CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library F 782G9 G97 + Gunnison County Colorado: the majestic 3 1924 028 878 845 olin Overs DATE DUE ^^^' ^ /M ^.dfliPi^H m0^ W^ " '" i\ sHSSjl pOf I] CAVLORD PR1NTED1NU.S A. 'IK Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028878845 COLORADO. GUNNISON COUNTY COLORADO THE MAJESTIC EMPIRE OF THE WESTERN SLOPE WHAT IT IS AND THOSE WHO HAVE MADE IT THE COUNTY ITS MEN AND WOMEN ITS CLIMATE AND MAGNIFICENT SCENERY ITS MINES. RANCHES AND VARIOUS ENTERPRISES ITS PAST PROGRESS AND RAPIDLY INCREASING PROSPERITY ITS WONDERFUL RESOURCES AND POSSIBILITIES ITS UNDEVELOPED MOUNTAINS OF WEALTH ITS STREAMS, FIELDS AND FORESTS ITS PROMISING FUTURE PUBLISHED BY A. P. NELSON, MINING, PITKIN, GUNNISON COUNTY. eOLORADO IMPRINT' THE UNION PRTQ. & PUB. CO., DENVER BOOST Boost your city, boost your friend, Boost the lodge that you attend, Boost the town in which you're dwelling Boost the goods that you are selling, Boost the people round about you. They can get along without you. But success will quicker find them. If they know that you're behind them. Boost for every forward movement. Boost for every new improvement, Boost the man for whom you labor, Boost the stranger and the neighbor. Cease to be a chronic knocker. Cease to be a progress blocker; If you'd make your county better. Boost it to the final letter. C. W. WINSLOW H. C. BARTLETT W. W. McKEE Presideal Vice-President Cashier The Gunnison Bank Trust Go. Capital, $50,000.00 Surplus, $6,000.00 TRANSACTS A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO COLLECTIONS ACTS IN ALL TRUST CAPACITIES INQUIRIES CHEERFULLY ANSWERED Gunnison, - Golorado ■■■■ .^/ LaVeta Hotel GUNNISON, COLO. LEADING HOSTELRY ON WESTERN SLOPE THE OVER. SUNDAY HEADQUARTERS FOR DRUMMERS AND OTHER TRAVELERS IT'S A PRIVILEGE AND PLEASURE to live in GUNNISON, COLORADO where we have perpetual sunshine, pure air and water LaVeta Hotel GIVES EACH GUEST A FREE MEAL OR ROOM every day the sun fails to shine in GUNNISON WE HAD SUNSHINE IN GUNNISON, COLO. Every day in 1912 Every day in 1913 excepi Dec. 4lh Every day in 1914 except Dec. I8lh Every day in 1915 1916??? I( you feel like making a bet on the proposition do not fail to call on J. H. HOWLAND Proprietor The First National Bank Established 1882 GUNNISON, COLORADO Member of the Federal Reserve Bank Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits, $100,000.00 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS S. p. SPENCER, President A. HARTM AN, Vice-President JOHN A. STEELE, Vice-President J. J. MILLER, Cashier GUY M. ROSE, Assistant Cashier WILLIAM SNYDER, Director H. M. WEBSTER, Director This Bank solicits your business. Every effort is made by courteous personal attention to give our cus- tomers prompt and effcient service The Boulevard Grocery New Store New Stock Low Prices Cor. Boulevard and Tomichi Ave, Two Blocks North of the LaVeta Hotel The Choicest in Fruits and Groceries The tourist and traveler can here find anything and everything de- sired for the picnic, camping or fishing trip. Prompt auto delivery in the city. I desire your patronage and will aim to please you. C, G. ANDERSON GUNNISON COLORADO THE ELK HORN MEAT MARKET Established 1880 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Choice Beeft Vealt Mutton and Salt^ Meats WHITE ELK LARD We do our own Slaughtering and Curing Delicious Home-Made Sausages C. L. STONE, Proprietor GUNNISON, COLORADO E. E. MUELLER THE = LEADING JEWELER Established 1881 A fine line of Watches and Jewelry at prices that are right can al- ways he found at this store. Watch and Jewelry Repairing GUNNISON COLORADO '8 THE STORE WITH THE BIG STOCK Diy fioons and Free Parcel Post Delivery on all Mail Orders. Telephone 56-W GUNNISON - COLORADO McNEIL'S : andy itchen MAKERS OF FINE CONFECTIONS Wholesale and Retail Our Soda Fountain service is the hest on the Western Slope. The Tourist's Resting Place. GUNNISON, COLO. iCtmmona $c Wm MILLINERY AND ART NEEDLEWORK Olunttt00n. (Holorahn THE LEADING MILLINERY STORE Seasonable flBilliner? Ladies' Ready-to-Wear Garments, Suits, Coats, Dresses, Shirt Waists, Corsets. La N. ROGERS Rogers Building, Adjoining First National Bank GUNNISON, COLO. GEORGE BERG Cigar Manufacturer and Retailer GUNNISON, COLORADO NORMAL BOOK STORE MAGAZINES, BOOKS, STATIONERY. EASTMAN KODAKS AND SUPPLIES. COLUMBIA GRAPONOLAS AND DOUBLE DISC RECORDS. CENTURY EDITION 10-CENT MUSIC. PENNANTS, CANDY, CIGARS. POST CARDS. •GUNNISON COLORADO The Endner Lumber Co* Everything for a Building Gunnison, Colorado The Canaday Drug Store Complete Line of Drugs and Druggist's Sundries. TOILET ARTICLES. FANCY STATIONERY. Candies Cigars and Smokers' Supplies ICE CREAM AND SODA. FOUNTAIN PENS. CUTLERY. FISHING TACKLE. THE HOME OP THE NYAL REMEDIES. Prescriptions Accurately Compounded. DR. J. D. WALKER, Proprietor Phone 11 GUNNISON, COLORADO Good Things to Eat Hunt Bros. Canned Fruits Flag Brand Canned Vegetables Heinze's 57 Varieties ' The Best in Groceries Choicest of Fresh and Salt Meats SUNVILLE CO.'S BREAD AND CAKES FRESH DAILY. HAY, GRAIN AND FLOUR. F. R. Williams Mercantile Company GUNNISON COLORADO Boots Shoes Hats Gloves and Clothing For the Miner Ranchman and Cowboy General Out- filter to Men and Boys H. H. FOGG GUNNISON COLORADO Jos. Blackstock General Merchandise Miners* and Cowboys* BOOTS RUBBER BOOTS FOR MINERS AND FISHERMEN. SLICKERS, RUBBER COATS, CORDUROY AND KHAKI SUITS. Complete Line ol MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, STETSON HATS. GUNNISON COLORADO George L. Miller Furniture, Rugs and Linoleums EMBALMER AND FUNERAL DIRECTOR Auto Service MODERN AND REASONABLE Business Phone 25 J House Phone 99 W GUNNISON COLORADO We handle COT FLOWERS Agenti for Park Floral Co. Denver 1896-1916 O'LEARY'S MAIL ORDER EdiioB Phonographi and Edison Diamond Disk Records r\EPENDABLE Drugs is '-^ the motto of T. O'Leary for all articles purchased at the well known establishment conducted by him. O'Leary's hobby is prescriptions, and all work in this department is handled by expert registered druggists AND LEADING PRESCRIPTION DRUG STORE GUNNISON, COLORADO We Wholesale Ice Cream Drags and Cigars 1896-1916 Meritol San-Tox and A. D. S. Agencies Adams Furniture Store Clarence Adams Proprietor Furniture, Carpets, Rugs, Artsquares, Rug Fillings and Linoleums; Queensware, Graniteware and Tinware; Baby Carriages and Walkers; Pictures Framed. CASKETS AND BURIAL SUPPLIES. FUNERALS CAREFULLY ARRANGED. GUNNISON, COLORADO. EDWARD MILLER, Proprietor CLEANING, I^RESSING AND DYEING SPECIAL ATTENTION TO MAIL ORDERS LADIES' WORK A SPECIALTY GUNNISON, COLORADO. W. S. DITTO Dealer in Groceries Fruits and Candies Provisions and Supplies Gunnison, Colorado Gunnison Steam Laundry Phone 53 W P. C. BOYLES, Proprietor A Home Institution with Pay Roll GUNNISON, COLORADO. B. M. couuirvs Grocer One of the largest and best=equipped stores on the Western Slope Baker Staple and Fancy Groceries, Flour, Hay and Grain GUNNISON, COLORADO WM. strunk: Boots and Shoes, Hats, Gaps and Qloves Gents' Furnishing Goods Arch Supports and Foot-Eazer. Shoes bought here, rips sewed free of charge. Repairing with neatness and dispatch. GUNNISON, COLORADO. U. WEINBERGER Pishing Tackle That's Fit for Fishing Sporting Goods, Guns and Ammunition Cigars, Tobaccos and 5molf*»'^'*k#^'*u*k4'u*ww««'«>n< 1 JW ND, therefore, it came to pass, when the seven fat years had been fulfilled, that there arose / m. those among the people who cried with on2 voice: "Behold, the years of famine and dark- ness are upon us." 2 7\ ND straightway they did crawl into dark caves, and pulled the 'A caves in after them, and did shut out the sunlight. 3 TJ ND THEY lamented with many lamentations, saying: "The years / » of darkness have come and the sun hides his face from the chil- dren of men." 4~T~HEN came others who were wise in that generation, and did beat upon the stones that were I rolled before those caves wherein the calamity howlers howled, and cried unto them to come forth, saying: "Behold the sun still shines, and the face of Nature is fair to see, and thy crops ripen fast unto the harvest, and shall another reap in thy fields where thou has sown?" 5 b:^ UT the dwellers in darkness cried to get them hence, saying : U "Know ye not that darkness is upon the land and we cannot see ; nay, verily, even the hands before our eyes ? 5 ■—■ ERE now will we bide, for we have a little provision, but enough H I only to suffice for our own needs during the dark days, and when we behold the sun again, then shall we come forth and till the fields, but not yet, nor soon." 7 TW ND those who were without held counsel tojether, saying: "None are so blind as those who / % will not see, and wherefore shall we not gather to purselves the ripe grain of these our sight- less brethren which lies ready to our sickles? Th;n shall we have all our own and twofold more, and when these howlers of the caves are hungered, lo, we will jar loose from them many shekels for that which was their own and they would not take. And it shall come to pass that we shall wax fat and our sons shall wax strong upon the land." AND IT WAS EVEN SO ! ©ut Mbere the liOest Begins By Arthur Chapman OUT where the handclasp's a little stronger, Out where a smile dwells a little longer, That's where the West begins. Out where the sun is a little brighter. Where the snows that fall are a trifle whiter, Where the bonds of home are a wee bit tighter. That's where the West begins. OUT where the skies' are a trifle bluer. Out where friendship's a little truer. That's where the West begins. Out where a fresher breeze is blowing. Where there's laughter in every streamlet flowing. Where there's more of reaping and less of sowing, That's where the West begins. OUT where the world is in the making. Where fewer hearts with despair are aching, That's where the West begins. Where there's more of singing and less of sighing. Where there's more of giving and less of buying. And a man makes friends without half trying, That's where the .West begins. XTbe mnest By Douglass Malloch MEN LOOK to the East for the dawning things, for the light of a rising sun. But they look to the West, to the crimson West, for the things that are done, are done. The eastward sun is a new-made hope from the dark of the night distilled. But the westward sun is a sunset sun, is the sun of a hope fulfilled. So out of the East they have always come, the cradle that saw the birth Of all of the heart-warm hopes of man and all of the hopes of earth— ^ For out of the East arose a Christ and out of the East has gleamed The dearest dream and the clearest dream that ever a prophet dreamed. And into the waiting West they go with the dream-child of the East, And find the hopes that they hoped of eld are a hundred- fold increased. For there in the East we dreamed our dreams of the things we hoped to do. And here in the West, the crimson West, the dreams of the East come true. Gunnison, Colorado HE TOWN OP GUNNISON is located on what is known ■as the "Western Slope" of Colorado; by rail 290.3 miles west of Denver and 161.9 east of Grand Junction. The town lies in a broad fertile valley, just above the con- fluence of the Grunnison River and Tomichi Creek and is an ideal location for a town. The town dates its legal existencefrom the spring of 1880; is situated at an altitude of 7,680 feet, and has a population of 1,586 by a recent canvass. Gunnison is the county seat of one of the largest and most prosperous coimties in the State, whose natural resources are more diversified than any other territory of equal size in the world. For the INVESTOR we have unexcelled opportunities in ranch- ing, cattle and sheep raising, minerals of practically every know vari- ety, coal and timber. For the HOME-BUILDER schools equal to >ain.j in the State, with the advantage of the State Normal, excelled by none, with churches of nearly every denomination, numerous lodges and frater- nal organizations, a healthful climate and good business opportunities. For the BUSINESS and PROFESSIONAL MAN, an up to date town, with a large territory lying tributary to it affording opportuni- ties in nearly every Kne of business, with good prices, fair competi- tion, prompt pa5anent of current indebtedness and a chance for profits on the investment made. For the TOURIST and HEALTH SEEKER, the finest scenery in the world, the best roads, the finest trout fishing, and the most healthful air and water. The assessed valuation of Gunnison is $1,081,478.00; it owns its own light and water plant, has miles of cement walks, two reliable banks, stores, garages, and repair shops. The town and county are .growing steadily in wealth and population. IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR A LOCATION WRITE FOR MORE DETAILED INFORMATION. The Gunnison Chamber of Commerce E. M. NOURSE, President H. H. FOGG, Secretary Gunnison, Colorado Gunnison County— Its Officials and Business Management By Clifford H. Stone. GUNNISON COUNTY is the pioneer county of Western Colorado, for it at one time ex- tended to the western boundary of the State and had within its borders the territory which now is included in a number of the western slope coun- ties. It was the Gunnison country that first at- tracted the early settlers who came here in great numbers because of the mining excitement when JOHN F. PEARSON, state Senator. gold was first discovered on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The county was organized during the winter of 1877 by an act of the legislature and a full board of officers was appointed by Governor Routt. The board of county commissioners were Lyman Cheeny and W. W. Outcalt; county judge, David Smith; county clerk, S. B. Harvey; sheriff, George Yule; treasurer, J. P. Kelley ; surveyor, S. Richardson. The county is one of the largest in the state at the present time, containing 3,000 square miles of territory. The eastern line runs along the great continental range for about seventy miles, and thence the county extends westward for distances varying from forty to sixty miles to the eastern line of Delta and Montrose counties. To the north the county extends to the line of Pitkin County, and to the south to the line of Saguache and Hinsdale. Between the chains of hills which traverse the county are many broad fertile valleys, and this ter- ritory comprises rich agricultural and mineral land. The present valuation as determined from the assessor's record is $14,495,177. The county was named in honor of Captain J. W. Gunnison who made the earliest exploration expedi- tion through the county in 1853. The primary pur- pose of Captain Gunnison's expedition was to sur- vey a route to the Mormon settlement in the Salt Lake Valley. He proceeded through the Gunnison Valley and as far westward as the Sevier River, where he met his death, a victim of the savagery of the Indians. The county seat is at Gunnison, now a prosperous town of 1,700 people. The courthouse, jail, and one other building are located on the courthouse square, in the central part of the town. The pres- W. SCOTT HUMASON, Representative. ent officials who occupy the various county offices are: W. H. Whalen, Elmer Wiley, and W. A. Gillaspey, county commissioners ; Clifford H. Stone, county judge; Roy S. Lobdell, county clerk and recorder ; E. G. Palmer, treasurer ; Pat Hanlon, Sheriff; Luella Johnson, county superintendent of schools ; W. T. Hartman, assessor ; J. H. Robinson, GUNNISON COUNTY ROY S. LOBDBLL, County Clerk and Recorder, '^fS CLIFFORD H. STONE, County Judge. E. G. PALMER, County Treasurer. ^ W. T. HARTMAN, County Assessor. LUELLA JOHNSON, County Superintendent of Schools OFFICIALS AND MANAGEMENT 2.'? surveyor; George L. Miller, coroner; James B. Nash, county attorney, and J. D. Walker, county physician. The county is in the seventh judicial district, and Thos. W. Estes is the clerk of the dis- trict court for Gunnison County. The judge of the district court is Thos. J. Black ; William Weiser is district attorney and George Hetherington deputy district attorney for Gunnison County. On account of the large area the county covers, and the mountainous region, it comprises, the road work is one of the most, perplexing and costly parts of the management of the county. This work is under direct supervision of the county commission- ers and a large part of the revenue of the county is expended in constructing and keeping in repairs the various main roads, as well as assisting in building and maintaining passable roads to the vari- ous mines and mining districts, and as every year new mines are opened up in different parts of the county the road work is a far more difficult task than is the case in most every other county of the state. One of the most momentous and important of the road work in the entire history of the county was the construction of the "Rainbow Route," same being a part of the National Auto Road System, which just the past year was completed and tourists proclaim this county to possess some of the finest and most scenic roads to be found anywhere in the country. The commissioners also have supervision of the distribution of all other finances of the county and their duties and responsibilities are far in excess of the remuneration they receive. The duties of the other county officers are more definitely specified by the laws and are similar to, those usually pertaining to the respective offices in other communities, al- though by reason of required economy some of the officers perform a double function. On account of a large number of the mining properties being held by persons residing in other states a great deal of correspondence is re- quired and endless requests for information are received by the different county officers, but they are at all times ready and willing to give any and all information desired and in every way they have been found to exhibit that spirit of true fraternity and friendliness so characteristic of the people "out where the West begins." W. H. WHALEN. W. A. GILLASPEY. Gunnison County Commissioners Rainbow Route Garage Fully equipped for all kinds of repair work, vulcanizing, acetylene welding and electric battery charging. Repair shop in charge of an expert with 1 2 years experience in automobile work COMPLETE LINE OF AUTO ACCESSORIES (Studebafcer Four) AGENCY FOR THE STUDEBAKER LINE The car with power, style, strength and stability AGENCY OF THE FAMOUS CHEVROLET CARS The greatest all-around mountain car built ATT "T* (^ O TJ (^ TD T_T T D p Our elegant cars at your service to aad from any place at ■tX \J L KJ ij r \J AV X^ J. IV d any time. Drivers that know their business and the country DONALD B. LIKENS Passengers and 'Baggage GUNNISON, COLO. Phone 95 W "The Rainbow Route" And Roads of Gunnison County By a. p. Nelson. THE "RAINBOW ROUTE" of The National Auto Road System, which begins at Pueblo and ends at Salt Lake City, is no longer a dream but a beautiful, enchanting, picturesque real- ity. Leaving Pueblo the tourist follows the roaring and foaming Arkansas River to Canon City, from which point the road passes through the for its awe-inspiring beauty and grandeur famous Royal Gorge to Salida, at an altitude of 7,050 feet. From Salida the Rainbow Route is divided, one of the routes going via Cochetopa Pass, which route for its scenic beauty and fine roads is unsur- passed in any country, finally reaching the little town of Parlin where supplies for the auto, as well as the autoist, and comfort for a possibly approach- ing night can be obtained. The other branch of the Rainbow Route from Salida is via the Monarch Pass, which if possible Black Canon and Sapinero Bridge On "The Rainbow Route." Salida is an ideal Mountain City with a popula- tion of about 6,500. It is the natural center of commerce for a vast tract of territory representing varied resources in the southwestern part of Colo- rado, branches of the Denver & Rio Grande Rail- way System reaching out in all directions of the compass. Has a large smelter and handles much of the mineral output of the State. Has excellent hotel faciHties and the traveler and tourist receives a genuine western reception, the citizens reflecting that welcome-like inviting greeting, which the well built, neat and attractive city gives the stranger at his arrival. Its climate is soothing and mild and the mountains surrounding the town make a most attractive setting to this beautiful gem of Colorado. is of even more stately grandeur, and after emerg- ing from the mountains the route passes along the with velvety greeness covered Tomichi Valley, sur- rounding the majestic Tomichi Dome, at the foot op which is the for its Hot Radium Springs widely famous Waunita. Here the dusty traveler can find solace and comfort by plunging in the warm radium pools and the stately Sanitarium, conducted by the well known Dr. C. G. Davis of Chicago, is designed to invite the visitor to tarry and receive nature's remedy for "whatever ails you." Good hotel accom- modations, numerous attractive and well furnished private cottages, erected for the use of the public, and every feature of a Summer Resort makes Waunita Hot Springs a place which the tourist 26 GUNNISON COUNTY should not fail to include in his itinerary. Leaving Waunita it is but a short distance to Parlin where the two routes join. Another branch of the Monarch Pass Route is being constructed which begins on the western side of Monarch Pass and branches off in a circuitous and winding line through the pineclad mountains and covering a section which has to be seen in order to realize its beauty, as it is absolutely past descrip- tion, and after some miles of travel the ideal moun- tain town and mining camp of Pitkin is reached. That this most scenic line, when completed, will be chosen by many tourists is certain as it is a veritable joy ride. After leaving Pitkin the road ifollows the for its trout fishing famous Quarts Creek until Parlin is reached, joining the other two routes, fol- nothing short of a week's fishing should be indulged in before traveling further. In again "hitting the trail" the Rainbow Route fbllows the majestic Gunnison River which along the way is dotted with cabins, "lodges" and "fish- ing camps" for the deciples of Isaac Walton and at lola, Cebolla and Sapinero are "Sportmen's Hotels" which with their shady walks and rustic loveliness invite the traveler to rest to enjoy the cooling breezes from the river and try his luck at catching the wild and wily mountain trout. At Sapinero the main route passes over the river towards the Black Canyon, famous for its cliff drives, rivaling or rather surpassing the Royal Gorge in grandeur, and then over the Blue mesa to the inviting and in rustic beauty bedecked "Halfway House," a public hostelry Bridge Over the Little Blue, Near the "Half-way House" "The Rainbow Route.' lowing the river into the city of Gunnison — the coming Pittsburg of the West. Gunnison is the "hub" of Gunnison County, for just as "all roads lead to Rome" so all the roads and pathways lead to Gunnison, but as Gunnison is given a separate chapter in this booklet we will merely say that no place in the West is more deserv- ing of a visit and any information that may be wanted can be had for the asking, and for but little more the most hospitable accommodation in the way, of hotels and other needs can be secured. The several garages and supply places for the autoist are also at the travelers command and remembering that Gunnison is "the home of the Rainbow Trout" erected by Gunnison and Montrose counties for the sole purpose of giving the tourist a reminder of the old "Wayside Inns" of bygone days. Continuing on the town of Cimmaron is reached and you emerge from the part of the State that lays ' claim to be the "Switzerland of America" and reach more level stretches of road and placed where the. vision can view the distant horizon. From Cimmaron the "route" crosses Cerro Hill at a 5 per cent grade until the Uncompaghre Valley is reached, in which the town of Montrose is nes- tled. From there you go south to Ridgway, thence across Dallas divide to Placerville and down the San Miguel River to Norwood. From Ridgway "RAINBOW ROUTE" AND ROADS 27 side trips can be taken to the ifamous mining town of Ouray, and from Placerville a spin can be taken to the equally renowned Telluride. Each of these mountain towns has a grandeur which is entrancing, rugged mountains, beautiful streams and wooded gulches and the time will be found Well spent in visiting these places. From Norwood the road continues on along the San Miguel River, passes through the great radium Route," the finest highway in Colorado and the shortest route to Salt Lake City. Yes, my friend, it took some money to construct this magnificent highway and Gunnison and Mont- rose counties imposed a road tax amounting to $4.00 for every inhabitant, and the County Com- missioners, who personally supervised and had the road work in charge, are duly entitled to praise and glory and the citizens to due credit for the sacrifices Along the County Roads of Gunnison County. fields, the Paradox carnotite deposits, in the Para- dox Valley. Here it crosses over into Utah, which state has built its connection, a most beautiful road, avoiding the deserts and hugging the rivers and mountains on its onward way — a road well worth traveling and its many colored hues and thousands of "rainbow bends," not to again mention the Rainbow trout, entitles it in full to bear its very appropriate and meaningfull name of "The Rainbow they made in order to give to the people of