- ters — Early Teachers — Educational — Incidents and Reminiscences — Biographical. Name. — Bowling Greens are quite numerous and popular names in the country, and perhaps the most prominent is the one in Warren County, Kentucky. Bowling Green is the county seat, and the county of Warren is situated in the southwestern part of the State. There is also a Bowling Green in Pike County, Mo., a station of some importance on the Chicago & Alton Railroad. There are numerous other townships and counties of the same name in the country. This township is supposed to have been named by Mr. George W. Smiley, who came to the township in 18,25 from Kentucky, and it is supposed that his love for his native State and the' beautiful town of Bowling Green in particular caused him to HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 947 give or suggest the name. However this may be, it is a beautiful name and a beautiful township that owns the name. Organization. — The township was laid out when Pettis County was organized, in the winter of 1832 or 1833. At that time Mr. Charles Cra- vens was the member of the Legislature from Saline County, and to his efforts is due the fact of the separation of the counties of Saline and Pettis, and the giving of voting places, convenient for the voters. It for- merly embraced the townships of Smithton, Heaths' Creek, and part of Longwood, but was separated near the time the Missouri Pacific Railroad came through, and each township was given separate voting places. In the organization of the county into municipal townships, this has retained the name of Bowling Green, while the others took their pres- ent names. The township contains thirty-six square miles, or is exactly a congressional township. Its northern boundary is Heath's Creek Town- ship, east Cooper and Morgan Counties, south Smithton Township and west Sedalia and Cedar Townships. Its position is nearly in the center of the county from north to south, and lies on the eastern edge of the county. Configuration. — The physical features that characterize this town- ship are much the same as those of the other townships. The land is mostly gently rolling prairie, although in some places it is flat and along the creeks timber abounds. The township is well watered by the Muddy Creek, and its tributaries, the Elk Horn and Shavetail Creeks. Along these branches is found an excellent growth of timber, and many fine rock quarries produce limestone and a kind of stone called cottonwood rock, which on exposure to the air wears away, but for foundations, and where it is well covered from the action of the air and rains, it will last as long as any other stone. The system of drainage is very complete, and in no place is it necessary to use artificial piping to carry off the surface water, but everywhere the ground is rolling enough to give good drainage. The soil is as the balance of Pettis County, deep, dark and rich, and its productiveness is unsur- passed. The quality of its staple productions, its fine fields of wheat, its elegant blue grass pastures, and its large area of corn, producing from fifty to seventy-five bushels per acre, all speak volumes' for the quality of the land on which those who are residents of the township reside. Early Settlers. — The early history of this township is so interwoven with that of Smithton, which, at this early day, was a part of Bowling Green, that the early settlers of the one are the early settlers of the other. Honored and respected as they were, it is just that, without becoming tiresome, we should give these brave men all the credit due them in open- 948 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. ing up this new country, even if it is necessary to mention them three or four times. They are worthy of all the praise the humble historian of the present day can bestow upon them. Among the earliest, and perhaps the earliest settler of the township was Joseph Scott, who came in 1815, from Kentucky. Thus with him the opening wedge entered the virgin territory, and from the States of Kentucky, Virginia, Alabama and Ten- nessee came the heroes of the rough and sturdy material which was to rise into the beautiful and substantial structures of the western empire. Joseph Roberts and wife came in 1820, also from Kentucky; N. Steele came the same year from the same State. John Potter came in 1825 from the same State, and Robert Ross came two years later from the " blue grass " regions. George Small came to the township in 1825, from Ken- tucky, and also the same year and from the same State came George W. Smiley, whom we have previously given the honor of naming the town- ship. All these have years ago passed away. Mr. Smiley was a man of great energy, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his house was always open to the preaching of the gospel, no matter of what denomination the minister might be. On his land the first school house built in the township was erected, and the ancient chimney still stands as a mark of his enterprise in the days when the country was little more than a wilderness. Daniel Wright came to the township in 1831, from Alabama, and is now numbered with those who have passed to a bet- ter world. Andrew M. Wright came from the same State, and in the same year, and still resides in the township. A complete biographical sketch is given of him elsewhere, and to say he has had much to do with bringing the township up to its present standpoint would be but a slight tribute to one who has resided fifty-one years in the same section of coun- try, watched it grow from infancy to youth, and from youth to manhood, and now enjoying the fullness of the blessings the Creator has so bounti- fully showered upon it. Clinton Young came to the township in 1830, from Tennessee, and Clayborne Young four years later from the same State. Both are now dead. Judge J. W. Beeman is another of the pio- neers of the township, who is now living. He came from Alabama here in 1832, and has lived on the same homestead for fifty years; is one of the few men who came in those early times determined to carve their way to a competency, who yet remain to tell the story of their struggles and tri- umphs. CHURCHES. I love to steal awhile away From every cumbering care, AnJ spend the hour of setting day In humble, grateful prayer. There are four churches in the township, viz : Salem M. E., Provi- dence Baptist, Beeman Chapel and the Church of the Disciples. HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 949 The M. E. Church, of Bowling Green Township, is known by the name of Salem, and is situated in the southern part of the township, seven miles east of Sedalia. The first class was organized at Smiley's school house in 1840, and the present organization of Salem Church was made in 1860 by B. J. Porter, John Pollard, E. K. Porter, J. C. Porter and B. C. Porter. The building was erected in 1859, at a cost of $5,000, by B. J. Porter, W. B. Porter, E. M. Hausburger and J. N. Porter. It is a brick building 40x50 feet, and was dedicated in 1859 by Dr. Parsons, of Louis- ville, Ky. The pastors have been the Revs. Josiah Godby, W. C. Godby, Joseph McCasey, J. Woodspringer, Wassen Wharton, J. P. Smith, R. E. Allen and J. T. Anthony. The original members were B. C. Por- ter, B. J. Porter, J. W. Pollard, Mrs. F. R. Porter, S. W. Porter, P. Pol- lard, Mr. and Mrs. H. Z. Elbert, E. M. Housberger and wife and E. K. Porter and family. The present membership is forty-five, and the Sun- day School has an average attendance of fifty. T. E. Porter is Superin- tendent, and the Secretary is A. M. Mitchene. Before the organization of Salem Church the different denominations met at Smiley's school house and old Providence Baptist Church, where they would have great revi- vals under the preaching of Revs. Springer, James Mitchell, Thomas Wallace and J. W. Jamesen. From the Sedalia Democrat we clip the following in regard to the churches : What is known as Salem Church, of the Southern Methodist denomi- nation, four and a half miles east of town, two miles south of Beaman, and in the Porter neighborhood, has been rebuilt. The old church was 40x50 feet, and the new one is 28x40 feet, and is really a handsome little church, yet plenty large enough for all purposes. The old materials — such as the brick, shingles, planking and furniture, were used in the new building. The amount expended in the work was $800, which was raised by sub- scription, a good deal of which was subscribed in Sedalia. The Rev. J. M. Anthony is the pastor. The new church was dedicated last New Year's day, by the Rev. E. R. Hendricks, President of the Central Col- lege at Fayette. The membership is sixty, and altogether the church is in a nourishing condition. The following account of the Church of the Disciples is written by Mr. Bird P. Smith: In 1859 when I removed to Missouri, there were two churches of Dis- ciples in Pettis County. One in the northern part of the county called Union; this was a very strong and flourishing organization at that time; made up of the most influential, intelligent citizens of that part of the county. Among the members of that time were, Amos Fristoe, Abner Clopton, Dr. Rothwell, John S. Jones, Dr. Cartwright, Col. Thos. F. Houston, George Anderson, Ben. Major, Charles Jones, and many others of influence. Amos Fristoe and Ben Major were the leading workers of the church, always zealous and energetic in the cause of Christ. Amos Fristoe was Elder, and I think Bro. Harrison. Elder Allen Wright 950 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. preached for them, and he and Bro. L. B. Wilk's held a very successful protracted meeting for the church at Union, in 1858, and had over one hundred additions; among them Col. T. F. Houston and -wife. The church at Union, so strong twenty years ago, is now the weakest in the county. Georgetown was the county seat in 1860. There was a good congregation of Disciples there, organized by Elder Allen Wright and Elder John Dejarnett. The leading workers in this church were John Dejarnett, P. Woolridge and Mr. Hunt. After the county seat was removed to Sedalia, the congregation removed there also. I cannot close this sketch without alluding to the work and life of Elder John Dejarnett. He had a good English education, was an excellent business man, made no great pretentions as a preacher, but at the same time was what I con- sider a good preacher. His reasoning was strictly logical. Few men could analyze a passage of scripture more clearly than he ; alway under- stood his subject well, and no one could fail to understand him, and the reason he was not a popular speaker, his voice was sharp and bad. Never too busy to work for the church (and he had a large business), always ready to work for Christ. To his energy and zeal, the church in Sedalia is indebted for the house the congregation now worship in. He raised the money and superintended the building under many adverse circumstances during the war. The brick had to be brought from Jeffer- son City. Elder Dejarnett has been dead for a number of years, and I am not aware that his brethren have ever paid a proper tribute of love and respect to the memory of so good and faithful a worker in the cause of Christ. Speaking of early times, Rev. Wm. Ferguson says: "It was thinly settled, but plenty of wild deer and prairie chickens, and wolves were on the prairie where Sedalia now stands. No railroads, no telegraph wires thought of then, no fine churches, no fine school houses; had to send our children to school in little houses, sixteen by eighteen feet, made of logs and seats without backs to them. Had to preach in those little houses, or in private family homes, or in the groves in warm weather. But now we have fine school houses, and fine churches, well seated, all over the county; and where the wolves and wild daer, and the prairie chickens were, Sedalia now stands in her splendor, with many railroads and telegraph wires. Many large, fine farms well improved, and in the place of the old fashioned scythes and cradle to cut our grass and other small grain, we have plenty of good machinery that goes by horse-power to cut our grasses, wheat and oats, and the thresher to thresh the same." The first justice of the peace was Larkin Erwin, and the first school was taught by James Chalmers. V. T. Chilton, Edward Clark, Wm. Joplin, F. M. Butler and Mrs. Bryan, cousin of Maj. Wm. Gentry, were also early teachers. The township officers of 1873 were B. F. Taylor and W.C. Steelman, justices, and G. S. Erwin, assessor; T. P. Potter, collec- tor; and Willis Franklin, clerk. The county schools are in a flourishing condition. HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 951 In the early days of land entry, frequently large tracts were entered at 12£ cents per acre. Richard Gentry made a large entry of a tract now occupied of Wm. Gentry as a sheep farm. Just as he came down from the land office steps, Judge Beeman started up to enter the same tract. The post office of the township is at the little station of Beaman on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad. JUDGE J. W. BEEMAN. Farmer. The subject of this sketch is one of the pioneers and one of the two oldest persons now living in the township, and is a native of North Carolina. He was born in Rowan County on May 5, 1S13, and when he was about sixteen years of age he moved to Albany, where he remained until 1832, then he moved to Pettis County, Missouri, and located where he now lives. He entered forty acres in July, 1834, on which place his house now stands. He has the honor of having the town of Beeman named after him. He was married July 10, 1834, to Miss Elizabeth Smiley, who is a native of Kentucky, and daughter of James Smiley. This union has blessed them with three children. His wife was called to her long home in March 30, 1878 ; she was a faithful member of the Methodist Church, and died in that faith. Mr. Beeman is a man that has taken a warm interest in the wellfare of the county court, and as his reward he was appointed Judge of the county in 1865, and when his term expired he was re-elected for the term of four years, and during this time he did his duty and fitted the office to the letter of the law and satisfaction of the people. He is a leading member of the Methodist Church. He has seen many changes come and go to Pettis County, but has always kept pace with its progress. He has improved a fine farm of 360 acres, and is now num- bered among the successful pioneers of the county. He was married Jan. 31, 1882, to Mrs. Armilda Igo, whose maiden name was Moore. Mr, Beeman has a good home one-half mile west of Beeman station. Mr. Beeman has been a citizen of this county more than fifty years, having settled here in April, 1832, before Pettis County was organized, and has always shown himself worthy and exemplary. H. E. McCOY. Post-office, Beaman. Owns a grist-mill and saw-mill combined on Sec- tion fourteen, township forty-six, range twenty. This enterprising citizen is a native of Cooper County, Mo., and was born in 1840, and from the time he was seven years of age he has been in a mill. He thoroughly understands milling and is now doing a large business and with much satisfaction to the people. He has been engaged in milling in Morgan County, and during the war he was in the employ of the Missouri 952 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. Pacific Railroad for about three years. He then went to Nebraska, where he remained about two years. He then returned to Missouri, and in 1872 moved to his present place, since which time he has improved the mill, and its capacity is now about 200 barrels per day. He was married Jan. 2, 1867, to Miss A. J. Yancey, who is a native of. Cooper County, Mo. This union has blessed them with four children, viz: William E., Katie, Henry A. and Lee. JUDGE V. T. CHILTON. The subject of this sketch was born in Fauquier County, Va., on the first day of April, 1817, and moved with his father's family to Kanawha County, now West Virginia, in the fall of 1834, where he attended the common schools and worked on the farm. In 1837 he entered Bacon Col- lege in Georgetown, Ky., and graduated in civil and topographical engi- neering in August, 1839. He then came to Missouri in October, 1835, and taught school; then surveyed government lands and dealt in live stock until 1852. He was married in March, 1853, in Alabama, to Susan E. Hampton, a relative of the warrior and statesman, and in April of the same year settled on the farm where he now lives, lour miles north of Smithton, Pettis County. In August, 1875, he was appointed by Gov. Hardin, as Justice at large, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John M. Sneed, which position he continued to fill until the summer of 1878, at which time, having received the nomination of the Democratic party for the legislature, he resigned the position to which he had been twice appointed and twice elected, and at the general election in 1878 he was chosen to represent Pettis County in the Thirtieth General Assembly of the State of Missouri. WILLIAM L. EMBREE. Post-office, Beaman. Farmer. One of the pioneers of Pettis County, and was born Dec. 18, 1816, in Clark County, Ky., and when he was about sixteen years of age he came to this county, where he has since lived. His father was one of the pioneer preachers of this county. He was first married March 11, 1838, to Miss Martha Caroline Beaman, and this union was blessed with eleven children, William, Martha, Lucinda M., Marga- ret A., Frederick, James C, John C, Noah W. and Doctor A. Mrs. Embree died March, 1861, and he was again married Aug., 1861, to Miss J. F. Beaman, and this union has been blessed with six children, Alice, Olivia F., William W., Belle, Walter and Edgar. Mr. Embree owns a fine farm of 175 acres, and he is numbered among the successful men of the county. REV. WILLIAM FERGUSON. William Ferguson, son of Thomas and Hannah Ftiguson, was born in HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 953 Barren County, Ky., on Oct. l'Jth, 1806, (being of Scotch descent,) three miles southeast of Prewet's Knob, and six miles northeast of Glasgow, the county seat of the County of Barren, on a farm, in a grove known as Walter's Grove. In the twelfth year of his age his father sold his farm in Barren County and moved to Warren County, two and a half miles below the Dripping Springs, on the road leading from Lexington, Ky., to Nashville, Tenn., and bought a farm in the grove known as Smith's Grove, thirteen miles east of Bowling Green, the county seat of Warren County. He (William) remained with his father, raised up between the plow-han- dles until the age of twenty-two years, then married to Dorinda Wright, the daughter of Jacob and Miriam Wright, on the twenty-eighth day of Oct., 1828, by Elder Elijah Davidson. Mr. Wright lived on the road lead- ing from Glasgow to Bowling Green. In the early part of the winter both professed faith in Christ, and were baptized into the fellowship of the United Baptist Church, called Smith's Grove Church, by the Pastor, Elder Whitman. He remained there until the fall of 1841, when he moved to Pettis County, Mo., and entered land four miles east of Georgetown, made a farm on the prairie, and lived on it ten years. Shortly after com- ing to the county they joined the regular Baptist Church, called the Muddy Fork Church, near Georgetown, there being at that time no United Bap- tist Churches in the county. They remained members of that church five or six years, until Providence Church was constructed, when, on account of not agreeing in point of doctrine, left the old church, and together with two of their children, a son and daughter, again joined the United Baptist Church, he and his wife by letter, and their children by experience and baptism. He felt very much impressed that it was his duty to preach the Gospel. So great was this brought to bear on his mind, that in a short time after joining the church at Providence, having been exhorting to some extent before this, he was liceused to exhort, and very soon, by the desire of the church, was ordained to the full work of the Gospel Ministry on the fifteenth day of Dec, 1849, by Elders Elias George and Jesse G. Berkley. He, his wife and family remained with the Providence congregation until the twenty-eighth day of April, 1S72, when they assisted in organizing what is known as Olive Branch Church. The membership numbered fourteen . It has now reached about ninety members. This church is situated about seven miles northeast of Sedalia. He has raised a family of seven children out of ten; two daughters and five sons, all married and settled. Three of his children died in infancy. Five of those living belong to the church. One of the deceased also was a consistent member of the church. He has solemnized 125 marriages. His age at this time (1882) is seventy-six years, and his wife is seventy-three. 954 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. HON. TOHN C. FERGUSON. {Deceased^ He died in the thirty-seventh year of his age. At the age of eighteen young Ferguson embraced faith in Christ, and was baptized in the fellow- ship of Providence Baptist Church, in Pettis County, by Rev. R. H. Har- ris. After leaving the public school of his neighborhood he attended col- lege at Jacksonville, 111., for about one year, and in the spring of 1864 •crossed the plains, returning the following fall. Soon after his return he commenced the study of law with Phillips & Vest, of Sedalia. He was always a close student, and his progress was wonderful. In 1868 he located in Osceola, Mo., and commenced the practice of law. He soon became a man of mark. In 1870 he secured the appointment of County Attorney, which position he filled with fidelity and credit. In 1872 he was •elected to represent his county in the State Legislature, which place he filled with honor. In 1873 he was married to Miss Mary F. Anthwait, of Osceola, who has proved herself to be a zealous Christian, a constant companion, and a devoted mother. In 1876 he was chosen as the Presi- dential Elector for this district, and again distinguished himself by the brilliant canvass he made. As a man he was modest and retiring, self-for- getful, and generous almost to a fault. A little more than a year prior to his death he visited the principal health resorts of Missouri and Kansas, but it was all of no avail. He returned to his home to die, surrounded by his family and friends. Chistian activity and spiritual zeal characterized riis entire life, and he died in the triumph of a living faith in Christ. He leaves a wife and two interesting children, a little boy and girl. The •deceased was a son of Rev. William Ferguson, who now resides eight miles northeast of Sedalia, Mo. He died at his home in Osceola, Mo., Nov. 15, 1881. M. O. GREEN. He was born in England, August 13, 1839. His lineage composed the best families, ranking high in social and public life, and representing a vast amount of wealth, of which his father possessed quite a liberal share. After •coming to America his father was the victim of misplaced confidence, which almost made a wreck of him financially, having allowed his name to be used as security for other parties for large sums of money, and which he was compelled to pay; in consequence of this the subject of our sketch, at the tender age of nine years, was forced to realize the fact that "he would have to adopt a course from which to gain a sup- port for himself. With this stern reality deeply impressed upon his young mind, he immediately sought and found employment, and with that energy and ambition which has characterized his whole life, continued for eleven long years, fraught with many hardships and cares, as a common laborer. The first earned money was that which he obtained in three HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 955 years of steady work as a farm hand, at the very meager sum of twenty dollars per year, and out of which he had to make an allowance for all his wearing apparel. Of this sixty dollars, earned in these three years, he saved some money, ten dollars of which he used in defraying the funeral expenses of his sister, and in the fourth year he purchased three yearling calves, paying eleven dollars per head for them. An incident of his life, showing forth his unbounded generosity — another prominent characteristic of his life — and meriting the highest commendation of all, is that of relin- quishing all his claim to that portion of his father's estate which he inher- ited, consisting of ip700, and applying it to the education of a dearly loved sister, thereby bestowing the highest gift within his power to give. With an indomitable will, and an energy which surpasses all others, we find him slowly, but surely, climbing the rough and rugged hills of life, and laying the foundation upon which he is now building a structure, exposed to adverse winds, and tumultuous storms, which will continue to stand as a living monument of his useful life, and a beacon light to those who may follow after. Mr. Green was married March 1,1860,. to Miss Mary Bane. This union has been blessed with four bright and intelligent chil- dren, Martha J., George R., Mary E. and Frederick B., all of whom are approaching maturity. At the time of his marriage, all he possessed was two good teams, and some farming implements. He rented land for a short time, and then bought 160 acres at twenty dollars per acre, it having what was then called a " cut-throat " mortgage of $1,000 against it, to be paid in July following. Although not having a cent of his own, he assumed the burden, giving to Judge Purple fifty dollars to extend the time of payment until September, paying twenty per cent interest. Having engaged two assistants, he put out a large crop of barley, as well as eighty acres of wheat, from which he. realized $1,000. In the year 1860 he put out a large corn crop, of which he gathered and sold 2,700 bushels at thirteen cents per bushel . The next year he sold 2,000 bushels at eleven cents per bushel. He had up to this time paid $1,600 on his place, together with the interest, when he concluded to sell eighty acres, which he did at twenty dollars per acre, and borrowed $600, with which he paid off the whole debt against his farm . He gave $700 to assist in educating his sister, and when she returned from school, she and another sister made their homes with him until they were married. Although being in delicate health he continued to work, buying and sell- ing, until he finally sold his farm, of 240 acres, in Illinois, for $9,000, and eighty acres and stock, to the amount of $3,000, and removed to the State of Missouri and purchased 400 acres of land, where he now lives, for $10,000, cash. In 1863, before coming to Missouri, he again put out a crop of corn, 500 bushels of which he sold and delivered at Wenona, 111., to Joseph Warren at nine cents per bushel. About this time, it seems that 956 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREE3M TOWNSHIP. fortune began to favor him, for with the assistance of his sister, he gath- ered and sold to a government contractor by the name of James Vansant, 2,700 bushels of corn, in the crib, at eighty cents per bushel. With innumerable difficulties to overcome, and hardships to endure, he continued to push bravely forward, until now we find him the owner of a superb and magnificent estate of about 1,800 acres of land, seven miles east and southeast of Sedalia, admirably improved, with good hedge, rail and wire fences, a good substantial brick residence, and a large, commodious barn, with a capacity of storing an immense quantity of the products of his farm, besides affording shelter for a large amount of stock. He is grow- ing 700 acres of corn, and has a thousand acres of blue grass pasture and meadow. He feeds from 300 to 500 steers, 200 to 400 hogs* forty to fifty mules, and keeps fifty good breeding cows, and a fine herd of high grade sheep, selling from $10,000 to $20,000 worth of stock every year. Mr. Green has here an estate and home, replete with cheerful and ele- gant furnishings, and made doubly inviting by the presence of its refined mistress and her two accomplished daughters, and from their ample halls dispenses hospitality to all. Mr. Green is every inch a gentleman; brave, generous, charitable and chivalrous to a fault, unsurpassed energy, lib- eral means, capital business sense, a devout and consistent member of the M. E. Church, and one of the foremost influential men of the County. LEWIS GEBHARD. Farmer and stock dealer. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born on the 25th day of April, 1819, and when he was quite small his parents emigrated to Mason County, Ky., where our subject grew to manhood. He was there married Sept. 24, 1844, to Miss Mary Newdigate. She is a lady who devotes her time to making home happy. This union has blessed them with two children : Annie, who now lives in Cooper County, and is mar- ried to Charles McCarter, and Belle, who is married and living at home. Mr. Gebhard owned and run a large plow and wagon manufactory, having run the same for fifteen years in the State of Kentucky, and with a marked degree of success. In 1856 he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating where he now lives, where he owns a fine farm of 360 acres, 100 of which lies in Cooper Comuy, and which he gave to his daughters. He is a much honored and esteemed citizen. He is a devoted member of the Christian Church and among its liberal supporters. WILLIAM M. GENTRY. Post-office, Sedalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Pettis County, Mo., Sept. 19, 1837, and is the son of Richard Gentry, deceased, whose biography and portrait appear in this volume. Mr. Gentry received ifipfSS: yiira' / MM C/-0 u lej J U*^C-4> Jt t €r& HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 957 his primary education in the district schools, then attended Kemper's School, at Boonville, Mo., and finished his education at Westminster Col- lege, at Fulton, Mo. He has now in his charge his brother Reuben's estate, besides looking after his own extensive business. His home and farm is located about three miles northeast of Sedalia, and consists of 1,660 acres of well improved land, well watered and fenced. Part of the farm is cultivated in wheat and corn, and the remainder is in pastures, on which he has fine herds of Short-horn cattle, Merino and Southdown sheep, and other stock such as first-class stock-men handle. He has a herd of twelve deer in his park near his large and handsome residence, a view of which appears on page 507 of this volume. Mr. Gentry is a congenial gen- tleman, fond of hunting, and now has eight English fox hounds, which he keeps for the chase. JOB HARNED. Farmer. Post-office, Sedalia. One of the pioneers of Pettis County, and was born in December, 1818, in Christian County, Ky. He was there educated and grew to manhood. He was married in 1839 to Miss Martha Rich. This union was blessed with eight children. One of them, Alexander, is now living at home on the farm. The seven that are now dead are as follows: Enos, Mable, John W., Benjamin, James M., Jane and an infant. He came to Georgetown, Pettis County, Mo., in 1841, where he followed teaming for a livelihood for about five years. He drove a team over this county in early days, from Boonville to George- town. In 1846 he came to his present location, where he has since lived. He entered the eighty acres he now lives on, and since that time he has bought until he now owns 290 acres of fine land, and he is a much loved and honored citizen. He is a consistant member of the Christian Church,, and among its liberal supporters. W. T. HUTCHINSON. Was born Sept. 3, 1828, in Fayette County, Ky. In 1845 he came to Lexington and remained there until the year 1849, when he came to Pet- tis County, Mo. He was married Sept. 20, 1849, to Martha E. Porter, who was born July 28, 1827, in the State of Virginia, her father being one of the pioneers of this county. Mr. Hutchinson has had nine children, one of whom is now dead: Robert W., born June 28, 1855, and died Sept. 15, 1875. Mr. Hutchinson owns a magnificent 520-acre farm, made up of rolling prairie, well watered and finely improved with good buildings, fences and splendid blue-grass pastures. He grazes a fine lot of stock and carries on farming quite extensively. Has taken quite an interest in the cause of education, giving his own family quite a liberal share, both at 48 958 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. home and abroad. Has been connected with the banks of Sedalia for a number of years, and for the past eight years has been a member of the directory of the Citizens National Bank of Sedalia. Mr. Hutchinson is one of the leading, strong, clear-sighted and influential men of the county, and an honored and highly esteemed citizen of his community. A. LOVELACE. Farmer. Post-office, Clifton City. One of the pioneers of Pettis County and Bowling Green Township, and a noble citizen, and one of the charter members of the Providence Baptist Church. He is a zealous worker in the cause of the same, was one of the leading members in its organization, and among the cheerful givers to build the house. He is a native of Iredell County, N. C, and was born March 28, 1806. He was there educated and grew to manhood. He was married in 1827, to Miss Nancy Holman. She was a native of North Carolina, and this union has blessed them with ten children, all of whom are a credit to their parents, and whose names are as follows: David, Thomas, Elam, ,Elizabeth, James, Alfarth, Lucy, Lovie, William and Nannie now dead. The sub- ject of this sketch came to Pettis County about the year 1831, and then returned home to North Carolina, and moved to Pettis County, Mo., in 1838, locating where he has improved a fine farm of twenty-eight acres. He is numbered among the successful pioneers of Pettis County ,Mo. His wife was killed by a horse running away and throwing her from the buggy, in 1867, and he was again married in 1868 to Miss Hannah Wheeler, who died, July 26, 1880. Although Mr. Lovelace has had much trouble and strife in this world, he is a stout and rugged man, and a much honored and esteemed citizen. A. MATTHEWS. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. Among the many enterprising busi- ness men of Pettis County, no one is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this brief sketch, who is a native of Virginia, and was born Sept. 13, 1829. His parents moved to Muskingum County, Ohio and were among the pioneers of that county. The subject of this sketch was there educated and developed to manhood. He was there married Aug. 21, 1849, to Miss Eliza Beams, and this union has blessed them with five children: Lestie, Annie E., Ella, Ida and William, In 1860 he came to Pettis County, Mo., where he lived about six months, then moved to Cooper County. When our country was involved in war, he offered his services to the Union cause, and was promoted to an office, and while away defending his country he was elected to the Legislature to represent the west half of Cooper County in the years 1865 and 1866. He then went to St. Louis and resigned his office in the army, HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 959 and filled the office he was elected to in the Legislature for two years, 1865-66, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. He moved to Pettis County in the fall of 1866, where he now owns a nice farm of forty acres. He is a consistent member of the M. E. Church, South, and among its liberal contributors. S. MATTHEWS. Post-office, Beaman. One of the enterprising men of Pettis County is Mr. Matthews. He was born September 13, 1824, in Virginia, and when quite young his parents moved to Muskingum County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. He was married in 1845 to Miss Mary A. Sperry, daughter of Rev. Joseph Sperry. This union has blessed them with ten children: Lee, Charles J., John F., H. L., S. G., Avilda, Auglin, Sarah, Lillie and Elman. In 1866 he came to Pettis County, Mo., where he has since lived. He now owns a fine farm of fifty acres, with good buildings, and everything looks as though it were under the direction of a skillful manager. JAMES A. POLLARD. Post-office, Beaman. Farmer. Among the many pioneers of Pettis County, is Mr. Pollard, who is one of Missouri's noble sons, and who was born in Madison County in 1833, and was there raised until 1845, when his parents emigrated to Pettis County and located near Flat Creek, where they lived for about one year, then they moved to section twenty- one, township forty-six, range twenty, where the subject of this sketch grew to manhood. He has spent nearly all his life in this State, except a few years he was in Illinois. He was married Feb. 13, 1868, to Mrs. Mattie E. Claggett. She is a lady of refined tastes. This union has blessed them with one child, Nellie. Mr. Pollard and wife are consistent members of the M. E. Church, South, and always among its liberal con- tributors and supporters. He now owns a fine farm of 100 acres, and is numbered among the successful men of the township. W. W. POLLARD. Post-office, Beaman. Farmer. One of the pioneers of Pettis County, Mo., and was born July 2, 1829, in Bedford County, Va., and when he was about three years of age his parents emigrated to Madison, County, Mo., and lived there until 1845, when they moved to Pettis County, locat- ing near Flat Creek, where they lived for about one year; then moved to Bowling Green Township, where his parents were called to their long home and he grew to manhood. In 1850, he went to California and engaged in mining, which he followed for sixteen years, and farmed one year. He kept a hotel one year, and in 1866 he returned to Pettis County, Mo. He was married December 25, 1849, to Miss Martha J. Wright, who died Sep- 960 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. tember, 1850. He was again married Nov. 1, 1868, to Miss C. A. Walker, and this union was blessed with five children : Rosie E., Viola Belle, Mary V., Joseph N. and Jesse B., deceased. In 1870, he moved to his present location, where he owns a farm of seventy-six acres. He is a member of the M. E. Church, and a zealous worker for the cause. His father's sketch will also be found in this work. BENJAMIN PORTER. Post-office, Beamen. Farmer. The subject of this sketch is a native of Pettis County, born in 1846, and was here educated and grew to manhood. He is now on the old home and carrying on the farm of 420 acres. It has some fine buildings on it. His father was one of the pioneers of Pettis County. His name was B. J. Porter. He was born March 4, 1801, in Madison County, Va., and moved to Bedford County in the same State. He was there educated and attained his majority. He was joined in the holy bonds of wedlock Nov. 9, 1824, to Miss L. R. Joplin. She was born in 1804 and is now living at a good old age. This union was blessed with nine children, whose names areas follows: Martha G., William B., Thomas E., Benjamin, Annie E., Sarah F., Mary V., James J. and Jessie J. Mr. B. I. Porter left Virginia in 1832, and traveled with team to Madison County, Mo., and from there to Pettis County, in 1883, locating where the subject of this sketch now lives. He was one of the pioneers of this county, and the hungry and needy always found plenty at his table. He was a zealous worker for the advancement of the cause of the M. E. Church, Southland his house was called the home of the weary, and he gave liberally to all enterprises that he thought would enhance the welfare of the people. He entered five hundred acres of land and improved it. He was called to his long home, Jan. 7, 1877, leaving many friends to mourn his loss. REV. E. K. PORTER. Post-office, Beaman. The subject of this sketch is a pioneer and much hon- ored and esteemed citizen, who was born Jan. 24, 1814, in Bedford County, Va. When he was about nineteen years of age, or in 1832, he emigrated to Madison County, Mo., traveling all the way by land. He was joined in wedlock in 1835, to Miss S. O. Collins; she was a native of Kentucky. This union was blessed with two children, Martha E. and L. Mary. His wife died August, 1846. He was again married October, 1847, to Miss N. A. Bennett. This union has been blessed with eleven children whose names are as follows: William E., Rosie Lee, Amanda E., James P., Ellen J., Hannah P., Joseph, E. N., Ruth G., Cora B. and Samuel B. In May, 1852, he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating where he now lives on a fine farm of 238 acres. He is a zealous worker for the cause of HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. 961 humanity, and has been identified with the M. E. Church, South, since quite small, and is much respected by those who know him. THOMAS P POTTER. Farmer; post-office, Clifton City. The subject of this sketch is one of Missouri's noble sons, and was born Jan. 1, 1828, in Cooper County. His father was one of the first settlers of this part of the county. John Potter, father of our subject, was born 1783, in Bedford County, Va., and when quite small he emigrated to Kentucky. He was married in 1811 to Miss Edgar, a native of Kentucky, and this union was blessed with eleven children, M. R., George, Mary, William, Jane, Samuel, Thomas P., Penola A., Martha A., Larkin D., Dolly P. His father came to Pettis County, and located on the line of Pettis and Cooper Counties in 1822, and was among the first settlers. He died in 1864, and the mother in 1864. The subject of this sketch .vent to California about the year 1850, and remained there a few years; then returned to Pettis County, and was married in 1869 to Miss Lucy M. Wear. This union was blessed with three children, Mary, Robert A. and James M. When our country was involved in war, he offered his services and was Captain of the home militia, and also for a short time in the State service. He began business for himself with quite limited capital, but through his good management, he now owns a fine farm of 569 acres of good land. He is a consistent member of the Baptist Church and among its liberal contributors and supporters. CAP. JOHN M. SNEED. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Sedalia. One of Pettis County's businessmen. He is anative of Kentucky, and was born in 1826. Hewas there educated and grew to manhood. He was married in his native State in 1844 to Miss Mary Stewart, a lady of fine taste and culture. This union has blessed them with ten children, eight of whom are now living, Margaret M., William S., Sallie, Robert C, John B., George V., Frank, Harry, Alexender and Clarence. Mr. Sneed became impressed with the idea that Missouri offered great advantages to men of energy, and accordingly came to Pettis County, in 1854, locating where he now lives, when it then was all wild prairie for a great distance around. He has improved a fine farm and has first class buildings, with a fine orchard. The farm consists of 800 acres. When our country became involved in war, he offered his services and was appointed Captain of Co. D. 40th E. M. M., Oct. 15, 1862, and served until about 1864, when he was honorably discharged and returned to his quiet home. 962 HISTORY OF BOWLING GREEN TOWNSHIP. BENJ. F. STEELMAN. Post-office, Beaman. Farmer. One of the pioneers of Pettis County. His father and mother were among the first settlers, He was born, Aug. 22, 1838, in Shelby County, Tenn., and he came to this county in 1855, and has since made this his home. He now owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, and he is a successful business man of his township. He was married to Miss L. Embree, and her father is one of the old settlers of the county. This union has blessed them with six children: Tolson C, Noah, Jefferson, Sophia M., William and Embrey O. Mr. Steelman is a member of the Baptist Church. DR. BENj. E. VAN BURKLEO. Post-office, Beaman. The subject of this sketch is a native of St. Charles County, Mo. Born, Feb. 22, 1841. He was there developed to manhood. He is a graduate of St. Louis Medical College, and he stands high in his profession. He came to Pettis County, Mo., in 1873, and first located at Beaman station, and in 1875 he moved to his present location, one and one-half miles north of the Beaman station. He was married to Miss Mary E. Smith, and this union has blessed them with six children: Samuel. E., Charles E., George G., Ethel B., Herbert S. and Thurman Smith. The Dr. has a fine farm of one hundred and forty acres, with a fine house on the same. JUDGE A. M. WRIGHT. Farmer. One of the oldest settlers now living in Pettis Count} 7 , and among its most worthy pioneers, deserving of more special mention than the limits of this brief sketch will permit. He was born in Alabama in 1818, and his father, Daniel Wright, was born Aug. 4, 1784. He was about to join the army in the war of 1812, when it closed; thus he got the name "Col." He came to Pettis County in 1831, and died, Feb. 1874, leaving many friends to mourn his loss. The subject of this sketch came with his parents to this county in 1831. He has since made this. his home. In 1847—48 he made several trips to Mexico, engaged in the freighting business. He was married in 1841 to Miss Hypasia Isabel, and this union has blessed them with three children, two of whom are now living: Adeline Eliza, (now Mrs. Porter,) and Margaret and William. In 1851 he went to Iowa, w here he lived for four years ; he then returned to his home in Pettis County. When our country was involved in war Mr. Wright offered his services, and enlisted in what is known as Ben Butler's company. At the close of the war he was appointed Judge of the county court, and after serving out his appointment he was elected to the office for the term of six years, and filled it with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. The Judge says he is a true specimen of a back-woods- HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 963 man, and that he is proud of it. He has given his children land, and has now one hundred and ten acres. He is much honored and esteemed in his neighborhood and county. CHAPTER XX.— ELK FuRK TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name— Physical Features — Organization — Early Settlers — Churches- Agriculture— Eoads— Advantages— Political — Biographical. When we are about to tread upon unknown ground it is prudent that we be careful where we set our feet. If the ground is known to be sacred, a hallowed spot of old, then how appropriate that we rest here a while. When the pioneers came to the wild forest, with an old flint-lock rifle for defense, and an ax for a civilizer, they little thought of the results for which they had commenced to hew the way. The Bitye, to them, was a lamp that guided them through all the dark days of that time. In reference to God they could say: "My faith looks up to thee." In those days existed truth, sociability, and Godly fear. Men trusted God because of his unbounded love for them. They loved their fellows because they had a common interest in them. They that are yet living, with tearful eyes relate the story of their hardships, and continue to call that day a happy time — far more enjoyable than the many luxuries, that have crowded about them in their last years. In our brief discussion of the township we shall, no doubt, fail to do it justice. From the time the settlers found an asylum in this beautiful township they have prospered; even while the war was at its height this little rural district, although it furnished numerous volunteers on both sides, continued to prosper, and even during the close times of 1873-8 those farmers who had not involved themselves unnecessarily were not embarrassed. We shall attempt to give the old settlers a prominent part in this chap- ter, a place they deserve. The name of the township will be very briefly discussed in its various relations, that the reader may know something of its origin. The location will be given, appropriately followed by a short treatise on its physical features. It may be that we have failed to get all the facts that are deserving of mention, but if this failure has occurred, it is because they were not accessible at the time of compilation. Name. — All our early settlers appear to have been fond ot drawing on nature's laboratory for derivation of the local names of places, and those names which now appear odd to the present generation were appropriate in the day on which they were given. Elk Fork Township derives its name from the creek of that name, which flows through it and into the Muddy. The creek was given its name by the early hunters, from the 964 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. large numbers of elk and deer and other game, which were abundant along its banks and among the prairies adjacent, making a favorite resort for hunters, who frequented this section in large numbers as long as game abounded. Organization. — This has been a municipal township since the county of Pettis was organized. Its population is 1050. On the township being re-organized in 1872, it was given its old name and its present size, viz: thirty-six square miles, an exact congressional township. Its bound- ary on the north is Lamonte Township, on the east Prairie Township, on the south Green Ridge Township, and on the west JohnsOn County. The physical features of the township are rolling prairie land, with timber along the streams. It is drained by the creek from which it takes its name. Crooked Creek, Long Branch, Walnut Branch and Muddy Creek are tributaries, to the Muddy. The products of the township are such as are common to those of the county and the central part of Mis- souri, and its easy access to shipping points is one of its advantages which cannot be overlooked. Early Settlers. -Among the first settlers of the township were Seth Bott, Arthur Patrick, William Embry, Martellus Embry, Mason Pember- ton, Jesse Pemberton, George Pemberton, Capt. George Glass, Reuben Harrel, Fielding Wolf, Samuel Powell. These gentleman came between the years, 1830 and 1835, and this is as near an accurate list of the pioneers as could be obtained. It was very difficult to determine just who was the earliest settler, as there was so much changing among them at that early day. Some came expecting to remain, but when they began to erect their log cabins, help was so scarce that they were compelled to abandon the idea and move to other settlements, where neighbors and assistance were nearer. Churches. — The first church of which any record is found is the Wal- nut Branch of the Baptist Church, it being one of the old style churches in belief and practice. Of this Association, whose first meeting was held forty-one years ago this church was organized, on the first Saturday in June, 1834, by Rev. Fielding Wolf and Rev. Martellus Embrey, who was invited to assist in the organization of the church. Athel Wolf was elected clerk, and C. Kidd was made deacon at a regular meeting in Decem- ber, 1848; a difference of opinion occurred on a doctrinal point and this difference grew to a division of the society into two parties, each claiming to be the regular church. Walnut Branch Baptist Church. — Was organized in 1 834. Rev. Martellus Embree and Rev. Fielding Wolf were invited to organize a church, who, after due examination of members, proceeded to organ- ize, and Martellus Embree was accepted as pastor. Athel Wolf was elected clerk, and O. Kidd was chosen deacon. The church was Dros- HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 965 perous and grew in numbers. It was served from time to time by Revs J. Baker, J. D. Mercer, Daniel Raives^ J. M. West and James Teague. The doctrines of the church were zealously proclaimed by these spiritual advisors, and in course of time a difference of opinion occurred on a doc- trinal question. This difference of opinion soon caused a division of the the society, and at a meeting of the Lamine River Association the differ- ence was reported to them, and after a patient investigation of the case the association decided that the minority, as regards numbers, was hold- ing the true doctrines of the church, and recognized them as the Walnut Branch Church. The remaining numbers with the pastor, not being recognized as members of that association, reorganized on the first Satur- day in February, 1849, at which were present: Joseph Reed, Letta Reese, Elizabeth Bott, Wm. Embree, Cornelia and Margaret Embree, Mr. Reed, Freman Owen, Angeline Scotton, S. Sloan, Wm. Embree, Sr. Wm. Embree, Sr., was elected clerk of this branch of the church, and held the office for many years. In 1874 Mr. Joel C. Harris was elected clerk and has held the office until the present time. Rev. M. Embree was pastor for several years, and Rev James Teague served the church very faith- fully for twenty-five years, donating his services to the church, it being his personal creed to preach without pay, and the church enjoyed his preaching as well as the practical part of his creed. He died leaving evi- dence of his faith by a long practical life. The first section of the church held the house and books, having the advantage of possession. The sec- ond section of the church has built a house for themselves and is march- ing on to the Kingdom. Old Hickory Point Church House was built by the Baptist, Methodist and Christian denominations about 1853. There was a cemetery attached, which was the only one in this part of the township. This church was used for union services until 1870. The house being in need of repairs, it was found desirable to build another. Accordingly the Metho- dist and Christian churches appointed committees to make the necessary arrangements, and build a church house, which, in due time, was accom- plished. The church was built on land formerly owned by Miss Kendricks, on the northeast quarter of northwest quarter of section thirty- one, on the west bank of Crooked Creek. The house was dedicated by Rev. Wm. Brown, of the M. E. Chureh, and Rev. Randall, of the Chris- tian Church. Each church held services by themselves, one occupying the house in the forenoon and the other in the afternoon. A good state of feeling continues, and both churches are prospering. New Hickory Point Baptist Church congregation built for themselves a. church one-half mile distant, and have a new cemetery attached, in which is buried an old citizen of Flat Creek Township, whose monument is marked as one hundred years old: "Jamas Black, died Oct. 18, 1872, 966 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. aged one hundred years." Quite a large number of aged persons are bur- ied in this cemetery. The officers of this church reside in Johnson County. The first person buried in Old Hickory Church Cemetery was Haw- kins Bard. He was the first post-master in this part of Elk Fork Town- ship, before the post-office was moved to Green Ridge, and then moved to the railroad. Methodist Episcopal Church. — In the spring of 1870 Mrs. Mentzer, A. P. Britt, Dr. Franklin, Mr. and Mrs. Magley, of Elk Fork township \ Mr. and Mrs. George Anderson, James Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. G. B. Koyl of Green Ridge, met in an unfinished building in the village of Green Ridge, and organized a society under the discipline of the M. E. Church, assisted by the Rev. George McKee and W. W. Powell. This became a part of the Windsor Circuit of the M. E. Church, holding meetings in halls and school houses until 1878, when, the membership having increased to thirty, they decided to build a church building, and through the efforts of the members and friends of the church it was erected in the village of Green Ridge in 1880, and was dedicated by Rev. J. N. Pierce, assisted by J. H. Gilispie. The church has been prosperous, the present membership being over forty. Green Ridge being adjacent to Elk Fork Township, the membership are quite well suited to have church in the village of Green Ridge, and it is as much a church of Elk Fork as of Green Ridge, as regards the membership. A very prosperous Sunday School is held, each week, which averages sixty-five members. Officers are elected annually. A large infant class, under the management of Mrs. J. H. Hathaway, is a noted feature of the Sunday School. The first brick house built in this township was built by Dr. T. B. Pem- berton about twenty years ago. The next brick residence was built by by A. E. Mentzer, of brick made by himself on his own farm. The next and last one, by Z. L. Johnson, who purchased the brick of Mr. Mentzer. The last two mentioned, Mr. Mentzer's and Mr. Johnson's, are built in mod- ern style. ISAAC ARCHER. Was born in Stark County, Ills., June 22, 1825, and when about four years of age removed with his parents to Portage County, Ohio, where he was reared and educated. