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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 92401 35341 55 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 AND 
 
 RHODODAPHNE 
 
They beg-all their march.— l^. 27. 
 
THE 
 
 MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 AND 
 
 RHODODAPHNE 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS LOVE PEACOCK 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY F. H. TOWNSEND 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY GEORGE SAINTSBURY 
 
 l-onlion 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited 
 
 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
 
 18^7 
 
 All rights reserrcd 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The Misfortunes of Elphin occupies a curious position 
 among Peacock's books. I myself prefer it to almost all of 
 them, and I know some others who think with me ; but it 
 has been by no means a general favourite, though every one, 
 I think, has acknowledged the merit of the ' War Song of 
 Dinas Vawr.' It is not difficult to account for this com- 
 parative want of popularity. The scenery and subject are 
 remote ; and the shortness of the book does not give the 
 author time to make them familiar. The poetry is of a 
 stamp at least as unfamiliar, and still more difficult to bring 
 home to English readers ; for high as Welsh poetry stands 
 by consent even of those who do not invariably admire 
 Celtic things, its whole scheme, imagery, language and 
 prosody appear to be even more difficult to transplant 
 into English than the vague and doubtful fragments of 
 Gaelic, and the abundant and genuine stores of Irish. 
 
 But I should imagine that the chief stumbling-blocks have 
 been, first, the pervading irony of the thing, and, secondly, 
 the additional offence of ironic treatment of a romantic 
 subject. It must be added, too, that, with one exception. 
 Peacock does not seem to have cared to exert that gift for 
 slight but sufficient projection of character which he had 
 discovered in Nightmare Abbey, had made still better use of 
 
 vii 
 
MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 in Maid Marian, and was to show almost throughout Crotchet 
 Castle. Except Seithenyn the immortal, all the figures are 
 but shadowy, and most of them are but the shadows of 
 shades. Gwythno is simply an early Welsh Ren6 of Anjou ; 
 Elphin and Angharad, Taliesin and Melanghel, respectable 
 and amiable nonentities ; Maelgon, Rhiin, Melvas, bold bad 
 men with a pleasantly incisive fashion of speech ; Arthur 
 and Gwenyvar (except at the moment when she slaps 
 Gwenvach's face) cyphers.'- It seems as if the author had 
 relapsed upon the system of types rather than indivi- 
 dualities. 
 
 Yet after admitting this and making allowance for it, the 
 book seems to me amply endowed with charm and interest. 
 In the first place it is here first that we see, full-blown and 
 splendid, that extraordinary Peacockian style, the beginnings 
 of which appear in Nightmare Abbey, and which, as has been 
 noted, makes great advances, but does not attain to perfec- 
 tion, in Maid Marian. In the author's two first books this 
 style, both in conversation and in narrative, is intermit- 
 tently perceptible, if indeed it is perceptible at all. In both 
 Peacock writes sometimes quite ill; generally in a suffi- 
 cient but not very remarkable manner; seldom very well. 
 
 1 Although these introductions are not scholastic dissertations it may 
 be permitted to point out that the Arthurian part of the story has a 
 good deal of literary interest. The ' Celticists ' have in vain en- 
 deavoured (since they relinquished the treacherous help of persons like 
 the late M. de la Villemarque) to assign a direct Celtic origin to the 
 best known and most poetical parts of the canonical Arthurian legend. 
 In the escapade of Melvas, however, and the detention of Guinevere in 
 the 'Isle of Glass,' critical charity, as well as partisan enthusiasm has 
 sometimes been inclined to see the origin of the ' Melleagraunce ' 
 episodes of Malory and of the Chevalier h la Charette of Chrestien 
 much earlier. The original authority for this experience of the Queen, 
 who, as M. Paulin Paris demurely says, itait Ms sujette h ttre enlevie, 
 seems to be the Latin Vita Gildae attributed to Caradoc of Lancarvan, 
 the contemporary of Geoffrey of Monmouth, 
 
 viii 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Here, after the successive progresses just referred to, his 
 style is absolutely full-grown. As with all the best styles, 
 it is not particularly easy to indicate with precision the 
 exact mtances which make up its effect. It has something 
 of Sallust, something of Tacitus, something of Lucian, and 
 something of Voltaire, and his models and imitators. If 
 any one puts these together he will anticipate, and if he 
 reads Elphin he will find, a peculiar sort of ironic anti- 
 thesis in the clauses, and a crisp cadence in the whole 
 sentence. That this may have been partly brought about 
 by an attempt to render, and that it was very successful in 
 rendering, the sententiousness of the Welsh manner is very 
 probable ; but it is noticeable, though not to the same 
 extent, in Maid Marian and even in Nightmare Abbey, 
 where there could have been no such influence or object. 
 And it continued, softened a little from the tension here 
 shown, to mark Peacock till the last. It is not a ' snip- 
 snap ' style, and though it is full of epigram, the epigram 
 is not fired off pointblank at the reader with an obvious 
 ' there's one for you ' from the writer. It slips easily off 
 the pen, and is accompanied by the best Swiftian or 
 Lucianic absence of insistence and waiting for applause. 
 Further, the descriptive passages, already very good in Maid 
 Marian, are even better here ; and Peacock has nowhere 
 excelled the departure from Seithenyn's castle and the 
 picture of Caer Lleon. Indeed I do not think it excessive 
 to say that The Misfortunes of Elphin, taking it all round, is 
 his best-written book. 
 
 It will, however, of course depend on how far the 
 reader can enjoy the austerer kind of irony whether he 
 will enjoy this writing or not, for it cannot be said that 
 The Misfortunes of Elphin is a book by any means over- 
 flowing with the milk of human kindness. Peacock's old 
 
 ix 
 
MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 attacks on the Lakers are indeed mostly dropped (though 
 there is still a laureate who is a parasite and something 
 worse, as in Maid Marian), and those on Lord Brougham 
 have scarcely begun. The satire on humanity is more 
 general than personal ; but it is severe enough and very 
 little relieved. The characters of the book who are 
 virtuous are not interesting, and those who are interesting 
 cannot by the farthest stretch of imagination or charity be 
 called virtuous. Very sentimental or very rigidly moral 
 persons can hardly be expected to be much in love with 
 the delightful reprobate Seithenyn, who is the pillar and 
 mainstay of the book. It is impossible to defend the 
 conduct of this bibulous prince. He ought not to have 
 neglected the embankment. He ought not, when remon- 
 strated with on the subject, to have indulged in attempts 
 to defend his conduct which were flippant if they were not 
 serious, and painfully sophistical if they were. When the 
 catastrophe had come, his neglect not merely to attempt 
 any atonement for it, but even to ascertain the fate of his 
 daughter and his household, was reprehensible in the 
 highest degree. Although the manners of the time may 
 justify his acceptance of the position of King Ednyfed's 
 butler, they do not excuse the levity with which he transfers 
 his services to the slayer of his master and benefactor. 
 Even the comparatively beneficent part which he plays in 
 the latest scenes, appears to have been dictated partly by the 
 same levity and partly by self-interest ; and his unblushing 
 practice in and confession of habitual intoxication cannot but 
 have blunted such very rudimentary principles of honour and 
 honesty as his general conduct shows him to have originally 
 possessed. 
 
 But if it is impossible for Propriety to defend Seithenyn, 
 it is equally impossible for Taste and Sense not to regard 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 him with prodigious admiration and affection. From his 
 very first appearance, when he is quite (and the land of 
 Gwaelod very nearly) half seas over, but still in state and 
 dignity, to his very last, when he takes place under Sir 
 Bedivere (but I do not think he followed his chief to 
 Lyonesse), his magnificently apolaostic temperament dis- 
 plays itself in a series of ades et paroles equally magnificent. 
 There is no bad blood in Seithenyn, though there may be 
 a certain amount of selfishness ; and difficult as it may be 
 to arrange an exact Organon of his peculiar logic, he strikes 
 me as being as good a reasoner as many logicians and others 
 who have attained very high repute in the world, as well 
 as infinitely more amusing. He, quite as well as Friar 
 Michael, might have been the mouthpiece of that famous 
 formula as to ' making a joke of things ' which has been 
 quoted in the general Introduction to this series as ex- 
 pressing Peacock's most abiding conviction; and he is 
 never false to his own principles. With what courtesy, 
 combined with what topsy-turviness of argument, does he 
 defend the policy of ' Can't you let it alone,' against the 
 arguments of Elphin and the blunter assertions of Teithrin 
 at his first appearance ! ' It was half rotten when I was 
 born, and that is a conclusive reason why it should be three 
 parts rotten when I die' strikes us now (it is the fate of 
 political reasoning) as a caricature not so much of Tory 
 arguments of the kind, which have long ceased to be heard, 
 as of ' progressive ' fallacies of another kind ; but it is still 
 beautiful. Although the proceeding of leaping into the sea 
 with a drawn sword to stop a flood may not seem from the 
 point of view of common sense and engineering entirely 
 rational, it is heroic, it is logical (for this was ' the enemy '), 
 and it is warranted by the example of Marcus (not, as some 
 say, Quintus) Curtius. And when, after many years, we 
 
 xi 
 
MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 meet Seithenyn again, how admirably true to himself is he ! 
 There is, perhaps, a little less of the absolute quaintness 
 combined with dignity which previously distinguished him ; 
 a butler, even in the days when butlers were sometimes 
 princes, could not be entirely the same in manner as a prince 
 who was the head of an Embankment Commission. It was 
 not necessary for years to bring Seithenyn the philosophic 
 mind, for he had always had it; but they had made his 
 wisdom milder and mellower, while not impairing in the very 
 least the marvellous topsy-turviness of his logic. I still, after 
 years of reading, have been unable, as I was unable ten 
 years ago, to find anything in literature quite so beautiful 
 as his demonstration that he is not dead ; and though you 
 may very frequently hear things not at all unlike it in life, 
 that enhances instead of depreciating its value. I believe 
 that he did kill two or three of the followers of King Melvas. 
 There is no trace of cowardice in Seithenyn ; a coward could 
 not have been guilty, even in words, of the unblushing im- 
 pudence of the parenthetical reference to King Elphin 
 ('what he is king of you shall tell me at leisure '), consider- 
 ing that the speaker was responsible for the circumscription 
 of Elphin's kingdom. A coward's impudence is never really 
 humorous in this way. Parolles and Bessus and Bobadil 
 we laugh at, not with. Pistol would not have said this ; 
 and though Falstaff might, no person of intelligence now 
 takes Falstaff for a coward. And we should find reasons, 
 if we had space to set them forth, for equal admiration of 
 Seithenyn at Avallon and at Caer Lleon. 
 
 I do not remember to have seen it anywhere noticed in 
 connection with the satire on the Tory and especially the 
 Canningite position towards Reform in Elphin — satire which 
 is of course chiefly to be found in Seithenyn's defence 
 of the embankment — that it is of a very double-edged 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 nature. The Radicals who were made sore by Crotchet Castle 
 must have been rather hasty and short-sighted if they took 
 unmixed delight in this its forerunner by no long time, even 
 though it did on the surface seem to make for them. The 
 invading ocean is quite as susceptible of being taken as a 
 text as the rotten embankment; and the whole tone and 
 gust of the book are exceedingly unlike those of a fervent 
 believer in progress of any kind, for all its gibes at kings 
 and queens, at bishops and archbishops, at high-born 
 hereditary commissioners, at war, at taxation, and so forth. 
 
 Something has been said above, though in little more than 
 allusion, of the verse here, which stands of course by itself, 
 being all either imitated or translated from actual Welsh 
 originals. Nothing approaches the ' Dinas Vawr ' song, 
 which has a diabolical lightness and swing about it quite un- 
 like anything that is to be found elsewhere. It is probably the 
 succinctest piece of humorous modern poetry in the world : 
 there is not a line, not a word to spare. ' The Circling of 
 the Mead-horns ' is a very good drinking song, but inferior, 
 I think, to the less archaic performances of the other novels. 
 The rest, as noted above, must be regarded rather as ex- 
 periments in the introduction of Welsh poetry to English 
 readers than as independent historical compositions. The 
 best, I think, is Merlin's 'Apple-trees'; but most suffer a little 
 from that singular habit common to all nations in a state 
 of imperfect development, but apparently commonest and 
 lasting longest among Celts, of making verse a medium for 
 things which would be much better said in prose. 
 
 Such things, however, can in no case interpose any serious 
 obstacle in reading, because they can be skipped without the 
 slightest difficulty ; and they may add an ornament and 
 relish for some tastes. Indeed it is so certain that almost 
 every reader according to his idiosyncrasy will either like 
 
MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The Misfortunes of Elphin extremely or be quite unable to 
 get on with it, that details of this sort matter very little — 
 much less than in any of the other books. The only thing 
 to fear in the case of a book, still so little read, is that its 
 antique garb may serve to deter some readers who are fit 
 readers from attempting it. Here the office of an introducer 
 comes in with special appropriateness ; and he may without 
 officiousness give his assurance that not the most brand- 
 new modern story in appearance can be freer from anything 
 really out of date than The Misfortunes of Elphin. For 
 irony of the true kind never faUeth : and this is pure irony. 
 As the Misfortunes by themselves would have been 
 hardly of bulk sufficient for a volume, it has been thought 
 that it might not be disagreeable to readers to have Peacock's 
 longest poem, a verse-novel itself, added to the now com- 
 plete reissue of his prose novels. Rhododaphne, though it 
 has not lacked fit admiration, has never been popular, but it 
 is a very interesting example of that section of the Romantic 
 poetry of the first quarter of this century which was written 
 by men who were not first of all poets. In this section 
 Rhododaphne takes very high rank. Peacock's scholarship 
 (a point in which he was far superior to all his great poetical 
 contemporaries, including even Coleridge, as far as exactness 
 is concerned) may have a little ' sicklied o'er ' his strictly 
 poetical vein ; and his eighteenth-century peculiarities also 
 appear. But it is an immense advance on his only other 
 long poem. The Genius of the Thames, published six years 
 earlier, and we have little difficulty in seeing in it the great 
 contagion of Shelley, in whose company at Marlow Peacock 
 had just (1817) been living. The poem is exactly con- 
 temporary with Nightmare Abbey, which Shelley had in a very 
 different way also inspired. It is pleasant to read the two 
 together, and to observe how entirely the note of persiflage 
 
 xiv 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 is kept out of the poem, how omnipresent it is in the 
 novel. But this contrast is almost as well presented by the 
 actual conjunction. It is, of course, only a very superficial 
 criticism to which irony and sentiment seem incompatible. 
 But their incompatibility is an inveterate popular error; 
 and it cannot be quite useless to remind readers from time 
 to time that no one is less unlikely than the author of a 
 Rhododaphne to be the author also of a Misfortunes of 
 
 ^ ' George Saintsbury. 
 
CHAPTER V 
 The Prize of the Weir . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 The Prosperity of Gwaelod .... 3 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 The Drunkenness of Seithenyn . . . 10 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 The Oppression of Gwenhidwy ... 16 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 The Lamentations of Gwythno . . 28 
 
 34 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 The Education of Taliesin . . . .40 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 The Huntings of Maelgon 
 
 51 
 
 xvu 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Love of Melanghel . . .60 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 The Songs of Diganwy . . . . -65 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 
 The Disappointment of RhOn . 74 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 The Heroes of Dinas Vawr . . .81 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 The Splendour of Caer Lleon . . .91 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 The Ghostliness of Avallon . . 98 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 The Right of Might . . . no 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 The Circle of the Bards . . . .117 
 
 CHAPTER XVI 
 
 The Judgments of Arthur . . . 126 
 
 xviil 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Preface 
 Canto I 
 Canto II . 
 Canto III . 
 Canto IV 
 Canto V . 
 Canto VI . 
 Canto VII 
 Notes 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 
 135 
 
 
 141 
 
 
 iSS 
 
 
 169 
 
 
 183 
 
 
 197 
 
 ' 
 
 209 
 
 
 229 
 
 
 257 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 I'AGE 
 
 They began their march . . . Frontispiece 
 
 He heard, or seemed to hear, words, ' Beware of the oppression 
 
 of Gwenhidwy ' . . . . . . ^ 
 
 The cupbearers reeled off with their lord . . 17 
 
 ' Thus, thus I prove the falsehood ' ... 25 
 
 In the coracle lay a sleeping child, clothed in splendid apparel 36 
 
 Initiated him in these mysteries . . . .44 
 
 Elphin was impressed into royal favour . . .50 
 
 ' Whither lead you, my friend ? My horse can no longer keep 
 
 his footing' ...... 54 
 
 She gave him a supper . . . 57 
 
 One of ' the Three Chaste Kisses of the island of Britain ' . 63 
 Rhiln and his bard returned to the banks of the Mawddach, 
 
 where they resolved themselves into an ambuscade . 72 
 
 The cataracts thunder down the steep . . .76 
 
 The hoarse voice of Teithrin ap Tathral sounded in their ears 
 
 from without, ' Foxes ! you have been seen through, and 
 
 you are fairly trapped ' . . . . -79 
 
 ' I am the man ' . . . . . .84 
 
 ' I swore I would not budge from the water unless my two barrels 
 
 went with me' ... . 87 
 
 A face, as round and as red as the setting sun in November, 
 
 shone forth in the aperture . . .100 
 
 And strikes up, ' I'd be a butterfly' . . . 103 
 
MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN, AND RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Page 
 ' I will take a simple and single draught of what happens to be 
 
 here'. ...... io8 
 
 ' Obey the king : first drink, then speak ' . . 113 
 
 This slap is recorded in the Bardic Triads as one of the Three 
 
 Fatal Slaps .... . 127 
 
 RHODODAPHNE 
 
 From Ladon's shores Anthemion came 14S 
 
 Unconsciously the flower he took . 152 
 
 He stood as if he listened still . 162 
 
 ' If round my footsteps dwell unholy sign or evil spell ' . 1 65 
 
 'O maid ! I have another love !' . 178 
 
 ' Oh, thou art dead ! ' . . . . 190 
 And fled o'er plain and steep, with frantic tread, as Passion's 
 
 aimless impulse led . . . .194 
 
 ' There sit ! ' — cried one in rugged tone . 202 
 Anthemion, with the opening day, from deep entrancement on 
 
 the sands stood up . . . . .213 
 
 Up that image rose, and spake, as from a trumpet . 220 
 
 Anthemion took the cup, and quaffed . 224 
 
 ' Now art thou mine ! ' . . 227 
 
 Those feelings came and passed away, and left him lorn . 232 
 
 They plied, throughout the enchanted hall, their servile ministries 235 
 
 Or stalked around the garden-dells in lion-guise . 238 
 
 Satyrs and Fauns would start around . . . 241 
 
 The bath concludes the day ..... 244 
 
 And lodged in Rhododaphne's breast .... 247 
 
 He fell, as falls a wounded bird . . . 251 
 
 And on his lips impressed a kiss . . 255 
 
 xxu 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 m 
 
Quod non exspectes ex transverse fit, 
 Et supri nos Fortuna negotia curat ; 
 Quare da nobis vina Falerna, puer. 
 
 Petronius Arbiter. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 THE PROSPERITY OF GWAELOD 
 
 Regardless of the sweeping whirlwind's sway, 
 
 That, hush'd in grim repose, expects his evening prey. 
 
 Gray. 
 
 In the beginning of the sixth century, when Uther Pendragon 
 held the nominal sovereignty of Britain over a number of petty 
 kings, Gwythno Garanhir was king of Caredigion. The most 
 valuable portion of his dominions was the Great Plain of 
 Gwaelod, an extensive tract of level land, stretching along that 
 part of the sea-coast which now belongs to the counties of 
 Merioneth and Cardigan. This district was populous and 
 highly cultivated. It contained sixteen fortified towns, superior 
 to all the towns and cities of the Cymry, excepting Caer Lleon 
 upon Usk ; and, like Caer Lleon, they bore in their architec- 
 ture, their language, and their manners, vestiges of past inter- 
 course with the Roman lords of the world. It contained also 
 one of the three privileged ports of the isle of Britain, which 
 was called the Port of Gwythno. This port, we may believe 
 if we please, had not been unknown to the Phoenicians and 
 Carthaginians, when they visited the island for metal, accom- 
 modating the inhabitants, in return, with luxuries which they 
 would not otherwise have dreamed of, and which they could 
 very well have done without ; of course, in arranging the 
 exchange of what they denominated equivalents, imposing on 
 their simplicity, and taking advantage of their ignorance, 
 according to the approved practice of civilised nations ; which 
 they called imparting the blessings of Phoenician and Cartha- 
 ginian light. 
 
 3 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 An embankment of massy stone protected this lowland 
 country from the sea, which was said, in traditions older than 
 the embankment, to have, in occasional spring-tides, paid short 
 but unwelcome visits to the interior inhabitants, and to have, 
 by slow aggressions, encroached considerably on the land. To 
 prevent the repetition of the first of these inconveniences, and 
 to check the progress of the second, the people of Gwaelod had 
 built the stony rampart, which had withstood the shock of the 
 waves for centuries, when Gwythno began his reign. 
 
 Gwythno, like other kings, found the business of governing 
 too light a matter to fill up the vacancy of either his time or 
 his head, and took to the more solid pursuits of harping and 
 singing : not forgetting feasting, in which he was glorious ; nor 
 hunting, wherein he was mighty. His several pursuits com- 
 posed a very harmonious triad. The chase conduced to the 
 good cheer of the feast, and to the good appetite which con- 
 sumed it ; the feast inspired the song ; and the song gladdened 
 the feast and celebrated the chase. 
 
 Gwythno and his subjects went on together very happily. 
 They had little to do with him but to pay him revenue, and he 
 had little to do with them but to receive it. Now and then 
 they were called on to fight for the protection of his sacred 
 person, and for the privilege of paying revenue to him rather 
 than to any of the kings in his vicinity, a privilege of which 
 they were particularly tenacious. His lands being far more 
 fertile, and his people, consequently, far more numerous, than 
 those of the rocky dwellers on his borders, he was always 
 victorious in the defensive warfare to which he restricted his 
 military achievements ; and, after the invaders of his dominions 
 had received two or three inflictions of signal chastisement, 
 they limited their aggressions to coming quietly in the night, 
 and vanishing before morning with cattle : an heroic operation, 
 in which the pre-eminent glory of Scotland renders the similar 
 exploits of other nations not worth recording. 
 
 Gwythno was not fond of the sea : a moonstruck bard had 
 warned him to beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy ; ^ and 
 he thought he could best do so by keeping as far as possible 
 out of her way. He had a palace built of choice slate stone 
 on the rocky banks of the Mawddach, just above the point 
 
 1 Gwm-Audiw, 'the v/hiteallmmg one' ; the name of a mermaid. Used 
 figuratively for the elemental power of the sea. 
 
THE PROSPERITY OF GWAELOD 
 
 where it quitted its native mountains and entered the plain of 
 Gwaelod. Here, among green woods and sparkling waters, 
 he lived in festal munificence, and expended his revenue in 
 encouraging agriculture, by consuming a large quantity of 
 produce. 
 
 Watch-towers were erected along the embankment, and 
 watchmen were appointed to guard against the first approaches 
 of damage or decay. The whole of these towers, and their 
 companies of guards, were subordinate to a central castle, 
 which commanded the seaport already mentioned, and wherein 
 dwelt Prince Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi, who held the office 
 of Arglwyd Gorwarcheidwad yr Argae Breninawl, which signi- 
 fies, in English, Lord High Commissioner of Royal Embank- 
 ment ; and he executed it as a personage so denominated 
 might be expected to do : he drank the profits, and left the 
 embankment to his deputies, who left it to their assistants, who 
 left it to itself. 
 
 The condition of the head, in a composite as in a simple 
 body, affects the entire organisation to the extremity of the 
 tail, excepting that, as the tail in the figurative body usually 
 receives the largest share in the distribution of punishment, 
 and the smallest in the distribution of reward, it has the 
 stronger stimulus to ward off" evil, and the smaller supply of 
 means to indulge in diversion ; and it sometimes happens that 
 one of the least regarded of the component parts of the said 
 tail will, from a pure sense of duty, or an inveterate love of 
 business, or an oppressive sense of ennui, or a development of 
 the organ of order, or some other equally cogent reason, cheer- 
 fully undergo all the care and labour, of which the honour and 
 profit will redound to higher quarters. 
 
 Such a component portion of the Gwaelod High Commission 
 of Royal Embankment was Teithrin ap Tathral, who had the 
 charge of a watch-tower where the embankment terminated at 
 the point of Mochres, in the high land of Ardudwy. Teithrin 
 kept his portion of the embankment in exemplary condition, 
 and paced with daily care the limits of his charge ; but one 
 day, by some accident, he strayed beyond them, and observed 
 symptoms of neglect that filled him with dismay. This circum- 
 stance induced him to proceed till his wanderings brought him 
 round to the embankment's southern termination in the high 
 land of Caredigion. He met with abundant hospitality at the 
 
 5 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 towers of his colleagues, and at the castle of Seithenyn : he 
 was supposed to be walking for his amusement ; he was asked 
 no questions, and he carefully abstained from asking any. 
 He examined and observed in silence ; and, when he had 
 completed his observations, he hastened to the palace of 
 Gwythno. 
 
 Preparations were making for a high festival, and Gwythno 
 was composing an ode. Teithrin knew better than to interrupt 
 him in his awen?- 
 
 Gwythno had a son named Elphin, who is celebrated in 
 history as the most expert of fishers. Teithrin, finding the 
 king impracticable, went in search of the young prince. 
 
 Elphin had been all the morning fishing in the Mawddach, 
 in a spot where the river, having quitted the mountains and 
 not yet entered the plain, ran in alternate streams and pools 
 sparkling through a pastoral valley. Elphin sat under an 
 ancient ash, enjoying the calm brightness of an autumnal noon, 
 and the melody and beauty of the flying stream, on which the 
 shifting sunbeams fell chequering through the leaves. The 
 monotonous music of the river, and the profound stillness of 
 the air, had contributed to the deep abstraction of a meditation 
 into which Elphin had fallen. He was startled into attention 
 by a sudden rush of the wind through the trees, and during 
 the brief interval of transition from the state of reverie to that 
 of perfect consciousness, he heard, or seemed to hear, in the 
 gust that hurried by him, the repetition of the words, ' Beware 
 of the oppression of Gwenhidwy.' The gust was momentary : 
 the leaves ceased to rustle, and the deep silence of nature 
 returned. 
 
 The prophecy, which had long haunted the memory and 
 imagination of his father, had been often repeated to Elphin, 
 and had sometimes occupied his thoughts, but it had formed 
 no part of his recent meditation, and he could not persuade 
 himself that the words had not been actually spoken near him. 
 He emerged from the shade of the trees that fringed the river, 
 and looked round him from the rocky bank. 
 
 At this moment Teithrin ap Tathral discovered and ap- 
 proached him. 
 
 Elphin knew him not, and inquired his name. He answered, 
 ' Teithrin ap Tathral.' 
 
 ' The rapturous and abstracted state of poetical inspiration. 
 
 6 
 
He heard, ot seetned to hear, ivords, ' BcuJare of the oppression of Gwcnhidivy. ' 
 
THE PROSPERITY OF GWAELOD 
 
 ' And what seek you here ? ' said Elphin. 
 
 ' I seek,' answered Teithrin, ' the Prince of Gwaelod, Elphin 
 ap Gwythno Garanhir.' 
 
 'You spoke,' said Elphin, 'as you approached.' Teithrin 
 answered in the negative. 
 
 ' Assuredly you did,' said Elphin. ' You repeated the words, 
 " Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy." ' 
 
 Teithrin denied having spoken the words ; but their mys- 
 terious impression made Elphin listen readily to his information 
 and advice ; and the result of their conference was a determi- 
 nation, on the part of the Prince, to accompany Teithrin ap 
 Tathral on a visit of remonstrance to the Lord High Commis- 
 sioner. 
 
 They crossed the centre of the enclosed country to the 
 privileged Port of Gwythno, near which stood the castle of 
 Seithenyn. They walked towards the castle along a portion of 
 the embankment, and Teithrin pointed out to the Prince its 
 dilapidated condition. The sea shone with the glory of the 
 setting sun ; the air was calm ; and the white surf, tinged with 
 the crimson of sunset, broke lightly on the sands below. 
 Elphin turned his eyes from the dazzhng splendour of ocean to 
 the green meadows of the Plain of Gwaelod ; the trees, that in 
 the distance thickened into woods ; the wreaths of smoke rising 
 from among them, marking the solitary cottages, or the popu- 
 lous towns ; the massy barrier of mountains beyond, with the 
 forest rising from their base ; the precipices frowning over the 
 forest ; and the clouds resting on their summits, reddened with 
 the reflection of the west. Elphin gazed earnestly on the 
 peopled plain, reposing in the calm of evening between the 
 mountains and the sea, and thought, with deep feelings of 
 secret pain, how much of life and human happiness was en- 
 trusted to the ruinous mound on which he stood. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 THE DRUNKENNESS OB' SEITHENYN 
 
 The three immortal drunkards of the isle of Britain : Ceraint of Essyllwg ; 
 Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau ; and Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi. — Triads 
 or THE Isle of Britain. 
 
 The sun had sunk beneath the waves when they reached the 
 castle of Seithenyn. The sound of the harp and the song 
 saluted them as they approached it. As they entered the 
 great hall, which was already blazing with torchlight, they 
 found his highness, and his highness's household, convincing 
 themselves and each other, with wine and wassail, of the 
 excellence of their system of virtual superintendence ; and the 
 following jovial chorus broke on the ears of the visitors : 
 
 THE CIRCLING OF THE MEAD HORNS 
 
 Fill the blue horn, the blue buffalo horn . 
 Natural is mead in the buffalo horn : 
 As the cuckoo in spring, as the lark in the morn. 
 So natural is mead in the buffalo horn. 
 
 As the cup of the flower to the bee when he sips, 
 Is the full cup of mead to the true Briton's lips : 
 From the flower-cups of summer, on field and on tree, 
 Our mead cups are filled by the vintager bee. 
 
 Seithenyn! ^p Seithyn, the generous, the bold. 
 Drinks the wine of the stranger from vessels of gold ; ^ 
 But we from the horn, the blue silver-rimmed horn. 
 Drink the ale and the mead in our fields that were born. 
 
 1 The accent is on the second syllable : Seithfeyn. 
 ^ Gwin . . . o cur . . . Aneurin. 
 
 lo 
 
THE DRUNKENNESS OF SEITHENYN 
 
 The ale-froth is white, and the mead sparkles bright ; 
 They both smile apart, and with smiles they unite : i 
 The mead from the flower, and the ale from the corn, 
 Smile, sparkle, and sing in the buffalo horn. 
 
 The horn, the blue horn, cannot stand on its tip ; 
 Its path is right on from the hand to the lip : 
 Though the bowl and the wine-cup our tables adorn. 
 More natural the draught from the buffalo horn. 
 
 But Seithenyn ap Seithyn, the generous, the bold. 
 Drinks the bright-flowing wine from the far-gleaming gold : 
 The wine, in the bowl by his lip that is worn, 
 Shall be glorious as mead in the buffalo horn. 
 
 The horns circle fast, but their fountains will last, 
 As the stream passes ever, and never is past : 
 Exhausted so quickly, replenished so soon. 
 They wax and they wane like the horns of the moon. 
 
 Fill high the blue horn, the blue buffalo horn ; 
 Fill high the long silver-rimmed buffalo horn : 
 While the roof of the hall by our chorus is torn, 
 Fill, fill to the brim, the deep silver-rimmed horn. 
 
 Elphin and Teithrin stood some time on the floor of the 
 hall before they attracted the attention of Seithenyn, who, 
 during the chorus, was tossing and flourishing his golden 
 goblet. The chorus had scarcely ended when he noticed them, 
 and immediately roared aloud, ' You are welcome all four.' 
 
 Elphin answered, ' We thank you : we are but two.' 
 
 ' Two or four,' said Seithenyn, ' all is one. You are welcome 
 all. When a stranger enters, the custom in other places is to 
 begin by washing his feet. My custom is, to begin by washing 
 his throat. Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi bids you welcome.' 
 
 Elphin, taking the wine-cup, answered, ' Elphin ap Gwythno 
 Garanhir thanks you.' 
 
 Seithenyn started up. He endeavoured to straighten him- 
 self into perpendicularity, and to stand steadily on his legs. 
 He accomplished half his object by stiffening all his joints but 
 those of his ankles, and from these the rest of his body vibrated 
 upwards with the inflexibility of a bar. After thus oscillating 
 
 ^ The mixture of ale and mead made Iradawd, a favourite drink of the 
 Ancient Britons. 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 for a time, like an inverted pendulum, finding that the attention 
 requisite to preserve his rigidity absorbed all he could collect 
 of his dissipated energies, and that he required a portion of 
 them for the management of his voice, which he felt a dizzy 
 desire to wield with peculiar steadiness in the presence of the 
 son of the king, he suddenly relaxed the muscles that perform 
 the operation of sitting, and dropped into his chair like a 
 plummet. He then, with a gracious gesticulation, invited 
 Prince Elphin to take his seat on his right hand, and proceeded 
 to compose himself into a dignified attitude, throwing his body 
 back into the left corner of his chair, resting his left elbow on 
 its arm and his left cheekbone on the middle of the back of his 
 left hand, placing his left foot on a footstool, and stretching out 
 his right leg as straight and as far as his position allowed. He 
 had thus his right hand at liberty, for the ornament of his 
 eloquence and the conduct of his liquor. 
 
 Elphin seated himself at the right hand of Seithenyn. 
 Teithrin remained at the end of the hall : on which Seithenyn 
 exclaimed, ' Come on, man, come on. What, if you be not 
 the son of a king, you are the guest of Seithenyn ap Seithyn 
 Saidi. The most honourable place to the most honourable 
 guest, and the next most honourable place to the next most 
 honourable guest ; the least honourable guest above the most 
 honourable inmate ; and, where there are but two guests, be 
 the most honourable who he may, the least honourable of the 
 two is next in honour to the most honourable of the two, 
 because they are no more but two ; and, where there are only 
 two, there can be nothing between. Therefore sit, and drink. 
 GwiN O EUR : wine from gold.' 
 
 Elphin motioned Teithrin to approach, and sit next to 
 him. 
 
 Prince Seithenyn, whose liquor was ' his eating and his drink- 
 ing solely,' seemed to measure the gastronomy of his guests by 
 his own ; but his groom of the pantry thought the strangers 
 might be disposed to eat, and placed before them a choice of 
 provision, on which Teithrin ap Tathral did vigorous execution. 
 
 ' I pray your excuses,' said Seithenyn, ' my stomach is weak, 
 and I am subject to dizziness in the head, and my memory is 
 not so good as it was, and my faculties of attention are some- 
 what impaired, and I would dilate more upon the topic, 
 whereby you should hold me excused, but I am troubled with 
 
THE DRUNKENNESS OF SEITHENYN 
 
 a feverishness and parching of the mouth, that very much 
 injures my speech, and impedes my saying all I would say, and 
 will say before I have done, in token of my loyalty and fealty 
 to your highness and your highness's house. I must just 
 moisten my lips, and I will then proceed with my observations. 
 Cupbearer, fill.' 
 
 ' Prince Seithenyn,' said Elphin, ' I have visited you on a 
 subject of deep moment. Reports have been brought to me, 
 that the embankment, which has been so long entrusted to your 
 care, is in a state of dangerous decay.' 
 
 ' Decay,' said Seithenyn, ' is one thing, and danger is 
 another. Everything that is old must decay. That the em- 
 bankment is old, I am free to confess ; that it is somewhat 
 rotten in parts, I will not altogether deny ; that it is any the 
 worse for that, I do most sturdily gainsay. It does its busi- 
 ness well : it works well : it keeps out the water from the land, 
 and it lets in the wine upon the High Commission of Embank- 
 ment. Cupbearer, fill. Our ancestors were wiser than we : 
 they built it in their wisdom ; and, if we should be so rash as to 
 try to mend it, we should only mar it.' 
 
 ' The stonework,' said Teithrin, ' is sapped and mined : the 
 piles are rotten, broken, and dislocated : the floodgates and 
 sluices are leaky and creaky.' 
 
 ' That is the beauty of it,' said Seithenyn. ' Some parts of 
 it are rotten, and some parts of it are sound.' 
 
 ' It is well,' said Elphin, ' that some parts are sound : it 
 were better that all were so.' 
 
 ' So I have heard some people say before,' said Seithenyn ; 
 ' perverse people, blind to venerable antiquity : that very un- 
 amiable sort of people who are in the habit of indulging their 
 reason. But I say, the parts that are rotten give elasticity to 
 those that are sound : they give them elasticity, elasticity, 
 elasticity. If it were all sound, it would break by its own 
 obstinate stiffness : the soundness is checked by the rottenness, 
 and the stiffness is balanced by the elasticity. There is 
 nothing so dangerous as innovation. See the waves in the 
 equinoctial storms, dashing and clashing, roaring and pouring, 
 spattering and battering, rattling and batthng against it. I 
 would not be so presumptuous as to say, I could build any- 
 thing that would stand against them half an hour ; and here 
 this immortal old work, which God forbid the finger of modern 
 
 13 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 mason should bring into jeopardy, this immortal work has 
 stood for centuries, and will stand for centuries more, if we let 
 it alone. It is well : it works well : let well alone. Cupbearer, 
 fill. It was half rotten when I was bom, and that is a con- 
 clusive reason why it should be three parts rotten when I die.' 
 
 The whole body of the High Commission roared appro- 
 bation. 
 
 'And after all,' said Seithenyn, 'the worst that could 
 happen would be the overflow of a spring-tide, for that was the 
 worst that happened before the embankment was thought of; 
 and, if the high water should come in, as it did before, the low 
 water would go out again, as it did before. We should be no 
 deeper in it than our ancestors were, and we could mend as 
 easily as they could make.' 
 
 ' The level of the sea,' said Teithrin, ' is materially altered. 
 
 ' The level of the sea ! ' exclaimed Seithenyn. ' Who ever 
 heard of such a thing as altering the level of the sea ? Alter 
 the level of that bowl of wine before you, in which, as I sit 
 here, I see a very ugly reflection of your very good-looking face. 
 Alter the level of that : drink up the reflection : let me see the 
 face without the reflection, and leave the sea to level itself' 
 
 ' Not to level the embankment,' said Teithrin. 
 
 ' Good, very good,' said Seithenyn. ' I love a smart saying, 
 though it hits at me. But, whether yours is a smart saying or 
 no, I do not very clearly see ; and, whether it hits at me or 
 no, I do not very sensibly feel. But all is one. Cupbearer, 
 fill.' 
 
 ' I think,' pursued Seithenyn, looking as intently as he could 
 at Teithrin ap Tathral, ' I have seen something very like you 
 before. There was a fellow here the other day very like you : 
 he stayed here some time : he would not talk : he did nothing 
 but drink : he used to drink till he could not stand, and then 
 he went walking about the embankment. I suppose he 
 thought it wanted mending ; but he did not say anything. If 
 he had, I should have told him to embank his own throat, to 
 keep the liquor out of that. That would have posed him : he 
 could not have answered that : he would not have had a word 
 to say for himself after that.' 
 
 ' He must have been a miraculous person,' said Teithrin, 
 'to walk when he could not stand.' 
 
 ' All is one for that,' said Seithenyn. ' Cupbearer, fill.' 
 
 14 
 
THE DRUNKENNESS OF SEITHENYN 
 
 ' Prince Seithenyn,' said Elphin, ' if I were not aware that 
 wine speaks in the silence of reason, I should be astonished at 
 your strange vindication of your neglect of duty, which I take 
 shame to myself for not having sooner known and remedied. 
 The wise bard has well observed, " Nothing is done without 
 the eye of the king." ' 
 
 ' I am very sorry,' said Seithenyn, ' that you see things in a 
 wrong light ; but we will not quarrel for three reasons : first, 
 because you are the son of the king, and may do and say what 
 you please, without any one having a right to be displeased : 
 second, because I never quarrel with a guest, even if he grows 
 riotous in his cups : third, because there is nothing to quarrel 
 about ; and perhaps that is the best reason of the three ; or rather 
 the first is the best, because you are the son of the king ; and 
 the third is the second, that is, the second best, because there 
 is nothing to quari'el about ; and the second is nothing to the 
 purpose, because, though guests will grow riotous in their cups, 
 in spite of my good orderly example, God forbid I should say, 
 that is the case with you. And I completely agree in the truth 
 of your remark, that reason speaks in the silence of wine.' 
 
 Seithenyn accompanied his speech with a vehement swing- 
 ing of his right hand : in so doing, at this point, he dropped 
 his cup : a sudden impulse of rash volition, to pick it dexter- 
 ously up before he resumed his discourse, ruined all his devices 
 for maintaining dignity ; in stooping forward from his chair, 
 he lost his balance, and fell prostrate on the floor. 
 
 The whole body of the High Commission arose in simul- 
 taneous confusion, each zealous to be the foremost in uplifting 
 his fallen chief. In the vehemence of their uprise, they hurled 
 the benches backward and the tables forward ; the crash of 
 cups and bowls accompanied their overthrow ; and rivulets of 
 liquor ran gurgling through the hall. The household wished 
 to redeem the credit of their leader in the eyes of the Prince ; 
 but the only service they could render him was to participate his 
 discomfiture ; for Seithenyn, as he was first in dignity, was also, 
 as was fitting, hardest in skull ; and that which had impaired 
 his equilibrium had utterly destroyed theirs. Some fell, in the 
 first impulse, with the tables and benches ; others were tripped 
 up by the rolling bowls ; and the remainder fell at different 
 points of progression, by jostling against each other, or 
 stumbling over those who had fallen before them. 
 
 IS 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 THE OPPRESSION OF GWENHIDWY 
 
 Nid meddw 7 dyn a alio 
 Cwnu ei hun a rhodio, 
 Ac yved rhagor ddiawd : 
 Nid yw hyny yn veddwdawd. 
 
 Not drank is he, who from the floor 
 Can rise alone, and still drink more ; 
 But drunk is he, who prostrate lies, 
 Without the power to drink or rise. 
 
 A SIDE door, at the upper end of the hall, to the left of 
 Seithenyn's chair, opened, and a beautiful young girl entered 
 the hall, with her domestic bard, and her attendant maidens. 
 
 It was Angharad, the daughter of Seithenyn. The tumult 
 had drawn her from the solitude of her chamber, apprehensive 
 that some evil might befall her father in that incapability of 
 self-protection to which he made a point of bringing himself 
 by set of sun. She gracefully saluted Prince Elphin, and 
 directed the cupbearers (who were bound, by their office, to 
 remain half sober till the rest of the company were finished off, 
 after which they indemnified themselves at leisure), she directed 
 the cupbearers to lift up Prince Seithenyn, and bear him from 
 the hall. The cupbearers reeled off with their lord, who had 
 already fallen asleep, and who now began to play them a 
 pleasant march with his nose, to inspirit their progression. 
 
 Elphin gazed with delight on the beautiful apparition, whose 
 gentle and serious loveliness contrasted so strikingly with the 
 broken trophies and fallen heroes of revelry that lay scattered 
 at her feet. 
 
 16 
 
TJie cupbearers 7-ieled off -with their lord. 
 
THE OPPRESSION OF GWENHIDWY 
 
 ' Stranger,' she said, ' this seems an unfitting place for you : 
 let me conduct you where you will be more agreeably lodged.' 
 
 ' Still less should I deem it fitting for you, fair maiden,' 
 said Elphin. 
 
 She answered, ' The pleasure of her father is the duty of 
 Angharad.' 
 
 Elphin was desirous to protract the conversation, and this 
 very desire took from him the power of speaking to the purpose. 
 He paused for a moment to collect his ideas, and Angharad 
 stood still, in apparent expectation that he would show symptoms 
 of following, in compliance with her invitation. 
 
 In this interval of silence, he heard the loud dashing of 
 the sea, and the blustering of the wind through the apertures 
 of the walls. 
 
 This supplied him with what has been, since Britain was 
 Britain, the alpha and omega of British conversation. He 
 said, ' It seems a stormy night.' 
 
 She answered, ' We are used to storms : we are far from 
 the mountains, between the lowlands and the sea, and the 
 winds blow round us from all quarters.' 
 
 There was another pause of deep silence. The noise of the 
 sea was louder, and the gusts pealed like thunder through the 
 apertures. Amidst the fallen and sleeping revellers, the 
 confused and littered hall, the low and wavering torches, 
 Angharad, lovely always, shone with single and surpassing 
 loveliness. The gust died away in murmurs, and swelled again 
 into thunder, and died away in murmurs again ; and, as it 
 died away, mixed with the murmurs of ocean, a voice, that 
 seemed one of the many voices of the wind, pronounced the 
 ominous words, ' Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy.' 
 
 They looked at each other, as if questioning whether all 
 had heard alike. 
 
 ' Did you not hear a voice ? ' said Angharad, after a pause. 
 
 ' The same,' said Elphin, ' which has once before seemed to 
 say to me, " Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy." ' 
 
 Teithrin hurried forth on the rampart : Angharad turned 
 pale, and leaned against a pillar of the hall. Elphin was 
 amazed and awed, absorbed as his feelings were in her. The 
 sleepers on the floor made an uneasy movement, and uttered 
 an inarticulate cry. 
 