the United States this splendid national highway, en- abling them, on an overland trip, to view the majestic and indescribable mountain scenes — and all they ask in return is that every one who is bent on a summer vacation remembers the ' patriotic motto, "See America First," or, putting a moi'e local touch to the expression, changing it to, "See America, but see Colorado first." The "Half-way House" on "The Rainbow Route.' ELITE GARAGE ON THE RAINBOW ROUTE Expert Repair Work Promptly at Low Prices Home of the Famous Ford All Kinds of Oils, Parts and Accessories ifor the Auto FIRESTONE TIRES : VITALIC TIRES Prompt Auto Service Anywhere, Any Time, at Lowest Rates TOURIST TRADE SOLICITED We can house your car and yourself. Good rooms in connection with the garage. We can please you. Our patrons always return. ph»„.,24j W. A. KEELOR ^'«'""'^'' 'GUNNISON -M - COLORADO COLORADO. Railroad Lines, Automobile Routes and G)unty Roads* "The Rainbow Route" of the National Auto Road System Connecting from tho Kiist with The Midland Trail and Lincoln Highway at Sulidu, Colorado, and then via Cochctopa Puss and Monnrcli Pass to Gunnison, Colorado, then by way of Montrose and Grand Junction to Salt Luke City and the Pacific Coast. I The Itainbo^t' Itoatc ■ County Auto Roaila ■ Itailroad Lines - County Roads "RAINBOW ROUTE" AND ROADS 31 The accredited county roads and the roads which partly or in full are maintained by the county, will sum up a total distance of over a thousand miles and when it is remembered that practically all are "Mountain Roads" a conception of the cost of con- structing and maintaining same can be gained. The road w'ork of the county is under the personal super- vision and charge of the County Commissioners who divide the work so each commissioner has a certain section to look after. ^ New roads are each year added and the increased demand for good auto roads has tared the efforts of the commissioners, as well as the road funds of the county, to the ertreme limit. The Road Map of Gunnison County which ap- pears on another page in this booklet will in a more comprehensive way describe the various roads of the County, as well as the towns and places to which roads have been built, than could be depicted in words, and as the road map also indicates the class and the condition of the roads we feel that any further explanation is unnecessary. However, it may be said that no matter where you go, or how you travel, whether on foot, horse- back, by rail or auto, no better roads, no more beau- tiful scenery and no climate more healthful and invigorating can be found anywhere in the world than you will find along the Rainbow' Route, the county roads, the paths and burro-trails of Gunnison County. Black Canon on "The Rainbow Route." Scene Along the Blue River on "The Rainbow Route.' Towns and Mining Camps of Gunnison County Their Resources, Indu^ries and Progress GUNNISON, the County seat, is situated in one of the prettiest valleys in the State of Colorado, the stretch of level land being admirably suited for the location of one of the future largest manufacturing cities in the West, and extending for miles around, the snow-capped mountains surrounding it, making it a natural and picturesque frame setting to the beautiful picture. The majestic Gunnison River flows swiftly by its northern and western border and the "Silvery Tomichi" wends its way on the southern edge, the two forming a magnificent junction just below the city. The many tributary streams coming down the valleys above the city insure an inexhaustible and con.stant supply of pure water and the swift is sure to note the blending of the Eastern refine- ment with the Western freedom, a combination as unique as it is attractive. One of the annual festi- vals celebrated at Gunnison is the "Cattlemen's Day" in the early fall. Parades, races, sports of every kind and general enjoyment and frivolty is the order of the day, the main special feature being the "Fish- Fry," when all visitors are given free all the mountain trout they can devour. Other places have their "Watermelon Day," "Cantaloupe Day," "Strawberry Day," etc., but Gunnison is the only place in the world that can boast of a "fish fry" or "Mountain Trout Day." Being centrally located, Gunnison is the principal supply point for the mines and ranches surrounding. street Scene, Residence Section, GunTiison. pace of the river below the city provides excellent facilities for drainage and sanitation. The altitude of Gunnison is 7,680 feet, the air pure and dry, and the climate delightful and healthy. A wonderful transformation has in recent years taken place at Gunnison. With the establishment of the State Normal School and the advent of the state-wide prohibition the old "border town," with its touches of Western life disappeared, and an atmosphere of culture and refinement has succeeded it. Where formerly the Indian's war cry and the cowboy's whoop sounded can now be heard the col- lege yells and the strains of music. Improvement along every line has' also taken place and Gunnison is today a cornmunity as modern and up-to-date as any in the Eastern states. But Gunnison has still the true Western spirit and the Western hospitality, and the casual visitor just as it is destined to eventually become one of the greatest steel and iron manufacturing centers on the continent, as well as a very important smelter point for the many ores and minerals found in the various mining districts surrounding the city. All fluxing material, fuel, fire clay, etc., are found within a few miles of the town and the progress and prosperity of Gunnison is retarded only by the lack of adequate and satisfactory railroad transpor- tation, and by the exorbitant and prohibitive freight rates. Yes, Gunnison is a "coming city" and the founda- tion for its future has been laid firm and deep, remains only to wisely and conservatively erect the superstructure which will rival in greatness the snow-bedecked sky-scrapers standing guard around the fertile and beautiful valley in which the coming "Pittsburg of the West" is located. TOWNS AND MINING CAMPS 33 Aberdeen. A mining camp, famous for its gran- ite. The State Capitol of Denver was built with gran- ite from these quarries. Reached by railroad from Gunnison via Hierro; distance from Gunnison lo miles. Good county road to the camp. By county road, 7 miles from Gunnison. Almont. a beautiful little fishing resort on the Crested Butte branch of the D. &;R. G. railway, at the confluence of East River and Taylor River; ii miles from- Gunnison. Fine hotel and numerous fishermen's cabins. Shipping point for the mines of the Taylor River and Forest Hill districts. Fine auto road leads to the place. BowERMAN. Mining camp, three miles south of Pitkin. Famous for its rich gold discoveries in 1903. Nearest railroad, post office, supply and shipping point is Pitkin. Crested Butte is a town of 1,000 people, situated in northern Gunnison County, in the heart of the imposing Elk Mountains. The adjacent country is remarkable for its natural beauty — towering peaks, stately forests, beautiful flora, and succulent grasses. Pure air, fine water, cheap fuel, abundant building stone and timber are among the varied natural resources that contribute to its desirability as a place of abode and progress. First and foremost among our industries is the coal business, there being three anthracite and three bituminous mines in operation, and in addition a coke industry of 154 ovens. The combined product furnishes immense tonnage to the railroad. Particu- larly in the case of the anthracite is the market wide, this product being shipped to all the Western states, and to Kansas and Nebraska. The bitumin- ous coal is unsurpassed for steam purposes. Nor- 'Fish Fry Day" Gunnison, Colorado. Cebolla. Tourist camp and fishing resort along the Gunnison River. Station at the D. & R. G. railway, 16 miles west of Gunnison. Post office, good hotel, tourists' cabins; a popular and much frequented trout fishing and hunting resort. Stop- ping place for tourists along the "Rainbow Route." Crested Butte was founded by Howard F. Smith, who,, in the- spring of 1879, brought here the first saw-mill that was operated in the Elk Mountains, writes C. L. Ross. Incorporation was accomplished in 1881. With mountain ranges seamed with veins of gold, silver, lead- and copper ; with vast beds of coal — anthracite, bituminous and coking ; its hills and mountains covered- with a heavy growth of timber, and with agricultural valleys of a combined area reaching into the hundreds of thousands of acres, this district needed only the entrance of capi- tal and labor to develop its great resources. Not- ivith standing the formidable barriers with which nature guarded its choice treasures, satisfactory progress and development have taken place. mally about 500 men, altogether, are employed, in the several mines. Next in importance is stock growing, which is rapidly expanding in this section. Settlers are speedily acquiring all available ground and thus getting situated to take advantage of our magnifi- cent summer ranges, which are under supervision of the government forestry department. Inasmuch as the surrounding territory is admirably adapted to the growth of timothy and clover hay, our tonnage of this product reaches about 10,000 tons annually, most of it being fed to cattle right here. This solid industry augurs wonderful results for this com- munity, and it will grow' fast in extent and impor- tance for many years to come. The Elk Mountain district is also noted for its valuable metal mines, of which there are a number in operation, especially throughout the summer sea- son. It is superflous to state that, with increased prices for the base metals, and new and improved methods of milling, this element of our resources is 34 GUNNISON COUNTY entering upon a period of renewed life and vigor. We have millions of tons of available ores carrying values in gold, silver, lead, copper and zinc. Power and smelting materials are in abundance at a mini- mum of cost. As a place to come and spend your vacation, among the cool and grand old mountains, where the ladies will be delighted with our "fifty-seven vari- ties" of flowers, wild raspberries, gooseberries and other plant life, and where the men can find diver- sion in hunting all kinds of game with camera and gun, and where they will find the best trout fishing streams in the state, we suggest Crested Butte. Fine automobile roads throughout the country con- tribute materially to this pleasure. street Scene, Crested Bjtte. Crystal. Mining camp, six miles east from Marble, the nearest railroad station on the Crystal River & San Juan railway. Can be reached in summer from Crested Butte by stage. Dayton. Mining camp and stopping point on the Lake City branch of the D. & R. G. railway, 15 miles south from Sapinero. Dorchester. Mining camp in northeastern part of county. Can be reached ^y wagon road from Pitkin via Tin Cup and Pieplant, about 35 miles distant. DoYLEViLLE. Station on the D. & R. G. railway, 19 miles east of Gunnison. Situated in a fertile valley with ranching and cattle raising as its prin- cipal industry. Wgunita Hot Radium Springs, a famous tourist and health resort, 8 miles northeast. Shipping point, post office and supply point for mines and ranchmen. Dubois. Mining camp, 23 miles southwest of Gimnison. Reached by road from lola via Spencer, rv from Gate View on the Lake City branch of the D. & R. G. railway. Floresta. Camp and shipping point for coal and metal mines. Located on the Crested Butte branch of the D. & R. G. railway, 9 miles west of Crested Butte, and 36 miles from Gunnison. Post office and supply point. Gothic. Mining camp, 7 miles north of Crested Butte, the nearest station, post office and supply point. Located in a rich mining district. HiERRO. Station on the D. & R. G. railway, 8 miles west of Gunnison. loLA. Station on the D. & R. G. railway, 10 miles west of Gunnison. A much frequented fish- ing resort. Post office, hotels, general stores and supply point. Shipping point for the famous copper and gold mines at Vulcan and Spencer. Along the Rainbow Route and a much frequented stopping place for tourists. Jacks Cabin. Shipping point on the Crested Butte branch of the D. & R. G. railway, 16 miles from Gunnison. In a rich ranching section famous for its grass fed cattle. Fine auto road and beau- tiful scenery. Kezar. Station on the D. & R. G. railway, 12 miles west of Gunnison. Marble City. "Marble is our name and marble is what we produce," is the motto, maxim and watchword of the town of Marble, located in the northwest corner of Gunnison County. Yes, Mar- ble not only produces marble but in reality is "made of marble." Its streets are paved with marble, the sidewalks and crossings are of marble, the founda- tions of the houses are of marble ; yes, even the ballast on the railroad and the abutments and rip- rappings along the creek are of marble, so the town fully justifies the name "Marble City." The Colo- rado Yule Marble Company, a corporation known not only everywhere in the United States, but recog- nized and respected throughout the entire world, is the life of the town or rather is the town itself, as without the marble industry there would be no town and everyone living in Marble City is either directly or indirectly dependent on and inter- ested in the marble w'orks and the marble industry. The great marble quarries are located a short distance above the town, to which an electric trolley line leads, the only electric car line in the county. At a distance the quarries resemble a huge snow- bank and its blinding whitness appearing within the dark frame of the greenclad hills makes an impres- sion upon the stranger- and visitor long to be remem- bered. The huge blocks of marble broken out from this immense quarry are brought down on the trol- ley line to the finishing shops w'hich are located along the "Crystal River railway," at the southern edge of Marble City. We will not attempt to describe the extent of this magnificent and v^•|■th costly machinery equipped structure but the ac^cotn- panying picture can s:ive a faint conception ol'Jts exterior greatness and the interior has to be seen ii5 order to be able to be understood or realized. TOWNS AND MINING CAMPS 36 GUNNISON COUNTY The Colorado Yule Marble Company has up- wards of $10,000,000 invested in buildings, machin- ery, improvements and in the business in general, and while this sum may seem immense it must be remembered that its business is in excess of all the business in white marble of all the balance of the world combined, and the magnificent part of it is that this gigantic Western enterprise has been made possible by the generous support, assistance and confidence of the investing public throughout the Eastern states and while it has taken many years, vast amount of capital and determined energy on the part of the management to make this magnifi- cent industry possible, still the principal hardships are over and with continued co-operation between the management and the investors a success such as even the most sanguine and confident did not dare to dream of will be possible. To enumerate the hundreds of buildings and structures throughout the United States, from coast to coast, constructed of Colorado Yule marble. a road is being constructed south from Marble to Somerset and then by way of Crested Butte to Gunnison. Marble City has numerous stores, hotels, bank and other business establishmgjjrts. "The Marble Booster," one of the most progressive weiek- ly newspapers of the West, is-published h^re and the determined spirit that made this immense indus- try possible up among the almost inaccessible moun- tain fastness is also responsible for the makipg and maintaining of the lively up-to-date little to^'n, the for all future renowned Marble City. i Ohio City. Located at the point where Gold Creek flows into Quartz Creek, 21 miles north of Gunnison, the county seat, and 9 miles ndrth of Parlin, where the Pitkin branch of the D. So R. G. railway connects with the Marshall Pass Lihe; Is an important supply point for the many mines Oper- ating along the Gold Creek, among which are: Carter Tunnel, the Raymond, Gold Links, Bdzora- Bassick, Sandy Hook, the Frances, etc., ahd the General View of Ohio City, Colorado. would require more space than this piiblication con- tains and we will merely mention the Lincoln Mem- orial Monument at Washington, D. C, the largest marble structure in the world, the Government building at Denver and Colorado National Bank, also of Denver, and anyone interested in marble will receive all desired information by addressing the office of the Colorado Yule Marble Company at Marble City, Colorado. The town of Marble is beautifully located at the foot of an almost perpendicular mountain and in a valley surrounded on all sides by the pine-clad sky- scrapers. The town is reached by rail from Glen- wood Springs to Carbondale via the D. & R. G. railway, where connection is made to the Crystal River & San Juan railway, or "The Marble Line." The county road follows the same route, although Ohio City post office maintains a daily stage up to these mines. The town has several general stores and rhany of the mines have their headquarters and operate from this point. Good trout fishing, good hotel accommodations and fine places for camping make it an ideal place for tourists and fishermen. Excellent auto road, and the Pitkin-Parlin mail stage passes through daily. Parlin. Station on the D. & R. G. Ry., 12 miles east of Gunnison. Transfer point for passen- gers to the Pitkin Branch of the railway. Junction of the "Rainbow Route" of the National Auto Road System via Monarch and Cochetopa passes, to or from Salida. Postoffice, auto supply station, gen- eral store, information bureau and stopping place for tourists and fishermen. TOWNS AND MINIJ^G CAMPS 37 Pitkin. Pitkin is a thriving little mining town situated about 14 miles below Alpine Pass, on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains, .28 miles northeast of Gunnison, the county seat. Lying as it does in the center of the mineral belt of the county, it is an important supply point for the many gold, silver and tungsten mines in the district. The town has several general stores, bank, ex- press and postoffice, hotels and various other busi- ness houses. Has a fine school, two churches and "The Pitkin Miner," one of the best edited mining papers in the state, is published here. Quartz Creek, one of the swiftest mountain streams in the state, runs through the town, and the city is kept clean by the steady streams of water that run down on either side of the main streets. Quartz Creek is well stocked with fish, and the State of Colorado maintains the largest hatchery of mountain trout in the county a half mile below route of the National Auto Road System turns to the left over the Gunnison River towards the Blue M^esa and: via .Montrose and Delta to Salt Lake City, and another good auto road leads to the right over the Black Mesa, via Hotchkiss and Delta, where it again joins the "Rainbow Route." Sap- inero has several stores and hotels and is a much frequented fishing resort. - Somerset. An important coal mining town on the western border of the county and a station and shipping point on the North Pork branch of the D. & R. G. Ry. from Delta, in Delta County. The Utah Fuel Co., which owns the coal mines, also maintains and owns the town, which is in every respect a model and up-to-date, even if not a "spotless town!" Much coal is shipped out from Somerset and the entire population is, in one re- spect or the other, connected with the coal industry. Pitkin, the "Tungsten Town" of Gunnison County. the city, and fish from this hatchery are sent to air parts of the world. Pitkin is a point ' that the tourist should not fail to visit, and the beautiful little city is one of the most ideal and attractive mountain towns, not only in the county, but in the entire state. PowDERHORN. A little town situated in the southern part of the county, about 16 miles from lola on the Cebolla Creek. Good auto road all the way. One of the greatest deposits of iron and- manganese ores nearby, pine fertile valley, rich in hay, and cattle raising is the leading industry. The Cebolla Hot Springs, famous for their curative qualities, are located here. Sapinero. Station on the D. & R. G. Ry., 26 miles west of Gunnison. On the junction of the "Rainbow Route," where the road forks, the maiti Tin Cup. A mining camp in the very heart of the Rockies, 15 miles north of Pitkin. The town is surrounded by rich placer and quartz mines and the road from Pitkin to Tin Cup, on its highest point about 10 .miles north of Pitkin, reaches the "Tungsten Belt," which at present is the scene of great activity. Tin Cup has a post office and gen- eral store and is an ideal mining camp. Vulcan. Home of the Vulcan Mines & Smelter Company, which company maintains a commissary and boarding house for its many workmen employed in the mines and. the smelter operated by the com- pany. Located 12 miles south of lola. a station on the D. & R. G. railway and a shipping point for ores from the Vulcan and other mines. lola is the nearest post office and supply point. 38 GUNNISON COUNTY White Pine. Important mining camp on the eastern border of the county about lo miles north of Sargent, a station on the D. & R. G. railway, 31 miles east of Gunnison. Many mines of importance are operating and making their headquarters at this camp, which, like all the towns and mining camps, are destined to become of greater impor- tance as the years roll on and the mines become more flourishing. Waunita. Famous health and pleasure resort, renowned for its Hot Radium Springs ; has splendid hotel, numerous daintily furnished cottages, a Well equipped sanitarium and many/ conveniences and attractions for the tourists and invalids, who in large numbers, especially during the summer sea- son, frequent the place. Located about 8 miles from Doyleville, a station on the D. & R. G. rail- way, 19 miles east of Gunnison. The "Rainbow Route," via Monarch Pass goes by way of Waunita and good auto roads to the place lead from all points in the county. "A good land, a land of brooks of water, of foun- tains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills. "A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack anything in it ; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayst dig money." Deut. viii : 7-9. .■^*">C jfe-^-. Old Signal Peak NEAR GUNNISON, COLORADO. QILENT she stands, as for ages she stood there, ^-^ Guarding the peace of the valley below; Lifting her brow to the heaven above her, Catching the ray of the sun's early glow ; Braving the storms ; and her towering glory Still of the days passed away, seems to speak ; Speak of the redmen — their wonderful story — In the ashes and embers on Old Signal Peak. A GES have passed since the fires there were -^^ glowing; Ages which tell of their vanishing race. Which to the tomb of oblivion is going ; Tell of the pale-face now taking their place ; Of warriors valiant, retreat never seeking, Tell of the fallen, who vainly you seek; Whose whispers of farewell still faintly are speaking In the ashes and embers on Old Signal Peak. A GES roll on, but the years disappearing -^-^ Dim not the story that comes from her crest. And, while not the war cry of Indians we're hearing. And proudly we're speaking of "Winning the West", Still all through the ages the redmen, their story, Shall sound like the stormwind — not faintly nor weak — And often we'll trace their unbedimmed glory In the ashes and embers on Old Signal Peak. — A. P. Nelson. Gunnison County, the Tourist's Delight and Sportsman's Paradise By a. p. Nelson. TO AMPLY and in sufficient descriptive lan- guage tell about the attractive scenery, the beautiful spots of nature, the sparkling springs, flowery valleys and pineclad mountains of Gunnison County ; to speak in such soothing and cooling words about our sunny days and ifrosty summer nights to the Easterner, sw'eltering in perspiration, so as to make him wish that he were here, and to make him put his wishes into action and come, in short to tell everything about our wonderful coun- try, will require a more versatile and, in descriptive qualities, more gifted pen than ours, and fortunate- "Witb the turning of Kansas City's eyes toward vacationland, the mountains of Colorado come first "The Almont" Hotel and Fishing Lodge at Almont, Colo. ly an article, which fills the bill, recently appearing in the Kansas City Times, attracted our attention and while the headline speaks boldly Of our "Rockies" as "Kansas City's Mountains" still for the sake of peace and harmony we will not enter into any dispute over the ownership or title to them and instead "borrow" their article which says : Fishing Lodge of F. B. Hower of New York on Burg's Ranch, Near lola. into view. They are better adjusted to the average vision than Atlantic City or Los Angeles. Few of us can "see" either ocean from our place in the world, but Colorado spreads its inviting garden almost at our feet. Proximity, indeed, has been the chief reason for our knowing so little about it. If its snow-capped peaks and entrancing valleys were Trout Fishing on Gunnison River. 