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Garfield's Brigade, as Wagon-master, serving in that capacity about nine months;, then returned to Ohio and engaged in farming and sheep raising. In 1S77 he came to Pettis County, where he has since resided, following farming and sheep raising. His farm, located about one mile north of Green Ridge, contains one hundred and twenty acres of well improved land. His father, William Archer, was bom in Lycoming County, Pa., HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 967 where he grew to manhood. He followed farming for an occupation up to the time of his death. The mother of the subject of our sketch, Sarah, was born in the above named State, where she was reared and educated. Mr. Archer is a good business man, in high repute among his neighbors. He was married in Ohio, Mar. 25, 1848, to Miss Mary E. Palmer, who was born March 23, 1832. By this union they had seven children : Charles W., born Oct. 18, 1849; William W., born June 7, 1852; Carrie B.,born June 11, 1861; Nellie M., born May 24, 1865; Scott C, born April 12, 1868; Sophia G., born April 12, 1868: Lillie B., born June 28, 1870. Mrs. Archer dying, he married Mrs. Permelia Scott, daughter of Cornelius and Sophia Atwood, and widow of Charles Scott. She was born in Ohio, Feb. 14, 1834, and married in June, 1855, and the names of her children by this marriage were: Annie, May 28, 1856; M. J., Feb. 20, 1858; Lizzie, Sept. 15, 1860, died Sept. 16, 1880; Wm. A., Oct. 23, 1861, died Oct. 27, 1863; Charles Scott, her husba.id, died Feb. 19, 1873; H., July 26, 1864; Jessie, Sept. 2, 1867; Eliza E., Feb. 8, 1871, died Feb. 22, 1872. ' ROBERT M. BARD. Farmer and stock-raiser. Post-office, Green Ridge, Elk Fork town- ship. He was born in Pennsylvania, Aug. 10, 1842, and when one year of age his parents removed to Scott County, 111., where he was reared and educated. In the spring of 1859 he went to Fort Scott, Kansas, and remained about one year, when he came to Pettis County, Mo., where he has since resided on a farm. He has a fine farm of 170 acree of well improved land, with all conveniences readily accessible. The location of his residence commands a fine view of the surrounding country. Mr. Bard is a man of good business qualifications, and stands high as a reliable and worthy citizen. He was married Sept. 24, 1868, to Miss Isabella Rob- ertson, a native of Pettis County. She was born Sept. 9, 1852. They have two children, Maud I., born Aug. 27, 1878, and Mattie O., born July 2, 1881. In the fall of 1861 Mr. Bard enlisted in the Missouri State Mili- tia, and served till the close of the war. JOSEPH ROBERTSON. Was born in Washington County, Ky., Feb. 29, 1813. Emigrated with his mother and step-father to Howard County in 1816, where he followed farming until 1839; from there emigrated to Pettis County, where he lived until his death, Jan. 17, 1862. He came to his death by the hands of a band of outlaws for refusing to give up his money. When he first settled in said county he purchased 120 acres of land, but in a few years came in possession of 1,000 acres. His religious faith was that of a Mis- sionary Baptist. He was one of the original members of the Hickory 968 HISTORY OF" ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. Point Church, which was organized at his own house about 1845. In politics was Democratic, but opposed the late rebellion. He was married to Margaret Thomas, his first cousin, in 1836. They had nine children, of whom there are five living: the eldest, Sophronia, was born 1835; B. C. Robertson, 1839; Franklin A. Robertson, 1841, who was murdered on account of politics, on Oct. 28, 1862, while in the South; Elizabeth, born March 28, 1843; Fielding W., born Jan. 23, 1846; George W., April 5, 1850; Isabell, born Sept. 9, 1852; Harvey, born May 27, 1855; Joseph A., born Aug. 23, 1857. ARTHUR J. BETTRIDGE. Farmer and carpenter, Elk Fork township. Post-office, Green Ridge. He was born in New Zealand, May 24, 1843. In the fall of 1860 he emi- grated to America, landing at New Bedford, Mass. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in Company I, Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers, serv- ing one year, when he was transferred to the navy, where he remained till his discharge, which was in June, 1864- He then went to New York, and took a position as mate on one of the merchant vessels bound for South America. Following the sea for four years, he went to San Francisco in Jan., 1868, then to the place of his birth, where he obtained a position in the Revenue Service, remaining in said capacity till, June, 1870. He then returned to the United States, landing at New Bedford, Oct., 1870, then went to Brockton, Mass., where he followed the carpen- ter trade till the spring of 1875, when he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating in this township, where he has since resided, following carpen- tering and farming. He owns a well-improved farm of 108 acres, well situated. Mr. Bettridge is a man of broad and varied experience, and his integrity and moral standing in the community is excelled by none. He was married in Sedalia, Mo., April 3, 1876, to Mrs. Rebecca J. Harris, and by this union they have one child, Edith W. By her first husband she had two children, Elizabeth M. and Elbert W. Harris. JOHN L. BOBBITT. Farmer, Elk Fork Township. Post-office, Knobnoster. He was born in Virginia, Oct. 12, 1817; there grew to manhood, and learned the cabinet maker's trade. In the fall of 1849 he removed to Hancock County, 111., and remained there till 1856, when he removed to Clarke County, Mo. Here he followed the carpenter's trade till 1878, when he came to Pettis County and engaged in farming. He owns a fine farm of eighty acres, well improved, with good residence. He was married in Virginia, Feb. 17, 1840, to Miss Mary Starr. By this union they have been blessed with seven children, four of whom are still living, Missouri A., Virginia W., Tabitha C, Mary Etta L. The names of the children deceased are: HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. Nannie A., George W. and Lewis L. His father, Robert L. Bobbitt, was born in Virginia, Oct. 12, 1790, and followed blacksmithing for an occu- pation up to his death, which occurred in Sept., 1865. His mother Dicy nee Bullard, was born in North Carolina, Oct. 8, 1794, and is still living* in Randolph County, Mo. JOSEPH E. CARTER. Joseph E. Carter, son of John Carter, a native of Maryland, was born in Kentucky, Nov. 26, 1840. Lfved with his father until the latter died, Jan. 10, 1865; was administrator of the estate. Mr. C. received his liter- ary education at Frankfort, then entered the law office of James P. Met- calf, Reporter of the Supreme Court of Kentucky; was in that office three years, then went to the law school in Louisville, then under the charge of Hon. James Guthrie, a noted Congressman of Kentucky; received his diploma and was duly admitted to practice law in any of the courts of that Commonwealth, under the certificate of the Presiding Judges of the Tenth and Fifteenth Judicial Districts of Kentucky. He opened an office for the practice. of law in Nicholas County, and after one year came to Pettis Co., Mo.; purchased a farm in this township, commenced farming and stock raising and dealing in real estate, and was employed in correcting and per- fecting land-titles in this and adjoining States. Mr. J. E. Carter was elected Treasurer of the township school fund in 1868, held that office five years until the most of school houses were built in that township, was a participant in the township election, was elected Assessor, held the office several yeais, was also Deputy Clerk for John Gray during his term of office. . When Mr. Carter came to this township there were but three houses between his home and Sedalia. Mr. C. shipped the first load of wheat at the railroad station at Green Ridge. Mr. J. E. Carter married Mattie, daughter of James S. and Hester L. Zink, Oct. 15, 1868. Mr. Zink is a resident of Johnson County, was a native of Pennsylvania. Her maternal ancestors were of the Dickey family, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Zink's maternal ancestors were of the Hannewunth family, natives of Germany. Mrs. Mattie Z. Carter received her education at the Prince- on High School, Bureau County, 111., under the management of Owen Lovejoy. Mrs. C. has been a successful school teacher. The maternal ancestor of John Carter, father of Joseph E., was Elizabeth Smith, cousin of Hon. William Smith, Governor of Virginia, under the Confederate Government, when Robert Lee surrendered April 9, 1865. Robt, Lee and John Carter were cousins. The mother of Joseph E. was Elizabeth Entrekin, a native of Ohio. Her father was Col. John Entrekin, Colonel of Cavalry under Gen. Duncan McCarter in the war of 1812. His father, John Entrekin, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war; was killed at the battle of Bloody Run, in Pennsylvania, and was a native of Scotland. 970 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. BENJAMIN D. CLARK. Farmer and stock dealer. Section 29. Post-office, Owsley, Johnson County. He was born in East Tennessee, Oct. 8, 1849, where he was reared and principally educated. At about the age of twenty-one he came to Johnson County, Mo., where he remained till 1870, when he returned to his native State and finished his education. In the fall of 1875 he returned to Missouri, locating in Pettis County, where he has since resided, following farming and stock dealing. His fine farm contains one hundred and eighty acres of Well-fenced and well-improved land, containing an orchard of one hundred fruit trees, excellent facilities for water and other advantages in reasonable accord. His father, Benjamin D. Clark, was born in Cocke County, East Tennessee, Dec. 4, 1822, and pursued farming till his death, which occurred Nov. 4, 1849. His mother, Elizabeth Robinson, was born in East Tennessee, Nov. 3, 1826; and Dec. 28, 1852, married a second husband, E. R. Kendrick, of Johnson County. The subject of this sketch was married, Feb. 18, 1880, to Miss Ettie Williamson, daughter of Wm. and Mary Williamson, of Johnson County. They have one child, Wm. L., born Nov. 16, 1880. ISAAC R. DORRANCE. Was born in Monroe County, 111., Dec. 4, 1836. He received his educa- tion in the schools of his native county. In the spring of 1852 he took a trip across the plains to California, taking six months to make the trip. When he arrived in California he commenced herding stock at $40 per month, and continued at it for four years. At the end of which time he purchased a farm and continued farming and stock raising for about six 3'ears more. He then commenced gold mining, and after continuing for about six months at this he returned to his native county, and remained there until March, 1866, when he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating in Elk Fork Township, where he has since resided, following farming and stock raising. He has a farm of one hundred and fifty-eight acres of choice land, with a fine residence and appropriate surroundings. He was married in Calhoun County, 111., to Miss Mary J. Horn, a native of Mis- souri. By this union there were five children, of whom two are living. Mrs. Dorrance died May 12, 1875. Mr. D. was married a second time in Pettis County, Nov. 4, 1875, to Elimeda Bradley, a native of Ohio, by whom he has two children, Randolph and Gordon. HIRAM DYER. Post-office, Green Ridge. Section thirty-five, Elk Fork Township. Farmer and stock raiser. He was born* in Ohio, Oct. 12, 1833, and -when about six years of age went with his parents to Indiana, where he was reared and educated. In 1854 he crossed the plains to California, HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 971 and there engaged in sheep raising and farming till the fall of 1867, when he returned to Ohio. In April, 1869,he came to Pettis County, where he has since resided, following farming and stock raising. He has a fine farm of one hundred and fifty acres, situated about one mile north of the town of Green Ridge. Mr. Dyer enlisted in Company D, First California Cavalry Volunteers, in the fall of 1861, and served three years, and then .was honorably discharged. While in the service he traveled through New Mexico, Arizonia and Texas; also a portion of Old Mexico. He was married in Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, Nov. 12, 1867, to Miss Almira M. Jones, a native of that State. She was born, Jan. 20, 1836. Their family consists of two children: Franklin E., born Feb. 18, 1869, and James M., born Feb. 3, 1871. Mr. Dyer has been a Free Mason since 1866, and his wife has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for upwards of twenty years. PETER GUIHEN. Post-office Knobnoster, Mo. A farmer. Was born in Ruscommon County, Ireland, in Kilronin Parish, June 27, 1832, and continued to live there until he was sixteen years of age, when he emigrated to America and stopped in the State of Ohio, about five years; then came to Illinois and stayed there some two years, after which he spent one year in freighting goods from Fort Leavenworth to Salt Lake City. He returned to Illinois, spent another year there, and then went to Kansas and entered one-quarter section of land, which he now owns. One year after he settled in Johnson County, Mo. He was married to Miss Mary Donnelly, of Johnson County, on the 15th day of March, 1860. Mr. Guihen turned his atten- tion to farming, renting lands. In a short time was able to buy a pleasant home, where he now resides. He was in the Missouri Militia a short time. He went into the grocery business in Knobnoster, Johnson County. Being very successful in that business he soon was able to improve his farm in Pettis County. Mrs. Guihen was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the 12th day of January, 1842; at the age of three her parents emigrated to America, and settled in Troy, N. Y., where they remained about three years, then came to St. Louis, Mo., living there twelve years, after which they spent about two years in Scott County, 111., then moved directly to Johnson County, where she lived until after she was married and after the war. They have had eight daughters, six living and two dead; named as follows: Mary E., Ellen, Rosalie, Lillie, Christian, Lulu, Agnes and Anna. The parents of these interesting daughters are very- happy in the thought that they are growing up to womanhood in that lady-like manner, which will be recognized as an affectionate sisterhood in after life. Mr. and Mrs. Guihen are thoroughly imbued with the spirit of education, hence their daughters are receiving every advantage that 972 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. kind parents can bestow on them. They have a good home, a well culti- vated farm, and a large orchard of four hundred and fifty trees of apples, plums, peaches, etc. All the family are of the Catholic faith. JOEL C. HAM. Joel C. Ham, son of Jabez Ham, and a grandson of Stephen Ham, a native of Kentucky, was born in Montgomery County, Mo., Nov. 23, 1818. He lived with his father until of age; then commenced business for him- self at wagon-making and other mechanical work. Also followed farming, june 29, 1839, J. C. Ham married Mary, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Count, a native of Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of William Groom, of Kentucky. The names of their children are: , William E., born Aug. 11, 1840; Geo. B., May 23, 1842; Mary J., June 14, 1846; John S., Oct. 26, 1848; Margaret C, April 25, 1851; Laura C, Sept. 17, 1853; Isaac S., Jan. 22, 1855; Marietta H., June 14, 1858; died Sept. 8, 1865. The paternal ancestor of Mary C. Ham, mother of the above named children, was Joseph Count, son of Jacob Count, a native* of Germany. J. C. Ham's maternal ancestor was Hannah Todd of the family of Peter Todd, a native of England. The names of the children of the Count family were: Huldah, Rachel, William, Sallie, Nancy, Jacob, Elizabeth, Mary, Susan, Joseph and Aaron. Of the Groom family were: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses and Aaron, who were early settlers of Montgomery County, Mo. Joseph Count had two brothers, Elijah and Jacob; also two sisters, Sallie and Rachel. Joseph Ham, father of Joel, was a minister of the Predestinarian Baptist Church, in Callaway County. Had been in the ministry twenty years when he died, in 1865, aged forty- five years. J. C. Ham's sons and daughters married as follows: William E. married Susan Hawkins, Jan., 1865; George married Minerva Nelson, Aug. 1870; Mary J. married Isaac Dorrence, July, 1865; John S. married Nancy Scranton, Aug., 1867; Margaret married James Crum, Nov., 1873; Laura married William Bogart, July, 1869; Isaac married Sallie C. James, March, 1879. Mr. Joel C. Ham moved from Mont- gomery County to Callaway County, in 1835; followed his business in that county until he came to Pettis County, in 1872, and purchased land of J. M.jPemberton, who entered it at an early day. Mr. Ham is a member of the Walnut Branch Baptist Church; is clerk of the church at the present time. Has been Justice of the Peace for several years. EDWARD JAMES. Post-office, Green Ridge. Section 22, Elk Fork Township. He was born in Ohio, Sept. 6, 1837, where he was reared and educated. Farming has been his chief occupation, both in Ohio and here. In the spring of 1872 he left his native State and came to this State and county, where he HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 973 has since resided, and followed his favorite calling. His fine residence and well improved farm of 120 acres are well situated, and arranged in the best manner for agricultural pursuits. He was married to Miss Eliza J. Remly, of Ohio, daughter of Conrad and Delila Remly, March 3, 1862. Eight children were born to this worthy couple, six of whom are still living: Adaline, Rodman, Lewis W., Frankie, Maud and Clifford. Laura and Clayton, deceased. Mr. James has been a worthy member of the M. E. Church since twenty years of age, and for his many neighborly qualities is highly respected by those who know him. His mother was born in Ross County, Ohio, Dec. 10, 1816, and his father was born in the same county, May 19, 1813, and died June 18, 1876. JOHN KENDRICK. Farmer and stock dealer, section twenty-six, Elk Fork Township ; post- office, Green Ridge. Mr. John Kendrick was born in Cooper County, Missouri, Dec. 23, 1830, where he was reared and educated. His occu- pation has been that of farming, and he now owns one of the best stock farms in Pettis County. It contains 300 acres, is well improved, and has four living wells, also ponds and cisterns. His farm is well fenced with hedge. His handsome two-story residence is beautifully located, and commands a fine view of the surrounding country. From the top of his house the city of Sedalia is plainly seen, also Green Ridge and other points of interest. Mr. Kendrick has a fine flock of Cotswold sheep, and also about seventy head of cattle, besides horses, hogs and other domestic ani- mals. He was married in this county March 9, 1853, to Miss MarthaPow- ell, daughter of S. A. Powell. Their family consists of Samuel A., born March 7, 1860; William R., born June 20, 1866; Maud E., born Jan. 29. 1873; Virginia A., born May 1, 1862, and died May 13, 1879. Mr. Ken- drick has been a member of the M. E. Church, South, since 1854, and still continues laboring zealously in the cause. By integrity and upright dealing he has won the confidence of all. JACOB MAGLEY. He was born in Switzerland, Feb. 13, 1835, and remained in that coun- try until he was twelve years of age, when, with his father, he emigrated to America, landing in New York. From there they went to Ohio, and remained in that State three years, and then they went to Indiana, where he finished his education. After leaving school he learned the carpenters' trade and followed it continuously until 1869, when he came to Pettis County, Missouri, settling ip Elk Fork Township, where he has since resided, and engaged in farming and carpentering. He was married in Indiana, June 22, 186a, to Miss Matilda Summers, a native of Ohio, and 49 974 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. daughter of Solomon and Phoebe Summers. This union has been blessed with eight children, of whom six are living: Ida C, born April 18, 1863, died October 13, 1864; Emmet B., born in September, 1864; Laura P., born August 6, 1866; Orpha D., born June 14, 1868; Phoebe J., born April 14, 1872; Nellie E., born August 30, 1875, died July 9, 1877; Dora E., born June 25, 1876, and Joseph M., born February 10, 1879. Mr. Magly is an enterprising business man, owns a neat 100 acre farm, and has a nice home, located on a commanding spot of ground, surrounded by every comfort of life. JAMES M. McCOLLOCH. James M. McColloch was born in West Virginia, February 12, 1856, where he was reared and educated. After finishing his education he engaged in school teaching and continued at it until 1877, in which year he came to Pettis County, and where he continued to teach for a few years, and then he engaged in farming. He now owns a nice farm of 118 acres, well improved and well fenced, and has a fine residence, beauti- fully located, with complete out-buildings. Abraham McColloch, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in West Virginia, October 25, 1797, and followed the occupation of farming up to the time of his death, which occurred February 17, 1882. His wife, Susan V., was also a native of Virginia. They were married October 25, 1840. She died in the fall of 1862. James M. McColloch was married in Johnson County, Missouri, August 21, 1878, to Miss Mary A. Wharton, a native of West Virginia, a daughter of Silas W. and Elizabeth E. Wharton. She was born June 18, 1859. By this union there are two children, Olive P., born August 28, 1879, and Ettie M., born August 7, 1881. GEORGE V. S. McKINLEY. George V. S. McKinley, son of Joseph McKinley and grand-son of Peter McKinley, a native of Virginia. G. V. S. McKinley was born Jan. 25, 1834, in Rush County, Indiana, and lived with his father until his majority. At the age of seventeen he took charge of his father's farm. In the year 1836 the family moved to Madison, Indiana, remaining there until 1848, when they came to Pettis County, Missouri. In 1854 they went to Johnson County, and returned to Pettis County in 1860, and set- tled on the old homestead where he now resides. Joseph McKinley's family consists of four members, viz: himself, wife and two sons, George V. S. and John. Peter McKinley's children were, Willie, Peter, Joseph, John, Patsey, Anna and Sallie. John died April 2, 1848.. The mother of the last named children was of the Henry family, of Virginia. Geo. V. S. McKinley married Miss Matilda Stephens, daughter of Robert and Eliz- abeth Stephens, February 17, 1859. Matilda Stephens McKinley was V HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHff. 975 horn April 28, 1836. The maternal ancestors of G. V. S. McKinley were the Wells family, who were natives of England, and came to this country at an early day and settled in Virginia. Andrew Wells, Sr., the ancestor of this branch of the Wells family, was born May 16, 1755. William, his first son, was born in. September, 1785; Jeremiah was born May 22, 1790; Andrew J. was born Nov. 29, 1792; Coleman was born May 10, 1794; Katie was born March 7, 1796, and Sallie was born Aug. 25, 1801, mak- ing six children by the first marriage. Andrew Wells, father of the above named children, married for his second wife Miss Eva Houx, a native of Pennsylvania. Their children were Michael, born Nov. 14, 1807; Hannah and Nancy, twins, born in 1808; George, born Oct. 2, 1810; Rebecca, born Jan. 21, 1814; Malinda, Dec. 5, 1813; Levi, born Oct. 30, 1815; Permelia, born Sept. 8, 1817; Thomas, born Sept. 9, 1819, and John P., born Jan. 12, 1822. Eva H. Wells, mother of the above named children, died Dec. 17, 1855, aged seventy-four years. Andrew Wells, Sr., died Feb. 16, 1834, aged seventy-nine years. Adam Houx, brother of Mrs. Eva ti. Wells, was administrator of the Wells estate. Mrs.- Matilda Stephens McKinley's grand-father, David Stephens, was a native of New York State. Her . maternal ancestor was Rebecca Mc- Clanahan, a native of Tennessee, and who came to Cooper County, Mis- souri, in an early day. Mr. G. V. S. McKinley settled in 1860 on land entered by the Wells family, and still has possession of the old homestead. He remained on his farm during the war and suffered many inconven- iences incident to that time. The only child of G. V. S. McKinley is Ida, born Nov. 25, 1867. Mr. G. V. S. McKinley has been School Director for several years. He supports all enterprises which are designed to im- prove the moral sentiment of the community. ALEXANDER E. MENTZER. Alexander E. Mentzer, son of Samuel Mentzer, a native of Pennsylvania, was born July 22, 1821; lived with his father until his majority, and, from boyhood, until his marriage, he followed brickmaking with his father and became master of the business. Mr. A. Mentzer married Catharine, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Metzler, Sept. 10, 1848. Iu 1862 he went to Polk, Ashland Co., Ohio, and commenced merchandising. Soon after, the post-office of the town was brought to his business house, and Mrs. Mentzer was appointed postmistress, and continued in that office for six years, until the family came to Missouri. The names of their children are: Samuel A., born Aug. 25, 1849; Thomas, born Sept. 18, 1851; Abel E., born Sept. 2, 1853; Flora Belle, born Jan. 19, 1859. Thomas died Sept. 4, 1852. Catharine, mother of the above named children, was born Jan. 7, 1829. Her father, Samuel Metzler, was in the War of 1812. Her maternal ancestors were of the Forbes family, natives of England. 976 HTSTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. Mrs. C. Mentzer's maternal grandfather was Robert Forbes, an only son of Gen. Forbes, an officer in the English army, who owned a large tract of land in New York City, under a colonial grant from the crown of Eng- land. Samuel A. married Allie Goodrich, April 8, 1874. Mrs. Allie G. died Feb. 17, 1882. Flora Belle married Asa La Baw, Dec. 23, 1875. They reside in this township. Mr. Mentzer has given his time princi- pally to farming. After getting his farm under fair improvements, has erected a good substantial brick residence, worth about $3,500. Soon after coming to this township, finding the church privileges very poor, and the membership scattered over two or more townships, the members held a preliminary meeting in an unfinished house at Green Ridge, and organ- ized a church according to the form and discipline of the M. E. Church. Mr. and Mrs. Mentzer are liberal supporters of the church and Sabbath- school, and are energetic laborers in all enterprises which tend to main- tain good moral and religious sentiment in the community. Mr. M. has been a director of the public schools for several years. ELDER JOHN DAVIS MERCER. Post-office, Lamonte. Born in Washington County, Tenn., May 25, 1814. His father, Mr. John Mercer, died when John D. was but two months old. He lived with his mother until he was sixteen years of age. Her maiden name was Miss Eliza Wallace, a native of Virginia, and a descendant of the family of Wallaces who emigrated from Scotland, and settled in the Connecticut Colony in an early day. The subject of this sketch left home to learn the carpenter's trade, which required three years, then he continued to work at that trade for eight ) r ears. He had, at the time of his apprenticeship, only a common school education. Dur- ing the eight years he worked at his trade, he attended the Tusculum College, in Green County, Tenn. He emigrated to Missouri in 1837, and settled in Pettis County, where he turned his attention to farming and stock-raising. He was married in 1838, to Miss Pemberton, the daughter of Mr. George Pemberton, a native of South Carolina, who was of Scotch descent. They commenced keeping house in a cabin situated on one hun- dred and- twenty acres of land, which formed a nucleus for the large landed estate which they once owned, containing 1,000 acres, most of which they have given to their children, or sold to actual settlers. The present farm contains 180 acres. They are the parents of seven children, as follows: America, the wife of Mr. John H. Barber, living in Cedar County, Mo.; Marion D., who is also living in Cedar County; Alice W., the wife of Joseph P. Higgins, living in Pettis County. The rest of their children are dead. The soil of his farm is clay mixed with loam, which makes it a good wheat farm — worth $30 per acre. Of late the prosperity which has followed him so many years has been reversed, in the loss of a fine HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 977 dwelling house by fire. Elder Mercer and wife are acceptable members of the Old School Baptist Church, for which he has preached ever since 1848. His troubles during the war were very light, except the loss of money and horses, amounting to over $2,000. He is nearly sixty-eight years of age. Having spent his life in usefulness, he is now looking forward to that rest which is just over the River, where peace and joy forever reigns. HIRAM C. NELSON. The subject of this sketch was born in Indiana, September, 30, 1856. When about eight years of age he went with his parents to Kansas, where they remained until the spring of 1866, when they came to Missouri and settled in Elk Fork Township, Pettis County, where Mr. Nelson was reared and educated. After leaving school he engaged in farming, and in this occupation he is still engaged, owning a neat 100 acre farm of well improved land. He has a handsome new residence, beautifully located, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country, and it is in fact one of the best small farms in the township. His father, Anderson Nelson, was born in Alabama July 12, 1816, and while a boy moved to Indiana. When a young man he followed the carpenter trade. His mother was born in Kentucky, April 4, 1824, and was married in Indiana to Anderson Nelson October 10, 1844. GEORGE M. PEMBERTON, (Deceased). The subject of this sketch, who was the eldest son of Jesse B. and Tabitha Pemberton, was born in Caldwell County, Ky., March 5, 1810. He came to Missouri in company with his brother, Dr. Thomas B., in 1836, and was married in 1839 to Miss Malissa M. Pemberton, daughter of Judge Pemberton, by whom he raised a family of eight children. Mrs. Pemberton died in 1859 with typhoid fever, and also near the same time two of the eldest sons and one daughter died. The names of the children were: Warren G., Mariam B., LucindaB., George M., Brooks G., Thomas F., Jesse B., and Elizabeth T. The three latter died near the time of their mother's death. In 1860 Mr. Geo. M. Pemberton married Miss Sarah E. Pemberton, a sister of his first wife, by whom he had four children, viz: Matilda C, now Mrs. J. H. Tague; J. Lee, Dixie E. and Thomas M. Mr. Pemberton was one of the leading stock dealers of his township, and contributed largely to the development and prosperity of the county. Was also at one time an extensive land owner, having owned in connection with his brother, Dr. Thomas B., nearly 4,000 acres. He died November 10, 1878. He had been a member of the Regular Bap- tist Church for many years, and was a good neighbor, widely known and universally respected. His grandfather, Geo. Pemberton, served as a 978 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. captain of a company of Virginia troops, under Col. Washington, in the campaign with Braddock's army, and it was through their coolness and bravery that the small remnant of that command was saved from com- plete destruction. Capt. Pemberton was also a member of the Regular Baptist Church for eighty years. He had a family of five children, one died young, and the others reached the venerable ages of eighty, eighty- seven, ninety and ninety-three years. He sold his farm in Virginia to the brother of Gen. George Washington, Col. Samuel Washington. He died on the 29th day of December, 1854, at the residence of the subject of this sketch, at the ripe old age of 109 years. » DR. THOMAS B. PEMBERTON. , Prominent among the pioneers of this county may be mentioned Dr. Pemberton, who was born in Caldwell County, Ky., April 23, 1812. His father, Jesse B. Pemberton, was a native of Virginia, and was born in May, 1770, in Frederick County. He went to South Carolina when a boy, and here he married Miss Tabitha Brooks. In 1801 he moved to Caldwell County, Ky. Geo. Pemberton, the grandfather of Thomas B., was of English ancestry, and was among the first families of Virginia. He moved to Kentucky with Jesse B. Pemberton, in which state he died in the year 1854, at the advanced age of 109 years. Jesse B. Pemberton, the father of Thomas B., came to Missouri in 1835, and lived with his brother, George Pemberton, who had previouslv moved to Pettis County. In 1836 Thomas B. and his brother, Geo. M. Pemberton, brought their families through to this county and settled in Elk Fork Township, near the waters of Muddy Creek. Here, on a farm, the father of the subject of this sketch resided, until his death in 1854 in his eighty- fifth year, Thomas B., our subject, was principally raised in his native State. He studied medicine under Drs. Stewart and Pemberton and received his lec- tures at the Transylvania Medical College of Lexington, Ky., in 1835. He practiced one year in Kentucky; then moved to Pettis County, Mo., where he at once resumed his practice, which he followed until 1856, when he retired. Since he retired, the Doctor has been dealing largely in real estate, sometimes owning as high as two thousand acres. He has at the same time been an extensive trader in stock. The Doctor owns yet about 700 acres. He was married to Miss Lucinda Pemberton in 1847. She died March 20, 1879, leaving no children. In politics the Doctor is a Democrat. He became a member of the Regular Baptist Church in 1856. The Doctor is living in the brick house on the old home- stead, knoWn as the Locust Grove farm. CHAS. H. POWELL. Post-office, Green Ridge. Farmer and stock raiser, section twenty-two, HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 979 Elk Fork Township. He was born in Pettis County, Mo., Jan. 29, 1854, and was here raised and educated; then engaged in farming and stock raising. His farm of 260 acres occupies a favorable location for all pur- poses of profit and beauty . He was married to Miss Katie Whitman, Dec. 22, 1876, and they have two children: Samuel A., born Dec. 12, 1877, and Charles L., born June 8, 1880. WILLIAM O. POWELL. William O. Powell, son of Samuel Powell, a native of Virginia, was born in Franklin County, Va., Feb. 11, 1834, and lived with his father until he reached his majority. In 1836, Samuel Powell came to Callaway County, Mo., and in the fall of the same year came to Pettis County, and settled on land near his present residence. The nearest neighbors were George Pemberton, Rev. Martellus Embree and Seth Botts. Samuel A. Powell entered several tracts of land in this township, which remained in his possession and are now held by his children and grandchildren. He died Feb-. 14, 1859. While away from home buying cattle, he was taken ill and did not recover sufficiently to be taken home before his death. William O. Powell married Mary E., daughter of Willis and Jane Record, May 15, 1858, and has followed farming and stock raising as his principal business. The names of their children are: Edward, born Aug. 12, 1865; Alice, born July 28, 1867. Mary E. Powell, mother of the above named children, died July 14, 1878, of paralysis, after suffering several months. After the first attack, medical aid seemed unavailing, and a second attack proved fatal. She was a member of the Hickory Point Baptist Church of the Tebo Association. Her paternal ancestors were of the Record family, natives of Boone County, Ky. Her maternal ancestors were of the Wilson family, natives of Bourbon County, Ky. The paternal ances- ors of Hope A. Powell, wife of Samuel A. Powell, were the Dudleys, of Franklin County, Va. Samuel A. Powell's family consisted of William O., born in Virginia; Martha A., James T., Docia V., Charles H., born in Pettis County. Hope A., mother of the above named children, died May 10, 1865. William O. Powell was one of the first school directors in his district. JEREMIAH D. RENFROW. Post-office, Knobnoster. Farmer. Born Dec. 26, 1827, in Sevier County, Tenn., where he lived with his parents until 1834, when they emigrated to Missouri, and settled in Cole County, now Moniteau County, when the county was new. His parents were born in East Lynn. His father, Mr. John Renfrow, was a farmer and raised his family, especially his two sons, to be farmers. The father died in 1839, leaving the care of a large family to J. D. Renfrow, the subject of this sketch, which remained 980 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. together until he was twenty-six years of age, when he was married to Miss Rachel, the daughter of Absalom Stevens, of the above named county, where they continued to live until the spring of 1864, when they moved to Johnson County, Mo. They remained one year there, when they moved to their present farm in Pettis County, and have remained here until the present. The farm contains 307 acres of high rolling prairie, well cultivated land. Mr. J. D. Renfrow is the father of seven living children, and three who died in infancy. Those living are named as follows: Mary S., Robert J., Elizabeth, Jesse D., Franklin, Alexander and Rachel. All are healthy and industrious children. Feeling the need of education, they are giving their sons and daughters all the advantages in their power. The soil of the farm is composed of clay mixed with loam, being well adapted to the raising of wheat, corn and oats, and all kinds of grasses also grow well. He has a fine orchard of apples* pears, plums, peaches, cherries and smaller fruits, with a good two-story frame house and out buildings, which make this one of the most desirable farms in this part of Pettis County. Mr. and Mrs. Renfrow and oldest daughter are acceptable members of the Christian Church. JOHN N. SPICKERT. Post-office Green Ridge. Farmer and stock dealer, section twenty- eight, Elk Fork Township. He was born near Louisville, Ky., Nov, 5, 1830. At about the age of eight he removed with his parents'to Indiana, where he grew to manhood. His father, Nicholas, and his mother, Mary A. Spickert, came from France, and in an early day settled at Portland, Ky. His father pursued farming and stock raising with great success until his death, which occurred in April, 1875. His mother died in July, 1869. The subject of this sketch was engaged in agricultural pursuits and mercantile business until 1852, when he engaged in steamboating and followed it until 1859; then returned to Indiana and farmed until April, 1866. At this latter named date he came to Pettis County, and has since carried on farming and stock raising. His large and well improved farm, containing 906 acres, is situated about nine miles southwest of Sedalia and is acknowledged to be one of the best in the county. His residence is beautifully located, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. Although a self-made man, Mr. Spickert is well educated and is master of several different languages. He is also a finished accountant and book- keeper, and has the broadest business experience and unflinching integrity. He was married in Indiana, Nov. 14, 1858, to Miss Mary C. Quinces, daughter of Peter and Mary C. Quinces, and by this union they have ten children: John C, born May 7, 1860; James W., born Feb. 15, 1862; Amelia, born Jan. 28, 1864; Mary C, born Feb. 26, 1866; Louis T., born Aug. 28, 1868: Ella, born Nov. 28, 1870; Ida, born Dec. 31, 1872; Annie, HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 981 born June 14, 1875; Edward, born Jan. 10, 1877; Eugene F., born Oct. 6, 1880. Mrs. Spickert's parents were born in France, and while children came to America, and settled in Floyd County, Indiana, where they have since resided, her father following the cooper's trade, and also farming. JOHN Q. TANNAHILL. John Q. Tannahill, son of Charles Tannahill, grandson of Melzar, a native of Maryland, was born in Richland County, Ohio. He came to Missouri in August, 1853, and settled in Johnson County, Mo., in the southern part on Big Creek. He built and run a saw mill for six years, continuing it with farming anil stock raising until the commencement of the war, then went to Moniteau County in 1863; continued stock raising and farming until 1866, then came to Pettis County and purchased the farm where he now resides. This farm was entered and partly improved by M. M. Pemberton. Mr. Tannahill was elected judge of the county ■court, April 5, 1876, and was re-elected November 25, 1878. He held that office till the expiration of the term, though not an aspirant to office. He is an earnest advocate of improvements in township or county; ■encourages educational and religious enterprises, and has been several terms director of the school district in which he resides. John Q. Tanna- bill married Louisa J., daughter of Solomon and Nancy Baker, Feb. 16, 1859. Solomon Baker's father was Thomas Baker, a native of Richmond, Va. Solomon Baker's wife was Nancy Elliott, a native of Kentucky. Her maternal ancestor was Nancy A. Campbell. Charles Tannahill married Mary, daughter of Allen Olliver, an early settler of Maryland. The Olliver family were natives of Germany. Melzar Tannahill's pater- nal ancestors were natives of Scotland. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Elizabeth Lile, a native of Ireland. Mrs. Nancy Baker is now a .member of the J. Q. Tannahill family, a hale and hearty lady of advanced years. George Elliott, a relative of the Elliott above mentioned, was a member of the Kentucky State Legislature for four years; also sheriff of Adair County, Ky., for several years. The names of the chil- dren of J. Q. Tannahill are: Nannie C, born Feb. 25, 1862; Mary E., born Jan. 13, 1865; Lile B., born July 18, 1867; Charles C, born March 18, 1870; Maud E., born Sept. 11, 1872; Sarah Q. C, born Aug. 6, 1876. All of the above named are now living. PATRICK A. THATCHER. Patrick A. Thatcher, son of Jonathan Thatcher, a native of Ohio, was born June 9, 1830, in Kentucky. He lived with his father until 1843, when his father died; he then had charge of the family until he married Mary, daughter of John and Mary Leathe, January, 1850. He remained there until 1852, when he started with his family to California. The' 982 HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. cholera being epidemic that year, many of the emigrants were afflicted with it. Mrs. Mary Thatcher took the disease and died on the plains, leaving Mr. Thatcher with a daughter eighteen months old. He contin- ued with his daughter, and arrived in California after a long and tedious journey. During the next year he sent his daughter back to Kentucky, but remained himself in California until 1860, when he returned to Missouri. His mother's family in the meantime had moved to Missouri, settling in the northeastern part of Pettis County. During the war Mr. P. A. Thatcher was lieutenant of a company of militia under the command of Col. Spedden, serving until the close of the war. He then followed farming and stock raising until 1869, when he purchased the farm where he now resides, which was unimproved prairie, the nearest neighbors being two miles away. Mr. Thatcher was born in what was then known as the Pond settlement, near Louisville, Ky., but which is now part of Louis- ville. He was named after Doctor Patrick Joyce, an intimate friend of his father. He lived in this place until his father moved to Laurel County in 1843. Here his father died during that year. Mr. Thatcher received his political bias from an old gentleman acquaintance, during the political campaign, when President Polk was elected. Like many others he was hurrahing for Polk, having in his hand a long poke-stalk, swinging it as the men did flags. His mother being an ardent Whig, made him stop; but the old gentleman encouraged him to stick to his Polk, and gave him a piece of money to get his stick and hurrah for Polk. He did so and has always adhered to the old line Democracy since, in all political issues. In 1846 the family moved to Knox County, to the residence of Wm. Van- noy, the paternal ancestor of his mother. Mr. V. was at that time called the wealthiest man in that county. Mr. Thatcher was again married September 11, 1862, to Bettie, daughter of Mrs. Charlotte B. Stark. The names of their children are: Addie B., born Aug. 17, 1863; M. E., born Jan. 27, 1865; Talitha E., born May 2, 1867; Charlotte A., born July 26,. 1869; Luella, born July 5, 1871; Fannie W., born June 16, 1873; Edward L., born Sept. 5, 1875; Lotha E., born June 23, 1879; Jeannette G., born Dec. 4, 1877, died June 8, 1878. Addie was married to Marcus Skillman, Jan. 30, 1880, and now resides in Vernon County, Mo. Mrs. Bettie S. Thatcher's maternal ancestors were the Stark family, natives of Tennes- see. Merica, only daughter of Mary Leathe Thatcher, was born Sept. 23, 1850. JOHN G. WADDLE. One of the representative farmers of the township is the subject of our -sketch. He was born in the noble State of Kentucky, Nov. 25, 1827, and at the early age of four years, he with his parents moved to Illinois, where he was reared and educated. His father, James H. Waddle, was born in HISTORY OF ELK FORK TOWNSHIP. 983" Virginia, in the year 1 800, and .was raised in Mercer County, Kentucky, where he followed the business of manufacturing boots and shoes. In 1846, he enlisted in Captr- Miller's Company, 2d Regiment Illinois Volunteers, as private, and was elected Second Lieutenant of his company over William Morrison by a large majority, and served until the close of the war. He was at the battle of Buena Vista, Mexico, where his com- pany fired eighty-four rounds. He married Elizabeth Mundy, in 1820. She was a native of Mercer County, Kentucky. After Mr. Waddle left school, he crossed the plains to California and engaged in farming, in which he continued until 1865, when he returned to Illinois and remained there until the spring of 1866, when he came to Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married in 1859, in California, to Miss Amanda Morrison, a native of Louisa County, Iowa. This union has been blessed with nine children, viz: James M., born April 29, 1861; Amie, born Feb. 22, 1863; Perry H., born July 1, 1864. These were born in California. Mary E., born Nov. 23, 1866; Ulysses G., born Jan. 25, 1869; Samuel, born Oct. 5, 1871; William, born June 16, 1874; France, born Aug. 24, 1878; Bertha May, born Oct. 18, 1881. William died June 19, 1874. Mr. Waddle is a man who stands high with his neighbors, and is universally esteemed. CHRISTOPHER C. WOOD. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Lamonte. Was born in Albemarle County, Va., May 20, 1837, where he was reared and educated. After leav- ing school, he learned the blacksmith trade and continued at it about seven years, when he engaged in farming and continued at this until 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, 57th Virginia Regiment, and served until the close of the war. He was engaged with his command in the battles around Richmond, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and also several other hard fought battles. He was wounded at Gettysburg and taken prisoner, but paroled after being in prison about two months. He was captured again at the battle of Five Forks and held prisoner until after the close of the war. After being released he returned to Virginia, where he con- tinued farming until the fall of 1876, when he came to Saline County, Mo., remained there one year, and then moved to Pettis County, where he has since resided, following farming. He owns a fine farm of 135 acres, all well improved. He is a man of thorough business qualifications and an established reputation for honor and fair dealing, and in his com- munity has many friends. He was married in Virginia, March 23, 1858, to Miss Virginia Wright. This union has been blessed with only one child, Adlach V., born Aug. 21, 1861. Mrs. Wood died May 23, 1862. Mr. Wood married a second time in Virginia, May 27, 1866, to Miss Lizzie M. Austin. By this union they have three children, Minnie L., 984 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. born May 5, 1867; Willette F., born Jan. 1§, 1869; Oscar L., born Jan. 25, 1871. CHAPTER XXI— PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name — Organization — Configuration — Early Settlers — Resources — Pros- pecting for Lead — Facilities for Shipping — Churches — Schools — Good Templars — Incidents — A Farm House with Three Occupants Burned — A Noble Dog Killed in a Hunt — " Cap's Head " — Biographical. Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play, The soul adopts, and owns their first-born sway. — Goldsmith. Since the day on which this township was christiened, time has been at work. The wheels of progress have been turned westward, and by skill and industry the intelligent sons of toil have developed the natural resources, which the liberal hand of the Omnipotent has so freely distri- buted among them. Situated under a genial sky in a latitude where the healthful climate makes living a luxury, where liberty, honesty of purpose and high regard for the welfare of the community hold full sway, live some of the best families of the county. May not their children with relevancy and due respect, honor the names of their respected sires? A few biographical sketches of to-day may appear meaningless and out of place, but perhaps ere the sands of time have worn through a century hence, these pages will have been venerated and baptized with tears from sympathizing friends, whose hearts almost melted in love and admiration, mixed with sadness, for those who have retired to the city of the dead. Many of those who were born and reared here can reflectingly call to memory, " the house where I was born," the rural home, where the log cabin, in its primitive grotesqueness, stood by the little woods that skirted the stream. Soon after this followed the little log school house by the road side, and the well. remembered schoolmaster who, with rod in hand, ruled the little school. Progress and enterprise have brought wealth and affluence to many of the early settlers. The circumstances of the war developed many unfor- tunate occurrences in the loss of property, but this has been restored, and in the lapse of nearly twenty years but little remains to tell the sad story that once this beautiful little rural spot witnessed the passage of armed men, and neighbors' hands raised against each other. Name. — It is quite common to notice the importance attached to a name. Individuals, objects and places alike become conspicuous. The name of a township, after years of familiarity, becomes a common household word. We care not where the individual mav roam, he will still tenderly recall the name of his home township. HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 985 Prairie Township derives its name from its most striking physical feature, that of its broad expanse of elegant prairie land ; and could anything be more appropriately or fitly named? Its beautiful rolling prairies covered with well-tilled farms give it in spring time the appearance of a vast sea of emerald green. It occupies the priaire divide between the Muddy and Flat Creek, and is nearly wholly prairie land. Organization.— The township was originally a part of Elk Fork, but as the county was settled up and needs of a muncipal government became greater, the townships were subdivided, and from the original Elk Fork Township was made what is now Elk Fork, Washington, Green Ridge and Prairie. It occupies township forty-five, range twenty-two, and is an exact square, being six miles each way. Its northern boundary touches Dresden Township; its eastern, Sedalia and Flat Creek; its southern, Washington, and its western, Elk Fork. Configuration.— The land as we have said is principally rolling prairie, and is nearly all susceptible of cultivation. The streams that cross the township are Camp Branch and Coon Creek. These two streams are bordered by some timber, but the greater part is merely brush, affording shade for stock only. Early Settlers. — The early settlers of the township located in the northwestern part of it, and among them were Daniel N. Botts, A. G. Pemberton, J. C. Donnahue, J. H. Lewis, A. Shobe, Jackson Quisenberry, W. P. Hawley, Athel Wolf. These were early parties who opened the county to settlement, and later came Robert Fowler, who has sons yet living in the county. D. C. Whitsett, M. F. P. Woodson, A. G. McClung, T. J. Lester, G. W. Rayburn, D. H. Bagby, Jos. and James W. Cole came at a somewhat later day. Resources. — As a farming community this has all the advantages that could be sought. It has deep, rich soil, and its products are inferior to none in the county. In its borders are found no minerals of any account. A few years ago in the southeastern part there was some prospecting for lead, but it was not found in quantities sufficient to pay for working, The shipping facilities are good, the township being crossed from northeast to southwest by the M., K. & T. Railroad. It is near enough to Sedalia to put it in easy connection with that excellent shipping point by its wagon roads, and in the fall the roads are lined with loaded wagons, bearing to market the products of its farms. Churches.