 Teithrin returned, ' What saw you .' ' said Elphin. 
 
 19 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Teithrin answered, 'A tempest is coming from the west, 
 The moon has waned three days, and is half hidden in clouds, 
 just visible above the mountains : the bank of clouds is black 
 in the west ; the scud is flying before them ; and the white 
 waves are rolling to the shore.' 
 
 'This is the highest of the spring-tides,' said Angharad, 
 ' and they are very terrible in the storms from the west, when 
 the spray flies over the embankment, and the breakers shake 
 the tower which has its foot in the surf' 
 
 ' Whence was the voice,' said Elphin, ' which we heard 
 erewhile ? Was it the cry of a sleeper in his drink, or an error 
 of the fancy, or a warning voice from the elements ? ' 
 
 ' It was surely nothing earthly,' said Angharad, ' nor was it 
 an error of the fancy, for we all heard the words, " Beware of 
 the oppression of Gwenhidwy." Often and often, in the storms 
 of the spring-tides, have I feared to see her roll her power over 
 the fields of Gwaelod.' 
 
 ' Pray heaven she do not to-night,' said Teithrin. 
 
 ' Can there be such a danger ? ' said Elphin. 
 
 ' I think,' said Teithrin, ' of the decay I have seen, and I 
 fear the voice I have heard.' 
 
 A long pause of deep silence ensued, during which they 
 heard the intermitting peals of the wind, and the increasing 
 sound of the rising sea, swelling progressively into wilder and 
 more menacing tumult, till, with one terrific impulse, the whole 
 violence of the equinoctial tempest seemed to burst upon the 
 shore. It was one of those tempests which occur once in 
 several centuries, and which, by their extensive devastations, 
 are chronicled to eternity ; for a storm that signalises its course 
 with extraordinary destruction, becomes as worthy of celebra- 
 tion as a hero for the same reason. The old bard seemed to 
 be of this opinion ; for the turmoil which appalled Elphin, and 
 terrified Angharad, fell upon his ears as the sound of inspiration : 
 the awen came upon him ; and, seizing his harp, he mingled 
 his voice and his music with the uproar of the elements : 
 
 THE SONG OF THE FOUR WINDS i 
 
 Wind from the north : the young spring day 
 Is pleasant on the sunny mead ; 
 
 ' This poem is a specimen of a numerous class of ancient Welsh poems, 
 in which each stanza begins with a repetition of the predominant idea, 
 
 20 
 
THE OPPRESSION OF GWENHIDWY 
 
 The merry harps at evening play ; 
 The dance gay youths and maidens lead : 
 The thrush makes chorus from the thorn : 
 The mighty drinker fills his horn. 
 
 Wind from the east : the shore is still ; 
 The mountain-clouds fly tow'rds the sea ; 
 The ice is on the winter-rill ; 
 The great hall fire is blazing free : 
 The prince's circling feast is spread : 
 Drink fills with fumes the brainless head. 
 
 Wind from the south : in summer shade 
 'Tis sweet to hear the loud harp ring ; 
 Sweet is the step of comely maid, 
 Who to the bard a cup doth bring : 
 The black crow flies where carrion lies : 
 Where pig-nuts lurk, the swine will work. 
 
 Wind from the west : the autumnal deep 
 Rolls on the shore its billowy pride : 
 He, who the rampart's watch must keep, 
 Will mark with awe the rising tide : 
 The high spring-tide, that bursts its mound. 
 May roll o'er miles of level ground. 
 
 Wind from the west : the mighty wave 
 Of ocean bounds o'er rock and sand ; 
 The foaming surges roar and rave 
 Against the bulwarks of the land : 
 When waves are rough, and winds are high, 
 Good is the land that's high and dry. 
 
 Wind from the west : the storm-clouds rise ; 
 The breakers rave ; the whirl-blasts roar. 
 The mingled rage of seas and skies 
 Bursts on the low and lonely shore : 
 When safety's far, and danger nigh. 
 Swift feet the readiest aid supply. 
 
 Wind from the west 
 
 and terminates with a proverb, more or less applicable to the subject. In 
 some poems, the sequency of the main images is regular and connected, 
 and the proverbial terminations strictly appropriate ; in others, the 
 sequency of the main images is loose and incoherent, and the proverbial 
 termination has little or nothing to do with the subject of the stanza. The 
 basis of the poem in the text is in the Englynion of Llwyarch Hfin. 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 His song was cut short by a tremendous crash. The tower, 
 which had its foot in the sea, had long been sapped by the 
 waves ; the storm had prematurely perfected the operation, 
 and the tower fell into the surf, carrying with it a portion of 
 the wall of the main building, and reveaUng, through the chasm, 
 the white raging of the breakers beneath the blackness of the 
 midnight storm. The wind rushed into the hall, extinguishing 
 the torches within the line of its course, tossing the grey locks 
 and loose mantle of the bard, and the light white drapery and 
 long black tresses of Angharad. With the crash of the falling 
 tower, and the simultaneous shriek of the women, the sleepers 
 started from the floor, staring with drunken amazement ; and, 
 shortly after, reeling like an Indian from the wine-rolling 
 Hydaspes,! in staggered Seithenyn ap Seithyn. 
 
 Seithenyn leaned against a pillar, and stared at the sea 
 through the rifted wall, with wild and vacant surprise. He 
 perceived that there was an innovation, and he felt that he was 
 injured : how, or by whom, he did not quite so clearly discern. 
 He looked at Elphin and Teithrin, at his daughter, and at the 
 members of his household, with a long and dismal aspect of 
 blank and mute interrogation, modified by the struggling con- 
 sciousness of puzzled self-importance, which seemed to require 
 from his chiefship some word of command in this incompre- 
 hensible emergency. But the longer he looked, the less clearly 
 he saw ; and the longer he pondered, the less he understood. 
 He felt the rush of the wind ; he saw the white foam of the 
 sea ; his ears were dizzy with their mingled roar. He re- 
 mained at length motionless, leaning against the pillar, and 
 gazing on the breakers with fixed and glaring vacancy. 
 
 ' The sleepers of Gwaelod,' said Elphin, ' they who sleep in 
 peace and security, trusting to the vigilance of Seithenyn, what 
 will become of them ? ' 
 
 ' Warn them with the beacon fire,' said Teithrin, ' if there 
 be fuel on the summit of the landward tower.' 
 
 ' That of course has been neglected too,' said Elphin. 
 
 ' Not so,' said Angharad, ' that has been my charge.' 
 
 ^ In the fourteenth and fifteenth books of the Dionysiaca of Nonnus, 
 Bacchus changes the river Astacis into wine ; and the multitudinous army 
 of water-drinking Indians, proceeding to quench their thirst in the stream, 
 become franticly drunk, and fall an easy prey to the Bacchic invaders. In 
 the thirty-fifth book, the experiment is repeated on the Hydaspes. ' Ainsi 
 conquesta Bacchus V Inde,' as Rabelais has it. 
 
THE OPPRESSION OF GWENHIDWY 
 
 Teithrin seized a torch, and ascended the eastern tower, 
 and, in a few minutes, the party in the hall beheld the breakers 
 reddening with the reflected fire, and deeper and yet deeper 
 crimson tinging the whirling foam, and sheeting the massy 
 darkness of the bursting waves. 
 
 Seithenyn turned his eyes on Elphin. His recollection of 
 him was extremely faint, and the longer he looked on him he 
 remembered him the less. He was conscious of the presence 
 of strangers, and of the occurrence of some signal mischief, 
 and associated the two circumstances in his dizzy perceptions 
 with a confused but close connection. He said at length, 
 looking sternly at Elphin, ' I do not know what right the wind 
 has to blow upon me here ; nor what business the sea has to 
 show itself here ; nor what business you have here : but one 
 thing is very evident, that either my castle or the sea is on 
 fire ; and I shall be glad to know who has done it, for terrible 
 shall be the vengeance of Seithenyn ap Seithyn. Show me 
 the enemy,' he pursued, drawing his sword furiously, and 
 flourishing it over his head, ' Show me the enemy ; show me 
 the enemy.' 
 
 An unusual tumult mingled with the roar of the waves ; a 
 sound, the same in kind, but greater in degree, with that pro- 
 duced by the loose stones of the beach, which are rolled to 
 and fro by the surf 
 
 Teithrin rushed into the hall, exclaiming, ' All is over ! the 
 mound is broken ; and the spring-tide is rolling through the 
 breach.' 
 
 Another portion of the castle wall fell into the mining waves, 
 and, by the dim and thickly-clouded moonlight, and the red 
 blaze of the beacon fire, they beheld a torrent pouring in from 
 the sea upon the plain, and rushing immediately beneath the 
 castle walls, which, as well as the points of the embankment 
 that formed the sides of the breach, continued to crumble away 
 into the waters. 
 
 ' Who has done this ? ' vociferated Seithenyn. ' Show me 
 the enemy.' 
 
 ' There is no enemy but the sea,' said Elphin, ' to which 
 you, in your drunken madness, have abandoned the land. 
 Think, if you can think, of what is passing in the plain. The 
 storm drowns the cries of your victims ; but the curses of the 
 perishing are upon you.' 
 
 23 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 ' Show me the enemy,' vociferated Seithenyn, flourishing 
 his sword more furiously. / 
 
 Angharad looked deprecatingly at Elphin, who abstaine/1 
 from further reply. ' 
 
 ' There is no enemy but the sea,' said Teithrin, ' against 
 which your sword avails not.' 
 
 ' Who dares to say so ? ' said Seithenyn. ' Who dare? to 
 say that there is an enemy on earth against whom the sword 
 of Seithenyn ap Seithyn is unavailing ? Thus, thus I ppve 
 the falsehood.' 
 
 And, springing suddenly forward, he leaped into the torient, 
 flourishing his sword as he descended. / 
 
 ' Oh, my unhappy father ! ' sobbed Angharad, veiling) her 
 face with her arm on the shoulder of one of her female attend- 
 ants, whom Elphin dexterously put aside, and substituted him- 
 self as the supporter of the desolate beauty. 
 
 ' We must quit the castle,' said Teithrin, ' or we shall be 
 buried in its ruins. We have but one path of safety, along the 
 summit of the embankment, if there be not another breach 
 between us and the high land, and if we can keep our footing 
 in this hurricane. But there is no alternative. The walls are 
 melting away like snow.' 
 
 The bard, who was now recovered from his awen, and 
 beginning to be perfectly alive to his own personal safety, con- 
 scious at the same time that the first duty of his privileged 
 order was to animate the less gifted multitude by examples of 
 right conduct in trying emergencies, was the first to profit by 
 Teithrin's admonition, and to make the best of his way through 
 the door that opened to the embankment, on which he had no 
 sooner set his foot than he was blown down by the wind, his 
 harp-strings ringing as he fell. He was indebted to the 
 impediment of his harp for not being rolled down the mound 
 into the waters which were rising within. 
 
 Teithrin picked him up, and admonished him to abandon 
 his harp to its fate, and fortify his steps with a spear. The 
 bard murmured objections : and even the reflection that he 
 could more easily get another harp than another life, did not 
 reconcile him to parting with his beloved companion. He got 
 over the difficulty by slinging his harp, cumbrous as it was, to 
 his left side, and taking a spear in his right hand. 
 
 Angharad, recovering from the first shock of Seithenyn's 
 24 
 
'Thus, thus I prove thej'alschood.' 
 
THE OPPRESSION OF GWENHIDWY 
 
 catastrophe, became awake to the imminent danger. The 
 spirit of the Cymric female, vigilant and energetic in peril, dis- 
 posed her and her attendant maidens to use their best exertions 
 for their own preservation. Following the advice and example 
 of Elphin and Teithrin, they armed themselves with spears, 
 which they took down from the walls. 
 
 Teithrin led the way, striking the point of his spear firmly 
 into the earth, and leaning from it on the wind : Angharad 
 followed in the same manner : Elphin followed Angharad, 
 looking as earnestly to her safety as was compatible with 
 moderate care of his own : the attendant maidens followed 
 Elphin ; and the bard, whom the result of his first experiment 
 had rendered unambitious of the van, followed the female train. 
 Behind them went the cupbearers, whom the accident of 
 sobriety had qualified to march : and behind them reeled and 
 roared those of the bacchanal rout who were able and willing 
 to move ; those more especially who had wives or daughters to 
 support their tottering steps. Some were incapable of locomo- 
 tion, and others, in the heroic madness of liquor, sat down to 
 await their destiny, as they finished the half-drained vessels. 
 
 The bard, who had somewhat of a picturesque eye, could 
 not help sparing a little leisure from the care of his body, to 
 observe the effects before him : the volumed blackness of the 
 storm ; the white bursting of the breakers in the faint and 
 scarcely perceptible moonlight ; the rushing and rising of the 
 waters within the mound ; the long floating hair and waving 
 drapery of the young women ; the red light of the beacon fire 
 falling on them firom behind ; the surf rolling up the side of 
 the embankment, and breaking almost at their feet ; the spray 
 flying above their heads ; and the resolution with which they 
 impinged the stony ground with their spears, and bore them- 
 selves up against the wind. 
 
 Thus they began their march. They had not proceeded 
 far, when the tide began to recede, the wind to abate some- 
 what of its violence, and the moon to look on them at intervals 
 through the rifted clouds, disclosing the desolation of the inun- 
 dated plain, silvering the tumultuous surf, gleaming on the 
 distant mountains, and revealing a lengthened prospect of their 
 solitary path, that lay in its irregular line like a ribbon on the 
 deep. 
 
 27 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 THE LAMENTATIONS OF GWYTHNO 
 
 Moiicrats avyKaTafiLyi/Os, 
 ijdi(rTav av^vyiav. 
 
 Euripides. 
 
 Not, though grief my age defaces, 
 Will I cease, in concert dear, 
 Blending still the gentle graces 
 With the muses more severe. 
 
 King Gwythno had feasted joyously, and had sung his new 
 ode to a chosen party of his admiring subjects, amidst their, 
 of course, enthusiastic applause. He heard the storm raging 
 without, as he laid himself down to rest : he thought it a very 
 hard case for those who were out in it, especially on the sea ; 
 congratulated himself on his own much more comfortable 
 condition ; and went to sleep with a pious reflection on the 
 goodness of Providence to himself. 
 
 He was roused from a pleasant dream by a confused and 
 tumultuous dissonance, that mingled with the roar of the 
 tempest. Rising with much reluctance, and looking forth from 
 his window, he beheld in the moonlight a half-naked multitude, 
 larger than his palace thrice multiplied could have contained, 
 pressing round the gates, and clamouring for admission and 
 shelter ; while beyond them his eye fell on the phenomenon 
 of stormy waters, rolling in the place of the fertile fields from 
 which he derived his revenue. 
 
 Gwythno, though a king and his own laureate, was not 
 without sympathy for the people who had the honour and 
 happiness of victualling his royal house, and he issued forth on 
 
 28 
 
THE LAMENTATIONS OF GWYTHNO 
 
 his balcony full of perplexities and alarms, stunned by the 
 sudden sense of the half-understood calamity, and his head 
 still dizzy from the effects of abruptly-broken sleep, and the 
 vapours of the overnight's glorious festival. 
 
 Gwythno was altogether a reasonably good sort of person, 
 and a poet of some note. His people were somewhat proud 
 of him on the latter score, and very fond of him on the former ; 
 for even the tenth part of those homely virtues, that decorate 
 the memories of 'husbands kind and fathers dear' in every 
 churchyard, are matters of plebeian admiration in the persons 
 of royalty ; and every tangible point in every such virtue so 
 located, becomes a convenient peg for the suspension of love 
 and loyalty. While, therefore, they were unanimous in 
 consigning the soul of Seithenyn to a place that no well-bred 
 divine will name to a polite congregation, they overflowed, in 
 the abundance of their own griefs, with a portion of sympathy 
 for Gwythno, and saluted him, as he issued forth on his 
 balcony, with a hearty Duw cadw y Brenin, or God save the 
 King, which he returned with a benevolent wave of the hand ; 
 but they followed it up by an intense vociferation for food and 
 lodging, which he received with a pitiful shake of the head. 
 
 Meanwhile the morning dawned : the green spots, that 
 peered with the ebbing tide above the waste of waters, only 
 served to indicate the irremediableness of the general 
 desolation. 
 
 Gywthno proceeded to hold a conference with his people, 
 as deliberately as the stormy state of the weather and their 
 minds, and the confusion of his own, would permit. The 
 result of the conference was, that they should use their best 
 exertions to catch some stray beeves, which had escaped the 
 inundation, and were lowing about the rocks in search of new 
 pastures. This measure was carried into immediate effect : 
 the victims were killed and roasted, carved, distributed, and 
 eaten, in a very Homeric fashion, and washed down with a 
 large portion of the contents of the royal cellars ; after which, 
 having more leisure to dwell on their losses, the fugitives of 
 Gwaelod proceeded to make loud lamentation, all collectively 
 for home and for country, and severally for wife or husband, 
 parent or child, whom the flood had made its victims. 
 
 In the midst of these lamentations arrived Elphin and 
 Angharad, with her bard and attendant maidens, and Teithrin 
 
 29 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 ap Tathral. Gwythno, after a consultation, despatched 
 Teithrin and Angharad's domestic bard on an embassy to the 
 court of Uther Pendragon, and to such of the smaller kings as 
 lay in the way, to solicit such relief as their several majesties 
 might be able and willing to afford to a king in distress. It 
 is said that the bard, finding a royal bardship vacant in a 
 more prosperous court, made the most of himself in the market, 
 and stayed where he was better fed and lodged than he could 
 expect to be in Caredigion ; but that Teithrin returned, with 
 many valuable gifts, and most especially one from Merlin, 
 being a hamper, which multiplied an hundredfold by morning 
 whatever was put into it overnight, so that, for a ham and a 
 flask put by in the evening, an hundred hams and an hundred 
 flasks were taken out in the morning. It is at least certain 
 that such a hamper is enumerated among the thirteen wonders 
 of Merlin's art, and, in the authentic catalogue thereof, is called 
 the Hamper of Gwythno. 
 
 Be this as it may, Gwythno, though shorn of the beams of 
 his revenue, kept possession of his palace. Elphin married 
 Angharad, and built a salmon-weir on the Mawddach, the 
 produce of which, with that of a series of beehives, of which 
 his princess and her maidens made mead, constituted for some 
 time the principal wealth and subsistence of the royal family of 
 Caredigion. 
 
 King Gwythno, while his son was delving or fishing, and 
 his daughter spinning or making mead, sat all day on the 
 rocks, with his harp between his knees, watching the rolling of 
 ocean over the locality of his past dominion, and pouring forth 
 his soul in pathetic song on the change of his own condition, 
 and the mutability of human things. Two of his songs of 
 lamentation have been preserved by tradition : they are the 
 only relics of his muse which time has spared. 
 
 GWYDDNAU EI CANT 
 
 PAN DDOAI Y MOR DROS CANTREV Y GWAELAWD 
 
 A SONG OF GWYTHNO GARANHIR 
 
 ON THE INUNDATION OF THE SEA OVER THE PLAIN OF 
 GWAELOD 
 
 Stand forth, Seithenyn : winds are high : 
 Look down beneath the lowering sky ; 
 
 3° 
 
THE LAMENTATIONS OF GWYTHNO 
 
 Look from the rock : what meets thy sight ? 
 Nought but the breakers rolling white. 
 
 Stand forth, Seithenyn : winds are still : 
 Look from the rock and heathy hill 
 For Gwythno's realm : what meets thy view ? 
 Nought but the ocean's desert blue. 
 
 Curst be the treacherous mound, that gave 
 A passage to the mining wave : 
 Curst be the cup, with mead-froth crowned, 
 That charmed from thought the trusted mound. 
 
 A tumult, and a cry to heaven ! 
 The white surf breaks ; the mound is riven : 
 Through the wide rift the ocean-spring 
 Bursts with tumultuous ravaging. 
 
 The western ocean's stormy might 
 Is curling o'er the rampart's height : 
 Destruction strikes with want and scorn 
 Presumption, from abundance born. 
 
 The tumult of the western deep 
 Is on the winds, affrighting sleep : 
 It thunders at my chamber-door ; 
 It bids me wake, to sleep no more. 
 
 The tumult of the midnight sea 
 Swells inland, wildly, fearfully : 
 The mountain-caves respond its shocks 
 Among the unaccustomed rocks. 
 
 The tumult of the vext sea-coast 
 Rolls inland like an armed host : 
 It leaves, for flocks and fertile land, 
 But foaming waves and treacherous sand. 
 
 The wild sea rolls where long have been 
 Glad homes of men, and pastures green : 
 To arrogance and wealth succeed 
 Wide ruin and avenging need. 
 
 Seithenyn, come : I call in vain : 
 The high of birth and weak of brain 
 Sleeps under ocean's lonely roar 
 Between the rampart and the shore. 
 
 31 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 The eternal waste of waters, spread 
 Above his unrespected head, 
 The blue expanse, with foam besprent. 
 Is his too glorious monument. 
 
 ANOTHER SONG OF GWYTHNO 
 
 I love the green and tranquil shore ; 
 I hate the ocean's dizzy roar. 
 Whose devastating spray has flown 
 High o'er the monarch's barrier-stone. 
 
 Sad was the feast, which he who spread 
 Is numbered with the inglorious dead ; 
 The feast within the torchlit hall. 
 While stormy breakers mined the wall. 
 
 To him repentance came too late : 
 In cups the chatterer met his fate : 
 Sudden and sad the doom that burst 
 On him and me, but mine the worst. 
 
 I love the shore, and hate the deep : 
 The wave has robbed my nights of sleep : 
 The heart of man is cheered by wine ; 
 But now the wine-cup cheers not mine. 
 
 The feast, which bounteous hands dispense. 
 Makes glad the soul, and charms the sense : 
 But in the circling feast I know 
 The coming of my deadliest foe. 
 
 Blest be the rock, whose foot supplied 
 A step to them that fled the tide ; 
 The rock of bards, on whose rude steep 
 I bless the shore, and hate the deep. 
 
 ' The sigh of Gwythno Garanhir when the breakers ploughed 
 up his land ' i is the substance of a proverbial distich, which 
 may still be heard on the coast of Merioneth and Cardigan, to 
 express the sense of an overwhelming calamity. The curious 
 investigator may still land on a portion of the ancient stony 
 rampart ; which stretches, off the point of Mochres, far out 
 into Cardigan Bay, nine miles of the summit being left dry, 
 
 ' Ochenaid Gwyddnau Garanhir 
 Pan droes y don dros ei dir. 
 
 32 
 
THE LAMENTATIONS OF GWYTHNO 
 
 in calm weather, by the low water of the spring-tides ; and 
 which is now called Sam Badrig, or St. Patrick's Causeway. 
 
 Thus the kingdom of Caredigion fell into ruin : its people 
 were destroyed, or turned out of house and home ; and its 
 royal family were brought to a condition in which they found 
 it difficult to get loaves to their fishes. We, who live in more 
 enlightened times, amidst the 'gigantic strides of intellect,' 
 when offices of public trust are so conscientiously and zealously 
 discharged, and so vigilantly checked and superintended, may 
 wonder at the wicked negligence of Seithenyn ; at the sophisms 
 with which, in his liquor, he vindicated his system, and pro- 
 nounced the eulogium of his old dilapidations, and at the blind 
 confidence of Gwythno and his people in this virtual guardian 
 of their lives and property : happy that our own public 
 guardians are too virtuous to act or talk like Seithenyn, and 
 that we ourselves are too wise not to perceive, and too free not 
 to prevent it, if they should be so disposed. 
 
 33 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 THE PRIZE OF THE WEIR 
 
 Weave a circle round him thrice, 
 And close your eyes with holy dread ; 
 For he on honey-dew hath fed, 
 And drank the milk of paradise. 
 
 Coleridge. 
 
 Prince Elphin constructed his salmon-weir on the Mawddach 
 at the point where the fresh water met the top of the spring- 
 tides. He built near it a dwelling for himself and Angharad, 
 for which the old king Gwythno gradually deserted his palace. 
 An amphitheatre of rocky mountains enclosed a pastoral valley. 
 The meadows gave pasture to a few cows ; and the flowers of 
 the mountain-heath yielded store of honey to the bees of many 
 hives, which were tended by Angharad and her handmaids. 
 Elphin had also some sheep, which wandered on the mountains. 
 The worst was, they often wandered out of reach ; but, when 
 he could not find his sheep, he brought down a wild goat, 
 the venison of Gwyneth. The woods and turbaries supplied 
 unlimited fuel. The straggling cultivators who had escaped 
 from the desolation of Gwaelod, and settled themselves above 
 the level of the sea, on a few spots propitious to the plough, 
 still acknowledged their royalty, and paid them tribute in com. 
 But their principal wealth was fish. Elphin was the first 
 Briton who caught fish on a large scale, and salted them for 
 other purposes than home consumption. 
 
 The weir was thus constructed : a range of piles crossed the 
 river from shore to shore, slanting upwards from both shores, 
 and meeting at an angle in the middle of the river. A little 
 
 34 
 
In the coracle lay a sleeping child, clothed in splendid apparel 
 
THE PRIZE OF THE WEIR 
 
 down the stream a second range of piles crossed the river in 
 the same manner, having towards the middle several wide 
 intervals with light wicker gates, which, meeting at an angle, 
 were held together by the current, but were so constructed as 
 to yield easily to a very light pressure from below. These 
 gates gave all fish of a certain magnitude admission to a 
 chamber, from which they could neither advance nor retreat, 
 and from which, standing on a narrow bridge attached to the 
 lower piles, Elphin baled them up at leisure. The smaller 
 fish passed freely up and down the river through the interstices 
 of the piles. This weir was put together in the early summer, 
 and taken to pieces and laid by in the autumn. 
 
 Prince Elphin, one fine July night, was sleepless and 
 troubled in spirit. His fishery had been beyond all precedent 
 unproductive, and the obstacle which this circumstance opposed 
 to his arrangements for victualling his little garrison kept him 
 for the better half of the night vigilant in unprofitable cogita- 
 tion. Soon after the turn of midnight, when dreams are true, 
 he was startled from an incipient doze by a sudden cry of 
 Angharad, who had been favoured with a vision of a miraculous 
 draught of fish. Elphin, as a drowning man catches at a 
 straw, caught at the shadowy promise of Angharad's dream, 
 and at once, beneath the clear light of the just-waning moon, 
 he sallied forth with his princess to examine his weir. 
 
 The weir was built across the stream of the river, just above 
 the flow of the ordinary tides ; but the spring-tide had opened 
 the wicker gates, and had floated up a coracle ^ between a pair 
 of them, which closing, as the tide turned, on the coracle's 
 nose, retained it within the chamber of the weir, at the same 
 time that it kept the gates sufficiently open to permit the 
 escape of any fish that might have entered the chamber. The 
 great prize, which undoubtedly might have been there when 
 Angharad dreamed of it, was gone to a fish. 
 
 Elphin, little pleased, stepped on the narrow bridge, and 
 opened the gates with a pole that terminated piscatorially in a 
 hook. The coracle began dropping down the stream. Elphin 
 arrested its course, and guided it to land. 
 
 In the coracle lay a sleeping child, clothed in splendid 
 
 apparel. Angharad took it in her arms. The child opened 
 
 its eyes, and stretched its little arms towards her with a smile ; 
 
 ^ A small boat of basketwork, sheathed with leather. 
 
 37 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 and she uttered, in delight and wonder at its surpassing beauty, 
 the exclamation of ' Taliesin ! ' ' Radiant brow ! ' 
 
 Elphin, nevertheless, looked very dismal on finding no food, 
 and an additional mouth ; so dismal, that his physiognomy on 
 that occasion passed into a proverb : ' As rueful as Elphin 
 when he found Taliesin.' i 
 
 In after years, Taliesin, being on the safe side of prophecy, 
 and writing after the event, addressed a poem to Elphin, in 
 the character of the foundling of the coracle, in which he 
 supposes himself, at the moment of his discovery, to have 
 addressed Elphin as follows : 
 
 DYHUDDIANT ELFFIN 
 
 THE CONSOLATION OF ELPHIN 
 
 Lament not, Elphin : do not measure 
 By one brief hour thy loss or gain : 
 Thy weir to-night has borne a treasure, 
 Will more than pay thee years of pain. 
 St. Cynllo's aid will not be vain : 
 Smooth thy bent brow, and cease to mourn : 
 Thy weir will never bear again 
 Such wealth as it to-night has borne. 
 
 The stormy seas, the silent rivers, 
 The torrents down the steeps that spring, 
 Alike of weal or woe are givers, 
 As pleases heaven's immortal king. 
 Though frail I seem, rich gifts I bring. 
 Which in Time's ftilness shall appear, 
 Greater than if the stream should fling 
 Three hundred salmon in thy weir. 
 
 Cast off this fruitless sorrow, loading 
 With heaviness the unmanly mind : 
 Despond not ; mourn not ; evil boding 
 Creates the ill it fears to find. 
 When fates are dark, and most unkind 
 Are they who most should do thee right, 
 Then wilt thou know thine eyes were blind 
 To thy good fortune of to-night. 
 
 ' Mor drist ac Elffin pan gavod Taliesin. 
 38 
 
THE PRIZE OF THE WEIR 
 
 Though, small and feeble, from my coracle 
 To thee my helpless hands I spread. 
 Yet in me breathes a holy oracle 
 To bid thee lift thy drooping head. 
 When hostile steps around thee tread, 
 A spell of power my voice shall wield, 
 That, more than arms with slaughter red. 
 Shall be thy refuge and thy shield. 
 
 Two years after this event, Angharad presented Elphin 
 with a daughter, whom they named Melanghel. The fishery 
 prospered ; and the progress of cultivation and population 
 among the more fertile parts of the mountain districts brought 
 in a little revenue to the old king. 
 
 39 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 THE EDUCATION OF TALIESIN 
 
 The three objects of intellect : the true, the beautiful, and the beneficial 
 The three foundations of wisdom : youth, to acquire learning ; mem- 
 ory, to retain learning ; and genius, to illustrate learning. — Triads of 
 Wisdom. 
 
 The three primary requisites of poetical genius : an eye, that can see 
 nature ; a heart, that can feel nature ; and a resolution, that dares follow 
 nature. — Triads of Poetry. 
 
 As Taliesin grew up, Gwythno instructed him in all the know- 
 ledge of the age, which was of course not much, in comparison 
 with ours. The science of political economy was sleeping in 
 the womb of time. The advantage of growing rich by getting 
 into debt and paying interest was altogether unknown : the 
 safe and economical currency, which is produced by a man 
 writing his name on a bit of paper, for which other men give 
 him their property, and which he is always ready to exchange 
 for another bit of paper, of an equally safe and economical 
 manufacture, being also equally ready to render his own 
 person, at a moment's notice, as impalpable as the metal which 
 he promises to pay, is a stretch of wisdom to which the people 
 of those days had nothing to compare. They had no steam- 
 engines, with fires as eternal as those of the nether world, 
 wherein the squalid many, from infancy to age, might be 
 turned into component portions of machinery for the benefit 
 of the purple-faced few. They could neither poison the air 
 with gas, nor the waters with its dregs : in short, they made 
 their money of metal, and breathed pure air, and drank pure 
 water, like unscientific barbarians. 
 
 Of moral science they had little ; but morals, without 
 science, they had about the same as we have. They had 
 
 40 
 
THE EDUCATION OF TALIESIN 
 
 a number of fine precepts, partly from their religion, partly 
 from their bards, which they remembered in their liquor, and 
 forgot in their business. 
 
 Political science they had none. The blessings of virtual 
 representation were not even, dreamed of; so that, when any 
 of their barbarous metallic currency got into their pockets or 
 coffers, it had a chance to remain there, subjecting them to the 
 inconvenience of unemployed capital. Still they went to work 
 politically much as we do. The powerful took all they could 
 get from their subjects and neighbours ; and called something 
 or other sacred and glorious, when they wanted the people to 
 fight for them. They repressed disaffection by force, when it 
 showed itself in an overt act ; but they encouraged freedom of 
 speech, when it was, like Hamlet's reading, ' words, words, 
 words.' 
 
 There was no liberty of the press, because there was no 
 press ; but there was liberty of speech to the bards, whose 
 persons were inviolable, and the general motto of their order 
 was Y GwiR YN ERBYN Y Byd : the Truth against the World. 
 If many of them, instead of acting up to this splendid pro- 
 fession, chose to advance their personal fortunes by appealing 
 to the selfishness, the passions, and the prejudices of kings, 
 factions, and the rabble, our free press gentry may afford them 
 a little charity out of the excess of their own virtue. 
 
 In physical science, they supplied the place of knowledge 
 by converting conjectures into dogmas ; an art which is not 
 yet lost. They held that the earth was the centre of the 
 universe ; that an immense ocean surrounded the earth ; that 
 the sky was a vast frame resting on the ocean ; that the circle 
 of their contact was a mystery of infinite mist ; with a great 
 deal more of cosmogony and astronomy, equally correct and 
 profound, which answered the same purpose as our more correct 
 and profound astronomy answers now, that of elevating the mind, 
 as the eidouranion lecturers have it, to sublime contemplations. 
 
 Medicine was cultivated by the Druids, and it was just 
 as much a science with them as with us ; but they had not the 
 wit or the means to make it a flourishing trade ; the principal 
 means to that end being women with nothing to do, articles 
 which especially belong to a high state of civilisation. 
 
 The laws lay in a small compass : every bard had those of 
 his own community by heart. The king, or chief, was the 
 
 41 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 judge ; the plaintiff and defendant told their own story ; and 
 the cause was disposed of in one hearing. We may well 
 boast of the progress of light, when we turn from this picture 
 to the statutes at large, and the Court of Chancery; and we 
 may indulge in a pathetic reflection on our sweet-faced myriads 
 of ' learned friends,' who would be under the unpleasant 
 necessity of suspending themselves by the neck, if this barbaric 
 ' practice of the courts ' were suddenly revived. 
 
 The religion of the time was Christianity grafted on 
 Druidism. The Christian faith had been very early preached 
 in Britain. Some of the Welsh historians are of opinion that 
 it was first preached by some of the apostles : most probably 
 by St. John. They think the evidence inconclusive with respect 
 to St. Paul. But, at any rate, the faith had made consider- 
 able progress among the Britons at the period of the arrival 
 of Hengist ; for many goodly churches, and, what was still 
 better, richly-endowed abbeys, were flourishing in many places. 
 The British clergy were, however, very contumacious towards 
 the see of Rome, and would only acknowledge the spiritual 
 authority of the archbishopric of Caer Lleon, which was, 
 during many centuries, the primacy of Britain. St. Augustin, 
 when he came over, at a period not long subsequent to that of 
 the present authentic history, to preach Christianity to the 
 Saxons, who had for the most part held fast to their Odinism, 
 had also the secondary purpose of making them instruments 
 for teaching the British clergy submission to Rome : as a 
 means to which end, the newly-converted Saxons set upon the 
 monastery of Bangor Iscoed, and put its twelve hundred 
 monks to the sword. This was the first overt act in which the 
 Saxons set forth their new sense of a religion of peace. It is 
 alleged, indeed, that these twelve hundred monks supported 
 themselves by the labour of their own hands. If they did so, 
 it was, no doubt, a gross heresy ; but whether it deserved the 
 castigation it received from St. Augustin's proselytes, may be 
 a question in polemics. 
 
 As the people did not read the Bible, and had no religious 
 tracts, their religion, it may be assumed, was not very pure. 
 • The rabble of Britons must have seen little more than the 
 superficial facts, that the lands, revenues, privileges, and so 
 forth, which once belonged to Druids and so forth, now 
 belonged to abbots, bishops, and so forth, who, like their 
 
 42 
 
Initiated him in these mysteries. 
 
THE EDUCATION OF TALIESIN 
 
 extruded precursors, walked occasionally in a row, chanting 
 unintelligible words, and never speaking in common language 
 but to exhort the people to fight ; having, indeed, better 
 notions than their predecessors of building, apparel, and 
 cookery ; and a better knowledge of the means of obtaining 
 good wine, and of the final purpose for which it was made. 
 
 They were observant of all matters of outward form, and 
 tradition even places among them personages who were worthy 
 to have founded a society for the suppression of vice. It is 
 recorded, in the Triads, that ' Gwrgi Garwlwyd killed a male 
 and female of the Cymry daily, and devoured them ; and, on 
 the Saturday, he killed two of each, that he might not kill on 
 the Sunday.' This can only be a type of some sanctimonious 
 hero, who made a cloak of piety for oppressing the poor. 
 
 But, even among the Britons, in many of the least populous 
 and most mountainous districts, Druidism was still struggling 
 with Christianity. The lamb had driven the wolf from the 
 rich pastures of the valleys to the high places of the wilder- 
 ness, where the rites and mysteries of the old religion 
 flourished in secrecy, and where a stray proselyte of the new 
 light was occasionally caught and roasted for the glory of 
 Andraste. 
 
 Taliesin, worshipping Nature in her wildest solitudes, often 
 strayed away for days from the dwelling of Elphin, and 
 penetrated the recesses of Eryri,i where one especial spot on 
 the banks of Lake Ceirionydd became the favourite haunt of 
 his youth. In these lonely recesses, he became familiar with 
 Druids, who initiated him in their mysteries, which, like all 
 other mysteries, consisted of a quantity of allegorical mummery, 
 pretending to be symbolical of the immortality of the soul, and 
 of its progress through various stages of being ; interspersed 
 with a little, too literal, ducking and singeing of the aspirant, 
 by way of trying his mettle, just enough to put him in fear, but 
 not in risk of his hfe. 
 
 That Taliesin was thoroughly initiated in these mysteries is 
 evident from several of his poems, which have neither head 
 nor tail, and which, having no sense in any other point of 
 view, must necessarily, as a learned mythologist has de- 
 monstrated, be assigned to the class of theology in which an 
 occult sense can be found or made for them, according to the 
 ' Snowdoa 
 
 45 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 views of the expounder. One of them, a shade less obscure 
 than its companions, unquestionably adumbrates the Druidical 
 doctrine of transmigration. According to this poem, Taliesin 
 had been with the cherubim at the fall of Lucifer, in Paradise 
 at the fall of man, and with Alexander at the fall of Babylon ; 
 in the ark with Noah, and in the milky way with Tetra- 
 grammaton ; and in many other equally marvellous or memor- 
 able conditions : showing that, though the names and histories 
 of the new religion were adopted, its doctrines had still to be 
 learned ; and, indeed, in all cases of this description, names 
 are changed more readily than doctrines, and doctrines more 
 readily than ceremonies. 
 
 When any of the Romans or Saxons, who invaded the 
 island, fell into the hands of the Britons, before the introduc- 
 tion of Christianity, they were handed over to the Druids, 
 who sacrificed them, with pious ceremonies, to their goddess 
 Andraste. These human sacrifices have done much injury to 
 the Druidical character, amongst us, who never practise them 
 in the same way. They lacked, it must be confessed, some of 
 our light, and also some of our prisons. They lacked some of 
 our light, to enable them to perceive that the act of coming, 
 in great multitudes, with fire and sword, to the remote dwell- 
 ings of peaceable men, with the premeditated design of cutting 
 their throats, ravishing their wives and daughters, killing their 
 children, and appropriating their worldly goods, belongs, not 
 to the department of murder and robbery, but to that of 
 legitimate war, of which all the practitioners are gentlemen, 
 and entitled to be treated like gentlemen. They lacked some 
 of our prisons, in which our philanthropy has provided accom- 
 modation for so large a portion of our own people, wherein, if 
 they had left their prisoners alive, they could have kept them 
 from returning to their countrymen, and being at their old 
 tricks again immediately. They would also, perhaps, have 
 found some difficulty in feeding them, from the lack of the 
 county rates, by which the most sensible and amiable part of 
 our nation, the country squires, contrive to coop up, and feed, 
 at the public charge, all who meddle with the wild animals of 
 which they have given themselves the monopoly. But as the 
 Druids could neither lock up their captives, nor trust them at 
 large, the darkness of their intellect could suggest no alterna- 
 tive to the process they adopted, of putting them out of the 
 
 46 
 
THE EDUCATION OF TALIESIN 
 
 way, which they did with all the sanctions of religion and law. 
 If one of these old Druids could have slept, like the seven 
 sleepers of Ephesus, and awaked, in the nineteenth century, 
 some fine morning near Newgate, the exhibition of some half- 
 dozen funipendulous forgers might have shocked the tender 
 bowels of his humanity as much as one of his wicker baskets 
 of captives in the flames shocked those of Caesar ; and it would, 
 perhaps, have been difficult to convince him that paper credit 
 was not an idol, and one of a more sanguinary character than 
 his Andraste. The Druids had their view of these matters, 
 and we have ours ; and it does not comport with the steam- 
 engine speed of our march of mind to look at more than one 
 side of a question. 
 
 The people lived in darkness and vassalage. They were 
 lost in the grossness of beef and ale. They had no pamphlet- 
 eering societies to demonstrate that reading and writing are 
 better than meat and drink ; and they were utterly destitute 
 of the blessings of those ' schools for all,' the house of correc- 
 tion, and the treadmill, wherein the autochthonal justice of our 
 agrestic kakistocracy now castigates the heinous sins which 
 were then committed with impunity, of treading on old foot- 
 paths, picking up dead wood, and moving on the face of the 
 earth within sound of the whir of a partridge. 
 
 The learning of the time was confined to the bards. It 
 consisted in a somewhat complicated art of versification ; in a 
 great number of pithy apophthegms, many of which have been 
 handed down to posterity under the title of the Wisdom of 
 Catog ; in an interminable accumulation of Triads, in which 
 form they bound up all their knowledge, physical, traditional, 
 and mythological ; and in a mighty condensation of mysticism, 
 being the still-cherished relics of the Druidical rites and 
 doctrines. 
 
 The Druids were the sacred class of the bardic order. 
 Before the change of religion, it was by far the most numerous 
 class ; for the very simple reason, that there was most to be 
 got by it : all ages and nations having been sufficiently en- 
 lightened to make the trade of priest more profitable than that 
 of poet. During this period, therefore, it was the only class 
 that much attracted the notice of foreigners. After the change 
 of religion, the denomination was retained as that of the second 
 class of the order. The Bardd Braint, or Bard of Presidency, 
 
 47 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 was of the ruling order, and wore a robe of sky-blue. The 
 Derwydd, or Druid, wore a robe of white. The Ovydd, or 
 Ovate, was of the class of initiation, and wore a robe of green. 
 The Awenyddion, or disciples, the candidates for admission 
 into the Bardic order, wore a variegated dress of the three 
 colours, and were passed through a very severe moral and 
 intellectual probation. 
 
 Gwythno was a Bardd Braint, or Bard of Presidency, and 
 as such he had full power in his own person, without the inter- 
 vention of a Bardic Congress, to make his Awenydd or disciple, 
 Taliesin, an Ovydd or Ovate, which he did accordingly. 
 Angharad, under the old king's instructions, prepared the 
 green robe of the young aspirant's investiture. He afterwards 
 acquired the white robe amongst the Druids of Eryri. 
 
 In all Bardic learning, Gwythno was profound. All that 
 he knew he taught to Taliesin. The youth drew in the 
 draughts of inspiration among the mountain forests and the 
 mountain streams, and grew up under the roof of Elphin, in 
 the perfection of genius and beauty. 
 
 48 
 
'- '~K 
 
 
 
 M'M?^.M'^^)^^^'^s-^^ 
 
 Elphin -mas impressed into roya.1 favour. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 THE HUNTINGS OF MAELGON 
 
 alel t4 /ih fj, t6 3^ iieBlaraTai, KaKbv, 
 rb S' iKwi(privei> airlK i^ ^PXV^ viov. 
 
 Euripides. 
 
 One ill is ever clinging ; 
 One treads upon its heels ; 
 A third, in distance springing, 
 Its fearful front reveals. 
 
 GWYTHNO slept, not with his fathers, for they were under the 
 sea, but as near to them as was found convenient, within the 
 sound of the breakers that rolled over their ancient dwellings. 
 Elphin was now king of Caredigion, and was lord of a large 
 but thinly -peopled tract of rock, mountain, forest, and bog. 
 He held his sovereignty, however, not, as Gwythno had done 
 during the days of the glory of Gwaelod, by that most indis- 
 putable sort of right which consists in might, but by the more 
 precarious tenure of the absence of inclination in any of his 
 brother kings to take away anything he had. 
 
 Uther Pendragon, like Gwythno, went the way of all flesh, 
 and Arthur reigned in Caer Lleon, as king of the kings of 
 Britain. Maelgon Gwyneth was then king of that part of 
 North Wales which bordered on the kingdom of Caredigion. 
 
 Maelgon was a mighty hunter, and roused the echoes of 
 the mountains with horn and with hound. He went forth to 
 the chase as to war, provisioned for days and weeks, supported 
 by bard and butler, and all the apparel of princely festivity. 
 He pitched his tents in the forest of Snowdon, by the shore of 
 lake or torrent ; and, after hunting all the day, he feasted half 
 the night. The light of his torches gleamed on the foam of 
 
 SI 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 the cataracts, and the sound of harp and song was mingled 
 with their midnight roar. 
 
 When not thus employed, he was either feasting in his 
 castle of Diganwy, on the Conwy, or fighting with any of the 
 neighbouring kings who had anything which he wanted, and 
 which he thought himself strong enough to take from them. 
 