46 GUNNISON COUNTY farther away we would have a pleasurable sense of martyrdom in not being able to go to them. "Then we could talk about them as we do of the motor car we can't afford. We could look at them in pictures and explain to our friends how it has been the dream of our life to have enough money to visit that wonderful country. "Greatly as we have enjoyed this misery we ought, as sensible persons, to abandon it for the more rational pleasure of actually going there. the soul. It is well for every man to know that he is not the most impressive of Nature's work. Some men who have had this idea and have seen a moun- tain have come away so changed from their former selves that our desire to kill them with a club has almost left us. "We are not ashamed to say that we do not feel competent to describe the scenery of Colorado. We have seen it attempted and our respect for the man trying it has always suffered. The railroads have Mountain Scene Near Pitkin, Fairview Peak in tiie Distance. Colorado is Kansas City's natural summer resort. It is not too near to be commonplace nor too far to be inaccessible. In twenty-four hours or less and at a cost we would not regard as unreasonable for a palm beach suit we can be in the heart of this wonderland surrounded by scenery unrivaled in the Alps. Everybody ought to be acquainted with at least one mountain. It is well also to know an ocean if. possible, but if an ocean does not belong to your set it is all the more reason why you -should cultivate the society of a mountain. It is good for tried it and the more they try it the better one is able to understand why railroads are frequent fail-| ures and have to get receivers to run them. The^ most effective thing the railroads ever said about Colorado is that they will haul you there and back for $17.50. That is their only rise to anything like eloquence on the subject. - "The railroads try to give you the impression they provided the Colorado scenery themselves, that they went to great expense to have the rrioimtains con- structed along the right of way. This is not the The Mighty Has Fallen. IVIountain Lion Shot Near Powderhorn, Colo- THE NATION' S PLAYGROUND 41 strict fact — probably there is almost no truth in it. Railroads that traverse a flat country speak with a certain hush of the grandeur of the prairie. Despite all of which it seems to be true that railroads go where they are going by the shortest and cheapest route. Luckily for .us that route for some" of therh ran through this giants' playground where all of Nature's works seem to have been constructed for a mightier race than ours. If so- that race has gone and left them for us, the towering white . crested peaks, the deep canons, the flowering- valleys, the tumbling streams — a paradise of beauty which man has not yet defaced and whose vastness defies him to make it offerisively populous. In that respect it has an immense advaritage over Newport. "Come on — let's go to Colorado this summer. Let's popularize it for our own folks. Let's try to think of it as a Kansas City possession, as our big playground just, f^r enough away from the streets an|d racket of the city to make it worth while going there. We can go to bed on the train at night and eaj: luncheon the next day in the shadow of Pike's Peak. Why, we make as much preparation as that to' go to Swope park — if you don't believe that, ask sofne mother who has to take four or five kids there Sunday and packs the lunch basket the day before. What do you say ? Suits you ? All aboard thfen for Colorado and Kansas City's mountains !" fWith appreciation ifor the "loan" of above article we will only ask permission to change the last three words and make it "United States' Mountains," and invite every resident East of the foothills to come out and get acquainted with, one. of the .mountains and while they are rugged and rough they, won't hurt you, in fact they will do you good. Therefore, come on everybody! The mountains' will 'be here waiting for you. As for sports, here is a plenty — :mountain climb- ing, fishing, hunting, hiking, burro and horseback riding, motoring, and^-well if here is not your spe- cial brand of sport bring it with you. Take your baseball, tennis racquet, and golfing outfit with you, here are splendid opportunities to spread yourself. "Some Catch." The valleys are broad, the mountains high, the streams full of trout, the.w'oods inhabited by the bear, wildcat, coyote, and mountain lion — which are just as scared of you as you are of them — plenty of deer, elk and mountain sheep, and do not forget- to bring your camera, , and if you are, good on: snapnshots you can no doubt "get some game." Therefore, again, come on everybody ! "The Sportsmen's Home" at Cebolla, on Gunnison River. Gunnison County in Summer and Winter Its Invigorating Air and Health-Giving Climate By a. p. Nelson. SPEAKING of climate Gunnison County can supply any and all varieties and satisfy the most fastidious and exacting connoisseurs on this element of existence. If you want frosty nights, crisp and invigorating mornings, sunny lazy-like days, and evenings when a sweater, wrap or over- coat feels comfortable, come to Gunnison County in summer time — we have at least three months of summer, June, July and August. We do not bother much about spring as King Boreas delights to dwell domestic felicity, usually occurring in the latter part of May or first of June. But we have no scorching days and no hot" swel- tering nights. The sun shines from 364 to 366 days of the year, we have no cloudy, murky days, no fogs and no cyclones and while sometimes, during a short period we term the "rainy season," a light shower may fall each day, in half an hour the roads are again dry, the sun is again on the job and the air, purified, flower-scented and invigorating, is fit for a king. But, what is the use of trying to de- ^ I' Early on a Frosty Morning. View of Court IHouse Square, Gunnison, Colo., W^inter 1915. with us as long as the snowdrifts remain on the mountains, but as soon as the snow disappears the stately columbine — the State Flower of Colorado — and oodles of other flowers of all kinds, shades and colors, come bravely forth, and often you can pluck snowballs with one hand and flowers with the other at the same time. In other words "winter lingers in the lap of spring" until summer takes a hand in the Crested Butte In V\/inter. ^'The Palisades" Railroad Scene Near Pitkin. AIR AND CLIMATE 43 scribe our fine healthful, and unexcelled summer climate— it simply "cannot be did" — and only by your personal association with it can you get a true conception of what it is. Oh y€s, that is. right. We also have our "snowy season." Snow as "beautiful," downy and white as any poet ever attempted to depict. Some of the lingering drifts remain in the mountain crevices the whole summer, but in winter they come right down to our doors — yes sometimes they even reach above the door — and snow-shoeing, skiing, coasting, sleigh- riding, snow-shoveling, trail-making and "bucking the drifts" is the sport and pastime, as well as daily performance, of man and beast, locomotive snow- plow and rotary, for several moons. And we feel happy when the "fishing season" opens on May 25, for then we know' that summer is near and it is always welcome, just as all are who like to enjoy real summer climate in the mountains. And you want to stay. Stay until the aspen leaves begin to glow in their beautiful colors of red and yellow ; stay until the little humming bird packs up and starts to move to warmer climate; stay until the snow-shoe rabbit begins to shed its comfy brown coat for a snowy white one and the hunters bring in sage chicken and grouse ; stay until you get a real good taste of the good juicy things we have in the mountains, for we do not live altogether on sunshine and climate, even though we have the best that can be found anywhere under the sun. Yes, Gunnison County has the climate ! "Snowbound." The "Pitkin Flyer" on tlie D. & R. G. Plowing Through the Drifts. "Snowbound." A Deer Found Exhausted in the Snowdrifts Near Powderhorn. It was Photo- graphed, Taken to a Ranch, Fed, Cared for and Later Released. Health and Pleasure Resorts of Gunnison County By a. p. Nelson. TO DESCRIBE in general terms the health and pleasure resorts of Gunnison County, the broad and truthful statement could be made that the entire county is a large, beautiful, enchant- ing playground, with towering, pine-clad mountains, verdant, flower-bedecked valleys, shady spots, where an invitation seems to beckon the tourist to camp and enjoy the sport of fishing and hunting. However, at many places, efforts have been made to provide especially for the comfort arid enjoyment of the travelers, tourists arid visitors, "^nd "lodges," cabins, hotels and summer camp can be found at numerous places. Among the pleasure and fishing resorts may espe- cially be mentioned the Almont, eleven miles north of Gunnison, where a most attractive little hotel and numerous fishermen's cabins provide all the comforts of home, with splendid trout fishing in the streams flowing past the doors. Another famous and much frequerited resort is the Sportsmens' Hotel, at Cebolla, sixteen miles west of Gunnison, where a most ideal surrounding gives the tourist an unconquerable desire to come again, and thousands of guests from every part of the United States make regular .visits at this place every summer. In the vicinity are also several pri- vate "fishing lodges," erected by wealthy Eastern- ers, who each summer evade the hot, depressing and sweltering weather in the Eastern cities, by spending the summer months in this- cool and de- lightful climate. At lola and Sapinero are also resorts and hotels which especially cater to the travelers along the "Rainbow Route," and who desire to spend a few days, weeks or months in leisure or in attempting to hook the wild and wily mountain trout, for which the rivers and creeks of Gunnison County are justly famous. Other places of this kind are the Lily Lake, near Marble, Bergmans Lake and Camping Ground, above Crested Butte, the Fountain Place, near lola, and a large number of others of similar nature along the many trout streams which come rushing down the valleys in every part of the county. Among the places which especially may be classed as health resorts are the Cebolla Hot Springs, at Powderhom, and the Waunita Hot Radium Springs, at Waunita. Both places recently had the misfor- tune to be visited by destructive fires, but at Waunita a better hotel and more attractive and better sani- tarium have been constructed and the best of accom- modations and careful attention will make the invalid or tourist regain health, strength and vigor. There- fore when in pursuit of health or pleasure, come to Gunnison County. AT TFIE FOOT of the mighty and imposing "Tomichi Dome," near the spot which the legends tell is the grave of the' beautiful Indian maiden Waunita, are the for their hot radium' waters and wonderful cures justly famous Waunita Springs. Hidden away among the Rocky Moiin-' tains, in a little valley surrounded by towering peaks and pine forests, the scenery of which out- rivals the glories of Switzerland; with a summer climate composed of bright, crisp, clear and invig- orating mornings, days of golden sunshine with the blue canopy of heaven "just a trifle bluer" than any- where else ; with evenings when even in the midst of summer a frost is the rule more than exception, and the visitor feels comfortable in winter clothes, and with night when the starlit heavens seem to descend closer down to the earth and the "diamonds in the sky" seem_ to shine more brilliant, and mil- lion-fold more in numbers — such a place is Waunita. In ages past the curative powers of the hot springs emanating from the crevices in the earth were known to the Indians, the trappers and hunt- ers, but only in the most recent years was it deter- mined what caused these cures or what healthgiving properties the waters contained. The "Tomichi Dome," at the foot of which the springs emanate, is a volcano, which only for the outlet for the hot waters, the steam and gases afforded by these springs, would yet be in active state, and the tourist and mountain climber who ascends to the summit of the "dome" will there find the cup-like crater, around which the lava extends in wide circles. The slopes of the mountain are covered with a heavy growth of pine, spruce, juni- per and cypress trees and lower down, near the foot and especially along the "draws" where the numer- ous springs moisten the soil, the "quaking aspen" grow in veritable groves. The timbered region is the favorite haunts of the wild game, the deer, snow-shoe rabbit, grouse and sage hen, and we might say in whispers so as not to scare the timid ones, that the bear, wildcat and mountain lions also consider that they hold a pre-emptive claim on the rugged slopes and dark creepy-like forest glades— but do not run, they will do that, as they fear you just a little more than you do them. But, let us talk about the waters — that is more invigorating and refreshing. Recent analyses made by the most competent and famous chemists of United States and Europe have determined that Waunita Hot Springs are stronger in radio-activity than any springs so far discovered in any part of the world. The radium emanation was found to be 1280 lo-ip curies (whatever that is) and the re- markable cures that have been effected there are simply marvelous, and every year sees an increase THE NATION' S PLAYGROUND 45 in the number of invalids who ■ here- find health strength and vigor. Drinking the waters at the hot fountain, bathing in the large and excellently appointed swimming pool of warm radium waters, inhaling the gases and steam . rising from the impregnated waters in the specially arranged and finely equipped sanitarium, and "packings" of the radium mud are some of the means and methods of transforming the sick and the invalid to health and restored vigor. years, as well as a fortune, in transforming the rough mountain region into an inviting health and pleasure resort. Excellent hotel accommodations, numerous fur- nished cottages, unlimited camping grounds and advantages and comforts, suitable to each individ- ual's needs or desires, can be had at most reasonable rates, and pleasures and enjoyments are daily pro- vided for the guests and visitors and the genial "western spirit" makes Waunita Hot Radium Pen Sketch of Waunita Hot Radium Springs. Bright's disease, rheumatism, gout, eczema, stom- ach, kidney, liver, blood and nervous diseases are quiclfly relieved and cured and as the waters con- tain wonderful antiseptic and steriHzing properties, operations that would have been impossible to per- form at any other place are successfully made here. The sanitarium and all patients are under the per- sonal care and supervision of the renowned surgeon and physician, Dr. Chas. Gilbert Davis, of Chicago, 4630 Grand Blvd., who some years ago discovered the value and importance of the Waunita hot radium water to the medical science, and who has spent Springs a place that more and more is recognized as one of the most desirable, and is liberally fre- quented by the weak and ill as well as the strong and healthful. Waunita is located twenty-five miles east of Gun- nison and eight miles from Doyle, a station on the "Marshall Pass Line" of the Denver and Rio Grande railway. Excellent auto roads, traversing a district of superb- mountain scenery, near to the springs from various points and it is the principal recreation and pleasure and health resort of Gunni- son County. The Prospedor, the Miner and the Mining Business By a. p. Nelson. SONGS HAVE BEEN SUNG and praises sounded to the heroes of the battlefield, the sea and the air ; columns have been written in honor of the champions of the football field, the fistic arena and the baseball diamond ; inventors and explorers have received honors and laurel wreaths, but how seldom has the prospector, the pioneer of civilization, received a word of praise, a recogni- tion of his perseverance, his daring and his deeds. Among the snowclad mountains of the frozen North, under the burning sun of the tropics, in the wilderness of the untrod and unexplored West, in the valleys where death stalks in its most horrid form, in regions where the savage beast is the ruling monarch, in every land, in every clime we find the hardy and adventurous prospector hewing a path for civilization and discovering new wealth, new riches, new' metals and new fields of endeavor. The prospector is the one who lays the founda- tion for new cities, new industries and new modes of living. Without the prospector and without mining we would still be killing the wild animal with the stone sledge and devouring its flesh, sans kettle or cooking, by tearing it to bits with our clawlike hands ; we would have no knives, forks or spoons, nor would w'e have the modern conveniences in kitchen or workshop ; our conveyances would not be the steel railroad cars, the automobile or the fly- ing machine, but the only means of transp>ortation would be the unpretentious "drag", or the more pre- tentious wooden wheeled cart, speeding on at a snail's pace along the rough and unbroken roads drawn by the oxen or the horse ; the office would not be equipped with the rapid calculating and computing machine, the typewriter or even the foun- tain pen, but the sole equipment would be the pointed stick dipped in the murky solution of some colored liquid and instead of the fancy stationery of today, prepared in the mighty factories where the complex and intricate machinery, made from the product of the miner, performs its miraculous mis- sion, we would have the papyrus, the parchment or the bark of the trees. Imagine the world of today trying to exist with- out metals, without mining, without the results and products of the hardy prospector and his followers, the miner, the inventor, the mechanic and the manu- facturer. Discard the electric motor, the generator and the thousands of accessories together with the copper wire that carries the mystic power from shore to shore; discard the modern greyhound of the ocean and place in its stead the bark canoe or the hollowed log boat ; come back to the pine torch and the tallow dip instead of the modern methods of lighting our homes and our streets ; throw away the steel plow, disc harrow, the reaper, njower, binder and hundreds of tools and implemetits on ranch and farm and put in their stead the Wooden plow, spade, flail and other primitive tools used before the advent of the prospector, the miner, the iron, steel and other metals, and tell us if the "good old times" or the days of today are the bettei". From rising in the morning from out your finely polished brass bed, with its soothing springs, and turning the flowing water into the marble or enam- eled metal basin ; eliminating your stubby beard with the safety razor, and turning the brass knob of the door, swinging on its burnished hinges, to enter the dining room brilliant with its shiny table- ware and utensils ; go to your daily task in office, factory or store and let your mind dwell on the thought of the prospector and the miner, every time your eye meets a product of these men or your hand touches a tool or implement made from the result of their labor, and when evening comes condemn, if you can, the prospector, the miner or the mining business. We are not here attempting to glorify any cer- tain mining project, nor to influence anyone to in- vest in any special mining enterprise, but we desire in the most emphatic words possible to assert that without mining,~'without" the prospector and the miner, this world of ours would be a most dreary and desolate place of habitation, and at the same time, and in as emphatic language, with pride and exultation express our adoration, our respect and heartfelt appreciation for the elevation of mankind, the improved condition of living and the wonderful progress and advancement in every walk of Hfe, due to the perseverance, bravery and efforts of the pros- pector and the miner, and on their brow place the laurel wreath of victory and achievement and for the minin^j business 'our highest regard and estima- tion. Mining in Gunnison County By Senator John F. Pearson, Pitkin, Colo. TFIE WRITER has been actively engaged in mining and prospecting in Gunnison County since May 1879. When I was a ycwng man attending school in Iowa, I read many articles, papers and magazines telling of the wonderful dis- coveries of mineral in Leadville and other places in Colorado, and I crossed the plains by team, and immediately after reaching the State, began to pros- pect ; first around Pike's Peak and from there to Leadville, then the greatest mining camp probably that the world has ever known. After spending a few weeks in Leadville I drifted with the overflow from that place with other prospectors to the Gun- nison country, crqssing Cottonwood Pass the latter part of May where we were corripelled to build a tunnel 90 feet long in snow large enough to enable us to take our teams and wagons through, letting the wagons down the mountain 700 feet by hand where we struck the valley below'. The first place we stopped in Gunnison County was at the town of Hillerton, two miles below what is now known as the town of Tin Gup. There was a number of people there at this time prospecting, the Gold Cup mine and Tin Cup mine having recently been dis- covered, which caused some excitement. We also found a number of placer miners and prospectors working in Union and Taylor Parks and also at the mouth of Lottis Creek. We learned that these gulches had been mined for a number of years dur- ing the summer season by prospectors from the out- side towtis. From Hillerton we went to the Elk Mountains, or Washington Gulch, near the present town of Crested Butte. There we found, as at Hillerton, some excitement and also placer diggings which had been worked no doubt for a number of years before. The Augusta mine was discovered about this time and prospectors were turning their attention to lead mining. Irwin, Schofield, Crystal and a number of other places in that end of the county received their share of the prospectors. Leaving Washington Gulch we passed through the town of Gunnison, then a place with only three or four houses and one small store. At this place we heard of a mining district where a town was located called Quartzville, now the town of Pitkin, where we found quite an excitement in lead mining and possibly 40 or 50 prospectors at work. The Fairview, Red Jacket and the Iron Cap mines had been dis- covered and a shipment of ore had been made to Leadville with burrows which returned good values. Later in the season the Silver. Islet and Silver Age mines were discovered ; there were possibly 50 men wintered in and around what is now known as the town of Pitkin during the winter of 1879. In most every gulch in this district, as well as at White Pine, a little farther east, we found evidences of placer works. Later on in 1880 We became ac- quainted with Alexander Houseman who informed me that he had prospected for placer gold in what is known as the German Flats and in Ohio Creek ( now known as Gold Creek) in i860 and 1861, and according to the census taken at that time there were in the different gulches in this locality about 2,500 people. He (Houseman) left Colorado and went East early in the 6o's and hearing of the dis- covery of mineral lead mining in this locality in 1880 came back from Pennsylvania to this place with the belief that there would be opened up a good gold mining district where these placers had been w'orked out in an earlier day. Gunnison County then embraced the territory that is now covered by Gunnison, Delta, Montrose, Mesa, part of Garfield and Pitkin counties. The prospectors and placer miners who came to this district in i860 and 1861 came from what was then known as Cali- fornia Gulch where the present camp of Leadville is located, and from which so many millions of dollars have been produced. The writer, believing that there must be some source from which the placer gold of German Flats came, located a number of claims in that locality and in later years was the discoverer of the Sacra- mento mine, which has produced about $500,000, and later on promoted the scheme of building the Gold Links Tunnel which enters the mountain from Gold Creek running under the German Flats at a great depth, and which has proven the fact that there are large bodies of gold ores from which large amounts of gold have been mined. There are at least one-half dozen camps in Gunnison County where such mining could be done with probably as good results or better than obtained by the Gold Links tunnel. Gunnison County has gold, silver, lead, copper, manganese of iron, iron, fire clay, graphite, bismuth, and in fact most every kind of mineral produced in Colorado. Late last fall about the time that the snow began to come molybdenum and tungsten fhubnerite) Were discovered above the town of Pitkin, and no doubt there will be a large produc- tion of these metals in that district this year. Gun- nison County has coal in abundance with coking and anthracite from the mines of which millions of tons have been shipped in the last thirty years. At or near the town of Marble, Colorado, one of the largest marble quarries of the world has been opened up and from which the Federal building in Denver has been built and also the Colorado Museum. The granite for the State Capitol was mined and shipped from Gunnison County, '^""lere is probably no other county in the state tbat affords greater inducements and encouragement for the prospector than this, and no doubt in years to come tnany new and more valuable