H ^1 4- .<• p' CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY F 27P38W"'"'""'^'-"'"^ "'^'SfflflimiimiMiNiinS^ "3'"e; wfth olin 3 1924 028 809 576 Overs DATE DUE MATTT "'ft T\ " .tO-JJ - * ^. 4sSm ^bmm ^ #'■ Interiibra fy Luuii CAVLORO ^^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028809576 ,^^^^^..^J^^^ • ■ tr HA ^ I 1626 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE, WITH Illustrations and Biographical Sketches, CLEVELAND: WILLIAMS, CHASE & CO. 1882'. IB PREFACE. It is hoped that this book is redeemed from the sweeping reproach of Walpole: "Read me anything but history, for history must be false;" or the scope of Napoleon's question: "What is history, but a fiction agreed upon?" It will need, however, the abounding charijy of De Quincey's eloquent phrase: "Two strong angels stand by the side of history, * * as heraldic supporters — the angel of research on the left hand, that must read millions of dusty parchments and of pages blotted with lies; the angel of meditation on the right hand, that must cleanse these lying records with fire, even as of old the draperies of asbestos were cleansed, and must quicken them into regenerated life. Willingly I acknowledge that no man will ever avoid in- numerable errors of detail; with so vast a compass of ground to traverse, this is impossible." That this book is superior, in the points of accuracy and fullness, to all others of its class, the compilers do not claim; but it is hoped that in these particulars the History is equal to the best of them. It is recommended that every reader, before entering upon the perusal of its pages, use the table of errata, at the end of the work, in the careful correction of its pages with pen or pencil. Many errors of typography, and some of statement, will thus disap- pear. It will be observed, also, that important parts of the History supplement each other. Judge Godfrey, for ex- ample, has fortunately enlarged the scope of his Annals far beyond the limits of Bangor; and if the separate sketches of Brewer, Orrington, Hampden, and many other towns, seem insufficient, additional matter of abounding interest will be found in the Bangor division of the book. Further histories of Dexter, Bradley, Passadumkeag, etc., received late in the course of print- ing, are also comprised in the Appendix. It was inevitable, however, that parts of the book would scarcely prove equal to the expectation of some of its readers. An immense tract was to be traversed, in both time and geographical area; a large General History was to be made up, in justice to the most important county of Eastern Maine. Separate sketches were to be made of the history of one city, fifty-five towns, and seven organized plantations — a number of these settled by civilization more than a century ago; and it soon be- came certain, in the preparation of this work, that, within the limits necessarily prescribed for it (large as it is, com- prising more than a million of words), it would be simply impossible to make the history of all localities equally full and satisfactory. It only remained for the compilers and their aids to do th^ best that was practicable, with the materials at hand, and leave the generosity and good sense of their readers to accept the result as such. Acknowledgments to books and persons are so amply and frequently made in the course of the chapters that it is deemed unnecessary to repeat them here. The grateful thanks of the compilers are due to them, and to all others who may have contributed to the literary as well as pecuniary success of this important venture. For the biographical feature of this book the compilers have, with few exceptions, no responsibility. January 3, 1882. CONTENTS HISTORICAL. GENERAL HISTORY. CHAPTER. PASI CHAPTER. man. Medway ...... 42 I. — Description of the county . 9 Milford .• ■ 90 II.— The Penobscot Indians 29 Mount Chase ...... 42 III. — ^The Discoverers . , . . . 46 Newburg ....... • 42 IV. — Geographical Designations Sr Newport ...... 43 V. — Colonization and Settlement 65 Orono ....... • 44 VI.— The Missionaries 70 Oldtown ...... 45 VII.— County Organization — Civil iist 73 Orrington ....... . 4KS VIII.— Land Titles— Growth 77 Passadumkeag ..... 475-^1 IX. — Military Record of Penobscot County 86 Patten ....... • 47 X. — Agricultural and other Societies r64 Plymouth ...... 4« XI.— The Maine State College . 17D Plantations ...... So6-Sr XII.— Ecclesiastical History 176 Prentiss ...... 48 XIII.— The Bangor Theological Seminary ■ 177 Springfield ....... . 48 XIV.— The Press in Penobscot County 18S Stetson ...... 49 XV.— Roads, Railroads apd Telegraphs . 191 Veazie ....... ■ 49 XVI.— The Bench and Bar of Penobscot 195 Winn ....... 49 XVII.— Bibliography of Penobscot County . aaS THE ANNALS OF BANGOR— l76<)-i882. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGE! 3. CHAPTER. PAGE Alton ...... • 247 I. — r769 to 1776 . . , . • • 51 Argyle ...... 249 II. — 1770 to 1780 .... 52 Bradford ...... . 251 III.— 1780 to 1785 ..... ■• 52 Bradley ..... • aSS-8SS IV.— 1785 to 1800 .... S3 Brewer ...... . asS v.— 1800 to 180S ..... • 54 Burlington ..... 269 VI.— 1805 to 1811 .... 54 Carmel ...... .. 372 |VII.— 1811-1812-1813 .... ■ 55 Carroll ^76 VIII.— 1814 ..... 55 Charleston - 379 IX.— 181S to 1816 ..... • 57 Chester ..... 283 X.— 1817 57 Clifton ...... . 390 XI.— 1818 • 57 Corinna 293 XII.— 1819 . • . 58 Carinth . ... - 306 XIII.— 1820 • 59 Dexter . . 3ia-86i XIV.— 1821 59 IMxmont . . . . ■ ■ 323 XV.— 1822 60 Eddington . ... 333 XVI.— 1823 6C3 Edinburg . . • 339 XVII.— 1824 . 61 Enfield ..... 34a XVIII.— 1825 61 Etna ...... • 343 XIX.— 1826 62 Exeter ...... 86g XX.— 1827 63 Goiland ...... ■ 35* XXI.— 1828 . 64 Glenbum ..... 359 XXII.— 1829 64 Gieenbush ...... . 3^ XXIIL— 1830 ■ 6s Greenfield ..... 30& XXIV.— 1831 65 Hampden . . . . ■ ■ 368 XXV.— 1832 . . . • 65 Hermon ..... 379 XXVI.— 1833 66 Holden ...... ■ 382. XXVII.— 1834 . 66 Howland ..... 387 XXVIII.— 183s 6; Hudson ...... • 390 XXIX.— 1836 . 68 I^enduskeag ..... 39s XXX.— 1837 ..... 69 Kingman ...... ■ 396' XXXI.— Subsequent History of Bangor, 1838-1881 • 71 Lagrange ..... 398 XXXII.— The Churches of Bangor 71 Levant ...... • 4»3 XXXIII.— The Public Charities of Bangor • 73 Lee 8S4 XXXIV.— Associations and Clubs . 73 Lincoln ...... • 4*>8- XXXV.— The Water Works .... ■ 7 = Lowell 4»S XXXVI.— Civil List of Bangor 75 SCattawamkeag . . . - - • 894 XXXVII.— Bangor Biographies .... • 7i Mattamiscontis . . . ■ 4*9* XXXVIII— Settlement Notes 78 Maxfield ■ 4jaa XXXIX.— Township Biographies . 3a ■^ APPENDIX. Appendix to GenerarHistory . Appendix to Bradley. Dexter. . . ^ . Exeter . •'. CONTENTS. Lee 847 Mattawamkeag 8SS Milford . 861 Passadumkeag 869 Addenda 894 901 911 914 BIOGRAPHICAL. Appleton, Hon. John, LL. D. Allen, Hon. Frederick H. Allen, Hon. Elisha H. Abbot, Hon. William ApplRon, Frederick H. Appleton, Moses L. Appleton, General John F. . ' Ayer, Horatio S. Brown, Hon. Enoch Barker, Hon. Lewis Barker, Lewis A. Barker, David Bartlett, Ichabod D. Bailey, Charles A. Blanchard, John A. Blake, William A. Bond, Francis Eugene Burgess, James H. Brastow, Captain Billings Barker, Hon. Lewis, Boutelle, Captain Charles A. Brown, William H., M. D. Beal, Flavius O. . Bryant, Charles D. Bragg, Warren A. Butman, Samuel Chesley, Samuel Cutting, Jonas, LL. D. Chandler, Peleg Crosby, Hon. Josiah Chandler, Theophilus P. . Copeland, Thomas J. Crosby, William C. ... Chamberlain, Horace B. Chamberlain, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain, Joshua L. Comins, Lieutenant L. M. Case, Captain Isaac Winslow Carleton, Brigadier General James H. Chapman, AdolphusJ. . . ' Crosby, Captain Henry Dutton, Hon. Samuel E. Donigan, James A. Davis, Governor D. F. Emery, Marcellus Eddy, Colonel Jonathan Ellis, Captain Osco A. Egery, Hon. Thomas N. Eddy, Jonathan Fuller, Lieutenant Colonel George Foster, Major Benjamin B. Flanders, Reuben Folsom, Dr. A. P. Folsom, Major M. M. Fernald, M. C. Fuller, Henry D. Godfrey, Hon. John Godfrey, James Goodenow, Hon. Henry C. Gilman, Hon. AUen Gilman, Charles Gamsey, Samuel Greenwood, Charles Gardner, Hon. John Hathaway, Hon. Joshua W. Hill, Hon. Thomas A. Humphrey, Hon. Samuel F. PAGE. . 201 and 763 Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal 205 Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal . 211 Hamlin, Hon. Elijah L. 213 Hamlin, General Charles . 222 HiUiard, William T. . 222 Hobbs, Frederick . 225 Hill, Joshua . 830 Hill, Colonel Francis 207 Hodsdon, Sergeant Israel 217 Hatchings, Colonel Jasper . 217 Hill, Brevet Brigadier General Jonathan A. . 224 . Hill, Captain Henry F. 224 Hersey, General S. F. 225 Hunt, Abel ■ 225 Haines, Dr. George A. 226 Hill, Hon. Francis W. 226 Hammond, John R. 227 Huston, Nicholas R. . 261 Haynes, George H. 764 Hodsdon, General Isaac . 766 and 915 IngersoU, George W. . , 767 Jewett, Hon. Albert G. • 783 Jordon, Edward 786 Kent, Hon. Edward, L.L. D. . 813 Kent, Hon. Edwaid, L.L. D. 918 Leonard, Oliver . 287 Ladd, Hon. George W. 202 Lord, Henry 212 Laughton, Dr. Sumner 216 and 825 Laughton, Hon. Frederick M. 220 McGaw, Hon. Thornton 223 McGaw, Jacob 223 Moody, George B. 227 McCrillis, David . 261 McCrillis, William H. 262 Mitchell, Henry L. ■ 335 McFadden, T. F. 393 Mayo, Captain Ezekiel R. • 449 Mudge Enoch R. "82 Morison, Hon. John • 372 Nichols, Lemuel 20s Oakman, Major Ora . 227 Cakes, Captain Samuel J. 823 Plaisted, Hon. Harris M. . • 224 Peters, Hon. John A. 334 . Perham, Hon. David 410 1 Plaisted, Hon. Harris M. 779 : Prentiss, Hon. Henry E. 842 ; Paine, Albert W. 314 ' Palmer, Surgeon Alden D. ■ 45° PuUen, Colonel Frank D. 828 ■ Plaisted, Hon. William • 833 Rowe, James S. 834 ; Rogers, Jonathan P. _ • 835 Rogers, Lieutenant. Edwin S. 314 : Ruggles, Major Hiram 208 1 Ruggles, Lieutenant G. H. 208 1 Sanborn, Hon. Daniel 210 Stetson, Hon. Charles 212 Stetson, Charles P. 219 Sewall, George P. 219 i Starrett, George ■ 30s ■ Sanborn, Abraham 837 . Stearns, Lewis C. . 202 Sanger, Dr. E. F. 209 Seavy, Dr. Calvin 210 Sargent, Deacon Daniel PAGE. 213 760 214 . 214 221 223 226 ■ 917 314 227 492 492 777 786 837 . 838 839 840 220 211 838 203 761 2t8 763 . 766 770 • 771 209 . 218 220 222 222 225 225 ■ 371 472 824 784 ■ 3" 476 between 64-65 204 204 211 216 222 • 449 781 829 219 219 479 821 822 207 210 210 215 219 228 228 768 • 771 820 CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL. Sprague, Volney A. Shaw, Hon. Charles Smith, Hon. Asa . Shaw, E. W. . Smith, Hon. Joseph L. Thissell, Hon. John Vose, Hon. Thomas W. . Veazie, General Samuel Veazie, Jones P. Williamson, Hon. William D. Washburn, Hon. Israel Wakefield, Hon. Albert G. Wilson, Nathaniel Weston, Nathan Jr. Weeks, Matthias . Whitney, George W. . Wilson, Franklin A. Wilson, Joseph C. Washburn, Lieutenant Israel H. Woods, Hon. Noah Webber, John Prescott Wadleigh, Jesse R. Wadleigh, Moses P. Webster, Eben Wilson, Surgeon ]. B. 223 224 227 228 228 449 773 780 831 832 835 883 ILLUSTRATIONS, Map of Penobscot County . Portrait of General Samuel Veazie Portrait of Governor H. M. Plaisted Portrait of D. F. Davis , County Buildings . Ut^ Portrait of Lewis A. Barker . , Residence of A. F. Bradbury IcV^ Portrait of General Isaac Hodsdon Portrait of Dr. E. F. Sanger Portrait of Major M. M. Folsom Portrait of Lieutenant G. H. Ruggles Maine State Agricultural College Portrait of M. C. Fernald . Portrait of C. A. Boutelle Portrait of Noah Woods Portrait of Hon. John Appleton Portrait of Hon. John E. Godfrey Portrait of Hon. Josiah Crosby Residence of Greenville J. Shaw Portrait of Charles P. Church Portrait of Cyrus P. Church Portrait of Thomas R. Kingsbury Portrait of D. S. Humphrey Portrait of Deacon Daniel Sargent Residence of J. B. Benjamin Portrait of Major Hiram Ruggles Portrait of Thomas J. Peaks View ot Eureka Mills Portrait of Hon. John Thissell Portrait of Reuben Flanders View of Amos Abbott & Co's Mills Portrait of Colonel Jonathan Eddy Portrait of T. P. Bachelder Portrait of Hon. William Plaisted -^ Portrait of William R. Ayer Portrait of E. W. Shaw Portrait of Dr. John Benson Residence of B. P. Gilman Portrait of Jesse R. Wadleigh Residence of Eben Webster . AA* Portrait of J. L. Smith Portrait of Dr. A. P. Folsom Residence of Dr. A. P. Folsom Residence of M. M. Folsom yirv \^ PAGE. Frontispiece between 32- 33 facing 65 facing 73 facing 75 between 82- 83 facing 89 facing 95 between 112-113 facing 117 between 152-153 facing 170 facing 172 between 186-187 facing 193 facing 201 facing 208 facing 2r6 facing 244 facing 251 facing 252 facing 2S3 facing 254 between 258-259 facing 273 between 274-275 facing 282 facing 30s between 312-313 facing 318 facing 320 facing 334 between 394-395 facing 409 facing 414 facing 437 facing 442 between 444-445 facing 448 facing 449 between 454-4^5 between 458-459 between 458-459 facing 466 Portrait of John Gardner .^ Residence of John Gardner Portrait of John R. Hammond Residenceof John R. Hammond Cream Brook Farm . Residence of Samuel E. Stetson. Residence of Edward and John Jordun , Residence of Porter G. Wiggin Portrait of Alvin Haynes Portrait of Charles A. Haynes Portrait of George H. Haynes Portrait of N. R. Huston Residence of N. R. Huston Map of Bangor in 1798 . Portrait of Hon. Lewis Barker Portrait of Thomas N. Egery Portrait of G. W. Ladd "Map oi Bangor in 1820 . Map of Bangor in 1820 Portrait of Lemuel Nichols Portrait of J. E. Chapman . Bangor Planing Mill Portrait of Hon. Henry Lord Portrait of F. O. Beal . View of Bangor House Portrait of Jones P. Veazie Portrait of Abel Hunt Portrait of F. V. PuUen . Portrait of F. M. Laughton* St. Xavier's Convent Portrait of Dr. Sumner iL,aughton Portrait of J. P. Webber Store of Thurston, Bragg & Co, Residence of Hon. John Morison Portrait of Volney A. Sprague Portrait of Thomas M. Plaisted Portrait of George A. Haines Dexter Woolen Mills Residence of Hon. Josiah Crosby Portrait of F. W. Hill . Residence and portrait of Asa Smith Portrait of Colonel Francis Hill Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Hill PAGE, between 478-479 between 478-479 between 480-481 between 480-481 between 490-491 facing 492 facing 493 facing 494 between 838-839 between 838-839 . between 838-839 between 500-501 between 500-501 facing 515 between 524-525 between 544-545 between 570-571 between 590-591 between 590-591 facing 592 facing 600 facing 608 between 624-625 between 644-645 between 644-645 facing 652 facing 656 between 702-703 between 712-713 facing 731 between 734-735 facing 741 facing 813 facing 824 facing 827 facing 829 facing 861 facing 865 facing 863 facing 879 facmg 897 between 916-915 between 9r6-gi7 HISTORY OF Penobscot County, Maine, CHAPTER I. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY. Geographical — Its Situation, Size, Boundaries, Subdivisions, and Population — The Penobscot River — Scenery of the Bay — The Ac- counts of Rozier, Dr. Kohl, Wells, and Williamson — Lumbering on the River — The Soil of Penobscot — Arable and Waste Lands — Agricultural Adaptation of Wild Lands — Geology of the County — Bangor and Vicinity^From Holden to Charleston — Argillo-mica Schist — Mica Schist in Carroll — About Lakeville Plantation — The East Branch of the Penobscot — Working the Slate — History of the Brownville Quarries — "Horsebacks" — Marble and Limestones — The Manufacture of Lime — Trap Rock — Granite in Northern Maine — Sundry Geological Notes — Travelers' Descriptions — Steele — Thorn eau — ^Audubon. GEOGRAPHICAL. The county of Penobscot, in the State of Maine, is .altogether an inland subdivision, no part of its territory abutting upon the seacoast. It occupies, however, almost the whole of the valley of the Penobscot, nearly the whole of the main stream of that river, the entire East branch, except its furthest headwaters, and many miles of the West branch, lying within the borders of this county. The lower part of the county is nearly in the middle of the State, on an east and west line from Passamaquoddy Bay. On a north and south line, how- ever, its boundaries are much nearer to the sea than to the river St. John, the northern limit of the State, and the entire northern half of the county approaches within thirty to fifty miles of the State line on the east, while it is at all points more than twice as far from the western boundaries of the State. It is the principal county of Eastern Maine, and one of the largest and most import- ant in the Commonwealth. It has a total area of two thousand seven hundred and sixty square miles, or one million seven hundred and sixty-six thousand four hun- dred acres. Its extreme length, from the northernmost boundary, the north line of section eight, of the eighth range, to the southernmost point, the projection of Or- rington town into Hancock county, is one hundred and seventeen and one-half miles. Its breadth varies from a little more than eighteen miles, down the county from the north Hne for about forty-five miles, to fifty and one- half miles in extreme width, on a belt of eight miles' width from Dexter and the north part of Corinna east- ward. The breadth from Carroll, Prentiss, and Drew Plantation westward, is the same as that of the lower part of the county, say the latitude of Bangor — forty miles; which is shortened in the southernmost portion, from Dixmont eastward, by about three miles. The boundaries of the county, although quite irregu- lar, are almost wholly in right lines. It has no "natural boundaries," except at the southwest part of Orrington, where the Penobscot separates its territory from the northeast corner of Waldo county. Its entire periphery or boundary has a length, very nearly, of three hundred and fifty-three miles. It is bounded on the north by Aroostook and Piscataquis counties; on the east by Aroostook, Washington, and Hancock; on the south — that part of the county east of the Penobscot by Han- cock county, that west of the river by Waldo county, on the west (Dixmont) by Waldo, (Plymouth to Dexter), Somerset, and (the rest of the county) Piscataquis coun- ties. The famous eminence of the wilderness. Mount Katahdin, is just outside the western boundary, on the lat- itude of Stacyville town; also Lake Seboeis, to the west- ward of Woodville and Chester. Between these towns and the lake is the Mattainiscontis mountain, a height of respectable altitude, about six miles from the west line of the county. The organized towns of Penobscot county are Alton, Argyle, Bangor, Bradford, Bradley, Brewer, Burlington, Carmel, Carroll, Charleston, Chester, CHfton, Corinna, Corinth, Dexter, Dixmont, Eddington, Edinburg, En- field, Etna, Exeter, Garland, Glenburn, Greenbush, Greenfield, Hampden, Hermon, Holden, Howland, Hudson, Kenduskeag, Kingman, Lagrange, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Lowell, Mattamiscontis, Mattawamkeag, Max- field, Medway, Milford, Mount Chase, Newport, New- burgh, Oldtown, Orono, Orrington, Passadumkeag, Pat- ten; Plymouth, Prentiss, Springfield, Stetson, Veazie, and Winn — fifty-six in all. The organized plantations are Drew, Lakeville, Stacyville, Webster, Woodville, No. i (North Bingham, Penobscot Purchase), and No. 2, Grand Falls Plantation — eight in number. Unorganized plantations are Pattagumpus, Whitney Ridge, West In- dian, township A, range 7; No. 3; Nos. 2 and 3, range 3; No. 2, range 4; No. 2, range 6; No. 2, range 9; No. 3, range i — eleven. The population of the county, according to the census of 1880, was seventy thousand four hundred and seventy- eight. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The great physical feature of the county is, of course, the PENOBSCOT RIVER. The Indian name of this renowned stream, which has been taken also by an ancient town in Hancock cpunty, and by the great county which nearly fills its valley, is Penobskeag or Penobscook— the former having the well-known termination keag, found in many appellatives in this State, and meaning place — the whole word signi- fying "the place of rocks." The French, in their efforts to represent the Indian sounds- by their alphabet, called the river Pentaquevett, which became shortened into Pentagoet — a designation by which the remains of the old fort on the margin of the water at Castine are still known. But the men of Plymouth, who established their trading-post at or near the same spot in 1826, are be- lieved to have been the first to name the river as Penob- scot. It received other titles in the course of civilized exploration on these shores — as the river of Norumbega, the Rio de Gomez, and others which will appear hereafter. The scenery of the bay and river of Penobscot is widely celebrated for its picturesque character and beauty. The lines of Whittier, in his musical verse embodying the legend of the Tarratine sachem, Mogg Megone, furnish a fitting introduction to the scene : Beneath the westward-turning eye A thousand wooded islands lie, — Their thousand tints of beauty glow Down in the restless waves below. There sleeps Placentia's group, — There, gloomily against the sky The Dark Isles rear their summits high; And Desert Rock, abrupt and bare, Lifts its gray turrets in the air, — Seen from afar, like some stronghold Built by the ocean-kings of old ; And, faint as smoke-wreath, white and thin. Swells in the north vast Katahdin ; And, wandering from its marshy feet. The broad Penobscot comes to meet And mingle with its own bright bay. The historian of Weymouth's voyage, M. Rozier, eulo- gizes the stream up which the explorer pushed, whatever it may have been (probably the Penobscot), in the warm- est terms. His praises are well worthy the Penobscot waters : As we passed with a gentle wind up with our ship in this river, any man may conceive with what admiration we all consented in joy. Many of our company, who had been travellers in sundry countries and in the most famous rivers, yet affirmed them not comparable to this they now beheld. Some that were with Sir Walter Raleigh in his voyage to Guiana, in the discovery of the river Orenoque, which echoed fame to the world's ears, gave reasons why it was not to be compared with this, which wanteth the dangers of many shoals and broken ground wherewith that was incumbered. Others before that notable river in the West Indies, called Rio Grande; some before the river of Loire, the river Seine and of Bordeaux, in- France, which, though they be great and goodly rivers, yet is it no detraction from them to be ac- counted inferior to this. The first chapter of Dr. J. G. Kohl's "History of the Discovery of the East Coast of North America," printed in the first volume of the second series of the Maine Historical Collections, contains the following interesting remarks upon this great inland water, which Dr. Kohl rightly designates as by far the most important river of the State. He says further : It drains the entire central part of Maine. All its heads and tribu- taries are included in the territory of the State, and this territory may be considered as having attached itself from all sides to this river sys- tem. The State of Maine might be called the Penobscot country, this river being its main artery. The Penobscot, at its mouth, forms the largest and most beautiful of all the numerous bays or inlets of the coast, and is very deep, and nav- igable for the largest vessels about sixty miles from the ocean upward to the city of Bangor,- where tides and vessels are stopped by rocks and falls. The widely open mouth attracted the attention of all the exploring navigators sailing along the coast and it was visited by the Spaniards on their first exploring expedition to our regions. We see it depicted on the Spanish maps as the longest river of the whole region, and they gave to it names like the following: " Rio Grande" (the great river), or ' ' Rio Hermoso " (the beautiful river). And the principal of the ear- ly Spanish explorers of these regions, Gomez, left his name to this river, which, perhaps, he considered to be one of his most important discoveries. It was sometimes called "Rio de Gomez" (the river of Gomez). It was afterwards often visited by French navigators and fishermen from the Great Bank, and they appear to have built there, before the year 1555, a fort or settlement, which must have been the first European settlement ever made on the coast of Maine. The In- dians of Maine, also, thought highly of this river. Their principal chief, according to the well-known Captain John Smith, an early Eng- lish describer of the coast of Maine, resided on its shor£, and even now when everywhere else in Maine the Indians have disappeared, the few remnants of them, the little Penobscot tribe, cling to the borders of this their old, beloved, principal canoe trail. The very full and interesting Report upon the Water- power of Maine, made in 1868 by Mr. Walter Wells, superintendent of the hydrographical survey of this State, contains an elaborate and most valuable chapter upon the system of the Penobscot, from which we make the following brief extracts: The Penobscot is the only great fluviatile district in Maine wliich Il- lustrates in its actual configuration the geographical idea of the rive^ basin — appearing as a mere point at the mouth of the stream, thence, interior-ward, expanding symmetrically upon both sides of the central channel, presently embranching into subordinate basins, themselves disposed likewise symmetrically about tributary streams, and them- selves yet further breaking up into still smaller basins located upon still smaller tributaries, until the whole takes on the similitude of a mighty tree, that from one trunk ramifies into innumerable branches, and from one grand aorta divaricates into numberless arteries and veins, by which, upon occasion, its entire volume of fluids is conducted to and poured into a common channel of circulation and discharge. Greatest length, from north to south, 160 miles; greatest breadth, 115 miles; area, 8,200 square miles, considerably the largest river dis- trict contained wholly in the State — 800 square miles discharge their sur- plus water into the main ri\'er below its lowest water power, at Bangor. The so-called west branch is properly only the con- tinuation of the main river; it is the upper Penobscot; a name applica- ble to the stream from the Mattawamkeag to the "Forks," in Pittston township, where the Penobscot takes origin. The lower Penobscot extends from the Mattawamkeag to Penobscot bay. The east branch, so called, should be known as the Mattagaraon, after and in common with the lake from which it issues and the moun- tains in its vicinity. The various terms west branch, east branch, northwest branch, etc., should be reserved for use about the headwa- ters of the river, where indeed they are already applied. When used in both the mid and upper section, they involve its nomenclature in confusion. The Penobscot, from the confluence of the Mattawamkeag to the sea, is about 120 miles long; from the junction of the Mattagamon to the sea, about 132 miles; from its extreme headwaters, about 260 miles, or, including the local windings, 300 niiles. The main water- power section extends from Lake Chesuncook to Bangor, 120 miles, the fall being 900 feet; ox via the Mattagamon, from Lake Mattagaraon to Bangor, 115 miles, and a fall of about 850 feet. The annual discharge of tTie Penobscot is estimated as 319,800,000,- 000 cubic feet. Of this, about 31,000,000,000 arc received below the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. lowest mill-privilege, yielding on its passage to the river important power. The Penobscot naturally, and without the assistance of man, holds a position amongst the most highly favored of the State in respect to uniformity of volume at different seasons of the year. This is due in part to the extent of its tributary area, in virtue of which the contribu- tions of the various branches do not reach its chief manufacturing sites at the same time. It is due also to the more uniform surface as- pect of the basin, in respect to which it has the decided advantage over the Saco, Androscoggin, and Kennebec; it is due also, in common with the other large rivers of the State, to its extensive system of lakes and the vast breadth of forests upon its drainage surface. A record covering the period from i8i6 to 1866, shows that the ear- nest opening to navigation of the Penobscot at Bangor, for the period, was on March 21, and that during the whole time registered it opened in January and February but once — namely, in 1831, on January 9th. The river remains frozen over for 125 days yearly on the average. The following excellent and detailed account of the Penobscot waters is derived from the introduction to Williamson's History of Maine, than which we find nothing better in print for the purpose of full description. It was written about 1830: The Penobscot river is the longest of any one in the State; and in its tide-waters it is as large as the Sagadahock after the junction of the Kennebec and the Androscoggin. Its whole length, as it runs from its heads to Fort Point is supposed to be about two hundred miles. It has no reservoirs, such as the great lake that yields supply to the Kennebec; it is formed by a great number of streams, which issue from ponds, swamps and springs, above and below the forty-sixth parallel of lati- tude, and spread the whole width of the State, its western sources being more than ten hundred miles, in a straight course, from its eastern heads; and so much do they all, like branches of one family, converge and aim at a general union, as to form a confluence ;md constitute the main river, ninety-five miles from its mouth, and with about one-half a degree only below the parallel above mentioned. The western branch of the Penobscot is supposed to be the largest. It rises in the highlands north of the Kennebec, east of the Chaudiere, and south of the St. John ; and what is noticeable, the head-streams of the four rivers are quite near each other in several places. Its sources have been explored by the surveyors under the treaty of Ghent; and it is found that the road from the forks of the Kennebec to " Mile Tree " crosses three primary branches of the Penobscot, two of which, one four and the other six miles below the heights, are large mill-streams where they cross the road. From the northwest branch of the Penobscot, rising between twenty and thirty miles northeasterly of " Mile Tree, " the carrying-place into the main St. John is only two miles; and some streams of the two rivers are much nearer each other. This great western branch, after collect- ing its waters from the north and south, runs eastwardly, not far from the northern margin of Moosehead Lake, and empties into Chesuncook Lake, sixty miles from some of its sources. The outlet river of this lake, which is fifteen miles in length, runs southwardly and eastwardly forty-five miles, till it embraces the great eastern branch, and forms what is called the junction, the waters in each being nearly equal. The two main streams of this eastern branch rise about fifty or sixty miles, from their heads to its union with the great western branch or the Neketow. Twenty miles above this junction, in the west branch, are the Grand Falls, where the waters descend over a ledge of smooth rocks, 50 feet, through a channel 45 feet wide, into a basin of unknown depth. In late years the eastern branch has been explored above the junction; and of the other considerable is known to its several sources, though neither of them has yet settlements on its banks. South of the junction, two miles, the Penobscot receives from the northeast a brook called Salmon stream. Sixteen miles below the junction is the mouth of the Mattawamkeag river, which rises on the eastern side of the State, and flows many miles southeasterly towards Schoodic Lakes; then forms a bow and runs southwest twelve miles, and receives the Sebascohegan, through which travellers and Indians ascend within three miles of the Schoodic Lakes. The Mattawamkeag is as large as the Piscataquis, and larger than two of the Kenduskeag; rapid, very rocky in several places, and frequent falls and intervening still-waters. Its mouth is about 30 miles below that of the Sebascohegan; and the mail, first established in 1825, passes up these two rivers through the Schoodic Lakes to Houlton. From the mouth of the Mattawamkeag, the Penobscot descends in a cool and inviting current, navigable for the largest rafts, receiving on its west side the Medunkaunk, a small mill-stream, and the Madamiscon- das [Mattamiscontis], a large one; and on the east side, the Metanaw- cook, two-thirds as large as the Passadumkeag, and 16 miles above it. But the most important and considerable tributary of the Penobscot is the Piscataquis, which comes from the west, and, after running 100 miles from its sources, empties itself 35 miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag and 35 miles below the junction. Three large streams constitute the Piscataquis, viz: Pleasant river from the northwest , which rises on the east side of Moosehead lake; Sebec river from the west, which has some of its sources in the same neighborhood, and Sebec pond in its course; and Piscataquis proper, which comes more from the southwest; the latter two embrace the first, and three miles further down they receive the third, 12 miles from the mouth of the Piscata- quis. Sebec and Pleasant rivers are about equally large, and a few others of their size carefully compare with them in beauty and commo- diousness. They afford many excellent mill-sites, and in freshets will float large rafts. The three branches have low banks, interspersed with rich and extensive intervales. The flowing of the Piscataquis, which is 30 rods wide, is very quick and its waters uncommonly transparent and pure. At its mouth it descends a fall of 12 or 15 feet in the space of 10 rods; and over a part of the fall the water pours in a thick and Hmpid sheet. In mixing with the Penobscot it adds to it nearly a third part of its waters. Five miles below the Piscataquis, on the east side, is the Passadum- keag, which rises near Schoodic waters and empties itself into the Pe- nobscot. It is beatable about twenty miles, excepting seven carrying- places of inconsiderable length. On this river are extensive natural meadows, where great quantities of hay are cut every year. The Penobscot, after flowing south five miles, receives on the east side Olemon stream, which is little else than a large brook, and likewise em- braces an island of excellent land, called Olemon Island, containing three hundred acres; also Sugar Island, of like size, a Uttle below and several smaller ones in a short distance. Sunkhaze stream is rather larger than Olemon stream, and empties into the Penobscot eleven miles below, on the same side. Not less than two hundred tons of hay are taken annually from its meadows. Both these streams together, probably, do not contribute more water to the main river than the Pas- sadumkeag does itself. One mile below Sunkhaze, and fourteen from the mouth of Kendus- keag, the Penobscot is parted in a very remarkable manner, so that about half the water next the eastern shore descends in direct course southerly, and the other half turns a short corner and runs northwest more than two miles, and then turning again almost as short, runs southerly seven miles before the two branches form a junction. This western branch is called Stillwater, and the first island it embraces after the divorce is Osson island, of twelve hundred acres. It then has intercourse with the east branch by a southwesterly reach, three miles in length, which separates that island from Marsh island, containing five thousand acres; and from this reach a passage bounds the southeast end of Osson island, and separates it from Oldtown island, of three hundred acres, where the Indian village is. Besides these three the Stillwater river also embraces another one, called Orono, of one hun- dred and fifty acres. At the upper and lower end of Stillwater river are falls suitable for mill-sites ; and on the east branch — that is, the main river— there are similar falls, viz., at the foot of Oldtown island and at Great Works, a mile or more below; in each of which the descent may be twenty or thirty feet. All four of these islands are excellent land; and, except Marsh island which is the southernmost one, they are claimed by the Tarratine tribe of Indians. They also own the other islands mentioned, which are of a like fertile soil. From the reunion of the Penobscot with the Stillwater at the foot of Marsh island, the river flows southwestwardly three miles to the head of the tide, at "the Bend," so called, where its usual ebb and flow are two feet. Small vessels may ascend in freshets and spring tides, within a mile of it, but ship navigation is not good and safe much above Ken- duskeag point, four miles below the Bend. The Kenduskeag stream rises near some of the Sebasticook sources, and after running in its southeasterly serpentine course fifty miles, and turning the wheels of various mills and machinery, it discharges its waters into the Penobscot, amid Bangor village, sixty miles from White Head, twenty-three miles from Fort Point, and seventy from the junc- tion. It is generally eight rods wide; its mouth, which is thirty-five rods in breadth, and sixty rods higher up at the bridge is thirty rods, forms a branch of the harbor; but here the ground, except in the chan- nel, is often bare at low water. Opposite to the mouth of the Kendus- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. keag, the water in the channel of the Penobscot is seventeen feet when the tide is out, and the width of the main river below is eighty rods. The Penobscot thence descends in a deep and steady current, passing the mouths of Segeunkedunk on the east side, and Sowadabscook on the west shore; both being mill-streams much less than Kenduskeag, one three and the other five miles below it ; thence one league to Bald Hill cove, on the same side; another to Buck's Ledge, covered at high water; and half a mile more to Oak Point, where the water is sixty rods wide and deep. Between the latter and Dram Point, which are a league asunder, is Marsh Bay, which is more than a mile wide, ornamented by the village of Frankfort on the western shore. Here the water is very salt, and the river is seldom frozen as low as Buck's Ledge. Indeed, during some winters it continues open as high as the mouth of Sowa- dabscook. It is about five miles from Dram Point to the head of Orphan island, which contains S,ooo acres or more, and divides the waters of the river into two branches. The western and main one passes through the Nar- rows opposite the northwest curve of the island, and by Oldham's Ledge, which is half a league below, and a league above Fort Point , at the mouth of the river. The branch which washes the other side of the island is called Easton river, safely navigable for small vessels; — the island itself, ta.xed in Bucksport, is good land, and is owned by the de- scendants of an orphan lady who inherited a part of the Waldo Patent. The general breadth of the Penobscot is from 80 to 100 rods, and it is remarkable that, owing to absorption and evaporation, it should be so uniformly wide from Piscataquis to Orphan island; though its depths are various, being above the tide-waters from 6 to 12 feet, not easily fordable by a man and horse below the junction. The usual tides at and below Bangor are fifteeu [eleven] feet, and at low water its depth in the chaniicl is from three to six fathoms, and in some places twenty. The banks of the river are generally high ; some projections are rocky and rugged, and others afford a picturesque appearance. An enchanting ex- panse of the river spreads itself before Bucksport village, and another before Frankfort, and a beautiful country on either side, extending to the head of the tide, fills the passenger's eye from the river with captivating views of nature and culture. As we ascend the river we find the banks less elevated; and above the tide-waters we pass many extensive intervales before we reach the Piscataquis. The only fearful ledges below the head of navigation are Buck's and Oldham's, before mentioned; and Fort Point Ledge, half a mile from the Point, and Steele's Ledge, a league, southeast, covered at high water. At and above Bangor, and below it as far as the water is fresh, the river is generally closed by ice from the middle of December to the fore part of April. However, the ice in 1800 did not descend till the eigh- teenth of April; and on the first of January, 1805, the river, after being closed three weeks, was clear for two days; and it may be mentioned as a rare instance that, on the twenty-sixth of March, 1811, the river was clear of ice and frozen no more during the spring. Moreover, in February, 1807, the ice, which was very thick and strong, being broken up by an uncommon freshet on the seventeenth of the month, was driven down in great cakes, and one hundred rods below Bangor village formed an immovable impediment to the current. By reason of this check, the waters rose ten to twelve feet higher than was before known, filled the lower apartments of several buildings, and destroyed and in- jured a great quantity of goods, forcing the inhabitants of one dwelling- house to make their escape from the chamber windows. Three days elapsed before the ice fully gave way and the flood subsided. At the foot of Orphan island the Penobscot expands, so that the dis- tance across from Fort Point to the eastern shore is two miles or more- and this is the head of the bay. The most noted place on the eastern shore is Major-biguyduce Point, fifteen miles below Orphan island, a place repeatedly mentioned in history That point is the southerly projection of the peninsula, which constitutes the greatest part of the town of Castine. On the north it has Back Cove; north of west it has Penobscot bay, two leagues over, with Belfast bay another league on the west, adorned by the village of Belfast. On the southwest it has the upper end of Long island [Islesborough], two miles distant, and at the eastward it has Northern bay. It has always been considered by Europeans, as well as by the Americans and natives, to be a very eligible situation. Castine village is on the southerly side of the peninsula; and westward of it one hundred rods, at some dis- tance from the shore, are the appearance of the old fortifications. Here the Plymouth colony had a trading house as early as A. D. 1626; here D'Aulnay located himself in 1640; and here Baron de Castine after- wards had his residence many years. The United States garrison is still farther to the west and on higher land, intended to protect the town and command the upper section of Penobscot bay. LUMBERING ON THE RIVER. A vivid sketch of scenes on the Penobscot, as the lumbermen approach their destination at Bangor, is given in the entertaining volume on Forest Life and Forest Trees, by Mr. John S. Springer, himself a native of the Pine-tree State. In his chapter on River-driving the writer says : Between the mouth of the Piscataquis and Oldtown, 20 or 25 miles, are numerous beautiful islands, some of them large, and generally cov- ered with a heavy growth of hard wood, among which the elm abounds. When the logs arrive at this point, many of the encampments are fixed upon these islands. As the sun sinks behind the western hills, the lengthened shadows of the beautiful island forests shoot across the mirrored river, casting a deep shade, which soon disappears amid the denser curtain of an advanced evening, with which they blend. The roar of rushing waters is over, and the current glides smoothly on. No sound is heard but the echo of the merry boatman's laugh, and of voices here and there on the river, with now and then. the shred of a song and the creaking and plashing of oars. While thus passing down, as the boats turn a sudden bend in the river, a dozen hghts gleam from the islands, throwing their lengthened scintillations over the water. Now the question goes round, "Which is our light?" "There's one on the east side!" " Yes, and there's another on Sugar island!" "And there's one on Hemlock!" says a third. "Why the d 1 hadn't they gone to Bangor and done with it?" " Wangun No. i, ahoy!" shouts the helmsman, a little exasperated with fatigue and hunger. Now, while all the other cooks remain silent, No. i cook responds in turn. Another calls out the name of their particular log-maik: "Blaze Belt, ahoy! Wherein thunder are you?" " Blaze Belt, this way, this way!" comes echoing from Hemlock island, and away the Blaze Belt batteau rows with its merry-making crew. Thus each crew, in turn, is finally con- ducted to its respective camp-fire. The prospect of a release from the arduous labors on the drive at this point- of progress raises the thermometers of feeling, which im- parts a right merry interest to everything. Like sailors "homeward bound," after a three- or nine-month's cruise, and within one day's sail of port, relaxation and pastimes only are thought and talked of. The mine of song and story is opened, and the rarest specimens of match-songs and stretched stories are coined and made current by the members of the different crews. " The smartest team," "chopper, '' "barker," " the largest tree," the biggest log, the greatest day's shirk, bear or moose story, the merits of crews, teamsters, brooks, creeks, and swamps, falls and rapids, streams and rivers, all, all come upas themes of converse, song, and story. There is less hurrying in the morning now than in the former part of the driving. Let the water rise or fall, it is all the same thing at this point, for the driver has reached the ample channel of the river, where neither falls nor rapids occur. A day, and the work is consummated— 'tis done. Crews are disbanded; they disperse, some to their homes and farms, some to idleness and recrea- tion, some to hire in the mills, to saw the logs thus run others to take rafts of boards to the head of tide-navigation, where hundreds of vessels are in waiting to distribute the precious results of the lumbermen's toi] to the thousand parts of the Atlantic and Pacific coast ; where the sound of saw, planes, and hammers of a million house-wrights, cabinet- makers, coopers, and joiners make the air vocal with the music of cheerful labor, giving bread to the millions, wealth to thousands, and comfort and convenience to all. THE SOIL OF PENOBSCOT. In Mr. Whipple's Geographical View of the -District of Maine, published in 1816, occur the following remarks, which need not be greatly changed for our day : That part of the district of Maine which is nearest to the sea-coast, and extending its whole length and about ten miles back, is generally inchned to clay, and in many places rocky. This is reported as the most ordinary part of Maine; but many parts of it, where well cultivated, produce most abundantly. That part of this section which extends from Penobscot to Piscataqua is by far the most populous, and probably the best cultivated division. The next section, which is east of the Penobscot and north of the sea-coast, comprising the million acres called the Lottery Lands, with the land to the northward, has not so good a reputation as many other divisions. There are some parts of it however, that are cultivated, which yield hay, beef, pork butter and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 13 cheese, as abundantly as any part of New England. But the soil of this section has probably been underrated. On a new road, which is located by the Commonwealth from Penobscot river toward the St John, and extending through this section, the land is reputed to be generally of the first quality. The next section, which is comprised be- tween the Penobscot and Kennebec, and extending northerly to the height of land, has a higher reputation than any other division of Maine. It is about fifty miles in breadth by one hundred miles in length, and contains all the variety of soil which is found in Maine. The rich- est part of this land is between the upper part of the two rivers. The soil of the ranges of townships, north of the Waldo Patent, which are comprehended in this section, has generally been estimated as the best in the district of Maine. The State's land , which is nearest to the Penobscot, is rather flat and low, except a ridge which extends nearly parallel with the river, over which a road has been opened at the State's expense. It is expected that, when this tract is cleared, the high land will prove the best for tillage, and the low land for grass. In the townships marked No. i on Carleton's map, and which adjoin the State's land, the country is generally higher, and a small part of it is inclined to be rocky, but not too much so, as it produces corn and wheat in abundance. From this section westerly the land is rather low, extending to the townships marked No. 2, where the land rises and continues about the same for many miles westerly, in swales and gradual swells, and is generally free from ledges, and contains probably less waste land than any other part of New England. The low land, in some instances, is found to be wet ; but the upland is generally a wai m loam, inclined to sand or gravel, and not only very congenial to grass, but equally so to tillage. Near the Piscataquis and its branches are ex- tensive intervals, which are particularly productive. The Waldo Patent, although an excellent tract of land, probably will not average so good as the nine ranges. ARABLE AND WASTE LAND. In Moses Greenleaf s Statistical View of the District of Maine, published at Boston the same year, an esti- mate is given of the quantity and proportions of arable and waste land in the incorporated towns and plantations of the several counties of Maine, in which Penobscot is set down as having four hundred and fifty-five thousand four hundred and ninety-three acres of arable pasture and woodland, to but twenty thousand five hundred and fifty-nine of waste land, six thousand two hundred and ninety-eight covered with water, and four thousand six hundred and ninety used for roads. The proportion of improvable land was nine hundred and twenty-nine acres in the one thousand, of waste land forty-eight, of water covered fourteen, and occupied by roads nine. The author says that in this county instances had oc- curred of crops of wheat exceeding forty bushels to the acre being harvested on land no better than is usually cultivated, and, "in one or two instances, near sixty bushels of wheat have been produced on an acre." Of potatoes seven hundred bushels, and of turnips thirteen hundred bushels to the acre, had been gathered. AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION OF WILD LANDS. The following statements occur in the reports of State Geologist Hitchcock, made in 1861-2. The Penobscot, passing in its general direction from a northerly to a southern point, through an extent of two and a half degrees of lati- tude, and in that course also rising to quite an elevation from the sea, must exhibit, in various sections of its course, a considerable range of climatic difference, and, consequently of agricultural capability. The first question usually asked by a fanner, when wishing to ascertain the agricultural character of any northern location, is — " Can you raise Indian com there?" This crop seems, by common consent, to be the criterion by which to judge of the climate and its agricultural value. We find that the line which bounds the northern limit of Indian com maturing in Maine, is a very irregular one, as, indeed, might be expected, coinciding, as it does, with the isothermal line, and not with the line of latitude. We find that the elevated or mountain district— which, as we have in a former part of our report mentioned, formed a part of a triangular belt, having its base on the western border of the State, south and north of Umbagog, and stretching easterly to its apex in Mars-hill — is not a sure corn-maturing region. Corn can be raised with certainty within a few miles south of Umbagog. It is raised with less certamty on the lake shores, and again with more cer- tainty on the northern side, as the slope sinks down toward the shores of the St. Lawrence. The Penobscot extends into this belt, and hence, while in its lower sections corn is a safe and profitable crop, in its upper section we find it a precarious one; while further east, on the same line of latitude, it is again found more certain. At the Trout Brook Farm we found two parcels of corn growing — one of them (27th August) nipped by frost, while the other, on a more elevated piece of land, was not touched. At Monroe's farm, on the AUeguash, we found, as we have before stated, a small patch which had not been frosted, but were told by Mr. Monroe that he had not been able to mature it. Still further north, Mr. Bolton, who, as we stated, has a fine farm at the confluence of the AUeguash and St. John, informed us that he had some years raised as good corn as ever he had raised in Augusta (his native place), although it was not a sure crop. Some have attributed this trouble to difference of soil, but it is more attributable to mountain and lake influences on the temperature, as well as to the fact that, owing to the immense extent of the forest, the earth, for a great breadth of territory, is kept cool and moist. The sun cannot penetrate among the leaves and branches of the trees to warm the soil to any great extent. Hence it is fair to infer that the climate, in this respect, will be materially changed should the country become cleared. The experience of " old settlers, " we believe, will corroborate this, and, therefore, although there will probably always be a tract of country where corn will be uncertain and unprofitable of culture, we may predict that this anti-corn locality will be much reduced in extent by the clearing up of the land, and opening it to the sun and the warm southern breezes. Wheat. — The soil over which we passed is as a general thing well adapted to wheat-growing, and the climate is also favorable. The first crops on burns is generally heavy and remunerating, but after a year or two the natural enemies of this valuable crop begin to multiply as on the older farms, sometimes making such inroads as to reduce the profits very materially. Hence not so much wheat is raised where there have been clearings as there is of some of the other cereals. In one or two instances on the St. John we saw very fine fields of wheat growing in healthy luxuriance in isolated clearings on top of high hills, where a "chopping" had been made in the forest and burned off for this very purpose of wheat-growing. The reason given for growing, wheat in such out-of-the-way places was the fact that the midge and the fly and aphis would not find the spot for several years, and the crop would not suffer from their depredations. Still wheat is not so much cultivated as one would suppose it would be, because the other grains, such as oats and barley, are more productive, are more in demand by the lumber- men, and being, in proportion to the cost of raising, a larger and more remunerative price per bushel. Ofl^j a«(i?5a?-/i!)' are therefore the principal grain crops grown. These grow vigorously on the new lands, have but few enemies to contend with, often produce enormous crops, and sell readily at large prices. Buckwheat. — This will grow almost spontaneously on these lands. It is a staple crop among the French or Acadian settlers. The rough variety, or "Indian wheat," as it is sometimes called, is the only kind cultivated. It is a sure crop, yields large amounts to the acre, is easily gathered and cleansed, and is much used by them as an article of diet and for fattening their hogs and poultry. It may be a matter of fancy on our part, but we thought we could see some connection between the physical energy of the farmers in that section and the crops they raise. There was an apparent listlessness and lack of physical' stamina in those Acadians who cultivated little else than buckwheat for bread, compared with those who paid attention to the culture of wheat and other cereals. Whether the buckwheat diet was the cause and the de- bihty the effect, or vice versa, we will not here attempt to decide. The flour or meal from this grain is much used by the settlers for fattening pork, and some of the fattest hogs we ever saw were fed principally upon buckwheat gruel. Root Crops.— The various esculent roots, such as potatoes, turnips, rutabagas, parsnips, carrots, beets in all their varieties, onions, &c. are "at home" throughout the whole extent of the region we traversed. Any amount of them can be produced, and would be produced for ex- port, did the facilities of transportation warrant their being carried to market at a reasonable expense. Not only is the crop generally large in quantity, but excellent in quality. 14 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Small Fi-iiiis.—Mosl of the small fruits grow luxuriantly in this sec- tion of the country, and their cultivation would be eminently success- ful. Strawbernes, currants, gooseberries, blackberries, blueberries, are all indigenous to all these lands. The wild currants, however, are not so palatable as some others, but the fact of their being native to the land if proof that the improved and cultivated varieties will find conge- nial soil and climate. Cherries and plums will also flourish well, though we could not promise that the "Black-knot" would let them alone. This singular disorder is by no means confined to civilized life. It was frequently met with far away in the forest, thirty or forty miles from any gardens of cultivated fruits, fastening itself upon the wild cherry trees and disfiguring and blighting them as severely as any ever seen in the gardens ih the oldest sections of the country. The "high or bush cranberry" {Viburnum Ofulus], and the com- mon lowland cranberry { Vaccinium Oxycoccu^, are found abundantly, the first by the side of streams and swampy lands and the latter on the wet meadows and bogs. Stock Raising. — The wild lands which we examined, are capable of making an excellent stock-growing country when cleared and laid down to grass. It is true that the length of the winters and the consequent longer time required to feed from the crib serve in the minds of some as a drawback, but there is a compensating principle in the supe- rior advantages for grass and hay during the summer season, brought about in part by the covering shelter of snow, which protects the earth and the herbage until the season is too far advanced for any injury to arise from too much freezing and thawing, during the tiansition from winter to summer. If it were not for the losses often occasioned by wolves and other wild animals, the Upper Madawaska section might grow almost unlimited amounts of wool and mutton. The rich inter- vals and upland, so well adapted for forage crops, would yield ample supply for winter feeding, and the cool and breezy slopes and tops of their hills would give the best of pasturage for them. It is to be hoped that in time this important branch of husbandry will receive more attention in that part of the State, and their flocks increased as fast as is compatible with safety in the investment from beasts of prey. The abundance of pasturage and the good condition of the cattle and horses on the few clearings now to be found along the route we travelled, is a practical demonstration that such stock may be advan- tageously raised in those townships as soon as the forest can be changed into a grass-growing field, and that can be done in two years from falling and burning of trees. GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTY. A vast amount of interesting matter is presented by the geology of the great Penobscot valley. It has as yet been but partially explored; but enough has been ob- served and described to enable an inquirer to form a pretty good idea of the topography and rock-structure of this county. The chief source of information is, of course, the reports made by the State Geologists first, by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, in 1838; second, by Dr. Charles H. Hitchcock, son of the eminent scientist, Dr. Edward Hitchcock, of Amherst College, and his co- labor- ers, made in 186 1-2. The following descriptions and narratives are exclusively from one or the other of these sources, and generally in the very words of the authors: The rocky strata on which rests the tertiary formation of Bangor and Brewer are argillaceous talcose, plumbaginous and pyritiferous slates These various slates pass into each other by imperceptible shades so that it is extremely diflScult to define their boundaries. In some places the slate rocks are charged with numerous quartz and calcareous spar veins, and they frequently contain a sufficient quantity of carbonate of lime to cause them to effervesce with acids. When the rock con- tains a large proportion of silex, it passes insensibly into quartz rock of a blue color, and occasionally beds of it are found containing a sufficient quantity of fine scales of mica to convert it into mica slate of an imperfect kind. On the summit of Thomas's Hill, in Bangor, the slates may be seen cropping out, their upturned edges appearing above the soil. On the Kenduskeag, at a high ledge overhanging the river, may be seen several varieties presented by this rock. It is there observed to be charo-ed with calcareous spar, and is sometimes of a green color, owing to the pres- ence of chlorite. In the city the slate may be observed passing into quartz rock on the side of Exchange street, where the strata run E., N. E., and W. S. W., and dip to the N. N. W. 80°. On the S. W. side of the river the strata dip to the north. Near Brewer bridge they lun E. by N. and dip N. by W. 70°. A little above the bridge on the south side of the Penob- scot, in Brewer, there is a cliff of argillaceous slate, which runs to the height of about eighty feet, and there the strata may be observed to run N. N. E. and S. S. W. , and dip N. N. W. 65°. About half a mile south of Bangor the slate strata run N. E. and S. W., dip N. W, 60°. There are many other places in the vicinity of Bangor where these rocks may be seen, but it would be tedious to enumerate all the locali- ties. A sufficient number have been noticed to show that the whole substrata of Bangor and Brewer are composed of this class of rocks. In some cases the surface of the plumbaginous slate is glazed with plumbago or graphite, and owing to this circumstance such rocks have sometimes been mistaken for coal. The whole mass of strata which are above described, bear evident marks of having been exposed to the action of heat and pressure, while from the great variety of substances which enter into a sedimentary deposit, there would evidently result the various metamorphic varieties of stratified rock which I have described. It will be observed that all the strata now rest on their edges and are highly inclined to the horizon, and this position could not have resulted from their original deposition, for all strata which are deposited by water are arranged horizontally. Now it is clear that these rocks were deposited from water in horizontal beds, and that since that time they have been thrown up by a violent subterranean cause into their present position. These slates belong to the oldest transition formation and are generally destitute of organic remains. The tertiary formation in Maine consists of a series of layers of clay and sand, which have been deposited by water upon the various solid rocks beneath. This deposit is evidently a sediment of clayey and silicious matter, and is arranged in regular strata showing the effect of tranquil subsidence from the waters by which it was deposited. These beds of clay contain distinct remains of marine shell-fish in the various strata, arranged in such a manner as to evince their having lived and died exactly in the spots where we find them. This shows a slow and gradual deposition of the clay, for the shell-fish lived near the surface of the different strata, and must have had time to live, grow, and multiply in each stratum before the next was deposited. The lower tertiary at Bangor is composed of blue clay, very ten- acious in its structure, tough, and adhesive. It contains so much veg- etable matter, derived from decomposed seaweeds, as to give it in many places the odor of marsh mud. The shells characteristic of this deposit are the Nucula, Saxicava, and Mya dehiscens. There are a majority of recent species of shell-fish in this deposit, and hence we consider it as equivalent to the pliocene formation of Lyell. Above this deposit we come to another mass of clayey strata of a yellow color, and remarkable for the curious casts of various forms which it contains. Nearly all these casts have a long cylindrical tube running through them from one extremity to the other. In Bangor, the greatest elevation which the tertiary clays attain is not more than 100 feet above the level of the sea, or 75 feet above the level of the Penobscot river at that place. The hill upon which the First Congregational church is built is tertiary, and is the highest point which that formation attains in Bangor. The lower portions of this clay-bed contain distinct remains of the marine shells Nucula Port- landica, Mactra, and Venus. The upper beds contain a great abun- dance of those strange cylindrical and conical casts, terminated some- times by a large bulb or tuber, which fossils resemble in their general structure the siphoniae described and figured in Rozet's Geology. There are, however, in this deposit a number of different species, and their peculiar shapes have caused them to be mistaken for almost every variety of plant and fruit. There is, however, good reason to believe that they are of animal origin, and were probably once molluscous or soft animals, having but little consistency, so as not to leave any solid matter indicative of their composition. According to the later report of Mr. Hitchcock, the lower clays of this group [the marine clays] at Bangor are very tenacious and adhe- sive, with the peculiar marine odor or marsh mud, and contain as char- acteristic shells the Nucula, Saxicava distorta, and Mya arenaria. The upper portions of the deposit are more sandy. The clayey strata are of a yellowish cast, containing numerous yellow, soft concretions of clay of a cylindrical shape, and perforated by a long tube. Ferrugin- ous and silicious sands alternate with the clays The lower portions of the upper beds contain Leda Portlandica, Mactra and Venus. The upper portions are filled with the concretions. Some of these clays in Bangor dip 10 degrees southwest, and others 15 degrees southerly. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 15 The highest of them is about 100 feet above the ocean. Above the clays are found coarse drift deposits. There are beds of ferruginous and silicious sand, which liere and there alternate with the upper clay-beds. In some places it is of good quality for moulding. Examples of this kind of sand may be seen on the side of Exchange street, where the strata of the clay dip to the south 25°. In Cumberland street the lower tertiary deposit may be seen with the upper beds resting directly upon it. The strata dip to the S. W. io°. This deposit attains an elevation of fifty or sixty feet above the river's level. Crossing the Penobscot we enter the town of Brewer, whare the same tertiary clays may be seen. A little above the bridge, on the river's bank, occurs a high cliff of sand attaining an elevation of eighty-six feet above the high-water mark upon the Penobscot. At the various brick-yards in this town we had an excellent opportu- nity of examining the nature of the clay and the various shells which are contained in it. They are identical with those found in Bangor. The clay generally selected for making bricks belongs to the upper tertiary, and is of a yellow color and contains but very few marine shells. The blue clay answers very well for the same purpose, when there are not too many shells, but it is tough and hard to work. The silicious sand found alternating with those clays is used also in brick-making. These materials are so common in Maine, that little ac- count is made of their value, but they are nevertheless sources of a very considerable income. Thus, for instance, in the eight brick-yards of Brewer during 1837 no less than 3,000,000 of bricks were made and sold — 1,100,000 machine-pressed bricks were made in three of these yards during the same year. So abundant is the brick clay in Bangor that, in digging the cellars for most of the buildings, a sufficiency of it is dug out to make the bricks required for the edifice, and Dr. Jackson, from whom we had these remarks, understood that this is frequently done. Brick-makers are fully aware of th"e fact that, if clays contain any considerable proportion of hme, they will not answer for brick-making, since the lime is rendered caustic during the operation of burning, and when the bricks are moistened by water the lime slakes , and they crack or burst to pieces. On that account they carefully avoid any admixture of shells, since they are composed chiefly of carbonate of lime, and pro- duce the same effect. These clays form extremely tough soils, and are liable to bake or harden by the action of the solar heat, so that the roots of plants are completely imprisoned by the hardened clay, and therefore the plant does not thrive. In order to improve a clayey soil when it is found practicable, sand should be mixed with it, so as to break up its cohesive properties; and it often happens that hills of sand are found close at hand. After the texture of the soil is sufficiently broken up, air-slaked lime may then be used for a top-dressing, and it will be retained for a great length of time since the clay is so impermeBble to water. It is certainly, said Dr. Jackson in 1838, worth the labor required to bring into a high state of cultivation those tracts of land which are in the immediate vicinity of the city, and their improved produce will amply repay the moderate expenditures which would be requisite for the purpose. Above the tertiary formation we have a confused mass of rounded stones and pebbles, which bear evident proofs of their diluvial disposi- tion. The current of diluvial waters, in rushing over this district, ex- cavated deep valleys in the tertiary deposits, and transported the detri- tus far to the south. Ne.ir the court-house in Bangor may be seen beds of coarse pebbles at the base of the hill, and the sediment becomes finer as we ascend, until we meet with perfectly fine clay. This locality shows that coarse pebbles were deposited by swift-running water, while the fine sand and clay prove a gradual subsidence in the force of the current. On e.xamining these pebbles, it will be remarked that they are mostly those composed of varieties of slate, which occur in places north of the spot where they are now found. FROM HOLDEN TO CHARLESTON. Dr. George L. Goodale, one of the assistants of State Geologist Hitchcock, about the year 1861 surveyed care- fully a geologic section from Mount Desert west of north and northwest across the State to the Canada line, nearly . at right angles to the strata recorded. His route crossed the towns of Holden, Brewer, Bangor, Glenburn, Ken- duskeag, Corinth, and Charleston, in this county, and the results of his observations are here subjoined. Very near the boundary line between Dedham and Holden, the granite disappears and quartz rock succeeds, dipping 70° S. 70° E., as it were, beneath the granite. Some planes of a jointed structure dipped 70° S, 20° W. in this vicinity. This rock merges into siUcious slate. At Graves' coffee-house, in the east part of Holden, considerable mica is present in the quartz rock, with a dip of 88° S. 60° E. Beyond this hotel the rock is very much contorted, and a local variation in the dip 75° N. 60° W. But the real northwesterly dip is apparent near A. B. Farrington's house, two miles west. Here we have an argillo-mica- ceous rock dipping 50" N. 40° W. , and a few miles further the ledges are entirely quartz rock as far as the middle of Holden, dipping 65° N. 40° W. Cleavage planes are also present in abundance, dipping, 80° S. E. We regard all the rocks mentioned thus far, away from the granite as essentially one formation of quartz rock and forming an anticlinal axis. The rock in the centre of the axis is somewhat micaceous, and more nearly resembles the rocks west of Holden village. If this is the true order of things, then we have found a quartz rook underlying the great mass of schists between Holden and Dover. Hence, if future researches shall reveal occasional bands of quartz rock among these schists, especially if they have an anticlinal form, we shall have a safe criterion to inform us respecting the number of foldings in the whole area. We do not suppose the more micaceous axis can be of precisely the same age with the micaceous rocks to the westward, because it un- derlies them in association with quartz. We suspect that this quartz rock is in the continuation of the quartz rock of the Taconic series in Belfast, described in a previous part of the report. That was associated with schists just like this, and we find on a comparison of various disconnected observations made between the two places, that a quartz rock, more or less obscure, can be traced with its associate schists all the way from Belfast to Holden. This is a dis- covery of some importance, as will be seen hereafter. ARGILLO-MICA .SCHIST. We next come to the largest and widest-spread of any formation in the State, — to a rock that would receive different names from different geologists. It would be called clay slate, talcose schist, or mica schist, according as the observer happened to inspect different portions of it. Last year we ranked it all as clay state, specifying many localities where talcose and micaceous varieties abounded. But this year, after a further examination of this rock, we shall call it arglllo-micaceous schst, coloring it on the map as mica schist. Inspection of all the var- ieties discloses the presence of minute scales of mica. They are found even in the roofing slate of Brownville, which is associated with the schists, and by their presence throw light upon the mineral structure of the whole series, showing it to be micaceous rather than talcose. What we described as one formation of clay slate last year, we now divide into two, the clay slate proper and the argillo-micaceous schist. The manner in which the boundaries of this subdivision were sug- gested to us is quite interesting and valuable, as indicating the direction to be taken in studying these rocks in future. We possessed a series of observations on the position of the strata, crossing the wliole argil- laceous belt in several places, and mostly radiating from Bangor. Upon comparing these sections with one another, we found them to agree es- sentially at the same distances from Bangor, or from the southeast side of the formation. The material from which we drew is mostly con- tained in our last year's report. We there described a section from Bangor to Patten; another branching oft' at Mattawamkeag up the East Branch of the Penobscot; another from Bangor to Brownville. This year we explored one from Bangor to IVIoosehead Lake; and also an- other from Shirley to Brighton. At Bangor the dip is northwesterly, but at a few miles' distance on every route it changed to southeasterly, thus making a synclinal axis. This synclinal line, then, we found to run (so far as our meagre observations allowed us to judge) from the mouth of Sunkhaze stream in IMilford westerly through the north parts of Oldtown and Pushaw Lake, thence curving southwesterly it passes west of Kenduskeag village, and probably to Carmel and N. E. Dix- mont. Upon the east side of this line the dip is northwesterly, on the line of our principal section, as far as Holden Center; and upon the west side the dip is southeasterly as far as the north part of Charleston, thus making an enormous basin twenty-nine miles wide, whose thick- ness must be seven miles on the lowest estimate. The anticlinal line west of the first synclinal was first observed near Passadumkeag village, and can be traced westerly through Edinburg, Lagrange, and Brad- ford, till we find it rising into a range of mountains which continue t:irough Charleston, Garland, and Dexter. This is a very distinct axis. i6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. as it is coincident with a mountainous range for so great a distance. It runs toward the mass of granite in Enfield, which most probably was forced up along the antichnal line, as the rock would naturally be weak- est there. Very likely the anticlinal described last year in Weston is the contmuation of this antichnal line. The next basin is very narrow, and the rock is more argillaceous than in the previous basin. The syncUnal line runs along the valley of the Piscataquis river, even as far up as Parkman, and then it must run on the west side of Penobscot river a great distance. We think that its position is indicated near the Five Islands in Winn, by the change in the dip. Of course these Unes must extend further in both direc- tions than we have in both indicated, but we point out the lines only so far as we have knowledge of them. Next we come to another change in the dip, with clay slates prevail- ing on one side and argillo-mica schists upon the other. Hence we do not regard it as. anticlinal, but a change in the dip incident to different formations, the slates overlying the schists, perhaps unconformably. This hue, which upon our large map we have for the present estab- lished as the boundary line between the two formations, is first recog- nized in the northeast, in No. i R. 5, in Aroostook county, on the Aroostook road. It can be traced through Molunkus, the southeast corner of Medway (formerly called Nickatou), thence in a straight line to Medford, when it takes somewhat of a westerly course through Mi- lo, Sebec, Foxcroft, Guilford, and Abbott. Here it resumes the southwesterly direction, and we have traced it through Kingsbury, Brighton, and Bingham, to the Kennebec river. The axes on the vari- ous radiating sections correspond with one another no further than to this boundary, but the rock on the northwest side of this line is most entirely clay slate, and is the only belt in Maine from which roof- ing slate is now obtained. The variations in dip in this clay-slate for- mation we conceive to be due to various causes more or less local, and not to be treated of here. Scarcely anything has been discovered dur- ing the survey which has given us greater pleasure than these axial lines. It is a very important onward step in the progress of our knowledge of Maine rocks, and a faint shadow of what would be de- veloped by a series of comprehensive parallel sections. Returning to the details upon our principal section, we find the dip to vary somewhat over the first half of the first synclinal basin. We had just said good-bye to the quartz rock of Holden; and on the ronte of the section to Brewer we find scarcely any ledges, the country being covered to a considerable depth by alluvial deposits, as it is upon the east bank of Penobscot river. At Brewer the rock is very quartzose, dipping from 30°-6o" N. 20° W. Across the river in Bangor the rock is similar, dipping from 4S°-5o° N. 30° W. and N. W. The applica- tion of the term talcose to these schists would be more appropriate than to any other ledges on the whole section. Yet the rock here is not really talcose; it has no magnesia in it, as the analysis shows, and an inspection of many of the layers exhibits particles of mica snugly stowed away. Often the strata in Bangor exhibit interesting curva- tures. Piofessor D. T. Smith, of the Theological Seminary, pointed out one such instance to us about two miles west of the city, which was very instructive, showing also the difference between the planes of stratification and foliation (or cleavage). Such an exhibition is uncom- mon along the line of the section. Three miles northwest from Penobscot river, at W. Boynton's house, the schists dip at about the same angle, N. 40° W, At I, To- zier's, a mile further, may be seen an interstratification of clay slate and slaty talcose quartz rock, dipping 6s°-7o° northwesterly. In the edge of Glenburn the rock is more compact, with thicker layers. In Glenburn and Kenduskeag there are occasional variations from the normal northwesterly dip, but these are supposed to be local matters. The section, thus far, runs on the stage-road to Kenduskeag village, crossing the Kenduskeag river in Kenduskeag. Beyond Kenduskeag village drift-deposits obscure the ledges for a great distance. The road passes over a "horseback" from the vil- lage to a cemetery in South Corinth, a distance of three miles. At a school-house and cooper's shop nearly four miles from Kenduskeag, in South Corinth, the first ledge with the southeasterly dip of the west side of the great synclinal axis appears, although it probably begins much sooner. Observations on both sides of the road, which we had not time to make, will settle the exact point where the middle of the basin is. The schists at the school-house decompose readily, perhaps containing a carbonate, and dip 80° S. 25° E. Adjacent ledges have a smaller dip. Near East Corinth the rock is more slaty and argilla- ceous. Opposite J. M. Shaw's house the layers are very much convoluted on a small scale, with an average dip of 45° S. 15° E. About a mile and a half north of East Corinth, appear ledges of bright green schist. argillaceous, and often quite micaceous, precisely identical lithologi- cally with the greater part of the slaty rocks on the East branch of the Penobscot above Mattawamkeag. Like them, also, these strata are very much contorted, and their average dip is about 55° S. E. These peculiar rocks continue for two or three miles. In the northwest part of Charleston, at B. Bradley's, a compact schist, resembling talcose schist, but really a quartzite, occurs, dipping from 70°-7S° S. 30° E. The land here is higher than anything passed over west of the Penobscot, and it continues to rise till the summit of the mountain is reached, about 800 feet above the ocean. Upon the county map it will be noticed that a range of mountains extends through Charleston and the towns adjacent. The range is the one we are now crossing, and it must all be an anticlinal ridge, marking the line of the most important of all the axial lines specified above. Pass- ing down the north side of this range (for which we have no name), we find the opposite dip, making the anticlinal. We are coming into a narrower basin than the one just left, it being only ten miles wide, and it has almost an east and west course. The first observation taken is of a ledge just north of Ricker Hill, in the southeast part of Dover; an argillo-micaceous schist dipping 72° N, 10° W. In this rock the mica is quite abundant and distinct. The dip is similar to this all the way to the Piscataquis river. The traveller sees at once the superfbr fertility of the soil in the Pis- cataquis valley, when compared with that passed over since leaving Bangor. It seems to be due to the character of the rock, and to be confined to this basin of schist. The rock is often calcareous, and in- deed certain layers in Foxcroft are real limestone, and have formerly been burnt in kilns for lime. As in so many other instances, the char- acter of the rock here determines the quality of the soil in great meas- ure. By calhng this superior to that in Penobscot county, we do not mean to underrate the latter — only that this is better. That in Penob-' scot county is far superior to much that is found along the seacoast and covering granitic and gneissic regions. And most excellent farms are common on the road all the way from Bangor. MICA SCHIST IN CARROLL. In the town of Carroll, the principal rock is mica schist. It is the only rock seen upon the east and west road running through the town. At Mr. H. Gates's, in the west part of the town, is a very fine bed of dark-bluish limestone, whose layers dip 45° N. W. The bed is several rods wide and of unknown length. Mr. Gates manufactures from 100 to 300 barrels of quicklime annually out of this bed. It is capable of producing much more, and furnishes lime equal to the best. It can be produced cheaper here than at Rockland, and can successfully com- pete with that in the market hereabouts. Hints of o.ther beds of lime- stone in Carroll reached us in both directions, particularly in the north- east. There is said to be a bed on the land of JMr. Ames. A similar bed also may be found on Mr. Coffin's land near the centre of the town. These limestones correspond better to the beds in azoic schists than with the Eolian limestone on Penobscot bay. The mica schist of Carroll extends uninterruptedly as far as Musquash lake in Topsfield, in an easterly direction. In the east part of Carroll there is an anticlinal axis, the limestone being upon the western side. The southeast dip extends to Musquash lake, and into Talmadge and the Indian township. The northwest dips occur at the saw-mill in Talmadge and about three miles from Princeton in the other township. These observations indicate the presence of a synclinal. A high range of mountains in the southern part of Carroll is evi- dently granitic, and connects as a mountain range with the syenite or Musquash lake, and has been traced into New Brunswick; and the pro- vincial geological map carries this granitic belt entirely through the province to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. ABOUT LAKEVILLE PLANTATION. The general outline of Scragly is given on the Penobscot county map, but it should lie partly in No. 6. We ascended a short thorough- fare from the east part of Scragly to Shaw lake, and found no ledges, but an immense number of boulders of granite and trap. This is a very pretty lake, but much smaller than Pleasant. It is not repre- sented at all on the State map. There are many islands in Scragly and Junior lakes, and. a few ledges of granite. Junior lake is connected by a short thoroughfare with Scragly, and it is six miles in length and perhaps four miles wide. It is represented correctly upon no published map. Two small lakes are situated near its north end. Duck lake and Mill Privilege lake, which are either omit- ted or not named upon the maps. No ledges occur either upon Junior lake or any of its small tributary lakes upon the north and west sides, of which there are five, which are incorrectly located or else omitted HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 17 upon all the maps. Nearer the south end of Junior lake the boulders become small and much water-worn, consisting of an interesting con- glomerate, trap, schist, and granite. Close by Junior stream they ap- pear to be piled up in a ridge, much like a rampart. Magnificent veins may be seen upon any of these lakes. Upon Junior stream large boulders of granite occupy the bed so much that it is difficult to manage a heavily loaded canoe among them. Two interesting boulders attracted our attention, as they had been worn into the shape of an hour-glass. 