 Once, towards the close of autumn, he carried the tumult 
 of the chase into the recesses of Meirion. The consonance, 
 or dissonance, of men and dogs outpealed the noise of the 
 torrents among the rocks and woods of the Mawddach. 
 Elphin and Teithrin were gone after the sheep or goats in the 
 mountains ; Taliesin was absent on the borders of his favourite 
 lake ; Angharad and Melanghel were alone. The careful 
 mother, alarmed at the unusual din, and knowing, by rumour, 
 of what materials the Nimrods of Britain were made, fled, 
 with her daughter and handmaids, to the refuge of a deeply- 
 secluded cavern, which they had long before noted as a safe 
 retreat from peril. As they ascended the hills that led to the 
 cavern, they looked back, at intervals, through the openings of 
 the woods, to the growing tumult on the opposite side of the 
 valley. The wild goats were first seen, flying in all directions, 
 taking prodigious leaps from crag to crag, now and then 
 facing about, and rearing themselves on their hind legs, as if 
 in act to butt, and immediately thinking better of it, and 
 springing away on all fours among the trees. Next, the more 
 rare spectacle of a noble stag presented itself on the summit 
 of a projecting rock, pausing a moment to snuff the air, then 
 bounding down the most practicable slope to the valley. Next, 
 on the summit which the stag had just deserted, appeared a 
 solitary huntsman, sitting on a prancing horse, and waking a 
 hundred echoes with the blast of his horn. Next rushed into 
 view the main body of the royal company, and the two-legged 
 and four-legged avalanche came thundering down on the track 
 of the flying prey : not without imminent hazard of broken 
 necks ; though the mountain-bred horses, which possessed by 
 nature almost the surefootedness of mules, had finished their 
 education under the first professors of the age. 
 
 The stag swam the river, and stood at bay before the 
 dwelling of Elphin, where he was in due time despatched by 
 the conjoint valour of dog and man. The royal train burst 
 into the solitary dwelling, where, finding nothing worthy of 
 
 52 
 
' Whither lead you, my friend ? My horse can no longer keep his footing.' 
 
THE HUNTINGS OF MAELGON 
 
 much note, excepting a large store of salt salmon and mead, 
 they proceeded to broil and tap, and made fearful havoc 
 among the family's winter provision. Elphin and Teithrin, 
 returning to their expected dinner, stood aghast on the 
 threshold of their plundered sanctuary. Maelgon conde- 
 scended to ask them who they were ; and, learning Elphin's 
 name and quality, felt himself bound to return his involuntary 
 hospitality by inviting him to Diganwy. So strong was his 
 sense of justice on this head, that, on Elphin's declining the 
 invitation, which Maelgon ascribed to modesty, he desired two 
 of his grooms to take him up and carry him off. 
 
 So Elphin was impressed into royal favour, and was feasted 
 munificently in the castle of Diganwy. Teithrin brought home 
 the ladies from the cavern, and, during the absence of Elphin, 
 looked after the sheep and goats, and did his master's business 
 as well as his own. 
 
 One evening, when the royal 'nowle' was 'tottie of the 
 must,' while the bards of Maelgon were singing the praises of 
 their master, and of all and everything that belonged to him, 
 as the most eximious and transcendent persons and things of 
 the superficial garniture of the earth, Maelgon said to Elphin, 
 ' My bards say that I am the best and bravest of kings, that 
 my queen is the most beautiful and chaste of women, and that 
 they themselves, by virtue of belonging to me, are the best 
 and wisest of bards. Now what say you on these heads ? ' 
 
 This was a perplexing question to Elphin, who, neverthe- 
 less, answered : ' That you are the best and bravest of kings I 
 do not in the least doubt ; yet I cannot think that any woman 
 surpasses my own wife in beauty and chastity ; or that any 
 bard equals my bard in genius and wisdom.' 
 
 ' Hear you him, Rhun ? ' said Maelgon. 
 
 ' I hear,' said Rhun, ' and mark.' 
 
 Rhun was the son of Maelgon, and a worthy heir-apparent 
 of his illustrious sire. Rhun set out the next morning on an 
 embassy very similar to Tarquin's, accompanied by only one 
 attendant. They lost their way and each other, among the 
 forests of Meirion. The attendant, after riding about some 
 time in great trepidation, thought he heard the sound of a 
 harp, mixed with the roar of the torrents, and following its 
 indications, came at length within sight of an oak -fringed pre- 
 cipice, on the summit of which stood Taliesin, playing and 
 
 55 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 singing to the winds and waters. The attendant could not 
 approach him without dismounting ; therefore, tying his horse 
 to a branch, he ascended the rock, and, addressing the young 
 bard, inquired his way to the dwelling of Elphin. Taliesin, in 
 return, inquired his business there ; and, partly by examination, 
 partly by divination, ascertained his master's name, and the 
 purport of his visit. 
 
 Taliesin deposited his harp in a dry cavern of the rock, and 
 undertook to be the stranger's guide. The attendant re- 
 mounted his horse, and Taliesin preceded him on foot. But 
 the way by which he led him grew more and more rugged, till 
 the stranger called out, ' Whither lead you, my friend ? My 
 horse can no longer keep his footing.' 'There is no other 
 way,' said Taliesin. ' But give him to my management, and 
 do you follow on foot.' The attendant consented. Tahesin 
 mounted the horse, and presently struck into a more practic- 
 able track ; and immediately giving the horse the reins, he 
 disappeared among the woods, leaving the unfortunate equerry 
 to follow as he might, with no better guide than the uncertain 
 recollection of the sound of his horse's heels. 
 
 Taliesin reached home before the arrival of Rhun, and 
 warned Angharad of the mischief that was designed her. 
 
 Rhun, arriving at his destination, found only a handmaid 
 dressed as Angharad, and another officiating as her attendant. 
 The fictitious princess gave him a supper, and everything else 
 he asked for ; and, at parting in the morning, a lock of her 
 hair, and a ring, which Angharad had placed on her finger. 
 
 After riding a short distance on his return, Rhun met his 
 unlucky attendant, torn, tired, and half-starved, and cursing 
 some villain who had stolen his horse. Rhun was too happy 
 in his own success to have a grain of sympathy for his miser- 
 able follower, whom he left to find his horse and his way, or 
 either, or neither, as he might, and returned alone to Diganwy. 
 
 Maelgon exultingly laid before Elphin the proof of his 
 wife's infidelity. Elphin examined the lock of hair, and 
 listened to the narration of Rhfln. He divined at once the 
 trick that had been put upon the prince ; but he contented 
 himself with saying, ' I do not believe that Rhun has received 
 the favours of Angharad ; and I still think that no wife in 
 Britain, not even the queen of Maelgon Gwyneth, is more 
 chaste or more beautiful than mine.' 
 
 S6 
 
Shs gave hmi a supper. 
 
THE HUNTINGS OF MAELGON 
 
 Hereupon Maelgon waxed wroth. Elphin, in a point which 
 much concerned him, held a behef of his own, different from 
 that which his superiors in worldly power required him to hold. 
 Therefore Maelgon acted as the possessors of worldly power 
 usually act in similar cases : he locked Elphin up within four 
 stone walls, with an intimation that he should keep him there 
 till he pronounced a more orthodox opinion on the question in 
 dispute. 
 
 59 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 THE LOVE OF MELANGHEL 
 
 dXXi Teats iroKdix-qci ixaxflli^ova Oipirov &dpav, 
 alBipos a|ia ^li^oV iirel Aiis d/ji^poros a.i\T] 
 oil (re irbvuiv dTrdvevBe SeS^Jeraf oi55^ <ro(.''Clpai. 
 /u^TTU dcSXeiJo-acTt 7r!5Xas ■Kerdauiai.v 'OXiJ^HTrou. 
 
 Grasp the bold thyrsus ; seek the field's array ; 
 
 And do things worthy of ethereal day : 
 
 Not without toil to earthbom man befalls 
 
 To tread the floors of Jove's immortal halls : 
 
 Never to him, who not by deeds has striven, 
 
 Will the bright Hours roll back the gates of heaven. 
 
 Iris to Bacchus, in the \'ith Book of the 
 
 DiONYSIACA OF NONNUS. 
 
 The household of Elphin was sufficiently improsperous during 
 the absence of its chief. The havoc which Maelgon's visita- 
 tion had made in their winter provision, it required the utmost 
 exertions of their collective energies to repair. Even the 
 young princess Melanghel sallied forth, in the garb of a 
 huntress, to strike the deer or the wild goat among the wintry 
 forests, on the summits of the bleak crags, or in the valleys of 
 the flooded streams. 
 
 Taliesin, on these occasions, laid aside his harp, and the 
 robe of his order, and accompanied the princess with his hunt- 
 ing spear, and more succinctly apparelled. 
 
 Their retinue, it may be supposed, was neither very 
 numerous nor royal, nor their dogs very thoroughbred. It 
 sometimes happened that the deer went one way, the dogs 
 another ; the attendants, losing sight of both, went a third, 
 leaving Taliesin, who never lost sight of Melanghel, alone with 
 her among the hills. 
 
 60 
 
THE LOVE OF MELANGHEL 
 
 One day, the ardour of the chase having carried them far 
 beyond their ordinary bounds, they stood alone together on 
 Craig Aderyn, the Rock of Birds, which overlooks the river 
 Dysyni. This rock takes its name from the flocks of birds 
 which have made it their dwelling, and which make the air 
 resonant with their multitudinous notes. Around, before, and 
 above them rose mountain beyond mountain, soaring above 
 the leafless forests, to lose their heads in mist ; beneath them 
 lay the silent river ; and along the opening of its narrow 
 valley, they looked to the not-distant sea. 
 
 ' Prince Llywarch,' said Taliesin, ' is a bard and a warrior : 
 he is the son of an illustrious line. Taliesin is neither prince 
 nor warrior : he is the unknown child of the waters.' 
 
 ' Why think you of Llywarch .■' ' said Melanghel, to whom 
 the name of the prince was known only from Taliesin, who 
 knew it only from fame. 
 
 ' Because,' said Taliesin, ' there is that in my soul which 
 tells me that I shall have no rival among the bards of Britain : 
 but, if its princes and warriors seek the love of Melanghel, I 
 shall know that I am but a bard, and not as Llywarch.' 
 
 'You would be Prince Taliesin,' said Melanghel, smiling, 
 ' to make me your princess. Am I not a princess already ? 
 and such an one as is not on earth, for the land of my inherit- 
 ance is under the sea, under those very waves that now roll 
 within our view ; and, in truth, you are as well qualified for a 
 prince as I am for a princess, and have about as valuable a 
 dominion in the mists and the clouds as I have under the 
 waters.' 
 
 Her eyes sparkled with affectionate playfulness, while her 
 long black hair floated loosely in the breeze that pressed the 
 folds of her drapery against the matchless symmetry of her form. 
 
 ' Oh, maid ! ' said Taliesin, ' what shall I do to win your 
 love ? ' 
 
 ' Restore me my father,' said Melanghel, with a seriousness 
 as winning as her playfulness had been fascinating. 
 
 ' That will I do,' said Taliesin, ' for his own sake. What 
 shall I do for yours ? ' 
 
 ' Nothing more,' said Melanghel ; and she held out her 
 hand to the youthful bard. Taliesin seized it with rapture, 
 and pressed it to his lips ; then, still grasping her hand, and 
 throwing his left arm round her, he pressed his lips to hers. 
 
 6i 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Melanghel started from him, blushing, and looked at him a 
 moment with something like severity ; but he blushed as much 
 as she did, and seemed even more alarmed at her displeasure 
 than she was at his momentary audacity. She reassured him 
 with a smile ; and, pointing her spear in the direction of her 
 distant home, she bounded before him down the rock. 
 
 This was the kiss of Taliesin to the daughter of Elphin, 
 which is celebrated in an inedited triad, as one of ' the Three 
 Chaste Kisses of the Island of Britain.' 
 
 62 
 
One 0f 'the Three Chaste Kisses of the island of Britain: 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 
 THE SONGS OF DIGANWY 
 
 Three things that will always swallow, and never be satisfied : the sea ; 
 a burial-ground ,' and a king. — Triads of Wisdom. 
 
 The hall of Maelgon Gwyneth was ringing with music and 
 revelry, when Taliesin stood on the floor, with his harp, in the 
 midst of the assembly, and, without introduction or preface, 
 struck a few chords, that, as if by magic, suspended all other 
 sounds, and fixed the attention of all in silent expectation. 
 He then sang as follows : 
 
 CANU Y MEDD 
 THE MEAD SONG OF TALIESIN 
 
 The King of kings upholds the heaven, 
 And parts from earth the billowy sea : 
 By Him all earthly joys are given ; 
 He loves the just, and guards the free. 
 Round the wide hall, for thine and thee. 
 With purest draughts the mead-horns foam, 
 Maelgon of Gwyneth ! Can it be 
 That here a prince bewails his home ? 
 
 The bee tastes not the sparkling draught 
 Which mortals from his toils obtain ; 
 That sends, in festal circles quaffed. 
 Sweet tumult through the heart and brain. 
 The timid, while the horn they drain. 
 Grow bold ; the happy more rejoice ; 
 The mourner ceases to complain ; 
 The gifted bard exalts his voice. 
 F 65 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 To royal Elphin life I owe, 
 Nurture and name, the harp, and mead : 
 Full, pure, and sparkling be their flow, 
 The horns to Maelgon's lips decreed : 
 For him may horn to horn succeed, 
 Till, glowing with their generous fire, 
 He bid the captive chief be freed, 
 Whom at his hands my songs require. 
 
 Elphin has given me store of mead, 
 Mead, ale, and wine, and fish, and corn ; 
 A happy home ; a splendid steed, 
 Which stately trappings well adorn. 
 To-morrow be the auspicious morn 
 That home the expected chief shall lead ; 
 So may King Maelgon drain the horn 
 In thrice three million feasts of mead. 
 
 ' I give you,' said Maelgon, ' all the rights of hospitality, 
 and as many horns as you please of the mead you so well and 
 justly extol. If you be Elphin's bard, it must be confessed he 
 spoke truth with respect to you, for you are a much better 
 bard than any of mine, as they are all free to confess : I give 
 them that liberty.' 
 
 The bards availed themselves of the royal indulgence, and 
 confessed their own inferiority to Taliesin, as the king had 
 commanded them to do. Whether they were all as well con- 
 vinced of it as they professed to be, may be left to the decision 
 of that very large class of literary gentlemen who are in the 
 habit of favouring the reading public with their undisguised 
 opinions. 
 
 ' But,' said Maelgon, ' your hero of Caredigion indulged 
 himself in a very unjustifiable bravado with respect to his 
 queen ; for he said she was as beautiful and as chaste as mine. 
 Now Rhun has proved the contrary, with small trouble, and 
 brought away trophies of his triumph ; yet still Elphin persists 
 in his first assertion, wherein he grossly disparages the queen 
 of Gwyneth ; and for this I hold him in bondage, and will do, 
 till he make recantation.' 
 
 ' That he will never do,' said Taliesin. ' Your son received 
 only the favours of a handmaid, who was willing, by stratagem, 
 to preserve her lady from violence. The real Angharad was 
 concealed in a cavern.' 
 
 Taliesin explained the adventure of RhCm, and pronounced 
 66 
 
THE SONGS OF DIGANWV 
 
 an eulogium on Angharad, which put the king and prince into 
 a towering passion. 
 
 Rhfin secretly determined to set forth on a second quest ; 
 and Maelgon swore by his mead-horn he would keep Elphin 
 till doomsday. Taliesin struck his harp again, and, in a tone 
 of deep but subdued feehng, he poured forth the 
 
 SONG OF THE WINDi 
 
 The winds that wander far and free, 
 Bring whispers from the shores they sweep ; 
 Voices of feast and revelry ; 
 Murmurs of forests and the deep ; 
 
 Low sounds of torrents from the steep 
 Descending on the flooded vale ; 
 And tumults from the leaguered keep, 
 Where foes the dizzy rampart scale. 
 
 The whispers of the wandering wind 
 Are borne to gifted ears alone ; 
 For them it ranges unconfined. 
 And speaks in accents of its own. 
 
 It tells me of Deheubarth's throne ; 
 The spider weaves not in its shield : ^ 
 Already from its towers is blown 
 The blast that bids the spoiler yield. 
 
 ^ This poem has little or nothing of Taliesin' s ' Canu y Gwynt,' with the 
 exception of the title. That poem is apparently a fragment ; and, as it 
 now stands, is an incoherent and scarcely intelligible rhapsody. It con- 
 tains no distinct or explicit idea, except the proposition that it is an unsafe 
 booty to carry off fat kine, which may be easily conceded in a case where 
 nimbleness of heel, both in man and beast, must have been of great 
 importance. The idea from which, if from anything in the existing 
 portion of the poem, it takes its name, that the whispers of the wind bring 
 rumours of war from Deheubarth, is rather implied than expressed. 
 
 ^ The spider weaving in suspended armour is an old emblem of peace 
 and inaction. Thus Bacchylides, in his fragment on Peace : 
 
 h bk (Tidapodh-ots irbpTa^iv 
 aWav &pax'av §pya iriXovrai,. 
 
 Euripides, in a fragment of ' Erechtheus ' : 
 
 KcLaddj S6pv fioi plTov dfji^t'jr\4K€iv 
 &pdX''a^s. 
 
 67 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 III with his prey the fox may wend, 
 
 When the young lion quits his lair : 
 
 Sharp sword, strong shield, stout arm, should tend 
 
 On spirits that unjustly dare. 
 
 To me the wandering breezes bear 
 
 The war -blast from Caer Lleon's brow ; 
 
 The avenging storm is brooding there 
 
 To which Diganwy's towers shall bow. 
 
 ' If the wind talks to you,' said Maelgon, ' I may say, with 
 the proverb, you talk to the wind ; for I am not to be sung, or 
 cajoled, or vapoured, or bullied out of my prisoner. And as to 
 your war-blasts from Caer Lleon, which I construe into a threat 
 that you will stir up King Arthur against me, I can tell you for 
 your satisfaction, and to spare you the trouble of going so far, 
 that he has enough to do with seeking his wife, who has been 
 carried off by some unknown marauder, and with fighting the 
 Saxons, to have much leisure or inclination to quarrel with a 
 true Briton, who is one of his best friends, and his heir-pre- 
 sumptive ; for, though he is a man of great prowess, and more- 
 over, saving his reverence and your presence, a cuckold, he 
 has not yet favoured his kingdom with an heir-apparent. And 
 I request you to understand that when I extolled you above 
 my bards, I did so only in respect of your verse and voice, 
 melody and execution, figure and action, in short, of your 
 manner ; for your matter is naught ; and I must do my ovm 
 bards the justice to say that, however much they may fall 
 short of you in the requisites aforesaid, they know much better 
 than you do, what is fitting for bards to sing, and kings to 
 hear.' 
 
 And Nonnus, whom no poetical image escaped [Dionysiaca, L. 
 xxxviii. ) : 
 
 And Beaumont and Fletcher, in the ' Wife for a Month ' : 
 
 Would'st thou live so long, till thy sword hung by, 
 And lazy spiders filled the hilt with cobwebs ? 
 
 A Persian poet says, describing ruins : 
 
 The spider spreads the veil in the palace of the Caesars. 
 And among the most felicitous uses of this emblem, must never be for- 
 gotten Hogarth's cobweb over the lid of the charity-box. 
 
 68 
 
THE SONGS OF DIGANWV 
 
 The bards, thus encouraged, recovered from the first shock 
 of Maelgon's ready admission of TaUesin's manifest superiority, 
 and struck up a sort of consecutive chorus, in a series of pen- 
 niUion, or stanzas, in praise of Maelgon and his heirship-pre- 
 sumptive, giving him credit for all the virtues of which the 
 reputation was then in fashion ; and, amongst the rest, they 
 very loftily celebrated his justice and magnanimity. 
 
 Taliesin could not reconcile his notions of these qualities 
 with Maelgon's treatment of Elphin. He changed his measure 
 and his melody, and pronounced, in impassioned numbers, the 
 poem which a learned Welsh historian calls ' The Indignation 
 of the Bards,' though, as the indignation was Taliesin's, and 
 not theirs, he seems to have made a small mistake in regard to 
 the preposition. 
 
 THE INDIGNATION OF TALIESIN WITH THE BARDS 
 OF MAELGON GWYNETH 
 
 False bards the sacred fire pervert, 
 Whose songs are won without desert ; 
 Who falsehoods weave in specious lays. 
 To gild the base with virtue's praise. 
 
 From court to court, from tower to tower, 
 In warrior's tent, in lady's bower, 
 For gold, for wine, for food, for fire. 
 They tune their throats at all men's hire. 
 
 Their harps re-echo wide and far 
 With sensual love, and bloody war, 
 And drunkenness, and flattering lies : 
 Truth's light may shine for other eyes. 
 
 In palaces they still are found, 
 At feasts, promoting senseless sound : 
 He is their demigod at least, 
 Whose only virtue is his feast. 
 
 They love to talk ; they hate to think ; 
 All day they sing ; all night they drink : 
 No useful toils their hands employ ; 
 In boisterous throngs is all their joy. 
 
 The bird will fly, the fish will swim, 
 The bee the honeyed flowers will skim ; 
 69 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Its food by toil each creature brings, 
 Except false bards and worthless kings. 
 
 Learning and wisdom claim to find 
 Homage and succour from mankind ; 
 But learning's right, and wisdom's due, 
 Are falsely claimed by slaves like you. 
 
 True bards know truth, and truth will show ; 
 Ye know it not, nor care to know : 
 Your king's weak mind false judgment warps ; 
 Rebuke his wrong, or break your harps. 
 
 I know the mountain and the plain ; 
 I know where right and justice reign ; 
 I from the tower will Elphin free ; 
 Your king shall learn his doom from me. 
 
 A spectre of the marsh shall rise, 
 With yellow teeth, and hair, and eyes, 
 From whom your king in vain aloof 
 Shall crouch beneath the sacred roof. 
 
 He through the half-closed door shall spy 
 
 The Yellow Spectre sweeping by ; 
 
 To whom the punishment belongs 
 
 Of Maelgon's crimes and Elphin's wrongs. 
 
 By the name of the Yellow Spectre, Taliesin designated a 
 pestilence, which afterwards carried off great multitudes of the 
 people, and, amongst them, Maelgon Gwyneth, then sovereign 
 of Britain, who had taken refuge from it in a church. 
 
 Maelgon paid little attention to Tahesin's prophecy, but he 
 was much incensed by the general tenor of his song. 
 
 ' If it were not,' said Maelgon, ' that I do not choose to add 
 to the number of the crimes of which you so readily accuse 
 me, that of disregarding the inviolability of your hardship, I 
 would send you to keep company with your trout-catching king, 
 and you might amuse his salmon-salting majesty with telling 
 him as much truth as he is disposed to listen to ; which, to 
 judge by his reception of Rhdn's story of his wife, I take to be 
 exceedingly little. For the present, you are welcome to de- 
 part ; and, if you are going to Caer Lleon, you may present 
 my respects to King Arthur, and tell him, I hope he will beat 
 the Saxons, and find his wife ; but I hope, also, that the cutting 
 
 70 
 
Khun and his bard rchinicd to the banks of the MawddacJi, ivJiC7-c they resolved 
 thei/isch'cs into an ainbuseade. — p. 74. 
 
THE SONGS OF DIGANWY 
 
 me off with an heir-apparent will not be the consequence of 
 his finding her, or (which, by the bye, is more likely) of his 
 having lost her.' 
 
 Taliesin took his departure from the hall of Diganwy, 
 leaving the bards biting their lips at his rebuke, and Maelgon 
 roaring with laughter at his own very excellent jest. 
 
 73 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 THE DISAPPOINTMENT OF RHUN 
 
 TrapO^ve, Tuis /ierct/iet^as ^pevdoK^tjv <t^o /j.optp'^v ; 
 elapivijv 5' aKTiva ris ^(T/Setre creio irpofftbirov ; 
 oiiKeri aG)V /lieX^wv dfiapiaaeTai dpyvcpos S.Lykq' 
 o^K^TL 5\ lbs rb irpbadej Teat '^eKbtacJiv o-Kicirai. 
 
 Sweet maid, what grief has changed thy roseate grace, 
 And quenched the vernal sunshine of thy face ? 
 No more thy light form sparkles as it flies, 
 Nor laughter flashes from thy radiant eyes. 
 
 Venus to Pasithea, in the %%rd Book of the 
 
 DiONYSIACA OF NONNUS. 
 
 Taliesin returned to the dwelling of Elphin, auguring that, in 
 consequence of his information, Rhun would pay it another 
 visit. In this anticipation he was not mistaken, for Rhun very 
 soon appeared, with a numerous retinue, determined, appar- 
 ently, to carry his point by force of arms. He found, however, 
 no inmate in the dwelling but Taliesin and Teithrin ap Tathral. 
 Rhian stormed, entreated, promised, and menaced, without 
 success. He perlustrated the vicinity, and found various 
 caverns, but not the one he sought. He passed many days in 
 the search, and, finally, departed ; but, at a short distance, he 
 dismissed all his retinue, except his bard of all work, or laureate- 
 expectant, and, accompanied by this worthy, returned to the 
 banks of the Mawddach, where they resolved themselves into 
 an ambuscade. It was not long before they saw Taliesin issue 
 from the dwelling, and begin ascending the hill. They followed 
 him at a cautious distance ; first up a steep ascent of the 
 forest -covered rocks ; then along a small space of densely- 
 wooded tableland, to the edge of a dingle ; and, again, by a 
 
 74 
 

 T/iC cataracts ihtiiidcr down the stcc/\ 
 
THE DISAPPOINTMENT OF RHON 
 
 slight descent, to the bed of a mountain stream, in a spot 
 where the torrent flung itself, in a series of cataracts, down the 
 rift of a precipitous rock, that towered high above their heads. 
 About half-way up the rock, near the base of one of these 
 cataracts, was a projecting ledge, or natural platform of rock, 
 behind which was seen the summit of the opening of a cave. 
 Tahesin paused, and looked around him, as if to ascertain that 
 he was unobserved ; and then, standing on a projection of the 
 rock below, he mingled, in spontaneous song, the full power of 
 his voice with the roar of the waters. 
 
 Maid of the rock ! though loud the flood, 
 
 My voice will pierce thy cell : 
 
 No foe is in the mountain wood ; 
 
 No danger in the dell : 
 
 The torrents bound along the glade ; 
 
 Their path is free and bright ; 
 
 Be thou as they, O mountain maid ! 
 
 In liberty and light. 
 
 Melanghel appeared on the rocky platform, and answered 
 the song of her lover : 
 
 MELANGHEL 
 
 The cataracts thunder down the steep ; 
 
 The woods all lonely wave : 
 
 Within my heart the voice sinks deep 
 
 That calls me from my cave. 
 
 The voice is dear, the song is sweet. 
 
 And true the words must be : 
 
 Well pleased I quit the dark retreat, 
 
 To wend away with thee. 
 
 Not yet ; not yet : let nightdews fall. 
 
 And stars be bright above, 
 
 Ere to her long-deserted hall 
 
 I guide my gentle love. 
 
 When torchlight flashes on the roof, 
 
 No foe will near thee stray : 
 
 Even now his parting courser's hoof 
 
 Rings from the rocky way. 
 
 77 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 MELANGHEL 
 
 Yet climb the path, and comfort speak, 
 
 To cheer the lonely cave. 
 
 Where woods are bare, and rocks are bleak. 
 
 And wintry torrents rave. 
 
 A dearer home my memory knows, 
 
 A home I still deplore ; 
 
 Where firelight glows, while winds and snows 
 
 Assail the guardian door. 
 
 Taliesin vanished a moment from the sight of RhCin, and 
 almost immediately reappeared by the side of Melanghel, who 
 had now been joined by her mother. In a few minutes he 
 returned, and Angharad and Melanghel withdrew. 
 
 RhQn watched him from the dingle, and then proceeded to 
 investigate the path by which he had gained the platform. 
 After some search he discovered it, ascended to the platform, 
 and rushed into the cavern. 
 
 They here found a blazing fire, a half- finished dinner, 
 materials of spinning and embroidering, and other signs of 
 female inhabitancy ; but they found not the inhabitants. They 
 searched the cavern to its depth, which was not inconsiderable ; 
 much marvelling how the ladies had vanished. While thus 
 engaged, they heard a rushing sound, and a crash on the rocks, 
 as of some ponderous body. The mystery of this noise was 
 very soon explained to them, in a manner that gave an unusual 
 length to their faces, and threw a deep tinge of blue into their 
 rosy complexions. A ponderous stone, which had been sus- 
 pended like a portcullis at the mouth of the cavern, had been 
 dropped by some unseen agency, and made them as close 
 prisoners as Elphin. 
 
 They were not long kept in suspense as to how this matter 
 had been managed. The hoarse voice of Teithrin ap Tathral 
 sounded in their ears from without, ' Foxes ! you have been 
 seen through, and you are fairly trapped. Eat and drink. 
 You shall want nothing but to get out ; which you must want 
 some time ; for it is sworn that no hand but Elphin's shall 
 raise the stone of your captivity.' 
 
 ' Let me out,' vociferated Rhdn, ' and on the word of a 
 prince ' but, before he could finish the sentence, the retreat- 
 ing steps of Teithrin were lost in the roar of the torrent. 
 
 78 
 
"■ rl 
 
 T/ie hoarse voice o/Teithriii ap Tathral soimded in their ears/rom without^ 
 ' Foxes ! you have heC7i seen throiiirJi, and you are fairly trapped.' 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 
 THE HEROES OF DINAS VAWR 
 
 L'ombra sua torna ch'era dipartita. 
 
 Dante. 
 
 While there is life there is hope. 
 
 English Proverb. 
 
 Prince Rhun being safe in schistous bastile, Taliesin com- 
 menced his journey to the court of King Arthur. On his way 
 to Caer Lleon, he was received with all hospitality, entertained 
 with all admiration, and dismissed with all honour, at the 
 castles of several petty kings, and, amongst the rest, at the 
 castle of Dinas Vawr, on the Towy, which was then garrisoned 
 by King Melvas, who had marched with a great force out of 
 his own kingdom, on the eastern shores of the Severn, to levy 
 contributions in the country to the westward, where, as the 
 pleasure of his company had been altogether unlooked for, he 
 had got possession of a good portion of movable property. 
 The castle of Dinas Vawr presenting itself to him as a con- 
 venient hold, he had taken it by storm ; and having cut the 
 throats of the former occupants, thrown their bodies into the 
 Towy, and caused a mass to be sung for the good of their souls, 
 he was now sitting over his bowl, with the comfort of a good 
 conscience, enjoying the fruits of the skill and courage with 
 which he had planned and accomplished his scheme of ways 
 and means for the year. 
 
 The hall of Melvas was full of magnanimous heroes, who 
 
 were celebrating their own exploits in sundry choruses, 
 
 especially in that which follows, which is here put upon record 
 
 as being the quintessence of all the war-songs that ever were 
 
 G 8i 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 written, and the sum and substance of all the appetencies, 
 tendencies, and consequences of military glory : 
 
 THE WAR-SONG OF DINAS VAWR 
 
 The mountain sheep are sweeter, 
 But the valley sheep are fatter ; 
 We therefore deemed it meeter 
 To carry off the latter. 
 We made an expedition ; 
 We met a host, and quelled it ; 
 We forced a strong position, 
 And killed the men who held it. 
 
 On Dyfed's richest valley. 
 
 Where herds of kine were brousing, 
 
 We made a mighty sally, 
 
 To furnish our carousing. 
 
 Fierce warriors rushed to meet us ; 
 
 We met them, and o'erthrew them : 
 
 They struggled hard to beat us ; 
 
 But we conquered them, and slew them. 
 
 As we drove our prize at leisure. 
 The king marched forth to catch us : 
 His rage surpassed all measure, 
 But his people could not match us. 
 He fled to his hall-pillars ; 
 And, ere our force we led off, 
 Some sacked his house and cellars. 
 While others cut his head off. 
 
 We there, in strife bewild'ring, 
 Spilt blood enough to swim in : 
 We orphaned many children, 
 And widowed many women. 
 The eagles and the ravens 
 We glutted with our foemen ; 
 The heroes and the cravens, 
 The spearmen and the bowmen. 
 
 We brought away from battle, 
 And much their land bemoaned them, 
 Two thousand head of cattle. 
 And the head of him who owned them : 
 Ednyfed, king of Dyfed, 
 His head was borne before us ; 
 His wine and beasts supplied our feasts. 
 And his overthrow, our chorus. 
 82 
 
THE HEROES OF DINAS VAWR 
 
 As the doughty followers of Melvas, having sung themselves 
 hoarse with their own praises, subsided one by one into drunken 
 sleep, Taliesin, sitting near the great central fire, and throwing 
 around a scrutinising glance on all the objects in the hall, 
 noticed a portly and somewhat elderly personage, of an aspect 
 that would have been venerable if it had been less rubicund 
 and Bacchic, who continued plying his potations with un- 
 diminished energy, while the heroes of the festival dropped 
 round him, like the leaves of autumn. This figure excited 
 Taliesin's curiosity. The features struck him with a sense of 
 resemblance to objects which had been somewhere familiar to 
 him ; but he perplexed himself in vain with attempts at definite 
 recollections. At length, when these two were almost the sole 
 survivors of the evening, the stranger approached him with a 
 golden goblet, which he had just replenished with the choicest 
 wine of the vaults of Dinas Vawr, and pronounced the oracular 
 monosyllable, ' Drink ! ' to which he subjoined emphatically, 
 ' GwiN O EUR : wine from gold. That is my taste. Ale is 
 well ; mead is better ; wine is best. Horn is well ; silver is 
 better ; gold is best.' 
 
 Taliesin, who had been very abstemious during the evening, 
 took the golden goblet, and drank to please the inviter ; in the 
 hope that he would become communicative, and satisfy the 
 curiosity his appearance had raised. 
 
 The stranger sat down near him, evidently in that amiable 
 state of semi-intoxication which inflates the head, warms the 
 heart, lifts up the veil of the inward man, and sets the tongue 
 flying, or rather tripping, in the double sense of nimbleness 
 and titubancy. 
 
 The stranger repeated, taking a copious draught, ' My 
 taste is wine from gold.' 
 
 ' I have heard those words,' said Taliesin, ' Gwin O eur, 
 repeated as having been the favourite saying of a person 
 whose memory is fondly cherished by one as dear to me as a 
 mother, though his name, with all others, is the byword of all 
 that is disreputable.' 
 
 ' I cannot believe,' said the stranger, ' that a man whose 
 favourite saying was GwiN o EUR, could possibly be a 
 disreputable person, or deserve any other than that honourable 
 remembrance, which, you say, only one person is honest 
 enough to entertain for him.' 
 
 83 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 ' His name,' said Taliesin, ' is too unhappily notorious 
 throughout Britain by the terrible catastrophe of which his 
 GwiN o EUR was the cause.' 
 
 ' And what might that be ? ' said the stranger. 
 
 ' The inundation of Gwaelod,' said Taliesin. 
 
 ' You speak then,' said the stranger, taking an enormous 
 
 ' / am the man. ' 
 
 potation, ' of Seithenyn, Prince Seithenyn, Seithenyn ap Seithyn 
 Saidi, Arglwyd Gorwarcheidwad yr Argae Breninan-1 ? ' 
 
 ' I seldom hear his name,' said Taliesin, ' with any of those 
 sounding additions ; he is usually called Seithenyn the 
 Drunkard.' 
 
 The stranger goggled about his eyes in an attempt to fix 
 them steadily on Taliesin, screwed up the corners of his mouth, 
 stuck out his nether lip, pursed up his chin, thrust forward his 
 right foot, and elevated his golden goblet in his right hand ; 
 
 84 
 
THE HEROES OF DINAS VAWR 
 
 then, in a tone which he intended to be strongly becoming of 
 his impressive aspect and imposing attitude, he muttered, 
 ' Look at me.' 
 
 Taliesin looked at him accordingly, with as much gravity 
 as he could preserve. 
 
 After a silence, which he designed to be very dignified and 
 solemn, the stranger spoke again : ' I am the man.' 
 
 ' What man ? ' said Taliesin. 
 
 ' The man,' replied his entertainer, ' of whom you have 
 spoken so disparagingly: Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi.' 
 
 ' Seithenyn,' said Taliesin, ' has slept twenty years under 
 the waters of the western sea, as King Gwythno's Lamentations 
 have made known to all Britain.' 
 
 'They have not made it known to me,' said Seithenyn, 
 ' for the best of all reasons, that one can only know the truth ; 
 for, if that which we think we know is not truth, it is 
 something which we do not know. A man cannot know his 
 own death ; for, while he knows anything, he is alive ; at 
 least, I never heard of a dead man who knew anything, or 
 pretended to know anything ; if he had so pretended, I should 
 have told him to his face he was no dead man.' 
 
 ' Your mode of reasoning,' said Taliesin, ' unquestionably 
 corresponds with what I have heard of Seithenyn's ; but how 
 is it possible Seithenyn can be living ? ' 
 
 ' Everything that is, is possible, says Catog the Wise,' 
 answered Seithenyn, with a look of great sapience. ' I will 
 give you proof that I am not a dead man ; for, they say, dead 
 men tell no tales : now I will tell you a tale, and a very 
 interesting one it is. When I saw the sea sapping the tower, 
 I jumped into the water, and just in the nick of time. It was 
 well for me that I had been so provident as to empty so many 
 barrels, and that somebody, I don't know who, but I suppose 
 it was my daughter, had been so provident as to put the bungs 
 into them, to keep them sweet ; for the beauty of it was that, 
 when there was so much water in the case, it kept them 
 empty ; and when I jumped into the sea, the sea was just 
 making a great hole in the cellar, and they were floating out 
 by dozens. I don't know how I managed it, but I got one 
 arm over one, and the other arm over another : I nipped them 
 pretty tight ; and, though my legs were under water, the good 
 liquor I had in me kept me warm. I could not help thinking, 
 
 85 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 as I had nothing else to think of just then that touched me so 
 nearly, that if I had left them full, and myself empty, as a 
 sober man would have done, we should all three, that is, I and 
 the two barrels, have gone to the bottom together, that is to 
 say, separately ; for we should never have come together, 
 except at the bottom, perhaps ; when no one of us could have 
 done the other any good ; whereas they have done me much 
 good, and I have requited it ; for, first, I did them the 
 service of emptying them ; and then they did me the service 
 of floating me with the tide, whether the ebb, or the flood, or 
 both, is more than I can tell, down to the coast of Dyfed, 
 where I was picked up by fishermen ; and such was my sense 
 of gratitude, that, though I had always before detested an 
 empty barrel, except as a trophy, I swore I would not budge 
 from the water unless my two barrels went with me ; so we 
 were all marched inland together, and were taken into the 
 service of King Ednyfed, where I stayed till his castle was 
 sacked, and his head cut off, and his beeves marched away 
 with, by the followers of King Melvas, of whom I killed two 
 or three ; but they were too many for us ; therefore, to make 
 the best of a bad bargain, I followed leisurely in the train of 
 the beeves, and presented myself to King Melvas, with this 
 golden goblet, saying Gwin O EUR. He was struck with my 
 deportment, and made me his chief butler ; and now my two 
 barrels are the two pillars of his cellar, where I regularly 
 fill them from affection, and as regularly empty them from 
 gratitude, taking care to put the bungs in them, to keep them 
 sweet.' 
 
 ' But all this while,' said Taliesin, ' did you never look back 
 to the Plain of Gwaelod, to your old king, and, above all, to 
 your daughter ? ' 
 
 ' Why, yes,' said Seithenyn, ' I did in a way. But as to 
 the Plain of Gwaelod, that was gone, buried under the sea, 
 along with many good barrels, which I had been improvident 
 enough to leave full : then, as to the old king, though I had a 
 great regard for him, I thought he might be less likely to 
 feast me in his hall than to set up my head on a spike over 
 his gate : then, as to my daughter ■' 
 
 Here he shook his head, and looked maudlin ; and dashing 
 two or three drops from his eye, he put a great many into his 
 mouth. 
 
 86 
 
' / swore I would not budgc/roin the tvatcr 7C7i.lcss my two haj->-eh iveni with inc.' 
 
THE HEROES OF DINAS VAWR 
 
 ' Your daughter,' said Taliesin, ' is the wife of King Elphin, 
 and has a daughter, who is now as beautiful as her mother 
 was.' 
 
 ' Very hkely,' said Seithenyn, ' and I should be very glad 
 to see them all ; but I am afraid King Elphin, as you call him 
 (what he is king of, you shall tell me at leisure), would do me 
 a mischief. At any rate, he would stint me in liquor. No ! 
 If they will visit me, here I am. Fish, and water, will not 
 agree with me. I am growing old, and need cordial nutri- 
 ment. King Melvas will never want for beeves and wine ; nor, 
 indeed, for anything else that is good. I can tell you what,' he 
 added, in a very low voice, cocking his eye, and putting his 
 finger on his lips, ' he has got in this very castle the finest 
 woman in Britain.' 
 
 ' That I doubt,' said Taliesin. 
 
 ' She is the greatest, at any rate,' said Seithenyn, ' and 
 ought to be the finest.' 
 
 ' How the greatest ? ' said Taliesin. 
 
 Seithenyn looked round, to observe if there were any 
 listener near, and fixed a very suspicious gaze on the rotund 
 figure of a fallen hero, who lay coiled up like a maggot in 
 a filbert, and snoring with an energy that, to the muddy 
 apprehensions of Seithenyn, seemed to be counterfeit. He 
 determined, by a gentle experiment, to ascertain if his 
 suspicions were well founded ; and proceeded, with what he 
 thought great caution, to apply the point of his foot to the 
 most bulging portion of the fat sleeper's circumference. But 
 he greatly miscalculated his intended impetus, for he impinged 
 his foot with a force that overbalanced himself, and hurled him 
 headlong over his man, who instantly sprang on his legs, 
 shouting ' To arms ! ' Numbers started up at the cry ; the 
 hall rang with the din of arms, and with the vociferation of 
 questions, which there were many to ask, and none to answer. 
 Some stared about for the enemy ; some rushed to the gates ; 
 others to the walls. Two or three, reeling in the tumult and 
 the darkness, were jostled over the parapet, and went rolling 
 down the precipitous slope of the castle hill, crashing through 
 the bushes, and bellowing for some one to stop them, till their 
 clamours were cut short by a plunge into the Towy, where the 
 conjoint weight of their armour and their liquor carried them 
 at once to the bottom. The rage which would have fallen on 
 
 89 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 the enemy, if there had been one, was turned against the 
 author of the false alarm ; but, as none could point him out, 
 the tumult subsided by degrees, through a descending scale of 
 imprecations, into the last murmured malediction of him whom 
 the intensity of his generous anger kept longest awake. By 
 this time, the rotund hero had again coiled himself up into his 
 ring ; and Seithenyn was stretched in a right line, as a 
 tangent to the circle, in a state of utter incapacity to elucidate 
 the mystery of King Melvas's possession of the finest woman 
 in Britain. 
 
 90 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 
 THE SPLENDOUR OF CAER LLEON 
 
 The three principal cities of the isle of Britain : Caer Llion upon Wysg 
 in Cymru ; Caer Llundain in Lloegr ; and Caer Evrawg in Deifr and 
 Brynaich.^ — Triads of the Isle of Britain. 
 
 The sunset of a bright December day was glittering on the 
 waves of the Usk, and on the innumerable roofs, which, being 
 composed chiefly of the glazed tiles of the Romans, reflected 
 the light almost as vividly as the river, when Taliesin de- 
 scended one of the hills that border the beautiful valley in 
 which then stood Caer Lleon, the metropolis of Britain, and 
 in which now stands, on a small portion of the selfsame space, 
 a little insignificant town, possessing nothing of its ancient 
 glory but the unaltered name of Caer Lleon. 
 
 The rapid Usk flowed then, as now, under the walls : the 
 high wooden bridge, with its slender piles, was then much the 
 same as it is at this day ; it seems to have been never 
 regularly rebuilt, but to have been repaired, from time to time, 
 on the original Roman model. The same green and fertile 
 meadows, the same gently-sloping wood-covered hills, that 
 now meet the eye of the tourist, then met the eye of Taliesin ; 
 except that the woods on one side of the valley were then only 
 the skirts of an extensive forest, which the nobility and beauty 
 of Caer Lleon made frequently re-echo to the clamours of the 
 chase. 
 