discoveries will be made than has thus far been found. Metals and Minerals of Gunnison County By A. P. Nelson, THE following is a summary of the various metals and minerals, arranged in alphabetical order, that, according to authentic informa- tion, have to date been discovered in Gunnison County : Aluminum Found in paying quantity in clay deposits ten miles east of Gunnison and near Parlin. Also in sedimentary region around Tomichi Mountain and in mines near Bower- tnan. Present in appreciable quantity in the gangue tnatter in various mines of the county. Antimonv ^ large deposit, containing over 30 per cent antimony recently dis- covered near Dubois. Steps are being taken to work the deposit on a large scale. Also imbedded in fhe veins of the mines in the Gold Creek section, although its presence is considered a disadvantage. The mineral is mainly found in a clay-like composi- tion and is easily worked. Bismuth Found in connection with silver-lead ore in "various sections of the county. Only in a few instances has the ore contained enough of the mineral to be of commercial value and no actual production has to date been recorded, although with suitable separation process the values may be saved. Coal (Anthracite). . The main body of anthra- cite coal is in the Crested Butte district, but Anthracite, Irwin and Floresta are also important shipping points for the coal mined in the districts surrounding these towns. The coal depwsits extend westward along the Anthracite Creek, North Fork, and Coal Creek, which districts are worked from Somerset. The Anthracite coal in Gunnison County is equal if not superior in quality to the Pennsyl- vania product and only the disadvantage in shipping facilities keeps it from a broader market. Coal (Bituminous). The semi-bituminous area comprises about 500 square miles in the vicinity of Baldwin and Kubler although the field extends also up along Crystal River and on the North Fork of the Gunnison River. The coal is recognized as a most excellent product and the demand and the market is only restricted by the distance and the cost of shipping. Coal (Coking.) The deposits of coking coal are mainly in the vicinity of Crested Butte, and on Coal Creek. The product is generally con- ceded to be of better quality than is found at any other place in the country and but for the disad- vantage in freight facilities it would be a competitor in the Eastern markets. Cebollite ^ mineral, as its name implies, pecu- har to Gunnison County and is found on Beaver Creek near Cebolla. Its commercial quantity or use has not been determined. CoDver ^^^ largest copper area is in the vicin- " ity of Vulcan, where immense deposits are proven at a depth of 700 feet. Apyritic smelter is in operation at Vulcan giving good results. The area extends for many miles toward Spencer where several good mines are being opened up. A large percentage of gold fs contained in the ore. Copper is also found in various other mines of the several districts of the County. Fire Clav ^^ excellent quality of fife clay is found in a large deposit in the vicin- ity of Gunnison, also near Parlin and at several other points in the county. Gold Cold is, in the view of value, the predomi- nant metal in every mining district of the county. Is associated with the silver and copper ores and also in placers around Tin Cup and in Taylor Park. Gold in native state is mined in the Gold Belt south of Gunnison and in the Box Canyon and Quartz Creek districts, also in the Tin Cup and Elk Mountain -districts. It usually occurs in the quartz veins in the granite, although a rich gold deposit in schist has been found near Bowermap. It can safely be claimed that no matter where a mine is started " in Gunnison County gold in com- mercial quantity will be found. Graohite ^^'^^ deposits of graphite are found " in the Italian Mountain section and also in the vicinity of Pitkin. Little effort has so far been made to bring out the product, but steps are pow being taken to open up the graphite mines of the county. Granite "Gunnison County Granite" is a syno- nyrh of superiority and the quarries in the vicinity of Aberdeen supplied the material for the State Capitol at Denver and has been used in many other of the prominent buildings of that and other cities on the western slope. No better gran-_ ite is found anywhere in the world. Iron (Hematite). The day will pome when the iron deposits of Gunnison County will supply the needs of the United States. .The Iron Moun- tains in the vicinity of Powderhorn are inexhausti- ble, of good quality, and can easily be accessible.- Large dejxysits of iron have also been opened up near White Pine, in the vicinity of Pitkin, and Tin Cup, also north of ' Dorchester and at Crystal. Iron (Magnetic). The White Pine deposits are mainly magnetic iron, and tests have proven the ore to be equal to, if not excelling the famous Bessemer and Lake Superior products. At Cross Mountain and Taylor Park are also valuable depos-' its of iron ores. METALS AND MINERALS 49 Lead ^^ ^^^ various Lime Belts of Gunnison County, notably around Pitkin and White Pine in the Elk Mountain and Rock Creek districts, has lead been mined in paying quantities. In every instance has the ore been found in conjunction with silver and gold and the combination has been to advantage in the treatment of the various ores. The saving of the lead product has, with the improved treatment processes, been materially increased and the profit from the lead contained in the many silver and gold mines makes a distinct reason for opening up many mines that up to this time have been considered unprofitable. Limestone ■^^ important factor in the treat- ment of the iron ores is the fre- quent occurrence of limestone deposits within the county and while up to date no efforts have been made to commercialize the lime industry, it is, how- ever, assured to become an important factor not only by itself but particularly in connection with the iron industry which is sure to become a dominating factor in Gunnison County in the near future. Manganese Manganese in the purest state found anywhere in the world has recently been discovered in various parts of the county. The largest area of manganese is, however, to be found in the territory around Powderhorn and good deposits have been opened up near Gate View, Cebolla, and in general along the Lake Fork and Sapmero Creek. Also in the vicinity of Doyleville and in various other parts of the county. Marble ^'^ describe the marble beds and marble industry of Gunnison County it can be summed up in the statement that it is the greatest, in fact greater than that of all other deposits of the world combined. The deposit on the Yule Creek of pure white marble, where the town of Marble is located, is far greater and of better quality than the Vermont or Italian product. Marble from these quarries was used in the erection of the Lincoln Memorial Monument at Washington, the greatest marble structure in the world, and in the construc- tion of many of the most important buildings in every city of the United States. Marble in a won- derful variety of beautiful colors, ranging in shades from pure white to coal black, including shades and tones in every conceivable color from delicately tinted blues, olive, emerald and grass green, "Bird's eyes" as in maple, and tints and colors impossible to describe, are found in extensive beds in the vicinity of Pitkin and also in a certain section along Yule Creek. These marbles are fine grained and susceptible of the highest polish. It is only a won- der that these marble beds have not long ago been opened up and the product widely marketed. Molybdenum Among the new' and rarer met- als which most recently have found an important place in manufacture is molyb- denum and, as records to date have indicated, Gunnison County contains more molybdenum than the entire United States combined can produce. The molybdenum belt is mainly along the mountain range north of Fairview Mountain, beginning a few miles north of Pitkin and extending in a westerly direction towards the Fossil Ridge and Elk Moun- tains. The molybdenum deposits seem to follow the same trend as the "Tungsten Belt" and hubnerite and molybdenite are often found in the same veins. These two minerals will, in the years to come, form the basis of great activity and prosper- ity to the town of Pitkin and the section along the "Belt" Nickel This metal has been found only in a few instances, although it may largely be due to the fact that prospectors as well as miners are but little familiar with the nickel ores. The most recent discovery of nickel was in the Copper Moun- tain Tunnel, near Pitkin. Octahedrite ^ '^^'"^ mineral found along the Beaver Creek which to date has been but little recognized and the scientists have not so far been able to give it any special place or use in the world of industry or commerce. It is peculiarly a Gunnison County product. Oil Shale '^^^ valleys along Ohio Creek .and East River, north of Gunnison, and probably the entire Gunnison Valley, is underlaid with a blanket of oil shale, which with proper treat- ment would yield a good grade of illuminating oil and lubricant, as well as a combustive material equal to gasoline. The time will no doubt come when these shale beds will be extensively worked and be made to bring out its at present time valuable ingre- dients. Some years past, drilling for oil was tried, but while the cores showed deep layers of "shale" containing a large percentage of oil matter, it was not in "flowing" quantity but retained in the shale. Onvx Certain parts of the marble beds north of Pitkin are of the Onyx variety and the composition of the rocks have proven to be of such excellent luster, hardness and colors to class it with the most exquisite of the Mexican onyx. The deposits have but recently been opened up, but every indication points to the fact that eventually the Onyx beds in this section will become of great importance. Paint Pis'ment •'■'^ various parts of the coun- ty the mineral stains have produced deposits of paint pigments in various hues and, in some instances, deposits that can be classed as commercially profitable have been found. So far but little attention has been given to this branch of mining but time will come when the world will require the use of these deposits and the miners will cease throwing them "over the dump" Perovskite A.nother mystery of Gunnison Coim- ty which is found along Beaver Creek. The substance is yet in its embryo as far as value and use is concerned. Platinum ^" ^^^ placer deposits of Taylor Park, platinum is said to have peen found some years ago, but as these deposits have not been 50 GUNNISON COUNTY worked in recent years, no specific data regarding this metal is at present available. Sandstone Gunnison County has immense de- posits of the finest and best grade of sandstone for building purposes, but the costly freight charges and long distances to commercial centers have prevented any special attempts of open- up the deposits. Silver ^^^ "white metal" is most predominating of all the metals in Gunnison County and just as Colorado has been termed the "Silver State", so Gunnison County can with good reason be classed as a "Silver County." To specify the sections of the county where silver is found it would be best described by stating that it is found everywhere, anywhere, and without end. Up to the time of the dethronement of silver in 1893, Gunnison County was humming with life and activity and in every gulch and on every mountain the silver miner was busy and enjoyed enviable prosperity. But, when silver "slumped" tlie mines all closed down and adopted the "watchful waiting" policy, hoping that the metal again would "come into its own" and even though all the silver mines could, even at the prices prevailing in these years, have been worked profitably, still the miners and mining companies waited for better prices. With silver at some stand- ard price the mines would at once become active and prosperity to the county and to the miners would be as in the days of the "silver age." Slate I-^cposits of the very finest of roofing slate, covering hundreds of acres, have been opened up on Yule Creek, but the lack of proximate markets and the lack of inducing shipping facili- ties have prevented any effort to commercialize the product, although time will eventually demand its use. Strontianite One of the rarer minerals first discovered in the Copper Moun- tain Tunnel south of Pitkin. The limited demand and difficulty of its treatment has retarded the effort of further discoveries, although it is assured that the mineral prevails in other sections of the county. Tunesten "^'^^ most sought for and the most valuable of the rarer minerals and which in the recent years has become indispensable in the steel industry is found in a very extensive area a few' miles north of Pitkin. The ore is the hubnerite variety and is imbedded in quartz veins in the granite formation. It is easily treated and while the discovery only dates back to the present year, still the activity of the prospectors has been such that the future ,a:reatness of Pitkin as a "Tuno-sten Town" is already assured. Differing from the Boulder district, which is owned by laroje eastern corporations, the Pitkin area is practically a heretofore untouched territory and the poor man and the individual prospector can here "stake his claim" and "make his stake" unhampered by the dominating powers of the capitalists and can mar- ket his product wherever the demand carries with it the highest price. That tungsten, as some take delight in predicting, will not have a stable demand and a place in the world of manufacture to the end of time is merely exhibiting a gross degree of ignor- ance, because, regardless of international conditions, of war or peace, tungsten will be and is even today recognized as a metal "first in war, first in peace, and first in the thought of every prospector, mining man and steel manufacturer". An excellent grade of tungsten, in form of scheelite, occurring in the brown or "Aberdeen" granite, has recently been discovered near Spencer, and while up to the time of the publication of this booklet the extent of the scheelite area has not been determined, still it is reasonable to presume that other deposits than the ore just opened up will be discovered. Therefore it is with a certain pride the publisher announces Gunnison County as a profitable producer of tung- sten, the most recent of the important of world metals, and the latest love of the otherwise often' unaffectionate prospector. ^inc What has been said about the several other metals found in Gunnison County could be repeated about the zinc, and while zinc is found associated with lead and silver in practically every mining district of the county, and while in days past the miner was "penalized" in pro rata to the presence of zinc in the ores, the up to date treat- ments have changed the conditions and the zinc today brings its full value no matter where and how it is found. The greatest freak of nature, how- ever, is unquestionably the immense deposit of zinc carbonate opened up at the Doctor Mine, twenty miles northeast of Almont, which mine bids fair to stand out in mining history as the greatest bonanza in this kind of ore. Another important zinc deposit is being worked at Forest Hill, some distance north of the "Doctor Mine" and the section surrounding these properties will undoubtedly yield up manv valuable deposits in the years to come. Some gold, silver and copper values are also contained in this ore. There is a rich zinc territory a short distance northeast of Pitkin which has good prospects of future greatness and prominence. Other Metals Undoubtedly all has not been said about the metals and min- erals found and that may be discovered in the County of Gunnison, but the variety, value and extent of those here named are sufficient to permit Gunnison County to claim the title of the richest mineral section of the United States, which title has been bestowed upon it by the best mining: experts and geologists. While it is freely admitted that the enormous extent and the great mineral variety' is far in excess of the promoting capital of the countv. still, if the monied East was fully conver- sant with the resources and possibilities of Gunni- son County, a co-operation of the two would, no doubt, be possible to accomplish and prove to be to mutual satisfaction and to financial benefit for all concerned. Mining Distrids, Producing Mines and Prospedive Properties By a. p. Nelson. IN DESCRIBING the mining districts and the mining activity in Gunnison County it becomes necess.ary to place a centerstake at the town of Gunnison which is the "hub" of the industry, as well as of the county, and the various districts can best be reached by following the roads and trails up along the numerous gulches, through which the various streams and creeks come rushing down and as tributaries to the Gunnison River all reach this majestic stream in the close vicinity of the town of Gunnison. MINES OF ALMONT AND TAYLOR RIVER. Leaving Gunnison and following the East River about 12 miles northwest we reach Almont, a well known fishing resort and mining camp, at which point the Taylor River flows intO' the East River. group of mines. The principal drawback to these properties and to the section in general has been the lack of roads and difficulty in transporting the ores to the shipping point at Almont, but with this problem solved the Forest Hill group as well as other mines in the vicinity will have an assured and promising future. Relative to the Gunnison Min- ing Company, detail information was to be con- tributed by interested parties, but, just as in regard to the Doctor Mine, both being close corporations, the desired information was not given. MINES OF CRESTED BUTTE AND VICINITY. From Almont to Jack's Cabin only a few' mining properties have been opened up, although the sec- tion contains favorable formations for ore deposits Coke Ovens of the C. F. & I. Co., Crested Butte. About 20 miles up along the Taylor River is the now famous "Doctor Mine" which is deserving not only special mention, but a special chapter, as it is one of Nature's most surprising and unheard of deposits of zinc carbonate. A detailed descrip- tion of the mine was to be furnished by parties interested in the property, but, failing to receive same, we will have to be content by stating that it is a mine which already has brought its owners excellent returns, and as the deposit of ore appears to be inexhaustible, the wealth that will come from the mine will rank among the millions. For several miles above the Doctor Mines in a northeasterly direction the developments have proven that deposits of zinc ore occur at frequent intervals and at Forest Hill the ' Gunnison Mining Company is operating the well known Forest Hill and the Glazier Mining Company is developing a group of mines a short distance northeast of Jack'.s Cabin. At Crested Butte the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company is operating the largest coal mines in the state and the product is rated as the best in the market. Hundreds of men are employed in these mines, and at the coke ovens, and almost the entire population of Crested Butte is in one way or the other connected with this industry. The output of coal in Gunnison County during the year 1915 was 440,964 tons. Immediately north of Crested Butte is the famous Washington Gulch, which in the early 8o's was recognized as a rich mineral section and many good mines and promising prospects have ^ince then been, discovered. But, with the fall of silver in 1893 many of them were closed down, although under 52 GUNNISON COUNTY the present day conditions and with modern meth- ods of mining and milling all of them are well worthy of attention. One feature in this section, as well as in every part of the county is that the orig- inal locators and owners, who were old men when they acquired possession of the property about a quarter of a century ago, have since died and the properties are now in the hands of heirs and admin- istrators who appear to be not in position to operate the mines. Some are idle and many excellent mines can be secured by writing to A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado, the publisher of this booklet, who has secured option on many of the mines in various parts of the county, and who can give authentic repwrts and information. In this section, comprising the Elk Mountain mining district is the at one time famous Augusta Mine, which produced considerable wealth in early days and which at present is owned by New York parties who for some years past have let the prop- erty lie idle. Other mines and mining properties are : THE DRECKSHAGE MINING & TUNNEL COMPANY, which has taken over the holding of the former Elk Mountain Mines & Tunnel Com- pany above Gothic, are developing these mines in a thorough and systematical manner through a tunnel which will cut the big veins of Queen Basin at great depth. A water power plant which develops 185 horsepower is used in the work. The principal stockholders as well as the officers and directors of the company are residents of St. Louis, Mo., and Highland Park, 111. GOTHIC MINING & SMELTING COMPANY, controlled by Chicago capitalists, own a number of valuable claims, on which thorough and systemati- cal development have been made and rich ore has been disclosed. ETHEL GOLD MINING COMPANY owns the well known "Jim John" which is located 15 mjles from Crested Butte. The formation, as in most mines in this vicinity, is blue limestone and trachyte which at this mine is cut at right angles by a dyke of lime, spar and porphyry — the ideal formation for lead-silver ore. The ore body, which traverses the entire length of the property, is a steel galena which at the bottom of the 4S-foot shaft is about three feet in width. A tunnel has been run 155 feet to cut the ore body at 150- foot depth, but there is opportunity for another tunnel which will open up the vein at a depth of about 2,000 feet. The ore contains about 40 per cent lead, 60 ounces silver, with about $6 per ton in gold. The property is close to the well known Augusta Mine, from which upwards of $2,000,000 in values has been mined. The owners not being in position to operate the mine, desire to dispose of the property, and full details, terms of sale, etc., can be had by addressing A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado. THE CASCADE MOUNTAIN MINING COM- PANY holds title to the Bie: Strike, Bie Elephant and Beaconsfield Mining Claims in the Elk Moun- tain District and these claims are considered to be among the very best in the district. Considerable work has been done on the property and some excellent ore has been opened up. The main owner of the mines, a resident of New York, died some time ago and at present no work is being done and the executors of the estate desire to dispwse of the property. Negotiations can be made by writing to A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado. A patented claim of 20 acres of mineral land known as the "Isetta No. 2" is located in the Elk Mountain district, near Gothic. Tunnel runs to vein and assays show good values in gold, silver, lead, etc. Adjoins the "Jim Blaine" mine. Clear h-.. ne . Pack Train, Bound for the Mountains. title. For sale or would consider working same on royalty. Address Walter W. Marrs, Burlington, New Jersey. GREAT WESTERN MINING COMPANY, with headquarters at Youngstown, Ohio, owning the famous Lead King group of mines, are devel- oping the excellent property and good production is assured. GREGOR GOLD MINING, LEASING & MILLING COMPANY, a Colorado corporation by Denver parties, which controls some very good property. MONARCH MINING COMPANY, possessors of some of the most valuable property in the entire district, with headquarters at Gunnison, and if pres- ent plans are carried out will soon rank among, the most successful mines of the county. PAINTER BOY MINING COMPANY, is con- MINES AND PROPERTIES 53 trolled by Pueblo parties, but as desired informa- tion could not be secured can only say that the company owns ten claims, which, according to reports are very promising. ADAMS PROSPECTING COMPANY, owning property in the Elk Mountain and Rock Creek District, is an organization of local men, with head- quarters at Crystal. MINES OF ROCK CREEK AND RUBY DISTRICTS. In the Rock Creek and Ruby Mining Districts are some of the best mining properties of northern Gunnison County, which as is the case with many others are held by Eastern persons and companies and by reason of the low prices on silver and other metals, they have shut down the mines, and many of these properties are for sale or lease and mining men who desire to become interested in some of these mines will find it to their interest in writing to A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado, who has several of these mines and properties for disposal. Among the promising and partly developed claims in this . section are the Extension, Anna, Iron Hand, Wayfarer, Garfield, Black Hawk, Diadem, and Yelm Lodes. Also the Oriental, Ori- ole, and "Sterling Group", the latter composed of seven patented claims on which considerable "work was done some few' years ago, but since the death of the owner the holders of the estate have let the prop8rty lie idle and as it can be secured at low figures and on easy terms we believe that here is an excellent opportunity for a progressive mining man or company. THE MEADOW MOUNTAIN MINING COM- PANY, with which is also affiliated the United Copper Mines Company, owned and controlled by Eastern parties, hold title to about fourteen pat- ented claims, on which a great deal of development work has been done and many good veins and ore bodies opened up. The values are in gold, silver, lead and zinc. The property is equipped with good buildings and machinery, but as is the case with the Sterling Group, the owners are not in position to handle it and a favorable arrangement on a cash basis, or bond and lease, can be entered into and mining men who may desire further information can receive same by addressing A. P Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado. Two placer claims in this section, the "Grunboro" and the "Black Marble" are considered to possess exceptional merit, but as the owners not being resi- dents of this part of the country and not being min- ing men. they prefer to dispose of same and all information as to price and terms can be had by addressing A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado. Other mines, mining companies, and properties in the Rock Creek district are : Bear Mountain' Mining: Co. ; Billv Bryan Mines ; Black Diamond Mines : Black Eagle Cons. Mining Co. ; Black Queen Minine Co. ; Crystal River Min- ing Co. ; Furniture Bov Mine ; Moodv Cons. Min- ing Co. ; Orphan Boy Mining Co. ; Venture Colo- rado Copper & Smelting Co.; Wichita Smelter & Mining Co. Sheep Mountain Tunnel & Mining Co., besides a large number of claims under develop- ment by individual parties. T'he Ruby mining district possesses some very promising mines and prospects and the production from some of the mines is a record that ought to be an inspiration for men and capital to push the developments in their properties with all speed and determination. THE FOREST QUEEN MINING COMPANY is one of the best and foremost of the miries in the Ruby district, their nearest shipping point being Irwin, on the D. & R. G. railway. The property consists of the Forest Queen, Forest King Nos. i and 2, the Ruby King and Republic Lodes. The company also owns several buildings and town lots in Irwin, where the offices of the company are located and from which point the operations will be directed. The company also owns a valuable water right which will develop all required power for mining and milling. The development consists of two shafts, both of which are well equipped with splendid machinery and a tunnel is now in the course of construction which will tap the veins at depth.