'V^e suppose the neck of the stone was worn most because the strongest currents chiefly exert their powers at that altitude. As is common to almost every thoroughfare, so here on junior stream the upper part is very stony, with quick water, and the lower part with very deep water and marshy bank, insomuch that chiefly sedges grew upon them; while the surface of the water abounds in white and yellow water-lilies and pond-weed. At the mouth of the stream the land is a little higher, a coarse beach separating the thor- oughfare from Grand Lake, in which we found boulders of metalliferous trap, pyrites, conglomerate, granite, clay slate, and schists. The character of the shores of both expansions of Grand or Witte- guerguagum, Pocumpus, and Sysladobsis lakes is uniform and may be described as a whole. The immediate shore is composed of angular blocks of granite, often of mammoth dimensions, with scarcely any soil over them. They are covered with moss, and the trees of the forest shoot down their roots among them with difficulty. The shores rise up grad- ually to hills and mountains, without a single clearing to give evidence of civilization. But no ledges appear, although their fragments are so common. These boulders often he in the lakes away from the shores, and may project above the surface. One such in Sysladobsis lake must weigh many hundred tons. Where the summits of the boulders just come to the surface they render the navigation difficult. It is extremely rare to see any rock represented among the boulders upon these lakes, except the angular granite fragments. Most of them are of the por- phyridc variety. On Sysladobsis lake may be seen the finest views of any of the west- ern Schoodic lakes. That part which lies in No. 5 is correctly repre- sented upon the county map, showing the "Big island" at the south end. That part of the lake which lies in No. 4 has a due north and south course, its northern extremity being only half a mile distant from Bottle lake. The Chain lakes in 4 and 5 are mostly small and swampy, except a single ledge of granite upon the upper or third Chain lake, which is the largest of the three. THE EAST BRANCH OF THE PENOBSCOT. The latest, and probably the best, summary of this re- gion was made by another of Professor Hitchcock's assistants — Dr. Ezekiel Holmes, of Winthrop, the chief naturalist of the exploration. He was assisted, as he re- cords, among others by Messrs. A. B. Farrar and William A. Johnston of Bangor, Benjamin Thomas of Maxfield, Manley Hardy of Brewer, and Louis Ketchum of Old- town. Deane Murch and his canoe were also engaged after the Hunt farm was reached. The narrative of Dr. Holmes, aside from its scientific value, possesses consid- erable interest. The language of the narrative is pre- served with little change. On the 7th of August, 1861, the party embarked at Oldtown for the contemplated survey in a batteau and three birch canoes, furnished with the necessary quantity of supplies, comprising equipments and a'pparatus required to facilitate researches and inquiries on the rivers and lakes in the forest to be traversed. The progress up stream in such a primitive craft, in a favorable pitch of water, must necessarily be slow and toilsome, but at low stages it must be slower yet by reason of the delays in looking out the deepest channels and the lime lost in working over bars and shoals where there is scarcely sufficient depth, even for the light draft of canoes. On account of the low stage of the water at the time of embarkation, the steamers which then plied between Oldtown and Mattawamkeag were hauled up, ahd the facilities of transportation which they would have afforded and the consequent saving of time were denied the explorers. They had therefore to depend upon their own navigation for convey- ance through that section of the route, thereby consuming three days of their time', when one would have been sufficient, could they have availed themselves of the agency of steam, as is usual in the early and later parts of the season. On the third day from departure they arrived at Nickatou (now Med- way), on the west branch of the Penobscot, which, to those bound up the east branch of the river, may be considered the end of the road, and the point where you bid adieu to civilization and take your plunge into the wild country. There were then but four settlers on farms above Nickatou village and the Hunt place in No. 3, and but nine in the whole range of country between Nickatou (west branch) village and the mouth of the AUeguash on the upper St. John — a stretch of not less than 150 miles. The cause of this was attributed to the fact that every township in this route was owned by proprietors who had hitherto held it for lumbering purposes. The State, having disposed of its interest in the lands, had not, of course, been called upon to aid in opening it up to settlers. The proprietors, content with the gains given them from the lumber, were not desirous of having them settled, thereby avoiding any calls of taxation for roads or risks from fires which might take place in clearing the lands. No particular obstruction was met with in the canoe progress until the party .came to Whetstone Falls, where it became necessary to un- load and carry by, a distance of half a mile. At this place the geolo- gist met with boulders of "encrinal" or fossiliferous hmestones and other boulders containing fossil remains which had been brought down from sections above. After getting by Whetstone Falls, a few hours brought them to Hunt's Farm, which is situate about midway of No. 3, Range 7. For more than thirty years this farm had been a welcome station or resting-place for the lumberman and voyageur as he passed up or down the river, and the probability was that it would continue, for years to come, to offer the same conveniences as theretofore, holding the monopoly of af- fording entertainment to the traveller for want of a rival establishment of the kind in the neighborhood. A road was some time before made from this place into the Aroostock Road at No. 3, Range 6, some twelve miles distant. The soil and agricultural capabilities of this farm gave a good criterion by which to judge of the surrounding lands in regard to their value for agricultural purposes. A large portion of it was interval, or alluvial soil on the margin of the river. The remain- ing portions in the rear were high swells or ridges. The interval is well adapted to grass, being in its lower parts inundated in the spring of the year, and thus fertilized by the fine particles left on the subsidence of the waters. The higher portions are easily, cultivated and very pro- ductive, and the swells or uplands afford excellent pasturage for stock. There are immense tracts of similar interval on the Penobscot and its branches near by (the Wassataquick and the Sebois), covered with forest and wild grasses which grow there in the rankest luxuriance, awaiting the hand of future settlers to subdue and convert them to smiling and productive meadows and fields, and thus enable them to contribute to the subsistence of man and to the wealth of the State. By previous arrangement the party were here met by the Rev. Marcus R. Keep, of Ashland, who had done so much as a pioneer explorer of Katahdin, and made known to the public the characteristics of that grand old mountain, in regard to the sublime and extensive prospect seen from its summit, its peculiar geological structure, and the rugged toil required to ascend to its pinnacle. A portion of the party immedi- ately on arrival placed themselves under the guidance of Mr. Keep, who was also accompanied with Mr. Maxwell, of Golden Ridge, and left for the purpose of ascending the mountain and making a recon- noisance of the country on the way to and from it. As this would take them three or four days, the remainder agreed to wait for them and employ themselves in repairing boats, exploring the vicinity of the farm and such other business as the furtherance of the expedition might de- mand. As before stated, the Penobscot and the Wassataquick, which comes in on the west side, and the Sebois, coming in on the eastern side further up, are bordered with large tracts of interval land, made up of the fine alluvium brought down by the waters of the respective streams. The uplands in the rear are rather stony or rocky, on account of the boulders which have been strewed over them at some former period. Among these boulders are found limestone of the description before mentioned, and conglomerates and old sandstone of large size, indi- cating that they had not been removed far from their parent bed, wherever it might be. The Katahdin party returned on Saturday afternoon, well satisfied with the labors, as well as the results and fruits of their expedition, and on Monday morning (i8th) all again pursued their voyage up the river. Before night they came to the foot of Grand Falls, and there camped. The Grand Falls, so called, are a series of rapids and cascades extend- i8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ing several miles, with occasional intervals of slack-water between some of the pitches. The whole form the most formidable obstruction in the river.between Oldtown and Grand Lake. It was a good day's work to get "luggage" and boats up to the foot of the first or upper pitch, and it was found necessary to encamp, reserving for the next morning the remainder of the "carry " and the getting up to "Camp Johnson" in No. s in the 8th range. The next morning and day proved somewhat rainy, but taking an early start they accomplished the rest of the portage, and once more em- barked. They found for a mile or two slack-water, after which a pretty smart current met them and continued until they came to "Stair Falls." An entirely difterent rock formation is found from the head of Grand Falls. Granite has entirely disappeared and given place to trap- rock and sandstone. Stair Falls are formed by ledges ot tlie latter crossing the river at right angles, and for nearly or quite a mile flooring the river in successive steps or "stairs," In the rock of the lower step, on the east side, were found " trilobites " and other fossil remains very interesting to the geologists of the party. Even Louis — who, by the way, is a shrewd and active member of the Penobscot tribe, and no mean representative of the aboriginal race— became very expert in hunting up specimens of the kind. On the 23d they arrived at Johnson's Camp, in No. 5 of the 8th. This camp had been constructed two years previously by one of the party (William A. Johnston) and his partner for the accommodation of their men while lumbering on this township, and it was found a very convenient stopping-place for a few days, from which different parties could proceed to examine the several localities in the neighborhood which promised to be interesting. These were the adjacent mountain, called the "Traveller," and some of its spurs; the rock formation at the dam at the outlet of the lake a mile or two above; the Stair Falls below and Bowlin Pond; Jerry Lake and Murch's or Horseshoe Lake on the eastern section of the township. The trap-rock of the moun- tains, the ' ' Silurian rock of the Stair Falls, " and the fossiliferous lime- stone in and about Murch's Lake afforded localities of interesting re- search and employment to the geologist. Suites of specimens from each were collected, all of which were enumerated and described in Prof. Hitchcock's final report. They also obtained many interesting specimens in the several departments of natural history, especially in ornithology, entomology and botany. The Ta.\/en {Corvus corax) , the \sLTge red-headed woodpecker [Picus pileatus), and several other rather rare birds, were here procured. While Prof. H. with a party proceeded up Grand Lake (Montagamon),. the rest proceed to the exploration of the eastern portion of the town- ship and the lakes in that section. The first point of examination was Bowhn Pond. Nothing very interesting presented itself in this vicinity except the remains of immense pines which were destroyed by the fires in 1825, the tranks of which were mostly fallen to the ground and lay quietly mouldering away. All of them were large, and some of them of enormous dimensions. This was once undoubtedly one of the most heavily timbered sec- tions of any part of Maine, In threading their way slowly over the fallen monarchs of the forest, they could not but be struck with evi- dences of the vast loss that had accrued to the State by the sweeping of fires through its forests and timber-lands. Millions of dollars could not replace the yalue or make good the destruction thus made. Some, who pretend to know the facts, asserted that the ores which caused the destruction of the timber in this particular locality, were intentionally set by way of revenge for the loss of some hay burnt by some of the employes of the Land Agent, which hay belonged to some of the tres- passers on the public lands. If this be true, it was a revenge the ef- fect of which will live long after its perpetrators have passed away, and which more than one generation will look upon with regret. Much of this timber was cut and carried away soon after its being burnt, but thousands and thousands of these once stately pines lay strewed about, having fallen in every direction. The growth that has newly sprung up on the ground thus divested of its former magnificent growth is in strange contrast with the size and grandeur of the dead trunks below them. It consists principally of white birches, poplars, and wild cher- ries. If the theory of alternating growth be true, thought Dr. Holmes, it would well if another conflagration would clear the present incum- bents of the soil, and allow a new race of pines to begin their growth, and to make good, in the course of years, the loss of their ancestors. The shores of this lake are low and rocky. The rocks are principally trap-rock, broken and strewed in profusion over the surface. Abundant signs of moose, deer, and bear were met with, and occasionally an otter- slide was seen on the margin of the lake, but the animals themselves were careful to keep themselves out of the way. Similar rock forma- tions but not quite so many decaying trunks of heavy pines, were found on the way from Bowlin to Jerry Lake. The western shore of this lake was the terminus of the ramble eastward from the camp. Turning to a northwesterly course, they traversed the section between this and "Murch's" (Horseshoe) Lake. About a mile east of the stream, or outlet of the last-named lake (the waters of which pass into Bowlin), while travelling over a well-timbered hard-wood ridge, the party sud- denly came to one of the largest boulders they had ever seen. It stands comparatively alone, isolated, as it were, in the midst of the forest. It is closely surrounded by a thick and heavy growth, while from its top have grown up another forest of stately trees, far overtopping those of the forest around and below them. This boulder is composed of the encrinal or fossiliferous limestone, the site of which was afterwards found further west, It was ascertained on measurement to be 200 feet in circumference. Its walls or sides were nearly perpendicular, though worn and furrowed by the abrasion of water, either before or since its removal from its parent-bed. The height was 18 feet, and the area on the top nearly as large as at its base and quite level, and was covered with a small wood-lot. A soil had, by some means, been formed there, and birches, maples, and cedars had sprung up and grown, some of them, to the size of eight or ten inches in diameter. In one of its clefts a family of hedgehogs {Erethizon dorsatus) had taken up their resi- dence, but were too snugly ensconced in their "lair" to allow intruders to reach them. It was found that, although a "feeble folk," like the cony of old they had "built their house in the rock," and defied ene- mies to dislodge them. So the explorers "left them alone in their glory," and passed on. Before starting on this expedition they had received several vague accounts of an island iu a lake somewhere in the neighborhood of Bow- lin, in which were sundry galleries and a cave of curious form and con- struction, "not made with hands." At the Hunt farm Deane Murch gave a new edition of the story about as indefinite as those they had be- fore heard, and also stated that he had himself, some thirty years be- fore, when out hunting, seen that same island, and thought he could again find, it, and that it was in one of the Bowlin chain of lakes. As he was with the party, it was one of the objects, when they arrived at Camp Johnston, in No. 5, to make an exploration and ascertain the truth in regard to the island cave, and fix its location more definitely and certainly, if location it had. On account of the uncertainty of its whereabouts it was thought advisable to begin the search at the lower Bowlin, and proceed upward, exploring the lakes in course until they had found the island, the rock, and the cave in question, provided any- thing of the kind were there. Up to this point of the search they had found nothing that had the most distant indication of anything of the kind, and poor Murch began to think that his sight of the rock that he had told of was a dream or a delusive vision thrown over him by Po- moola [the Indian devil, who, unless propitiated by special service, was always bringing hunters into trouble], on account of some delinquency in his service. They judged, however, that, from the frequent and pe- culiarly emphatic use of the name of that venerable old demon, and the accompanying unmistakably expressive anathemas uttered by him in his disappointment thus far, Pomoola could, have no fault to find with him on that score. The discovery of the huge boulder just described confirmed the belief of the existence of the island. It was concluded that this was one of its fragments, and that, judging from its size, the parent bed could not be far off. It was near night when they had finished the examination. They therefore went on about a half a mile to the stream before mentioned, and camped. Early next morning Louis and Murch were directed to follow up the stream until they came to the lake, while the rest were engaged at the camp, and to return and report. In the course of a couple of hours Murch returned, announcing, with great glee, that he had found his lake and the island they were in pursuit of— that his character for truth and veracity was fully vindicated, for, strange as it may seem, it was the very spot where he had seen "it thirty years ago. The party ac- cordingly went back with him to explore the locality. Leaving the stream, and proceeding in a northwesterly direction over a low ridge of hard-wood land, they found an abundance of boulders and also a ledge of the fossiliferous limestone of the same character as the large boulder just described and as those found at the Grand Falls, the Hunt Farm, and as low down the river as Whetstone Falls. After a walk of about three-fourths of a mile from camp, they came to Murch's Lake, usually called, from its shape. Horseshoe Lake. At the westerly end of this lake, and a few rods from the shore, was the long sought for island. The water was sufficiently low to allow wadjng to the spot. It proved to be a portion of the limestone ledge they had just passed, ris- ing from the water about 20 feet, and say from 200 to 300 feet in cir HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 19 cumference. Its lop was covered with bushes and sinall trees. The caves talked about proved to be large tubes or tunnels from three to four feet in diameter, worn smoothly, as if by running water, in a hori- zontal position, completely through or across the island. These tunnels are at the base of the island, and, of course, when the water in the lake is high, are nearly or quite submerged. They are at right angles to each other. The water was sufficiently low to allow the visitors to creep through them. At the place where they cross each other is a room, or cavity, not quite eight feet in diameter and about five feet in height. There are three others commenced, but they pass only a little way before they run into one or the other of the main tunnels. This lime-rock, as before stated, is fossiliferous, and contains several species of organic remains, and the whole of this portion of the lake is floored over, as far as examined, with the same rock, the flooring being quite level, and is covered with a fine silt or deposit of limestone particles, which render the water turbid when disturbed at the bottom. Here, then, is the site or parent bed of the limestone boulders, which had been found scattered along the pathway from Whetstone Falls to the lake. The questions, which an examination of the place gave rise to, are: What has worn these tubes or tunnels through this solid rocky islet? There is no current of waters in the lake, and if it had been done by currents of water, why are they worn at right angles to each other? Was the site of this lake, or this portion of it, once a ridge or mountain of limestone, which has been carried away by some tremen- dous sweep of waters and ice, and a basin thus excavated down to the present flooring of the lake, leaving only the lonely island before us as a witness of its former location? These queries and others of similar import can be answered only, if answered at all, by facts obtained by more extended and rigorous observation and research than we were able to make at the time of this visit to the place. Having finished the brief examination, and collected specimens of the rock, the scientists went back to their tent, packed up, and started on the return to Camp Johnston. On their arrival, they met Prof Hitch- cock, who, with Messrs. Goodale and Packard , had gone up the river to Trout Brook Farm, and returned, leaving the others to await their ar- rival. They had examined the sides and summits of the Traveller and other mountains near by, the rock formations at the outlet of the lakes and its shores, and the next day started again in company with others. Two miles above the camp above the camp they came to the dam at the outlet of the Grand Lake (Montagamon). This dam had been built by a company of the proprietors of townships above, and was as firm and durable a structure as could be built of timber. At this place commences the extensive chain of lakes which are found in this section of the wild lands, and which occupy so large a portion of the summit territory between the waters of the Penobscot, Aroostook, Kennebec, and St. John. They also found here the commencement of a series of dams and other improvements, built at great expense by the proprietors above named, extending from the foot of this (Grand) lake to the foot of Church Lake, at the head of the AUeguash, one of the St. John tributaries, giving them control of the waters of eight or ten lakes and extending more than eighty miles. By these dams and one or two locks, they not only husband the waters in these vast reservoirs, but are enabled to bring great quantities of lumber from the St. John waters, which would otherwise have to float down that river, instead of run- ning down the Penobscot, as.it now does. They are enabled to do this by the slack water caused by the flowage of the several dams, by which immense rafts of lumber are floated across the lakes and through their several connecting thoroughfares. When all the logs of the winter's operations have thus been brought down to the lower dam, the gates are all opened and the accumulated waters let loose, which gives a freshet sufficient to float them down to the booms above Oldtown, where they are caught and secured for use until they are called for. The thorough structure of these fixtures, and the liberal expenditure over so large an area of country, reflect much honor on the enterprise- and energy of the proprietors, and the doctor had no doubt were found to be profitable investments in a pecuniary point of view. At any rate they are instrumental in giving the Penobscot lumberman successful triumphs over the obstacles of nature, hardly rivaled in any other country. They noticed, however, another inevitable result of such flow- j „ age. Thousands of acres of splendid interval land, on the banks of the streams flowing into and the connecting thoroughfares of these lakes, are submerged a great part of the year. As a natural consequence, the beautiful forest growth, with which they were once covered, was killed and falling in every direction. This gives an unpleasant appearance to the otherwise beautiful scenery, and to the eye of an agriculturist seems to be rather a wanton destruction of so much valuable soil. But it belongs to those who flow it, and they have a right to use it in such way and manner as shall give them the most profit. Between Grand and Second Lake, or, as the Indians call them, Mon- tagamon and Montagamonsis, is a wide extent of this now submerged interval land. On the western upland margin of one of these tracts, on Trout Brook, No. 7, in R. 9, the Messrs. Pingree & Co. have made an excellent farm (Trout Brook Fajm). We found this farm under the management of Mr. Berdeen, assisted by three hired men. It is in rather a retired situation, being about thirty miles from any other human abode. The soil is excellent and very productive. It is prin- cipally devoted to the production of hay, but grain and roots are also raised in abundance. This is the farm more lately owned by Mr. E. S. Coe, of Bangor, which will be found mentioned by and by, in the narrative of Mr. Steele. The party had now passed out of Penobscot county, beyond which we need not follow them. FROM MATTAWAMKEAG TO THE ST. JOHN RIVER. The description of the geology of this section of country includes the geology of the East Branch of the Penobscot; of Ml. Katahdin; of Webster Creek and Lake; of the AUeguash lakes, and the AUe- guash river, or the district travelled over in August and September by our large exploring party, whose history has already been given. We use only that part falling within this county. The rock at Mattawamkeag is talcose schist, a member of the clay- slate formation, dipping 64 degrees southeast. In ascending the Pe- nobscot we find alternating layers of clay slates, occasional talcose schists, and grits, all the way to the Pond Pitch of the Grand Falls. At the mouth of Salmon Stream, in the southeast corner of Nicatou, these grits and slates dip 70 degrees northwest, making an anticlinal axis with the rocks at Mattawamkeag. A mile above Salmon Stream the dip is 50 degrees northwest, and still further 60 degrees north- west. Boulders of marble, along with slate, granite, etc., are everywhere seen in the bed of the river. A mile and a half below the village of Nicatou there are two small and very pretty alluvial terraces on each side of the river. The island at the junction of the two branches of the Penobscot is the remnant of a high gravel delta terrace, deposited by the West branch. Another part of the same terrace is at the fork itself. Back from the river coarse drift with boulders everywhere shows itself. Two miles up the East branch, at Ledge Falls, the rocks are slate, grit, and conglomerate, very much distorted, but with an average dip of 60 degrees northwest. It is an interesting locality for examples of small plications of the strata, and also for examples of cleavage planes and laminae crossing the strata. The two planes cross the strata at various angles from 30 to 40 degrees. The strata stand upon their edges at the north end of the Falls. Some of the strata are bent, so that portions of them resemble a row of fossil upright trunks of trees. The layers are both thick and thin-bedded. A conglomerate composed of large pebbles of calcareous slates is imbedded in the grit. A short distance north these pebbles are flat and elongated. A quarter of a mile north of the Falls the strata are perpendicular, running north 70 degrees west. Two terraces are found on both sides of the river through most of the town, and at Mr. Hiram Fish's house they are remarkably beauti- ful. Their material is gravel. Higher up there are three and four ter- races rising above one another in regular succession. In the south part of No. 1, there is a patch of clay a rod long and rising 10 feet above the water, which is set into coarse and fine gravel just as if it had been elevated from beneath. It was probably deposited in a deep hole in the gravel bed. The solid rocks grow more slaty in ascending the river. At the lo- cality of the clay in No. i, the clay slate dips 88 degrees northwest. A few rods above is a gray grit having the same position. At the Rocky Rips, above the mouth of Meadow Brook, the grits dip 75 degrees northwest. Half a mile above is a band of clay slate, with the strike rjorth 28 degrees east, and a southeasterly dip of 80 degrees, or making a sharp synclinal axis with the strata at Rocky Rips. At Grindstone Falls the rocks are alternating strata, as before, of clay slates, fine grits and quartz rock, dipping from 85 degrees east to 90 degrees south- easterly. Numerous boulders of granite fill the bed of the river at the Falls. On the east side of the river at the Falls are crushed ledges of slates, analogous to interesting examples found in Vermont. The ledge on the east side of the river is high — say 30 feet — and nearly perpendicular, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. but at its bottom at the water's edge are fragments of slate which have been broken off, scattered along at intervals of 20 rods. This pile of fragments is several feet thick, but is greatly reduced in size from what it has been, because the spring freshets have washed away many pieces from year to year. The force breaking off the strata appears to have come from the southeast. If one could imagine that a great rock 20 rods long happened to fall from the skies upon this particular spot, the results would be similar to what may now be seen. The theory has been proposed that these ledges were crushed by the topphng over of icebergs when the country was under the ocean , or that a huge wave elevated an iceberg, so that when the wave receded the iceberg fell upon and crushed the ledges. Professor Hitchcock thought the present case could be ascribed to frost and gravity. The water at the base wears away the bottom of the cliff and weakens the rocks there. The water which enters the fissures of the rock weakens the ledges still more by freezing. And as a heavy mass of snow and ice has accumulated in the winter upon the top of the cliff, it may be that its weight, combined with the weakening of the strata beneath, will cause the upper part of the ledge to fall down and present this crushed appearance. A similar example he had seen had removed all the debris before that time. Where these examples of crushed ledges occur upon the southeast slopes of hills, it is conceivable that the strata were broken off by the drift. This is a fine region for terraces, as compared with the rest of the State. One upon the west side of Godfrey's Falls is 72 feet above the river. From its top there is a fine view of Mt. Katahdin. At the upper part of the falls the strata dip 60 degrees northwesterly. At Crowfoot Rips in No. 2, R. 7, the slaty rocks dip 80 degrees south- east. The rapids here are produced by the fall of the water over nu- merous blocks of granite. Beautiful blue clay is found in this township. About Brown's island the sand is cemented into alluvial sandstone by the peroxides of iron and manganese. At the Bear Rips the slates dip 75 degrees southeast. A large number of boulders of the Lower Hel- derberg limestone were found at Whetstone Falls, containing in great abundance encrinal remains and the coral Favosites Gothlandica. These boulders in the township above are very large, one of them being 14 feet in diameter, and it would seem as if their source could not be far distant. The clay slates and grits at these falls dip 65 degrees southerly. The prevailing dip thus far is northwesterly, but we have passed over two anticlinal and two synclinal axes at least, since leaving Mattawamkeag. From Mr. Hunt's place Professor Hitchcock made a visit to Mt. Katahdin, guided by the Rev. M. R. Keep. He notes that — The path traveled from the Hunt farm to the top of Katahdin was struck out by Mr. Keep, to whom the State donated a quarter of a township in consideration of his services upon the mountain lands. On the east bank of tlie river, just above Mr. Hunt's house, there is a bank of gravel and sand whose strata are inclined at an angle of twenty-five degrees south, and must have been deposited over a steep slope. Some of the strata are consolidated by a ferruginous cement. At this place we found in boulders of loose sandstone a number of fossils of Lower Devonian type, coming probably from the Devonian rocks above. These boulders are different from those seen on the west side of Mount Katahdin. We suspect the range of mountains west of the East Blanch, in Nos. 3 and 4, to be composed of trap-rock. They have also somewhat of a sandstone aspect. A short distance above Hunt's farm, in No. 3, the same clay slates that were described below No. 3 occur, running north 10 degrees east and dipping 80 degrees east. Beyond, the strike is north 20 degrees east and the dip 73 degrees east. There is a large amount of clay along the river at the mouth of the Schools. The boulders on the river's banks are now mostly sandstones, conglomerates, honestones, and slates, very rarely any of granite. A few miles higher, the granite disappears altogether. Professor Hitchcock ascended Lunksoos Mountain on the west side of the river, and found its top to be 1,378 feet above the river, by the aneroid barometer. This mountain forms the boundary line between Townships Nos. 3 and 4, and appears to be composed of the same rocks as the range of peaks in No. 3. Lunksoos mountain is entirely composed of trap, a tough variety without any columnar seams. He had a fine view of the country all about this mountain, and in his note-book speculated " a considerable " about the geological character of the various hills and valleys observed, but did not give his surmises In his report. He was sure, however, that a mountain five or six miles northwest from Lunksoos is composed of granite, as he could see thg white rocks composing it both from here and from Katahdin. In Number Four of the Seventh range, the grit-rocks dip 60 degrees southeasterly. A similar ledge, called Buffer's Rock, has strata dip- ping 65 degrees southeast. At the mouth of Big Spring Brook in No- 5, R. 8, a horseback commences, which extends rather more than a mile to Bowlin Falls. Its material is unusually coarse, and boulders of granite predominate in it. Here the strata of slate and grit dip 50 de- grees northwesterly, forming an anticlinal with the strata previously observed. The surveyors had now arrived at the Grand Falls, which consist of seven different smaller falls, all of which have different names, and are found in a straight line, in a distance of three miles, but more than this if the course of the river be measured. The following are their names, in ascending order; Bowlin Falls, Hull Machine, Grand Pitch, Pond, Upper Pitch, and Stairs Falls, which consists of two parts. The same clay slates and grits at the Hull Machine dip 12 degrees northwesterly. At the Grand Pitch the grits prevail, alternating with thin bands of clay slate, standing perpendicular and running north 40 degrees east. The fall of water here is quite great and very beautiful. Large boulders of conglomerate are common here, such as are presently described in place. The strata of slates above the Grand Pitch dip 54 degrees southeast. Close by the Pond Pitch the last of the slates ap- pears, running northeast and standing perpendicular. It was thought there are two anticlinal and two synchnal axes between Hunt's Farm and Pond Pitch, or four anticlinal and four synchnal axes observed in this group of strata above Mattawamkeag. Hence they had crossed the same strata eight times on this section. At the Pond Pitch trap rock is found in place, which continues to the Upper Falls. In climbing a hill west of the falls they found a few rods' thickness of slate and quartz rock before reaching the trap con- stituting the hill, which appears to be the continuation of the trap of Lunksoos Mountain. The junction between the trap and conglomer- ate above was not noticed, but they suspected the trap to be bedded and related to the conglomerate, just as the trap rocks of Perry under- lie the Devonian conglomerates and sandstones of that region. In a figure of the Report is represented the relative positions of the under- lying slates, the trap rock, and the coarse conglomerate about to be de- scribed. At the bottom of Upper Falls the party were struck at once by the great change in the character of the rock. They found an exceedingly ■coarse conglomerate composed of pebbles of various hornstones, jas- pers, slates, and occasionally gi'anite, averaging two inches in diame- ter, and sometimes three feet through. Rarely seams of slate, and in one place several feet thickness of a calcareous rock, occur with the pebbles. It is difficult to ascertain the true position of this rock, but Prof. Hitchcock considers the following as the normal one: Strike north 65 degrees west , dip 45 degrees north. The same layers are trav- ersed by cleavage planes running north 18 degrees east and inclined 83 degrees east. This rock must be about 150 feet thick, and is evi- dently the base of the following series of rocks to be" described. Very large boulders of fossiliferous limestone abound in the vicinity of the Falls, whose course must be quite near. Above the Upper Falls, the rocks consist of fine-grained, dark-col- ored sandstones, having a pecuhar conchoidal fracture, like clay. On account of the rain he had no time lo stop and examine them closely. At Stair Falls, the ledges cross the river so as to make a series of falls, like a pair of stairs. The strata dip 40 degrees northwesterly, and are composed of sandstones of different textures and colors. Some of the ayers contain a trilobite, a new species of the genus Dalmanites. At the upper pitch of the Stair Falls, the dip of the strata is a little higher, A little yellow ochre is found in the sand ou the banks. The party staid a few days at Johnston's Camp, in the central part of No. s, R. 8, partly to recruit and partly to explore the vicinity. Atthe camp is the finest locality of Devonian fossils yet seen in Maine, but the ledges do not appear — the specimens are entirely in loose frag- ments, whose source must be very near. Among the specimens are such characteristic forms of the Oriskany sandstone as the Renuseleria ovoides. The fossils are entirely marine moUusca. The rock is a loosely cemented sandstone, verymuch like the Oriskany sandstone of New York, but unlike the Oriskany sandstone of Maine, as already de- described. A very high range of mountains appeared west of the camp, one peak of which was ascended. Boulders, frequently of enormous size, of red sandstone, are abundant between the camp and the mountain. They are so large that no can doubt that they came from the base of the mountain. The mountain itself is composed of a beautiful drab-colored HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 21 silicious slate, weathering grayish white, whose strata at the summit run north 70 degrees west and dip 40 degrees northerly. This Traveller is the isolated conical peak lying to the northeast of a much higher range of mountains, which has received the same name, but must be nearly a thousand feet higher. The peak is 1,622 feet above the river at its base; 625 feet below the summit is the lowest at which the Leci- dea geographica is found. The same silicious slates were found a small pond in No. Si R. 6, just over the line. Dr. Holmes made an excursion to the east part of No. 5, R. 8, and found at Horseshoe Pond, in the northeast corner of the township, a large mass of limestone containing the Favositn Gothlandica and crinoidal joints, which belongs to the Lower Helderberg group of Upper Silurian rocks. This rock probably crosses the East branch, but escaped notice in consequence of being covered by alluvium. Its strike is northeast and southwest. There is a small island in the pond, composed of this white limestone, in which there is a cave. About a mile west of the pond, the doctor reports an enormous boulder of limestone, upon which trees 10 inches in diameter are growing. It is 18 feet high, and 198 feet in circumference. It is on the top of a hil 300 feet above the pond. Between the limestone and Stair Falls, the rocks are fine, dark-brown sandstones, somewhat similar to those at Stair Falls. Approaching the dam at the foot of Matagamon or Grand Lake, in No, 6, R. 8, we find red sandstones, which are still more abundant and bright-colored at the dam itself, although black argillaceous seams are found with it.. The strata dip 40 degrees northwesterly. Numer- ous fossil marine mollusca are found at the dam, several of them very large, together with some marine vegetation, while remains of land plants are fouud further north on the west side of the lake. Half a mile below the dam are fossils resembling those collected at Johnston's Camp. Passing northerly, is found a steep, high ledge or mountain, known by an inelegant name, which is a little back from the lake, and proves to be silicious slate, being a continuation of this rock from the Travel- ler. Calcite, chalybite, or spathic iron, and traces of manganese oc- cur in this slate, often in nodular masses. These slates would seem to be the results of the alternation of the sandstones, unless there has been a great dislocation of the strata, for the sandstone layers do not seem to have been disturbed at all by them, The sandstone is found to continue on both shores about half-way up the lake. The most northern strata seen have the strike north 70 degrees east, and dip 15 degrees northwesterly. The geologist supposed these sandstones to be the equivalents of the Gaspe sandstones of Canada. There is a very fine opportunity for studying this group, both lithologically and paleontologically, in the region of Grand Lake, and also its connection with the Katahdin rocks. The Gaspe sandstones are 7,000 feet thick. The Grand Lake strata are certainly as thick as the Gaspe. He next came to a class of rocks entirely different from the sand- stones, consisting of black slates and slaty limestones, often very much permeated by tieavage planes. He referred this rock in his map to Silurian in part and Devonian in part, with a very indistinct notion of its proper place. The first ledge of it has the strike of north 55 de- grees east, and its strata are perpendicular. The rocks in the neigh- borhood are very much contorted, while the sandstones are not, just as if the slates were largely disturbed and elevated before the deposi- tion of the sandstones. Further north the slates dip from 45 to 50 de- grees northwest. Numerous small curves are found among them. On Louis Island the slates dip 42 degrees south, making a synclinal with the strata first observed. The cleavage planes are developed in these ledges at right angles to the strata. On the south side of Trout Brook Farm in No. 6, R. 9, upon a hill, a homstone is developed, apparently dipping 45 degrees southerly. The hill appears to be the northern terminus of the Traveller range. It is probably underlaid by the slates just described on Grand Lake, which crop out upon the same hill. GEOLOGY OF THE SEEOOIS. The Seboois river joins the East Branch of the Penobscot in No. 3, R. 7. At its mouth the banks are alluvial. The rock first seen is the clay slate series, which on the ESst branch is found to extend as high as the Pond Pitch. This- extends to the upper part of No. 4, dipping 80 degrees east. Peaked Mountain in this township is composed of a conglomerate, probably a part of the series found between the Grand Falls and Grand Lake. Large beds of limestone, containing the Favosites Gothlandica, which are probably the Lower Helderberg series, are also found about the mountain. The mountain has been cut through by a huge mass of trap, which has produced changes on the adjacent strata. The southern peak is composed of amygdaloid and homstone. This is supposed to be the same with the trap below Pond Pitch. The central peak is composed of coarse conglomerate traversed by veins of calcite. Boulders of red sandstone are found on the surface. The top of the mountain is 660 feet above the river. Above this mountain, the river finds its way among precipices of sandstone, 200 or 300 feet high. At the mouth of Jerry Brook, on the west bank of the Seboois, in No. 5, R. 7, red sandstone appears, dip- ping 75 degrees southeast. Sugar Loaf, on the east side of the Seboois, 1900 feet high, is composed of sandstone and clay slate cut through by a dike of trap 500 feet wide. The slates adjacent to the trap have been changed into jasper, homstone, and compact feldspar. Nodules of calcite and epidote occur in the amygdaloid part of the trap. The jasper bed is 10 feet wide. At Chegalapscagos Falls, red slate rocks are found, dipping north- westerly 80 degrees. Above the falls numerous dikes of trap rock and masses of jasper abound. Large boulders of the fossiliferous Helder- berg limestone are also found in the vicinity. In the south part of No. 6, the red slates dip 60 degrees N. W., then to the S. E., and presently to the N. W. again. At Godfrey's Falls, in about the middle of No. 6, the rocks are slates. Near the first Seboois Lake in No. 7, there is a fine development of the Lower Helderberg limestone. It is 90 feet wide, a bed inclosed in sandstone and brecciated by the intrusion of scoriaceous trap. Encrinites and the common favosite coral abound in the rock. Some parts of the bed are described as a good marble. The rocks upon the third Seboois Lake are argillaceous limestones, sandstone, and trap. No rocks are observed upon the La Pompique stream. Dr. Holmes, in passing from Matagamon Lake, on the East Branch, up Hay Brook, found perpendicular seams running through slate, with an east and west direction. About a mile above the mouth of the Mooseluck stream, in No. 8, R. 8, he found a ledge of coarse conglom- erate. HELDERBERG LIMESTONES AND MARBLES. Dr. Holmes made a report upon these to Professor Hitchcock, from which we extract some paragraphs: Among other objects of this expedition, I was requested to trace what I could of the localities and boundaries of the lower Helderberg marbles, or limestone formations that occur in this section of the State, and report to you. I have done in regard to it what the shortness of the time and the lack of some facilities allowed me. The more and further I searched into this branch of our geological formations, the more impressed I became of the ultimate value they will be to this sec- tion, and indeed to the whole State, and of the importance of longer time being devoted exclusively to their study and examination. A belt or formation of rock which, as I found, stretches in a continuous direction across not less than five townships, occasionally cropping out and at each locality of its appearance exhibiting surroundings and ac- companiments each of different character, could not be thoroughly explored and all its characteristics ascertained in the three or four weeks allotted to this section, and that time interrupted by a search for objects pertaining to other branches of natural history. On page 364 of your first report, in speaking of the geology of the Wassattiquoik while on your way to Katahdin, you observe that 'on the Wassittiquoik , near its mouth, we found ledges of a blueish quartz rock very evenly stratified. . . . Above them, on the bank, the boulders and large masses of limestone similar to those seen at Whetstone falls are so numerous that we believe the rock to be in place close by, certainly less than half a mile, if indeed we did not find it in place.' Your conjectures were right. Had you turned and gone up the north branch of the Wassittiquoik a little way into township 4, in the 9th range, you would have found the site from which the boulders you saw started. It is the first locality, or cropping out of this belt of the lower Helderberg formation, east of Mt. Katahdin.* I was not able to give this locality a personal examination, but ob- tained reliable description of its location from a person [Mr. David Malcolm, of Patten] who had visited the spot, clambered over the bluff it formed on the bank of the sjream, and showed me specimens of the rock identical in their composition and structure with the rock which I visited last year in Murch's lake, in the next township north- east of this (No. 5, R. 8.). *,This is undoubtedly the first belt of rock from which the boulders of fine statuary marble, discovered in 1861, were derived. C. H. H. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Considering its geological position and surroundings this locality is one of peculiar interest, situated as it is almost at the base of Katah- din, with its granite battlements guarding it on the west and south— the trap rocks of the Lunksoos range on the north, and the quurtz rock of the Maine Wassattiquoik on the east. I leave it to you and other geologists to decide the seniority of age and priority of occupation of these several formations, and to explain by what arrangement of nature this rock, so full of the remains of organic life, was placed in almost juxtaposition with such azoic neighbors. The one full of tangible proofs of an age teeming with aquatic animal and vegetable life and exhibiting through its structure the outward forms and shapes of former living tenants of an ocean in which they existed, and from which they drew their sustenance ; the others the very reverse of this — hard, crys- talline in feature— silet.t as to any definite condition of the past — giving no sign of any association with life at any period — their clearest mani- festations being those of an escape from heat of great intensity, ai)d of convulsive earthquakes which have shaken and shivered the neighbor- ing mountains and scattered their rough and angular fragments on every side. Whatever may be the theoretic speculations on this subject* one thing is certain. When the advance of settlement up the Penob- scot shall bring mankind in grearer numbers into this section, and the accumulations of thrift and industry shall enable them to erect mills and houses and public buildings, they will here find no dearth of most durable material for the same — no scarcity of granite and lime and marble to meet all the demands and purposes that may be ever required for architectural strength, endurance and beauty.* The general direction of the strata is northeasterly. The extent of the formation I am not able to give. It becomes covered by the soil, and is hidden from view. Pursuing the general course of the strike, which leads you in a direction across the township diagonally, it again turns up at the Tunnel rocks in Murch's or Horseshoe lake in the next township, No. 5, R. 8. As a pretty full description of this local- ity has been given in last year's report, it will not be necessary to say more here in regard to it. It is well, however, to note it, as being the next Unk in the chain of these Helderberg formations, the existence of which this survey has been instrumental in discovering. The next show of it, on this line of strike, is that discovered by Dr. Jackson, at the foot of first Seboois lake, an extract from whose description you gave in your first report (page 413). On his authority it is stated to be in township No. 7. I did not arrive at the rock in place when at that lake, but judging from the range of the boulders and other observations, I think, instead of being in No. 7, it is in upper, or northeast part of No. 6 of the 7th range. + Dr. Jackson also describes a locahty of this rock on Peaked moun- tain, in No. 4 of R. 7. I have not seen this, but if it is identical with the rock in question, it must belong to another belt, as it is east of the range of the belt we are describing. Continuing our course, we next find a splendid locality of it crop, ping out near the northeast corner of lot 16 in No. 7, R. 6. I explored this ledge some years ago. It breaks up from a comparatively levej plain, forming an abrupt, precipitous ledge on one side, fifteen or twenty feet in height. Its true location had been lost for several years, and some who had sought for it were unable to find it, until last autumn when from directions given them Messrs. Baston and Chase, of Rocka- raabe, succeeded in again discovering it, a description of which he gave in a letter to me published in your report (page 320). I look upon this ledge as a very valuable one. Specimens from it were put into the hands of a marble-worker, who found that it received a good polish worked free and made good corners, and was compact and even or uniform of structure. Its proximity to the Aroostook road, and the ease with which it can be quarried, render it a feasible and valuable source from which to obtain marble or lime, to meet the wants of a growing community. The next indication of this formation occurs in a line of the course hitherto pursued fiom No. 4, on or near the northern line of No. 8, R. 5. Boulders of Helderberg rock are- found here, but the true spot of their original site has not yet been ascertained, and future explora- ' At Whetstone Falls a few miles below, on the Penobscot, is a splendid water power with a good site for buildings. Had the State reserved the fee of the sod in itself, and given proper encouragement to settlers, there would long since have been a thriving village here. £ u t It is very difficult, if not impossible, in a dense forest and in the absence of a correct plan based upon an actual survey, to give the true geographical position of any rock. In this particular we realized the truth of the remark of Sir Wil. liam Logan, Principal of the Canadian Geological Survey, in which he declares "accurate topography is the foundation of accurate geology." tion will be needed in that place to make it eertain. Here ended my hurried and of course imperfect search for this species of rock forma- tions in this part of the State. They are deserving a longer and more careful scrutiny, which shall develope more fully both their geological and economical characteristics. I consider these formations, or beds, to be exceedingly interesting, not only on account of the intrinsic value of such rocks, in and of themselves, as affording a source from which to obtain marble for monumental or ornamental purposes, or excellent lime for cements or agricultural applications, but also for the geological teachings and testimonials they give of the period far back in the ages when this portion of Maine was submerged 'neath the ocean, and crinoid and coral and sea-fern and moUusk flourished on its shores and in its deep soundings, as they now do in the tropical seas of the South — interesting, too, for the story they tell of the singular changes that have taken place in the condition of the materials which compose them, of the hardening into stone of the soft ooze, while full of animal and vegetable life, embracing and still exhibiting their organic remains as clearly and distinctly as when they flourished in it in the vigor of actual life, for the unmistakable evidences they give of the mighty upheaving of this ancient bed of the sea, and its disruption into mountain masses in obedience to the laws and commands of Him "Who thundered, and the ocean fled." ABOUT PATTEN. Dr. Holmes says in his report to Professor Hitchcock: As it required some little time, after arriving at Patten, to prepare for a tour in the forest, what leisure I had was spent in excursions in that vicinity. The rock formation in this neighborhood, as you have stated in a former report, I found to be slate. In some localities I found it to exhibit good qualities for roofing slate. On the premises of Hon. Ira Fish, about a mile and a half from the village, and on the north bank of the Mill stream, this slate crops out in the form of a bluff of moderate height, from which we obtained ex- cellent specimens. From a cursory examination, as far as the sur- rounding forest would allow, I am led to the conclusion that a good quarry might be opened here, with a prospect of its yielding a large supply of this useful material of very fine quality. It cleaves readily, giving a smooth, even surface, and possesses the requisite tenacity to allow of its being dressed and pierced, or punched in the usual manner. A large portion of the boulders found around the village of Patten are conglomerate. None of this rock is found here in place except in one locahty. This was in the bed of the stream, near the lower grist- mill. One of the abutments of the bridge, which crosses the stream there, is built upon it. The extent of it is not manifest, as it soon dips below the bank and is hidden deeply in the earth. But little granite is seen after you pass above Lincoln. Professor Hitchcock adds the following : Dr. Holmes has described opportunities for quarrying roofing slate near Patten. Our own scientific researches have led us to define more closely the limits of the roofing-slate belt, upon which the best quarries are located , from Patten to Pleasant Ridge on the Kennebeck river. FURTHER CONCERNING SLATE. Anjong the metamorphic rocks along the coast southeast from Portland, patches of clay slate are occasionally seen , as in Biddeford, Saco, and Scarborough. It was noticed by the State geologist to ex- tend from the west line of Scarborough (on the Saco road) to a point beyond Dunstan corner. The strata run northeast and southwest, and are nearly vertical. The next deposit of clay slate is of immense extent. Beginning in the southwest part of Waterville, it proceeds thence into Winslow, and probably through Unity and Jackson, to the north part of Frankfort. On the east side of Penobscot river it appears in the north part of Bucksport, running down into the west part of Oriand, northeasterly through Orrington, Holden, and Eddington. From this point it is not known whether the southern border-line of the clay slate extends direct-' ly to Princeton, or whether it passes to Princeton around the west and north sides of Hancock county. The belt of clay slate in the northern part of Washington county is probably connected with the main de- posit, but it must make the northeastern termini of the slate fork- shaped. After taking up the line again at No. 10, R. 3, in Washington county, we can carry it but a short distance on account of the unex- plored region in the south part of Aroostook county. The slate, how- ever, disappears before reaching Houlton. Upon the Aroostook road we can find the northwestern side of the clay slate and carry it westerly. The western border is found in the village of Patten, where it lies side by HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 23 side with talcose schist. It passes over toward the East branch of the Penobscot, then runs up the Seboois river to Godfrey's Falls, and crosses over to the west side of the east branch of the Penobscot river at the Grand Falls. Thence it returns down the East branch to No. 2, when it runs over to the North Twin Lake. Thence it proceeds in a direct course to the south end of Moosehead Lake. From here it runs to the forks of the Kennebec river. Changing its course it runs down the Kennebec (or perhaps to a point near Mt. Abraham) to Bingharh; thence eastwardly to the vicinity of Parkman; thence southwesterly to Norridgewock, and southeasterly to Waterville, whence Professor Hitch- cock commenced to draw the line. Those who follow this line upon the map will perceive that a vast territory is enclosed by it, though of an exceedingly irregular shape. It includes all the settled portions of Piscataquis and most of Penobscot counties. Much of the clay slate over this area is of a fissile and easily de- composing character, so that it is useless for economical purposes. In the northeastern portions it is often more properly a fine-grained sand- stone, associated with lavers of clay slate, and rarely of limestone. In Piscataquis county there is much limestone connected with the slate. The most valuable portion of the slate, or the variety called roofing slate, is in Piscataquis county, passing into the counties adjoining. The relations of the clay slate to the more thoroughly metamorphic rocks of the southwest and south sides, are yet unknown, except at two or three localities, which are of too little value to allow of general- ization. Occasionally a mass of granite has protruded through the slate. We give a few details respecting the occurrence and position of the slate at various localities. The strata on the west side of Penobscot river below Bangor are inclined to the northwest, and are underlaid at Frankfort by mica schist. The clay slate in southeast Bucksport and the west part of Orland forms an anticlinal axis, which is overlaid on both sides by hornblendic rocks — possibly metamorphosed clay slates. The following observations of the strike and dip of the clay slates in Penobscot county were taken by Mr. Houghton during the season of 1862 ; Brewer, strike north 50 degrees east, dip 27 degrees northwest. Orrington, north part 70 degrees east, dip from 50 to 70 degrees north- west. Further south, strike north 80 degrees east, dip 60 degrees northerly. Just north of the village of South Orrington, strike east and west, dip 75 degrees north. Argillo-micaceous slate from West Bangor to Carmel with the following positions: — In Bangor, near J. Eastman's, strike north 55 degrees east, dip 30 degrees northwest; in Hermon, at Craig's house, dip 60 degrees northwest; west of do., strike north 63 degrees east, dip 60 degrees northwest ; at Hermon Centre, strike north 60 degrees east, dip 75 degrees north-west ; at East Carmel, strike north 73 degrees, dip 60 degrees northwest ; fur- ther west, strike north 45 degrees east, strata vertical; at Carmel Centre, strike north 70 degrees east, dip 75 degrees southerly ; at North Etna, strike north 70 degrees east, dip 70 degrees northerly, and also strata vertical. The common clay slates have the following positions : in the northeast corner of Plymouth, strike north 45 degrees east, dip 75 degrees southeast ; in Northwest Plymouth, strike north 55 de- grees east, dip from 70 to 83 degrees southeast; in South Plymouth, strike north 70 degrees west, dip 45 degrees southerly; in North Dix- mont, strike north 50 degrees east, dip 75 degrees southeast, also north 55 degrees south; at the Newburg line, dip 70 degrees north- west, and strike north 70 degrees east, dip 78 degrees northwes?. In Hampden Centre the dip is 35 degrees northwest. Thus it is seen that the northwest dip is the most common for the slates near Bangor; but it is not the only one. The presence of axes will enable us to reduce greatly the supposed thickness of the slates. This point is illustrated by examining the observations in a line cross- ing the clay slate from Patten to Bucksport. From Patten to a point three miles north of Molunkus village the dip is northwesteriy. Thence to the Five Island Hotel in Winn the dip is southeasterly. From this point to three-fourths of a mile below the village of Passadumkeag the dip is northwesterly again. Thence to the south part of Milford the dip is southeasterly. The strata for the distance to Bucksport pro- bably dip northwesterly. But they dip southeasterly as they disap- pear in Oriand. On this section there are then five axes — three anticlinals and two synclinals. Some of the slates about Bangor are so thickly glazed with plumbago as to have been mistaken for coal. They are largely talcose, and are occasionally traversed by dikes. The following is the general structure of the formation between Bangor and Barnard: At Bangor the dip is the northwest. This changes soon to southeast, which continues to Charleston. There it changes again and dips northwest. This dip is not continued long, for the rocks soon dip southeasteriy, and do not change again till we arrive at a point two and a quarter miles north of the south line of Atkinson. Then the dip is to the northwest, which continues to Barnard. The character of the rock as far as Atkinson is very much like that of the strata in Bangor. The layers are often ir- regular, and are traversed by veins of quartz. Beyond Atkinson the strata-planes are more regular and better adapted for quarrying. The strata at the quarries are nearly perpendicular, and incline northerly. The character of the rocks at Brownville and in the vicinity of the Ka- tahdin Iron Works is essentially the same. Rev. M. R. Keep, of Ashland, wrote as follows to the Geologist concerning some of the roofing slates of Northern Maine: "There seems to be in Aroostook county a distinct variety from the Brownsville slate and others in common use. That which has the most rift and seems likely to be worked some day for use and for market, is of a light blue color, and very soft, much like the Rutland freestone pencils, that are much preferred to the black pencils for their softness, and have come into use lately. My attention was first drawn to this fact in noticing some specimens in No. 9, R. 5, near what is called the 'Hews Place,' on the Aroostook Road near Masardis. In that region considerable quantities are found scattered over the surface, and the main ledge is visible in several places, but has not been opened yet. So far as the stone is concerned, some of the best writing slates I ever saw have been made from that owned by Mr. Robert Ready and men in his family. I have one of them in my possession, which as a speci- men indicates the best quality of stone for writing as well as roofing slates that I ever saw. The rift is most perfect, free and even, and the texture soft, so as to make good pencils for use on the same or other slate. This same kind of slate and nearly the same quality is found in No. 5, R. 5, also in Patten." WORKING THE SLATE. Sonne notice of the extensive slate quarries near Brown- ville, Piscataquis county, a locality formerly in this county, seems proper in this history. The Bangor or Piscataquis Slate Company opened the first slate quarry at Brownville in 1843. Its annual pro- duct soon amounted to twelve thousand squares, which readily sold in Bangor for an aggregate sum of thirty to forty thousand dollars. Sixty men were employed, and about twenty-five thousand dollars a year were paid out in wages. The famous quarries of A. H. Merrill, Esq., mainly at Brownville, were opened for trial in 1846, Mr. Merrill then owning one fourth share. The tentative efforts made soon warranted the expenditure of larger sums and the production of an increased quantity. With the changes of the year Mr. Merrill finally became sole owner, and remains such to this day. The latest statis- tics from his works we have seen represent a force of eighty men as steadily employed, and a yearly product of thirty thousand squares as being turned out, involving an annual expenditure of seventy-five thousand dollars. Fifteen hundred acres of land are occupied in the vari- ous operations of Mr. Merrill. His quarries are two miles frorai Brownville village. Until the railroad is completed to a more convenient point, he sends his pro- duct by teams to Milo Station, on the Bangor & Pisca- taquis railway. "horsebacks." We quote from Professor Hitchcock as follows: A curious class of alluvial ridges are found in great abundance in Maine, and scarcely occur out of the State, which are known by the provincial name of "horsebacks." They are found mostly in the un- settled districts, and have never been carefully explored by geologists. We are not ready to theorize upon their origin until more details of their structure and distribution are known. In general they may be described as narrow ridges of coarse gravel and sand, from thirty to forty feet high, situated in a level conntry, with sometimes an undulat- 24 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ing summit, and the two ends are of nearly the same elevation above the ocean. With this general statement, we proceed to specify their localities so far as they are known to us. The horsebacks are not common in the western counties. In Charleston there is a horseback running north 15 degrees west, cor- responding with the course of the drift striae in the neighborhood, which is four miles long. On each side of the ridge are peaty swamps of great extent. A branch strikes off from this ridge in a curvilinear direction. Mr. Houghton gives the following account of a horseback in the south part of Plymouth; "The horseback that runs through Plymouth pond, over which the road passes, is interrupted just south of the pond by several gravelly knolls, presenting an interesting field for investiga- tion. One has an abrupt hollow in the top of it, extending, I should think, to near the level of the pond, in the bottom of which is a clayey puddle. To the south of these the horseback is continued with greater height and steeper sides, and is said to extend uninterruptedly to near the centre of Troy. It is interrupted in the north part of Plymouth pond, and its place as a road is supplied by a floating bridge. It is hardly discernible to the north again till we arrive on the north side of Plymouth hill, whieh has cut acioss it. From this hill it extends to Newport pond. Its general direction is north and south. It runs a few degrees west of north in Plymouth pond. Its total length, so far as examined, is ten miles. In North Dixmont there is a large meadow on the west side, and a mill stream on the east side of the ridge. Upon the east side of the ridge there is an unfailing mineral spring eight feet above the mill stream. It appeared to me that this spring could not have come from the meadow upon the west side of the ridge, because it is higher up. What, then, is its origin?" The writer was informed of a very long horseback on the west side of Penobscot river, commencing at Orono, and extending through Oldtow, nAlton, Argyle, Edinburg, Howland, Maxfield, and two No. 3 townships to the West branch of the Penobscot. This would make the horseback fifty miles long. Part of its course would lie along Se- boois stream. One of the scientific reporters says : We rode over a large horseback in Enfield for an eighth of a mile, and the ridge extended further. A smaller one runs from Lincoln into Enfield. Rev. Mr. Keep informs us that there is a horseback extend- ing from the Indian township at Mattawamkeag Point to Bradley, on the other side of the Penobscot; another in Nos. 2 and 4 of Penob- scot county west of Sisladobsis Lake, and a third in Levant and Corinth. The stage road passes over an interesting horseback between Ken- duskeag and Corinth. The road first strikes in the west part of the village of Kenduskeag, and continues upon it for three miles to a cem- etery in South Corinth, It appears to extend somewhat further in both directions. Its general direction is northwesterly; but there are chano-es and curves in it, whose precise nature may be ascertained by noticing upon the map of Penobscot county the course of the stage road. This ridge is wide and not so high in proportion to its width as is most com- mon. It is of the whaleback type, like the e.xample'in .Aurora, Hancock county. Its attitude is estimated at from twenty to fifty feet, and its width from six to fifteen rods. It starts from the lee side of a large but low hill, and the northwest end is higher than the southeastern. A cut through it reveals a section of gravel precisely like the ideal sketch of a horseback. MAKBLE AND LIMESTONES. The marbles to be found in Maine occur chiefly upon the belt of Hel- derberg limestone running from Matagamon (East Branch Penobscot) river northeasterly. Other localities of good limestones were visited during the geological survey. That at Carroll, says Professor Hitch- cock, surpassed anticipation; and similar beds can be fonnd in the vicinity and in adjoining towns. Here lime was manufactured exten- sively, three to five hundred barrels being then produced annually upon the farm of Mr. Gates. The State Geologist also found on the east branch of the Penobscot boulders of a very fine statuarv marble, speci- mens of which may be seen at the State House. It is, he said, one of the most promising specimens of marble we have seen anywhere in the State. Without doubt these boulders were derived from a strip of Lower Helderberg limestone, running through the whole of the north em part of the State, and very- possibly in two or three different belts It may belong to the same belt with that discovered by Dr. Jackson in No. 7, R. 7. Beds of azoic limestone occur in Dexter, Hampden, Oldtown Carroll and m boulders upon the Penobscot river. Those in Dexter and Car- [ roll are of great value. In Dexter the beds are numerous. One upon I Mr. Crowell's land is blue, very extensive, with only 10 per cent, of im- purities. It runs nearly east and west, and dips 80 degrees southerly. Mr. Fish's limestone is similar to the preceding, but contains veins of calcite; 89. i per cent, of it is carbonate of lime. Another blue com- pact of limestone, containing 78. 1 per cent, of carbonate of lime, is found upon L. Pullen's farm. That on John Puffer's farm contains 84 per cent, of carbonate of lime. A few calciferous slates are interstrati- fied with these beds, but the prevailing rock is clay slate. The explorers found boulders of a beautiful azoic marble on the Penobscot river, be- tween Winn and No. 3. Their source cannot be far distant. Th2re are seven patches of the Lower Helderberg group, mostly lime- stone i, in the north part of the State. One is at the base of Squaw Mountain at the southwest end of Moosehead Lake, adjacent to mica schist, and not unlikely of the same age. It is a calciferous slate nearly vertical, containing the Favosites Gothlandica. The character of Squaw Mountain is not known. Another locality of the Lower Helderberg is on an island at the lower end of Ripogenus Lake. The rock consists of beds of gray limestone in slats, and appears both al the lower end of the island and on the opposite shores. The limestone contains the same coral as before. Some of the rock is brecciated This locality is adjacent to novaculite slate and to granite. The report did not say whether these two localities are isolated parts of one belt but presumed that careful exploration would connect them together as well as trace the rock a great distance northeasterly beyond the Pe- nobscot. The other localities exhibit a limestone as the characteristic rock of the group. Probably some of the slates and sandstones adjacent are of the same age. One locality was discovered by Dr. Hohnes at Horse Shoe pond, in No. 5, R. 8. It contains the characteristic coral in abundance, and there is a great cave in the limestone. Another limestone, probably of this age, is in No. 7, R. 7, near the mouth of the Seboois river. It is 90 feet thick, and has been partially altered by a trap dike. It may produce a marble when the demands of the county shall require its use. This bed probably extends down the East Branch of the Penobscot river, as boulders of the rock were found as far down as Winn, which did not appear to have been transported very far. MANUFACTURE OF LIME. A table of localities where lime is made, with the percentage of quicklime in the stone quarried there, was prepared for the geological report. The finest limestone, it was stated, can afford but little more than fifty per cent of lime. From this statement the relative values of the different beds of stone may be easily ascertained. Dexter is the only Penobscot county town named in this table. From the stone at E. Crowell's quarry, 50.6 per cent of quicklime was manufactured; from the Fish quarry, 50.1 per cent; from John Puffer's, 47.2. Hamp- den is enumerated among many places where a lime of poorer quality, but still suitable for agricultural purposes, may be obtained. Observations had also been made of a belt of very excellent lime-making limestone at the following points: On Moosehead lake, at Ripogenus Falls on the West branch of the Penobscot, in boulders on the East branch of the Penobscot all the way from Winn to the Grand Falls, on Horseshoe pond in No. 5, R. 8, in No. 4, R. 7, in No. 6, R. 7, in No. 7, R. 7, in No. 7, R. 6, in Ash- land, in No. 13, R. s, in No. 13, R. 7, and on the west side of Square Lake. TRAP ROCK. We quote: On the Aroostook river, trap appears near Ashland and at the falls, where it joins the St. John River. Another mass of trap appean between the Pond Pitch and the Upper Falls on the East branch of the Penobscot. It appears to correspond in its general character and posi- tion with the trap in Perry, which underlies the Devonian sandstone, for the rock at the Upper Falls, overlying the bedded trap, is at conglomerate of the same age as that in Perry. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 25 Boulders of a fine amygdaloidal trap are common all along the East branch, the Seboois, and the Upper Aroostook rivers. East of Mount Katahdin, upon the East branch of the Penobscot, and upon the Se- boois river, there are immense masses of trap, forming mountains and perhaps ranges. Lunksoos mountain, on the Penobscot, and Peaked mountain, on the Seboois, are examples. Trap dikes were noticed in the following localities: In Hampden, on the west side of Penobscot river, and in Hancock and Ellsworth. Most of the granite in Maine is found in its western and southeastern counties, yet is by no means wanting in the more northern portions. The region of Mt. Katahdin shows an immense development of it, from the unexplored region east of Moosehead Lake to the East branch of the Penobscot. The Katahdin mountains, rising suddenly out of a rolling country to a great height, illustrate the topographical mode of the development of this rock very finely. There appears to be a range of granite and syenite from Island Falls, No. 4, R. 4, on the Mattawamkeag river, to Linneus and New Limer- ick. Boulders of granite are exceedingly numerous at the north end of Churchill Lake, and the ledges cannot be far distant. The general absence of granitic boulders in Northern Maine shows, as well as the nature of the rocks in place, the great difference in the geological and agricultural character of the two districts. The absence of granite is generally partial evidence in favor of a good soil, which evidence is strengthened by other considerations in the case. We venture to assert that there is not a mountain in Maine, frag- ments of which will not be found scattered over the country to the south or southeast. The granite of the Katahdin region is scattered over the southern part of Penobscot county, and the rocks of Mt. Abraham and Mt. Blue may be recognized among the boulders of Kennebec county. SUNDRY GEOLOGICAL NOTES. From various parts of the later State Geological Re- port?, are selected remarks concerning Penobscot county, which have not been used hitherto in this chapter. Terraces are not very abundant in Maine, although they are sufificiently common to excite attention. They are often chosen for the sites of villages or of tasteful private dwellings. All the large streams of the State are lined by them more or less — as the Piscataquis, the Saco, Pre- sumpscot, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, St. John, and St. Francis rivers. They are well developed in Ber- wick, Brunswick, Waterville, Lewiston, between Bangor and Lincoln on the Penobscot, and on the east branch of the same river between Medway and No. 4. There is doubtless a large amount of talcose schist in the immense clay slate formation in the central part of the State. Over much of this area the two rocks are in- terstratified, the latter predominating. The rock between Mattawamkeag Point and Lincoln, on the Penobscot river, is really more like the schist than the slate. There is talcose schist also in Charleston and Dixmont. The fossils from the loosely consolidated red sand- stones of the Washington county group are scattered along the east branch of the Penobscot river. But we do not find them in place until we arrive at the Grand Falls in No. 5, R. 8. Argyle is named as one of several points where occur extensive deposits of bog-ore, often of sufficient extent for the manufacture of iron. In Dixmont are found sulphated chalybeate springs, containing carbonate acid in solution. travellers' notices — STEELE. Some of the most vivid sketches of scenery and civili- ,;ation along the Penobscot and its branches are com- prised in the narratives of the tourists. They are often men of culture, who see things with the eye of the artist or scientist; and their relations are replete with pictur- esque character and information. One of the best of these is one of the most recent — Mr. Thomas Sedgwick Steele, writer, artist, and active business man, of Hart- ford, Connecticut, whose little book on Canoe and Camera: A 200-mile Tour through the Maine Forests, is one of the most entertaining sketches of travel in the language. He entered the wilderness by way of Moose- head lake and the west branch of the Penobscot, passing across Chesuncook and Chamberlin lakes to the chain of small lakes and rivers that brought him to the borders of Penobscot county at Lake Matagamon. Between this and the Matagamonsis water, upon a site just west of the Penobscot line, Mr. Steele claims the discovery of a small lake, about two miles in extent, not yet upon any other map than his, and which fitly, from him, takes the name of Steele lake. The tourist makes pleasant notice of the fine farm on the Trout Brook stream, owned by Mr. E. S. Coe, of Bangor, who has extensive lumber interests in this region. His narrative thenceforth lies altogether in Penobscot county. We make enough extracts from it to convey a good idea of the character of the East Branch of PenobsCot and the adjacent scenery: After dinner at the house, our party bade our new-found friends adieu and paddled down the Thoroughfare into Grand or Matagamon lake, which is about one-third longer than Lake Matagamonsis, and went into camp at its foot, on the right bank, near another old dam. The eastern shore of this lake (the largest body of water on our course since leaving Chamberlin lake) is not especially attractive to the artist, being low and covered with meadow grass.. But the western is decidedly picturesque, being bold and rocky, which, climbing from ele- vation to elevation, finally culminates in the precipitous and rugged peak of Matagamon moutain, towering above one's head to the height of 600 feet, and is almost divested of foliage. We halted but one night on this lake, but were well rewarded by the number and size of the fine trout captured, adding also to our creel a small salmon. From Grand lake to the junction of the East with the West branch of the Penobscot it is 60 to 75 miles, the river being shut in on all sides by lofty mountains, or heavy belts of grand old forests, through which the swift river tumbles, with only an occasional suggestion of the lumber- man's axe. There are eleven conspicuous falls in this interval, varying from 20 to 60 feet in height, while the charming cascades are too numerous to mention. The abrupt descents bear the names of Stair, Haskell Rock, Grand, Pond Pitch, Hulling Machine, Bowling, Spring Brook Gravel Bed, Whetstone, Grindstone, Crowfoot, and Ledge Falls, their names, in many cases, suggesting their wild and rugged formation. The water swept so swiftly through this section that, with the excep- tion of the last 20 miles, it was hardly necessary to use our paddles, but, keeping an eye to the rocks in our path, we could silently enjoy the many lovely changes constantly opening in the landscape. But this also was decidedly the hardest part of the entire excursion. At most of these falls, our whole camp equipage, provisions, and canoes had to be "packed" around the falls from one to two miles, and in many cases there was hard climbing along the steep, rocky sides of the mountains which followed the river's course, while each one of us car- ried his portion of the load. , . . Along the river's bank to the west, for many miles, are the lovely Traveller mountains, whose rambling appearance and daily companionship are fully represented by their name. Stair Falls the Quartermaster and myself ran in our canvas canoes, but the guides, tending their birches as if they were glass, dropped them from step to step by means of ropes. . . . After passing Spring Brook Gravel Bed Falls, we paddled through a mile or two of heavy "rips " and entered some two miles of " dead water." On turning a beautiful bend in the river, what was our surprise to ob- serve the rugged growth of pines gradually disappear, and the landscape immediately softened by the introduction of a dense forest of maple, elm, ash, and noble oak trees, whose gnarled trunks pushed themselves 26 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. far into the stream, the branches overlocking above our heads and forming a canopy that darkened the water. Exclamations of surprise raifg from our lips as all the canoes, in "Indian file," drifted through the enchanting bower, and we thought to ourselves, if in the quiet dress of summer this is so lovely, what must it be when clothed in autumnal foliage? THOREAU. One of the most remarkable tourists who ever made an excursion up or down the Penobscot valley was Henry D. Thoreau, the self-taught naturalist and hermit- philosopher of Concord, and author of several books — Excursions, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, Walden, and The Maine Woods — which are re- markable for their descriptive power, and the minuteness and clearness of observation they display. Thoreau was here in 1846, on his way to the ascent of Mt. Katahdin. He left Bangor in a buggy September ist, with one companion, for Mattawamkeag Point. His narrative proceeds : Within a dozen miles of Bangor we passed through the villages of Stillwater and Oldtown, built at the falls of the Penobscot, which fur- nish the principal power by which the Maine woods are converted into lumber. The mills are built directly over and across the river. Here is a close jam, a hard rub, at all seasons ; and there the once-green tree , long since white, I need not say as the driven snow, but as a driven log, becomes lumber merely. Here your inch, your two- and your three-inch stuff begins to be, and IVIr. Sawyer marks off those spaces steel which decide the destiny of so many prostrate forests. Through this riddle, more or less coarse, is the arrowy Maine forest, from Ktaadn and Chesuncork, and the headwaters of the St. John, relentlessly sifted, till it comes out boards, clapboards, laths, and shingles such as the wind can take, still perchance to be slit and slit again, till men get a size that will suit. Think how stood the white-pine tree on the shore of Chesuncook, its branches soughing with the four winds, and every individual needle trembling in the sunlight; think how it stands with it now, — sold, perchance, to the New England Friction-Match Co. ! There were in 1837, as I read, 250 saw-mills on the Penobscot and its tribu- tories above Bangor, the greater part of them in this immediate neighborhood, and they sawed 200,000,000 of feet of boards annually. To this is to be added the lumber of the Kennebeck, Androscoggin, Saco, Passamaquoddy, and other streams. No wonder that we hear so often of vessels which are becalmed off our coast, being surrounded a week at a time by floating lumber from the Maine woods. The mis- sion of men there seems to be, like so many busy demons, to drive the forest all out of the country, from every solitary beaver-swamp and mountain side, as soon as possible. At Oldtown we walked into a batteau-manufactory. The making of batteaux is quite a business here for the supply of the Penobscot River. We examined some on the stocks. They are light and shapely vessels, calculated for rapid and rocky streams, and to be carried over long portages on men's shoulders; from twenty to thirty feet long, and only four or four and a half feet wide, sharp at both ends like a canoe, though broadest forward on the bottom. .... There was something refreshing and wildly musical in my ears in the very name of the white man's canoe, reminding me of Charlevoix and Cana- dian voyagers. The batteau is a sort of mongrel between the canoe and the boat, a fur-trader's boat. The ferry here took us past the Indian island. As we left the shore I observed a short, shabby, washerwoman-looking Indian — they com- monly have the woe-begone look of the girl that cried for spilt milk just from "up river," land on the Oldtown side near a grocery, and drawing up his canoe, take out a bundle of skins in one hand and an empty keg or half-barrel in the other, and scramble up the bank with them. This picture will do to put before the Indian's history that is the history of his extinction. In 7837 there were 362 souls left of this tribe. The island seemed deserted to-day, yet I observed some new houses among the weather-stained ones, as if the tribe had still a design upon life; but generally they have a very shabby, forlorn, and cheerless look, being all backside and woodshed, not homesteads, even Indian homesteads; but, instead of home or abroad-steads, for their life is domi aut militice, at home or at war, or now rather venatus — that is, a hunting, and most of the latter. Tha church Is the only trim-looking bnilding; but that is not Abenaki, that was Rome's doings. Good Canadian it may be, but it is poor Indian. These were once a power- ful tribe. PoUtics are all the rage with them now. I even thought that a row of wigwams, with a dance of powwows and a prisoner tortured at the stake, would be more respectable than this. We landed in Milford, and coasted along on the east side of the Penobscot, having a more or less constant view of the river and the islands in it; for they retain all the islands as far up as Nieatou, at the mouth of the East Branch. They are generally well-timbered, and are said to be better soil than the neighboring shores. The river seemed shallow and rocky, and interrupted by rapids, rippling and gleaming in the sun. It was the Houlton road on which we were now travelling, over which some troops were marched once toward Mars' Hill, though not to Mars' field, as it proved. It is the main, almost the only road in these parts, as straight and well-made, and kept in as good repair, as almost any you will find anywhere. Everywhere we saw signs of the great freshet, — this house standing awry, and that where it was not founded, but where it was found, at any rate, the next day; and that other with a water-logged look, as if it were still airing and drying its basement, and logs with everybody's marks upon them, and sometimes the marks of their having served as bridges, strewn along the road. We crossed the Sunkhaze, a summery Indian name, the Olemon, Passadumkeag, and other streams, which make a greater show on the map than they now did on the road. . . . At sundown, leaving the river-road awhile for shortness, we went by way of Enfield, where we stopped for the night. This, like most of the localities bearing names on this road, was a place to name, which, in the midst of the unnamed and incorporated wildness, was to make a distinction without a difference, it seemed to me. Here, however, I noticed quite an orchard of healthy and well-grown apple-trees, in a bearing state, it being the oldest settler's house in this region ; but all natural fruit, and comparatively worthless for want of a grafter — and so it is generally lower down the river. It would be a good specula- tion , as well as a favor conferred on the settlers, for a Massachusetts boy to go down there with a trunk-full of choice-scions, and his graft" ing apparatus, in the spring. The next morning we drove along through a high and hilly country, in view of Coldstream Pond, a beautiful lake four or five miles long, and came into the Houlton road again, here called the military road, at Lincoln, 45 miles from Bangor, where there is quite a village for this country — the principal one above Oldtown. Learning that there were several wigwams here, on one of the Indian islands, we left our horse and wagon, and walked through the forest half a mile to the river, to procure a guide to the mountain. It was not till after considerable search that we discovered their habitations — small huts, in a retired place, where the scenery was unusually soft and beautiful, and the shore skirted with pleasant meadows and graceful elms. There were very few houses along the road, yet they did not alto- gether fail, as if the law by which men are dispersed over the globe were a very stringent one, and not to be resisted with impunity or for shght reasons. There were even the germs of one or two villages just beginning to expand. The beauty of the road itself was, remarkable. The various evergreens, many of which are rare with us— delicate and beautiful specimens of tlie larch, arbor-vitae, ball-spruce and fir-balsam, from a few inches to many feet in height— lined its sides, in some places like a long front yard, springing up from the smooth grass-plats which uninterruptedly border it, and are made' fertile by its wash; while it was but a step on either hand to the grim, untrodden wilder- ness, whose tangled labyrinth of living, fallen, and decaying trees only the deer and moose, the bear and wolf, can easily penetrate. More perfect specimens than any front-yard plot can show, grow there to grace the passage of the Houlton teams. About noon we reached the Mattawamkeag, 56 miles from Bangor by the way we had come, and put up at a frequented house still on the Houlton road, where the Houlton stage stops. Here was a substantial covered bridge over the Mattawamkeag, built, I think they said, some 17 years before. We had dinner — where, by the way, and even at breakfast, as well as supper, at the public houses on this road, the front rank is composed of various kinds of "sweet-cakes," in a contin- uous hne from one end of the table to the other. I think I may safely say that there was a row of 10 or 12 plates of this kind set before us two here. To account for which, they say that, when the lumberers come out of the woods, they have a craving for cakes and pies and such sweet things, which there are almost unknown, and this is the supply to satisfy that demand. The supply is always equal to the de- mand, and these hungry men think a good deal of getting their ey's worth. No doubt the balance of victuals is restored by the ti mon- me HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 27 they reach Bangor— Mattawamkeag takes off the raw edge. Well, over this front rank, I say, you, coming from the "sweet-cake" side, with a cheap, philosophic indifference though it may be, have to as- sault what there is behind, which I do not by any means mean to insinuate is insufficient in quantity or quality to supply that other de- mand, of men, not from the woods, but from the towns, for venison and strong country fare. After dinner we strolled down' to the Point, formed by the junction of the two rivers, which is said to be the scene of an ancient battle between the Eastern Indians and the Mohawks, and searched there carefully for relics, though the men at the bar-room had never heard of such things ; but we found only some flakes of arrow-head stone, some points of arrow-heads, one small leaden bul- let, and some colored beads, the last to be referred, perhaps, to early fur-trader days. The Mattawamkeag, though wide, was a mere river's bed, full of rocks and shallows at this time, so that you could cross it almost dry-shod in boots; and I could hardly believe my companion, when he told me that he had been fifty or sixty miles up it in a bat- teau, through distant and still uncut forests. A batteau conld hardly find a harbor now at its mouth. Deer and caribou, or reindeer, are taken here in the winter, in sight of the house. Early the next morning we had mounted our packs, and prepared for a tramp up the West Branch, my companion having turned his horse out to pasture for a week or ten days, thinking that a bite of fresh grass and a taste of running water would do him as much good as backwoods fare and new country influences would his master. Leap- ing over a fence, we began to follow an obscure trail up the north bank of the Penobscot. There was now no road further, the river being the only highway, and but half a dozen log-huts, confined to its banks, to be met with for 30 miles. On either hand, and beyond, was a wholly uninhabited wilderness, stretching to Canada. Neither horse nor cow, nor vehicle of any kind, had ever passed over this ground; the cattle and the few bulky articles which the loggers use being got up in the winter on the ice, and down again before it breaks up. The evergreen woods had a decidedly sweet and bracing fragrance ; the air was a sort of diet-drink; and we walked on buoyantly in Indian file, stretching our legs. Occasionally there was a small opening on the bank, made for the purpose of log-rolling, where we got a sight of the river— always a rocky and rippling stream. The roar of the rapids, the note of a whistler-duck on the river, of the jay and chickadee around us, and of the pigeon-woodpecker in the openings, were the sounds that we heard. This was what you might call a brand-new country; the only roads were of Nature's making, and the few houses were camps. Here, then, one could no longer accuse institutions and society, but must front the true source of evil- There are three classes of inhabitants who either frequent or inhabit the country which we had now entered— first, the loggers, who, for a part of the year, the winter and spring, are far the most numerous, but in the summer explorers for timber completely desert it; second, the few settlers I have named, the only permanent inhabitants, who live on the verge of it and help raise supphes for the former; third, the hunters, mostly Indians, who range over it in their season. At the end of three miles we came to the Mattaseunk stream and mill, where there was even a rude wooden railroad running down to the Pe- nobscot, the last railroad we were to see. We crossed one tract on the bank of the river, of more than a hundred acres of heavy timber, which had just been felled and burnt over, and was still smoking. Our trail lay through the midst of it, and was well-nigh blotted out. The trees lay at full length, four or five feet deep, and crossing each other in all directions, all black as charcoal, but perfectly sound within, still good for fuel or for timber; soon thefwould be cut into lengths and burnt again. Here were thousands of cords, enough to keep the poor of Boston and New York amply warm for a winter, which only cumbered the ground and were in the settler's way. And the whole of that solid and inter- minable forest is doomed to be gradually devoured thus by fire, like shavings, and no man be warmed by it. . . . I walked through Salmon River with my shoes on, it being low water, but not without wetting my feet. A few miles farther we came to "Marm Howard's," at the end of an extensive clearing, where there were two or three log huts in sight at once, one on the opposite side of the river, and a few graves, even surrounded by a wooden paling, where already the rude forefathers of a hamlet he, and a thousand years hence, perchance, some poet will write his "Elegy in a Country Courchyard." The next house was Fisk's, ten miles from the Point, at the East Branch opposite to the island Nickatou, or the Forks, the last of the In- dian islands. I am particular to give the names of the settlers and the distances, since every log hut in these woods is a public house, and such information is of no little consequence to those who may have occasion to travel this way. Our course here crossed the Penobscot, and fol- lowed the southern bank. One of the party, who entered the house in search of some one to set us over, reported a very neat dwelling, with plenty of books and a new wife, just imported from Boston, wholly new to the woods. We found the East Branch a large and rapid stream at its mouth, and much deeper than it appeared. Having with some difficulty found the trail again, we kept up the south side of the West, Branch, or main river, passing by some rapids called Rock Ebeerae, the roar of which we heard through the woods, and, shortly after, in the thickest of the wood, some empty loggers' camps, still new, which were occupied the previous winter. . . White's farm, thirteen miles from the Point, is an extensive and elevated clearing, from which we got a fine view of the river, rippling and gleaming far beneath us. We reached Shad Pond, or Nolisumack, an expansion of the river. Hodge, the assistant State Geologist, who passed thro' this on the 25th of June, 1837, says : "We pushed our boat through an acre or more of buck-beans which had taken root at the bottom and bloomed above the surface in the greatest profusion and beauty." We took here a poor and leaky batteau, and began to pole up the Millinocket two miles to the Elder Fowler's, in order to avoid the Grand Falls of the Penobscot, intending to exchange our batteau there for a better. The Millinocket is a small, shallow, and sandy stream, full of what t took to be lamprey-eels' or suckers' nests, . lined with musquash cabins, but free from rapids, excepting at its outlet from the lake. Old Fowler's, on the Millinocket, six miles from McCauslin's, and 24 from the Point, is the last house. Gibson's, on the Sowadnehunk, is the only clearing above; but that had proved a failure, and was long since deserted. Fowler is the oldest inhabitant of these woods. He formerly lived a few miles from here, on the South side of the West Branch, where he built his house sixteen years ago, the first house built above the Five islands. Here our new batteau was to be carried over the first portage of two miles, round the Grand Falls of the Penobscot, on a horse-sled made of saplings, to jump the numerous rocks in theway. This portage probably followed the trail of an ancient Indi- an carry round these falls. By two o'clock we, who had walked on be- fore, reached the river above the falls, not far from the outlet of Quak- ish Lake, and waited for the batteau to come up. .... We were soon in the smooth water of the Quakish Lake, and took our turns at rowing and paddling across it. It is a small, irregular, but handsome lake, shut in on all sides by the forest, and showing no traces of man, but some low boom in a distant cove, reserved for spring use. The spruce and cedar on its shores, hung with gray lichens, looked at a distance like the ghosts of trees. Ducks were sailing here and there on its surface, and a solitary loon, like a mere hving wave, — a vital spot on the lake's surface, — laughed and frolicked, and showed its straight leg, for oiu amusement. Joe Merry Mountain appeared in the northwest, as if it were looking down on this lake especially; and we had our first but partial view of Ktaadn, its summit veiled in clouds, hke a dark isthmus in that quarter, connecting the heavens with the earth. After two miles of smooth rowing across this lake, we found our- selves in the river again, which was a continuous rapid for one mile to the dam, requiring all the strength and skill of our boatman to pole it up. . . . This camp, exactly 29 miles from Mattawamkeag Point, by the way we had come, and about 100 from Bangor by the river, was the last hu- man habitation of any kind in this direction. Beyond, there was no trail ; and the river and lakes, by batteaux and canoes, were considered the only practicable route. We" were about 30 miles by the river from the summit of Ktaadn, which was in sight, though not more than 20, perhaps, in a straight line. •It bemg about the full of the moon, and a warm and pleasant even- ing, we decided to row five miles by moonlight to the head of the North Twin Lake, lest the wind should rise on the morrow. After oue mile of river, or what the boatmen call "thoroughfare," — for the river becomes at length only the connecting link between the lakes, — and some slight rapid which had been mostly made smooth water by the dam, we en- tered the North Twin Lake just after sundown, and steered across for the river "thoroughfare," four miles distant. This is a noble sheet of water, where one may get the impression which a new country and a "lake of the woods" are fitted to create. .... We could distinguish the outlet to the South Twin, which is said to be the larger, where the shore was misty and blue, and it was worth the while to look thus through a narrow opening aci'oss the entire ex- panse of a concealed lake to its own yet more dim and distant shore. The shores rose gently to ranges of low hills covered with forests; and 28 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. though, in fact, the most valuable white-pine timber, even about this lake, had been culled out, this would never have been suspected by the voyager. The impression which, indeed, with the fact was, as if we were upon a high table-land between the States and Canada, the nor- thern side of which is drained by the St. John and Chaudiere, the southern by the Penobscot and Kennebec. There was no bold, moun- tainous shore, as we might have expected, but only isolated hills and mountains rising here and there from the plateau. The country is an archipelago of lakes, — the lake country of New England. The levels vary but a few feet, and the boatmen, by short portages, or by none at all, pass easily from one to another. They say that at very high water the Penobscot and the Kennebec flow into each other, or, at any rate, that you may he with your face in one and your toes in the other. Even the Penobscot and St. John have been connected by a canal, so that the lumber of the AUeguash, instead of going down the St. John, comes down the Penobscot; and the Indian's tradition that the Penobscot once ran both ways for his convenience, is, in one sense, partially real- ized to-day. AUDUBON. In August, 1831, the yet more celebrated naturalist, John James Audubon, made a journey overland through Eastern Maine, with his wife and two sons, to inquire as to the birds of the wilderness. We are able, from his narrative, to determine pretty nearly how much of his journey lay in Penobscot county, and copy thaj portion of the diary from his Life, edited by his widow and published in 1873. The party was now on its return from New Brunswick: Hiring a cart, two horses, and a driver, we proceeded in the direction of Bangor. Houlton is a neat village, consisting of some fifty houses. The fort is well- situated, and commands a fine view of Mars' Hill, which is about 13 miles distant. A custom-house has been erected here, the place being on the boundary line of the United States and the British provinces. The road which was cnt by the soldiers of this garrison, from Bangor to Houlton, through the forests, is at this moment a fine turnpike of great breadth, almost straight in its whole length, and per- haps the best now in the Uuion. It was incomplete, however, for some miles, so that our travelling over that portion was slow and disagree- able. The rain, which fell in torrents, reduced the newly raised earth to a complete bed of mud; and at one time our horses became so com- pletely mired that, had we not been extricated by two oxen, we must have spent the night near the spot. Jogging along at a very slow pace, we were overtaken by a gay wagoner, who had excellent horses, two of which a little "siller" induced him to join to ours, and we were taken to a tavern at the "cross-roads," where we spent the night in comfort. While supper was preparing, I made inquiry respecting birds, quad- rupeds, and fishes, and was pleased to hear that all of these animals abounded in the neighborhood. Deer, bear, trouts, and grouse, were quite plentiful, as was the great gray owl. When we resumed our journey next morning Nature displayed all her loveliness, and autumn with her mellow tints, her glowing fruits, and her rich fields of corn, smiled in placid beauty. Many of the fields had not yet been reaped'; the fruits of the forests and orchards hung clustering around us- and as we came in view of the Penobscot river, our hearts thrilled with jay. Its broad, transparent waters here spread out their unrufHed sur- face, there danced along the rapids, while canoes filled with Indians swiftly glided in every direction, raising before them the timorous waterfowl that had already flocked in from the north mountains, which you well know are indispensable in a beautiful landscape, reared their majestic crests in the distance. The Canada jay leaped gayly from branch to twig; the king-fisher, as if vexed at being suddenly surprised, rattled loudly as it swiftly flew off ; and the fish-hawk and eagle spread theu- broad wings over the waters. AU around was beautiful, and we gazed on the scene with delight as, seated on a verdant bank, we re- freshed our frames from our replenished stores. A few rare birds were procured here, and, the rest of the road being level and firm, we trotted on at a good pace for several hours, the Pe- nobscot keeping company with us. Now we came to a deep creek, of which the bridge was undergoing repairs, and the people saw our vehicle approach with much surprise. They, however, assisted us with pleasure, by placing a few logs across, along which our horses, one after the other, were carefully led, and the cart afterwards carried. These good fellows were so averse to our recompensing them for their labor that, after some altercation, we were obliged absolutely to force what we deemed a suitable reward upon them. Next day we continued our journey along the Penobscot, the coun- try changing its aspect at every mile ; and when we first discovered Oldtown, that village of saw-mills looked like an island covered with manufactories. The people are noted for their industry and persever- ance; any one possessing a mill, and attending to his saws and the floating of the timber into his dams, is sure to obtain a competency in a few years. Speculations in land covered with pine, lying to the north of this place, are carried on to a great extent; and to discover a good tract of such ground many a miller of Oldtown undertakes long journeys. Reader, with your leave, I will here introduce one of them. Good luck brought us into acquaintance with Mr. Gillies, whom we happened to meet in the course of our travels, as he was returning from an exploring tour. About the first of August he formed a party of sixteen persons, each carrying a knapsack and an axe. Their provis- ions consisted of 250 lbs. of pilot bread, 150 lbs. of salted pork, 4 lbs. of tea, two large loaves of sugar, and some salt. They embarked in light canoes, 12 miles north of Bangor, and followed the Penobscot as far as Wassataquoik river, a branch leading to the northwest, until they reached the Seboois Lakes, the principal of which lie in a line, with short portages between them. Still proceeding northwest, they navigated these lakes, and then tufning west carried their canoes to the great lake, thence north, then along a small stream to the upper "Umsaskis Pond," when they reached the AUeguash river, which leads into the St. John's, in about latitude 47° 3'. Many portions of that country had not been visited before, even by the Indians, who assured Mr. GiUies of this fact. They continued their travels down the St. Johns to the Grand Falls, where they met with a portage of halt a mile, and, having reached Meduxmekeag creek, a Uttle above Wood- stock, the party walked to Houlton, having travelled 1,200 miles, and described almost an oval over the country by the time they returned to Oldtown on the Penobscot. While anxiously looking for "lumber lands," they ascended the emi- nences around, then climbed the tallest trees, and, by means of a great telescope, inspected the pine-woods in the distance. And, such excel- lent judges are these persons of the value of the timber which they thus observe, when it is situated at a convenient distance from water, that they never afterwards forgot the diiferent spots at all worthy of their attention. They had observed only a few birds and quadrupeds, the latter principally porcupines. The borders of the lakes and rivers afforded them fruits of various sorts and abundance of cranberries, while the uplands yield plenty of wild white onions and a species of black plum. Some of the party continued their journey in canoes down the St. John's, ascended Eel river and the lake of the same name to Matta- wamkeag river, due southwest of the St. John's, and, after a few por- tages, fell into the Penobscot. I had made arrangements to accom- pany Mr. GiUies on a journey of this kind, when I judged it would be more interesting, as weU as useful to me, to visit the distant country of Labrador. The road which we followed from Oldtown to Bangor was literally covered with Penobscot Indians returning from market. On reaching the latter beautiful town, we found very comfortable lodgings in an ex- cellent hotel, and next day proceeded by the mail to Boston. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 29 CHAPTER II. THE PENOBSCOT INDIANS. The Eastern Tribes— The Race-stock— The Abenakis— The Etche- mins — The Tarratines — Early History of the Tarratines — Wars and Incidents — More of the Wars — The Three-years' War — An Interest- ing Narrative — Gyles's Captivity Among the Penobscots— A Modern Affair — The Tarrafine Chiefs : The Bashaba — Later Tarratine Chiefs and Governors — Orono — ^John Atteon — The Penobscot "in Politics" — The Indian Lands and Treaties — The Indian Trust Fund — The Old Indian Villages — The Indian Census — The Penobscot Reserva- tfon — The Community of Sisters of Mercy. THE EASTERN TRIBES. The Indians of Maine have received comparatively little attention from the writers upon the aborigines, whose regards have been principally given to the red men of the Middle States, the South, and the Far West. Gookin, in his enumeration of the New England tribes, does not mention the Eastern Indians at all, but speaks only of five " nations," the Pequots, the Narragansetts, the Pawkunawkutts, the Massachusetts, and the Paw- tuckets, the last-named of whom "had under them sev- eral smaller sagamores, as the Pentacooks, the Agawams, the Naumkeeks, Piscataways, Accomentas, and others." It may be that the uncommonly peaceful and friendly disposition of the savages upon the Maine, making them less the subjects of history than their brethren of Massa- chusetts and New York, has contributed to keep them in the background of the aboriginal picture. Neverthe- less their ethnological place, their numbers and charac- teristics, and the wars in which they finally engaged, possess sufificient interest to demand place in this work. THE RACE-STOCK. In the great divisions of the North American tribes, the Eastern Indians belonged to the Algonquins. The Lenni-Lenape— or "original people,"as their name implies — more commonly known as the Delawares, early ex- tended their hunting-grounds along the Susquehanna, the Potomac, Delaware, and Hudson. When an exodus was made by a portion of this great tribe across the Hud- son, it took from them the name Mahicannituck ; and this, shortened and corrupted in the English mouth, was transferred to them as the Mahicans or Mohicans, and in New England the Mohegans. Here they scattered themselves, as they increased, over all the present States east of the Hudson, and in time became divided into several leading tribes, with many subdivisions or tribal bands. Their affinity with the Indians further to the southward is conclusively proved by the resemblance of language. So long ago as when Charlevoix wrote, this fact was observed. After mentioning the wide dissem- ination of the Algonquin speech (over a circuit of one thousand two hundred leagues), he says: "It is pretended that the natives of New England spoke dialects of the same language." This is confirmed by the statement of Heckewelder, a later and better authority upon Indian topics. He afifirms that when the Europeans came, the Mohegans held the entire Atlantic coast, from Roanoke to the northernmost parts of Nova Scotia, and that their language and the tongue of the Algonquins were but but dialects of the same original speech. La Hontan, a writer of the time of Charlevoix, making his remarks more specific to the Indians of Eastern Maine, says that the dialect of the Etchemins differed but little from that spoken by the Algonquins. The friendship between the Algonquins, so called, and the Eastern Indians, was so warm and cordial as to imply at least the tradition of relationship. Champlain makes record of a great feast prepared by the former in 1603, to which the "Moun- taineers" and the Etchemins were invited. Charlevoix also says in effect that many of the Algonquins joined their brethren of Maine, when the latter were induced by the French to emigrate to St. Francois and Becan- cour, in Canada. Dr. Dwight says in his Travels: The Indians of Penobscot, as I have been since informed by the Hon. Timothy Edwards, were proved to be Mohekaneews by the following incident : Several men of this tribe, during the Revolutionary war, came to Boston to solicit of the Government a stipend, which had been formerly granted to the tribe by the Legislature of Massachusetts Bay. The business was referred by the council of safety to Mr. Edwards, then a member of their body, as being versed in the affairs and ac- quainted with the character of Indians. Mr. Edwards employed Hen- drick Awpaumut, a Stockbridge Indian accidentally in Boston at that time, to confer with the petitioners and learn the nature of their expecta- tions. Hendriclc found himself able to converse with them, so far as to understand their wishes satisfactorily ; and observed to Mr. Edwards that their language was radically Mohekaneew, and differed only as a dialect. This fact I have from Mr. Edwards. I have mentioned it here, because the contrary seems to have been universally adopted. It may be added here that the plural form of the word Muhhekaneew, according to Dr. Edwards, is Muhheka- neok, whence Mohican and Mohegan. Besides the generic application of the term, it is also a specific name for a tribe that dwelt in the present Windham county, Connecticut, and thence north to the State line. It was a powerful organization, putting in the field three thou- sand warriors, and having at one time the celebrated Uncas for chief. THE ABENAKIS. A general name has been given by many writers — the older, as well as later — to all the Indians east of the Piscataqua, to the country of the Mickmacks, in Nova Scotia. They were called the Wapanchkie (men of the east), or Wabenakies (east-land men), which became in the French Abenaques, and in the English more com- monly Abenakis or Abnakis. McKenney & Hall's great History of the Indian Tribes of North America says that the New England Tribes were formerly known by their red brethren west of the Hudson under the generic ap- pellation of Wabenauki, or Men of the East. Their languages were branches of the Algonquin stock, cog- nate dialects, bearing a distinct resemblance one to the other. All these tribes had undoubtedly a common In- dian origin, and it is equally certain that their separation into distinct communities occurred no very long time before they were visited by the English voyagers and colonists. Hutchinson, in his History of Massachusetts, gives Abenaques and Tarrantines as equivalent terms; in which he is certainly mistaken. The Abenakis are un- doubtedly closely allied in blood to the Tarratines, or Penobscot Indians; but are well known to have been a separate tribe, with a separate habitat. The statement of Charlevoix is in the later statement as well — that the "Abenaques Uve in a country from Pentagoet [Pen- 3° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. obscot] to New England." They inhabited the vast forests that covered the tract west of the Penobscot, even into New Hampshire, and north to Canada, in some part of which the reminant of them now dwell. They were a numerous people, until at least the period of the first Indian war, and were mainly in four tribes — the Sokokis or Sockhigones, the Indians of the Saco; the Anasagunticooks, or Abenakis of the Androsscoggin and the west of the Sagadahoc; the Canibas or Norridge- wocks of the Kennebec— "great numbers of them," says Hubbard, "when the river was first discovered;" and the Wawenocks, between the St. George and Sagadahoc waters. To these many writers now add the Tarratines or Penobscots, the immediate subjects of the Bashaba, or chief sagamore. The permanent villages of the Abena- kis were five in number — two in Canada, and one each on the Saco, the Androscoggin, and the Kennebec. The French missionaries described these centres of population as enclosed with strong, high palisades, surrounding clus- ters of wigwams built of bark supported by bent poles. The natives' dress was "ornamented with a great variety of rings, necklaces, bracelets, belts, etc., made out of shells and stones, worked with great skill. They praacticed also agriculture. Their fields of skamgnar [corn] were very luxuriant. As soon as the snows had disappeared, they prepared the land with great care, and at the com- mencement of June they planted the corn, by making holes with fingers or with a stick, and, having dropped eight or nine grains of corn, they covered them with earth. "Their harvest was at the end of August." Their chief characteristics were bravery, preserverance and te- nacity of purpose, amiability and sociability, indisposed to war, but suspicious, and uncompromising in their hostility and pursuit of the war-path when once aroused, fidelity to their engagements, and hospitality. "Their attachment to their family, " says an historian of the East- ern Indians, " was such as we do not read of in other tribes of the Algic people." The French missionaries, traders, and military commanders had great influence over these Indians, and did much to provoke savage aggressions upon the English settlement. They showed, says Bryant & Gay's Popular History of the United States, "the tact and adaptibility which distinguish that nation." This History says further : The French studied in every way to appropriate the habits of the In- dians, to hunt, travel, eat, sleep and dress in the native fashion. They were apt learners of the different dialects; the lists of words and the dictionaries compiled by their missionaries can be relied upon. And these devoted men drew savage admiration by their constancy, calm- ness in peril, assiduous efforts to teach and civilize, and their skill in healing, as well as by the impressive solemnity of those novel services of religion, with cross, cup, bell and candle , under the groined arches of the primitive cathedral. But the English possessed over the French one manifest advantage, and that has since been styled " manifest des- tiny," for the current of history undermines and carries away the adroitest policies of the nicest arts of accommodation." THE ETCHEMINS. This has been taken as a general name for the tribes that dwell along the banks and about the headwaters of the Penobscot and St. John's rivers, thence eastwardly, according to Hermon Moll's old map of the English Empire in America, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and . southwardly to the Bay of Fundy. The order of the king of France to D'Aulnay, in 1638, to confine his ju- risdiction to the coast of the Etchemins seems, however, to imply that the extent of it was included between the St. John's and the Bay of Fundy. But it is certain that it comprised the Penobscot region. Indeed, Charlevoix would make this their chief district, as it may have been. He says: "The Abenaques, or Canabas, have for their nearest neighbors the Etchemins, or Marechites, about Pentagoet and its environs; and more at the east are the Mickmacks, or Souriquois, the proper inhabitants of Acadia." His name Marechites, as a title for the whole nation, is considerably used by other writers. The name Etchemin is still preserved in a river, and also a town of Canada. Mr. Williamson adds some interesting facts concerning this people: Among the Etechemins, marriages are negotiated by the fathers, and solemnized, in modern times, by a Catholic priest. Captain Francis says: "If an Indian is charmed with a squaw, he tells his parents and they talk with hers; and, if all are pleased, he sends her a string of wampum, perhaps i,ooo beads, and presents her with a wedding suit. All meet at the wigwam of her parents; the young couple sit together till married; they and the guests then feast and dance all that night and the next; and then the married pair retire." Early wedlock is encour- aged; and a couple in a fit of matrimonial union will, for the purpose of finding a priest, traverse the woods to Canada. In later times poly- gamy jf not known among them, and divorces, which are never very frequent, are by mutual consent. Captain Francis says, before white people came here, sometimes " Indians have four wives. " A sanup [husband] has unlimited control over his wife, having been known to take her life' with impunity. A case of this kind occurred in 1785, when one in a paroxysm of rage slew his squaw and hid her body under the ice of the Penobscot, without being, according to report, so much as questioned for his conduct. The religious notions of the natives are rude and full of superstition. They believe in a Great Spirit, whom the Abenaques called Tanto or Tantum, and the Etechemins, Sazoos; also in the immortality of the soul and in a paradise far in the west, where he dwells, and where all good men go when they die. To the wicked they suppose he will say, when they knock at the heavenly gates, "Go wander in endless misery; you never shall live here." For plenty, victory, or any other great good, they celebrated feasts with songs and dances to his praise. They had strong faith in an evil spirit, whose Satanic Majesty they called Mojahondo, supposing he possessed the attributes in general re- vealed of that being in the Scriptures. They believed also in tutelar spirits, or good angels, whom they denominated Mannitou, and they entertained great veneration for their Powows. These, uniting in one person the two offices of priest and physician, were supposed to possess almost miraculous powers. Their dead were generally buried in a sitting posture. In Pittston, upon the Kennebeck, are two old burying grounds, where skeletons are found in a posture half erect, the head bending over the feet. Relics of human bodies have been discovered in a tumulus near Ossipee pond, which were originally buried with the face downward. In these two places, and in others upon the Kenduskeag and elsewhere, there have been discovered instruments, paints, and ornaments interred— the requisites to help the departed spirits to the "country of souls." The modern manner of burial is borrowed from the Catholics. The corpse, enclosed in a rough coffin, is followed by an irregular procession to the burying-ground; and when interred, a little wooden crucifix is placed at the head of the grave, which is sprinkled with consecrated water and perfumed with flowers or herbs. If a Tarratine dies abroad, he must, if possible, be borne to Oldtown and buried in the common grave- yard. The female lamentations for the dead are great, and sometimes ex- cessive. The death of a young child, swept away from the arms of its mother, as the two lay sleeping in a summer s day between high and low water mark upon the Penobscot beach, affords a striking instance of savage grief. She burst into loud and excessive lamentations, and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 31 mingled her cries with inarticulate jabber, an hour scarcely closing this scene of shrieking and tears The three Etechemin tribes have, severally and immemorially, se- lected their sagamores and sachems, or subordinate officers, in form of a general election.* But the candidate, when chosen, is not inducted into his office without the presence and assistance of a delegation from each of the other tribes. This was the case when Francis Joseph Neptune, at Passamaquoddy, and John Aitteon, at Penobscot, were made chiefs of their respective tribes; and the most intelligent credible Indians agree in saying that such is the practice among the Marechites, and has always been the usage among all three of the tribes. THE TARRATINES. The Etchemins, according to the historian WilHamson, were in three tribes — the Marechites proper, or Armon- chiquois, the Indians of the St. John's; the Openango, or Quoddy Indians, of the Passamaquoddy, and the Tarratines, or aborigines of the Penobscot, with whom we have mainly to deal. Mr. Parkman, however, and with him, probably, all the later writers, assign these Indians to the Abenaki confederation or stock. There can be no doubt as to the habitat of the Tar- ratines. All the older, as well as later, writers are one in the view that they dwelt upon the Penobscot river and bay, and the present remnant of Penobscot Indians are undoubtedly descended lineally from the Tarratines. They also claimed dominion over the tracts adjacent to the river, from its sources to the sea. Captain Smith, in his narrative, relates that the Penobscot mountains, or Camden hills, formed a natural fortress, separating the Tarratines from their neighbors, the other Abenaki tribes. The two peoples long lived in amity, although the former cherished an hereditary enmity to the Abergin- eans, or Northern Indians, especially in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which led finally, in 161 5-1 6, to the terrible war between the Tarratines and the rest of the Abenakis, in which the latter was almost extermina- ted, and the Bashaba was slain. Mr. Williamson says of the Tarratines: They were a numerous, powerful, and warlike people, more hardy and brave than their western enemies, whom they often plundered and killed, and, according to Hubbard and Price, kept the Sycamores between the Piscataqua and the Mystic in perpetual fear. After the conquests and glory achieved in their battles with the Bashaba and his allies, they were not, like their enemies, wasted by disease and famine. They retained their valor, animated by success and strengthened by an early use and supply of firearms, with which they were furnished by the French. + Less disturbed than the western tribes in the enjoyment of their possessions, and also more discreet, tliey were always reluctant to plunge into hostilities against the English. The Tarratines ever manifested the greatest satisfaction in their intercourse with the French. No fortifications upon the peninsula of Major-biguyduce, or buildings in the vicinity, excited either fear or jealousy in them; for no rising plantations of the French threatened them with a loss of their lands or privileges. A barter of their furs for guns, ammunition, and trinkets, was managed with a freedom and adroitness which won and secured their attachment. Indeed, no for- eigners could vie with Frenchmen, for their religious creeds and rites, to which the natives were superstitiously devoted, their companionable manners and volatile turn, all made the bonds strong and lasting. . ". The Tarratines have probably at different periods shifted the situa- tion of their principal village; at the irtouth of the Kenduskeag they had a common resting-place, when the white people first settled in the vicinity — a place to which they were, from habit, strongly attached. Here the mouldering relics of human bodies, also flint spears, stone * Mr. Williamson's foot-note : "They are in modern times called governor, lieutenant-governor, and captains, names borrowed from the English. tWilliamson's foot-note: The Tarratines, -for instance, cut out a shallop from Dorchester, with five men in it, whom they killed. implements of labor, and Indian paint dust have been accidentally dis- interred, after a burial for an unknown period of time. The Tarratines were neutrals in the war of the Revolution. In return Massachusetts protected them and prohibited all trespasses upon their lands, six miles in width on each side of the Penobscot, from the head of the tide upwards. She has since, at different times, made large purchases of their lands, and they are left [1832] the owners of only four townships, a few acres on the east side of the Penobscot, opposite to the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and the islands between Oldtown and Passadumkeag, 28 in number, containing 2,670 acres. About 40 acres, in 1820, were under cultivation, and the Indians that season raised 410 bushels of corn and 50 bushels of beans, besides potatoes. Accounts of the former seat of these Indians, three miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, and of their later residence at Oldtown, will appear further along in this chapter. The following useful description of the Penobscot In- dians, as found by the French upon their advent in this region, is from the Novus Arbis of John De Laet, pub- lished in 1633. It will be observed that De Laet, who doubtless refers to Penobscot bay, is sadly astray in his definition of distance from the Kennebec, which is nearer fourteen than four leagues : Four leagues north from Kennebec, following the direction of the coast, there is a bay containing in its bosom a large number of islands, and near its entrance one of them is called by the French navigators the island of Bacchus, from the great abundance of vines found grow- ing there. The barbarians that inhabit here, are in some respects un- like the other aborigines of New France, differing somewhat from them both in language and manners. They shave their heads from the forehead to the crown , but suffer their hair to grow on the back side, confining it in knots, interweaving feathers of various plumage. They paint their faces red or black, are well formed, and arm them- selves with spears, clubs, bows and arrows, which, for want of iron they point with the tail of a crustaceous creature called signoc. They cultivate the soil in a different manner from the savages that live east of them, planting maize and beans together, so that the stalks of the former answer the purpose of poles for the vines to run upon. They plant in May and harvest in September. Walnut trees grow here, but inferior ones. Vines are abundant, and it is said by the French that the grapes gathered in July make good wine. The natives also raise pumpkins and tobacco. They have permanent places of abode; their cabins are covered with oak bark, and are defended by palisadoes. According to Judge Godfrey's essay on the Baron de St. Castine, the Tarratines were a clan of the great Aben- aki community, receiving the name from the English colonists; perhaps in honor of a brave Huron chief, called Taratouan, upon whom the Jesuit missionaries had relied for protection. The Rev. Father Vetromile, however, in his excellent paper on the Abenakis, in the sixth volume of the Maine Historical Collections, pre- sumes the designation to have been derived from "Ati- ronta," another Indian who rendered much service to the pioneers of France in the New World. By some writers, as by Mr. Gallatin, in his work on the Indian tribes, the Tarratines and the Abenakis were substantially identi- fied. Mr. Parkman, in his Jesuits in North America, says: "The Tarratines of New England writers were the Abenakis, or a portion of them." Mr. Palfrey, the historian of New England, quoting the old writer Hutch- inson, considers the Tarratines as Abenakis. The Rev. Father John G. Shea, in his voluminous work on The Catholic Church in the United States, refers to the con- version to that faith of "the powerful tribe of the Aben- akis, or Tarenteens, as the early English settlers called them." Gorges, however, in a passage concerning the 32 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. enemies of the Bashaba, says the savages called the tribe Tarrantines. Mr. Williamson, making a rapid sum- mary of the old authors, says they "agree that the gener- al name of the natives upon the Penobscot was Tarra- tines." Wood, in New England's Prospect, includes some interesting notices of them. He says : The country as it is in relation to tlie Indians, is divided as it were into shires, every severall division being swayde by a severall king, the Indians'to the east and northeast bearing the names of Churchers or Tarrenteenes. . . ■ Take these Indians in their own trimme and naturall disposition, and they be reported to be wise, lofty- spirited, constant in friendship to one another, true in their promises, and more industrious than many other, [and so on, until] some of our English, who to uncloathe them of their beaver coates, clad them with the infection of swearing and drinking, which was never in fashion with them before, it being contrary to their nature to guzzell downe stronge drinke, until our bestial example and dishonest incitation hath brought them to it; and from overflowing cups there hath been a proceeding to revenge, murther, and overflowing of blood. Governor Sullivan, in his History of the District of Maine, furnishes an important contribution to the histo- ry and philosophy of religion, concerning a somewhat controverted point, in the following : The fanciful historians have said much respecting the savage's hope of felicity in fine fields beyond the gates of death, when he should meet his ancestors and be happy in a state of immortality. But from any conversations^ad with the Indians here, or from anything which can be gathered from those who have been most with them, there is no reason to beUeve that the Northern savages ever had ideas of that nature. EARLY HISTORY OF THE TARRATINES. When they first became known to Europeans, the Tar- ratines dwelt on both sides of the Penobscot, and, with their Abenaki brethren, roamed the region westward to the Saco, if not to the Piscataquis. About one-third of the New England Indians (supposed to number fifty thou- sand in all) were on the soil of Maine. They came pres- ently to be distinguished as Maine Indians; the rest were called the New England Indians, some difference of dia- lect further dividing the two. Samoset, the friendly savage who came suddenly upon the Plymouth colony one warm morning in February, 162 1, with the assuring words, in their own tongue, "welcome, Englishmen," is believed to have been a Tarratine, from the island of Monhegan. He was certainly a Maine Indian, and a chief. The Tar- ratines became first known in our historical literature, however, as a tribe at war with the Wawenocks, their next neighbors on the west, whom they practically exter- minated. In 1 63 1 an expedition of one hundred of them took the war-path against the Massachusetts In- dians, who were so afraid of the Eastern savages that they declared they never camped or slept twice together in the same place. In 1669 the dreaded Mohawks — who had doubtless waged frequent war with them through the ages, their parties coming down the Penobscot from the great Canadian woods and waters — completely overcame the Tarratines, plundered, burnt, and devastated their villages. To this day the Penobscots detest and burn with indignation at the very name of Mohawk. The tribe was not exterminated, however, nor carried into captivity by their conquerors. They remained upon and near the Penobscot in sufificient force to form an im- portant element in the history of early colonization in the Northeast. The Tarratine and Passamaquoddy In- dians were among the earliest converts made by the. Roman Catholic missionaries east of the Mississippi. Before the advent of the Jesuits, says an old writer, "they dyed patiently, both men and women, not knowing of a hell to scare them nor a conscience to terrifie them." They were at first very friendly to the whites, except as they manifested natural indignation at the outrages perpe- trated upon them by Weymouth and other explorers. The Rev. Mr. Hubbard's Narrative of the Indian Wars in New England, written in 1775, says: Ever since the first settling of any English plantation in those parts about Kennebeck , for the space of about 50 years, the Indians always carried it fair, and held good correspondence with the English, until the news came of Phillip's rebellion and rising against the inhabitants of Plimouth colony in the end of June, 1675, after which time it was apprehended by such as had the examination of the Indians about Ken- nebeck that there was a general surmise amongst them that they would be required to assist the said Philip, although they would not own that they were at all engaged in the quarrel. When the war with the French ended, in 1699, the Maine Indians, with those of New Hampshire, made a treaty with the English colonies, their sachems ac- knowledging for them allegiance to the English crown. WARS AND INCIDENTS. There was no doubt an honest intention, especially at first, on the part of many of the whites in New England, to deal justly with {he Indians, and avoid occasions of war with them. The charter of Massachusetts enjoined upon the colonists that they should endeavor to win the natives to the knowledge and obedience of the only true God and Saviour, and of the Christian faith, "by force of moral example and religious efforts and instruc- tion." Laws were passed that strong liquors, and even cider and beer, were not to be sold to them. Orders were given that any trading-house among the Indians, erected without the license of the General Court, should be destroyed. If the corn-fields and crops of the na- tives were injured by the cattle of the settlers, even by reason of poor fencing, the town to which the owner of the cattle belonged was to be compelled to make good the loss, unless the authorities collected the amount of damage from the owner. The Government undertook the charge of all trade with the Indians in furs, peltry, boats, or other water-craft, and commissioners were ap- pointed by the authorities to determine all matters of controversy among them, even those which a single officer might decide in a case arising between English- men. On the other hand, the sale of fire-arms to the savages was strictly forbidden by royal proclamation as early as 1622. They were, however, abundantly sup- plied by the French, who allied the red man the more strongly to them by the liberal sale or gift of guns and gunpowder. Friendly relations did not long subsist between the whites and the Indians. Notwithstanding official and legal guards, outrages were occasionally perpetrated by the former upon the latter, even at the outset of their intercourse, when a judicious policy, to say nothing of justice, would have dictated a different course. Five of the Indians of the Penobscot, for example, one of them HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 33 a sagamore, were seized and carried away by the ex- plorer Weymouth in 1605, and long kept in captivity. The Indians soon began reprisals, and resistance to the encroachments of the colonists. One Master Patterson, of the Sagadahoc colony, the earliest upon the soil of Maine, was killed by the Tarratines, almost at once up- on his settlement. This is but one of the many exam- ples that might be adduced. In the summer of 1631 or 1632, the Tarratines pre- pared for an attack upon Agawam (Ipswich), where the sagamores, having treacherously massacred a number of Tarratine families, were believed to be sheltering them- selves under the wing of the English. Forty canoe- loads of Indians went thither; but their plot was be- trayed to an English youth, who fired an alarm-gun and beat a drum furiously, whereupon they put to sea again without making an attack. The Tarratines, however, afterwards killed some of the Agawam Indians. About one hundred made a midnight attack upon the lodge of a sagamore near that place, and carried off his wife a prisoner to Penobscot. According to tradition, the Tarratines took part in the war between the New England Indians and the fierce Mohawks, which raged for six or seven years ; and, after the decisive battle in i66g, in which the former were de- feated, the Tarratine allies were followed even to the Penobscot by their terrible enemies, who burned their villages, and otherwise did them great harm. Following this came the small-pox and other destructive diseases, which caused the death of many of the Eastern and Canadian Indians, and greatly interrupted the trade in furs. By these successive calamities the Tarratines were reduced to a mere handful. So early as November, 1726, Captain John Gyles, who professed to make an enumeration of the savages in this region, could find but one hundred and thirty, "or there about," of the Pe- nobscot Indians, above the age of sixteen years, and but three hundred and eighty-nine natives of adult age in all Maine. The trustworthiness of his census, however, is very much to be doubted. In 1675, the year of the opening of King PhiUp's war, an attempt was made to involve the Etchemin and Abenaki tribes also, which was happily frustrated. The Canibas Indians had a fort at Teconnet Falls, on the Sagodahoc, to which they had retired with their families, and remained quiet there until after the burning of Scar- borough. The people then became greatly excited against the Indians, both friendly and hostile, and the settlers on Monhegan island went so far as to offer a bounty of five pounds upon every Indian head brought in. The natives at Teconnet were naturally aroused and fearful; and to quiet their fears, as well as to remove the contents of the trading-house. Captain Davis, who was in charge of an establishment some miles distant, near Arrowsick, sent a messenger with a promise that, if the Indians would remove to his settlement, they should have every needed supply at the fairest prices. The messenger proved treacherous, and told them instead that, "if they did not go down and give up their arms, the Englishmen would come and kill them." This fur- ther awakened their fears, and they abandoned the fort, but, instead of going to Davis, they fled to Penobscot and sent a runner to the Eastern tribes with a summons to a council of war at the residence of Castine, who very likely prompted the Indians to this step. Before the council could be brought about, however, Abraham Shute, of Pemaquid, chief magistrate, and a citizen of uncommon sense and usefulness, succeeded in getting a meeting of the alarmed sagamores at that place, where a truce was agreed to, and the Indians promised "to live in peace with the English, and prevent, if possible, the Anasagunticooks from committing any more depreda- tions, either upon the settlers or traders." MORE OF THE WARS. It may be noted here that Iberville, with two ships and two companies of soldiers, made his expedition in 1694, to effect the reduction of Fort William Henry, at Pemaquid. He took on board Villebon with fifty Mickmacks at St. John's, and Castine with two hundred Indians in canoes joined him at Penobscot. They ap- peared before the fort July 14th, and the next day intim- idated the commander of the garrison into a surrender. The fort was then plundered, demolished, and aban- doned. The next month Major Church reappeared in the Pe- nobscot waters, and was informed by his pilot, John York, whom he took on board when abreast of the Ma- thebestuck Hills (Camden Heights), that the Indians had told him of a fort they had built upon a little island at the falls fifty or sixty miles up the stream — supposed to have been the Island Lett, now (probably) Oldtown — and that near by they "planted a great quantity of corn." Church pushed up the river in his boats to "the Bend" (Eddington), and there took to the west shore on foot for two or three miles. He passed several places where the Indians had once dwelt, killed several of the natives, and took another prisoner, who told him that the men of his tribe had gone to Canada. Church then returned, observing on his way more abandoned habitations, with corn-fields and turnip-patches and pumpkins, especially in the Isle of Penobscot, now Orphan Island. Below this he took to his ships agam, and sailed for the Bay of Fundy. October 14, 1698, after the peace of Ryswick had been concluded between England, France, and other nations involved with them in the war, the commission- ers of Massachusetts met six of the eastern saga- mores at Penobscot, with a great body of Indians, and arranged preliminaries of a treaty which was fully con- cluded at Mare Point the following January, ratifying the convention of August 11, 1693, with additional articles. The sagamores of Penobscot were not ex- pressed, but yet were included, in the new pacification. THE three-years' (oR LOVEV^fELL's) WAR. This was the fourth Indian war waged in New Eng- land, and lasted from 1722 to 1725. It takes one of its names from Captain John Lovewell, or Lovell, of Dunstable, Massachusetts, hero of the famous fight near Pegwacket, at the water since called from 34 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. him Lovewell's pond. The inhabitants, white and red, of Maine, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia, were mainly involved in it, the French in Canada not taking part, through fear of breaking the peace then ex- isting between England and France. Their intrigues and secret incitement of the Indians to make war were not wanting, however; and in June, 1722, hostilities be- gan by a war-party of the Canibas and Anasagunticook tribes seizing nine white families settled on Merrymeet- ing bay. We give only such incidents of the war as pertain to Penobscot county. All the Maine tribes were involved in the outbreak; and on the twenty-fifth of July the governor and council solemnly passed a resolution that "the Eastern Indians are traitors and robbers," and de- clared war upon them and their confederates as enemies of the king. The General Court met on the eighth of August, confirmed the declaration of war, and proceeded to make provision for the fight. Among other prep- arations for the fight, "a large scout of three hundred was appointed to destroy the Indians' strongholds and habitations at Penobscot, and a body of four hundred to range perpetually, by land or water, through the - Eastern country, especially upon and between the rivers Kenne- bec and Penobscot." The ferocious and vindictive character of the warfare proposed may be seen from the offer of a bounty of fifteen pounds for every scalp taken from a male Indian of twelve or more years, and eight pounds for every woman or child captured. Early in February, 1723, the Penobscot expedition was set on foot, under Colonel Thomas Westbrook, com- mander of the Eastern forces. On the eleventh he left Kennebec with two hundred and thirty men, in whale- boats and small sailing vessels, and scoured the coast to Mount Desert, proceeding thence up Penobscot bay and river, anchoring, it is thought, in Marsh bay, March 4th. Disembarking his men, they marched five days through the forest, but apparently near the river, when they arrived at the supposed site of the Indian fort they sought, upon one of the several islands opposite them. The Colonel further reports : Being obliged liere to make four canoes to ferry froin island to is- land, I dispatched fifty men upon discovery, who sent me word on the 9th that they had found the fort and waited my arrival. I left a guard of 100 men with the provisions and tents, and proceeded with the rest to join the scouting party. On ferrying over, the Indian fort appeared in full view, yet we could not come to it by reason of a swift river, and because the ice at the head of the islands would not permit the canoes to come around; therefore, we were obliged to make two more, with which we ferried over. We left a guard of 40 men on the west side of the river, to facilitate our return, ond arrived at the fort, by 6 of the clock in the evening. It happened to have been deserted in the autumn preceding, when the enemy carried away every article and thing except a tew papers. The fort was 70 yards in length and 50 in breadth, walled with stockades 14 feet in height, and enclosed 23 " well-finished wig- wams," or, as another calls -them, "houses built regular." On the south side was their chapel, in compass 60 feet by 30, handsomely and well finished, both within and on the outside. A little farther south was the dwelling-house of the priest, which was very commodious. We set fire to them all, and by sunrise next morning they were in ashes. We then returned to our nearest guards, thence to our tents; and on our arrival at our transports, we concluded we must have ascended the river abont 32 miles. We reached the fort at St. George on the 20th, with the loss of only four men, Rev. Benjamin Gibson and three others, whose bodies after our arrival here we interred in usual form. Mr. Williamson inquires, as to the point vs^here Colo- nel Westbrook halted : "Was not this place the lower Stillwater, in Orono, six miles above Kenduskeag?" and, in a subsequent foot-note, discussing the question of the site of this important fortress and village, he says: Some suppose it might have been the ancient Negas, a village on Fort Hill, situate a league above the mouth of Kenduskeag stream; for when could that have been destroyed unless at this time ? Yet Col. Church makes no mention of the latter when he and his troops, in Au- gust, 1696, scoured the river, nor Maj. Livingston, who traveled up the river in November, 1710, on his way to Canada. It must have been built after the latter date, and before or during the present war. It could not have been very ancient, because the plough has turned out, since the American Revolution, many articles of iron, steel, and lead, of modern form and structure; yet, if it were quite modern, there would be some tradition of it. All that we can learn is that it was called by the first settlers in Bangor "the old French and Indian set- tlement" on Fort Hill. This could not be thought 32 miles from the place of WestbroOk's anchorage, short as seamen's miles are over wild lands. Nor are there islands here corresponding with those he men- tions. The alrernative then is, the site must have been Oldtown, or the ancient Lett mentioned by Livingston. That is situated on a beautiful island, and below it are falls and a small island. Lieut. Gov. Dummer (speech. May, 1723) says: "We have demolished the fort and all the buildings at Penobscot. " The village at Fort Hill was proba- bly destroyed by Capt. Heath [in 1725]. In October of this year (1723), the Indians surprised and captured Captain Cogswell and the crew of his ves- sel, as they landed upon the shore of Mount Desert. After this the theatre of war was chiefly upon the St. George's and further to the southwest. In the fall of 1724, Colonel Westbrook led a new regiment of three hundred men upon a scouting expedition from the Ken- nebeck to the Penobscot, which got entangled in the wilderness and had to return with its object but partly accomplished. Captain Heath and his company reached the latter river the same autumn; but effected nothing of account. The next year, however, the scene of action returned to the beautiful valley of the Penobscot. Mr. William- son will tell the principal story of the year: After Colonel Westbrook and his party had destroyed the principal Indian village at Penobscot, between two and three years since, the French and natives had, with a diligence unusual for them, established and built another, three leagues below, on the westerly bank of the same river. It was a pleasant, elevated, and well-chosen site, a few rods from the water, and easily fortified by stockades. It was easier of access from the salt water than the former, and was a league above the mouth of the Kenduskeag stream, which an enemy could ford with convenience only in time of drought. Hearing of this vil- lage, reputed to consist of six or seven cottages which had cellars and chimneys, a chapel, and between forty and fifty wigwams. Captain Joseph Heath, commanding at Fort Richmond, proceeded with his company in May, from Kennebeck across the country to Penobscot fell upon the deserted village of about fifty Indian houses, and com- mitted them to the flames. The Tarratines, who were a wary people, probably had some intimation of the expedition, for the party saw none of the native inhabitants. It was a bold enterprize ; but it be- ing ascertained on their return to the garrison at St. George's river that a conference had been proposed by the Indians, the particulars were never made topics of any considerable remark. The village de- stroyed, situate on Fort Hill, as the English have always called it, is supposed to have been the ancient Negas. It was never repaired, the Indians afterwards returning and reseating themselves at Oldtown. This place, as is generally known, was within the present limits of Bangor township. Mr. Williamson says in a foot note : Being so near the head of the tide and bend of the river, above which is quick water, it was a resting-place and resort of the Indians before the village were built. The appearances of Indian cornfields in HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, 35 the vicinity was apparent, when the place was first settled by some of the oldest present settlers. The sole remaining incident of the war, relating to the Penobscot county or any of its residents, is thus related by the same author : Castine the younger was in a small bark, at anchor near Naskeag Point, (viz., the southeast point of Sedgwick), and had with him on board an Indian boy, perhaps his own son, and an English lad, by the name ol Samuel Trask, belonging to Salem, whom he had redeemed from the Indians. Though he was thoughtless of evil, the moment the crew of an approaching English sloop were near enough, they fired upon him, and obhged him and the boys to quit the bark and flee into the woods for the safety of their lives. The master of the sloop, now- changing his conduct and hoisting a white flag, called unto him loudly to return, offered him a safe conduct in writing, and declared he only desired to have a free trade and intercourse with him. Yet, shortly after he had ventured to go with the lads on board of the sloop, the master first threw him a bag of biscuit, and then took from him the young captive, exclaiming: "Your bark and all it contains are in fact lawful prize, and yourself might be made a prisoner ; so you may now think yourself favored to go without molestation or further loss." This insult, which was duly felt, was presently aggravated by one of the crew, who, after going with them ashore, suddenly seized the Indian boy and held him fast. Castine, perceiving the clinch to be violent and unprovoked, shot the sailor dead, and escaped with the boy into the woods. The conduct of these mariners was a great reproach to them, and in every respect the height of impolicy; for the Indians were now entertaining thoughts of peace, and Castine, who still pos- sessed great influence among them, had more than once attested his magnanimity by instances of friendship and a forbearing spirit towards the English. The following incident succeeding one of the wars is also related by Mr. Williamson : But the most memorable engagement of any hitherto since the war happened. May ist, at the St. George river. It being an inviting morning, April 30th, Captain Josiah Winslow, commander of the fort, selected sixteen of the ablest men belonging to the garrison, and in a couple of staunch whale-boats proceded down the ' river, and thence to the Green Islands in Penobscot bay, which at this season of the year were frequented by the Indians for fowhng. Though Winslow and his companions made no discovery, their movements were watched by the wary enemy; and on their return the next day, as they were as- cending the river, they fell into a fatal ambush of the Indians, cower- ing under each of its banks. They permitted Winslow to pass, and then fired into the other boat, which was commanded by Harvey, a sergeant, and was nearer the shore. Harvey fell. A brisk discharge of musquetry was returned upon the assailants, when Winslow, ob- serving the imminent exposure of his companions, though he was himself out of danger, hastened back to their assistance. In an in- stant he found himself surrounded by thirty canoes and threefold that nuniber of armed savages, who raised a hideous whoop and fell upon the two boat-crews with desperate fury,. The skirmish was severe and bloody; when Winslow and his men, perceiving inevitable death to be the only alternative, resolved to sell their lives at the dearest rate. They made a most determined and gallant defence ; and, after nearly all of them were dead or mortally'wounded, himself having his thigh ■ fractured and being extremely exhausted , his shattered bark was set to the shore. Here being waylaid, he fought a savage hand to hand with the greatest personal courage, beat off the foe, and then, resting on his knee, shot one ere they could dispatch him. Thus fell the in- trepid Winslow and every one of his brave company, except three friendly Indians, who were suffered to escape and communicate particu- lars to the garrison. The Tarratines, who were rather a valiant than a cruel people, composed the Indian party ; and their loss, though never known, is supposed to have doubled ours. In this action, inconsider- able as were the numbers engaged, there was a remarkable display on both sides of boldness and good conduct. The death of Captain Winslow was severely felt and lamented. He was a young oflScer of military talents and great worth, a late graduate of Harvard college, and a descendant of one of the best families in the province. ANOTHER INTERESTING NARRATIVE, somewhat related to the Penobscot country, but dating back more than two hundred years, to the fall of 1676, is also derived from Williamson's History : The story of Thomas Cobbet, one of the captives taken the last au- tumn at Richmond Island, «ho returned home with Captain Moore, is worthy of particular mention. His father was the minister of Ipswich. After being wonnded by a musket-shot, his hands were fast tied, and in the division of the captives it was his most unfortunate lot to be as. signed to an Indian of the worst character. Young Cobbet's first duty was to manage the captured ketch of Fryer, in sailing to Sheepscot, and from that place to paddle a canoe, carrying his master and himself, to Penobscot, and thence to their hunting ground at Mount Desert. He suffered the extremes of cold, fatigue, and famine; and because he could not understand the Indian dialect, the savage often drew his knife upon him, threatening him with instant death. In hunting on a day of severe cold, he fell down in the snow, benumbed, famished, and sense- less. Here he must have perished, had not the more humane hunters conveyed him to a wigwam and restored him. At another time his sav- age master was drunk five successive days, in which he was fearfully raving like a wild beast. To such an alarming degree did he beat and abuse his own squaws, that Cobbet, who knew himself to be much more obnoxious than they to his fury, fled into the woods to save his life; where he made a fire, formed a slender covert, and the squaws fed him. At the end of nine weeks the Indians had a great powwow, and his master sent him to Mons. Castine for ammunition to kill moose and deer. He arrived at a most opportune hour, just before Mugg's de- parture to Teconnet, who readily called him by name. "Ah," said Mugg, " I saw your father when I went to Boston, and I told him his son should return. He must be released according to treaty." "Yes," replied Madockawando , " but the captain must give me the fine coat he has in the vessel; for his father is a great preach-man, or chief speaker, among Englishmen." This request was granted, and young Cobbet saw his demoniac master no more. GYLES'S CAPTIVITY AMONG THE PENOBSCOTS. In the early part of August, 1 689, an attack was made by a war-party from Penobscot upon the fort at Pema- quid, which was captured. Judge Thomas Gyles, chief justice of the district, was seized upon his farm, three miles from Jamestown, and tomahawked, while most of his family were carried off into captivity. One of the sons, taken into the Penobscot country, left a narrative of the massacre and his subsequent adventures, from which Mr. Rufus King Sewall has made an abridgment in his Ancient Dominions of Maine. We extract the following: At Mattawamkeag, up the Penobscot, they encountered a lodge of dancing women. Young Gyles was flung into the midst of the circle. An old squaw led him into the ring, when some seized him by the hair of the head and others by his hands and feet, with great violence and menaces of evil. At this moment his master entered and bought the child off from the horrors of the gauntlet dance, by flinging down a pledge. Gyles, the second year of his captivity, was sent toward the sea, with other natives, to plant com near the fort. On reaching the village of wigwams, he was greeted by three or four Indians, who dragged him to the great wigwam, where, with savage yells and dances, the warriors were leaping about a James Alexander, recently captured at Falmouth. Two families of Sable Indians, whose friends had been lost by the attacks of English fishermen, had reached this point, on a scout westward, to avenge the blood of their slaugh- tered friends. These savages were thirsting for the blood of an Eng- glishman. They rushed upon Gyles and tossed him into the ring. He was then dragged out by the hair of his head, his body bent forward by the same painful process, when he was cruelly beaten over his head and shoulders. Others, putting a tomahawk into his hands, bid him "sing and dance Indian. " The Sable Indians again rushed upon him in great rage, crying, " Shall we who have lost relatives by the English suffer an English voice to be heard among us ?" He was beaten with an axe. No one showed a spark of humanity save a Frenchman, whose cheeks were wet with tears of pity at the sorrows of the captive white man. The trials of this scene lasted a whole day. Another dance was pro- jected. Gyles had been sent out to dress a skin for the manufacture of leather. A friendly Indian sought him at his place of labor, and warned him that his friend Alexander had fallen into the hands of his enemies again, and they were searching for him. His master and mis- tress bade him fly and hide himself till they both should come and call 36 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. him, which they would do when the peril was ended. Gyles retired and sought concealment in the fastnesses of a neighboring swamp, and had scarcely attained his refuge when deafening whoops, mingled with threats and flatteries, told him that the savages were on his track- They sought him till evening, and then called — 'Chon, Chon !' But Chon would not trust them. Thus he escaped till the company had dispersed ; when he went forth from his covert, assured of his safety by the appearance of his master and mistress. Onerous and servile duties were required of captives. One of these_ in the case of Gyles and Alexander, was that of "toting" water from a cool and distant spring to the village lodge. Wearied with toil, in the language of Gyles, "being almost dead, James and I continued to reUeve our toil by frightening the Indians. " At this period the Mohawks were a great source of alarm to the Eastern tribes, the rumor of whose alliance with the English had now generally obtained. The traditions of this race were a commentary of deeds of daring and success, handed down from remote periods in the history of the aborigines of the American coast. The two prisoners adroitly turned this infirmity of their savage masters to good account, on a dark night. Alexander having been sent out for water, set his kettle on the brow of the decUvity, ran back to the lodges and told his master he feared there were Mohawks lurking near the spring below, which, by the way, was environed with stumps. The braves of the tribe, with the master, accompanied the captive Alexander on a reconnoisance. Approaching the brow of the hillside, whereon the kettle sat, James, pointing to the stumps, gave it a kick with his foot, by which his toe sent the iron vessel down the declivity toward the spring; and every turn of the revolving bucket reared a Mohawk on every stump, the clatter of whose arms was the signal of preparation for battle; and he who could run fastest was the best fellow! The result was a regular stampede of 30 or 40 warriors into the interior forests, beyond the reach "of strange Indians." Natural admiration is excited in view of acts of personal courage and physical prowess , and this would seem to be a spontaneous devel- opment of the human mind. At one time Gyles, during his captivity, encountered an ill-natured savage. He had been cutting wood, which was bound up with thongs and borne in bundles to the wigwam. While thus engaged, a stout, ill-natured young fellow pushed him upon the ground backwards, sat upon his breast, pulled out his knife and menaced him with death, saying, "he never had yet killed one of the English." Gyles replied, ' ' he might go to war, and that would be more manly than to kill a poor captive who was doing their drudgery." But the savage began to cut and stab him on the breast, in defiance of all expostulation. Provoked to desperation. Gyles seized the Indian by the hair of his head, and tumbling him off, followed up the movement with his knees and fists, till copper-skin cried "enough." On feeling the smart of his wounds, and seeing the blood which fell from his bosom, " Gyles at him again," bade him get up and not lie there like a dog; reproached him with his barbarities and cowardly cruelties to other poor captives, and put him on his good behavior hereafter, on the peril of a double dose of fist and boot cuffs. Gyles was never after molested, and was commended by the tribe for inflicting the merited chastisement. Metallic vessels for culinary use were not required by the natives among whom Gyles was a captive. A birchen bucket filled with water, heated by the immersion of red-hot stones, would speedily boil the toughest neck-pieces of beef. The necessity of lucifer matches was forestalled by rapidly revolving the sharpened point of an upright piece of wood in the socket or cavity of a horizontal base, till a blaze was kindled. The incantations of the powwow, among the unchristianized natives, prevailed. For the dead great mourning was made. In the shadowy and sombre stillness of evening twilight, a squaw breaks the silence, wandering over the highest cliff-tops near her lodge, crying in mournful and long drawn numbers, — "Oh, hawe-hawe!" But, the season of mourning being ended, the relatives of the dead end their sad memories in a feast, and the bereaved is permitted to marry again. Purchased by a French trader, during the Eastern expe- dition of Colonel Hawthorne, Gyles, after a servitude of nine years, was restored to his home and surviving friends, and for many years served his Government in the capacity of an Indian interpreter and in the army. The elder brother of Gyles, after three years of captivity, attempted to escape and was retaken. On the heights of Castine, overiooking the waters of Penobscot bay, he was tortured by fire at the stake; his nose and ears were cut off and forced into his mouth. which he was compelled to eat; and then he was burnt as a diversion to enliven the scene of a dance. A MODERN AFFAIR. The following incident, of comparatively recent date, is given by Mr. Williamson, in the first volume of his History of Maine: Among the natives the law of retaliation is considered a dictate of nature, always justifiable. The vile, they think, are deterred from the commission of crimes through the perpetual fear of the avenger, if they transgress. An Indian was never known to ask redress through the medium of our laws and courts, for an injury done him by one of his tribe. Nor was there an instance, till quite lately, where a white man ever sued an Indian in a civil action. But prosecutions have fre- quently been instituted at law upon complaints, both of the English- man and the Indian, for crimes committed by either against the other. The trial and story of Peol Susup, so much in point, may be retold. About sunset, June 28, 1816, this Indian's turbulence and noise, in the tavern of William Knight, at Bangor, became intolerable , and the inn-keeper thrust him out of the door, and endeavored to drive him away. The Indian, instantly turning in a great rage, pursued him to the steps with a drawn knife, and gave him a deep wound, just below his shoulder-blade, of which he presently died. On his arrest, Susup frankly said, "I have killed Knight, and I ought to die ; but I was in liquor and he abused me , or I never had done it." After an imprisonment till the June term of the Supreme Judicial Court, at Castine, the subsequent year, he was arraigned on an indict- ment for murder, to which he pleaded "not guilty." A day was con- sumed in the trial, amidst a concourse which crowded the meeting- house , and, according to the position urged by his counsel, the verdict was "manslaughter." The Court then said to him, "Susup, have you anything now to say for yourself ?" — "John Neptune," said he, "will speak for me." That Indian then stepped forward from the midst of his associates, towards the judges, and deliberately addressed them in an impressive speech of several minutes. He spake in broken English, yet every word was dis- tinctly heard and easily understood. His questions were frequent and forcible ; his manner solemn ; and a breathless silence pervaded the whole assembly. He began : "You know your people do my Indians great deal of wrong. They abuse them very much ; yes, they murder them ; then they walk right off— nobody touches them. This makes my heart burn. Well, then, my Indians say, 'we'll go kill your very bad and wicked men.' 