— In an early day the members of the Christian Church, by the aid of some of the other denominations, built a church house near the north line of this township, but the members were few and they soon were scattered, and the house fell into decay and was torn down. An old D86 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. cemetery still marks the place. Messrs. J. C. Donnahue, John Gray, A. Shobe, Brice McVoy, Jackson Quisenberry and Ephraim H. Carrington were the principal supporters of that church. The house was built for church and school purposes. Ephraim H. Carrington was the first per- son buried in the cemetery. Charles Lewis donated the land for the church and cemetery. Camp Branch Baptist Church was organized in February, 1877, by W. H. Rodgers, assisted by Rev. E. H. Burchfield, of Brownsville, D. H. Thompson, J. Letts and S. Keel. The original members were Zalman Haight, Mrs. Haight, Samuel Arnett, Mrs. L. Arnett, Sarah Malcom,. and Mrs. N. Rayburn. Members of other Baptist churches assisted in the organization as required by the Baptist Church rules. Their services bave been held at school houses and private dwellings. They have held several stated meetings with success and the membership has increased to twenty-five members. Recently the official members of the church have secured ground, and are now collecting funds and material to erect a church building. Plans and specifications are already adopted, and the matter is in the hands of a building committee, to procure necessary ■means for erecting the house. Messrs. G. W. Rayburn, J. W. Cole and building committee, of which Mr. Rayburn is chairman, and knows no such thing as fail in that sort of an enterprise. The house will be built. This church belongs to the Missionary Baptist Association. Rev. W. H. Rodgers has served this church since its organization, for small compen- sation. He is a zealous minister, and is true to the land-marks of the church of his choice. McKee Chapel was organized by Rev. Geo. McKee, in 1866, the soci- ety using a school house until 1878, when, by the aid of the members and friends of the church, sufficient funds were secured to erect and enclose a church building. Rev. J. N. .Pierce, presiding elder at the time, took charge of the matter, and in due time the building was completed. The aiames of the original members are: John Q. Ryan, Freelove Ryan, Mr. Marian, Mrs. Marian, Leander Robinson, Margarette Robinson, A. P. Britt, Mrs. A. J. Haverly and Wm. Roley. There is a cemetery, which is under the management of the trustees of the church, connected with the church property. The following have been pastors of this church: Geo. McKee, W. W. Powell, M. Warren, Revs. Kellogg, Smith, Loutz, Oechsli, Gillispie, Hanson and A. P. Sallaway. The present number of members is forty-five. They have a Sunday School held every Sunday, with an average attend- ance of forty. Henry Hill is Superintendent and R. D. Hancock, Secretary. They do not adjourn the Sunday School over winter, but continue through '.bad as well as pleasant weather. HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 987 Schools. — School District No. 1 was organized March 18, 1867. Mr. G. W. Rayburn, D. A. Bagby, A. P. Britt and William Kirkpatrick met, after due notice had been given, and elected officers as required. by law, and had a school taught, and as soon as the necessary means could be procured, built a school house and furnished it with apparatus, such as was needed for the time. School District No. 2 was organized in 1870, a joint district^ with a part in Dresden Township. The school house was built in Dresden Town- ship, it being more convenient for obtaining a site for school purposes. The first Directors were Samuel B. Hoss, John G. McClung and David C. Whitsel. The first teacher was John D. Brown. School has been taught since, averaging about eight months each year. School District No. 3 was organized September 14, 1871. At the first meeting of which any record can be found, R. H. Delamater, J. W. Cole and W. C. Quisenberry were elected Directors. The first teacher was Alex. Dow. Professor Westlake taught a select school in this vicinity some time before this; the date is not certain. School District No. 4. In this district Messrs. J. Ryan, N. W. Par- berry, J. Parberry and Benj. Helvin during the year 1859 took steps to organize a school district. They secured a building and had a school taught. Mr. J. Ryan was clerk of this district for many years. School District No. 5 was organized in 1868. A school house was built in the spring following, and in September the first school was taught by Charles Franklin. Mr. Wm. H. Vannatta was the first School Direc- tor. They have about eight months school in the year. In early times from four to six months was the rule. The public school interests are improving and a better grade of schools are being established, and longer terms are being taught. School District No. 6 was organized about 1870, but the date of the first school is thought to be April, 1872. The first officers then elected were Sam. J. Knott, J. Glover and John Howard, with T. J. Close as the first teacher. The first records of the school district were not to be found, the first clerk having moved away. Any earlier dates could not be procured, but the late reports of the school are very good. The terms of school are about eight months in the year. Good Templars. — The friends of temperance in School District No. 1 called a meeting of the citizens of that and adjoining school districts, and organized a lodge of Good Templars, April 6, 1876, with fifteen charter members. The officers were George W. Rayburn, W. C. T.; James Lord, W. S., and Mrs. Nancy Rayburn, W. T. This lodge has con- tinued until the present time and the membership is now increased to fifty members. On November 27, 1881, Mr. J. Y. Nesbit organized a lodge of Good 988 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. » Templars in School District No. 3, with forty charter members. The officers were Richard Harris, W. C. T., and Timothy Rhodes, W. S. This lodge is increasing in numbers, and is maintaining a good temper- ance sentiment in the community. J. D. Helman has held the office of Lodge Deputy of the I. O. G. T. for several years, and who, together with his wife and daughter, have kept themselves busy in the cause of temperance. Incidents. — Among the incidents of the early settlers were the destructive fires on the prairies and high water in the creeks. The fire raged with great destruction frequently to the early pioneers who had neglected to plow around their little homesteads and burn the dead grass for a few rods around them. Hunting and fishing were extensively engaged in and the trophies of the chase were numerous. Some grand old times were had by the early hunters that came here from older settled parts of the State. When the raising of log cabins was in order, Mr. Joseph Stewart was elected by a unanimous vote as the boss of the com- munity at cabin raising. He had a peculiar trait of getting more work out of a given number of men, in a certain length of time, than any other man in the neighborhood. In the early days of the chase in this township a party of hunters from Cooper County had a fine dog with them on one occasion whose name was Captain. During the hunt he had an encoun- ter with some wild animals and was pretty badly hurt, so badly indeed that they were compelled to leave him at their camping place and return for a conveyance to take him to the nearest settlement. When .they returned the next morning the wolves had killed the noble animal, and left nothing but his head at the place where they had left him. For many years afterward this camping place was called " Cap's Head." Some sad experiences have been recorded in this section. On Novem- ber 18, 1860, Charles Lewis was killed by a tree falling upon him, and the next day Albert Shobe died at an adjoining farm. Thus were two fami- lies of neighbors stricken with grief at nearly the same time; not a com- mon thing for those comparatively early times. In 1873 Mr. Wm. Keightly's house was destroyed by fire, and himself, sister Addaile, and a little boy, who made his home with them, were consumed in the fire. Many other interesting incidents could be enumerated. JAMES W. COLE. James W. Cole, son of Samuel Cole, of Cooper County, Mo., was born in Cooper County, Oct. 14, 1832. He lived with his father's family, farm- ing and herding stock until 1850. Early in this year he, with two other young men, started for California. Other men with their teams joined them, until the company numbered forty men, having eight teams. Then the company organized, with Thomas Jackson as captain. The company HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 989 continued together, and all reached their destination except two, who died on the way. Mr. Cole returned in 1853, coming by way of the Gulf of Mexico. He soon after collected a drove of cattle, and went to California again. He was about five months on the way, and was successful in get- ting through with his stock. He remained in California until 1857, when he returned, reaching home, in Cooper County, about Christmas. He again collected a drove of cattle for another trip, but, owing to the warlike attitude of the Mormons, concluded to wait until another season, herding his stock on Flat Creek, Pettis County, until 1860. Having delayed the trip to California, he decided to marry and settle down in Pettis County. Feb. 4, 1858, he married Mary E., daughter of David and Marian Darke, of Cooper County. Their first children were twin girls, born the 24th day of February, 1859, whom they named Sallie E. and Maggie E. In March, 1860, they came to this township, where they now reside. Their other children are: Stonewall, born July 20, 1862; Minnie M., born April 17, 1864; Parmenas, born April 10, 1866; Mary C, born April 10, 1868; S. D., born Nov. 4, 1869. Two of the children died in infancy. Sallie E. was married to Jacob Rhoades, Aug. 20, 1878. Mag- gie was married to John Harris, Dec. 23, 1880. All of the above are resi- dents of this township. Mr. Cole began to deal in thorough-bred stock in 1863, principally the imported Durhams recorded as the " Flora" in the American Herd Book. His stock has been kept on record since the first, in the Herd Book at Buffalo. He began to deal in Cots wold sheep in 1870, and has kept in that line until this time, frequently purchasing the premium sheep at the Kansas City and St. Louis fairs, securing the best representatives of that breed of sheep without regard to cost. Samuel Cole, father of James W. Cole, had an eventful history, being one of the first settlers of Missouri south of the Missouri River, their neighbors being the Sac and Fox Indians. He was acquainted with Blackhawk, who afterward became a noted warrior. Samuel Cole is now living, at the age of eighty-two years, and is quite active. James W. Cole is an active member and supporter of the Baptist Church, and is now assisting to raise a fund to build a church house in this township. WILLIAM H. DAVIDSON. Was born in Ashland County, Ohio, Feb. 28, 1841, where he was reared and educated. After leaving school he engaged in farming, con- tinuing the same till 1861, when he enlisted in Co. H, 42d Ohio Infantry, under Gen. Garfield, and served three years, participating in all the engagements of Garfield's regiment. After his honorable discharge from the army, he returned to Ohio and engaged in farming, which he continued until coming here in 1871. He owns a fine farm near the town 50 990 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. of Green Ridge, located in section thirty-one, Prairie Township, Pettis County, Mo. He was married in Ohio, Dec. 23, 1867, to Miss Mary De Arman, daughter of James and Annie De Arman. She was born Jan. 25, 1841. Their family consists of two children: Hugh R-> born. Oct., 16, 1869; and Clara, born March 16, 1877. CLAYTON T. DAVENPORT. Clayton T. Davenport, son of Ephraim Davenport, and grandson of John Davenport, and great-grandson of William Davenport, a native of Great Britain, was born Feb. 11, 1824, in Casey County, Kentucky, on what was called the Sputh Fork of Green River. He lived with his father until his death, which occurred April 28, 1842. Clayton then took charge of the home farm until the 20th of March, 1849, when he married Maria C, daughter of David H. and Nancy King. He continued on the farm until November, 1849, when he moved his family to Pulaski County, and lived there one year, and then returned to Casey County, and 'purchased the old homestead of his grandfather, John Davenport. He remained there until 1862, and then went to Morgan County, 111., and commenced trading in real estate, dealing in stock and, farming in that and Logan County, 111., until he came to Pettis, March, 1878. He lived here one year, and then went to Johnson County, where he stayed two years, and then returned to Pettis, where he now resides. The names of their chil- dren are: David K, born April 17, 1850; John E., born Oct. 12, 1852; Marion C, born Feb. 5, 1855; Wayne J., born March 14, 1857; Lorenzo D., born Oct. 26, 1861;. Lulu D., born March 27, 1866; Burleigh D., born July 12, 1869. David, John, Marion and Wayne were born in Kentucky, and Lulu, Maria and Burleigh were born in Illinois. John E. was married to Millie A., daughter of Joseph and Jane Bowyer, of Morgan County 111., April 6, 1871 ; David K. married Lydia E., daughter of Joseph and Mary Lombard, August 30, 1871; Marion C. married Ida, daughter of Milton and Kate Wood, of Sangamon County, 111., June 4, 1878; Wayne J. married Amelia J., daughter of Charles and Amanda Scott, Nov. 8, 1880. The paternal ancestors of Mrs. Maria C, wife of Clayton T. Dav- enport, were natives of Ireland, of the family of Robert King, who came to Kentucky at an early day, settled in Lincoln County, and purchased a large tract of land, a part of which is known as King's Mountain, through which is a long railway tunnel. Mr. Davenport has had large experience in stock-dealing, also real estate, having dealt quite extensively in Illinois and Kentucky. He has not sought office, but has beea honored with important offices at different times by his fellow citizens. ANDREW LOCKE HAGGARD. Farmer and stock-raiser, Prairie Township, section 15; P. O., Sedalia. HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 991 He was born in this county, Aug. 4, 1849, where he was reared and edu- cated, after which he engaged in farming and stock-dealing. He was married Oct. 6, 1879, to Miss Bettie Elmore, a native of Kentucky. By this union they have one son, L. Hampton, born Aug. 18, 1881. Mr. Haggard is a thorough busines man, and enjoys the well deserved reputa- tion of honesty and fair dealing among his neighbors. He has a fine farm of 290 acres of well-improved land, being well fenced and watered. His residence is fine and beautifully located, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. His stock averages about seventy-five head of cat- tle, also sixteen head of fine young mules, four head of horses, and thirty head of sheep. He has a fine young orchard of sixty trees, and also a nursery and good hedge 'fences and other modern improvements and con- veniences. About forty acres of thrifty young timber furnish other attrac tions to his ample domain. ROSWELL D. HANCOCK. The subject of this sketch, Roswell D. Hancock, is the son of Stephen Hancock and grandson of John Hancock, and great-grandson of Stephen Hancock, a native of Virginia. He was born in Warren County, Mo., Jan. 18, 1841, and lived with his father's family until 1859. He then went to Franklin County Mo., and attended school until 1863. Pie then entered Bowdoin College of Maine, and remained two years. Returning to Frank- lin County, Mo., he purchased a farm and followed farming until 1866. He married Mary C, daughter of Daniel M. and Juliette Leet, Nov. 1, 1866, and lived in Franklin County until 1875, when he came to Pettis County, to the farm where he now resides. The names of their children are: Roswell L., born Sept. 24, 1867; Mabel J., born June 12, 1869; Anna M., June 27, 1871; George M.July 7, 1873; John C, July 18,1876; Frank E., Dec. 22, 1878, and Mary B., March 4, 1881. Mary Leet Hancock, mother of the above named children, was born Dec. 25, 1848, and died March 10, 1881. Her paternal ancestor was D. M. Leet, a native of Penn- sylvania, and her maternal ancestors were of the Kelsey family, who are natives of New York State. Mrs. Mary L. Hancock received her lit- erary education at the Greenville Baptist College of Illinois. She was a member of the O. S. Presbyterian Church until 1880, when she with her husband joined the Methodist Church at McKee Chapel, there being no Presbyterian Church in the neighborhood. Mr. R. D. Hancock has fol- lowed farming generally, and occasionally has taught school. Stephen Hancock, father of R. D., was born in St. Charles County, in 1815, and his father, John, was born in Kentucky, and John's father, Stephen, was born in Virginia. He settled in Kentucky at an early day and came to St. Charles County in 1798. Afterward in company with two others he came up the Missouri River and located a claim near the mouth of the 992 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. Lamine River Feb. 4, 1804, and received his patent from the Spanish Government. He remained on his homestead during his life, having lived under three different governments: Spanish, French and American. He died in 1820. His son John died the same year. Stephen H., father of R. D., remained on the homestead until his death, which occurred in 1845. GEORGE D. HICKS. The subjects of this sketch were natives of Massachusetts. Mr. George D. Hicks was born March 18, 1808, in Amherst, Mass. Mrs. Abigail Burnet Hicks was born Oct. 3, 1810, in South Hadley, Mass. They were married Oct. 17, 1832, and lived in that vicinity until 1836; then came to Brown County, 111., and remained there three } T ears. Mr. Hicks . being a practical miner, went to Galena, Daviess County, 111., and followed mining until 1850. He then went to California and remained two years, then came back, visited his family and again went to California, remained two more years, then returned and purchased a farm in Rockford, 111., and fol- lowed farming until he came to Pettis County, in 1867. Here he pur- chased another farm and continued farming while he lived. They have eight children, viz: Maria A., born Oct. 25, 1833; George, born Feb. 8, 1835; Rodolphus, born Sept. 8, 1836; Hollis, born March 21, 1839; Isaac N., born Aug. 6, 1841; Stephen B., born Aug. 11, 1844; Emma A. and Anna A., twins, born April 11, 1849. Hollis died Sept. 17,1840; Anna A. died April 26, 1849; Emma A. died June 6, 1851; Stephen died Jan. 16, 1879. George D. Hicks, father of the above named children, died Aug. 23, 1879. Maria A. married Thomas Oughton, Aug. 2, 1855; Rodolphus married Mary Runhala, Nov. 16, 1864; Isaac N. married Jen- nie E. Mandeville, Feb. 21, 1867; Stephen married Judith Hovey, Sept. 3, 1869. Maria A. began teaching at an early age, and while teaching. in Wisconsin was called to go to Jamaica, West Indies, to teach as a mis- sionary for the Baptist Church, and after a preliminary examination in New York was appointed to the place designated, and soon after entered upon the work. She remained there three years, then returned home and remained one year, after which she returned with her husband, Thomas Oughton, an eminent attorney of Jamaica, where they now reside. Geo. Hicks, when about the age of sixteen years, commenced his literary edu- cation in Beloit College. He pursued his studies three years, after which he commenced the study of law, with an attorney in Mt. Carroll, 111. He remained at this place until near the close of the war. At the last call for soldiers he recruited a company of Volunteer Infantry, which was attached to the Ninety-sixth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was elected captain. His first engagement was at the battle of Lookout Mountain. Capt. G. Hicks was in other engagements of less note until the close of the war. He was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel of his Regi- HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 993 ment during his service in the army. After his return home he did not pursue his studies, his health being poor. After several efforts to find a suitable situation, he finally went to Jamaica, West Indies, and is now engaged as Inspector of Schools of that place. Isaac N. Hicks learned printing early in life and has continued in that business. He is now a resident of Kansas City. Rodolphus remained at home until he was of age. He then spent one year in Iowa, and then went to Bedford, Mass. where he shipped as sailor on a whaling vessel, made one voyage and returned to port. He then went to Arizona, married, and after two years went to California, where he now resides. Stephen followed farming at home until the beginning of the war, and at the age of sixteen years joined the United States army as a drummer, and served three years. He had a short furlough, then he re-enlisted and continued through the war. Returning home he commenced farming, but his health failed, and after a long and painful sickness died in 1879. Mrs. Abigail Hick's paternal ancestors were natives of Massachusetts. Her mother, Abagail Burnet, lived to be eighty-six years old. Mrs. Abigail Hicks is now. seventy-one years old, and is very vigorous, retaining her strength remarkably well. Mr. Geo. D. Hicks and wife were members of the Congregational Church in Green Ridge. They assisted in organizing the church and were earn- est supporters of it, and all the religious sentiment in the community. Mrs. Hicks is now the only representative of the family in this county. She remains on the farm. JOHN H. LEWIS. John H. Lewis, son of Charles Lewis, a native of Richmond, Va., was born in Boonsboro, Ky., Feb. 2, 1811. He followed the tanning business, having learned it while young, until he came to this county, in 1838. His father came to this county in 1837, and settled in this township. John H. commenced to farm and raise stock. He entered some land and purchased other tracts, until his farm contained 1,200 acres. In Dec, 1840, he mar- ried Saludia M. May, daughter of Mrs. Mary May, a native of Virginia, and about this time he built the house that he now lives in. The names of his children are: Charles H., born Oct. 14, 1841; Mary J., born March 22, 1843; John W., born Jan. 28, 1845; Barnet G., born Jan. 2, 1848; Zachariah T., born June 2, 1849; Austin, born July 15, 1851; Albert R., July 15, 1853; Perry, born Feb. 2, 1856; Sarah A., born June 30, 1858. Saludia, wife of J. H. Lewis, died xVIarch 27, 1877; Austin L. died Sept. 2, 1852. Charles H. Lewis was accidentally killed by the limb of a tree which he was felling for making posts. The tree in falling broke a large limb, which caught him and crushed his head. A colored man who was with him, ran for help. Mr. W. E. Middleton was the first to help remove the limb off" of the man. He was taken home, but died 994 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. before surgical aid could be procured. The sons of Mr. J. H. Lewis are unmarried. The daughters are both married. Mary J. was married to James Mudd, July 16, 1878. They now reside in Johnson County, Mo. Sarah A. was married to Newton F. Gaston Dec. 17, 1877. They reside in this township. Mrs. Gaston is a native of Clay County, Mo. When Mr. J. H. Lewis first came to this' county there were no improvements within twelve to eighteen miles to the south and west. The early settlers located on or near the creeks, not thinking the prairie land desirable, being too far to haul rails, or too cold for a residence, therefore they took what seemed to be like the old homestead in Virginia. The wild animals, insects, big flies, and other things made a great deal of trouble. Horses had to be blanketed at times, and sometimes fires were built to make a smoke to keep off the green flies. The cattle soon learned to keep on the side of the smoke for protection. Prairie fires at some seasons were ver}>- destruc- tive. Mr. J. Lewis has given his entire attention to farming and stock- raising; has taken but little part in politics; has never held office in the county; has been but once a petit juror; has never had a suit in court. The Lewis family usually have from seventy-five to two hundred head of cattle, and about that number of Cotswold sheep, usually from J. W. Cole's herd. PATRICK H. LONGAN. Patrick H. Longan, son of George Longan, grandson of Augustus K. Longan, was born in Pisgah, Cooper County, Mo., April 17, 1846; lived with his father while they remained in Cooper County; went with the family to -Benton County, Mo.; remained there farming and in the nursery business until 1865. The family then came to Pettis County. He con- tinued with them until he married Angeline, daughter of Joseph and Ellen Donnahue, March 12, 1869. Remained in charge of the homestead until 1877, when he purchased a farm in the neighborhood and moved his fam- ily to it, and continued there until 1881, when he returned to the farm first taken in this township by his father, where he now lives. The names of P. H. Lohgan's children are: George W., born Jan. 24, 1870; Rufus E., born Jan. 7, 1873; Joseph C, born Dec. 27, 1875. Hon. Augustus K. Longan, grandfather of P. H., with his brother, Rev. John B. Longan, were among the early settlers of Cooper County. J. B. Longan was a Baptist Preacher, and preached several years in that locality. He was Moderator of the first Baptist Association held Sept. 24, 1824. P. H. Longan has in his library a copy of the minutes of that meeting. Augus- tus K. Longan was elected to the State Legislature in 1822, and again in 1844 and 1852; served a full term each time. His son, George Longan, is a distinguished Minister of the Christian Church; has been preaching several years, and is now actively engaged in another county. P. H. Longan was educated in a High School taught by his father in Warsaw, HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 995 Benton County; also attended other schools after coming to Pettis County. JACOB F. MILLER. Jacob F. Miller, son of John L. Miller, a native of Wirtemberg, Ger- many> was born Dec, 1845, in Pike County, O., lived with his father until his majority, then went to Sciota County and engaged with J. -Baker to superintend his stock farm ; remained at this place until Sept., 1872, when he came to Pettis County, and took charge of another farm and stock for Mr. Baker, where he continued until 1876, when he married Sophia, daughter of Frederick and Anna B. Reichel, March 9, 1876. Mr. Miller's ancestors we're early settlers in Moniteau County, Mo. The names of Mr. J. F. Miller's children are: Elizabeth B., born Jan. 11, 1877; John J., born Dec. 16, 1879; Catharine, born Nov. 26,1881. Mr. John Miller, father of J. F., has been for many years engaged in stock-raising and farm- ing generally, and still follows the business at the advanced age of seventy- seven years. Jacob F. commenced in that line of business early in life, and has been very successful. The family of John L. Miller are: John, Elizabeth, Catharine, Jacob, David, Milton and Barbara. The first three named were born in Ohio. Mr. Jacob F. Miller is a member of the Lutheran Church, as were all of his ancestors, as far as he can remember. Mr. Miller's early business habits and superior faculty for observing the different conditions of stock, and their management in large numbers, and his experience in farming on a large scale render him a successful agricul- turist. COLUMBUS PARK. Columbus Park, son of John Park, a native of Kentucky, was born in Pettis County, Mo., Dec. 8, 1846, and lived in his father's family until 1857, when they went to Johnson County and remained until the fall of 1869. Jan. 14, 1869, he married Sarah A., daughter of Dennis and Jane Donham, and he then commenced farming for himself, and soon after moved to the farm where he now resides. Columbus and his father, as did many of the citizens, joined the Home Guards of that locality, in order to protect themselves from the bushwhackers. Once, while on picket duty, two of their number were shot, the bushwhackers being in ambus- cade. This occurred on the line of Pettis and Johnson Counties, near what is now Sigel post-office. Mr. John Park, father of Columbus, came to Pettis County in 1836, and settled on Coon Creek. He was then eighteen years old, and worked out on farms in that vicinity until he mar- ried Sodosky, sister of John H. Lewis. He then settled on land now owned by Mrs. Whetsel. Mr. John Park was an active member of the Christian Church and assisted in supporting a society in that locality while 996 HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. he remained in this county. Columbus is the only living child of his father's first family of children. His mother died some time ago. Mr. John Park has since married, and now resides in Johnson County. The nearest post-office was Georgetown, but it was common for the settlers to join together and go to Boonville to buy their supplies. Columbus P. is a member of the Christian Church, and is assisting with money and labor to build a church house in Green Ridge. The family record is as follows: Columbus Park, born Dec. 8, 1846; Sarah A. D. Park, bora Feb. 15, 1848; Sodosky M., born April 29, 1870; Charles E., born March 11, 1872; Caleb S., born April 7, 1876; Frank, born July 31, 1881; Sodosky M. died Oct. 12, 1873. Mr Park's health has not been very good for several years. He has opened a prairie farm and built a good house and has a library of the latest publications, to which he will soon add a History of Pettis County. GEORGE W. RAYBURN. George W. Rayburn was born in New Marion, Ripley County, Ind., Sept. 26, 1826, and lived with his father until 1853, during which time he gave his attention to various mechanical pursuits, and learned the carpen- ter trade during his boyhood. He built and run a saw mill on a creek known as Indian Kentuck. Was at that place six years. Oct. 5, 1853 he married Nancy, daughter of James and Mary Rayburn, of Madison County, Ind. In the spring of this year he commenced business with Wm. Clough's car works and remained at that place until 1857, when he moved to Roseville, Warren County, 111. ; then followed farming until he came to Pettis County and settled in this township, taking a farm on the open prairie. The nearest farms were from one to two miles away. The names of their children are: Edward L., born Aug. 24, 1854, in Madison, Ind.; Charles D., born Sept. 12, 1856, in New Mar- ion, Ripley County, Ind., having moved his family to that place in the fall of 1854. Mary E. was born May 1, 1859; Allie A., born Sept. 19, 1861 ; John F., born Feb. 5, I860; Mary E. died Sept. 23, 1860; Halley M. was born May 14, 1878, died Feb. 22, 1879. In 1857 he moved again to Rose- ville, Warren Countj^, 111., and at this latter place three of his children were born, Mary E., Allie A. and John F. While the family remained at Roseville, Mr. Rayburn traveled in different States to find a location, and after visiting several counties in Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky and Missouri, concluded that Missouri was the place, and in 1866 came to this county. The general health of his family was good except Edward, who had frequent attacks of pneumonia from which he suffered greatly at times. This difficulty finally culminated in consumption. He went to San Antonio, Texas, in the fall of 1880, and remained until he died, April 22, 1881: Allie A. was of slender form and not very vigorous constitution. HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 997 •She had several attacks of pneumonia and other diseases incident to the cli- mate, and finally took consumption and died March 30, 1878. Charles D. married Lucy E., daughter of W. H. H. and Mary Flesher, Sept. 23, 1879. Mr. Rayburn with others of his neighbors made an effort to organize a school district soon after coming into the county. After due notice, a school district meeting was held and directors elected, and soon after a school house was built. He was one of the directors for several years, was also Township Clerk of public school, and has always endeavored to discharge faithfully all the duties assigned him by his fellow citizens. He took a deep interest in educational, moral and religious enterprises in the community, assisted in organizing a lodge of Good Templars in his dis- trict, and is now earnestly engaged in building a church house for the Camp Branch Baptist Church located near. He adopts and uses all modern methods of farming that promise an improvement on the past. JOSHUA W. S. RHOADES. Joshua W. S. Rhoades, son of Abraham Rhoades, a native of Penn- sylvania, was born in Pike County, O., Dec. 22,1825. Assisted his father until his death, which occurred in 1840 ; then went into business for him- self, continued farming in that county until he married Mary A., daughter of Barnet and Sarah'Reardon, Oct. 13, 1850. Remained there until March, 1876, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. The names of their children are: John W., born July 24, 1851; Sarah E., Feb. 10, 1853; Susan, born May 23, 1855; Jacob, March 7,1857; William H. H, Jan. 24, 1859; Timothy H., Feb. 26, 1861; James F., May 1, 1863; Mahlon E., Oct. 16, 1866; Margaret E., Nov. 23, 1869. Mrs. Mary A. R. Rhoades, mother of the above named children was born Oct. 9, 1829; her paternal ancestor was John Hixon, a native of Virginia. The Hixon family came to Ross County, Ohio, at an early day and numerous families are scattered through that and adjoining counties. Mrs. Rhoades' maternal ancestors were of the Park family, who came from Wales. Sarah E. married John Eisen- bart, Oct. 17, 1872; she died Oct. 7, 1879. She was a member of the M. E. Church. Jacob Rhoades married Sallie E., daughter of James and Mary Cole, Aug. 21, 1878 ; they now reside in this township. During the war Mr. J. W. Rhoades and his fellow citizens were called out to resist John Morgan in his raid through Ohio. He was mustered into a com- pany under the command of Capt. Fletcher Slain, who without resistance surrendered his men to Morgan. It proved an inglorious act, as Morgan was captured a few hours afterwards, and the citizens returned to their homes. J. W. Rhoades joined the M. E. Church in 3857, in Jackson, Pike County, Ohio, at what was then known as the Davis school house, and now called Sharonville. Mrs. Mary A. Rhoades, and daughters, Sarah E. and Susan, were also members of that church. Mr. Rhoades contrib- 998 HISTORY OP' PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. uted to all churches and church enterprises that were designed to improve the moral sentiment of the county in which he lived. After coming to this county, Mr. Rhoades joined the M. E. Church at McKee Chapel, in this township, giving his hearty support to all its enterprises. He is an earnest advocate and supporter of public schools, and was a director many years. He gave encouragement to the Temperance Reform. The family are members of Good Templars in the neighborhood. Mr. Joshua W. S. Rhoades died Jan. 26, 1882. Abraham Rhoades, father of Joshua, was born, April 25, 1773; his mother. Margaret Rhoades, was born, June 10, 1786. The names of their children are: Rebecca, Sarah A., Susannah,. Henry H., Washington, Elizabeth, Rose, Abraham J., Margaret A., Joshua, Jacob, Mary A. and Eliza A. The last named were twins, born Sept. 3, 1830. LEANDER ROBINSON. Leander Robinson, son of Tyre Robinson, and grandson of Thomas Robinson, who was a native of Ireland, was born in Washington County,. Pa., Aug. 1, 1836; lived with his father until sixteen years of age, during which lime he followed farming. In 1842 the family moved to Morgan County, O. He continued farming and raising stock until 1852. Leander then commenced railroading in various ways, sometimes superintending men-^-jobb'ing or handling timber for ties, until 1858, when he married Margaret C, daughter of Thomas and Margaret Carlin; he again commenced farming, but occasionally worked at railroading. During the war Mr. Robinson joined a military company, which was organized in his vicinity, the company being called out at the time of Morgan's raid. The captain of his company, T. W. Moore, desired him to take charge of his business. Mr. Robinson procured a substitute to fill his place in the ranks and remained in charge of the business of the captain. Subsequently the company was transferred to the regular army. Mr. R. remained in that place until 1865, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. The names of his children are: Henrietta C, born March 11,18 — ; Mary E., born July 10, 1867; Edgar H., born Feb. 9, 1869; Charles T., born Sept. 16, 1871;. Ellsworth, born July 10, 1867, died in infancy. Henrietta C. was married to Henry Hill, in November, 1874. Tyre Robinson, father of Leander,, had seven children, four daughters and three sons; all except one daughter and Leander are now residents Of Ohio. Mrs. Margaret C. Robinson's maternal ancestors were from England. Mr. L. Robinson joined the M. E. Church, at Marietta, Ohio, under the ministry of I. F.. King; has continued his membership until the present time, contributing to the support of the church in all of its branches, holding some official rela- tion continually; has been leader and exhorter, doing much to build up the society and maintain a good religious sentiment in the community in which he lives. HISTORY OF PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. 99^ LOUIS STOCKMAN. Was born in Belgium, Europe, Oct. 11, 1835, where he was reared and educated. After leaving school he learned the baker's trade, and contin- ued in the same till 1856, when he came to America. He landed at New York, then proceeded to Milwaukee, following his trade here and in Chicago until the fall of 1858, when he went to St. Louis, where he remained until 1871. Mr. Stockman came to Pettis County in the spring- of 1871, and has since resided here, following stock dealing and farming. He has eighty acres of well improved land, with a brick residence beauti- fully located, commanding a grand view of the surrounding country. Mr. Stockman has the broadest experience and his many qualities as an upright citizen has won him many friends. ANTON TRACHEL. Son of George Trachel, was born in Weimar, Saxony, Germany, March 3, 1839. He came to this country in 1850, with his father's family, settling in Washington County, Ohio. He followed farming with his father until March 15, 1868, when he married Ruhamia, daughter of Rebecca and Daniel Kerns. Mr. Trachel remained in Washington County until he came to Pettis County, Mo., in November, 1875, to this township, where he now resides. The names of Mr. Trachel's children are: William W., born Jan. 15, 1870; Elizabeth Z., born Feb. 22, 1871; Loretta, born April 9, 1872; Elfie, born Sept. 23, 1873; Bertha, born Nov. 30, 1874; Sadie, born Feb. 25, 1876; Elsie, born March 16, 1879. Mr. Trachel ha-s been school director for several years, respondent to every call on a citizen con- tributing to every demand, as the necessity of the case seemed right to him. His father, George Trachel, was a stone-cutter in Germany, hav- ing served an apprenticeship of -four years. He was there employed on public buildings as master of the business. He had charge of work in Berlin and Leipsic and other cities of Germany. George Trachel died in Washington County, Ohio, April 1, 1868, being about sixty-seven years old. His wife, Elizabeth, died March, 1873, aged sixty-nine years. Mrs. Ruhamia Trachel, mother of Rebecca Kerns, was a daughter of Reuben Phillips, a native of Virginia. WILLIAM H. VANNATTA. The subject of this sketch, William H. Vannatta, son of John Vannatta,. and grandson of Aaron Vannatta, who came to this country with Baron Van Stuben, from Holland. Aaron Vannatta settled in New Jersey dur- ing the Revolutionary war. His son, John Vannatta, was born Jan. 29, 1806. He married Mary, daughter of John Hunt, a revolutionary soldier. Mary Hunt was born Sept. 4, 1794. William H. Vannatta was born April 14, 1828, in Butler County, Ohio. He lived with his father until he mar- 1000 HISTORY OF' PRAIRIE TOWNSHIP. ried Adelia M., daughter of William and Elizabeth Olden, July 29, 1852. John Vannatta,- father of W. H. Vannatta, came to Madison County in 1832, and remained in this county until 1863, when he moved to Macoupin County, 111., where he remained until 1867, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. Soon after he purchased the farm where he now resides. Mr. Vannatta with some neighbors, in 1869, organized a school district, No. five, and as soon as means could be procured, built a school house and was the first director, and has always advocated thorough education, and has endeavored to maintain a high standard of qualification of teachers for public schools. The names of their children are: Amanda, born April 17, 1853; Sylvester, born Sept. 23, 1854; Ellen, born August, 1856; Allie H., born Aug. 1, 1858; Celia, born Aug. 25, 1860; John W., born March 30,1862; Mary E., born March 16, 1864; Frank W.Jan. 19, 1866;Cuyler H., born Nov. 16, 1867; Eddie M, born Dec. i, 1864; Oscar J., born June 24, 1871 ; Nellie I., born Dec. 30, 1879. Sylvester died Sept. 22, 1861. Celia died Oct. 25, 1863. Frank Webster died Aug. 6, 1875. Celia's death was caused by her clothing taking fire, having been for a short time alone in the house. It was not known how the fire was caused. She made an effort to get to her father in the field near by, but died before help could reach her. Amanda was married to Robert Ewers, Feb. 7, 1877. They are now residents of Pettis County. Adelia Olden Vannatta's paternal ancestors were natives of Canada. Her maternal ancestors were of the Parker family, and natives of Canada, who were in possession of a large estate in the vicinity of Montreal in an early day. Mr. W. H. Vannatta was a mem- ber of the Christian Church. His daughters, Amanda and Allie, were also members. He has always assisted in building churches and other institutions for the maintenance of a high .standard of morals in the com- munity in which he lived. He was a stockholder in the Utica College in Illinois. Amanda and Ellen were successful school teachers. Mr. Van- natta had the misfortune to have his residence burned in 1878. It was a serious loss, having no insurance; his policy having expired about three months previous. He has another residence built on the same place, but not so large as the former. THOMAS WESTLAKE. Farmer. Section sixteen, post-office, Sedalia. He was born in Ohio, July 3, 1818, where he was reared and educated. In 1848 he moved to Scott County, Iowa, and engaged in farming two years, then in 1850? came to Pettis County, Mo., where he has since carried on farming and' . stock raising. In the early days of Mr. Westlake's residence here, the people went from thirty to forty miles to mill, and occupied three to four days on the trip. He was married to Miss Nancy Garvin, Nov. 9, 1843. HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1001 By this union they had three children, Cyrus, William and Darius. The mother of these children died in October, 1846, and July 2, 1857, he mar- ried Mrs. Urcilla Steel, of this county, for his second wife. This union has blessed them with five children, Maggie, Mary A., Melvina, Stella and Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Westlake are highly esteemed by their neighbors and acquaintances, for their many approved qualities. CHAPTER XXII.— SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. Introductory — Situation — Name — Organization — Physical Features — Old Settlers— Agri- culture — Horticulture — Stock Raising— Priceville— Farmers City — Smithton — Rail- roads — Churches — Cemeteries — Early Ministers — Schools-^-Ci vie Societies — Incidents — Biographical Man, through all ages of revolving time Unchanging man, injevery varying clime, Deems hiSjOwn land of every land the pride, Beloved by heaven o'er all the world beside, His home the spot of earth supremely blest, A dearer, sweeterspotthan all the rest. Smithton Township, located in the eastern part of Pettis County, and south of the central line that divides the county from east to west, and being traversed its entire length by the splendid line of the Missouri, Pacific Railroad, has all the advantages that could be asked for any town- ship or town. Its situation is all that could be desired. Its climate such as is productive of all that is best in the grand belt of country in which it is situated, and its people, such as are found only in this favored part of Missouri. Although Smithton Township is apparently a small area in the country, yet it has a history, interesting and worth reading, for all those living within its bounds, which in after years will be held in sacred memory by generations yet to fill the places of their fathers, and to read and think as they have done. Without entering into controversies concerning the origin, cause and bias of the various factions and difficulties pertaining to the people and this locality,' we proceed to give the facts and dates of prominent events as gathered from reliable sources, precluding from our narrative anything tinged with political or religious bias or family preference. History is the narration of past events as they have occurred. It is the grand master that has unlocked the storehouse of past ages, and presents to our view all the glories of those empires which have risen, flourished and fallen in the ages past. Hence, so dear to us is the history of our country and ourselves, that we should claim it as a birthright, to be vigilantly guarded, lest through carelessness we forget our ancestors, our institutions and our- selves. 1002 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. Smithton Township, devoted as it is to agricultural pursuits, has every advantage which should be sought after by the husbandman. Its soil is ■deep, rich, and productive. Its drainage is excellent. Its timber is plen- tiful. Wealth predominates, and nowhere do we see that sign -of care- less indifference that marks other spots, which in a day's ride may come Tinder the observation of the traveler. Well tilled farms, well kept fences, beautifully trained hedges and nicely trimmed orchards are on every hand. All seem to take a pride in making homes that are attractive, and so far their efforts have been crowned with abundant success. What has been •done at so comparatively an early day in this township, can be surpassed by those who come into possession, after those who are now so perfectly grading and paving the way before them. If we were permitted the privilege to see the present improvements completed and those of the next fifty succeeding years, would any of the famous, perfectly improved ■estates of England, France or Germany surpass them? Would any of them equal? Certainly none would surpass them in beauty of scenery that they may possess; undoubtedly none can surpass them now in amount or value of their productions. A more inspiring scene cannot be witnessed than that of a farm at the busy season. It will be pleasant to those who are the offspring of the pioneer settlers to peruse these pages, for we shall endeavor to make the most striking features pertain principally to the old settlers and their surroundings. We shall attempt to give the reader narratives of pioneer life, descriptions of interesting localities and personal reminiscences. The staple products of the locality, the quality of the soil, the course and size of the principal streams, the educational advantages — all these items of interest, and many others, will be dwelt upon." We will give, also, as full as our information will allow, sketches of the rise and progress, and the present condition of the various religious denominations of the township. Also, short biogra- phies of the leading men, living and dead, who have been prime factors in building up the township. The names will be briefly noticed as is most relevant. The location and physical features of the township will be . given more in a general view, excluding technical points of minute and secluded nooks. Roads, fences and creeks will have a more prominent place in the descriptive geography of the township, in connection with the physical features. The population of 1880, with such other statistics as could be gathered before and after that date, will be produced. The town of Smithton, with name and such incidents as will remind the reader of its present and future prospects. We shall speak of the post- •offices, schools, cemeteries and other interests, as we have recourse to historical facts. No historian, however well versed in antiquities, can possibly give all the incidents relative to the many changes of a county or township. Public records and documents are supposed to preserve cor- HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1003 rectly the dates, but frequently these cannot be found, and if found, may not contain just the desired facts in minute detail of the information wished to be obtained. The memories of the pioneers have materially aided in giv- ing events. If all the dates are not correct, or all the facts are not given as prominently as they should be, it is because the sketcher has failed to procure the desired information. However, it is hoped that the history of the township which we have compiled may be of interest to the popula- tion of- the section for which it is written. The name most common is frequently chosen in commemoration of par- ticular objects or persons. The ancients, and many persons of this age, found in hills, valleys, mountains and forests, ideas for appropriate names. From time immemorial it has been the custom for admirers of great men to call that which was near and dear to them by the name of those whom they admired, who had been their benefactors, or had been largely inter-" ested in their welfare. Founders of cities, towns and villages, discoverers of countries, lakes and rivers, were and are wont to designate those par- ticular places by their own name, or those whom they delight to honor and whose memory they wish to perpetuate. Thus we have America, numerous Columbuses, Washingtons and on down to local people and places. This is but just. It is right that tribute should be paid to the memory of one who, above all others, has been a benefactor to his locality and its people. Smithton Township takes its name from Gen. Geo. R. Smith, whose name is so inseparably connected with Pettis County and all Central Mis- ouri. A biographical sketch of the General is given in full in this volume beginning on page 418. Organization. — The township was organized in 1864. It was origin- ally a part of Bowling Green Township, and its early history will have to be given in connection with that township. It was separated from the former township in 1864, and the order of the court, as seen in connection with records, will show that although separate voting places were established at that time, the township was not organized until May 13; 1873. Configuration. — The shape of the township is a square. It is bounded on the north by Bowling Green Township, on the east by Morgan County, on the South by Lake Creek Township, and on the west by Sedalia- Township. It occupies the eastern and southern portion of Pettis County: embraces in its boundaries thirty-six square miles, and has 23,- 040 acres. The greater portion of the land is tillable, and is gently undu- lating prairie-land, except along the creeks, where it is more broken and plentifully timbered. Farms of eighty to 900 acres, beautifully improved, the larger ones with elegant blue-grass pastures, are on every hand. The railroad follows along the divide or watershed the entire distance through 1004 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. the township, and from this divide the scene is one of inspiring grandeur. Standing on the depot platform at the statjon, a view of miles each way is spread out before the attention of the lover of the beautiful in nature. To the north can be seen the hills and vales of Elk Horn Valley, covered with its well kept farms, and herds of cattle and sheep. To the east the same scene presents itself to view. On the south the valley, drained by Flat Creek, stretches away in a seemingly endless view oi lovely farms, tended by thrifty and contented husbandmen. A more perfect watershed cannot be found anywhere than that on which the railroad runs. The rain falling on the north side runs away in Elk Horn Creek into the Muddy and reaches the Missouri by way of the Lamine River, while that falling on the south reaches the same outlet by way o.f Flat Creek, which enters the township in section nineteen, flowing thence through sections thirty, twenty-nine, twenty-eight, twenty-seven, twenty-six, twenty-five and twenty-four. In section twenty-five it receives the water of Lake Creek ; on the southwest quarter of the northwest • quarter of section twenty-five, township nine. Wells of living water are obtained by going down twenty-five to forty feet. Water for stock is plentiful, the never failing wells and streams affording abundance for the dryest season. Early Settlers.- — Those who. came before and prepared the way for these settlements of which we have been speaking, we call the brave pioneers. Well may the old settlers say with the now lamented poet: The course of my long life hath reached at last, In fragile bark o'er a tempestuous sea, The common harbor, where must rendered be Account of all the actions of the past. Very soon those living who have seen the country change from the wild nature to the high state of domestic beauty and enlightenment, will have passed away. The old settlers of this township were of that better class who were neither -too fond of romance nor did they settle down to common place ideas. Their nature chose the "golden mean" in respect to culture. Most of their time for the first few years was spent in opening up homes, and hence they could not pay that regard to education due from noble ancestry. They kept sacred the family blood of Old Virginia and Kentucky. Let it be a transgression of laws, or otherwise, these families were too proud of their stock and ancestry to see their posterity become connected with inferior families. In many cases they erred, per- haps, but, nevertheless, no better families ever lived than those of Smith- ton Township. Among the most prominent of the early settlers in the township (then Bowling Green) are Joseph Scott and wife, who came from Kentucky in 1815. They have since passed away to that better land. James Roberts, from Missouri, came to the township in 1820. He died some years HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1005 since. N. Steel came from Kentucky in 1820 to this township, and has been dead a number of years. John Porter, also from Kentucky, came in 1825, but is now numbered with the dead. George Smiley, from the "Blue Grass State," came to the township in 1825, and a few years since passed to his final rest. Robt. Ross came to the county and settled in the township in 1827. He also came from the "Blue Grass Region," He is now dead. Daniel Wright came to the State from Alabama in 1831, and settled in Bowling Green Township, Pettis County. He is now dead. William Smiley came to the township from North Carolina in 1832, and still lives, an honored citizen of the township. George Small came in 1825 from Kentucky, and lived a number of years in the township, but is now dead. Andrew M. Wright came to the township from Alabama in 1831. He still lives in the township an honored and respected citizen of his community and of the county. The Judge has been largely connected with the improvement of not only his immediate community, but also of the county at large. At the close of the war he was appointed to the office of Judge of the County, and when his appointment expired he was elected to the office for the term of six years, and filled it with credit to himself and great satisfaction to his constituents. He claims to be a true specimen of the early pioneers of the county, and is proud of it. He still resides on the original farm (110 acres), but during the period intervening between his coming to the township and the present time he has owned and disposed of considerable tracts of land and has given his two married daughters nice farms each. Clinton Young came to the township in 1830, from Tennessee, and his brother, Clayburn Young, from the same State in 1839. Both are now dead. The first marriage in the township was that of Mr. Robert Ross to Miss Mercy Potter in 1832. At that early day marriages were of some consequence, and the whole country round-about were invited, and they came from all quarters. It was not anything like our latter-day dress- suit and satin affairs, except in vows. All came to enjoy themselves, and they most certainly did. From accurate descriptions we are le d to believe far more happiness resulted in the majority of those early unions than at the present day, when may vows are taken for the purpose of increasing worldly wealth. The pioneer ministers were Revs. Wolf and E. Morey, both Old School Baptists. They looked after the spiritual welfare of the early settlers in 1831. In 1837 Dr. Thomas Evans located in the township. The first school was taught in a log cabin in 1832, by Wm. Miller. Mr. Miller was afterwards elected County Judge. The school house occupied a piece of ground in section twenty-three, township forty-six, range twenty. The 51 1006 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. first meeting was held at the residence of Joseph Scott. Thus, early were the religious and educational interests of the township looked after. Enterprises and Industries. — As before mentioned, the principal in- dustries of the township are agriculture, stock raising and fruits. The .shipments of all these products are large and remunerative. It is a com- mon average for wheat to produce from twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre and corn from forty to seventy bushels per acre. These cannot be overlooked by the immigrant who seeks a desirable location: First, a fine climate; second, a soil of wonderful productiveness; third, timber in abundance; fourth, water in abundance; fifth, good schools and churches; sixth, good society. What more can be asked? With land constantly increasing in value it is plain to be seen that an investment in this town- ship will yield an interest equal, if not superior, to any other in the country. The township roads are good, the streams spanned by good and substan- tial bridges, and the facilities for shipments over the railroads are unsur- passed. The nearness to market allowing the highest price paid for pro- duce, be it wheat, corn, flax, potatoes, cattle, sheep, hogs, or products of the orchard, dairy or apiary. Churches. — At an early day the churches of different denominations held meetings in private houses. The first church building that was erected in what is Smithton Township, was erected in 1844 by the Methodist Episcopal denomination. It was, as all the early buildings, built of logs, with rough benches for seats, and destitute of all modern conveniences. Rev. Sebastian Bard was the officiating minister. Mr. Bard was the circuit rider for this district in those early days, and his cir- cuit extended from Jefferson City to St. Joe. Preaching was held at each appointment once each month, and the minister frequently had to ride forty miles in one day to meet his appointments. He preached every day in the week. The next church erected in the township was built at Far- mers City. This church was moved to Smithton shortly after that town was started. Methodist Episcopal Church. — The present Methodist Episcopal Church, of Smithton, was organized Nov. 26, 1866, by Rev. J. B. Stout. In the summer of 186S a commodious frame house of worship was built, at a cost of ^)3,600, by Rev. Nathan Jewett. It was dedicated to the wor- ship of God on Nov. 28, 1868, by Revs. T. H. Hagerty and W. R. Mar- shall. The pastors to the present time have been Revs. J. B. Stout, G. McRea, N. Jewett, S. Alexander, W. A. Boucher, E. P. F. Wells, A. H. Heinlein, A. P. Sallaway, J. B. Daniel and W. G. Cowan. The original members of the class were T. Ellison, E. Ellison, N. Ellison, J. Silken, Mrs. Silken, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Norton, Mr. and Mrs. W. D.Norton, Mr. and Mrs. E. N. Norton, Mrs. Galbrath, C. Bohon, Susan Bohon, S. Martin, HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1007 W. H. Mers, E. Mers, Lydia Heismeyer, P. Martin and Lucy Wilkinson. The class has increased until it now numbers one hundred and fifty mem- bers. In connection it has a large and flourishing Sunday School of over one hundred members, of which George Griffin is Superintendent and James Ringen is Secretary. The church is, as we have said, a frame building 38x56 feet, eighteen foot ceiling, with cupola and is comfortably furnished. A good revival of the Lord's work followed the dedication of the church, and fifty persons united with the church in December, 1868. Also in 1871 and 1872, and in 1878 and 1881 there were held good revival meetings. The aisles and pulpit are covored with carpet, the seats com- fortable, chandeliers, and the house is heated with wood stoves. German Methodist Episcopal Church. — The German Methodist Episcopal Church of Smithton was organized by Rev. Charles Stneck- mann, in the year 1866, and they erected a frame house of worship in 1868, at a cost of $1,700. The building was dedicated by Rev. F. Stoffregen in May, 1868. The class have the following named Ministers in charge: Revs. C. Sha, J. A. Reitz, J. P. Miller, C. F. Fleiner, Charles Stneck- mann and J. H. Asling. The records of the organization show the fol- lowing names of original members: M. Monsees, Sen., G. Monsees, M. Monsees, Jr., H. Monsees, H. Alkin, H. Demand, J. H. Kruse, M. W. Wittlinger and F. Tangier. The present membership is sixty-five. A Sunday School, under the superintendency of H. Demand, has over forty regular attendants. J. A. Kruse is secretary. The minister first in charge preached also in Lake Creek, but the congregation is now strong enough to support its own pastor. Church of Christ. — The Church of Christ was organized in Smith- ton by Elder Allen Wright in 1860, and in the fall of the same year the congregation had a commodious frame house of worship erected at a cost of $2,400. The congregation has Jiad six pastors up to the present time. The first was Allen Wright, and then follow in the order named: Elder Donan, J. B. Wright, G. W. Sewber, S. Philips and Gentry Dorsey. The original members' were Joseph Fowler and wife, John Fowler, H innah Fowler, F. B. Taylor and wife, Job Harned and wife, James Major, wife and daughter, and B. P. Smith and wife. The present membership is fifty- five. There is a Sunday School of about forty scholars, of which B. P. Smith is Superintendent and Ida Wilson, Secretary. The house is com- fortably furnished, and each Sunday an attentive congregation greets the Elder. Flat Creek Baptist Church.