 The city, which had been so long the centre of the Roman 
 supremacy, which was now the seat of the most illustrious 
 
 1 Caer Lleon upon Usk in Cambria . London in Loegria : and York 
 in Deira and Bernicia. 
 
 91 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 sovereign that had yet held the sceptre of Britain, could not 
 be approached by the youthful bard, whose genius was destined 
 to eclipse that of all his countrymen, without feelings and 
 reflections of deep interest. The sentimental tourist (who, 
 perching himself on an old wall, works himself up into a 
 soliloquy of philosophical pathos, on the vicissitudes of empire 
 and the mutability of all sublunary things, interrupted only by 
 an occasional peep at his watch, to ensure his not overstaying 
 the minute at which his fowl, comfortably roasting at the 
 nearest inn, has been promised to be ready) has, no doubt, 
 many fine thoughts well worth recording in a dapper volume ; 
 but Taliesin had an interest in the objects before him too 
 deep to have a thought to spare, even for his dinner. The 
 monuments of Roman magnificence, and of Roman domination, 
 still existing in comparative freshness ; the arduous struggle in 
 which his countrymen were then engaged with the Saxons, 
 and which, notwithstanding the actual triumphs of Arthur, 
 Taliesin's prophetic spirit told him would end in their being 
 dispossessed of all the land of Britain, except the wild region 
 of Wales (a result which political sagacity might have 
 apprehended from their disunion, but which, as he told it to 
 his countrymen in that memorable prophecy which every child 
 of the Cymry knows, has established for him, among them, 
 the fame of a prophet) ; the importance to himself and his 
 benefactors of the objects of his visit to the city, on the result 
 of which depended the liberation of Elphin, and the success 
 of his love for Melanghel ; the degree in which these objects 
 might be promoted by the construction he had put on 
 Seithenyn's imperfect communication respecting the lady in 
 Dinas Vawr, — furnished, all together, more materials for 
 absorbing thought than the most zealous peregrinator, even if 
 he be at once poet, antiquary, and philosopher, is likely to 
 have at once in his mind, on the top of the finest old wall on 
 the face of the earth. 
 
 Taliesin passed, in deep musing, through the gates of Caer 
 Lleon ; but his attention was speedily drawn to the objects 
 around him. From the wild solitudes in which he had passed 
 his earlier years, the transition to the castles and cities he had 
 already visited, furnished much food to curiosity ; but the 
 ideas of them sank into comparative nothingness before the 
 magnificence of Caer Lleon. 
 
 92 
 
THE SPLENDOUR OF CAER LLEON 
 
 He did not stop in the gateway to consider the knotty 
 question, which has since puzzled so many antiquaries, whether 
 the name of Caer Lleon signifies the City of Streams, the City 
 of Legions, or the City of King Lleon ? He saw a river filled 
 with ships, flowing through fine meadows, bordered by hills 
 and forests ; walls of brick, as well as of stone ; a castle, of 
 impregnable strength ; stately houses, of the most admirable 
 architecture ; palaces, with gilded roofs ; Roman temples, and 
 Christian churches ; a theatre, and an amphitheatre. The 
 public and private buildings of the departed Romans were in 
 excellent preservation ; though the buildings, and especially 
 the temples, were no longer appropriated to their original 
 purposes. The king's butler, Bedwyr, had taken possession 
 of the Temple of Diana, as a cool place of deposit for wine ; he 
 had recently effected a stowage of vast quantities therein, and 
 had made a most luminous arrangement of the several kinds, 
 under the judicious and experienced superintendence of Dyvrig, 
 the ex-Archbishop of Caer Lleon, who had just then nothing 
 else to do, having recently resigned his see in favour of King 
 Arthur's uncle, David, who is, to this day, illustrious as the St. 
 David in whose honour the Welshmen annually adorn their 
 hats with a leek. This David was a very respectable 
 character in his way : he was a man of great sanctity and 
 simplicity ; and, in order to eschew the vanities of the world, 
 which were continually present to him in Caer Lleon, he 
 removed the metropolitan see, from Caer Lleon, to the rocky, 
 barren, woodless, streamless, meadowless, tempest -beaten 
 point of Mynyw, which was afterwards called St. David's. 
 He was the mirror and pattern of a godly life ; teaching by 
 example, as by precept ; admirable in words, and excellent in 
 deeds ; tall in stature, handsome in aspect, noble in deport- 
 ment, affable in address, eloquent and learned, a model to his 
 followers, the life of the poor, the protector of widows, and 
 the father of orphans. This makes altogether a very respect- 
 able saint ; and it cannot be said that the honourable leek 
 is unworthily consecrated. A long series of his Catholic 
 successors maintained, in great magnificence, a cathedral, a 
 college, and a palace ; keeping them all in repair, and feeding 
 the poor into the bargain, from the archi-episcopal, or, when 
 the primacy of Caer Lleon had merged in that of Canterbury, 
 from the episcopal, revenues : but these things were reformed 
 
 93 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 altogether by one of the first Protestant bishops, who, having a 
 lady that longed for the gay world, and wanting more than all 
 the revenues for himself and his family, first raised the wind by 
 selling off the lead from the roof of his palace, and then 
 obtained permission to remove from it, on the plea that it was 
 not watertight. The immediate successors of this bishop, 
 whose name was Barlow, were in every way worthy of him ; 
 the palace and college have, consequently, fallen into incurable 
 dilapidation, and the cathedral has fallen partially into ruins, 
 and, most impartially, into neglect and defacement. 
 
 To return to Taliesin, in the streets of Caer Lleon. 
 Plautus and Terence were not heard in the theatre, nor to be 
 heard of in its neighbourhood ; but it was thought an excellent 
 place for an Eisteddfod, or Bardic Congress, and was made 
 the principal place of assembly of the Bards of the island of 
 Britain. This is what Ross of Warwick means, when he says 
 there was a noble university of students in Caer Lleon. 
 
 The mild precepts of the new religion had banished the 
 ferocious sports to which the Romans had dedicated the 
 amphitheatre, and, as Taliesin passed, it was pouring forth an 
 improved and humanised multitude, who had been enjoying 
 the pure British pleasure of baiting a bear. 
 
 The hot baths and aqueducts, the stoves of 'wonderful 
 artifice,' as Giraldus has it, which diffused hot air through 
 narrow spiracles, and many other wonders of the place, did 
 not all present themselves to a first observation. The 
 streets were thronged with people, especially of the fighting 
 order, of whom a greater number flocked about Arthur than 
 he always found it convenient to pay. Horsemen, with hawks 
 and hounds, were returning from the neighbouring forest, 
 accompanied by beautiful huntresses, in scarlet- and gold. 
 
 Taliesin, having perlustrated the city, proceeded to the 
 palace of Arthur. At the gates he was challenged by a 
 formidable guard, but passed by his bardic privilege. It was 
 now very near Christmas, and when Taliesin entered the great 
 hall, it was blazing with artificial light, and glowing with the 
 heat of the Roman stoves. 
 
 Arthur had returned victorious from the great battle of 
 Badon Hill, in which he had slain with his own hand four 
 hundred and forty Saxons ; and was feasting as merrily as an 
 honest man can be supposed to do while his wife is away. 
 
 94 
 
THE SPLENDOUR OF CAER LLEON 
 
 Kings, princes, and soldiers of fortune, bards and prelates, 
 ladies superbly apparelled, and many of them surpassingly 
 beautiful ; and a most gallant array of handsome young cup- 
 bearers, marshalled and well drilled by the king's butler, 
 Bedwyr, who was himself a petty king, were the chief com- 
 ponents of the illustrious assembly. 
 
 Amongst the ladies were the beautiful Tegau Eurvron ; 
 Dywir the Golden-haired ; Enid, the daughter of Yniwl ; 
 Garwen, the daughter of Henyn ; Gwyl, the daughter of 
 Enddaud ; and Indeg, the daughter of Avarwy Hir, of 
 Maelienydd. Of these, Tegau Eurvron, or Tegau of the 
 Golden Bosom, was the wife of Caradoc, and one of the Three 
 Chaste Wives of the island of Britain. She is the heroine 
 who, as the lady of Sir Cradock, is distinguished above all 
 the ladies of Arthur's court, in the ballad of the ' Boy and the 
 Mantle.' 
 
 Amongst the bards were Prince Llywarch, then in his 
 youth, afterwards called Llywarch Hen, or Llywarch the Aged ; 
 Aneurin, the British Homer, who sang the fatal battle of 
 Cattraeth, which laid the foundation of the Saxon ascendency, 
 in heroic numbers, which the gods have preserved to us, and 
 who was called the Monarch of the Bards, before the days of 
 the glory of Taliesin ; and Merddin Gwyllt, or Merlin the 
 Wild, who was so deep in the secrets of nature, that he 
 obtained the fame of a magician, to which he had at least as 
 good a title as either Friar Bacon or Cornelius Agrippa. 
 
 Amongst the petty kings, princes, and soldiers of fortune, 
 were twenty-four marchawg, or cavaliers, who were the coun- 
 sellors and champions of Arthur's court. This was the heroic 
 band, illustrious, in the songs of chivalry, as the Knights of 
 the Round Table. Their names and pedigrees would make 
 a very instructive and entertaining chapter ; and would include 
 the interesting characters of Gwalchmai ap Gwyar the Cour- 
 teous, the nephew of Arthur ; Caradoc, ' Colofn Cymry,' the 
 Pillar of Cambria, whose lady, as above noticed, was the 
 mirror of chastity ; and Trystan ap Tallwch, the lover of the 
 beautiful Essyllt, the daughter, or, according to some, the wife, 
 of his uncle March ap Meirchion : persons known to all the 
 world, as Sir Gawain, Sir Cradock, and Sir Tristram. 
 
 On the right hand of King Arthur sate the beautiful Indeg, 
 and on his left the lovely Garwen. Taliesin advanced, along 
 
 95 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 the tesselated floor, towards the upper end of the hall, and, 
 kneeling before King Arthur, said, 'What boon will King 
 Arthur grant to him who brings news of his queen ? ' 
 
 'Any boon,' said Arthur, 'that a king can give.' 
 
 ' Queen Gwenyvar,' said Taliesin, ' is the prisoner of King 
 Melvas, in the castle of Dinas Vawr.' 
 
 The mien and countenance of his informant satisfied the 
 king that he knew what he was saying ; therefore, without 
 further parlance, he broke up the banquet, to make prepara- 
 tions for assailing Dinas Vawr. 
 
 But, before he began his march, King Melvas had shifted 
 his quarters, and passed beyond the Severn to the isle of 
 Avallon, where the marshes and winter -floods assured him 
 some months of tranquillity and impunity. 
 
 King Arthur was highly exasperated, on receiving the intel- 
 ligence of Melvas's movement ; but he had no remedy, and was 
 reduced to the alternative of making the best of his Christmas 
 with the ladies, princes, and bards who crowded his court. 
 
 The period of the winter solstice had been always a great 
 festival with the northern nations, the commencement of the 
 lengthening of the days being, indeed, of all points in the circle 
 of the year, that in which the inhabitants of cold countries 
 have most cause to rejoice. This great festival was anciently 
 called Yule — whether derived from the Gothic Tola, to make 
 merry ; or from the Celtic Hiaul, the sun ; or from the Danish 
 and Swedish Hiid, signifying wheel or revolution, December 
 being Hiul-month, or the month of return ; or from the 
 Cimbric word 01, which has the important signification of 
 Ale, is too knotty a controversy to be settled here ; but Yule 
 had been long a great festival with both Celts and Saxons, 
 and, with the change of religion, became the great festival of 
 Christmas, retaining most of its ancient characteristics while 
 England was Merry England : a phrase which must be a 
 mirifical puzzle to any one who looks for the first time on its 
 present most lugubrious inhabitants. 
 
 The mistletoe of the oak was gathered by the Druids with 
 great ceremonies, as a symbol of the season. The mistletoe 
 continued to be so gathered, and to be suspended in halls and 
 kitchens, if not in temples, implying an unlimited privilege of 
 kissing : which circumstance, probably, led a learned antiquary 
 to opine that it was the forbidden fruit. 
 
 96 
 
THE SPLENDOUR OF CAER LLEON 
 
 The Druids, at this festival, made, in a capacious cauldron, 
 a mystical brewage of carefully -selected ingredients, full of 
 occult virtues, which they kept from the profane, and which 
 was typical of the new year and of the transmigration of the 
 soul. The profane, in humble imitation, brewed a bowl of 
 spiced ale, or wine, throwing therein roasted crabs ; the hiss- 
 ing of which, as they plunged, piping hot, into the liquor, was 
 heard with much unction at midwinter, as typical of the con- 
 junct benignant influences of fire and strong drink. The 
 Saxons called this the Wassail-bowl, and the brewage of it is 
 reported to have been one of the charms with which Rowena 
 fascinated Vortigern. 
 
 King Arthur kept his Christmas so merrily, that the 
 memory of it passed into a proverb : l 'As merry as Christmas 
 in Caer Lleon.' 
 
 Caer Lleon was the merriest of places, and was commonly 
 known by the name of Merry Caer Lleon ; which the English 
 ballad-makers, for the sake of the smoother sound, and con- 
 founding Cambria with Cumbria, most ignorantly or audaciously 
 turned into Merry Carlisle ; thereby emboldening a northern 
 antiquary to set about proving that King Arthur was a Scotch- 
 man ; according to the old principles of harry and foray, which 
 gave Scotchmen a right to whatever they could find on the 
 English border ; though the English never admitted their title 
 to anything there, excepting a halter in Carlisle. 
 
 The chase, in the neighbouring forest ; tilting in the amphi- 
 theatre ; trials of skill in archery, in throwing the lance and 
 riding at the quintain, and similar amusements of the morning, 
 created good appetites for the evening feasts ; in which Prince 
 Cei, who is well known as Sir Kay, the seneschal, superintended 
 the viands, as King Bedwyr did the liquor ; having each a 
 thousand men at command, for their provision, arrangement, 
 and distribution ; and music worthy of the banquet was pro- 
 vided and superintended by the king's chief harper, Geraint, 
 of whom a contemporary poet observes, that when he died the 
 gates of heaven were thrown wide open, to welcome the ingress 
 of so divine a musician. 
 
 ' ' Mor llawen ag Ngdolig yn Nghaerlleor.' 
 
 H 97 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 
 THE GHOSTLINESS OF AVALLON 
 
 Poco piu poco meno, tutti al mondo vivono d'impostura : e chi k di 
 buon gusto, dissimula quando occorre, gode quando pu6 crede quel che 
 vuole, ride de' pazzi, e figura un raondo a suo gusto. — Goldoni. 
 
 'Where is the young bard,' said King Arthur, after some 
 nights of Christmas had passed by, ' who' brought me the news 
 of my queen, and to whom I promised a boon, which he has 
 not yet claimed ? ' 
 
 None could satisfy the king's curiosity. Taliesin had dis- 
 appeared from Caer Lleon. He knew the power and influence 
 of Maelgon Gwyneth ; and he was aware that King Arthur, 
 however favourably he might receive his petition, would not 
 find leisure to compel the liberation of Elphin till he had 
 enforced from Melvas the surrender of his queen. It occurred 
 to him that her restoration might be effected by peaceable 
 means ; and he knew that, if he could be in any degree instru- 
 mental to this result, it would greatly strengthen his claims on 
 the king. He engaged a small fishing-vessel, which had just 
 landed a cargo for the Christmas feasts of Caer Lleon, and set 
 sail for the isle of Avallon. At that period, the spring-tides of 
 the sea rolled round a cluster of islands, of which Avallon was 
 one, over the extensive fens, which wiser generations have 
 embanked and reclaimed. 
 
 The abbey of Avallon, afterwards called Glastonbury, was, 
 even then, a comely and commodious pile, though not possess- 
 ing any of that magnificence which the accumulated wealth of 
 ages subsequently gave to it. A large and strongly-fortified 
 castle, almost adjoining the abbey, gave to the entire place the 
 air of a stronghold of the church militant. King Melvas was 
 
 98 
 
^ l^SSS^i-^ 
 
 A face, as round and as red as the setting sun in November, shone forth 
 in the aperture. 
 
THE GHOSTLINESS OF AVALLON 
 
 one of the pillars of the orthodoxy of those days ; he was called 
 the Scourge of the Pelagians ; and extended the shield of his 
 temporal might over the spiritual brotherhood of Avallon, who, 
 in return, made it a point of conscience not to stint him in 
 absolutions. 
 
 Some historians pretend that a comfortable nunnery was 
 erected at a convenient distance from the abbey, that is to say, 
 close to it ; but this involves a nice question in monastic 
 antiquity, which the curious may settle for themselves. 
 
 It was about midway between nones and vespers when 
 Taliesin sounded, on the gate of the abbey, a notice of his 
 wish for admission. A small trap -door in the gate was 
 cautiously opened, and a face, as round and as red as the 
 setting sun in November, shone forth in the aperture. 
 
 The topographers who have perplexed themselves about 
 the origin of the name of Ynys Avallon, ' the island of apples,' 
 had not the advantage of this piece of meteoroscopy : if they 
 could have looked on this archetype of a Norfolk beefin, with 
 the knowledge that it was only a sample of a numerous fra- 
 ternity, they would at once have perceived the fitness of the 
 appellation. The brethren of Avallon were the apples of the 
 church. It was the oldest monastic establishment in Britain ; 
 and consequently, as of reason, the most plump, succulent, 
 and rosy. It had, even in the sixth century, put forth the 
 fruits of good living, in a manner that would have done honour 
 to a more enlightened age. It went on steadily improving in 
 this line till the days of its last abbot, Richard Whiting, who 
 built the stupendous kitchen, which has withstood the ravages 
 of time and the Reformation ; and who, as appears by 
 authentic documents, and, amongst others, by a letter signed 
 with the honoured name of Russell, was found guilty, by a 
 right worshipful jury, of being suspected of great riches, and 
 of an inclination to keep them ; and was accordingly sentenced 
 to be hanged forthwith, along with his treasurer and sub- 
 treasurer, who were charged with aiding and abetting him in 
 the safe custody of his cash and plate ; at the same time that 
 the Abbot of Peterborough was specially reprieved from the 
 gallows, on the ground that he was the said Russell's particular 
 friend. This was a compendium of justice and mercy accord- 
 ing to the new light of King Henry the Eighth. The abbot's 
 kitchen is the most interesting and perfect portion of the 
 
 lOI 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 existing ruins. These ruins were overgrown with the finest 
 ivy in England, till it was, not long since, pulled down by 
 some Vandal, whom the Society of Antiquaries had sent down 
 to make drawings of the walls, which he executed literally, by 
 stripping them bare, that he might draw the walls, and nothing 
 else. Its shade no longer waves over the musing moralist, 
 who, with folded arms, and his back against a wall, dreams of 
 the days that are gone ; or the sentimental cockney, who, 
 seating himself with much gravity on a fallen column, produces 
 a flute from his pocket, and strikes up ' I'd be a butterfly.' 
 
 From the phenomenon of a blushing fruit that was put forth 
 in the abbey gate of Avallon issued a deep, fat, gurghng voice, 
 which demanded of Taliesin his name and business. 
 
 ' I seek the abbot of Avallon,' said Taliesin. 
 
 ' He is confessing a penitent,' said the ghostly brother, who 
 was officiating in turn as porter. 
 
 ' I can await his leisure,' said Taliesin, ' but I must see 
 him.' 
 
 ' Are you alone ? ' said the brother. 
 
 ' I am,' said Taliesin. 
 
 The gate unclosed slowly, just wide enough to give him 
 admittance. It was then again barred and barricaded. 
 
 The ghostly brother, of whom TaUesin had now a full view, 
 had a figure corresponding with his face, and wanted nothing 
 but a pair of horns and a beard in ringlets, to look like an 
 avatar of Bacchus. He maintained, however, great gravity of 
 face, and decorum of gesture, as he said to Taliesin, ' Hospi- 
 tality is the rule of our house ; but we are obliged to be 
 cautious in these times, though we live under powerful pro- 
 tection. Those bloody Nirarods, the Saxons, are athirst for 
 the blood of the righteous. Monsters that are born with tails.' 
 
 Taliesin had not before heard of this feature of Saxon 
 conformation, and expressed his astonishment accordingly. 
 
 ' How ? ' said the monk. ' Did not a rabble of them fasten 
 goats' tails to the robe of the blessed preacher in Riw, and did 
 he not, therefore, pray that their posterity might be bom with 
 tails ? And it is so. But let that pass. Have they not 
 
 -' r'- monasteries, plundered churches, and put holy brethren 
 to the oword ? The blood of the saints calls for vengeance.' 
 
 ' And will have it,' said Taliesin, ' from the hand of Arthur.' 
 
 The name of Arthur evidently discomposed the monk, who, 
 
And strikes uf ' Vdhe a hutterfly.' 
 
THE GHOSTLINESS OF AVALLON 
 
 desiring Taliesin to follow him, led the way across the hall of 
 the abbey, and along a short wide passage, at the end of 
 which was a portly door. 
 
 The monk disappeared through this door, and, presently 
 returning, said, ' The abbot requires your name and quality.' 
 
 ' Taliesin, the bard of Elphin ap Gwythno Garanhir,' was 
 the reply. 
 
 The monk disappeared again, and, returning, after a longer 
 pause than before, said, ' You may enter.' 
 
 The abbot was a plump and comely man, of middle age, 
 having three roses in his complexion : one in full blossom on 
 each cheek, and one in bud on the tip of his nose. 
 
 He was sitting at a small table, on which stood an enormous 
 vase and a golden goblet ; and opposite to him sat the penitent 
 of whom the round-faced brother had spoken, and in whom 
 Taliesin recognised his acquaintance of Dinas Vawr, who called 
 himself Seithenyn ap Seithyn. 
 
 The abbot and Seithenyn sat with their arms folded on the 
 table, leaning forward towards each other, as if in momentous 
 discussion. 
 
 The abbot said to Tahesin, ' Sit ' ; and to his conductor, 
 ' Retire, and be silent.' 
 
 ' Will it not be better,' said the monk, ' that I cross my lips 
 with the sign of secrecy ? ' 
 
 ' It is permitted,' said the abbot. 
 
 Seithenyn held forth the goblet to the monk, who swallowed 
 the contents with much devotion. He then withdrew, and 
 closed the door. 
 
 ' I bid you most heartily welcome,' said Seithenyn to 
 Taliesin. ' Drink off this, and I will tell you more. You are 
 admitted to this special sitting at my special instance. I told 
 the abbot I knew you well. Now I will tell you what I know. 
 You have told King Arthur that King Melvas has possession 
 of Queen Gwenyvar, and, in consequence. King Arthur is 
 coming here, to sack and raze the castle and abbey, and cut 
 every throat in the isle of Avallon. I have just brought the 
 abbot this pleasant intelligence, and, as I knew it would take 
 him down a cup or two, I have also brought what I call my 
 little jug, to have the benefit of his judgment on a piece of rare 
 wine which I have broached this morning ; there is no better 
 in Caer Lleon. And now we are holding council on the 
 
 i°5 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 emergency. But I must say you abuse your bardic privilege, 
 to enjoy people's hospitality, worm out their secrets, and carry 
 the news to the enemy. It was partly to give you this candid 
 opinion that I have prevailed on the abbot to admit you to 
 this special sitting. Therefore drink. GwiN O EUR : Wine 
 from gold.' 
 
 ' King Arthur is not a Saxon, at any rate,' sighed the abbot, 
 winding up his fainting spirits with a draught. ' Think not, 
 young stranger, that I am transgressing the laws of temperance : 
 my blood runs so cold when I think of the bloodthirsty Saxons, 
 that I take a little wine medicinally, in the hope of warming 
 it ; but it is a slow and tedious remedy.' 
 
 ' Take a little more,' said Seithenyn. ' That is the true 
 quantity. Wine is my medicine ; and my quantity is a little 
 more. A little more.' 
 
 ' King Arthur,' said Taliesin, ' is not a Saxon ; but he does 
 not brook injuries lightly. It were better for your abbey that 
 he came not here in arms. The aiders and abettors of Melvas, 
 even though they be spiritual, may not carry off the matter 
 without some share of his punishment, which is infallible.' 
 
 ' That is just what I have been thinking,' said Seithenyn. 
 
 ' God knows,' said the abbot, ' we are not abettors of Melvas, 
 though we need his temporal power to protect us from the Saxons.' 
 
 ' How can it be otherwise,' said Taliesin, ' than that these 
 Saxon despoilers should be insolent and triumphant, while the 
 princes of Britain are distracted with domestic broils : and for 
 what ? ' 
 
 ' Ay,' said Seithenyn, ' that is the point. For what ? For 
 a woman, or some such rubbish.' 
 
 ' Rubbish, most verily,' said the abbot. ' Women are the 
 flesh which we renounce with the devil.' 
 
 ' Holy father,' said Taliesin, ' have you not spiritual influence 
 with Melvas, to persuade him to surrender the queen without 
 bloodshed, and, renewing his allegiance to Arthur, assist him 
 in his most sacred war against the Saxon invaders ? ' 
 
 ' A righteous work,' said the abbot ; ' but Melvas is head- 
 strong and difficult.' 
 
 ' Screw yourself up with another goblet,' said Seithenyn ; 
 ' you will find the difficulty smooth itself off wonderfully. Wine 
 from gold has a sort of double light, that illuminates a dark 
 path miraculously.' 
 
 106 
 
' / ■vjH! take a simple mid single draught of what ha/:/cns to he here.' 
 
THE GHOSTLINESS OF AVALLON 
 
 The abbot sighed deeply, but adopted Seithenyn's method 
 of throwing light on the subject. 
 
 ' The anger of King Arthur,' said Taliesin, ' is certain, and 
 its consequences infallible. The anger of King Melvas is 
 doubtful, and its consequences to you cannot be formidable.' 
 
 'That is nearly true,' said the abbot, beginning to look 
 resolute, as the rosebud at his nose-tip deepened into damask. 
 
 ' A little more,' said Seithenyn, ' and it will become quite 
 true.' 
 
 By degrees the proposition ripened into absolute truth. 
 The abbot suddenly inflated his cheeks, started on his legs, 
 and stalked bolt upright out of the apartment, and forthwith 
 out of the abbey, followed by Seithenyn, tossing his goblet in 
 the air, and catching it in his hand, as he went. 
 
 The round-faced brother made his appearance almost im- 
 mediately. ' The abbot,' he said, ' commends you to the 
 hospitality of the brotherhood. They will presently assemble 
 to supper. In the meanwhile, as I am thirsty, and content 
 with whatever falls in my way, I will take a simple and single 
 draught of what happens to be here. ' 
 
 His draught was a model of simplicity and singleness ; for, 
 having uplifted the ponderous vase, he held it to his lips, till 
 he had drained it of the very copious remnant which the 
 abrupt departure of the abbot had caused Seithenyn to leave 
 in it. 
 
 Taliesin proceeded to enjoy the hospitality of the brethren, 
 who set before him a very comfortable hot supper, at which 
 he quickly perceived that, however dexterous King Elphin 
 might be at catching fish, the monks of Avallon were very far 
 his masters in the three great arts of cooking it, serving it up, 
 and washing it down ; but he had not time to profit by their 
 skill and experience in these matters, for he received a press- 
 ing invitation to the castle of Melvas, which he obeyed 
 immediately. 
 
 109 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 THE RIGHT OF MIGHT 
 
 The three triumphs of the bards of the isle of Britain : the triumph of 
 learning over ignorance ; the triumph of reason over error ; and the 
 triumph of peace over violence. — Triads of Bardism. 
 
 ' Friend Seithenyn,' said the abbot, when, having passed the 
 castle gates, and soHcited an audience, he was proceeding to 
 the presence of Melvas, ' this task, to which I have accinged 
 myself, is arduous, and in some degree awful ; being, in truth, 
 no less than to persuade a king to surrender a possession, which 
 he has inclination to keep for ever, and power to keep, at any 
 rate, for an indefinite time.' 
 
 ' Not so very indefinite,' said Seithenyn ; ' for with the 
 first song of the cuckoo (whom I mention on this occasion as 
 a party concerned) King Arthur will batter his castle about 
 his ears, and, in all likelihood, the abbey about yours.' 
 
 The abbot sighed heavily. 
 
 ' If your heart fail you,' said Seithenyn, ' another cup of 
 wine will set all to rights.' 
 
 ' Nay, nay, friend Seithenyn,' said the abbot, ' that which I 
 have already taken has just brought me to the point at which 
 the heart is inspirited, and the wit sharpened, without any 
 infraction of the wisdom and gravity which become my 
 character, and best suit my present business.' 
 
 Seithenyn, however, took an opportunity of making signs to 
 some cupbearers, and, when they entered the apartment of 
 Melvas, they were followed by vessels of wine and goblets of 
 gold. 
 
 King Melvas was a man of middle age, with a somewhat 
 round, large, regular-featured face, and an habitual smile of 
 
THE RIGHT OF MIGHT 
 
 extreme self-satisfaction, which he could occasionally convert 
 into a look of terrific ferocity, the more fearful for being rare. 
 His manners were, for the most part, pleasant. He did much 
 mischief, not for mischiefs sake, nor yet for the sake of ex- 
 citement, but for the sake of something tangible. He had a 
 total and most complacent indifference to everything but his 
 own will and pleasure. He took what he wanted wherever he 
 could find it, by the most direct process, and without any false 
 pretence. He would have disdained the trick which the 
 chroniclers ascribe to Hengist, of begging as much land as a 
 bull's hide would surround, and then shaving it into threads, 
 which surrounded a goodly space. If he wanted a piece of 
 land, he encamped upon it, saying, 'This is mine.' If the 
 former possessor could eject him, so ; it was not his : if not, 
 so ; it remained his. Cattle, wine, furniture, another man's 
 wife, whatever he took a fancy to, he pounced upon and 
 appropriated. He was intolerant of resistance ; and, as the 
 shortest way of getting rid of it, and not from any blood- 
 thirstiness of disposition, or, as the phrenologists have it, 
 development of the organ of destructiveness, he always cut 
 through the resisting body, longitudinally, horizontally, or 
 diagonally, as he found most convenient. He was the arch- 
 marauder of West Britain. The abbey of Avallon shared 
 largely in the spoil, and they made up together a most 
 harmonious church and state. He had some respect for King 
 Arthur ; wished him success against the Saxons ; knew the 
 superiority of his power to his own ; but he had heard that 
 Queen Gwenyvar was the most beautiful woman in Britain ; 
 was, therefore, satisfied of his own title to her, and, as she 
 was hunting in the forest, while King Arthur was absent from 
 Caer Lleon, he seized her, and carried her off. 
 
 ' Be seated, holy father,' said Melvas ; ' and you, also, 
 Seithenyn, unless the abbot wishes you away.' 
 
 But the abbot's heart misgave him, and he assented readily 
 to Seithenyn's stay. 
 
 Melvas. Now, holy father, to your important matter of 
 private conference. 
 
 Seithenyn. He is tongue-tied, and a cup too low. 
 
 The Abbot. Set the goblet before me, and I will sip in 
 moderation. 
 
 Melvas. Sip, or not sip, tell me your business. 
 Ill 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 The Abbot. My business, of a truth, touches the lady your 
 prisoner. King Arthur's queen. 
 
 Melvas. She is my queen, while I have her, and no 
 prisoner. Drink, man, and be not afraid. Speak your mind : 
 I will listen, and weigh your words. 
 
 The Abbot. This queen 
 
 Seithenyn. Obey the king : first drink, then speak. 
 
 The Abbot. I drink to please the king. 
 
 Melvas. Proceed. 
 
 The Abbot. This queen, Gwenyvar, is as beautiful as 
 Helen, who caused the fatal war that expelled our forefathers 
 from Troy : and I fear she will be a second Helen, and expel 
 their posterity from Britain, i The infidel Saxons, to whom 
 the cowardly and perfidious Vortigem gave footing in Britain, 
 have prospered even more by the disunion of her princes 
 than either by his villany, or their own valour. And now 
 there is no human hope against them but in the arms of 
 Arthur. And how shall his arms prosper against the common 
 enemy, if he be forced to turn them on the children of his o^vn 
 land for the recovery of his own wife ? 
 
 Melvas. What do you mean by his own ? That which he 
 has, is his own : but that which I have, is mine. I have the 
 wife in question, and some of the land. Therefore they are 
 mine. 
 
 The Abbot. Not so. The land is yours under fealty to 
 him. 
 
 Melvas. As much fealty as I please, or he can force me, 
 to give him. 
 
 The Abbot. His wife, at least, is most lawfully his. 
 
 Melvas. The winner makes the law, and his law is always 
 against the loser. I am so far the winner ; and, by my own 
 law, she is lawfully mine. 
 
 The Abbot. There is a law above all human law, by which 
 she is his. 
 
 Melvas. From that it is for you to absolve me ; and I 
 dispense my bounty according to your indulgence. 
 
 ' According to the British Chronicles, Brutus, the great -gratidson of 
 jEneas, having killed his father, Silvius, to fulfil a prophecy, went to 
 Greece, where he found the posterity of Helenus, the son of Priam ; 
 collected all of the Trojan race within the limits of Greece ; and, after 
 some adventures by land and sea, settled them in Britain, which was be- 
 fore uninhabited, ' except by a few giants.' 
 
 112 
 
' Ohey the king: Jirsi drink ^ then speak.'' 
 
THE RIGHT OF MIGHT 
 
 The Abbot. There are limits we must not pass. 
 
 MelvcLs. You set up your landmark, and I set up mine. 
 They are both movable. 
 
 The Abbot. The Church has not been niggardly in its 
 indulgences to King Melvas. 
 
 Melvas. Nor King Melvas in his gifts to the Church. 
 
 The Abbot. But, setting aside this consideration, I would 
 treat it as a question of policy. 
 
 Seithenyn. Now you talk sense. Right without might is 
 the lees of an old barrel, without a drop of the original 
 liquor. 
 
 The Abbot. I would appeal to you, King Melvas, by your 
 love to your common country, by your love of the name of 
 Britain, by your hatred of the infidel Saxons, by your respect 
 for the character of Arthur ; will you let your passion for a 
 woman, even though she be a second Helen, frustrate, or even 
 impede, the great cause, of driving these spoilers from a land 
 in which they have no right even to breathe .'' 
 
 Melvas. They have a right to do all they do, and to have 
 all they have. If we can drive them out, they will then have 
 no right here. Have not you and I a right to this good wine, 
 which seems to trip very merrily over your ghostly palate ? I 
 got it by seizing a good ship, and throwing the crew over- 
 board, just to remove them out of the way, because they were 
 troublesome. They disputed my right, but I taught them 
 better. I taught them a great moral lesson, though they had 
 not much time to profit by it. If they had had the might to 
 throw me overboard, I should not have troubled myself about 
 their right, any more, or, at any rate, any longer, than they 
 did about mine. 
 
 Seithenyn. The wine was lawful spoil of war. 
 
 The Abbot. But if King Arthur brings his might to bear 
 upon yours, I fear neither you nor I shall have a right to this 
 wine, nor to anything else that is here. 
 
 Seithenyn. Then make the most of it while you have it. 
 
 The Abbot. Now, while you have some months of security 
 before you, you may gain great glory by surrendering the lady ; 
 and, if you be so disposed, you may no doubt claim, from the 
 gratitude of King Arthur, the fairest princess of his court to 
 wife, and an ample dower withal. 
 
 Melvas. That offers something tangible. 
 
 Its 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Seitkenyn. Another ray from the golden goblet will set it 
 in a most luminous view. 
 
 The Abbot. Though I should advise the not making it a 
 condition, but asking it, as a matter of friendship, after the 
 first victory that you have helped him to gain over the Saxons. 
 
 Melvas. The worst of those Saxons is, that they offer 
 nothing tangible, except hard knocks. They bring nothing 
 with them. They come to take ; and lately they have not 
 taken much. But I will muse on your advice ; and, as it 
 seems, I may get more by following than rejecting it, I shall 
 very probably take it, provided that you now attend me to the 
 banquet in the hall. 
 
 Seitkenyn. Now you talk of the hall and the banquet, I 
 will just intimate that the finest of all youths, and the best of 
 all bards, is a guest in the neighbouring abbey. 
 
 Melvas. If so, I have a clear right to him, as a guest for 
 myself 
 
 The abbot was not disposed to gainsay King Melvas's right. 
 Taliesin was invited accordingly, and seated at the left hand 
 of the king, the abbot being on the right. Taliesin summoned 
 all the energies of his genius to turn the passions of Melvas 
 into the channels of Anti-Saxonism, and succeeded so perfectly, 
 that the king and his whole retinue of magnanimous heroes 
 were inflamed with intense ardour to join the standard of 
 Arthur ; and Melvas vowed most solemnly to Taliesin, that 
 another sun should not set, before Queen Gwenyvar should be 
 under the most honourable guidance on her return to Caer 
 Lleon. 
 
 ii6 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 THE CIRCLE OF THE BARDS 
 
 The three dignities of poetry : the union of the true and the wonderful ; 
 the union of the beautiful and the wise ; and the union of art and nature. 
 — Triads of Poetry. 
 
 Amongst the Christmas amusements of Caer Lleon, a grand 
 Bardic Congress was held in the Roman theatre, when the 
 principal bards of Britain contended for the pre-eminence in 
 the art of poetry, and in its appropriate moral and mystical 
 knowledge. The meeting was held by daylight. King Arthur 
 presided, being himself an irregular bard, and admitted, on 
 this public occasion, to all the efficient honours of a Bard of 
 Presidency. 
 
 To preside in the Bardic Congress was long a peculiar 
 privilege of the kings of Britain. It was exercised in the 
 seventh century by King Cadwallader. King Arthur was 
 assisted by twelve umpires, chosen by the bards, and con- 
 firmed by the king. 
 
 The Court, of course, occupied the stations of honour, and 
 every other part of the theatre was crowded with a candid and 
 liberal audience. 
 
 The bards sate in a circle on that part of the theatre 
 corresponding with the portion which we call the stage. 
 
 Silence was proclaimed by the herald ; and, after a grand 
 symphony, which was led off in fine style by the king's harper, 
 Geraint, Prince Cei came forward, and made a brief oration, 
 to the effect that any of the profane, who should be irregular 
 and tumultuous, would be forcibly removed from the theatre, 
 to be dealt with at the discretion of the officer of the guard. 
 Silence was then a second time proclaimed by the herald. 
 
 117 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Each bard, as he stood forward, was subjected to a number 
 of interrogatories, metrical and mystical, which need not be 
 here reported. Many bards sang many songs. Amongst 
 them, Prince Llywarch sang 
 
 GORWYNION Y GAUAV 
 
 THE BRILLIANCIES OF WINTER 
 
 Last of flowers, in tufts around 
 Shines the gorse's golden bloom : 
 Milk-white lichens clothe the ground 
 'Mid the flowerless heath and broom : 
 Bright are holly-berries, seen 
 Red, through leaves of glossy green. 
 
 Brightly, as on rocks they leap. 
 Shine the sea-waves, white with spray ; 
 Brightly, in the dingles deep, 
 Gleams the river's foaming way ; 
 Brightly through the distance show 
 Mountain-summits clothed in snow. 
 
 Brightly, where the torrents bound. 
 Shines the frozen colonnade. 
 Which the black rocks, dripping round, 
 And the flying spray have made : 
 Bright the ice-drops on the ash 
 Leaning o'er the cataract's dash. 
 
 Bright the hearth, where feast and song 
 Crown the warrior's hour of peace, 
 While the snow-storm drives along. 
 Bidding war's worse tempest cease ; 
 Bright the hearth-flame, flashing clear 
 On the up-hung shield and spear. 
 
 Bright the torchlight of the hall 
 When the wintry night-winds blow ; 
 Brightest when its splendours fall 
 On the mead-cup's sparkling flow : 
 While the maiden's smile of light 
 Makes the brightness trebly bright. 
 
 Close the portals ; pile the hearth ; 
 
 Strike the harp ; the feast pursue ; 
 
 Il8 
 
THE CIRCLE OF THE BARDS 
 
 Brim the horns : fire, music, mirth, 
 Mead and love, are winter's due. 
 Spring to purple conflict calls 
 Swords that shine on winter's walls. 
 
 Llywarch's song was applauded, as presenting a series of 
 images with which all present were familiar, and which were 
 all of them agreeable. 
 
 Merlin sang some verses of the poem which is called 
 
 AVALLENAU MYRDDIN 
 
 MERLIN'S APPLE-TREES 
 
 Fair the gift to Merlin given. 
 Apple-trees seven score and seven ; 
 Equal all in age and size ; 
 On a green hill-slope, that lies 
 Basking in the southern sun. 
 Where bright waters murmuring run. 
 
 Just beneath the pure stream flows ; 
 High above the forest grows ; 
 Not again on earth is found 
 Such a slope of orchard ground : 
 Song of birds, and hum of bees, 
 Ever haunt the apple-trees. 
 
 Lovely green their leaves in spring ; 
 Lovely bright their blossoming : 
 Sweet the shelter and the shade 
 By their summer foliage made : 
 Sweet the fruit their ripe boughs hold, 
 Fruit delicious, tinged with gold. 
 
 Gloyad, nymph with tresses bright, 
 Teeth of pearl, and eyes of light, 
 Guards these gifts of Ceidio's son, 
 Gwendol, the lamented one. 
 Him, whose keen-edged sword no more 
 Flashes 'mid the battle's roar. 
 
 War has raged on vale and hill : 
 That fair grove was peaceiul still. 
 There have chiefs and princes sought 
 Solitude and tranquil thought : 
 119 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 There have kings, from courts and throngs, 
 Turned to Merlin's wild-wood songs. 
 
 Now from echoing woods I hear 
 Hostile axes sounding near : 
 On the sunny slope reclined, 
 Feverish grief disturbs my mind. 
 Lest the wasting edge consume 
 My fair spot of fruit and bloom. 
 
 Lovely trees, that long alone 
 In the sylvan vale have grown, 
 Bare, your sacred plot around, 
 Grows the once wood-waving ground : 
 Fervent valour guards ye still ; 
 Yet my soul presages ill. 
 
 Well I know, when years have flown, 
 Briars shall grow where ye have grown : 
 Them in turn shall power uproot ; 
 Then again shall flowers and fruit 
 Flourish in the sunny breeze. 
 On my new-born apple-trees. 
 
 This song was heard with much pleasure, especially by 
 those of the audience who could see, in the imagery of the 
 apple-trees, a mystical type of the doctrines and fortunes of 
 Druidism, to which Merlin was suspected of being secretly 
 attached, even under the very nose of St. David. 
 
 Aneurin sang a portion of his poem on the Battle of 
 Cattraeth ; in which he shadowed out the glory of Vortimer, 
 the weakness of Vortigem, the fascinations of Rowena, the 
 treachery of Hengist, and the vengeance of Emrys. 
 
 THE MASSACRE OF THE BRITONS 
 
 Sad was the day for Britain's land, 
 
 A day of ruin to the free, 
 
 When Gorthyn ^ stretched a friendly hand 
 
 To the dark dwellers of the sea.^ 
 
 But not in pride the Saxon trod. 
 
 Nor force nor fraud oppressed the brave. 
 
 ' Gwrtheyrn ; Vortigern. ^ Hengist and Horsa. 
 
 I20 
 
THE CIRCLE OF THE BARDS 
 
 Ere the grey stone and flowery sod 
 Closed o'er the blessed hero's grave, l 
 
 The twice-raised monarch ^ drank the charm, 
 The love-draught of the ocean-maid : ' 
 Vain then the Briton's heart and arm, 
 Keen spear, strong shield, and burnished blade. 
 
 ' Come to the feast of wine and mead,' 
 Spake the dark dweller of the sea : * 
 ' There shall the hours in mirth proceed ; 
 There neither sword nor shield shall be.' 
 
 Hard by the sacred temple's site. 
 Soon as the shades of evening fall. 
 Resounds with song and glows with light 
 The ocean-dweller's rude-built hall. 
 
 The sacred ground, where chiefs of yore 
 
 The everlasting fire adored. 
 
 The solemn pledge of safety bore. 
 
 And breathed not of the treacherous sword. 
 
 The amber wreath his temples bound ; 
 His vest concealed the murderous blade ; 
 As man to man, the board around, 
 The guileful chief his host arrayed. 
 
 None but the noblest of the land, 
 The flower of Britain's chiefs, were there : 
 Unarmed, amid the Saxon band. 
 They sate, the fatal feast to share. 
 
 Three hundred chiefs, three score and three. 
 Went, where the festal torches burned 
 Before the dweller of the sea : 
 They went j and three alone returned. 
 
 Till dawn the pale sweet mead they quaffed : 
 The ocean-chief unclosed his vest ; 
 His hand was on his dagger's haft, 
 And d^gers glared at every breast. 
 
 ' Gwrthevyr : Vortimer, who drove the Saxons out of Britain. 
 ^ Vortigern, who was, on the death of his son Vortimer, restored to 
 the throne from which he had been deposed. 
 
 ^ Ronwen ; Rowena. ^ Hengist. 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 But him, at Eidiol's • breast who aimed, 
 The mighty Briton's arm laid low : 
 His eyes with righteous anger flamed ; 
 He wrenched the dagger from the foe ; 
 
 And through the throng he cleft his way, 
 
 And raised without his battle-cry ; 
 
 And hundreds hurried to the fray, 
 
 From towns, and vales, and mountains high. 
 
 But Britain's best blood dyed the floor 
 Within the treacherous Saxon's hall ; 
 Of all, the golden chain who wore. 
 Two only answered Eidiol's call. 
 
 Then clashed the sword ; then pierced the lance ; 
 Then by the axe the shield was riven ; 
 Then did the steed on Cattraeth prance, 
 And deep in blood his hoofs were driven. 
 
 Even as the flame consumes the wood. 
 So Eidiol rushed along the field ; 
 As sinks the snow-bank in the flood, 
 So did the ocean-rovers yield. 
 