'No,' I tell 'em, 'never do that thing ; we are brothers.' Some time ago a very bad man about Boston shot an Indi- an dead. Your people said, 'surely he should die ;' but not so. In the grea;t prison-house he eats and lives to this day ; certain he never dies for killing Indian. My brothers say, 'let that bloody man go free;— Peol Susup too. ' So we wish ; hope fills the hearts of us all. Peace is good. These, my Indians, love it well ; they smile under its shade. The white man and red man must be always friends ; the Great Spirit is our Father; I speak what I feel." Susup was sentenced to another year's imprisonment, and required to find sureries for keeping the peace two years, in the penal sum of five hundred dollars; when John Neptune and Squire Jo Merry Nep- tune, of his own tribe. Captain Solmond, from Passamaquoddy, and Captain Jo Tomer, from the river St. John, became his sureties in the recognizance. THE TARRATINE CHIEFS — THE BASHABA. Some mention of this chief potentate of the Eastern Indians will fitly come in here. He is named very early in the New England literature by Captain John Smith, and it is not unlikely that the name is one of this ro- mancer's pure inventions, as it is strongly reminiscent of "bashaw," a title with which he must have become suf- ficiently familiar during his Turkish experience. The counsellors or wise men of the tribes were the sachems; the chief of these, or the chief magistrate, was the saga- more; and the chief of the sagamores, or ruler over all the tribes, was the Bashaba. "We have no account," says Belknap, author of the History of New Hampshire, "of any other Indian chief HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 37 in these Northern parts whose authority was so extensive." "He is a great governor," said Captain Francis, one of the Tarratine chiefs. "He had under him," wrote Gorges, "many great sagamores, some of whom had a thousand or fifteen hundred bowmen;" and in another place: "He seemed to be of some eminence above the rest in all that part of the continent." Some writers, as Palfrey, affirm difference in rank, be- tween the sachems and the sagamores, saying that the former were superior; others, as Gookin, say the titles were equivalent or correspondent. Dudley, while re- marking their equivalence, says the chiefs of the Northern Indians were, called sagamores; those further south were sachems. The dominion of the Bashaba was altogether in " Ma- voshen," the present Maine. The Saco, says Purchas, in the Pilgrims, "is the westernmost river of the domin- ions of Bashebez;" and again: "To the easternmost of Sagadahock, this is the Bashaba's dominion." Smith rather doubtfully asserts, however, that, though the tribes as far westward as Naumkeag (Salem) had their own sachems, "they hold the Bashaba to be chief, and the greatest among them." Gorges and other New England writers are probably more nearly correct in representing the Massachusetts Indians as aUies rather than subjects of the Bashaba, although sometimes they changed to deadly enemies. Some writers, as Williamson, would restrict his dominion on the eastward to St. George's; but the strong probability, if not reasonable certainty, is that it included the Penobscot country. Indeed, Bryant & Gay, in their Popular History, plainly say that "this great lord of the Penobscot country was called the Bash- aba; but, although a good many names of local saga- mores of distinction are mentioned in the early annals, nobody ever had an interview with the veritable Bashaba. It is probable that the term bashaba merely indicated the sagamore who happened at differ- ent times to enjoy the ascendency among the Penobscot tribes. " The Hon. Judge Godfrey, of Bangor, in a brief essay on "Bashaba and the Tarratines," in the seventh volume of the Maine Historical Collections, expresses the view that Bashaba was not a title, but the individual name of a chief, and supports his theory quite strongly. He identifies "the Bashaba" with "Bessabes," mentioned by Champlain simply as a captain or chief of the savages who had led him to the "rapids of Norumbega," above Bangor, the other chief who met him being "Cabahis." The same dignitary, he thinks, is named in the Jesuit Relation of r6i i as Betsabes, the " Sagamo of Kadesquit" (Bangor)^ and one of the Indian captains, the others be- ing Oguigueou and Asticon. He, says the Relation, when the priests at Mt. Desert "made as though the place did not please us, and that we should go to another part," "himself came for us to allure us by a thousand promises, having heard that we proposed to go there [to Kadesquit] to dwell." According to Lescarbot, Bess- abes or Bashaba was killed by the English, and Asticon became his successor. His capital, or place of residence, is scarcely less in dis- cussion. Gorges says: "His chief abode was not far from Pemaquid." Smith, Purchas, and others, suppose that he lived towards or near the Penobscot Bay; and Williamson, latest of the historians, avers that "his place of immediate residence was probably between that river [the Pemaquid] and Penobscot Bay." Mr. Folsom, in his historical discourse published in the Maine Histor- ical Collections, says: "The place of his residence was probably on the banks of the Penobscot; and, as it was also the seat of his government, the fabulous assertions of a large city in that quarter may have arisen from an exaggerated description of the humble capital of the Ba- shaba's dominions." An old tradition fixed the aborig- inal seat of power in "Norumbega," by which name the Maine country was first known abroad and also early on the old maps, in a town — some say great city — on the east side of the Penobscot river, about opposite the site of Bangor; and the Indians of that region, when first met by the white men, also referred to a site of ancient rule somewhere in the interior. Stachey says in one place: "Early in the morninge the salvadges departed in their canoas for the river of Pemaquid, promising Capt. Gilbert to accompany him in their canoas to the river of Penobscot, where the bassaba dwells." The indications are that the Bashaba's capital, if anything more than an ordinary Indian village, in the course of generations or centuries had removed from the north to the coast about or a little above the mouth of the Penobscot, and thence gradually westward. The Bashaba was not unlike more civilized princes, in that he expected the courtesy of a call from other potentates or from strangers who entered his realm. The Bashaba expected, says Gorges, in his Description of New England, "all strangers to have their address to him, and not he to them." When the colony of Gorges and Popham arrived at Sagadahoc, in 1607, it was cordially received by the natives, and some of the sagamores of- fered to accompany the English to the Bashaba, saying that he was a mighty prince, ruling all the sachems from Penobscot to Piscataqua, and that all visitors to his do- mains were expected to pay him their respects. Popham, President of the Colony Council, accordingly proceeded some leagues along the coast toward Pemaquid, near which the dignitary dwelt; but was driven back by head winds and bad weather. The Bashaba, informed of this, sent his own son to return the intended visit, and open trade with the company in furs and peltry. The utmost courtesy and kindness were shown the strangers, although Weymouth had but a short time before forcibly seized and carried away several natives from the coast. In Sep- tember of the same year several Penobscot chiefs, com- ing in canoes, were entertained by Popham at the Pema- quid fort. They, says the account, "besought Captain Gilbert to accompany them in their canoes to the river of Penobscot, where the Bashaba dwelt." When Weymouth's expedition was on the coast, in 1 60S, one pa-rty of Indians, pointing eastward, endeavored to prompt him to a visit by signifying that "the Bashebe, their king, had plenty of furs and much tobacco;" and again, when Weymouth's pinnace was on its return to the 38 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ship from the journey up the Penobscot, as is supposed, three Indians came in a canoe from the eastern part of the bay, one of whom, says the captain in his journal, "we had before seen, and this coming was very earnestly to importune us to let one of our men go with them to the Bashebe, and then the next morning he could come to our ship with furs and tobacco." Weymouth, how- ever, was naturally suspicious of treachery, as he had seized five of the Maine Indians, and had them at that moment in the hold. He therefore resisted all induce- ments and invitations of the savages to visit their great Mogul. Captain Smith, who tells the same story, with considerable embellishment, in his History of New Eng- land, also says that he was urged by the natives about St. George's to visit and pay his respects to their prince. The one now living (in 1608) must have been the last of the Bashabas. A terrible war broke out about 161 5, between the Tarratines, or Penobscot Indians, and the tribes to the westward, "on account," says Hubbard, "of some treachery committed by the western tributaries of the Bashaba, a great Indian prince, towards the Tarra- tines." The latter began hostilities, it is believed, in the early spring of 1615, and carried the war into the ene- my's country. For two years it raged fiercely, and ended only in the death of the Bashaba, whose sacred person and capital were not exempt from attack, the laying waste of his immediate domains, and the seizure and carrying away of all his women and valuable effects. He had no successor, and the power of the Abenakis was hopelessly broken. Mr. Williamson says of this struggle : This war, not only in its course, but consequences, was, we are told, uncommonly destructive. The vanquished had been called from their hunting grounds, and prevented likewise from planting and fishing; their habitations were destroyed, and famine and distress soon filled the country with misery. Add to these the calamities of a civil war — for the subordinate sachems, having no federal head or superior to control and unite them, after the death of the Bashaba many of the chief men fell into bloody feuds among themselves. To these distresses succeeded a pestilence, which spread far and wide, and was exceedingly fatal. It has been ca:lled the plague. It raged in the years i6i7and 1618, and its wasting effects extended from the borders of the Tarratines, through the whole country, to the Nar- ragansetts. The people died suddenly, and in great numbers, through the whole intermediate coast. It is said some native tribes became extinct, and their bones were seen years afterwards by the English bleaching above ground, at and around the places of their former habi- tations. The specific disease is not certainly known. Some have thought it was probably the small-pox ; others have believed it must have been the yellow fever, from the circumstance that the surviving Indians represented the bodies of the sick and dead to have assumed an appear- ance resembling a yellow-colored garment. LATER TARRATINE CHIEFS. After the Bashaba, whoever or whatever he may have been, we have but few accounts of the chiefs or saga- mores. One of the most famous in Maine at the time of King Philip's war was Madockawando, adopted son of a renowned chief and reputed orator, Assirainasqua, who was in his day sagamore of the Canibas, another of the Abenaki tribes. Madockawando was father-in- law of Baron Castine, if the latter ever really married his daughter, who lived with the Frenchman upon the foot- ing of a wife. He is said to have been a sagacious, seri- ous man who, like Squando, the contemporaneous saga- more of the Sokokies, claimed to have supernatural visions and revelations. His first officer or principal ad- viser was Mugg or Mogg, who is considered by William- son "the most cunning Indian of the age." Mugg derived great advantage during the troubles between the English and the Indians, from his former residence in English families and his acquaintance with the English language and habits. Shortly after the war with King Philip broke out. Captain Fryer, of Portsmouth, was attacked with his crew at Richmond island, where they were loading a vessel with valuable property, to keep it from being plun- dered by the savages. Fryer was wounded, and all were taken prisoners. Mugg, after making an attack upon the garrison at Wells, in which he killed two persons and did considerable mischief, carried Fryer, then dying of his wounds, to Piscataqua, and proposed on behalf of his master to negotiate a peace. Madockawando had orig- inally been opposed to the war, as he was untroubled by the English, and his people were carrying on a profitable trade with the French at Castine's post; it is probable, therefore, that the offer of Mugg, so far, at least, as it represented his superior's views, was sincere. Mugg was sent on to Boston; and there, November 6, 1875, o" be- half of Madockawando and another chief named Che- berrina, he did negotiate a treaty with the Governor and Council, providing, chiefly, that all acts of hostility should cease, that all English captives, vessels, and goods should be restored, and that the Penobscot sachems should take arms against the Anasagunticooks and any other Eastern Indians that should persist in the war. An English officer was sent in a vessel with Mugg to Penobscot, where Madockawando ratified the treaty and delivered up such captives as were at hand. Only part of the whole number, however, were returned; there was bad faith otherwise on the part of the Indians; and hostilities were renewed by the English in February at Mare Point', Pemaquid, Arrowsick, and other places. After an attack upon Wells, the garrison at Black Point was besieged, May 16th, "with an uncommon boldness and pertinaci- ty," says Williamson. A three-days' siege ensued, with very sharp fighting, during which Mugg was killed. Wil- liamson continues: The loss of this leader so damped the courage of his companions that they, in despair of victory, departed. Mogg had alternately brightened and shaded his own character, until the most skilful pencil would find it difficult so draw its just portrait. To the EngUsh this remarkable native was friend or foe, and among his own people coun- sellor, peacemaker, fighter, or emissary, just as self-interest or the par- ticular occasion might dictate. His address was inspiring, and his natural good sense and sagacity partially inclined him to be an advo- cate for peace. The poet Whittier, in his versified legend of Mogg Megone, gives this description of the equipment of the famous lieutenant of Madockawando : Megone hath his knife, and hatchet, and gun, And his gaudy and tasselled blanket on; His knife hath a handle with gold inlaid, And magic words on its polished blade — 'Twas the gift of Castine to Mogg Megone, For a scalp or twain from the Yengees torn ; His gun was the gift of the Tarratine, And Madockawando's wives had strung The brass and the beads which tinkle and shine On the polished breech, and broad, bright line Of beaded wampum around it hung. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 39 Madockawando himself has afterwards more promi- nence in history, but not for some years. In 1689 he led a party of several Indians, with an interpreter, from Penobscot to Boston, to represent to the authorities that Castine was greatly enraged with the EngUsh for plun- dering his farm-house, and that there was reason to appre- hend another terrible war. The sagamore was very kindly received, laded with presents, and sent home in the 'colony sloop, with an apologetic letter to the irate Frenchman. The previous year Madockawando had given his voice at the outset against the outbreak which resulted in King William's war, and agreed to negotiate a treaty, in which it is thought the Eastern tribes would have joined; but all were overruled by the influence of Castine, and the war opened at North Yarmouth the next August. In 1690 he again appears, as joint leader with Castine of a force of natives going from the eastward to reinforce the French and Indians being collected at Casco Bay to attack Falmouth, which resulted in the fall of the place, the capture of Fort Loyal, and the par- tial massacre of the garrison, w^ith many of the women and children. Two years later the third Eastern expedi- tion of Major Benjamin Church brought him into this sagamore's country. He landed a party on the Seven Hundred Acre Island, in Penobscot Bay, and was there informed by some Frenchmen, who were living with their families and Indian wives upon the island, that a great number of the savages were on a neighboring (probably Long) island, and that they hastened away in their canoes as soon as they saw the ships of Church. They could not be pursued past the peninsula without small boats, which Church had not in sufficient number; so he seized five Indians, with a lot of corn and beaver and moose-skins, and set sail for Pemaquid. Madockawando, with other chiefs, had become greatly exasperated by the outrages committed on these expeditions, and in August he visited Count Frontenac at Quebec, presented five English prisoners, for which he received a reward, and made an agreement that Frontenac should send two shipsof-war and two hundred Canadians to Penobscot, while he joined them there with two to three hundred Indians. The united force would then devastate the coast below Penobscot, and destroy the new Fort Wil- liam Henry at Pemaquid. Information of this plan was sent to Boston by Nelson English, Governor of Nova Scotia after its conquest by Phips, but now in captivity at Quebec; and steps were taken to meet it. In the late autumn the F'rench ships and men, under Iberville, arrived at Penobscot and were joined by Villebon and a large force of Indians. All proceeded together to Fort William Henry; but, finding it strongly built and de- fended, and an English vessel at anchor under its guns, the expedition returned without an attack, the savages, it is said, fiercely stamping the ground in their disappoint- ment. The next year, August 11, 1693, after a vigorous campaign by the English under Major Converse, all the Eastern tribes came into the new garrison at Pemaquid by their representatives, and negotiated a treaty. Among the thirteen sagamores signing this convention appear the hieroglyphics of Madockawando and another chief of the Tarratines, called Abenquid. War soon broke out afresh, however, under the instigation of the Jesuit mis- sionaries, inspired by Frontenac; and in July, 1694, Ma- dockawando again comes to the front as one of three subordinate leaders, under the Sieur de Villieu, now resident commander at Penobscot, of a force of two hundred and fifty Indians, which attacked and destroyed Dover, New Hampshire, plundered other settlements farther away, returned to Maine and made a desperate attack upon Kittery, where they killed eight persons, but seem to have retired unsuccessful. With these exploits Madockawando's career as a warrior probably ended. He died soon after, as did "other sachems of the East," ac- cording to Cotton Mather, "victims to the grievous un- known disease, which consumed them [the Indians] wonderfully." At various times during the last century, in signatures to treaties negotiated with the English, we meet with the names of chiefs of the Tarratines — in these instruments always called the Penobscot Indians. Thus, Wenemou- ett appears as the chief sachem of the Penobscots in August, 1726, signing Governor Dummer's treaty at Fal- mouth, with Espegnect as second chief, whose signature also appears under date June 17, 1727. The treaty of October t6, 1749, was signed on behalf of the same tribe by Eger Emmet, Nagamuraba, Nictumbouit, Efvar- agoosaret, and Nemoon. Three years later a single head man or chief, who rejoiced in the English or French title of Colonel Louis, was the negotiator of a treaty as representative of the Penobscots. This Colonel Lewis, on this occasion of meeting the Massachusetts commis- sioners at St. George's, said, among other things : "We have have had great and long experience of Captain Bradley's friend. The lieutenant is a good truck-master. It would do your hearts good to see how kind he is to us, and how justly he treats us." He asked for a shelter by the mill, to provide for drunken Indians' who lay out over night, also for a bridge, and a causeway over Long Meadow, on the road or trail to the mills. Orders were given by the commissioners that the desired house and bridge should be built by Captain Bradley. A black- smith was asked for also, and the attention of the Gov- ernment to the matter was promised. A belt of wam- pum was given to Louis to lodge at Penobscot with a copy of the treaty. We are not aware that anything further is known of these minor heroes of history. Of Joseph Orono, how- ever, one of the later chiefs, much more is known. From a sketch contributed by the historian Williamson to the Massachusetts Historical Collections, many years ago, we extract the following: Joseph Orono, the subject of this sketch, was for a long time the well-known chief of the Tarratine Indians, on the river Penobscot. But, though he was only an Indian sagamore, his name, for the merits of his character, is worthy of remembrance and respect. His ances- try, as well as the exact number of his years, is involved in some doubt. For there are no family names among the natives, by which the lineage of any individual can be traced, as a son inherits no name of his father. There has been a story that he was a native of York, in this State, horn about the year 1688; that his paternal name was Donmel, and that he was one of the captive children taken in the winter of 1692, 40 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. when that place was ravaged by the Indians. But this account is im- probable; as the Northern Indians and those of the Merrimac and Androscoggin made the attack, and soon afterwards sent back to the garrison-houses the elderly women and the children between the ages of three and seven years, in recompense to the English for previously sparing the lives of several Indian females and children at Pejepscot. At that time, moreover, the Donmel family was one of the most dis- tinguished in the province, Samuel being the same year one of the council, and his brother a man of considerable note. So that, if a son of either of them had been taken captive, it is probable he was returned or recovered; or, at least, there would have been some traditional ac- count of his being carried away. But no such report, even in York, has come down to this generation; and Capt. Joseph Munsell, of Ban- gor, now in his 88th year, says the story has no foundation in fact, and has been treated by the intelligent Indians with derision. Another account, equally amusing, and more evident, is that Orono was the descendant of Bason de Castine, a French nobleman who, soon after the treaty of Breda, in 1667, located himself on the penin- sula of the town which now bears his name, and married a daughter of the celebrated Madockawando, a Tarratine chief of the age. It is true that Castine resided many years at that place, and carried on a very lucrative trade with the natives ; that he had three or four Tarratine wives, one being that sagamore's daughter; and that of his several children, one was "Castine the younger," a very worthy man, and another, a very beautiful daughter, who married a Frenchman, and was with her children, in 1704, taken captive. One of these, it has been supposed, was Orono ; yet this rests too much on mere probabil- ity and conjecture to deserve entire belief. But, whatever may have been thfe lineage or extraction of Orono, it is certain he was white in part, a half-breed or more — such being ap- parent in his stature, features, and complexion. He himself told Cap- tain Munsell his father was a Frenchman and his mother was half French and half Indian ; but who they were by name he did not state. Orono had not the copper colored countenance, the sparkling' eyes, the high cheek-bones, tawny features of a pristine native. On the contrary, his eyes were of a bright blue shade, penetrating and full of intelligence and benignity. His hair, when young, was brown, perhaps approach- ing to an auburn cast ; his face was large, broad, and well-formed, of a sickly whiteness, susceptible of ready blushes, and remarkably sedate. In his person he was tall, straight, and perfectly proportioned ; and in his gait there was a gracefulness which of itself evinced his superiority. He did not incline his head forwaid, nor his feet inward, so much as Indians usually do. But what principally gave him distinction was his mind, his manners, and his disposition. For Orono was a man of good sense and great discernment ; — in mood thoughtful, in conversation re- served, in feelmgs benign. Hence he never allowed himself to speak till he had considered what to say, always expressing his thoughts in short sentences, directly to the point. He had not much learning, be- ing only able to read a little and write his name. But he could con- verse freely in three languages— the Indian, French, and English ; per- haps, also, understood some Latin phrases in the Romish litany. To the Catholic religion he was strongly attached, and also to its forms of worship. Hence the Rev. Daniel Little, of Kennebeck, a Protestant missionary to the tribe after the Revolution, unable to shake his faith, asked three times, before he could get an answer from the sedate chief, thus: "In what language do you pray? " With a gravity much more becoming than that of the missionary, he very reverently, raising his eyes a little, leplied, " No matter what,— Great Spirit knows all lan- guages." Oronos manners were both conciliating and commanding, and his habits worthy of all imitation. For he was not only honest, chaste temperate, and industrious ; his word was sacred, and his friendship unchanging. He was remarkable for his forethought and wisdom, for his mild and equal disposition. Though he was not deficient in cour- age or any of the martial virtues, he was so fully aware how much wars had wasted his tribe and' entailed misery on the survivors, as to become, from principle, a uniform and persevering advocate of peace. He knew, and always labored to convince his people, that they flourished best and enjoyed most under its refreshing shade. At the commencement of the French and sixth Indian war, m 1754, Tomasus (or Tamor) was at the head of the tribe, when he, Osson, O- rono, and other chief men, so warmly espoused the policy of perpet- uating peace, as to prevent the commisson of any mischief by their people, till after the Casgill affair and the declaration of war against them by the provincial government. The fact was that Captain James Casgill, of Xewcasde, commissioned to raise a company of volunteers, enlisted and led them on an e.xcursion into the woods towards Owl's Head, in the vicinity of Penobscot Bay. Discovering a party of In- dian hunters, Casgill and his company instantly fired upon them, shot down twelve on the spot, and took their scalps , the rest fleeing fof their lives to the tribe, carried to it the tidings of the bloody and wicked transaction. Casgill was generally and highly censured by the white people, it being believed he must have known the unhappy hun- ters belonged to the tribe of the friendly Tarratines. Never were the feelings of the tribe put to severer trial. For the provincial governor, perplexed at the nefarious affair, sent a message to the sagamores, stating that it was impossible to distinguish between their Indians and others, and that they must, within eight days, accord- ing to the last treaty, send twenty men to join in the war against the common enemy, or their tribe would be treated as belligerent foes. "What! take arms in aid of men who had themselves broken the treaty, — base men, whose hands are reeking with the blood of unoffend- ing Indians? Aunt-ah, aunt-ah [no ! no!]," cried the chief speaker in a council met on the occasion. "Send the war-whoop ! Strike through the false-hearted white men! Burn to ashes their wives,— their wig- wams, too ! Take blood for blood ! The spirits of our murdered broth- ers call to us for revenge. The winds howl to us fiom the wilderness. Sister widows cry, — orphans too. Do not Indians feel? Cut their veins ; do they not bleed ? The moose bellows over wasted blood. The bear licks the bleeding wounds of its cub. O Metunk-senah ! Metunk- senah! [Our Father, our Heavenly Father], pity our mourners. Avenge ill-treated Indians. Our fathers told us. Englishmen came here, a great many, many moons ago. They had no lands, no wig- wams, — nothing. Then our good fathers say, "come, hunt in our woods; come, fish in our rivers; come, warm by our fires. " So they catch very great many salmon, — other fishes too. They stay among us always. They call Indians good brothers. They smile in our faces. They make wick-hegin [writings], to live here with us , —all one, the same people. They signed them, as they call it, — our fathers, too. Then Englishmen call the lands their own. Our fathers meant no such thing. Certain, they never leave their children to starve. Eng- lishman always smiles when he gets advantage. Then he loves us all greatly. When he wants nothing of Indians, he don't love 'era so much. Frenchmen never get away our lands. They sell us gun.s,— powder too, — and great many things. They give us down weight, full measure. They open our eyes to religion. They speak to us, in dark days, good words of advice. Englishmen rob us. They kill our brothers, when their_ hearts were warm with friendship, — when sweet peace was melting on their Ups. We give them homes. They put the flaming cup to our mouths. They shed our blood. Did ever English- men come to Indian's wigwam faint, and go away hungry ? Never. Where shall Indians go? Here we were born. Here our fathers died. Here their bodies rest. Here, too, we live. Arise. Join Frenchmen. Fight Englishmen. They shall die. They shall give place to Indi- ans. This land, this river, is ours. Hunt Englishmen all off the ground. Then shall Indians be free; then the ghosts of our fathers bless their sons. " The voice of Orono, himself then more than sixty years of age, was still for peace. "To kill the living will not bring the dead to Hfe. The crimes of few never sprinkle blood on all. Strike the murderers. Lei the rest be quiet. Peace is a voice of the Great Spirit. Every one is blessed under its wings. Everything withers in war. Indians are killed. Squaws starve. Nothing is gained , not plunder, not glory. Englishmen are now too many. Let the hatchet lay buried. Smoke the calumet once more. Strive for peace. Exact a recompense by treaty for wrongs done us. None ! ay, then fight 'em." But the young Indians panted for war, revenge and glory; and as the Government soon proclaimed that hostilities actually existed against the Tarratines, all hopes of any immediate pacification were dissipated. At first the Indians made some violent attacks, killed several people and burned a few houses. But they were neglected by the French; time, war, and disease, they found, had greatly thinned their ranks; in the course of three years they became discouraged,— such a period being always long enough to satisfy Indian warriors; and in 1759 the tribe was literally overawed by the establishment of Fort Pownall, on the westerly banks of Penobscot Bay. Therefore, in April of the next year, they entered into a treaty with the provincial govern- ment, and made war upon the colonists no more. He, Osson, died about the beginning of the American Revolution. ' During the preceding interval of peace, Orono, next to Osson in pol- itical power, had, by his ability arid prudence, acquired the confidence of his people so entirely that they united and, made him chief soon after the other's death. Orono was a high liberty man , and from the first a thoroughgoing Whig. He could not imagine how the mother HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 41 ountry could possibly wish to enslave or plunder the colonies, which were, as he thought, her distant children. Such were his views of riches, religions, sovereignty, and even glory, that he could not see how all of them combined could be any motive to so unnatural a warfare. Liberty, next to peace, was the sweetest sound that could salute Or- ono's ear. It was, to his experience, the gift and feeling of nature. In conference with his people, he declared it to be an inborn disposition of the heart and natural habit of life to strive against force and control, as against death. He felt it. He knew it. The wild creatures that rove through the woods he had seen happy, though hungry, because they were under no ties that bound them. The brave little beaver fights a duel with a hunter-boy for the chance of escape. What being does not sigh and sicken in confinement? Does not even the spring- bird then forget its song, — the ermine its sports? All nature flourishes when free. The Great Spirit gives us freely all things. Our white brothers tell us they came to Indian's country to enjoy liberty and life. Their great Sagamore is coming to bind them in chains, to kill them. We must fight him. We will stand on the same ground with them. For should he bind them in bonds, next he will treat us as bears. In- dians' liberties and lands his proud spirit will tear away from them. Help his ill-treated sons; they will return good for good, and the law of love runs through the hearts of their children and ours when we are dead. Look down the stream of time. Look up to the Great Spirit. Be kind, be valiant, be ftee: — then are Indians the sons of glory. Aroused and captivated by Orono's sentiments, his people generally became decided Whigs. He had also great influence with the sachem at Passamaquoddy, and even at the river St. John, though in each of the tribes there were Indian Tories, and party spirit ran high; human nature, whether cultivated or wild, exhibiting the same traits of char- acter. At length Orono and three of his colleagues started to go and tender their friendship and services to the government of Massachusetts, attended by Andrew Gilman, who could speak their language as well as his own. On their arrival at Portsmouth, money was liberally con- tributed to bear their expenses , and a carriage procured to help them on their journey. They met the Provincial Congress at Watertown, June 21, 1775, and entered into a treaty of arriity with that body and of engagements to afford assistance, afterwards proving themselves to be among the most faithful allies of the American people. In return for their pledges of good faith and immediate aid, Massachusetts for- bade, under severe penalties, all trespasses on their lands, six miles in width on each side of the Penobscot river from the head of the tide up- wards. On the nineteenth of July, 1776, the three tribes mentioned all acknowledged the independence of the United States, and engaged to withhold all succor from the British enemy. In fact, there were sta- tioned near the head of the tide, on the Penobscot, a company of thirty (twenty white men and ten Indians), under the command of Andrew Gilman, a lieutenant, and Joseph Munsell, an orderly sergeant, both previously mentioned ; and at Machias, where Munsell was afterwards himself a lieutenant, there was a large company of one hundred In- dians or more, commanded by Captain John Preble, all of whom had rations, and most of them were under pay. No man was more faithful to his engagements than Orono. From 1779, when the British took possession of the peninsula Biguyduce (now Castine), and exercised an arbitrary command over all the settle- ments on each side of the river, that active, vigilant chief communicated with great dispatch to our officers and Government important and re- peated intelligence, for which he once, if not more, received a tribute of special thanks, and also a pecuniary reward. He was wise in coun- sel, and his zeal to the last was inspiring to his tribe. Orono was holden in equally high estimation after the war; and in 1785 and 1796 he entered into favorable treaties with Massachusetts, by which he and his tribe, for valuable considerations, assigned to hei large tracts of lanil, and also agreed with her upon the limits and ex- tent of the territory retained. This celebrated chief, after a very long life of usefulness and destruction, died at Oldtown, February 5, 1802, reputed to have been one hundred and thirteen years old. But Captain Munsell, who conversed with him in his last sickness, and asked him his age, thinks, according to his best recollection, Orono told him he was about one hundred and ten years of age at that time. He was ex- ceedingly endeared to his tri )e, and highly .respected by all his English acquaintance. To a remarkable degree, he retained his mental faculties ^nd erect attitude till the last years of his life. As he was always abstemious, and as his hair in his last years was of a milky whiteness, he resembled in appearance a cloistered saint. His wife, who was a full-blooded native, died several years after him, at an age supposed to be greater than his own. Of his posterity it is only known that he had two children, one a son, who was accidentally shot, about 1774, in a hunting party, aged probably twenty-five; the other a daughter, who married old Captain Nicholar. So desirous were his English friends and neighbors to perpetuate his name and character that, when the territory in the immediate vicinity of Oldtown was incorporated into a town, March 12, 1806, it was called "Orono," in compliment to the worthy chief. His wife, commonly called "Madame Orono," died at the very advanced age of one hundred and fifteen years, in 1809. At the centennial celebration in Orono, March 3, 1874, the following poem on "The Old Chiefs," bringing "the blue-eyed" prominently into notice, was sung by the as- sembled company. It is from the pen of Rev. Henry C. Leonard, long pastor of the Universalist church in the village: We sing the chiefs of auld lang syne : Madockawando grave — The Tarratine in Philip's time; Megone, the friend and knave; Wenamuet with kingly face; — All braves who bent the bow In autumn's hunt or winter's chase; But most, great Orono. Madockawando's royal hand. In nature's temple green. His squaw-child gave in marriage bond To lone and proud Castine. But from the mountains to the sea. Where gleams Penobscot's flow, . Best praised the white-born chief shall be. The blue-eyed Orono. In modern days of Atteon, Or Neptune's later reign. No tales are told of brave deeds done Or sung in noble strain. Our thoughts are turned to other days. The days of strife and woe. Relieved by calm, pacific ways Of pale-faced Orono. We sing the chief, the grand old chief. The chief of auld lang syne. Whose years of rule on mem'ry's leaf Are years of bloodless line. We sing the chief, the grand old chief. The chief of long ago, — The corn still sound in memory's sheaf, — The high-browed Orono. Nearly a century and a half from the disappearance of Madockawando from history, we come to the chieftain- ship of John Atteon over the Penobscot Indians. He was reported to be a descendant of the Baron de Cas- tine and an Indian mother, but could not speak English with facility, while Francis, one of the' captains inducted into office at the same time, and also supposed to be of French blood in part, was a good English speaker, intel- ligent and communicative. The sagamore or governor had been chosen by general election of the tribe. Mr. Williamson, the historian, was an eye-witness of the ceremonies of induction or inauguration, and thus describes them: The parties in the Tarratine tribe were so sanguine and violent after they lost their chief, that they could not for many months agree upon a successor. Perplexed with the long controversy and deeply concerned in effecting a union, the Catholic priest interposed his influence; when they were induced to leave the rival candidates and select John Aitteon a reputed descendant of Baron de Castine, by an Indian wife. On the 19th of September, 1816, at Oldtown village. Sagamore Ait- teon, John Neptune, next in grade and command, and two captains 42 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. were inducted into office, with the customary ceremonies. To assist in these, the chiefs and 15 or 20 other principal men from each of the tribes at St. John's river and at Passamaquoddy had previously arrived, appearing in neat and becoming dresses, all in the Indian fashion. Early in the forenoon, the men of the Tarratine tribe, convening in the great wigwam, called the camp, seated on the side platform accord- ing to seniority, Aitteon, Neptune, and the select captains at the head, next the door; the former two being clad in coats of scarlet broad- cloth and decorated with silver brooches, collars, armclasps, jewels, and other ornaments. Upon a spread before them, of blue cloth, an ell square, were exhibited four silver medals, three of which were circu- lar and twice the size of a dollar; the other was larger, in the form o^ a crescent. All these were emblematically inscribed with curious de. vices, and suspended by parti-colored ribbons, a yard in length with ends tied. Aware of gentlemen's wishes to be spectators of the cere- monials, they directed the Indian acting the part of marshal to invite them into the camp. The admission of the female visitants was also requested; but he replied, as directed by the chiefs, "Never our squaws, nor yours, sit with us in council." The spectators being seated below the tribe, upon the platform or benches, covered with blankets, the Marechite delegation, preceded by their chief, entered the camp in true Indian file and sat down, ac- cording to individual rank, directly before the Tarratines. These now uncovered their heads and laid aside their hats and caps till the cere- monies were closed. Four belts of wampum, brought into the camp by a stately Mare- chite, were unfolded and placed in the area upon a piece of broadcloth which enclosed them; when his Sagamore, presently rising, took and held one of them in his hands, and addressed Aitteon from five to ten minutes in a courtly speech of pure vernacular, laying the belt at his feet. Three others in rotation, and next in rank, of the same tribe, addiessed, in a similar manner, the Tarratine candidates of compara- tive grade; — all which were tokens of unchanging friendship and sane" tions of perpetual union. The Sagamore then, taking the meda nearest Aitteon, addressed him and his tribe in another speech of the same length as the former, in the course of which he came three o four times to momentary pauses, when the Tarratines, collectively, ut_ tered deep guttural sounds like " aye. " These were evident expres- sions of their assent to have Aitteon, Neptune, Francis, and the other their first and second Sagamores, and two senior captains. The speaker, closing his remarks, advanced and placed the suspended medal, as the badge of investiture, about Aitteon 's neck, the act by which he was formally inducted into office and constituted Sagamore for life. Neptune and the two captains, in their turns, after being shortly addressed by the other Marechite actors, were invested by them with the ensigns of office in the same way. During these ceremonies, the 'Quoddy Indians without stood around a standard twenty feet ia height, to and from the top of which they alternately hoisted and lowered a flag, as each Tarratine was inducted into office, at the same time and afterwards firing salutes from a well- loaded swivel, near the same place. Mr. Romaigne, the Catholic priest, attired in a white robe and long scarf, having seated himself among the Tarratines before the ceremonies were commenced, now, rising, read appropriate passages from the Scriptures in Latin, and expounded them in the Indian dialect; and next a psalm, which he and the Marechites chanted with considerable harmony. In the midst of the sacred song, the whole of them moved slowly out of the camp, preceded by the priest, leaving the Tarratines seated, and, forming a circle in union with the 'Quoddy Indians, stood and sang devoutly several minutes, and closed with a "Te Deum." The priest then departed to his house, and the Indians, entering the camp, took their seats—the 'Quoddy Indians in a lower place, abreast the sitting spectators, when they commenced their tangible salutations. In this form of civility, each of the two delegations, rising in turn, Uter- ally embraced, cheek and lip, the four new-made officers, and shook heartily by Jhe hand all the others of the tribe. The gentlemen, at the marshal's request, now withdrew, to be spec- tators only about the doors and apertures; when the Tarratine females, clad in their best dresses and fancifully ornamented, joined for the first time the Indian assemblage, and the whole formed an elliptical circle for dances. In close Indian file they moved forward in successive order, with a kind of double shuffle, to their former places, animated by the music of a light beat upon a drum, in the midst of the circus, with the accompaniment of a vocal tune. (Formerly their chief instru- ments were rattles, made of small gourds and pumpkin shells.) The female dancers then retired; the Indians took their seats; and the spec- tators were re-admitted. To close the ceremonies, four chief men of the Marechites severally ■ rose in succession and sang short songs, somewhat entertaining, which were duly responded by others from the new-made officers; throughout which the whole assemblage uttered, at almost every breath, a low- toned, emphatic guttural sound, not unUke a hiccough, — the singular way by which they expressed their plaudits and pleasures. More than three hours were consumed in these ceremonies, which were succeeded by a feast already preparing. Two fat oxen, slaugh- tered and severed into pieces, were roasting; rice, beans, and garden ■ vegetables were boiling; and bread-loaves and crackers were abundant. If the cooking, neatness, and order were unworthy of modern imita- tion, the defects were counterbalanced by the hearty invitations and 'welcomes with which all the visitants, equally with the natives, were urged to become partakers, both of the repast and of the festive scenes. The regularities of the day relaxed to rude dances and wild sports in the evening, which were by no means free from extravagance and excess. In 1838 Atteon and Neptune were deposed by the tribe, and the resultant troubles were such that the legis- lature of the State intervened, and passed an act that an election should be held by the tribe every two years. This law has been modified since, as will be seen here- after. This Atteon died in May, 1858, having had real or nominal jurisdiction over the tribe from 1816 to that time — forty-two years. The later chiefs or "governors" were Tomer Socklexis, John Neptune, father of the Lieutenant-Governor of the same naiTie; Joseph Lolon, father of the well-known Captain Francis; John Atteon, grandson of the former Sagamore John; and Joseph Atteon, son of the last John. Some others have suc- ceeded him for longer or shorter terms. THE PENOBSCOT " IN POLITICS." The Penobscots at Oldtown, having lost their sa- chem, undertook the election of another in 1816. It was usual to elect promptly a near relative of the deceased Sagamore; but in this case a delay of several months occurred before a successor could be agreed upon; and at length the factional spirit becoming unreasonably high and intemperate their priest, a Roman Catholic, interposed his authority, and virtually compelled them to abandon the previous candidates and elect John Atteon, who was reputed, as we have noticed, to be a descendant of the Baron de St. Castine. The new chief was inducted into office September 19, 18 16, when John Neptune was chosen his lieutenant, and two chief captains were con- firmed, one of whom was Captain Francis. This is the same Captain Francis, "a man of good understading," who gave the historian Williamson the information before cited concerning the relationship of all the Indian tribes of Maine. A brief but interesting sketch of the "political his- tory" of the tribe, such as it is, is- thus given by Agent Dillingham, in his report for 1875 : Prior to 1835, or thereabouts, as 1 am informed, no elections of dele- gate to the Legislature were held in the tribe. The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor had been chosen for life, and such delegates re- ceived their appointment from the Governor of the tribe. John Attian and John Neptune were holding the respective offices of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor at that time, when, either by resignation, impeachment, or from some cause, those offices were declared vacanir and a meeting for a new election called; at which time Tomer Socli- lexis and Attian Orson were chosen to fill the vacancies. The result was not acquiesced in by a part of the tribe, who claimed thai those offices could not be vacated during the life of the occupants, and still considered Attian and Neptune their legally constituted officers. An- other portion of the tribe held that the election was valid and refused HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 43 longer to recognize Attian and Neptune as officers. Since that time the portion claiming Attian as Governor has been called the "Old Party," and that portion claiming Socklexis as Governor, the "New Party." This state of affairs continued tmtil 1850, when an agreement was entered into and signed by the officers and piincipal members of the two parties, providing "that as John Attian and John Neptune were chosen according to the ancient usages of the tribe into their respec- tive offices for life, that they should remain in said offices during the remainder of their lives, and on the decrease ot one or both, the vacancy should be filled by majority vote of the male members of the tribe of twenty-one years of age and upwards, in meeting duly called by the. Agent. Said officers to continue for two years, and that an election should be held every year to choose one member of the tribe to repre- sent the tribe before the Legislature and the Governor and Council. " This agreement was not, as I learn, very sacredly kept, or even much regarded by either party, but each continued to claim and recognize the same officers as before. On the deceased of Governor John Attian, the old party immediately declared his son, Joseph Attian, his successor, and he was duly inaugu- rated by them, according to ancient custom, for life. Elections were held annually for choice of delegate. Party spirit ran high, and there existed much ill-feeling, which manifested itself in individual quarfels during the year, and usually at elections terminated in a general fight. The question of term of office of Governor and Lieutenant Governor continued an unsettled issue; discussions and quarrels interfered seri- ously with their general avocations; for several weeks prior to the an- nual election they would congregate at Oldtown from various distant localities, consuming much time and money in addition to ordinary travelling expenses. .Finally the Legislature, evidently considering it for the best interest of the tribe, enacted a law in 1866, which provided "that the Penob- scot Tribe of Indians be allowed hereafter to elect by ballot their Governor, Lieutenant-Governor and Representative to the Legislature, on the second Tuesday of Sepfember, annually, {changed in 1873 to first Wednesday in November), and that the old and new party, so called, shall be allowed to select from their respective parties, candi- dates for said offices, alternately, commencing with the old party for the year 1867; and the new party shall have no voice in the selection of candidates for said offices, and shall not vote in their election in those years when the old party is entitled to them ; and tlie old party shall have no voice in the selection of candidates for said offices, and no vote in their election, in those years when the new party is entitled to them ; and it shall be the duty of the Agent to preside at such elec- tions." Since which time their elections have been held in accordance with that act, without objection being made thereto until lately. Each party has now held five elections of delegate, and at each have also voted for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, abandoning the old idea of Ufe term. Such elections have been perfectly quiet and orderly, and, so far as I have been able to judge, satisfactory to those partici- pating. Within a few years, about fifteen of the dissatisfied members from each of the two before named parties have united, calling themselves "Third Party," or "Outsiders," and have claimed the same rights that have been granted to the old and new parties ; that is, among other privileges, the right to hold elections one-third of the time. At the last election held by the old party (November, 1874), they having failed to agree on the nominations made as usual in caucus, two sets of can- didates were voted for; the defeated portion then joined the "third party" in petitioning the Legislature the following winter for repeal of the law of 1866, and to change the manner of conducting their elec- tions, and to allow the tribe to vote together and the person having the majority of votes to be declared elected, as was their former cus- tom, as they claim. The old party had then held five elections under the law of 1866; the new party had held but four. These two parties then united in presenting a remonstrance against any such proposed change in the law affecring their elections. The petitioners were, after hearing, granted leave to withdraw, without attempting to indicate what may be a peaceful solution of this vexed question. I merely give * the above facts to be taken and used for what they are worth. At the annual election of the tribe, held on. the first Tuesday of October, 1880, Stephen Stanislaus was chosen Governor, Samuel Neptune Lieutenant-Governor, and Joseph Nicolar, Superintendent of Farming, was elected Delegate of the tribe to the State Legislature. THE INDIAN LANDS. The first formal cession of their territory by the Tar- ratine or Penobscot Indians seems to have been effected at a conference and treaty of alliance held at the truck- house near Mt. Hope, a little below the Penjejawock stream, in Kenduskeag, now Bangor, in September, 1775. There were present the chiefs of the Penobscot and St. John's tribes, and on the part of the whites Generals Ben- jamin Lincoln and Rufus Putnam, and Dr. Thomas Rice. A treaty was here made and signed, by which the red men relinquished a iract six miles wide on each side of the river, and retained, as now, the islands in the river above Oldtown, and in addition two islands in the Bay and the lands along the branches on the west side of the Penobscot. This treaty the head-men of the tribe sub- sequently repudiated, and new treaties had to be made. The story is well told by the Hon. Lorenzo Sabine, a res- ident of Bangor in his childhocd, in an elaborate article on the Penobscots, in Volume XII. of the Christian Examiner : At the Revolution, the ungranted lands of Maine held by the British crown, as well as large tracts held by Loyalists, or Tories, became vested in Massachusetts; and at the close of the struggle the attention of gentlemen of that State, and of adventurers elsewhere, was directed to them as a sure means to increase or acquire fortunes. The documents of the time show indeed that, for ten or fifteen years after the peace, the mania for "Eastern lands" was quite as intense as that which pre- vailed within a very recent period. The pine forests and mill-sites of the Penobscots were of great value, and were wanted by the "opera- tors" of the day. Accordingly, in 1784, commissioners were ap- pointed by Massachusetts to negotiate a cession. The result was the purchase, in 1786, for 350 blankets and 200 pounds of powder, and a quantity of shot and flints, of the country on the Penobscot River to the Piscataquis stream on the one bank, and to the Metawamkeag on the other, save the waters between the falls at Oldtown and the mouths of these tributaries. This, as far as we have been able to discover, was the first actual cession, and these paltry presents was the first pre- tended equivalent. But the country below Bangor, on both banks of the river and bay, had passed from their possession. On the westerly side, the grant known in later times as the ' ' Waldo Patent " embraced the whole, while easterly, the colonial government had seized and ap- propriated every acre of the mainland and all the islands, two of con- siderable size only e-xcepted. Thus the Penobscots had lost a large part of their domam before the new masters they had offered to serve set their covetous eyes on the territory above the head of the tide-waters. There remained to the Indians, then, after the bargain in 1786 was con- cluded, two islands near the sea, the islands just mentioned, and the tract above Piscataquis and Metawamkeag, and northerly from them without defined limits; and these were guaranteed in quiet possession, as the chiefs supposed, forever. The words of the treaty are that all the lands on the Penobscot River above the two streams named in the tract, should lie as hunting-grounds for the Indians, and should not be laid out or settled by the State or engrossed by individuals. But the government of Massachusetts understood the matter differently, and difficulties soon arose between the contracting parties, which, increasing until 1796, were adjusted , as then appeared, by a new treaty. In this second convention the Penobscots ceded the mainland on both sides of the river for a distance of thirty miles, commencing at a designated rock in Eddington; but retained the river islands and the territory above the thirty-mile line so drawn, northerly and indefinitely. The consideration for the cession was 400 pounds of shot, too pounds of powder, 100 bushels of corn, 13 bushels of salt, 36 hats, and a barrel of rum, in hand, with an annuity of 300 bushels of corn, 50 pounds of powder, 200 pounds of shot, and 75 yards of blue cloth. This annuity is about equal to $600. This tract was surveyed into nine townships and offered to purchasers in quarter-townships at a price the acre, which, if received, placed in the treasury upwards of $180,000! Such was the dealings of Christians with the helpless Indians in the year 1796. In 1818, owing to various causes, the Penobscots had become poor; and well do we remember their distress and sympathy of itidividuals in 44 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. behalf of their women and children. In the poverty of the tribe, sales of pine timber were made by their chiefs, on the lands which they re- served in the last treaty, much to the displeasure of JVTassachusetts, on the ground that the fee was in the State, and that the mere right to oc- cupy, to fish, and to hunt was all that could be enjoyed by the Indians, unless, indeed, they might embrace an agricultural life, of which there could have been no hope, for then the keenest Anglo-Saxon eye saw nothing in Maine east of the Kennebec but pine-trees and water-power to saw them into marketable shapes. In this position of affairs a commission was created to open a third negotiation. Early in 1819, a convention was ratified by which the Com- monwealth obtained the whole of the remaining country, excepting four townships of mainland, six miles square, and the islands so often men- tioned in the Penobscot River. We have no room to record the various articles which were to be delivered to the chiefs annually as payment for this cession; but we state with pleasure that the quantities of food, cloth, and ammunition were considerably more than in 1796, and that provision was made for the repair of the Indian church and for the em- ployment of a teacher in husbandry, while, beside, the women and maidens were presented with several hundred yards of calico and rib- bon. In fine, there is a spirit of liberality in this treaty which was manifested on no other occasion. ■But yet Massachusetts has little reason to plume herself on her course toward the Penobscots, while they were under her guaidianship. The Indian domain, though worth a million at the periods of cession, and several milhons now, cost her at most less than $35,000, as she herself estimated, when, at the separation, an arrangement was sug- gested by which Maine was to assume the payment of the annuities stipulated in the treaties to which we have referred. Maine, on becom_ ing an independent State, in 1820, assumed the- control of Indian af- fairs within her borders ; and, in 1833, appointed commissioners to dis- pose of the four townships reserved by the Penobscots in the conven- tion of iStg. The purchase-money, amounting to some $55,000, was invested under the direction of the State, a,nd remains entire. The in- terest of this fund is divided annually in equal shares ; and m addition the annuities under the treaties with Massachusetts are continued, arid cannot be withheld, if good faith be observed, while the Penobscots shall exist as a nation. These two sources of income, with the islands, constitute now the only public. or common property of the tribe. The islands, to rely upon our own count in 1852, are twenty-seven or twenty-eight in number. Some are low, small, and of little value ; but others are beautiful in surface and situation, and sufficient in size and in richness of soil for the support of one hundred more families. Some additional details concerning the arrangement of 1795 are thus supplied by Mr. Williamson: A serious controversy had lately arisen between the inhabitants upon the Penobscot and the Tarratine Indians. By the treaty of 1785 the Government supposed the tribe had nothing remaining but the islands in the river; whereas, the chiefs insisted that the territory from the head of the tide, six miles in width, on each side of the river upwards, indefinitely, was theirs; and they determined not to relinquish it with- out being paid a consideration. To settle, therefore , the question of controverted claims, three commissioners, William Shepherd of West- field, Nathan Dane of Beverly, and Daniel Davis of Portland, met the chiefs at Bangor, August i, 1796, and concluded a treaty with them, by which tbe Indians agreed to resign all their rights to lands from Nichols's rock, in Eddington, thirty miles up the river, excepting Oldtown Island, and those in the river above it. For this relinquish- ment, the Government delivered to the tribe 150 yards of blue woolens, — 400 pounds shot, — 100 pounds powder, — 100 bushels of corn, 13 bushels salt, — 36 hats, — and a barrel of rum; and agreed to pay them, so long as they should continue a tribe, a certain stipend every year, at the mouth of the Kenduskeag, consisting of 300 bushels of Indian corn, — 50 pounds of powder, — 200 pounds of shot, — and 75 yards of blue woollen, fit for garments. The ratification of this treaty consisted in its execution by the seals and signatures of the commissioners and seven chiefs, and its acknowledgement before Jonathan Eddy, esq. It was supposed this tribe, once so numerous and powerful, was now reduced to 350 souls. In 1803, the Government appointed an agent to superintend their interests and take care of their lands, The territory relinquished by the treaty was subsequently surveyed into nine townships, and found to contain 189,426 acres. Already there were thirty-two settlers, who" were presently quieted upon their lots; and in 1798 the residue was offered for sale in quarter-townships at a dollar by the acre. Exclusive of this tract so relinquished, is Marsh island of five thousand acres and of an excellent soil, which the Government, in a good mood, confirmed to John Marsh, the first settler, for a small consideration, he exhibiting a pretended purchase from the Indians. THE TRUST FUND, held in the State treasury for the benefit of the Indians consists mainly of fifty thousand dollars paid by the State in 1833, as part of the consideration for the four town- ships of land purchased of the tribe. It was stipulated that this sum should rest forever in the hands of the State, but that a yearly interest thereon should be paid to the Penobscots. Drafts were made on it, however, from time to time, when over-expenditures were incurred by the agents; but the sums taken were afterwards restored from the interest fund. January i, 1864, the fund amounted to fifty-two thousand four hundred and thirty-eight dollars and forty-four cents, and additions were made to it year by year from various sources, but chiefly from rents derived from leases of the shores of islands belonging to the reservation. In 1875 'he trust fund had mounted to seventy-three thousand eight hun- dred and twenty-eight dollars and forty-eight cents, and the. annual revenues from it constituted a very import- ant part of the means for keeping the members of the tribe from want and discontent. For some years after the act of February 11, 1873, the shore rents were not added to the fund, but have been distributed directly to the Indians — a plan which, said Agent Dillingham, in his report of 1875, "has been very satisfactorily received, and has been of very great advantage to the tribe, in relieving their necessities and enabling them to live through these hard times, when all, even the prudent whites, find it so necessary to carefully husband their resources." The amount derived from the Indian trust fund, for each of the two years 1879-80, on interest account, was four thousand four hundred and twenty-nine dollars and seventy cents. The tribe also received an annuity of one thousand four hundred dollars (formerly one thousand eight hundred dollars), seven hundred dollars per an- num for their agriculture, besides four hundred and fifty dollars bounty on crops, and special appropriations for schools and school-houses, repair of chapel, and salaries of agent, superintendent of farming, priest (one hundred dollars per year), governor (fifty dollars), and lieutenant governor (thirty dollars): The total amounts in the two years, respectively, were eight thousand and twenty-four dollars and seventy cents, and eight thousand three hun- dred and ninety-four dollars and seventy cents. The shore rents added four thousand three hundred and sixty-one dollars and twenty-five cents to this in 1879, and two thousand one hundred and fifty-four dol- lars the next year, the decrease being caused by the falling off of the lumber trade, the destruction of import- ant mills, and other reasons. It is thus seen that the tribe, considering its limited numbers, is remarkably well provided for. The sums paid to its members are expended under the direction of the agent, mainly in supporting the very poor and infirm, supplying medicine and medical attendance, paying funeral expenses, and providing for a distribution in the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 45 spring, to all the tribe, of corn, flour, pork, and molasses. Wood is also purchased, as needed by these people. Schools for the Indian children are maintained on Old- town, Mattanawcook, and Olamon islands, the latter two in charge of the school committees of Greenbush and Lincoln, respectively, and the first now taught by the Sisters of Mercy, with great acceptability and success. A new building was put up for this school, at the north end of the village, in the summer of 1880, at a cost of about five hundred dollars. THE INDIAN VILLAGES. It is altogether probable, from the number of arrow- heads, axes, and other Indian antiquities found in places, that the Tarratines had at least temporary camping grounds on all the tributaries of the Penobscot. But three sites in particular furnished them places of rendez- vous — Mattawamkeag, Passadumkeag, and the Falls of the Penobscot. At the latter two points it is believed there were French forts, as well as Indian villages. One of these was destroyed by Colonel Westbrook in 1723, the inhabitants retiring up the river to Mattawamkeag. The other was burned by Captain Heath about two years afterwards. There is at this time no mention of a village at Oldtown, but that undoubtedly became soon after- wards the chief seat of the tribe, and has since retained its pre-eminence. Mr. David Norton, author of Sketches of Oldtown, believes that the present name corresponds to an Indian name meaning the same, and given to the same village — that is, the Indian settlement on the lower part of Oldtown island. Governor Washburne says, in his address at the Orono Ceritepnial: There was also a village on the tongue of land that extends eastward from this hall [the Town Hall in Orono] to the Penobscot river at Ayres' Falls, as they are now termed, bounded on the north by the Stillwater river and on the south by the basin. The Indians called the place Arumsumkungan. For many years after the settlement of the town by the white men, the vestiges of cornfields and of habitations were plain and unmistakable; and until comparatively a recent period, stone weapons and implements of agriculture were occasionally turned up wherever the-plough was driven, some of which I have seen in the possession of the late J ohn Bennoch, jr. , esq. , and Col. Eben Webster, jr. I think it not improbable thaX the point of land at the confluence of the Stillwater and Penobscot rivers, may have been the site of the ancient "Lett" of the Indians. The Governor remarked also the presence of an In. dian village at Nicola's Island, near Passadumkeag, and the probable fact that the fort and village destroyed by Colonel Westbrook in 1723 was on this island. The In- dians there, with some French families, settled, he says, at Fort Hill, near the head of the tide, and built a vil- lage of cottages and wigwams, with a Catholic chapel, which was shortly deserted by its inhabitants, on the ap- proach of Captain Heath with his invading force, who gave the village to the flames. The Penobscots there- after concentrated at Oldtown. THE INDIAN CENSUS. It is supposed that the Tarratines numbered about two thousand four hundred when they first became known to Europeans. They declined rapidly, however, after King William's war. In 1736 the French reckoned two hundred warriors on the Penobscot as available allies to the Government of New France. In 1754 the tribe counted about eight hundred, all told; but the ravages of famine, disease, and other causes of decrease, left them six years afterwards but seventy-three warriors and about four hundred others. In 1764 the governor reported that they could muster sixty fighting men; but his esti- mate is believed too small. Mr. Sabine thinks there were then, probably, seven hundred persons in the tribe, but that at the close of the century there were only half as many, although the tribe had begun to increase some- what, from the encouragement given to early marriages by the Jesuit missionaries. The number of the Penob- scot Indian families in 1811 was but fifty-seven, and of individuals two hundred and forty-one. In 1820, all of them being then clustered at Oldtown, they numbered two hundred and seventy-seven souls, an increase as- cribed by Dr. Jedediah Morse, in his report of 1820, upon Indian affairs, to the Secretary of War, to "an obligation imposed by the chiefs on the young peo- ple to marry early." The St. Johns and Passamaquoddy tribes are mentioned by Dr. Morse in connection with the Penobscots, and he says further: The three tribes above named live in great harmony and friendship with each other. When either tribe elects and installs a chief, the chiefs of the other two tribes are always present to assist in the ceremonies. In religion these tribes are professedly Christians of the Catholic'faith have each a church, with a bell, aud priests to instruct them steadily or occasionally. The priests who minister to the two latter tribes [the Pas- samaquoddies and the Penobscots] receive a stated stipend from the treasury of the State. The State has lately engaged to provide and support a farmer among the Penobscots to instruct them in agriculture. We know not that any of these tribes have ever admitted schools to be established among them. The Penobscots, in government and internal regulations, are inde- pendent. The legislative and executive authorities are vested in the sachems, though the heads of all the families are invited to be present at their public meetings, which are held in their house of worship and conducted with order and decorum. None of these tribes have other than incipient improvements in any- thing which pertains to civilized life. It is not probable, such is the rehgious influence under which they act, combined with their natural attachment to their natire places and to the sepulchers of their fathers, that a proposal to remove and join a large community of Indians, should It be made to them, would be accepted. It is probable they will remove [remain?] in a sort of half-independent, half-civilized, and evangelized state, gradually diminishing, as other tribes, once their pow- erful neighbors, have done before them, till there shall be none re- maining. The census of the tribe, taken usually every year by the superintending school committee of Oldtown, showed a population of four hundred and forty-three in August, T855; of five hundred, in round numbers, in 1865; four hundred and forty-eight in 1876; four hun- dred and forty-five in 1877; four hundred and fifty in January, 1878; four hundred and forty-six in 1879; four hundred and eighteen in 1880; and the same number in 1 88 1. The sum-total is reduced slightly some years by emigration, as well as by death. The annual numbers of births and deaths in the tribe are generally about equal. THE RESERVATION. The islands belonging to the Penobscot reservation number in all, says the agent, one hundred and forty-six, with an aggregate ot four thousand four hundred and 46 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. eighty-two acres, three-quarters of which have an arable soil, among the most fertile and eligible for cultivation in the State. In 1835 the value of the whole was calcula-, ted to be sixty-four thousand two hundred and forty-seven dollars and sixty-four cents, mainly for the timber and firewood growing upon them, which have now disap- peared. The islands have still high value for farming purposes, however, and some for hitching logs along the shores, available in the form of rents, although this form of value is reported as rapidly decreasing. Efforts are being made to induce the Indians to scatter along the islands and improve their fertile soil, instead of concentrating at Oldtown, as has been the tendency of late years. The agent says: "About all those Indi- ans who live on their farms up river are self-reliant, and have comfortable homes." In 1836 a considerable tract on the west side of Orson Island was surveyed and re- served for a public farm, suitable buildings were erected, a foreman was employed, and other preparations made to interest the tribe more thoroughly in the cultivation of lots upon the farm. The arrangement was not very ben- eficial, however, and in 1862 the whole farm was leased, under an act of the legislature, for a trifling sum. More recently, however, some of the Indians have began to cultivate small tracts upon the place. Many of the islands are leased for a small annual ren- tal ; others, principally those lowest down the river, are occupied by the Indians themselves; and one. No. 133, of the group known as Brown Islands, near Winn, is reserved as their summer camping ground, and no trees or wood is allowed to be cut from it. THE PRESENT MISSION. In the summer of 1878, at the instance of Father O'- Brien, then priest to the tribe, and Bishop Healy, of Portland, four members of the community of Sisters of Mercy were sent from the mother-house at Manchester, New Hampshire, and established upon the island. They were at first in a hired house, but in 1880 a neat and commodious convent and dormitory was erected for them near the chapel, at a cost of one thousand two hun- dred dollars, nearly two-thirds of which were contribu- ted by Indians of the tribe. The Sisters are otherwise supported by funds of their church, except that they re- ceive the regular appropriation for schools on the island, in consideration of their services as teachers. Sister M. F. Borgia, of the Community, with one or more of her associates, has had of late sole charge of the school at Oldtown, and they also minister to the wants of the tribe in attendance upon the sick and other personal visita- tions, especially inculcating among the young women principles of morality, industry, and economy, — the need of which, indeed, prompted Father O'Brien, in the first instance, to secure the presence of the sisters here — and instructing them in sewing and other simple and domestic arts, of which they were before almost wholly ignorant. Soon after going to the island, they formed a class of women, both married and single, who engaged in exercises of reading, singing, sewing, and other useful employments. An evening school was also established, with good success, for the young men of the tribe who either could not or would not attend the day schools. Their influence upon the island has been every way good. Agent Bailey, in his report for 1880, says of the Sisters: These refined and accomplished women, having taken up their abode with the tribe on this island, are, with that utter self-abnegation which characterizes the order, assiduously devoting themselves to the moral and intellectual advancement of this remnant of a race which, while living in the midst of our civilization, is not of it. With the evidence of their devotion to the welfare of this people daily accumulating, as would be expected, a great regard is recipro- cally manifested for them, and no prejudice has been able to survive their ministry of love. It may be premature to express any compara- tive view of their labors, yet the opinion is ventured that upon the home life of the tribe their influence will not be the least potent, as they daily go from house to house, instructing the females in domes- ticity, economy in expenditures, refinement of manners, and personal purity. CHAPTER III. THE DISCOVERERS. Thorfinn Karlsefne — Sabastian Cabot — -John Varrazano — His Account of the Maine Country — John Rut — Andre Thevet — First Description of Penobscot Bay and Islands — Sir Humphrey Gilbert — Gosnold — Natives in Foreign Garments, and with a Biscay Shallop — Martin Pring — The Sieur De Monts and Samuel De Champlain — George Weymouth — Was Weymouth in the Penobscot Waters? — Samuel Argall — The Jesuit Fathers — Captain John Smith — New England First upon his Map — Subsequent Voyages. THORFINN KARLSEFNE. To this daring Icelandic voyager may be accorded the honor of conducting the first recorded voyage of civil- ized men along the coast of Maine. Possibly Biarne the first Norse explorer hitherward, m the winter of 990-91, had caught a far glimpse of the bold headlands and deep bays of this rock-bound shore, as he sailed the open sea from Greenland to Cape Cod, and back from Cape Cod to Nova Scotia and home. Leif, son of Erik the Red, in the ship of Biarne nine years later, may also have descried the coast from his lookouts, as he traversed the watery way from his Marhland (Nova Scotia) to his Vinland (probably Rhode Island). The battle of Thor- wald, another son of Erik, in 1004, with the Skraellings (Indians) — the first known conflict of Europeans and aborigines upon the continent — doubtless came much nearer the present confines of Maine, being fought, as Dr. Kohl conjectures, on the shore not far from Boston harbor. Two years later, came the next courageous traversers of the Northern seas, Thorfinn and his com- panions. Thorfinn had married the widow of Thor- stein, a third son of Erik, and also an explorer, and from her learned enough of Vinland to fire his imagina- tion and tempt bim to emulate the deeds of his fellow- countrymen. His wife and others fanned the flame, and in the summer of 1007 he fitted out three ships, man- ning them with one hundred and sixty sailors and in- tending colonists, and also placing on board a variety of live stock, for the colony to-be. The next spring they sailed to Helluland , (Leif 's "stony land," or Newfound- land), thence to Markland, and thence, instead of fol- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 47 lowing their predecessors across the open sea through the breadth of the Gulf of Maine, they coasted a long way to the "southwest, having the land always on their starboard" — that is, the picturesque land of Maine. These happy, heroic eight-score were, then, the first of European stock to look wonder-eyed into the beautiful bays of Passamaquoddy, of Penobscot, and of Casco. They left no record of their shoreward visits, if any they made; but we know that they reached Cape Cod, probably Buzzard's Bay, and also Narragansett Bay, on the shores of which Thorfinn attempted settlement. Here a son was born to him and Gudrida — Snorre, first of European parentage born on the American continent. One of Thorfinn's trusty mates, Thorhall the Hunter, attempted another exploration along the coasts to the northeast, but was caught by strong west winds and driven across the ocean to the green shores of Ireland. Thorfinn himself afterwards sailed to the northward, and came to "the country of the Onefoots," by which name he may have designated the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine, and in which country he saw "endless forests." In the spring of loii, after three years' residence in the south of Vinland, he sailed away to Greenland, whence he never returned. It is not known what became of his colony. SEBASTIAN CABOT. After Thorfinn, many Northmen, it is believed, made trading and exploring voyages to Newfoundland and the coasts of Maine; but very few and meagre notices of them have been preserved, and none which relate strictly to the Maine country. It is quite possible, also, that one or both of the Venetian adventurers, Nicolo and Antonio Zeno, visited the old Icaria, Estotiland, and Drogeo (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Eng- land?) laid down upon their map of 1400; but of this nothing is certainly known. The mists clear away with the advent of Columbus upon the shores of the New World; and from June 24, 1497, when John Cabot touched the coasts of Labrador in latitude 56 or 58, as Humboldt and others affirm, the time, and place of dis- coveries and explorations are rarely doubtful. The next year Sebastian Cabot, second of the three sons of John, sails along the coasts of Labrador and the Newfound- land, and from the latter southerly, keeping the shores as much as possible in view on his right. He was the first Englishman to see the headlands of Maine, and there is abundant reason to believe that he landed at some points on his voyage, which was prosecuted to the neigh- borhood of Cape Hatteras. Says Dr. Kohl: The voyage of this gifted and enterprising youth along the entire coast of the present United States — nay, along the whole extent of that great continent in which now the English race and language prevail and flourish, has always been considered as the true beginning, the founda- tion and corner-stone of all the English claims and possessions in the northern half of America. English flags were the first which were planted along the- shores, and English men were the first of modern Europeans who with their own eyes surveyed the border of that great assemblage of countries in which they were destined to become so prom- inent, and were also the first to put their feet upon it. The history of each one of that chain of States, stretching along the western shores of the Atlantic, begins with Sebastian Cabot and his expedition of 1498. And this is especially true of the State of Maine and the other States of New England, whose remarkable coasts were particularly observed by him and clearly delineated on his chart. It is thought possible that the Portuguese under Cor- tereal, the Bretons and other French fishermen in the early part of the sixteenth century, besides other adven- turers in these northern waters, may have visited points upon the shores of Maine; but if they did so, they have not even left even the tradition of their visits. JOHN VERRAZANO. This voyager, commonly called Verrazaini, was a Flor- entine adventurer, in the service of France. In the spring of 1524, during his celebrated traverse of the At- lantic shores from Cape Fear northward, he sailed, prob- ably, along the entire coast of Maine. His account of this part of the voyage, as translated froin the Italian for Ramusio's narrative in Hakluyt's Voyages, and repub- lished in the first volume of the second series of the Maine Historical Collections, is well worth transcription here, as the first detailed description of this region given by any European traveller. We retain the old English of the translation : Trending afterwards [after leaving Cape Cod] to the north, we found another land high, full of thicke woods, the trees there of firre, cipresse, and such like as are wont to grow m cold countreys. The people dif- fer much from the other, and looke how much the former seemed to be curteous and gentle, so much were these full of rudenesse and ill man- ners, and so barbarous that by no signes that ever we could make, could we have any kind of trafifike with them. They cloth themselves with Beares skinnes and Luzernes and Scales and other beastes skinnes. Their food, as farre as we could perceive, repairing often to their dwell- ings, we supposed to be by hunting and fishing, and of certaine fruits, which are a kind of roots, which the earth yeeldeth of her own accord. They have no graine, neither saw we any kind of signe of tillage, nei- ther is the land, for the barrennesse thereof, apt to beare fruit or seed. If at any time we desired by exchange to have any of their commodi- ties, they used to come to the seashore upon certain craggy rocks, and we standing in our boats, they let down with a rope, crying continually that we should not approach to the land, demanding immediately the exchange, taking nothing but knives, fishhooks, and tooles to cut withall, neither did they make any account of our courtesie. And when we had nothing left to exchange with them, when we departed from them, the people showed all signes of discourtesie and disddine as were possible for any creature to invent. We were in dispight of them two or three leagues within the land, being in number twenty-five armed men of us. And when we went on shore they shot at us with their bowes, making great outcries, and afterwards fled into the woods. We found not in this land anything notable or of importance, saving very great woods and certaine hills ; they may have some mineral mat- ter in them, because we saw many of them have headstones of copper hanging at their eares. We departed from thence, keeping our course northeast along the coast, which we found more pleasant champion [champaign] and without woods, with high mountains within the land. Continuing directly along the coast for the space of fifty leagues, we discovered thirty-two Islands, lying all neere the land, being small and pleasant to the view, high, and having many turnings and windings be- twene them, making many fair harboroughs and chanels as they do in the Gulfe of Venice, in Sclavonia and Dalmatia. We had no knowl- edge or acquaintance with the people : we suppose they are of the same manners oi; nature as the others are. Sayling Northeast for the space of one hundred and fiftie leagues, we discovered the land that in times past was discovered by the Britons, which is in fiftie degrees. JOHN RUT. In 1527 Master John Rut, of the Mary of Guilford, a vessel dispatched by King Henry VIII. of England, visited the coasts of "Arambec" or "Norumbega," as Hakluyt mentions it, often, as the same relator tells, "entering the ports of those regions, landing men, and examining into the condition of the country," and again. 