— The following history is from the pen of Geo. W. Fletcher, Church Clerk: "The church is'located south- west of Smithton five miles, and was organized at Johnston's school house, Sept. 23, 1846, by Elder J. G. Berkley and Elias George. The original 1008 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. members were Benijah Gentry and Mary, his wife; James Harvey and Nancy, his wife; J. G. Berkley and Cornelia, his wife; Mary A. Berkley, Nancy Berkley, Lucy Johnston, Sarah Carpenter and Nancy Carpenter. First officers, J. G. Berkley, Pastor and Moderator ; J. E. Crawford, Dea- con, and James Harvey, Clerk. The same year the church united with the Saline Missionary Baptist Association, and remained a member of that body until the year 1871. Elder Berkley served as Pastor and Moder- ator until 1851; James Harvey served as Clerk until the year 1850, in which year he visited California, and John E. Crawford was chosen Clerk. During the year 1850 Elder Amos Home visited the church and held a protracted meeting, arid preached some powerful sermons, and several joined the church. The church at this time, by the accession of members, had become strong, and in the year 1851, J. E. Crawford and wife, Nancy Harvey, C. C. Crawford and others withdrew by letter, and organized the church seven miles west of here, known as Bethlehem Baptist Church. It is situated south of Sedalia about six miles. Elder Berkley ceased to preach to the church in 1851. From that time until 1853 Elders G. W. Landes, Thompson Estes and S. Driskell preached regularly to the church as volunteers, but in the last mentioned year the church called Elder Samuel Drickell as regular Pastor every year until 1865. On the resignation of J. E. Crawford, in 1851, D. J. Shy was chosen Clerk fro tern, and in the same year A. N. Driskell, Clerk, and B. T. Thomas, Pas- tor and Moderator. In the same year A. N. Driskell, Alva Goodnight and John Adkins were ordained Deacons. A. N. Driskell still continued to act as Clerk until 1869, at which time, at his own request, he was relieved, and William B. Baugh chosen as Clerk, who served until 1878, at which time he and John T. Miller were ordained Deacons; the church having but one Deacon at that time, Jonathan Davis, who was transferred from Florence Church; the other Deacons having died or moved away. Baugh, Davis and Miller are the present acting Deacons. After Elder Thomas, Elders Samuel Driskell, J. K. Godby, W. V. Parsons, S. Adkins, William H. Rodgers (who was ordained by the church in 1871) and L. W. Whipple were pastors -of the church at different times from 1866 to 1881. Elder David Home is the present Pastor. In 1871 the church withdrew from the Saline Association and went into the L.amine, and in 1879, with others, formed a new association called the Pettis County Asso- ciation, which, after two years, was remodeled and called Harmony Baptist Association. From 187S until 1881 P. K. Anderson and T. B. Young served the church as clerks, when George W. Fletcher, the pres- ent Clerk, was chosen. The first church house was built on the north side of Flat Creek, about three miles southwest of the town of Smithton. It was built of wood, and cost about $450. This was in 1858, moved to Priceville, and in 1861 it was taken down by the Forty-second Illinois U. HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1009 S. Volunteers and moved to Smithton and made into barracks. The church had no regular place of meeting from that time until 1872, when the members again built another house five miles southwest of Smithton, on the south side of Flat Creek, costing about $800, all of wood, capable of seating about 400 persons. The church has had many revivals, and a great many accessions to her numbers. Some have moved to other parts, but most of them have gone to meet their reward beyond the dark stream of death. The present number is seventy-five, who are still keeping up regular meetings on the second Sunday in each month, and church meet- ing the Saturday preceding. Sunday School during the summer and autumn months, with a fair attendance most of the time. Cemeteries.— There are six cemeteries in the township. Some of these are private burying places for the dead, while two or three are used by the neighborhood, in which they are situated. The largest in the township is that situated just south of the town of Smithton. It is incor- porated and under the management of a board of directors, and is neatly kept and has ornamental trees planted in a number of places. Schools. — The schools of the township are five in number, outside of the Smithton Academy. The early schools were primitive affairs, the buildings and seats being made of hewn logs, and the teachers of that stern old type who taught "readin," "riten" and "rithmetic," and ruled by the use of the rod the few pupils that braved the winter weather to attend the two or three months school each year. The buildings of the township are mostly frame and five to seven months school is now taught. The present school building in Smithton was built in 1870. It is a frame struc- ture, two stories high. The contractor who erected the building was James L. Moore of Illinois. It cost $5,000. The first teachers in the building were Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Brundige. The teachers for the past year have been, Prof. W. P. Kelley, principal; D. J. Shy, Jr., first assist- ant; Mrs. E. G. Haire, primary department. The colored school is under the supervision of W. J. Baucher. Prof. Kelley is a worthy and efficient teacher, and his services are in constant demand. The school now gives as good a common school course as can be obtained anywhere. Statistical.— The present population of Smithton Township is 1,237. This includes the village. It has large and valuable real estate, and a large amount of live stock, etc., and its land has advanced in price from $1.25 per acre in 1840 to from $40 to $50 per acre in 1882. Some tracts are held even higher than this, and we have no doubt that in a few years it will be a hard matter to purchase land for even $50 per acre. Incidents and Reminiscences. — The experiences of the early set- tlers of this township and of all others, were they given in detail would fill a much larger space than is allotted to each township in a county history. 1010 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. As late as 1848 there was very little money in circulation, arid the currency used in trade was such articles and commodities as were used in every day life. Taxes were light. Farmers received the pay for their produce in "store goods." In the year mentioned before, a gentleman who is how a prominent farmer in the township, took five hogs, averaging 220 pounds to market at Boonville. He received the then highest market price, one and one-quarter cents a pound for them. Of the amount they came to,, the purchasers would pay him but $1.50 in cash, and the rest must be in trade. He returned home, and about the holidays paid his taxes, which were ninety cents, on 160 acres of land and a number of head of stock- The remaining sixty cents he was obliged to call his cash capital on hand for the next six months. About the same time Judge Wm. Boeker, o.vn- ing 120 acres of land, of which thirty-three were in cultivation, offered it with sixteen head of cattle, seven horses, fifty hogs and twenty-five sheep for $600.00. Fie could not sell at this extremely low figure. During the war, the troops of both Federals and Confederates overran this township, and men of both parties were frequently obliged to seek safety in hiding. In 1860, Governor Stuart's expedition passed through the town going west to fight the Kansas Jayhawkers. Gen. Frost came up with his command on the railroad to Smithson in 1860 or '61, and camped for two nights on Flat Creek, and then proceeded to Kansas City, but finding the Federals were prepared to receive him, returned and sought shelter further south, A number of Pettis county boys joined this expedition, and it cost the State of Missouri in round figures, $80,000.00. The brave Col. Mulligan came from St. Louis to Smithton by railroad, with his famous brigade, and from this point marched on to Lexington, which he so gallantly defended for five days against fearful odds. When Jeff. Thompson took Sedalia, the company of home guards of this and neighboring townships took to the brush. However, they kept pickets out, and it is related that a squad of the home guards passed within fifty yards of a line of these pickets and neither knew the other was in the neighborhood. There were a great many murders in those exciting times, a complete record of which would be too lengthy for our space. In the early part of the war excite- ment ran so high that elections could not be held. The first May wheat brought into the township was imported from Iowa in 1856. Geo. Holland and Judge Baker brought ten bushels, and the Judge says that from three bushels sown on one piece of ground he threshed eighty-seven bushels. This he threshed by the old way of tread- ing out with horses, and at least one-third of the wheat remained in the straw. In 1875, on account of the drouth, there was a failure of crops, but in 1876 there was nearly a double crop. In the north part of this township a creek called " Shave-Tail," takes its rise in section ten, and flows north into Muddy Creek. An amusing HISTORY OF SMITHT01N TOWNSHIP. 1011 and interesting story worthy of repetition here is related of the manner in which this creek received its name. Sometime during the year 1840 a marriage occurred near this little stream, and while the guests enjoyed the festivities of the evening, Richard Johnson assembled a few of his youthful companions, proceeded to the place where the horses were hitched and closely shaved their tails. The creek on whose banks this amusing inci- dent transpired was ever after called " Shave-Tail " Creek. Some years after the creek was christened, Esquire Welch, of Lexington, was employed in a case against Mr. Johnson, and during his remarks before the court he said: " Ceclops founded Athens, Dido founded Carthage, Romulus founded Rome, Columbus discovered America, and last, though not least, Dick Johnson founded " Shave-Tail." SmithTon. — This little village of three hundred and twenty-five persons derives its name from the same source which the township does, viz: In honor of Geo. R. Smith. It is located in the eastern part of the township, and lies south of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The first town in the township was Priceville, and was laid out by David Kernudle. In some way the purchasers of property were all swindled, and the village then fell into decay. The farmers in the township then laid out Farmers' City. The Missouri Pacific was then being built and the company proposed to get the road into Pettis County that year (1859), if the county would give them $30,000 more in addition to their already large donations. This was raised and the road came that fall to the point that is now Smithton, and the depot was built. Here it stopped for a while. Then the town of Smithton was laid out by Wm. E. Combs, and half the lots were given to the railroad company. Buildings began to spring up, and Farmers City rapidly sunk into decay. The mill and merchants removed to Smithton. The church had an internal disagreement, and it was moved to the future town. Mr. Combs built the hotel, now the Blandin House. Major Wm. Beck, now of Sedalia, put up the first store. Mr. Lambors was the first postmaster, and Clony & Crawford, commission merchants, who moved westward with the progress of the railroad, erected the first grain ware- house. From the time the railroad reached it until it was extended on to Sedalia, the town continued to grow, and it is still a shipping point of con- siderable importance, as shown by the average monthly business of the railroad for a few years past: Number of cars cattle shipped, 6; number of cars hogs shipped, 11 ; number of cars sheep shipped, 1 ; number of cars wheat shipped, 4; average monthly receipts, $425; Tonnage freight forwarded, 684,000 pounds; freight received, 68,000 pounds. There is a good flouring mill run by steam power, capable of turning out from twenty to thirty barrels of flour every twenty-four hours. A saw mill near the town works up native logs into lumber. The merchants keep a stock of goods such as is needed for the country trade. The town is incorporated 1012 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. and has been for a number of years. Under date of March 4, 1869, we find the act of incorporation. Secret Societies. — Amity Lodge, No. 340, A. F. and A. M., of Smithton, was organized Dec. 30, 1869, by District Deputy Grand Master Wayan. The charter members were: E.J.Russell, Morgan Lyman, A. H. Heismeyer, F. L. Mintie, C. F. Watts, David Shy, H. M. Farner, Wm. E. Combs, T. Y. Cox, C. F. Gaylord. The first officers were: E. J. Russell, W. M.: Morgan Lyman, Sen. Warden; A. H. Heismeyer, Jun. Warden; Wm. E. Combs, Treasurer; F. L. Mintie, Secretary; G. T. Watts, Sen. Deacon; David Sly, Jun. Deacon; H. M. Farner, Tyler. The Worshipful Masters have been E.J. Russell, M. Lyman, E. J. Rus- sell, M. Lyman, M. Lyman, T. G. Cox, John V. Harris, N. H. Haire, John V Harris, T. G. Cox, David Smith. The present officers are, David Smith, W. M.; David Sly, S. W.; Robt. Overstreet, J. W.; J V. Harris, Sec; Daniel Palmer, Treas. ; N. H. Haire, S. D.; T. G. Cox, J. D.; H. M. Farner, T. The present membership is eighteen. The lodge occupies a fine hall in the second story of a brick building built at a cost of $4,000. It was the third Lodge organized in the county. Smithton Lodge, No. 264, I. O. O. F, was instituted Sept. 28, 1871, by Deputy Grand Master, Elias Bixley, assisted by Q. B. Codding, Grand Warden; R. H.Moses, Grand Marshal; Wm. Inch, Grand Conductor; D. M. McKinzie, Grand Treasurer; Wm. Campbell, Grand Guardian; T. G. Taylor, Grand Secretary. J. H. Mellen, T. M. Seaton, J. T. Curd, W. F. Stuart and J. V. Harris were presented by the Grand Marshal for installation. The election of officers followed, and T. M. Seaton was elected N. G.; J. H. Mellen, V. G.; W. F.Stuart, Sec; J. V. Harris, Treas. The membership was up to twenty-four at one time, but the Lodge does not now meet regularly, but still hold their charter. Smithton Lodge, No. 221, A. 6. U. W., was organized July 16, 1881, with the following officers: C. H. Baker, M. W.; R. S. Overstreet, P. M. W.; A. B. Cook, Foreman; Fred. Gallup, Overseer; G. Rudy, Guide; James Ringen, Recorder; N. H. Harris, Financier; J. C. Williams, Receiver; R. E. Muller, I. W.; Hy. Kohrs, O. W.; Trustees: R. Taylor, Joe. Kohrs, W. C. Overstreet, Jr. The Lodge is in a flourishing condition and has a large and increasing membership. Th^ business directory of the town includes: J. A. Blandin, post- master; J. M. Meek, physician; John V. Harris, justice of the peace; Wm. D. Weiler, agent M. P. R. R.; W. A. Smith, agent Pacific Express Co.; W. C. & W. C. Overstreet, physicians and druggists; J. A. Blandin, proprietor Blandin House; Cook & Ringen, general merchants; Kullman & Schupp, blacksmiths; R. Muller, wheelwright; W. A. Smith, general store; H. M. Farner, carpenter; Wm. Kruschen, wheelwright; Gehlken & White, general merchandise; Prof. W. P. Kelley, principal of schools; HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1013 N. H. Hair, grain and stock merchant; J. Warren, grain dealer; Albert Taylor, stock dealer: C.H.Baker, grain merchant; A. W. Smith, den- tist; Smithton Mill Co., millers. J. A. BLANDIN. Residence, Smithton. Proprietor of Blandin House, and Postmaster. The subject of this sketch is a native of Windham County, Vt, and was born May 26, 1829. He there grew to manhood, or until he was twenty years .of age. He then moved to Marshall County, 111., in 1819. He was there married in 1853 to Miss Martha Jane Jones; she was a native of Illinois. This union has blessed with seven children, five of whom are now living: Sarah, Walker, Mary, Lucy B. and Charles; deceased, John and Elmo. In 1867 Mr. Blandin came to Pettis County, Mo., locating in Smithton, and in 1868 he was one of the M. E. Church building committee, and in January, 1880, he opened out the Blandin Hotel. He was appointed postmaster at this place in January, 1880, and is now the present postmaster. He and his family are consistent members of the M. E. Church. JUDGE WILLIAM BGEKER. Residence, Smithton. Retired farmer. One of the pioneers of town- ship forty-four, range twenty, was born Dec. 20, 1820, at Hanover, Ger- many. His father, Frederick, died in 1828, and his mother, Lucinda, died in 1831. The subject of this sketch was put in the care of a guardian, and when he was fourteen years of age he was put out as apprentice under Mr. Hecter, to learn the trade of wagon-making, and where he served for three years. He then traveled for three years more, and in 1842 he emi- grated to America, landed at New Orlearns, Nov. 13, 1842, on Sunday. On Monday he began to search for a job, and found one the same day; he worked out for two years, and then he run a shop of his own. He was married in 1844 to Miss Tibke Mahnken, a native of Germany, and this union has blessed them with two children. His health failing him, he was obliged to change his business, and in 1845 he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating in township forty-four, range twenty, section twelve, where he bought one hundred acres of land, which he improved. While living on section twelve Mr. Boeker experienced many things the pioneer liad to contend with in those early days, one of which he relates thus: He him- self went out one day to drive up the horses to go to the quarterly meeting, and on his return to the house he found his wife crying, and when he inquired, he found out that the reason of her trouble was that they did not have any money to help pay the expenses at the meeting. So Mr. Bceker was about to abandon the idea of going to church, when one of his neighbors rode up and asked him if he had any seed potatoes, and the answer was> 1014: HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. "Yes," and when he measured out two bushels for him, the neighbor asked Mr. Bceker what they were worth. As there was no market in this part of the country, the neighbor asked him if fifty cents would do, and Mr. Bceker said, "Yes." When he received the money he went to the house and gave it to his wife, and she clapped her hands with joy, and said, "now they could p.ay the minister." But Mr. B. said they could get it changed and give half, and buy coffee with the balance, which they finally did. He also tells the historian that in 1851 he took some hogs to Boonville, and they averaged one hundred and ninety-five pounds each, and he sold them for $1.25 per hundred, and when he got a few things for himself and family, he had $1.50 in money; in a short time the Sheriff came to collect the tax on one hundred and twenty acres and personal property, and it amounted to ninety cents, leaving sixty cents after paying his taxes. Such were the trials of the pioneers of Pettis County. In 1852 he moved to section one of the same township, where he improved three hundred acres of fine land. In 1872 he moved to Smithton and erected a fine grist mill, in partnership with Preuss & Co. ; remained there until the year 1880. He then dissolved and retired. He was elected County Judge May, 1873, and served four years, and was re-elected. He has been a consistent member of the German M. E. Church for upward of thirty-nine years. He was the first Sunday School Superintendent in his township, and retained that position for nine years, and bought books With his own money. HENRY BOHLING. Watch and clock-maker and farmer. The subject of this sketch is a native of Morgan County, Mo., and was born in August, 1847. He was there educated and developed to manhood. He came to Pettis County in 1871, and was married, Sept. 1, 1871, to Miss Mary Ann Rogers. By this union they have two children living, Emma and Anna. They have lost two, Anna M. and Sopha. His wife died Feb. 22, 1879. He was again married, June 2, 1879, to Miss Annie Neunger. By this union they have one child, Cordelia M. Jan. 1, 1876, he began in the watch and clock business, and since that time he has built up quite an extensive trade, and is doing first-class work. His father and three brothers are Watch and clock-makers. He now owns a farm of 140 a'cresj and is in a well- to-do way. GARRETT BOHON. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. One of the oldest settlers of this part of the county is Mr. Bohon, who was born April 15, 1825, in Mercer County, Ky. He remained there until 1838, when his parents emigrated to Pettis County, Mo., where he has since lived. His father still survives, HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1015 at the ripe old age of ninety-two years. The county was a mere wil- derness when Mr. Bohon came here, and he now tells many stories of the pioneer life. He was married, in 1850, to Miss Lucy A. Higgans. She was a native of Kentucky. This union has blessed them with three chil- dren: George, William and Mary A., now Mrs. Cook. Mrs. Bohon was called to her long home about 1855, leaving a young family and kind husband to mourn her loss. But Mr. Bohon raised the family. He owned 200 acres, but has given his children a portion of the land, and now owns a farm of 100 acres. J. J- BOHON. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch was born Jan. 12, 1846, on the farm where he now lives. He is a son of W. R. Bohon, who was born, March 10, 1790, in Mercer County, Ky. His father, John Bohon, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, under George Washington, and served seven years. W. R. Bohon came to Pettis County, Mo., Oct. 15, 1838, and located where he now lives. He was married, in 1826, to Miss Martha Jane Jones. She was born, March 2, 1808, in Kentucky, and died Jan. 12, 1859, leaving many friends to mourn her loss. Mr. Bohon is, at this date, able to go about and help himself. He is the oldest settler now living in the township. He owns a farm of 200 acres. The subject of this sketch was first married,, in 1867, to Miss Sarah E. J. Elliott. This union was blessed with one child, Mary E., who died Aug. 5, 1872. Mrs. Bohon died June 5, 1872. He was again married, March, 1878, to Miss Carrie Kastens. This union has blessed them with two children, Albert and Addie. Mr. Bohon is a man of perseverance and industry, and as his reward he owns a farm of 100 acres of good land. His father, W. R. Bohon, is now living with him. W. S. BOHON. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is one of Missouri's noble sons, and was born, May 1, 1849, in Pettis County, Mo., and was here reared and educated. His occupation through life has been that of a successful farmer. He is a son of W. R. Bohon, who was one of the pioneers of Pettis County, Mo. Mr. Bohon has had many trials to contend with, such as having his house destroyed by fire several times. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Annie Meyer, a native of Ohio. She is a lady of culture. This union has blessed them with the following children : Minnie, Edwin and Samuel. Mr. Bohon has a fine farm of eighty acres of fine land, with a good house. He is now numbered among the successful business men in the township in which he lives. 1016 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. C. C. CHANEY. Farmer and stock raiser; post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is a native of Virginia and was born in 1836. His father came to this country at a very early date and died at a good old age, in Sedalia, Mo. He was a much honored and esteemed gentleman. The subject of this sketch was married Oct. 29, 1859, to Miss Catharine E Dickenson. Her father, J. W. Dickenson, born March 17, 1791, came to this country in 1841, locating where the subject of this sketch now lives; he came from Virginia. By this union they have one child, Mary F. Mr. Chaney was in the war for five years, and was in some of the severest battles, but when peace was declared he laid his gun aside and returned to his home in Pettis County. He now owns a farm of 620 acres of fine land, and he is one of the true business men of his township. He is a consistent mem- ber- of the Baptist Church. JAMES COOK. Was born Oct. 10, 1821, in Scotland. His lineage composed the best families, ranking high in social and public life, and representing quite an amount of wealth, of which his father, David Cook, possessed a liberal share. His father was an honored member, and an elder in the Presby- terian Church. He died in the year 1825. The subject of this sketch came to America in 1841, living with relatives. Being of an independent spirit, and characterized by a good amount of energy and ambition, he determined to make a start in life for himself. He came with his mother to the State of New Jersey, in 1S42, and bought a fine farm and remained there until 1844. He then went to work at his trade, being a weaver and spinner. In February, 1847, he was married to Miss Catharine Leeson, and has a family of seven children living, three dead: A. B. Cook, now a prominent merchant of Smithton; William W., James L. and David L., now among the leading merchants of Rockville, Bates County, Mo.; Joseph M., Charles F. and Mary A., wife of James Ringen, the junior partner of the mercantile firm of Cook & Ringen, Smithton, Mo. In the year 1852, Mr. Cook concluded he would go to the State of California, and went to New York City, for the purpose of joining a company destined for that State, but owing to some difficulties arising, he and his brother secured passports for Australia, at which place he was engaged in mining for about eighteen months, and then opened up a store and sold goods for fourteen months. He then returned home to his family, by the way of Panama. In a very short time after this he removed to Lafayette County, Wis., and remained there until 1857, when he went to Texas. When the war came on, in 1861, he left his family and property and made his way through the Confederate lines to his old home in Wisconsin, encountering many hardships, staying for days and nights in the swamps, HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1017 as well as being taken prisoner four times, but finally,' after enduring many hardships, he succeeded in reaching the Union Army, almost completely exhausted. After recruiting his strength, he set about getting his family through the lines, which he found to be a difficult matter, having lost track of them during his stay in the north, but succeeded finally, in April, 1865, in rejoining them, after passing through great hard- ships and privations. He then removed to Smithton, Pettis County, Mo., where he has since made his home, with the exception of a short time which he spent in Bates County, Mo. He was postmaster of this place for nine years, but finally resigned his position. He was among the first to put forth an effort to erect a good substantial school building, and was ever ready to engage in those things pertaining to the interest of the com- munity. He has now retired from active life, enjoying the comforts and happiness of a pleasant home secured by a life of industry. He is a lead- ing, public-spirited gentleman, always willing to lend his influence to publicjenterprise. A staunch Republican, at whose State Conventions he has been in attendance for quite a number of years. He and his family are devout and consistent members of the M. E. Church. He is a man of liberal culture, sterling sense, unimpeachable integrity, clear comprehen- sion, and an influential worker for his adopted State, and held in high esteem by all who know him. THOMAS ELLISON. Post-office, Smithton. Farmer and stock-raiser. Was born May 25, 1824, in Larksher County, England. Here he was raised until 1836, when his parents emigrated to the United States, and located in what was known at that time as Morgan County, afterwards changed to Noble County, Ohio. His father, Edward Ellijoh, was born March 8, 17'Jl, and died in Noble County, Ohio, May 15, 1876. His mother's maiden name was Mary Board; she was born Dec. 23, 1795, and died in Noble County, Ohio, June 20, 1862. The subject of this sketch was educated and grew to manhood in Noble County, Ohio. He was married in 1847 to Miss Elizabeth Cork. She was born Feb. 18, 1823, in Ohio. This union has blessed them with seven children, four of whom are now living, viz: Rich- ard B., Ann S., John Edward, Willliam T. The three deceased are: Isabel M., Mary E. and Minerva E., who died Oct. 22, 1878. In 1852, Mr. Ellison located in Washington County, Ohio, where he was engaged in farming until the spring of 1866, when he came to Pettis County, Mo., and located where he now lives. Here he bought a fine farm of 303 acres, paying $20 per acre for it. Mr. Ellison was one of the trustees and one of the buildirtg committee of the M. E. Church at Smithton. He was the first one to subscribe, putting his name down for $250, and before the church was completed he gave $250 more, making in all $500, besides 1018 HISTORY OF SMITHTOIN TOWNSHIP. working all the time to obtain money to help in its erection. He is a man highly esteemed in this community. C. H. EVANS. Post-pffice, Smithton. Merchant. The subject of this sketch is a son of Dr. Thomas' Evans, who, came to Cooper County, Mo., in 1833, and located near the line of the county. He was the first physician in this part of the county, and during the pioneer days he was forced to make many a hard trip. He was a first class physician, and was'highly honored by the community in which he lived. He was one of the members of the M. E. Church, South, of this place. In 1870, he retired from business. He was called to his long home in 1874, leaving many friends to mourn his loss. The subject of this sketch was born in 1835, in Cooper •County, Mo., and in about the year 1841, he came to Pettis County, where he grew to manhood. Since that time he has been engaged in selling goods and farming. He was married September, 1871, to Miss Sallie Ferguson. She is a native of Pettis County, Mo., and her parents are among the pioneers of this section. This union has blessed them with one child, Henry E; he died when he was about two years of age, Iti April, 1881, he quit farming and began in the mercantile business in Smithton, but his stock was destroyed by fire Feb. 8, 1882. Through this fire he lost about $4,700, of which about $4,000 was covered by insurance. Since which time he has not been actively engaged in business, but resumes merchan- dising this fall (1882) and will also engage in buying and shipping grain. DR. GEO. W. FLETCHER. The subject of this sketch was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan 3, 1832. His father was one of the early emigrants to Ohio from Virginia, and his mother was from New. York. At the age of ten years his parents moved sixty miles east, to the town of Hillsborough, where he received a liberal English education in the public and select schools., and where he fitted him- self for teaching. In 1851 he visited his brother in Iowa, but jn the same year returned to his old home and attended Professor Matthews' Select School at Rainsborough. Being a great lover of reading, he turned his attention to medical works, without any idea of ever turning it to account by practicing. But on going into the army and being detailed to hospital duty, found he was as successful as those who had received a college edu- cation, and concluded to go into a genera) practice. At the close of the war he emigrated to Missouri, and after traveling over southwest Mis- souri and southern Kansas, settled in Newton County and commenced practice. It proved a success financially. On the 19th of October, 1872, he was married to Miss Lucinda Ulman of Miller County. Her father, Joseph Ulman, moved from Virginia to Missouri in the year 1842; Miss HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1019 Ulman being at that time a child of twelve years of age. In the year 1875 he visited his wife's parents in Miller County, also the city of Sedalia in Pettis County. He was so delighted with the place and country that the next year he concluded to leave where he was and move to Pettis County, which he did, and located five miles southwest of Smithton, where he practiced until his failing' health warned him to cease looking after the health of others and care for his own, by keeping regular hours and doing light work on his farm, which he is trying to make into a pleasant home. H. M. FARNER. Post-office, Smithton. Carpenter, joiner and farmer. Among the many pioneers of Pettis . County no one is deserving ot more special notice than the subject of this brief sketch. He was born November 18, 1827, in Greene County, Tenn. He was here educated and developed to man- hood. He learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, which business he has since followed. He was married in his native county Aug. 26, 1847, to Miss Mary A. McKeehan. She was a native of the same place. This union has blessed them with four children: James F., Eliza E., Pat- rick A. and Jacob. In 1854 he emigrated to Pettis County, locating in Elk Fork Township, where he remained until 1858. He then moved a few miles west of Smithton, and in the spring of 1860 he moved to the present town of Smithton. Here he built the first two houses that were built in this place, after the town was laid out. Mr. Farner has been president of the school board of this place for two years, and worked zealously for the advancement of education. He was one of the original members of the M. E. Church, South, and is among its liberal supporters. His father, Jacob, died in 1863, and his mother, Elizabeth, died about the year 1850. His wife was also called to her long home. He was again married April 4, 1858, to Miss M. A. Glass, and they have since lived in this town. Through this last union they have one child, Carlton W. JESSE FOWLER. Was born Feb. 9, 1827, in Franklin County, Ind. When quite young he came to Dallas County, Mo., and grew up to manhood. He enlisted as a soldier in the year of 1862, and commanded the highest respect and esteem of all the superior officers, as well as his fellow soldiers. He served his country faithfully, meriting the highest praise of all. He is now a resident of Smithton, Pettis County, Mo., and is continually engaged in buying and shipping stock, from which he receives a liberal income.' He is a man of energy and rare business gifts, sterling sense, unimpeacha- ble integrity, and is in the best sense an acquisition to the town and com- munity of which he is a citizen. 1020 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. JOHN G. FOWLER. Post-office, Sedalia. Farmer and stock raiser. Among the pioneers of Pettis County, no one is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this sketch. He was born December 6, 1821, in Caldwell County, Ky. He there grew to manhood. His father, Joseph Fowler, was born December, 1791, and came to Pettis County in 1840. His mother's maiden name was Anna Johnson, and she was born in 1800, and was a native of Madison County, Ky. She died July 9, 1879, and Mr. Joseph Fowler died Oct. 18, 1859. The subject of this sketch came to this county with his parents in 1840. He was married February 27, 1861, to Miss Jane L. Burton. She is a native of Ireland. This union has blessed them with fifteen children, ten of whom are now living: Bloomfield U., Joseph Johnson, Benjamin B.,John A., Thomas R., Annie Jane, Belle and Richard, and two that are not yet named. The five that are deceased are as follows: Samuel, Harry, Eliza, and two infants. Mr. Fowler is a man who has seen many changes come and go to Pettis County. He is a man of uncommon industry and careful management, and now as his reward, he owns upward of 1,000 acres of fine land, and is one of the leading business men of the township. F. GALLUP. Residence, Smithton. Stock dealer. This enterprising citizen is a native of Winnebago County, Wisconsin, and was born Sept. 1.1, 1848. His grandfather, Mr. Chester Gallup, and his father, S. A. Gallup, were the first white settlers in that part of the country. When the subject of this sketch was about fourteen years of age, his parents moved to Knox County, 111., in 1862, and in 1864 they moved to another county of the same State. Mr. Gallup had two brothers in the Union army, one of whom joined at the age of fourteen years. In 1867 he moved to Pettis County, Mo., where he farmed until 1869; then he went to the Plains and engaged in the stock business, and traveled from Texas to the Territory of Dakota. He continued in this business until 1877, when he came to Smithton, Mo., and has since been engaged in the stock business. He was married in 1878 to Miss Mary Delany. She is a lady of fine taste, and a native of Ohio. This union has blessed them with three children, two of whom are now living, Lillie and Blanch. One deceased, Persie. GEORGE L. WHITE. George L. White was born in Madison County, Kentucky. His father, John R. White, now resides in Boyle County, Kentucky. He is a minis- ter in the Christian Church, of which he has been a leading and influential member for a number of years. The subject of this sketch came to Pet- tis County, Missouri, in 1871, and engaged in farming, at which he HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1021 was very successful. He pursued this calling for ten years. On the 23d day of March, 1881, he was accorded a half interest in the mercantile busi- ness by purchasing Mr. Norton's interest, of the firm of Gehlken & Nor- ton, of Smithton, Pettis County, Missouri, and is now doing a good busi- ness. He is a gentleman of superior judgment, fine business gifts, cau- tious, conservative temper and habits, has strong sense of honor, and ranks with the most popular, liberal spirited and influential men of this region, and entertains a high opinion of the country and people. RICHARD GEHLKEN. Mr. Richard Gehlken is the senior member of the firm of Gehlken & White, Smithton, Mo. He was born Aug. 24, 1853, in Morgan County, Mo. His father was born in 1805, and came to Missouri 'in 1832, and set- tled in Morgan County. His mother was born in 1817, and resides with the subject of this sketch, his father having died in 1868. Mr. Gehlken spent the early part of his life on a farm, during which he obtained a good English, as well as a German education. He attended school until the year 1875, when, for a short time, he took charge of a stationary engine in a flouring mill, after which he took a clerkship in the mercantile estab- lishment of Mr. N. H. Haire, of Smithton, and remained with him until he closed out his business. He was then employed in the same capacity in Mr. William Beck's establishment until Jan. 21, 1878, when he became associated with A. B. Cook and commenced business for himself. He con- tinued in business with Mr. Cook for seven months, when Mr. Cook retired and Mr. Gehlken conducted the business himself until 1879, when Mr. Norton took an interest in the business, and continued to do business until March 23, 1881. Mr. Norton sold his interest to Mr. White, since which time it has been known as the firm- of Ghelken & White, and is one of the representative firms of the town, carrying a fine stock of dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, queensware, tinware, notions, &c. They have a large trade, and owing to their genial tempera- ment, and fine business capacities, rank among the leading business men of the town. Mr. Gehlken was married Oct. 24, 1880, to Miss Sallie Masters, a lady of refined taste and manners. Mr. Gehlken is every inch a gentleman, brave, generous, charitable and chivalrous to a fault, with a soul as big as the world of human sympathy, and commands the highest respect of [all who know him. E. L. GOVER. Mr. E. L. Gover was born in Hickory County, Mo., in 1855. His parents are still living in Hickory County. His father is a native of Ala- bama and his* mother is a native of Tennessee. Mr. Gover was married 52 1022 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. to Mrs. Margaret Carpenter in 1880. She was born in Kentucky, and came to Missouri in 1856. Mr. Gover has two sisters and one brother still living in Hickory and Benton Counties, Missouri. Mr. Gover owns eighty acres of first-class land about two and a half miles southwest of Smithton. A part of his farm is fine bottom land. He is a farmer of the first-class, honorable and upright in all his dealings. He is also a profes- sional man, having been engaged in school teaching about six years. He was educated at Warrensburg, Johnson County, Mo. He stands high in the esteem of all in his community. His wife was the widow of Mr. Carpenter, the son of one of the oldest settlers of Smithton Township, hav- ing'emigrated to Missouri from Kentucky at an early date. Her two children, Ollie, aged thirteen years, and Calvin aged eight years, were both born in Pettis County. The family is connected with the Baptist Church. J. V. HARRIS. Harness-maker and Justice of the Peace. Born in August, 1831, and is a native of South Wales. Came to the United States in the year 1852. Settled in Pettis County, Mo., in the year 1859. Served in the Union Army from June, 1861, to April, 1865. Was severely wounded in the head by a piece of shell in October, 1864, in a fight near the Kan- sas line, where the Confederate forces were commanded by Price, and the Union forces by Pleasanton. He has a farm of 1Q0 acres a quarter of a mile from Smithton. N. H. HAIRE. Residence, Smithton. Stock dealer and farmer. The subject of this sketch is a native of Cedar County, Mo., and was born February 11, 1847. His father, S. H. Haire, is a native of South Carolina. After the Battle of Wilson Creek, 1861, he went to Alton, 111., and in 1863 he came to Smithton, Mo., and began in mercantile business; and the same year he had $600 worth of goods taken from him, but he continued in the business till 1865, when he went to California, and died the following year. His mother, Eliza Jane, makes her home in Smithton, but is now on a visit in Texas. Their family consists of seven children: Nute H., Ophelia Josephine, Robert D., Charles J. and Lizzie, now married to Dr. Hamil- ton, of Indiana, and two deceased infants. The subject of this sketch went to school and worked on a farm until he was about twenty years of ' age. He then, in 1867, went to work in the capacity of clerk for Mr. Lyman, a merchant of this place, and worked for him till 1872, when he embarked in the mercantile business for himself, which business he fol- lowed until 1877. Since that time he has farmed and dealt.in stock. He was married April 12, 1877, to Miss Ellen G. Combs, whose father, was one of the pioneers of this place. She is one of the teachers of Smith- HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1023 ton School. Mr. Haire, when but a mere boy, in 1863, was trying to save his uncle's house from the soldiers, and the horse was shot down under him, but he was not hurt. JOHN J. LAMM. Post-office, Smithton. Among the many enterprising business men of Pettis County, Mo., is Mr. Lamm, who was born July 5, 1832, in the State of Pennsylvania, and when he was quite young his parents moved to Wayne County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. He was married in 1857 to Miss Elizabeth O , and from that union they have one child, Elizabeth O. Mr. Lamm moved to Linn County, Iowa, in 1857, and when he had been there a short time his wife died. He went to school at Hanover College in Michigan. After his wife died he went back to Ohio and left his child with his relatives. He then joined the Union Army in 1861, Company K, Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, and served his country. In 1867 he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating where he is now living, where he owns a fine farm of 645 acres, with first-class build- ings and a fine orchard, and he is a thorough business man. He is a lead- ing member of the M. E. Church, and one of its liberal contributors and supporters. He was again married Feb. 12, 1874, to Miss E. N. Elliott, and this union has blessed them with five children: William E., L. M., Charles E., Patsey I. and John J., Jr. GEORGE B. LAMM. Mr. George B. Lamm was born near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, in the year 1851. He is of pure German parentage, and in both features and manners has the characteristics of the German people. His edu- cation, which was begun in the common schools, was completed in the University of Wooster in the year 1877, at which time he graduated in a classic course. He then chose Missouri for his future home, and located on a farm adjoining Smithton, in Pettis County. In the spring of 1878 he married Mrs. Mary Goudy, widow of Mr. James Goudy, of Wooster, Ohio. His wife and her three children, Theresa, Elmer and Birdie, in the following summer, joined him at their present home. Two children, Alfred Newton Lamm and Katie Lamm, were born to them in the years 1879 and 1882, respectively. The family is of a progressive dispo- sition, and the farm, which was in a wild state in 1877, is now one of the best improved farms in the county. In an educational, social and relig- ious point of view, the family is especially valuable. Miss Theresa Goudy, although only sixteen years of age, has taught instrumental music for two years, and assists her father in his classes of vocal music. Mr. G. B. Lamm has taught school for five consecutive years. He has been teacher of Maplewood, principal of Smithton Graded School and Frank- 1024 HISTORY OF SMTTHTON TOWNSHIP. lin School, Sedalia, with which he is now connected. The family, although Presbyterians in Ohio, now belong to the M. E. Church in Smithton. They occupy places of honor and trust in the church and in society. They have been the means of organizing five Sunday schools in their township, and are universally loved and respected. F. LUCKE. Post-office, Smithton. Farmer. One of the pioneers of Pettis' County, and was born in 1818, in Germany, where he lived until he reached his majority. He emigrated to the United States about 1842, and shortly after that time came to Morgan County, Mo., and remained there a few years, then came to Pettis county where he has since lived. He was married to Miss C. Smith, and they have two children now living, William and Alvina. In 1865, he moved to his present location, where he owns a fine farm of 800 acres, with one of the best stone quarries in the State. He is numbered as one of the successful farmers of Smithton Township. G. MONSEES. Post-office, Smithton. Farmer. Among the many pioneers of Mis- souri is the subject of this sketch, who was born Feb. 18, 1836, in Germany, and his parents emigrated to America when he was about eight years of age, in 1844, locating in Morgan County, Mo., where the subject of this sketch reached his majority. He was married April 15, 1859, to Miss Mary Kahrs. Her parents were pioneers of Pettis County. This union has blessed them with nine children: Charles, John L., Mar- tain P., Henry R., Mettie, Eddie O., Harry D.,'Frank S., and Mary Ann. In 1859 he moved to his present location where he owns a fine farm of 150 acres. He has run a steam sawmill for seven years, but has now disposed of it. His buildings are first class and will compare with any in the township. HERMAN MONSEES. Post-office, Smithton. Fruit-grower. The subject of this sketch resides about one mile south of Smithton, and is engaged very extensively in the fruit business. He is a native of Germany, and came to this coun- try with his parents in 1844, locating in Morgan County, Mo. Here he reached his majority. He moved to his present location in 1859, it then being a mere wilderness. But through his good management he now owns a farm of 348 acres, and on his different farms he has large orchards. He has 4,000 pear trees, 1,500 peach trees, 8,000 apple trees, 400 plum trees, 100 quince trees, one acre of grapes, six acres of strawberries, seven acres of blackberries, six acres of raspberries, 500 cherry trees and five acres of a general nursery. He will soon be one of the foremost fruit growers HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1025 of the county. He was married in 1859, to Miss Lucinda Momberg. This union has blessed them with 11 children: Lewis, Catherine, Mar- tin, Martha A., Benjamin O., George H., Annie R., William C, Alonzo D. Flora S., Ira L. He is a member of the German M. E. Church, and among its liberal supporters. J. H. M. MONSEES. The subject of this sketch is a native of Germany and was born Feb. 26, 1839, and when he was about four years old his parents emigrated to the United States and located in Morgan County, Mo., where he grew to manhood. When the war began he moved around somewhat and went to Illinois, and worked at the carpenter trade. About 1863, he returned to Pettis County, Mo., and was married Nov. 12, 1863, to Miss Maggie Kahrs. She is a lady of culture and devotes her time to making home happy. This union has blessed them with six children: Lora, Lena M., Lydia, Ida, Joseph and Albert. He moved to his present location in 1863, where he owns a fine farm of 110 acres, with first class buildings. He is now one of the leading business men of his township. JOHN McGEE. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. Among the many pioneers of Pettis County no one is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this brief sketch, who was born Nov. 11, 1817, in Cooper County, Mo. His father, David McGee, came to Cooper County in 1811, and lived in the fort for about two years. McGee Grove, in Cooper County, was named for his father. His father died in 1836. The subject of this sketch went to New Mexico in the employ of the Government in 1835, in the capacity of teamster. He was among the first that ventured through with goods. He was first married in August, 1838, to Miss Hannah Gisp. This union blessed them with eleven children, all of whom are now dead. She died in March, 1858. He came to this county about the year 1839, and lived here until his wife died. He was again married Sept., 1859, to Miss Driskell. This union has blessed them with seven children, six of whom are now living: Jennie, David A., Catherine, John A., Sam- uel J.; lost one, Bettie Belle. Mr. McGee came to his present location in 1865, where he now owns a fine farm of 160 acres, and is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and is one of the charter members. JOHN H. MOMBERG. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is a native of Pettis County, Missouri, and was born May 21, 1845, in township forty- four, range twenty. His father, Lewis Momberg, came to this county in 1837, with his father-in-law, whose name was Mr. Goetze, and lived in 1026 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. Pettis County until 1877, when he and Momberg went to Wyan'dotte, Kan., where Mr. Goetze died at the round old age of 100 years and three months. Mr. Momberg still lives there. The subject of this sketch was educated and grew to manhood in his native county. He was married May 21, 1868, to Miss Emelia Sluckman,and this union has blessed them with six childen, five of whom are now living: Charles, William, Ben, Frank and Annie. Lost one, an infant. In 1868 he moved to his present location, where he now owns a fine farm of 1'20 acres. He is a member of the Baptist Church. R. E. MUELLER. Residence, Smithton. Wheelwiight and painter. The subject of this sketch is a native of Berne, Switzerland, and was born Sept. 9, 1834, and when he was about fifteen years of age he came to America, and located in Crawford County, O., where he attended school and learned the trade of carriage-maker, and served as an apprentice for three years. After this time he traveled and worked in several States until 1861, when he came to and located in New Haven, Ind., where he lived until 1869. When the World's Fair was at Paris he visited it, and then went to his native land, Swit- zerland, to see his mother. She returned to America with him, where she died June 3, 1878, at the round age of seventy-nine years, eight months and twenty-six days. Mr. Mueller still has one sister in Switzerland. He was married in 1862 to Miss Emitie Merrillit, and this union has blessed them with ten children, six now living: Mary E., Flora E., Celia, John A., Ida G. and Phoebe; lost four: William, Peter, Fred, and one infant. In 1869, he came to Smithton, Mo., where he has built up quite a large and profitable trade. As a workman he is first-class in every respect. He has won the confidence and esteem of the people of this community. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and always among the liberal contributors. ISAAC McNEIL NORTON. Farmer ; post-office, Sedalia. The subject of this sketch is a native of Ohio, and was born in September, ] 834. He remained in his native State until 1857, when he moved to Michigan, where he and his brother bought and run a saw-mill until 1866, when he came to Pettis County, Missouri, and bought the farm on which he now resides. He owns a fine farm of 120 acres. He is an active charter member of the M. E. Church at Smithton, Mo. He was married Oct. 8, 1857, to Miss Mariah Rogers. This union has been blessed with one child, Edith Luella, a lady of fine taste and culture. Mr. Norton's father was born in Litchfield, Conn., Nov. 26. 