 The spoilers from the fane he drove ; 
 He hurried to the rock -built tower. 
 Where the base king,^ in mirth and love, 
 Sate with his Saxon paramour. ^ 
 
 The storm of arms was on the gate. 
 The blaze of torches in the hall, 
 So swift, that ere they feared their fate, 
 The flames had scaled their chamber wall. 
 
 They died : for them no Briton grieves ; 
 No planted flower above them waves ; 
 No hand removes the withered leaves 
 That strew their solitary graves. 
 
 And time the avenging day brought round 
 That saw the sea-chief vainly sue : 
 To make his false host bite the ground 
 Was all the hope our warrior knew. 
 
 Eidiol or Emrys : Emrys Wledig : Ambrosius. 
 ^ Vortigern and Rowena. 
 122 
 
THE CIRCLE OF THE BARDS 
 
 And evermore the strife he led, 
 Disdaining peace, with princely might. 
 Till, on a spear, the spoiler's ^ head 
 Was reared on Caer-y-Cynan's height. 
 
 The song of Aneurin touched deeply on the sympathies of 
 the audience, and was followed by a grand martial symphony, 
 in the midst of which Taliesin appeared in the Circle of Bards. 
 King Arthur welcomed him with great joy, and sweet smiles 
 were showered upon him from all the beauties of the court. 
 
 Taliesin answered the metrical and mystical questions to 
 the astonishment of the most proficient ; and, advancing, in his 
 turn, to the front of the circle, he sang a portion of a poem 
 which is now called Hanes Taliesin, The History of Taliesin; 
 but which shall be here entitled 
 
 THE CAULDRON OF CERIDWEN 
 
 The sage Ceridwen was the wife 
 Of Tegid Voel, of Pemble Mere : 
 Two children blest their wedded life, 
 Morvran and Creirwy, fair and dear : 
 Morvran, a son of peerless worth, 
 And Creirwy, loveliest nymph of earth : 
 But one more son Ceridwen bare. 
 As foul as they before were fair. 
 
 She strove to make Avagddu wise ; 
 She knew he never could be fair : 
 And, studying magic mysteries. 
 She gathered plants of virtue rare : 
 She placed the gifted plants to steep 
 Within the magic cauldron deep. 
 Where they a year and day must boil. 
 Till three drops crown the matron's toil. 
 
 Nine damsels raised the mystic flame ; 
 Gwion the Little near it stood : 
 The while for simples roved the dame 
 Through tangled dell and pathless wood. 
 And, when the year and day had past. 
 The dame within the cauldron cast 
 The consummating chaplet wild, 
 While Gwion held the hideous child. 
 
 ■* Hengist. 
 123 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 But from the cauldron rose a smoke 
 
 That filled with darkness all the air : 
 
 When through its folds the torchlight broke. 
 
 Nor Gwion, nor the boy, was there. 
 
 The fire was dead, the cauldron cold, 
 
 And in it lay, in sleep uproUed, 
 
 Fair as the morning-star, a child, 
 
 That woke, and stretched its arms, and smiled. 
 
 What chanced her labours to destroy, 
 
 She never knew ; and sought in vain 
 
 If 'twere her own misshapen boy, 
 
 Or little Gwion, bora again : 
 
 And, vext with doubt, the babe she rolled 
 
 In cloth of purple and of gold. 
 
 And in a coracle consigned 
 
 Its fortunes to the sea and wind. 
 
 The summer night was still and bright. 
 The summer moon was large and clear, 
 The frail bark, on the spring-tide's height, 
 Was floated into Elphin's weir. 
 The baby in his arms he raised : 
 His lovely spouse stood by, and gazed, 
 And, blessing it with gentle vow. 
 Cried ' Taliesin ! ' ' Radiant brow ! ' 
 
 And I am he : and well I know 
 Ceridwen's power protects me still ; 
 And hence o'er hill and vale I go. 
 And sing, unharmed, whate'er I will. 
 She has for me Time's veil withdrawn : 
 The images of things long gone, 
 The shadows of the coming days. 
 Are present to my visioned gaze. 
 
 And I have heard the words of power. 
 By Ceirion's solitary lake. 
 That bid, at midnight's thrilling hour, 
 Eryri's hundred echoes wake. 
 I to Diganwy's towers have sped. 
 And now Caer Lleon's halls I tread, 
 Demanding justice, now, as then, 
 From Maelgon, most unjust of men. 
 
 The audience shouted with delight at the song of Taliesin, 
 and King Arthur, as President of the Bardic Congress, con- 
 ferred on him, at once, the highest honours of the sitting. 
 
 124 
 
THE CIRCLE OF THE BARDS 
 
 Where Taliesin picked up the story which he told of him- 
 self, why he told it, and what he meant by it, are questions not 
 easily answered. Certain it is, that he told this story to his 
 contemporaries, and that none of them contradicted it. It 
 may, therefore, be presumed that they believed it ; as any one 
 who pleases is most heartily welcome to do now. 
 
 Besides the single songs, there were songs in dialogue, 
 approaching very nearly to the character of dramatic poetry ; 
 and pennillion, or unconnected stanzas, sung in series by 
 different singers, the stanzas being complete in themselves, 
 simple as Greek epigrams, and presenting in succession moral 
 precepts, pictures of natural scenery, images of war or of 
 festival, the lamentations of absence or captivity, and the com- 
 plaints or triumphs of love. This pennillion-singing long sur- 
 vived among the Welsh peasantry almost every other vestige 
 of bardic customs, and may still be heard among them on the 
 few occasions on which rack-renting, tax-collecting, common- 
 enclosing, methodist- preaching, and similar developments of 
 the light of the age, have left them either the means or inclina- 
 tion of making merry. 
 
 125 
 
CHAPTER XVI 
 
 THE JUDGMENTS OF ARTHUR 
 
 Three things to which success cannot fail where they shall justly be : 
 discretion, exertion, and hope. — TRIADS OF WISDOM. 
 
 King Arthur had not long returned to his hall, when Queen 
 Gwenyvar arrived, escorted by the Abbot of Avallon and 
 Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi, who had brought his golden 
 goblet, to gain a new harvest of glory from the cellars of Caer 
 Lleon. 
 
 Seithenyn assured King Arthur, in the name of King Melvas, 
 and on the word of a king, backed by that of his butler, which, 
 truth being in wine, is good warranty even for a king, that the 
 queen returned as pure as on the day King Melvas had carried 
 her off. 
 
 ' None here will doubt that,' said Gwenvach, the wife of 
 Modred. Gwenyvar was not pleased with the compliment, 
 and, almost before she had saluted King Arthur, she turned 
 suddenly round, and slapped Gwenvach on the face, with a 
 force that brought more crimson into one cheek than blushing 
 had ever done into both. This slap is recorded in the Bardic 
 Triads as one of the Three Fatal Slaps of the Island of Britain. 
 A terrible effect is ascribed to this small cause ; for it is said 
 to have been the basis of that enmity between Arthur and 
 Modred which terminated in the battle of Camlan, wherein all 
 the flower of Britain perished on both sides : a catastrophe 
 more calamitous than any that ever before or since happened 
 in Christendom, not even excepting that of the battle of 
 Roncesvalles ; for, in the battle of Camlan, the Britons ex- 
 hausted their own strength, and could no longer resist the 
 
 i«^ 
 
This sla.p is recorded in the Bardic Triads as one of the Three Fatal Slaps. 
 
THE JUDGMENTS OF ARTHUR 
 
 progress of the Saxon supremacy. This, however, was a later 
 result, and comes not within the scope of the present veridicous 
 narrative. 
 
 Gwenvach having flounced out of the hall, and the tumult 
 occasioned by this little incident having subsided. Queen 
 Gwenyvar took her ancient seat by the side of King Arthur, 
 who proceeded to inquire into the circumstances of her restora- 
 tion. The Abbot of Avallon began an oration, in praise of his 
 own eloquence, and its miraculous effects on King Melvas ; 
 but he was interrupted by Seithenyn, who said, ' The abbot's 
 eloquence was good and well timed ; but the chief merit be- 
 longs to this young bard, who prompted him with good counsel, 
 and to me, who inspirited him with good liquor. If he had 
 not opened his mouth pretty widely when I handed him this 
 golden goblet, exclaiming GwiN O EUR, he would never have 
 had the heart to open it to any other good purpose. But the 
 most deserving person is this very promising youth, in whom I 
 can see no fault, but that he has not the same keen perception 
 as my friend the abbot has of the excellent relish of wine from 
 gold. To be sure, he plied me very hard with strong drink in 
 the hall of Dinas Vawr, and thereby wormed out of me the 
 secret of Queen Gwenyvar's captivity ; and, afterwards, he pur- 
 sued us to Avallon, where he persuaded me and the abbot, and 
 the abbot persuaded King Melvas, that it would be better for 
 all parties to restore the queen peaceably : and then he clenched 
 the matter with the very best song I ever heard in my life. 
 And, as my young friend has a boon to ask, I freely give him 
 all my share of the merit, and the abbot's into the bargain.' 
 
 ' Allow me, friend GwiN o EUR,' said the abbot, ' to dispose 
 of my own share of merit in my own way. But, such as it is, 
 I freely give it to this youth, in whom, as you say, I can see 
 no fault, but that his head is brimful of Pagan knowledge.' 
 
 Arthur paid great honour to Taliesin, and placed him on 
 his left hand at the banquet. He then said to him, ' I judge, 
 from your song of this morning, that the boon you require 
 from me concerns Maelgon Gwyneth. What is his trans- 
 gression, and what is the justice you require ? ' 
 
 Taliesin narrated the adventures of Elphin in such a manner 
 as gave Arthur an insight into his affection for Melanghel ; 
 and he supplicated King Arthur to command and enforce the 
 liberation of Elphin from the Stone Tower of Diganwy. 
 K 129 
 
THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN 
 
 Before King Arthur could signify his assent, Maelgon 
 Gwyneth stalked into the hall, followed by a splendid retinue. 
 He had been alarmed by the absence of Rhun, had sought 
 him in vain on the banks of the Mawddach, had endeavoured 
 to get at the secret by pouncing upon Angharad and 
 Melanghel, and had been baffled in his project by the vigilance 
 of Teithrin ap Tathral. He had, therefore, as a last resort, 
 followed Taliesin to Caer Lleon, conceiving that he might 
 have had some share in the mysterious disappearance of Rhun. 
 
 Arthur informed him that he was in possession of all the 
 circumstances, and that Rhun, who was in safe custody, would 
 be liberated on the restoration of Elphin. 
 
 Maelgon boiled with rage and shame, but had no alternative 
 but submission to the will of Arthur. 
 
 King Arthur commanded that all the parties should be 
 brought before him. Caradoc was charged with the execution 
 of this order, and, having received the necessary communica- 
 tions and powers from Maelgon and Taliesin, he went first to 
 Diganwy, where he liberated Elphin, and then proceeded to 
 give effect to Teithrin's declaration, that ' no hand but Elphin's 
 should raise the stone of Rhun's captivity.' Rhun, while his 
 pleasant adventure had all the gloss of novelty upon it, and 
 his old renown as a gay deceiver was consequently in such 
 dim eclipse, was very unwilling to present himself before the 
 ladies of Caer Lleon ; but Caradoc was peremptory, and 
 carried off the crestfallen prince, together with his bard of all 
 work, who was always willing to go to any court, with any 
 character, or none. 
 
 Accordingly, after a moderate lapse of time, Caradoc re- 
 appeared in the hall of Arthur, with the liberated captives, 
 accompanied by Angharad and Melanghel, and Teithrin ap 
 Tathral. 
 
 King Arthur welcomed the new-comers with a magnificent 
 festival, at which all the beauties of his court were present, 
 and, addressing himself to Elphin, said, ' We are all debtors 
 to this young bard : my queen and myself for her restoration 
 to me ; you for your liberation from the Stone Tower of 
 Diganwy. Now, if there be, amongst all these ladies, one 
 whom he would choose for his bride, and in whose eyes he 
 may find favour, I will give the bride a dowry worthy of the 
 noblest princess in Britain.' 
 
 130 
 
THE JUDGMENTS OF ARTHUR 
 
 Taliesin, thus encouraged, took the hand of Melanghel, 
 who did not attempt to withdraw it, but turned to her father a 
 blushing face, in which he read her satisfaction and her 
 wishes. Elphin immediately said, ' I have nothing to give 
 him but my daughter ; but her I most cordially give him.' 
 
 Taliesin said, ' I owe to Elphin more than I can ever 
 repay : life, honour, and happiness.' 
 
 Arthur said,, 'You have not paid him ill; but you owe 
 nothing to Maelgon and Rhun, who are your debtors for a 
 lesson of justice, which I hope they will profit by during the 
 rest of their lives. Therefore Maelgon shall defray the charge 
 of your wedding, which shall be the most splendid that has 
 been seen in Caer Lleon.' 
 
 Maelgon looked exceedingly grim, and wished himself well 
 back in Diganwy. 
 
 There was a very pathetic meeting of recognition between 
 Seithenyn and his daughter ; at the end of which he requested 
 her husband's interest to obtain for him the vacant post of 
 second butler to King Arthur. He obtained this honourable 
 office ; and was so zealous in the fulfilment of its duties, that, 
 unless on actual service with a detachment of liquor, he never 
 was a minute absent from the Temple of Diana. 
 
 At a subsequent Bardic Congress, Taliesin was unanimously 
 elected Pen Beirdd, or Chief of the Bards of Britain. The 
 kingdom of Caredigion flourished under the protection of 
 Arthur, and, in the ripeness of time, passed into the hands of 
 Avaon, the son of Taliesin and Melanghel. 
 
 131 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 OR 
 
 THE THESSALIAN SPELL 
 
Rogo vos, oportet, credatis, sunt mulieres plus sciae, sunt 
 nocturnae, et quod sursum est deorsum faciunt. — Petronius, 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The ancient celebrity of Thessalian magic is familiar, even 
 from Horace, to every classical reader. The Metamorphoses 
 of Apuleius turn entirely upon it, and the following passage in 
 that work might serve as the text of a long commentary on 
 the subject. ' Considering that I was now in the middle of 
 Thessaly, celebrated by the accordant voice of the world as 
 the birthplace of the magic art, I examined all things with 
 intense curiosity. Nor did I believe anything which I saw in 
 that city (Hypata) to be what it appeared ; but I imagined 
 that every object around me had been changed by incantation 
 from its natural shape ; that the stones of the streets, and the 
 waters of the fountains, were indurated and liquefied human 
 bodies ; and that the trees which surrounded the city, and the 
 birds which were singing in their boughs, were equally human 
 beings, in the disguise of leaves and feathers. I expected the 
 statues and images to walk, the walls to speak ; I anticipated 
 prophetic voices from the cattle, and oracles from the morning 
 sky.' 
 
 According to Pliny, Menander, who was skilled in the 
 subtleties of learning, composed a Thessalian drama, in which 
 he comprised the incantations and magic ceremonies of women 
 drawing down the moon. Pliny considers the belief in magic 
 as the combined effect of the operations of three powerful 
 causes, medicine, superstition, and the mathematical arts. He 
 does not mention music, to which the ancients (as is shown by 
 the fables of Orpheus, Amphion, the Sirens, etc.) ascribed the 
 most miraculous powers : but, strictly speaking, it was included 
 in the mathematical arts, as being a science of numerical 
 proportion. 
 
 The belief in the supernatural powers of music and pharmacy 
 
 135 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 ascends to the earliest ages of poetry. Its most beautiful 
 forms are the Circe of Homer, and Medea in the days of her 
 youth, as she appears in the third book of Apollonius. 
 
 Lucian's treatise on the Syrian Goddess contains much 
 wild and wonderful imagery ; and his Philopseudes, though it 
 does not mention Thessalian magic in particular, is a com- 
 pendium of almost all the ideas entertained by the ancients of 
 supernatural power, distinct from, and subordinate to, that of 
 the gods ; though the gods were supposed to be drawn from 
 their cars by magic, and compelled, however reluctantly, to 
 yield it a temporary obedience. These subjects appear to 
 have been favourite topics with the ancients in their social 
 hours, as we may judge from the Philopseudes, and from the 
 tales related by Niceros and Trimalchio at the feast given by 
 the latter in the Satyricon of Petronius. Trimalchio concludes 
 his marvellous narrative by saying (in the words which form 
 the motto of this poem) : ' You must of necessity believe that 
 there are women of supernatural science, framers of nocturnal 
 incantations, who can turn the world upside down.' 
 
 It will appear from these references, and more might have 
 been made if it had not appeared superfluous, that the power 
 ascribed by the ancients to Thessalian magic is by no means 
 exaggerated in the following poem, though its forms are in 
 some measure diversified. 
 
 The opening scene of the poem is in the Temple of Love 
 at Thespia, a town of Boeotia, near the foot of Mount Helicon. 
 That Love was the principal deity of Thespia we learn from 
 Pausanias ; and Plutarch, in the beginning of his Erotic 
 dialogue, informs us that a festival in honour of this deity 
 was celebrated by the Thespians with great splendour every 
 fifth year. They also celebrated a quinquennial festival in 
 honour of the Muses, who had a sacred grove and temple in 
 Helicon. Both these festivals are noticed by Pausanias, who 
 mentions likewise the three statues of Love (though without 
 any distinguishing attributes), and those of Venus and Phryne 
 by Praxiteles. The Winged Love of Praxiteles, in Pentelican 
 marble, which he gave to his mistress Phryne, who bestowed 
 it on her native Thespia, was held in immense admiration by 
 the ancients. Cicero speaks of it as the great and only attrac- 
 tion of Thespia. 
 
 The time is an intermediate period between the age of the 
 136 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Greek tragedians, who are alluded to in the second canto, and 
 that of Pausanias, in whose time the Thespian altar had been 
 violated by Nero, and Praxiteles's statue of Love removed to 
 Rome, for which outrageous impiety, says Pausanias, he was 
 pursued by the just and manifest vengeance of the gods, who, 
 it would seem, had already terrified Claudius into restoring it, 
 when Caligula had previously taken it away. 
 
 The second song in the fifth canto is founded on the 
 Homeric hymn, ' Bacchus, or the Pirates.' Some other 
 imitations of classical passages, but for the most part inter- 
 woven with unborrowed ideas, will occur to the classical 
 reader. 
 
 The few notes subjoined are such as seemed absolutely 
 necessary to explain or justify the text. Those of the latter 
 description might, perhaps, have been more numerous, if much 
 deference had seemed due to that species of judgment, which, 
 having neither light nor tact of its own, can only see and feel 
 through the medium of authority. 
 
 (ro(pbs TToXXd eld(hs <pvq.' 
 
 fia86vT€s 5^ Xd/Spot 
 
 ■jrayyKwa-attif,, Kipo/ces tSs, &KpavTa. yapOerov 
 
 Ai6s Tpbt Spvix"- Beiov. 
 
 Pind. Olymp. ii. 
 
 137 
 
The bards and sages of departed Greece 
 
 Yet live, for mind survives material doom ; 
 
 Still, as of yore, beneath the myrtle bloom 
 
 They strike their golden lyres, in sylvan peace. 
 
 Wisdom and Liberty may never cease, 
 
 Once having been, to be : but from the tomb 
 
 Their mighty radiance streams along the gloom 
 
 Of ages evermore without decrease. 
 
 Among those gifted bards and sages old. 
 
 Shunning the living world, I dwell, and hear, 
 
 Reverent, the creeds they held, the tales they told : 
 
 And from the songs that charmed their latest ear, 
 
 A yet ungathered wreath, with fingers bold, 
 
 I weave, of bleeding love and magic mysteries drear. 
 
 139 
 
CANTO I 
 
CANTO I 
 
 The rose and myrtle blend in beauty 
 
 Round Thespian Love's hypsethric fane ; 
 
 And there alone, with festal duty 
 
 Of joyous song and choral train, 
 
 From many a mountain, stream, and vale. 
 
 And many a city fair and free. 
 
 The sons of Greece commingling hail 
 
 Love's primogenial deity. 
 
 Central amid the myrtle grove 
 That venerable temple stands : 
 Three statues, raised by gifted hands, 
 Distinct with sculptured emblems fair, 
 His threefold influence imaged bear, 
 Creative, Heavenly, Earthly Love.^ 
 The first, of stone and sculpture rude, 
 From immemorial time has stood ; 
 Not even in vague tradition known 
 The hand that raised that ancient stone. 
 Of brass the next, with holiest thought, 
 The skill of Sicyon's artist wrought.- 
 The third, a marble form divine. 
 That seems to move, and breathe, and smile, 
 Fair Phryne to this holy shrine 
 Conveyed, when her propitious wile 
 Had forced her lover to impart 
 The choicest treasure of his art.^ 
 Her, too, in sculptured beauty's pride. 
 His skill has placed by Venus' side ; 
 Nor well the enraptured gaze descries 
 Which best might claim the Hesperian prize. 
 
 Fairest youths and maids assembhng 
 
 143 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Dance the myrtle bowers among : 
 
 Harps to softest numbers trembling 
 
 Pour the impassioned strain along, 
 
 Where the poet's gifted song 
 
 Holds the intensely listening throng. 
 
 Matrons grave and sages grey 
 
 Lead the youthful train to pay 
 
 Homage on the opening day 
 
 Of Love's returning festival : 
 
 Every fruit and every flower 
 
 Sacred to his gentler power, 
 
 Twined in garlands bright and sweet, 
 
 They place before his sculptured feet, 
 
 And on his name they call : 
 
 From thousand lips, with glad acclaim, 
 
 Is breathed at once that sacred name ; 
 
 And music, kindling at the sound. 
 
 Wafts hoHer, tenderer strains around : 
 
 The rose a richer sweet exhales ; 
 
 The myrtle waves in softer gales ; 
 
 Through every breast one influence flies ; 
 
 All hate, all evil passion dies ; 
 
 The heart of man, in that blest spell. 
 
 Becomes at once a sacred cell. 
 
 Where Love, and only Love, can dwell.* 
 
 From Ladon's shores Anthemion came. 
 Arcadian Ladon, loveliest tide 
 Of all the streams of Grecian name 
 Through rocks and sylvan hills that glide. 
 The flower of all Arcadia's youth 
 Was he : such form and face, in truth. 
 As thoughts of gentlest maidens seek 
 In their day-dreams : soft glossy hair 
 Shadowed his forehead, snowy-fair, 
 With many a hyacinthine cluster : 
 Lips, that in silence seemed to speak. 
 Were his, and eyes of mild blue lustre : 
 And even the paleness of his cheek, 
 The passing trace of tender care. 
 Still shewed how beautiful it were 
 If its own natural bloom were there. 
 144 
 
X-^ 
 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 His native vale, whose mountains high 
 The barriers of his world had been, 
 His cottage home, and each dear scene 
 His haunt from earliest infancy. 
 He left, to Love's fair fane to bring 
 His simple wild-flower offering. 
 She with whose life his life was twined. 
 His own Calliroe, long had pined 
 With some strange ill, and none could find 
 What secret cause did thus consume 
 That peerless maiden's roseate bloom : 
 The Asclepian sage's skill was vain ; 
 And vainly have their vows been paid 
 To Pan, beneath the odorous shade 
 Of his tall pine ; and other aid 
 Must needs be sought to save the maid : 
 And hence Anthemion came, to try 
 In Thespia's old solemnity, 
 If such a lover's prayers may gain 
 From Love in his primEeval fane. 
 
 He mingled in the votive train. 
 That moved around the altar's base. 
 Every statue's beauteous face 
 Was turned towards that central altar. 
 Why did Anthemion's footsteps falter ? 
 Why paused he, like a tale-struck child. 
 Whom darkness fills with fancies wild ? 
 A vision strange his sense had bound : 
 It seemed the brazen statue frovmed — 
 The marble statue smiled. 
 A moment, and the semblance fled : 
 And when again he lifts his head. 
 Each sculptured face alone presents 
 Its fixed and placid lineaments. 
 
 He bore a simple wild-flower wreath : 
 Narcissus, and the sweet-briar rose ; 
 Vervain, and flexile thyme, that breathe 
 Rich fragrance ; modest heath, that glows 
 With purple bells ; the amaranth bright, 
 That no decay nor fading knows. 
 Like true love's holiest, rarest light ; 
 
 147 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And every purest flower, that blows 
 
 In that sweet time, which Love most blesses, 
 
 When spring on summer's confines presses. 
 
 Beside the altar's foot he stands. 
 And murmurs low his suppliant vow. 
 And now uplifts with duteous hands 
 The votive wild-flower wreath, and now — 
 At once, as when in vernal night 
 Comes pale frost or eastern blight. 
 Sweeping with destructive wing 
 Banks untimely blossoming, 
 Droops the wreath, the wild-flowers die ; 
 One by one on earth they lie. 
 Blighted strangely, suddenly. 
 
 His brain swims round ; portentous fear 
 Across his wildered fancy flies : 
 Shall death thus seize his maiden dear ? 
 Does Love reject his sacrifice ? 
 He caught the arm of a damsel near, 
 And soft sweet accents smote his ear : 
 — ' What ails thee, stranger ? Leaves are sear. 
 And flowers are dead, and fields are drear, 
 And streams are wild, and skies are bleak. 
 And white with snow each mountain's peak, 
 When winter rules the year ; 
 And children grieve, as if for aye 
 Leaves, flowers, and birds were past away : 
 But buds and blooms again are seen. 
 And fields are gay, and hills are green. 
 And streams are bright, and sweet birds sing ; 
 And where is the infant's sorrowing ? ' — 
 
 Dimly he heard the words she said. 
 Nor well their latent meaning drew ; 
 But languidly he raised his head. 
 And on the damsel fixed his view. 
 Was it a form of mortal mould 
 That did his dazzled sense impress ? 
 Even painful from its loveliness ! 
 Her bright hair, in the noonbeams glowing, 
 A rosebud wreath above confined, 
 From whence, as from a fountain, flowing, 
 148 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Long ringlets round her temples twined, 
 
 And fell in many a graceful fold, 
 
 Streaming in curls of feathery lightness 
 
 Around her neck's marmoreal whiteness. 
 
 Love, in the smile that round her lips. 
 
 Twin roses of persuasion, played, 
 
 - — Nectaries of balmier sweets than sips 
 
 The Hymettian bee, — his ambush laid ; 
 
 And his own shafts of liquid fire 
 
 Came on the soul with sweet surprise, 
 
 Through the soft dews of young desire 
 
 That trembled in her large dark eyes ; 
 
 But in those eyes there seemed to move 
 
 A flame, almost too bright for love. 
 
 That shone, with intermitting flashes. 
 
 Beneath their long deep-shadowy lashes. 
 
 — ' What ails thee, youth ? ' — her lips repeat. 
 
 In tones more musically sweet 
 
 Than breath of shepherd's twilight reed, 
 
 From far to woodland echo borne, 
 
 That floats like dew o'er stream and mead. 
 
 And whispers peace to souls that mourn. 
 
 — ' What ails thee, youth ? ' — ' A fearful sign 
 
 For one whose dear sake led me hither : 
 
 Love repels me from his shrine, 
 
 And seems to say : That maid divine 
 
 Like these ill-omened flowers shall wither.' — 
 
 — ' Flowers may die on many a stem ; 
 
 Fruits may fall from many a tree ; 
 
 Not the more for loss of them 
 
 Shall this fair world a desert be : 
 
 Thou in every grove wilt see 
 
 Fruits and flowers enough for thee. 
 
 Stranger ! I with thee will share 
 
 The votive fruits and flowers I bear, 
 
 Rich in fragrance, fresh in bloom ; 
 
 These may find a happier doom : 
 
 If they change not, fade not now, 
 
 Deem that Love accepts thy vow.' — 
 
 The youth, mistrustless, from the maid 
 Received, and on the altar laid 
 149 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The votive wreath : it did not fade ; 
 
 And she on his her offering threw. 
 
 Did fancy cloud Anthemion's view ? 
 
 Or did those sister garlands fair 
 
 Indeed entwine and blend again, 
 
 Wreathed into one, even as they were, 
 
 Ere she, their brilliant sweets to share, 
 
 Unwove their flowery chain ? 
 
 She fixed on him her radiant eyes, 
 
 And — ' Love's propitious power,' — she said, — 
 
 ' Accepts thy second sacrifice. 
 
 The sun descends tow'rds ocean's bed. 
 
 Day by day the sun doth set. 
 
 And day by day the sun doth rise. 
 
 And grass with evening dew-drops wet 
 
 The morning radiance dries : 
 
 And what if beauty slept, where peers 
 
 That mossy grass ? and lover's tears 
 
 Were mingled with that evening dew ? 
 
 The morning sun would dry them too. 
 
 Many a loving heart is near. 
 
 That shall its phghted love forsake : 
 
 Many lips are breathing here 
 
 Vows a few short days will break : 
 
 Many, lone amidst mankind, 
 
 Claim from Love's unpitying power 
 
 The kindred heart they ne'er shall find : 
 
 Many, at this festal hour. 
 
 Joyless in the joyous scene. 
 
 Pass, with idle glance unmoved, 
 
 Even those whom they could best have loved, 
 
 Had means of mutual knowledge been : 
 
 Some meet for once and part for aye. 
 
 Like thee and me, and scarce a day 
 
 Shall each by each remembered be : 
 
 But take the flower I give to thee, 
 
 And till it fades remember me.' — 
 
 Anthemion answered not : his brain 
 Was troubled with conflicting thought : 
 A dim and dizzy sense of pain 
 That maid's surpassing beauty brought ; 
 
 ISO 
 
>:.i^?\v' 
 
 K\ 
 
 Unco7isciausiy thcjiower lie took. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And strangely on his fancy wrought 
 
 Her mystic moralisings, fraught 
 
 With half-prophetic sense, and breathed 
 
 In tones so sweetly wild. 
 
 Unconsciously the flower he took, 
 
 And with absorbed admiring look 
 
 Gazed, as with fascinated eye 
 
 The lone bard gazes on the sky, 
 
 Who, in the bright clouds rolled and wreathed 
 
 Around the sun's descending car. 
 
 Sees shadowy rocks sublimely piled. 
 
 And phantom standards wide unfurled. 
 
 And towers of an aerial world 
 
 Embattled for unearthly war. 
 
 So stood Anthemion, till among 
 
 The mazes of the festal throng 
 
 The damsel from his sight had past ; 
 
 Yet well he marked that once she cast 
 
 A backward look, perchance to see 
 
 If he watched her still so fixedly. 
 
 153 
 
CANTO II 
 
CANTO II 
 
 Does Love so weave his subtle spell, 
 So closely bind his golden chain, 
 That only one fair form may dwell 
 In dear remembrance, and in vain 
 May other beauty seek to gain 
 A place that idol form beside 
 In feelings all pre-occupied ? 
 Or does one radiant image, shrined 
 Within the inmost soul's recess, 
 Exalt, expand, and make the mind 
 A temple, to receive and bless 
 AU forms of kindred loveliness ? 
 
 HowBEIT, as from those mj-rtle bowers. 
 And that bright altar cro-mied with flowers, 
 Anthemion turned, as thought's wild stream 
 Its interrupted course resumed. 
 Still, like the phantom of a dream, 
 Before his dazded memory bloomed 
 The image of that maiden strange : 
 Yet not a passing thought of change 
 He knew, nor once his fancy strayed 
 From his long-loved Arcadian maid. 
 Vaguely his mind the scene retraced. 
 Image on image wildly driven. 
 As in his bosom's fold he placed 
 The flower that radiant nymph had given. 
 With idle steps, at random bent. 
 Through Thespia's crowded ways he went ; 
 And on his troubled ear the strains 
 
 157 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Of choral music idly smote ; 
 
 And with vacant eye he saw the trains 
 
 Of youthful dancers round him float, 
 
 As the musing bard from his sylvan seat 
 
 Looks on the dance of the noontide heat, 
 
 Or the play of the watery flowers, that quiver 
 
 In the eddies of a lowland river. 
 
 Around, beside him, to and fro. 
 The assembled thousands hurrying go. 
 These the palaestric sports invite, 
 Where courage, strength, and skill contend ; 
 The gentler Muses those delight, 
 Where throngs of silent listeners bend. 
 While rival bards, with lips of fire. 
 Attune to love the impassioned lyre ; 
 Or where the mimic scene displays 
 Some solemn tale of elder days, 
 Despairing Phaedra's vengeful doom, 
 Alcestis' love too dearly tried. 
 Or Haemon dying on the tomb 
 That closes o'er his living bride.^ 
 
 But choral dance, and bardic strain, 
 Palaestric sport, and scenic tale, 
 Around Anthemion spread in vain 
 Their mixed attractions : sad and pale 
 He moved along, in musing sadness. 
 Amid all sights and sounds of gladness. 
 
 A sudden voice his musings broke. 
 He looked ; an aged man was near. 
 Of rugged brow, and eye severe. 
 — 'What evil,' — thus the stranger spoke, — 
 ' Has this our city done to thee. 
 Ill-omened boy, that thou should'st be 
 A blot on our solemnity? 
 Or what Alastor bade thee wear 
 That laurel-rose, to Love profane. 
 Whose leaves, in semblance falsely fair 
 Of Love's maternal flower, contain 
 For purest fragrance deadliest bane ? ^ 
 Art thou a scomer ? dost thou throw 
 Defiance at his power ? Beware ! 
 
 158 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Full soon thy impious youth may know 
 
 What pangs his shafts of anger bear ; 
 
 For not the sun's descending dart, 
 
 Nor yet the lightning-brand of Jove, 
 
 Fall like the shaft that strikes the heart 
 
 Thrown by the mightier hand of Love.' — 
 
 — ' O stranger ! not with impious thought 
 
 My steps this holy rite have sought. 
 
 With pious heart and offerings due 
 
 I mingled in the votive train ; 
 
 Nor did I deem this flower profane ; 
 
 Nor she, I ween, its evil knew. 
 
 That radiant girl, who bade me cherish 
 
 Her memory till its bloom should perish. — 
 
 — ' Who, and what, and whence was she ? — 
 
 — ' A stranger till this hour to me.' — 
 
 — ' O youth, beware ! that laurel-rose 
 
 Around Larissa's evil walls 
 
 In tufts of rank luxuriance grows, 
 
 'Mid dreary valleys, by the falls 
 
 Of haunted streams ; and magic knows 
 
 No herb or plant of deadlier might, 
 
 When impious footsteps wake by night 
 
 The echoes of those dismal dells. 
 
 What time the murky midnight dew 
 
 Trembles on many a leaf and blossom. 
 
 That draws from earth's polluted bosom 
 
 Mysterious virtue, to imbue 
 
 The chalice of unnatural spells. 
 
 Oft, those dreary rocks among, 
 
 The murmurs of unholy song. 
 
 Breathed by lips as fair as hers 
 
 By whose false hands that flower was given, 
 
 The solid earth's firm breast have riven. 
 
 And burst the silent sepulchres. 
 
 And called strange shapes of ghastly fear. 
 
 To hold, beneath the sickening moon. 
 
 Portentous parle, at night's deep noon. 
 
 With beauty skilled in mysteries drear. 
 
 O youth ! Larissa's maids are fair ; 
 
 But the daemons of the earth and air 
 
 159 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Their spells obey, their councils share, 
 
 And wide o'er earth and ocean bear 
 
 Their mandates to the storms that tear 
 
 The rock-enrooted oak, and sweep 
 
 With whirlwind wings the labouring deep. 
 
 Their words of power can make the streams 
 
 Roll refluent on their mountain-springs, 
 
 Can torture sleep with direful dreams. 
 
 And on the shapes of earthly things, 
 
 Man, beast, bird, fish, with influence strange. 
 
 Breathe foul and fearful interchange. 
 
 And fix in marble bonds the form 
 
 Erewhile with natural being warm. 
 
 And give to senseless stones and stocks 
 
 Motion, and breath, and shape that mocks, 
 
 As far as nicest eye can scan. 
 
 The action and the life of man. 
 
 Beware ! yet once again beware ! 
 
 Kre round thy inexperienced mind. 
 
 With voice and semblance falsely fair, 
 
 A chain Thessalian magic bind. 
 
 Which never more, O youth ! believe. 
 
 Shall either earth or heaven unweave.' — 
 
 While yet he spoke, the morning scene, 
 In more portentous hues arrayed. 
 Dwelt on Anthemion's mind : a shade 
 Of deeper mystery veiled the mien 
 And words of that refulgent maid. 
 The frown, that, ere he breathed his vow, 
 Dwelt on the brazen statue's brow ; 
 His votive flowers, so strangely blighted ; 
 The wreath her beauteous hands untwined 
 To share with him, that, self-combined, 
 Its sister tendrils reunited, 
 Strange sympathy ! as in his mind 
 These forms of troubled memory blended 
 With dreams of evil undefined. 
 Of magic and Thessalian guile. 
 Now by the warning voice portended 
 Of that mysterious man, awhile, 
 Even when the stranger's speech had ended, 
 i6o 
 
He stood as if lie listened stilt. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 He stood as if he listened still. 
 
 At length he said : — ' O reverend stranger ! 
 
 Thy solemn words are words of fear. 
 
 Not for myself I shrink from danger ; 
 
 But there is one to me more dear 
 
 Than all within this earthly sphere, 
 
 And many are the omens ill 
 
 That threaten her : to Jove's high will 
 
 We bow ; but if in human skill 
 
 Be aught of aid or expiation 
 
 That may this peril turn away, 
 
 For old Experience holds his station 
 
 On that grave brow, O stranger ! say.' — 
 
 — ' O youth ! experience sad indeed 
 
 Is mine ; and should I tell my tale, 
 Therein thou might'st too clearly read 
 
 How little may all aid avail 
 
 To him, whose hapless steps around 
 
 Thessahan spells their chains have bound : 
 
 And yet such counsel as I may 
 
 I give to thee. Ere close of day 
 
 Seek thou the planes, whose broad shades fall 
 
 On the stream that laves yon mountain's base : 
 
 There on thy Natal Genius call'' 
 
 For aid, and with averted face 
 
 Give to the stream that flower, nor look 
 
 Upon the running wave again ; 
 
 For, if thou should'st, the sacred plane 
 
 Has heard thy suppliant vows in vain ; 
 
 Nor then thy Natal Genius can. 
 
 Nor Phoebus, nor Arcadian Pan, 
 
 Dissolve thy tenfold chain.' — • 
 
 The stranger said, and turned away. 
 
 Anthemion sought the plane-grove's shade. 
 
 'Twas near the closing hour of day. 
 
 The slanting sunbeam's golden ray. 
 
 That through the massy foliage made 
 
 Scarce here and there a passage, played 
 
 Upon the silver-eddying stream. 
 
 Even on the rocky channel throwing 
 
 Through the clear flood its golden gleam. 
 163 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The bright waves danced beneath the beam 
 
 To the music of their own sweet flowing. 
 
 The flowering sallows on the bank, 
 
 Beneath the o'ershadowing plane-trees wreathing 
 
 In sweet association, drank 
 
 The grateful moisture, round them breathing 
 
 Soft fragrance through the lonely wood. 
 
 There, where the mingling foliage wove 
 
 Its closest bower, two altars stood. 
 
 This to the Genius of the Grove, 
 
 That to the Naiad of the Flood. 
 
 So light a breath was on the trees, 
 
 That rather like a spirit's sigh 
 
 Than motion of an earthly breeze, 
 
 Among the summits broad and high 
 
 Of those tall planes its whispers stirred ; 
 
 And save that gentlest symphony 
 
 Of air and stream, no sound was heard, 
 
 But of the solitary bird. 
 
 That aye, at summer's evening hour. 
 
 When music save her own is none, 
 
 Attunes, from her invisible bower. 
 
 Her hymn to the descending sun. 
 
 Anthemion paused upon the shore : 
 All thought of magic's impious lore. 
 All dread of evil powers, combined 
 Against his peace, attempered ill 
 With that sweet scene ; and on his mind 
 Fair, graceful, gentle, radiant still, 
 The form of that strange damsel came ; 
 And something like a sense of shame 
 He felt, as if his coward thought 
 Foul wrong to guileless beauty wrought. 
 At length — ' O radiant girl ! ' — he said, — 
 ' If in the cause that bids me tread 
 These banks, be mixed injurious dread 
 Of thy fair thoughts, the fears of love 
 Must with thy injured kindness plead 
 My pardon for the wrongful deed. 
 Ye Nymphs and Sylvan Gods, that rove 
 The precincts of this sacred wood ! 
 164 
 
' 1/ round iity footsteps dwell unholy sign or evil spelL ' 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Thou, Achelous' gentle daughter, 
 Bright Naiad of this beauteous water ! 
 And thou, my Natal Genius good ! 
 Lo ! with pure hands the crystal flood 
 Collecting, on these altars blest, 
 Libation holiest, brightest, best, 
 I pour. If round my footsteps dwell 
 Unholy sign or evil spell, 
 Receive me in your guardian sway ; 
 And thou, O gentle Naiad ! bear 
 With this false flower those spells away. 
 If such be lingering there.' — 
 
 Then from the stream he turned his view. 
 And o'er his back the flower he threw. 
 Hark ! from the wave a sudden cry. 
 Of one in last extremity, 
 A voice as of a drowning maid ! 
 The echoes of the sylvan shade 
 Gave response long and drear. 
 He starts : he does not turn. Again ! 
 
 It is Calliroe's cry ! In vain 
 
 Could that dear maiden's cry of pain 
 
 Strike on Anthemion's ear ? 
 
 At once, forgetting all beside, 
 
 He turned to plunge into the tide. 
 
 But all again was still : 
 
 The sun upon the surface bright 
 
 Poured his last line of crimson light, 
 
 Half-sunk behind the hill : 
 
 But through the solemn plane-trees past 
 
 The pinions of a mightier blast, 
 
 And in its many-sounding sweep. 
 
 Among the foliage broad and deep. 
 
 Aerial voices seemed to sigh. 
 
 As if the spirits of the grove 
 
 Mourned, in prophetic sympathy 
 
 With some disastrous love. 
 
 167 
 
CANTO III 
 
CANTO III 
 
 By living streams, in sylvan shades, 
 Where winds and waves symphonious make 
 Sweet melody, the youths and maids 
 No more with choral music wake 
 Lone Echo from her tangled brake. 
 On Pan, or Sylvan Genius, calling, 
 Naiad or Nymph, in suppliant song : 
 No more by living fountain, falling 
 The poplar's circling bower among. 
 Where pious hands have carved of yore 
 Rude bason for its lucid store 
 And reared the grassy altar nigh. 
 The traveller, when the sun rides high. 
 For cool refreshment lingering there. 
 Pours to the Sister Nymphs his prayer. 
 Yet still the green vales smile : the springs 
 Gush forth in light : the forest weaves 
 Its own wild bowers ; the breeze's wings 
 Make music in their rustling leaves ; 
 But 'tis no spirit's breath that sighs 
 Among their tangled canopies : 
 In ocean's caves no Nereid dwells : 
 No Oread walks the mountain-dells : 
 The streams no sedge-crowned Genii roll 
 From bounteous urn : great Pan is dead : 
 The life, the intellectual soul 
 Of vale, and grove, and stream, has fled 
 For ever with the creed sublime 
 That nursed the Muse of earlier time. 
 171 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The broad moon rose o'er Thespia's walls, 
 And on the light wind's swells and falls 
 Came to Anthemion's ear the sounds 
 Of dance, and song, and festal pleasure. 
 As slowly tow'rds the city's bounds 
 He turned, his backward steps to measure. 
 But with such sounds his heart confessed 
 No sympathy : his mind was pressed 
 With thoughts too heavy to endure 
 The contrast of a scene so gay ; 
 And from the walls he turned away. 
 To where, in distant moonlight pure, 
 Mount Helicon's conspicuous height 
 Rose in the dark-blue vault of night. 
 Along the solitary road 
 Alone he went ; for who but he 
 On that fair night would absent be 
 From Thespia's joyous revelry ? 
 The sounds that on the soft air flowed 
 By slow degrees in distance died : 
 And now he climbed the rock's steep side. 
 Where frowned o'er sterile regions wide 
 Neptunian Ascra's ruined tower : ^ 
 Memorial of gigantic power : 
 But thoughts more dear and more refined 
 Awakening, in the pensive mind, 
 Of him, the Muses' gentlest son, 
 The shepherd-bard of Helicon, 
 Whose song, to peace and wisdom dear. 
 The Aonian Dryads loved to hear. 
 
 By Aganippe's fountain-wave 
 Anthemion passed : the moonbeams fell 
 Pale on the darkness of the cave, 
 Within whose mossy rock-hewn cell 
 The sculptured form of Linus stood, 
 Primaeval bard. The Nymphs for him 
 Through every spring, and mountain flood, 
 Green vale, and twilight woodland dim, 
 Long wept : all living nature wept 
 For Linus ; when, in minstrel strife, 
 Apollo's wrath from love and life 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The child of music swept. 
 