48 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. she "oftentimes put her men on land to search the state of these unknown regions." This is the first authentic report giving clear information of the landing of English- men upon these shores. It is quite probable that Master Rut penetrated and explored the Penobscot, and visited the people thereaway. Many maps of this period set down Penobscot Bay as the great river of Norumbega, and it was undoubtedly then the best-known water of Maine. One writer thinks that Verrazano, who had re- commended this expedition, was with it, and that he perished at the hands of the savages on one of his ex- cursions into the interior. ANDRE THEVET. This extensive traveller, a Frenchman and Franciscan friar, took the coast of Maine in his voyage along the Atlantic shore of both South and North America, in 1554-56. He has left in his Cosmography the first de- tailed description of the Penobscot Bay and natives, which is highly interesting, and deserves quoting in full, as below: Having left La Florida on the left hand, with all its islands, gulfs, and capes, a river presents itself, which is one of the finest rivers in the whole world, which we call Norumbegue, . and the aborigines Agency, and which is marked on some marine charts as the Grand River [mean- ing Penobscot Biy]. Several other beautiful rivets enter into it; and upon its banks the French formerly erected a little fort about ten or twelve leagues from its mouth, which was surrounded by fresh water,, and this place was named the Fort of Norumbegue. Some pilots would make me believe that this country (Norumbegue) is the proper country of Canada. But I told them that this was far from the truth, since this country lies in 43° N., that of Canada in 50 or 52°. Before you enter the s.iid river appears an island [Fox Island] , surrounded by eight very small islets, which are near the country of the green mountains [Camden Hills], and to the cape of the islets. From there you sail all along unto the mouth of the river, which is dan- gerous from the great number of thick and high rocks ; and its entrance is wonderfully large- About three leagues into the river an island pre- sents itself to you that may have four leagues in circumference [Long Island, now Islesboro'], inhabited only by some fishermen and birds of different sorts, which island they called Aiayascou, because it has the form of a man's arm, which they call so. Its greatest length is from north to south. It wonld be very easy to plant on this island, and build a fortress on it to keep in check the whole surrounding country. Hav- ing landed and put our feet on the adjacent country, we perceived a great mass of people coming down upon us from all sides in such num- bers that you might have supposed them to have been a flight of star- lings. Those who marched first were the men, which they call aquehuns. After them came the women, which they call pergruastas; then the adigcstas, being the children, and the last were the girls, called auiiis- gestas. And all this people was clothed in skins of wild animals, which they call rabatatz. Now, considering their aspect and manner of pro- ceeding, we mistrusted them and went on board our vessel. But they, perceiving our fear, lifted their hands into the air, making signs that we should not mistrust them; and for making us still more sure, they sent to our vessel some of their principal men, which brought us pro- visions. In recompense of this, we gave them a few trinkets of a low price, by which they were highly pleased. The next morning I, with some others, was commissioned to meet them, to know whether they would be inclined to assist us with more victuals, of which we were very much in need. But having entered into the house, which they call canoque, of a certain little king of theirs which called himself Per- amich, we saw several killed animals hanging on the be.tms of the said house, which he had prepared (as he assured us) to send to us. This chief gave us a very hearty welcome, and, to show us his affection, he ordered to kindle a fire, which they call azista, on which the meat was to be put and fish to be roasted. Upon this some rogues came in to bring to the king the heads of six men, which they had taken in war and massacred, which terrified us, fearing that they might treat us in the same way. But toward evening we secretly retired to our ship Hithout bidding good-bye to our host. \\ this he was very much irri- tated, and came to us the next morning, accompanied by three of his children, showing a mournful countenance, because he thought that we had been dissatisfied with him ; and he said in his language, ' ' Let us go, let us go on land, my friend and brother; come to drink and eat what we have; we assure you upon oath by Heaven, earth, moon, and stars, that you shall fare not worse than our own persons." Seeing the good affection and will of this old man, some twenty of us went again on land, every one of us with his arms ; and then we went to his lodgings, where we were treated and presented with what he possessed. And meanwhile great numbers of people arrived, caress- ing and offering themselves to give us pleasure, saying that they were our friends. Late in the evening, when we were willing to retire and to take leave of the company with actions of gratitude, they would not give us leave. Men, women, children, all entreated us zealously to stay with them, crying out these words, "My friends, do not start from here ; you shall sleep this night with us." But they could not harangue so well as to persuade us to sleep with them. And so we retired to our vessel; and, having remained in this place five full days, we weighed anchor, parting from them with a marvelous contentment of both sides, and went out to the open sea. GILBERT. In 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert, arriving with his ships at St. Johns, Newfoundland, read his commission from Queen Elizabeth of England, and formally took posses- sion of the place and the region within a radius of two hundred leagues therefrom for the crown. He received a sod and a twig in token of subjection, and set up a pillar bearing a shield of lead, with the English arms engraved upon it. GOSNOLD. Bartholomew Gosnold was the first English navigator who sailed straight from Great Britain for the American shores. This was in 1602. On the 4th of May he sighted land at or about the forty-third degree of north latitude. Mr. Williamson thinks this first land he saw might have been Mount Desert or Agamenticus; but others, not relying upon Gosnold's reckoning, place it further to the southward, in the neighborhood of Cape Ann, if not the cape itself* Wherever it was, his ves- sel was here boarded by a party of Indians, who came in "a shallop of European fabric," such as fishermen use in the Bay of Biscay, carrying sails as well as oars. They had also an iron grapple and a kettle in their little ship. The leader and one or two others were partly dressed in foreign garments, and as the old account in Purchas says, "they spoke divers Christian words, and seemed to un- derstand more than we, for want of language, could comprehend." This incident is highly interesting, as showing that Biscayan fishermen had been driven across the ocean, or that Prenchmen or Spaniards had visited the coast of Maine (or Massachusetts, as the case may be,) before the visit of Gosnold, and had there disap- peared, leaving only these traces of their visit. MARTIN PRING was one of Gosnold's companions. In the spring of the next year he was provided by some merchants of Bristol with two small vessels, with which he made, beyond all doubt, a voyage along the coast of Maine, entering, among other waters, and probably the first- he entered on this shore, the Bay of Penobscot. He found a "high country full of great woods," with which the voyagers were greatly pleased, as also with the fishing and harbor- • See Bryant & Gay'.s Popular History of the United States, vol. i, p. 263. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 49 age; and, finding silver-grey foxes upon an island, they named the whole cluster the Fox Islands, which has been retained, although the corporate name of the prin- cipal ones, since 1789, has been Vinalhaven. Gorges relates that Pring made a perfect discovery of "all these Eastern rivers and harbors, and brought the most exact account of the coast that had ever come to hand." DE MONTS. After the appointment by the French king of Pierre du Guast, the Sieur de Monts, as Lieutenant-General of Acadia, a vast country stretching from the fortieth to the forty-sixth degree of north latitude, he sailed from Havre de Grace in March, 1604; in about two months reached Nova Scotia, and wintered at a fort he built upon an is- land in the St. Croix River. With him was the restless and daring navigator Samuel Champlain, and during the winter the latter made a coasting voyage as far as Cape Cod, concerning which little has been related. About the middle of May, 1605, De Monts abandoned his fort, and himself sailed southward in search of a better loca- tion for his colony. He visited Mount Desert, entered the Bay of Penobscot and viewed "Norumbegua," as the adjacent country was then understood to be called; entered the Kennebec also, and upon its banks erected a cross and took possession for the French crown; also penetrated the Casco and the Saco, sailed up Portland Harbor, which he named Marchin, from an Indian chief he met there; went on to Cape Cod, whence he returned to St. Croix, unable to make a settlement through fear of the natives, and finally went to Port Royal with his colony. The voyage of this French explorer is forever linked with the interesting story and beautiful scenery of Mount Desert. Mrs. Clara Barnes Martin, in her interesting guide book to this islarrd, has the following: From the voyages of this De Monts and of his associates and suc- cessors, Mount Desert derives all the human interest of those early years'. Champlain first named it "Mons Deserte, " from its wild and savage solitudes, and the name " Frenchman's Bay," now ajoplied only to the water lying immediately northeast of this island, then belonged to the whole expanse eastward to the Bay of Fundy. The name per- petuates the memory of the sore strait to which came one Nicholas D'Aubri, a priest who accompanied De Monts in his first voyage. Be- ing one of a party who left their boat to explore the forest, he dropped his sword by a brook where they stopped to drink. Returning to find it, he soon lost his way; and his companions, after vain efforts to res- cue him, were obliged to leave him to his fate. For sixteen days the poor priest wandered along the shore nearly starved, till he was dis- covered by a party who had returned to the spot in search of reputed gold and silver, and was carried back to his companions, who received him as one from the dead. This story, it may be added, is given upon the authority of one of the early historians of Maine, Remembering what war of words has arisen concerning the planting of settlements but httle farther west, these traditions are proffered, subject to such amends as more able research may supply. SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN. This famous French voyager appeared off the coasts of Maine, which he called "Norumbegue," in September, 1604, with a small vessel sent from the St. Croix as an expedition by the Sieur de Monts. He found and named the isle "de Monts-deserts," and the Isle au Haut, at the mouth of Penobscot Bay, which have retained their pames ever since; sailed up the Norumbegue or Penob- scot River to the site of Bangor, where he is believed to have moored his vessel at the foot of Newberry street, just below the rocks in the stream ; had an interview with the chiefs Bessabezand Cahabis; descended the river safely, and went on coasting to the southwestward, prob- ably to the St. George's River, whence he returned to the St. Croix. He observed on the voyage the Camden Hills, which he called the mountains of Bedabedec. The next year he, with De Monts, was again in Penobscot Bay, among the Fox Islands, but did not ascend the river. Once more, in 1606, Champlain was in the bay, where he stopped to repair his vessel. GEORGE WEYMOUTH. Dr. Belknap, in the second volume of his American Biography, holds that the Penobscot Bay and River were discovered by Captain Weymouth and his associates, in June, 1605. He was sent out by the Earl of Southamp- ton and others, in the English interest, to check the de- signs of the French, whose claim to the Northeast coast was denied. Ostensibly, Weymouth was sent to discover the northwest passage ; but he sighted the American coast instead, near Cape Cod, and ran northwardly to the island of Monhegan (which he named St. George), and there dropped anchor. He remained here nearly a month, and made a beginning of agriculture on these shores. His subsequent movements are much in discus- sion. The following is an extract from the journal of the voyage : June 12 [1605]. — Our captain manned his shallop with seventeen men and ran up the codde of the river, where we landed, leaving six to keep the shallop. Ten of us, with our shot, and some armed, with a boy to carry powder and match, marched up the country toward the mountains, which we descried at our first falling in with the land, and were continually in our view. To some of them the river brought us so near, as we judged ourselves, when we landed, to be within a league of them; but we found them not, having marched well-nigh four miles and passed three great hills. Wherefore, because the weather was hot and our men in their armour, not able to travel far and return to their pinnace at night, we resolved not to travel further. We were no sooner come aboard our pinnace, returning down toward our ship, but we espied a canoe coming from the further part of the codde of the river, eastward. In it were three Indians, one of whom we had before seen, and his coming was very earnestly to importune us to let one of our men go with them to the Bashabe, and then the next morning he would come to our ship with furs and tobacco. June 13. — By 2 o'clock in the morning, taking advantage of the tide, we went in our pinnace up to that part of the river which trendeth west into the main, and we carried a cross to erect at that point [a thing never omitted by any Christian travellers]. Into that river we rowed, by estimation, twenty miles. Whatever profit or pleasure is described in the former part of the river is wholly doubled in this; for the breadth and depth is such that a ship, drawing seventeen or eighteen feet of water, might have passed as far as we went with our shallop, and much farther, because we left it in so good a depth. From the place of our ship's riding in the har- bor, at the entrance into the sound, to the furthest point we were in this river, by an estimation, was not much less than three-score miles. We were so pleased with this river, and so loth to forsake it, that we would have continued there willingly for two days, having only bread and cheese to eat. But the tide not suffering it, we came down with the ebb. We conceived that the river ran very far into the land, for we passed six or seven miles altogether fresh water (whereof we all drank), forced up by a flowing of the salt water. June 14. We warped our ship down to the river's mouth, and there came to anchor, 15. Weighed anchor, and with a breeze from the land came to our watering-place in Penobscot Harbor, and filled our cask. The last named place has been reasonably conjee- 5° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. tured to be the present George's Island Harbor ; the "codde" or bay of the river, the Belfast Bay, in the Penobscot waters; and the canoe seen to have come from Bagaduce, on the east side of Penobscot Bay. The voyage with the shallop, or pinnace, is argued to have been up the channel of the river. Weymouth is sup- posed to have anchored his ship off the peninsula now called Old Fort Point, and the mountains seen are iden- tified as the Penobscot Hills. The reasoning to support some of these conclusions will be found in the second volume of Belknap's American Biography. They are sharply controverted, however, by Mr. John McKeen, in a paper contributed to the fifth volume of the Maine Historical Collections, who is supported by writers in a subsequent volume of this series. He holds that Weymouth, according to these entries in the Jour- nal, entered Townsend Harbor, since called Booth Bay, and thence explored the Sagadahoc River. The editor of the Collections does not agree with his arguments, but holds to the Penobscot theory, which ex-Governor Joshua L. Chamberlain, now President of Bowdoin College, in his Centennial discourse on Maine: Her Place in History, seems also to favor. Dr. Palfrey, in his History of New England, suggests the Kennebec as the river of Weymouth's exploration, and others say the St. George's or Sagadahoc; but it must be said, we think, that the weight of authority is with the Penobscot. The fact which seems to us conclusive, is the depth of water the diarist mentions about three-score miles " from the entrance into the sound," which is true of the Penobscot, but not of any other of the rivers in discussion. The adventurers were greatly delighted with the noble river and the country it waters. The Journal says; "Many who had been travellers in sundry countries and in the most famous rivers, affirmed them not com- parable with this — the most beautiful, rich, large, secure harbouring that the world afFordeth." One of the old authors says Weymouth set up several crosses upon the land. He made no settlement, however; but sailed down the coast, carrying away five captive Indians, two of whom afterwards appeared in the streets of London, to wonder-eyed and gaping throngs. SAMUEL ARGALL. This English adventurer, who three years afterwards by strategy carried off Pocahontas from her father's cap- ital to hold her a prisoner at Jamestown, visited the coast of Maine in 1610, on a fishing voyage. He was driven out of his course by a storm, and landed on a rocky island off Penobscot Bay, where he found "great store of seals," and so called it Seal Rock, a name still appertainmg to it. About three years afterwards he re- turned — Champlain says with sixty soldiers and fourteen pieces of artillery — and learning from the natives of the mission and settlement just beginning under the French in this region, at St. Sauveur, he suddenly at- tacked them, killing one of the missionaries, as else- where related, and completely breaking up the settlement, on the plea that it was within the patent of the Virginia Company. He then sailed up the coast and completed the reduction of the French settlements in Acadia. THE JESUIT FATHERS. It is worthy of note that the pious expedition set on foot by Madame la Marquise de Guercheville, the French lady to whom De Monts had ceded his Acadian title, and which bore the Fathers Biard and Masse, Quen- tun and Gilbert du Thet, was originally destined for Kad- esquit, which occupied the site of Bangor. Biard, who had preceded the latter two into the wilderness, had al- ready selected this as a mission station; and when they reached the harbor of St. Sauveur, on Mount Desert, they eagerly inquired the way to Kadesquit. The na- tives answered that their place was better, and, under plea of a visit to their sagamore Asticon, who was sick, they led the way to a beautiful site on the shore of Some's Sound, so advantageous that the cross was there planted, a slight entrenchment thrown up, and settlement begun, to the utter abandonment of the Kadesquit scheme. Had they gone up the Penobscot instead, they might have escaped the overwhelming disaster which fell upon them, as just above related. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. This celebrated explorer and soldier, of whom so many romantic stories are told, including the story of Pocahontas, was on the Maine coast in 16 14. He land- ed at Monhegan the last of April, with two vessels from London, and presently, in small, boats, explored the shores each way, from Penobscot to Cape Cod, making a map of the coast as he went, which was prefixed to his History. In the title of this first appears the name New England, which some say Prince Charles gave; others say more probably, he only confirmed the name which Smith suggested. The name is contained in Smith's claim that he "broughte our newe England to the subjection of the kingdom of Create Britain." In his explorations the shrewd Captain picked up a valuable cargo, which was sold abroad to great advantage. His best trading was not in the Penobscot country, where, he says, "our commodities were not so much esteemed," as "the French traders bartered their articles on better terras." In 1615 Smith made another start upon a voyage to reach New England, but was driven back by storms ; and a third venture was intercepted by French pirates, and he was once more compelled to return. He was not heard of again in the Nevi^ World he had done so much to discover, develop, and advertise. SUBSEQUENT VOYAGES to the coast of Maine have no special concern with this history. The Penobscot waters were now well known to the world, and scarcely ten years more elapsed before the habitations of civilization began to rise upon their picturesque shores. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 51 CHAPTER IV. GEOGRAPHICAL DESIGNATIONS. Vinland — Skraellinge Land — Mavoshen — Drogeo — Terra de Baccalhaos The Land of the Bretons — The Country of Gomez— Norumbega — The Term in Literature — Acadia— North Virginia— New England — Nova Scotia — The Waldo or Muscongus Patent — The County of Canada — The Territory of Sagadahoclc — The County of Cornwall — The Dutch at Penobscot — New Ireland — The Province of Mayne — The District of Maine — The State of Maine. No SMALL part of the early history of this Northeastern country is involved in the definitions given by the ex- plorers or early cartographers to the territory now occu- pied by the State of Maine, or to larger tracts within which that territory was included. As the process of colonization went on, and the demands for more localized government increased, we shall also find that the valley of the Penobscot, or some part of it, was included in va- rious successive county organizations, until at last Pe- nobscot county, with its present limits and subdivisions, stood full-formed. VINLAND. Leif, son of Erik the Red, a Norseman and the first settler of Greenland, set out from the settlement at Erik's Fiord in the year 1000, and sailed with a crew of thirty-five men to the southwest, over a track pursued nine years before by Biarne, whose ship Lief had bought. First they reached the land seen by Biarne, Labrador or New- foundland, which they called Helluland, or the Stone Land. Sailing thenc^ to the coast of Nova Scotia, they called it Markland, or the Woodland. Reaching finally Cape Cod, and, it is believed, the south shore of Rhode Island, and finding there the marvel of vines and grapes, they gave to this south country the name of Vinland, which needs no interpretation, and which the Norsemen subsequently applied to the whole coast between that re- gion and Markland, or Nova Scotia. Vinland, then, was the first country of European designation in which the Penobscot territory, or any part of it, was included. The "Promontorium Vinlandiae," as a designation for our Cape Cod, stands out conspicuously upon the chart of the North Atlantic, published by the Icelander Sigurd Stephanius, in 1570. This point, however, because "it was long to sail by," the daring voyagers themselves had called Furdurstrands, or the Wonder-strands. In the year 11 12 Pope Paschal II. appointed Erik Upsi, a Norse ecclesiastic, as Bishop of Iceland, Green- land, and Vinland ; and he is very doubtfully said to have visited personally the last-named or North Ameri- can division of his diocese, in 1121. "SKR^LLINGE LAND," or the country of the wretched dwarfs — that is, the sav- ages, who were designated by the rude Northmen with the contemptuous epithet of Skrsellings (chips, parings, or mere fragments of humanity) — is the term applied upon the map of Stephanius to the whole country between the Promontorium Vinlandiae and "Marckland." Mr. Gay, in his Popular History of the United States, starts a very interesting inquiry as to these dwarfish Skrsellings. He says ; The assumption is that that these people of the Vinland vicinity were Esquimaux. If that be true, and the term was used merely for want of any other to apply to copper-colored natives, then we are to conclude that Ihe Indians were later comers in that part of the country. Did the first displace the Mound-building people, and then, in the course of time, move upon and displace the Esquimaux of the Atlantic coast? Was it this race who were not smokers, and who made the shell-heaps where no pipes are found? MAVOSHEN. The aboriginal designation by which the territory now embraced in the State of Maine was known, is that of Mavoshn, Mavooshen or Mawooshen (Belknap) Mai- vooshen (Purchas), or Moashara (Gorges). It was the general name, apparently, given by the red-skinned na- tives of the land. Mr. Belknap, in the second volume of his American Biography, says it was a title for the whole country of Maine and comprised nine or ten rivers, whereof the westernmost was Shawakotock, known to the French as Chouakoet, and to the English as Saco. The easternmost was Quibequessen, somewhere east of the Penobscot. The northern part of the same district, he remarks further, included the Penobscot bay and river, which were also called Pemaquid, though the latter name was afterwards appropriated to the point or reach of land six leagues to the westward. Not far from here dwelt the great chief, the Bashaba, who presumably ruled the dominions of Mavoshen. Purchas' Pilgrimage describes Mavoshen as "a country lying to the north and east of Virginia, between the degrees of forty-three and forty-five. It is forty leagues broad and fifty in length, lying in breadth east and west and in length north and south. It is bordered on the east side with a country, the people whereof they call Tarrantines ; on the east with Ephistoma ; on the north with a great wood, called Senaglecouna; and on the south with the main ocean, sea, and many islands. In Mavooshen it seemeth there are nine rivers, the west- ernmost of which is Shawacotoc. At the head of this river, to the northwest, there is a small province which they call Crokemago, wherein is one town. This is con- jectured by the historian Williamson to have been" prob- ably the Indian Pegwacket." The present tract of Penobscot county was, then, anciently a part of " Mavoshen." We shall in like man- ner proceed briefly to indicate the several geographical designations and civil jurisdictions including the region of which this History is more immediately to treat. DROGEO. The sea-chart of the Venetian brothers, Nicolo and Antonio Zeno, drawn about the year 1400, nearly a cen- tury before the discovery by Columbus, published in 1558, and beautifully reduced and printed in fac-simile by Dr. Kohl, in the first volume of the new series of the Maine Historical Collections, exhibits three unknown lands in the Western Hemisphere — Icaria, Estotiland, and Drogeo. The first of these, an island, has been identified with reasonable probability as Newfoundland; the second as Nova Scotia; the third as the Norse Vinland, or New England, and upon the map of Lewelel, published at Brussels in 1852, with his Geography of the Middle Ages, it appears precisely in the locahty of the present State of 52 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Maine. It is blind work identifying the tracts, from the meager indications presented; but the conclusions reached above seem the most probable of any. Drogeo, then, is another pre-Columbian name for the country with which this History deals.* Drogeo was afterwards depicted upon the old charts as an island, floating somewhere in mid-ocean. TERRA DE BACCALHAOS. Upon several of the Portuguese and other old maps, the New England country is included in the vast tract designated as Terra de Baccalhaos, a Portuguese term for the Land of Codfish, said by some to have been discov- ered by the father of the Cortereals before the time of Columbus. The English sometimes called it "the Coun- try of Bacallaos," and likewise "the Newfoundland," and " the New Isles." The Baccalhaos name designated the island of Newfoundland for a long time. THE LAND OF THE BRETONS. Early in the sixteenth century, the hardy Bretons of St. Malo, the Normans of Dieppe, and other Frenchmen, began to appear in fishing voyages upon the coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. The former gave the title to the island of Cape Breton, which bears, as Dr. Kohl remarks, the oldest French name on the American northeast coast. From them also was derived the desig- nation Terre des Bretons, or Land of the Bretons, which appears upon maps of that time as applicable to a wide extent of territory, including Nova Scotia and a large part of New England. It was also described by Ra- musio as La Terre Nerroe (the New Land), extending from foriy degrees to sixty degrees north, and he says many called it, particularly the southern part, La Terre Francais (the French Land). THE COUNTRY OF GOMEZ. On the old Spanish maps of North America, the tract of which Maine is now a subdivision is laid dovs^n as " La Tierra de Gomez," from Estevan (Stephen) Gomez, a Portuguese in the service of Spain, who sailed in 1525 from Newfoundland, probably, to Florida. He may have seen or touched the shores of Maine, but there is no certain record of it, except, perhaps, a remark here- after quoted from the beginning of Hakluyt's Discourse concerning Western Planting. Dr. Kohl says, however : Gomez probably entered this inlet [Penobscot Bay], and explored it more accurately than any other part of the coast; and in his report to the king may probably have lavished his praises on its harbors; its islands and its scenery. We have already noted a fact which lends additional probability to this statement, that the Penobscot river was called the Rio de Gomez on the maps, and also by another Spanish name, the Rio Grande. His voyage adds one more to the nationalities that have claimed jurisdiction or given a name to this region. After that event the fishermen of Biscay, for more than a hundred years, appeared in the waters about Newfoundland with *The Rev. B. F. Da Costa, however, in his Critical Examination of Dr. Kohl's work, thinks the learned German mistaken in his location of " Drogeo," and that the appellation never belonged to any country so far to the southward as Maine. many vessels, amid the fishing fleets of the Bretons, No^ mans, and Basques, until they were forced away by rival nations about the middle of the seventeenth century. NORUMBEGA. This — or Norombega (Purchas and Belknap), Nor- umbegua (Sullivan), or Norimbagua (Champlain), etc., etc., — is more strictly a local designation, probably ap- plied, rather than found, by the Europeans who earliest visited the Penobscot waters. Williamson says, however, in treating of De Monts' expedition ; In ranging the coast westwardly, they entered the bay of Penobscot, which, with the neighboring country, some European adventurers had previously understood by the natives , was called Norombegua. L'Escarbot, in his History of De Monts' Voyages, notes the name, in the same passage with " St. Croix," as that of a river in the country of the Etchemins. Pur- chas's note is " Pemptegoet [Penobscot] is that place so famous under the name of Norombega." M. Denys, in his Geographical and Historical Description of North America, 1672, mentions "Norimbagua" as the previous name of the first province in what he calls Canada — that province extending " from Pentagoet [Penobscot] to St. John." Belknap's remark seems to cover the exact ground of the real information on the subject : Norombega was a part of the same district comprehending Penobscot bay and river, but its easteru and western limits are not described. Finally, the following interesting discussion of the sub- ject is embraced in Governor Sullivan's History of the District of Maine : The people of Norumbega were supposed to be an ancient people who lived on the river Penobscot, then called Pemptegeovett, near to which, as it was imagined, a great city once stood, called by the name of Norumbegua. ' The bounds of New England was conceived to ex- tend to the river Pemaquid, and the country of Norumbegua to be bounded west on that, and to run as far east as Penobscott, including Sheepscott river, then called Chavacovett. Some suppose it to be a collection of Indian huts, and others an ancient town. In ogilby it fs conjectured to be the ruins of an ancient town, which the natives called Arambeck, and had deserted it. Some thought that the country had been called by this name because a colony of Norwegians had anciently been settled there. . The appellation of this part of the country, and of the several parts which were supposed to be within the same, and of the rivers supposed to be there, are not Tcnown in the Indian language, nor have the natives any traditions of such towns or cities as are conjectured in the old writers of the American history. On the whole, it may be safely con- cluded that there never was an ancient country or city called Norum- begua, but that the rage of the day for new discoveries, and the idle tales of the voyagers, gave an imaginary existence to such a place. The name Arambec, or Arambeag, sometimes found instead of Norumbega, is believed to come nearer the original word, as eag is a well-known termination in many geographical names in the Northeast, meaning land or place. A corruption of this, and the change into a Latin ending, would easily give Norumbega. This designation was generally used by the French, until supplanted by Acadia. Norumbega first appears upon the old maps in a chart of New France, prepared by the Italian Jacomo di Gastaldi, about the year 1550. Here the "Terra de Nvrvmbega," ornamented with neat drawings of trees and mountains, and many figures of natives variously engaged, with fishermen and sea animals off the shore, corresponds closely to the later Nova Scotia. Its shore- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 53 line is about 500 miles long. But a small stretch of the coast of Maine is shown. Gastaldi doubtless derived the information upon which this map was made from Pierre Crignon, a French navi- gator and writer, in 1537 or 1539, upon the French ex- plorers, who was the first, so far as is known, to disclose the aboriginal name "Norumbt'ga," by which he names a vast extent of country, including the tract now occu- pied by Maine. (But Mr. DeCosta says Norumbega was named by Peter Martyr, in 15 11. See his The Northmen in Maine: A Critical Examination, etc.) According, how- ever, to this writer's "Discourse of a great French sea- captain of Dieppe [Jean Parmetier], on the navigations made to the West Indies, called New France, from the 40° to the 47° N.," Norumbega reached even to Florida. It was subsequently narrowed to New England, then to the Maine country, and finally to the Penobscot region. The preface to the first volume of the New Series of the Maine Historical Collections remarks that "the ancient Norumbega, embracing sometimes the whole of New England, has a conspicuous place on nearly all the early maps, and retained its name far into the next century, but over a narrower region. Old Heylin, in his Cosmographie, printed at London in 1652, attempts something like a boundary of this country in the following : Norombega hath on the N. E. Nova Scotia, on the S. W. Virginia. Virginia, in the full latitude thereof, extendeth from the 34th degree, where it joins with Florida, unto the 44th degree, where it quartereth on Norombega. Now we will let Monsieur Crignon speak for himself in regard to this wonderful land. He says : Going beyond the cape of the Bretons, there is a country contiguous to this cape, the coast of which trends to the west a quarter southwest to the country of Florida, and runs along for a good five hundred leagues ; which coast was discovered fifteen years ago by Master Gio- vanni da Verrazano in the name of the King of France and of Madame la Regente; and this country is called by many " La Francese, " and even by the Portuguese themselves ; and its end is toward Florida under 18^ west and 38° north. The inhabitants of this country are a very pleasant, tractable, and peaceful people. The country is abounding with all sorts of fruits. There grow oranges, almonds, wild grapes, and many other fruits of odoriferous trees. The country is named by the inhabitants, "Nurumbega;" and between it. and Brazil is a great gulf, in which are the islands of the West Indies, discovered by the Spaniards. But before this, in 1527, the English ship Mary of Guilford, commanded by Master John Rut, had been in North American waters, and "returned by the coasts of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega," as Hak- luyt says in his book of Voyages, Navigations, etc. But Hakluyt's first edition was not published till 1589, and Gastaldi must have relied upon Crignon. This old edi- tion of Hakluyt's reads "coasts of Arambec," which prob- ably means the same as Norumbega. Upon the map of Girolamo Ruscelli, of date 1561, this country appears as "Tierra de Nurumberg" (an evi- dent confusion of "Norumbega" with a noted German city), and is placed on the coast above "Larcadia," or Acadia, which is something hke getting the cart before the horse. Again, upon the map of Michael Lok, of 1582, made after Verrazano's "olde excellent mappe," the country appears as "Norombega," a long island, including every- thing from Cape Breton to a large strait running from north to south, and supposed by some to designate the Hudson river. All the maps of Lok's time are said by Dr. Kohl to have the name conspicuous upon this part of them. Upon many subsequent maps it is displaced by "Tiera de Bacalos" and other titles, but reappears on Mercator's maps, in the latter part of the sixteenth cen- tury, in the "Novus Atlas" of William and John Blaen, 1642, where it is printed as "Norembega," but previously, in a map published by Hondius in 1607, as "Nurum- bega." In a great map of 1543, prepared by order of Henry II,, King of France, the name "Auorobagra" occurs near Penobscot Bay, just where other maps have Norum- bega, and runs up to a castle or cluster of houses in the place where subsequent charts locate the city of Norum- bega. "Auorobagra" is therefore reasonably conjectured to be a misprint for the latter word. On the map of the celebrated geographer and carto- grapher, Gerard Mercator, 1568, representing the east coast of North America, we have the first location of a large city or aboriginal capital of the country of Norum- bega, on the east bank of the Penobscot, with the name "Norumbega" attached. The existence of such a city is also affirmed by some of the old writers, as Pilot Jean Alphonse, of Xaintonge, who says that Norombega was a city fifteen to twenty leagues from the sea, whose inhab- itants were small and of a dark complexion. The fable was repeated as late as 1607, in the Historic Universelle des Indes Occidentales, and the name is honorably per- petuated in "Norombega Hall" and otherwise. Yet it must be said that the evidence supporting such belief is very slight and unsatisfactory. Even the maps exhibit- ing the locahty place it upon the east side of the Penob- scot ("on the Brewer flats," some writers say), and not upon the site of Bangor. The tradition of a large city called Norombega, situa- ted upon the site of the city, seems, however, to have passed into tacit acceptance in that place. But Judge Godfrey and other well-informed local writers speak of it as "the mythical great city," and the like. Champlain says in his Voyages: From the entrance [of Penobscot Bay] to where I was, which is twenty-five leagues up the river, I saw no city nor village nor appear- ance of there having been one ; but, indeed, one or two savage huts where there was nobody. And again, in the account of his voyage of 1605, through Penobscot Bay and up the. river, he says of the rumored Norumbega: They say also there is a great city well peopled with savages, adroit and skillful, and used to the manufacture of cotton. I am sure that most of those who speak of these things have never seen them, and de- rive their authority from men who know no more than themselves. All that Champlain reports of possible civilization in the Penobscot wilderness was what he took to be an an- cient and moss-covered cross somewhere in the woods. He was undoubtedly mistaken, however, in his identifi- cation of this object — unless, indeed, he in 1605 found Weymouth's cross planted up some river the same spring, which would hardly be as yet old and mossy. 54 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Says Heylin, in his Cosmographie : Most have formerly agreed upon Norumbegua or Arampec, as the natives call it ; said to be a large, populous, and well-built town, and to be situated on a fair and capacious river of the same name also. But later observations tell us there is no such matter ; that the river which the first relations did intend is Pemptegouet, neither large nor pleasant [ ! ] ; and that the place by them meant is called Agguncia, so far from being a fair city, that there are only a few sheds or cabins, covered with the barks of trees or the skins of beasts. Upon the whole, it must be concluded that there was nowhere upon the Penobscot, and at no time during the aboriginal period, anything more than the ordinary, wretched Indian villages, at one of which the Bashaba, or chief, had his lodge and petty court. The Penobscot is designated upon Mercator's map as Rio Grande, or the "great river;" and it soon came to be designated as the "Great River of Norumbega." Thevet, in 1556, mentioning it also as the Grand River on the charts, and called "Agoncy" by the natives, says, "which we call Norumbegue," and eulogizes it as "one of the finest rivers in the whole world." He mentions also a little fort erected by the French ten or twelve leagues from its mouth, and named the "Fort of Nor- umbegue." The "Great River of Norumbega," with the mythical city on its eastern shore, makes a great figure in many maps and charts of the sixteenth century. The great gulf between Cape Cod and Nova Scotia, not even yet receiving a specific geographical designa- tion of general acceptance, but sometimes called the Gulf of Maine, or of New England, was named by the French fishermen of the earliest day as the Sea or Gulf of Norumbega, from the country on the side of the mainland. Norumbega has made some figure in other literature than that of travel or history. One considerable work of the old compiler and writer, Richard Hakluyt — the Discourse concerning Western Planting, written in 1584, but not printed until nearly three centuries afterwards, when, in 1877, i' ^^^^ saw the light by the enterprise of the Maine Historical Society — was apparently written for the express purpose of stimulating emigration to Norumbega. In almost his opening sentence he men- tions that "those [natives] whom Stephen Gomez brought from the coaste of Maine in the year 1524 worshipped the Sonne, the moone, and the starres, and used other idolatrie." Milton, also, in the tenth book of the Paradise Lost, uses Norumbega for the purposes of illustration. His words are: — Now from the North Of Norombega and the Samoed shore, Bursting their brazen dungeons, armed with ice, And snow and hail, and stormy gust and flaw, Boreas and Cascias, and Argestes loud. And Thrascias rend the woods and rocks upturn. The noblest poetical tribute, however, as yet paid to Norumbega, is by the Quaker poet, John G. Whittier, in a contribution to the Atlantic Monthly for June, 1869. We give it place here without abridgment, except to re- move the historical foot-note: — NOREMBEGA. BY J. G. WHITTIER. The winding way the serpent takes The mystic water took. From where, to count its beaded lakes, The forest sped its brook. A narrow space 'twixt shore and shore, For sun or stars to fall. While evermore, behind, before. Closed in the forest wall. The dim wood hiding underneath Wan flowers without a name ; Life tangled with decay and death, League after league the same. Unbroken over swamp and hill The rounding shadow lay. Save where the river cut at will A pathway to the day. Beside that track of air and light. Weak as a child unweaned, At shut of day a Christian knight Upon his henchman leaned. The embers of the sunset's fires Along the clouds on high ; ' ' I see, " he said, ' ' the domes and spires Of Norembega town." ' ' Alack ! the domes, O master mine. Are golden clouds on high ; Yon spire is but the branchless pine That cuts the evening sky." "O hush and hark! What sounds are these But chants and holy hymns? "Thou hear'st the breeze that stirs the trees Through all their leafy limbs." " Is it a chapel bell that fills The air with its low tone? " "Thou hear'st the tinkle of the rills. The insect's vesper drone." " The Christ be praised !— He sets for me A blessed cross in sight ! " ' ' Now, nay, 'tis but yon blasted tree With two gaunt arms outright ! " " Be it wind so sad or tree so stark. It mattereth not, my knave ; Methinks to funeral hymns I hark. The cross is for my grave ! ' ' My life is sped ; I shall not see My home-set sails again ; The sweetest eyes of Normandie Shall watch for me in vain. ' ' Yet onward still to ear and eye The baffling marvel calls ; 1 fain would look before I die On Norembega's walls. ' ' So, haply, it shall be thy part At Christian feet to lay The mystery of the desert's heart My dead band plucked away. "Leave me an hour of rest ; go thou And look from yonder heights ; Perchance the valley even now Is starred with city lights." The henchman climbed the nearest hill, He saw nor tower nor town. But, through the drear woods, lone and still, The river rolling down. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 55 He heard the stealthy feet of things Whose shapes he could not see, A flutter as of evil wings, The fall of a dead tree. The pines stood black against the moon, A sword of fire beyond ; He heard the wolf howl, and the loon Laugh from his reedy pond. He turned him back : " O master dear. We are but men misjed ; And thou hast sought a city here To find a grave instead." "As God shall will! what matter where A true man's cross may stand. So Heaven be o'er it here as there In pleasant Norman land? "These woods, perchance, no secret hide Of lordly tower and hall ; Yon river in its wanderings wide Has washed no city wall ; ' ' Yet mirrored in the sullen stream The holy stars are given ; Is Norembega then a dream Whose waking is in Heaven? " No bnilded wonder of these lands My weary eyes shall see ; A city never made with hands Alone awaiteth me — ' ' ' Urbs Syon mystica ' / I see Its mansions passing fair, ' Condita c(elo ' ; let me be, Dear Lord, a dweller there ! " Above the dying exile hung The vision of the bard. As faltered on his failing tongue The songs of good Bernard. The henchman dug at dawn a grave Beneath the hemlocks brown. And to the desert's keeping gave The lord of fief and town. Years after, when the Sieur Champlain Sailed up the mystic stream, And Norembega proved again A shadow and a dream. He found the Norman's nameless grave Within the hemlock's shade. And, stretching wide its arms to save. The sign that God had made, — The cross-boughed tree that marked the spot And made it holy ground : He needs the earthly city not Who hath the heavenly found ! ACADIA. The next designation for the Maine and much other country east of the Penobscot, and at one time, as we shall see, for a tract west of that river also, was French, originally Acadie, a corruption, some say, of Arcadia, the classic name of the picturesque old tract in the middle of the Peloponnesus (the modern Morea), the Switzer- land of Greece, whose people believed themselves to be the oldest tribe on the peninsula. This old-time deriva- tion is not now generally accepted, but the word is held to be of unmixed Indian origin. According to Mr. Porter C. Bliss, said to be very competent authority on Indian words, Acadie is a pure Micmac word, with the significa- tion of "place." The Eastern Indians still use it in composition; and Passamaquoddy, or "the place of the pollock," is derived from the Etchemin word pestum- acadie. Its own derivation is from ahkt^ "land," or "place," and da, an interjection denoting admiration, the whole implying a fertile or abundant country excit- ing pleasant surprise. The name first appears in a map of "Tierra Nueva," or the New Land, by Ruscelli, in 1 56 1, as "Larcadia," designating an unlimited tract be- tween "Tierra de Nurumberg" (Nurumbega) and "La Florida." It was afterwards written and printed "L'Ar- cadie," "L'Accadie," "la Cadie," "U Acadie," "Lacadie," "Accady," and "Accadia," and even more eccentric shapes, but is commonly known, in speech and writing, as Acadia. In this country, on the Nova Scotian side — In the Acadian land, on the shores of the basin of Minas, where — Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand Pre Lay in the fruitful valley. the thatch-roofed village, the home of Acadian farmers. Men whose lives glided on like rivers that water the woodlands, Darkened by shadows of earth, but reflecting an image of heaven," — here Mr. Longfellow has placed the opening scenes of his poem "Evangeline." It is not certainly known when or by whom the name was first applied to this region. It appears to have been already in use at the tiine (November 8, 1603) the first royal grant of the country was made, by Henry IV. of France and Navarre, to Pierre du Guast, otherwise the Sieur de Monts. The words of the charter are, as ren- dered into English : "We do appoint, ordain, make, constitute, and establish you our Lieutenant General, to represent our person in the country, territory, coasts, and confines of Acadia, from the fortieth to the forty-sixth degree ; and within this extent, or any part thereof, as far inland as may be practicable, to establish, extend, and make known our name, power, and authority, and therewith subject, cause to submit and obey, all the people of the said land and circumjacent country," etc., etc. This was the first civil jurisdiction proclaimed by an enlightened government over Eastern Maine. It was a vast tract thus assigned to the supremacy of De Monts, extending from the latitude of Philadelphia to the northern slopes of Mount Katahdin, including the southern part of the present New Brunswick and nearly the whole of Nova Scotia, and extending indefinitely from the Atlantic toward the Pacific. De Monts sailed for his new possessions in two well-equipped vessels, March 7, 1604, with a companion of some note, M. de Pontrincourt, and a pilot of much greater fame, the renowned Samuel Champlain, the cour- ageous explorer from whom the beautiful water between New York and Vermont takes its name. Reaching the coast off Nova Scotia, they presently explored the Bay of Fundy, selected the site of Port Royal, later Annapolis, visited and named St. John's River, and reared a fortifica- tion on the island they called St. Croix — from the brooks about it, which came "crosswise to fall within this large branch of the sea" (the Schoodic, which also came to be known as the St. Croix). Here De Monts wintered; here was the first settlement, though not a permanent one, in Acadia — the settlement at Port Royal not beginning 56 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. until the next year; and here was in some sense the first seat of government for the vast province of Acadia, in- cluding all of the present Penobscot county, except a parallelogram of about thirty miles, in length and breiidth, at the northern end. De Mont's rule was soon broken, as to nearly the whole of his mighty domain, by the establishment of North and South Virginia, under English auspices ; but the French dominion in this quarter was restored by the treaty of St. Germains, March 9, 1632, under the third article of which "His Majesty of Great Britain promises by his ambassador to give up and restore to his most Christian Majesty all the places occupied in New France, Acadia, and Canada by the subjects of his Majesty of Great Britain, causing the latter to retire from the said places, and deliver to the commissaries of the most Christian King in gcod faith the power which he (the ambassador) has from his Majesty of Great Britain, for the restitution of said places." The English settlers were, however, not wholly excluded from the country, and many of them remained. New France, mentioned in the article, was the general designation for all the vast tracts in North America, not only at the East, but upon the great waters of the West, supposed to be vested in the crown of France, by the discoveries of her brave and pious explorers. The name is said to have been given first by John Verazzani, the Florentine voyager in the French service, who sailed the entire coast from Florida to Newfoundland in 1524, and took possession of the Acadian country for France. He was killed (and eaten, some say) by the Indians, somewhere upon its rock-bound shores. In 1627 the title was legally recognized in the grant of the domain to this body corporate of one hundred and seven formed by Cardinal Richelieu, and called the Company of New France. Of this immense region Acadia, Canada, and Louisiana — each of which, espec- ially the last, was in territorial extent and empire — were component parts. Some years before the treaty of St. Germains, the French king had made a grant of land on the river St. Johns to M. Claude St. Estienne de la Tour, a professed Protestant, to whom was afterwards (February 11, 1631) given a commission from Louis as Governor of Acadia. The next year after the treaty, in 1633, Cardinal Riche- lieu appointed M. de Razilla, an officer in the army, to take command in Acadia. La Tour, whose authority was now subordinate to that of Razilla, continued to re- side upon the St. Johns, while the latter received an ex- tensive grant west of La Tour's, including the bay and river of St. Croix, and the islands "twelve leagues on the sea." Razilla lived chiefly, however, in the fortress of La Heve, east of Liverpool, on the south shore of Nova Scotia, and there had the seat of his government. The English from New Plymouth, on the Massachusetts coast, had already established a trading-house on the eastern shore of Penobscot Bay, and remained undis- turbed until early June, 1632, when a French vessel, piloted, strange to say, by a recreant Scotchman, came down upon it from the further parts of Acadia. Mr. Williamson thus continues the story: Her crew, conducting in the true character of freebooters, pretended they had put into harbour in distress, and would esteem a permission to repair leaks and refresh themselves as a great favor. Emboldened by generous courtesies received, as well as by information of the master's absence with most of his men on a tour westward for goods, they fiist examined the fort-arms to ascertain if they were charged, then, seizing swords and loaded muskets, ord-ered the three or four remaining keepers of the truck-house to surrender, upon pain of instant death, and to de- liver their goods and immediately put them on board. Having in this shameful manner rifled the fort of its contents, to the amount of ;^50o, they bade the men this taunting and insulting farewell, ' ' Tell your mas- ter to remember the Isle of Re." The last was an allusion to the crushing defeat sus- t.iined by the English at an island, on the French coast six years before. The traders at Penobscot, notwith- standing this raid, restored and continued their post and traffic there for three years longer, when they were com- pelled to leave. They had meanwhile, in 1633, founded another trading-house at Machias, with a valuable stock and a small, but well-armed and trusty guard. This, too, was plundered by La Tour the next year, who killed two of the defenders in overcoming resistance and carried ofi' a large amount of property, with the survivors as prison- ers. He afterwards, when taken to task by a New Ply- mouth colonist for this transaction, boldly declared^that his authority was from the King of France, " who claims the coast from Cape Sable to Cape Cod," and that, if the English attempted to trade to the east of Pemaquid, he would sieze them. He then dismissed the Englishman with his countrymen, the prisoners taken at Machias. Many years afterwards, in 1654, La Tour was unpleas- antly surprised by an English expedition with secret or- ders from Cromwell to reduce the French possessions in this quarter. The station at Penobscot was surrendered without resistance ; La Tour, at St. John's, was wholly unprepared for battle, and his settlement was captured without difficulty, as also Port Royal, La Heve, Cape Sable, and every colony in the province. This was in time of peace between France and England, and the former power naturally complained of the invasion; but Cromwell, claiming under the older title, refused restitu- tion. The next year the conquest was formally confirmed to the English; but again, in 1667, it was returned to France under the Treaty of Breda. In the summer of 1635, ^- D'Aulnay, who had command, under Razilla, of the Acadian country west of the St. Croix, made another descent upon the trading house at Biguyduce, or Penobscot, and again plundered it of goods. He did not leave the traders and their em-„ ployees, as La Tour did, to revive the business upon their departure; but sent them away altogether, with the swelling injunction and threat, "Go now, and tell all the plantations southward to the twentieth degree that a fleet of eight ships will be sent against them within a year, to displace the whole of them; and know that my commis- sion is from the King of France." D'Aulney remained upon the spot with eighteen followers, and fortified against expected attack from the English. This soon came at the hands of Captain Girling, in command of a. large vessel called the Hope, which had been engaged for the purpose at Ipswich by the New Plymouth colon- ists, with the pledge of two hundred pounds, if the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S7 enterprise against D'Aulnay succeeded. The enemy were too well entrenched, however, and, when Girling had fired away all his ammunition, nothing remained but to maintain a silent blockade in front of the fortress. Meanwhile Massachusetts was making common cause with New Plymouth for the expulsion of the French from Biguyduce; and, under the advice of a captain of much military experience, named Sellanova, was prepar- ing a more extensive expedition against D'Aulnay, when a tremendous storm did so much damage in the fields and otherwise that provisions could not be had for it, and it was abandoned. The French were presently relieved of Girling's presence by the arrival of part of a shipwrecked crew of Connecticut mariners, who had been kindly treated by Razilla, and furnished with a shallop for their voyage home. In some way difficult to understand, these unfortunates fell into the hands of D'Aulnay, rather than Girling: and the Frenchman refused to let them go unless the obnoxious ship from Ipswich should depart. The Hope was now probably hopeless of success, and only too glad to get away. She accordingly sailed for home, and D'Aulnay then allowed his later visitors to leave, bearing a courteous letter to the Governor of New Plymouth. He and La Tour both made a solemn declaration afterwards that they would never, unless expressly ordered to do so, claim any terri- tory west of Pemaquid. As to the extent of Acadia (or Nova Scotia), it is usually held not to have reached further westward than the line of the Penobscot. It is observable, however, that during the English occupancy 1755-67, in the grant to Sir Thomas Temple and the younger La Tour, the Protector's charter describes their tract as "the territory sometimes called L'Accadia, and that part of the country called Nova Scotia, from Merliquash [later Lunenberg] to Penobscot, the river St. George, and the Muscongus, situated on the confines of New England" — which car- ried the boundary far to the southwestward of Penobscot. But Mr. Williamson avers that "it is certain, however, that the French had at no time any territorial possessions westward of Penobscot River and Bay waters, which were for many years the divisional boundary between them and the English." The failure, in the treaty of St. Germains, to prescribe definite limits to Acadia, led to endless controversies, and the grant itself was furthermore always an unpopular measure with the colonists in New England. The reces- sion of the Acadian province to France by the treaty of Breda, or rather in a subsequent article, was also greatly lamented; and it was a grave question concerning the grant to Sir Thomas Temple, whether the Crown could cede any other right over the territory than that of sov- ereignty. Indeed, upon the pressure of his claims on the English Government, he was nominally allowed the total sum of ^^16,200 for his purchase money and ex- penses of fortifications and other improvements, though he never received it. The article of cession in this treaty made no prescription of boundaries, but men- tioned by name, as included in the transfer, St. Johns, Port Royal, La H eve, Cape Sable, and Pentagoet or Penobscot, which thus again became Gallic territory. The French occupied all the coast from Cape Breton to Penobscot, where they had a stockaded fort, as also at Port Royal and St. Johns. According to Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, the French remained in pos- session of Penobscot until about 1664. M. de Bourg is reputed to have been the first French Governor of the restored province. M. Densy succeeded to the rulership of Acadia, under the title of Lieutenant- Governor, and remained in the province for thirty years. In 1672, he pubhshed in Paris a short history of the country. M. Manival was subsequently Governor. NORTH VIRGINIA. We now return to the English domination of the Penobscot country. Following the discoveries of Captain Weymouth, an association of Englishmen was formed, to promote European colonization and the introduction of Christianity among the savages on the shores of North America. To these King James I. gave a patent, April 10, 1606, as two organizations under one general coun- cil, — the former called the London Company, from the residence of the corporators, or the First Colony of Virginia; the other the Plymouth Company, or Second Colony. The territory granted the two companies, and claimed by the English crown, by virtue of the dis- coveries of its subjects, stretched from the thirty-fourth to the forty-fifth parallel, or from the latitude of Colum- bia, South Carolina, to that of Passamaquoddy Bay and Oldtown, in Penobscot county. The whole was known by the general name of North and South Virginia; but the lower part of this county, below Oldtown, was included in what was commonly known by the separate name of North Virginia. The Second or Plymouth colony had special jurisdiction here, being permitted to begin a plantation anywhere above the thirty-eighth degree, while the London Company might colonize anywhere below the forty-first parallel, it being provided, however, that the second settlement should not be made within one hundred miles of that first planted. Each company was ruled by a Subordinate Council of thirteen, nomi- nated by the crown and resident with the colony; and both were under the paramount jurisdiction of a General Council of Virginia, also of thirteen and named by the king, but resident in England. The colonies were fully empowered by the patent to seize and expel intruders, and had other important rights and privileges granted. Under this charter the settlement at Jamestown, in South Virginia, was made in April, 1607; and in August of the same year, Popham and Gilbert, of the Plymouth Company, formed the Sagadahock colony, at "the mouth of a fair navigable river" on the coast of Maine, which gave the name to the setdement. George Popham, brother of the Lord Chief Justice of England and senior captain of the voyage, was appointed president of the colony; Raleigh Gilbert, nephew of Sir Walter Raleigh, admiral; Edward Harlow, master of the militia; Ellis Best, marshal; John Scammon, secretary of the colony; James Dairs, commander of the fort; and Gome Carew, searcher, whatever that might be. 58 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The foundation for a great State, apparently, was thus laid in the wilderness of the Northwest. Little account was made of the French claims to the same territory, and the courageous, enterprising Englishmen went on to develop the land and hold it boldly for king and coun- try. In 1 6 1 3, under the auspices of Madame de Guerche- ville, a devoted and enterprising Catholic Frenchwoman, who had secured a transfer of De Monts' rights to her, a colony and mission was established at St. Saviour, on Mount Mansel, now Mount Desert Island. Captain Argal, the voyager, on a fishing venture in these waters was wrecked in Penobscot Bay, and there heard of the French occupation so near that locality, and at once advised the Virginian authorities of it.* They promptly equipped a fleet of eleven fishing vessels with fourteen cannon and sixty men, with Argal in command, and sent it to dispossess the French. The latter were taken com- pletely by surprise, but made a faint resistance, during which one of the Jesuit priests, Du Thet, was killed by a musket-ball. The fort was captured, the Catholic cross destroyed and another cross put up bearing the title of the English king, in token of repossession of the place. The fleet then sailed up the coast, destroying the rem- nant of De Monts' settlement at St. Croix, and reduced the fort and hamlet of Port Royal to ashes, after which the expedition returned home. England and France were at peace; but the former justified resistance to the encroachments of the French upon the ground of the original discovery by Cabot, the formal possession taken by Gilbert, the North and South Virginia patent, and the repeated visits of the English and the settlement of the country. These claims appear to have been tacitly admitted by France, since no resentment was expressed at the expedition, nor reprisals attempted. A small colony of the Frenchmen was permitted to remain at Port Royal, with Biencourt, the former commander, still at their head. NEW ENGLAND. After the explorations of Captain Smith along the Maine coast, in 1614, and the preparation of his famous map and history. Prince Charles, to whom the docu- ments were submitted, prefixed to them the designation New England, applying, it is supposed, to the whole region between Manhattan, or New York, and Newfound- land. Six years afterwards, November 3, 1620, a charter was granted by King James to forty knights and gentle- men of England, under the title of "The Council estab- lished at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for planting, ruling and governing New England in America." A more extensive tract was granted them— and that, too, absol- utely in fee simple— than either of the preceding com- panies, English or French, had received. Its territory was defined as between the 40th and 48th degrees of northern latitude in breadth— that is, from the parallel of Philadelphia to that o f the Bay of Chaleurs and Trinity •Palairet, in his description of tlie English and French Possessions in North America, asserts that the French at this time had "a fort at the mouth of the river Pentagoet or Penobscot, and Argal drove them away." Ogilby, author of a Description of the New World, also says that the Jesuits had become masters at Port Royal, and begun a fort at Pentagoet. Neither statement is believed to be sufficiently supported Bay, Newfoundland, well to the north of the present boundary of Maine, — and in length by the same breadth "throughout the mainland from sea to sea" — from the Atlantic to the Pacific, which was a mighty stretch of empire, regarded in either length or breadth. The privi- leges previously granted in the Virginia charter were continued in this, except that coinage of money was not allowed. No Catholic, also, was to be allowed to settle in the colony. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, a great and venerable name in the history of Maine, who had become President of North Virginia under the former patent, was now most prominent in the new Council; and the next in influence and authority to him was John Mason, the virtual founder of New Hampshire. To Mason was made the first territorial grant by the Plymouth Council, being the lands between the Merrimac and Naumkeag rivers, from their sources to the sea, with all islands withiil three miles of the coast — a tract to which he gave the name Mariana. The next grant was obtained by Gorges from the Council, in order more effectually to exclude the French from the northeastern part of New England, to Sir William Alexander, Secretary of State for Scotland, under the name of NOVA SCOTIA. It was intended to designate the country simply as New Scotland, in honor of Sir William's native land ; but the charter was written in Latin, and the name was trans- lated accordingly into a form which it retains to this day. The limits of the grant (which was confirmed September 10, 162 1, by patent from the king) were from Passama- quoddy Bay through the river St. Croix, to the farthest source or spring which comes from the west; thence north in a direct course overland to the first spring that runs into the great river of Canada; thence northward unto the river and along the shores of it eastward to Gaspe; and thence by the coast, exclusive of Newfound- land and Cape Breton, around Cape Sable and across the Bay of Fundy to the place of beginning, with the islands and waters within six miles of the shore. This was an unconditional grant in fee simple to Sir William, without any provision for civil government in the patent. The country was erected, says Mr. Williamson, "into a royal palatinate, to be holden as a fief of the Scottish crown, the proprietary being invested with the royal rights and prerogatives of a count-palatine^ The two rights of soil and government being in this way originally separated, were for a long period kept distinct, and some- times in different hands. These territories must have been considered the king's Scottish dominions ; and even then it will perplex the wisest civilian to discover the justice or propriety of the tenure." This remarkable grant has been noted by Governor Joshua L. Chamberlain, in his Centennial Address on The Place of Maine in History, as the only palatinate ever established on the American continent. It will be observed that no part of the Penobscot county, and but little of any part of Eastern Maine, was included in the grant to Sir William Alexander. After- wards, however, the name Nova Scotia seems to have been applied to much of the country southwestward of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 59 the St. Croix, as we have already found that in 1656 the Lord Protector's charter to Sir Thomas Temple, then Governor of the Province, to La Tour, who had held office there under the French, and William Crown, granted "the territory sometimes called L' Accadia, and that part of the country called Nova Scotia, from Merli- quash to Penobscot, the river St. George and the Mus- congus, situated on the confines of New England." This unmistakably included the Penobscot country, and we are thus justified in the introduction of Nova Scotia as one of the geographical designations and civil juris- dictions under which this country once existed. Mr. Williamson says, however: The phraseology and terms of Cromwell's patent to La Tour, Tem- ple, and Crown, have proved to be the grounds or causes of endless confusion and severe conflicts. Both Acadia and Nova Scotia are mentioned, yet the limits and extent of them, as expressed, have long perplexed the ablest statesmen; or, in other words, the language of Cromwell's charter has been urged by opponents to show that Nova Scotia must have embraced another and greater region than what is contained in the charter to Sir William Alexander. Under this grant Sir Thomas Temple, the chief pro- prietor, in position and influence, at least, was made governor. Young La Tour exhibited no title to lands southwest of the Passamaquoddy; and Captain Leverett, then commander at Penobscot, received orders from the Protector to surrender his powers and deliver the country to Temple, who thus obtained personal jurisdiction over the whole of Eastern Maine and even to St. George's — perhaps, although concerning this there is a doubt, to the Muscongus. Before leaving England to assume com- mand of his province. Sir Thomas also bought all the La Tour rights and titles in Nova Scotia or Acadia, taking a regular assignment thereof. He arrived on the coast in 1657, and remained Proprietary Governor ten years, conducting at the same time a profitable trade with the natives and colonists. He was, Mr. Williamson avers, "a gentleman of humane and generous disposition, re- markably free from the bigotry and religious prejudices of the times. To cite an instance of his disinterestedness — when the courts of Massachusetts were trying Quaker- ism as a capital crime in 1660, he went and told them that if they, according to their own declaration, "desired the Quakers' lives absent, rather than their deaths pre- sent," he would carry and provide for them at his own expense. "Yet, and should any of them return," said he, "I will again remove them." After the Restoration, Sir Thomas was continued in office, but as Provincial Governor, and for a time ap- pears to have been regarded as the sole proprietor of the entire province. His new commission was dated July 17, 1662, and expressly gave him jurisdiction from the east- ern extremity of the great peninsula to "Muscongus, on the confines of New England," with the exclusive priv- ilege of trading with the natives in his province. But, , notwithstanding the favor with which he was treated, he was soon to lose the entire portion of his domain lying within the present limits of Maine, as will be related by and by. THE Vi^ALDO PATENT. A part of the Penobscot country, in the south of it and west of the bay and river, was included in the Muscongus or Waldo Patent, granted March 2, 1630, by the Plymouth council, to John Beauchamp, of Londoni and Thomas Leverett, of Boston, England. The ter- ritory conveyed lay between the Penobscot and Muscon- gus waters, from the seaboard to an east and west line so far north as would include a tract thirty miles square, without trespassing upon the Kennebec or other patent. This boundary, as since definitely settled, lies upon the south line of Dixmont, Hampden, and Newburg town- ships, in Penobscot county. As will be seen in our special histories of the townships, some large tracts in the southern part of this county were also included in the Muscongus Patent, in order to eke out certain de- ficiencies in the territory granted, in which Waldo county is situated. Nearly ninety years after the grant, the celebrated Waldos became principally interested in it. From them it took the name of the Waldo Patent, and is thus laid down upon the map prefixed to Sullivan's History of the District of Maine, and other old charts. The grant was originally for the purpose of Indian traffic only, and a trading-post was maintained by the owners upon St. George's river until the outbreak of the first Indian war. THE COUNTY OF CANADA. In 1635, nearly three years after Charles the First, by the Treaty of St. Germains, had surrendered to France "all the places occupied by British subjects, in New France, Acadia, and Canada," the Plymouth Council nevertheless, being then about to dissolve, separated their entire patent into twelve royal provinces. The first of these, which included the Penobscot region, covered the county between the St. Croix and Pemaquid rivers, from the head of the latter by the shortest line to the Ken- nebec, and from the point of junction upwards to its source. This tract, extending north to the forty-eighth degree, received the name of the County of Canada. It was assigned to Sir William Alexander, Earl of Ster- ling and grantee of Nova Scotia, which he had now lost by the remarkable act of Charles in the convention of St. Germains. It was provided that lots should be drawn in the presence of the king for each of the royal provinces, according to which the assignments were to be made. On the ist of April the Council notified his Majesty of their action, and prayed him to grant patents to the assignees thus ascertained, with the powers and privileges which had been granted in Maryland to Lord Baltimore. The petition was granted, and new patents were given to Lord Sterling, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, John Mason, and others. The Plymouth Coun- cil surrendered its constitution shortly after, and sub- mitted to dissolution. It was succeeded by eleven of the King's privy councillors, as Lords Commissioners of of all his American Plantations, with Gorges as Gover- nor-General of New England. Notwithstanding the new patent and the English claims, the French, under D'Aulnay de Charnisy, who has already come into our account of Acadia, established themselves upon the peninsula on the eastern side of Penobscot Bay, at a place now Castine, then called Major-biguyduce, a corruption of the Indian name. He, 6o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. says Williamson, "constructed fortifications, not far from a good harbor, which was well sheltered by islands, and from which large ships might ascend the river forty miles. He considered himself the immediate successor of Razilla [late military commander of Acadia, or Nova Scotia], and entitled to the paramount government of the great peninsula, from Cape Sable to Canseau, espe- cially at La Heve, where Razilla died; and Port Royal, where D'Aulnay himself sometimes resided; also at Passamaquoddy, where was the location of Razilla's own patent; boldly claiming, moreover, by express commis- sion from the latter, the right of command westward to Penobscot, and as much farther as the French dominions extended." He was expressly directed by the king, how- ever, to confine his jurisdiction to the country of the Etchemins, which, though somewhat indefinite, it was hoped would keep him from infringing upon the territory of his rival. La Tour. We have before recorded the story of the fruitless at- tack of the English vessel Hope, under Captain Girling, upon D'Aulnay at Penobscot. He was much disliked by the English settlers between that point and the Pis- cataqua; and their sympathies, as well as those of the authorities at Boston, now the seat of government for New England, were generally with La Tour, who was a Protestant, while D'Aulnay was a Catholic. Finally, with the indirect aid of the English, he fitted up a small fleet, with which he proceeded against D'Aulnay, who had shortly before blockaded his fortress at St. Johns, and forced him to flee to Boston. He found D'Aulnay still at the mouth of St. Johns river, attacked his vessels vigorously, and compelled him to quit the harbor, flee down the coast to Penobscot, and there run his ships aground, for the purpose of fortifying his trading-houses more promptly and thoroughly. A few miles to the northeast he had a mill, with some adjacent buildings ; and there the Massachusetts men had a brisk action with the enemy, which resulted in some loss on each side. The expedition then returned to Boston, with a vessel captured from D'Aulnay, laden with valuable furs. Soon afterwards, a party of prominent settlers from the plantations below the Penobscot, on their way to the St. Johns, to collect moneys due from La Tour, were forcibly detained for some days by D'Aulnay; in re- venge for which one of them — Wannerton, of New Hampshire — presently led a party against the French- man's farm-house at Penobscot, captured and fired it, and killed D'Aulnay's cattle, but lost his own Hfe in the transaction. D'Aulnay was now thoroughly enraged, and issued commissions for the seizure of every colony vessel found east of the Penobscot. He was soon obliged, however, to acknowledge that he had been hasty, and sent a commissioner to Boston to negotiate a treaty. Several articles were adopted, October 8, 1644, and temporary peace established. The next year he violated both the treaty and his sovereign's instructions to main- tain peace with the English, sailed for La Tour's strong- nold at the St. Johns early in the spring, making prize New England vessel on the way, and began a Dorabardment of the fort. This was now defended by the wife of La Tour, a lady of great energy and cour- age, under whose command so stout a resistance was made that D'Aulnay was soon compelled to draw off, with twenty of his force killed, thirteen wounded and his ship so much disabled as to be in imminent danget of going to the bottom. In 1646 another treaty was made by D'Aulnay with the authorities at Boston; but again, in April of the next year, attacked La Tour's fort at St. John's, and was this time successful. His en- emy's wife was made a prisoner; the rest of the garrison massacred, it is said; and a large amount of plunder, probably worth over ^^10,000, carried to Penobscot. Madame La Tour, borne also to D'Aulnay's capital, died there within three weeks, of grief and the shame of de- feat and imprisonment. The latter himself ended a troubled career in 165 1, and, strange to say, the following year the fortunes of the rival houses were united by the marriage of La Tour and D'Aulnay's widow. Mr. Williamson thus sums up the results of the an- tagonism of La Tour and these belligerent Gauls, and of the residence of D'Aulnay at Penobscot: Twelve years' predatory warfare between two ambitious rivals, tlie subjects of the same crown, produced effects highly injurious to the settlements in the Province of Maine, and the plantations farther east- ward. Sometimes - they committed great wrongs, and even depreda- tions ; their menaces frequently excited alarming apprehensions ; free trade was interrupted ; and it was always difficult for the people so to adjust their conduct by the maxims and rules of prudence as to keep themselves out of the quarrel. The principles of D' Aulnay's great and boasted honor were uniform- ly the servants of passion or interest. He furnished the natives with fire-arms and amunition, and taught them the great power and use of the gun. His priesthood, consisting wholly of firiars, made the savages believe that Catholic rites and ceremonies were the essentials of religion, and that the dictates of the missionaries were equivalent to the precepts of divine authority ; whereas the orthodox Puritans careful- ly withheld from the Indians the hunting-gun, so necessary among them to obtain the supports of savage life, while their pious missiona- ries very honestly instructed them that real religion consisted in regen- erating the affections of the heart, in the immaculate purities of life, and in the practices and dispositions towards others which we would wish them to exhibit towards us. But these were refinements which the untutored, unenlightened savages could not understand. The usages of retaliation had acquired a kind of sanc- tity among them which they believed Nature herself tolerated. Indul- gences and superstitious forms, as allowed by the priests, were alto- gether more accordant with their notions and habits then the self-deny- ing doctrines of restraint and the rigid precepts of reform, as taught by the Protestant missionaries. Since this region had been in the occupancy of the French, neither the settlements at Penobscot, at Mount Desert, at Machias, at St. Croix, nor the place eastward, had flourished. Most of the French emigrants were ignorant, poor, and unenterprising ; the government was of a despotic military character ; and the commanders, as we have seen , were perpetually contending. The social regulations were under the direction of the ecclesiastics ; rights and wrongs were not treated nor regarded in a proper manner ; and no man of good sense and in- telligence dwells contentedly where life and property are insecure." La Tour had now undivided sway over the County of Canada. It was, however, simply a military com- mand, without any civil powers or jurisdiction. It was, says Williamson, "destitute of every property directly promotive of settlement, for arms and civil liberties are regulated by different laws." His dominion was regarded with much distrust and jealousy by the Englisli, and in 1653 the General Court of Massachusetts prohibited the transportation of supplies either to the French or the Dutch, with the latter of whom England was then at HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. war. A small cargo of flour and other necessaries was presently allowed to La Tour, as his good-will and the influence of the Catholic missionaries might yet be ser- viceable to New England. The end came, however, the next year, in the reduction of Nova Scotia, including the capture of Penobscot, by Cromwell's ships, as previously narrated. The following year, 1655, the whole Acadian Province, with the County of Canada within it, was con- firmed in English occupancy and sovereignty. La Tour, who, shortly before, had apostalize'd- from Protestantism and become a Catholic, in consideration of the confirm- ation of the province to him by the French Crown — a man, says Williamson, "of equivocal character, either Catholic or Protestant, as was most concomitant with in- terest" — died soon after the capture of his domain, leav- ing one son and an immense territorial estate, which was made by Stephen D' La Tour, his son, the basis of claims upon the English Government that were recogni- zed by Cromwell in the grant to him, jointly with Sir Thomas Temple and William Crown, Englishmen, of "L'Accadia" and the country from Merliquash, or Lun- enburg, to the Muscongus. THE TERRITORY OF SAGADAHOCK. During the thirteen years' occupancy of Acadia, or Nova Scotia, by the English, between the conquest under Cromwell and the recession to the French by the treaty of Breda, the province was mostly under the gov- ernorship of Sir Thomas Temple, as has been related in our closing paragraphs concerning Nova Scotia. In 1664, soon after the Restoration, Charles, having revived the project of an American empire, with twelve royal principalities or provinces, and the county of Canada being now extinct, made an extensive grant to his brother James, Duke of York and Albany, from whose title New York and its capital derive their names. The patent conveyed all the Dutch territories upon the Hudson, with Long Island, and likewise "all that part of the mainland in New England, next adjoining to New Eng- land ; thence extending along the seacoast to a place called Pemaquid, and up the river thereof to its farthest head, as it tendeth northward ; thence at the nearest to the river Kennebeck ; and so upwards, by the shortest course to the river Canada, northward." This tract not only cut a great tract out of the domain of Sir Thomas Temple, but also encroached upon the Plymouth terri- tories about tl\e headwaters of the Sheepscot and the Damariscotta, and included the whole of the Muscongus (later Waldo) patent, before mentioned, with a large part of the Pemaquid patent and the Brown and Tappan right, which had been granted from time to time by the Plymouth Council, and the islands along the seaboard above Pemaquid, of which ' some were now inhabited. Nevertheless, the sweeping grant seems to have been maintained in its integrity for about a quarter of a cen- tury, or until the duke ascended the throne as James IL, when it reverted to the crown. That part of it in the Northeast was designated by different names. It was popularly known as the Duke of York's Property or Province, but by his agents was called New Castle, a name also given to the southwestern part of the duke's patent on the Delaware, where it is still preserved. They further termed it the County of Cornwall. But the fittest name for it is that by which it is best known in history — the Territory of the Sagadahock. Long afterwards, un- der William and Mary's charter of October 7, 1691 — the famous " Provincial Charter " — the Province of Sag- adahock was constituted between the river of that name and the St. Croix, as will be more fully related hereafter. The Duke of York became viceroy of the king over his American possessions. Under him Colonel Richard Nichols, after the subjugation by him of the Dutch at Manhattan, became Deputy Governor of the Province, including the Territory of Sagadahock. A royal com- mission was appointed April 15, 1664, consisting of Nichols, Sir Robert Carr, who was also a commander in the expedition against the Dutch, George Cartwright, and Samuel Maverick, " to settle the peace and security of the country " — which meant mainly the recognition of the Duke's authority and that of the Commission in Massachusetts and Maine. After a rather troublous time with the General Court at Boston and the exercise of much despotic authority in the towns and plantations between that place and Eastern Maine, they crossed into the Territory of the Sagadahock and opened a court September 5, 1865, at the dwelling of John Mason, on the east bank of the Sheepscott. Here they summoned the inhabitants of the several settlements to present them- selves and formally submit themselves to His Majesty's Government, within the duke's patent. Only twenty- nine persons, whose names are given by Sullivan and Wil- liamson, appeared in response to this summons. They comprised, the latter thinks, but a minor part of the whole number of settlers between the Sagadahock and the Pen- obscot, and, we may add, none north or east of the latter river. A chief constable for the county was appointed, also three magistrates or justices of the peace, and a re- corder. No regular government was instituted, howerer, — no legislation, trial by jury, or other element of an en- lightened and thorough-going administraiion. Assur- ances were given the people that their possessions and rights should not be disturbed, although no sufficient means were provided for the redress of wrongs, and the policy was revived in all conveyances, whether by the duke's agents or the planters, of incumbering them with quit-rents. A treaty was negotiated with the Indians, which contained judicious provisions for the settlement of difficulties and the prevention of hostilities between them and the whites. In early October the commis- sioners went back to York, where their high-handed measures, which we need not recapitulate, soon awakened the most vivid and widespread indignation. The colon- ists in the Northeast were not rid of them altogether until the next year, when a new war between France and England broke out. At the close of this, by the treaty of Breda, Nova Scotia, including the Penobscot country, was restored to the French, and passed under the gov- ernment of De Bourg, who claimed jurisdiction over the whole of the duke's Eastern patent, even as far as the Kennebec river. This claim was not admitted by Massa- chusetts, however, and a new survey of the north line of 62 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the Plymouth patent, made in 1672, carried it three miles northward of the previous location, and brought it to White Head island, in Penobscot Bay. The next year the Dutch recaptured New York, and the Duke of York was thus left with a very small jurisdiction within his former vast patent. A new county, between the Sagada- hock and St. George's rivers, the new north line, and the seacoast, was erected by the General Court of Massa- chusetts, and called Devonshire, with a full equipment of officers. But the succeeding year, 1674, by another turn of fortune's wheel, the province of New York was restored to the English, and a new patent issued to the duke, embracing all the territories described in the pat- ent of ten years before. Sir Edmund Andros was ap- pointed Governor of New York and Sagadahock. No disturbance was made, however, by either the duke's officers or the French, of the hew County of Devonshire, in which the authority of the General Court remained paramount, and the administration of justice went on regularly and tranquilly. A project was started at one time to alienate to the crown the whole territory between the Merrimac and the Penobscot, in order to create of it a royal province for the Duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. The duke himself was fully bent upon this scheme, from which he expected to derive an annual income of ;£5,c>oo, but it was never consummated. In August, 1663, Colonel Thomas Dungan succeeded Andros, by appointment of the duke, as Governor of New York and Sagadahock. He appointed two com- missioners, John Palmer and John West, to manage the affairs of the county of Cornwall, who behaved very badly, and attempted to exercise jurisdiction as far as to the St. Croix. They seized a cargo of wines landed at the French port at Penobscot, because duties had not been paid at the Pemaquid custom-house, and were guilty of many other high-handed acts. Their authority and that of Dungan in the Sagadahock country, was suspend- ed or nullified by the appointment of Andros in 1789, as Governor of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hamp- shire, Maine, Plymouth, Pemaquid, and Narragansett (or Rhode Island). February 16, 1685, the viceroyalty of the Duke of York in America was ended by his ascent of the throne as James II., upon the death of his brother. We hear little more of his Territory of Sagadahock. The French had generally undisputed possession east of the Penob- scot, and established one of their forts upon the bay. De Bourg was acting Governor; Jesuit missionaries, traders, and settlers were at and about Penobscot in considerable number, and a profitable trade with the natives was carried on, while " the whole coast between Penobscot and St. Croix remained untouched by the arts of culture and improvement, and almost without inhabitants." THE COUNTY OF CORNWALL. The facts relating to the erection of this county are these: Upon the organization of the General Assembly of the Province of New York in 1683, and the subdivis- ion of the Province into counties, "Pemy Quid and all Territories in those Parts, with the Islands adjoining," were ordered to constitute the county of Cornwall, which should be entitled to send one member to the Assembly. Under this provision Gyles Goddard, of New Dartmouth, represented the county for a time. He was also a jus- tice of the county and lieutenant of "a foot company" in the militia — also afterwards surveyor. It is said that there was a re-enactment of the ordinance by the New York Assembly October i, 1691,* although the fort and country about Pemaquid were surrendered to Massachu- setts by the royal order September 19, 1686. THE DUTCH AT PENOBSCOT. In 1674 the Dutch, having concluded a treaty with England, but being still at war with France and anxious, as they had been for a long time, to share the fishing and other advantages of the North American coasts with the English and French, sent a vessel to sieze the fort at Penobscot. It was captured without much loss, but was soon voluntarily relinquished. Again, however, in the spring of 1676, a Dutch man-of-war appeared be- fore the fort and compelled its surrender. It was the in- tention now to maintain firm possession of the Penob- scot country; but, as the fort was held to be within the Duke of York's patent, and so in New England, a small fleet was dispatched from Boston, which soon forced the intruders to abandon the position. The singular part of the transaction is that the English themselves did not re- main as masters of the situation, but at once after the reduction of the place abandoned it. As a consequence of these events, however, it is said that Andros was in- duced the next year to build a fort a Pemaquid and take formal possession of the whole Eastern domain granted to his superior, the Duke of York. It is one of the in- teresting facts of Penobscot history that the country was for a period, though a very short one, virtually under the government of the Netherlands. THE PROVINCE OF SAGADAHOCK. William and Mary succeeded to the English throne February 16, 1689, upon the abdication of James II. The next year Nova Scotia was recaptured for England by an expedition under Sir William Phips, a native of the Province of Maine, born at Woolwich, upon the Sheeps- • cot. Out of the southwestern part of it was carved, Oc- tober 7, 1691, by the Provincial Charter of William and Mary, a tract described by no specific name, but which came to be known, probably from the Duke of York's Eastern grant, as the Province of Sagadahock. It was defined as "between the river Sagadahock [or Kenne- beck] and Nova Scotia," extending "northward to the river of Canada," and included the second of the Royal Provinces of 1635, that between the Sagadahoc and Pe- maquid, and the first, or county of Canada, stretching thence to the St Croix. The new province with Massa- chusetts, Plymouth, and the Province of Maine unitedly form the Royal Province of Massachusetts Bay. Acadia, or Nova Scotia, was included in the charter, but exclu- ♦ Mr. WilUamson (History of Maine, i., 421) avers that the King's commissioners for settling (rather unsettling) the affairs of New Eng- land, "erected the whole territory into a county, by the name of Corn- wall," upon their coming hither in 1665. We have taken the more cir- cumstantial statement from a later and perhaps better authority. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 63 sive jurisdiction over it was eventually conceded by Mas- sachusetts to the crown. "All islands and inlets lying within ten leagues directly opposite the mainland with- in the said bounds," were embraced in the charter, but all English subjects were to have a common right of fishery upon the coast or "in any arms of the sea or still- water rivers." Sir William Phips was commissioned the first Royal Governor. The events in the Penobscot country during the terrible Indian war have been related in our chapter upon the Indians. In 1693, as prepara- tions for another war were beginning, the fort at Penob- scot was temporarily in the posession of the French, with the Sieur de Villieu resident commander. It was at this place, October 14, 1697, that the commissioners from Massachusetts met the Indians and arranged prelimina- ries of peace. In 1697, both France and Massachusetts — the former by the Treaty of Ryswick, as included in "Acadia," and the latter by its charter — claimed the Sagadahock Prov- ince. The next summer the English fishing-vessels were warned off the coast and out of the Gulf of Maine. No bloodshed resulted, however, until Queen Anne's war with France, declared May 4, 1702. In the Tre.3,ty of Utrecht, March 30, 1713, the dispute was quieted by the concession to the English of "all Nova Scotia, or Acadia, with its ancient boundaries." From this time the fee to the ungranted lands in the Province remained in the Crown, while the civil jurisdiction was vested in Massachusetts. In 1729, one Colonel David Dunbar succeeded in getting the entire Province into his hands, by royal proclamation, with instructions to settle, super- intend, and govern it, and with scarcely any other condi- tion than that he should preserve within it 300,000 acres of the best pine and oak-timbered land, for the use of the Crown. He made some considerable improvements between the Sheepscot and Muscongus rivers, but his ar- bitrary conduct soon caused discontent, which resulted in his downfall in 1732. He retained his office, how- ever, of Lieutenant Governor of New Hampshire, until his return to England in 1737. In 1737, the white population of Sagadahock, embrac- ing Georgetown, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Townshend, Harrington, Walpole, Broad Bay, and St. George's River, was estimated at 1500. There were then within the present limits of Maine about 7,000 people of civilized stock. It will be observed that none of the localities named was within the Penobscot valley; and the subse- quent history of the Sagadahock Province has little con- cern with the purpose of this History. It endured for a number of years longer, and then was absorbed into other geographical subdivisions. "new IRELAND." We anticipate the course of history, chronologically re- , garded, a little in the mention of this, in order to close this chapter properly with an account of the erection of the Province, and then of the State, of Maine. In 1780, a proposition was set on foot for the erection of a British Province covering the territory between the Pe- nobscot and the St. Croix, to be called "New Ireland," and to have Bagaduce, now Castine, for its capital. It was expected that the loyalists or Tories from the Ameri- can colonies, who had already settled along the coast in considerable number, would colonize the province. Thomas Oliver, a graduBte of Harvard College and for- merly Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, was to be its Governor, and the principal officers of the new state were nominated. The British Ministry and the King gave their approval to the scheme, and an attempt would doubtless have been made to carry it into effect, had not the Attorney-General delivered the opinion that the char- tered rights of Massachusetts Bay did not end at the Pe- nobscot, as held by the ministry, but extended to the St. Croix, and would be infringed by the establishment of " New Ireland." With this decision the project re- ceived its quietus. MAINE. The charter granted by Charles the First to Sir Fer- inando Gorges, dated April 3, 1639, erected the province or county of Mayne. Some of the writers affirm that it took its name from the province of Meyne, in France, said to have been owned by the queen, Henrietta Maria; but it has been demonstrably shown that this was no part of her estate, and it is equally well settled that the an- cient name for the mainland, as distinguished from the islands off the shore, was taken for the new province. It did not comprehend the whole of the present State of Maine, nor any part of the Penobscot country. Its boundaries, beginning at the mouth of the Piscataqua, ran up that river and through Newichawannock and Fall River northeastwardly one hundred and twenty miles; from Piscataqua harbor along the coast to the Sagadahoc; up that river and the Kennebec one hund- red and twenty miles; and thence overland to the north end of the line first defined. The charter included also the islands and inlets within five leagues of the shore between the Piscataqua and the Sagadahoc, the north half of the Isles of Shoals, and the islands Capawo'ck and Nantican (supposed to be Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket) near Cape Cod. Gorges, with his heirs and assignees, were created absolute Lords Proprietors of the province, reserving only to the crown supreme do- minion, faith, and allegiance, and the right to exact a yearly tribute of a quarter of wheat and one-fifth of the avails of pearl fisheries and from gold or silver mines — the revenue from which sources at that time must have been small indeed. Thomas Gorges was appointed deputy-governor; and Messrs. Richard Vines and Rich- ard Bonythan, of Saco; Henry Joscelyn, of Black Point; Francis Chamfernon and Edward Godfrey, of Piscataqua, afterwards Kitlery; and William Hook, of Agamenticus, were made councillors of the province. It is not at all the purpose of this History to follow the existence of the Province of Maine through its troubled years. So much of its beginning has been in- troduced here, in order to preface appropriately the story of that great subdivision of New England, bearing the same name in part, which came finally to include the Penobscot region. The Province of Maine (formally purchased by Mas- sachusetts from Sir Ferdinando Gorges in 1677, for 64 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ^1,250,) with its ancient boundaries, but separated into the three counties of York, Cumberland and Lincoln, endured until about half the period of the Revolution war was spent, when the "District of Maine" was erected by act of Congress. The immediate occasion for the change resided in the appellate jurisdiction over all mari- time causes, which the State of Massachusetts had con- ceded to Congress, or the tribunals that might be created by it, and had authorized an appeal from the State courts in any case where the subject of a foreign power at peace with the United States claimed a captured or lib- elled vessel or cargo. The right of appeal could be waived, however, and final trial had in the Superior Court of Massachusetts. Congress accordingly, in 1778, divided the State, for judicial purposes, into three dis- tricts — the southern, middle and northern, whereof the last constituted the District of Maine. Timothy Lang- don, Esq., of Wiscasset, named by Mr. Williamson as "a lawyer of considerable eminence," was appointed judge of the district ; and Mr. Nathaniel Thwing, of Wool- wich, clerk. Twelve years afterwards, when the census of 1790 ex- hibited a population in Maine of 96,530, Maine was "for many purposes," to quote Williamson's phrase, "re- cognized by Federal authority as a district, and as if it were a separate State." It was, says the historian, "more expressly formed into a district, and jurisdiction assumed over all its affairs belonging to the National Government. Such, among many, were light-houses — the single one in Maine, at Portland Head, and the appurtenant lands, be- ing ceded to the United States. All the coasts and ports in Maine were classed into nine commercial districts, in each of which there were appointed a collector and other custom-house officers." The collector appointed for the Penobscot district was John Lee; for Frenchman's Bay, Melatiah Jordan. A new District Court was created, with David Sewall judge; William Lithgow, jr., of Hallowell, United States attor- ney; Henry Dearborn, of Pittston, marshal; and Henry Sewall, clerk. Full jurisdiction over uhe District of Maine, except in the matters delegated to the General Government, was maintained by the commonwealth of Massachusetts, until the State of Maine was formed, the latest-born of all States of the Union upon the Atlantic seaboard, save Florida. Agitation for the separation of Maine from Massachusetts began almost at once upon the close of the Revolutionary war. Mr. Williamson says: The want of a distinct government had been often felt during the late war, and was still recollected. As the State debt was large, there must be heavy taxes through a series of years, which most men would like to avoid. An excessive thirst for superfluities was draining the country of money, while thousands were poor and perplexed with debts. These, and such as had everything to gain and nothing to lose, were incUned to try an experiment. There were, however, advocates of the measure among all classes— men of probity, wealth, and intelli- gence, who believed a separate administration would be of essential benefit to every portion and interest of the community. Some of the greatest opponents were men in office, and all of them could present plausible and correct pleas that the generous favors and provident care which the people of Maine had at all times received from the State Gov- ernment ought to silence complaint, and that by a separation at the present juncture, the vigor and force indispensable to the protection and security of the district would be essentially weakened, if not alto- gether paralyzed. It is an incident of special interest that the first news- paper published in the State — the Falmouth Gazette, started January i, 1785 — was established to concentrate and promote the expression of public opinion in behalf of separation. A preliminary convention was held at Falmouth, October 5 th, of the same year, at which an address to the people of the district was voted, and a call issued for a delegate convention, to meet January 4, 1786, to consider further the question of separation! We need not follow the agitation and discussion through the next third of a century. The fullness of time for the rising Commonwealth of the Northeast ar- rived in 1819. The Democratic newspapers and poli- ticians now generally advocated separation; the Federalists as generally opposed it. Nevertheless towns in the dis- trict petitioned the General Court, in May, for separation. A law was approved June 19th, subniitting to the voters of Maine the question: "Is it expedient that the Dis- trict shall become a separate and independent State upon the terms and conditions provided in 'an Act relating to the separation of the District of Maine from Massachus- etts proper, and forming the same into a separate and independent State'?" On the fourth Monday of July the people responded "yes" by a vote of 17,091 to 7,r32. October nth, a convention assembled in Pott- land, and proceeded with the preparation of a constitution for the new State. It was approved by popular vote in town meetings on the first Monday in December, and application was promptly made to Congress for admission into the Federal Union. Many weeks df delay were caused by the agitation in that body concerning the ex- tension of slavery, arising from the contemporaneous appeal of Missouri for admission, which resulted in the famous Missouri compromise. All obstacles were cleared by the 3d of March, 1820, when the act for the admis- sion of Maine was passed, and on the r5th of that month and year she became a sovereign State. The intelligence was received in Bangor with great satisfaction and general gratulation. On the day when separation became finally an accomplished fact, a salute of three guns was fired at daylight, another of thirteen at sunrise, and eleven more at noon. We reserve for another chapter some account of the county organizations affecting the Penobscot country. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. BIOGRAPHIGAL SKETCH. GOVERNOR PLAISTED. General Harris M. Plaisted, of Bangor, Governor of the State, was born in Jefferson, New Hampshire, No- vember 2, 1828, son of Deacon William and Nancy (Merrill) Plaisted. His parents possessed little of this world's goods beyond the resources of a rocky farm with- in the shadow of the White Mountains, but to their chil- dren they left a rich inheritance in their exertiplary lives of industry unremitting, and of piety most pure and sin- cere. For nearly forty years they were members and pil- lars of the Baptist Church in Jefferson. The father died in 1854, and the mother two years later. Noticing his death the local paper (Coos Democrat) said of him: He was a good man, and true in all his relations of life; a good husband and father; a good citizen and an honest man. Scarcely have we ever known one whose character was so positive, and whose life was so earnest, so Universally respected and beloved by all who knew him. We never heard a word spoken, we never heard of a word spoken, to his dispraise — not even one of those little qualifying words, ' ' but " or " if, " so often used to cloud commendations that can but be rendered. General Plaisted was one of a family of nine children, six sons and three daughters— three of whom, besides .himself, made their homes in Maine — Hon. William Plaisted, of Lincoln, who has been a member of the State Senate from this county; Dr. Plaisted, late of Farming- ton, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- phia, and surgeon of a Maine regiment during the war ; Mrs. Church, deceased wife of Cyrus P. Church, Esq., of Bradford. One son, Charles, is now living in Lancaster, New Hampshire, who has represented his town in the New Hampshire Legislature. General Plaisted comes of good legal as well as fight ing stock. His grandfather, the Hon. Samuel Plaisted, was for several years Judge of the New Hampshire Court of Common Pleas, and a native of Berwick, in this State; was descended from Colonel John Plaisted, of Ports- mouth, who was a member of the New Hampshire As- sembly from 1693 to 1727; Speaker in 1697, 1717, and 1727; a member of the Royal Council from 1702 to 1716; a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1699 to 1719, and Chief Justice in 1716-19. The father of Colonel John was Captan Roger Plaisted, a distinguished officer in the Indian wars that make so dark a chapter in the early history of New England. Roger came to Berwick about 1650, and was killed in battle with the Indians October 17, 1675. The savages, about one hundred and fifty, made an attack on the settlement, and were stoutly resisted by Captain Plaisted in command of the two up- per garrisons. At the first alarm he sent a messenger to Major Waldron, at Dover, New Hampshire, importunate- ly beseeching aid; "for," said he, "we are all in great danger of being slain unless our God doth wonderfully appear for us," and, in the true spirit of the age, added : "They that cannot fight let them pray." No assistance came to him, but in the fight the next day his desperate resistance saved the settlement, though at terrible cost. " Being greatly over matched," says the historian, "some of his men sought safety in flight, but he, disdaining to fly or yield, though urged again and again to surrender, fought with desperate courage until literally hewed down by the enemy's hatchets. Two of his sons, unwilling to leave the intrepid man, sought their retreat too late and were slain. Such being the fate of this Spartan family, whose intrepidity deserves a monument more durable than marble. The father had represented Kittery four years in the General Court, and was highly respected for his uncommon valor, worth, and piety. He and his sons were buried on his own land near the battle-ground, full in view from the highway leading through Berwick; whose lettered tombstone tells succeeding ages: 'Near this place lies buried the body of Roger Plaisted, who was killed by the Indians October 17, 1675; ^g^554 cast for Hon. Daniel F. Davis. January 13, i88t, he was inaugurated Governor of the State for two years. The Legislature elected at the same time is Republican. Among the public acts of Governor Plaisted, which ex- cited general discussion, were his inaugural address, his vetoes of thirty-one bills for the re-charter of State banks of issue, and his veto of the bill to apportion the State for Senators and Representatives. Governor Plaisted cast his last vote for the Republican ticket in 1878. He had previously taken his stand pub- licly in favor of Government currency as against bank currency. He is opposed to all banks of issue and in favor of Government issues to constitute, with gold and silver, the entire circulating medium of the country. The following extract from his inaugural address to the Legis- lature presents the issues upon which he was elected: HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Debt, public and private ; debt and taxation are slowly but surely undermining our free institutions. Government bonds not only escape taxation themselves, but they furnish a cover for all other kinds of evi- dences of debt that at« taxable. This double iniquity must be borne so long as United States bonds are endured. It would seem that the prop- osition to refund the seven or eight hundred millions of United States bonds now maturing, could meet with but little favor by the mass of the people in this State; that their interests demanded that these bonds should be paid, not refunded to remain a burden for a generation at least, and perhaps for generations. Then that other proposition be- fore the American Congress, to retire and destroy the 346,000,000 legal tender notes,— bum them, so that out ol their ashes may arise a like amount of interest-bearing bonds to further tax the labor and industry of the country ! Would it not be more in accordance with the interest of the toiling masses in this country, to require the National banks to retire their cuixency, some over three hundred millions, and replace it with United States legal tenders, and thereby pay off a like amount of United States bonds, burn them up and thus relieve the people of so much burden of interest, and above all, from the baneful influence of these bonds upon the currency and business of the country ? The Treasurer of the United States in his last report says: "In- stead of the volume of the circulation being regulated by the business needs of the country, it is governed by. the price of United States bonrls !" The power that controls the volume of the people's money is certain to control the people's destinies. This question of the currency is one about which honest men may honestly differ. It is an important question. Its decision will be of far reaching consequence. If the bank currency win the wole field of circulation, then we shall have a never ending national debt, mam- tained by the banks as the basis of their existence; yes, fostered by them as "a national blessing" — to the banks, ever increoisihg in num- ber and power as the country increases in wealth and population, and certain to become, if not so already, a political machine, hostile to free government, mingling in the elections and legislation of the country, corrupting the press and exerting its influence in the only way known to the money power — by corruption. But it is claimed that this bond policy is demanded in the interest of idle capital; that it is necessary to furnish "an opportunity for the safe investment of idle capital." These safe investments for idle capital are destructive, not only of the industries, but of the morals of the people. As they render the trade of the, money lender the most profit- able business, they tend to create a race of idlers, misers, and cowards who will never take any chances with labor in the productive industries while this opportunity lor safe investment and exemption from tax- ation is open to them. They take no risks. The Vanderbilts, with iens of millions of United States bonds, spending the interest in Eu- rope, and the tens of thousands of lesser bondholders, who produce nothing and do nothing except clip coupons, what are they to this country and its industries but a class of gilded paupers supported by the labor of the country? We have in this country five thousand persons who own and possess five millions of property, mostly accumulated within the last fifteen years, and that, too, through unequal laws. Twenty years ago a mil- lionaire in this country was as rare as a prince, and so was a tramp. According to Poor's Manual on Railroads, the number of miles of railroads in operation in this country increased from 9,000 in 1851 to 86,500 miles in 1879; and the gross earnings from $36,000,000 in 1851 to $529,000,000 in 1879. These facts serve to illustrate the most start- ling development of the age — the development of corporate power. The presidents of the great trunk lines in this country control prop- erty, three of them, valued at $1,818,000,000; and three others prop- erty valued at $943,000,000. These great trunk lines have been in the habit of combining, and raising and lowering rates, _not according to business principles, but ac- cording to their selfish interests. It is liotorious that the change of these rates in a single week recently added $5,000,000 per week to the burdens of the people, and put many times that amount into the hands of Eastern holders of grain, some of whom were railroad directors. How, then, can any reflecting mind, any patriot, contemplate with- out anxious concern, the tendency of the legislation of this country to create such rapid accumulation of property in the hands of the few at the expense of the many ? "The freest government," says Webster, "cannot long endure, where the tendency of the law is to create a rapid accumulation of property in a lew hands, and to render the masses of the people poor and dependent" Universal suffrage and great landed estates cannot long exist together, for either the owners of the estates must restrict the right of suffrage, or that right of suffrage will in the end divide their estates. Is it not time we paused in our career, and reviewed our principles?. Our institutions were founded upon equality, or rather, grew out of equality — that condition of comparative equality as to property that characterized the early settlers of New England. They brought with them no great capital, and, fortunately for humanity, there was noth- ing here productive, to tempt investments. If one millionaire had come over in the Mayflower, he would have blasted the prospects of a continent; for ours, then, would have been a government not to pro- tect labor but capital. Capital would have shaped it. Our ancestors came here all upon an equality as to property, or rather as to poverty. But the lands were all open and free to them. They entered into possession and established the town system, the hundred acre lot sys- tem, the district school system, and upon this foundation they buitded their free and Christian Republic. All were tillers of the soil, farmers — not tenant farmers, but freeholders, having absolute dominion over their acres, recognizing no man as lord or master, no power between them and the God they worshipped. They were lords and sovereign's themselves, and if we are a nation of sovereigns to-day it is only so far as we are a nation of freeholders. When these sovereigns got to- gether to form a government what kind of a government could they form ? Only that under which all were equals, all were sovereigns. They could not have formed any other if they had tried. It was this il^cessary act of parceling out the land into small freeholds, "that fixed the future frame and form of their government." Our New England ancestors not only began their system of govern- ment under a condition of comparative equality as to property^ but all their laws were of a nature to favor and perpetuate that equality. This is undoubtedly the true principle of legislation. Any system of legisla- tion, therefore, that tends to destroy this happy equality, wipe out the small free-holds and centralize the ownership of land in the hands of the few, not only destroys the prospeiity and independence of the people, but strikes at the very foundation of our republic; There is nothing in this country so sacred as the free-hold. It was the immediate parent of our free-school system and constitutes the essential condition of its exis- tence, for in a country of great landed estates the district school system is as impossible as it is unknown. At the foundation of our free system, therefore, lies the principle of equality, and it is only upon that principle it can be preserved ; for it can rest in the love of all only as it rests in the interests of all. Move it from this basis of equality and our temple of liberty falls, and then who shall raise up its shapely columns again? It is only by a happy concur- rence of the most fortunate circumstances our Constitution was framed and adopted. No other people, no other country, no other age was equal to the work. How far above the powers of the American people to-day is such an achievement? We should know, since we are not able to supply its one little defect, in relation to counting the electoral votes. The wisdom and patriotism of Congress is unequal to the task, though urged to it by every consideration of public safety. No, if our experiment of free government shall fail from the earth, it will be the knell of popular liberty the world over and for all time. Cicero, in one of his orations, is led off into a panegyric upon the Roman Constitution. How apt are his words, when applied to our im- maculate charter, the crowning glory of the Revolution,— that master- piece of human invention, at once the wonder and hope of the world,— the Constitution under which we live! for, says the g'reat orator, "0 wonderful system and discipline of government which we have received from our fathers! — let US preserve it." General Plaisted married, September 21, 1858, Sarah J., daughter of Chase P. and Mary J. (Clough) Mason, of Waterville. They had three sons— Harold Mason, a recent graduate of the State- College, and now messenger to the Governor and Council; Frederick William, a pupil in the Bangor high school, and Ralph Parker, also in the public schools of this city. Mrs. Plaisted died October 25, 1875, and on the 27th of September, 1881, the Gov- ernor was again married, this time to Mabel True, daughter of Hon. Francis W. and Sarah A. (True) Hill, of Exeter, in this county, and grand-daughter of Colonel Francis Hill. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 65 CHAPTER V. COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. The Seventeenth Century— First White Settlements in Maine — A Possible French Fort on the Penobscot in the Sixteenth Century— The Plymouth Pilgrims at Castine— The Earthquake of 1638— Re- ports and Statistics of Growth— Castine Village— The Old Fort- Baron de St. Castine — Other Inhabitants o'f Pentagoet — Castine the Younger— First English Settlers on the Penobscot. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. The first permanent settlements upon the present soil- of Maine were made upon Arrowsick Island and the mainland about the Sagadahoc river, and at Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Pemaquid, and the St. George's river, as early as 161 3. A permanent settlement was begun about this time at the mouth of the Saco. Monhegan, says Williamson, "was permanently peopled about the year 1622." But Bryant & Gay's History holds Bidde- ford and Saco, planted by Richard Vines and John Old- ham in 1630, to be the most decided beginnings of set- tlements in Maine. Four years previously, the New Plymouth colonists had followed their trading ventures up and at the mouth of the Kennebec with the erection of a "truck-house" at Penobscot, where they began trade with the Tarratine Indians. It was the first English trading-house in the Penobscot waters. Governor Sullivan, in his History of the District of Maine, says there were at this time eighty-four families, besides fishermen, about Sheepscot, Pemaquid, and St. George's. Reasoning from this datum, Mr. Williamson thinks that in 1636 the whole number of whites betwee'n Piscataqua and Penobscot must have exceeded 1,400, and might possibly have reached 100 more. In 1653, from the data supplied by the submission made by the five towns of Maine to Massachusetts, the same writer estimates : "If there were 250 families in the five towns, and fifty farms on the Isles of Shoals, at seven in a family, the whole number of persons would be 2,100." Eleven years after this, or in the year 1664, when the Geographical and Historical Description of North America was published by Monsieur Denys, he said: "The French have a fort on the east side of the Penob- scot Bay; and on the other hand the English are set- tled in great numbers, and have a large country cleared and under improvement." The next year, when the Royal Commissioners are said to have erected the Duke of York's Sagadahoc Territory into the County of Corn- wall, the settlements along the coast are believed by Wil- liamson to have comprised "probably 300 families;" though Sullivan finds but 145 in 1673. In the later year a census of "Acadia" was taken by the French authori- ties; but we get from it no statistics as to the territory now occupied by Maine, except of the Baron de Cas- tine's settlement on Penobscot Bay, which had thirty-one white persons, including the soldiers of the garrison. The next year the outbreak of King Philip's War led to an enrollment of the militia, which appears rather to have been estimated than exactly aseertained, if one may judge by the "round numbers" in which returns were made. From these, however, it may be ascer- tained, with reasonable certainty, that the white popu- lation between the Piscataqua and the Penobscot numbered 5,000 to 6,000. Leaving out, however, "Dev- onshire" and the settlements west of the Sagadahoc, the "residue of the Duke's patent" was returned as con- taining but fifty men capable of bearing arms. The statement of Captain Sylvanus Davis, however, then a resident agent on the Sagadahoc and extensively ac- quainted with the settlers, is that there were this year (1675) 158 families east of that river. But there was not yet, nor until eighty-five years thereafter, a single permanent white settler on the bank of the Penobscot. The next year the total population of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the Maine and Sagadahoc Provinces, was but 150,000 souls. This is the statement of Mr. Wil- liamson, who cites some older authorities. Mr. Palfrey (History of New England) scouts this estimate as alto- gether too large, and thinks there were probably in New England at this time, leaving Maine altogether out of the account, 40,000 to 45,000 people of English stock. Hubbard, in his Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New England, published in 1677, gives the following account of the beginnings of settlement in Maine: The first place that was ever possessed by the English, in the hope of making a plantation in those parts, was a tract of land on the west side of the river of Kennebeck, then called Sagatohocke, since Saga-de- hocke; other places adjoining were soon after seized, and improved for trading and fishing. The more remote and furthest northward at the time belonging to the English (Penobscot forty years since being sur- prised by the French and by them held at this day) is called Pemma- quid, distant seven or eight leagues from Kennebeck, and is the utmost boundary of New England, being about forty leagues distant from the mouth of Pascataqua river. That Pemmaquid is a very commodious haven for ships, and hath been found very advantageous to such as use to come upon these coasts to make fishing voyages; southwest, or southeast, from whence, about si.t or seven leagues, hes an island called IVIonhiggon, of much use on the same account for fishing, it lying three or four leagues into the sea from Damaril's Cove (a place of like advantage for the stages of fishermen in former times). There have been for a long time seven or eight considerable dweUings about Pemmaquid, wnich is well accommodated with pasture-land about the haven for feeding cattle, and some fields also for tillage; all the land improvable for such uses being already taken up by such a number of inhabitants as is already mentioned. A POSSIBLE FRENCH FORT. The old French navigator and writer, Andre Thevet, who wrote of the Penobscot waters, or the "river of Norumbegue," in 1556, makes the first mention of any- thing like civilized settlement upon its banks or the shores of the bay. He speaks of a small fort erected by the French some ten or twelve leagues up the river, which was called "the Fort of Norumbeque." He sup- plies, however, no further facts concerning it; and, as nothing more is known of if and no vestiges of it have ever been discovered, it seems probable that no such fort existed in fact, and that Thevet transmogrified in his relation the older story of an aborignal capital on the Penobscot, which was itself named "Norumbega." THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS. Early in 1626, or perhaps the next year, — at all events, but a very few years after the landing at Plymouth, — the Pilgrims, without charter or other warrant of author- ity, made a lodgment upon the shore of Penobscot Bay, 66 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. on the Castine peninsula. Already sundry enterprises had been undertaken by the Plymouth colonists, by which they had become heavily involved. A number of their principal men — twenty-seven, it is said — gave relief by making a contract with the colony that they should have a monopoly of its trade for six years from Septem- ber, 1627, with the use of its vessels, implements, and goods, for the consideration of payment of its debts and an annual supply of ^50 worth of hose and shoes, in exchange for corn at six shillings a bushel, and either six pounds of tobacco or three bushels of corn, as the col- ony might elect. The company, with the addition of four persons in England, was called by the rather gloomy and forbidding title of the "Undertakers." Judge Godfrey, in his paper on The Pilgrims at Penob- scot, says of their operations : They were carrying on a. profitable traffic with the Indians at Penob- scot, exchang^ing with them coats, shirts, rugs, blanlcets, biscuit, corn, peas, and wampum (of which latter they had the monopoly in the East, and which came to be much coveted by the natives), for beaver, otter, and other furs, when, by the agreement of AUerton and the English partners, a young man by the name of Edward Ashley, in whose integ- rity the Pilgrims had little confidence, was rather forced upon them. They knew that he had wit and ability; they also knew that he was "a very profane young man, who had lived amonge ye Indians as a savage, and wente naked amongste them and used their maners.' But he had learned their language, which was a useful and valuable accomplishment. Ashley came into the business in 1629 and took charge of the estab- lishment at Penobscot. Fearing to trust him alone, the Plymouth partners caused to be joined with him Thomas Willet, a young man from Leyden, honest, discreet, and trustworthy, whom they instructed to keep him "in some good measure within bounds." Ashley was well supplied with goods by the Undertakers from both England and Plymouth, and carried on so brisk a trade with the In- dians that it was not long before he had accumulated a large quantity of beaver. The Plymouth Undertakers, however, did not realize directly from it as they expected. He paid no attention to the liabili- ties of the house to them for supplies, but sent all his beaver direct to England, though he still continued to obtain goods from them as well as from England. Consequently he did not rise in their favor. Never- theless they were compelled, through their connection with the English partners, who had confidence in him, to buy and man a vessel for his use and render him other assistance. But after he had been there a year or more, he "was taken in a trap," Governor Bradford says, "for trading powder and shote with ye Indians," in violation of the proc- lamation of King James, which forbade it. For this the authorities seized a half a ton of beaver, which he had on hand belonging to the house, and would have confiscated it, had not the Plymouth Under- takers proved by his bonds to them in 500 pounds, that he was " not to trade any munition with ye Indians, or otherwise to abuse himselfe." It appearing that he alone was responsible for the offense, and had violated his bond in every respect, he was sent to England and impris- oned in the Fleet. They were thus rid of him, to their greet relief. On the 31st of December, 163 1, the English Attor- ney-General was directed to take proceedings against Ashley for furnishing arms and ammunition to the sav- ages. He was seized and confined in the Fleet Prison, in London, from which he was discharged on the 17th of February following, because his offense was found to be committed before the issuance of the King's procla- mation; but he was placed under bond "not to offend in the like kind hereafter." Isaac Allerton, one of the original adventurers in the Mayflower, who had been a partner in and the agent of the company, was also dismissed, partly because he tried to divert trade from the Penobscot, by engaging in business with a Mr. Vines of Saco and sending goods eastward. The Undertakers then managed solely the business at Penobscot, which, says Judge Godfrey,' "prospered and made large yearly returns." They con- tinued to thrive here until 163 1, when a French party, led by a renegade Scotchman, came with a small ship into the harbor, in the absence of all the Plymouth men except three or four 'servants, whom they compelled to carry about ;i{,Soo worth of goods, including three hun- dred pounds of beaver fur, on board their vessel, and sailed away with their plunder. The traders remained, however, even after thejreaty of St. Germains, between England and France, March 19, 1632, had transferred the country, as "Acadia," to the latter power, and until 1635, when the Seigneur D'Aulnay de Charnisey, com- monly called D'Aulnay, the French Lieutenant-General commanding west of the St. Croix, dispossessed them in the name of the French crown. He politely took an inventory of the goods with their prices, and promised compensation for them ; but would allow nothing for the house and fortification, as "those who build on another man's ground do forfeit the same." He allowed the Pil- grims to take their shallop and food enough for the return voyage, and then packed them off to Plymouth, while he occupied their premises at Penobscot as his own residence. The colonists were greatly enraged, as they had been by the robbery of 1631; and procuring from Massachusetts Bay an armed vessel called the Great Hope, commanded by a rascally captain named Girling, they agreed with him for the recapture of the truck-house, for the reward of seven hundred pounds of beaver. He set sail for Penobscot in company with the redoubtable Miles Standish, who had a small vessel with twenty men and the beaver fur on board. Girling wasted his ammunition in distant and futile fire upon the fort, and Standish, going to Pemaquid for more, sent it to him, but sailed away to Plymouth with his own precious cargo, lest his faithless comrade should "ceiase [sieze] on ye barke, and surprise ye beaver," as old Hubbard puts it. He left Captain Girling to follow at his ease, which he did with- out renewing the attack. Some further effort was made by the Plymouth people to organize an expedition with similar intent; but to no purpose. The French remained in undisturbed possession at Penobscot for many years. The fort was burned, however, by La Tour's men, and the cattle of the settlement killed, in May, 1644. D'Aiil- ney, just six years afterwards, ended his adventurous and troubled life by freezing to death in an open fishing-boat off the coast. May 24, 1850. One amusing incident of D'Aulnay's residence at Penobscot is the presentation to him by the Boston authorities, by way of placating his revenge after the attack under Girling, of an elegant sedan chair, which had been sent by the Mexican Viceroy to his sister in the West Indies. It had fallen into the hands of a sea cap- tain, who presented it to the Governor at Boston, from whom it was obtained for the gift to D'Aulnay. As another writer says: "Can one fancy the wife and daughter of D'Aulnay parading in it from the fort to the farm-house, and from the farm-house to the mill?" For many years after their expulsion from Penobscot, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 67 the English had no settlement east of the Kennebec, except that at Pemaquid. AN EARTHQUAKE. June I, 1638, the people of the Penobscot country, then numbering very few not aboriginal, shared in the remarkable disturbance of the elements made memorable as the "Great Earthquake." It occurred about the mid- dle of the afternoon. Mr. Williamson says : At the time the weather was clear and warm, and the wind westward. It commenced with a noise hlte continued thunder or the rattling of stage-coaches upon pavements, and with a motion so violent that the people in some places found difficulty iu standing on their feet, and some chimneys, and many light moveables in dwelling houses, were thrown down. The sound and motion continued four minutes, and the earth was unquiet at times for twenty days afterwards. It was generally felt throughout the northeast, and the course of it was from west to east. A tolerably severe earthquake was experienced by the Maine settlers on the twenty-ninth of October, 1727; and a much harder one, lasting some moments, in the early morning of November 18, 1775. From time to time ever since, slight shocks have been experienced. The last one observed at Bangor and vicinity occurred in the late evening of Sunday, July 24, 1881. SOME REPORTS OF GROWTH. In July, 1665, when the Royal Commissioners repre- senting the Duke of York's interests were in Maine, they professed to have gathered the following facts for the slighting account which they gave of nearly all the colonies and settlements visited in their tour. Not much reliance is to be placed upon it. They asserted that beyond the Kennebec, in the Duke's Province, there were "three small plantations, the biggest of which had not above thirty houses in it, and those very near ones too, and spread over eight miles at least. Those people, for the most part, were fishermen, and never had any govern- ment among them ; most of them were such as had fled thither from other places to avoid justice." Six years later Mr. Cartwright, of this commission, reported to the council for foreign plantations, in the Home Government, that there were one thousand men able to bear arms in the province of Maine, of whom one hundred were in "Kennebec." But Dr. Palfrey characterizes his statement, which includes statistics from other colonies, as wrong in all particulars. It was probably a mere rough estimate, if not knowingly false. During the spring of 1688, an account was taken by Governor Andros, of the white inhabitants between the Penobscot and the St. Croix, which exhibits at Penobscot only the Baron de Castine, his family, and his servant Ranne; at Edgemoragan Reach, Charles St. Robin, his son and daughter, and M. La Tour and family ; at Petit Pleasants, on Mt. Desert, a French family, consisting of M. Lowry, his wife and child, and an English family named Hinds, being man, wife, and four children; on the east side of Mt. Desert, at "Frenchman's Bay," Cad- mac and wife ; and a few inore settlers at Machias, Pas- samaquoddy, and St. Croix, the total enumeration reach- ing about forty-five souls. There is reason to believe that this was a fairly accurate census. The names in- dicate that, with the single exception noted and perhaps one other family, all the white inhabitants on this part of the coast were French. The next year President Danforth, in view of the fact that the forts east of Falimouth, and most of the settle- ments, had been abandoned in consequence of the Indian troubles during King William's War, ordered an account to be taken of all the inhabitants still resident within his province of Maine, and of those who had left it. We are not aware that this census has been preserved. If so, we have not been able to see a copy of it, or even to obtain its conclusions. THE CASTINE VILLAGE. One of the most interesting historic spots upon the Penobscot waters is that near Castine, which is thus described by the Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, in his paper upon The Pilgrims at Penobscot, contributed to the seventh volume of the Maine Historical Collec- tions : About a quarter of a mile southerly of the principal street of the present village of Castine is a plateau, not large, but of sufficient extent for a trading establishment. It has a fine beach, and is pro- tected from the intrusion of the waves by a sweep of the shore, and sheltered from the northern blasts by high lands in the rear. Upon this plateau are the last vestiges of the old fort which probably was originated by the pilgrims, enlarged by D'Aulnay, and occupied by French and English alternately for more than a century, — " Oid Fort Penobscot, " as it is called. It is a spot full of interest to the historical pilgrim, and has attractions that bring to it, year after year, crowds of curious vistiors. In his essay upon the Baron Castine, in the same volume of the Collections, Judge Godfrey gives a some- what detailed account of the fort, as follows : This fort, it is supposed, stood on the site of the Plymouth trading house of 1626-27, and was the fort of D'Aulnay. Vestiges of it are in existence. During sixty years it had been occupied by the English, French, and Dutch successively. In 1670 Sir Thomas Temple, who had claimed this portion of Acadia under a patent from Cromwell in 1756, surrendered it .under the treaty of Breda to the Chevaher de Grandfontaine. This was then the condition of the fort : On entering it, upon the left hand was a guard house, about fifteen paces long by ten broad, and upon the right a house of similar dimen- sions, of hewn stone, covered with shingles. Above these was a chapel six paces long by four broad, covered with shingles and built with terras, upon which was a small turret with a bell weighing eighteen pounds. Upon the left hand, on entering the court, was a magazine of two stories, built of stone, about thirty-six paces by ten, covered with shingles, very old and out of repair. Upon the ramparts were twelve guns weighing .in all 21,122 pounds. In the fort were six "murtherers" without chambers, weighing twelve hundred pounds. Two eight-pounders were on a plateau facing the sea. Thirty or forty paces distant from the fort there was a building twenty paces by eight, used as a cattle-house, and about fifty paces from this a square garden enclosed with rails in which were fifty or sixty trees bearing fruit. It is thought that St. Castine erected a house within or near the walls of the fort. Tradition locates the orchard on the upper side of the street, westerly of the fort, and it is alleged that some of the trees were removed to Sedgwick and bore apples in 1873. This peninsula, called by the Indians Matche-Biguatus, which was corrupted by the English into Major-Biguy- duce, and now sometimes called Bagaduce, was known in theearly day of settlement as Pentagoet or Penobscot, and finally by its present musical name of Castine. In 1670 the fort and settlement were occupied by the French under the Chevalier de Grandfontaine, by the operation of the Treaty of Breda. Four years afterwards it was taken by the Dutch, and again by them in 1676, when they were driven out by the English. Before this came 68 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the Baron de St. Castine, who, with his descendants, occupied the site for many years. It was permanently settled by the English in 1760, was held by the British forces in the Revolution from 177910 the peace, and was also occupied by the British for nearly a year, during the War of 181 2. Penobscot had thirteen hundred in- habitants when Governor Sullivan wrote, in 1794, "and that number," he said, "is increasing by the constant accession of new settlers from every part of the country." Penobscot town was divided February 10, 1796, and Castine incorporated. It became the shire-town of Hancock county, and remained such until 1838, when the courts were removed to Ellsworth. It had 1215 inhabitants by the census of 1880. THE BARON DE ST. CASTINE. This famous character of early Penobscot history, from whom the flourishing town at his old seat of power de- rives its name, has come frequently into these narratives, and deserves some special notice before proceeding further. Jean Vincent, the Baron de St. Castine, was a native of the town of Oleron, in France, on the skirts of the Pyrenees, born about 1636. He was of noble birth, received a good education, including military science, and, when only fifteen years of age, joined the famous Carignan Salieres regiment of the standing army of France. He served with his command in Germany against the Turks, and came with it to Quebec in 1665, where, after the war then waging with England was closed by the Treaty of Breda, the regiment was dis- banded and he discharged from the French service. He seems about this time to have become disgusted with civilized life, and, as La Hontan says, "threw himself upon the savages." He settled, with several Jesuit mis- sionaries in his train, at Point Bagaduce, where D'Aul- nay had been before him, about 1667, there built a more than usually spacious trading-house and residence, and restored the old fort of the English and D'Aulnay. Mr. Williamson says of Castine: He was a liberal Catholic, though devoted and punctilious in his re- ligious observances. ... He learned to speak with ease the Indian dialect; and, supplying himself with fire-arms, ammuniton, blankets, steel-traps, baubles, and a thousand other things desired by the natives, he made them presents and opened a valuable trade with them in these articles, for which he received furs and peltry in return, at his own prices. He taught the men the use of the gun, and, being a man of fascinating address and manners, he attained a complete ascen- dancy over the whole tribe, they looking upon him, in the language of one writer, "as their tutelar god." To chain their attachments by ties not easily broken, in connection with personal gratification, he took four or five Tarratine wives, one of them the daughter of Madockawando, sagamore of the tribe. He lived with them all by changes at the same time, and had several daughters and one son, Castine the younger, who was a man of distinction and of excellent character. Early habits and great success in trade rendered the Baron contented with his allotments; he lived in the country about thirty years; and, as Abbe Regnal says, "conformed himself in all respects to the manners and customs of the natives." To his daughters, whom he "married very handsomely to Frenchmen," he gave Uberal portions, having amassed a property worth three hundred thousand crowns. The Governors of New England and of Canada, apprised of his in- fluence, wealth, and military knowledge, were, for obvious reasons, the courtiers of his friendship and favor. For seventeen years Castine was comparatively unmo- lested in the enjoyment of his independent life in the wilderness on the beautiful shore, of his lucrative trade, his large influence with the savages, and his harem of In- dian wives. During this time he maintained a trading- house at Port Royal as well as Penobscot, and accumu- lated his large fortune. In 1684 he experienced some annoyance from a "notice to quit," served upon him by Colonel Dungan, Governor of New York, unless he would recognize the English authority in that quarter, but more from the efforts of a troublesome countryman named Perrot, an ex-Governor of Montreal, to oust him from his profitable trading-house. Perrot virtually compelled him to withdraw from Port Royal, but he held his own at Penobscot for three years longer, when at last the Eng- lish power began to re-assert itself vigorously in this quarter. The harsh and arbitrary Commissioners, Pal- mer and West, appointed to manage the Duke of York's Eastern domain, in 1686 seized a cargo of wines con- veyed in a Piscataqua vessel, which had been landed near the Baron's seat, without paying duties in the cus- tom-house at Pemaquid. The next year they dispatched a party of fifty men to possess Pentagoet and the coast to St. Croix, as English territory, and directed Castine and the Indians, as well as two French settlers near this post, to disregard any orders from French sources. The Baron accepted the situation, and was not molested. In the summer of 1688 the haughty Andros, the new Gov- ernor of New England, visited his Ea.stern domain, and, in the enlargement of his jurisdiction resolved to seize the Penobscot settlement. In advance of his coming he sent word to Captain George, of the frigate Rose, at Pemaquid, to get his vessel ready to sail against the ar- rival of the Governor and his suite there. George con- siderately sent word of the intended movement to his friend Castine. In a short time Andros, in personal command of the expedition, presented himself in front of the Frenchman's stronghold — "before Castine's door," the old account says. An officer was sent ashore to an- nounce the unwelcome visitors, but found that the Baron and his adherents had taken to the woods. The account proceeds : The Governor landed, with other gentlemen with him, and went into the house, and found a small altar in the common room, which altar and some pictures and ordinary ornaments they did not meddle with anything belonging thereto, but took away all his arms, powder, and shot, iron kettles, and some trucking-cloth and his chairs, all of which were put aboard the Rose, and laid up in order to a condemnatioti of trading. It was the Governor's intention also to restore the fort built by his orders some years before on the Penobscot, for which he had brought materials and workmen; but he found the work so ruinous that "he was resolved to spare that charge till a more proper time offered," and so retnrned to Pemaquid. He had made a visit to the chief Madockawando, Castine's father-in-law, also giving him a handsome present, and now sent a message by a Tarratine sachem to Castine, that he should have his property back as soon as he could report at that place and make his allegiance to the English crown. But the Baron was now thoroughly enraged, and made no con- cessions to the English, but instead, it is generally be- lieved, stirred up the Indians to hostilities. He incited HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 69 the savages to outbreak, it is said, by the promise to each hostile of a pound of powder, two pounds of lead, and a roll of tobacco. Others, as Judge Godfrey, think that Castine remained friendly to the English, and that the Jesuits provoked the strife. At all events, Indian outrages were recommenced. In August and in the fall another Eastern expedition, but of land forces, was set on foot, which had a campaign of great hardship and suffering, fruitful of nothing but the establishment of some garrisoned posts from Wells to Pemaquid. Again, in 1690, Castine appears on the war-path against the English, in joint command with his father-in- law Madockawando of a body of Tarratines going to join a mixed force of French and Indians, collected un- der the orders of Count Frontenac, Governor of Canada, for the expedition against Falmouth, and was present at the stipulations for the capitulation of Fort Loyal, at that place, to the faith and observance of which, Mr. Wil- liamson says, he " lifted his hand and swore by the ever- lasting God" — to little intent or purpose, as the massa- cre and plunder which speedily followed showed. Judge Godfrey thinks this story of Castine incorrect, and that he took no part in the attack. Six years later, he rein- forced Iberville and Villebon with 240 of his Indians in canoes, to whom Iberville distributed presents, on their way to the successful reduction of Fort William Henry. Meanwhile, in the fall of 1792, an unsuccessful attempt was made to kidnap or assassinate Castine at his place. After the affair at Fort William Henry, little is known of Castine. He disappeared from the Penobscot coun- try soon after the death of Madockawando in 1697 or '98. Mr. H. W. Longfellow, in his musical poem on the Baron, sends him to his old Pyrenees home, to find his father dead, to occupy the ancestral properly, and to be married according to the rites of the church, since — In course of time the curate learns A secret so dreadfnl that, by turns, He is ice and fire, he freezes and burns. The Baron at confession hath said That though this woman be his wife. He hath wed her as the Indians wed. He hath bought her for a gun and a Icnife. Judge Godfrey says, however: "That he was early lawfnlly married to a daughter of Madockawando is probable from the fact that his son had the priests' cer- tificate of his legitimacy." It is known that he came into his inheritance of ^^5,000 a year in 1686, and he probably retired to the old baronial home to spend his last years in the enjoyment of it and his large fortune gained among the Indians. He died some time before 1708. The other inhabitans of Pentagoet, during at least a part of Castine's residence there, were his servant Jean Renaul(i,- with a wife and four children, and another Frenchman named Des Lines, with wife and three chil- 'dren. These, with Castine, his wife and one child, made up the white population of Penobscot in 1693. Four years previously only one white man, and one woman, both married, with a boy of fifteen (doubtless Castine, wife, and son), and one priest were reported there. The priests gave his place, ecclesiastically, the title of the Parish of the Sainte Famille (or Holy Family). CASTINE THE YOUNGER. Anselm de St. Castine was the son of Baron Castine and Matilda, daughter of Madockawando. He remained as a trader at Penobscot after the departure of his father, and was also prominent in the political and martial movements of the time. He took a leading part in the defense of Port Royal against the Massachusetts expe- dition in 1700, and, when it returned for a second attempt in August, he prepared an ambuscade which drove the enemy in disorder toward their boats. In the pursuit which followed Castine was severely wounded. He was married two months afterwards to Charlotte d' Amours, at Port Royal. In 1690, still residing at Penobscot, he there entertained Major Livingston, of another Massachusetts expedition which had effected the reduction of Port Royal, and accompanied him up the river to Quebec, to obtain the approval of the Governor-General of New France to the articles of capitulation. It was on this journey that they came to the island "Lett," as remarked by Livingston, the iden- tity of which has been so much in controversy. They had a terrible journey through the wilderness, and were nearly two months on the way, arriving at Quebec the 1 6th of December in sad case. Here Castine was com- missioned lieutenant, and charged especially with the care cTf French interests among the Indians of his re- gion. He returned to Pentagoet, and presently under- took the re-capture of Port Royal, but without success. After the death of his father he was deprived of his inheritance under pretense of illegitimacy, and decided to remain in the wilderness. In August, 172 1, he took part in a conference of the commanders of two hundred Abenakis, at Arrowsic Island, with Captain Penhallow, commanding the English there, for which he was regard- ed as an enemy, and was seized at Penobscot, carried to Boston, and imprisoned for five months. He declared "the highest friendship for the English," and that "my disposition is to prevent my people from doing them mischief," and was accordingly released. Some unim- portant incidents are related of him during the next ten years, when he altogether disappears from history. Many descendants of the Castines are known to have been among the Indians of the Penobscot, and some of their chiefs, as Orono, are believed to have been of their blood. Mr. Williamson, closing an account of the third Indi- an (Queen Anne's, a ten-years') war, after a sketch of the character of Assacombuit, one of the most promi- nent on the side of the savages, says : There was never a greater contrast than between him and Castine the younger. This man possessed a very mild and generous disposi- tion. His birthplace and home were at Penobscot, upon the penin. sula of Biguyduce, the former residence of his father. Though a half- breed, the son of Baron de Castine, by a Tarratine wife, he appeared to be entirely free from the bigoted malevolence of the French and the bar barous, revengeful spirit of the savages. He was a chief Sagamore of" the Tarratine tribe, and also held a commission from the French king- Ey his sweetness of temper, magnanimity, and other valuable proper ties, he was holden in high estimation by both people. Nor were the English insensible of his uncommon merit. He had an elegant French uniform, which he sometimes wore, yet on all occasions he preferred to 70 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. appear dressed in the habit of his tribe. It was in him both policy and pleasurs to promote peace with the English, and in several instances where they had treated him with abuse, he gave proof of forbearance worthy of a philosopher's or Christian's imitation. The great confi- dence they reposed in his honor and fidelity, as the companion of Ma- or Livingston through the wilderness from Port Royal to Quebec, was in every place well-placed and fully confirmed. He was a man o foresight and good sense. Perceiving how these wars wasted away the Indians, he was humane as well as wise, when he bade earnest wel- come to the "songs of peace." These immediately drew home fathers and brothers, and wiped away the tears of their families. He thought his tribe happy only when they enjoyed the dews and shades of tran- quility. In 1721 he was improperly siezed at Biguyduce, his dwelling- place, by the English and carried to Boston, where he was detained several months. The next year, according to Charlevoix, he visited Bearne, in France, to inherit his father's property, honors, fortune, and seigniorial rights, from which country we have no account of his return- UP THE PENOBSCOT. Fort Pownall, at what is now called Fort Point, where the waters of the river join those of the bay, was built by the energetic Governor from whom it takes its name, in 1759. Under its protection the valley of the Lower Penobscot soon began to fill with the pioneers of civiliza- tion. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Western Maine principally furnished the immigration. A white settler was on the lower part of Orphan Island in 1763, and Colonel Jonathan Buck at Bucksport the next year. Bnt Lieutenant Joshua Treat, celebrated in the older writings as the " great hunter," who settled for conveni- ence of traffic near Fort Pownall in 1760, is supposed to have been the first permanent settler on the river* Set- tlement crept slowly up the stream, however, and did not reach the site of Bangor until 1769, when Mr. Jacob Bus- well, or Bifssell, set down his stakes at the head of tide- water. The rest of the story will be told elsewhere. CHAPTER VL THE MISSIONARIES. Captain Weymouth with his Cross — Fathers Baird and Masse — The St. Sauveur Mission at Mt. Desert — Its Precise Locality — The Cross — On the Castine Peninsula — The Capuchins — D'Aulnay and the Castines — The Parish de Saint Famille — Father Gabriel Druillettes — The Fathers Vincent and Jaques Bigot— Father Thury— Father Se- bastian Ralle — The Missionaries on the Penobscot — Father Romagne — Usefulness of the Missionaries among the Indians — A Touch o Poetry. THE CROSS was early brought up the Penobscot waters, but rather for political than religious purposes. If the theory be true that Captain Weymouth, in June of 1605, ascended the Penobscot, he was the first to explore its resources; and it is thus made the more noteworthy that the voya- gers bore with them, as the journal relates, a cross — "a thing never omitted by any Christian travellers, which we erected at the ultimate end of our route," fifty or sixty miles from the entrance to the Bay. Indeed, one later writer asserts that Weymouth "set up crosses in several places." Here, then, two and three-quarters centuries ago, was planted the emblem, if not the emis- saries, of the Christian religion. The next year the grant of the North and South Vir- ginia patent was expressly, in part, for the bringing of the infidel savages to a knowledge of the Christian re- ligion and the true worship of God, to a civilized life and a settled government. ' Hubbard, in his History of New England, says that the declared intent of the adventurers was to propagate God's holy church. A similar purpose is expressed in many other instruinents relating to the colonization of America. BIARD AND MASSE. About the year 1610, when Biencourt, son of Poutrin- court, then the chief man of the French at Port Royal, returned to France for aid to the suffering and struggling colony, all that he received from the queen regent was two Jesuit fathers, M. Biard and Masse. They had a gift of 2,000 crowns for expenses, and set sail for the New World. Father Biard reached the Kennebec, where he was cordially received by the Canibas, and labored with some success, especially in collecting supplies of pro- vision for the people at Port Royal, where he had his own headquarters. Masse also set out for the wilder- ness, but was taken severely sick on the way, and presently recovered. The Marchioness de Guercheville, a pious Catholic lady who is elsewhere mentioned in this work, had the missionaries now under her patronage, and pre- vailed on the queen mother to assist in dispatching a vessel to plant a religious establishment independent of Port Royal. In 16 13, under command of the Sieur de la Saussaye, and with two other Jesuit Fathers, Quentin and Gilbert du Thet, the vessel proceeded to Maine, picking up Biard and Masse on the way, at Port Royal. Governor Lincoln, in the first volume of the original series of the Maine Historical Collections, thus continues the story: They disembarked, with twenty-five others, on the northerly bank of the Penobscot. Father Biard made an excursion from this place to visit the neighboring peaple, and arriving near a village of the Etohe- mins, he heard frightful cries, like those of lamentation for the dead. He hastened forward with the prompt anxiety which generally impels the ecclesiastics of certain orders to be present at that scene, where pleasure, interest, or duty are generally satisfied by the oifering of pen- itence, bequests, and homage. He ascertained that the occasion of the clamor was the illness of a child, and found the inhabitants of a village ranged in two rows on each side of it; the father holding it in his arms and uttering loud cries, to which the whole assembly responded with one accord. The missionary took the child, and having administered the sacred mystery of baptism, prayed with a loud voice that God would vouchsafe some token of his power. He forgot not, however, to use the means which might contribute, humanly speaking, to the miracle he petitioned for, and presented the child to the warmth and cherishing virtue of the maternal bosom. It soon became \yell. Whatever else may be said, it must be admitted that the administration of baptism was judiciously seasonable; for the Indians were persuaded that its di- vine efficacy drove away the disease which had so much distressed them, and they looked upon the missionary as one who could call down from the master of life the health of his children. This mission, known as St. Sauveur, is commonly lo- cated by writers on Mt. Desert. It did not long endure. The Virginians, under Argal, swooped down upon it, as is heretofore related, killed Du Thet while in the act of firing a gun, also some others, compelled the surrender of the place, and then destroyed everything they could not plunder. Notwithstanding these outrages, Father Biard, it is said, guided the invaders to Port Royal, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 71 which they also reduced. We hear no more of the sur- viving three of the Jesuit quartette in the affairs of Maine. It is an interesting fact that these missionaries, when they sailed down the coast of Maine in May, 16 13, were on their way to Kadesquit, now the site of Bangor, to establish their mission. Father Biard had selected the very spot during a former journey of his from Port Royal to the Penobscot. The reason for their change of pur- pose and detention at Mt. Desert is this prettily told in Bryant & Gay's History of the United States: Such a fog enveloped them off Menans (Grand Manan) that they had to lie to for two days. When the weather cleared up they saw the island which Ghamplain named Monts Deserts, and which the Indians called Pemetig, which means "at the head," from its commanding position. The lifting fog disclosed Great Head, rising sheer from the ocean to buttress the forests of Green and Newport mountains. On their right was the broad sheet of water since called Frenchman's Bay, extending far into the land. Into this they gladly sailed and dropped anchor inside of Porcupine Island, effected a landing not far from the bar which gives its name to a little harbor. There the broad Hank of Green Mount, with Newport just alongside to make a deep and still ravine, greeted the eyes which sea-spray and the fog had filled. Eagle Lake lay buried in the forest in front of them, and the wooded slopes srretched along to the right as far as they could see. The islands with bronzed cliffs to seaward and bases honeycombed by the tide, wore sharp crests of fir and pine. The American_ coast does not supply an- other combination so striking as this, of mountains with their feet in deep ocean on every side, lifting 2,000 feet of greenery to vie with the green of waves ; of inland recesses where brooks run past brown rocks, and birds sing woodland songs as if their nests swung in a country re- mote from sea-breezes. Dehcate ferns fill the moist places of the wood, and the sea-anemone opens in the little caverns where the tide leaves a pool for them. Nature has scattered the needled cones, of shape so perfect, from those of an inch high to the finished tree artfully dis- tributed in the open spaces. The Frenchmen hailed this picturesque conclusion to their voyage, and named the place and harbor St. Sau- veur. Several Indian villages were on the island. A smoke rose as a signal that the men were observed ; they signalled with another smoke, and the natives came to see them. Father Biard had met some of them on the Penobscot, and now inquired the way to Kadesquit. They answered that their place was better, and so wholesome that sick na- tives in the neighboring parts were brought thither to be cured. But when Father Biard could not be persuaded, they belied their own sani, tary praises, and begged the good father to come and see their saga, more, Asticon, who was very sick, and like to die without the sacra- ment. This wily stroke prevailed : they took him round to the eastern shore of a bay which is now called Somes's Sound, from a Gloucester man who ' settled there in 1760. Great shell-heaps still indicate the site of Asticon's village. He only had an attack of rheumatism ; so the father asked the natives to show him the place which they esteemed to be so much better than Kadesquit. They took him around the head of the Sound, to a grassy slope of twenty or thirty acres, with a stream on each side, running down to the tide. The bay was as still as a lake ; the black soil fat and fertile, the pretty hill abutting softly on the sea and bathed on its sides by two streams, the little islands which break the force of waves and wind. These islands are the Great and Little Cranberry, and Lancaster's. The chffs rise to a great height, and the water ■e.t their base is deep enough for any ship to ride a cable's length from the shore. No won- der that Father Biard thought no more of Kadesquit. They planted the cross, threw up a slight entrenchment, and La Saussaye began to plant, for the time was early June. Fernald's Point, on the western side of Somes's Sound, about two miles from Southwest Harbor, is the spot assigned by local tradition as the seat of this first and transient mission in Maine. The "little hill" mentioned in Father Biard's Relation is, according to Mrs. Clara Barnes Martin, author of a capital guide-book for Mount Desert, a bold promontory (the Flying Mountain) joined to the eastern spur of Dog Mountain by a narrow isthmus, on which are Mr. Fernald's pastures. There is a spring at high-water mark on each side of the Point, and a brook runs from the mountains through the pas- ture. The mountains in Biard's day were covered with a heavy hard-wood growth, and as the Sound here is completely land-locked, the Point and Cove would offer the most tempting shelter to the storm-tost missionaries. "About half across the isthmus and a little up the hill, so as to command the water on either side without losing its shelter, are two holes in the ground which are shown as the ruins of the Frenchmen's cellars. They are a few rods apart, running north and south, ten to twelve feet long at present, from two to three feet deep, and of vary- ing width." AT PENTAGOET. The Castine Peninsula seems next to have been sought by the zealous and persevering emissaries of the cross. In 1646, according to Father Druillettes, who was at Pentagoet this year, a small hospice or monastery of Capuchins was in existence there, with Father Ignatius, of Paris, as superior. The little community welcomed the new comer, says Mr. Parkman, "with the utmost cordiality." It is thought, says Da Costa, that this visit of Druillettes led to the erection of a new and more permanent hospice. This appears to have been put up or at least commenced in 1648, by the evidence of an inscription upon a copper plate found in 1863, near the ruins of the brick battery commonly called the Lower Fort. It is in Latin, with the words much abbreviated, but may be easily translated as follows: "1648, January 8. I, Friar Leo, of Paris, Capu- chin Missionary, laid this foundation in honor of Our Lady of Holy Hope." No traces of this establishment can be found after the next year, when D'Aulnay, the patron of the Capuchins, was dispossessed by La Tour. Catholic missionaries much frequented this stronghold of the warlike Frenchman and religious zealot D'Aulnay, about the middle of the seventeenth cenutry. Mr. Wil- liamson says that no other place in this Eastern region was so much inhabited by them ; and further : His priesthood, consisting wholly of friars, made the savages believe that Catholic rites and ceremonies were the essentials of religion, and that the dictates of the missionaries were equivalent to the precepts of Divine authority Indulgences and super- stitious forms, as allowed by the Jesuits, were altogether more accordant with their notions and habits than the self-denying doctrines of restraint and the rigid precepts of reform, as taught by the Protestant mission- aries. During the occupancy at Pentagoet by the Castines, and perhaps subsequendy, the Catholic Parish de Saint Famille (Parish of the Holy Family) was maintained there, with at least one priest in charge. father GABRIEL DRUILLETTES afterwards labored among the natives on the Kenebec. According to Charlevoix, he was the first Catholic mis- sionary to the Canibas Indians, among whom he began to reside in 1646. At the same time, says this author, " the Capuchin priests had a trading-house and religious hospital at Pentagoet." In 1688 72 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. FATHER VINCENT BIGOT was at Penobscot for the purpose, Governor Lincoln says, " of gathering the savages into a new village on the lands of the king of France and to guard them against the efforts of Governor Andros to draw them to the English." M. Denonville, in a letter to the French Minister of Ma- rine, acknowledged the good offices of the brothers Bigot in "the good intelligence" he had preserved with the Abenakis and the success they had reaped in their ex- peditions against the English. Jaques, the younger Bigot, is supposed to have been at this time a missionary on the Kennebec* The following is related by Govern- or Lincoln of the elder brother, he who was at Penob- scot : — Charlevoix alleges that Vincent Bigot once accompanied the Abenakis in an e.\pedition against New England, and knowing that on their re- turn a large party was in pursuit, he endeavored to urge their flight. They rephed that they did not fear the English, and refused to hasten their march. At last they were overtaken by a force twenty times as numerous as their own, and, having placed the missionary in safety, they with cool intrepidity engaged in battle, strewed the field with dead bodies, and, maintaining the fight the whole day without the loss of a man, compelled the enemy to retire. These missionaries were of the family of the Barons Bigot; and, when we consider that circumstance and compare it with the life of more than patriarchal simplicity which Vincent led at the established seat of his mission, we shall know how to appreciate the apostolic zeal with which he was inspired. Although often among the Abenakis of Maine, the place of his residence was at the village of Francois, to which the Governor of Canada had attracted liiany of the alert and intrepid warriors of otir tribes, to guard the important and central set- tlement of Three Rivers from the incursions of the Iroquois. The father dwelt among them and devoted his life to their conversion and guidance. His domicil was a rude cabin of bark, his bed a bearskin spread upon the earth, his dishes were taken from the birch-tree, and his food was the sagamite and the game which the savages furnished him. FATHER THURY was a Jesuit priest of great adroitness, and an unceasing enemy of the English, who had his mission at Penobscot about 1687, when the conquest of Nova Scotia by Sir William Phips had pushed the boundary of New Eng- land to its present halting-place, the river St. Croix. The French could not yet attempt the reconquest of the ter- ritory, since their inability to defend it had cost them its possession ; but they could still use the savages, already exasperated by the encroachment of the English, to an- noy and perhaps destroy their adversaries. Father Thury was a fit agent among the powerful tribes about the Penobscot. In 1689 he is said to have called to gether the Indians at his chapel, and, with an appearance of the deepest sorrow in his face and bearing, to have set before them a vivid and exciting image of British ag- gression in these words : My children, when shall the rapacity of the unsparing New Engend- ers cease to afflict you? And how long will you suffer your lands to be violated by encroaching heretics? By the religion I have taught, by the liberty you love, I exhort you to resist them. It is time for you to open your eyes, which have long been shut ; to rise from your mats and look to your arms, and make them once more fight. This land belonged to your fathers, long before these wicked men came over the great water ; and are you ready to leave the bones of your ancestors, that the cattle of heretics may eat grass upon your graves? The Englishmen think and say to themselves, "we have many cannon ; we have grown strong while the red man has slept; while they are lying in their cabins and do * He was pretty certainly there as late as 1699. not see, we will knock them on the head ; we will destroy their women and children, and then shall we possess their land without fear, for there shall be none left to revenge them. My children, God commands you to shake the sleep from your eyes. The hatchet must be cleaned of its rust to avenge him of his enemies and to secure to you your rights. Night and day a continual prayer shall ascend to him for your success ; an unceasing rosary shall be observed until you return covered with the glory of triumph. Such an appeal, to such an audience, could not be without tremendous effect. General Lincoln says : "The savages were transported with all that fury of which they are so susceptible, and a hundred warriors made a vow at the altar to march to Pemaquid, and never to return until they had driven the English from the fort. They executed the resolution with a sort of pious mania of courage, and twenty pieces of cannon were surrendered to address and valor, as will be found more accurately traced in the history of this tragic event. Mr. Williamson adds the following testimony as to the aid rendered by religionists of this stamp to Count Frontenac, then governor of Canada: Fit instruments to effect his purpose were the French missionaries. The four or five who were pre-eminent in his service were M. Thury, Vincent and Jaques Bigot, and Sebastian Ralle, all of whom were ar- dent and bold enthusiasts, always ready, with tearful eye, to preach from a text in their creed, that " it is no sin to break faith with heret- ics." Thury and Vincent 'Bigot had been a long time among the Tar- ratines, and were well acquainted with their dispositions, language, and habits. RALLE, sent from France into the French colonies by the society of Jesuits, passed about four years among the tribes in the vicinity of Canada, and in 1693 chose Norridgewock for his abode, where he dwelt twenty- six years. His entire devotion to the religious interests of the Indians gave him unlimited ascendancy over them. Father Ralle awakened so great an attachment among the Indians that the mere attempt of the English under Colonel Westbrook to sieze him, at his station at Nor- ridgewock in 1722, was the chief exciting cause of the three-years' Indian war. He was barbarously killed, scalped, and mutilated, August 12, r724, by Captain Moulton's men, in an attack upon Norridgewock. Char- levoix says: "Thus died this kind shepherd, giving his life for his sheep, after a painful mission of thirty-seven years." ON THE PENOBSCOT. By this time Fathers Le Masse, de la Chasse, and Lauverjat, had become missionaries to the Indians on the great central river of "Mavooshen." According to Greenleaf's Sketches of the Ecclesiastical History of the State of Maine, published in 182 1, the Catholic mission- aries very early pushed their enterprises up the Penob- scot. He says: Some time in the reign of Louis XIV. of France [about 1700] a French architect came over from that country and erected a place for public worship in Indian Old Town, an island in the Penobscot above the head of tide-waters, which was then and still is considered the headquarters of the Penobscot tribe. This church was burnt by the Anglo-Americans in the old Freuch war [in 1757], because the Indians adhered to the French, to whom they have ever been friendly; and it is said that the governor or king of this tribe wears to this day, as a badge of honor, a medal with the likeness of Louis XIV. At the period of the Revolution the Catholic mission- ary on the Penobscot was Father Juniper Bathmaine. Then, from Boston in 1762, came the Reverend Father Anthony Matignon. His successors have been, in order HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 73 the Right Rev. Bishop (afterwards Cardinal) Cheverus and James Romagne, the Rev. Father Stephen Caril- leaux, a native of Paris ; Father Dennis Ryan, who had been ordained by Bishop Cheverus in 1818; Fathers Basset, O'Brien (now of St. Mary's, Bangor), and others. The Indians on the Penobscot reservation have never been self-supporting in their religious services, and the State appropriates but one hundred dollars per annum for the sustenance of their priest; so that the work among them still partakes largely of a missionary char- acter. Of late years, as has been noticed, a convent of the Community of Sisters of Mercy has also been located upon Oldtown island. FATHER ROMAGNE. For a score of years, during the latter part of the last century and the fore part of this, the Catholic interests among the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Indians were served by M. Romagne, a French priest. Governor Lin- coln says of him: He became acquainted with their language so as to be ]able to con- verse in it, and the affectionate remembrance in whicli he is held by them is proof of the discreet manner in which he conducted towards them. He is spoken of as having been a faithful missionary and a man of unspotted life. He has been succeeded by various occasional in- structors, each of whom has discharged his duty in a manner to com- mand respect even from those who have, perhaps, some of the prejudices against his doctrines, and to be very useful to the savages. During the term of his visit among the Penobsccts he lives in their village, in a small tenement prepared and kept for the purpose, and devotes himself to adjusting the balance of sin and repentance, to dealing out salutary admonitions, and to performing the rites of his church and the func- tions of his office among his pupils. Father Romagne returned to France in 1819. Nar- rowing gradually to the Penobscot country, we have not included notices of the later missionaries to the Passama- quoddy Indians, who have been at least equally self-sac- rificing and laborious. Of the general usefulness of the missionary element in the colonization of the country, notwithstanding the attachment of the early emissaries to the cause of France, there can be no reasonable question. They undoubtedly uplifted and purified, to some extent, the savage nature. Mr. Williamson says of the labors of Biard, Masse, Druillettes, the Bigots, Ralle, and the rest among the Abenakis and Etchemins : They effected great changes in the views and practices of the natives. The Powows lost their influence, and came to an utter end. Supersti- tious rites and rituals, blended with endeavors to inculcate and deepen the moral sense and to encourage religious worship, becoming estab- lished, are still extant among the remnants of the tribes. But neither their morals, manners, or virtues, have undergone any very extensive or real improvements. With the following poetic touch from the pen of our own Whittier, in his poem of Mogg Megone, we close this rapid sketch : A rude and unshapely chapel stands. Built up in that wild by unskilled hands; Yet the traveller knows it a place of prayer. For the holy sign of the cross is there; And should he chance at that place to be Of a Sabbath morn, or some hallowed day When prayers are made and masses are said, Some for the living and some for the dead. Well might that traveller start to see The tall, dark forms that take their way From the birch canoe, on the river-shore. And the forest paths to that chapel door; And marvel to mark the naked knees And'the dusky forehead bending there. While in coarse, white vesture, over these. In blessing or in prayer. Stretching abroad his thin, pale hands. Like a shrouded host, the Jesuit stands. CHAPTER VII. COUNTY ORGANIZATION— CIVIL LIST, Yorkshire — Lincoln County — Hancock County — Penobscot County — Its First Officers— The County Buildings— The Civil List of Penob- scot — Hannibal Hamlin — Representatives in Congress — Governors of the State — Supreme Judicial Court — Presidents of the Senate — Secre- retaries of the Senate — Speakers of the House of Representatives — Clerks of the House— Secretary of State— State Treasurer — Attorney- Generals— .'Vdjutant-Generals— State Land Agents — The Courts and their Officers— County Clerks — Sheriffs — Registers of Deeds— Treas- urers — County Attorneys. The ancient and obsolete counties, — of Canada, Corn- wall, and the rest, if any — which were practically un- known in the affairs of Penobscot county, although nomi- nally covering its present territory, have received sufficient attention in previous chapters. YORKSHIRE. The first county organization that takes hold upon the modern history of Maine, those of which the present York and Somerset counties are lineal successors, were the districts or counties of York and Somerset, or New Somerset, the former of which is commonly known in early annals as Yorkshire. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, or- ganizing his province between the Piscataqua and the Kennebec, under his patent of February 3, 1635, had established his government under the name of New Somersetshire. When, four years later, April 3, 1639^ he received a charter from Charles I. his territory and its inhabitants were erected into a body politic by the title of the Province or County of Maine, commonly called the Province of Maine. The next year a division of this was made upon the river Kennebunk, into two dis- tricts or counties, called respectively "West" and "East," but which came in time to be known by the names be- fore given. In 1652, upon the submission of the people of Kittery and Agamenticus to the authority of Massa chusetts, one of the conditions of the submission was that the Isles of Shoals' and all the territory northward and eastward belonging to Massachusetts — that is, below the parallel of 43° 43' 12" — should form a county called Yorkshire. The borough bearing the aboriginal name of Agamenticus, which had been made by Gorges an exten- sive city (on paper), named from himself Georgeana, was at the same time made a town by the name of York, the second town created in the Slate, and was continued as the shire-town. The Court of Common Pleas, which was organized in the county the next year, was steadily maintained until 74 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the separation of the District of Maine from Massachu- setts in 1819. In 1 69 1 the provincial charter granted by William and Mary to the Royal Province of Massachusetts, extended the country and so practically the County of Yorkshire, to the river St. Croix or the confines of Nova Scotia. In 17 16, however, the General Court of Massachusetts formally attached to the county of Yorkshire, which theretofore had embraced strictly only the old Province of Maine, "all the families and settlements eastward of Sagadahock" — and of course within these the Penobscot country. Yorkshire county was, in fact, now legally ex- tended to the St. Croix. York was retained as the shire- town for this great county. In 1735 the county had nine towns, and sustained a levy of ;£46, 7 shillings, and 2 pence, or nearly one-twentieth of the entire assessment upon the counties of Massachusetts Bay. LINCOLN COUNTY. The county of York, or Yorkshire, embracing the whole of the present State of Maine, remained in exist- ence for nearly a century and a quarter from the organi- zation under Gorges. Before 1760 a subdivision of the county had been called for by the growth of the popula- tion eastward; and directly after the reduction of Que- bec by the English the agitation was renewed, and a pe- tition was presented to the General Court at the opening of the January session, which "enumerated the incon- veniences arising from the establishment of the courts and the public offices in the corner of the county, where all the jury trials were, except a few of a minor class, which were tried at a single term of the Inferior Court each year, at Falmouth; and prayed that the county might be divided, a new one erected, and that [Falmouth] appointed a shire-town, in which, it was said, a good court-house and a sufficient goal were already finished.'' A counter memorial was presented by the Plymouth pro- prietors, asking that the eastern part of the Maine settle- ments might form a separate county, with the shire-town at Pownalborough. York county was accordingly cut down to very narrow limits, comparatively; and two new counties were erected by an act of June 19, 1760, called, respectively, Cumberland and Lincoln. The lat- ter included the Penobscot valley in its extensive terri- tory, which embraced the whole of the Maine country from Nova Scotia to the east line of Cumberland county, namely "the eastern shores of New Meadow's river to Stevens's carrying-place at its head; thence to and upon Merrymeeting Bay and the river Androscoggin thirty miles; and thence north two degrees on a true course to the utmost northern limits of the Province." It was a vast, and, except for a thin fringe of settlement along the seaboard, a wilderness county. Pownalborough, a large town in point of territory, covering the later site of Wis- casset and two other towns, which had first been incor- porated and named in honor of Governor Pownall, was made the seat of justice for the new county. In 1764, by a rather loose census, ordered by the British Lords of Trade, Lincoln county exhibited a pop- Jation of 4,347. No places nearer to the present Pe- nobscot county are mentioned in this return, than Broadbay, Georgekeag, and Meduncook (now Thomas- ton, Warren, and Friendship). These together num- bered, probably by estimation, but 200 souls. HANCOCK COUNTY. Thirty years more passed, while the grand army of civilization was slowly, but surely, on the march. The tide of emigration had swept with the sea tides up the Penobscot and every great river of Maine, and the be- ginnings of many a prosperous city had been made by the sea. The time had come for another subdivision in Eastern Maine; and the General Court, by act of June 25, 1789, carved two new counties out of the trans- Penobscot part of Lincoln. These were fitly named, in the freshness and fervor of patriotic memories, Washing- ton and Hancock. The act went into effect May i, 1790. Mr. Williamson thus defines the boundaries of these counties : The divisional line between Lincoln and Hancock, commencing on the margin of Penobscot bay, at the northeast corner of Camden, pro- ceeded westerly in the upper line of that town to its corner; thence northerly to the north limit of the Waldo patent, and thence north to the Highlands; leaving to Lincoln the seacoast between New Meadows and Penobscot Bays, and all the opposite islands. The dividing line between Hancock and Washington commenced at the head of Goldsborough river, east branch, and proceeded to the southeast corner of township number sixteen, and thence due north to the Highlands. The eastern boundary of Washington county was drawn by the river St. Croix, and thence north so as to include all the lands within the Commonwealth eastward of Hancock. Both counties were bounded on the north by the utmost northern hmits of the State, and to each county were anne.TCd all the opposite islands. The whole of the present Ptnobscot county, except a part of the western lower part, was in Hancock county. Penobscot, since Castine, was made the shire-town of Hancock county. In 18 14, Bangor, to accommodate the northern part of the settlements in the county, was made half-shire-town with Castine, with regular courts and registry of deeds thereat, and remained such until the erection of Penobscot county. The first county officers in Hancock were: Paul D. Sargent, of Sullivan, Williain Vinal, of Vinalhaven, and Oliver Parker, of Penobscot, Judges of the Court of Common Pleas; Paul D. Sargent, also Judge of Probate; Jonathan Edd)', of Penobscot, Register of Probate; Simeon Fowler, of Orrington, County Treasurer; Thomas Phillips, Clerk; Richard Hunnewell, of Penobscot, Sheriff; WiiUam Webber, of the saine. Register of Deeds. Hancock county in 1798, according to Morse's Amer- ican Gazetteer of that date, was a large maritime county of the District of Maine, bounded north by Lower Can- ada, south by the ocean, east by Washington county, and west by Lincoln county. It was 190 miles long from north to south, and nearly 60 broad; thus having an area of 10,500 square miles, or almost one-third of the entire area of Maine, being a tract larger than Ver- mont, New Hampshire, or Massachusetts. It contained twenty-four townships and plantations, "of which Penob- scot and Castine are the chief." In 1790 it had a pop- ulation of 9,549. A great part of the county, it was hardly necessary to state, was still unsettled, the popula- tion not yet reaching one person to the square mile. ViEV/ OF Water Works anb Public Buildings. Bangor, Maine. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 75 "The towns along the sea-coast, and on the banks of Penobscot and Union rivers, are the most fertile and populous." Castine was the shire-town or county seat. The population of Hancock county, by the first Federal census, taken the year of its erection, was 9,549. Ban- gor and adjacent places had 567; Brewer, with Orring- ton and adjacent places, 477; and Eddington, no. In 1814 the county had 6,852 rateable polls, or about two- fifteenths of all in the State; with a valuation of $168,- 973.13, and a ratio of $26.08 in the .$1,000. PENOBSCOT COtTNTY. The first county to be cut out of the immense tract of Hancock, and the ninth and last to be formed in the District of Maine before the separation from Massachus- etts, was the county of Penobscot. It was incorporated by act of the Massachusetts Legislature February 15, 1816, the law taking effect April ist next following. It simply embraced all the northern part of Hancock, from north line of Frankfort and Bucksport to the Canada boundary. Bangor, already, as has been noticed, a half- shire town with Castine, was made the county seat; but all matters cognizable by the Supreme Court and arising in the hew county, were still to be tried at Castine, and the jail of Hancock county was' to be used in common with Penobscot for the term of three years. The name of this county, according to Judge Godfey, was reported by the French in sixty different ways, dur- ing their occupancy to 1664. The principal was Pana- wanskake. The EngHsh — that is, the new Plymouth colonists — caught the word Penobscot, by which it was known as early as 1626. The Indian name was Penob- skeag, or Penobscook, suggested by the rocky falls just above Bangor — Penobsg (rock), uteral (a place) — a rocky place. In another dialect, Penopse (stone), anke (place) — the rock river. According to Mr. Springer au- thor of the entertaining book on Forest Life and Forest Trees, Penobscot, or Penobskeag, was the name of only that part of the river from the head of tide-water above Oldtown. Below that section, he says, the stream was called Baum-tu-quai-took, the broad river, or "all waters united." Still another division of the river was called Gim-sit-i-cook, smooth or dead water. But whatever the origin of the name, or however it may have been ap- plied, the designation of the great and beautiful river, or of some part of it, was fitly transferred to the new county. The first corps of county officers for Penobscot were Samuel E. Button, of Bangor, Judge of Probate; Allen Oilman, one of the earliest lawyers in that place, Regis- ter of Probate; Jacob McGaw, another of the pioneer lawyers, County Attorney; Thomas Cobb, also of Ban- gor, Clerk of the Courts; Jedediah Herrick, of Hamp- den, Sheriff; John Wilkins, of Orrington, Register of • ♦ Deeds and County Treasurer. As late as 1834 the salary attaching to the first of these offices was but $150, and the Register of Probate received but $324 as salary. THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE occupied by the new county was the frame building now owned by the city of Bangor, occupied as a city hall, and standing on Columbia street, near Hammond, and nearly opposite the present court-house. It had been built, the tradition goes, in 181 2-13, although Bangor was not made a half-shire town with Castine until i8r4. The old structure has changed somewhat in appearance, having been removed to its present site, remodeled and repaired in 1850. It formerly stood upon the adjacent lot nearer Hammond street, and fronted upon Main street, or toward West Market Square. In it many of the British troops were quartered during their brief occupation of Bangor in 18 14. It was occupied as the county court-house, as well as somewhat for relig- ious purposes before church edifices were put up here, until 1831, when the present temple of justice and official business, upon the site now occupied on Hammond street, between Court and Franklin, was erected at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. In 1859 the county bought from the city a part of the street in the rear of the court-house premises, about ten thousand square feet in all, for the sum of two thou- sand dollars. In 1858-59 the new jail, with Sheriff's residence attached, was put up at an expense of one hundred thousand dollars; and the county work-shop, west of the jail proper, a rather novel and most com- mendable institution, in 1875, costing twenty thousand dollars. CHANGES IN THE COUNTY.* The town of Corinna was not in the original assign- ment to Penobscot county. By an act of February 10, 1833, it was set off from Somerset, and annexed to this county. March 23, 1838, Piscataquis county was incorporated, taking to the north line of it, then the State boundary, three ranges from Somerset county and, as may, be stated with approximate accuracy, four ranges north of the line of Penobscot towns beginning with Dexter, from this county. March 16, 1839, upon the erection of Aroostook county, Penobscot sustained the further loss of so much of the third, fourth and fifth ranges as lay north of Mattawamkeag, Kingman, and Drew Plantation. Later, March 21, 1843, a further cession was made to Aroostook of so much of the territory of Penobscot as lay in ranges six, seven and eight, north of the townships numbered eight. It may be noted also that the next year, March 12, 1844, all the former possession of this county north of the same line, but then in Piscataquis, was annexed to Aroostook, with enough more from the old tract of Somerset to make about sixty townships. By the same act the division lines between Penobscot and Washington and between Penobscot and Piscataquis, and Aroostook, were altered. There has been no further subtraction from the Penob- scot area since the Aroostook annexation of 1843. Had the British succeeded in establishing the boundary line they claimed under the treaty of 1783, it would have cut off about the equivalent of three townships from the * The several acts of the Legislature relating to the erection of the county and change of its area, will be fonnd in the Appendix. 76 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. present northern part of the county, and very much more as the county lay at the time the claim was pressed. THE CIVIL LIST. Penobscot county has contributed her full share to the roll of civil and well as military honor in the Pine-tree State. Her sons have done grand service to the Nation and the Commonwealth, through more than two genera- tions. We give a civil list as nearly complete as possible ; Hannibal Hamlin, Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives 1837 and 1839; Representative in Con. grass, 1843-47; Senator of the United States, 1857-61^ and 1869-81; Governor of the State, 1858; Vice-President of the United States, 1861-65. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. William D. Williamson, of Bangor, 1821-23; Samuel Butnam, Dixmont, 1827-30; Gorham Parks, Bangor, 1833-37; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1841-43 (now Chan- cellor of the Sandwich Islands and their Minister to the United States); Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1843-47; Charles Stetson, Bangor, 1849-51; Israel Washburn, jr., Orono, 1851-60; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1867-73; Samuel F. Hersey, Bangor, 1873-75; Harris M. Plais- ted, 1875-77; George W. Ladd, 1879-83. GOVERNORS OF THE STATE. William D. Williamson, Bangor, (acting,) 182 1; Ed- ward Kent, Bangor, 1838 and 1840; Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1857; Israel Washburn, jr., Orono, 1861- 62; Daniel F. Davis, Corinth, 1880; Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor, 1881. Penobscot county has thus furnished about one-fifth of the Governors of Maine. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. This was established here October 2, 182 1. Present at this first session: Prentiss Mellen, of Portland, Chief Justice; William Pitt Preble, and Nathan Weston, jr., Associate Justices; Isaac Hodsdon, of Bangor, Clerk; Josiah Brewer, of Brewer, Crier ; George W. Brown, of Bangor, Foreman of Grand Jury; Nathaniel Burrill, Foreman of Traverse Jury, first panel; Daniel Wilkins, Foreman of the second panel. The first actions were those transferred from the Supreme Judicial Court held at Castine, June term, 182 1. John Appleton, Bangor, Associate Justice May 11, 1852, to October 24, 1862, and Chief Justice since the latter date; Joshua W. Hathaway, Bangor, May u, 1852, to May 10, 1859; Jonas Cutting, Bangor, April 20, 1854; reappointed April 20, 1861, and April 20, 1868, served till 1869; Edward Kent, Bangor, May 11, 1859; reappointed May ir, 1866, served till 1873; John A. Peters, Bangor, May 20, 1873; reappointed May 20, 1880, and now serving. • Reporters of the Court.— John Appleton, Bangor, March 5, 1841, to January 22, 1842 (volumes 19 and 20 of the decisions). STATE OFFICES.* Presidents of the Senate.— William D. Williamson, Bangor, 1821; Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1842; Samuel * The roll of State Senators and Representatives from Penobscot county has necessarily to be postponed to the Appendix, Butman, Dixmont, 1853; Franklin Muzzy, Bangor, 1855; Josiah Crosby, Dexter, 1868; Charles Buffum, Orono, 1871; John B. Foster, Bangor, 1873. Secretaries of the Senate. — Daniel Sanborn, Bangor, 1 841; Ezra C. Brett, Oldtown, 1863. Speakers of the House. — Hannibal Hamlin, Hamp- den, 1837 and 1839; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1838; George P. Sewall, Oldtown, 185 1; Lewis Barker, Stet- son, 1867; Edward B. Nealley, Bangor, 1877; Henry Lord, Bangor, 1878. Clerks of the House. — Thomas McGaw, Bangor, 1 831; E. W. Flagg, Bangor, 1849; George W. Wilcox, Dixmont, 1857; S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 1868. Secretary of State.— S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 1876. State Treasurer. — Silas C. Hatch, Bangor, 1874. Attorney-Generals. — Jonathan P. Rogers, Bangor, 1832; Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1848; G. W. IngersoU, Ban- gor, 1850; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1864; Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor, 1873. Adjutant-Generals. — Isaac Hodsdon, Bangor, 1841; Albert Tracy, Bangor, 1852; John L. Hodsdon, Bangor, 1861-66; Melville M. Folson, Oldtown (acting), 1879. Land Agents. — John Hodsdon, Bangor, 1834-47, Elijah L. Hamlin, Bangor, 1838 and 1841; Levi Bradley, Levant, 1842; Isaac R. Clark, Bangor, 1855, 1864-67, and 1879; James Walker, Bangor, 1856; Noah Barker, Exeter, 1857; Edwin C. Burleigh, Bangor, 1876-77. JUDGES OF THE COMMON PLEAS. The Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the third Eastern District, was estabhshed July 2, 18 16. William Crosby, of Belfast, presided as Chief Justice; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice; Thomas Cobb, Clerk; James Poor, of Brewer, Crier. David Perham, of Brewer, ' afterwards of Bangor, was presiding Justice from 1823 to 1839. William Crosby,. Chief Justice, presided to 1822; Eze- kiel Whitman, of Portland, Chief Justice in 1826, '31, '32, and 34; James Campbell, November, 1816; Sam- uel E. Smith, 1824-30; John Huggles, of Thomaston, 1831-34, presided as Justices. This Court was abolished May 12, 1839, and the Dis- trict Court for the Eastern District was established. May 28, 1839. Anson G. Chandler and Frederic H. Allen, were the Justices; Charles Stetson, Clerk; Charles C. Cushman, County Attorney; J. Wingate Carr, Sheriff. The following Justices have presided: — Anson G. Chandler, 1839-43; Frederic H. Allen, of Bangor, 1839-49; Daniel Goodenow, 1847; Joshua W. Hatha- way, of Bangor, 1849-52. This Court was abolished in 1852, and all law business is transacted in the Su- preme Judicial Court. The Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the third Eastern District, established July 2, 181 6, and sitting as a Court of Sessions, held their first session in Bangor on that day. Present : William Crosby, of Belfast, Chief Justice ; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice ; Moses Patten, of Bangor, and Moses Greenleaf, of Williams- burg, Session Justices; Thomas Cobb, Clerk. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 77 Chief Justices of this Court. — Enoch Brown, 1819-22; John Godfrey, 1823-24; Amos Patten, 1825-26; Ed- ward Kent, 1827-28; Thomas A. Hill, 1829-30; all of Bangor. Associate Justices. — Isaac Hodsdon, 1820-21; and Seba French, 1821-31, of Bangor; Ephraim Goodale, of Orrington, 1821-31; and Joseph Kelsey, 1831. The last session of this Court was held April 5, 1831. THE PROBATE COURT is held on the last Tuesday in each month. Judges. — Samuel E. Button, 1816-19; David Par- ham, 1820-21; Martin Kinsley, 1822-23; William D. Williamson, 1824-39; Samuel Cony, 1840-46; E. G. Rawson, 1847-53 ; Daniel Sanborn, 1854-56 ; John E. Godfrey, 1857-80; Elliot Walker, 1881. Registers. — Allen Oilman, 1816-19 ; Alexander Sav- age, 1820-35; Mason S. Palmer, 1836-40; Henry V. Poor, 1841 ; John Williams, 1842-49; Joseph Bartlett, 1857-68; Ambrose C. Flint, 1869-78; John F. Robin- son, 1879. THE COURT OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS was established in 1831, and held its first session Sep- tember 3, 1831. Thomas A. Hill, Chairman. This Court has held its sessions four terms each year, quar- terly, with an adjourned session on the first Tuesday of each month, from that time to the present. Its chief business now relates to roads, bridges, and ferries. The clerk is the County Clerk of the Courts.* COUNTY OFFICERS. The officers of the county are the Commissioners, Clerk of the Courts, County Attorney, Register of Deeds, Treasurer, Sheriff, and Jailor, Deputy Sheriffs, Coroners, Judge of Probate, and Register of Probate. County Clerks : Thomas Cobb, 1816-20; (Mr. Cobb was Clerk from 1802, in Hancock and this county). Isaac Hodsdon, 1821-37; Charles Stetson, 1838-41; Isaac S. Whitman, 1841-42 ; William T. Hilliard, 1842- 52 ; Nathan Weston, jr., 1853-58 ; Augustus S. French, 1859-64; Ezra C. Brett, 186576; James H. Burgess, 1877-79; Ruel Smith, 1880. Sheriffs : Daniel Wilkins, 1829-36 ; Joshua Carpen- ter, 1836-37; Otis Small, 1837-38; J. Wingate Carr, 1838-39 and '41 ; Hastings Strickland, 1839-40 and 42-43; Jabez True, 1843-50; John S. Chadwick, 1850-53, and '61-64; Francis W. Hill, 1853-54; Charles D. Gilmore, 1854-55, and 1857-60; John H. Wilson, 1855-56, and 1865-74; Simon G. Jerard, 1875-78; Louis F. Stratton, 1879. Registers of Deeds: John Wilkins, 1814-24; Charles Rice; 1825-31; Stevens Davis, 1832-34; Jefferson Chamberlain, 1842-57; John Goodale, jr., 1858-67; Amos E. Hardy, 1868. County Treasurers : John Wilkins, 1817-26 ; Charles Rice, 1826-31 ; Levi Bradley, 1832-37 ; Abner Taylor, * The above notes, concerning the courts and their officers, are con- tributed by E. F. Duren, esq. , of Bangor. We add that the first ses- sion of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, in Bangor, began Octo- ber 2, 1821, and held for five days. Justices Mellen, Weston, and Preble were then on the Supreme Bench. 1837-38; Isaac C. Haynes, 1838-45 ; John S. Chadwick, 1845-50; Edward H. Burr, 1850-53; Thomas A. Tay- lor, 1853-54; Ambrose C. Flint, 1854-69; Horace J. Nickerson, 1870-78; Levi Bradley, 1879-80; Miner D. Chapman, 1881. County Attorneys : John Godfrey, 1825.33 ; Albert G. Jewett, 1833-38; William H. McCrillis, 1838-39; Charles C. Cushman, 1839-42 ; George B. Moody, 1841- 42 ; Gorham Parks, 1843-45 ; Isaiah Waterhouse, 1846- 51 ; Asa Waterhouse, 1852 ; John H. Hilliard, 1856-58; Charles Crosby, 1859-61; Charles P. Stetson, 1862-73; Jasper Hutchings, 1874-79; Benjamin H. Mace, 1880. CHAPTER VIIL LAND TITLES— GROWTH. The Muscongus or Waldo Patent — The Twelve Townships Grant — Mt. Desert — Grant to Soldiers, East of Union River — Eddington — The Eastern Lands — Grants " for the Encouragement of Literature" — Original Proprietorship in Penobscot County — The Lottery Lands — Division of Lands between Maine and Massachusetts — Growth of the County — Dates of Settlement of the Towns — Statistics of Pop- ulation — Comparative View from 1790 to 1880 — Statistics of Tax- ation, Wealth, Business, etc. — The Shipping Interest — The First Steamboat — The Lumber Interest — The Ice Industry. THE MUSCONGUS PATENT. The first subdivision of lands in Maine, affecting the Penobscot country, was under the Muscongus or Waldo patent, granted by the Plymouth Council, March 2, 1630, to Beauchamp and Leverett, of Boston, in England, and, nearly a century afterwards, taking the name of the Waldo patent, from the family designation of its then principal proprietors. It included about one million of acres, or thirty miles square, and was not made for immediate purposes of sale, settlement, or civil government, but solely to secure to the grantees a monopoly of the trade in that quarter with the Indians, whose consent to the grant or cession of the lands does not seem to have been considered as in any way necessary. The original sur- vey of the patent, probably, did not enter at any point the present Penobscot county; at all events, the north line of the Patent was subsequently settled as being upon the south line of this county west of the Penobscot — that is, upon the boundary of Hampden, Newburg and Dixmont. In 1785 the Government proposed to the Waldo proprietors that the thirty-mile tract should be- surveyed and set apart for them, if they would quiet the titles of all settlers found upon it, who were in possession before April 19, 1775, and execute a release to all other lands they claimed under the patent. The proposal was accepted; but the survey made ran so far to the west as to include several townships held under the Plymouth Patent. A re-survey became necessary, and was ordered February 23, 1798. Thomas Davis was appointed agent of the Government, to assign to the Waldo proprietors a tract above the north line of their territory equal to that they had lost by the re-survey. He selected for them four townships now among the most valuable in this 78 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. county, reserving only the lots of settlers already upon them. They were Bangor, 18,740 acres; Hampden, 22,188; Hermon, 24,360; and Newburg, 17,497—84,- 785 acres in all. To this extent, then, the county of Penobscot may be held to have been . in some sense within the Waldo Patent. The assignment to the pro- prietors was made February 5, 1800. About 3,200 acres from these townships afterwards reverted to the Govern- ment, and were divided between Maine and Massachus- etts in the arrangement of May 21, 1828. THE TWELVE TOWNSHIPS. In 1762, the settlements about Penobscot, and to the east of it, multiplying somewhat rapidly under the in- creased feeling of security produced by the erection of Fort Pownall, many petitions were sent to the Provincial authorities for the concession of lands. Twelve town- ships, each to be six miles square, or its equivalent, were accordingly granted by the General Court, in the expec- tation that the Crown would confirm the grant. The townships were to be laid out east of the Penobscot River, in a regular contiguous manner. Six of them fell upon the east side of 'Union River, which took its name as the line of meeting for the halves of the grants, the other six townships lying between it and the St. Croix. The former six were granted to David Marsh and 359 others named in the patents; the latter to several bodies of petitioners. Mr. Williamson gives the follow- ing account of the conditions of the grant : These grantees, as voluntary associates and tenants in common, individually bound themselves, their heirs and assigns, in a penal bond of ^50, conditioned to lay out no one of the townships more than six miles in extent, on the bank of the Penobscot or on the seacoast; to present to the General Court for their acceptance plans of the survey by the 31st of the ensuing July; to settle each township with sixty Protestant families within six years, after obtaining the King's appro- bation, and build as many dwelling-houses, at least eighteen feet square; also to fit for tillage three hundred acres of land, erect a meet- ing-house, and settle a minister. There were reserved in each township one lot for parsonage purposes, another for the first settled minister, a third for Harvard college, and a fourth for the use of schools. In these and all other conveyances of the Crown lands lying between Sagadahock and St. Croix, the patents or deeds were signed by the Governor and Speaker, countersigned by the Provincial Secretary and conditioned, according to the restrictive clause in the charter, to be valid whenever they were confirmed by the King — otherwise without effect. The names also of the patentees were inserted, the boundaries described, and the conditions expressed; each patent closing with a proviso that the grantee " yield one-fifth part of all the gold and silver ore and precious stones found therein." In a narrative of certain well-known military events upon the Castine peninsula in 1779, dated 1781, and entitled Siege of Penobscot by the Rebels, with an Ac- count of the Country of Penobscot, by John Calef, vol- unteer, we find the following record of these townships, with some notes of progress: At the end of the last war, viz., in 1763, the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay granted thirteen townships, each of six miles square, lying on the east side of Penobscot river, to thirteen companies of pro- prietors, who proceeded to lay out the said townships, and returned plans thereof to the General Assembly, which were approved and ac- cepted. In consequence of this measure, about sixty families settled on each township, and made great improvements of the land. The settlers employed the then agent for the said Province at the Court of Great Britain, to solicit the royal approbation of those grants, and in the year 1773 as also in the last year (t78o) they sent an agent e.xpressly on their own account for the [same purpose, and further to pray that his Majesty would be graciously pleased to sever that District from the Province of Massachusetts Bay and erect it into a Government under the authority of the Crown ; which solicitation has hitherto, how- ever, been without effect. In October, 1772, there were in this District forty-two towns and 2,638 families, who have since greatly increased, at least in the propor- tion of one-fourth, which is 559 families, making" in the whole 3,297 families. Reckoning, then , five souls to each family (which is a moder- ate computation), there are now 16,485 souls. To this new country the Loyalists resort with their families (last sum- mer, in particular, a great number of families were preparing to remove thither) from the New England provinces, and find an asylum from the tyranny of Congress and their tax-gatherers, as well as daily employ- ment in fishing, lumbering, and clearing and preparing land for their subsistence; and there they continue in full hope and pleasing expecta- tion that they may soon re-enjoy the liberties and privileges which would be best secured to them by laws, and under a form of government modelled after the British constitution; and that they rnay be covered in their possessions, agreeably to the petition to the Throne in 1773, which was renewed last year. Mr. Calef probably included in his enumeration of townships, in order to make up thirteen, the island of Mt. Desert, which was granted by the General Court to Governor Bernard — for his "extraordinary services," they said, but very likely, as Williamson suggests, "in fact and in policy, to secure his influence and efforts to- wards obtaining the royal assent." They make, indeed, a pertinent hint to him in their resoluiion or address : "Your immediate and undivided attention to the subject is more especially requested because a sufficient number of sub- scribers or applicants have come forward, ready to go and settle thirteen townships [including his own] as soon as the royal confirmation can be obtained." We do not learn that the King's assent to the grants was definitely given ; but they were never formally revoked. After the Revolution, in 1785, the grants were confirmed by the Legislature of Massachusetts, with some new conditions. In the representations the agent of the settlers was in- structed to make to the British Government, the settlers reported the soil "as remarkably good, well adapted to the culture of every sort of English grain, and hemp, flax, etc. — and especially good for grazing, in which it ex- cels any other part of America, — and for raising cattle. Its woods abound with moose and other kinds of deer, and several kinds of game, good for food. On the rivers and streams are two hundred saw- mills. . . , It gives promise of being a rich and fruitful country." None of these townships lay within the boundaries of Penobscot county. They were nearer to the coast. As a part of the history of the valley, however, and of the settlement of the Eastern country, we have thought the twelve townships worthy of this notice. A PATRIOTIC GRANT, In 1764 the General Court, in answer to numerous appeals from those who had served in the various wars of the period, caused a list of them to be made, begin- ning with those who had been in the first Louisburg ex- pedition, and then had for them a second tier of town- ships east of Union river surveyed, and all the islands on the coast, except Mt. Desert, in order, as they said, "that some further reward for their brave services might be given them in the unappropriated lands of this Prov. ince." The King, it is said, encouraged by his procla. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 79 mation the making of these grants, without any pecuni- ary terms or conditions. About the same time, two "ranging parties," in the in- terest of public-land operations, were employed by the Government to explore the Penobscot and St. Croix waters. THE EDDY GRANT. In 1785 Colonel Jonathan Eddy, of Norton, Massa- chusetts,, but a resident near Fort Cumberland, at the head of Chignecto Bay, Nova Scotia, before the Revolu- tion, and his companions in a courageous exploit at the outbreak of the war, they having become refugees after the struggle closed, were recommended by Congress to the consideration of the State of Massachusetts. The Commonwealth accordingly granted to Colonel Eddy and nineteen others of the refugees, by an act of June 14, 1785, tracts of various size on the east side of the Penobscot, in the neighborhood of the head of tide- water. Altogether they made up 9,000 acres and now constitute the major part of the town of Eddington, which is named from Colonel Eddy. The grants were conditioned that each grantee should erect a dwelling on his lot within two years after the concession, and that the place should be immediately settled. The islands in Penobscot Bay were surveyed about this time, and the settlers .thereon allowed their lots for a merely nominal consideration, making them in effect free grants from the State Government, on account of sufferings and privations during the Revolution. A minister was also employed by the State, to preach dur- ing half the year in the destitute plantations of Lincoln county, then including the present Penobscot, who was to be paid out of the State tax derived from the inhabi- tants. THE EASTERN LANDS. These were originally regarded as including the large ungranted tracts lying in the present counties of Penob- scot, Washington, Somerset and Oxford, belonging to the State. The first Commissioners of Eastern Lands were Jedediah Preble, of Falmouth, Jonathan Greenleaf, of New Gloucester, David Sewall, of York, John Lewis, of North Yarmouth, and William Lithgow, of George- town. They were appointed by the General Court of Massachusetts, May i, 1781, with duties, according to Mr. Williamson, "to inquire into all the encroachments upon the wild, unappropriated lands of the State, to ex- amine the rights and pretexts of claimants, and to pros- ecute obstinate intruders and trespassers, yet liquidate fair adjustments with all such as were disposed to do right, upon principles of equity, good faith, and duty." There was beginning to be, it seems, considerable tim- ber-stealing from the public lands. This commission resigned its powers three years after- wards, hiving done arduous and faithful service ; and in March, 1784, Samuel Phillips, jr., of Roxbury, Nathan- iel Wells, of Wells, and Nathan Dane, of Beverly, were appointed a new commission, with enlarged powers. "These were instructed by the General Court to inquire into all trespasses, illegal entries, and encroachments upon the .public lands; to ascertain how far grantees had complied with their engagements, and what were the limits of the tracts owned or claimed by the Indian tribes; and to report the expediency of employing skil- ful surveyors to run out six townships on the river St. Croix-, four on the west side of Penobscot; above the Waldo Patent, and all the territory on the eastern side of the latter river between the Indian lands and the twelve townships conditionally granted before the war. For these purposes they were directed to send one of their number to visit this District, in person." The Com- mission was authorized to offer an actual settler a tract of 150 acres anywhere upon the navigable waters of Maine at the rate of one dollar per acre, or to give him outright as much as 100 acres elsewhere, if he would make a clearing of sixteen acres thereon within four years. A State land office was now opened; General Rufus Put- nam was appointed Surveyor-General, and the public lands were advertised for sale in quantities to suit pur- chasers. By June, 1795, parcels of Eastern lands had been sold to the value of two hundred and sixty-nine thousand dollars, and a contract made for the purchase from the Government of 2,839,453 acres more, with a reservation of 103,680 acres for masts. 431,000 acres had been granted for the encouragement of literature "and for other useful and humane purposes," and yet 8,700,000 acres were left. Nearly one-third of these were sold, or granted for various public purposes, during the next twenty years; and in 1816 it was believed but about 6,- 000,000 were still in the hands of the Commonwealth. More exactly, there were in Maine 6,596,480 acres of public land still unsold, of which about five millions were in Penobscot county. GRANTS FOR SCHOOLS. A number of the grants mentioned as made " for the encouragement of literature"' came into Penobscot county. The act of incorporation of Bowdoin College, in June, 1794, gave for its foundation five full townships of unappropriated lands — saving three lots of three hun- dred and twenty acres apiece in each — upon every one of which fifteen families were to be settled within twelve years. The College committee selected Dixmont, in this county, and the four townships now Sebec, Foxcroft, Guilford, and Abbott, in Piscataquis county. Etna and part of Plymouth were afterwards acquired by Bowdoin college. Marblehead academy secured Exeter, Leicester Academy Stetson Plantation, and Williams College Garland and Lee. Bridgeton Academy got Maxfield, Warren Academy a township in the Waldo Patent, and Waterville College a large part of township three, in the west side of the Penobscot. Hopkins Academy Grant, fifty miles north of Bangor, still retains that name. The total grants to literary institutions in the present State of Massachusetts amounted to 354,230 acres; in Maine 490,545 acres. Some thousands of acres were also granted for other purposes; as, in the Penobscot region, 5,760 to the proprietors of the Duck-trap bridge, to aid in building that work. A part of Kingman, in this county, was included in the grant for building the bridge. Newburg, in Penobscot, it should be added. 8o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. is on part of the large tract granted to General Knox for his military services. By 1816, 617,257 acres of public lands had been sold in Penobscot county, at an average . of thirty-four cents per acre, or a total sum of $210,- 400.13. The acres remaining unsold in incorporated towns and plantations of the District numbered 487,040; in those not incorporated or settled, 1,281,860 acres were owned by private persons — the Indians, however, held 460,000; and 6,233,400 were still owned by the State. The total acreage of the District of Maine was then 8,- 003,100. ORIGINAL PROPRIETORSHIP. The following list of townships in the Penobscot Val- ley, with their acreage of public lands alienated in each by the year 1820, and their original proprietors, is de- rived from Greenleaf's Survey of the State of Maine, pubhshed in 1829: TOWNSHIPS. ACRES. ORIGINAL TITLES. Brewer 23,708 Moses Knapp et al. Orrington 11,759 Brown & Fowler. Carmel 22,623 M. Kinsley. Corinth 23,010 John Peclc. Charleston 24,794 John Lowell. Dixmont 21,284 Bowdoin College. Dutton [Glenbnrn] 22,692 H. Jackson. Dexter 25,522 Ainos Bond et al. Exeter 22,682 Marblehead Academy. Eddington 9,834 Jonathan Eddy et al. E'na 25,708 Bowdoin College. Garland 22,536 Williams College. ] arvis Gore fClifton] 15, 000 Leonard Jarvis et al. Kirkland [Hudson] 23,085 H. Jackson. Levant 22,325 William Wetmore. Maxfield 10,950 Bridgeton Academy. Newport 21, 104 David Green. Orono 21,946 Settlers et al. Sunkhaze PI. [Milford] 13,139 " No. 4 E. of Penobscot. . . . 3,795 J. Bracket! et al. Stetson Plantation 23.040 Leicester Academy. No. r, 6th R 23,040 J. P. Boyd. No- 3. 8th R 11,220 W. C. Whitney etal. No. 5, 9th R 23,040 Town of Boston. No.2,2dR.,N.oflotteryIandsii,22o y. E. Foxcroft. No. 3, 2d R." ■• 3,040 Williams College. N0.6, 9th R., N. of Waldo pat. 11,520 Warren Academy. No. 7, 4th R 23,040 Thos. Munkhouse. Gore adj. Eddington 1,000 T. Harding. No. I, W. side Penobscot. . 505 Settlers. Nos. 2&3, '■ •• ..5,000 John Bennock. Rem. of No. 3, ■' . .29,164 Waterville College. No, 4 (Orono) 9,303 Sundry. No. I, E. of Penobscot 961 Settlers et al. Coldstream PI 5,000 Joseph Treat. No.6,4thR., N. oflotteryrnds.5,760 Proprietors Duck-trap Bridge "LOTTERY LANDS." The mention of these in the above table, as well as the general interest and importance of their place in the early land history of the State, justifies a notice of them here. The close of the war of the Revolution left Mas- sachusetts heavily in debt, and it was resolved, as we have seen, to raise money by the sale of tlie unsettled lands in Maine. Sales through the land office dragged, however, and in 1786 it was resolved to organize a lot- tery for the disposal of fifty townships, between the Penobscot and the Passamaquoddy. Tickets to the number of 2,720, each for a tract of land, of size varying from a quarter-section, or half a mile square, to an entire township, in a specified township, were put on sale at the uniform price of sixty pounds apiece, for which payment might be made in the notes or evidences of in- debtedness given by the State to its soldiers, or in any other of its public securities. Had all been sold the avails would have^been ^163,200. The lands were not yet sufficiently in demand, however, from the general ignorance concerning their value and the poverty pro- duced by the war; and only 437 tickets were purchased, bringing ^^26,220, or $87,400, into the State Treasury. The drawing took place in March, 1786, under the management of the Eastern Lands Commission, and 165,280 acres were found to have been drawn, at an average price of fifty-two cents per acre. The Govern- ment subsequently exchanged other lands with those purchasers who had drawn a whole township, or its equivalent. Mr. Williamson thus describes the property drawn : These townships were Nos. 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7=15 in the east division ; and numbers from 14 to 43, both in- clusive=3o in the middle division ; and Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6=5 in the northern division, beginning at the northwest corner of No. 3, at Union River, thence north 30 miles, and including one tier north of the end of that line, except the corner township ; thence east to the Schoodic [St. CroixJ ; then southerly through Denny's River to Orange- town; thence westerly back of Machias, Columbia, etc., to the first corner mentioned. The townships drawn, and their inhabitants, were to be exempted from taxation for fifteen years. Neverthe- less the scheme was not an eminent success. Mr. Wil- liamson says that "if this project drew in a large amount of the public securities, it did not promote the settlement of Maine." The lottery land business was stopped, and straight sales were relied upon by the State thereafter. About 1795 an era of speculation in Eastern lands set in, and in that year the State stopped the sales for a time. Grants were liberally made, however, during the last decade of the century, for educational and other ■ purposes, as we have noticed. Some lands thus appro- priated were bought back at once by the State; others were held and sold by the grantees. The land market thus soon became glutted. From each township sold by the State there were re- served four lots of 320 acres each— one for the State, one for the first minister of the gospel whom the peojjle voted to settle, one for the ministerial fund provided for the support of the said minister, and one for the commoo school fund. The purchasers of townships were required to secure a certain number of actual settlers upon each by a specified time, under pain of forfeiture. Some buyers obtained an extension of time from the General Court. By the close of the last century a vast breadth of the wild lands of the State had been surveyed. Between 1785 and 1810 a great number of acres were sold (more than three and one-half millions of acres, or the equiva- lent of 150 townships, were transferred by sale or gift by 1795); but the settlement of the District was not greatly promoted. The prices obtained, too, were very low, until 1820 averaging but 20 cents per acre. By that year 739,428 acres in Penobscot county had been settled or incorporated, with an average population of twelve persons to the square mile. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. THE BINGHAM PURCHASE demands a brief notice. Present at the drawing of the lottery, probably, in March, 1786, was Mr. William Bing- ham, of Philadelphia, a man of large wealth and enter- prising views. He relieved the State of such of the lottery lands as were not drawn by ticket-holders, and also purchased of the latter many of their prize lots. These constitute the famous "Bingham Purchase," in which some of the lands of Penobscot county lie. Mr. Williamson, writing about 1830, says: "The heirs own another large tract in Maine — 2,350,000 acres in all." THE "burnt lands," according to Morse's Universal Geography, edition of 1 81 9, which cites the Rev. Mr. May as authority, ex- tended "from near Penobscot river fifty or sixty miles in a westerly direction, and south of those high clusters of mountains which pass under the names of Abema, the Sisters, and Spencer mountains. The breadth of these lands is very irregular; perhaps ten miles may be con- sidered as the mean breadth. The trees on this exten- sive tract were first prostrated by some violent tempest, which happened about the year 1795. The general face of these lands is level, and the tempest must have poured over the mountains like water over a dam, for the bodies of the trees fell from the north, in which direc- tion the mountains lie. This extensive tract was set on fire (whether by lightning or by the carelessness of the hunters, or through design, for the convenience of hunt- ing, is uncertain) about the year 1803, at the time the inhabitants first began to settle on those ranges of town- ships which lie north of the Waldo patent, and spread over the whole tract. A fire was again kindled on this tract in. the summer of 181 1, but being baffled by shift- ing winds and finally extinguished by rain, it continued its ravages but a few days and spread over but few miles of territory. But the trunks of trees, the outsides of which are now reduced to coal, and the combustibles an- nually accumulated from the leaves of decayed veget- ables, from such a body of timber as that a fire, in any dry time and fanning wind, would renew and extend its ravages over the whole tract. The face of Nature has been laid bare by conflagrations. The hills, ponds, and streams are no longer embowered, as in the wilderness, but are laid open to the eye of the beholder from chosen eminences. The appearance of the whole country, in the season of vegetation, is not unlike that of a culti- vated country, but we can nowhere behold the dwellings of men or the shelters of animals nurtured by his care, but are left to fancy them in rocks, which have the ap- pearance of the abodes of men at a distance. The margins of a few of the rivers, where the land was low and marshy, are lined with its ancient growth, which keeps the eye from tiring with the uniformity of the prospect. Multitudes of animals must have perished, the bones of which have been discovered." at THE separation of Maine from Massachusetts, the act of 1820 provided that the public lands in the district remaining unsold should be surveyed and divided equally between the States. The first division under this arrangement was made December 28, 1822. The old Indian Purchase on the Penobscot was divided according to the act. The reserved lots in the townships of Corinth, Newport, Button (Glenburn), Kirkland (Hudson), Orrington, Co- rinna, and No. i. Range 6, were assigned to Massachu- setts; those in Charleston, Carmel, Jarvis Gore (Clifton), and No. 3, Range 8, were turned over to Maine. There were subsequently other divisions. THE INDIAN LANDS. The transfer of these by treaty has been sufficiently noticed, for the purposes of this History, in our chapter on the Indians of Maine. The following observations, however, inadvertently omitted in that place, may be fitly given here. They are from the authorship of the Hon. John E. Godfrey, in his valuable article on The Ancient Penobscots, contributed to the seventh volume of the Maine Historical Collections. He is treating in this of the arrangements with the Penobscots: The Indians, however, afterwards claimed title to the territory six miles wide, on both sides of the river, above the thirty miles relin- quished in 1796, to an indefinite extent, and assumed to sell the timber from it. To prevent this, the Government of IVTassachusetts appointed another commission, in 1818, consisting of Edward H. Robbins, Dan- iel Davis, and Mark L. Hill, who met Governor Etienne, Lieutenant- Governor Neptune, Captain Francis, and other chiefs of the tribe — in all twenty-seven — on the 24th of June, at Bangor. A IVlasonic celebration occurred at this time, and it was deemed ex- pedient by the municipal officers to make the occasion memorable by a general celebration. Accordingly, they provided for a holiday and a procession. The Freemasons gave the Com-missioners a dinner at Lumbert's then famous hotel, on Hancock street; after which the pro- cession, consisting of the municipal officers, magistrates of the county, military officers. Rev. Thomas Wilhams, strangers, and citizens, escorted them to the court-house ["ancient city hall"], where a large audience of ladies and gentlemen was assembled. The chiefs, who were rather noble looking sons of the forest and showily dressed, accompanied by General John Blake [Indian agent], IMajor Treat, and Captain Webster, afterwards entered the house. As they entered, the Commissioners arose to receive them. Solicitor General Davis — who, tradition says, had a kindly regard for the fairer portion of the tribe — addressed them. Lieutenant-Governor Neptune, a chief of command- ing figure, of great dignity of manner, and extensive influence among his people, made the reply. The result of the conference was that Massachusetts obtained a release of all the Indians' interest in the terri- tory, excepting four townships, six miles square, two contiguous to the nine townships formerly released, and two near the mouth of the Mat- tawamkeag River — one on each side of the Penobscot and opposite each other — which, with the islands in the river above Oldtown Falls, were to belong to the Indians, for occupation, forever. As compensa- tion for this relinquishment, the Commissioners agreed that the Indi- ans should have also, for occupation, two acres of land in Brewer, opposite Kenduskeag Point; to employ a suitable man to teach them husbandry; to repair their church at Oldtown; to deliver there in Octo- ber yearly, 500 bushels of corn, 15 barrels of flour, 7 barrels of clear pork, I hogshead of molasses, 100 yards of broadcloth (of blue and red), 50 blankets, 100 pounds of gunpowder, 400 pounds of shot, 150 pounds of tobacco, 6 boxes of chocolate, and $50 in silver. At the time they made them a present of i six-pound gun, 1 swivel, i box of pipes, 50 knives, 6 brass kettles, 200 yards of calico, 2 drums, 4 fifes, and 300 yards of ribbon. An annual stipend of $350 was appropriated by the Government for their religious teacher. After the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, Maine assumed the obligations of Massachusetts to the Indians, and renewed the treaty at the conrt-house, in Bangor, on the 17th of August, 1820. The Commissioner on the part of Maine was Hon. Lathrop Lewis. The. first meeting was on the 15th of August, when the Commissioner made the proposition that Maine would take upon itself the obligations of Massachusetts, provided the tribe would release Massachusetts. The chiefs— who were the same who made the last treaty with Massa- chusetts—took time to consider. On the 17th the conference was 82 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. renewed. The chiefs were dressed in scarlet coats or robes, ornament- ed with silver brooches and with beads, after the Indian mode of that day, and made quite a distinguished appearance. Captain Francis made a speech, and, in behalf, of the tribe, accepted the proposition of Commissioner Lewis, to which Colonel Lewis replied. After the treaty was signed, Colonel Lewis presented from Governor King to Governor Etienne and Lieutenant-Governor Neptune, a fine piece of scarlet broad-cloth, for each a coat. To each of the other chiefs he gave a silver breast-plate, upon which was engraved the arms of the State of Maine. The presents were received with great apparent pleasure. We conclude this chapter with some notes on the growth of Penobscot county. The progress of settlement and the increase of population in the Province have already been noted, to the year 1769, when the founda- tions of civilization were laid at Bangor. Mr. William- son has an interesting note concerning this period. Un- der the date of 1768 he writes: The increase and extension of settlements in the Penobscot countiy had become so affronting to the Tarratines that some of them began to utter bold threats against their progress. Hence the Gover- nor told the House that a chaplain ought to be under constant pay at Fort Pownall, who might preach to the settlers in the audience of the Indians; "for," added he, "there is no minister of the Gospel within a circle of loo miles' diameter, now generally peopled, though but thinly; and the settlers of themselves are unable to maintain one." Nay, if the claim to the territory eastward of Penobscot river were to be maintained against the natives, and the improvement of it pro- moted by an enterprising population, the fortress, he said, must be made a more respectable establishment. Happily agreeing with him in his Eastern politics, the General Court augmented the garrison from twelve to twenty men, and provided for the support of a chaplain, at the ex- pense of £^ by the month. During the previous year the enterprising Governor had had his eye upon the promotion of settlement in the Penobscot country. The same historian says: Animated by a perspective of the Penobscot country filled with peo- ple, the Governor told the General Court, during their winter session, that "a great many families" stood ready to remove thither and settle, provided there were no obstacles in the way of their obtaining a title to the lands. The subject was popular, and he urged its importance upon their consideration with earnestness, believing that permanent settle- ments there would become supports essential to the strength and inter- ests of the Province. In 1795, with a view to the more rapid settlement of the Eastern lands, the "Massachusetts Society for the Aid of Emigrants" was formed. A "truck-house" had previously, in 1760, been estab- lished at the Fort, which did a large business, and yielded the Government considerable profit. The commander of the Fort was "truck-master." This was the same year that Lieutenant Joshua Treat settled near Fort Pownall. THE POPULATION of the county in 1790 (that is, the portion of the State now constituting the county) was 1,154; in 1800, 3,009; in 1810, 7,831; 1820, 13,870; 1830, 22,962; 1840, 46,049; 1850, 63,089; i860, 72,737; 1870, 75,150; 1880, 70,478. In 1870 the population was the largest of any county in the State except Cumberland. The number of polls in the county in 1880 was 17.407— largest of any in the State except Cumberland; and its estates had an assessed valuation of $22,697,890 in 1870, and $.21,408,151 ten years later. The county has now fifty-five towns, one city, and seven incorporated plantations — the largest number of towns of any county in the State. The following table presents a comparative view of the growth of the several parts of the county during the last hundred years : TOWNS. 179a 1800 1 810 1820 1830 184a 1850 i860 1870 1880 252 338 14432 1296 796 2628 481 1225 401 1283 340 306 I5S« 1600 1948 1605 531 379 16407 1558 844 1273 470 1430 318 307 1507 1790 2363 1442 • S08 ...3P7 i8iB9' fj 553 ;:«|5>? 03? M9B 350 348 1513 1462 2875 776 5^' l« 844 ■434 1306 720 621 317 3068 1489 758 176 739 185 770 622 108 960 1 159 1530 448 SI 356 156 s Ills 1559 Jill . 1768 243 94 704 387 419 287 16855 1460 829 3170 536 A 1 8^2^ 1000 395 1736 350 520 "^567 277 B50 1221 2868 403 t477 786 1341 1049 1078 123 153 =37 Carroll 625 210 344 8S9 1269 277 185 1704 1308 1464 1498 362 350 1503 '333 2363 1132 89s 1274 50 139 1077 712 88s 945 189 296 59 337 515 110 167 205 276 405 595 52 346 745 2052 1065 .664 261 696 3^5 802 1853 1247 905 457 856 48 526 1783 1498 656 359 3085 1433 865 174 771 Kn field 78 140 236 89 194 583 207 362 1438 621 §Glenburn 65s 68/ 337 291/ "394 717 ■37 1% i^j i6s9 904 82 1279 179 ,478 277 535 2663 1042 3195 1374 II 1 50 72 3=9 351 322 351 214 717 54 Kingman (formerly In- dependence Plantat'n) 8j6 690 33S 482 Lee 724 1061 1121 205 97 2'' 1841 1356 378 939 1361 ' 1631 556 236 162 129 146 143 747 Maxfield 186 i8s 139 628 ttMilford 98 .46 250 474 687 744 734 310 I0S7 145' 3395 2245 1529 .302 62 216 ,,8 328 512 626 897 963 1138 2342 1399 1210 3087 2785 1852 295 136s 3^6^ 2533 1io 105 989 226 854 77 351 415 Passadumkeag 394 Pattagumpus Plantat'n. Patten 470 925 716 S03 843 8z8 ii6 Springfield 546 583 937: 729 08 31 14 616 88s ■ 913 893 28| 118 West Indian Plantat'n . . 