1799. During his boyhood he attended school with Harriet Beecher Stowe. When he was about twenty-two years of age he moved HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1027 to Ohio, where he reared a family of eight children. He sold his farm in Ohio in 1868, and came to Smithton Township where he has resided with his children a portion of the time, and with his daughter in Morgan County. W.D.NORTON. Farmer; post-office, Sedalia. The subject of this sketch is a native of Madison County, Ohio, and was born in April, 1830. He was there edu- cated and reared to manhood. In 1857 he went to Michigan, and in 1866 he came to Pettis County, Mo., where he purchased 710 acres of fine land. The following year he moved to his present location. He now owns a farm of 330 acres with good improvements. He is a member of the M. E. Church, and is 'a liberal contributor and supporter. He was married in 1867 to Miss C. C. Hunt. She is a native of Michigan. This union has been blessed with six children, Emma S., Martin D., Alida E., Effie May, Charles W. and Cynthia C. DR. W. C. OVERSTREET. Physician and surgeon; Smithton, Mo. This gentleman was the first practicing physician of Smithton Township. He was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, Oct. 16, 1824. His father and mother were natives of Kentucky. When he was about four years old his parents moved to Mercer County, Kentucky, where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age. He was educated principally at a private select school, taught by James Graves, who is now publishing a Baptist paper in Mem- phis, Tenn. He attended Bacon's College, at Harrodsburg, for two years, and in the year 1847 graduated at Lexington, Ky., at the Transylvania Medical College. In the fall of the same year he attended lectures at Louisville, Ky. He came to Pettis County, Mo., in December of the same year, and began the practice of medicine. The following year he rode on horseback to Knox County, 111. He was married December 11, 1848, to Miss Mary Seaton, of that county, and practiced medicine there until 1850, when he removed to Warren County, 111., where he formed a partnership with Dr. Webster of Monmouth, who had settled there from Philadelphia, and which partnership existed ten years. In 1860 the part- nership was mutually dissolved, but Dr. Overstreet continued to practice there until 1864, when he, with his family, moved to Missouri, and located in Pettis County. In the year 1853 he came to this county and entered 320 acres of land at $1.25 per acre, since which time he has added 320 acres more, making a fine farm of 640 acres, well improved, with hedge, plank and rail fences. Quite a quantity of it is devoted to pasturage. His wife died April 14, 1880. She was a worthy member of the Baptist Church. The Doctor has also been a leading member of that organiza- 1028 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. tion for about thirty-eight years, having been among the leading ones who organized the church at this place. He has a family of six children, five of whom are still living, viz: Robert W., who is now engaged in the drug business at this place; Mary Jane, now in Johnson County; Walter C, now located in the city of Sedalia, having graduated at the Missouri Medical College in 1878, also at Bellevue College, in New York City; David M., now in New Mexico, and Annie Clay, at home. Emma Thompson Overstreet was born April 26, 1859, and died Nov. 21, 1876. He was married to his present wife, Mrs. G. W. Overstreet, May 3, 1881. He has filled the office of Township and District Clerk for several succes- sive terms, and is a zealous worker for the cause of education, is a live and successful business man, and takes quite an interest in the advance- ment of the country. MRS. JANE OVERSTREET. The following obituary on the decease of Mrs. Jane Overstreet was written by her cousin, Rev. J. D. Steele: " Passing through your beautiful city, bound to be the future seat of gov- ernment of the great State of Missouri, I was shocked to hear of the death of that venerable, beloved and sainted mother in Israel, Mrs. Jane Over- street, of Mercer County, Ky. Being intimately acquainted with this mother for the last forty-two years, I wish to make a statement of facts that will interest many of your readers. Mrs. Overstreet, whose name was Lowrey, was married to Robert D. Overstreet in 1815. He was a soldier im Trotter's Regiment, of Lexington, Ky., in the war of 1812. For the past twenty-five years she has been a widow. She was in her eighty- third year at her death. She was a woman possessed of an assemblage of christian virtues seldom found, all meeting in one person. Her ances- tors, paternal and maternal, were Presbyterians of the strictest type. She was a very worthy, devout, exemplary and consistent member of the same church. Drs. Rankin, Bishop, Blythe, Clelland and Young, now among the dead, were in their day among those she admired and heard. She was for sixty years a devout Presbyterian. Think of all it takes to make up the loving, dutiful, and affectionate daughter, the devoted wife, the tender-hearted mother, yearning over her rising household, pointing them all by precept and by example, the path that leads to peace, to glory and to God. I have no doubt that on the great day of the Redeemer's appearing, when He comes, and all His saints with Him, she will arise to glory, honor and immortality, and we have no doubt that on that great day very many will rise to call her blessed. A vast concourse of mourning kindred and friends followed her mortal remains to the Providence Pres- byterian Church to participate in the last solemn funeral services, thence to the family burying ground, and there the aged pall-bearers saw the HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1029 casket, with its precious treasure placed beside that of her husband and her deceased children and descendants to the third generation near the Kentucky River, in Mercer County. Peace to her ashes and glory to her memory. May her mantle be the inheritance of her descendants to the latest generation. She leaves behind her nine children, forty-seven grandchildren, thirty-five great-grandchildren, living in Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and other States; some in Sedalia, more in and near Smithton. It is certainly a remarkable fact that of all the ninety odd descendants of this venerable mother in Israel, there is not one " black sheep." This is a rare fact. " Surely, the righteous shall be held in everlasting remembrance." W. H. PAGE. Residence, Smithton. Farmer. The subject of this sketch is an eastern gentleman. He was born April 29, 1827, in Chenango County, N.Y. His lather, K. Page, died when he was a mere infant, in 1831, and when he was about fourteen years of age he emigrated to Connecticut and attended the Berlin Academy for two terms. He was there in the State of Connecticut until grown to manhood. In the fall of 1849 he located in Winnebago County, 111., where he lived until 1855. He was married November 10, 1850, to Miss A. Oties, a native of Madison County, N. Y., who was born May 2, 1883. This union has blessed them with three children, of whom two are living, William B., now in Michigan, at Ann Arbor College studying medicine, and Star. Charles G. died when he was about eleven years of age. In 1855 Mr. Page moved to Lafayette County, Wis., where he farmed until 1861 when he embarked in the drug business at Darlington, Wis.; in partnership with his father-in- law, Mr. Oties. He continued in this business until 1868 with a marked degree of success. He then took his family and returned to his native State on a visit and returned to Wisconsin in 1869. Coming the same year to Pettis County, Mo., he located near Smithton, and lived there about two years, then came to this city, and has since made it his home. His wife died Nov. 28, 1872. Mr. Page takes a warm interest in the advancement of education ; he has been one of the School Board for one year and was elected president of the same, April, 1880, and is still serv- ing in the same office. He now owns a fine farm of 320 acres. He was again married to Miss S. E. Bohon, and this union has blessed them with three children, two now living, Cary C, George B. ; lost one, Walter. Mr. Page was one of the men who took an active part in getting the iron bridge across Flat Creek. D. F. PALMER. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is a native of Kentucky, and was born Nov. 19, 1837. When he was about nine years of age he 1080 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. moved with his parents to Mills County, Mo., where they remained for some time; they then moved to Benton County, Mo., and in 1850 to Pettis County, Missouri, in township 46, range 20, where the subject of this sketch grew to manhood. In 1857 he went to California, where he remained for about two years. He then returned to Pettis county, and took a trip to Texas, but remained there only two months, and 'then returned home. He next went to Montana and mined for a short time. He then began teaming on the U. P. Railroad, and several times during the war came to Missouri to buy mules, and paid out $30,000 for them. He remained in the freight business until the road was completed. He then returned to Pettis County, Mo., in 3 870, and in 1871 he bought his present farm of 500 acres, paying $15,000 for it. He has since sold some of this farm, but now owns 410^ acres. He was married Feb. 25, 1872, to Miss Emma M. Williams. This union has blessed them with four chil- dren, William. T., Addie L., Frank Floyd and Nettie Belle. JAMES RINGEN. Was born Feb. 2, 1852, in Pettis County, Mo. At the age of nineteen his father moved from his farm and came to the town of Smithton . He attended school in St. Louis, and then engaged in the blacksmith business, which occupation he continued to follow until the fall of 1879, at which time he was accorded an interest in the mercantile establishment of A. B. Cook, under the firm name of Cook & Ringen. They carry a well assorted stock of dry goods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, hardware, tinware, queensware, notions, etc. They are doing a large and profitable business, which is continually increasing. Their ample stock, careful, conservative methods and clear business insight, give them decided and permanent strength. Mr. R. was married in 1875 to Miss Mary Annie Cook, and has one child — a little girl about four years old — Grace May. He and his wife are both worthy members of the M. E. Church. He owns a good, substantial residence, in a pleasant location of the town, replete with cheerful and elegant furnishings, the premises around his residence being beautified with fruits, rare flowers and rich shrubbery. His home is made doubly inviting by the presence of its refined and accomplished mistress, who, together with her husband, dis- pense hospitality to all of their many friends, as well as to the stranger- Mr. R. is a man of liberal culture, sterling sense, conservative temper and habits. He ranks with the most popular and liberal spirited men of the community; his personal popularity with all parties and classes attesting the high appreciation of this people for good men. JOHN SELKEN. One mile east of the town of Smithton we find the beautiful residence HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1031 and farm of Mr. Selken, elegantly improved with good buildings, fenced with hedge, plank and rail fences, well watered and fine fruit orchards. Mr. S. was born in Germany, Feb. 16, 1816. He was married in the year 1832 to . J. R. Bahrenburg, and in the year 1836 emigrated to the tlnited States, settling in Washington County, Ohio, and engaged in the occupation of farming. Becoming impressed with the idea that Missouri offered greater advantages, he determined to remove to this county, which he did in the year 1867, and located at the above mentioned place, and commenced at once to improve his farm and put it in a good state of cultivation, which he has succeeded in doing, placing around him such of life's conveniences that conduce to the happiness and comfort of himself and family. In the month of April, 1869, the partner of his life was laid away in her last resting place, leaving many mourning friends, in whose affections she had secured a prominent place by her man}' deeds of kind- ness, and her consistent christian walk. Mr. S. has been a member of the M. E. Church for man_y years; he has been one of the trustees, and was one of the building committee of the M. E. Church of Smithton. He is a man of great influence, and highly respected by all. T. J. SELLERS. Post-office, Smithton. Farmer and sheep raiser. One of the enter- prising men of Smithton Township. He was born June 9, 1847, in Green County, Penn., and when he was about three years of age his parents moved to Ohio, in 1850, where the subject of this sketch grew to manhood, and in 1866 he moved with his mother to McDonald County, 111. He was married in 1869 to Miss Mary E. Kee, a native of Illinois; this union has blessed them with two children: Ralph Raymond and Minnie Lottie. The subject of this sketch went to California in 1870 and engaged in farming, where he remained until 1878, when he traded his property in California for property in Jefferson City, Mo., and he returned to his place in Jefferson City in 1878, where he remained for a few months. He then moved out on the farm near the city, where he remained until 1881; he then moved to his present location, where he now has two hundred and forty acres of land, besides eighty acres of land near Jefferson City, Mo. He is now turning his attention to the raising of sheep, and now has on his farm about six hundred sheep. He. is a consistent member of the M. E. Church. ANTON SCHUPP- Residence, Smithton. Blacksmith. The subject of this sketch is a native of Missouri, and was born in Morgan County in 1856, and he there learned his trade and grew to manhood. His father, William Schupp, was among the pioneers of that county, and he was a noble 1032 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. citizen and much honored by his neighbors. He was killed during the war by outlaws, and his life was highly honored by all who knew him. The subject of this sketch came to Smithton in 1881, and he is now doing a good and profitable business. He was married March 27, 1880, to Miss Mary Neffer, and she is a much esteemed and honored lady. D. J. SHY, Jr. Post-office, Smithton. Teacher and farmer. The subject of this sketch is a native of this State, and was born November 27, 1846, in Pettis County, Mo., where he grew to manhood and received his educa- tion. He began to teach school at the age of eighteen years. He was married in 1867 to Miss S. H. Godby. She is a native of Kentucky, and is a lady of fine taste, devoting her time to making her home happy. This union has blessed them with six children, viz: Mary G., Lena M., Milton P., Adia M., David E. and an infant. Mr. Shy has taught eight terms of school, four of which were in the Smithton district. He has always taken a warm interest in the advancement of education. He is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and always among its liberal contributors and supporters. He is a man of great industry and good manage- ment. He now owns a fine farm of 139 acres, with a good house on the same. He is now numbered among the successful business men of his township. DR. A. W. SMITH. The subject of this sketch was born Oct. 20, 1837, in Gibson County, Indiana. His parents were poor, but honest, and before he was grown, nothwithstanding the family numbered fourteen, they had by economy and industry become prosperous and independent, though not what the world call rich. His father, Jesse Smith, was born in the year 1794, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was five years old when his parents moved to the wilds of Southern Illinois, Jefferson County, where he labored on a small timber farm in summer and attended the common district school three miles away in winter. When twenty years of age he left home to make his fortune or to try to complete his education. He attended Professor Hillman's High School at Mt. Vernon, Illinois, until able to teach school. He then taught two schools in Illinois, then attended Professor Bird's school at Princeton, Indiana. He then taught another district school; then attended Prof. Gray's school, from which he went to Greencastle University, under the instruction of Doctor, now Bishop Bowman. He then taught a number of terms, and attended Prof. Jeremiah Behm's Commercial College at Evansville. The day before graduation he joined the Union army and left for Indianapolis to be equipped and drilled for war. He joined Rigby's Indiana Battery on the HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. 1033 22d day of May, 1861. His battery was engaged in the following battles: Alleghany Mountain, Va., McDowell Heights, Va., Cross Keys, near Port Republic, Va., and was captured with 10,000 others at Harper Ferry, Va., after a siege of fifteen days, under the command of Col. Miles (the traitor), who was killed by the last shot of the enemy's gun. Up to this date, in seventeen months of marching and battling, not a man of his famous battery was killed. Here his battery with the other 10,000 were paroled by Stonewall Jackson, to disband and go to their homes and remain until exchanged, which took place in a few months. They were then re-equipped and marched again to the front; this time to engage in the battles of Dalton Hill, Kentucky ,* and in the siege of twenty-two days at Knoxville, Tenn., under Gen. Burnside, against Longstreet's army corps. Here his three years of enlistment expired, and on the eleventh day of June, 1864, he was honorably discharged. He then spent some time at the same post as delegate of the United States Christian Commission, in taking care of the sick and wounded soldiers and distributing Bibles and religious tracts and papers, also holding meetings among the various camps and hospitals. Then he visited his home again in Illinois. As a delegate, he helped to close up the United States Christian Commission at Louisville, Ky., and at Nashville, Tenn. He again attended Greencastle College, and taught a number of classes in penmanship and phonography. He became acquainted with and married Miss Mary Helen Mears, on the 15th day of April, 1866. A short time after this, he entered the dental office of Dr. Arnold, and mastered the chosen profession of his future life. In the year 1870 he visited ten different towns and cities in Kansas and Missouri, looking up a location for life; and this he found at Sedalia, Mo., where he spent five years with great success in the practice of the dental profession. He then broke up and went back to his wife's old home at Washington, Indiana, where he practiced with wonderful success his profession for three years. Then returned to Sedalia and kept an office for one year. He moved to Winfield, Kans., where his health failed with the close con- finement to the office in one year. He then sold out and purchased a fine mansion at Smithton, Mo., some distance west of St. Louis, where he opened out a dental office in one of the rooms of his residence. He did his own chores and garden work and such dental work as chanced to come to hand. Here his health increased together with his business until he is well. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ever since the age of eighteen, in which he was often employed as super- intendent of various Sabbath Schools at Shoals, Ind., Washington, Ind., and Winfield, Kans. He believes in a holy religion as a life and heart work, and not a mere profession and a name to live while dead. 1034 HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. SAMUEL SMITH. Farmer. Post-office, Smithton. The subject of this sketch is a native of New York State, and was born July 18, 1837, and he was there raised and educated until he was about sixteen years of age, when he emigrated to Warren County, 111., where he lived until 1865. He was married on the 29th day of August, 1849, to Miss Cornelia Buck. She is a native of Ohio, and their union has blessed them with thirteeen children, all of whom are now living and whose names are as follows: Ryan R., Rollings A., Alice, Mindwill, Sidney, Seth, Cora, Charles L., Norman A., Warren, Olive, L. C. and Ira. In 1865 Mr. Smith became impressed with the idea that Missouri offered superior inducements to men of energy, and he came to Pettis County, where he owns a fine farm of 2M0 acres of fine land. He is a consistent member of the Christian Church. W. A. SMITH. Residence, Smithton. Merchant, Pacific Express Agent, and dealer in dry goods, groceries, hardware, etc. The subject of this sketch was born •Sept. 3, 1842, in Saratoga County, N. Y., where he remained until 1847, when his parents emigrated to Warren County, 111., where he grew to manhood. When our country was involved in war Mr. Smith offered his services and enlisted Sept. 26, 1861, in Company B, Fifty-ninth Illi- nois Infantry, and he was in the Battle of Pea Ridge. He was discharged on account of disability at Jackson, Tenn., Oct. 3, 1862. He returned home, and when he regained his health he again enlisted, May 14, 1864, in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Infantry, for the term of three months, when he was promoted to Third Sergeant. He was honorably discharged Oct. 28, 1864, and he again enlisted Feb. 11, 1865, in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry. In this company he was Orderly Sergeant. He was discharged the third time at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 5, 1865. He then returned to Gales- burg, 111., and in 1867 he came to Pettis County. His father died in December, 1870, and his mother the following year. He was married in 1868 to Miss Mary Gallup, who is a lady of refined tastes. This union has blessed them with three children: Alforth W., Ida May and Clarence F. In the year 1871 Mr. Smith began in mercantile business, and since that time has built up a large trade, and has won the esteem and confi- dence of the people of this community, and he is a zealous worker for the advancement of education. DAVID SMITH. Residence, Smithton. The subject of this sketch was born Sept. 15, 1823, in Warren County, Ky. His father, John Smith, was a native of Kentucky, and also his mother. His parents moved to Warren County, HISTORY OF SMITHTON TOWNSHIP. ' 1035 111., in 1830. That county at that time was a mere wilderness. His father died from a hurt he received while hauling logs. He nearty recov- ered from the injury, but being a member of the County Court of that county he attended to its business before he was quite well and it proved too severe and resulted in his death in 1836. The subject of this sketch did all the mending, or cobbling, as it was called in those days. He was married April 7, 1843, to Miss Henrietta Ray, who is a native of Ken- tucky, and this union has blessed them with six children, all now deceased but one, John, who is now living in Warren County, 111., and who was a soldier in the Rebellion and fought for the cause of the Union. The names of the five children who are dead are as follows: Marshal C. ; Zeldy Ann, Jane Garland, Sarah E. and "William. In February, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, First Illinois Cavalry. He entered as a private and was discharged as wagon master, July, 1862. He then returned to Illinois, and in 1865, he came to Smithton, Mo., where he has since made his home. His wife died Dec. 23, 1876. He became a member of the Masonic Order in 1846, at Monmouth, 111., Lodge 34, A. F. & A. M. He is now master of the lodge at Smithton, Lodge No. 340, A. F. & A. M., organized Oct. 18, 1870. He is a member of the M. E. Church, and a zealous worker for the cause of temperance. ISRAEL WALKUP. Post-office, Smithton. Farmer. Among the many pioneers of Pettis County, no one is deserving of more special notice than the subject of this sketch, who is a native of Mercer County, Ky., and was born in July, 1828. When he was about two years of age his parents moved to How- ard County, Mo., where he grew to manhood. .In 1850 he went to California. He went through with ox teams. He returned in 1855, and was married in 1856 to Miss Martha Padget. She died July 16, 1857. He was again married in 1858 to Miss Hannah Padget. This union was blessed with three children: Mattie J., Hannah and Annie. Mrs. Hannah Walkup died December 3, 1860. He came to this county in 1855, and has remained here ever since, except a few years during the war when he was in Howard County. He was again married in February, 1862, to Miss Mary E. Godfrey. She is a native of Pettis County, Mo. This union has blessed them with five children, now living: John P., J. E., Ida M., Frank H., Lulu, and lost one, James L. Mr. Walkup now owns a fine farm of 220 acres, with a good house on the same. He is a mem- ber of the M. E. Church and always among its liberal (contributors and supporters. WILLIAM WILLIAMS. Mr. Williams was born in Davidson County, N. C, and when about 1036 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. four years old his parents removed to Pike County, 111. He was educated in that State and grew to manhood and was married to Miss E. F. Posey, she being a native of Indiana. They have seven children in their fam- ily: Emma M., now the wife of Mr. D. F. Parmer; John C, Samuel C, Prairie Belle, Brady C, Sherman and Nellie L. Mr. W. removed to Pet- tis County in 1860, and now owns a fine 500 acre farm, made up of exceed- ingly fertile rolling prairie, well improved, with hedge, rail and plank fences, a substantial barn and a magnificent residence, situated about four miles east of Sedalia. Corn, wheat and oats are grown quite extensively on his farm. He has fine, pasture and meadow land, a large orchard and an abundance of small fruits. Over this fine estate roam large herds of cattle, hogs, horses and mules, from which he realizes quite a liberal income. He is a model farmer, and is adding to this beautiful farm unusually fine improvements. He is always named among the strong, manly, liberal spirited and influential men of the community. His per- sonal influence and popularity with all parties and classes attest the high appreciation of the people for good men. CHAPTER XXIIL— GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name — Its Appropriateness — Organization — Physical Features — Mineral Well — Early Settlers— Agronomy — Sheep and Cattle— Prices of Land — Churches — Congregational — Cumberland Presbyterian — Methodist — Church of Christ — Data — Village of Green Ridge — Its advantages — Shipments— Incorporation — First Board — Independent Order of Good Templars— Biographical. One of the smallest geographical divisions of this country is that of Township. This word, as may readily be inferred, was originally used to represent that portion of a country just adjacent to and under the influence of a town. But this word, like many others in the English lan- guage, has taken some departure from the original signification, and is now applied to a division of a country next in size to a county, and is thus named whether it contains'a town or not. But in regard to the township under consideration, it may be correctly such according to either interpreta- tion of the term. In the brief sketch which we shall present of this township, we will hardly be able to detail every incident that the old set- tlers remember, but suffice it to say we shall present facts, such as we have been able to gather from every available source. The statistical reports are sufficient to lead the reader to a proper idea of what the results have been in the development of this corner of the county. In regard to value and demand for land in this section, we believe that at present no other part of the country is more desirable for farming, stock- raising, fruit-growing and horticultural interests generally. An industrious HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1037 NewEnglander might here realize ten dollars for his assiduity in farming and fruit-growing, where he gets one in his almost sterile home. Here land ranges all the way from twelve to forty dollars per acre. The old ■ settlers, of whom we shall speak, have a distinction which we shall take pleasure in recording in the pages of history, for their brave endurance 6t hardship, and long tried hospitality. Their charitable deeds will never be forgotten. Name. — The name Green Ridge, as applied to this township, is certainly very appropriate. In it is the water shed between the waters of the tribu- taries of the Missouri and the tributaries of the Osage River. It is a ridge that is covered with beautiful green prairies, interspersed with tim- ber along the few water courses that break the monotony of the physical features of the township. The situation suggests the name at the first glance, and to those who gave the name is the honor given of having fine perception of the fitness of the appellation by which their portion of the county was hereafter to be known. Organization. — Green Ridge was formerly a part of Elk Fork Town- ship as the county was subdivided, up to 1844. The subdivision of the county then made it a part of Washington Township, and it remained thus until 1873, when in the township organization of that year it became the southwestern township in the county, with the name of Green Ridge. It at present contains over forty-eight square miles, and is situated in town- ships forty-three and forty-four, and range twenty-three. Its northern extremity touches Elk Fork Township, its eastern, Washington, its south- ern, Benton County, and its western, Johnson and' Henry Counties. Its present voting precinct is at the village of Green Ridge. Physical Features. — The township has almost the same style of configuration of land as that of the balance of Pettis County. The head- waters of Flat Creek and Elk Fork Creek are within its bounds, and along these streams grow enough of timber to give an abundant supply of fuel to the residents, but none for shipping. It may seem absurd when it is stated that from the prairie station of Green Ridge there is annually shipped a number of fine walnut logs, but these are brought in from the more dense timber along Flat Creek, in the neighboring townships. Among the natural curiosities in the township are its mineral wells, some two or three of which have been discovered in the township, but the larg- est and most valuable was recently found right in the village of Green Ridge, by J. S. Ream. From one of the county papers we clip the fol- lowing account of its discovery and what is thought of it: To-day, (May 4, 1882,) Mr. D. Rice of Green Ridge, was met by a Bazoo reporter to whom he gave some information about a 53 1038 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. famous well recently dug at that town by J. S. Ream. The well is 120 feet deep, and the stream of water vigorous and copious. When it was struck and tried it was found to possess strong mineral flavor and tastes, and an examination of it was determined on. Mr. Ream sent some of the water to the analytical chemist, Dr. Juan H. Wright, of St. Louis, and after a careful analysis by that expert, it was discovered to be strongly impregnated with magnesia, lime and iron salts. The doctor also stated that he believed it would prove a valuable medicinal water, and suggested a complete quantitative analysis. The sam- ple analyzed also contained carbonic acid, silica, organic matter, sulphates of magnesia, iron, potash, carbonates of lime, magnesia and iron. It is believed that this water will prove the equal of that of Eldorado Springs, and it is expected great healing blessings will flow from this well. Early Settlers. — The early settlers must have a place in the history of the county To them we owe more than we are willing to give. They have stood the fiery test and passed through the ordeal of hardships and a pioneer life that their offspring might fondly remember. Many of those sturdy old men have lived to see the vast prairie teeming with golden grain, and instead of the elk, deer, and buffalo, domestic animals roam- ing at large upon a thousand hills, and many of these worthy old settlers have realized, with the poet Campbell, in "Pleasures of Hope:" " 'Tis the sunset of life gives us mystical lore, And coming events cast their shadows before." The early settlers of this and Washington Townships are the same, or nearly so. Both these townships were a part of Elk Fork and before the townships were divided the pioneers had opened up their homes and laid out their claims for future farms. These were in times when township lines were not laid down on the map, and when the surveyor had not yet done his work so thoroughly as at present. In fact the organization of the county had not taken place when the first family moved here, and not until some years afterwards were these townships divided by the County Court. The earliest settler of the section of country now occupied by Green Ridge Township, was Robert Means who came here in 1832. Mr. Means came from Christian County, Kentucky, to Howard County, Missouri, where a part of his family were born. He removed with his family in November, 1832, to what is now Green Ridge Township, Pettis County. He died in 1844 and is buried in the southwest corner of the township. Squire Robert D. Means came with his father from Howard County, Mo., to Pettis County in 1832, and settled in the township where he now resides. He has lived in the county the entire period, except a few years that he resided in Mexico City, where he moved in order to give his children the benefit of the superior educational facilities afforded by McGee College. John L. Hawkins came HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1039 between 1835 and 1838, from Howard County, Mo., and after living here a number of years he returned to Howard County, where he died. In 1857, Washington Starke came to the township from Pike County, Mo., and still resides on his original farm. Daniel Ramey came to this town- ship in 1842, from Georgetown, Mo. During the war he was killed by guerrillas near Rose Hill, Johnson County, Mo. John S. Cole came between 1850 and 1855 from Illinois to this township, and is still a resident of the county. W. H. Hammonds came in 1855 from Cooper County, Mo. During the civil war he espoused the cause of the South, and died in defense of what he believed to be right at the battle of Little Rock, Ark., in 1862. William and Benjamin Hawkins came in 1856, from Cooper County, Mo., and settled in this township. The former now resides in Windsor and the latter resides near the same place. Thomas Owens • came from Georgia, and died at his home in this township in 1862. Hiram Richardson came about 1844 from Tennessee, and after residing in this township for twenty-two years died at his home in 1866. Thomas Richardson, the former's father, came in the same year from Tennessee and resided in this county twenty years, but is now dead. Absalom and John Elliott came with their father in 1836, and settled in what is now Washington Township,|which was then a part of Elk Fork. Absalom died a few years since but John still resides in Washington Township, and is a large land owner and stock dealer. James C. Hatton came at an early day and settled in this township, but died at his home in the spring of 1861. Nathaniel Parberry came from Virginia at an early date and still resides in Sedalia. Thomas N. Ireland came in 1858 from Illinois and lived in this township but a short time. He died at his home in 1860. John D. Majors came from Callaway County, Mo., in 1855, and still resides on his home place. M. M. Lampton came from Christian County, Ky., in 1855, and resides at present in the city of Sedalia. O. W. Withers came in 1854 from the same county of Kentucky as Mr. Lampton. He was killed while serving under Price, in the Confederate Army, at Iron Mountain. Robert Humphrey came to Pettis County in 1854, and for a number of years was a resident of this township, but died a few years ago on Coal Camp Creek, in Benton County. James O. Ellis came to this county in 1856 from Christian County, Ky. He lived here a few years but finally sold out and went back to his old home. He died two or three years ago in Hppkinsville in his native State. Thomas F. Parazetle came in 1854 from Henry County, Mo. He was formerly from Virginia, and he died in this township in 1881. George- Bell came in 1854, from Paris, Illinois and now lives near Los Angeles, Cal. Lapsley Bell came in 1854 from Paris, 111., but died in the fall of 1875. Henry Woodard came in 1854 from Henry County, Mo., and still resides in this county. Agronomy.— The farmers of the township are engaged in cultivating, 1040 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. to quite an extent, large fields of flax, broom corn and meadows, besides their staple productions of wheat, corn and oats. Many of them have large flocks of sheep, some finely graded, and this year's clip of wool has been shipped, or at least a portion of it, direct to eastern markets, where the best price is realized for. this, the growing industry of Central Mis- souri. The cattle industry also receives a large share of attention as the shipments by rail show. There are few graded herds in the township, but those that are shipped are mostly natives which have been grazed on the ample pastures and fed on the large surplus of corn raised in the township. The splendid line of the M., K. & T. Railroad running through the township affords excellent facilities for shipping all surplus that is pro- duced. Land is low and can be purchased all the way from $20 to $40 per acre. As it is being improved it becomes more valuable, and land that was entered at $1.25 per acre now brings the prices named, and in a few years will be worth from $50 to $60. Churches. — The churches of the township, although few in number, are well attended and cared for. To some extent religion belongs to mankind by nature. The good of all ages have sought a better life, here and in the world to come. With the poet Rowe, they have felt — " Then to be good is to be happy ; angels Are happier than mankind, because they're better. The recollections of the past grow dearer as age ripens upon them. Memory, without the aid of written records, is not always to be relied upon. The Hebrews were taught to keep their records on stone, and to this day, specimens of their art are to be found in many ancient ruins. But few among the early christians pretended to keep records, but those that have come down to us are rich in facts with- out dates. Dates are of great importance in every avenue of life. Strip all our business documents of dates, and they become meaningless and useless. The church, the society of the best on • earth, carries with it a nucleus of sacred history which will be read with intense interest if not with tearful eyes. The early religious societies of this township were composed of the best citizens, who, in coming to a wild country, sought the communion of saints as one of the prime factors of their asso- ciations for worthy citizenship. However rude the tenants, they spent their Sabbaths in worship, and sought a "tabernacle not made with hands." The Green Ridge Congregational Church was organized Jan. 1st, 1871, by J. M. Bowers and J. B. Turner. The present house of worship was erected at a cost of $1,100, in 1878, by the persons interested in church building in the community of Green Ridge. It is a frame building, 28x44 feet, and was dedicated by Robert West on Jan. 1st, 1879. The pastors who have served to the present time have numbered only two. They are J. M. Bowers, first two years; one year unsupplied, and for the last HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1041 eight years J. G. Baily has officiated in that position. The original mem- bers of the church were Geo. D. Hicks, Abigail Hicks, J. H. Knapp, Lydia S. Knapp, Harry C. Knapp, Thomas Ashton, Mrs. Thomas Ash- ton, Charles Ashton, Nellie Ashton, Mrs. Sarah Fowler, Mr. Labaw, Phil. Williams, Mrs. Phil. Williams, Miss Wilbur, Robert McCormick, Miss Amelia McCormick. Total number of original members, seventeen ; number of present membership, forty-nine. The congregation supports a good Sunday school, which has an average attendance of seventy-five. The present superintendent is Charles Kidd, and the secretary is A. B. Fowler. The church is well seated and lighted, has a raised rostrum and pulpit and a good organ. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of Green Ridge, was organized Jan. 9, 1876, by Rev. R. A. Cole, of Otterville, assisted by Rev. William House. The place of worship oE the congregation has always been in the Methodist Church building. The incumbents of the pulpit have been C. W. Weeden, Geo. W. Mathis, Rev. McBride. The pulpit at present is vacant. In the organization on Jan. 9th, 1870, the elders elected and ordained were Dr. G. W. House, W. C. Wells and Benj. Melvin; deacons, Elijah Phillips and Tipton Edwards. The minutes of the proceedings of this meeting were signed by R. A. Cole, moderator, and C. W. Weeden, clerk. The names of the original members are: Dr. G. W. House, Wm. C. Wells, Benj. Melvin, Margaret House, Lizzie House, Ann Melvin, Elijah Phillips, Helen M. Morris, Jasper N. Morris, T. M. Edwards, Sarah Nichols, Terrence Sheble, Mary E. Sweet, Helen Farr, M. Saund- ers, Susan Saunders, Amanda A. Weeden, Ellen Wilkerson, M. E. John- son, Geo. W. Allen, Catherine Kirkpatrick, Mary A. Burnett, C. Weeden, Frank Saunders, Mary Davidson, John M. Morefield, Laura Morefield, Mary N. Kulp,.Mary Phillips, Ellen Ream, Geo. W. Clayton, Josephine Harr. The congregation has received since its organization accessions from Flat Creek Neighborhood, W.T.Bennett, Amanda Bennett, Lillie Bennett; and have received accessions from other sources, Mrs. Agnes Parks, by experience; John T. Edwards and Emily E. Edwards by letter; Kate Smith, Wm. H. Weeden, Warren B. Weeden, Ella Weeden, Lou Ruble, D. I. Beck, J. A. Smith, James Price, Densa Price, Mary Price, Henry Price and Minnie M. Weeden, at a protracted meeting held on Jan. 2d, 1879, and several days consecutively, by Rev. Geo. Mathis, in connec- tion with the Methodists, who were represented by Rev. J. H. Gillispie. The deaths in the congregation have been few. M. Saunders died on January 21st., 1876. His funeral was preached by Rev. C. W. Weeden. Dr. G. W. House has also passed away and his funeral was preached by Rev. Weeden. Dr. House was an excellent member of his church and a min- ister of unblemished reputation. The important revival above men- tioned resulted in a large number of professions of religion. Endeavors 1042 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. are being made to build a house of worship for themselves and secure a preacher to fill their pulpit. The Church of Christ of Green Ridge Township is situated in the vil- lage of Green Ridge, and was organized by Elder S. K. Hallam, April 25, 1880. In the spring of 1882, a commodious frame house 28x48 was erected at a cost of $1,000, and was dedicated in the same year by Elder S. K. Hallam, and he has been the regular minister until the present time, and Elders Jesse Grisham, Nat. M. Ragland, John Rains and Wm. Dunfee have occasionally occupied the pulpit. The original members are: Thomas Close, Catharine Close, Sarah J. Martin, Nannie Martin, R. D. Rains, Lou J. Rains, Cassie Edwards, Aaron Dunfee and wife, R. H. Nelson, F. A. Logan, D. E. J. Logan, Melinda Rains, Wm. Dunfee and wife, Lecta Dunfee, Mariah Dunfee, G. W. Womach, Phoebe Womach, James Neal, John A. Logan, Mary Womach, Columbus Parks, Eliza Neal, Alice Womach, Mattie Womach, Emily D. Womach. The present membership of the church is forty-two. From the history of the Church of Christ by R. L. McHatton, Evangelist, in 1881, for Johnson and Pettis Counties, we glean the following: "The Pettis County Co-operation of the Church of Christ sent Robert L. McHatton, their Evangelist, to this place to preach the gospel and try to organize the few members htre into a church. The evangelist introduces the following brief history of the congregation: Two years ago the County Board sent Elder Wm. Jarrott to Green Ridge. He labored acceptably for two weeks. Several were baptized and some were gained for the denomina- tion. Elder S. K. Hallam has labored for the' church since its organiza- tion at quite a sacrifice. In the fall of 1880, the board sent Elder J. W. Monser to this point to hold a protracted meeting, but without any visa- ble results owing to the inclement weather. The brethern met for a while in the M. E. Church, but soon after accepted the invitation of the Congregational Church to occupy their house. Elder Hallam com- menced preaching Sunday, Sept. 25, 1881, but was so interrupted by rain that very little was accomplished. The County Evangelist arrived on the twenty-ninth. The weather was inclement but several were added by confession, and thirteen by letter. On Monday, the 10th, the church was organized, and the following officers were elected: R. D. Rains and G. W. Womach, Elders; F. A. Logan, James Neal and Thomas Close, Deacons; F. H. Logan, Clerk. It was a pleasant meeting, and a subscription was started for a house of worship." In the Sedalia Eagle-Times of May 31, 1882, we find the following: The Christian Church was dedicated to-day. Services conducted by Rev. S. K. Hallam. At the morning service it was stated that there was about $100 lacking to pay for the church in full. In a very few minutes there was $125 raised, and about iflOO more was subscribed that will HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1043 be paid in a few days. There was a very large congregation in attendance, including many strangers, also a full representation of our citizens. A bountiful, sumptuous dinner was served in the Grange Hall. Dr. W. T. Shivel, of the Christian Church of Windsor, presented this church with a large and handsome Bible. Richard D. Rains responded to this in an elegant and touching line of remarks. There was a resolution passed thanking the Congregational Church of this place for their kindness in allowing them the use of their church for the past many years. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Green Ridge was organized in 1872 by the Rev. W. W. Powell, with George Anderson, James Ander- son, Mary and Jane Anderson, S. Johnson and Mentzee, as members of the class. Around this nucleus there has grown a church organi- zation of forty-two members with an influence for moral good that is felt all over the entire neighborhood. In 1878 the congrega- tion erected a nice house of worship, at a cost of $700. It is a frame structure, capable of seating 200 persons, and is neatly furn- ished. The building was dedicated in 1880 b}' Rev. J. N . Pierce. The Pastors that have been in charge are: Revs. W. W. Powell, James A. Little, E. H. Smith, John S. Nelson, F. Oechsli, John Lutz, John H. Gillis- pie and A. P. Salaway. The congregation keep up a Sunday School, with an average attendance of seventy-five, with M. Anderson as Super- intendent, and L. B. Ream Secretary for this year. The congregation is in a flourishing condition. Data. — The first marriage in the township was Josiah Nelson, from Lafayette County, to Miss Sarah Means, in the year 1840. Both are dead, the former dying near Clinton and the other at her fathtr's place. The first birth was in the winter of 1832, and was a colored child, who was named Julia Ann. Her mother belonged to Robert Means, Sr., and she still lives in the county north of Windsor. She has been married twice and has children and grandchildren. The first death was that of a colored man named Solomon Cofer, in the family of Robert Means, Sr., in 1840. The first Minister: For years there was no resident Minister. The first circuit rider was Rev. Jackson Whitsett, of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination, and his first visit was in 1833, with Rev. Dr. R. D. Mor- row of the same church, who held their meetings in the houses of neigh- bors. The first camp meeting was held on the farm of Robert Means in 1838. It was continued yearly for four or five years, and has since been held near Centerview, Johnson County. R. D. Morrow died at Columbus, Johnson County, Mo. The first physician was Dr. James Hogan, from Calhoun County. He came prior to 1840, and now resides in Fort Scott, Kan. 1044 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. The first school taught in the township was in the present school dis- trict, No. two, and the first teacher of the school was Emma Wells. Few crimes have been committed in the township, and none whatever were committed until the railroad was built. In 1855 a damaging fire swept over the prairie. It was set on fire by- Martin Biggs, and he was sued by Mr. B. Melvin, and .paid damages to the amout of $200. There was little immigration until after the war, and what came in came principally from Cooper County. The early settlers' hardships were, that all the marketable stock and grain had to be driven or hauled to the river points for shipment. These points were Boonville, Lexington or St. Louis. There was but one main road from Clinton to Boonville, and from Georgetown to Lexington. In the drouth of 1854 the majority of farmers did not raise more than a hat- ful of corn per acre, and the economy practiced that year was wonderful. THE VILLAGE OF GREEN RIDGE. A town of about 300 population ; was started in 1870-71, when the M., K. & T. Railroad came through the county. It is located in the north- eastern part of the township and is beautfully situated on the prairie in the heart of a prosperous and fertile farming and stock raising region, has a dozen places of business, three churches, a good school house, grange hall, stock yards, warehouse for grain, etc., and is an active trading and shipping point. The shipments by rail from the station for the year 1881 -82, were as follows as reported by the accommodating agent, Mr. E. C. Havely: Cattle, ninety-eight car loads; hogs, forty-five car loads; hay, fifty-one car loads; walnut logs, nine car loads; oats, eight car loads; broom-corn, eight car loads; flax seed, six car loads; wheat, three car loads; corn, three car loads; sheep, three car loads. From May 1, 1881, to June, 1882, the receipts at the railroad office have been as follows: June, $616.98; July, $895.39; August, $785.62; September, $861.62; October, $882.90; November, $755.74; December, $808.78; January, $1,038.37; February, $980.16; March, $837.38; April, $640.65 ; May, $708.49. Total for year $9,812.00. • The business men of the town are: F. A. Logan, dealer in dry goods and groceries; George A. Tompson, dealer in dry goods and groceries; James S. Ream, druggist; William H. Owens, hardware; D. Rice, under- taker; E. C. Havely, postmaster and agent M., K. & T. Railroad; M. Shebel, saddler; Charles Nichols, blacksmith; E. M. Phillips,, proprietor Phillips House; T. B. & N. Rice, carpenters; B. Melvin deputy postmas- ter; James Vaughan, proprietor of Vaughan House ; William Ralls, pain- ter; W. H. Flesher, physician and surgeon; C. W. Leabo, physician and surgeon; E. C. Havely, dealer in lumber. HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1045 The town has been incorporated for over a year and is in a fine condi- tion financially, having no debt and but little expense connected with its management. The first Board of Trustees of the town were James Paton, Dr. W. H. Flesher, Benjamin Melvin, James S. Ream and F. A. Logan; John Ireland, marshal. The Independent Order of Good Templars in the town was organized in 1873. They however allowed their organization to go down, but were reorganized last October, 1881, and now have 120 members in good stand- ing. They occupy the old Grange Hall, but this is too small for their accommodation and a new hall is necessitated. The officers for the pres- ent quarter, May, 1882, are A. B. Fowler, W. C. T. ; Carrie Buckner, W. V. T.; L. Anderson, R. S.; J. A. Logan, F. S.; Mattie Ream, Treasurer; M. Anderson, Chaplain; L. B. Ream, Marshal. Before their organiza- tion in October, 1881, there were two saloons in town but the influence of the Templars has succeeded in ridding the village of their presence and now it is a temperance town in the fullest sense of the word. JOHN H. BELL. The subject of this sketch was born in Edgar County, Illinois, near Paris, October 3, 1841, where he was raised on a farm until fifteen years of age. His father, Robt. K. Bell, came with his family, consisting of his wife and three children, to Pettis County, Mo., in 1856, and located on the land now occupied by his sons, John H. and James W. • He died in 1869, and his ashes repose in the family burying ground, upon the farm, beside those of his wife, who had departed from this life ten years before. John H., his son, having received some education in Illinois, availed himself of the advantages afforded here also. Since the death of the father, his large farm has been divided among the children. In 1862 Mr. Bell enlisted in the Confederate army, and was assigned to duty in Hineman's escort, under Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke; but towards the close of the war he was transferred to Young's battalion. A minnie ball passed through his right side in a small fight at a stockade between the mouth of the Red River and a bayou that empties into the Mississippi River. He shared all the fortunes and reverses of Young's battalion, and after leav- ing Hineman, Mr. Bell surrendered with his comrades at Shreveport, La. in June, 1865, to Gen. E. B. Canby, U. S. A., and was afforded transpor- tation to St. Louis by steamer, and thence by rail to Sedalia, and from the last named place went direct to his farm. He was married Jan. 7, 1870, in Benton County, Mo., to Miss Mary H . McDaniels, who was born and resided there, and they have been blessed with two children, viz: Francis G. and Robt. M. Mr. Bell pays some attention to the culture of and speculation in stock, principally cattle, horses, hogs and sheep, while his farm shows many very striking recent improvements. 1046 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. ROBERT L. BELL. The subject of this sketch, Mr. Bell, was born in Paris, Edgar County,. Ills., Sept. 4. 