- The production from these mines to date aggregate about a million dollars. Extensive devel- opments including the construction of an up-to-date mill is planned and the intention of the owner a capitalist of California, is to make this one of the most active mines in the county. THE RUBY CHIEF GROUP OF MINES is another of the coming mines and while at present no work is in progress it is planned to push the operation in conjunction with the above mentioned Forest Queen mine, both being owned bv the same party. The developments on the Ruby Chief group at present consist of a tunnel from which consider- able ore has been mined and which is expected to be extended through the entire group of eleven claims, and which will cut at considerable depth the several excellent veins found on the property. A shaft was originally sunk to a depth of 295- feet and considerable drifting was done and' several veins and good ore shoots opened up. The pg.st production of these mines is a guarantee that with the systematical development planned a satisfactory result will be obtained. THE TAYLOR MINE, composed of the Taylor. Teller, Grace and May Bird lodes, located three miles from the town of Irwin, is owned by Iowa and California parties, and up to recent time, con- siderable work was done and some very high grade ore treated. However, the low prices on metals and the general depression in the mining business caused a suspension of activities. The property is well situated and with proper management should develop into a well paying proposition. The values of the ore is mainly in silver but also contains from one to five ounces in gold per ton, and assays of select ore have shown a total value of as high as 54 GUNNISON COUNTY $2,000 per ton. Present developments consist of a crosscut tunnel of 250 feet, which at 150- foot addi- tional distance will tap the main vein at consider- able depth. Further information regarding the property will be furnished by A. P. Nelson, Pitkin, Colorado. LITTLE CROWN is a mining claim in the Ruby district, owned by a Mr. M. O. Berg of Seattle, Washington, on which considerable work has been done and from the Ruby Silver shaft on the claim some high grade ore was shipped. When the shaft reached water level the work was, on account of insufficient machinery for pumping, stopped. The values are mainly in silver and from five to eighteen inches of the four-foot vein con- tains up to 150 ounces in silver per ton. The shaft is down 40 feet and the values are increasing with depth. The Little Crown is located three miles from the Irwin switch on the Ruby branch of the D. & R. G. railway, and is considered a choice property. Detail information regarding same will be furnished by C. N. Shaw, Gunnison, Colorado. The Ruby district contains many other valuable properties and while good ore has in many instances been found at the "grass roots" still it is a section that requires deep mining and while it will take VULCAN MINES & SMELTER COMPANY. After years of idleness the old camp of Vulcan, situated in the Domingo district, thirteen miles south of lola, has been rejuvenated by the Vulcan Mines & Smelter Company, a Colorado corpora- tion, which consolidated the Good Hope, Mammoth Chimney and Vulcan groups of mines, and with C. H. Mace, a graduate mining engineer from the University of California, in charge of operations, are making excellent progress. The new company is unwatering the properties through the Good Hope shaft, 700 feet deep, and later on the shaft will be sunk deeper. In the early days $400,000 in gold and silver was produced from above the fifth level, and the ore shoot is now to be opened on the 7th level. The mine water contains copper, leached from the old stopes and is being recovered by precipitation on scrap iron in a long system of sluices, towers and tanks. An extraction of 87 per cent is being made. A matte smelter of 40 tons daily capacity has just been completed to smelt the immense sulphide and quartz dumps, a copper matte containing high gold and silver values being the shipping product. The ore is high in sulphur, requiring but a small amount of coke, and a good limestone quarry has Smelter of the Vulcan Mines & Smelting Company some capital for the required development, still the richness of the ores, the strength of the veins and the conditions and facilities for operation are factors in its favor which will aid in making this section one of the best mining districts in the county. MINES AT VULCAN AND SPENCER. In going south from Gunnison to lola we reach the section generally regarded as a Gold belt, but, especially at Vulcan, has proven to be a copper district which for many years to come will yield a large tonnage of the red metal, at the same time as the ore contains an appreciable amount of gold and other metals. The principal mines of the Domingo mining district at Vulcan are the Good Hope, Mammoth Chimney and Vulcan, which properties for a number of years have been closed but which now are operated combinedly by the Vulcan Mines & Smelting Company of which the following detail information is furnished by the company: been developed two and a half miles from the smelter, so all ingredients necessary for pyritic smelting are present. The operations of this com- pany plainly show that Gunnison County has a copper belt, although in the past this section was prospected solely for gold. In the near vicinity of Vulcan are several other properties which, while but. little developed, show unmistakable signs of future imp>ortance, the only hindrance in the way for their progress up to pres- ent time being lack of required development funds. Across the hills westward from Vulcan is the town of Spencer, lying in a basin and the moun- tains all around are filled with mineral, the values being mainly in gold^ silver and copper. The. most promising prospects and paying mines in the Spen- cer district are the following : THE O. D. MINING COMPANY. Property is on Willow Creek just east of Spencer and three miles from Vulcan, its nearest smelting point. Prop- MINES AND PROPERTIES 55 erty consists of four lode claims 600x1,500 feet each, development work consists of 250 feet of tun- nel and a 100-foot shaft, equipped with a horse whim. Ore body where exposed is large and car- ries values in gold, silver and copper in paying quantities. Property has an abundance of good mining timber. THE COPPER KING MINING COMPANY. Property is located one mile northwest of the O. D. property and is owned by Eastern parties. It con- sists of four lode claims with large fissure vein running through the entire property. The vein runs well in copper, gold and silver, its ore being a sulphide; is adopted to the new flotation process which makes a high grade concentrate. Arrange- ments are now being made to install such a plant. Both of these properties are being worked under the management of L. E. Neale of lola, Colorado. The Iron Cap mine adjoins the Copper King on the west. Is equipped with up-to-date machinery both at mine and mill and has a large body of ore which carried good values in gold, silver and copper. Property is managed by J. D. Miller of Gunnison, Colorado. Just west is the Anaconda, owned and managed by Joe Reiss, lola, Colorado. This property prom- ises to be one of the largest and best mines in Colorado, having paid dividends from the very grass roots. It has an immense body of high grade ore which carries gold, silver, copper and zinc. THE HEAD LIGHT MINE is west of the Ana- conda and from all indications will develop into a great mine. It has modern machinery and a large body of ore. It is worked by Eastern parties. Other properties of importance are: The Old Lot mine ; the Gunnison mine ; Standard ; Chance ; Boston ; Florence ; Ute Trail, and a number of other claims and individual properties. Arrangements are being made for a large custom power plant on the Cebolla River to supply the entire district with electric power. At present, coal is being used and halued from lola by wagon and auto trucks. The countrv in general, though moun- tainous, is not rough, and automobile travel is possi- ble in all parts of the district. A discovery of a large vein of exceedingly rich tungsten ore, in the form of scheelite about three miles from Spencer has drawn the attention of the prospectors for this rare mineral to this section and it is predicted that many more discoveries of this valuable ore will soon be made. The vein occurred in the brown, or Aberdeen granite and its finding was as much of a surprise to the discoverer as to all the mining fraternity, and emphasizes the mean- ingful and oft-times quoted expression, "Ore is where you find it." The section south of Spencer and in the vicinity of Powderhorn is mainly an iron and manganese district and at the latter place is a mountain chain covering an area of over 800 acres which is practi- cally composed of solid iron and manganese, but the distance from railroad and other disadvantages have so far prevented any operation. Near Gate View another deposit of exceedingly rich mangan- ese ore is being developed and at Cebolla a large vein of high grade manganese has been opened up. The entire mountain range between Gate View and Sapinero is traversed with dykes of iron and man- ganese and between Gate View and Powderhorn is a rich mineral district which so far has been but little prospected. At Dubois, in the Goose Creek district, the Dubois Tunnel & Mining Company, promoted by Iowa men, own some very good property, and at Carpenter Hill in the White Earth district the Car- penter group of mines own a group of claims which have been but partly developed, but which look very promising. MINES IN THE VICINITY OF CHANCE AND IRIS. In the Cochetopa district, east of Gunnison, have some unusually rich mines been discovered, although the entire section seems to have had the misfortune of litigation, poor management, and difficulties of various kinds, which have caused otherwise good properties to fall into disrepute, and the progress and success they were destined to attain has so far failed to materialize. THE MAPLE LEAF GOLD MINING COM- PANY is one of the principal mines in the Cochetopa district. The property has produced some exceedingly rich ore and in all, about $300,000 in gold has been extracted, principally by leasers, at a good profit. The property is equipped with a good plant of machinery, mill, etc., and will no doubt soon be heard from in the active and profit- making class of mines. THE ALASKA-YUKON MINES is another promising prospect, situated right at the line of Saguache County, but which is a Gunnison County proposition. Large, well defined veins with values mainly in copper and zinc have been opened up. The property is well supplied with buildings and machinery and is in every way equipped for opera- tion. THE MINERAL HILL GROUP, near Iris, is mainly a gold proposition, the values being found in a free milling quartz. The company controls a number of good claims and the developments have proven the veins to be large and continuous, al- though of low grade, averaging around $12 per ton. A mill has been erected on the property which, with some improvements, could be made to produce very satisfactory results. THE GOOD RECORD MINE AND THE PURE GOLD MINING & MILLING CO. are other mines of deserved mention of the Green Mountain district, which can best be reached by road from Parlin, which is the nearest railroad station and shipping point for the district. MINES OF BOWERMAN AND LORRAINE. Going north past the Waunita Hot Radium Springs, at the foot of the Tomichi Dome, we reach the -gold camps of Lorraine and Bowerman in the 56 GUNNISON COUNTY Box Canon district, where in 1903 some of the richest ore ever taken from the earth was discov- ered. Since then a great deal of prospecting has been made and several good properties are under development. THE REDNOUR MINES COMPANY owns some promising mineral land a short distance from the Waunita Hot Radium Springs on which con- siderable development has been done in recent years although so far no actual production has been made. THE WAUNITA-LORRAINE COMPANY is also operating in this vicinity and the recent finding of some very good ore has spurred the owners on to increased activity and from present outlook the prospects are good for the making of a successful mine in the near future. THE INDEPENDENT GOLD MINING COM- PANY controls the original location on which the fabulously rich strike was made, but since control- ling interest in the company was purchased by a well-known Colorado mining man, he caused the work to be closed down and but little development has since then been done on the property. The ore was found in quartz ledges in silver schist and was in pure state, and was deposited in veritable slabs of gold, the ore running towards a hundred thou- sand dollars per ton. The ore was found near the surface and while the ground is soft and easily worked, as stated above, the property has been idle for some years. THE I. X. L. is a mine of similar character and formation as the Independent, and is owned by the Brant Independent Mining Company, which is driv- ing a big crosscut tunnel to open this mine at depth, draining of water and facilitate the opera- tion, enabling the ore to be transported through the tunnel direct to the loading station of the company at the portal of the tunnel on the Quartz Creek side of the Copper Mountain. The I. X. L. is one of the first locations in the district and is considered to be of unusual merit. THE GOLD RIDGE MINE adjoins the I. X. L. and is also owned by the Brant Independent Mining company and will be developed through the tunnel in conjunction with the I. X. L. The Camp Bird mine, belonging to the same company, is also located in this district, but this mine is at present being developed by leasers. THE MAYFLOWER, belonging to Pueblo par- ties, is being actively developed and some good ore has been opened up. THE BERGSTROM, owned by Denver people, is also being worked and has some promising leads of good gold ore. THE NETTED GEM is another promising mine and the veins outcropping on the properties show promise of containing excellent ore at depth. THE GOLDEN FLEECE adjoins the Independ- ent and while the developments have so far not been very extensive, yet the outlook for a good mine is very assuring. THE NAVAJO adjoins the two above named mines and is being developed by means of a tunnel. THE WHITE GROUP is also in this cluster of mines and its Kansas City owner thinks well of the property and is planning its thorough development. THE ABE LINCOLN is one of the more exten- sively developed mines in this section. Several shafts have been sunk, tunnels driven, and consider- able ore has been discovered. It contains gold and silver with considerable copper, and if the required depth is attained, it will undoubtedly develop into a rich mine. THE DEWEY and REED MINES, in the vicinity of the Abe Lincoln and Camp Bird, are prospects of good promise and their owners, who are among the most experienced prospectors and miners in the vicinity are confident of success, as are all others who hold claims in this mining district of the county. MINES IN THE WHITE PINE DISTRICT. Northeast from Bowerman and a short distance from Sargent, a station on the D. & R. G. railway, is White Pine, one of the best and liveliest mining camps in the county. The ore in this section is mainly silver-lead with some gold, copper and zinc. A large deposit of iron ore has also been opened up a short distance northeast of the camp. THE ACRON TUNNEL is the leading mining project at White Pine and controls the Erie, Spar- Copper, May-Mazeppa and North Star mines which have a record of production amounting to over $2,000,000. These mines are now being developed through a tunnel which will tap the various veins at considerable depth and the recent installation of a flotation mill of large capacity, to which treatment the ore is especially adapted, will place the property on a permanent and good paying basis. THE VICTOR MINE is operated under lease by one of the most capable and successful minine; men of the state and his record of the, past and his "nose for ore" is an assurance that White Pine will hold its own in production and the leaser sure to come out a winner. THE PRINCETON MINING & REDUCTION COMPANY, in which Iowa men are the principal stockholders, are making rapid strides towards bringing their property on a dividend paying basis and a conservative and careful management of the affairs is an added assurance that investors in this enterprise will soon receive handsome rewards for their faith in the property. They have considerable ore already taken out. THE WEST POINT, DENVER CITY, SIL- VER STAR, DAVID H., EUREKA, BILL SHORT and other mines in the White Pine section are properties which have excellent showing and some with a record of good production in the past and with the prosi>ect of continued high prices on silver, the mining activity will be greatly increased and the camp rank in importance with the very best of the entire State of Colorado. MINES AND PROPERTIES 57 MINES IN THE OHIO CITY DISTRICT. In a direction twenty miles northeast from Gunni- son is Ohio City, the main supply point for the mines along the Gold Creek. The Gold Creek min- ing district extends from Ohio City northward for a distance of about seven miles and some of the best and largest mines in the State are located here. THE CARTER MINING COMPANY, a close corporation, has 79 patented claims in one group three miles north of Ohio City, Colorado. The group includes such well-known producers as the Volunteer, Ohio, Irene and Golden Islet mines and is developed by a tunnel which at 7,731 feet from portal reached a point directly under the old Volun- teer shaft. A four-compartment upraise has been tunnel will open up the ore bodies at a depth of 1,000 feet and to date the production of the veins already cut is about $700,000.00. The mine is equipped with an excellent steam plant, compressor, ventilation and electric light plant, a 20-stamp amal- gamating and concentrating mill, splendid buildings, bunkhouses, boarding house and all accessories required for practical and economical operation. The property is incorporated under the name of the Raymond Consolidated Mines Company, the princi- pal stockholders living in Pennsylvania, but upon the death of the manager, who had for a number of years been in charge of the operation, it was closed down. (The Raymond mine is at present for sale or lease, and all information will be given, and nego- Carter Mine and Mill. driven vertically up 1,135 feet to connect with said shaft. The company has a very fine water pyower, a complete plant of high grade mining machinery, and one of the finest mills in the state. During the years of development work, the company was never behind one day in meeting its payroll or other bills and consequently enjoys an excellent credit both in the county and state. THE RAYMOND MINE, located about five miles north of Ohio City, in the Gold Creek district, is the pioneer mine of the section and up to the death of the manager, was one of the most active and productive. The territory comprises about 600 acres and is developed by a tunnel 2,700 feet in length, which has cut a number of veins in its course, the principal ones being the 1,600 vein and the 2,300, both of which carry large bodies of good grade of ore. Drifting has been done on the 1,600 vein towards the Chicago vein which has been developed by a tunnel 506 feet higher up, through which considerable ore was extracted. The main tiations can be made with the president of the com- pany, Mr. Dexter T. Sapp, Gunnson, Colorado.) THE COLORADO SMELTING & MINING COMPANY, or the "Gold Links," by which name it is better known, has about 6,000 acres of mineral territory extending from the Gold Creek eastward for several miles. Among the principal well known producers owned by this company are the Sacra- mento, Silver Islet, the Fairview, etc. The property is developed by a tunnel which is in about 4,000 feet and through which upwards of a million dollars of excellent gold-silver ore has been mined. The prop- erty is equipped with a 40-stamp mill and every kind of up-to-date machinery and tools. As the owners did not wish to give any details for publica- tion, we are hindered from giving this, as well as other mines deserving description. THE BELZORA-BASSICK MINING COM- PANY owns a tract of excellent mining territory adjoining the Gold Links property, and extending on both sides of the Gold Creek. The company is composed of Michigan men, who are pushing devel- 58 GUNNISON COUNTY opments by means of a tunnel in an energetic and thoroughly business manner. Good buildings have been erected and machinery and equipment of the best kind and good management assiires the future success of this enterprise. bring good returns to its stockholders who are prin- cipally composed of Michigan parties. THE FRANCIS MINE, comprising over 600 acres, is owned by the Pandora Mining & Milling Company of Pitkin, and joins the Gold Links and Raymond Mine and Mill. SANDY HOOK MINING COMPANY, whose property adjoins the claims of the Belzora-Bassick on the west side of Gold Creek, is another excellent proposition. A splendid water power plant fur- nishes power during part of the year for the driving of the air compressor and the up-to-date milling plant recently constructed. The ore values, like all the others in this district, are in gold and silver, with some lead ; artd the property is destined to Belzora-Bassick on the .lorth. It is a fine tunnel proposition, with timber, water, etc. The formation is gneiss, schist, granite, intersected with porphyry dikes. The lime and quartzite comes in on the eastern end of the property. The vein system is a continuation of the Gold Belt veins, running north. A large crosscut tunnel is being driven to cut the veins and ore bodies at depth. The Francis is con- sidered one of the best propositions in the county. ^r ^ 4^B!I^H10^'^^^^^^HlB9HS^^H^^^_-a^^ ^^^^^^^^QSanSBSKs^KESa^^^l^^^^^ m^^^ ■VHMj ^■^iBh||dpHH ■(■"^^^^^H PHUmHH M ■ 1 r ^ ®H *^ ~_ JL, ^ T? ^IsaBalH I^^^^B 1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^Hfia mrK^'.^fj' r^gjawl r - - Kfp^ ■ajH fSf ^^^.^M. ^K^^w ila^|y|B| P^-r;-- .— *f "* ^^^^WHHdJH ^^^^^^^^^^s ^K^^^j^^g ^iS0^t^ fS^^r — - nilil ^gj[^^-ortant demand. These ranges are man- aged and regulated under the supervision of the Forest Service. By the payment of a nominal grazing fee the stockmen obtain permits to graze their herds on these ranges during the entire season. Their range is protected and improved. Special Use permits for pastures, hotels, summer resorts, -sawmills and numerous other uses can be secured by applying to the Forest Supervisor at Gunnison. Permits for a term of years are issued for sum- mer homes, hotels, stores or for other structures needed for recreation or public convenience. There are numerous delightful locations throughout this Forest adapted to summer homes and which may be secured under permit, as provided by the Act of March 4, 1915. The Forest officers have constructed good trails to the remote parts of the Forest and opened up vast areas to stock grazing, prospecting and mining and for summer recreation purposes by tourists and travelers. 