 The Muses' grove is nigh. He treads 
 Its sacred precincts. O'er him spreads 
 The palm's aerial canopy, 
 That, nurtured by perennial springs, 
 Around its summit broad and high 
 Its light and branchy foliage flings. 
 Arching in graceful symmetry. 
 Among the tall stems jagg'd and bare 
 Luxuriant laurel interweaves 
 An undershade of myriad leaves. 
 Here black in rayless masses, there 
 In partial moonlight glittering fair ; 
 And wheresoe'er the barren rock 
 Peers through the grassy soil, its roots 
 The sweet andrachne strikes, to mock* 
 Sterility, and profusely shoots 
 Its light boughs, rich with ripening fruits. 
 The moonbeams, through the chequering shade, 
 Upon the silent temple played. 
 The Muses' fane. The nightingale. 
 Those consecrated bowers among. 
 Poured on the air a warbled tale, 
 So sweet, that scarcely from her nest. 
 Where Orpheus' hallowed relics rest. 
 She breathes a sweeter song.i" 
 
 A scene, whose power the maniac sense 
 Of passion's wildest mood might own ! 
 Anthemion felt its influence : 
 His fancy drank the soothing tone 
 Of all that tranquil loveliness ; 
 And health and bloom returned to bless 
 His dear Calliroe, and the groves 
 And rocks where pastoral Ladon roves 
 Bore record of their blissful loves. 
 
 List ! there is music on the wind ! 
 Sweet music ! seldom mortal ear 
 On sounds so tender, so refined. 
 Has dwelt. Perchance some Muse is near, 
 Euterpe, or Polymnia bright, 
 Or Erato, whose gentle lyre 
 
 173 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Responds to love and young desire ! 
 It is the central hour of night : 
 The time is holy, lone, severe, 
 And mortals may not linger here ! 
 
 Still on the air those wild notes fling 
 Their airy spells of voice and string. 
 In sweet accordance, sweeter made 
 By response soft from cavemed shade. 
 He turns to where a lovely glade 
 Sleeps in the open moonlight's smile, 
 A natural fane, whose ample bound 
 The palm's columnar stems surround, 
 A wide and stately peristyle ; 
 Save where their interrupted ring 
 Bends on the consecrated cave, 
 From whose dark arch, with tuneful wave, 
 Libethrus issues, sacred spring. 
 Beside its gentle murmuring, 
 A maiden, on a mossy stone. 
 Full in the moonlight, sits alone : 
 Her eyes, with humid radiance bright, 
 As if a tear had dimmed their light. 
 Are fixed upon the moon ; her hair 
 Flows long and loose in the light soft air ; 
 A golden lyre her white hands bear ; 
 Its chords, beneath her fingers fleet. 
 To such wild symphonies awake. 
 Her sweet lips breathe a song so sweet. 
 That the echoes of the cave repeat 
 Its closes with as soft a sigh. 
 As if they almost feared to break 
 The magic of its harmony. 
 
 Oh ! there was passion in the sound, 
 Intensest passion, strange and deep ; 
 Wild breathings of a soul, around 
 Whose every pulse one hope had bound. 
 One burning hope, which might not sleep. 
 But hark ! that wild and solemn swell ! 
 And was there in those tones a spell, 
 Which none may disobey ? For lo ! 
 Anthemion from the sylvan shade 
 174 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Moves with reluctant steps and slow, 
 And in the lonely moonlight glade 
 He stands before the radiant maid. 
 
 She ceased her song, and with a smile 
 She welcomed him, but nothing said : 
 And silently he stood the while, 
 And tow'rds the ground he drooped his head. 
 As if he shrunk beneath the light 
 Of those dark eyes so dazzling bright. 
 At length she spoke : — ' The flower was fair 
 I bade thee till its fading wear : 
 And didst thou scorn the boon. 
 Or died the flower so soon ? ' — 
 
 — ' It did not fade, 
 O radiant maid ! 
 
 But Thespia's rites its use forbade, 
 To Love's vindictive power profane : 
 If soothly spoke the reverend seer, 
 Whose voice rebuked, with words severe, 
 Its beauty's secret bane.' — ■ 
 — ' The world, O youth ! deems many wise. 
 Who dream at noon with waking eyes. 
 While spectral fancy round them flings 
 Phantoms of unexisting things ; 
 Whose truth is lies, whose paths are error, 
 Whose gods are fiends, whose heaven is terror ; 
 And such a slave has been with thee. 
 And thou, in thy simplicity. 
 Hast deemed his idle sayings truth. 
 The flower I gave thee, thankless youth ! 
 The harmless flower thy hand rejected. 
 Was fair : my native river sees 
 Its verdure and its bloom reflected 
 Wave in the eddies and the breeze. 
 My mother felt its beauty's claim. 
 And gave, in sportive fondness wild, 
 Its name to me, her only child.' — 
 
 ' Then Rhododaphne is thy name .' ' — 
 Anthemion said : the maiden bent 
 Her head in token of assent. 
 — ' Say once again, if sooth I deem, 
 
 175 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Peneus is thy native stream ? ' — 
 — ' Down Pindus' steep Peneus falls, 
 And swift and clear through hill and dale 
 It flows, and by Larissa's walls, 
 And through wild Tempe, lovehest vale ; 
 And on its banks the cypress gloom 
 Waves round my father's lonely tomb. 
 My mother's only child am I : 
 Mid Tempe's sylvan rocks we dwell ; 
 And from my earliest infancy, 
 The darling of our cottage-dell 
 For its bright leaves and clusters fair. 
 My namesake flower has bound my hair. 
 With costly gift and flattering song, 
 Youths, rich and valiant, sought my love. 
 They moved me not. I shunned the throng 
 Of suitors, for the mountain-grove 
 Where Sylvan Gods and Oreads rove. 
 The Muses, whom I worship here. 
 Had breathed their influence on my being, 
 Keeping my youthful spirit clear 
 From all corrupting thoughts, and freeing 
 My footsteps from the crowd, to tread 
 Beside the torrent's echoing bed, 
 Mid wind-tost pines, on steeps aerial. 
 Where elemental Genii throw 
 Effluence of natures more ethereal 
 Than vulgar minds can feel or know. 
 Oft on those steeps, at earliest dawn. 
 The world in mist beneath me lay. 
 Whose vapoury curtains, half withdrawn, 
 Revealed the flow of Therma's bay. 
 Red with the nascent light of day ; 
 Till full from Athos' distant height 
 The sun poured down his golden beams 
 Scattering the mists like morning dreams. 
 And rocks and lakes and isles and streams 
 Burst, like creation, into light. 
 In noontide bowers the bubbling springs, 
 In evening vales the winds that sigh 
 To eddying rivers murmuring by, 
 176 
 
' O maid I 1 have another love I * 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Have heard to these symphonious strings 
 The rocks and cavemed glens reply. 
 Spirits that love the moonlight hour 
 Have met me on the shadowy hill : 
 Dream'st thou of Magic ? of the power 
 That makes the blood of life run chill, 
 And shakes the world with daemon skill ? 
 Beauty is Magic ; grace and song ; 
 Fair form, light motion, airy sound : 
 Frail webs ! and yet a chain more strong 
 They weave the strongest hearts around, 
 Than e'er Alcides' arm unbound : 
 And such a chain I weave round thee, 
 Though but with mortal witchery.' — 
 
 His eyes and ears had drank the charm. 
 The damsel rose, and on his arm 
 She laid her hand. Through all his frame 
 The soft touch thrilled like liquid flame ; 
 But on his mind Calliroe came 
 All pale and sad, her sweet eyes dim 
 With tears which for herself and him 
 Fell : by that modest image mild 
 Recalled, inspired, Anthemion strove 
 Against the charm that now beguiled 
 His sense, and cried, in accents wild, 
 — ' O maid ! I have another love ! ' — 
 But still she held his arm, and spoke 
 Again in accents thrilling sweet : 
 — ' In Tempe's vale a lonely oak 
 Has felt the storms of ages beat : 
 Blasted by the hghtning-stroke, 
 A hollow, leafless, branchless trunk 
 It stands ; but in its giant cell 
 A mighty sylvan power doth dwell, 
 An old and holy oracle. 
 Kneeling by that ancient tree, 
 I sought the voice of destiny. 
 And in my ear these accents sunk : 
 " Waste not in loneliness thy bloom : 
 With flowers the Thespian altar dress : 
 The youth whom Love's mysterious doom 
 179 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Assigns to thee, thy sight shall bless 
 With no ambiguous loveliness ; 
 And thou, amid the joyous scene, 
 Shalt know him, by his mournful mien. 
 And by the paleness of his cheek. 
 And by the sadness of his eye. 
 And by his withered flowers, and by 
 The language thy own heart shall speak." 
 And I did know thee, youth ! and thou 
 Art mine, and I thy bride must be. 
 Another love ! the gods allow 
 No other love to thee or me ! ' 
 
 She gathered up her glittering hair, 
 And round his neck its tresses threw. 
 And twined her arms of beauty rare 
 Around him, and the light curls drew 
 In closer bands : ethereal dew 
 Of love and young desire was swimming 
 In her bright eyes, albeit not dimming 
 Their starry radiance, rather brightning 
 Their beams with passion's liquid lightning". 
 She clasped him to her throbbing breast, 
 And on his lips her lips she prest. 
 And cried the while 
 With joyous smile : 
 
 — ' These lips are mine ; the spells have won them, 
 Which round and round thy soul I twine ; 
 And be the kiss I print upon them 
 Poison to all lips but mine ! ' — 
 
 Dizzy awhile Anthemion stood. 
 With thirst-parched lips and fevered blood, 
 In those enchanting ringlets twined : 
 The fane, the cave, the moonlight wood, 
 The world, and all the world enshrined, 
 Seemed melting from his troubled mind : 
 But those last words the thought recalled 
 Of his Calliroe, and appalled 
 His mind with many a nameless fear 
 For her, so good, so mild, so dear. 
 With sudden start of gentle force 
 From Rhododaphne's arms he sprung, 
 i8o 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And swifter than the torrent's course 
 From rock to rock in tumult flung, 
 Adown the steeps of Hehcon, 
 By spring, and cave, and tower, he fled. 
 But turned from Thespia's walls, and on 
 Along the rocky way, that led 
 Tow'rds the Corinthian Isthmus, sped. 
 Impatient to behold again 
 His cottage-home by Ladon's side, 
 And her, for whose dear sake his brain 
 Was giddy with foreboding pain, 
 Fairest of Ladon's virgin train. 
 His own long-destined bride. 
 
CANTO IV 
 
CANTO IV 
 
 Magic and mystery, spells Circaean, 
 
 The Siren voice, that calmed the sea, 
 
 And steeped the soul in dews Lethaean ; 
 
 The enchanted chalice, sparkling free 
 
 With wine, amid whose ruby glow 
 
 Love couched, with madness linked and woe ; 
 
 Mantle and zone, whose woof beneath 
 
 Lurked wily grace, in subtle wreath 
 
 With blandishment and young desire 
 
 And soft persuasion intertwined, 
 
 Whose touch, with sympathetic fire. 
 
 Could melt at once the sternest mind ; 
 
 Have passed away : for vestal Truth 
 
 Young Fancy's foe, and Reason chill, 
 
 Have chased the dreams that charmed the youth 
 
 Of nature and the world, which still. 
 
 Amid that vestal light severe. 
 
 Our colder spirits leap to hear 
 
 Like echoes from a fairy hill. 
 
 Yet deem not so. The Power of Spells 
 
 Still lingers on the earth, but dwells 
 
 In deeper folds of close disguise, 
 
 That baffle Reason's searching eyes : 
 
 Nor shall that mystic Power resign 
 
 To Truth's cold sway his webs of guile. 
 
 Till woman's eyes have ceased to shine. 
 
 And woman's lips have ceased to smile, 
 
 And woman's voice has ceased to be 
 
 The earthly soul of melody. 
 
 i8S 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 A night and day had passed away : 
 A second night. A second day 
 Had risen. The noon on vale and hill 
 Was glowing, and the pensive herds 
 In rocky pool and sylvan rill 
 The shadowy coolness sought. The birds 
 Among their leafy bowers were still, 
 Save where the red-breast on the pine, 
 In thickest ivy's sheltering nest, 
 Attuned a lonely song divine. 
 To soothe old Pan's meridian rest.^^ 
 The stream's eternal eddies played 
 In light and music ; on its edge 
 The soft light air scarce moved the sedge ; 
 The bees a pleasant murmuring made 
 On thymy bank and flowery hedge : 
 From field to field the grasshopper 
 Kept up his joyous descant shrill ; 
 When once again the wanderer. 
 With arduous travel faint and pale, 
 Beheld his own Arcadian vale. 
 
 From Oryx, down the sylvan way, 
 With hurried pace the youth proceeds. 
 Sweet Ladon's waves beside him stray 
 In dear companionship : the reeds 
 Seem, whispering on the margin clear, 
 The doom of Syrinx to rehearse, 
 Ladonian Syrinx, name most dear 
 To music and Maenalian verse. 
 
 It is the Aphrodisian grove. 
 Anthemion's home is near. He sees 
 The light smoke rising from the trees 
 That shade the dwelling of his love. 
 Sad bodings, shadowy fears of ill. 
 Pressed heavier on him, in wild strife 
 With many-wandering hope, that still 
 Leaves on the darkest clouds of life 
 Some vestige of her radiant way : 
 But soon those torturing struggles end ; 
 For where the poplar silver-grey 
 And dark associate cedar blend 
 i86 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Their hospitable shade, before 
 One human dwelling's well-known door, 
 Old Pheidon sits, and by his side 
 His only child, his age's pride. 
 Herself, Anthemion's destined bride. 
 
 She hears his coming tread. She flies 
 To meet him. Health is on her cheeks. 
 And pleasure sparkles in her eyes. 
 And their soft light a welcome speaks 
 More eloquent than words. Oh, joy ! 
 The maid he left so fast consuming. 
 Whom death, impatient to destroy. 
 Had marked his prey, now rosy-blooming. 
 And beaming like the morning star 
 With loveliness and love, has flown 
 To welcome him : his cares fly far. 
 Like clouds when storms are overblown ; 
 For where such perfect transports reign 
 Even memory has no place for pain. 
 
 The poet's task were passing sweet. 
 If, when he tells how lovers meet. 
 One half the flow of joy, that flings 
 Its magic on that blissful hour. 
 Could touch, with sympathetic power, 
 His lyre's accordant strings. 
 It may not be. The lyre is mute. 
 When venturous minstrelsy would suit 
 Its numbers to so dear a theme : 
 But many a gentle maid, I deem. 
 Whose heart has known and felt the like, 
 Can hear, in fancy's kinder dream. 
 The chords I dare not strike. 
 
 They spread a banquet in the shade 
 Of those old trees. The friendly board 
 Calliroe's beauteous hands arrayed, 
 With self-requiting toil, and poured 
 In fair-carved bowl the sparkling wine. 
 In order due Anthemion made 
 Libation, to Olympian Jove, 
 Arcadian Pan, and Thespian Love, 
 And Bacchus, giver of the vine. 
 187 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The generous draught dispelled the sense 
 
 Of weariness. His limbs were light : 
 
 His heart was free : Love banished thence 
 
 All forms but one most dear, most bright : 
 
 And ever with insatiate sight 
 
 He gazed upon the maid, and listened, 
 
 Absorbed in ever new delight, 
 
 To that dear voice, whose balmy sighing 
 
 To his full joy blest response gave, 
 
 Like music doubly-sweet replying 
 
 From twilight echo's sylvan cave ; 
 
 And her mild eyes with soft rays glistened, 
 
 Imparting and reflecting pleasure ; 
 
 For this is Love's terrestrial treasure, 
 
 That in participation lives, 
 
 And evermore, the more it gives, 
 
 Itself abounds in fuller measure. 
 
 Old Pheidon felt his heart expand 
 With joy that from their joy had birth. 
 And said : — ' Anthemion ! Love's own hand 
 Is here, and mighty on the earth 
 Is he, the primogenial power. 
 Whose sacred grove and antique fane 
 Thy prompted footsteps, not in vain. 
 Have sought ; for, on the day and hour 
 Of his incipient rite, most strange 
 And sudden was Calliroe's change. 
 The sickness under which she bowed, 
 Swiftly, as though it ne'er had been. 
 Passed, like the shadow of a cloud 
 From April's hills of green. 
 And bliss once more is yours ; and mine 
 In seeing yours, and more than this ; 
 For ever, in our children's bliss. 
 The sun of our past youth doth shine 
 Upon our age anew. Divine 
 No less than our own Pan must be 
 To us Love's bounteous deity ; 
 And round our old and hallowed pine 
 The myrtle and the rose must twine 
 Memorial of the Thespian shrine.' — 
 i88 
 
' Oh. tliou art dead \ ' 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 'Twas strange indeed, Anthemion thought, 
 That, in the hour when omens dread 
 Most tortured him, such change was wrought ; 
 But love and hope their lustre shed 
 On all his visions now, and led 
 His memory from the mystic train 
 Of fears which that strange damsel wove 
 Around him in the Thespian fane 
 And in the Heliconian grove. 
 
 Eve came, and twilight's balmy hour : 
 Alone, beneath the cedar bower. 
 The lovers sate, in converse dear 
 Retracing many a backward year. 
 Their infant sports in field and grove, 
 Their mutual tasks, their dawning love, 
 Their mingled tears of past distress, 
 Now all absorbed in happiness ; 
 And oft would Fancy intervene. 
 To throw, on many a pictured scene 
 Of life's untrodden path, such gleams 
 Of golden light, such blissful dreams, 
 As in young Love's enraptured eye 
 Hope almost made reality. 
 
 So in that dear accustomed shade. 
 With Ladon flowing at their feet, 
 Together sate the youth and maid, 
 In that uncertain shadowy light 
 When day and darkness mingling meet. 
 Her bright eyes ne'er had seemed so bright. 
 Her sweet voice ne'er had seemed so sweet. 
 As then they seemed. Upon his neck 
 Her head was resting, and her eyes 
 Were raised to his, for no disguise 
 Her feelings knew ; untaught to check, 
 As in these days more worldly wise, 
 The heart's best purest sympathies. 
 
 Fond youth I her lips are near to thine : 
 The ringlets of her temples twine 
 Against thy cheek : oh I more or less 
 Than mortal wert thou not to press 
 Those ruby lips 1 Or does it dwell 
 191 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Upon thy mind, that fervid spell 
 Which Rhododaphne breathed upon 
 Thy lips erewhile in Hehcon ? 
 Ah ! pause, rash boy ! bethink thee yet : 
 And canst thou then the charm forget ? 
 Or dost thou scorn its import vain 
 As vision of a fevered brain ? 
 
 Oh ! he has kissed Calhroe's lips ! 
 And with the touch the maid grew pale, 
 And sudden shade of strange eclipse 
 Drew o'er her eyes its dusky veil. 
 As droops the meadow-pink its head, 
 By the rude scythe in summer's prime 
 Cleft from its parent stem, and spread 
 On earth to wither ere its time, 
 Even so the flower of Ladon faded, 
 Swifter than, when the sun hath shaded 
 In the young storm his setting ray. 
 The western radiance dies away. 
 
 He pressed her heart : no pulse was there. 
 Before her lips his hand he placed : 
 No breath was in them. Wild despair 
 Came on him, as, with sudden waste. 
 When snows dissolve in vernal rain. 
 The mountain-torrent on the plain 
 Descends ; and with that fearful swell 
 Of passionate grief, the midnight spell 
 Of the Thessalian maid recurred. 
 Distinct in every fatal word : 
 
 — ' These lips are mine ; the spells have won them. 
 Which round and round thy soul I twine ; 
 And be the kiss I print upon them 
 Poison to all lips but mine 1 ' — 
 — ' Oh, thou art dead, my love ! ' — he cried — 
 ' Art dead, and 1 have murdered thee ! ' — 
 He started up in agony. 
 The beauteous maiden from his side 
 Sunk down on earth. Like one who slept 
 She lay, still, cold, and pale of hue ; 
 And her long hair all loosely swept 
 The thin grass, wet with evening dew. 
 192 
 
And/led o'er f lain 
 
 a,ui steep, witU frantic tread, as Passions aimless impulse led. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 He could not weep ; but anguish burned 
 Within him like consuming flame. 
 He shrieked : the distant rocks returned 
 The voice of woe. Old Pheidon came 
 In terror forth : he saw ; and wild 
 With misery fell upon his child, 
 And cried aloud, and rent his hair. 
 Stung by the voice of his despair. 
 And by the intolerable thought 
 That he, how innocent soe'er. 
 Had all this grief and ruin wrought. 
 And urged perchance by secret might 
 Of magic spells, that drew their chain 
 More closely round his phrensied brain. 
 Beneath the swiftly-closing night 
 Anthemion sprang away, and fled 
 O'er plain and steep, with frantic tread. 
 As Passion's aimless impulse led. 
 
 195 
 
CANTO V 
 
CANTO V 
 
 Though Pity's self has made thy breast 
 Its earthly shrine, O gentle maid ! 
 Shed not thy tears, where Love's last rest 
 Is sweet beneath the cypress shade ; 
 Whence never voice of tyrant power, 
 Nor trumpet-blast from rending skies. 
 Nor winds that howl, nor storms that lower. 
 Shall bid the sleeping sufferer rise. 
 But mourn for them, who live to keep 
 Sad strife with fortune's tempests rude ; 
 For them, who live to toil and weep 
 In loveless, joyless solitude ; 
 Whose days consume in hope, that flies 
 Like clouds of gold that fading float, 
 Still watched with fondlier lingering eyes 
 As still more dim and more remote. 
 Oh ! wisely, truly, sadly sung 
 The bard by old Cephisus' side^^ 
 (While not with sadder, sweeter tongue. 
 His own loved nightingale replied) : 
 — ' Man's happiest lot is NOT TO BE ; 
 And when we tread life's thorny steep, 
 Most blest are they, who, earliest free, 
 Descend to death's eternal sleep.' — 
 
 Long, wide, and far, the youth has strayed, 
 Forlorn, and pale, and wild with woe. 
 And found no rest. His loved, lost maid, 
 A beauteous, sadly-smiling shade. 
 Is ever in his thoughts, and slow 
 Roll on the hopeless, aimless hours 
 199 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Sunshine, and grass, and woods, and flowers, 
 Rivers, and vales, and glittering homes 
 Of busy men, where'er he roams, 
 Torment his sense with contrast keen, 
 Of that which is, and might have been. 
 
 The mist that on the mountains high 
 Its transient wreath light-hovering flings. 
 The clouds and changes of the sky. 
 The forms of unsubstantial things. 
 The voice of the tempestuous gale. 
 The rain-swoln torrent's turbid moan, 
 And every sound that seems to wail 
 For beauty past and hope o'erthrown. 
 Attemper with his wild despair ; 
 But scarce his restless eye can bear 
 The hills, and rocks, and summer streams 
 The things that still are what they were 
 When life and love were more than dreams. 
 
 It chanced, along the rugged shore, 
 Where giant Pelion's piny steep 
 O'erlooks the wide Aegean deep. 
 He shunned the steps of humankind, 
 Soothed by the multitudinous roar 
 Of ocean, and the ceaseless shock 
 Of spray, high-scattering from the rock 
 In the wail of the many-wandering wind. 
 A crew, on lawless venture bound. 
 Such men as roam the seas around. 
 Hearts to fear and pity strangers, 
 Seeking gold through crimes and dangers, 
 Sailing near, the wanderer spied. 
 Sudden, through the foaming tide. 
 They drove to land, and on the shore 
 Springing, they seized the youth, and bore 
 To their black ship, and spread again 
 Their sails, and ploughed the billowy main. 
 
 Dark Ossa on their watery way 
 Looks from his robe of mist ; and, grey 
 With many a deep and shadowy fold. 
 The sacred mount, Olympus old, 
 Appears : but where with Therma's sea 
 200 
 
' There sit I ' — crt'eei Ofie in rugged tone. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Peneus mingles tranquilly, 
 
 They anchor with the closing light 
 
 Of day, and through the moonless night 
 
 Propitious to their lawless toil. 
 
 In silent bands they prowl for spoil. 
 
 Ere morning dawns, they crowd on board, 
 And to their vessel's secret hoard 
 With many a costly robe they pass. 
 And vase of silver, gold, and brass. 
 A young maid too their hands have torn 
 From her maternal home, to mourn 
 Afar, to some rude master sold. 
 The crimes and woes that spring from gold. 
 — ' There sit ! ' — cried one in rugged tone, — 
 ' Beside that boy. A well-matched pair 
 Ye seem, and will, I doubt not, bear, 
 In our good port, a value rare. 
 There sit, but not to wail and moan : 
 The lyre, which in those fingers fair 
 We leave, whose sound through night's thick shade 
 To unwished ears thy haunt bewrayed. 
 Strike ; for the lyre, by beauty played, 
 To glad the hearts of men was made.'— 
 
 The damsel by Anthemion's side 
 Sate down upon the deck. The tide 
 Blushed with the deepening light of morn. 
 A pitying look the youth forlorn 
 Turned on the maiden. Can it be .'' 
 Or does his sense play false ? Too well 
 He knows that radiant form. 'Tis she, 
 The magic maid of Thessaly, 
 'Tis Rhododaphne ! By the spell. 
 That ever round him dwelt, opprest. 
 He bowed his head upon his breast, 
 And o'er his eyes his hand he drew. 
 That fatal beauty's sight to shun. 
 Now from the orient heaven the sun 
 Had clothed the eastward waves with fire : 
 Kight from the west the fair breeze blew : 
 The full sails swelled, and sparkling through 
 The sounding sea the vessel flew : 
 203 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 With wine and copious cheer the crew 
 
 Caroused : the damsel o'er the lyre 
 
 Her rapid fingers hghtly flung, 
 
 And thus, with feigned obedience, sung. 
 
 — ' The Nereid's home is calm and bright, 
 
 The ocean-depths below. 
 
 Where liquid streams of emerald light 
 
 Through caves of coral flow. 
 
 She has a lyre of silver strings 
 
 Framed on a pearly shell, 
 
 And sweetly to that lyre she sings 
 
 The shipwrecked seaman's knell. 
 
 The ocean-snake in sleep she binds ; 
 The dolphins round her play : 
 His purple conch the Triton winds 
 Responsive to the lay : 
 Proteus and Phorcys, sea-gods old, 
 Watch by her coral cell. 
 To hear, on watery echoes rolled, 
 The shipwrecked seaman's knell.' — 
 — ' Cease ! ' — cried the chief in accents rude — 
 ' From songs like these mishap may rise. 
 Thus far have we our course pursued 
 With smiling seas and cloudless skies. 
 From wreck and tempest, omens ill. 
 Forbear ; and sing, for well I deem 
 Those pretty lips possess the skill, 
 Some ancient tale of happier theme ; 
 Some legend of imperial Jove, 
 In uncouth shapes disguised by love ; 
 Or Hercules, and his hard toils ; 
 Or Mercury, friend of craft and spoils ; 
 Or Jove-born Bacchus, whom we prize 
 O'er all the Olympian deities.' — 
 
 He said, and drained the bowl. The crew 
 With long coarse laugh applauded. Fast 
 With sparkling keel the vessel flew. 
 For there was magic in the breeze 
 That urged her through the sounding seas. 
 By Chanastraeum's point they past, 
 And Ampelos. Grey Athos, vast 
 204 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 With woods far-stretching to the sea, 
 Was full before them, while the maid 
 Again her lyre's wild strings assayed, 
 In notes of bolder melody : 
 
 — ' Bacchus by the lonely ocean 
 Stood in youthful semblance fair : 
 Summer winds, with gentle motion. 
 Waved his black and curling hair. 
 Streaming from his manly shoulders 
 Robes of gold and purple dye 
 Told of spoil to fierce beholders 
 In their black ship sailing by. 
 On the vessel's deck they placed him 
 Strongly bound in triple bands ; 
 But the iron rings that braced him 
 Melted, wax-Uke, from his hands. 
 Then the pilot spake in terror : 
 — " 'Tis a god in mortal form ! 
 Seek the land ; repair your error 
 Ere his wrath invoke the storm." — 
 — " Silence ! " — cried the frowning master, — 
 " Mind the helm : the breeze is fair : 
 Coward ! cease to bode disaster : 
 Leave to men the captive's care." — 
 While he speaks and fiercely tightens 
 In the full free breeze the sail, 
 From the deck wine bubbling lightens. 
 Winy fragrance fills the gale. 
 Gurgling in ambrosial lustre 
 Flows the purple-eddying wine : 
 O'er the yard-arms trail and cluster 
 Tendrils of the mantling vine : 
 Grapes, beneath the broad leaves springing. 
 Blushing as in vintage-hours. 
 Droop, while round the tall mast clinging 
 Ivy twines its buds and flowers. 
 Fast with graceful berries blackening : — 
 Garlands hang on every oar : 
 Then in fear the cordage slackening. 
 One and all they cry, — "To shore !" — 
 205 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Bacchus changed his shape, and glaring 
 With a hon's eyeballs wide, 
 Roared : the pirate-crew, despairing, 
 Plunged amid the foaming tide. 
 Through the azure depths they flitted 
 Dolphins by transforming fate : 
 But the god the pilot pitied, 
 Saved, and made him rich and great.' — 
 
 The crew laid by their cups, and frowned. 
 A stern rebuke the leader gave. 
 With arrowy speed the ship went round 
 Nymphaeum. To the ocean-wave 
 The mountain-forest sloped, and cast 
 O'er the white surf its massy shade. 
 They heard, so near the shore they past. 
 The hollow sound the sea-breeze made, 
 As those primaeval trees it swayed. 
 — ' Curse on thy songs ! ' — the leader cried,- 
 ' False tales of evil augury ! ' — 
 — ' Well hast thou said,' — the maid replied, - 
 ' They augur ill to thine and thee.' — 
 
 She rose, and loosed her radiant hair. 
 And raised her golden lyre in air. 
 The lyre, beneath the breeze's wings, 
 As if a spirit swept the strings, 
 Breathed airy music, sweet and strange. 
 In many a wild phantastic change. 
 Most like a daughter of the Sun i^ 
 She stood : her eyes all radiant shone 
 With beams unutterably bright ; 
 And her long tresses, loose and light. 
 As on the playful breeze they rolled. 
 Flamed with rays of burning gold. 
 His wondering eyes Anthemion raised 
 Upon the maid : the seamen gazed 
 In fear and strange suspense, amazed. 
 
 From the forest-depths profound 
 Breathes a low and sullen sound : 
 'Tis the woodland spirit's sigh, 
 Ever heard when storms are nigh. 
 206 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 On the shore the surf that breaks 
 
 With the rising breezes makes 
 
 More tumultuous harmony. 
 
 Louder yet the breezes sing : 
 
 Round and round, in dizzy ring, 
 
 Sea-birds scream on restless wing : 
 
 Pine and cedar creak and swing 
 
 To the sea-blast's murmuring. 
 
 Far and wide on sand and shingle 
 
 Eddying breakers boil and mingle : 
 
 Beetling cliff and caverned rock 
 
 Roll around the echoing shock, 
 
 Where the spray, like snow-dust whirled, 
 
 High in vapoury wreaths is hurled. 
 
 Clouds on clouds, in volumes driven. 
 Curtain round the vault of heaven. 
 — ' To shore ! to shore ! ' the seamen cry. 
 The damsel waved her lyre on high. 
 And to the powers that rule the sea 
 It whispered notes of witchery. 
 Swifter than the lightning-flame 
 The sudden breath of the whirlwind came. 
 Round at once in its mighty sweep 
 The vessel whirled on the whirling deep. 
 Right from shore the driving gale 
 Bends the mast and swells the sail : 
 Loud the foaming. ocean raves : 
 Through the mighty waste of waves 
 Speeds the vessel swift and free. 
 Like a meteor of the sea. 
 
 Day is ended. Darkness shrouds 
 The shoreless seas and lowering clouds. 
 Northward now the tempest blows : 
 Fast and far the vessel goes : 
 Crouched on deck the seamen lie ; 
 One and all, with charmed eye. 
 On the magic maid they gaze : 
 Nor the youth with less amaze 
 Looks upon her radiant form 
 Shining by the golden beams 
 Of her refulgent hair, that streams 
 207 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Like waving star-light on the storm ; 
 And hears the vocal blast that rings 
 Among her lyre's enchanted strings. 
 
 Onward, onward flies the bark, 
 Through the billows wild and dark. 
 From her prow the spray she hurls ; 
 O'er her stem the big wave curls ; 
 Fast before the impetuous wind 
 She flies — the wave bursts far behind. 
 
 Onward, onward flies the bark. 
 Through the raging billows : — Hark ! 
 'Tis the stormy surge's roar 
 On the Aegean's northern shore. 
 Tow'rds the rocks, through surf and surge. 
 The destined ship the wild winds urge. 
 High on one gigantic wave 
 She swings in air. From rock and cave 
 A long loud wail of fate and fear 
 Rings in the hopeless seaman's ear. 
 Forward, with the breaker's dash. 
 She plunges on the rock. The crash 
 Of the dividing bark, the roar 
 Of waters bursting on the deck, 
 Are in Anthemion's ear : no more 
 He hears or sees : but round his neck 
 Are closely twined the silken rings 
 Of Rhododaphne's glittering hair, 
 And round him her bright arms she flings. 
 And cinctured thus in loveliest bands 
 The charmed waves in safety bear 
 The youth and the enchantress fair. 
 And leave them on the golden sands. 
 
 208 
 
CANTO VI 
 
CANTO VI 
 
 Hast thou, in some safe retreat, 
 
 Waked and watched, to hear the roar 
 
 Of breakers on the wind-swept shore ? 
 
 Go forth at mom. The waves, that beat 
 
 Still rough and white when blasts are o'er, 
 
 May wash, all ghastly, to thy feet 
 
 Some victim of the midnight storm. 
 
 From that drenched garb and pallid form 
 
 Shrink not : but fix thy gaze, and see 
 
 Thy own congenial destiny. 
 
 For him, perhaps, an anxious wife 
 
 On some far coast o'erlooks the wave : 
 
 A child, unknowing of the strife 
 
 Of elements, to whom he gave 
 
 His last fond kiss, is at her breast : 
 
 The skies are clear, the seas at rest 
 
 Before her, and the hour is nigh 
 
 Of his return : but black the sky 
 
 To him, and fierce the hostile main, 
 
 Have been. He will not come again. 
 
 But yesterday, and life, and health. 
 
 And hope, and love, and power, and wealth, 
 
 Were his : to-day, in one brief hour, 
 
 Of all his wealth, of all his power, 
 
 He saved not, on his shattered deck, 
 
 A plank, to waft him from the wreck. 
 
 Now turn away, and dry thy tears. 
 
 And build long schemes for distant years ! 
 
 Wreck is not only on the sea. 
 
 The warrior dies in victory : 
 
 The ruin of his natal roof 
 
 211 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 O'erwhelms the sleeping man : the hoof 
 Of his prized steed has struck with fate 
 The horseman in his own home gate : 
 The feast and mantling bowl destroy 
 The sensual in the hour of joy. 
 The bride from her paternal porch 
 Comes forth among her maids : the torch, 
 That led at morn the nuptial choir, 
 Kindles at night her funeral pyre. 
 Now turn away, indulge thy dreams. 
 And build for distant years thy schemes ! 
 
 On Thracia's coast the morn was grey. 
 Anthemion, with the opening day. 
 From deep entrancement on the sands 
 Stood up. The magic maid was there 
 Beside him on the shore. Her hands 
 Still held the golden lyre : her hair 
 In all its long luxuriance hung 
 Unringleted, and glittering bright 
 With briny drops of diamond light : 
 Her thin wet garments lightly clung 
 Around her form's rare symmetry. 
 Like Venus risen from the sea 
 She seemed : so beautiful : and who 
 With mortal sight such form could view. 
 And deem that evil lurked beneath ? 
 Who could approach those starry eyes, 
 Those dewy coral lips, that breathe 
 Ambrosial fragrance, and that smile 
 In which all Love's Elysium lies. 
 Who this could see, and dream of guile. 
 And brood on wrong and wrath the while ? 
 If there be one, who ne'er has felt 
 Resolve, and doubt, and anger melt. 
 Like vernal night-frosts, in one beam 
 Of Beauty's sun, 'twere vain to deem. 
 Between the Muse and him could be 
 A link of human sympathy. 
 
 Fain would the youth his lips unclose 
 In keen reproach for all his woes 
 
 212 
 
A,tthe,nlon, ■with the opening d.y, from deep cnirancement on the sa,uts stood «A 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And his Calliroe's doom. In vain : 
 
 For closer now the magic chain 
 
 Of the inextricable spell 
 
 Involved him, and his accents fell 
 
 Perplexed, confused, inaudible. 
 
 And so awhile he stood. At length, 
 
 In painful tones, that gathered strength 
 
 With feeling's faster flow, he said : 
 
 — ' What would'st thou with me, fatal maid ? 
 
 That ever thus, by land and sea. 
 
 Thy dangerous beauty follows me ? ' — 
 
 She speaks in gentle accents low. 
 While dim through tears her bright eyes move : 
 — ' Thou askest what thou well dost know ; 
 I love thee, and I seek thy love.' — 
 
 — ' My love ! It sleeps in dust for ever 
 Within my lost Calliroe's tomb ; 
 The smiles of living beauty never 
 May my soul's darkness re-illume. 
 We grew together, like twin flowers. 
 Whose opening buds the same dews cherish ; 
 And one is reft, ere noon-tide hours, 
 Violently ; one remains, to perish 
 By slow decay ; as I remain 
 Even now, to move and breathe in vain. 
 The late, false love, that worldlings learn. 
 When hearts are hard, and thoughts are stern. 
 And feehngs dull, and Custom's rule 
 Omnipotent, that love may cool, 
 And waste, and change : but this — which flings 
 Round the young soul its tendril rings. 
 Strengthening their growth and grasp with years, 
 Till habits, pleasures, hopes, smiles, tears. 
 All modes of thinking, feeling, seeing. 
 Of two congenial spirits, blend 
 In one inseparable being, — 
 Deem'st thou this love can change or end ? 
 There is no eddy on the stream. 
 No bough that light winds bend and toss. 
 No chequering of the sunny beam 
 Upon the woodland moss, 
 
 215 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 No star in evening's sky, no flower 
 
 Whose beauty odorous breezes stir, 
 
 No sweet bird singing in the bower, 
 
 Nay, not the rustling of a leaf. 
 
 That does not nurse and feed my grief 
 
 By wakening thoughts of her. 
 
 All lovely things a place possessed 
 
 Of love in my Calliroe's breast : 
 
 And from her purer, gentler spirit. 
 
 Did mine the love and joy inherit. 
 
 Which that blest maid around her threw. 
 
 With all I saw, and felt, and knew, 
 
 The image of Calliroe grew, 
 
 Till all the beauty of the earth 
 
 Seemed as to her it owed its birth. 
 
 And did but many forms express 
 
 Of her reflected loveliness. 
 
 The sunshine and the air seemed less 
 
 The sources of my life : and how 
 
 Was she torn from me ? Earth is now 
 
 A waste, where many echoes tell 
 
 Only of her I loved — how well 
 
 Words have no power to speak : — and thou- 
 
 Gather the rose-leaves from the plain 
 
 Where faded and defiled they lie. 
 
 And close them in their bud again, 
 
 And bid them to the morning sky 
 
 Spread lovely as at first they were : 
 
 Or from the oak the ivy tear. 
 
 And wreathe it round another tree 
 
 In vital growth : then turn to me, 
 
 And bid my spirit cling on thee. 
 
 As on my lost Calliroe ! ' — 
 
 — ' The Genii of the earth, and sea, 
 And air, and fire, my mandates hear. 
 Even the dread Power, thy Ladon's fear. 
 Arcadian Daemogorgon, knows i* 
 My voice : the ivy or the rose. 
 Though torn and trampled on the plain. 
 May rise, unite, and bloom again, 
 If on his aid I caU : thy heart 
 216 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Alone resists and mocks my art.' — 
 
 — ' Why lov'st thou me, Thessahan maid ? 
 Why hast thou, cruel beauty, torn 
 Asunder two young hearts, that played 
 In kindred unison so blest, 
 As they had filled one single breast 
 From life's first opening morn ? 
 Why lov'st thou me ? The kings of earth 
 Might kneel to charms and power like thine : 
 But I, a youth of shepherd birth — 
 As well the stately mountain-pine 
 Might coil around the eglantine. 
 As thou thy radiant being twine 
 Round one so low, so lost as mine.' — 
 
 — ' Sceptres and crowns, vain signs that move 
 The souls of slaves, to me are toys. 
 I need but love : I seek but love : 
 And long, amid the heartless noise 
 Of cities, and the woodland peace 
 Of vales, through all the scenes of Greece 
 I sought the fondest and the fairest 
 Of Grecian youths, my love to be : 
 And such a heart and form thou bearest, 
 And my soul sprang at once to thee, 
 Like an arrow to its destiny. 
 Yet shall my lips no spell repeat. 
 To bid thy heart responsive beat 
 To mine : thy love's spontaneous smile. 
 Nor forced by power, nor won by guile, 
 I claim : but yet a little while, 
 And we no more may meet. 
 For I must find a dreary home, 
 And thou, where'er thou wilt, shalt roam : 
 But should one tender thought awake 
 Of Rhododaphne, seek the cell, 
 Where she dissolved in tears doth dwell 
 Of blighted hope, and she will take 
 The wanderer to her breast, and make 
 Such flowers of bliss around him blow, 
 As kings would yield their thrones to know.' — 
 — ' It must not be. The air is laden 
 217 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 With sweetness from thy presence born : 
 Music and light are round thee, maiden, 
 As round the Virgin Power of Morn : 
 I feel, I shrink beneath, thy beauty : 
 But love, truth, woe, remembrance, duty. 
 All point against thee, though arrayed 
 In charms whose power no heart could shun 
 That ne'er had loved another maid 
 Or any but that loveliest one. 
 Who now, within my bosom's void, 
 A sad pale shade, by thee destroyed. 
 Forbids all other love to bind 
 My soul : thine least of womankind.' — 
 Faltering and faint his accents broke, 
 As those concluding words he spoke. 
 No more she said, but sadly smiled, 
 And took his hand ; and like a child 
 He followed her. All waste and wild, 
 A pathless moor before them lies. 
 Beyond, long chains of mountains rise : 
 Their summits with eternal snow 
 Are crowned : vast forests wave below, 
 And stretch, with ample slope and sweep, 
 Down to the moorlands and the deep. 
 Human dwelling see they none, 
 Save one cottage, only one. 
 Mossy, mildewed, frail, and poor, 
 Even as human home can be, 
 Where the forest skirts the moor, 
 By the inhospitable sea. 
 There, in tones of melody. 
 Sweet and clear as Dian's voice 
 When the rocks and woods rejoice 
 In her steps the chace impelling, 
 Rhododaphne, pausing, calls. 
 Echo answers from the walls : 
 Mournful response, vaguely telling 
 Of a long-deserted dwelling. 
 Twice her lips the call repeat, 
 Tuneful summons, thrilling sweet. 
 Still the same sad accents follow, 
 218 
 
up tJiai_ image rose^ and spake, as from a trumpet. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Cheerless echo, faint and hollow. 
 Nearer now, with curious gaze. 
 The youth that lonely cot surveys. 
 Long grass chokes the path before it. 
 Twining ivy mantles o'er it. 
 On the low roof blend together 
 Beds of moss and stains of weather. 
 Flowering weeds that trail and cluster, 
 Scaly lichen, stone-crop's lustre, 
 All confused in radiance mellow. 
 Red, grey, green, and golden yellow. 
 Idle splendour ! gleaming only 
 Over ruins rude and lonely, 
 When the cold hearth-stone is shattered, 
 When the ember-dust is scattered, 
 When the grass that chokes the portal 
 Bends not to the tread of mortal. 
 
 The maiden dropped Anthemion's hand, 
 And forward, with a sudden bound. 
 She sprung. He saw the door expand, 
 And close, and all was silence round. 
 And loneliness : and forth again 
 She came not. But within this hour, 
 A burthen to him, and a chain. 
 Had been her beauty and her power : 
 But now, thus suddenly forsaken. 
 In those drear solitudes, though yet 
 His early love remained unshaken, 
 He felt within his breast awaken 
 A sense of something like regret. 
 
 But he pursued her not : his love, 
 His murdered love, such step forbade. 
 He turned his doubtful feet, to rove 
 Amid that forest's maze of shade. 
 Beneath the matted boughs, that made 
 A noonday twilight, he espied 
 No trace of man ; and far and wide 
 Through fern and tangling briar he strayed. 
 Till toil, and thirst, and hunger weighed 
 His nature down, and cold and drear 
 Night came, and no relief was near. 
 
 221 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 But now at once his steps emerge 
 Upon the forest's tnoorland verge, 
 Beside the white and sounding surge. 
 For in one long self-cirding track, 
 His mazy path had led him back, 
 To where that cottage old and lone 
 Had stood : but now to him unknown 
 Was all the scene. Mid gardens, fair 
 With trees and flowers of fragrance rare, 
 A rich and ample pile was there, 
 Ghttering with myriad lights, that shone 
 Far-streaming through the dusky air. 
 
 With hunger, toil, and weariness, 
 Outworn, he cannot choose but pass 
 Tow'rds that fair pile. With gentle stress 
 He strikes the gate of polished brass. 
 Loud and long the portal rings. 
 As back with swift recoil it swings, 
 Disclosing wide a vaulted hall, 
 With many columns bright and tall 
 Encircled. Throned in order round, 
 Statues of daemons and of kings 
 Between the marble columns frowned 
 With seeming life : each throne beside. 
 Two humbler statues stood, and raised 
 Each one a silver lamp, that wide 
 With many-mingling radiance blazed. 
 