1835, where, until twenty years of age, he resided upon a farm. At that age, in 1855, he came to Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo., and entered 320 acres of government land at $1.25 per acre. He was married in Johnson County, Mo., in 1857, to Miss Nancy J. Coats, a native of Fulton, in this State. The result of this marriage is five child- ren, viz: James O., John, Lillie, Robt. B. and Benjamin F. Mr. Bell died Sept. 20, 1873, in the faith of the gospel, having been a member of the O. S. Presbyterian church since his seventeenth year. John Coats, the father of Mrs. Bell, was the first sheriff of Callaway County, upon whom the duty of hanging a criminal devolved, and her mother, now living in John- son County in her seventy-eighth year, rode on the first boat that came up the Missouri River. Mrs. Bell and her children have charge of a large and well improved farm. JOHN W. CHRISTIAN. The subject of this sketch, Mr. Christian, was born near Lexington,. Fayette County, Ky., in 1831. His father brought him, when" but nine years old, to Boone County, Mo, and settled on a farm near Ashland, and the subject of our sketch became inured there to farm life and obtained an excellent education at the neighborhood schools. In 1852 he was mar- ried in that county to Miss Mary Black, and in 1854, with his small family, he came to Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, where he bought and improved his farm. But in 1861 his wife returned to Boone County, Mo., with her children, and died near Ashland in 1863, leaving four children, viz: David M., Louamma A., Katie and William S. At the beginning of the hostilities in 1861, Mr. Christian espoused the Confederate cause, and joined Col. B. F. Gordon's regiment, in the brigade of Gen. J. O. Shelby, so distinguished for raids and desperate fighting in concert with and inde- pendent of Gen. Sterling Price. But Mr. Christian obtained a transfer to Price's escort in the fall of 1863, with which he remained until the war closed. He participated in all the principal battles fought by Gen. Price,, and surrendered with his comrades at Shreveport, La. He then returned to Boone County, Mo., gathered up the surviving members of his family,, and in the fall of 1865 was again industriously laboring to repair his bro- ken fortunes upon his farm in Pettis County, Mo. He was married the second time Dec. 24, 1865, in Callaway County, this State, to Miss Julia A. Blythe, a native resident of said county. Through this union they have eight children, viz: Churchill, Sallie, Samuel M., Thomas, John, Charles R., Frank H. and Edmund F. Another child, Lee, died in Nov- ember, 1871. Mr. Christian . still suffers from a fever contracted while following the hard life of a soldier in 1862. He was taken prisoner once HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1047 during the war, near Huntsville, on the War Eagle River, in Arkansas, but was released immediately afterwards and returned to his regiment. He has been a member of the Baptist Church for thirty-one years ; his wife also has been a member for twenty odd years. He is an industrious farmer and very popular in his neighborhood. MICHAEL DOHERTY. Mr. Doherty was born May 22, 1844, in Kilkenny County, Ireland, where he lived until he was ten years old, attending the private schools- May 4, 1854, having crossed the Atlantic Ocean, he located at Peoria, 111., and during the seven years of his residence there he attended school. He then went to Livingston County, 111., where he rented a farm and followed that vocation for seven years. During part of this time he was constable of Pike Township, Livingston County. Mr. D. was married Oct. 15, 1865, to Miss Elizabeth Murphy, a native of Columbus, O. They have five children living, Edward W., Katie, Jno. T., Mary E. and Clarence J., and one dead, Nellie, who departed from this life in 18T7. In November, 1868, he removed to Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo., where he purchased a farm of 160 acres of land. He now has 480. He also has 100 head of steers, six cows, ten head of horses and a house whose eleg- ance is in keeping with the surroundings, proving that all who come across the waters to America do not come here in vain. WILLIAM EDE. Mr. Ede was born in Surrey County, England, in the year 1832, and enjoyed the splendid facilities there afforded for education and prepara- tion for life's duties. When sixteen years of age his father brought his family across the Atlantic and came directly to Missouri, locating on a farm in Jefferson County. In 1854 Mr. Ede went to California and mined extensively in Butte, Plumas and other counties in that State. He joined, in 1865, the Indi'an scouts of the United States army, known as Company A, First California Cavalry. He returned to Jefferson County, Mo., in 1866, and the same year married Miss Samira E. Parker, of said county, who died at Miller's Landing, Franklin County, in 1875, leaving two children, Margaret A. and Flora J. Mr. Ede went from there to St. Louis County, where he resided several years, his several occupations being farm- ing, building county roads and railroading; afterwards removed again to Franklin County, where he was railroading on the Missouri Pacific. He there was married to Miss Lucinda Null, a native ot said county. They have five children, Mattie, Mary S., Ada, Dora and Cora. He moved again, this time to Henry County, where he followed railroading until January, 1880, when he located in Green Ridge, Pettis County, where he has since been section foreman on the M., K. & T. R. R. 1048 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. T. M. EDWARDS. The subject of this sketch was born near Smithton, Pettis County, Aug. 23, 1848. He received a good preparatory education in the same locality, and was raised on a farm, which occupation he has followed all his life in his native county. He was married Aug. 31, 1876, to Miss Cassie Mc- Gee, a native of Hickory County, Mo., and they have one child living, Lizzie L., and one dead, Augusta F. Mr. Edwards will continue his agricultural life, it having now become to him a lucrative and pleasant occupation. W. H. FLESHER, M. D. Dr. Flesher was born in the year 1829 in Jackson County, Va., where he passed his childhood in acquiring a good preparatory education. His thorough medical education was obtained at two of the most noted col- leges in this country. He attended the Louisville Medical Seminary, now the Louisville Medical College, first, graduating in 1850. He afterwards received the benefit of lectures at the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Col- lege from 1854 to 1855. The eminent Dr. Jno. King, author'of the Ameri- can Dispensatory, was then a professor in that excellent institution. Dr. Flesher practiced medicine for several years both in Virginia and Ohio, crossing the Ohio River to Great Bend. He was married March 2, 1852, to Miss Mary Parr, a native of Marietta, Ohio, the marriage having taken place in Meigs County, Ohio. Seven childreh are the offspring of this union, one of whom, Irwin W., was born in Virginia; two, Rosa and Lucy E., in Ohio; and four in Illinois, Minnie, Cora, Mamie and Nellie. The Dr. practiced his profession several years in Meigs County, O., returning in 1860 to Worth's Bottom, Va., where he resided until the breaking out of hostilities in 1861. He then entered the U. S. army as assistant sur- geon in the Eleventh Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Col. D. Frost com- manding. He was connected with it but a brief time, however, for he was detached for recruiting service, and was rapidly promoted from the rank of First Lieutenant to that of Captain, and from the latter to the rank of Major, having recruited the battalion known as the Third Virginia Cavalry, whose head-quarters were at Parkersburg, W. Va. Major Flesher was next assigned to the Third Regiment of West Virginia Cav- alry, which was annexed to Gen. Avery's command, and participated with him in his operations in and around Harper's Ferry. Soon after this regi- ment was reorganized, and attached to Gen. Geo. A. Custer's command. He followed Sheridan, the dashing and brilliant cavalry officer, in all his campaigns in the Valley of Virginia, and Maj. Flesher's command led the charge at the battle of Cedar Run, one of the most brilliant on record. His regiment was mustered out at Washington at the close of hostilities. Dr. Flesher went thence direct to Olney, 111., with his family, where he HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1049 resumed the practice of his profession, doing quite a prosperous business for thirteen years. In 1878 he came to Sedalia, and established a practice in that city and the surrounding country, which he held until April 10, 1879, when he located in the town of Green Ridge, where he now has an extensive business and enjoys the confidence of all the good people for miles around in his integrity and thorough medical skill. ELMER L. FOWLER, (Deceased). Mr. Fowler was born in April, 1828, in Rush County, Ind., where he was raised until, in his sixth year, his parents removed near Wabash, the county seat of Wabash County, on the Wabash River, being among the pioneers of that region. Here the father was employed as first County Surveyor, and his knowledge of the soil, etc., caused the settlers who wished to enter land to apply to him for assistance. The elder Fowler was born, raised and married in West Virginia. He died in Wabash County, Ind., when his son, Elmer L., was but eight years of age, who con- tinued to reside on the same farm until the year, of his marriage. He was united in matrimony in 1852 with Miss Mary E. Berget, also a native of Indiana, who died in the town of Wabash the following year. She left a son who lived but five months. Mr. Fowler was married again in 1854 to Miss Sarah Donaldson, a native of Decatur County, Ind., born in 1829, her parents having moved to Wabash County when she was six years old. The next year the family went to the Indian Reservation, held by half-breeds, in Minnesota, where they farmed about three years. In June, 1857, Mr. Fowler sold his effects in the reservation and returned to Indiana, and resided for ten years continuously in Wabash County, run- ning a saw-mill three-fourths of the time. Mr. Fowler was also a carpen- ter, and possessed considerable genius and skill in several mechanical employments. He worked at the carpenter's trade for several years. Finally, in the fall o( 1868, he removed to Pettis County, Mo., and pur- chased the farm now occupied by his family. Aug. 4, 1881, while cut- ting bands at a threshing machine, his shirt sleeve became unbuttoned, caught in the cylinder, drew his hand in after it, and it was so terribly crushed and the subsequent weather was so intensely hot that amputation became necessary. He lingered on, in much suffering, until Aug. 27„ 1881, when he expired, with his weeping wife and children surrounding his death-bed. He had been raised by pious Presbyterian parents. Those of his family who survive him are his widow and six children : Wilbur E., Mary E., Arthur B., Marion L., Ella F. and Alice M. Another child, Fmma L., is dead. Mr. Fowler was Justice of the Peace in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo., at the time of his death, having been elected to that office, though unsolicited by him, two years before. His sons are the principal broom-corn raisers of the county, cultivating from 1050 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 100 to 125 acres, with an average yield of 500 pounds per acre. One of the sons, Wilbur E., studied medicine under Dr. J. W. Trader, of Sedalia, in 1881, and is now at Ann Arbor, Mich., pursuing his studies. Arthur B. Fowler has charge of the farm, in the management of which he is assisted by Marion L., his youngest brother. EDWARD C. HAVELY. Railroad agent, Green Ridge, Mo. Though Mr. Havely has not reached the meridian of his life, it has been very active and replete with pleasing episodes. He is a native of Pettis County, having been born in Green Ridge, Dec. 28, .1858; received a home education, and was raised on a farm. He commenced the study of telegraphy in Sedalia, at the excellent school of A. W. Nohe, and completed his knowledge of that art in his present position. Feb. 7, 1878, he was married to Miss Hattie Edwards, a native of Peoria, 111. He was appointed agent at Green Ridge station on the M., K. & T., Jan. 2f>, 1877, having managed the office for Mr. Keightly, his predecessor, from September, ]876. Since his appointment the sta- tion has been managed in his name, and with the exception ot a visit to Colorado in 1879, he has himself been assiduously attending to its duties. THOMAS HEMPHILL. The subject of this biographical sketch was born in Ohio County, W. Va., eight miles from Wheeling, in the year 1819, and raised on a farm. He experienced the usual vicissitudes of a farmer boy's life until he attained his maturity. In 1845 he was married to Miss Mary A. Austin, also a native of Ohio County, W. Va., who died in 1865, leaving ten children: James P., Charles M., Geo. W., Benton' A., William C, Thomas C, Alonzo L., McClelland R., Mary L. and Margaret O. He was again married in the same place March 4, 1869, to Miss Hannah E. Wallace, whose native place was the same as his own, and this union has been blessed with four children : Albert B., Martha M., Lottie L. and Alice V. He had come that year to Pettis County, Mo., and returned to his native State for the purpose, of marrying, and located the same year four miles west of Lamonte, where he farmed for eleven years. In 1880 he purchased and improved his present fine farm in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, on which there is an orchard of 150 trees. Mr. Hemp- hill and wife are members of the M. E. Church, South. GEORGE HOLLENBECK. Was born in Ohio, Nov. 27, 1850, and when about eight years of age, came with his parents to Pettis County, Mo., where he was reared and educated. After leaving school he engaged in farming and stock dealing, and is still following the same occupation. He owns a farm of two HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1051 hundred and thirty-four acres, well improved, with a fine residence. His father, Alphonso, was born April 2, 1826, in Hudson, Ohio, where he grew to manhood ; emigrating to Missouri in the spring of 1859. He died in California, June 26, 1873. Amanda, the mother of our subject, was born April 14, 1829, and reared in Ohio. Alphonso, the father, and Amanda, the mother, were married June % 1849, and in March, 1852, he emigrated to California, where he continued in mining until 1857; then returned to Ohio, thence to Illinois, where he remained until 1859, when he came to Pettis County, Mo. In October, 1861, he went into the army as wagon-master, serving in that capacity until 1863. After leaving the army he returned to his farm, where he continued until 1870, when he went to Nicaragua. In August, two years later, he went to California, where he engaged in farming, and continued in that employment till the time of his death, which occurred June 26, 1873. Mr. Hollenbeck was a man highly respected by all who knew him, a kind father and an affec- tionate husband. ROBERT P. HUSTON. This old and much respected citizen was born in Fayette County, Ky., near Lexington, in 1811. He was raised there on a farm until his twelfth year, when his father, Robert Huston, an inhabitant of Kentucky at that early day when canebrakes and Indians were the most familiar companion, and who served his country honorably in the war of 1812, in expeditions against the Indians, being for some time wagon-master in the army of Gen. Wm. H. Harrison, came to Boone County, Mo., where he farmed till 1833. In Columbia Robt P. Huston, Jr., learned the hat- ters' trade with his brother, Wm. B. Huston, now residing in California, under James and Seneca Sutton; the firm being known as Sutton Bros. Both of whom are now dead. Mr. Huston and his brother bought them out in 1832, and Robt. P. sold out his interest two years later to Mr. Matthew Culbert. He was married in Boone County, Mo., in 1834, to Miss Nancy G. Wiseman, who was reared in Kentucky, her father having moved there when she was quite a child. They have seven children living: Robt. T., married and living* in Henry County, Mo.; James H., married and living in Colorado City, Col.; Joseph W., married and living in Henry Co., Mo.; Jeannette T., wife of Harden B. Bell, residing near Stevensville, Montana; George B., married and living in Henry County; John G., married and living with his father, and. William O., married and living in New Mexico. One child, Chas. D., died in November, 1864, near Lincoln, 111. He was not in the army, however. In 1837 Robt. P. Huston went to Illinois, where he farmed until 184ft; then returned to Boone County, Mo., and farmed there until 1866, when he located permanently in Pettis County, Mo. Mr. H. joined the Presby- 1052 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. terian Church, (O. S.,) when he was twenty-three years old, but for the past twenty-eight years has been a member of the M. E. Church, South, to which all his family, with one exception, also belong. The aged father has ceased farming. The care of his large and well improved farm devolves upon his son, Jno. G. Huston. JNO. W. IRELAND. . Proprietor of meat market, Green Ridge, Mo. The birth place of Mr. Ireland was Fulton County, 111., and the date March 11, 1844. When two years old his father and family removed to Hancock County, same State, where our sketch finds him at the age of fourteen, having been raised on a farm there, and receiving a good preparatory education. In 1858 he was again journeying towards a " better country," and his father located that year at Smith ton, Pettis County; about two years later removed to Green Ridge. His father, who had come here primarily for his health) died at the latter place in 1860. After a varied and hard experience Jno. W. Ireland joined the State Guards, called out by Gov. Jackson, in the latter part of 1861, and in the fall of 1862 he united his fortunes with the regular Confederate army, under Gen. Price, being a sharp-shooter in the Ninth Battalion of Infantry, under Maj. L. A. Pindle. He followed Price in all his campaigns. In June, 1865, his battalion held the position of post guards at Shreveport, La., until they were relieved by the United States forces, being the last body of Confederates that surrendered in good military order in the west. He then returned to Pettis County, and engaged in farming and threshing in Flat Creek Township. He was in the threshing business for several years. A short time after his return he established his resi- dence in Green Ridge. Mr. Ireland was married April 18, 1876, to Miss Anna Melvin, daughter of Benjamin Melvin, and one child is the fruit of this union, Nellie H. Since the incorporation of Green Ridge he has been Town Marshal, and has won for himself both friends and honors by his energetic and upright deportment, both as a business man and an officer. JOHN LANEY. Born in the town of Banwell, Somersetshire, England, in the year 1826. He passed his life on English soil with his ' father, Samuel Laney, as a farmer boy, until 1845, when, seeing the superior advantages of the laboring classes in the United States of America as compared with those of his native country, he embarked for the new world and located in the State of New York, working at the carpenter trade in Seneca Falls, Seneca County, for some time. We see him at the carpenter's bench afterwards in Syracuse, N. Y., Kingston, Canada West, Oswego, N. Y., and Buffalo, N. Y., removing from the latter place in 1849, to Waterloo, N. Y., where he also followed his trade. The same year, 1849, he returned to England HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1053 on a visit to relatives, and while there was married to Miss Mary Price, a native of Banwell, England, the ceremony taking place at St. Mary's Rectory Church, in Bristol. The happy pair returned to America, and were blessed with four children: Francis M., Georgia A., John P. and Mary C. His wife died at Waterloo, N. Y., in September, 1858. .Mr. L. was again united in matrimony in 1859, with Miss Lucinda Lawrence, a native of Canada, having been born near Kingston. During the years of 1866 and 1867, having left his family at Waterloo, Mr. Laney was engaged in the oil refining business in Pennsylvania. In 1868, with his family, he came to Missouri, locating on his present farm near Green Ridge. It is one of the best improved farms in Pettis County, with ele- gant and ample buildings, good fences and beautiful trees and shrubbery. There are 240 acres in cultivation. His orchard contains twenty acres, comprising 1,220 trees of the best varieties adapted to the climate. Most of them are bearing, and fruit-buyers will find there the finest, largest and most abundant fruit crop, perhaps, on any farm in the county. Mr. Laney is justly proud ot his orchard, and devotes much time and skillful labor to protect it from insects and drouth. He also pays some attention to raising cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. In the yard which surrounds his beautiful residence are a number of evergreens, also an English royal oak, planted in 1877, and a number of white pines, brought from the forests of Pennsylvania. Mr. Laney is a careful, prosperous farmer, and a most amiable and much respected gentleman. C. W. LEABO, M. D. Green Ridge, Mo. After a short residence in Green Ridge, this skillful young physician has secured a liberal and extensive practice. He was born in Brazil, Clay County, Ind., in 1853, and received his preparatory education there. He removed to Tipton, Moniteau County, in April, 1865, where he resided until 1875. The Doctor began the study of med- icine with his father, Dr. I. S. Leabo, a graduate of the old Cincinnati Medical College, and afterward attended the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis in 1874, 1875 and 1876, graduating the last named year. He also attended a course of lectures in St. Louis in 1880. His practice was inaugurated at Cole Camp, Linn County, in 1876, where he continued until August, 1877, when he removed to Green Ridge. He was married Oct. 17, 1877, to Miss Sallie E. Heard, a native of Boonville, who died in Boonville, June 29, 1880, leaving one child, Roy H., who is still living. Charles Leon died in 1878. THOMAS LLEWELLYN. Mr. Llewellyn was born Dec. 15, 1830, in Switzerland County, Ind., and 54 1054 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. until he was fourteen years of age lived there upon a farm ; then going .with his father to Carroll County, Ky., where he farmed until 1869. He was married Oct. 18, 1851, in the latter county and State, to Miss Naomi Jacobs, a native of Scott County, Ky., and two children have resulted from this union : Winfield S.J now living with his parents, and Jonathan W., who died at the age of five years, ten months and fifteen days, in the year 1858. He volunteered in 1864 to serve his country, and was put under the command of Gen. Buckley, but on account of physical incapacity was compelled to leave the army three weeks alter. He had been drafted before but was declared exempt from military duty by the examining phy- sician. Mr. Llewellyn came to Missouri in 1869, and located in the same neighborhood where he now resides. In addition to raising corn and wheat, and constantly improving his fine farm, he buys and feeds cattle, hogs and horses, being liberal both in his purchases and sales. Himself and wife have long been devoted members of the Christian Church at Windsor, and are universally respected for their christian character and kind neighborly acts. FRANCIS A. LOGAN. General merchandizing, Green Ridge, Mo. The subject of this sketch was born in Shelby County, Ky., Aug. 8, 1840. His education was obtained in Trimble County, Ky., to which his family removed when Mr. Logan was quite young, and followed the occupation of farming. He went thence to Illinois in 1857, where he remained until 1871, merchan- dizing. Mr. Logan was married in Shelby County, 111., June 7, 1866, to Miss Linnie Gaddis, of said county. As the fruit of this marriage there are six children living: Emma, James C, William F., N. May, Mary E. and Rosa G., and one dead, Dora J., who died in this State. He came to Pettis County in 1871, and bought and operated a farm, three miles south ot Green Ridge. Shortly afterwards he went into the mercantile business in that village, and his business has steadily increased until it is now in a very flattering and promising condition. Mr. Logan holds the office of deacon, treasurer and clerk in the Christian Church at Green Ridge, and has gained esteem from all for his honorable and upright life. JAMES McCAMPBELL. The subject of this sketch was born in Preble County, Ohio, near Lewisburg, November 11, 1843, where he was raised until fourteen years of age, attending school and working on a farm. At that age he went to La Salle County, 111., near Ottawa, where he farmed from 1857 to Aug- ust, 1861, with his father. At the latter date he enlisted in the Thirty- Third Illinois Infantry, Col. C. E. Hovey, then principal of the Nor- mal School near Bloomington, commanding. With this regiment, which HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1055 was under Steel and Curtis in Missouri, McClernand in Mississippi, A. J. Smith in Louisiana, C. C. Washburne in Texas, and under the immediate command of Gen. Osterhaus, who had charge of the department of Vicks- burg until December, 1865, Mr. McCampbell went in its long campaigns, frequent marches, and 'terrible fighting, until it was mustered out of service at Yazoo City, Mississippi, in 1865. Returning to Illinois he resumed his former quiet and happy farm life, and in March, 1867, was married to Miss Maaura Wadleigh, a native of New Hampshire. Their home receiving its complement of joy in the birth of three children: Harrison, Randolph and Roy. In 1870 Mr. McCampbell removed with his family to his present residence, where he has productive soil and good neighbors all around him, in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, and devotes his energies to the cultivation of the soil and sheep culture. ROBERT D. MEANS. Mr. Means and his father were the earliest settlers in Green Ridge Township. He was born in Howard County, Mo., June 13, 1823, and raised there until nine years of age. Nov. 4, 1832, he was brought by his father, to his future home in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo. It was in this home that he acquired an excel- lent education by means of the very poor educational facilities and his personal efforts. He carried the flag for the government surveyors in sections forty-three and forty-four of his township when a boy. During the Mexican war he volunteered for service twice, but the required num- ber of troops reported at Independence, Mo., and he was left out. His father commanded a company of minute men with a captain's commission, during the war of 1832, and his maternal grandfather, Wm. McDonald, was a lieutenant in the command of the celebrated Marion in the Revolu- tionary war. Mr. Means, the subject of our sketch, was married Aug. 31, 1843, in Johnson County, Mo., to Miss Juliet Cooper, daughter of David Cooper, who was one of Johnson's first inhabitants, having settled at an early day at the head of Muddy Creek. She died, May 29, 1847, near Windsor, but in Pettis County, leaving two children: William H., who was killed on the Saline River, in Arkansas, while in the Confederate army, in 1864; and James W., who is married and residing at Los Angeles City, California, being a minister of the M. E. Church, South. Her remains were interred in Cooper cemetery, in Johnson County. Wm. M. was again married July 5, 1848, to Miss Susan E. Tindall, a native of Kentucky. The father and mother of his last wife both died at Trenton, Grundy County, Mo. Both of his wives were acquainted with his father's family in Kentucky, living in the same neighborhood. A brother of his las.t wife, Col. J. T. Tindall, killed at the battle of Shiloh, was a member of the Missouri convention called by Gov. C. F. Jackson, in 1861, to dis- 1056 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. cuss the propriety of seceding. He had formerly represented Grundy County, in the State Senate; had enlisted as a private in the Mexican war, and was soon promoted to the rank of major on Gilpin's staff: and at the time of his death was colonel of the 23d Missouri Regiment in the army of General U. S. Grant. It was the brilliant dash of this Missouri regi- ment, led by their daring colonel, that saved Grant from a disastrous defeat at Shiloh, but at the dear sacrifice of the lives of Col. Tindall and all his regiment except forty. A. monument has been erected to his mem- ory at a cost of $10,000, the government having appropriated $5,000, and the citizens $5,000. Robt. D. Means, the subject of our sketch, took his family in 1859 to the vicinity of Macon City, Mo., for the purpose of edu- cating his children at McGee College. He then kept a boarding house for females only. His children by his last wife were as follows: Eugenia F., wife of M. E. Carpenter, of Windsor; Susan A. wife of Geo. W. Tryon, cashier of the Savings Bank at Windsor, Mo.; Mary E., wife of L. N. Craig, of Maryville, Nodaway County, Mo.; Robt. L., married and living in Henry County, Mo., and Edward W., residing with his parents ; he has been for sometime past the first E flat player in the Windsor Cornet Band. There are three dead: Augusta L., who was killed with laudanum by a negro nurse, when three years old; Edward T., who died at the age of fourteen in 1864, of spinal menin- getis; and Lola M., who died Aug. 12, 1870. Mr". Means returned from the vicinity of McGee College in 1861. He entered the Federal service in the fall of 1863, and was connected with the Missouri State Militia, his regiment being known at first as the Old Sixtieth, then as provisional, and again as the Sixtieth. Col. Henry commanded the last Sixtieth. Mr. M. was elected captain of company C, organized in his neighbor- hood, but as originally organized it did not go into service. He again joined the same company re-organized in 1862, with Judge Geo. Gallaher as captain, which was stationed at Calhoun and Ft. Lyon principally. He was in several skirmishes with the guerrillas, and was mustered out of service at Ft. Lyon, in Benton County, Mo., in 1865, and returned to his farm. Mr. Means has been justice of the peace with a few short intervals for the past thirty years, and is known everywhere as "Squire Bob." During the organization of the township, he was a member of the town- ship board. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which body he has been an elder since he was twenty-four years of age. His wife is also a member. Mr. M. is a prosperous farmer, and his decisions as justice of the peace are an evidence of considerable legal learning and judicial capacity. BENJAMIN MELVIN. No man in Green Ridge Township has been more conspicuous since its HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1057 early settlement, in business and social relations, than Mr. Benjamin Mel- vin, and he deserves such mention as his probity and virtue plainly have indicated and received from all his acquaintances. He was born in Jef- ferson County, Va., Dec. 29, 1807, and was there raised and educated. He began life as a carpenter and cabinet maker, and afterwards engaged in the mercantile business. He was married in Loudoun County, Va., Jan. 16, 1834, to Miss Isabella Cockrell, daughter of Joseph Cockrell, residing in that locality. A large family, consisting of nine children, has resulted from this union. Their names are: Thomas J., William H., Benjamin F., John D., Mary I., Ellen F., Virginia C, Ann E. and Phoebe A., and there is one dead, Laura J. Mr. Melvin went to Ohio in 'the fall of 1835, and engaged in farming. In 1854 he started for Missouri, and the same year rented land in Cooper Count}', but he finally settled down in Pettis County, in the town of Green Ridge. Until recently his occupation has been clerking. He now has charge of and owns a small confectionery store in the post-office building, which he constructed, and is deputy postmaster, under Mr. E. C. Havely. JAMES F, MITCHELL. He was born in Caldwell County, Ky., Jan. 5, 1827, where he grew to maturity. He grew up on a farm, and in 1845, being a vigorous young man of eighteen, he volunteered for service under General Winfield Scott, in the Mexican War. He belonged to Company G., Captain Conn, and his superior officers were, respectively: Major Ward, Lieutenant Colonel Preston, Colonel Williams, and Brigadier General Marshall. The Regiment was known as the Fourth Kentucky Infantry. Mr. Mitchell went out in response to the last call for troops, and consequently saw no active service in the field, the City of Mexico having capitulated, and peace soon after following. He returned to Kentucky in 1848, and farmed the following year with his father, Cader Mitchell, a soldier of 1812. In 1850 he came west, through Missouri and other States, looking at the country, and the same year went to school in Hickory County, this State, for six months, which completed his education. Filled with the spirit of adventure he went to New Mexico in 1851, where he remained a little more than six months, teaming with six and seven yoke of cattle over that rough country, at a salary of from $20 to $30 per month, and at the end of that time returned to Kentucky. But the same old love of adven- ture induced him, in 1852, to proceed to Springfield, Mo., which was then in Green County; the county name now being Webster, where he obtained an outfit for roughing it in California, to which State he slowly wended his way. His occupation there was mining, and he searched long and industriously in the shoal diggings, flats and rivers for gold, with very satisfactory remuneration. He returned to Kentucky in June, 1858, with 1058 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. $7,700, having left behind him a large amount loaned out, and lost by gambling and speculation about $4,000. He now regards the last named as the greatest error of his life. Mr. Mitchell labored with his father on the Kentucky farm until 1860, when, having in 1850 entered 160 acres of land in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo., as the bounty allowed by the Government to the Mexican soldiers in addition to their small pay of eight dollars per month, he located upon the same, and immediately began to improve it. Here he has lived since, following ■ peaceful agriculture through the long civil war. But at midnight of May 16, 1863, Mr. Mitchell was taken to the timber adjacent to his house by four men in Federal uniforms, who requested him to tell where his horses were, and were told that they were out in his pasture grazing. Appar- ently in doubt, at the suggestion of Mr. M., his negro boy was called for, and made the same statement. They had been in still greater doubt about his veracity before this, having tormented him for more than an hour by means of a rope adjusted by a noose to his neck and drawn frequently over the limb of a tree. Mr. M. was saved by the negro's testimony. He has always lived in bachelor style; has served as road overseer for one year, and has added to his California fortune since he occupied his present farm by handling stock, chiefly . The varieties consisting of cattle, horses, hogs and mules, which he buys, feeds and sells. Mr. Mitchell is much respected in his neighborhood for his generosity to the poor, who never ask of him in vain, and he impresses every one favorably with his frank and affable manners. ROBERT A. MOFFETT. The subject of this sketch was born in Shelby County, Mo., in 1837, where he passed his childhood on a farm and received his education at the schools of the neighborhood. He was married in August, 1859, to Miss Mary E. King, a native of Trimble County, Ky., who died in the summer of 1864, leaving two children, Lucy A. and Ernest K. He was again married in 1865 to Miss Martha A. Taylor, a native of Carroll County, Ky., by whom he has three children: . Wm. W., Ivanilla and Walter S. Mr. Moffett came to Henry County, Mo., in 1876, and farmed there two years, removing in 1878 to his present residence in Green Ridge Town- ship, Pettis County, Mo. JAMES F. NICHOLS. This gentleman was born three miles northwest of Green Ridge, and received his education and farm training in the same 'locality. At the breaking out of the civil strife he united with Gen. Sterling Price's army, with which he fought in the battle of Pea Ridge. Afterwards, under Beauregard, he participated in the first and second battles of Cornith, and HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1059 was with Pemberton in the seige and surrender of Vicksburg. At Pea Ridge he was wounded slightly in the left arm. Mr. Nichols states that there are several inaccuracies in the history of the late war, and pointed out the following as cases within his certain knowledge: Col. Reeves, of the Third Missouri Regiment, C. S. A., was killed at Pea Ridge; Gen. Jno. A. Bo wen was killed at Port Gibson in May, 1863; which battle was fought on the 19th, 20th and 23d. Martin Green and Little were killed at Iuka. Mr. Nichols was captured May 16, 1863, at Big Black Bayou, and confined in prison seven months; after which he was paroled one month, then exchanged, and entered Slidell's command. He was again captured at Fort Blakely, opposite Mobile, April 9, 1865, and detained as a prisoner of war at Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, until he obtained his parole May 5, 1865. He then returned home. January 6, 1869, he was married to Miss Sarah J. McGee, a native of Moniteau County, Mo. They have three children: Viola B., Iva F. and Ernest J. Mr. Nichols has been engaged in farming and stock culture for some time past, in which lines he now enjoys the advantages of a large and varied experi- ence. 'CHARLES W. NICHOLS. Blacksmithing and repairing. Green Ridge, Mo. The son of one of the oldest settlers, Wilson Nichols, deceased. Was born May 9, 1854. He received his education and has worked at the blacksmith trade for eleven vears past in his native place, which speaks loudly in his favor. He does all kinds of blacksmithing and repairing on liberal terms. Also is very well acquainted with wood work, and has a large number of patrons. JAMES S. REAM. Was born March 4, 1847, in Pettis County, near the present site of Sedalia, and was raised and educated in his native county. He was mar- ried in 1866, near Green Ridge, to Miss Ellen F. Melvin, who was born April 6, 1847, daughter of Mr. Benj. Melvin, the present Deputy Postmaster of the village of Green Ridge. They have three children living: James E., aged sixteen; Maud A., aged eleven; Frederick E., aged eight; and Minnie F., born March 12, 1869, died in infancy. Mr.Ream located in the village of Green Ridge ten years ago, and engaged in the drug business, and has, by industry and application to his chosen profession built up a laro-e and flourishing trade. By his affable and courteous manner he is a man who will always make friends, and as a business man, whose sense of honor is keen and whose judgment is far seeing, he has few superiors. He engages in the grain and stock business extensively, and buys and ships annually large amounts of wheat, corn, hay and hogs. He has been Notary Public for four years. In the spring of 1882, while having a 1060 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. well sunk on his premises, valuable mineral water was discovered, and Mr. Ream is making every effort to have it fully developed, and make his village one of the numerous pleasure and health resorts of the State. The analysis of the water, of the well by Juan H. Wright', of St. Louis, shows that it contains: Carbonic acid, sulphated magnesia, iron, potassa, chloride sodium, magnesia, carbonate lime, silica and organic matter. HIAL B. REED. Mr. Reed was born in Ontario County, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1816, where he was raised on a farm and lived until 1868. He was married Jan. 20, 1846, to Miss Sarah McArthur, a native of Albany, N. Y., and this union was blessed with four children: Helen, Frank B., Nathan B. and Harriet. The oldest daughter is the wife of Wm. Manville, of Green Ridge, and the youngest is the wife of Mr. Geo. N. Farr, a resident of Green Ridge Township. Mr. Reed farmed in Ontario County, N. Y., until 1868, when he went to Knox County, 111., farming there about one year; he then returned to Seneca County, N. Y., adjoining Ontario County, where he farmed until his removal to Missouri in 1878, when he located at his present residence. Physical disability . prevents him from personally attending to the affairs of the farm, and his two sons faith fully discharge that duty. DAVID N. RHOADS.. The subject of this sketch was born in Bartholomew County, Ind., in 1849, and was there raised and educated,^and there served an apprentice- ship to the plow business. He was married in 1873 to Miss Mary J. Smith, a native of said county and State, and three children have resulted from this union: Pink, Phillip W. and David C. Mr. Rhoads came to Missouri, locating in Pettis County, in October, 1874, and lived near Lamonte. He moved to his present home in September, 1881. While in Indiana he served as constable for the township in Bartholomew County, in which he resided. Though young, he has a bright future. J. FRANK TOMLIN. Farmer and stock dealer. He was born Oct. 1, 1841, in Goshen, Cape May County, N. J., where he was reared. He was educated at Union College, at Shiloh, New Jersey. After leaving school he was engaged in farming until the spring of 1862, when he enlisted in Company I, Twenty- fifth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and was commissioned First Lieu- tenant in August, 1862, serving with honor in said capacity till March 20, 1863, when he was promoted to Captain. He was mustered out of service by expiration of term of service, June 6, 1863. After returning to his home he raised a company, and Jan. 4, 1864, he went out as Second HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. 1061 Lieutenant, Company A, Third Regiment New Jersey Cavalry, and June 6th he was promoted to First Lieutenant, Company M, of the same regi- ment, and May 6, 1865, he was promoted to the Captaincy of Company E, and served till August 8, 1865, when he was mustered out. He participated in many engagements and campaigns during the war. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13 and 14, 1862; on the . 14th he was wounded by a peice of shell. He was also in the battle of Suffolk, Va., May 3, 1863; the battle of the Wilderness, May 3, 1864; United States Ford, May 19, 1864; Ashland Station, June 1, 1864; North Anna, June 2, 1864, at which place he was put in command of Gen. A. E. Burnside's escort; the battle of Hawes Shop, June 3, 1864; Bottom's Bridge June 4, 1864; White Oak Swamp, June 13, 1864; Smith's Store, June 15, 1864; Warwick Bridge, July 5,1864; before Petersburg, July 25, 1864; Lee's Mill, July 27, 1864; Winchester, August 17, 1864; Sum- mit Point, Sept. 21 and 22, 1864; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 22, 1864; Win- chester, Sept. 24, 1864; Bridgewater, Oct. 12, 1864; Mount Jackson, Nov. 22, 1864; Lacey Springs, Dec. 21, 1864; Morefield, Feb. 22, 1865; Waynesborough, March 2, 1865; Dinwiddie C. H., March 3, 1865; Five Forks, April 1, 1865; Petersburg, April 2, 1865; Deep Creek, April 3, 1865; Sailors Creek, April 6, 1865, where he commanded the battalion of Third New Jersey Cavalry, and while leading a charge on a Rebel Bat- tery he received two sabre cuts fracturing his skull, for which he now draws a pension. He was mustered out of service August 8, 1865, at Trenton, N. J., and in the fall of the same year he went to Mason County, 111., where he engaged in stock feeding. In the spring of 1866 he came to Pettis County, Mo., locating in Green Ridge Township, where he has since resided, following farming and stock raising. He owns a farm of three hundred and twenty-five acres, well watered and improved, fenced with barb wire; he being the first to introduce this kind of fence in this region. He has a handsome new brick residence, thirty-two by thirty- four, two stories and a basement, also a fine barn thirty-six by forty-four, twenty-two foot posts, together with all the modern improvements of the day. He was married March 7, 1866, to Miss Lou Morell, in Penn's Grove, Salem County, N. J. She was born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1843, drughter of Rev. James Fletcher Morell and Sophia C. Morell. She was educated in Philadelphia and Pittsburg, finishing her education with a three years course at the College of Bordentown, N.J. She taught seven years in the public schools of New Jersey, and three years in those of Missouri. This union has blessed them with five children, of whom four are still living, viz: Edward, born April 20, 1867, and died May 28, 1875 ; Emma, born Sept. 13, 1868; Morell, born Dec. 19, 1870; John Francis, born Nov. 17, 1875, and Harold, born Oct. 18, 1877. Mr. Tomlin's father, John, was born in New Jersey, April 8, 1798, and there grew to manhood, 1062 HISTORY OF GREEN RIDGE TOWNSHIP. following farming, marrying Judith Cresse in 1824, in Goshen, Cape May County, N. J. The Rev. James Fletcher Morell was born in Yorkshire, England, April 1, 1817, and at the age of fourteen emigrated with his parents to America, aud was educated in Philadelphia. Mr. Tomlin is a thorough business man, an ardent advocate of free schools, public roads, stock law, land and wire fences, very independent in the expression of his opinions, thereby exciting the enmity of some opponents. JOSEPH D. WADLEIGH. The subject of this sketch, Joseph D. Wadleigh, was born in Rocking- ham County, N. H., in Exeter, the county seat, May 10, 1818, and lived in his native county for fifty years. He worked at the shoemaker's trade for fifteen years. He was afterwards a dealer in lumber, and still later making brick in Rockingham County, New Hampshire. He was married May 24, 1843, to Miss Francis E. Prescott, a native of the same town and State. They have had three children: Geo. H., Carrie R., who died at Exeter, N. H., Aug. 13, 1866, and John B. who died at Point Burn- sides, Ky., in 1864, from a congestive chill brought on by a wound in the hand.- He held the rank of sergeant in the Ninth Regiment New Hamp- shire Volunteers, Burnside's command, and was wounded at Antietam. He was present at the surrender of Vicksburg, June 2, 1868. Mr. Wad- leigh came to Missouri and located on his present farm in Green Ridge Township, Pettis County, Mo. - His wife died Sept. 10, 1877. She was a member of the Congregational Church, having previously united with the . Baptist Church, however, in the. east. Mr. Wadleigh's farm comprises 160 acres, and has an orchard of 1,700 apple trees, 600 peach trees, and several other varieties of fruit. He is a jolly, good humored, contented, and much respected old gentleman. CHAS. E. WADLEIGH. This prominent farmer of Green Ridge Township was born in Ken- sington, N. H., in 1843, where he also was raised to farming pursuits until his 13th year. He then went to La Salle County, 111., where he lived until the breaking out of the civil war, when he enlisted in the United States army under Gen. Curtis. ' He belonged to the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry, Company B., which was organized at Bloomington, 111., Aug. 20, 1861. He participated in the campaign through the Hatchie River country, in the engagements at the siege of Vicksburg, and below Vicks- burg; was at Grand Gulf and Jackson, the principal battles fought in Louisiana and during the opening of the coast of Texas, and in the last engagements against Mobile at the close of the war. His company was transferred to the Thirteenth Army Corps in 1863, and to the Sixteenth in 1864, and was mustered out Dec. 6, 1865, at Camp Butler, 111. Mr. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 106S Wadleigh then returned to Illinois. In 1871 he came to Missouri, and selected the farm on which he now lives, in Green Ridge Township, Pet- tis County, for his future home. Shortly after he went back to Illinois, and was married May 29, 1871, to Miss Hannah M. Brewster, a native of Grundy County, Illinois, where the ceremony took place. Through this marriage they have five children: David E., Walter L., Nettie F., Fred- erick A. and Fannie L. Mr. Wadleigh has a large, well improved farm. His horses are of the Morgan class, and he has one thoroughbred, Justine Morgan. CHAPTER XXIV.— WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. Introduction— Name— Organization— Configuration— Early Settlers— Churches— Schools, past and present— Early Teachers— The First Voting Place— The First Postoffice— ■ Incidents — Biographical. Much of the history of this township belongs to and has been given in connection with the early history of the county and also the separate town- ships, therefore it would be tiresome to the reader to repeat it in this chap- ter. Its experience is that of other townships, and the laws in obedience to which it has developed are the same as obtained elsewhere. The inter- ests of the community have been carefully cared for all these years past, and that care has shown itself in advancing the moral and educational standing of the township. The influx of population through the years from the time in which the township was settled until the close of the war was very slow. It would doubtless be a matter of extreme interest to trace the emotions and. thoughts of the early residents, were such a thing possible. They came from the older and more populous east; left behind them all the advan- tages of a high civilization, the comforts of pleasant homes, friends and associations, made doubly dear by long and constant intercourse. They came to hardships and toil, but for these they cared little. There were hopes to be realized, plans to be developed, farms to make and homes to build. Whatever of romance we may wish to attach to their lives, there was but little in reality. Their coming, it must be remembered, was not always a matter of election. They did not always come to a land, then a wilder- ness, altogether from choice, buf because stern necessity made it impera- tive. They came, and opened the doors of a new world, and the print of their footsteps is imbedded in the sands of time, too soon to be entirely cov- ered by the ever-changing tide of life. They came and found that long ages anterior to their occupation of the land, there had lived and thrived another race — men who, in the far off times, had left their marks all over the face of our fair land. They found the red man in possession, but from 1064 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. whence came he? Suppose he was the lineal descendant of the mound builder — -what then? We have only moved the difficulty another step back, and still man was. They have left their works in some parts of this county-^-none that we know of in this township — but tell us more than habits and distribution, they do not. Name. — Since the day in which this township was christened in honor of the great patriot and statesman, the immortal George Washington, time has been at work. The wheels of progress have turned westward, and by skill and industry the intelligent sons of toil have developed the natural resources which the liberal hand of the Omnipotent has so freely distribu- ted among them. The township, as we have said, derives its name from the illustrious father of his country, and thus shows with what reverence and respect the pioneers regarded the great man by whose heroic efforts we are permitted to-day to enjoy the blessings of a free land, a free gov- ernment, a free church and school. Could too much honor be given him ? Name towns, cities, townships, counties, State and children after him, and then we shall fail to give him enough veneration. Honor to those loyal citizens who, in their patriotism, gave the name they did to this town- ship. Organization. — This is among the townships organized at the second arrangement of townships in 1844. Up to that year it was a part of Elk Fork and Flat Creek Townships. In 1844, by a petition of the settlers then in the southwestern part of the county, these two townships were divided, and the township of Washington created, embracing what is now Green Ridge and Washington Townships. In this arrangement it stood until 1873, when the county adopted township organization, and Wash- ington Township was made the western half. As it now stands it is bordered on the north by Prairie Township^ on the east by Flat Creek Township and Benton County, and on the west by Green Ridge Town- ship. Its bounds as described by the County Court are as follows: To include all of congressional township forty-four, range twenty-two, and all of that portion of township forty-three, range twenty-two, that belongs to Pettis County, bound as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of township forty-four, range twenty-two, running thence west on the town- ship line to the northwest corner of same township, thence south on the range line to the southwest, corner of section seven, township forty-three, range twenty-two, running thence east on the county line to the southeast corner of section two, same township and range, thence north on the range line to place of beginning. The population of the township as given in 1880 is 890, including the little village of Ionia. Configuration. — The surface of the township is more broken than its neighbors on the east or north. Flat Creek runs nearly diagonally across HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1065 the township, and is the principal stream of water in its bounds. The other small streams all tributary to the one mentioned above are South Fork and Basin Fork. The surface of the land is beautiful, rolling prai- ries on the uplands and heavy timber along the bottoms. Some very desirable agricultural lands lie in the divides between the streams, while the bottom lands are rich and produce immense crops. The timber is of that class common to the rest of the county. Of its neighbor, Flat Creek Township, on the east, there has been given an extended physical review and the characteristics of this is much the same as that. Early Settlers. — -In early years from the time of the settlement of the county, where the early settlers' history properly commences, until the organization of the county, where it properly ends, we find little trace of settlement in Washington Township. The few early men who ventured here prior to 1830 found, as everywhere, an unbroken plain and forest, inhabited only by the Indian, deer, elk, buffalo and wolf. These held sway over the territory that under the hand of skilled labor is now yielding an abundance of fruitage. Among the earliest settlers of the township was I. Elliott, who came from Woodford County, Ky., in 1836. When he settled in the township there was but one family between him and the headwaters of Flat Creek, that of Wm. Miller. W. Anderson, of Flat Creek Township, came at the same time as Mr. Elliott. Wm. Brown came in 1834. There were also living in the surrounding country Wm. Davis, who resides on Bason Fork ; Pittman on Camp Branch, and one or two others. John Elliott, who still resides in the township, came with his father in 1836. When these families settled here the land was not subject to entry, but was settled under what was known as the settlers' rights. The earlv men laid out what farms they thought they could manage, and these cost them from twelve and one-half cents to $1.25 per acre. Now, in less than two decades, the values have increased to from $20 to $35 per acre, and the wonderful change that has been 4 wrought makes those who were here at an early day almost long for the free and joyous early times again. Among these early settlers are some who exerted a powerful influ- ence in directing the course of events in the county. They were men sterling and. true, whose contact with men and things made them self reliant and energetic. Nothing so much as pioneer life serves to develop real manhood; nothing so much leads to self-independence, nothing is so effective for discipline. First Voting Place. — The first place in the bounds of the township where the voters exercised their right as American citizens was at the house of Ira Durrell. Mr. Durrell died in 1852, and is buried in Flat Creek Township. The voting place of the township is now at the little town of Ionia. 1066 HISTORY OP" WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. Churches. — There is but one church in the township, that ot the Flat Creek Protestant Methodist denomination, situated in the southwest part of the township, on section four, township forty-three, range twenty- two. It is a frame structure, erected by the members of the congregation in 1882, at a cost of $850.00. It was dedicated in the fall of 1882, by Rev. J. T. Shepherd. The building is comfortably furnished, and is twenty-four by thirty-six in size, and twelve foot ceiling. The pastors who have been in charge of the congregation are T. J. Shepherd, J . W. Baldwin, assisted by Mrs. Baldwin, D. T. Forduv, A. T. Johnson, M. W. Wells and John D. Cruse. The original members of the congregation were James M. Purcell, Lucinda J. Purcell, A. McNett, Lewis Tompkins, and wife, Cyrus Furguson, John Martin and ,wife, and others. The pres- ent membership is forty. The congregation keep up a Sunday-school of fifty scholars, of which j. F. Howe is superintendent, and Mrs. M. J. Leffler is secretary. The society from its organization has been very prosperous, holding its prayer'meetings once and twice a week and has •never had to hold church sociables or .any other kind of entertainment in order to support itself. Its growth has been healthy and it is now on a firm foundation and is each month increasing in strength and moral influ- ence. The first school in Washington Township was a subscription one, in 1852 or '53. The district school system was organized in 1854:, and the first one was taught by B. T. Matthews. He afterwards taught several terms of school in the township. The first school building used was the same that John Elliott Srst went to housekeeping in. There are at pres- ent six school districts in the township, all have commodious houses and all supplied with the best appurtenances. Nearly all support subscription schools in the summer months. A Mr. Baker was one of the early teachers in the township, but when the gold fever of Pike's Peak was at its height he went to the "far west." First Post-Office. — Spring Fork was the first post-office in the township; it was discontinued and the office at Ionia established. Ionia. — This little villiage in the southern part of the township is the only town within its borders. It has two stores, a blacksmith shop or two, and the post-office, and this comprises its business. It was at an early day called Peel Tree. Incidents. — John Godfray was taken out in the fall of 1861, when excitement ran high, by the home guards, and shot. This is the only murder that has been committed in the bounds of said township. In an early day, after the settlement of the township had become quite extended, the Indians frequently made hunting expeditions into the territory of the township, but never did any damage to the settlers' stock. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1067 JOHN Q. ADAMS. Post-office, Green Ridge. One of the worthy bachelors of Washington is the subject of this sketch. He is the son of William M. Adams of Cooper County, Mo. John Q. was born in Cooper County, Mo., Dec. 10, 1839, and is the second child in a family of four children. He received a liberal education from the schools of his native county. When he was sixteen years of age he took an overland trip to California, and in the fall of 1859 he returned to his home in Cooper County, remaining a short time, when he took a business trip to Ohio, and bought a large number of sheep, and brought them to Missouri to winter, and was here when the war began. He was in the first battle that was fought in Missouri. This battle was fought about five miles below Boonville. After this he took his sheep to Texas, where he disposed of them. From Texas he went to Arkansas; here he enlisted as a soldier in the Southern army and con- tinued in its service until the close of the' war. Mr. Adams participated in some of the hard fought battles of the war. His regiment under Col- McCullough was in the following battles: Corinth, Guntown, Baldwin, Middleburg, Memphis and Ft. Pillow, and a number of smaller engage- ments. Mr. Adams received one slight wound while in the service. When peace was declared Mr. A. returned to his Missouri home, in Cooper County, where he remained one year. He then moved to Pettis County, bought himself a farm, and has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock ever since. He feeds upon his farm from fifty to one hundred and fifty head of cattle and about 150 head of sheep. He owns a fine farm of 468 acres, well adapted to farming and grazing. Mr. Adams is a man of considerable business capacity, and is held in high esteem by his friends. JOHN N. ANSPAUGH. Post-office, Ionia City, merchant of this place. He is the son of John Anspaugh, who was a native of Pennsylvania. The grandfather, George Anspaugh, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this sketch was born in Coshocton County, O., March 28, 1839, and is the sixth child in a family of eleven children. He received his education from the schools of his native' county. In the spring of 1861 Mr. Anspaugh moved to Missouri, settling in Benton County, where he lived until the fall of 1879, when he moved to Pettis County, locating at Ionia City, where he has since resided. Mr. Anspaugh was married April 17, 1864, to Miss Jane Houser, a native of Missouri. From this union there were four children, only one of whom is now living, viz: Alfred L. Mrs. Anspaugh dying, Mr. Anspaugh was again married in May, 1873, to Miss Elizabeth Miller, a daughter of Thomas Miller, a native of Pittsburg, Penn. From this marriage there are five children, viz: Nancy J., Lillie 1068 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. J., Hattie L., Nellie A. and Lewis. Since Mr. Anspaugh has been a resident of Pettis County, he has been engaged in the mercantile business at Ionia City. He is the owner and proprietor of the principal store in this village. He carries a large stock of dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes f etc. His business runs from $8,000 to $10,000 per year. Mr. Anspaugh owns the store-building where he is located. It is a large and commodi- ous building. He also owns a small tract of land near Sedalia. JOHN BENNETT. Post-office, Green Ridge. An old and respected citizen, and a man who has been prominently represented in the business circles of southern Pettis County is the subject of this sketch, John Bennett. He is the son of William Bennett, who was a native of Kentucky, and a soldier in the War of 1812. The grandfather on the mother's side, John Ham, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this sketch was born in Logan County, Ky., Nov. 14, 1 822, and is the second child in a family of eight children. His advantages for an education were somewhat limited, there being but few schools at that early day. In the fall of 1843 Mr. Bennett emigrated to Missouri, settling in . Henry County, where he remained about one year, when he moved to Benton County, where he lived until the summer of 1856, when he moved to Bates County. Then in the spring of 1861 he removed to Henry County, where he remained until the spring of 1863, when he moved to Pettis County, settling in the southern part of the county, where he has since resided. Mr. Bennett was married Feb. 22, 1843, to Miss Martha M. Ham, a daughter of Wm. Ham. From this union there were ten childrnn, all of whom are now liv- ing, viz.: William T., Greenup L., James E., Susan C, John M., Martha J., Lillie M., Harrison A., Walter L. and Edward A. Mr. Bennett has always been a farmer and stock-raiser. He has dealt extensively in the shipping of live stock. He owns a fine farm of 700 acres, well adapted to farming and stock-raising. CHARLES H. BOOTH. Post-office, Ionia City. Is the son of the Rev. Henry A. Booth, of St. Louis County, Mo. The grandfather on the mother's side, Ira Barbee, was a soldier in the War of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Louis County, Mo., Oct. 13, 1853, and is the second child in a family of six children. He was educated in the schools of his native county. In the spring of 1879, Mr. Booth moved from St. Louis County, to Pettis County, settling in the southern part of the county, where he has since resided. Mr. Booth was married Dec. 19, 1880, to Miss Laura Ross, a daughter of Washington Ross, a native of Kentucky. Miss Ross was a native of St. Louis County, Mo. From this union there is one child, viz: HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1089 Henry M. Since Mr. Booth has lived in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He keeps on his farm from forty to fifty head of cattle, and other stock in proportion. Mr. Booth, though a young man yet, is the proud owner of 480 acres of excellent land, situated on the beautiful rolling prairie of southern Pettis County. JOHN W. CANADAY. Post-office, Ionia City. Farmer and stock man. Is the son of Emmanuel Canaday, who was a native of South Carolina, but emigrated to Illinois at an early day. Here he took a prominent position as a citizen, holding offices of honor and trust. At one time he was elected sheriff of Jackson County. The subject of this sketch was born in Jackson County, 111., March 31,- 1836, and was the eldest child by his father's second wife. He received as good an education as the school of that day afforded. In the spring of 1873 Mr. C. moved his family to Missouri, settling in the southwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Canaday was married Nov. 18, 1858, to Miss Nancy M. Stround, a most estimable lady, the daughter of Isaac Stround, who was a resident of St. Clair County, 111. From this marriage there were five children, four of whom are living and at home with the father, viz: Thomas I., Mary E., George W. and Joseph F. Since Mr. Canaday's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. In the latter he has dealt extensively, and has had upon his land at one time as many as 100 head of cattle. Mr. Canaday owns a beautiful farm of 120 acres, well improved. He has under his control large tracts of land owned by Eastern firms, which lands he uses for grazing purposes. Mr. Canaday is a man of good business qualities, and for integrity and honesty stands high among the business men of Pettis County. CHARLES W. DENNY. - Post-office, Green Ridge. Is the son of Raphael Denny, who is a native of Missouri. He was born in St. Charles County, Mo., about the year 1821, and received his education from the common subscription schools of his native county. In the fall of 1856 he sold his farm and moved to the city of St. Charles, where he lived two years, when, in the fall of 1868, he moved to Pettis County, settling in the southern part, where he still resides. The subject of this sketch was born in St. Charles County, Mo., Oct. 27, 1850, and is the eldest child in a family of two children. He received his primary education from the com- mon schools of his native county, completing his education at the St. Charles College, and at a college in St. Louis. After completing his education he returned to Pettis County, where the father 55 1070 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. then lived. In the summer of that year he was appointed Deputy Sur- veyor, with W. H. Hewitt. This position he held until the fall of 1871. Then, in the spring of 1872, Mr. Denny embarked in the mercantile busi- ness at Green Ridge, which business he followed until the fall of 1873, when he sold out his stock of merchant's goods and engaged in farming and surveying, in which business he is still engaged. Mr. Denny enjoys the untrammeled fetters of a bachelor's life, and is held in high esteem by his friends and associates for the many qualities of his generous spirit. He makes his home on one of his father's farms, near the home place. The father has in the home farm 400 acres, and other lands to the amount of 150 acres. Charles has held the official position of Township Clerk of Green Ridge Township, he being the first elected under the townsihp organization. In the spring of 1874 he was elected Township Clerk of Washington Township, which position he held until the repealing of the act providing for- said organization. J. M. DURRELL. Post-office, Ionia City. Among the representative young men of south- western Pettis County, we find J. M. Durrell. He is the son of Milton Durrell. The son was born in Pettis County, Nov. 9, 1845, and is the fourth child in a family of ten children. He received a liberal education from the schools of his native county. Mr. Durrell was married Sept. 16, 1869. to Miss Anna E. Ramey, a most estimable lady, the daughter of Daniel Ramey, who was a native of Kentucky, but emigrated to Missouri at an early day. Mrs. D. is also a native of Pettis County. Through this marriage they have three children, all of whom are living, viz: Allie B., Rubie M. and John C. Mr. Durrell has been engaged in farm- ing and raising stock. He has also engaged extensively in feeding, buying and selling of live-stock. He owns a fine farm of 480 acres of well improved land. His residence is one of the finest in Washington Town- ship, with out-buildings, barns, &c. Mr. Durrell stands high among his neighbors, as an honorable business man, respected and esteemed wher- ever he is known. JOHN ELLIOTT. A successful farmer of Washington Township. He is the son of Isaac Elliott, who was a native of Kentucky. The grandfather, John Elliott, a native of Virginia, was one of the first settlers of Kentucky. The subject of this sketch was born in Woodford County, Ky., Mar. 9, 1822, and is the second child in a family of five children. Mr. Elliott emigrated to Mis- souri in the fall of 1835, settling in Pettis County, on what is known as Flat Creek, where he has since resided. He was married March 22, 1842, to Miss Malinda Mitchell, a worthy lady and daughter of Wm. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1071 Mitchell, a native of Kentucky. From this union there were four children, three of whom are living, viz: Elender, Isaac H., William M. Mrs. Elliott dying he wis again, married Aug. 22, 1848, to Mrs. Sarah L. Owens, a daughter of Daniel Ramey, a native of Kentucky. From this union there are eight children, all of whom are living, viz: Jane, Eliza- beth, James R., Daniel, Jaile, John, Gertrude and Sarah A. Since Mr. Elliott. has been a resident ofi Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and stock raising. He owns a fine farm of four hundred acres, located in section twenty ; it extends to the rich fertile lands of Flat Creek. His home farm is well improved ; and should he so desire he possesses enough of this world's goods to pass the remainder of his days in ease and retirement. E. H. HALL. We could not write the biographical sketches of the prominent citi- zens of Washington Township and do justice to her worthy men without mentioning E. H. Hall. He is the son of Amos H. Hall, who was a native of New York, and a soldier in the Mexican war. And the grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was made a prisoner by the Mother Country. After peace had been declared between the Mother Country and the Colonies the grandfather returned to his home in New York, and was a practitioner of medicine for many years. The subject of this sketch was born in Greene County, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1823. He received a good education from the schools of his native State. In the spring of 1854 Mr. Hallfmoved to Illinois. Here he remained for about two years, then moved to Missouri, settling in the southwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Hall was married Jan. 17, 1861, to Miss Sallie A. Moore, a native of Cooper County, Mo. From this union there were six children, only one of whom is now living, viz: Willie. Since Mr. Hall's residence in Pettis County he has principally been engaged in farming, and the raising of stock. He is a man of perserverance and energy, and in business has been very successful. Like many other good men, he has had some reverses; one of his was the payment of a large security debt of a worthless neighbor. Notwithstanding these reverses he is yet a man of ample means, and owns a fine farm where he resides of three hundred and twenty-six acres, and other lands to the amount of one hundred and forty acres. His home farm is well improved, the dwelling is S large substantial brick, one of the finest dwellings in the township. His barns are also of the largest and best to be found in this part of the county. HARVEY HAND, Sr. Post-office, Ionia City. Is the son of Gideon Hand, a native of New 1072 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. York, but who moved to Ohio at an early day, settling in Butler County, where he lived until his death. The subject of this sketch was born in Butler County, Ohio, Nov. 4, 1826, and is th,e fourth child in a family of six children. He received his education in the schools of his native county. In the fall of 1849 Mr. Hand moved to Missouri, settling in Benton County, and the year following he went to California, as many others did at that time, in search of glittering gold. He remained in California about one and a half years, when he returned to his former home in Benton County, where he remained until the spring of 1879, when he moved his family into the adjoining County — Pettis. He was married in the year 1848 to Miss Narcissus Berry, a native of iKentucky. From this union there were ten children, six of whom are living, viz: Wm. E., Isabella, Asa, Harvey, Joseph and Jennie. Mrs. Hand dying, he was again married Sept. 3, 1865, to Miss Frances E. Cook, an accomplished and most esti- mable lady, the daughter of Capt. A. H. W. Cook, who organized one of the first companies of home guards that were formed in this part of the State. Tnis company was stationed two miles east of Cole Camp, when an assault was made upon them and between thirty and forty of their number were wounded and slain, and the remainder dispersed. Then on the 7th day of November, Capt. Cook was made a prisoner by a squad of bushwhackers and killed, near Leesville, in Henry County. From this marriage between Mr. Hand and Miss Cook there were eight children, six of whom are now living, viz: Fredrick H., Edward A., Arthur J. and Anson E. (twins), Robert L. and the baby. Since Mr. Hand's resi- dence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He owns a fine farm of 200 acres, well improved, with a fine residence and other buildings. This farm is beautifully located on the southern boundary of Pettis County. R. I. HATTON. Post-office, Green Ridge. One of the most prosperous young men of Southern Pettis County is the subject of this sketch, R. I. Hatton. He is the son of J. C. Hatton, a native of Tennessee, but who moved to Mis- souri in an early day. R. I. is a native of Pettis County, and was born March 20, 1859, in the southern part of this county. He received a prac- tical education from the schools of his native county. Mr. Hatton was married Feb. 19, 1877, to Miss Rebecca Warren, a native of Kentucky. From this union there is one child, Casper. Since Mr. Hatton has been a man doing business for himself, he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 330 acres, with a fine dwelling, a large barn and other out-buildings. Mr. Hatton, by his straight-forward, upright dealing, has many friends, who speak of him in the highest terms HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1073 and we prophesy for him a high position among the leading men of the county. JESSE F. HOWE. Post-office, Ionia City. Among the young men of this township none are more worthy of mention than Jesse F. Howe. He is the son of John Howe, a native of Kentucky. The grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in Shelby County, Mo., Sept, 30, 1848, and is the oldest child in a family of eight children. He received a primary education in the common schools of his native county, completing his education in the High School of Shelbina, Mo. In the spring of 1873, Mr. Howe moved his family from Shelby County to Pettis County, locating in the southern part of the county where he has since resided. He was married Sept. 24, 1872, to Miss Mary Rogers, a daughter of Jonathan Rogers, a native of Pennsyl- vania. From this union there are four children, viz: George W., Minta E., Mary B. and Charles O. Since Mr. Howe has been grown, he has been engaged principally during the winter seasons teaching in the public schools of Shelby and Pettis Counties, and during the summer, he is engaged on his farm. He owns a farm of 400 acres, and a finer one is not found in southern Pettis County. It is well improved, with residence, barn and other buildings. This farm is excellently adapted to agriculture or grazing. Mr. H. has on his farm from 100 to 125 head of cattle, and other stock in proportion. Mr. Howe is popular with his fellow citizens, having filled the office of justice for four years. In politics Mr. Howe is a Democrat, and in religion he and his estimable lady are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. ISAAC HECK. Post-office, Green Ridge. Is the son of Jacob Heck, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and with his two brothers and father fought on the side of the colonies during the Revolutionary war. The subject of this sketch was born in Shelby County, Ind., Feb 7, 1832, and is the tenth child in a family of eleven children, all of whom are living at the present time. He received a liberal education from the common schools of his native State. In the fall of 1869, Mr. Heck moved his family to White County, Ind., where he remained seven years ; then in the fall of 1875 Mr. Heck emi- grated to Missouri, settling in the southern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Heck was married March 1, 1855, to Miss Margaret Yoe, a daughter of John Yoe, a native of Pennsylvania. Mrs. H. is a native of Ohio. From this union there were nine children, four of whom are now living, viz: James A., Joseph H., Malinda and Nina C. Since Mr. H.'s residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farm- 1074 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. ing and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 276 acres, well improved, with a fine large residence, barn and other out buildings. Mr. Heck is a whole souled, liberal hearted man. In business he is' strictly- honorable, enjoying the confidence of all. F. H. LAUGING. Post-office, Sedalia. No farmer of Washington Township is more deserving a notice in this work than the subject of this sketch. He is the son of Earnest H. Lauging, a native of Germany, but who emigrated to the United States in the year 1 845, settling in St. Charles County, Mo., where he lived until his death which occurred in Oct., 1847. The subject of this sketch was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 22, 1826. He received his education in the schools of his native country. Mr. Lauging came to the United States with his father's family in 1845, and with them settled in St. Charles County. In the winter of 1854, Mr. L. moved his family to Bates County, where he remained until the spring of 1862, when he moved to Pettis County, settling near where he now resides. He enlisted in the cause of the Union in the fall of 1861, but owing to disabilities he only remained in the service about one year. Mr. Lauging was married Jan. 10, 1852, to Miss Elizabeth Klostermeier, a native of Germany. From this marriage there are three children, viz: John H., Caroline and Mary, all of whom are living at home with their father. Since Mr. L. has been living in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming. He owns a large farm of 825 acres, under a high state of cultivation. To Mr. Lauging's credit, it can be truthfully said that this large farm' is the fruit of his own industry and economy. C. L. MORRIS. Post-office, Green Ridge. One of the old settlers of Washington Township is the subject of this sketch. He is the son of Chastine L. Morris, who was a native of Tennessee, His grandfather, Thomas Mor- ris, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The subject of this sketch was born in Grainger County, Tenn., Feb. 24, 1818, and is the only child of his father's family. His advantages for an education were limited, there being but few schools at that early day. In December, 1841, Mr. Morris emigrated to Missouri, settling* in Vernon County, where he remained until the spring of 1865 4 when he moved to Pettis County, set- tling in the southwestern part of the county, where he has since resided. Mr. Morris was married July 29, 1851, to Miss Jane Summers, a daughter of Jesse Summers, a native of Kentucky. From this union there are seven children, all of whom are living, viz: Helen M., William W., Newton J., Jasper N., Chastine L., Lucy L. and Jennie J. Since Mr. Morris' resi- dence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 107S He owns a fine farm of 360 acres, well improved, with a commodious residence, barn and other out-buildings. Mr. Morris, as a man, is highly- spoken of by his neighbors as being honorable and upright in all his dealings. T. A. NELSON. Another of the township's old and worthy citizens is the subject of this sketch, Mr. T. A. Nelson. He is the son of Thomas H. Nelson, a native of Fauquier County, Va. T. A. was born in Fauquier County, Va., Dec. 22, 1835. He received a practical education in the schools of his native county. In the fall of 1871, Mr. Nelson emigrated to Missouri, settling in Pettis County, and in the spring of the next year he moved his family to this township, where he has since resided. In the spring of 1862, Mr. Nelson enlisted as a soldier in the cause of the Confederacy, serving until the close of the war in the Sixth Virginia Cavalry, under Colonel Flournoy. Mr. N. was in some of the hard fought battles of the war. He was at the battle of Brandon Station, the second battle of Manassas, Gettys- burg, and he was wounded in a saber fight at Fairfield, Penn. He was taken prisoner on the 19th day of July, and was held for nineteen months, when peace was declared. Mr. N. returned to his home in Virginia where he remained until he came to Missouri. He was married Sept. 19, 1857, to Miss Fannie E. Frances, a daughter of R. H. Frances, of Fau- quier County, Va. From this union there are eight children living, viz: Henry H., Quincy M., Thomas J., Hugh R., Norman L., Julian F., Vir- gin and Marmaduke. Since Mr. Nelson's residence in Pettis County, he has been engaged in stock raising. He owns a beautiful little farm of 102 acres, with new dwelling, and other improvements. JAMES M. PURCELL. Post-office, Ionia City. Is the son of Andrew Purcell, who is a native of Indiana . The grandfather on the mother's side was a soldier in the War of 1812. The subject of this sketch was born in Marion County, 111.,' Oct. 26, 1842, and is the second child in a family of three children. He received his education principally from the schools of Iowa. In the spring of 1847 Mr. Purcell's father moved his family to Ft. Madison, Iowa, where they remained for about three years, when the father moved to Benton County, Mo. Then, in the spring of 1878, the family moved to Pettis County, locating near Windsor, where the family has since resided. The son moved to Washington Township in the spring of 1878, where he has since resided. He was married Jan. 29, 1864, to Miss Lucinda Fer- gurson, a daughter of Isaac Fergurson, a native of Missouri, and from this union there are seven children, three of whom are now living, viz: Mary M., Isaac S. and George. In the spring of 1862 he enlisted in the 1076 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. cause of the Union, under Col. Philips, remaining for about seven months. He afterwards re-enlisted, in 1864, in the Forty-fifth Missouri, under Col. Weer, of Boonville. He, with his regiment, participated in the battle at Jefferson City. Since Mr. PurcelPs residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 245 acres, well improved. He has upon his farm from fifty to sixty head of cattle, and other stock in proportion. In politics Mr. Purcell is a Republican, and in religion he and his wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. WILLIAM RIDENOUR. Post-office, Green Ridge. Is the son of Daniel Ridenour, who was a native of Pennsylvania, but who was taken to Ohio when he was quite young. Mr. Wm. Ridenour was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, March 22, 1822. His advantages for an education were limited. In those days schools in Ohio were very sparsely located, and many of the children had to trudge through mud and snow three and four milles to reach them. Indeed Mr. Ridenour lived so remote from schools that he was about fif- teen years old before he saw such a building, and when that pleasure was granted him he only saw a log hut, which was in every respect in keeping with the pioneer days of 1830. It was in the spring of 1843 that Mr. Ridenour and wife, then young people, started on their journey west- ward. They stopped in Indiana, where they remained until the summer of 1869, when he moved to Missouri, settling in the southwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. Mr. Ridenour was married Dec. 15, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth J. Murphy, a daughter of Phillip Mur- phy, a native of Pennsylvania and a soldier of the War of 1812. Mrs. Ridenour is also a native of Pennsylvania. From this union there were nine children, seven of whom are now living, viz: Daniel M., Margaret R., John P., David S., Elizabeth M., Joseph F. and Eliza E., all of whom are now married, excepting the youngest son, Joseph, and living near the father. Since Mr. Ridenour's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of 148 acres, well improved and under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Ride- nour is a man highly respected among his neighbors, and sustains an hon- orable name. ADOLPH RIECKE. Post-office, Ionia City. One of the most prosperous business men of southern Pettis County is Adolph Riecke, who is the son of Gottlieb Riecke, a native of Germany. The subject of our present writing was born in Germany, April 8, 1847, and is the seventh child in a family of ten children. He received his education in the schools of his native country. HISTORV OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 1077 In June, 1867, Mr. Riecke emigrated to America, landing at New York, but soon afterwards settling in Philadelphia, where he remained until the spring of 1870, when he moved to Missouri, settling at Sedalia, where he engaged in the meat business until the spring of 1880, when he moved to the southern part of the county, where he bought a fine farm, engaging in farming and the stock business. Mr. Riecke was married May 18, 1875, to Miss Charlotte Knaak, a daughter of August Knaak, a native of Ger- many. Mrs. Riecke is also a native of Germany. From this union there were four children, three of whom are yet living, viz: ' Amanda, Olga and Ella. Mr. Riecke owns a beautiful farm of 540 acres, well improved and well adapted for the purposes of farming and grazing; JOSEPH UPTON. Among the worthy citizens of Washington Township we find the sub- ject of this sketch, Joseph Upton, an Englishman by birth, and educated in the schools of his native country. He was born December 1, 1841, and is the fourth child in a family of eight children, all of whom are living in the United States. Mr. Upton emigrated to this country in April, 1872, landing at New York, where he remained but a short time, then started for the great west, where he expected to make his home. He settled in Pettis County, buying land in the southwestern part of the county, where he has since resided. Mr. Upton was married first in his native country to Miss Sarah A. Upton. From this union- there are four children, all of whom are living, viz: William J., Joseph, Albert J. and Sarah A. Mrs. Upton dying, he was again married Sept. 11, 1877, to Miss Margaret R. Ridenour, daughter of William Ridenour, of Pettis County. From this marriage there are no children. Since Mr. Upton's residence in Pettis County he has been engaged in farming, and by his own industry and frugality he is becoming wealthy. He is already the owner of a fine farm of two hundred and twenty-eight acres, on which farm Mr. Upton raises as fine crops as there are in Pettis County. WILLIAM WARREN. Is the son of Thomas Warren* a native, of Kentucky. The subject of this sketch was born in Clark County, Ky., April 21, 1826, and is the third child in a family of seven children- He received a liberal education from the schools of his native county. In the fall of 1856 Mr. Warren emigrated to Missouri, settling in the southwestern part of Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married May 8, 1849, to Miss Malinda J. Tribble, daughter of John Tribble, a native of Kentucky, Mrs. Warren is also a native of Kentucky. From this union there were eight children, seven of whom are now living, viz: James T., William F., John C, Geo. W., Langdon, Almeta and Annie D. During the earlier years 1078 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. of Mr. Warren's residence in Pettis County he was engaged in teaching in the public schools.. After which he embarked in the mercantile busi- ness, continuing in this until the spring of 1882. He has also been engaged in farming. He owns a fine farm of two hundred acres, where he resides; also a small tract of land in Benton County. SAMUEL J. WILSON. Is the son of Wm. Wilson, who was a native of Indiana. The grand- father, James Wilson, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and also a soldier in the war of 1812. Samuel was born in Hancock County, Ind., Sept. 19, 1839, and is the eldest child in a family of five children. His advantages for an education were limited. In the fall of 1847 Mr. Wilson moved to Illinois, settling in Bond County ot that State, where he remained until 1867, when he moved to Missouri, settling in Pettis County, where he has since resided. He was married first to Miss Rachel Boyd, a native of Illinois, Dec. 4, 1856. From this union there were four children, only two of whom are now living, viz: Lorinda and Delia. Mrs. Wilson dying, Mr. Wilson was again married Feb. 20, 1878, to Mrs. Martha Wright, a native of Missouri. From this union there are two children, viz: Minnie and Arthur. Since he has been a resident of Pettis County he has been engaged in farming and the raising of stock. He owns a fine farm of one hundred and eighty acres, well improved and under a good state of cultivation. In religion, Mr. Wilson and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. CHAPTER XXV.— FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. Introduction — Name — Celebrity of Name — Organization — Physical Features — Streams of Water — Kailroad — Early Settlers— Early Schools and Meetings — Agriculture — Churches — Schools — Incidents — Biographical. From the beauties and grandeurs of nature to the curiosities and won- ders of art, we see everywhere that the tooth of time has torn away some fragment of what some one has once admired. Many a splint from a curious noted tree that stands no longer is preserved in some cabinet. The wild grasses that once supplied the' deer, buffalo, antelope and elk, as they fed and wandered over nature's unmolested pasture have changed, and perhaps never more take the form of its wild nature. The animals that once grazed on these boundless prairies have given place to those of a domestic nature: Where once the tall grass grew and the fiery flames annually visited, now J is the dense grove of beautiful slim saplings whose bark shines like silver. The sturdy pioneers who first set their tent stake here, silently sleep where their sons and daughters breathe HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1079 above them a different atmosphere. A change in politics, religion and the government of the home circle now pervades their homes. Perhaps there are but few who have lived half a century, but can note great changes ; and often the spirit of the age advances with the individual. To keep pace with progress requires considerable diligence. In the following sketch of this township we shall endeavor as best we can to present facts rather than formulated theories. In the physical features of the township we shall endeavor to present a fair synopsis of what nature has here done. In statistics and population we will present such facts of changes as we deem most important and interesting to the community for which this sketch is more specially written. Under the head of "old settlers" we shall give all that is accessible and pertinent, and justly due those who have stood the trials and turmoils of a pioneer home. Those who have made history deserve a name in this volume, that generations hence may know who they were who first tilled the soil and opened up the way for they prosperity they enjoy. Such historical events and dates as are preserved, will be given on roads and post-offices, and an elaborate notice of the churches and schools, from the pioneer days down to the present. Agriculture, stock raising, and the future outlook of the town- ship will be carefully noticed. In giving what we have diligently pro- cured, to the public, we are aware that there are yet historic facts that are not within our reach. Enough, however, is given to preserve in the memory of those yet to live the noble founders of this township. Name. — There are but few places that have no historic connection with their names. Through a search of means at our disposal we have been unable to find record of the person who gave the name to this township. It perhaps derives its. name from the principal stream flowing on its northern borders and across the northwest corner through two sections. How the creek from which it takes its name came to be called Flat Creek is hard to tell, unless from rts flat, gravely smooth bottom. There is nothing more about it that would suggest the name of "flat." Its banks are in many places high and mostly covered with a luxuriant growth of timber and all along with brush. Organization.— Flat Creek was organized into a municipal township, with the rest of Pettis County, when the question of organization was voted on in 1872. It has been increased from the congressional township of thirty-six square miles, to something over forty-four, by the taking off of the 'southern part of Sedalia Township, and making the creek the dividing line between the two townships. The first township . board was: J. C. Hatton, W. M. Devole, and M. Parish. O. P. Hatton was the first township trustee, and Jacob A. Yankee was clerk. The 1080 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. present voting precinct in the township is at Walnut school house, district No. one, section eleven. Configuration. — The form of the township is almost a parallelogram. The northern end being bounded by the creek is irregular. The town- ship contains forty-eight full sections, and a number of fractions, bringing the whole up to nearly or quite fifty sections of land. In the west, south and east part of the township the land is high rolling prairie. The north is more broken, being near the creek and is well supplied with timber; still the farming land is as beautiful as can be found anywhere in the county. The land in the township is as we have said principally high rolling prairie, and nearly every acre is elegant farming land. The streams are all timbered along their banks, thus affording plenty of fuel. There are no coal mines in the township, and but little rock is quarried, and that is of the limestone and cottonwood varieties. The principal streams of water run- ning through the township are the one from which it takes its name, through the northwestern corner, Spring Fork through the center, and Walnut Branch' in the east. The last two empty into Flat Creek, the for- mer in the northern part of the township, and the latter in section thirty of Lake Creek Township. These creeks are for the most part fed by springs, and even during the dry seasons afford water sufficient for stock. In their course they are each, as we have said, followed by belts of timber. Early Settlers. — The early settlers of the township have mostly passed away. But very few remain to tell the interesting story of their early experiences to interested listeners. They were mostly from Virginia, Kentucky and North Carolina, and the blood of some of the best families of those States still courses through the veins of their lineal descendants. They were always modest, pleasant in argument, noble and wise in decision, strong in firmness, valorous in deeds of kindness* affec- tionate to wives and families, and mostly consistent and scrupulous chris- tians. The early times were famous for their grand hunts and whenever these pioneers wished to lay in a stock of choice meat, all they had to do was to shoulder their trusty rifles and spend half a day in the unbroken wilds and return laden with the choicest of venison. The want of mills and other modern innovations were not felt severely then. When meal was wanted, if it were impossible to get to mill, corn could be beaten in a mortar, or the good old-fashioned lye hominy, made in a short time by the frugal house wife. Some of the pioneers of this township were: George Cathay who settled here in 1827. He came from North Carolina, and for years made his home in this section. Joseph DeFord came from Ken- tucky in 1829. John McFatrick, came in 1830 from Kentucky. All HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1081 three have long ago past to their final rest David Holmes came in 1833, from South Carolina, and remained in the township a number of years, but with the breaking out of the California fever he, like many others thought he could better his condition by removing from Missouri to the golden shores of the Pacific, and is now in Oregon. John Brow came in in 1833 from the same State, as did also George Marshall in the same year, and from the same State. They are now dead. Jolly Parish moved to this township in 1833, from Kentucky. Also in the same year came Benjamin Randall, from the same State, and in 1835, Pemberton Casin, and in 1839, Elias Hale. All of these were from Kentucky, and are now dead. In 1835, Jacob Yankee came to this township from the " Blue Grass State," and still resides in this township. Col. John E. Crawford came to this township in 1838, and still resides on section four, township forty-four, range twenty-one. He is eighty years old, and is probably the oldest person living in the township. He came with his family when there were only seven or eight houses in the township, and those were on the south side of the creek, and were all made of logs with sticks and clay chimneys. Mathias Ray came into the county and settled in this township in the year of 1S40, from Kentucky. He still resides in this township, a respected citizen. Abram McCormick came in 1833 from Kentucky. James McCormick came from Kentucky in 1833. William R. Anderson came to the township in 1833, from Virginia. Thomas Gibbs came in 1830 from Kentucky. Joseph Deusman came in 1833 from Kentucky. William Mosbey settled in this township in 1833. He came from Kentucky. Michael Goodnight came in 1835, and George May came in 1836, both from Kentucky, and all the last named are now dead. Flat Creek Township was sectionized in 1832, the Government Sur- veyor being Mr. Shields. The first school was taught by R. A. McFar- land, on his own farm. The first marriage in the township was Henry Small to Nancy Mosby in the year 1836, and the first death was that of Samuel Marshall in the year 1836. The first administrator's sale was in the year 1836. The first minister was Rev. Millice, who held services at Abram McCormick's and W. R. Anderson's houses. The first church was erected at what is called Brown's Springs, and the first Sunday School was held on Col. J. E. Crawford's farm. Judge Yankee was the super- intendent. The first school house erected in the township was on Col. Crawford's farm; this was after school districts were organized. This was a rude structure built of logs, and had the uncovered ground for a floor. After a while another was erected and for years these were the only two school houses in the township and were also used for church worship. The first physician to locate in the township was Dr. Brown. The first post-office was called Spring Fork, and J. E. Crawford was 1082 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. postmaster. In 1847 the township recorded its first suicide. In that year a man named Calvin Hall hung himself, and since that date there has been no other in the township. Enterprises and Industries. — The leading and most profitable busi- ness of the township is agriculture and stock raising. The deep limestone soils are practicably inexhaustible. Wheat has nearly always done well here; there being but two failures of crop recorded. Even in dry seasons, by stirring the ground, a sufficient amount of moisture is produced to raise crops. Timothy and clover yield well. The average yield of wheat is ■eighteen to twenty-five bushels per acre, and corn from forty-five to seventy. Hemp, and large fields of flax are raised, and timothy hay averages three tons per acre, in a fair year. There are fine blue grass pastures in the township and many of them are those that have grown up without an effort on the part of owners. On these, horses, cattle and sheep can be pastured at all seasons of the year without injury to the grasses. Vine- yards do well wherever cultivated and proper care is taken of them. There are some fine orchards in the township, but the worst enemy they have to contend with is the insects which, in one or two instances have injured old Orchards, but each year a surplus is produced. Some farmers are paying attention to small fruit, with marked Success. Water in wells is obtained by going down from twenty to sixty-five feet, and when reached is of the best quality. There are numerous large farms in the township and many fine herds of cattle and sheep are owned by the sub- stantial husbandmen. Among the leading herds of cattle in the township, is that of John E. Ferguson and fath'-r. Since the narrow gauge railroad came through it has opened up to the farmers conveniences in shipping by placing them in close connection with Sedalia' and other points south and east. In the amount and value of its productions, Flat Creek ranks equal to any in the county, and the area of tillable land is all fenced into farms ranging from $25.00 to $50.00 per acre. Churches. — There are in the township two churches, the M. E. South, and the Bethlehqm Baptist, both good congregations. The M. E. Church, South, is situated seven miles south of Sedalia, and was organized in 1840, the class leaders being George Marshall and wife, Mrs. D. Anderson and others. They now occupy a commodious frame building erected at a cost of $1,000, in 1878, by James C. Hatton, W. P. Anderson, I. Elliott and W. H. Anderson, and it was dedicated in 1878 by Rev. C. C. Woods. The building is a frame, thirty-six feet long and twenty-four feet wide. The original members of the class were Geo. Marshall and wife, W. R. Anderson and wife, Jacob Yankee, W. H. and W. P. Anderson and families, and Absalom Elliott and family. The pres- ent membership of the church is sixty. The pastors who have occupied HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1083 the pulpit up to the present time are Revs. Josiah Godby, Robert A. Allen, A. C. Briggs, John N. Anthony, Preston Philips, presiding elder. The church has connected with it a nourishing Sunday School, with an average attendance of thirty, of which W. H. Anderson is Superintendent, and James C. Hatton is Secretary. The church owns two acres of land on which it stands, and part of this land is used for cemetery purposes. Bethlehem Baptist Church is situated on section four, township forty- four, range twenty-one, or in the northern part of the township. It was organized June 7, 1851, by Elder G. W. Sands and Deacon J. E. Craw- ford. The first house of worship was erected in 1860, at a cost of $1,000, by Henry Ebiling, and was dedicated on the 27th of May, the same year, by Elder C. J. Teas, who preached from the second chapter of Ephesians 21st and 22d verses. The second house was erected in 1870 by Mr. Smith, and cost when completed $1,800. It was dedicated the fourth Sunday in November, 1870, by Elder R. H. Harris, whose dedicatory sermon was from the text: "In the name of God we set up our banner." Both were frame buildings and both comfortably furnished. The size is 30x48 feet, and 14 foot ceiling. The original congregation consisted of Thomas Richardson, Rhoda Richardson, M. Chaney, Margaret J. Chaney, Lucy Johnson, Jno. E. Crawford, Sarilda J. Crawford, Chris. C. Crawford, Nancy Harvey, Elizabeth Warren, Lydia Warren, Mary Warren, and Aunty Molly, a sister of color. The pastors who have filled the pulpits are Revs. G. W. Sands, B.F. Goodwin, W. P. C. Caldwell, B. F. Thomas, E. H. Burchfield, J. Goft, R. H. Harris, Jno. Letts, Wm. H. Rodgers, William V. Parsons, J. K. Godby. There are at present about 100 con- nected with the church, but in all about 300 names appear on the church books. Of these, many have been removed by death, and sleep the last quiet sleep in the church yard of their loved worshiping place. Many more have gone to other parts of the country, scattering the seeds of kind- ness that were here first implanted in their souls, while yet a few others have listened to the voice of the tempter and glided back into the rough and tempestuous sea of life, and away from those who had been to them like the good shepherd, watching and tending with care lest their feet should strike the stones and rough places, and they should be turned away from the way that leads to life eternal. At present there is no Sunday School connected with the church, though during the summer and fall months there is generally a good one. There have been some good revi- vals of the work of religion since the church was organized. One closed on the 8th of November, 1874, conducted by Revs. B. T. Thomas, Bap- tist, and Joseph Godby, Methodist. After continuing seventeen days, it resulted in the conversion of over sixty persons. Another in 1879 was conducted by Rev. Wm. V. Parsons, and lasted sixteen days, and resulted in forty-six conversions and thirty-five additions to the church. 1084 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. The house erected in 1860 was destroyed by fire on Aug. 1, 1870. The fire was incendiary in its origin. The second now stands in good repair on the same spot occupied by the first one. Schools. — There are at present five schools in the township. There is, however, talk of establishing another private school at the little station of Gailey, on the narrow gauge road. At this writing only two of the schools are in session. The school houses are mostly substantial frame buildings, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees. But two of them have summer terms. Wages range from $30 to $35. Incidents and Reminiscences. — The most severe wind storm that has passed over this section was in the summer of 1880, and came from the west. It leveled all fences running north and south, and many trees were blown down and some few houses destroyed. Prairie fires were common in early days, and every fall they would not only destroy the rank vegetation of the prairie, but frequently the meager products of the farms. Many times lightning has struck in the neighborhoods of the township, once setting a school house on fire, and again striking Bethlehem Church and knocking a hole through the roof, but not otherwise materially injur- ing it. Shortly after the war Aikins Mackey was murdered by parties unknown . This was in the times when excitement ran very high. An amusing incident is related of an Indian scare in the early days, through not only this particular township but also clear down to Boonville. It is this: Three men were out hunting in what is now Bates County, while yet the Indians were pretty thick through these parts. One in the party pretended to be very brave, and the other two made up their minds to give him a scare and a lesson at the same time. They started out in the morning ostensibly for a hunt, but going only a short distance, turned round and dashed into camp with a war whoop that frightened their com- panion so badly that he started on a bee line for the thickly settled por- tions, raising the alarm of Indians, wherever he passed. It is said he did not stop running until he reached Boonville. They of course followed after and quieted the alarm, but never after that was he heard to brag of his great courage. The British Officer. — An interesting bit of history may be found in the following: "In the year 1818, Joseph Stephens, who died in 1836, Major Stephen Cole and William Ross, started west on a hunting and exploring tour, and traveled as far as the psesent site of Knobnoster Johnson County. At that time all the country west of the present boun- dary line of Cooper County was a wilderness, but few persons living in it. About six miles southeast of the present site of Sedalia, in Pettis County, on the farm then owned by a man named Warner, near Flat Creek, they discovered what appeared to be a large, high and peculiarly HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP." 1085 shaped Indian Mound. They examined it closely and found on one side that the wolves had scratched an opening into it. After enlarging it so as to admit them, they beheld a remarkable sight. They found themselves in a room about eight feet square, with a ceiling of logs, just high enough to permit a tall man to stand erect. On the side opposite where they had entered, sat an officer, dressed in full military uniform, with gold epaulettes upon his shoulders, gold lace fringing every seam of his coat, cocked mili- tary hat, knee breeches, lace stockings, and morocco slippers. As he sat erect, upon a seat hewn out of a log, nothing but the ghastly hue and leathery appearance of his skin would have suggested that he was not alive By his side stood a heavy gold-headed cane. His features were complete, and his flesh free from decay, though dried to the consistency of leather. The place in which the body was found was very peculiar. A place about eight feet square and two feet deep had been dug in the earth. The sides had been walled up with sod until it was high enough for the purpose, reaching several feet above the surface of the ground. The top was then covered with poles, which ran up to a point in the center, like the roof of a house. Then the poles and surrounding walls were covered with sod two or three feet deep, cut from the prairie near by, thus excluding entirely the rain and air. When they left the place William Ross, being the old- est man of the party, took the cane, as a memento, but nothing else was touched. "Who this officer was, from whence he came, what he was doing in this part of the country, what was the cause of his death and by whom he was thus singularly entombed, has not, and perhaps never will be known. But he was supposed by many to be a British officer, who, during the war of 1812 passed round by the way of Canada, into the Indian country, to incite the Indians against the whites. Yet this is only conjecture, though those who discovered his body account for it in that way. "Soon after this, Joseph Stephens, Sr., now living near Petersburg, on the O. V. & S. K. Railroad, in company with James D. Campbell, went into that part of the country bee-hunting, and visited the burial place of this officer. They found that part of the roof had fallen in, and that the wolves had eaten all the flesh off the body, so that nothing but the skele- ton and clothes remained. Joseph Stephens took the epaulettes, as a memento, but nothing else was disturbed. As his mother objected to his keeping the epaulettes, he melted them into a large ball, which was worth fifteen or twenty dollars, as it was solid gold. This description of the burial place was obtained from the last mentioned, Joseph Stephens, and is cor- rect, although several different accounts have been published." 