6S GUNNISON COUNTY This Forest forms an important watershed, sup- plying irrigation water for about 2CX),ooo acres of agricultural land in Gunnison, Montrose and Delta counties. Lumbermen and timber operators may secure mature timber by purchase to supply the local markets. The timber, water, pasture and other resources of this Forest are for the use of the people, and the minerals are open to exploitation just as on unre- served public lands. The Gunnison National Forest has an area of 951,310 acres. There is an estimated stand of 491,113,000 feet board measure of fine timber. The above is an enormous asset for the people of this eountv. But it must be remembered that the cattle range, water power, and irrigation and domestic water supply are also an important adjunct to this community. It is essential that all camp and other fires are completely extinguished before leaving them,^ and cigarettes, cigars and other burning substances should be carefully extinguished before casting them away in the forested or grass covered areas. Information concerning the use" of the National Forest may be obtained from the nearest Ranger or the Forest Supervisor, Gunnison, Colorado, and all fires should be promptly reported to any of these officials, since the welfare of this community depends upon preventing and promptly extinguishing firep in the Forest. The Agricultural and Live Stock Interests of Gunnison County By L. H. Easterly. GUXXISON COUNTY in spite of its high altitude, long and rather severe winters and short summer season, and in spite of its rough and mountainous topography, has still devel- oped into one of the richest and most prosperous agricultural and stock raising sections of the Centennial State. ^Where twenty-five or thirty years ago only hungry looking sagebrush mesas and val- leys covered with weeds and willow' brushes could be seen, there are today waving wheat, barley, rye and oat fields, and meadows covered with the most succulent grass — a transformation, few', if any, of the early pioneers and trail blazers ever expected would occur. While the hundreds of mountain ranges hold untold and unfathomable riches in metals and min- erals hidden away in their bosoms, the valleys and level stretches along the rivers, creeks and foothills contain as fertile and productive soils as can be I'ound anywhere, and even some of the higher p'.ateaus and mesas have, through the means of irri- gation, been made to produce rich yields annually in grain, fodder and vegetables. The richest and more extensive of the valleys of the county are the Ohio Creek Valley, the Toniichi, "Cattlemens' Cay" Gunnison, Colorado. AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK G9 ORGANIZERS OF GUNNISON COUNTY STOCK GROWERS' ASSOCIATION, 1885. Upper Row, From Left to Right: S. B. Outcalt, Lee Lehman, P. Elson, A. E. Hyzer, A. M. Carpenter, F. E. Lightly, McBride, W. T. Buckey. Lower Row, From Left to Right: W. P. Sammons, E. A. McGregor, Gus Mergleman, C. L. Stone, P. H. Vao'er, T. W. Gray (President), Alonzo Hartman, H. C. Bartlett, Dick Ball. Cebolla, Quartz Creek, and the Gunnison and East River Valleys, while numerous smaller stretches along the paths of the many mountain streams are each year added to the agricultural area of the county, and much of the higher ground is being redeemed through irrigation, and even dry farming has in several instances proven successful. A careful calculation shows that the county con- tains 3,179 square miles of territory of which about 00,000 acres are under cultivation, the remaining being forest and grazing land. With the hay and grain secured from the cultivated areas to use in caring for stock in winter, and with the extensive fields for summer grazing no better place for stock raising could be found. The annual production of hay is about 80,000 tons, of which about half is used in caring for the herds of cattle and horses during the winter months, the remaining finding a ready market at good prices in nearby territories. The number of horses in the county is estimated to be about 4,000, with an average value of $75.00 per head, and 40,000 head of cattle, which would have an average value of $45.00 each. Among other livestock may be stated that there are about '^ jjHI.^-^ kL#iiiv ^:::^m§::A, — * V " * ■If: ■ ^ ,"-i^i;^r *.:;;• ■'■'"' 3'^mi^:^'''^^y \\ < <<3nfifid# ' .-jAraiiB— 1^ '■*P--':.., ■ On the way to the Market.. A Bunch of Hereford Cattle, Belonging to E. A. Foster, Powderhorn, Colo Way to the Eastern Market, Shipped Out From Gunnison, Colo. GITNNISON COUNTY 200 mules in the county, 500 hogs and some sheep are also pastured on the ranges in summer time, but on account of the severe winters, sheep raising can not successfully be carried on. The first efforts of farming by cultivating the soil, and irrigating the crqps vras ; made, when -the fir5%acttial settle'rs in 1874,- ihcoriipafty with Pro- fessor Sylvester Richardson arrived in this vfcinity. Among the families who remained and have here made their homes may be mentioned John B. Gut- family built their log cabins near the "Silver Springf and plowed up -ground for a garden near the cabins, which, was the second spot in cultivation within the present boundary of Gunnison County. ' i In , the' spring of 1875 more settlers reached the valleyand David Smith located on the north sjde.ojE Gunnison River, on the land now owned by C. L. Stone, and the Hartman family' had a tract about four miles to th'e east. Several settlers also took up land along the Tomichi Creek among which were Ranch Home of F. D. McKee, on Ohio Creek. calt, W. W. Outcalt, Aug. Mergleman, Thos. A. Griffith, Chas. G. Tinguely, Thos. Herron, Valen- tine Schmeck and John Trimble. The first spot cultivated was when Thos. A. Griffith in June, 1874, planted a small garden for experiment on what at present is the ranch of John B. Outcalt, and the following year the second attempt in farming was made by Chas. G. Tinguely on the ranch now owned by A. E. Hyzer, known as S. R. Pratt ranch. The John Cox, the Doyle family, Mr. Gates arid Mr. Greenwood, also William and George Yule, who were the first ones who attempted to raise horses for the market. The settlers who came with Pro- fessor Richardson brought either horses or teams of oxen for work, while several of the families brought some livestock and it was not long until the present important extensive business of cattle rais- ins' had received its start. Ranch Home of L. H. Easterly on Ohio Creek. AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK 71 The pioneers were favored' by the mild winters of 1875 to 1879 when the cattle even during the winter fed on the ranges, which was of importance as but little hay for winter feeding had' up to that time been raised. But the hard winters of 1879 and '80, with extreme cold weather an.d deep snow', caused severe losses among the herds and awoke the ranchmen tp the impwrt^nce of providing shelter and food for the cattle and horses during the win- ter months, and the real era of stock growing was begun. at the ranch of T. W. Gray in that year. Watter- man and Munch the following year brought an eight-horsepower thresher and Herman Eilebrecht brought a ten-horsepower thresher into the county in 1890 and all found plenty of work to do. At present time several steam threshing machines are kept busy during each season and farm machinery of all kinds are aiding in handling the rapidly grow- ing agricultural and ranch industry of Gunnison County. At first each ranchman slaughtered such cattle as Ranch Home of F. Comstock, Near Almont. The willows and sage brush which covered the bottom and mesa lands were cleared away, irrigat- ing ditches were plowed and dug, fences built and barns and big cattle sheds ' constructed. Hay and grain fields were made all over the valley, crops raised and harvested and it was not long until the farming machinery were introduced. The early day crops of grain' were threshed out by tramJDing, or by the primitive fiail, but as the grain fields increased in size and nuinbers the needed machinery for the handling of the crops were brought in. Mr. Matt Arch in 1887 bought a small threshing machine and the first work it did in the county was "Thorobreds," Raised by W. A. Gillaspey. he needed for food and for local demands, but in 1880 the first meat market and slaughter house was started by J. D. Miller at Gunnison, Moses Black in Crested Butte and by others in Pitkin and Tin Gup. However, in the course of time the cattle raised was in excess of the local demands and in 1885 Alonzo Hartman, W. A. Gillaspey, Outcalt Brothers, A. K. Stevens, Wm. Snyder, T. W. Gray, J. C. McKee and others began shipping cattle to the stockyards and markets in Denver, Kansas City and Omaha, and at present there are thousands of heads of fine cattle shipped out each year, and the industry is rapidly increasing to enormous proportions. For mutual welfare and for the protection of the cattle industry a Stock Growers Association was organized some years ago and it has today several hundred members, and the Gunnison County organ- ization is one of the strongest in the state. As can be seen the ranching and cattle interest have kept pace with the general growth and prog- ress of the county, and while the territory available for ranching is at present well taken up, still the general prospect for the agricultural and stock interest in Gunnison County is very promising in- deed and the rancher and stockman can look for- ward with confidence and assurance that he will receive a considerable compensajiion as reward for his investment and his labor. The State Normal School of the Western Slope, Gunnison, Colorado By Dr. James Herbert Kelley, President. THE COLORADO State Normal School ^vas opened in September, 191 1, with a faculty of 10 instructors and an enrollment of 34 stud- ents. During its fifth year a student body of 862, comprising kindergarten, primary, intermediate, and grammar grades, high school and normal school were in charge of a faculty of 28 instructors. Dur- ing the summer sessions the faculty is considerably enlarged and lecturers of international reputation are brought in. The program of studies of the Normal School is comprehensive and varied, allowing a wide range of electives in the fine arts, business training, house- hold science, and manual training, as well as in the regular -professional and academic departments. Upon the satisfactory completion of two years of work above a four year high school course, the degree of Bachelor of Pedagogy is conferred upon those students who pass successfully the tests of the State Examining Board for a life certificate to teach in the public schools of the State. An addi- tional year of satisfactory work of graduate grades earns the degree of Master of Pedagogy. The altitude of Gunnison makes it an ideal loca- tion for the annual summer school. Students from the South and East find their way to this delightful place. Last summer Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas sent good representation. The total enrollment was nearly 300. Mr. Eugene Parsons in his "Guide Book of Colo- rado" has the following to say of the truly won- derful country of which Gunnison is a part : "To those seeking rest, health, sport, pleasure, or knowledge, no better field can be found than this "Switzerland of America." Scenically, it is one of the most remarkable divisions of North America, and it is unequalled in natural wonders-and beauties by any other portion of the L'nion. The pageant of the Rockies with their precipitious defiles and stu- pendous gorges, the ideal climate, the mineral springs, the riot of color in the landscape, the tum- bling waterfalls, the vast natural parks, are features not to be duplicated in any other locality." How to reduce the cost of living is a question which has been vigorously attacked with the result that students may live in Gunnison as cheaply as at any other school in the State. The domestic science department manages a mid-day cafeteria on a penny basis, the object being: to furnish a nourishing meal at a minimum cost. Free use of text books is given. In all organization work, such as band, orchestra, glee club, and chorus, the music is furnished. In dramatics, plays are provided. In manual training and household economics, materials for class work are furnished. The Advisory Board, composed of Gunnison club women, conceived and put into operation the plan of having co-operative boarding halls, each of which accommodates about a dozen students, and a pre- ceptress who looks after the general welfare of the students. Under this cottage do-rmitory plan the expense of living range from $10.00 to $12.00 for each student per month. The Advisory Board also maintains a loan fund and administers the free scholarships. Money in small amounts is loaned deserving students without interest upon their promise to return it as soon as they begin to earn salaries. The social life of the school is guided by the Dean of Women; the leisure time of the boys is profitably spent in the Boys' Club under the direc- tion of the Dean of the Normal School ; the literary societies are self-governing bodies that elect their own faculty advisor ; the Campfire groups, of which there are three, cultivate the commendable virtues of their orders. Tlie Twentieth General Assembly placed the school upon a millage basis, thus giving it a per- manency which it had hitherto lacked. The school is rapidly taking its place among the other institu- tions of higher education in the State and is ably serving the educational needs of the two-fifths of the State lying west of the Continental Divide. The Gunnison County High School is operated in the building of the Colorado State Normal School. The instructors for both schools are the same, yet the classes are kept entirely separate from each otlier. The students in the High School enjoy all the advantages of the departments of music, art, and public speaking:, manual training, business train- ing, and household science without tuition. The library, laboratories, and gymnasium are also at their service. The High School is fully accredited by the Uni- versity of Colorado and also by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Besides the regular college preparatory course, the school offers two other complete four-year courses : One emphasizing the commercial branches ; the other, manual training for the boys and domes- tic science for the girls. The Public Schools of Gunnison County By Miss Luella Johnson, County Superintendent of Schools. GUNNISON COUNTY has twenty-eight school districts, all of which are third-class except districts i and 8, Gunnison and Crested Butte respectively. These two are second- class. The following statistics, taken from last year's report to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, will perhaps be interesting. The valuation of the county was $14,630,000. Average school tax levy 2^ mills. Average cost per pupil for education by average attendance, $13.32. Number of teachers in the grades 56. Average salary for principals of grades $110; average salary for teachers in grades $75 ; average salary for rural teachers $65. Total enrollment 1,248. The 1916 census is 1,570, an increase of 51 over last year. The eighth grade graduates for 1916 are 86, an increase of 19 over last year. In this article will be given specially the five graded schools of the county, and the rural schools and what they are doing will be spoken of col- lectively. The Gunnison city schools are under the able management of Grant Ruland, who is head of the Training Department of the Colorado State Normal School. During his seven years of service he has been loyal and faithful in his efforts at upbuilding. In these schools is given the training for the students of the Normal School, and the six critic teachers under Mr. Ruland's supervision are required to be specially equipj>ed along the lines of super- vision and guidance for they deal with many embryonic teachers each year, that are to be dis- seminated through Colorado. The grammar school has access to the Manual Training and Domestic Science departments of the Normal, and each year is done good work along these lines. These chil- dren also have special instruction in music, art and physical instruction. This year's eighth grade class of twenty-nine gave "Hiawatha" in a very beautiful and creditable manner. Crested Butte, twenty-eight miles north of Gun- nison, has the largest census list and enrollment of any district in the county- J. F. M. Duehren, who has been principal of this school for three years, and his corps of seven teacbers, one to be added next year, are doing a good work in solvine the problem of amaleamation. Their great duty is to make citizens of the children who come from across the sea. The ninth and tenth srrades have been added to this school to try to foster a desire to go ahead with the work. So many of these children would go no further than the eighth grade for they would have to leave home. They have been doing very satisfactory departmental work this past year in the grades. A class of fourteen w'as graduated from the- eighth grade. Crested Butte is high- up in the mountains, and the snowfall is very great. An interesting feature of the Arbor Day exercises in April was the shovel- ing of a tunnel through an immense drift that had made the entrance to the building on the north unapproachable for many months. At Marble, T. H. Pease and his six teachers are doing good work. Tlie high school is small in enrollment but it is forging to the front in the way of becoming efficient. A school orchestra, athletics, and parent-teachers' association have been some of the factors in the road to advancement. Marble h'as an enthusiastic, loyal set of people who will never stop until their school is in the front rank of Colorado schools. Somerset, a coal mining town in the northwestern corner of the county, is the fourth graded school. Again we have the question of what to do with the foreign child, though the per cent of foreign chil- dren is not so great as at Crested Butte. J. H. Rouck has been in charge for three years here and is employed for the ensuing year. He with his three assistants are doing very good work. Here also the ninth and tenth grades are being taught. They have an orchestra and do some work in singing in the school. The Utah Fuel Company has generously aided them in many ways. Their school is heated with steam, supplied with bubbling fountain, and sanitary toilets. Thev have a splendidly equipped play- ground. It is located in' the center of the town, adjoining the school house and is surrounded by an iron fence. One finds all sorts of playground apparatus with which to be amused. This playground is open all the year round, the children are happv, and can always be found by their anxious mothers. The company is to give this year a cottage for the teach- ers to live in. This will fill a much needed want. These two districts, Marble and Somerset, are seoarated from the county seat by immense moun- tains walls, the road to Marble impassable all but Ihree months in the year and no connection by road from Gunnison to Somerset. The county superin- tendent in makinsf her visits to these schools, makes a round trio by rail through ei?ht counties, covers six hundred and ten miles, and is away nearly two weeks. The Pitkin school during- the oast year was under the able management of W. R. Brown and one assistant. The work has gone well and the com- munity has taken quite an interest in the strides 74 GUNNISON COUNTY forward for standardization. Pitkin has an ideal playground. It is an acre in area, surrounded with a fence, is grassy, and has a mountain stream flow- ing by it. Pitkin has the distinction of having home made play devices. Swings, slides, teeters, and other devices with which the children are made happy. One rural school must be mentioned in particu- lar that is fast forging to the front in meeting the requirements for standardization. The Fairview School in District lo, nine miles north of Gunnison. When it is standardized next fall, it will be found to be a highly approved school. This district has an enthusiastic community that is putting forth every effort to have one of the best rural schools in the state. raised greatly. This last year over 70 per cent of the tea:ching force of the county were Normal trained, or else held State and first grade County certificates. Sixty per cent of those holding county certificates are working for a degree by doing non- resident work and attending summer schools. This is one great step toward standardization, to have better prepared teachers. This year since standardization has become part of the State 'Sys- tem, the schools of Gunnison County are not behind other counties in awakening to their great needs. Many improvements are being planned for the future, many have already taken place. The out- look for better schools never was so good, thanks to Mrs. Bradford, our State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who has inaugurated "Stand- The Fairview Scliool. Owing to the mining awakening in our county two new schools have been established this year. One in District 18, at Bogan's Camp on Spring Creek, for the people employed by the Doctor Mine. The other is at the old abandoned camp of Vul- can, now experiencing a revival of activity. There are twenty-nine one-teacher schools in Gunnison County. Eleven of these are so-called summer schools. They begin in April and last till December. These schools are in the higher alti- tudes and on account of the distances children have to go, and the amount of snowfall in th€ winter, it is deemed the better arrangement to have the term from April to December. The summer days in our county are always cool and enjoyable in which to study. ConsoHdation is utterly impossible in Gunnison County, on account of magnificent distances. In many of the rural districts children go horseback three and four miles to school. So the great prob- lem with us to make the most of our one-teacher schools. Since the coming of the Colorado State Normal School, the standard for teaching has been ardization," the magic word that means better teachers, better schools, better environment for the children. The Colorado Plan of Standardization is manifold. It links together the child, the teacher, the school board, the taxpayer, all working together for the welfare of the child. Here may be men- tioned a -very gratifying and commendable move- ment. Last March, ten out of nineteen school boards sent their teachers to the Western Colorado Teachers' Association at Grand Junction, with rail- road fare paid. This is great evidence that school boards are reaHzingmore and more the necessity of their teachers coming in contact with all the live movements in education, and of insisting on their attendance upon educational meetings, where they may gain new inspiration, and take back to the children new life and enthusiasm.