 High-reared on one surpassing throne, 
 A brazen image sate alone, 
 A dwarfish shape, of wrinkled brow. 
 With sceptred hand and crowned head. 
 No sooner did Anthemion's tread 
 The echoes of the hall awake, 
 Than up that image rose, and spake, 
 As from a trumpet : — ' What would'st thou ? ' 
 
 Anthemion, in amaze and dread. 
 Replied : — ' With toil and hunger worn, 
 I seek but food, and rest till morn.' — 
 The image spake again, and said : 
 — ' Enter : fear not : thou art free 
 To my best hospitality.' — 
 
Antkemioji took the cup^ and quaffed. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Spontaneously, an inner door 
 Unclosed. Anthemion from the hall 
 Passed to a room of state, that wore 
 Aspect of destined festival. 
 Of fragrant cedar was the floor, 
 And round the light-pilastered wall 
 Curtains of crimson and of gold 
 Hung down in many a gorgeous fold. 
 Bright lamps, through that apartment gay 
 Adorned like Cytherea's bowers 
 With vases filled with odorous flowers, 
 Diffused an artificial day. 
 A banquet's sumptuous order there. 
 In long array of viands rare, 
 Fruits, and ambrosial wine, was spread. 
 A golden boy, in semblance fair 
 Of actual life, came forth, and led 
 Anthemion to a couch, beside 
 That festal table, canopied 
 With cloth by subtlest Tyrian dyed. 
 And ministered the feast : the while. 
 Invisible harps symphonious wreathed 
 Wild webs of soul-dissolving sound. 
 And voices, alternating round. 
 Songs, as of choral maidens, breathed. 
 
 Now to the brim the boy filled up 
 With sparkling wine a crystal cup. 
 Anthemion took the cup, and quaffed. 
 With reckless thirst, the enchanted draught. 
 That instant came a voice divine, 
 A maiden voice : — ' Now art thou mine ! ' — 
 
 The golden boy is gone. The song 
 And the symphonious harps no more 
 Their Siren minstrelsy prolong. 
 One crimson curtain waves before 
 His sight, and opens. From its screen, 
 The nymph of more than earthly mien, 
 The magic maid of Thessaly, 
 Came forth, her tresses loosely streaming. 
 Her eyes with dewy radiance beaming, 
 Her form all grace and symmetry, 
 225 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 In silken vesture light and free 
 
 As if the woof were air, she came, 
 
 And took his hand, and called his name. 
 
 — ' Now art thou mine ! ' — again she cried,- 
 ' My love's indissoluble chain 
 Has found thee in that goblet's tide. 
 And thou shalt wear my flower again.' — 
 She said, and in Anthemion's breast 
 She placed the laurel-rose : her arms 
 She twined around him, and imprest 
 Her lips on his, and fixed on him 
 Fond looks of passionate love : her charms 
 With tenfold radiance on his sense 
 Shone through the studied negligence 
 Of her light vesture. His eyes swim 
 With dizziness. The lamps grow dim. 
 And tremble, and expire. No more. 
 Darkness is there, and Mystery : 
 And Silence keeps the golden key 
 Of Beauty's bridal door. 
 
 226 
 
• No w art thou mine I * 
 
CANTO VII 
 
Those feelings came and passed away, and left hivi lor?i. 
 
CANTO VII 
 
 First, fairest, best, of powers supernal, 
 
 Love waved in heaven his wings of gold. 
 
 And from the depths of Night eternal, 
 
 Black Erebus, and Chaos old, 
 
 Bade light, and life, and beauty rise 
 
 Harmonious from the dark disguise 
 
 Of elemental discord wild, 
 
 Which he had charmed and reconciled. 
 
 Love first in social bonds combined 
 
 The scattered tribes of humankind, 
 
 And bade the wild race cease to roam. 
 
 And learn the endearing name of home. 
 
 From Love the sister arts began. 
 
 That charm, adorn, and soften man. 
 
 To Love the feast, the dance, belong. 
 
 The temple-rite, the choral song ; 
 
 All feelings that refine and bless, 
 
 All kindness, sweetness, gentleness. 
 
 Him men adore, and gods admire, 
 
 Of delicacy, grace, desire. 
 
 Persuasion, bliss, the bounteous sire ; 
 
 In hopes, and toils, and pains, and fears, 
 
 Sole dryer of our human tears ; 
 
 Chief ornament of heaven, and king 
 
 Of earth, to whom the world doth sing 
 
 One chorus of accordant pleasure, 
 
 Of which he taught and leads the measure. 
 
 He kindles in the inmost mind 
 
 One lonely flame — for once — for one — 
 
 A vestal fire, which, there enshrined, 
 
 233 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Lives on, till life itself be done. 
 All other fires are of the earth, 
 And transient : but of heavenly birth 
 Is Love's first flame, which howsoever 
 Fraud, power, woe, chance, or fate, may sever 
 From its congenial source, must burn 
 Unquenched, but in the funeral urn. 
 
 And thus Anthemion knew and felt, 
 As in that palace on the wild, 
 By daemon art adorned, he dwelt 
 With that bright nymph, who ever smiled 
 Refulgent as the summer morn 
 On eastern ocean newly born. 
 Though oft, in Rhododaphne's sight, 
 A phrensied feeling of delight, 
 With painful admiration mixed 
 Of her surpassing beauty, came 
 Upon him, yet of earthly flame 
 That passion was. Even as betwixt 
 The night-clouds transient lightnings play. 
 Those feelings came and passed away, 
 And left him lorn. Calliroe ever 
 Pursued him like a bleeding shade. 
 Nor all the magic nymph's endeavour 
 Could from his constant memory sever 
 The image of that dearer maid. 
 
 Yet all that love and art could do 
 The enchantress did. The pirate-crew 
 Her power had snatched from death, and pent 
 Awhile in ocean's bordering caves. 
 To be her ministers and slaves : 
 And there, by murmured spells, she sent 
 On all their shapes phantastic change. 
 In many an uncouth form and strange. 
 Grim dwarf, or bony Aethiop tall. 
 They plied, throughout the enchanted hall. 
 Their servile ministries, or sate ■ 
 Gigantic mastiffs in the gate, 
 Or stalked around the garden-dells 
 In lion-guise, gaunt centinels. 
 
 234 
 
Tkey J>lied, throughout the enchanted hall^ their servile ministries. 
 
Or stalked around tite gardcn-ddls in lion-guise. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And many blooming youths and maids, 
 A joyous Bacchanalian train 
 (That mid the rocks and piny shades 
 Of mountains, through whose wild domain 
 Oeagrian Hebrus, swift and cold, 
 Impels his waves o'er sands of gold, 
 Their orgies led), by secret force 
 Of her far-scattered spells compelled. 
 With song, and dance, and shout, their course 
 Tow'rds that enchanted dwelling held. 
 
 Oft, 'mid those palace-gardens fair, 
 The beauteous nymph (her radiant hair 
 With mingled oak and vine leaves crowned) 
 Would grasp the thyrsus ivy-bound. 
 And fold, her festal vest around, 
 The Bacchic nebris, leading thus 
 The swift and dizzy thiasus : 
 And as she moves, in all her charms, 
 With springing feet and flowing arms, 
 'Tis strange in one fair shape to see 
 How many forms of grace can be. 
 The youths and maids, her beauteous train, 
 Follow fast in sportive ring. 
 Some the torch and mystic cane. 
 Some the vine-bough, brandishing ; 
 Some, in giddy circlets fleeting, 
 The Corybantic timbrel beating : 
 Maids, with silver flasks advancing. 
 Pour the wine's red-sparkling tide. 
 Which youths, with heads recumbent dancing. 
 Catch in goblets as they glide : 
 All upon the odorous air 
 Lightly toss their leafy hair. 
 Ever singing, as they move, 
 — ' lo Bacchus ! son of Jove ! ' — 
 And oft, the Bacchic fervours ending. 
 Among those garden-bowers they stray. 
 Dispersed, where fragrant branches blending 
 Exclude the sun's meridian ray, 
 Or on some thymy bank repose. 
 By which a tinkling rivulet flows, 
 
 239 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Where birds, on each o'ershadowing spray, 
 Make music through the live-long day. 
 The while, in one sequestered cave. 
 Where roses round the entrance wave. 
 And jasmin sweet and clustering vine 
 With flowers and grapes the arch o'ertwine, 
 Anthemion and the nymph recline, 
 While in the sunny space, before 
 The cave, a fountain's lucid store 
 Its crystal column shoots on high, 
 And bursts, like showery diamonds flashing, 
 So falls, and with melodious dashing 
 Shakes the small pool. A youth stands by, 
 A tuneful rhapsodist, and sings, 
 Accordant to his changeful strings. 
 High strains of ancient poesy. 
 And oft her golden lyre she takes. 
 And such transcendent strains awakes. 
 Such floods of melody, as steep 
 Anthemion's sense in bondage deep 
 Of passionate admiration : still 
 Combining -with intenser skill 
 The charm that holds him now, whose bands 
 May ne'er be loosed by mortal hands. 
 
 And oft they rouse with clamorous chace 
 The forest, urging wide and far 
 Through glades and dells the sylvan war. 
 Satyrs and Fauns would start around, 
 And through their ferny dingles bound, 
 To see that nymph, all life and grace 
 And radiance, like the huntress-queen, 
 With sandaled feet and vest of green, 
 In her soft fingers grasp the spear. 
 Hang on the track of flying deer. 
 Shout to the dogs as fast they sweep 
 Tumultuous down the woodland steep, 
 And hurl, along the tainted air. 
 The javelin from her streaming hair. 
 
 The bath, the dance, the feast's array, 
 And sweetest rest, conclude the day. 
 And 'twere most witching to disclose, 
 240 
 
Satyrs and Fauns would start around. 
 
The hath coticludes the day. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Were there such power in mortal numbers, 
 
 How she would charm him to repose, 
 
 And gaze upon his troubled slumbers, 
 
 With looks of fonder love, than ever 
 
 Pale Cynthia on Endymion cast. 
 
 While her forsaken chariot passed 
 
 O'er Caria's many-winding river. 
 
 The love she bore him was a flame 
 
 So strong, so total, so intense, 
 
 That no desire beside might claim 
 
 Dominion in her thought or sense. 
 
 The world had nothing to bestow 
 
 On her : for wealth and power were hers : 
 
 The daemons of the earth (that know 
 
 The beds of gems and fountain-springs 
 
 Of undiscovered gold, and where. 
 
 In subterranean sepulchres 
 
 The memory of whose place doth bear 
 
 No vestige, long-forgotten kings 
 
 Sit gaunt on monumental thrones. 
 
 With massy pearls and costly stones 
 
 Hanging on their half-mouldered bones) 
 
 Were slaves to her. The fears and cares 
 
 Of feebler mortals — Want, and Woe 
 
 His daughter, and their mutual child 
 
 Remorseless Crime, — keen Wrath, that tears 
 
 The breast of Hate unreconciled, — 
 
 Ambition's spectral goad, — Revenge, 
 
 That finds in consummation food 
 
 To nurse anew her hydra brood, — 
 
 Shame, Misery's sister, — dread of change. 
 
 The bane of wealth and worldly might, — 
 
 She knew not : Love alone, like ocean, 
 
 Filled up with one unshared emotion 
 
 Her soul's capacity : but right 
 
 And wrong she recked not of, nor owned 
 
 A law beyond her soul's desire ; 
 
 And from the hour that first enthroned 
 
 Anthemion in her heart, the fire, 
 
 That burned within her, like the force 
 
 Of floods swept with it in its course 
 
 245 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 All feelings that might barriers prove 
 To her illimitable love. 
 
 Thus, wreathed with ever-varying flowers, 
 Went by the purple-pinioned hours ; 
 Till once, returning from the wood 
 And woodland chace, at evening-fall, 
 Anthemion and the enchantress stood 
 Within the many-columned hall, 
 Alone. They looked around them. Where 
 Are all those youths and maidens fair. 
 Who followed them but now ? On high 
 She waves her lyre. Its murmurs die 
 Tremulous. They come not whom she calls. 
 Why starts she ? Wherefore does she throw 
 Around the youth her arms of snow, 
 With passion so intense, and weep ? 
 What mean those murmurs, sad and low. 
 That like sepulchral echoes creep 
 Along the marble walls ? 
 Her breath is short and quick ; and, dim 
 With tears, her eyes are fixed on him : 
 Her lips are quivering and apart : 
 He feels the fluttering of her heart : 
 Her face is pale. He cannot shun 
 Her fear's contagion. Tenderly 
 He kissed her lips in sympathy, 
 And said : — ' What ails thee, lovely one ? ' — 
 
 Low, trembling, faint, her accents fall : 
 — ' Look round : what seest thou in the hall ? ' 
 Anthemion looked, and made return : 
 — ' The statues, and the lamps that bum : 
 No more.' — ' Yet look again, where late 
 The solitary image sate, 
 The monarch-dwarf. Dost thou not see 
 An image there which should not be ? ' — 
 
 Even as she bade he looked again : 
 From his high throne the dwarf was gone. 
 Lo ! there, as in the Thespian fane, 
 Uranian Love ! His bow was bent : 
 The arrow to its head was drawn : 
 His frowning brow was fixed intent 
 246 
 
And lodged in Rhododaphne's breast. 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 On Rhododaphne. Scarce did rest 
 Upon that form Anthemion's view, 
 When, sounding shrill, the arrow flew, 
 And lodged in Rhododaphne's breast. 
 It was not Love's own shaft, the giver 
 Of life and joy and tender flame ; 
 But, borrowed from Apollo's quiver. 
 The death-directed arrow came. 
 
 Long, slow, distinct in each stern word, 
 A sweet deep-thrilling voice was heard : 
 — ' With impious spells hast thou profaned 
 My altars ; and all-ruling Jove, 
 Though late, yet certain, has unchained 
 The vengeance of Uranian Love ! ' — i^ 
 
 The marble palace burst asunder. 
 Riven by subterranean thunder. 
 Sudden clouds around them rolled. 
 Lucid vapour, fold on fold. 
 Then Rhododaphne closer prest 
 Anthemion to her bleeding breast, 
 As, in his arms upheld, her head 
 All languid on his neck reclined ; 
 And in the curls, that overspread 
 His cheek, her temple-ringlets twined : 
 Her dim eyes drew, with fading sight. 
 From his their last reflected light. 
 And on his lips, as nature failed, 
 Her lips their last sweet sighs exhaled. 
 
 — ' Farewell ! ' — she said — ' another bride 
 The partner of thy days must be : 
 But do not hate my memory : 
 And build a tomb, by Ladon's tide, 
 To her, who, false in all beside. 
 Was but too true in loving thee ! ' — 
 
 The quivering earth beneath them stirred. 
 In dizzy trance upon her bosom 
 He fell, as falls a wounded bird 
 Upon a broken rose's blossom. 
 
 What sounds are in Anthemion's ear ? 
 It is the lark that carols clear, 
 249 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 And gentle waters murmuring near. 
 He lifts his head : the new-bom day 
 Is round him, and the sunbeams play 
 On silver eddies. Can it be ? 
 The stream he loved in infancy ? 
 The hills ? the Aphrodisian grove ? 
 The fields that knew Calliroe's love ? 
 And those two sister trees, are they 
 The cedar and the poplar grey, 
 That shade old Pheidon's door ? Alas ! 
 Sad vision now ! Does Phantasy 
 Play with his troubled sense, made dull 
 By many griefs ? He does not dream : 
 It is his own Arcadian stream, 
 The fields, the hills : and on the grass, 
 The dewy grass of Ladon's vale. 
 Lies Rhododaphne, cold and pale. 
 But even in death most beautiful ; 
 And there, in mournful silence by her. 
 Lies on the ground her golden lyre. 
 
 He knelt beside her on the ground : 
 On her pale face and radiant hair 
 He fixed his eyes, in sorrow drowned. 
 That one so gifted and so fair. 
 All light and music, thus should be 
 Quenched like a night-star suddenly. 
 Might move a stranger's tears ; but he 
 Had known her love ; such love, as yet 
 Never could heart that knew forget ! 
 He thought not of his wrongs. Alone 
 Her love and loveliness possest 
 His memory, and her fond cares, shewn 
 In seeking, nature's empire through, 
 Devices ever rare and new. 
 To make him calm and blest. 
 Two maids had loved him ; one, the light 
 Of his young soul, the morning star 
 Of life and love ; the other, bright 
 As are the noon-tide skies, when far 
 The vertic sun's fierce radiance bums : 
 The world had been too brief to prove 
 250 
 
Sjpfes..: 
 
 Hefell^ as/alls a wounded Mrd, 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The measure of each single love : 
 Yet, from this hour, forlorn, bereft, 
 Companionless, where'er he turns, 
 Of all that love on earth is left 
 No trace but their cinereal urns. 
 
 But Pheidon's door unfolds ; and who 
 Comes forth in beauty ? Oh ! 'tis she, 
 Herself, his own Calliroe ! 
 And in that burst of blest surprise, 
 Like Lethe's self upon his brain 
 Oblivion of all grief and pain 
 Descends, and tow'rds her path he flies. 
 The maiden knew 
 Her love, and flew 
 
 To meet him, and her dear arms threw 
 Around his neck, and wept for bliss. 
 And on his lips impressed a kiss 
 He had not dared to give. The spell 
 Was broken now, that gave before 
 Not death, but magic slumber. More 
 The closing measure needs not tell. 
 Love, wonder, transport wild and high, 
 Question that waited not reply. 
 And answer unrequired, and smiles 
 Through such sweet tears as bliss beguiles. 
 Fixed, mutual looks of long delight, 
 Soft chiding for o'erhasty flight. 
 And promise never more to roam. 
 Were theirs. Old Pheidon from his home 
 Came forth, to share their joy, and bless 
 Their love, and all was happiness. 
 
 But when the maid Anthemion led 
 To where her beauteous rival slept 
 The long last sleep, on earth dispread. 
 And told her tale, Calliroe wept 
 Sweet tears for Rhododaphne's doom ; 
 For in her heart a voice was heard : 
 — ' 'Twas for Anthemion's love she erred ! '- 
 They built by Ladon's banks a tomb ; 
 And, when the funeral pyre had burned, 
 With seemly rites they there inumed 
 
 253 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 The ashes of the enchantress fair ; 
 
 And sad sweet verse they traced, to show 
 
 That youth, love, beauty, slept below ; 
 
 And bade the votive marble bear 
 
 The name of Rhododaphne. There 
 
 The laurel-rose luxuriant sprung. 
 
 And in its boughs her lyre they hung, 
 
 And often, when, at evening hours. 
 
 They decked the tomb with mournful flowers, 
 
 The lyre upon the twilight breeze 
 
 Would pour mysterious symphonies. 
 
 254 
 
iHil? 
 
 -iSifc '••;..'/ nifo,. 
 
 
 -«^^| 
 
 And on Ms lips impressed a kiss. 
 
NOTES 
 
NOTES 
 
 ^ p. 143, V. 14. Primogenial, or Creative Love, in the Orphic mytho- 
 logy, is the first-born of Night and Chaos, the most ancient of the gods, 
 and the parent of all things. According to Aristophanes, Night produced 
 an egg in the bosom of Erebus, and golden - winged Love burst in 
 due season from the shell. The Egyptians, as Plutarch informs us in 
 his Erotic dialogue, recognised three distinct powers of Love : the 
 Uranian, or Heavenly ; the Pandemian, Vulgar or Earthly ; and the 
 Sun. That the identity of the Sun and Primogenial Love was recog- 
 nised also by the Greeks, appears from the community of their epithets 
 in mythological poetry, as in this Orphic line : wpoirdyovos ^aiduiv 
 irepiii^Keos Tiipos vl6s. Lactantius observes that Love was called 
 TrparSyoyo!, which signifies both first -produced and first - producing, 
 because nothing was born before him, but all things have proceeded 
 from him. Primogenial Love is represented in antiques mounted on 
 the back of a lion, and, being of Egyptian origin, is traced by the 
 modern astronomical interpreters of mythology to the Leo of the 
 Zodiac. Uranian Love, in the mythological philosophy of Plato, is 
 the deity or genius of pure mental passion for the good and the 
 beautiful ; and Pandemian Love, of ordinary sexual attachment. 
 
 ^ P. 143, V. 20. Lysippus. 
 
 ' P. 143, V. 26. Phryne was the mistress of Praxiteles. She requested 
 him to give her his most beautiful work, which he promised to do, but 
 refused to tell which of his works was in his own estimation the best. 
 One day when he was with Phryne, her servant running in announced 
 to him that his house was on fire. Praxiteles started up in great 
 agitation, declaring that all the fruit of his labour would be lost, if his 
 Love should be injured by the flames. His mistress dispelled his alarm, 
 by telling him that the report of the fire was merely a stratagem, by 
 which she had obtained the information she desired. Phryne thus 
 became possessed of the masterpiece of Praxiteles, and bestowed it on 
 her native Thespia. Strabo names, instead of Phryne, Glycera, who 
 
 259 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 was also a Thespian ; but in addition to the testimony of Pausanias 
 and Athenaeus, Casaubon cites a Greek epigram on Phryne, which 
 mentions her dedication of the Thespian Love. 
 
 ^ P. 144, V. 25. Sacrifices were offered at this festival for the appeas- 
 ing of all public and private dissensions. Autobulus, in the beginning 
 of Plutarch's Erotic dialogue, says that his father and mother, when first 
 married, went to the Thespian festival, to sacrifice to Love, on account 
 of a quarrel between their parents. 
 
 '^ P. 158, v. 21. The allusions are to the Hippolytus and Alcestis 
 of Euripides, and to the Antigone oi Sophocles. 
 
 ^ P. 158, v. 39. T(X di p6Sa iKetva oiK ^v p6da dXridivA.- t4 S' ^v iK 
 T^s dypias SdfpVTjs <l>v6^va' po5oS<i(pyT]v aiirijv KoXovatP dvdpoj-rror KaKbv 
 dpLffrov 6v(p roOro iravri^ koI IVTry (j>aGl yap rbv (pay6vTa 6.Trodvij(TKeLV 
 airUa. Lucianus in Asino. — 'These roses were not true roses: they 
 were flowers of the wild laurel, which men call rhododaphne, or rose- 
 laurel. It is a bad dinner for either horse or ass, the eating of it being 
 attended by immediate death. ' Apuleius has amplified this passage : 
 ' I observed from afar the deep shades of a leafy grove, through whose 
 diversified and abundant verdure shone the snowy colour of refulgent 
 roses. As my perceptions and feelings were not asinine like my shape,^ 
 I judged it to be a sacred grove of Venus and the Graces, where the 
 celestial splendour of their genial flower glittered through the dark- 
 green shades. I invoked the propitious power of joyful Event, and 
 sprang forward with such velocity, as if I were not indeed an ass, but the 
 horse of an Olympic charioteer. But this splendid effort of energy could 
 not enable me to outrun the cruelty of my fortune. For on approach- 
 ing the spot, I saw, not those tender and delicate roses, the offspring of 
 auspicious bushes, whose fragrant leaves make nectar of the morning-dew ; 
 nor yet the deep wood I had seemed to see from afar ; but only a thick 
 line of trees skirting the edge of a river. These trees, clothed with an 
 abundant and laurel-like foliage, from which they stretch forth the cups 
 of their pale and inodorous flowers, are called, among the unlearned 
 rustics, by the far from rustic appellation of laurel-roses : the eating of 
 which is mortal to all quadrupeds. Thus entangled by evil fate, and 
 despairing of safety, I was on the point of swallowing the poison of 
 those fictitious roses, etc. ' Pliny says that this plant, though poison to 
 quadrupeds, is an antidote to men against the venom of serpents. 
 
 ' P. 163, v. 24. The plane was sacred to the Genius, as the oak to 
 Jupiter, the olive to Minerva, the palm to the Muses, the myrtle and 
 
 1 This is spoken in the character of Lucius, who has been changed to an ass by a 
 Thessalian ointment, and can be restored to his true shape only by the eating of 
 roses. 
 
 260 
 
NOTES 
 
 rose to Venus, the laurel to Apollo, the ash to Mars, the beech to 
 Hercules, the pine to Pan, the fir and ivy to Bacchus, the cypress to 
 Sylvanus, the cedar to the Eumenides, the yew and poppy to Ceres, etc. 
 ' I swear to you,' says Socrates in the Phaedrus of Plato, ' by any one 
 of the gods, if you will, by this plane.' 
 
 ^ P. 1 72, V. 23. Ascra derived its name from a nymph, of whom 
 Neptune was enamoured. She bore him a son named Oeoclus, who 
 built Ascra in conjunction with the giants Ophus and Ephialtes, 
 who were also sons of Neptune, by Iphimedia, the wife of Aloeus. 
 Pausanias mentions that nothing but a solitary tower of Ascra was 
 remaining in his time. Strabo describes it as having a lofty and rugged 
 site. It was the birthplace of Hesiod, who gives a dismal picture 
 of it. 
 
 ^ P. 173, V. i6. 'The andrachne,' says Pausanias, 'grows abund- 
 antly in Helicon, and bears fruit of incomparable sweetness.' Pliny 
 says, ' It is the same plant which is called in Latin illecebra: it grows 
 on rocks, and is gathered for food. ' 
 
 ^° P. 173, V. 26. It was said by the Thracians that those nightingales 
 which had their nests about the tomb of Orpheus sang more sweetly 
 and powerfully than any others. Pausanias, L. IX. 
 
 •■^ P. 186, V. n. It was the custom of Pan to repose from the chase 
 at noon. Theocritus, Id. I. 
 
 ^^ P. 199, V. 18. Sophocles, Oed. Col. Mi; ^Cj-at rhv &-Ka.vTa. viKq. 
 \b^Qv' T6 5', kireX 4'av'Qj B^i'at KeWev Udev Trep ■jJKSi, HoKii de&repov^ 
 (is TaxiCTa. This was a very favourite sentiment among the Greeks. 
 The same thought occurs in Ecclesiastes iv. 2, 3. 
 
 ^ P. 206, V. 28. The children of the Sun were known by the 
 splendour of their eyes and hair. Ilao-a yap iieXlov yever) dplSriXos 
 l84a0aL ''He;'' iwel /3Xe0dpajy airoTyjKbdi fiapfJiapvy^(np Olov iK XP^^^^^ 
 Avrdnnov Xecrav aly\T}v. Apollonius, IV. 727. And in the Orphic 
 Argonautics Circe is thus described : Ik 5' &pa. TrAvres Odfi^eov da- 
 optxavTes' &Trb Kpards yb.p ideipai HvpffaTs d^KrlvecrffLv oKiyKtot. '^djpTjvro' 
 XrlX^e de Ka\a Trpbaaira,, (jiKoybi S' iTriKap-ivev Avrixi}. 
 
 ^* P. 216, V. 37. 'The dreaded name of Daemogorgon' is familiar 
 to every reader, in Milton's enumeration of the Powers of Chaos. 
 Mythological writers in general afford but little information concerning 
 this terrible Divinity. He is incidentally mentioned in several places 
 by Natalis Comes, who says, in treating of Pan, that Pronapides, in 
 his Protocosmus, makes Pan and the three sister Fates the offspring of 
 Daemogorgon. Boccaccio, in a Latin treatise on the Genealogy of the 
 Gods, gives some account of him on the authority of Theodotion and 
 Pronapides. He was the Genius of the Earth, and the Sovereign 
 
 261 
 
RHODODAPHNE 
 
 Power of the Terrestrial Daemons. He dwelt originally with Eternity 
 and Chaos, till, becoming weary of inaction, he organised the chaotic 
 elements, and surrounded the earth with the heavens. In addition to 
 Pan and the Fates, his children were Uranus, Titaea, Pytho, Eris, and 
 Erebus. This awful Power was so sacred among the Arcadians, that 
 it was held impious to pronounce his name. The impious, however, 
 who made less scruple about pronouncing it, are said to have found it 
 of great virtue in magical incantations. He has been supposed to be a 
 philosophical emblem of the principle of vegetable life. The silence 
 of mythologists concerning him can only be attributed to their venera- 
 tion for his ' dreaded name ' ; a proof of genuine piety which must be 
 pleasing to our contemporary Pagans, for some such there are. 
 
 " P. 249, v. 14. The late but certain vengeance of the gods occurs 
 in many forms as a sentence among the classical writers, and is the 
 subject of an interesting dialogue, among the moral works of Plutarch, 
 which concludes with the fable of Thespesius, a very remarkable proto- 
 type of the Inferno of Dante. 
 
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INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abdahams (!.)• • • 43 
 Abbey (£. A. 1 . . X5) 47 
 Abbot (F.E.) . ., . 42 
 Abbott (E. A.) 6, 17, 38, 39j42 
 Acton (Lord) . . .11 
 Adams (Sir F. O.) . . 3* 
 Addison . . 4, 34. 25 
 
 Msor. ... 14, 48 
 Agassiz (L.) ... 4 
 AiNGER (Rev. A.) 5,20,27,42 
 
 AlNSLlE (A. D.). • • l3 
 
 Airy (Sir G. B.) . 3, 34 
 AiTKEN (Manr C.) . . 25 
 AlTKEN (Sir W.) . 30 
 
 Albemarle (Earl of) . 4 
 Aldous (J. C. P.) . 40, 41 
 Aldrich (T. B.) . . 17 
 Alexander (C. F.) . 17, 25 
 Alexander fT.) . 10 
 
 Alexander (Bisliop) . 4? 
 Allbott (T. C.) . . 28 
 Allen (G.) ... 7 
 Allingham (W.) . . 35 
 Amiel (H. F.) . . .4 
 Anderson (A.) . . . 17 
 Anderson (L.). . . 2 
 Anderson (Dr. McCall) , 28 
 Andrews (C. M.) . . 11 
 Andrews (Dr. Thomas) . 33 
 Appleton (T. G.) . . 4f 
 Archer-Hind (R.D.) . 4^ 
 Arnold(M.) 9, 17, 24, 25, 38, 39 
 Arnold (Dr. T.) . ,11 
 Arnold (W. T.) . . 11 
 Ashley (W. J.). . 4, 35 
 n(G. F." 
 
 Atkinso: 
 Atkinson 
 
 (f.B.) . . 2 
 Atkinson (Rev. J. C.) 2, 4S 
 Attwei.l (H.) . . . 25 
 Austen (Jane) . . ,21 
 Austin (Alfred) 10, Z7, 24 
 
 Autenrieth (Georg) . o 
 Awdry(F.) _. . .48 
 Bacon (Francis) . 4- 24, 25 
 Badenoch (L. N.) . 30, 50 
 Bailey (L. H.) . . 10 
 Baines (Rev. E.) . . 4s 
 Baker (Sir S. W.)4,36, 37,47,48 
 
 Balch (Elizabetl ) 
 Baldwin (Prof. J.M.) 
 Baleour (F. M.) . 
 Balfour (J. B.) 
 
 Ball (T.) 
 Ball (W. 
 
 Piatt) 
 Ball(W.W.R.) 
 Ballance (C. A.) 
 Barker (G. F.) 
 Barker (Lady) . 
 Barlow (J.) 
 Barnard (C.) . 
 Barnard (F. A. P.). 
 Barnes (R. H.) 
 Barnes (W.) . 
 Barnbtt (E. a.) . 
 Barry (A.) 
 Bartholomew (J. G.) 
 Bastlbtt (J.) . 
 
 14 
 33 
 
 • 7 
 
 • 7 
 
 • 47 
 
 • 7 
 IS, 28 
 
 . 28 
 
 • 33 
 3| 9, 47, 48 
 
 • 14, 48 
 34 
 
 • 4 
 
 • S 
 4 
 
 9> 37 
 
 • 42 
 
 • 3 
 9. 17 
 
 6,2 
 
 Barwell (R.) . 
 Bastable (Prof. C. F.) 
 Bateman (J.) . 
 Bates (K. L.) . 
 Bateson (W.) 
 Bath (Marquis of) 
 Bather (ArchdeacoD) 
 Baxter (L.) 
 Bbesly (Mrs.) . 
 Behrens (H.) . 
 Benedikt (R.) 
 Benham (Rev. W.) 
 Benson (Archi-i hop) 
 Benson (W. A. S.) 
 Bentley . 
 Berg (L.) . 
 Berlioz (H.) . 
 Bernard (C. E.) 
 Bernard (J. H.) 
 Bernard (H. M.) 
 Bernard (M.) . 
 Bernasd (T. D.) 
 Berners (J.) . 
 
 BESANT(Sir W.) 
 
 Bettany(G. 1 .) 
 Bickerton (T. ri.) 
 Bigelow(M. M.) 
 Bik«las(D.) . 
 BiNNlE (Rev. W.) 
 
 BlRRELL (A.) . 
 
 BiRKS (T. R.) 7, 
 
 BjORNSON (B ) . 
 
 Black (W.) . 
 Blackburne (E.) 
 Blackie (J. S.) 
 Blake (J. F.) . 
 Blake (W.) . 
 Blakiston (J. R.) 
 Blanfokd (H. F.) 
 Blanford (W. T.) 
 Blennerhassett (R.) 
 Blomfibld (R.) 
 Blyth (A. W.) . 
 BohM'Bawbrk (Frof.) 
 Boldrewood (Rolf), 
 
 BONAR (J.) 
 
 Bond (Rev. J.) . 
 Boole (G.) 
 Booth (C.) 
 Porgeaud (C ). 
 Borrow (G.) . 
 Bosanquet (B.) 
 Bosb (W. P. dul 
 Booghton [G. !■[.) 
 Boutmy (E.) . 
 BowENfH.C). 
 Bower (F.O.) 
 Bradford (A. H.) 
 Bradford (G.). 
 Bradley (A. G.) 
 Brett (R. B ) . 
 Bridges (T. A.). 
 Bright (H. A.). 
 Bright (John) . 
 Brimlev (G.) . 
 Brodie (Sir B.). 
 Bsodribb (W. J.) 
 
 PAGE 
 
 28 
 
 35 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 7 
 
 36 
 
 4» 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 15 
 33. 39, 42 
 
 .? 
 
 4 
 
 7i 24 
 3 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 10, 34 
 
 11, 30 
 
 • 47 
 . 10 
 
 • 14 
 
 • 35 
 . 21 
 
 .5, 35 
 
 ■ 3") 
 
 ■ 32 
 
 • 37 
 
 ■ 15 
 . 21 
 
 32, 37 
 
 ■ 43 
 
 • 47 
 . 15 
 
 • 31 
 
 7 
 
 • 42 
 
 • 24 
 
 • 4 
 
 ■ 36 
 • 34 
 . 8 
 16,46 
 
 Brooke (Sir J.) 
 Brooke (S. A.). 
 Brooks (liishop) 
 Brown (Prof. C.) 
 Brown (J. A.) . 
 Brown (Dr. James) 
 Brown (T.E.) . 
 Browne (I. H. B.) 
 Browne (Sir T.) 
 Bruce (P. A.) . 
 tjRUNTON(Dr.T.L.) 
 Brvce (James) . 
 BucHHElM (C. A.) 
 Buck LAND (A.). 
 Buckley (A. B ) 
 
 BUCKNILL (Dr. J. C 
 BUCKTON (G. B.) 
 BUNYAN . 
 BUEDETT (C. W. B.) 
 BORGONfJ.W.) 
 BuRKE (E.) 
 
 Burn (R.). 
 
 Burnett (F. Hodgson) 
 
 Burns 
 
 Bury (J. B.) . 
 
 Butcher (Prof. S. H.) 
 
 fagb 
 ■ 4 
 
 16, 17,26,42 
 42, 47 
 . 33 
 
 Butler (A. J.). 
 Butler (Rev. G.) 
 Butler (Samuel) 
 Butler (Archer) 
 Butler (Sir W. F.) 
 Buxton (Mrs. S.) 
 Byron 
 
 Cairnes (J. E.) 
 Cajori (f.) 
 Caldecott (R.) 
 Caldbron 
 Calderwood (H.) 
 Calderwood (W, L, 
 Callaway (Bishop) 
 Calvert (Rev. A.) 
 Cameron (V. L.) 
 Campbell (D. H ) 
 Campbell (Sir G.) 
 Campbell (J. D.) 
 Campbell (J. F.) 
 
 .M 
 
 • 4 
 . 17 
 
 ■ 14 
 
 • 25 
 12, 35 
 
 38, 29, 42 
 II, 36 
 . 25 
 6,36 
 
 . IS 
 
 • 39 
 
 • 50 
 
 4i 24, 35 
 
 • 38 
 
 ■ 17 
 . 36 
 
 17.35 
 
 13 
 
 :6, 24, 46 
 17, 46 
 ■ 43 
 
 • 17 
 
 • 4» 
 
 • 4 
 
 • 38 
 
 • 35 
 35, 36 
 
 . 28 
 15,48 
 
 • '7 
 7, 9, 33, 33 
 
 Campbell (Dr. J. ..^.^ 
 Ca.mpbell (Prof. Lewis) 
 Cantillon 
 Capes (W.W.). 
 Carles (W. R.) 
 Caelylb(T.) . 
 Carmarthen (Lady) 
 Carnarvon (Earl of) 
 Carnot (N. L. G.) . 
 Carpenter (Bishop) 
 Carr(J.C.) . 
 Carroll (Lewis) 
 Carter (R. Brudenell) 
 Cassel (Dr. D.) 
 Cattel (J. McK.) . 
 Cautley(G. S.) 
 Cazenove (J. G.) . 
 Chalmers (J. A.) . 
 Chalmers (J. B.) . 
 Chalmbrs (M. D.) , 
 
 49 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 • 39 
 
 • 47 
 
 ■ 7 
 
 ■ 4 
 4,18 
 
 ■ 47 
 
 • 42 
 5,i5 
 
 • 35 
 . 16 
 
 • 47 
 
 • 4 
 
 31 
 
 • 4S 
 
 • 34 
 
 • 43 
 2,17 
 
 33, 48 
 
 • 39 
 
 . 13 
 
 ■ 33 
 
 • 17 
 
 • 43 
 
 35 
 
52 
 
 FACE 
 
 Chanler (W. a.) . . 47 
 Chapman (Elizabeth R.) . 17 
 Chappell (.W,). . . 30 
 Chase (Rev. F. H.). . 39 
 Chasseresse (Diana) . 37 
 Chaucer . . .16, 17 
 Cheetham (Arciideacon). 40 
 Cherry (R. K.) . . ij 
 Cheyne (C. H. H.) . .3 
 Chevne(T. K.) . . 39 
 Chirol(V.) ... 36 
 Christie (W. D.) . . 25 
 Church (Rev. A. J.). 4, 16, 38, 46 
 Church (F.J.) . . 26,46 
 Chdrch (R. W.). 
 
 4, j, 6, 12, 17, 24, 41, 42 
 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 .18, 24, 25 
 36 
 
 10, 35 
 5 
 
 24, 31 
 48 
 
 Clare (G.) 
 Clark (I. W.) . 
 Clark (L.) 
 Clark (R ) 
 Clark (S.) 
 Clark (T. M.) . 
 Clarke (C. B.). 
 Cleveland (Duchess) 
 Clifford (Ed.J 
 Clifford (W. K.) . 
 Clifford (Mrs. W.K.) 
 Clough (A. H.) 
 COBDEN (R.) , 
 Cohen (J. B.) . 
 Cole (G. A. G.) 
 Colenso (J. W.) 
 Coleridge (C. R.) . 
 Coleridge (S. T.) . 
 Collier (Hon. John) 
 Collins (C ) . 
 Collins (J. Churton) 
 COLQUHOUN (F. S.) . 
 Colvin (Sidney) 
 Combe (G.) 
 Comey(A. M.). 
 Commons (T. R.) 
 Congreve (Rev. J.) . 
 Conway (Hugh) 
 Cook (E. T.) . 
 Cooke (A. H.) . 
 Cooke (C. Kinloch) . 
 
 Cooke (J- P-) • 
 Cooper (E. H.) 
 corbstt (j.) . 
 
 CORFIELD (W. H.) 
 
 Cornish (F.) , 
 Corson (H ) . 
 CossA (L.) 
 Cotes (E.). 
 cotterill (j. h.) 
 Cotton (Bishop) 
 Cotton (C.) . 
 Cotton (J. S.) . 
 COUES (E.) 
 
 COURTHOPE (W. J.) 
 COWELL (G.) . 
 COWPER 
 
 Cox (G. V.) 
 
 CRAIK(Mrs.) 18,21,24,25,47,48 
 
 18 
 
 . 4, 21, 48 
 
 43 
 
 • 43 
 
 • 15 
 
 . . 36 
 
 . 50 
 • 4i 16, 24 
 
 . 29 
 
 .18, 24, 25 
 
 Craik (H.) . 6, 10, 24, 
 Crane (Lucy) . 
 Crane (Walter) 
 Craven (Mrs. D.) . 
 Crawford (F M.) .14,21, 
 Crawshaw (W. H.). 
 Creighton (Bishop M.) 5, 
 
 CRICHT0N-BR0WNB(5irJ.) 
 
 Cross (J. A.) , 
 Crosskbt (R.) . . 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 page 
 Crosslev(E.) ... 3 
 Crossley (H.) . . .46 
 Cumming(L.) . , .33 
 Cunliffe (J. W.) . . 24 
 Cunningham (C.) . . 36 
 Cunningham (Sir H.S.). 21 
 Cunningham (Rev. J.) . 40 
 CuNNlNGHAM(Rev.W)40,4i,.,3 
 Cunynghame (Sir A, T.) . 30 
 C'irteis (Rev. G. H.) 40, 43 
 
 CURTIN (J.) , . .21 
 
 D'Arcy(C. F.). . . 32 
 Dabbs (G. H. R.) . . 18 
 Dahlstrom (K. P.), . 10 
 Dahn(F.) ... 21 
 Dakyns (H. G.) . . 46 
 Dale(A.W.W.) . . 4-5 
 Dalton (Rev. J. N.) . 46 
 Daniell (Alfred). . .33 
 Dante . . .4, 17, 46 
 Dasent(A. I.). . . 12 
 Davidson (Bishop) , 41, 43 
 Davies (Rev. J. LI.). 4' 43 
 Davies(W.^ . . f, 4i 
 Davis (R. H.) . . . 21 
 Dawkins (W. B.) . . I 
 Dawson (G. M.) . . 11 
 Dawson (Sir J. W.). . 11 
 Dawson (W. J.) . . 18 
 Day (L. B.) . . . 2i 
 Dav(R. E.) , . .33 
 Dean (A.). , . .10 
 Dean(B.). ... 49 
 Defoe (D.) , . 5, 25 
 Degerdon (W. E.) . . 38 
 Deighton (K.). 5, 19, 24, 27 
 Delamotte (p. H.). . 3 
 Delbos (L.) . . .31 
 Dbll(E. C.) ... 14 
 De Morgan (M.) , . 48 
 Deussen(P.) . . . 32 
 De Quatrefages (A.) . i 
 De Rousiers (P.) . . 35 
 Dk Varigny (H.) 7 
 
 De Vere (A.) . . 18, 24 
 
 D'ISRAELI (B.) . . .22 
 
 Dicey (A. V.) . . 15, 36 
 Dickens (C.) . . 21,24 
 Dickens (M. A.) . 22, 24 
 DiGGLE(Rev.J. W.). . 43 
 DiLKE (Ashton W.) . . 24 
 DiLKE (Sir Charles W.) 30, 36 
 
 DiLLWVN (E, A.) . . 22 
 
 Dobbin (L.) ... 8 
 DoBSON (A.) . , S. X4 
 Donaldson (J.) . . 41 
 DONISTHORPE (W.) . . 36 
 
 Dorr (J. C. R.) . . 47 
 Douglas (Theo.) - . 22 
 DowDEN (E.) 5, 17, 19, 26 
 Doyle (Sir F. H.) . . rS 
 DoyleM.A.) , . .12 
 Drage(G.) . . .37 
 Drake (B.) . . .46 
 DRUMM0ND(Frof. J.) . 43 
 Drvdbn . . . .25 
 Du Cane (E. F.) . . 36 
 DuFF(Sir M. E. G.) 6, 25, 36, 47 
 Duncan (S. J.). . . 22 
 
 DunSMUIR (A.). . . 22 
 
 DOntzer (H.) . . . 5, 6 
 Durand (Sir M.) . . 22 
 Dyer (L.) . . . 2, 35 
 Dyer (H.). ... 37 
 Eadib (J.). . . 4, 38, 40 
 
 FAGB 
 
 Earl (A.). ... 33 
 
 Eastlake (Lady) . . 41 
 
 Ebers(G.) . . . aa 
 
 ECCLES (A. S.) . . . 29 
 
 Edgeworth (Prof. F. Y.). 35 
 
 Edgeworth (M.) , . 22 
 
 Edmunds (Dr. W.) . . 28 
 
 Edwards-Moss (Sir J. E.) 38 
 
 Ehlers(E. S.). . . 29 
 
 KiMER (G. H. T.) . . 7 
 
 Elderton(W.A.) , II 
 
 Ellerton (Kev. J.). . 43 
 
 Elliott (Hon. A.) . . 36 
 
 Ellis (A.). . . 20, 25 
 
 Ellis (T.). ... 3 
 
 Emerson (R. W.) . 4, 25 
 
 Emerson (O. F.) . . 31 
 
 Erman (A.) ... a 
 
 Evans (Lady) . • a 
 
 Evans (S.) ... 18 
 
 Everett (J. D.) , . 33 
 
 Falconer (Lanoe) . . aa 
 
 Farrar (Archd.) 6, 39, 43 
 
 FARRER(SirT. H.) . . 36 
 
 Fasnacht (G. E.) . . as 
 
 Faulkner (F.). . . 8 
 FAWCETT(Prof. H.). 
 -- i.H.j. 
 