56 1086 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. J. P. CARLIN. Was born in Washington County, Ohio, in the year 1844. His parents were natives of Westmoreland County, Penn. When the civil war broke out he offered himself as a soldier and was accepted and mustered into the 78th Ohio Vol. Infantry, which regiment was consolidated with the 125th Regiment of Ohio Vol. Infantry, Col. Updyke commanding. He was engaged in active service during his soldier life, going first to Louisville, thence to Ft. Donelson, Nashville, Franklin, (at which place they had three or four very hard battles) Spring Hill, Pelham, Hillsboro, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, (from which battles he carried several holes in his clothing, as well as having his knapsack shot off his back) and at Mission Ridge, where he received a severe gun-shot wound in the thigh joint, completely disabling him, so that, after his recovering sufficiently, he was mustered out and allowed to go home on the account of his disability. He was an exemplary soldier and a brave man, commanding the highest respect and esteem of all his superior officers. He was married Oct. 7, 1866, to Elizabeth Pumphrey of Licking County, Ohio, and emigrated to the State of Missouri, in the year of 1868, and located twelve miles south- west of Sedalia, in Flat Creek Township, on a beautiful rolling prairie iarm of 150 acres, all of which is under fence. He has a beautiful meadow and pasture, consisting of forty acres. He cultivates about 100 acres every year. He has a fine herd of forty cattle, led by ten or twelve Short Horns of superior breeding. He breeds pure Berkshires, has a good line of horses, led by a superb Norman stallion, seventeen hands high, a dapple gray, and weighs 1,700 pounds. Many of his colts have taken the first premium at our county fairs. Also has a fine " Maltese Jack," four .years old. He is a lover of fine stock, and one of the best far- mers in the count}'. Mr. C. has four children living, and one dead : A. W., born Aug. 19, 1867; Leora M., October, 1869; Delia Pearl, April 18, 1873, and Cherry Sherman Elsworth, born Dec. 4, 1878. He lost his wife June 3, 1879. She died of consumption. He married Feb. 15, 1881, Ella C. Ham, daughter of Judge H. H. Ham, Sr., of Benton County, Mo., born April 15, 1860, she having five brothers and three sisters living. Mr. and Mrs. Carlin are known far and wide for their generosity and hospi- tality, ever extending acts of kindness to those standing most in need. WILLIAM O. CRAWFORD. Born in Cooper County in the year 1832. Removed to Pettis County about the year 1840. Is a son of Col. J. E. Crawford. Was married in the year 1855 to Miss E. J. Harvey, whose father was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and was educated in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father married in 1835, Nancy Allison, of Cooper County, Mo. There are three brothers and HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 108 T three sisters of her father's family living. Mr. Crawford has five chil- dren—two sons and three daughters: Nannie J., born April 8, 1858; Rosa A., Dec. 11, 1862; James E., Jan. 23, 1866; Judge C, Sept. 27, 1868, and William J., Dec. 1, 1873. He grows thirty-five bushels of corn, twelve bushels of wheat and forty bushels of oats to the acre, and is a man of irrepressible public spirit and unimpeachable honor, and for generosity and hospitality has no superior in the county. COL. JOHN E. CRAWFORD. Was born Sept. 24, 1802, in Cumberland County, Ky. His parents, John Crawford and Martha Crawford, formerly Martha Robinson, emi- grated from Cumberland County, Penn., to Kentucky in 1790. Mr. Crawford's father died when he was eleven years of age. He had two brothers and seven sisters. In March, 1827, he 'rode on horseback to Missouri, and in 1828 went to the lead mines at Galena and in Wisconsin, returning to St. Louis in the summer of 1829 in a flat-boat. He has been twice married, first to Miss Elvira McFarland, of ? Cooper County, Mo., by whom he has two children: Christopher C. and William O. His wife died in Henry County, Mo., Sept. 8, 1834. His second marriage was to Miss Darilda J. Donnohue, belonging to a family of the first settlers in St. Genevieve County, Mo. By this union they have six children living. Mr. Crawford settled within three miles of Georgetown when Pin Hook was the county seat, before Georgetown was made the county seat. On March 15, 1840, he removed to Spring Fork, six miles south of Sedalia. Politically, he was a Whig till 1861, then a Republican. He served in the Missouri State Legislature of 1842-3, when Sterling Price was speaker and Claiborne F. Jackson was also a member. He voted for Thomas H. Benton for United States Senator, and took a lively interest in many of the exciting campaigns of those days. In 1830 he was Adjutant of a reg- iment and commissioned Colonel of the Forty-fourth Regiment, Fifth Division Missouri Militia, May 28, 1839. He served as Captain of a vol- unteer company in an expedition against the Mormons at Far West. Of this company Jeremiah Odell was' First Lieutenant, Geo. Douglass, Sec- ond Lieutenant, and Wm. Gentry, Orderly Sergeant. George R. Smith, Wm. K. Ramey, Samuel A. Powell and Chas. Cravens were among the members of the company. They were held as minute men' until the sur- render of Joe Smith, the Mormon leader. He was raised by Scotch Pres- byserian parents, but became a member of the Missionary Baptist Church subsequent to 1840, and since then has been instrumental in building sev-. eral churches. For many years he has been Deacon of the Bethlehem Church, which is near his residence in Flat Creek Township. This worthy pioneer, exemplary Christian and faithful citizen 'Still lives to enjoy 1088 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. the fruits of his labors and see his children occupy positions of honor and usefulness. JONAS F. COOPER. A clear-sighted, influential Virginian, born in Loudoun County, July 10, 1825; son of John and Magdalena Cooper, who were natives of Virginia; his mother was born in 1798 and his father in 1799. His father died Oct. 28, 1874, and his mother Dec. 26, 1858. Mr. Cooper was married in the year 1851 to Margaret A. Perry, of Morgan County, Va., whose parents were also natives of that old State. He has six children living: Mary A., born Nov. 26, 1852; Eliza V.,' born Oct. 18, 1855; Marcellus, born May 27, 1862; John W., born April 17, 1865; Charles M., born Jan. 20, 18 — , and James O., born Oct. 28, 1874. He emigrated to Pettis County, Mo., in 1861, locating -on a farm ten miles south of Sedalia, consisting of 85f acres, 6f acres of which are timber; 79 acres under fence and in cul- tivation, and fifteen acres of beautiful pasture. His farm is fenced with good hedge and rail fences, has a fine orchard of choice apple, peach, pear and cherry trees, with fine blackberries, quinces, grafted raspberries, strawberries, etc. Does mixed farming on a successful basis. Keeps a good line of cattle, hogs, horses and sheep. Mr. Cooper is an open- hearted, generous and liberal-minded man, of sound judgment, quick per- ception and genial temperament, a driving, go-ahead, enterprising farmer, and commands the highest respect and esteem of all who know him. W. M. DEVOLL. The subject of this sketch was born in Noble County, Ohio, in the year 1840. He was married April 7, 1867, in Athens County, Ohio, to Eve- line M. Mingus. He has one child living, Henry B., born Oct. 29, 1877; two died of small pox. He served as a soldier in the late war. Enlisted in June 1863 in First Ohio Heavy Artillery, and assigned to Company I, Captain Lewis commanding. Was in several heavy engagements. Was detailed into the mustering department as clerk on the muster rolls. Emi- grated to Pettis County, Mo., in 1877, has a fine farm of eighty acres, all under fence and in good cultivation, high rolling prairie and well watered. He has built a magnificent residence with all the modern improvements and fixtures necessary to happiness and comfort. Is an educated man, of good business sagacity, clear, quick perception, ripe judgment and most genial temperament. A few days before the robbery of the train at Otter- ville, Mo., he was called upon to extend his hospitality to Cole Younger, Clel Miller, Charley Pitts and Hobbs Casey, although he was not aware of the fact that it was they, and was called, as a witness, to Boonville, on the trial of Casey. Has. served as Justice of the Peace for seventeen years, been" Township Clerk and Treasurer, which offices he has filled HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1089 with great credit. He is a man of irrepressible public spirit and unim- peachable honor, and among the leading and inspiring workers for rhe ad- vancement of the interests of his community. GEORGE DUMP. The subject of this sketch came from Hocking County, Ohio, where he was born in the year 1842. His father died at the age of forty-seven years. His mother still lives in the old State, and is seventy-nine years old. He came to Pettis County in 1873, and located twelve miles south of Sedalia, on Spring Fork, has five brothers and one sister living. He was married to Mary A. Crawford in 1875, whose parents are natives of Ohio, but reside now in Pettis County, Mo. Has two children, one son and one daughter: Minnie, born Dec. 16, 1876, and Boyd, born Oct. 1, 1880. He owns a fine farm of one hundred and nine acres, rolling prairie and bottom land. All under fence and in good cultivation. Sells on an average, one thousand bushels of corn, fattens from twenty io thirty head of hogs, feeds from thirty to forty head of cattle, besides having quite a number of horses on hand. Can raise forty bushel of oats to the acre ; has raised as high as sixty bushels. Mr. D. is one of those ^thrifty, money- making Buckeyes; a gentleman of culture, boundless public spirit and a social nature that has always and everywhere made him " a prince among men," and is doing all he can toward the advancement of all the interests of his community. PETER DUMP. An earnest, successful farmer and stock dealer, who also comes from Hocking County, Ohio, where he was born in 1839. Was married in 1865 to Sarah J. Immell, who also is a native of Ohio. Mr. D. came to Pettis County in 1871, and has a superb farm of three hundred and seventy- two acres, three hundred and thirty acres of which is in fine cultivation, and forty acres of fine timber. His farm is all under fence, handsomely improved, with good buildings, orchards and vineyards. Has a magnifi- cent barn, which was built at a cost of $1,000. His fences consist of rail, hedge and wire. He yearly feeds about one hundred head of cattle, from fifty to seventy-five head of hogs, fifteen to twenty head ' of horses and mules, is continually buying, selling and shipping stock, handling about $8,000 worth every year. Has a fine young orchard of sixty apple, one hundred peach and one hundred cherry trees. Has a fine well, which is calculated to furnish an ample supply of water for all the stock he keeps and for domestic purposes, besides five living springs, and an abundant supply from Spring Fork stream, which passes through his farm. Mr. D. is a careful cultivator, an ambitious, honorable stock dealer, and is rendering invaluable service to the live stock industry 1090 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. in his community; is well known as a gentleman of liberal views, decided public' spirit, and a man of superior business qualities. ALVlN FARRIS. Born in Clinton County, Ky., March 17, 1846. His parents were natives of Kentucky. His father served as a soldier in the Mexican war, during which time he died, in the twenty-second year of his age. His mother still lives, and is fifty-four years old. He came to Missouri in the year 1856, and settled in Cedar County. He was married Aug. 30, 1866, to Miss Mary Condon, who is a native of Randolph County, Mo. Her parents are both dead. They have three sons: James W., born July 14, 1867; John W., born Aug. 22 1871, and Peter B., born Jan. 17, 1878. He owns a fine farm of ninety-two acres, ten miles south of Sedalia, eighty acres in cultivation and ten acres of good timber. It is well improved, with good fences of hedge and rails, and most excellently watered by a stream that never dries, as well as a living spring of the purest water. He car- ries on mixed farming on a successful basis, has a fine herd of fifteen head of cattle, six head of horses and a nice flock of sheep. He raises from twenty to fifty acres of corn every year. He is a live, energetic, progres- sive man, a good farmer, a gentleman of great public spirit, and one of the foremost men of his community. He is connected with the Baptist Church, being an exemplary member and a devoted christian. JOHN E. FERGUSON. The eldest son of J. J. Ferguson, of Flat Creek Township, Pettis County, Mo. He is one of the finest young business men of the county » being highly educated, and a young man of sterling qualities. Although raised on a farm, yet he improved all the opportunities presented to store his mind with those things which would prove beneficial to him in life, and now stands among the leading educators of the community. He has taught several terms, and has received the highest commendations of all his patrons. He is also a practical farmer of most creditable standing in the community. He is a successful stock dealer, his judgment being of such excellence as to command the attention of noted stock men, who, in many instances have secured his services to purchase stock for thefn, relying wholly on his judgment in this matter. He is at present handling quite a large number of cattle, as well as keeping on hand a good line of other stock. In short, Mr. F. is a young man of large intelligence, ready tact, good experience, and of unusual energy and public spirit. * JESSE J. HALE. Was born in Mercer County, Ky., May 1, 1827. He is the son of Elias and Cynthia Hale, who were natives of Kentucky, born in the years HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1091 1799 and 1802. They emigrated to Missouri in 1837, stopping first in Monroe and Randolph Counties, where they remained for two years, and then located in Pettis County in 1839. In February, 1852, he married Ellen May, daughter of Rev. William May, of Mercer County, Ky. By this union there were two children: Mary E., born Nov., 1852, and William J., born in May, 1855. His wife died Jan. 6th, 1856, at the age of twenty-five years. He married his second wife in March, 1857. She was a daughter of his uncle, Jesse Hale, of Mercer County, Ky. She only lived seven months. She is buried in Pettis County. He is now mar- ried to his third wife, Ellen Black, daughter of Daniel and Polly Black, who reside in Mercer County, Ky. B}r this marriage they have eleven children living, seven daughters and four sons: Marion C, born March 22, 1861 ; Ellen, born Sept. 6,1864; Arabella, born Feb. 15, ,1866; Syl- vania, born Oct. 3, 1867 ; Almilda, born March 23, 1869; Amanda, born April 28, 1871; Viola, born Sept. 14, 1873; John T., born Oct. 3, 1875; Henry Clay, born Oct. 17, 1877; Edward, born Oct. 17, 1879, and an infant, born March 22, 1882. Mr. H. owns 100 acres of finfe land, eighty acres under fence and in good cultivation, and twenty acres of good tim- ber. He devotes his time to mixed farming, on a successful basis. He is one of the representative farmers of the community as well as a clear- sighted gentleman of prime standing. D. D. HAMMOND. Born in the State of Ohio in the year 1850. His father died in Ohio at the age of forty-five. His mother is still living in the State of Texas. There are five brothers and one sister, all of whom are in Missouri except two, one in Ohio and one in Texas. He located in Pettis County, in 1871. He was married in 1879, to Dora Elliott, whose parents are both dead. Of her father's family there were five brothers and two sisters. He owns a fine eighty acre farm, all under fence and in a good state of cultivation. He has worked hard, and put all the improvements on the place himself. He has a fine residence and is getting everything about him in good shape. He grows about forty bushels of corn to the acre and keeps a good sup- ply of cattle, hogs and horses. Is a young man of high standing, a thorough farmer and one held in high esteem by all who know him. james h. Mccormick. Was born in Cooper County, Mo., in the year 1 825. His parents emi- grated to the State of Missouri in 1819. His father was a native of Kentucky and his mother of North Carolina. His father assisted in building the first house in the city of Boonville, Mo. His parents are both dead. His mother died in the year 1860 and his father in 1861. He came to Peitis County in 1831, and was married in 1850 to Armilda J. 1092 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. Bohon, who was born in the State of Kentucky in the year 1829. Six children, have been born to them, four sons and.two daughters, two of whom are dead. William E. was born July 27, 1854; Martha A., born Feb. 13, 1851; Nettie, born May 5, 1852; Walter V., born Feb. 2, 1858; George H., born Sept. 22, 1860, and James E.,born in Aug., 1863. He owns 383 acres of fine land, 100 acres of which is timber. 283 acres are under fence and in good cultivation and fine pasture. He entered 120 acres, eighty acres at $1.25, and forty acres at 12^ cents per acre. His farm is admirably watered, and grows about thirty bushels of corn, twelve bushels of wheat and forty bushels of oats to the acre. He feeds about 100 head of cattle, and has a good line of horses and other stock. He is a popular man, and one of the representative farmers of the county. J. S. McFADDEN. Born in the State of Ohio, in the year 1845. Emigrated to Pettis County in the year 1869. His father is quite aged, being seventy years old. His mother was sixty-four years old when she died. He was mar- ried in 1873, to Eliza Funk, who was born in Boone County, Mo. Her parents were natives of Virginia. She has three brothers and five sisters. Mr. McFadden has a beautiful 160-acre farm, well improved, and all under fence by beautiful hedges, and in a fine state of cultivation, everything about him going to prove that he is a wide-awake farmer, and a progress- ive man of the community. Is superintendent of the poor of Pettis County, and from observation it would be said that the county had the right man for the position, everything being in first-class order and in good shape. He has been in charge since March 1, 1882, and the county officers are extremely well pleased with his management. He is a thrifty, money-making farmer, and takes a liberal interest in the advancement of the county. He has two children: James A., born May 11, 1877, and William . W., born July 6, 1881. DIETRICH MAHNKEN. Was born in the Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, in the year 1844. Emigrated to America in 1853 with his grandparents, and settled in Ben- ton County, Mo. In 1867 he was married to Catharine Yeagels, whose parents live in Benton County. Of this union there are three children, two sons and one daughter. Annie, born Sept. 26, 1868 ; John H., Sept. 17, 1874, and Henry, born Sept. 8, 1877. He removed to Pettis County, and has a fine 160-acre farm, all under fence, 130 acres in cultivation, and thirty acres in pasture. He grows about forty bushels of corn and oats to the acre, and has a good supply of stock on hand. Mr. M. enlisted as a soldier in the three months' service, in the year 1861, after which he joined the Twelfth Missouri Infantry, Colonel Waugling commanding; HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1093 was assigned to Company C, commanded by Captain Meyer. Left Rolla, Mo., in the year 1862, for Springfield; followed Price to Bentonville, Ark., thence to Pea Ridge. On the sixth of March, 1862, he was in the engagement at Sugar Creek, then the battle at Pea Ridge, Helena, Ark., St. Genevieve, Ft. Pemberton, Yazoo Pass, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Milliken's Bend, Grand Gulf, Jackson, Champion Hill, Vicksburg, Memphis, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Altoona, Big Shanty, Kennesaw Mountain, Rossville, Decatur, Izzard's Church, at which battle he was wounded. He was taken to the hospital at Marietta, Georgia. After his recovery he joined his regiment at Chattanooga, and was mustered out of the service at St. Louis in Dec, 1864, having served his country'faithfully for three years. JOLLY S. PARRISH. Post-office, Sedalia. One of the oldest settlers of Flat Creek Town- ship is the subject of this sketch, Jolly S. Parish. His father bore the same name as that of the son. The father was a native of Virginia, but at an early day moved to Kentucky. The grandfather was a Captain in the Revolutionary War. Jolly S. Parish was born in Mercer County, Ky., Sept. 8, 1821, and is the sixth child in a family of eight children. His advantages for an education were somewhat limited. In the fall of 1833 there was a school house built in section thirty-four, township forty-five, and range twenty-one. This was the first school house built in southern Pettis County, and the first term of school was taught by Reuben McFar- land. At this term of school young Parrish received about all the school instruction he ever gained. The next term of school was a short term, for before it closed the house was burned, and with the house went for- ever Mr. Parrish's advantages for school education. However, being deprived as he was of school advantages, he, not discouraged, sought to store his mind with practical knowledge, and became a student of men as well as of books. In life Mr. Parrish has displayed that wise and judicial judgment which only a practical knowledge of men and affairs can give. In the fall of 1832 Mr. P.'s father moved his family from Kentucky to Missouri, settling ac Boonville. Here they remained until the next spring, when the father moved them to Pettis County, locating in the southern part of the county, where he lived until his death, which occurred Oct. 8, 1852. Since then the son has lived in the same neighborhood. Mr. Parrish was married Jan. 6, 1853, to MissSallie C. McCormick, a daughter, of Judge McCormick, a native of Kentucky. From this marriage there is only one child, Leander S., who is married and living with his father. Since Mr. Parrish has been doing business for himself he has been engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising. He owns a fine farm, where he resides, of 200 acres, well improved, with dwelling, barn and other out-buildings. He also 1094 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. owns other lands to the amount of 210 acres, all improved. In business affairs Mr. Parrish is honorable and upright, and as a citizen, he is held in the highest esteem by his friends and neighbors. W. H. RODGERS. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington County, Tenn., in the year 1832. Emigrated to Missouri in 1852, having first gone to New Orleans and then back to Evansville, Indiana, where he was taken sick, but came on to Missouri and landed at Boonville, in fall of 1852. After his recovery he went to Osceola, at which place an uncle of his lived,, where he remained until the following March, 1853, when he returned to Cooper County. In the year 1854 h*e returned to Tennessee and brought his mother, brother and sisters, his mother being a widow. She was forty-five years old at the time of coming. She died in the year 1856 and was buried in Cooper County. In his father's family there were seven children, all of whom are dead, except one son and two daughters. One daughter resides in the State of California, and the other in Pettis County. Mr. R. married, in the year 1855, Adaline Stephens, of Cooper County. Her father was a native of South Carolina and her mother of Virginia. There were nine children in the family, eight of whom are still living. Mrs. Rodgers was born in 1835, and was twenty years old at the time of her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Rodgers have had eleven children born to them, five of whom are still living, three sons and two daughters.. their eldest son is a mute, and is at this time attending school in Fulton, Callaway County, and will finish his education this year. Thomas O. was born Dec. 22, 1857; Louiza F., July 18, 1864; James A., Feb. 8, 1866; William W., April 17, 1868, and Laura A., Feb. 18, 1870. Mr. Rodgers and family settled in Pettis County in the year 1859. He entered one hundred and twenty acres of land in Flat Creek Township, at seventy-five cents per acre. He owns at the present time three hundred and six acres, two hundred and sixty of which are under fence, one hundred and sixty acres in cultivation, one hundred and ten acres in pasture, and thirty-five acres in timber. He grows about forty bushels corn and oats, and ten to fifteen bushels wheat to the acre. Keeps a good line of horses, but is paying considerable attention to sheep and cattle raising, having about eighty head of sheep and twenty-five head of cattle on hand. His fencing is good and his farm is well watered. He has a magnificent orchard, which yields an abundance of standard fruit. Mr. R. has been connected with the Baptist denomination for quite a number of years, and is now pastor of four congregations. He was licensed as an exhorter in the year 1868 by the Flat Creek Church, and regularly ordained as a minister by order of the same church in the year 1870,' and has worked arduously as a minister of the gospel ever since that time. He has solemnized sixty- HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1095 eight marriages during his ministerial work. Although a farmer, and having a great deal of hard labor to perform, yet he is ever found at his post in the work of the Master. He is an ambitious and an honorable man, much esteemed by all who know him. MATTHIAS REED. Was born July 4, 1829, one mile and a quarter northeast of where Georgetown, Pettis County, now stands, on what is now known as the widow Wright farm. This place was at that time in Saline County, Pettis County not having been struck off. His parents came to Missouri about the year 1811. They settled in what is now Cooper County, and about the year 1814 removed to the above named -place. His father died at the age of ninety and his mother sixty-five. They were buried near Green Ridge, Pettis County. Mr. R. was married Nov. 4, 1852, to Mary C. Yankee, daughter of judge Jacob Yankee. She was born in the year 1834. By this marriage there are four children, three girls and one boy; all in Pettis County, except a daughter, who resides in the State of Kansas. In the year 1863 Mr. Reed lost his wife, and in the vear 1864 married again, to Louise C. Phillips. By this marriage they have had six children: S.amuel H., born June 3, 1865; Jane, Feb. 23, 1867; Jacob Truman, Feb. 28, 1869; Christopher H., Feb. 21, 1871 ; Marion E., Jan. 22, 1873; Ed. C, March 9, 1875. Mr. Reed owns a fine one hundred and sixty acre farm in a good state of cultivation, and exceedingly well watered. He has been connected with the Baptist Church since 1854, and is a live, energetic worker in the church, as well" as an honest, upright and influential citizen in the community in which he lives. JESSE REED. One of the representative and among the noteworthy farmers of the county. Was born in Warwickshire, England, in the year 1828. Emi- grated to America in 1855, and located in the city of Philadelphia, where he remained two years, during which time he was married. He then removed to Illinois, in which State he remained two years, thence to Texas, and after a sojourn of eight years he returned to Pettis County, Mo., and now lives on a magnificent farm of two hundred and fifty acres, two hundred and forty of which are under fence, and ten acres of good timber. He cultivates one hundred and sixty acres, and has a fine pasture of eighty acres. Has a fine orchard of peach and apple trees, in which he grows fruit of the finest grade. Has a good line of stock consisting of cattle, horses, mules and hogs. Has improved three farms in the county, and is now living on the fourth. Has taken quite an interest in educa- tion, and has been a school officer for quite a number of years. He has seven children living, five sons and two daughters, one of whom is married. 1096 HISTORY OF FLAT CREEK TOWNSHIP. Jessie, born in the year 1860; Smith W., in 1862; Lewis, in 1864; Thomas, in 1867; Lethe, in 1869; John, in 1872, and Ezra, in 1875. ROBERT WOOLERY. The son of Joseph and Eliza Woolery, and was born in the year 1855, near Smithton, Pettis County. His parents were natives of Cooper County, Mo. His father died in 1877 and his mother in 1875. Mr. Woolery was married June 3, 1880, to Susan Epperson, who was born in Johnson County, Dec. 28, 1860. Her father died during the war, but her mother is still living. In the father's family there were only two children, one son and one daughter. Her brother died at the age of seventeen years. Mr. Woolery has one child, Emmet W., born May 13, 1881. He owns 120 acres of land, all under fence; forty acres of good timber, eighty acres in cultivation, admirably watered by Walnut Creek, and grows forty bushels of corn and fifty bushels of oats to the acre. He is one of the sys- tematic and successful farmers of his community. WILLIS WARREN. Born in Grundy County, Pennsylvania, Oct. 17, 1839. Was married in Tennessee in January, 1865, to Rachel E. Burris, who was born in Ten- nesse Jan 13, 1848. Her parents died when she was quite young. His father died at the age of seventy-three and his mother at the age of sev- enty. There are five brothers and five sisters living of his father's family, three brothers and one sister in the State of Missouri. Mr. Warren has these children: Mary E., born Nov. 19, 1861; Sarah V. A., Oct. 23, 1863; Eliza F., Sept. 15, 1869; Josie E., Oct. 23, 1871; Margaret L., Dec. 8, 1874; Linnie A., Dec. 7, 1877, and Julia B., April 2, 1880. Three of his brothers served as soldiers in the late war, two of whom died, one at Columbia, S. C, from a wound received in the Battle of Richmond, and the other of disease contracted in the army. Mr. Warren came to Pettis County in 1870; has not as yet purchased land, but thinks of doing so soon. He has about twenty head of cattle and a good supply of horses, is connected with the Baptist Church, and is a man highly esteemed by all who know him. JUDGE JACOB YANKEE. The subject of this sketch was born in Boyle County (formerly Mercer County), Ky., Oct. 1, 1812. Emigrated to Pettis County in 1835, and on the 11th day of March, of the same year, was married to Ruth Goodnight, who was born in the same County as Mr. Yankee, on the 28th day of October, 1814. Of his father's family there were twelve children, five sons and seven daughters, four of whom are still living. His parents were quite aged when they died, being eighty-two years old. Mr. HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. 109T Yankee raised a family of twelve children, nine sons and three daughters, eight of whom are still living, six sons and two daughters. Mary C. was born Dec. 23, 1835; John G., March 7, 1837; Benj. F., Nov. 14, 1838; Wm. H., July 31, 1840; Sarah A., April 5, 1842; Frances A., Nov. 12, 1843; Barbara A., Aug. 27, 1845; Jacob A., Nov. 1, 1847; Arminda C.\ July 1, 1850; Michael, June 3, 1853; James W., March 8, 1855, and Thos. M., April 22, 1859. Mr. Yankee entered 700 acres of land in Flat Creek Township,. part at $1.25 and the rest at 12^ cents per acre, which he improved. He has now divided this magnificent estate among his chil- dren, giving the old homestead to his son, Jacob A., with whom he makes his home, his wife being dead, having died Nov. 6, 1880, at the age of sixty-six years. Mr. Yankee cast his first vote for Henry Clay, when a candidate for the presidency against Andrew Jackson, and as long as the Whig party was known he affiliated with it. He also belonged to what was known as the Know-Nothing party, and is, at the present time, one of the staunch Republicans of the county. He served as a Grand Juror on the first Grand Jury that was called in the county, Judge Ryland, the father of our present judge, officiating. They met at what was known as "Pin Hook Mills." Amos Fristoe was the clerk, and carried his documents in a basket. Mr. Yankee served as Justice of the Peace for sixteen years, and was elected Judge of the County Court together with Maj. William Gentry and Hampton P. Gray. These two gentlemen were superseded by J. W. Beaman and Andrew Wright. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1869, and also of the adjourned session of 1870. He was also appointed Superintendent of the Poor of Pettis County. He is a consistent member of the M. E. Church, a gentleman of generous cul- ture, fine executive gifts, large heart, boundless public spirit, and a social nature that has always and everywhere made him a "prince among men," and from first to last he has been an inspiring worker for the advance- ment of the county. He has now retired to private life, but from his household is wont to disperse a gracious and refined hospitality. CHAPTER XXVI.— LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. Introductory— Name— Location— Physical Features— Pioneer Settlers— Creeks— Soils- Drainage — Agriculture — Stock Raising— Roads— Churches— Cemeteries— Schools — Incidents— Biographical. " Adieu, the city's ceaseless hum, The haunts of sensual life, adieu, Green fields and silent glens ! We come To spend this bright spring day with you." Introduction.— What is said of Lake Creek Township in a prospec- tive view may be said of numerous others in the county. The history as 1098 HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. a township embraces a very limited series of facts in their proper connec- tion, but each of which, indeed, each individual person of the particular portion written of is interested. The American of the present day wants to know how his ancestors lived, what clothes they wore, how they looked, on what they fed, what were their daily tasks and conversations, and how life dealt with them. This is the most difficult history to reproduce accurately, but after all it is that which gives us the clearest and most vivid insight into the history of the past. This important element should never be overlooked, for in no other manner can the growth of the population, the amelioration of manners, the changes in habits and customs,, the increase of prosperity or the want of it, and the every-day life of the people be understood and made to subserve the interests of the present. The events that are recorded, are such as occurred at our very doors, were compassed by men whom we knew, and which affect our individual interests for weal or for woe. It is only while these events are fresh in the memory that one may form accurate estimates of their relative impor- tance, and be impartial and candid in forming his judgments; he may also from present circumstances, which have an original in remote times, and which are historical in the largest, fullest and truest sense, freed from conjecture and uncertain tradition, read the promise of the future. Space forbids more than a brief mention of the accomplishments of the agricultural interests of this township, from the period of its occupancy by the red man to the present lime. The early settlers who came to the town- ship found the Indian, who, though not an agriculturist, because he thought it beneath his dignity to cultivate the soil, did it as a matter of necessity to secure a living, though mainly through the labor of women and children. Agriculture in the early times was but little in advance of that of the aboriginal period before them, though its improvements were rapid, and are now up to the high state which one sees in a day's ride over the inland portion of Missouri. The people who settled Lake Creek Township were of that hardy pioneer class such as are found all over the western portion of the country. They were principally from the old Vir- ginia and Kentucky stocks, than whom none better is to be found. Name. — This township derived its name from the creek which flows in a northeasterly direction through the southeastern portion of the town- ship. It is supposed that the creek was named Lake Creek, for the rea- son that it winds a sluggish course through the heavy soil, and forms numerous bayous or small lakes, often densely populated with fish and water fowls. When a flood comes down from its sources it overflows its banks and spreads far out, covering thousands of acres of the bottom lands, and sometimes for days and even weeks at a time presents the appearance of a lake, filled with growing trees and underbrush whose beads rise just above the surface. HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1099 Organization of the township into a civil division of the county was effected under the township organization by order of the Pettis County Court, Nov. 5, 1872. "It occupies the southeastern corner of Pettis County, and it is bounded on the north by Smithton Township, on the east by Morgan County, on the south by Benton County and on the west by Flat Creek Township. It contains thirty-six square miles or 23,040 acres, just a congressional township. The voting place of the township is at the Catholic School House. One of the early justices of the peace in this locality was Esq. Jacob Seagraves, who came to this place in 1819. Levi Devoll, for a number of years since the township organization has been justice of the peace for Lake Creek. Physical Features. — Land in this township is not much unlike other portions of southern Pettis County. In the northeast a high rolling prairie divide begins, and extends through the township to the southwest corner, in width averaging about four miles. This is acknowledged to be the best agricultural portion of the township, though good farms and flattering inducements are offered the honest tiller of the soil in every locality in southeastern Pettis county. The principal stream of water is Lake Creek, . from which the township derives its name. Its sources are in Benton County, and it enters this county and township in section thirty-three, flowing in a north- easterly direction; it leaves the township and county from section one emptying into Flat Creek and thence uniting with Lamine River, in Mor- gan County. A branch of Lake Creek unites with the main stream from the south in section fourteen. Mosbys Branch rises near the center of the township and flowes north and west, at last finding its way into Flat Creek in Smithton Township. The prevailing physical feature is prairie, though somewhat broken along the creeks, where also we find abundant timber for home consump- tion, fire-wood, rail timber and fence posts. The system of drainage is good, no swamps or swamp land which may not be utilized for pasturage or cultivation. Near the center of the township in section twenty-seven may be found a rich deposit of lead, intermingled with silver. By a cer- tificate, after a chemical examination, it is stated that these mines are the richest in the State, being eighty-four per cent lead, and eight and three- fourths ounces silver to the ton of lead. The vein is thirty-three inches in thickness and twenty feet from the surface of the earth. These mines belong to Mr. Henry Brauer, who lives in section twenty-eight and owns the farm. Mr. Brauer first discovered these rich mines about five years ago while digging a well. Early Settlers. — The first settlers were among the most brave and 1100 HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. intrepid characters who early came to this county. George Goetze, who formerly lived in this township, died in the State of Kansas, about one year ago, at the advanced age of 103 years. Sis daughter-in-law and several grandchildren, among whom is George H. Goetze,'whose bio- graphical sketch appears in another place in this work, still reside in this township. A few of the pioneers of the township are: Jacob Seagraves, who came in 1819 from Tennessee, but is now dead. Scott Gilmore came in 1832 from Virginia, and is now dead. Thomas Jack settled in this township in 1827, coming from South Carolina; he emigrated to Oregon several years ago, where he now resides. Wm. A. Miller came . from Germany in 1819, and now rests in peace in one of the burial grounds of the county. Judge Wm. Bceker also from German}^ came to the town- ship in 1845, when the country was still very wild, and he still resides here an honored and respected citizen of the county. Herman Kahrs came from German} 7 in 1840, and lived in the township a number of years, and now resides in Sedalia. John Kahrs also came in the same year from the same place and is now dead. John G. Bruhl, who is mentioned further on in this history, was one of the early settlers, and has long since passed to his final rest and the reward which his long and useful life so richly deserved. John A. Clausan came in 1843 from Germany. Henry Brauer came the same year and from the same place, and still resides in the township. Mar- shall Seagraves was born in the township in 1820, and was perhaps the first white child born in the township. He is now dead. Henry Wey- merth came in 1840, from Germany, and still lives in the township. John Hook came here in 1825, from Virginia, but has, with most of the pioneers, passed away. Herman Mahnken was married to Margaret Ficken, on July 16, 1846, in the M. E. Church. Sebastian Bard was the first minister of the M. E, denomination. Dr. Bradford was the first physi- cian in the township. In 1832, John Hubbard taught the first school on John Kahrs' land. The first church erected was the German M. E., on land bought from Cord Miller. The citizens in this township are principally German, though there are about eight families English-American. The political affiliations are prin- cipally Republican, though both parties have a fair representation. Enterprises and Industries. — As with the other rural townships 'the people here are engaged in farming and stock-raising. Some as fine farms as there are in the county are here located, and the number of head of stock annually driven to shipping points compares very favorably with that of its neighbor townships. Mr. Isaac Anderson is one of the prominent and enterprising farmers of this locality. Thomas W. and W. H. Rhodes are worthy real estate owners, and make farming a thorough success, raising, buying and selling stock. W. HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1101 H. Rhodes has a fine flock of 600 sheep. More particular mention of these men is given in the biographical department of this history. The farms are of medium size, capable of producing all kinds of crops usually grown in this latitude. They are well fenced, and within the past year nearly all the fencing was done with the barbed wire. Their principal mar- ket is Sedalia, though Smithton receives a limited share of trade. Orchards are not extensive, though young trees are now being grown quite extensively. The insects at times make such* havoc with all kinds of fruit trees that some horticulturists have become discouraged in their endeavors to produce orchards. Small fruits, as in all other parts of Mis- souri, have a fine growth, and if proper attention is given to them they produce in abundance. Churches. — German Lutheran, German Catholic and German Meth- odists are the religious organizations of this township. The adherents of the Catholic faith are most numerous. Then, in point of numbers of those who usually attend church, we mention the Lutherans and then the Meth- odists. The cemetery owned and used by the Catholics and Lutherans is located near the two churches. The St. John's Catholic Church is situated in the southeast corner of the township, on the south half of the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section thirty-five, township forty-four, range twenty. It was organized in 1838, by John Gerlach Bruehl, and the building was erected in 1848, by the original ten members, as below enumerated. John G. Burehl settled in the township in 1834, and was one of the early settlers in Pettis County. He came here witri a company of young men from St. Louis in search of minerals, and especially lead, as he came from a min- ing country in Germany. He came under the auspices of an organized company in St. Louis, who made it a business to search for minerals in Missouri. Mr. Bruehl came from Herdorf, Rhine Province, Germany, and made his permanent residence in this township. He was a very popu- lar man, and for years was justice of the peace of the township, where he settled all difficulties of the new settlers. The names of the original mem- bers of the church were : John G. Bruehl, Edward Bruehl, Joseph Schwie- gerath, Karl Dueher, P. N. Reush,I. H. Stein and Henry Imhauser. The present membership is forty two. The pastors' names since 1846 are: Revs. James Murphy, of Boonville ; Joseph Meister, Gerge Juerk, Joseph Blaarer, Francis Buesse, Henry Vander Sanden, (who is at present Chan- cellor of the Arch Diocese of St. Louis,) H. V. Kalmer and Hilner attended this place from Tipton from 1869 to 1877, H. A. Schmidt, (who built the present parsonage,) and Andrew Giete, C. P. P. S., the present incumbent. The church is furnished with all necessary vestments of the 57 1102 HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. Catholic service; has an organ and gallery. The present house of wor- ship is an old one, but will soon be supplemented by a new and graceful edifice. During the war the organ was thrown down from the gallery and other property was destroyed, but it has all been replaced. It has a Sunday School connected, with thirty pupils attending, and also there is a day school taught, with an average attendance of twenty-four. St. Paul Church, Evangelical Lutheran^ of Lake Creek Township, was organized by Otto Kluechner, in 1869. The original members are, Fred. Deterb, F. Mundhink, Christian Eicholz, Fred. Wilkens, D.aniel Gcetze, Mrs. Gcetze, F. Goetze, Louis Schlosserman, Henry Brauer, John Yunker, Chas. Zimmerschild. The pastors that have been in charge are Revs. Otto Kluschner and Oscar Lumpe. The building is now being remodeled. It is a frame structure and will cost when completed, about $1,200. The church has a Sunday School connected, with Fred Deterb, superintendent, and C. Eichalz, secretary. The membership are sup- porting a German school, with Rev. Oscar Lumpe as teacher, which has an average attendance of fifteen. The congregation was orignally organized in Benton County, and about three years ago they moved to Pettis. The services are conducted in German. The present building when com- pleted will be dedicated by Rev. Otto Kluechntr, the organizer of the congregation. Schools were taught here in an early day; the first was taught by John Hubbard on what is now John Kahrs' land. This the first school of which any facts can be obtained was begun in 1832. Now there are five district schools and two private schools. The German Catholic School is taught in a house adjoining the church, and furnishes accommodations for twenty-five or thirty pupils. The German Lutheran School is taught by Oscar Lumpe, and has an attendance of about twelve. The school is situated about three hundred yards east of the Lutheran Church. The school in district number one is taught by Miss Walkup. The school is called Lone Star. The school buildings are frame. A story is related that during the first settlement of this neighborhood, a young German wishing to secure a wife decided to go to the Fatherland and woo among his former associates. The ambitious youth went over to Jacob Seagraves' house to procure necessary papers for the journey, but as he came out of the house with the passes and papers, a maiden washing near the door of the cabin inquired where he was going, and he replied, "that he was about to sail for Germany in search of a wife."' She modestly replied, " that he could succeed near at hand," and arrange- ments were soon completed and this couple were married. ISAAC C. ANDERSON. Was born in Halifax County, Virginia, about 150 miles west of the city HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1103 of Richmond, on the 17th day of August, 1822. He was married at the age Of twenty years, to Mary A. Hodges, she being eighteen. He pur- sued the occupation of farming in the State of Virginia, until the year 1858, when he emigrated to the State of Missouri and settled in Pettis County. Not having the means to purchase, he rented ground for three years, during which time success attended his efforts, and he found him- self able to enter 160 acres of land, forty of which he paid $1.25 per acre, and 120 at 50 cents per acre. About this time the war broke out, and everything in the shape of personal effects was swept away, and the clos- ing o'f the war found him without money or stock. But, being a man of great energy, knowing no such word as "fail," he commenced life again, and by hard work has succeeded in making a fine farm of 200 acres, admirably improved with wells, ponds, hedges, orchards and buildings, He built the first house on the prairie on which he lives, in Lake Creek Township. He has paid considerable attention to the raising of Stock for quite a number of years— mules being a specialty, but is now turning his attention somewhat to Cattle, having about sixty-five head on hand. He grows a fair amount of corn, wheat and oats. His farm is well adapted to agriculture and stock raising. He has raised a family of six children, five sons and one daughter. Five still living, one having died at the age of sixteen years. All of his children were born in his native State except one ; he was born in Pettis County. His daughter and one son are mar- ried ; three boys at home. His son George served two years in the late war, under Gen. Price. Mr. A. is now about sixty years old, and his good wife about fifty-seven, and although somewhat aged, yet are full of life and ambition, and are noted for their hospitality and generosity. He has been one of the leading men in the educational interests of his com- munity, and it was during his administration that a neat and comfortable school building was erected; as a party man he has always been found in the ranks of the Democracy. By their honest and upright walk, the family have procured the esteem and good will of all in the com- munity, and we are proud to present them to our patrons as a family worthy of the respect of all. L. T. DIX. The subject of this sketch was born in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, in August, 1823. He came to Missouri with his parents in the year 1838, and located "in Cooper County. There were eight children in his father's family, all of whom are dead except Mr. D. He was married in the year 1855, to Mary Scott, whose parents were old settlers of Missouri. Her father is dead; her mother is still living. His wife was born Oct. 23, 1833. He has been in Pettis County seven years. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, prairie, and ten acres of timber. The 160 acres are under fence 1104 HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. and in a good state of cultivation. He grows about forty bushels corn, forty-five bushels of oats, twelve bushels of wheat and ten bushels of flax per acre. He has handsomely improved his farm with good fences, a good b#rn and a magnificent cottage dwelling, finished off and furnished in the very best of style . As a farmer he ranks as first class, and is a live, successful business man, highly esteemed by all who know him. GEORGE H. GOETZE. A native of Benton county, Mo,, and one of the strong, public spirited men of the community in which he lives. He was born June 1, 1842. His parents came to this country in 1842. His father died in 1865, but his mother is still living at the advanced age of seventy-six years. Mr. G. was married in the year 1868, to Jane Story, of Morgan County, Mo., at the age of twenty-six years, his wife being eighteen, and in the year 1869 removed to the place on which he now lives. He has a family of six children, viz: John W., born April 20, 1869; George F., born Jan. 24, 1871; Pinkie and Ollie L., born Aug. 6, 1874; Mary C, born July 9, 1877, and Albert F., born June 9, 1881. Mrs. Goetze's father now resides in the State of California, and is seventy-five years of age. Mr. Goetze's grand- father died in the State of Kansas at the ripe old age of 103 years. He is established on his farm, which is in a good state of cultivation and which he has improved from the wild prairie. He has a fine residence, barns and out houses, the work on which he did himself, being a fine mechanic in both woodwork and iron. He also has a large and commodious build- ing in which he carries on the manufacturing of all kinds of wood and iron implements. He has a wide reputation as a mechanic,"and therefore is continually crowded with work, and is obliged to keep from two to four assistants all the time. He served as a soldier in the late war, enlisting in 1861, in the Thirteenth Reginent of Missouri Cavalry, under Colonel Sigel, but was changed into the Fifth after one year, in which he remained until the close of the war. He is also a leader of the Lake Creek Brass Band, and is held in high esteem by all who are acquainted with him. He has also. taken a prominent part in the educational interests of the community, serving as a school officer for a number of years. JOHN C. KAHRS, Jr. The son of Herman Kahrs, who is one of the oldest settlers of Lake Creek Township, was born in Pettis County, March 3, 1847, on the large and magnificent estate owned by his father, consisting of 500 or 600 acres of fine land. Very little improvement had been made in this part of the county when his father settled there, but now it is nearly all fenced and in a good state of cultivation. He was married in 1870, at the age of twenty- three years, to Miss Louisa Momburg, aged eighteen, whose father is HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. 1105 still living in Wyandotte, Kan., but whose mother has been dead about five years. He has a family of four children, one boy and three girls: Laura M., born May 23, 1871; Mary M., born Aug. 29, 1872; Minnie M., born March 10, 1875; William Herman Lewis, born April 14, 1880. Mr. Kahrs raises forty bushels of corn, and about fifty bushels of oats to the acre. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, forty of which is timber, the bal- ance being high rolling prairie. He keeps about twenty-five head of cattle, 100 head of sheep, and a good line of horses and hogs. When first started in life, his farm was entirely unimproved, but by constant labor he has succeeded in making it one of the most desirable farms of any in his community. It is well watered, and produces abundantly. He is one of the most noteworthy farmers of this region, being a careful cul- tivator and a very successful business man. PETER KAHRS, Sr. Is the eldest son of Mr. Cord Kahrs, who now resides in Sedalia, but was one of the early settlers of Lake Creek Township, having emigrated from the Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, to Pettis County, Mo., in the year 1840, and is now about seventy-five years of age. At the time of his coming he entered a large tract of land and improved a considerable amount of it. It was upon this farm, in January, 1843, that the subject of this sketch was born and raised. He assisted on the. farm until the year 1867, when he married Anna Bohling. She lived only a short time, and in July, 1868, he was married to Margaret Schlosserman, whose parents both lived in Morgan County, Mo. Mr. Kahrs has one brother and two sisters living. Of his own family he has six children, three sons and three daughters: Edward C, born March 30, 1868; Mary M., March, 1869; Willie T., Sept. 8, 1872; Ellen J., January, 1875; Benj. F. and Frances M., born March 18, 1879. He has a fine farm of 160 acres, 100 acres of which are under fence and in a good state of cultivation, with good fences, water and improvements. He keeps a good line of cattle, sheep, hogs and horses. He has been connected with the educational interests of his community in an official way for quite a while, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace six or eight years, which shows him to be a man in whom his friends confide. HENRY MEYER. The subject of this sketch was born in Bavaria, Germany, the 28th day of February, 1843. They located in Cooper County about the year 1858. There were ten children in the family, six of whom are still living, five sons and one daughter, all of whom are in Cooper County except Mr. M. Three brothers are not married. His parents are still living, although getting quite aged, being about sixty-six years old. At the age of 1106 HISTORY OF LAKE CREEK TOWNSHIP. twenty-six Mr. Meyer was married to Matilda Geotae, she being eighteen years of age. To them have been born seven children., five of whom are living, four sons and one daughter: John, born Feb. 12, 1871; Louisa, born Dec. 31, 1873; George and Henry, bomi Sept. 18, 1876; James and Willie, born Sept. 25, 1879, and an infant, born March 10, 1862. He owns eighty acres of fine prairie land, all under fence and m cuMvaMOn. He served as a Union soldier in the late war, having enfeted in the Twenty- ninth Missouri Infantry in 1862. He was in the battles of Vicksburg, Arkansas Post, Milliken's Bend, Atlanta, with Sherman on his march to the sea, and was mustered out at Washington in 1865. Everything around points to him as a thrifty money-making farmer of the first class. THOMAS W. RHODES. The subject of this sketch was born in Hawkins County, Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1817. At the age of two years, his parents moved to Callaway Cowity, M©<. From there to Marion, and thence to Scotland County,, Mo. He remained there until 1864, during which time: he became one of the representative business men of the county, owning, quite a large store, and a large stock of fancy dry goods, clothing, ladies' and gents' furnish- ing goods, etc.,, etc. He and his brother also owned a 1,000-acre farm,, over which roamed five herds of the very best of stock. But the cruel war came on, with destructive force and swept everything, away. In 1864 Mr. Rhodes removed to Illinois, where he again: commenced dealing in stock, which occupation he followed until the year 18-37, when he agaira removed to Missouri, and settled in Lake Creek Township, Pettis County.. He is now residing on a magnificent farm owned by his two sons, W. H. and G. W. Rhodes-, consisting of 1,4(90 acres,, all of which is under fence,. 560 acres in cultivation, eighty acres of choice timber,, and the balance in fine pasture. He was married in the year 1837,. to Minerva Jones, whose parents removed to California in 1868. At the time of marriage, Mr. R. was twenty years of age and his wife seventeen years oldw Mrs. R. was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 182