- For the schools- of our county, the future holds an era of upbuilding that will make them rank sec- ond to none in any county of the state; And living up to the great ideals in education, Gunnison County will- continue to do her part in giving to Colorado loyal, worthy citizens. The Churches and Religious Organizations of Gunnison County By Mrs. Margaret White O'Leary. SINCE THE EARLY 8o's, when the first church spire in Gunnison ascended through the moun- tain mists and gave its silent message to a people ready to listen, religion and religious edifices have stood stern against all indifference, lifted above all sorrow and strife yet ever ready to minister to them; silently watching the feverish, race of mor- tals in their eager quest for the wealth hidden in the dark bosoms of the' mighty mountains in the near distance. Shining modestly out of the pure ether-emblems of Heaven reaching down to earth, and earth reaching up to God — these crosses and spires have seen men come and go, hopes rise, and fall, even as others have done frorn the rugged soil of the Pilgrims on the rock-ribbed coast of New England to the land hallowed by the labors of the Spanish padres on the shores of the tranquil Pacific. In short, religion has: been one of the greatest agen- cies in the evolution of Gunnison from a towti where the wild hilarity of frontier days held sway to a quiet, clean, progressive and prosperous city where early outlawry shows not even a symptom of return- ing. At present the churches and denominations com- prise the Roman Catholic, whose pastor, the Rev. Wm. Kipp, has ministered to his flock for eleven years ; the Methodist, whose pastor, the Rev. Mark J. Field was assigned to this charge the present year; the Presbyterian, which Rev. E. H. Robinson has been the pastor for the past three years ; the Episcopal, which is served by Rev. Magnon, rector of the Episcopal church of Ouray, and the Christian Science, which, as yet, has only a temporary place of worship. The organizations of the respective churches are alive and progressing in the various forms of church Church at Pitkin, Colo. The Methodist Church, Gunnison, Colo. 76 GUNNISON COUNTY activity in ministering to the spiritual needs of the community, as well as to the missions of the out- living hamlets and mining camps. The church build- ings are attractive and substantial, and the various congregations support earnest, self-sacrificing pas- tors who work in a harmonious manner for the spiritual welfare of their people according to the tenets of their denominations. The moral atmosphere of the town is clean and strong, and a fine sense of Christian Charity per- meates the attitude of man's intercourse with man, especially with those whose luck has gone awry, and it is ever of that character which, while recog- nizing the Brotherhood of Man, is mindful, also, of the Fatherhood of God. Gunnison is fortunate in that it numbers only few of the so-called indigent poor among its popula- tion. There is always plenty of work to be had at a reasonable living wage which makes for a com- fortable and happy, even though simple home life, and after all, it is this wholesome home life of a community that makes its social welfare and reli- gious atmosphere. "Here where the world is in the making. Where fewer hearts in despair are aching. The snows that fall are a trifle whiter. And the bonds of home are a wee bit brighter." Fraternal Organizations, Clubs and Societies By Mrs. C. T. Sills. THE WEST as a whole, and Gunnison is no exception, has nurtured so many transplanted human flowers from other sections of the country, that the gregarious instincts early found an outlet in various fraternal orders and organized clubs, so that much of the social life of the com- munity still centers about such organizations. Even while the hardy pioneer was busy delving iijto the bowels of the mountains for the precious metals, or in turning the gray of the sage brush into the ver- dant green of the ranch meadows such orders arose and, unlike Rome, did not fall, but have continued to go on their way gathering strength in an en- deavor to answer the world-old query, "Am I my brother 'p keeper?" and give practical expression to the "Gpod will toward men" carol of the first Christmas morning. The following fraternal and patriotic orders are active in administering the grip of fellowship to the stranger within the gates : Knight Templars, Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Red Men, Woodmen of the World, Royal Neighbors, Equitable Fraternal Union, Order of Eastern Star, Rebeccas. Women of Woodcraft, Grand Army of the Republic, Women's Relief Corps, Daughters of American Revolution, and doubtless others with which the writer is not familiar. v Art and literature are of necessity, the by-products of a civilization that has reached the stage of leisure for reflection and retrospection. In a new country the energy is first directed toward subduing the physical forces of Nature. After this has been accompHshed and leisure is available, then people .ofenerally turn their attention toward things intel- lectual, but Gunnison proved an exception to this rule, for with characteristic eners:y, a Chautauqua Reading circle grew up and flourished side by side with the first smelter whistle, more than thirty years ago. As time went on, however, the annals were writ- ten broader and deeper and in 189Q was organized the Alondav Afternoon Club, which was soon fol- lowed by the Gunnison Woman's Club, and the Isabella Tourist Club, all of which, aside from their social features, direct their study along lines of lit- erature, history, art, domestic science, social science, travel and music. All these clubs belong to the Colorado Federa- tion of Women's Clubs, and they, together with the Philharmonic Club, organized later, are doing a splendid work for home and community. They are pre-eminently interested in the social, civic and educational interests of the city, and are a helpful force in promoting the welfare of the stud- ents of the Colorado State Normal School, as well as taking a wholesome interest in the schools of the citv. L. H. Easterly, A Pioneer Ranchman of Gunnison County. Fish Hatching and Fish Catching in Gunnison County •'.■ft • ' By. S. . E. Land, Gen. Supt. State Fish Hatcheries of Colorado. IT IS ONLY necessary to mention the name of Gunnison to anyone and at once the subject of . trout fishing is brought up, because, while the ranches and valleys of Gunnison Country are re- nowned for their fertility, and the mountains for th'eif wealth in minerals, the streams are no less renowned for' their abundance of fish and the Gun- nison River is known the world aver as the "home of the rainbow' trout." And we are not here going to dispute the right of the Gunnison and tributary streams to the distinc- tion of playing host to the "speckled beauties," nor are we going to deny the trout the privilege to there maintain their permanent, or temporary, abode, but instead we will aim to tell how the reputation of the Gunnison streams are maintained and how it is that these streams do not "run dry" of fish. A great many people think that in the present era, just as in the past, the natural propagation of was ten fish it would mean that about 600,000 trout were annually pulled out of the waters of Gunnison County by its home people alone. There are about one thousand miles of trout waters in Gunnison County and when all other streams and rivers are included it is no wonder that it takes 17 hatcheries in various locaHties to hatch out and distribute the young fish in the streams of Colorado. The annual distribution of fish from the state hatcheries has increased from 2,652,500 in 1903 to over 20,000,000 in 1915, of which about 2,000,000 were hatched and distributed from the state hatchery at Pitkin, and placed in the nearby streams. The hatchery at Pitkin is owned by Mr. R. L. McKnight of Denver and is leased by the State Game and Fish Commissioner for hatching, trout. The buildings and fish ponds are of stone and con- crete and were erected at a cost of $7,500.00 and The Fish Hatchery at Pitkin, Colo. the fish in the streams would be sufficient to keep it stocked, despite the fact that many thousands of fish are annually caught in the Gunnison County streams, to say nothing of all those caught at other places. The County Clerk at Gunnison issues an average of 1,500 fishing licenses each year, and as this only embraces the male fishermen of 16 years or more, and as about as many more ladies and boys can safely be including among the fishing enthusiasts, it would mean that about 3,000 fishermen, on perhaps an average of once a week for about five months are "whipping the streams" and if the average catch with the excellent and constant supply of the purest spring water which maintains a temperature of about 48 degrees throughout the year, a suitable temperature for hatching the eggs of the trout, it is considered by experts that no better place for the work is to be found in the state. The output of the Pitkin hatchery keeps pace with others throughout the state. Each winter a million brook trout are hatched (the noted red spotted trout) and in the summer about a million of rainbow and black spotted "natives" or mountain trout are hatched, practically all of which are dis- tributed in the Gunnison River and its tributaries. 78 GUNNISON COUNTY No wonder that .the Gunnison waters are such noted streams for trout fishing, and not only ^re the residents of the county ardent fishermen, but people from every state in the Union, as well as from abroad, have during recent years fished in the Gunnison and other trout streams of the county. The State of Colorado issues annually over 50,000 licenses to the residents of the state, many of whpm do their fishing in the Gunnison County streams. Did you ever stop to think what a splendid recre- ation, health-giving pastime and delightful pleasure this out-of-door field sport affords, and what vigor and inspiration is instilled in the very blood of the spyortsman? To camp among the fragrant pines, the very air being filled with the health-giving ozone, to bask in the sunshine or rest in the shade by the side of the rapid waters of the Rockies means restoration as well as perpetuation of the health and strength of the present as well as coming Scene on East;R[ver, the Home of the Trout. "A Fishernnan's Luck." generations of our state, and even if no other recom- pense was given the state for maintaining the game and fish department, it would still be a reward that would well warrant the cost involved. Yes, Gunnison County and its people are well aware of the advantages and blessings the streams and forests afford, and as they.have these blessings in an over-abundance they invite the people of other counties and states as well as the world at large, to with them share these benefits. The game of the county is rapidly diminishing, but thanks to the Science of hatching the fish eggs, the finny tribe is annually increasing and today the money value of the fish in. the streams is far in excess of the value of the garrie in the hills and the day is -fast approaching when" the rod will super- ;sede the gun as an implement' for enjoyment and sport as well as for hgalth andJrecreation. How Bill Higgins Caught the Trout By a, p. Nelson. Bill Higgins was a sportsman true, just eighteen carats "This luck is tough," he said, in tones which only he fine. could hear. He knew of how to ride and shoot, and how to cast a And then he looked around to see if any one was. near. line. He waded out into the stream, and cast his' line way He was a ^walking "cycloped" on hasehall slang, and out; ■such. He had a strike! He had a iish! He had a great big Although of golf and polo he did not know so much. trout ! But fishing was his hobby horse, and of his luck he'd He slipped upon a slanting rock, and down he went, shout, head first. And here is how he told of how he caught his ten-pound But it was not because he tried to drown his burning trout. thirst. Bill Higgins tells a story straight and truthful as a die, In fact. Bill Higgins — that's the truth — ^he could not tell a lie. He filled his fishing basket up with "bait" of every kind, (And even if the State was dry, some "wet goods" you would find.) And hooks and flies without an end, and leaders, lines and poles. And boots of India rubber from the tops down to the soles. The fish was strong — so was Bill's breath — and 'twixt the two, you see It was a question of the two, which one should victor be. The stream was swift, so was the trout, and down the stream both went, The fish a pulling Billie on, and Bill on fishing bent. It was a sport a sportman worth, and, you bet. Bill was game. And had you caught a giant trout, you would have been the same. He dresses up in khaki suit, such as all sportsmen wear, And topped it with a rubber hat with which to shield his hair. He took the train to Fishersvllle, where all the trout hold forth. And landed there in regal style, just like a dead game sport. He flopped his name down on the page in the Old Sportsmen's Home, For when you are a Romeo, do as they do in Rome. Bill and the flsh went struggling on, till Bill got on his feet. When in his downward path, a tree he had the luck to meet. He reached the bank and up he went, and pulled in on the line. And never thought about his plight — as he saw the "rainbow" shine. The fish was game, and so was Bill, but Billie Higgins won. But Billie really thought the fish had weighed about a ton. He started for the Gunnison, long 'fore the break of day. And landed at the river bank where all the fish hold sway. He rigged his pole with leader, and some alluring flies. For only he succeeds in full, who with all power tries. He swung the pole and "swish," it struck the ripples on the top, And then he calmly waited for to pull the fishes up. To strengthen up his courage, he tried some of his "bait," And cast his line time and again, and still did calmly wait. He lit his pipe, spat on the hook, and cast it out once more, And then he tried his "bait" again, as he had done before. He fished with all his might and main, until the sun had set. But, although he had many strikes, no "rainbow" could he get. Bill Higgins took his banner catch up to The Sports' Hotel, And there this story of- his day, in solemn tones did tell. The fish was fin«, it scaled ten pounds, the biggest for the day. And Bill, he felt that for his sport he really had full pay. As champ' among the fishermen, in glory he did shine. And all the ladies thought that' Bill, "he was a sport divine." Well, Billie Higgins was a sport, and for a week, about. He went afishing every day, and came back home with trout. He caught them easy "on the fly," — of course, with hook and line — Of mountain trout, he had his fill (and, bet you, they were fine). And, as the years roll on, each June, Bill Higgins, he starts out Along the good old Gunnison, to catch his "mountain trout." The Future Greatness of Gunnison County By a. p.. Nelsjdn. MY KINGDOM for a prophet! My laurels for a dreamer ! Not one whose vision would wander far away into the sphere of impos- sibilities or whose fancy would picture imaginations far beyond the realm of fulfillment, but one who in vivid and comprehensive language would tell of future happenings ; who, with the greatness of the "Majestic Empire"" before his soul's eyes, would draw the vail away from the future years and in the present day illustrate in realistic possibilities the days to come ; who could utilize the theories of the conservative man of affairs, with the natural re- sources and advantages that are open to his bidding, and who could foresee the need of futures ages and the requirement of years to come, and who, with the achievements and records of the past at his com- mand could lay plans for the future greatness of the "Empire," on which plans the coming genera- tions could build their hopes, their expectations and their future and which plans would be consistent with future requirements, future needs and future demands and bring the prophecies, the dreams, the plans, the hopes, the expectations, the needs and the requirements to an ultimate and accordant real- ization and fulfillment. My Kingdom for a propliet ! All hail the optimist ! Glory to the progressive, cheerful soul who looks with a smile on the darken- ing clouds which dim the rays of the sun, knowing and believing that behind the misty veil is the sun still shining and that ere long the clouds will pass away and the rays of the brilliant orb will soon again appear and shed its light, its luster and its warmth to the people of the earth, and who, even in the darkest hour, feels happy in the thought that better days are to come. Banish the calamity howl- er, the pessimist! "Hope springs eternal in the human breast," and with that as our motto and watchword we will attempt to in simple w'ords, and in optimistic language, tell of "the future greatness of Gunnison County." Go back in history but a few short years and see how conditions then appeared, and then turn to the preceding pages and view' the conditions of today and mark the progress time, perseverance, optimism, capital and labor has accomplished. The same progress, only in more rapid strides, will be made in the time to come. I can see the day when the even now conserva- tive and progressive ranchman will, in more scien- tific manner, till the soil and the cattleman with more energy and care see to the welfare of his herd; when the forest and the field will yield more recompense and returns than are possible today and the waste and loss now occurring will be eliminated and better races of cattle, better crops, better results and better financial returns will accrue than in the days of today. I see the waters of the countless streams and rivulets being more scientifically utilized. The irri- gation ditches multiplied and the life-giving liquid led over ravines and abysses to the thirsty valleys who is return "blossom as a rose" and when the ■ autumn comes the tiller of the soil receives an abun- dance of the golden grain as his reward for the needs of himself, his herds, and the market. I see the powers of the waters utilized and the mystic force of electricity so derived, making possi- ble better commercial conditions, more economical handling of the resources of nature, the minerals and metals, and where now riches lie slumbering they will spring to life and utilization by the magic touch of the scientist, the explorer, the inventor and the mechanic, aided by that unfathomable and mighty force of nature called electricity, and its ever-increasing and multiplying possibilities of appli- cation in the world of industry and commerce. I see the munition and armor plant of the National Government located in the Gunnison Valley, where every element of nature required in and for the manufarture of guns, armor plate, shells, etc., are within easy access, shielded from the attacks of any foe, no matter how formidable, by the impenetra- ble mountains which, like silent guards, maintain an eternal vigilance and make impossible every attempt of invasion. Yes, the protection the mountains afford prevent even the forces of nature, the storms, floods and cyclones from entering or causing any destruction in this the "valley of peace and pre- paredness." Old Uncle Samuel could calmly and confidently lie down to his rest each evening, know- ing that in the valley between the hills the needs and requirements for national protection were safe- ly nestled, and whenever universal peace was as- sured the swords could be made into plow shares and the guns into useful implements for the utiliza- tion of the masses, the plant being a profitable insti- tution in peace and a volcano of destruction for the enemy in time of war and carnage. FUTURE GREATNESS 81 The inexhaustible mountains of iron will slowly be depleted of their mineral content; the smoke from the smelter and the furnace will tell of utiliza- tion of this lasting substitute for the rapidly vanish- ing forests. The daily increasing demands for steel and iron will be met by the construction of the rolling mills and foundries that sooner or later are sure to be erected in the Gunnison Valley. Immense factories will be constructed for the mak- ing of the steel railroad cars, the bodies for the automobile, the steel doors, sashes and window frames, and steel furniture for the office and home, which industry will call for the utilization of the iron ores, the limestone deposits, the fire-clay banks, the coals, and not to forget, the tungsten, molyb- denum, the manganese, bismuth and other metals and minerals used in the iron and steel industry, and which all are found in inexhaustible quantity in the now' but little explored bosoms of the moun- tains, hills and valleys of Gunnison County. The copper deposits, rich with their valuable content of the red metal, will be explored to depths unexpected, and the sulphur, and other chemical impregnations, will be scrupulously retained and saved for utilization of the chemist and the scientist ias well as for the daily needs of a more enlightened and more progressive race of the coming ages. The improved conditions of mining and treat- ment of the ores will make possible the handling of the vast deposits of gold, silver, lead, zinc and other metals, and the prospector, the miner, the mine operator and the metallurgist will each be reaping a more liberal reward, and the world of industry and commerce will be supplied with the ingredients which more and more are becoming necessities for the ever-increasing demands of new modes of living, and new devices for the turning of the wheels of commerce and existence. Even the cursed sage brush will, through a proc- ess which even now has been devised, be made to yield the chemical properties its roots, branches and leaves contain, and the quaking aspen, now' consid- ered worthless, and which, aside from its imposing and stately grandeur, is left to live a life of useless- ness, will instead be ground into pulp and made into paper on which will be recorded the future history of Gunnison County, and the rolls of the pulp fac- tories be ceaselessly revolving; busily engaged in supplying the crying needs for ingredients for the paper mills of our country. In the beautiful pine woods, along the foaming, murmuring creeks, flower-bedecked valleys and and craggy snow-capped mountains will be found numberless summer homes, erected on the "public domain" by the "sweltering Easterner," who, evad- ing the burning sun and depressing air of the crowded cities, each summer comes "out where the world is in the making," and among the ozone of the pines, inhales the invigorating, healthgiving, cool and refreshing air of the mountains, and in the forest glades and along the trout-filled streams seeks recreation, comfort and contentment, and with re- gained strength and vigor returns to his allotted task, determined "when the wild roses again bloom along the mountain paths," to return to enjoy the invaluable privileges we who here constantly dwell scarcely realize and which we insufficiently estimate and value. The at present splendid roads of the county will be made even better and the tourists will in an endless and never-ceasing train traverse the county and enjoy the beautiful scenery, the eternal sun- shine, the cool breezes, the healthgiving air and the recreations and pleasures which only the streams, fields mountains and forests of the region of the Rockies can present. The mining camps will grow to prosperous towns, the towns become cities humming with Kfe and activity, the culture and the standards of living will reach the highest pinnacles of elevation and nobil- ity, and true happiness and contentment will be reflected in every eye, and every smile, and all will rejoice in the thought of still better days to come, just as we today with confidence and assurance look forward to view and participate in the future greatness of Gunnison County. It Can Be Done Somebody said it couldn't be done. But he, with a chuckle, replied That "maybe it couldn't," but he would be one Who wouldn't say so till he tried. So he buckled right in, with a trace of a grin On his face. If he worried, he hid it, He started to sing as he tackled the thing "That couldn't be done — and he did it. Somebody scoffed, "Oh, you'll never do that; At least, no one ever has done it." But he took off his coat and he took off his hat. And the first thing he knew he'd begun it; With a lift of his chin and a bit of a grin. Without and doubting or quit it, H« started to sing as he tackled the things That couldn't be done — and he did it. There are thousands to tell you it cannot be done; There are thousands to prophesy failure; There are thousands to point out to you, one by one. The dangers that wait to assail you; But just buckle in, with a bit of a grin, Then take off your coat and go to it. Just start in to sing as you tackle the thing That "cannot be done" — and you'll do it. A Word About Mining Investments WE OFTEN HEAR of the "millions of dol- lars that have been invested" in worthless mining stock, but the figure, after all the exaggeration, is indeed small when compared with the stock that is not worthless. The average man when he buys mining stocks realizes that to a cer- tain extent he is taking a chance, just as he would if he were to buy stock in anything. His money may not all go for the development of the proposi- tion, but conditions along this hne are improving and the system of the old-time promoter who used much of the company money for his own use is almost a thing of the past. Some mine managers will make a dollar go farther toward the develop-, ment of a proposition than others, but investors in mining shares are getting a better run for their money today than ever before. The West needs money for development.' There are good and true men in the mountains and there are many worthy propositions that on\f" require money rightly expended to make them dividend payers. Investors of today are not flim-flammed as in days past — there is no- excuse for it, at anv rate. Time was when a slick promoter could sell stock on any kind of a proposition whether he had any "showing" on it or not. Now, the promoter has to "have the goods," as the investors are learn- ing to investigate. A few years ago when people went land crazy there were impossible irrigation schemes financed and the public held the sack. And there were some good irrigation enterprises. Railroad companies have failed and holders of shares hold worthless pieces of paper. There have been failures in all industries and perhaps always will be. And it has been recorded that the percent- age of failures is greater in many other lines than in mining. The nation as a whole must look for new wealth from the natural resources of the West. Too little attention is paid by the general public to western development enterprises. This has not been be- cause of worthless stock sold in the past, but capi- tal has been diverted to a material extent into new channels, or in many instances not invested at all because of "unsettled conditions." But the public is going to realize that the undeveloped resources of the West are the nation's treasure vault, and that the dollar invested in an honest western enter- prise will bring greater returns than a dollar in- vested anywhere else. The West has been handi- capped, but its great possibilities will yet receive the attention due to make more rapid progress. Dedication of the Half- Way House on "The Rainbow Route" (From Gunnison Republican, October 23, 1915.) COMMISSIONER GILLASPEY of Gunnison County believes in keeping up