 Fawcett (Mrs. '. 
 Fay (Amy) 
 Fayrer (Sir J.). 
 Fearnlev (W.) 
 Fearon (D. R.) 
 Ferrel (W.) . 
 Fessenden (C.) 
 Field (Mrs. E. M.) . 
 Field (Rev. X.) 
 Fielde (A. M.). 
 Finck (H. T.) 
 Fisher (Rev. O.) . 
 Fiske(J.). 7, 
 FisoN(L.). 
 Fitch U- G.) . 
 Fitz Gerald (Caroline) 
 Fitzgerald (Edward) 
 
 35i 37 
 
 6, 35. •!7 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 33 
 
 33 
 32, 37. 43 
 
 18 
 
 18, as 
 
 6 
 
 • 31 
 
 Fitzmaurice (Lord E ) 
 Flagg (A. T.) . 
 Fleischer (E ). 
 Fleming (G.) . . .as 
 Flory (M. A.) . . .3 
 Flower (Sir W.H.). . 49 
 FlUckiger (F. A.) , . 29 
 Fonda (A. J.) ... 35 
 Forbes (A.) . . 4, 47 
 Forbes (Rev. G.) . . 43 
 Forbes-Mitchell (W.) 5,47 
 FoRTEScuE (Hon. J. W.) 4,30 
 Foster (Prof. M.) . 7, 34, 35 
 Foster-Melliar (A.) . 10 
 Fothergill (Dr. J. M.) 9, ag 
 Fowle (Rev. T. W.). 36, 43 
 
 Fowler (Rev. T.) 
 Fowler (W. W.) . 2, 
 Fox (T. W.) . 
 Fox (Dr. Wilson) . 
 
 FOXELL (W. J.) 
 
 Foxwell (Prof. H. S) 
 Framji (D.) . 
 Francis (F.) . 
 Frankland (P. F.) . 
 Franklin (W. S.) . 
 Eraser (Mrs ) . , 
 Fraser (Bishop) 
 Fraser-Tytler (C. C.) 
 Frazee (J. G.) . 
 French (G.R.) 
 
 5.3a 
 as. 30 
 
 • 38 
 
 • a9 
 
 • 43 
 
 • 36 
 
 33 
 48 
 43 
 18 
 1 
 17 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 IFreeman (Prof. E. A.) 
 
 > 5i "i 37 
 
 Fribdmann (p.) 
 iFroissart . . 
 Fbost(A.B.) . 
 Fboude (J. A.) . 
 Fdllerton (W. M.) 
 furnivall (f.j.j . 
 
 rvFFE(C.A.) . 
 
 Fyke(H. H.) . 
 Oairdner (J.) . . 
 ■Gaisford (H.) . 
 -Galt (J.) . 
 Galton (F.) . 
 Gamgke (Arthur) 
 ■Gardner (E.) . 
 Gardner (Percy) 
 Garnett (R.) . 
 <Jarnett (W.) , 
 Gaskell (Mrb.) 
 GASKOlN(Mrs. H.) , 
 Geddes (W. D.) 
 Gee(H.) . 
 Gee (W. W. H.) 
 Gi£lKlE(SirA.). 
 Gennadius (T.) 
 Genong(J. F.) 
 •George (H. B.) 
 GiBBlNS (H. de B.) 
 Gibbon (C>iarl'-s) 
 Gidding(F. H.) 
 Gillies (H. C.) 
 Gilchrist (A.). 
 Giles (P.). 
 -Oilman (N. P.) 
 GlLMORK (Rev. J.) 
 Gladstone (Dr. t. H.) 
 Gladstone (W, B.) . 
 Glaister (E.) , 
 'Glover (E.) , 
 Godfrav (H.) . 
 
 GODKIN (G. S.) 
 
 Goethe 
 
 •GOLDIE (T.) 
 
 Goldsmith 
 
 17. 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 38 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 • 33 34 
 
 4,5,6,11,34 
 
 - 21 
 
 . '7 
 
 ■ 31 
 35 37 
 . 16 
 8, 10 
 . 17 
 
 ■ 2> 9 
 • 43 
 . 3 
 
 6 
 
 5, 14, 18, 25 
 
 . 37 
 
 5, 14, 18, 25, 26 
 
 II 
 
 14 
 
 GONNER (E. C. K.) . 
 
 Goodfellow (J.) 
 
 GOODNOW(F. J.> . .If 
 
 Gordon (General C. G.) . 5 
 Gordon fLady Duff) . 47 
 •Gordon (H.) - . .33 
 GosLHEN (Rt. Hon. G. J.). 35 
 GossE (Edmund) . 5, 16 
 Gow (J.) 
 
 • 31 
 . 25 
 
 . 18 
 
 . 22 
 
 ■ 9 
 
 . 43 
 . 22 
 
 • 34 
 7, 26 
 
 18, 26 
 . 26 
 3, 31 
 
 Gow(W.) 
 
 Gracian (Balthasar) 
 Graham (D.) . 
 Graham (J. W.) 
 Grand'homme (E.) . 
 •Grane (W. L.). 
 ■Grant (C.) 
 Gray (Prof. Andrew) 
 Gray (Asa) 
 ■Gray 
 
 Gray (J. L.) . 
 ■Gregory (R. A.) 
 Green (J. R.) 11, 12, 14, »5, -- 
 Green (Mrs. J. R.) . s, ii, 12 
 Green (W, S.) . . . 47 
 Greenhill (W. a.) . • 25 
 Greenwood (F.) . ,26 
 Greenwood (J. E.) , . 48 
 Grenfell (Mrs.) , . 9 
 Griffiths (W. H.) . . 29 
 'Grimm .... 48 
 
 page 
 II, 30 
 
 Grove (Sir G.). 
 Guest (E.) ... 12 
 Guest (M. J.) . . 12 
 
 (^uillemin (aJ . 33, 34 
 GuizoT (F. P. (,.) . . 
 Gunton (G.) ... 35 
 
 GWATKIN (H. M.) . . 40 
 
 Halle (E. von) . . 35 
 Kales (J. W.) . iB, 21, 25, 2c 
 Hallward (R. F.) . . I • 
 
 liAMERTON (P. G.) . 3, 15. 26 
 
 Hamilton (Prof. D. J .; . 29 
 Hamilton (J.). . . 43 
 Hanbury(D.). . 7,29 
 Hannay (David) . . 4 
 Harden (A.) ... 9 
 Kardwick (Archd. C.) 40, 43 
 Hardy (A. S.) . . .22 
 Hardy (W. J.). . . 40 
 Hare (A. W.) ... 26 
 Hare (J. C.) . . . 43 
 Harker (a.) . . . 34 
 Harris (Rev. G. C). . 4 f 
 Harrison (F.^. 5, 6,12, 15, 26 
 Harrison (Miss J.) . . 2 
 Harte (Bret) . . . 22 
 Hartig (Dr. R.) . .7 
 Hartley (Prof. W.N.) . t 
 
 HaSSALL (A.) ... 12 
 
 Hatch (F. J.) . . . 11 
 Hauser(K.) ... 5 
 Hawkins (H. P.) . . 29 
 Haves (A.) . . 18 
 
 Headlam (A. C.) , .2 
 Headley (F. W.) . 3c, -o 
 Heavisidk (O.) . ^4 
 
 Helm(E.). ... 35 
 Helps (Sir A.) . . ,26 
 HBMPEL(Dr.W.) , . 8 
 Henley (W. E.) . . 15 
 Hekman (H.) . • .2^ 
 Herodotus . . .46 
 Herrick . . . .26 
 Herrmann (G.) . . lo 
 Hertel (Dr.) . . .10 
 Hertz (H.) . . .34 
 HiCKIE (W. J.). . . 39 
 Higinbotham (C. J.) . 5 
 Hill (D.J.) ... 32 
 Hill (F. Davenport) . 37 
 Hill(0.). ... 37 
 Hill (G. B.) . . . 12 
 JilORNS (A. H.) . 29, 30 
 HoBART fLord) . , 26 
 Hobday (E.) . . .10 
 Hodgson (Rev. J. T.) . 5 
 Hoffding (Prof. H.) . 33 
 Hoffman (W, J.) . .1 
 Hofmann (A. W.) . . 8 
 Hole (Rev. C). . 9, 12 
 Holiday (Henry) . . 48 
 Holland (T. E.) . 15,37 
 Hollway-Calthrop(H.) 48 
 Holm (A.). . .13 
 
 Holmes (O.W.ijnnr.) . 15 
 Homer . . 17, 46 
 
 Hood(T.V ... is 
 Hooker (Sir J. D.) . 7, 47 
 HooLE (C. H.) . , .39 
 Hooper (G.) ... 4 
 Hooper (W.H.) . . 3 
 Hopkins (E.) . . . 18 
 Hoppus (M. A. M.) . . 22 
 Horace . . 17, 25, 46 
 HoRT (F. J. A.)s, 39, 40, 41, 43 
 
 43. 47 
 • 39 
 
 , 25, 3'> 
 
 53 
 
 PAGE 
 
 HoRTON (Hon. S. D.) . 35 
 Hosken (J- D.) . . iS 
 Hovenden (R. M.) . . 46 
 Howell (George) . 15, 3S 
 Howes (G. B.) . . 35, 49 
 HowiTT (A. W.) . . I 
 HowsoN (Very Rev. J. S.) 41 
 HoziER (Col. H. M.). . 30 
 Hi)BNER (Baron) . . 47 
 Hughes (T.) 
 
 4, 5, 18. 22, 26, 41 
 Huddilston (J. H.) 
 Hull(E.) 
 
 Hullah (J.) . . 2 
 HuMPHRY(Prof.SirG.M.) 35,49 
 Hunt (Rev. W.) . 
 
 HUNT(W,) . 
 
 Hutchinson (G. W. C.) 
 Hutton (R. H.) . 
 Hutton (Rev. W. H.) 
 Huxley (T) 
 
 5, 26, 32, 3^, 34, 35, 37, 49 
 Hvde(W, deW.) . 
 
 ILLINGWORTH (Rev. J. R, 
 
 ]mi'Ey(S. P.) . 
 Ingram (T.U.) 
 Ireland (A.) . 
 Irving (H ) 
 Irmng (J.) _ . 
 Irving (Washington) 
 Jack (A. A.) . 
 Jackson (D. C.) 
 
 JACK.S0N (F. G.) 
 Jackson (Helen) 
 Jacob (Rev. J, A.) 
 jACOns(J.) . .14, 
 James (Henry). . 5, 
 James (Rev. ri.) 
 James (Prof. W.) . 
 Jardine (Rev. R.) . 
 Jeans (Rev. G E.) . 
 jEBB(Prof. R.C.) 4, 13, 
 Jellett (Rev. J. H.) 
 Jenks (Prof. Ed.) . 
 Jennings (A. C.) 
 Jersey (Countess of) 
 Jephson(H.) . 
 Jevons (W. S.) s, 32, 35, 
 Jewett (S.) 
 Jex-Blake (Sophia). 
 JOCELINE (E.) . 
 
 Johnson (Amy) 
 
 Johnson (Samuel) . 5, 
 
 JOLLEV (A. J.) . 
 
 Jones (Prof. D. E.) . 
 
 Jones (F.). 
 
 Jones (H.Arthur) .16, 
 
 Jones (H. S.) . 
 
 Julius (Dr. P.). 
 
 Kahlden (C.) . 
 
 Kalm (P.) 
 
 Kant 
 
 Kanthack (A. A.) . 
 
 Kari 
 
 Kavanagh (Rt. Hn. A. M. 
 
 Kay (Rev. W.) 
 
 Kbary (Annie). 13,22,38,48 
 
 Keary (Eliza) 
 
 Keats 
 
 Keble(J.). . . 
 
 Kellner (Dr. L.) . 
 
 Kellogg (Rev. S. H.) 
 
 Kellv(E.) 
 
 Keltie (J. S.) . 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 5, 26 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 47 
 
 22 
 
 43 
 
 5,47 
 
 2, 26 
 
 43 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 43,46 
 
 16,26 
 
 43 
 37 
 38 
 48 
 37 
 37 
 18 
 9 
 26 
 
 34 
 25 
 39 
 34 
 
 g 
 8,26 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 29 
 47 
 32 
 29 
 48 
 
 S 
 39 
 
 Kelvin (Lord). 11, 31, 33, 34 
 
54 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Kempe(A. B.) ... 33 
 
 Kennedy (Prof. A. B. W.) lo 
 Kennedy {B. H.) . . 46 
 Kennedy (P.) . . .22 
 Keynes (J* N.). 
 
 KlDD(B.) 
 KlEPERT (H.) . 
 
 Kimber(D. C.) 
 KiNG(F. H.) . 
 King (G.) . 
 
 KiNGSLEV (Charles) 5,10, 13, 14 
 16,18,22,23,26,27, 30,41,47,48 
 Kingslev(G.) . . . 38 
 KiNGSLEY (Henry) . 25, 47 
 Kipling (J. L.). . . 47 
 Kipling (Rudyard) .23, 27, 48 
 
 KlRKPATRlCK (Prof.) 38, 4} 
 
 Klein (Dr. E.), . 7, 29, 30 
 
 32. 36 
 ■ 37 
 . II 
 • 35 
 , I 
 13 
 
 Klein (F.) 
 
 . 
 
 2S 
 
 Knight (W.) 17, 
 
 28, 
 
 3'' 
 
 KuENEN (Prof. A.) . 
 
 
 38 
 
 Kynaston (Rev. H.) 
 
 43. 
 
 46 
 
 Labberton (R. H.) . 
 
 
 3 
 
 La Farge(J.) . 
 
 . 
 
 3 
 
 Lafargue (P,). 
 
 
 23 
 
 I4AMB. . . .5, 
 
 =6, 
 
 27 
 
 Lanciani (Prof. R.). 
 
 
 2 
 
 Landauer (J.). 
 
 
 3 
 
 Landor . 
 
 5. 
 
 26 
 
 Lane-Poole (S.) 
 
 fi. 
 
 -.6 
 
 Lanfrev (P.) . 
 
 
 6 
 
 Lang (Andrew) 15, 
 
 26, 
 
 46 
 
 Lang (Prof. Arnold). 
 
 
 49 
 
 Langley (J. N.) 
 
 
 34 
 
 Langmaid (T.). 
 
 
 10 
 
 Lankester (Prof. Ray) 
 
 7. 
 
 27 
 
 Lassar-Cohn (Dr.). 
 
 
 8 
 
 Laslett (T.) . 
 
 , 
 
 7 
 
 Laughton (J. K.) . 
 
 , 
 
 4 
 
 
 , 
 
 1.3 
 
 Lawrence (T. J.) . 
 
 , 
 
 15 
 
 Lawton (W. C.) . 
 
 , 
 
 27 
 
 Lea (A. S.) 
 
 . 
 
 3« 
 
 Leaf (W.) 
 
 17 
 
 46 
 
 Leahy (Sergeant) . 
 
 
 38 
 
 LEEfM.) . 
 
 , 
 
 23 
 
 Lee(S.) . 
 
 25 
 
 .6 
 
 Lees (C. H.) . 
 
 
 3: 
 
 Lee-Warner (W.) . 
 
 
 J3 
 
 Leeper (A.) 
 Legge (A. 6.) . 
 
 , 
 
 45 
 
 13 
 
 i3 
 
 Leibnitz . 
 
 
 36 
 
 Leslie (G. D.) . 
 
 
 27 
 
 Lethaby (W. R.) . 
 
 2 
 
 38 
 
 Leth BRIDGE (bir Roper) 5 
 
 "3 
 
 Levy (Amy) 
 
 
 23 
 
 Lewi (R.) 
 
 , 
 
 16 
 
 Lewkowitsch (J.) . 
 
 , 
 
 38 
 
 Lightfoot (iiishop) 
 
 
 
 5; 13, i<,, 40, 41 
 
 43 
 
 i44 
 
 Lightwood(J. M.) . 
 
 
 15 
 
 LiNDSAv(Dr. J. A.), 
 
 
 29 
 
 Littledale(H.) . 
 
 , 
 
 17 
 
 LockyerQ. N.) 3,8 
 
 34 
 
 38 
 
 LODEMAN (E. G.) . 
 
 
 10 
 
 Lodge (Prof. O.J.) 3 
 
 27 
 
 1 34 
 
 Lodge (R.) 
 
 
 5 
 
 Lowenson-Lessing (F.) , 
 
 II 
 
 Loewy(B.) 
 
 
 33 
 
 LoFTiE(Mrs. W.;.). 
 
 
 2 
 
 Longfellow (H. W.) 
 
 
 26 
 
 Lonsdale (J.) . 
 
 'S 
 
 ,46 
 
 Lover (S.). 
 
 
 23 
 
 LowE(W. H.). 
 
 3» 
 
 , 39 
 
 Lowell (J. R.). 15 
 
 18 
 
 1 27 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Loudon (W. J.) 
 Louis (H.) 
 
 LojBOCK(Sir J.)7, 10, II, 
 Lucas (F.) 
 Lucas (Joseph). 
 Lunt(J.). . , 
 LUPTON (S.) . . 
 LvALL (Sir Alfred) • 
 Lyde (L. W.) . 
 Lysaght (S. R.) 
 Lyte(H. C.M.) 
 Lyttelton (a. T.) . 
 Lyttelton (E.) 
 Lytton (Earl of) . 
 MacAlister (D.) . 
 Macarthur (M.) . 
 Macaulay ((J. C.) .20, 
 Macaulay (Lord) . 
 Maccoll (Norman), 
 McCurdy(J. F.) . 
 M'CosH (Dr. J.) 
 Macdonald (George) 
 Macdonald (G.) 
 MackailU. W.) . 
 MacKnight(J.) 
 Maclagan (Dr.T.). 
 Maclaren (Rev. Alex.) 
 Maclaren (Archibald) 
 Maclean (G. E.) . 
 Maclean (W.C.) . 
 Maclear (Rev. Dr.) 38, 
 McLennan (J. C.) . 
 M'Lennan (J. F.) . 
 M'Lennan (Malcolm) 
 Macmillan (Rev. H.) 
 Macmillan (Michael) 
 Macmillan (M. K.) 
 Macquoid (K. S.) . 
 Madoc (F.) 
 Magoire(J.F.) 
 MAHAPFv(Prof. J. p.) 
 
 2, 13, 16, 27, 32, 
 
 Maitland(F. W.) - 
 Malet (h.) 
 Malory (Sir T.) 
 Malthus(T. R.) . 
 Mansfield (C.B.) , 
 Marcou (J.) . 
 
 ■t AUKHAM (C. R.) . 
 
 Marr(J. E.) . 
 'VIarriott( f. A. R.). 
 Marryat (Capt.) 
 Marshall (Pro!. A.) 
 Marshall (H. R.) . 
 Martel (C.) . 
 Martin (Frances) . 
 Martin (Frederick). 
 Martin (H. N.) 
 Martineau (C. A ). 
 Martineau (H.) 
 Martineau (Dr. J.) 
 Mason (A. E. W.) . 
 Mason (O. T.). 
 Masson(D.) s, 18, 21 
 Masson (G.) . 
 Masson (R. O.) 
 Mathew(E. j.) 
 
 MATURIN(ReV. W.). 
 Maudsley (Dr. H.) . 
 Maurice (F. D.) 
 
 lo, 27, 33, ^8-40, 
 Maurice (Gen.F.) 5, 
 Max MOller(F.) . 
 Mayer (A.M.). 
 Mayo-Smith (R.) , 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 33 
 
 ■ 38 
 
 27, 50 
 
 . 18 
 
 • 47 
 
 . 9 
 
 . S 
 
 4 
 
 . II 
 
 ■ 23 
 
 • 13 
 
 . 44 
 
 . 27 
 
 . 23 
 
 • 21) 
 
 . 12 
 
 25, 46 
 
 • 27 
 
 . 17 
 
 • 44 
 
 32, :3 
 
 . 21 
 
 • 29 
 
 . 46 
 
 ■ 37 
 
 ■ 29 
 
 • 44 
 
 ■ 48 
 
 • 31 
 
 ■ 29 
 
 40,41 
 
 ■ 33 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 23 
 
 27. 44 
 
 6, 19 
 
 • 23 
 
 • 23 
 
 • 23 
 
 . 48 
 
 44. 47 
 
 15, 3(> 
 
 • 23 
 
 • 25 
 
 • 35 
 
 . 8 
 
 . 4 
 
 • 5 
 
 • 34 
 
 6 
 
 . 2T 
 
 • 36 
 
 • 3» 
 
 • 3° 
 
 4,48 
 
 • 36 
 
 • 49 
 
 • 34 
 
 . 6 
 
 . 6 
 
 ■ 23 
 
 I 
 
 .25.32 
 
 9. 25 
 
 ■ 33 
 
 4'. 44 
 30. 36 
 
 • 32 
 
 ■ 34 
 
 • 37 
 
 
 pagb 
 
 Mayor (J. B.) . 
 Mayok (Prof. J. E. B.) 
 
 40- 
 
 .3,6 
 
 Mazini (L.) . 
 
 . 49- 
 
 Meldola (Prof. R.). 8, 
 
 33. 34 
 
 Mendenhall (T. C.) 
 
 ■ 34 
 
 Menger (C.) . 
 
 • 3* 
 
 Menschutkin (A.) . 
 
 . i 
 
 Mercier (Dr. C.) . 
 
 . 29. 
 
 MERCUR(Prof. J.) . 
 
 • 3f 
 
 Meredith (C). 
 
 . 18 
 
 Meredith (L. A.) . 
 
 . 15 
 
 Meyer ^E. von) 
 
 . S 
 
 Mevrick(E.) . 
 
 . 30 
 
 Miall(L. C.) . 
 
 30, so- 
 
 MiCHELET (M.) 
 
 • IS 
 
 MlERS (H. A.) . 
 
 • 1+ 
 
 Mh.l(H.R.) . 
 
 . II 
 
 Miller (R. K.). 
 
 ■ 3 
 
 MlLLIGAN(ReV.W.). 
 
 40.44 
 
 Milton . 5, 16, 18, 
 
 25, 27 
 
 MiNTO (Prof. W.) . 
 
 5, 2J 
 
 MiTFORD (A. B.) . 
 
 10, 23 
 
 MiTFORD (M. R.) . 
 
 • IS 
 
 MivAET (St. George). 
 
 • 35 
 
 Mixter(W.G.) 
 
 . 8 
 
 MOLESWORTH (Mrs.) 
 
 . 49- 
 
 Mollov (G.) 
 
 • 33 
 
 MOLVNEUX (W. C, F.) 
 
 . 30- 
 
 MoNAHAN (j. H ) 
 
 • 15 
 
 MONTEFIOKE (C G.) 
 
 38,42 
 
 MONTELIUS (O.) 
 
 I 
 
 Moore(C.H.). 
 
 * 
 
 Moorhou.se (Bishop) 
 
 • 44- 
 
 MORIER (J.) 
 
 • 23 
 
 MORISON (J.C.) 
 
 ■ 5 
 
 MoRLEV (John), 4, 5, 
 
 20, 27 
 
 Morris (E. E ). 
 
 • S 
 
 Morris (Mowbray) . 
 
 4.25 
 
 Morris (R.) . 
 
 25. 3' 
 
 Morshead (E. D. A.) 
 
 . 46- 
 
 MOULTON (L. C ) 
 
 . i3 
 
 MOULTON (R. G.) . 
 
 ■ 38- 
 
 MUDIE (C. E.) . 
 
 . 18 
 
 MuiR(l.). 
 
 I 
 
 MuiR (M. M. P.) . 
 
 . S 
 
 MOller (H.) 
 
 . s- 
 
 MULLINGER(J. B.) . 
 
 . IJ 
 
 MUN (T.) . 
 
 • 35 
 
 MoNRO(J. E. C.) . 
 
 . 15 
 
 M0RPHY(J. J ). . 7,33.44 
 
 Murray ( O. Cbristie) 
 
 . 2% 
 
 Murray (G.) . 
 
 . g 
 
 Myers (E.; 
 
 18,46 
 
 Myers (t . W. H.) . 5 
 
 19.27 
 
 Mylne (Bishop) 
 
 • 44- 
 
 Nadal(E. S.). 
 
 . 27 
 
 NERNST(Dr.) . 
 
 8 
 
 Nettleship (H.). . 
 
 . i6- 
 
 Newcomb(S.) . 
 
 ■ 3 
 
 Newcastle (Duke and 
 
 Duchess) 
 
 a6- 
 
 Newman (G.) . 
 
 . 2»- 
 
 Newton (Sir C.T.). 
 
 2 
 
 NiCHOL (J.) . 
 
 4- 
 
 Nichols (E. L.) 
 
 • 33 
 
 NiCHOLLS (H. A. A.) 
 
 I 
 
 Nisbet a.) • 
 
 . 8 
 
 Noel (Lady A.) 
 
 ■ 2J. 
 
 NORDENSKTOLD (A. E.' 
 
 • 47 
 
 Norgate (Kate) 
 
 • '3 
 
 NORRIS (W. E.) 
 
 Norton (Charles Eh'ot 
 
 . 2^ 
 
 4, 4& 
 
 Norton (Hon. Mrs.) 
 
 19. 23 
 
 Norway (A. H.) . 
 
 • 31 
 
 Oliphant (T. L. K.) 
 
 27i 3r- 
 
PAGE 
 
 OuPHANT(Mrs. M. O. W.) 
 
 5, 13, i6, 23, 25, 49 
 Oliver (Prof. D.) 
 Oliver (Capt. S. P.) 
 Oman (C. W.) . 
 Orr (H. B.) . 
 OSBORN (H. F.) 
 OSTWALD (Prof.) 
 
 OttS (E. C.) . 
 
 J" AGE (T. E.) . 
 
 Palgravk (Sir F.) 
 Palgrave (F. T.) 
 
 3. 191 21, 2S 
 
 3. -^1 —I -i.36, 42,49 
 Palgrave (R. H. Inglis) . 35 
 ~ •— ~ ■ 19, 37, '47 
 
 • 23 
 7. 49 
 . 6 
 
 • 49 
 6 
 
 I3> 37 
 
 • 34 
 13.47 
 . 23 
 . 15 
 
 Palgrave (W. G.) 
 Palmer (Lady S.) 
 Parker (T. J.). 
 Parker (W. K.) 
 Parker (W. N.) 
 Parkes (Sir H.) 
 Parkin (G. R. ) 
 Parkinson (S.) 
 Parkman (F.) . 
 Parry (G.) 
 Parsons (Alfred) 
 Pasteur (L.) . . . - 
 Pater ("W.) . 3, 16, 23, 27 
 Paterson (A.) . . . 23 
 Paterson (a. B.) . , ig 
 Paterson (J.) . . .16 
 Patmore (Coventry) 25, 49 
 Patteson (J. C) . . 6 
 Pattison (Mark) . 5, 6, 44 
 Paulsen (F.) . . .10 
 Payne (E. J.) . . 12, 36 
 Peabody (C. H.) . 10, 34 
 Peacock (T. L.j . . 23 
 Pearson (C. H.) . . 37 
 Pease (A. E.) . . . 14 
 Peel (E.) . . . .19 
 Peile(J.). . , .31 
 Fellissier (E.) . . 32 
 Pennell(J.) ... 3 
 Pennington (R.) . . 11 
 Penrose (F. C.) 
 Percival (H. M.) , 18,19 
 Perkins (J. B.) . . 13 
 Peterson (W.) . . 46 
 Pettigrew (J. B.) . 8, 35, 49 
 Phillimore ( T. G.) 
 Phillips (F. E.) . . 23 
 Phillips (J. A.) , . 30 
 Phillips (W. C.) . . 3 
 Picton (J. A.) . . .27 
 PiFFARD (H. G.) . . 29 
 Pike (L. O.) . . . 13 
 Pike (W.). ... 47 
 Playfair (W. S.) . . 28 
 Plato . . .26, 46 
 Plumftrb (Dean) . . 44 
 Pollard (A. W.) . 16, 17, 46 
 Pollock (Sir F., Bart.) 
 
 6, 16, 27, 36, 37 
 Pollock (Lady) . . 2 
 Poole (M. E.) . . . 27 
 Poole (R.L.) ... 13 
 Pope . . . . S, 25, 27 
 PosTE(E.) . . 34,46 
 Potter (L.) . . .27 
 Potter (R.) . . .44 
 Potts (W.) ... 28 
 Preston (T.) . , .34 
 
 Prestwich (J.). 
 Price (E. C.) . 
 Price (L.L.F.R.) 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Prickard (a. O.) . 
 Prince Albert Victor 
 Prince George . 
 Procter (F.) . 
 Propert (J. L.) 
 Prowse (D. W.) . 
 Purcell(E. S.) 
 Quesnav(F.) . 
 Rabbeno (U.) . 
 Rae(J.) . . . 
 Ramsay (Sir A. C.) . 
 Ramsay (W.) . 
 Ransome (C.) . 
 Rathbone (W.) 
 Ratzel (F.) . 
 Rawlinson (W. G.). 
 Rawnsley (H. D.) . 
 Ray (P. K.) 
 Rayleigh (Lord) 
 Reichel (Bishop) . 
 Reid (J. S.) . 
 Remsen (I.) . 
 Renan (E.) 
 
 RENDALL(ReV. F.) . 
 
 Reynolds (E. S.) . 
 Reynolds (H. R.) . 
 Reynolds (Sir J. R.) 
 Reynolds (O.) 
 Rhoades(J.) . 
 Rhodes U- F-)- 
 
 RiCARDO . 
 
 Richardson (B. W.) 
 Richey(A. G.). 
 
 RiGHTON (E.) . 
 
 Ritchie (A.) . 
 Robb(R.). 
 
 Robinson (Preb. H. G.) 
 Robinson (J. L.) 
 Robinson (Matthew) 
 
 ROCKSTRO (W. S.) . 
 
 Rogers (J. E. T.) . 
 Romanes {G. J.) 
 RoscOE (Sir H. E.) . 
 RoscoE (W. C.) 
 RosEBERV (Earl oQ . 
 Rosenbusch (H.) . 
 
 ROSEVEAR (E.). 
 
 Ross (P.) . 
 
 ROSSETTI (C. G.) 
 
 Rothschild (F.) , 
 routledge (j.) 
 Rowe(F.J.) . 
 Rov (Neil) 
 ROCKER (Prof. A. W.) 
 
 RUMFORD (Count) , 
 
 Rushbrooke (W. G.) 
 Russell fDean) 
 Russell (Sir Charles) 
 Russell (W. Clark) . 
 Russell (T.) . 
 Rutherford (W. G.) 
 Ryland (F.) . 
 RYLE(Prof. H. E.) . 
 Sadler (H.) . 
 
 Saintsbury (G.) 
 Salmon (Rev. G.) . 
 Salt (H. S.) . 
 Sandford (Bishop) . 
 Sandford (M. E.) . 
 Sandys (J. E.). 
 Sayce(A. H.) . 
 Scaife(W. B.). 
 
 SCARTAZZINI (G. A.) 
 
 Schliemann (Dr.) . 
 Schmoller (G.) , 
 
 PAGE 1 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 36 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 IS 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 3^ 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 13 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 14 
 
 29 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 10 
 
 . 
 
 44 
 
 
 3' 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 37 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 8,9 
 19 
 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 
 ZI 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 23 
 
 19 
 
 49 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 '3 
 
 
 3< 
 
 38, 46 1 
 
 
 ,6 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 It) 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 35 
 
 ss 
 
 PAGB 
 SCHORLBMMBR (C.) . . 8, Q 
 
 SCHREIBER (T.)- • • * 
 
 SCHUCHHAPDT (C.) . . a 
 
 SCHULTZ(Dr. G.) . . 9 
 
 Schuster (A.) . . - 33 
 Scott (M.) . , .23 
 Scott (Sir W.) . . 19, 23 
 SCRATCHLEV (Sir Peter) . 30 
 ScuDDER (S. H.) . . so 
 Seaton (Dr. E. C.) . . 29 
 Seebohm (H. E.) . . I 
 Seelev (Sir J. R.) .13, 37> 44 
 Seiler (Dr. Carl) . 29, 35 
 SELBORNEi'EarloOSi ^5) 4O) 42 
 Seligman (E.) . . .36 
 Sellers (E.) ... 2 
 Service (J.) 
 Sewell{E. M.) 
 Shadwell(C. L.) 
 Shairp (J.C.) 
 Shakespeare 
 Shann (G.) 
 Sharp (W.) 
 Shaw (Miss) 
 Sheldon (W. L.) 
 Shelley . 
 Shipton (Helen) , 
 "^HIRLEV (W. N.) . 
 
 Shore (L. E.) . 
 Shorthouse {J. H.) 
 Shortland 1 Admiral) 
 Shuckburgh 'E. S.) 
 Shofeldt (R. W.) . 
 SiBsON (Dr. F.) 
 
 SiDGWICK (A.) . 
 
 SiDGWiCK I Prof. H.) 32, 36, 37 
 
 SiME (J.) . . .II, 12 
 
 Simpson (Rev. W.) . . 40 
 
 Skeat (W W.) 
 
 Skrine (J. H.). 
 
 Slade (J. H.) . 
 
 Sleeman (L.) . , 
 
 Sloman (Rev. a.) , 
 
 Smart (W. ) 
 
 Sm alley (G. W.) . 
 
 Smftham (J. andS.) 
 
 Smith (Adam) . 3, (5 
 
 Smith (Alexander) . 
 
 Smith fC. V ■ 
 
 Smith (F. Hopkinson) 
 
 Smith (Gnrtiet). 
 
 Smith (Goldwin) 
 
 4, 6, 14, 21, 28, 37, 45, 47 
 
 41 1 44 
 . 13 
 . 46 
 '4, 19 
 17, 19, 25, 26 
 
 lOi 34 
 . 6 
 
 • 14 
 
 • 32 
 19, 26 
 
 • 23 
 
 ■ 44 
 
 • 34 
 23. 24 
 
 • 31 
 14,46 
 
 ■ 49 
 . 29 
 
 • 17 
 6, 19 
 
 . lO 
 
 . 47 
 
 : P 
 
 6, 28 
 . 6 
 35. 36 
 i7» 25 
 
 • 19 
 . 24 
 
 . 24 
 
 Smith (H.) . . . ig 
 Smith (J.) ... 8 
 Smith (Rev.T.) . . 44 
 Smith (W O.) ... 8 
 Smith (L. Pearsall) . . 24 
 Sohm (R.). . . ,40 
 
 SOMERVILLE (Prof. W.) . 7 
 ■^nUTHFY . . . 6, 26 
 
 Spanton (J.) ... 3 
 -^pender (j. k.) . . 29 
 Spenser . , . 19, 25 
 
 SPOTTISWOnPK (W.). . 34 
 
 St. Asaph (Ri.shop of) . 40 
 St. Johnston (A.) .23, 47, 49 
 Stanley (Dean) . . 44 
 Stanley (Hon. Maude) . 37 
 Statham (R.) . . .37 
 Stebbing (W.). . . 4 
 Steel (F. A.) . , 15, 24 
 Stephen (C E.) . 9 
 
 Stephen (H.) . . .16 
 Stephen (Sir J. F.) 14, 16, aS 
 
56 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 6 
 
 5 
 19 
 
 5 
 i6 
 
 6 
 
 Stephen (J. K.) 
 Stephen (L.) 
 Stbphens (J.B.) 
 Stephens (W. R. W.) 
 Stevens (C. E.) 
 Stevenson (,¥. S.) . 
 Stevenson tj. J.J . 
 Stewart (A.) . 
 Stewart (Baltour) 33, 
 Stokes (Sir G. G.) . 
 Story (R.H.) . 
 Stone (W.H.). 
 Strachey (Sir E.) . 
 SteacheyQ. St. L.) 
 Strachey (Gen. R. ) . 
 
 STRANGFORD(VisCOUntess) 
 
 Strettell (a.) 
 Stubbs (Dean) . 
 Stubbs (Bishop) 
 Sutherland (A.) , 
 SWAINSON (H.). 
 Swete (Prof. H. B.). 
 Swift (Dean) . 
 Symonds (J. A.) 
 Symonds (Mrs. J. A.) 
 Symons (a.) 
 Taggart (W. S.) . 
 Tainsh(E. C). 
 Tait (Archbishop) . 
 Tait (C. W. A.) 
 Tait (Prof. P. G.) ■■ 
 [Tanner (H.) . 
 Tarr(R. S.) . 
 [Tavernier (J. B.) . 
 Taylor (E. R.). 
 Taylor (Franklin) . 
 Taylor (Isaac). 
 Taylor (Sedley) 
 Tegetmeier (W. B.) 
 Temple (Bishop) 
 Temple (Sir R.) 
 Tenn ant (Dorothy) . 
 Tenniel (Sir John) . . 48 
 Tennyson (Lord) 17, 19, 20, 26 
 Tennyson (Frederick) ^n 
 
 Tennyson (Lord H.) 
 Theodoli (Marchesa) 
 Thompson (D' A. ^/.) 
 Thompson (E.). 
 Thompson (H. M.) . 
 
 49 
 34< 45 
 34 
 4 
 34 
 25 
 37 
 II 
 47 
 19 
 45 
 
 39 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 19 
 38 
 17 
 45 
 14 
 34, 45 
 
 1 
 34 
 47 
 
 3 
 30 
 32, 45 
 301 34 
 
 9 
 45 
 
 4 
 
 IS, 49 
 
 24 
 
 Thompson (S. P.) 
 Thomson (A. W.) . 
 Thomson (Sir C. W.) 
 Thomson (Hugh) 
 Thoreau . 
 Thorne (Dr. Thorne) 
 Thornton (J.). 
 Thornton (W. T.) 
 Thorpe (T. E.). 
 Thring (E.) . 
 Thropp (J- F.) . 
 Thursfield (J. R.) . 
 Todhunter (L) 
 
 TOERENS (W. M.) . 
 ToURGdNIEP (I. S.) . 
 
 Tout(T.F.) . 
 TozER(H. F.) . 
 Traill (H. D.). 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 14 
 
 2S 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 32, 37, 46 
 
 6, 9 
 
 10, 28 
 
 33 
 
 '4 
 
 5, 14 
 
 . II 
 
 4. S, 36 
 
 PAGE 
 37 
 
 Trench (Capt. F.) . 
 Trench (Archbibhop) 
 Tkevelyan (Sir G. O.) 
 Trevor (G. H.) 
 
 i'RlBE (A.). 
 
 Tristram (W. O.) . 
 Trollope (A.) . 
 Truman (J.) . 
 Tucker (T. G.) 
 tuckwell (w.) 
 Tofts (J. H.) . 
 Tulloch (Principal). 
 Turner (C. Tennysoij) 
 Turner (G.) . 
 Turner (H. H.) 
 Turner (J. M. W.) . 
 Turpin(G S.). 
 TyLOK(E. B.) . 
 Tyewhitt (R. St. J.) 
 Tyrrell (R. Y.) . 
 Vaughan(C. J.) 39, 40, ,., ,j 
 Vaughan (Rev. D.J.J 26,28,45 
 Vaughan (Rev. E. T.) . 45 
 Vaughan (Rev. R.) . . 45 
 Veley (M.) . . .24 
 Venn (Rev. J.). . 33,45 
 Vernon (Hon. W. W.) . 17 
 Verrall (A. W.) . 17,46 
 Vekrall (Mrs.) . . 2 
 
 ViCKERMAN (C.) . . 38 
 
 Victor (H.) . . .24 
 Vines (S.H.) ... 8 
 Viollet-Le-Doc (E. E.). 10 
 Wain (Louis) 
 
 [4, 28 
 
 34 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 20 
 
 16, 28 
 
 45 
 
 Waldstein (C.) 
 (Prof. F. 
 
 (JL,., 
 
 Walker (Louisa) 
 
 Waiker (Prof. 1 
 Walker (Jas.) 
 
 A.) 
 
 38 
 36 
 
 ■ 37 
 
 • 36 
 
 • IS 
 16, 25 
 
 ■ 7,8 
 
 Wallace (A. R.) . 7, 30, 
 Wallace (Sir D. M.) 
 Walpole(S.) . 
 Walton (I.) 
 Ward (A. W.) . 4, 5 
 Ward (H. M.) . 
 Waed(S.). ... 20 
 Ward(T. H.) ... 21 
 Ward (Mrs. T. H.) . 24, 49 
 Ward (W.) . . 6, 28, 41 
 Ware (W. R.) . . .3 
 Waters (C. A.) . . 35 
 Waterton (Cliarles) 30, 47 
 Watson (E.) ... 6 
 Watson (R.S.) . . 47 
 Watson (W.) ■ . ao, 25 
 Way (A. S.) . . . 46 
 Webb (W. T.) . . 18, 20 
 Webster (Mrs. A.) . 20, 49 
 Weisbach (J.) . . 10 
 
 Welby-Gregory (Lady) , 4 1 
 Welldon (Rev. J. E. 045,46 
 West (M.) . .24 
 
 WESTC0TT(Bp.)38,39,4o,4i,45 
 Westermarck (E.), . I 
 Wetherell (j.) . , 32 
 Wheeler (I. T.) . . 14 
 Whewell(W.). . . 6 
 Whitcomb (L. S.) , 3» 16 
 White (A.) . , ,28 
 
 ■ ■ page. 
 
 White (Gilbert) • 'S, 3' 
 White (Dr. W.Hale) ■ »S" 
 White (W.) • ■ ' ^T 
 Whitney (W. D.) • ■, ^ 
 ^■' ^ ^ 20, ao, 28 
 45 
 
 . 4S 
 36, 18 
 35,49- 
 
 . 36- 
 41 
 
 Whittier (J. G.) 
 Whittuck (C. A.) • 
 Wickham (Kev. E. C.) 
 
 WiCKSTEED (P. H.) . 
 WiEDERSHElM (R.) . 
 
 WiESER (F. von) 
 
 WiLBRAHAM (F. M.). 
 WiLKINS (Prof. A. S.) 2, 16, 45 
 Wilkinson (S.) • ■ 3o 
 
 WILLEV(A.) ... 7 
 
 Williams (C. M.) . . 32- 
 
 Williams (C. T.) . • "0 
 
 Williams (G. H.) . • i» 
 
 Williams (H.). . 14, 31' 
 
 Williams (Montagu) 6, 
 
 Williams (S. E.) . '6 
 
 Williamson (M. B.) . 4S 
 
 Willink (A.) . , . 45 
 
 Willoughby (E. F.) . I* 
 
 WlLLOUGHBY (F.) . . 4^ 
 
 Willoughby (W. W.) . 36 
 Wills (W. G.) . . . 20 
 Wilson (A. J.) . . .36 
 Wilson (Sir C.) . . 4.I 
 Wilson (Sir D.) . 1, 4, 17 
 Wilson (E. B.). . . 50 
 Wilson (Dr. G.) . 5, 6, 28 
 Wilson (Archdeacon) . 45 
 Wilson (Mary). . . i6- 
 Winch (R.F.) . . 27 
 
 Winchester (Bishop oQ. £■ 
 Windelband (W.) . . 32 
 WiNGATE (Major F. R.) , 30 
 
 WiNKWORTH (C.) 
 
 Winkworth (S.) . 
 Winter (W.) . 
 WoLSELEY(Gen.Viscoui ) 
 Wood (A. G.) . 
 Wood (C. J.) . 
 Wood (Rev. E.G.) . 
 Woods (Rev. F.H.). 
 Woods (Miss M. A.), 
 Woodward (C. M.) . . 10 
 Woolner(T.) ... 20 
 Wordsworth 4, 6, 17, 20, 26, 2S 
 Worthey (Mrs.) . . gj 
 Wright (Rev. A.) 
 Wright (Miss G.) 
 Wright (J.) 
 Wright (L.) . 
 Wright (M. O.) 
 Wright (W.A.) 
 Wulker (Dr.) . 
 Wurtz (Ad.) . ■ 
 Wyatt (SirM.D.) " 
 Yeo(J.) . . •". • ; 
 YoE (Shway) . ^. 
 
 Yonge(C.M.)6,8,9,"i2,i3,4 
 
 24, 26, 28. ^2 ^ft J 
 VOUNG (E. W.) ' ^ ' ^"^ * 
 
 Younghusband(G. j. and 
 F. E.) 
 
 • 4S 
 i4i4S 
 
 3'i 
 
 .■28.fi 
 
 ZlEGLER {Dr. E.) 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd., LONDON. 
 
 «o/5o/7/96 
 
 J. PALMBR, PRINTER, ALEXANDRA STRSBT, CAMBRIDGB. 
 
Cornell University Ltbrary 
 PR 5162.M6 1897 
 
 The misfortunes of Eiphin and Rhododapfin 
 
 3 1924 013 534 155 
 
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