with the march of the times and he has taken tip the slogan, See America, see Colorado and above all see Gunni- son County with its wealth of scenic beauty, which compares wonderfully with the beauties of nature at home and abroad. Commissioner Gillaspey has charge of the roads from Gunnison to the county line and it was his idea to erect a "Half-way House" on the Rainbow Route between Gunnison and Montrose for the accommo- dation of tourists and secured an appropriation oi nearly $2,000 from Gunnison County. October 19, 191 5, marked a red letter day in the history of Gunnison County, when nearly 350 people traveled by aiito, carriage and horseback to attend the formal opening of the half-way house on the . Blue Mesa, thus uniting in fraternal union, the people of Gunnison and Montrose counties who now' have a common playground where at any time they may come for recreation and rest and enjoy the marvelous beauty of the Blue Mesa and at the sam_e time hunt^ and fish^ as game aijd trout abound in this locality. The house is of hewed logs, 22x66 feet, one and one-half stories high with three large rooms on the first floor and a number of bed rooms above and a large porch surrounding the front, thus making a comfortable resting place for the, traveler after com- ing over a road which is the pride of Gunnison County, the scenery along this highway being among the grandest in the State of Colorado. The road has been so arranged that autoists can go by the Blue Mesa and return by the Black Mesa or vice versa, and enjoy the wonders and glorious beauty of the Black Canyon, one of the famous beauty spots of the State. The autos with their loads of visitors began to arrive about eleven o'clock. At noon the "Half-way House" presented an animated scene and one which thrilled the heart as one realized the new order of things "in union there is strength" and the new, , brotherhood of man, where all work in harmony ' and unity. I , , . One of Colorado's fairest days filled with a wealth of sunshine, _the air balrny with a touch of the early fall, added to the pleasure of this delierhtful outing. The interior of the house was alive with the happy tourists who feasted off the roast lamb, rolls, pickles, jelly, chicken salad, cakes, coffee and above all, the Montrose fruit and cider, the viands were fit for an epicure. Commissioner Gillaspey and Mr.' Carpenter had charge of the barbecue, ably assisted bv Mr. and Mrs. Berry, who are in charge of the house. The ladies from Montrose and Gun- nison helped wait upon the crowd and all dined sumptuously and were loud in praise of the deli- cious dinner. After dinner speech making was in order. Attor- ney E. M. Nourse, president of the Gunnison Cham- ber of Commerce, delivered the address of wel- come, responded to by Mr. Schuyler, of Montrose. Congressman Taylor paid the Centennial Sta1:e a glowing tribute and the efforts being put forth by our people and would bring the attention of the government to this little celebration in the heart of the Rockies. Other speakers were : State Senator Schefmaho'fn of ■"Montrose, Judge C. H. Stone, Attorney J. B. Nash and Mrs. George Eastman, president of Gunnison W. R. C. No. 12, who ex- pressed a wish that Old Glory might wave from the "Half-way House" and the Corps of Montrose arid Gunnison unite in securing the flag and flagstaff. Commissioner Gillaspey acted as master of cere- monies' in his usual energetic manner which filled all with enthusiasm. Mr. and Mrs. Roundtree, the former a representative of Colliers, were present and were enthusiastic over the celebration and for what it stood. The Montrose and Gunnison press were represented, also the photographer from Mont- rose who secured many excellent photos. The dogs in the vicinity did their part in the celebration and added a, little excitement by chasing in a year old doe, which w'as- easily captured and was. an object of interest. The autornobiles began to leave for home about three o'clock and there was not an accident to mar the perfect day in the open. The people of Mont- rose are to be congratulated on their part of the road leading from Montrose to the half-way house, an,d for their loval support and enthusiasm, also the people of Gunnison. The road buildin? in this sec- tion marks a splendid piece of engineering and will be a big asset to the county. Commissioner Gil- laspey .was ably assisted in the work bv Mr. Cronin. A number stayed for the dance, which closed the festivities of the day. DO NOT forget, mining is not the trade of pieTii^s: it is not for little men — it is a tig business for l^ii; men. it demands nerve; vision and sajraoity. Avarice and timidity never mine. They may buv a ticket in a hat pool now and then; they may outfit a prospector with a side of bacon and a sack of flour, but they never develop. To win in any enterprise, ri=;\ must be taken. Success lies at the far end of a cordu- roy road, or upoii the far shore of a stormy sea. Thos° who cannot stand the jolting and bouncing, or ca"not race the tempest, had best walk along the shore. Suc- cess is a triumphant figure covered with scars aad bruises. The strong and rich are those who have dare-l. Savings bank depositors will never starve; thev wi'l always have something, but they will never know fVie thrill that comes with the sight of .e-olden argosies sail- ing into harbor under their own flag. — Part of address by ex-Governor Alva Adams. Molybd enum Said Mohave Mike to Alkali Ike, While old Tombstone Tom stood by, "We somehow must spile that tenderfoot's pile, Or find out the reason why. "Oh, here he comes now — let's ask fer a To sample that queer-named stuff; Maybe he's tryin' some new phony game. If so, we'll just call his bluff." piece "He says he wants ore called 'molly-be-damn,' He'll pay three dollars a pound. We never before heard of no sich ore. But shorely it can be found. The tenderfoot stopped and heard their request. Laughing at the quaint things they said. The moment they looked at the sample, they swore, "Oh, hell! that's nothin' but lead! "The Lord never made no kind of good rock What ain't in these old hills, Or else hid under the sand of some wash Waitin' for miners and mills. "Why, we found a mountain of that kind of ore — We thought it wa'nt wuth a 'bust' But if you will pay three dollars a pound, . You bet we'll harvest the dust." They hiked to the hills, their burros well packed, And they were feeling quite fine. They staked out a claim, one-third in each name — "The Molly-be-damn Lead Mine." — Mohave County Miner. A Letter From Home Gus Dinkelspiel Receives Welcome News from Fritz Schneiderbach. States of United, Sept. the Two. My dear Friend Gus: I now take my pen and "ink in hand to write you mit a lead pencil. Ve do not live vera ve used to live, ve lif vere ve haf moved. I hate to say it, but your old aunt, vot you loffed so veil, is ded. She died New Monia on New. Years day in New Orleans 15 minutes in front of fif. Some people think she had population of the heart. , The doctors gave her up all hope of saving her ven she died. Her breath leaked out. She leaves a family of two boys and two cow's. They found $100 sewed up in her bustle. It vas an awful lot of money to leave behind. She willed it to the boys; in case they die, the fortune goes to the cows. Old Mrs. Offenblock iss very sick. She iss just about at deaths door, but the doctor thinks he can pull her through. She hass such a nice poy. He is just like a human beast. I took him up to the hospital to see the- sick people and ve had a lovely time. Your brother Hans took our dog dowti to the sawmill yesterday to have a fight. He ran up against one of dem big circular saw's ; he only lasted one round. All the Goosenback family has got de mumps and are having a swell time. I am sending you back your overcoat by express ; in order to save extra charges I cut off the buttons ; you'll find them in the inside pocket. Mother is making sausages and the neighbors iss all looking for their dogs. We sent Hilda over to the butchers to see if he had some pigs feet and she came back and said she didn't know as the butcher had shoes on. I shoost graduated from der college. I took up electrocu- tion and physical torture. I got a chob in the livery stable as stenographer raking down hay for der horses. Louie Krazt was sick, the doctor told him to take something ; he vent down the street and met Ikey Cohen and took his vatch. Ikey had him arrested and got a lawyer. The lawyer got the case, but Louie got the vorks. Lena vent out to milk de cow, but de cow kicked her and gave her de milk punch. The flat was cold last week. Father called the janitor a lobster and he made it hot for him. He vas as cool as a vol- cano. Ve have about 20 chickens and a pug dog; the chickens are laying six eggs a day and de dog is laying behind the stove. Ve are having more weather up here dis year than last. Just heard they performed an operation on Mrs. Offenbeck between the dining room and the conservatory, but she died between eight and nine o'clock. They iss lots of minutes in front of life. Some peoples dying lately that never died before. Now i vish ve vere closer apart; i am awful lonesome since we separated together. Your brother Frank is getting along fine mit de small pox and hopes dis finds you der same. Hoping you vill written sooner as i did, i remain here your friend. FRITZ SCHNEIDERBACH. P. K. — If you don't get this letter let me kno\V and I'll write you anodder. 2 times P. K. — Have chust received dat fif dol- lars I owe you, but have closed up this letter and can't get it in. FRITZ. The Progressive Speeder (By George Ade.) ONCE there was a staid and well-behaved Citizen who took home a dab of Steak, wrapped in Brown paper, nearly every Evening, and found his Excite- ment by working on the Puzzle Column in the Church Paper. In order to run out to his Farm and save the Expense of keeping a horse, he purchased a kind of Highway Beetle known as' a Runabout. It was a One- Lunger with a Wheel Base of nearly 28 inches and two Coal Oil Lamps. When standing still it panted like a Newfoundland Dog and breathed Blue Smoke through the Gills. It steered with a Rudder, the same as a Canal Boat, and every time it started up a four per cent Grade it became Black in the Face and tried to lie down. When he had recovered from the first Frenzy of Joy over his successful effort to exceed the Speed Limit of twelve miles an Hour, he began to notice that all the large brutal-looking Cars with the swollen Wheels came along and tried to Ditch, him, and showed him the same courteous consideration that would be lavished upon a colored Republican Orator in Tuscaloosa, Ala. When he pulled up alongside the road to adjust the Buzzer and jiggle the Feed and clean the Plug, the idle spectators would stand around and remark that the Mixture was wrong and Ignition was Punk and the Transmission was a Fliv. So he knew he was in Wrong. He traded for a dashing Two-Cylinder Affair painted Red with a Tonneau as wide and roomy as a Telephone Booth, and approached from the extreme Rear by a small Door, as in the case of a Blind Pig. When he turned in the Runabout he was allowed one Outer Cas- ing and a Jack in Exchange. He was Some Motorist for about Three Weeks after the delivery of Juggernaut Number Two. He wore Leather Clothes, the same as Barney Oldfleld. In the absence of a Speedometer, he told what the Car could Do and got away with it. But when he bumped up against the Owners of the Big Touring Cars he was just as much at home as a One-Armed Man at a Husking Bee. He began to discover that in the Gasoline Set a Man is rated by the number of Cylinders he carries. At the beginning of the Third Season we find him steering a long, low, rakish Chariot of Fire, with a Clock, a Trunk Rack, and Emergency Ice Box and all the other Comforts of Home. He had learned to smell a Constable a Mile off, and whenever he ran up behind a Pewee Coffee Grinder he went into the High and made the Cheap Machine look like a Fish. Whenever the Bobbler pointed to anything short of sixty he felt that he was Just the same as standing still. He loved to throw out the Muffler and hit the High Spots, never stopping until the Wheels became clogged up with Live Stock and Poultry. At last he appeared on the Road with the Real Thing. It had Armor Plate all over it and a ten-foot Cow Catcher in front, and the Driver had to sit on the Small of his back and wear a Helmet. The Morning he ran it out of the Garage, a Promin- ent Insurance Company foreclosed on the Farm, but he was in a cheery mood, for he knew he could cut Rings around any other Balloon in the Country. One morning he went around a Curve on Two Wheels and tried to dislodge a New Bridge turned out by the Steel Trust and imbedded in Solid Concrete. A Neighbor went to the Widow and said: "I have Sad News for you. Your husband has gone to his Reward." "When did he start?" asked the Bereaved Woman. "At Ten Thirty-Eight," was the Reply. "What Time is it Now?" "It lacks Four Minutes of being Eleven O'Clock." "Well," she remarked, in a Relieved Tone, "He must be There by this Time, unless he has had a Puncture." — Haynes Pioneer. The Prospector ONE day a year ago, when J. P. Jones of Nevada was in the United States senate, the doorkeeper sent him the card of a man who solicited a brief interview. "What does he look like?" asked Jones. "A substantial looking man, from the West I should say," was the reply. "Well, tell him I will see him," said Jones. The man arose as Jones entered the room and said: "I am sorry to have troubled you, senator, but I wanted to ask you if you would sell your interest in your Alaska property?" "Indeed I will," said Jones, "but tell me what prop- erty I have in Alaska." "Did you not give Jim $300 about ten years ago, to go prospecting with?" "Jim," muttered Jones, "O, yes, the cuss was per- sistent and I gave him the dab of money to be able to shake him." "Well," said the stranger, "he located you in a claim all right and has kept up the assessments and paid the taxes every year. The property is of some value now, and I would like to. buy your interest in it if it is for sale." "How much is the property worth?" asked Jones. "I do not know what it is worth, but I would be willing to pay you $100,000 for your interest," was the reply. The property is part of the Treadwell ground at Juneau, Alaska. The records are filled with just such incidents. In the early days men bunched together and sent out prospectors. Of late the prospector has be- come an almost unknown quantity, partly because silver mines have lost much of their charm, and second, be- cause it is so hard for a poor man to cling to a prospect and keep his little title good until it is enough de- veloped to attract attention. But when the prospector quits, then mining is gen- erally limited to what has already been discovered, and the best mines are worked out after awhile. In the old days when the boys "put up" for the pros- pector they called it gambling and were prepared in advance to lose philosophically. That gambling, or some other plan will have to be resorted to, or mines will become scarce after a few years more. — Goodwin's Weekly. Wealth Hardly Disturbed NOT hundreds but thousands of mines and prospects are being developed in the West, and the wealth of the nation is being added to daily at a rate that is both gratifying and astounding. The mountains are like ant hills, where swarms of human ants are busily employed in delving deep into the earth in quest of riches. Many as they are, there seems always room for others, while the number of more or less promising prospects to be found apparently has no limit. Millions of dollars worth of ore has been extracted from the Rockies, yet the wealth of these vast ridges of rock and earth has hardly been disturbed. While mil- lions have thus been taken, billions yet remain. Enough ore rests quiescent in the hills to employ the energies of mankind for many centuries to come, in spite of the great army of men now constantly engaged in the vocation of mining. Pew easterners and comparatively few westerners realize how extensive the mining industry is in this country. They may believe that a few hundred names would enumerate all of the mines and coming mines of the West, whereas there are actually many thous- ands of these properties either being worked or lying dormant. It is no wonder that the mining industry is given a rank at least second to agriculture in import- ance. It is a very close second at that. Investors and prospectors need have no fear of the metal supply becoming scarce. If they come to the West and seek with sufficient energy they will find the wealth they crave. Colorado is the Land of Opportunity. There is More Undeveloped Wealth in Colorado than in any equal area in the World. — Thomas R. Henahen, Colorado Commissioner of Mines. The New Palace Hotel and Cafe European steam Heat. % Block from Depot Everything Modern and Up-to-Date.- Prices, 50c, 75c and $1.00. Telephone Red 642 Miller Hotel, Canon City, under same management. J. E. MILLER, Proprietor SALIDA, COLO. The lola Mercantile Company General Merchandise DRY GOODS BOOTS AND SHOES GROCERIES MINERS' SUPPLIES, ETC. W. S. BURTISS Manager lOLA, COLORADO. SPORTSMEN'S HOTEL J. J. CARPENTER, Proprietor. Twenty New Cottages in Connection. On the line of the D. & R. G. Ry. between Gunnison and Sapinero. PUBLIC GARAGE THE RAINBOW ROUTE LROM COAST TO COAST PASSES WITHIN 100 YARDS OP THIS HOTEL. The Denver Post has for some years offered $50 in gold for an 8-pound, $25 for a 7-pound, $15 for a 6- pound and $10 for a 5-pound Colorado trout caught in running water. This prize has been, claimed 10 times. Six were caught at CeboUa. Best Shooting Grounds in the West. CEBOLLA, GUNNISON COUNTY, COLO. The RAINBOW HOTEL MRS. H. S. CARPENTER, Prop. Rates $2.00 Per Day. Special Rates by the Week or Month. Located on the Gunnison River and near such smaller trout streams as the Lake Fork, Soap and Elk Creeks. MINERAL SPRINGS WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE. Hotel Opposite Railroad Station and Close to River. Daily Mail and Telegraph Office. SAPINERO, COLORADO. ELK MOUNTAIN HOTEL THE ONLY HOTEL GEO. N. HUBBARD, Prop. Headquarters for Commercial and Mining Men. Centrally Located. Beautiful Scenery. A Good Re- freshing Summer Home for Tour- ists and Families at Reasonable Rates. Good Hunting and Fishing in season. CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO BANK OF CRESTED BUTTE (State Bank No. 24) Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits $35,000.00 Total Resources, . . $150,000.00 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: J. W. ROCKEFELLER President C. J. DIEL Vice President W. H. WHALEN Vice President C. L. ROSS Vice President and Cashier G. V. BENSON Assistant Cashier GENERAL BANKING PROMPT COLLECTIONS FOREIGN EXCHANGE DOMESTIC EXCHANGE TRAVELER'S CHECKS SAFETY DEPOSIT BOXES SERVES THE GOTHIC, ELKO, SCHOFIELD, IRWIN, PITTSBURG AND FLORESTA MINING DISTRICTS. C. L. ROSS, ROSS, DIEL & COMPANY, Notary Public. Fire Insurance and Real Estate. ANGUS TAYLOR, M. a DRUGS MEDICINRS ANTON DANN FRUIIS AND CONFECTIONS Cigars, Tobaccos and Smokers' Supplies. School and Office Supplies. Books and Stationery. Agency Columbia Phonographs and Records. Ice Cream and Soda in Season. CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO. PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED WITH ACCURACY TOILET GOODS KODAKS AND FILMS FISHING TACKLE CIGARS, PIPES ETC. The Traveler and Tourist will find a select stock of all kinds of tourists' accessories at attractive prices. CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO. MARllN VERZUH General Merchandise BOOTS AND SHOES MEATS and GROCERIES CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO. GUNNISON COUNTY Graphite Molybdenite, Lead Zinc and Silver Mines FOR SALE If interested write S. C. ROBINSON or W. SCOTT HUMASON CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO. l£lk fllbountain mot PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 PER YEAR. Prints all the news of all the mines of Crested Butte and vicinity. Keep in touch with your investments by subscrib- ing for The Pilot. CRESTED BUTTE, COLORADO. "The Newspaper That's Different." ®lf^ liarbb MaasUt Published at Marble, Gunnison County, Colorado. Stories of the Big Outdoors; Fishing and Hunting Stories; Stories of the Crystal River; stories of mines and the largest marble quarries in the world — that's what you'll find in the Booster, with many pictures. The paper circulates in every state in the Union and we seldom lose a subscrib- er. Send for a sample copy. By the year, ?2; 6 months, $1. ADDRESS FRANK P. FROST, Editor and Proprietor MARBLE, COLORADO. "Marble is our name" The largest deposit of Marble is what "Pore White Marble" we produce in the world HENRY MERTENS MARBLE, COLO. "THE TOWN WITH A FUTURE" Jewelry, Sporting Goods Hardware, Miners' Supplies Paints and Oils and Housefurnishings Mike Welch, Pres. Joe Faussone, V. P. and Treas. Ernest Mazza, Sec. and Gen, Mgr. The Marble Trading Company Incorporated General Merchandise DEALERS IN Clothing, Shoes, Dry Goods Hats and Caps Fancy Groceries Fresh and Salt Meats Hardware Floor and Feed MARBLE, COLORADO. FRESH AND SALT MEATS. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN SEASON. The Marble Market and Grocery Staple, and Fancy Groceries A. GALLO & SONS, Proprietors. MARBLE, COLORADO: The Larkin Hotel Commercial and Tourist Trade a Specialty RATES REASONABLE. One Block North C. R. & S. J. Station. MARBLE, COLORADO. W. M. DINKEL, President. W. L. GIRDNER, Cashier. W. D. PARRY, Vice President. OSCAR HOLLAND, Vice President. , . .. L. C. SUMMERS, Assistant Cashier. The Marble Gty State Bank GENERAL BANKING Start a Bank Account with us and Watch It Grow. SAFE DEjPOSIT VAULTS Place your valuables, jewelry and documents in our Fire and Burglar Proof Vault. YOUR BUSINESS IS DESIRED AND WILL BE GIVEN EFFICIENT AND CAREFUL ATTENTION. Inquiries Promptly Answered. Your Correspondence Solicited. THE MARBLE CITY STATE BANK MARBLE. COLORADO Hot Radium Springs, Sanitarium, and Waunita Hotel The Famous Health and Pleasure Resort of Gunnison County. Rates, including Baths, $2.00 Per Day and upward Write us for Descriptive Circular. STITZER BROTHERS, Proprietors WAUNITA SPRINGS COLORADO The Stearns-Roger Manufacturing Company Established 1885. CONTRACTORS Smelting Works Cyanide Mills Concentration Mills Beet Sugar Factories AGENTS Ingersoll-Rand Co.'s Rock Drills and Air Compressors Wheeler Condenser & Eng. Co. Biittner Drying Machinery Wetherill Magnetic Separators ' Hydro-Electric Machinery MANUFACTURERS Mining and Milling Machinery Beet Sugar Machinery WORKS AT PUEBLO Office, 1718-1720 California St. DENVER, - - - COLORADO Leadville Drill Column Hoist This Hoist is certainly the real thing for general utility work around a mine. It is compact and light (weight only 200 pounds), yet pulls' a 700-pound load easily. The engine on the Leadville Hoist is double acting and reversible. It is very compact. Only three moving parts. The Brake will hold any load easily. Hundreds of these hoists are now in use. They wouldn't be if they were not what we claim for them — Safe, Compact, Well Built, Convenient and Practical in every sense of the word. Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg. and Supply Co. Denver, Colorado MACHINERY New and Second Hand The Largest Stock of Machinery, both new and used, in the world for Send for Latest Stock List We Buy, Sell or Trade Machinery of all kinds MINING, MILLING SMELTING IRRIGATION The Morse Bros. Machinery & Supply Co. 1732 Wazee Street, Denver mvining - AND , I fiNANClA^^ thedailYp:::^.^:^, record THE ONLY DAILY MINING NEWSPAPER !N THE WORLD ESTABLISHED 18 89 PUBLISHED EVERY BUSINESS DAY The West's Big Daily Mining Newspaper that has been at the christening of every new mining camp and oil field for the past quarter of a century. The circulation of The Record is Inter- nationaJ, it having subscribers in every state of the Union, in Canada and abroad. The Record is the connecting link be- tween the mining and oil operator seeking development funds and the small investor and big capitalist with money to invest. The Record gives its subscribers a news, quotation and information service not ob- tainable through any other publication. Subscription Rates: Daily, $5 per year; Wednesday and Satur- day, $3 per year; Saturday or Weekly Edition, ?2 per year. FREE-SAMPLE COPIES UPON REQUEST The Daily Mining and Financial Record 1829-31 Champa St., Denver, Colorado Coal Produced in Gunnison County (Year 1915) 440,964 Tons BALDWIN COAL which is included in this figure, is the best domestic coal produced in Gunnison County and, in fact, in Colorado. It has practically no soot, does not clinker and is a free burning coal. It is handled by practically all dealers of high grade coals in Gunnison County. Ask your Dealer for GENUINE BALDWIN COAL MINED BY The Rocky Mountain Fuel Company Miners and Wholesalers of High Grade Bituminous and Anthracite Coals General Offices, Foster Building, DENVER, COLORADO The COLORADO FUEL & IRON COMPANY MINERS OF High Gfade Domestic Coals Anthracite and Bitummons , i- ^AS WELL AS Steam Coals^ Coking and Non-Coking Also Coke '■ . ■ , > -^ - -V,- ' -' . Mantifacttifefs of Steel Rails /All Sizes, and Fastentngs fo'jr S^me-^- Mei*cliant Bars Iron and Steel ' . -. / Nails and Barbed Wire Other Wire Mill Products, Including: Fence, Poultry Netting, Bale Ties, Etc. V General Office : Denver, Colprado