13 Whitney Ridge Plant'n 8^3 230 Winn 7I4I 898 Township 3, R. i 22 25 61 19 TOC 128- Township A, R. 7 29 Township 2, R. g No. 2, Grand Falls PI'n ''Settlements" 1074 170 *Including adjacent settlements. ■tTaken with Orrington and adjacent settlements. J Formerly Jarvis's Gore. §Formerly Dutton. IITaken with Maxfield. ITFormerly Kirkland. **East Indian Plantation. ttFormerly Sunkhaze Plantation. By the census of 1800, the "townships in Penobscot,' Nos. I, 2, and 3; those east of the river, Nos. i, 2, and 3 (Sunkhaze, now Milford), and 4, and the people "on State's land," numbered together 149. In 1810 the town- ships on Penobscot, Nos. i, 2, and 3, had 46, and in 1820, 108. In 1820 No. I had 60, and No. i east of Penobscot 99. In 18 10 No. 2 east of Penobscot had 39, No. 3 (Sunkhaze), 98, and No. 4, 136; in 1820 these townships, respectively, had 18, 146, and 125. In 1810 the residents "on State's land" numbered 71, and in 1820 37. In the latter year, No. i, Sixth Range, had 2; No. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 83 7, Eighth Range, 4; and No. 6, Ninth Range (now in Piscataquis county), 12. In 1840 Township No. 4 had 41; Township 3, Range 8, 29; Lower Indian Township, west of Penobscot river, 37; Indian Township, Wood- ville, No. 2, 6; Hopkins Academy Grant, 3; unincor- porated townships north of Lincoln, 147; west half of Township No. 6, 147 ; Township No. 7, 30. In 1880 No. 3 had 12; No. 3, Range 3, 17; and No. 2, Range 2, and No. Range 4, together, 9. By 1790, 120 square miles in the present territory of Penobscot county had been settled, with an average pop- ulation of nearly ten to the square mile. Ten years later more than three times the space of 1790, or 390 square miles, were inhabited, but with a population slightly thin- ner, numbering scarcely eight to the mile. In r8io, the numbers, respectively, were 970 and 8; in 1820, 1,143 (739,428 acres), and 12. At thelattei date the average of population for the whole State was but 8^3 to the mile. • The gain of population in this county from 1790 to 1800 was 1855, or 161 per cent; from 1800 to 1810 it was 4,822, or 160 per cent; from 1810 to 1820, 6,039, or 77' percent; from 1820 to 1830, 9,092, or 65-4 per cent; from 1830 to 1840, 23,087, or a little more than too per cent; from 1840 to 1870, 17,040, or nearly 30 per cent. The increase since has not been so rapid; and during the decade 1870-80 the population of Penobscot, like that of many other counties, fell off by a small percentage^ Of the population of 1820, 13,870 in all, 2,858 were engaged in the pursuits of agriculture, 25 1 in manufac- tures, and 140 in commerce — in proportions, severally, to every thousand engaged, of 880, 77, and 43. SETTLEMENTS IN PENOBSCOT COUNTY. Full notes of these will be made in our special histo- ries of the towns of the county and of Bangor. A rapid summary of dates has been prepared for this work by Mr. Elnathan F. Duren, of the latter place, as follows : — The earliest regular settlement of the county com- menced in Bangor, in 1769; then followed settlements at Brewer and Orrington, 1770; Hampden, 1772; Old- town, 1773; Orono, 1774; Veazie, 1786; Eddington, 1780; Holden, 1786; Hermon, 1791; Newport, 1794; Charleston and Corinth, 1795, Carmel, 1796; Levant and Newburg, 1798; Dixmont, 1799; Hudson, Kendus- keag, Milford, and Stetson, 1800; Dexter and Exeter, 1801; Garland, 1802; Bradford, 1803; Corinna, 1804; Glenburn, 1806; Etna and Plymouth, 1807; Clifton and Greenfield, 1812; Passadumkeag, 1813; Maxfield, 1814; Bradley, 1817; Alton, Argyle, Howland, and La- grange, 1818; Enfield and Lowell, 1819; Chester, Green- bush, Medway, Pattagumpus, West Indian, and Wood- ville, 1820; Lincoln, 1823; Burlington and Lee, 1824; Mattamiscontis, 1825; Edinburg, 1827; Patten, 1828; Carroll, No. 2 Grand Falls, and Springfield, 1830; Mat- tawamkeag, 1834: Winn, 1835; Prentiss and Whitney Ridge, 1836; Mount Chase, 1838; Webster Plantation, 1843; Drew Plantation, 1845; Stacy ville, 1850; Lake- ville Plantation, 1855; Kingman, 1864. STATISTICS OF TAXATION, ETC. In the table of valuations for the taxation of 1801 in Hancock county, in which Penobscot was then included, only Bangor, Hampden, and Orrington appear as repre- sentatives of what is now Penobscot county. Hancock county, all told, had then but 1,917 polls. The average price of dwelling-houses for taxation in that county at an earlier date (1793) was but i6s, id. In 18 1 6 the first year of Penobscot county, it had iiS93 polls, estates valued at $37,503.86, and a tax of $6.52 On the $1,000, as against $19.56 in the older Han- cock county. The number of buildings and principal manufacturing establishments in the county, as rendered to the Legis- lature in 1820, was as follow: Dwelling-houses, 1,315; barns, 1,212; shops attached to dwellings, 28; shops and stores detached, 74; tanneries, 5; pot- and pearlash works, 9; grist-mills, 30, with 36 pairs of stones; saw- mills, 36, with 43 saws; carding machines, 15; fulling- mills, 9; all other mills, i; bakehouse, 1; all other ■workshops, I ; warehouses, rope works, distilleries, cotton and woolen factories, spinning machines, slitting-mills, ironworks, and furnaces, none. These numbers com- pared favorably with those of most other counties in the State. In 1826 the values per acre afifixed by the Legislature to the wood and unimproved land in the several towns and townships of Penobscot county were as follow : Ban- gor, $1.50; Brewer and Orrington, $1; Carmel, Atkinson, Corinth, Dixmont, Newburg, Sebec, and Sangerville, 75 cents; Eddington, Newport, and Orono, 80 cents; Fox- croft, Guilford, and Williamsburg, 60 cents; Etna, Dut- ton, Kirkland, Maxfield, Brownville and Stetson Planta- tion,5ocents; Blakesburg and Milo, 40cents; Bowerbank and Jarvie's Gore, 30 cents; Kilmarnock and adjoining lands, and No. i, Range 6, 25 cents; No. 3, Range 2, east of river. No. 3, 8th Range, and No. 5, 9th Range, 20 cents. The net amount of postages accruing . in each post- office of the county the same year was : Atkinson, $16.- 67; Bangor, $802.49; Birch Stream, 35 cents; Blakes- burg, $4.72; Brewer, $60.69; Brownville, $8.85; Carmel, $6.08; Corinth, $11.08; East Corinth, $3.75; Dexter, $31.90; Dixmont, $48.31; Dover, $26.49; Dutton, $2.19; Etna, $5.09; Exeter, $31.08; Foxcroft, $30.20; Garland, $20.03; Guilford, $13.37; Howland, $2.77; Hampden, $1x0.45; Kirkland, $1.94; Kilmarnock, $3.37; Maxfield, $1.48; Milo, $15.79; Newburg, $14.54; North Charles- ton, $20.14; Newport, $23.03; Orono, $53.48; Oldtown, $io.8o; Orrington, $37.05; Sangerville, $31.32; Sebec, $33-39; Williamsburg, $12.95. The total net amount of postage for the county was but $1,491.34. This, however, was more for each inhabitant, on an average, than was paid by any other county in the State, except Cumberland and Washington, being 10.7 cents against II. 7 and 15.7 in those counties. In amount paid per $1,000 worth of taxable property, it exceeded Cumber- land and every other county but Washington, standing to this in the ratio of $1.65 to $1.91. In 1820, the official returns made to the State Legis- lature from this county exhibited in much detail its de- 84 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE velopment and resources at that date. The reports were tabulated as follow below. The first four columns of figures are in terms of acres ; those relating to grain in bushels, hay in tons, and the last column gives the num- ber of cows that the pasture of the township would keep. Towns. 5^- p.* SB S- t/3 3 n I" p. X I 144 231 118 131 129 121 22 170 III 203 92 210 SI4 n8 Bangor Brewer Carmel Corinth .' Charleston Dixraont *Dutton Dexter Eddington , . . Exeter Etna Garland Hampden Hermon Rowland and Maxfield ifJarvisGore §Kirk!and Levant Newburg.' Newport Orrington Orono llSunkhaze Stetson No. 4, E. of Penob 23s 244 94 75 131 132 50 160 106 100 63 90 45° 121 407 677 327 328 524 372 166 411. 323 346 273 458 1674 374 18 73 23 15 434 572 423 24s 319 759 48 232 270 300 265 515 1258 236 75 76 26 40 43 42 17 44 33 63 17 43 173 3° 49 40 16 28 26 40 17 25 20 46 13 29 85 83 "5 42 52 70 86 44 71 54 124 29 58 249 37 163 240 94 131 167 211 68 150 134 123 72 114 424 79 no 163 71 123 35 229 12 171 66 283 70 153 398 61 68s 856 1694 608 765 15 233 375 365 372 896 556 2160 25 1464 58s 1099 435 "55 1320 224 282 384 532 613 612 675 +1452 25 25 6 31 33 813 23 S3 "3 38 151 14 45- 83 10 24 45 2 556 12 15 63 2 941 174 30 412 20 20 12 638 436 637 308 372 435 355 124 299 294 359 214 461 145& 64 13 14 86 SO IS 51 92 iSi 417 90 40 22 18 73 16 14 38 33 S95 376 15 73 121 164 529 454 987 254 153 184 28 60 63 145 543 341 868 91 .69 154 II 33 S3 123 25 13 12 4 25 41 33 68 65 142 62 SO 34 41 137 206 260 99 45 59 24 II 30 120 16s 251 91 22 43 19 80 20 15 IS 220 234 230 185 no 130 1 104 15 10 7178 477 42 108 33 12 10 20 30 IS 20 45 10 15 90 13 48 92 214 430 204 829 178 IS3 184 25 16 41 Totals 3582 10538 344 9476 1231 737 1931 3687 3382 I29S7 25591 1333 2719 631 1281 10061 316 3f 57 24s 241 285 36 SO 124 6 4090 * Afterwards Glenburn. + Oats and barley included. + Afterwards Clifton. The relative wealth of Penobscot county at different periods of its early history, averaged to each individual of its inhabitants, the. average to each person in the State being taken at $100, is represented by Mr. Greenleaf (A Survey of the State of Maine, 1829,) as follows: 1790, 79; 1800, 65; 1810, 92; 1820, 93. The aggregate valu- ation of estates in the county the last-named year, as fixed by the Legislature, was $903,683,90. The val- uation of the State was not quite $21,000,000. The account of tonnage of shipping and stock-in-trade, as returned the same year by the several towns, was as follow : Towns. Tons. Atkinson Bangor 560 Brewer i 57 Dixmont Dexter Eddington 45 Foxcroft Hampden 631 Levant Newport Orrington 338 Sebec Sangerville Sunkhaze liNow Milford. § Now Hudson. A notice of Penobscot county in Morse's American Universal Gazetteer for 1819 includes the following: "This county contains 10,250 square miles, as many as in the whole state of Vermont." It had 19 townships in 1816, the year it was erected. Stock-in-Trade. $ 150 23.350 1,300 350 400 1,500 500 9. 575 500 500 380 200 100 1,000 $40,005 Total 1,631 There were also reported from the county this year $489 money in hand, $1,649 in bank stock, $1,185 bridge and turnpike stock, $3,384 money at interest, and 680 owners of plate. The estimated value of goods, wares, and merchandise exchanged — otherwise the stock annually employed in domestic trade — was $280,000. The estimated circulation of commercial capital, or the surplus of products and exchanges, was $388,360. THE SHIPPING INTEREST. Almost from the beginning of white settlement on the Penobscot, the building and sailing of vessels has been a prominent industry. By the close of 1809 the Penob- scot collection district, which included only the ports on the east side of the bay and river, had 6,624 tons of shipping in the foreign trade, and 8,840 tons employed in coasting— in all, 916 tons to every 1,00 of population. The shipping of the Penobscot District in 18 14 was re- ported at 15,684 tons, against 16,294 in the Waldo- borough District, to which Bangor and other ports on the west of the Penobscot belonged. The next year the District of Penobscot had a regis- tered tonnage of 7,175, enrolled 8,306, fishing vessels 1,226 — total, .16,707. In 1816 shipping to the amount of 1,710 tons was owned in Bangor alone. In 1820 the Penobscot District had the largest ratio of coasting tonnage of any in the State, being 9.3 to every $1,000 of. taxable property, and also the largest propor- tion of such tonnage to the absolute wealth of the people. Much merchandise was already directly imported, amounting to a value of 40 cents on every $1,000 of tax- able property, or $2.31 on every $r,ooo entire wealth. In 1825 the Penobscot ports had a total of 20,194 tons of shipping afloat, at an average cost of $40 per ton, and a total value of $807,760. The tonnage doing HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 85 business in the Penobscot ports, however, amounted to 30,182. The number of shops, stores, and warehouses employed in commerce in the county that year was 37, with an average valuation of $230, and a total of $8,5 10. The number of people engaged in commercial pursuits was 140, representing an average investment or business of $285 a person. The latest report at hand of the shipping business on the river, now largely concentrated at Bangor, is that of the Harbor Master of that city, dated February 21, 1881. As exhibiting the. varied character of the vessels entering and clearing here, as well as that of the foreign and do- mestic imports and exports, it is well worth extracting in almost its entirety : I respectfully submit the following as my report for the year r88o : The river was open to navigation, and the business of the port began on April 6th. The harbor remained open until November 26th, a pe- riod of 235 days, During this period, 2,068 vessels of all descriptions, (not including fishing and other craft under 25 tons), arrived, classified as follows : Barks 6 Barkentines 7 Brigs 30 Three-masted schooners 109 Fore-and-aft schooners 1.65S Sloop and schooner yachts (i steam yacht) 7 Four-masted schooners (sch. Weybossett) 3 Steamers (17 different steamers) 250 2,068 vessels, with a tonnage of 393,79s tons. DOMESTIC RECEIPTS. Molasses, hhds 3 ,396 Salt, bush 4,160 Flour, bbls 12, 165 Corn, bush 432,601 Pork, bbls 3.350 Coal, tons 26,044 Lime, bbls .'.15,000 Apples, bbls i ,626 Lumber, M 133 Oats, bush 15,000 Pig iron, tons 510 Codfish, cwt 6,018 Nails, kegs ^'3^5 Cement, bbls 2,500 Moulding sand, tons 655 Marble workers' sand, tons 100 Pottery clay, tons 150 Limerock, tons 1,200 Hides (dry), bales 250 Guano, tons 132 DOMESTIC EXPORTS. Lumber, feet 123,450,537 Ice, tons "5.945 Iron, tons 2,315 Shocks, feet 145,000- Potatoes, bush 50,000 Hay, tons . . . , 3,000 Bricks, M 8,000,000 Slate, squares 20,000 Fish barrels 100,000 Staves, bundles 108,552 Lime, bbls 5°° Drain tile, feet 12,000 FOREIGN IMPORTS. Salt, bush 67.540 Plaster rock, tons 455 Spruce knees i, 165 Grindstones, tons 9° FOREIGN EXPORTS. Shocks, feet 445.74° Lumber, feet 1,907,720 Potatoes, bush '. 500 Spars . . ; 266 Ice, tons 890 Bricks 621,000 Oars, feet 4,458 Lime, bbls , 600 Foreign vessels arrived, British, 8; Italian, 2; total, 10. The year 1880 was one of the busiest ever experienced by the port of Banger, and the prospect for the coming year is bright. . Chas. V. Lan.sil, Harbor Master. Mr. E. F. Duren contributes the following historic note ; — The first steamboat on the Penobscot, the Maine, Captain Cram, arrived in Bangor May 23, 1824. The next day it made an excursion to Bucksport. It ran to Portland in the summer season. The Bangor, a larger boat. Captain George Barker, arrived in 1834, landing at the wharf at the foot of Exchange street. This steamer was on the route to Portland, and afterwards ran from the port of Constantinople, Turkey. There are now two steamers of the Sandford line, which ply between Ban- gor and the towns on the river to Boston, most of the. year making three trips weekly. A steamer ran until 1880 to Portland, making three trips weekly and connect- ing with another steamer at the mouth of the river (Rock- land) for Mt. Desert, and east as far as Eastport and Calais. Steamer run direct to Mt. Desert from Ban- gor, and smaller steamers are employed to tow vessels up and down the river, and accompany barges on pleas- ure excursions. In 1849, small and flat-bottomed steam- ers commenced running above Bangor, affording beauti- ful views of island, forest, and river scenery. They have not, however, been plying of late. THE LUMBER INTEREST. We have also the following from Mr. Duren : — Lumbering, and the manufacture of lumber in various forms, large and small, have largely engaged the attention of the people of the county. Lumbermen, mill-men, river-drivers, log-drivers, and raftsmen form an active and important part of the population. Logging-camps are a unique and interesting feature of forest-life. The first Surveyor-general of timber was Thomas F. Hatch, ap- pointed in 1832. From a report furnished by Colonel C. V. Grossman, who has held that office several years, it is stated that the amount of boards surveyed at Bangor in 1832 was 37,556,093 feet; in 1866 it was 237,147,606; in 1872, 246,453,649; in 1878, 122,500,000. From 1832 to 1843 it was 842,886,233; 1844-55, 2,135,716,416; 1856-67, 2,122,208,374; 1868-78, i,953>736,54o. To- tal for the 47 years, 7.oS4,547,563- Average, 150,069,- 756 feet. The lumber exported coastwise in 1826 was as follows: Boards, plank, and joists surveyed. .23,473,180 feet, " shipped without survey 3,354,000 " 26,827,180 at $8.14 — $218,471 4333 tons timber, average price $2.75 per ton 11,929 99,671 feet, ranging timber, " 2.50 " 2,491 Shingles, clapboards, and laths 96,000 Oars, staves, heading, hoops, etc., etc 7,000 Total estimated value $335,891 86 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Other statistics, somewhat in detail; will be presented in that division of this work treating of the history of Bangor. Mr.. Johns. Springer, who wrote about 1845 a sprightly book on Forest Life and Forest Trees, says that about ten thousand men were then engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot, and that the number of men, oxen, and horses employed in these operations would aggregate twenty thousand. He adds the following statistics of that period: — Number of saw-mills on the Penobscot and tributaries, 240; of clapboard-machines, 20; of lath-machines, 200. Amount of long lumber sawed annually, 200,000,000 feet at $ro.oo per M; laths sawed annually, 400,000,000 pieces at $1.00 per M; clapboards sawed annually, 5,500- 000 pieces at $18.00 per M; shingles sawed and split annually, 110,000,000 pieces at $2.50 per M; pickets sawed annually, 10,000,000 pieces at $6.50 per M. THE ICE INDUSTRY is an affair of recent creation and growth, but is already extensive, and promises to add largely to the revenues of the Penobscot valley. CHAPTER IX. MILITARY RECORD OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY. Wars and Warlike Incidents — Fort Pownall Built — The Penobscot Valley in the Revolution — The Affair at Castine — The War of 1812- IS — Destructioi\ of Property at Hampden and Bangor — Roll of Militia Out in the Affair — The Aroostook Flurry — Men of Pen- obscot in It — The Mexican War — Officers from the County — The Great Rebellion — The Principal Participants in the Struggles from Penobscot — Bangor in the War — Roll of Its Honored Dead — Home Guards — State Guards — The First Recruits from Maine — Aggregate Enlistments and Other Credits in the County — The Roster of Penobscot Soldiers — The First Infantry and First Veteran Infantry — The Second Infantry — Third — Fourth — Fifth — Sixth — Seventh — Eighth — Ninth — Tenth — Eleventh — Twelfth — Thirteenth — Fourteenth — Fifteenth — Sixteenth — Seventeenth — Ninteenth — Twentieth — Twenty-first — Twenty-second — Twen- ty-fifth — Twenty-eighth — Twenty-ninth — Thirtieth — Thirty-first — Thirty-second — First Infantry Battalion — Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fif- teenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-eighth, and Thirtieth Unassigned Companies — Coast Guards Battalion — Militia Companies in Federal Service — Company D, Second United -States Sharpshooters — First Maine Sharpshooters — First Cavalry — .Sec- ond Cavalry — First Regiment District of Columbia Cavalry — First Heavy Artillery — First Mounted Artillery — First Mounted Battery — Second Battery —Third — Fourth — Fifth — Sixth Seventh — Enlist- ments in the First Army Corps — In Other Commands — In the United States Army — In the Navy — List of Substitutes — Statisti- cal: Bounties Paid in Penobscot — Aid to Soldiers' Families — Pri- vate Benefactions — The Local Militia. WARS AND WARLIKE INCIDENTS. Notice has heretofore been taken, with probably suffi- cient fullness, of most of the martial events in the Penob- scot waters. They are as follows : 161 7. Canoe-loads of Tarratine Indians, numbering 120 warriors, leave Pannawanske (probably now Old- town) on an expedition against some place near the mouth of the Kennebec. 1633. The attack of the French upon the "truck- house" of the New-Plymouth colonists founded at Pen- obscot five or six years before. 1635. A renewal of the attack and plunder of the trading-house, by the French under D'Aulnay. Counter- attack by the English in the vessel Hope, commanded by Girling, resulting in failure. 1643. Attack by the forces of La Tour upon D'Aul- nay, at Penobscot. Skirmish at D'Aulriay's mill, near the fort (Pentagoet). 1644. Affair of the English and French at D'Aulnay's farm-house, five or six miles from the fort, in which Wauneston, of the assailants, and one of the Frenchmen, were killed. Victory of the English. 1676. Capture of Fort Pentagoet from the French by the Dutch. Expulsion of the Dutch by an English expedition from Boston. . 1688. Appearance of the frigate Rose before the fort, brought to possess it by Governor Andrgs in person. The fort abandoned by the Baron de St. Castine. Workmen had been brought to strengthen the fort, but it had fallen so much into disrepair that the undertaking was dropped. 1696. Concentration of Indians in two hundred canoes at Penobscot, and their union, under Castine, with Iberville and Villebon's force for the reduction of Fort William Henry, at Pemaquid. 1703. Unprovoked raid of the English upon the younger Castine, at Penobscot. They plunder his house and perpetrate great spoil. 17154. Colonel Church, during the Third Indian War and upon his fifth Eastern expedition, anchors his fleet in the bay and captures three Frenchmen and a Canadian Indian upon one of the Green Islands. He then takes several of his transports and whale-boats up the bay and river, and "killed and took a considerable number both of French and Indians" — among the cap- tives the Baron Castine's daughter and her children. This is the first hostile movement, save that first men- tioned and the unrecorded struggles of the Tarratines and the Mohawks, upon the river. 1723. Colonel Westbrook's expedition, of 240 sol- diers, against the Indian fort and village on the Penob- scot — "probably Nicola's Island, at Passadumkeag," says Judge Godfrey. The place was deserted, and was burned by Westbrook's men. 1725. Captain Heath's expedition from the Kenne- bec against the French and Indian village at Fort Hill, near the head of the tide, which was also destroyed. 1755. Barbarous attack of Captain Cargill and his men upon a party of Indian hunters, near Owl's Head, on the bay. Twelve of the latter murdered, and a friendly squaw and her babe butchered as the scouts return to their garrison. The Tarratines are consequently in- volved in the war which had been declared against all other Eastern tribes. 1759. The erection at the Point of Wasaumkeag (Fort Point) of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. FORT POWNALL. This work, oca similar one, on the Penobscot had been recommended by Governor Shirley in a message to the General Court of Massachusetts three years before, in order to assure the possession of the Eastern country to the English. Its absolute necessity to the safety of the Eng- lish possessions in this quarter was represented by Gov- ernor Pownall to the same body early in 1759, and it was resolved that an expedition of four hundred men should be dispatched to build the fortification. The Governor himself accompanied it, and supervised the work. Mr. Williamson gives the following interesting account of the preliminaries and the consummation of the object of the expedition : The enlistments for the " Penobscot Expedition " were completed without trouble or delay. The men being- arranged into four compa- nies, each of 100 men, were put under the command of a colonel ; and the whole embarked at Boston on board the ship King George, the Massachusetts sloop, and a few transports; all touching at Falmouth, May 4th, as they proceeded to the place of destination. In ascending the Penobscot Bay, at this pleasant season of the year, the islands and shores exhibited a drapery of nature which could not fail to make'a deep impression upon the beholder. Farther into land, the banks in- dented with coves, and the acclivities clothed with mast-pines, rock- maples, or balsam-firs, the thick forest had power to excite the admi- ration of no one more than the Governor himself. It was to him a re- flection fraught with deep regret, that this fine country had been so long left to the savage hunter, the French renegades, and the wild beasts. Having examined sundry places, and taken formal possession of the country, the Governor selected a crescent crowning elevation on the western side of the Potomac (in Prospect), 25 rods from the water's edge, and about a league below the foot of Orphan Island, as a site for the fortification. It was laid out square with the points of the com- pass, the east side facing the water ; and at each corner were flankers. The dimensions of the fort were 360 feet, or 90 feet on each inner side of the breastwork, which was ten feet in height. This was circumval- lated by a moat or ditch 15 feet in width at top, 5 at bottom, and 8 deep. Each exterior side of the ditch, or the glacis, was 240 feet. In the centre of the ditch were palisadoes quite around the fort, except at the portcullis, or entrance at the east side, where a drawbridge crossed the excavation or ditch. There was also a piquet in the ditch at the foot of the wall. The houses of the commander and others were situated between the fort and the river. Within the breastwork or walls, was a square block-house, 44 feet on a side, with flankers at each corner, of diamond form, 33 feet on a side. The whole was constructed of square timber dovetailed at the corners, and treenailed. The height of the block-house, in 2 stories, was about 22 feet ; the roof was square or hipped, arid had a sentry-box upon the top. There were .several cohorns on the roof; and three or four cannon were mounted in the area between the breastwork and walls of the block-house, which was 20 feet m width. The upper story jutted over the lower about 3 feet, the space being covered with loose plank, easily removable. The lower story was used as barracks, and in the upper one, where 10 or 12 small cannon were mounted, garrison exercise was performed in stormy weather. There were two chimneys, one in the northwest and the other in the southeast corner of the block-house. As soon as the laborers had commenced work, the Governor, attend- ed by General Samuel Waldo, with a guard of 136 men, ascended the river, near the head of the tidewaters, below the bend ; and, May 23d, went ashore on the westerly side of the river. From this place he sent a message to the Tarratine tribe, giving them notice of tlie enterprise undertaken at Fort Point, and assuring them, if they should fall upon the English and kill any of them, the whole tribe should be hunted and driven from the country. " But," added he, "though we neither fear your resentment nor seek your favor, we pity your distresses ; and if you will become the subjects of his Majesty and live near the fort, you shall have oijr protection, and enjoy your planting grounds, and your hunting berths, without molestation." General Waldo took great interest in this expedition, expecting that the Muscongus (or Waldo) Patent extended to some place near the spot then visited by them ; and that he and his co-proprietors would de- ^erivc essential advantage from the projected fortification. Withdrawing a few paces, he looked round and exclaimed, " here is my bound," and instantly fell dead of an apoplexy. He was 63 years of age. To com- memorate the spot, the Governor buried a leaden plate, bearing an in- scription of the melancholy event. General Waldo was a gentleman of great enterprise and worth ; and the conspicuous part he acted in the first capture of Louisbourg, will be long recollected with intermin- gled pleasure and praise. His sons, Samuel and Francis, and the hus- bands of his two daughters, Isaac Winslow and Thomas Fluker, were the testamentary executors of his large estate, much of which was in the last mentioned patent. On the 28th of July the fortification, which cost about ;^5,ooo, was completed, and called Fort Pownall. It was afterwards garrisoned by 100 men, under the command of Brigadier-General Jedediah Preble. It was the most regular and defensible fort in the Province, and the ex- penses of building it were reimbursed by Parliament. In a subsequent address to the General Court, the Governor stated that he had taken possession of a large and fine country belonging to the Province, within the dominions of the British crown — long a den for savages, and a lurking place for renegade Frenchmen ; and had es- tablished that possession by the erection of a fort, which would com- mand the river Penobscot and the outlet at Edgemaroggan Reach, the rendezvous of the Eastern Indians, in their excursions against our fron- tiers. He said the erection of it incurred a less charge to the Province, by ^1,003, than if the same troops had joined the army. Highly gratified with the enterprise and its speedy accomplishment, the Gen- eral Court voted him their thanks, and granted him ;^20o, in addition to his usual salary of ^1,300 lawful money. Mr. Williamson mistakes in regard to the purport of the leaden plate buried "at ye Root of a Large White Birch Tree, three large Trunks springing from ye one Root" — the head of the first falls opposite Thompson's Point, Judge Godfrey thinks. The Governor's journal has since been published, and from it we extract the fol- lowing: At the Head of the P'alls — buried a Leaden Plate with the following Inscription : May 23, 1758. Pkovince, Mass. Bay. Dominions of Great Britain.— Possession confirmed by T. Pownall, Gov. Erected a flag staff. — Hoisted The King's Colors and Saluted them. 24th. At High Water Returned. Got over the Ledge, and having a fair Wind and the Torrent of the Freshes in onr favor, arrived at the Camp by two P. M. Further extracts from this interesting document, with the notes of its editor, concerning this expedition and its labors, will be read with interest: [May, 1759] 8th. Ernbarked in all 333 men. Left the Rest to come with Flagg in the Sloops, who brought the materials. Proceeded for George's. 9th. At 3, A. M., arrived at the mouth of George's River [now in the town of St. George]. At 10, set out for the Fort [Fort Georges, situated in the present town of Thomaston, in front of the locatioh now occupied by the mansion of the late General Knox. It was erected in 1719-20, by the proprietors of the Waldo Patent, and made a public garrison soon after. It resisted successfully repeated attacks from In- dians and French. The last attack was made in 1758 by a body of 400.] in the Barge, Yawl, and six Whaleboats for' the Fort St. George's. At 3, P. M., arrived, .... Herrick's company came up in a large Sloop, and I left Capt. Cargill with 100 men on board the King George for further orders, intending he should land on the east side George's River at night, etc. , Orders to Brigadier Preble to march to the mouth of Pausegasawac- keag, a river that runs into Penobscot about thirty miles from George's. Ordered Lt. Small, a good Surveyor, to chain the whole way, and keep a field book. 13th. . . . Sent off Lt. Saunders in the Sloop Massa- chusetts to Falmouth to convoy the Sloops with the Workmen and Ma- terials—Taking out of him into the King George all the Intrenching Tools. Sailed for Penobscot, took with me the two Brick Sloops, and Preble's Lighter, with 40 hogsheads of Lime, which I laded at George's. Came to anchor off the Green Islands in Penobscot Bay. 14th. As cold as ever I had felt it all Winter. Came to Sail, and arrived just before Sunsett off the north of Pausegasewackeag River. 88 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. iSth. At 4, P. M. Preble arrived, made his Signal, which I answered, and he raised his fourth Smoak. Sent for him aboard. He reported to me by the Survey they had marched thirty miles and sixty-four Rod. i6th. . . . Sail'd, and about half past four P. M., got within about two miles, or a League of Wasaumkeag Point [in the present town of Prospect, at the mouth of Penobscot river. It is now known as Fort Point. The name Wasaumkeag occurs only in Gov. Pownall's journal,] and tho' the Breeze strong enough to keep all the Sails, Topgallants and all sleeping, yet cou'd not stem the Torrent of the Tide, on the contrary the Ship under no command of the helm- whirled about at random, so that Capt. Hallowell let go the kechger— made several attempts, but cou'd not make it do to-night, so came to anchor. The Sloop, Patterson, Master, with the Stores and Cannon, arrived in the River, but cou'd not get up to us. Sent two whaleboats, arm'd, to Guard her. 17th. A Fresh Breeze. Sent off two whaleboats with twenty men to Capt. Bean, with Orders to cross over to the Western Shore, and take Post on the Opposite Point [Sandy Point, north of Wasaumkeag Point]. After several Puzzles, got up into the Harbour within Wasaum- keag Point. . . . We landed and Reconnoitred the whole, and took post at the Point— and encamped the men. Came again on board— after Dinner sent Preble to see the Carrying Place.— He reported to me that it was not above eighty rod across— Went again ashore. Ordered a Party to look out for water. Sent ashore all the axes for clearing.— For having thoroughly Reconnoitred this Point, as I never yet saw so well suited a Site for a Fort, so I imagin'd I should not find one more proper throughout this River. However, made no Determination about fixing the Fort. i8lh. Daylight, ashore, Clearing. Ordered them to set about Dig- ging a well. Sent off Lt. Small to survey the whole Neck, Capt. Nichols, with the Pickets to Guard him. Order'd a Breast Work of Barricade to be made round the Camp. Had a Return of Water, three springs— Gave Orders for clearing them and fixing barrels to them . P. M. Barricado almost finished. Orders to Brigadier Preble to send two Officers and 40 men early next morning, with 20 axes to clear the carrying place about a Rod wide from side to side. One Officer with 20 men to keep Guard the other, with 20 to work, Spell and Spell — To compleat the Breast Work, and have a detachment of 150 choice men, officers included, ready to embark at a minute's warning in Whale boats with three Days' Provisions. Finish the Hospital. 19th. Ashore at the Carrying Place. Found it clear'd so as to see from water to water. Order'd Capt. Bean to build a Logg Redoubt ac- cording to Form I gave him, with a Guard room in it for an Officer and 25 men, and when compleated to 'come off, leaving such Guard there. Sent ashore from the King George some Swivel Cohorns to fix on the Breast Work at the Camp. Went to the Camp. Found that the Wei Diggers had come to good Water. — Drank Punch made of it. Recon- noitred the Springs and the Point, looking a proper Scite for the Fort in case T determined to fix on this Point. At night Lt. Small relurn'd from the Survey. 20th. Visited the Post at the Carrying place. Found Lt. Preble had finished the Redoubt and Guard house which Capt. Bean began. Thence to Camp. Order'd the like avenue to be cut across the point where 'tis narrowest, not above 70 rods, to have the same kind of Re- doubt and Guard house built there. This executed in two hours' time. . . . In the afternoon Order'd a road to be cut about two Rods wide in a Direct Line East and West to avenue on the narrow of the Point. This executed before night. 24th. . . . Upon this Reconnoitring the River, and find- ing no place equal to this Point of Wassaumkeag either for Defence by its Scite, being nowhere commanding, and on the contrary having avery great command of the River and the Passes near it. Determined this to be the place for the Fort, erected the Flag Staff, and hoisted the. King's Colours with all the Ceremonies usual on such Occasions, adding Divine Service to beg God's Blessing, for unless the Lord builds the House, the Laborer worketh but in vain. 25th. Ordered the Cellar and Foundation at the Fort to be com- pleated. [The location selected by Governor Pownall is twenty-five rods from the water's edge, and about the same distance from Fort Point Light house.] At evening buried Brigd. Waldo at the Point near the t^lagg Staff, with the honours of War in our Power. 26th. Saw the First Floor and Tier of timber laid, the cellar being finished. Set out the Lines for a Parapett, Ditch, and Glacis. Gave Mr. Bur beck, whom I had appointed Engineer and Overseer, particular direc- tions in what manner to compleat the Works in each Part, as the Ground lay and showed him it on the spot. About noon left Wasumkeag, and went in the sloop Massachusetts to Pentaget, with Capt. Cargill and 20 men. 27th. Next day to Cape Ann. Next day, about Sunset, 28th to Castle William. The fort was completed July 6, 1759. The General Court, on the loth of June, voted to call the fortification Fort Pownall, in honor of the Governor. A garrison was constantly maintained at this fort until the Revolutionary War. In 1775, Mowett, with a British man of war, dis- mantled the fort, by removing all the guns and ammuni- tion, and in July of the same year, Colonel Cargill, of New Castle, burned the block-house and all the wooden works to the ground, fearing that they would be occupied by the enemy to the prejudice of the neighboring inhab- itants. The ruins of Fort Pownall are now distinctly visible in front of the Fort Point Hotel, and the remains of the breastworks are quite prominent. All traces of the buildings, except one excavation and a few stones, have disappeared. The importance of this work to the future of Maine can hardly be overestimated. Judge Godfrey says in his Address at the Bangor Centennial : In consequence of this act of Governor Pownall, the territory between the Penobscot and the St. Croix rivers was embraced in the territory ot the United States under the Treaty of Paris of 1783. Had it not been for this act of occupation, the country east of the Penobscot river would at this time have been, probably, a part of the Province of New Bruns- wick. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. was attended by few stirring incidents in the valley of the Penobscot, whither comjiaratively few settlers had yet ventured. No doubt some of the brave men of " Ken- duskeag Plantation," of " New Worcester," and of Ham- den smelt British gunpowder during the patriotic struggles; but we have not been able to obtain their roll of honor. It is known that a company of twenty white men and ten Indians — the latter from the Tarratines, whose services were offered to the Massachusetts Govern- ment by Orono and other chiefs — served and that Andrew Oilman was their lieutenant commanding, and Joseph Mansell orderly sergeant. This, says Judge Godfrey, "was the first military organization, and a rude fort, at the angle of the roads just above Mount Hope, was their headquarters. They acted as rangers until the British occupied Bagaduce or Castine, in 1779. Nor was the- right feeling altogether wanting in the valley of the Penobscot, although some of its people afterwards proved recreant to the Revolutionary cause. Mr. Elihu Hewes, writing from " Wheelersborough " (Hampden) to the lamented Dr. Warren, president of the Provincial Congress, June 9, 1775, stoutly said: The people here, I am confident, will support it [the cause of the colonists] to the last moment of their lives, being willing in general to encounter any difficulty, [rather] than to yield to that Band of Tyranny whose plodding pates have long projected methods to enslave us. At least two of the patriots in this quarter suffered sharply for his principles. Mr. Joseph Page, a native of Rhode Island, who lived during some part of the Revo- lution near Mount Hope, refused to take the oath of al- Residence of A. F. BRADBURY, Dexter. Maine. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 89 legiance to the English crown, and was driven off, his house burnt, and his stock stolen by the red-coated min- ions of King George. James Nichols, at Eddington Bend, also had his house burned for the same reason. A few others took the oath, and found employment at small wages among the British at Castine, where some of the patriots were also compelled to labor. The principal events affecting the Penobscot country occurred on the peninsula of Castine, whence the British dominated this entire region during the latter half of the war. Mr. Williamson thus narrates the major part of the story, in the second volume of his History, under date of the year 1779: General McLane and about nine hundred men, embarking at Halifax, and attended by a fleet of seven or eight sail, proceeded to the peninsula of major biguyduce, called " Biguyduce Neck," (now Castine), and landed, June 12, without opposition. They immediately cleared away the trees and underwood, and began to make preparations for erecting a fortification upon the high ground in the central part of the penin- sula. Its form was rectangular or square with a bastion at each angle; and its outlines were so drawn as to embrace an area large enough to admit of a block-house in the centre, constructed with apartments for the officers and barracks for the soldiery. It was intended to environ the embankment with a deep moat and secure it by pickets. Three sloops-of-war, under Captain H. Mowett, of detested memory, were as- signed to this station; and the rest of the fleet in a few days left the harbor. Partaking largely of the general alarm, Brigadier-General Gushing of Pownalborough, addressed a letter on the 24th to the Gen- eral Court, then in session, advising an immediate expedition to dis- lodge the invaders, before they had time to entrench themselves. The important subject had already been considered by that body, and directions were forthwith given the Board of War to engage or employ such armed vessels, State or National, as could be procured and pre- pared to sail in six days; to charter, or, if necessary, to impress in tlie harbors of Boston, Salem, Beverly, and Newburyport, a number of private armed vessels, belonging to individuals, competent, when joined with the others, for the enterprise; to promise the owners a fair com- pensation for all losses and damages they might sustain; to allow seamen the pay and rations of those in the Continental service; and to procure the necessary outfits and provisions with all possible despatch. Also the Executive Council ordered Gushing and Thompson, brigadiers of the militia in Lincoln and Cumberland, to detach severally six hun- dred men, and form them into two regiments for a campaign of two months, subsequent to their arrival in the Penobscot, and to avoid, in any event, the failure of having a sufficient force, Brigadier-General Frost was directed to detail three hundred men from the York militia, • for the purpose of a reinforcement. The supplies and munitions of war provided were 9 tons of flour and bread, 10 of rice, and 10 of salt beef; 1,200 gallons of rum and molasses, in equal quantities: 500 stands of arms; 50,000 musket cartridges with balls; 2 i8-pounders, with 200 rounds of cartridges; 3 9-pounders, with 300 rounds; 4 field-pieces; 6 barrels of gunpowder, and a sufficiency of axes, spades, tents, and camp utensils. The fleet consisted of 19 armed vessels and 24 transports. If it were in grade comparatively a flotilla, one more beautiful had never floated in the Eastern waters. It carried in all 344 guns. Ar the head of the armament was the Warren, a fine new Continental frigate of 32 guns, 18 and 12-pounders. Of the others there were 9 ships, 6 brigs, and 3 sloops. The command was entrusted to Richard Saltonstall, of New Haven, in Connecticut — a man of good capacity and of some naval experi- ence, but of an obstinate disposition. His officers were chiefly com- manders of privateers, severally bound on a cruise as soon as the expe- dition was at an end. There were, besides sailors, between three and four hundred marines and soldiers on board, when the fleet sailed from Massachusetts; and the transports were to take on board twelve hun- dred detailed militiamen and volunteers from Thompson's and Cush- ing's brigades. One hundred men had actually embarked at Boston, who belonged to Lieutenant-Colonel Revere's celebrated battalion of State troops, in that vicinity. The command of the land forces was given to Solomon Lovell, of Weymouth, at that time brigadier-general of the Suffolk militia. He was by profession an agriculturist, and in the militia an officer of high repute. He was a man of courage and proper spirit, a true old Roman character, that would never flinch from danger; but he had not been accustomed to the command of an expedition in actual service. The second in command was Peleg Wadsworth, at that time the adjutant-general of the Massachusetts militia. He had been in actual service, an aid-de-camp to Major-Gen- eral. Ward, and commandant of a militia regiment from Essex to Rhode Island, in the expedition under General Sullivan at the time of his action there with the enemy. The ordnance was entrusted to the superintendence of Lieutenant-Colonel Revere. The expedition was put in motion by Massachusetts, though with the knowledge of Con- gress; and hence a draft was made upon the State treasury for ^50, 000 to defray the expenses, exclusive of the provisions which the merchants in Newburyport and Salem supplied for six of the fleet two months. With so much celerity had this expedition been prepared and put in motion that the whole force made its appearance July 25th, in Penob- scot. But a distinguished officer has said that, though the Govern- ment had ordered out at least 12,000 of the militia, we had less than 1,000 men — about the number of the enemy. They were undis- ciplined troops, having been paraded together only once, and this was at Townshend, their place of rendezvous, while the vessels were detained in the harbor by a head-wind. They were, however, brave and spirited men, willing to encounter the enemy; and had circum- stances justified an attack, they would without doubt have done their duty manfully. General McLane, having heard of the American fleet four days be- fore its arrival, used every exertion to render his fortification defensible. Yet he was ill-prepared to receive a visit from an enemy. Two of the intended bastions were not begun; the other two were in no place above five feet high; many parts of the ditch did not exceed three feet in depth; there was no platform laid nor artillery mounted; and therefore, when he had the news of a meditated attack, he employed his troops day and night upon the works. Still he was fully aware of his weak condition; consequently, as soon as our fleet made its appearance, he despatched a messenger with the intelligence to Halifax. Nothing was attempted on the 2nd day after arrival, owing to the surf occasioned by a brisk wind from the South. But early in the morn- ing of the 3d day, July 28th, it being calm and foggy, our vessels were drawn up in a line beyond the reach of musket-shot from the enemy; and 200 of the militia and 200 of the marines were ordered into the boats from the shipping, ready at the signal to push for the shore. Mowett had taken a judicious position, which enabled him to command the mouth of the harbor and prevent a landing on the southerly side of the peninsula. A trench had been transversely cut nearly across the isthmus at the northward, which severed the neck from the main and secured the passes in that quarter. No landing could be affected, except on the western side, which was a precipice 200 feet high, steep, and extremely difficult of access; also there was a line of the enemy posted upon the cliffs or heights, who opened a brisk fire upon us (as an American offi- cers tales), just as our boats reached the shore. We^stepped out, and they were immediately sent back. From the enemy's shipping there was now a stream of fire over our heads, and from the top of the cliffs a shower of musketry in our faces. We soon found the summit at this place inaccessible, and we divided into three parties; one deployed to the right and one to the left, in search of a practicable ascent, the cen- tre keeping up an unceasing fire to distract the attention of the enemy. Both parties succeeded in gaining the heights; yet, closing upon the en- emy in the rear rather too soon gave them a chance to escape, and they fled, leaving thirty killed, wounded, and taken. The conflict was short but sharp, for we lost one hundred out of four hundred men on the shore and bank, the marines suffering most as they forced their way up the precipice. The engagement lasted only twenty minutes, an would have been highly applauded, had success finally attended the expedition. There was not, in fact, a more brilliant exploit of itsel than this, during the war. We next threw up some slight fortifications within seven hundred yards of the enemy's main works. A council of war was called of the land and naval officers the same morning. The former were for summoning the garrison to surrender, offering them honorable terms; but the Commodore and most of his officers were opposed to the measure. It was next proposed to storm (he fort; but as the marines had suffered so severely in effecting a land- ing, the Commodore refused to disembark any more of them, and even threatened to recall those on shore. Our force was thought in- sufficient to drive the enemy from the fort; and the assistance wanted iwas communicated to Government by special messengers, sent in whale-boats to Boston. On application to General Gates, then com-, roanding at Providence, he detached Colonel Jackson's regiment of 90 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Continental troops as a re-enforcement, who were stopped at Fal- mouth. In the meantime General Lovell reduced the enemy s outworks and batteries, took several field pieces, and by indefatigable labor every night upon zigzag intrenchments, approached within fair gunshot of the garrison; so that a man seldom in daylight showed his head above the enemy's works. It was afterwards fully ascertained that General McLane was prepared to capitulate, if a surrender had been demand- ed. But Saltonstall was self-willed and unreasonable. He and the General disagreeing as to the plan of operations, added one more to thousands of fatalities incident to dissension. Wadsworth was the best officer on the ground. He urged upon General Lovell the expe- diency of keeping open a good retreat, as one of the first maxims Of war. For this purpose he chose a place on the west bank of the river, near the Narrows, below the head of Orphan Island, and recommend- ed the establishment of some works there, whither "our men might retreat should there be necessity, or make a stand in case of pursuit." But Lovell opposed this, alleging that it would dishearten our troops, or rather evince to them "our own d^pair of success." A fortnight's time gave the British every advantage. General Mc- Lane, by skilful industry and perseverance, filled the gorge of one bas- tion with logs, surrounded the other with fascines and earth ten feet thick, laid a platform and mounted several cannon, environed the fort with a kind of chevaux du frise, and enclosed the whole with an abatis. At intervals Commodore Saltonstall manoeuvred to enter the harbor, and day by day renewed a cannonade from the shipping. On the land, too, there were frequent and fruitless skirmishes, occasioned principally by reason of Lovell 's exertions to cut off all communication between McLane and Mowett. In the midst of their solicitude, a de. serter informed McLane that his camp and Mowett's vessels were to be attacked the next day by the whole American force. Had the attempt been essayed two days earlier, it might have met with brilliant success. But the fortunate day had passed; and little else remained to the Americans than disaster. A spy-vessel brought Lovell news, August T3th, that a British flee^ of seven sail was in the outer waters of Penobscot Bay, standing in towards the peninsula. A retreat was immediately ordered by Genera^ Lovell, and conducted during the night by General Wadsworth with so much silence and skill that the whole of the American troops were embarked undiscovered. As the British squadron entered the harbor the next morning, it was found to consist of a large man-of-war, a frigate, two ships, two brigs, and a sloop, commanded by Sir George Collier, ten days from Sandy Hook, near Halifax, and carrying 200 guns and 1,500 men. Saltonstall drew up his fleet in the form of a crescent, with the apparent design of maintaining his position; though, in fact, for the purpose of checking the enemy's advance till the land forces on board the transports could be conveyed to some places of safety or retreat up the river or upon the western shores. Confident of his entire superior- ity, Sir George advanced without delay and poured in upon his enemy a heavy broadside, which threw the American fleet into confusion and caused a disorderly flight. Most of the transports retreated up the river; several went ashore at the foot of the narrows, from which the men took some provisions; and after landing and setting the vessels on fire, four companies collected and were led off by General Wads- worth to Camden. Others, against a strong tide, were able to ascend the river. A general chase and indiscriminate destruction ensued. The Hunt- er and Defiance, endeavoring to get by the head of Long Island [Islesborough] to sea, through the western passage, were intercepted, and the Hunter ran ashore with every sail standing; which, after a smart skirmish between her crew and Lieutenant Mackey with a party of fifty men from the Raisonable, fell into their hands. The Defiance hid herself in a small creek, where her crew, finding the Camilla was n search for her, blew her up about midnight. The Sky Rocket met the same fate from her crew, near Fort Point Ledge. The brig Active was burnt off Brigadier's Island. The residue of the fleet, by means of oars and studding sails all set, also the transports, made good their retreat into Marsh Bay, closely pursued by the British squadron. Here the Hampden, being overtaken, surrendered; and at the same time prizes were made of the Nancy and the Rover. The frigate Warren was committed to the flames by her crew at Oak Cove, half a league above Frankfort village. The Gen. Putnam and the Vengeance, hav- ing ascended still higher, were burnt opposite Hampden, The others, being the Monmouth, Sally, Black Prince, Hazard, Diligence, Tyran- nicide, Providence Sloop, Spring Bird, Hector, and several transports, ascended to places above and just below the mouth of the Kendus- keag, where they were all blown up or set on fire by their own crews, to prevent their falling into the possession of the enemy. A prodigious wreck of ^jroperty, a dire eclipse of reputation, and universal chagrin, were the fruits of this expedition, in the promotion of which there had been such an exalted display of public spirit, both by the Government and individuals. Our whole loss of men was prob- ably not less than 150; that of the enemy 85. So great pecuniary damage at this critical period of the war, and of the State finances was a severe misfortune. In short, the whole connected was suffi- ciently felt; for it filled the country with grief as well as murmurs. The officers and men, landing at different places on the western shores of the river, among inhabitants few, scattered, and indigent, immediately took up their march westward, through a wild and track- less country, thirty leagues or more, as they travelled it, to the first set- tlements upon the river Kennebec. Guided by Indians, they pro- ceeded in detached parties, suffering every privation. For, not being aware of the journey and fatigue which they had to encounter, they had taken with them provisions altogether insufficient; and some who were infirm or feeble actually perished in the woods. A moose or other animal was occasionally killed, which, being roasted upon coals, was the most precious if not the only morsel many of them tasted during the latter half of their travels. A Court of Inquiry into the conduct of this most un- fortunate expedition was ordered by the Massachusetts Legislature, which found that "the principal reason of the failure was the want of proper spirit and energy on the part of the Comtiiodore." Saltonstall was accord- ingly cashiered, and rendered ever after incompetent to hold a commission in the service of the State. The conduct of Generals Lovell and Wadsworth was ap- proved and they were honorably acquitted. The cost of the expedition added very seriously to the burdens of the State. Among the British officers at Castine during the affair was a young lieutenant who was afterwards the hero of Corunna, Sir John Moore, so celebrated in song and story. Ten of the vessels, says Judge Godfrey, or about half the whole number that entered the river, reached the site of Bangor, and were blown up by their crews near the mouth of the Kenduskeag. An attempt was made about thirty years afterwards, by one Clifford, to secure prop- erty from the wrecks by means of a diving-bell. Accord- ing to "Remarks relative to the Settlement of Bangor,"^ made many years ago by Jacob McGaw, esq., he ob- tained "less than thirty of the cannon and a few tons of balls from the bed of the river. When first exposed to the air, the iron of the guns was so soft that it could be about as easily cut with a knife as a common lead pencil, and then it entirely resembled black lead in appearance. On each succeeding day it became so much harder as to be entirely impervious to the knife in four or five days of exposure." A very neat manuscript copy, made in 1846 by Mr. George W. Snow, of a book published in London in 1781, and of which but one copy was known to be in existence, is in the library of the Mechanics' Association in Bangor. Its principal title is "The Siege of Penob- scot by the Rebels," and its author was John Calef, esq., a volunteer in the British forces there engaged. A "post- script" gives a brief but interesting account of the Pen- obscot country, from which we make some extracts elsewhere. The same work has been published in Dr. Wheeler's History of Castine, as an appendix. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 91 The remains of the British earthworks, upon the heights of the peninsula of Castine, back of the village, are still remarkably well preserved. THE WAR OF 1812-15. By this time the valley of the Penobscot was able to turn out from its numerous settlements a considerable contingent of brave soldiery, to do battle for the rising Republic. This war, largely upon and near the sea, the people of Maine, whose habitations were mostly by the seaboard, or within easy reach of it, shared fully in the hazards and dangers of the conflict. Their services were consequently volunteered in numbers to the Gov- ernment, especially upon occasion of an inroad by the enemy. The affairs on the river in early September, 1 8 14, drew out most of the militia, who participated in the war. The following rolls of participants from this region are preserved in the office of the Adjutant-General at Augusta: BRIGADE AND STAFF OFFICERS IN SERVICE AT AND NEAR HAMPDEN, 1ST TO 4TII SEPTEMBER, 1814. John Blake, brigadier-general, First Brigade, Brewer. Charles Blake, quartermaster, Brewer. Francis Carr, jr., aide-de-camp, Bangor. EHjah P. Goodridge, aide-de-camp, Bangor. Charles Ulmer, aide-de-camp, Hampden. John Crosby, jr., quartermaster, Hampden. (The last two were not called into actual service) . COLONEL grant's REGIMENT. Roll of the field and staff of Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's Regiment of Militia, being the Third regiment. First brigade, and Tenth division in service at and near Hampden, from ist to 4th September, 1814. Andrew Grant, lieutenant-colonel, Hampden. Joshua Chamberlain, major. Brewer. Rufus Gilmore, adjutant. Enoch JVIudge, chaplain, Orrington. Edmund Abbott, surgeon's mate, Frankfort. Cyrus Brewer, quartermaster, Orrington. Andrew Tyler, jr., paymaster, Frankfort. Roll of Captain Peter Newcomb's company of militia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in Hampden, and in service there and vicinity from the ist to the 3d of September, 1814: COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Peter Newcomb, Hampden. Lieutenant Jonathan Knowles, Hampden. Ensign Stephen Dabbor, Hampden. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Allen Rogers. Sergeant Joshua Sparrow. Sergeant J osiah Ware. Sergeant Jonathan Kendall. Musician Thomas Williams. PRIVATES. Ebenezer Atwood, Jeremiah Baker, Sanborn Blaisdell, Samuel H. Cobb, Dennis Doan, Amos Doan, Edward Doan, James Dunton, Robert Dunning, Benjamin Emerson, Jonas Emery, William Emery, Nathan Emerson, John Gould, Austin Harding, William Higgins, Benjamin Hopkins, James Hopkins, Josiah Hopkins, IMisha Higgins, Abiather Knowles, Bryant Linning, John Murch, Joseph Mayo, James Mayo, jr., Joseph Myrick, Nathaniel Mayo, jr., Simeon Mayo, Thomas Mayo, Israel Mayo, jr., Reuben Myrick, David Piper, Benjamin Porter, Asa Porter, Samuel Palton, John Perkins, Francis Rider, Richard Stubbs, Eben Stubbs, Edward Stubbs, Henry Smith, Freeman Snow, William Snow, Barker Turner, Andrew Tarr, Samuel Webber, Aaron Wiley, jr,, John Ward, Bartlett West. Roll of Captain Warren Ware's company of militia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in Orrington and in service at Hampden and vicinity from the 2d to the 4th of September, 1814: COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Warren Ware, Orrington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Simon Fowler. Sergeant Theophilus Nickerson. Sergeant John Brook. * Sergeant Warren Nickerson. PRIVATES. Jesse Atwood, jr., Benjamin Atwood, Nathaniel Baker, Richard Baker, David Baker, Doan Boddershall, Frederick Boddershall, Amasa Bartlett, Joseph Doane, Nathaniel Dyer, Ephraim Doane, William Doane, Phinehas Downs, Elihu Dole, Seth Eldridge, Hezekiah Eld- ridge, jr., Thomas Freeman, James Freeman, jr., Nathaniel Gould, jr. Ephraim Hopkins, Jesse Harden, Stillman Kent, William Kent, Richard Kent, William Marston, John Nickerson, Eliphalet Nicker- son, Paul Nye, David Pierce, Nathaniel Pierce, Cyrus Rice, Stephen Rider, Joseph Rooks, Samuel Rider, jr. , Atkins Rider, Henry Rogers, Smith Rogers, Richard Rider, Ephraim Snow, Joseph Snow, Daniel Snow, Harvey C. Snow, Samuel Severance, Reuben Severance, 'John Severance, Zenas Smith, William M. Vorrill, Edward Weeks, Ebenezer Wheddon, John Willard, John Wintwooth, Thomas Wiswell. Roll of Captain Samuel Butman's company of mili- tia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in Dixmont and in service at and near Hampden, 31st August to 3d September, 1814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Samuel Butman, Dixmont. Lieutenant Richard P. Clarkson, Dixmont. Ensign Frederick A. Butnam, Dixmont. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Edmund Wingate. Sergeant John Chadbourn. Sergeant Lemuel Drake. Sergeant Jonathan Ferguson. Sergeant Benjamin Porter. Corporal William Ferguson. Corporal Nathaniel Hanscomb. Corporal John Odell. Corporal Simeon Obron. PRIVATES. Joseph Basford, Henry Baker, Jonathan Basford, John Barker, Ste- phen Barker, John Buckman, jr., Moses Chick, George Cook, George Craig, James Cook, Eliphalet Chase, Stephen Carl, Samuel Dodge, Jo- seph Emery, Timothy Freeman, Edmund Ferreld, Ira Goodhue, John Garland, Reuben Goospeed, Benjamin Godfrey, Samuel Higgins, Da- vid Johnson, David Johnson 2d, Jeremiah McKansick, John Mitch- ell, Charles Mitchell, Milby Mitchell, Christopher Mitchell, George Morse, Nathaniel Mudgett, Edmund Mudgett, Abraham Mudgett, Barnet Morse, James W. Merrill, David Porter, Tyler Porter, Da- vid Pierce, Samuel Pierce, Richard Staples, John Smith, Elijah Smith, Rowland Taylor, Ebenezer Fasker, John Thurston, Cornelius Williams, Joseph York, Stephen York. Roll of Captain James Patton's company of militia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in Hampden and in service there and vicinity, from ist to 3d September, 18 14. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James Patton, Hampden. Lieutenant Abel Ruggat, Hampden. Ensign John Miller, Hampden. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Robert Miller, jr. Sergeant William Potter, jr. Sergeant Nathaniel Gelvin. Sergeant Richard Gelvin. 92 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. John Blagdon, Samuel Benson, Seth Cole, George Cowin, Jonathan Cowan, Jacob Cowan, John Dunham, George Dunham, Jesse Dun- ham, Stephen Emerson, Wilder Johnson, Daniel Emerson, Samuel Famum, Peter Goolin, Asa Hunt, Elisha Hewes, David Hewes, Ebene- zer C. Hinkley, Francis Jennis, Timothy Miller, Benjamin Miller, Henry Miller, James Miller, Andrews Fomeroy, John Palton, 2d, William Fomeroy, Daniel Pickard, William V. Reed, John Robbinson, Isaac Robbinson, Jeremiah Swan, James Taylor, Joseph Fomeroy, jr. Roll of Captain John Emery's company of militia in Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, raised in Hampden, service there ist to 3d September, 1814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John Emery, jr., Hampden. Lieutenant William H. Reed, Hampden. Ensign Daniel Emery, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Samuel Libby. Sergeant Jacob Jones. Sergeant Daniel Grant. Sergeant Bangs Young. Musician Simeon Stone. Musician Zenas Dexter. Musician Benjamin Higgins. PRIVATES. Solomon Covell, William Cobb, William Cornish, Jesse S. Dean, James Dudley, Freeman Dean, Isaiah Dean, Amos Dow, William Flagg, Allen Hopkins, Seth Higgins, Reed Harding, Benjamin Hardy, Cyrus Higgins, Lemuel Hamilton, Samuel F. Jones, Hawes Mayo, jr. Walter Murch, Solomon Myrick, Arad H. Fomeroy, John Perkins, John Rodgers, Daniel Smith, John Smith, Micajah Snow, Reuben Young, Zebulon Young, jr. MAJOR George's battalion. Field and staff roll of Major Thomas George's bat- talion of militia taken from Lieutenant-Colonel John Whiting's regiment, being the Fourth regiment, First brigade. Tenth division, and in service at and near Hampden, 2d to 4th September, 1814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Major Thomas George, Brewer. Adjutant Thomas Carr, jr., Bangor. Roll of Captain Solomon Blake's company of militia in Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Brewer and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th September, 1814- COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Solomon Blake, Brewer. Lieutenant Emmons Kingsbury, Brewer. Ensign Charles Levins, Brewer. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant William Copeland. Sergeant Joseph Copeland. Musician Davis Silby. Musician Benjamin Farrington. Musician Ezekiel Mero. PRIVATES. Billings Blake, Charles Blake, Alanson Burr, Sanborn Blasdell, Abi- jah Campbell, Benjamin Coombs, Rossel Fish, Ehas Field, Alexander A. Fisher, Daniel Farrington, Silas Farrington, Peter Field, Jacob Hart, jr., Russell Hart, Calvin Holbrook, Elijah Jones, Nathan Kings- bury, Jacob Marr, Loring Pond, Jeremiah Truworthy, Levi Torrener, Augustine White, Benjamin Winchester, Charles Winchester. Roll of Captain Lot Rider's company of militia in Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Eddington, and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Septem- ber, 1 814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Lot Rider, Eddington. Lieutenant John Holyoke, Eddington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant William Rider. _ Sergeant Joseph Severance. Musician Asa Howard. PRIVATES. HoUis Bond, William Brown, Lemuel Cobb, Ephraim Johnson' Daniel Johnson, David Lovell, Benjamin Snow, Daniel Stearns, Benja- min Severance, Benjamin Tainter, Israel Snow, John Tibbets, Benjamin Weed, Jonathan Wood. Roll of Captain Daniel Webster's company of militia in Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Orono, and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Sep- tember, 1814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Captain Daniel Webster, Orono. Lieutenant Robert McPhihe, Orono. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Lynde Valentine. Sergeant Robert Boyd. Sergeant Mark M. Burns. Sergeant Elijah Webster. Musician John Hock. Musician Sasson Weston. PRIVATES. Samuel G. Adams, Joseph W. Boynton, Nathaniel Boynton, Robert Boynton, John Clark, Daniel Dresser, Gideon Dutton, Samuel Free- man, Allen Freeman, Henry George, Silas Hartshorn, 2d, Joseph Hartshorn, Richard McGrath, David Hartshorn, 2d, Josiah Hartshorn David Hartshorn, Ashbel Hartshorn, John Howard, John Harn, Ed- ward S. Jarvis, John Kenney, Daniel Lambert, Joseph Lambert, John Lancaster, Levi Lancaster, Thomas D. Liscom, Stephen Perkins, WiUiam Randall, Isaac Spencer, Wan-en Thompson, John Webster, Andrew Cross. Roll of Captain Timothy Sibley's company of militia in Major Thomas George's battalion, raised in Eddington and in service at and near Hampden 2d to 4th Septem- ber, 1814. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Timothy Sibley, Eddington. Lieutenant Samuel Call, Eddington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Billings Clap. Sergeant Eleazer Eddy; Sergeant Jesse Cousins. PRIVATES. James Anderson, Joel Burton, Joshua Butler, Benjamin Barnes, David Burton, Bradley Blackman, Abraham Chick, jr., Allen Crane, Moses Collins, Daniel Collins, Charles Comins, Joseph Davis, Randal Doug- lass, Stephen Grant, jr., Judin Grant, Lemuel Gulliver, Thomas Gulli- ver, Nehemiah Goodwin, Cyrus Jones, Moses Knapp, Joseph Little, William Lancaster, James Nichols, Ephraim Oliver, Elijah Orcutt, John Orcutt, Benjamin Penney, Elisha Rowe, Ebenezer Raviel, Benja- min Spencer, Moses Spencer, Isaac Spencer, Andrews Spencer, Caleb Stockwell; Benjamin F. Sibley. Roll of a detached company of militia of Capt. Joshua Chamberlain, taken from the Third regiment, First brig- ade, Tenth division, stationed at Eastport, nth to 31st of August, 1 8 1 2, under command of Lt. Col. Oliver Shead. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joshua Chamberlain, Brewer. Lieutenant Peter Newcomb, Brewer. Ensign Samuel Freeman, Brewer. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Robert Thompson. Sergeant Daniel Nickerson. Sergeant Joshua Sparrow. Sergeant Samuel Hamilton. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 93 Corporal Emery Bradbury. Corporal John Rooks. Corporal William Kendall. Corporal John Sabourns. Musician Zeros Dexter. Musician Jeremiah Baker. PRIVATES. William Bowden, William Bolard, Solomon Bolton, Daniel Buzzel, Abner Chase, David Colson, Daniel G. Chadborn, George Cragie, John Chadborn, James Clark, James Curtis, John Corillord, Richard Cave, Seth Cole, William Cobb, David Dyer, Isaac Dunbar, Jacob Dearborn, Obed Dean, Robert Dean, William Dean, Gordon Fisher, Samuel Frost, Thomas Freeman, Richard Garland, Elihu Hewes, Josiah Hig- gins, John'Harris, Nathaniel Henderson, David Jackson, William Jack-' son, Abitha Knowles, David Kenneston, Levi Kenney, Edward Ken- ney, Benjamin Lowell, Ephraim Lowde, Davis Merrill, Benjamin Melvin, Elisha Furbush, George Mansa, Joseph Mayo, Levi Mudget, Matthew McDonald, Nathaniel Mudget, Thomas MiUiken, Isaac Milli- ken, Walter Murch, William Michaels, Benjamin Murry, James Nutter, John Odell, William Pumroy, Seth Pratt, Silas Putnam, David Rice, Samuel Rhines, Benjamin Spooner, David Smith, Eldad Stubbs, Joseph Smith, Lemuel Smith, Henry C. Snow, Ebenezer Stubbs, John B. Turner, William West. The following new names appear upon the roll of this company for service at Eastport, Sept. i to Dec. 31, 1812, "in Maj. Jacob Ulmer's Battalion": Musician Mark Fernald. William Jepson. Roll of a detached company of militia, of Capt. Thos. H. George, taken from the Fourth regiinent, First brig- ade, Tenth division, stationed at Eastport from loth to 31st August, ]8i2, under command Lt. Col. Oliver Shead. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Thomas George, Brewer. Lieutenant Lot Rider, Brewer. Ensign Joseph Bridgerhorm. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant James Webster. Sergeant James Jackman. Sergeant Daniel Kimball. Sergeant Daniel Burt. Corporal James Dunning. Corporal James Anderson. Corporal Abraham Chick. Corporal Levi Torrence. Musician John Allen. Musician Clark Pease. PRIVATES. William Butler, Edward Black, Moses Bridges, Josiah Clark, Bick- more Chamberlain, David R. Carter, Samuel Coggins, Isaac Carter, Benjamin Clay, George Clay, Randal Douglass, John Davis, Joseph Dunham, Hezekiah Dodge, William Dodge, William Eddy, Stephen Ellis, James Couliard, James Freethy, Elijah Grant, James Gross, Albert W. Godfrey, John Gray, Aaron Gray, John Gage, Thomas Gillpatrick, Jonathan Hutchins, Amos Herrick, John G. Heath, Jonathan Heath, William Holt, Ebenezer Johnson, John Jackman, Thomas Low, Reu- ben McCaslin, Adam Coffin, William McPhetors, EH Cakes, Joseph Page, Joel Preston, Isaac Pishon, James Phillips, Allen Quinon, Isaac Smith, Joseph Severance, John Tibbets, William Tozer, Morey Lumon, Ichabod Tibbetts, John Wilson, William White. The following new names appear upon the roll of this company for service at Eastport and vicinity Sept. i to Dec. 31, 1 81 2, in "Maj. Jacob Ulmer's Battalion": Privates William Ames, Buckman Chandler, Thomas More, Adam McCaslin, Seth Thompson, Willian McPherson, 2d. These two companies of militia, under command of Maj. Philip Ulmer, were detached from the brigade of General Blake, upon the Penobscot, and were relieved by regular troops after a few months' service. July 11, 1814, the fort and garrison at Eastport were surrendered to a superior force of British.^which appeared with a fleet from Halifax. A few weeks later, further hostile move- ments along the coast awakening alarm, Col. Foote, of Camden, ordered into the field the greater part of his regiment of militia, and a detachment was drawn from the militia of Bangor and vicinity, to strengthen the gar- rison of regular troops at Castine. The British descent upon the Penobscot came all too soon. Mr. Williamson, near the close of his History of Maine, relates the stirring events of this period at length in the following terms: To supply the troops at Halifax with provisions, for which they were suffering, Captain Barrie, in the Dragon, of seventy-four guns, was dispatched to that station from the Chesapeake, with eight hundred barrels of flour and other articles, attended by their captured vessels, which had on board some freights, On his arrival there, an expedition was speedily planned against Penobscot and Machias. The fleet con- sisted of three 74's, the Dragon, Spenser, and Bulwark ; two frigates, late from the Mediterranean, the Burhaute and Tenedos ; two sloops- of-war, the Sylph and Peruvian ; an armed schooner called the Pictu ; a large tender and ten transports. The number of troops embarked was about three thousand. Ijeutenant-General Sir John C. Sherbrooke had the paramount, and Major-General Gosselin the immediate com- mand of the land forces, and Edward Griffith, esq., rear-admiral of the white, commanded the naval squadron. The fleet left Halifax August z6th, and on Thursday, September ist, rode in the Harbor of Castine, sounded, and came to anchor. So formidable was their appearance that the troops at the garrison and their commander, supposing all resistance would be worse than futile, did not so much as wait for a summons to surrender, but instantly discharged the cannon, blew up the fort, and fled for safety up the bay. In the course of the day a large body of troops was set on shore, possession was taken of the fortification; the court-house and other buildings were entered and occupied as barracks for the soldiers, and parts of the best dwelling-houses were taken for the accommodation of the officers. A flag was soon dispatched across the bay to Belfast with a message to the people that, if they made no resistance, they should not be injured. Still it was followed by General Gosselin with six hundred men in two armed vessels, who took possession of the town. To parties of the soldiery, longing for fresh provisions, and eager for the enjoyment of a rural range, permission was given to visit the neighboring plantations ; and after reveling upon the rarities, the best and most palatable they could find, the whole party in a few days returned to Castine. A part of the fleet, consisting of the Dragon, the Sylph, and Peru- vian, the Harmony, a transport, and a prize-tender, all under Captain Barrie, carrying about five hundred infantry, riflemen or "sharpshoot- ers," and a small train of light artillery, under Colonel Henry John and Major Riddle, proceeded without delay up the waters of the Pen- obscot, and came to anchor in Marsh Bay, where the shipping lay, about four or five leagues below Bangor Harbor, during the night. A few weeks previously, the United States corvette Adams, a sloop- of-war, rated at 18 guns and mounting 24, had been with extreme difficulty taken up the river by her commander. Captain Charles Morris, and was then lying at the mouth of the Sowadabscook stream, in Hampden, for repairs. It seems she had met with the sin- gular success of capturing, within the short space of three months, a ship, two brigs, and a schooner, and was afterwards, on the seventeenth of August, cast upon the shores of the Isle of Holt in stress of weather, and was hardly preserved from total wreck. Captain Morris was now engaged in refitting her for another cruise ; and as soon as tidings by a herald from Castine were communicated to him and Brigadier-General Blake, of Brewer, and the news spread that the fleet was ascending the river, all had the best reason to suspect the object of the enemy was the destruction of the Adams and the capture of two valuable merchant- vessels, the Decatur and the Victory, at anchor off Hampden village. Morris, without loss of time, hoisted out the cannon upon Crosby's wharf, and formed two batteries, one of fourteen guns upon that place and the other of nine guns upon a commanding eminence, fifty rods below, and not far from the water, from which he was able to rake destructively any approaching ship. To the militia, who by the gener- - al's orders were coming in by companies during the day, mixed with volunteers, Morris offered a supply of muskets and ammunition, if they were destitute ; and determining to make all possible resistance, he assigned to Lieutenant Wadsworth the command of the hill battery, and that on the wharf to Lieutenant Lewis. 94 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. In the afternoon he met General Blake, his officers, and some of the most influential citizens, in a council of war, where he was much cha- grined to find indecision and disunion, which, with the discouraging remarks made, directly tended to raise doubts as to the expediency of resistance or our ability to repel the enemy. He and others assured their opposers that no one ought to repose confidence of safety in British magnanimity. "No," said he, "our arms must be our defence. Keep the enemy from outflanking me, and I will prevent his ascending the river by the battery. These are our respective duties, and we must discharge them." But the whole day was spent in query, without any specific, well-digested plan of operations, and without the energy • indispensable to military control. No entrenchment, nor yet the slightest breastwork, was prepared ; nay, if there were in all the delib- erations any real result, it was that a line of battle be formed, resting the right wing on the meeting-house, and the left on the high ground towards the hill battery. By the adjutant's returns at night, the whole number in arms was about five hundred militiamen from the vicin- ity, principally belonging to Colonel Grant's regiment, a part of Cap- tain Trufton's troop of horse, and Captain Hammond's company of artillery, with two brass 4-pounders. They had also taken from the Adams an 18-pound carronade, mounted, which was planted in the highway, near the meeting-house and well manned. The winds being light and adverse, the Dragon did not weigh anchor during the day ; but the residue of the squadron, with great exertion, ascended a couple of leagues into Bald Hill Cove, and landed at sunset on the west bank, two miles below Morris' batteries, about five hundred light troops, including a small train of artillery. The militia continued under arms, and Morris' men stood by their guns all night, for it was reported by our videttes that the enemy was unques- tionably preparing to move both by land and water as early as day- light, and before, if favored by the wind and weather. But the night was rainy and dark, and the morning foggy ; so that the enemy did not appear upon the land in view of our lines till about eight of the clock. As he advanced with a quick step, our soldiery were com- manded to reserve their fire till he was near, and then take aim. They discharged a few rounds, when it was perceived that the line was broken near the centre, and the men had begun to retreat without orders. The example was contagious ; and all the exertions of the officers to rally them anew were without effect. Major Chamberlain, Captain Trafton, Adjutant Gilmore, and David J. Bent, a non- commissioned officer of the artillery, who had command of the great gun in the highway, — all discovered activity and valor. Bent was the last to leave the ground ; and most of the oflicers and many of the sol- diers were filled with pain and regret to witness a retreat in the midst of confusion, which could not be without dishonor. The moment the armed vessels, which were preceded by barges full of soldiers , were discovered by Captain Morris, he opened a raking fire of grape and canister shot upon them from the battery, which he con- tinued with spirit and effect, for about twenty or twenty-five minutes when he perceived that the militia were retreating and the British would, if he remained there, soon outflank him in the position taken. He therefore spiked his guns, set fire to the Adams, and the store- house, and retreated with his brave companions to Bangor, and thence through a back, woody road, to Kennebec. Within one hour after the firing was begun, the vessels and the village of Hampden were in full possession of the enemy. Hence succeeded a scene of abuse, pillage, and destruction, which was a disgrace to the British name. Sixty or seventy of the principal inhabitants were seized and put under hatches, and at sunset were removed to the cabin of the Decatur, where they were restrained during the night, without fresh air, fresh water, or any quiet sleep. Next day, it is true, all except ten or twelve of the principal men were admitted to their parole, while those still kept in custody were put on board aprison-ship, where they were detained till another day, before they were set at liberty. The people were treated with abusive language, their houses and stores were rifled their cattle killed, some of their vessels were burnt, and a bond was exacted fiom the town in the penal sum of twelve thousand dollars conditioned to deliver certain others at Castine in October. Suffice it to say that the losses and damages sustained by the people of Hamp- den, as subsequently ascertained, amounted to forty-four thousand dollars. In the midst of the rapine a committee waited on Captain Barrie, and told him they expected at his hand the common safeguard of humanity, if nothing more. He replied, "I have none for you. My business is to burn, sink, and destroy. Your town is taken by storm, and by the rules of war we ought to lay your village in ashes and put its inhabitants to the sword. But I will spare your lives thougli 1 mean to burn your houses." A messenger was then de- spatched to General Sherbrooke, at Castine, upon the subject, who re- turned an order not to burn without dire necessity. The enemy's vessels proceeded without delay up the river, and at the same time about two-thirds of the troops took up their march by land towards Bangor. From this place flags of truce were sent by land and water to the advancing commanders; but the best terms which could be obtained, were "unconditional submission." When the Peru- vian, Sylph, Harmony, and transports entered the harbor, a few Con- greve rockets were thrown from them over the village, two cheers were given, and all the shipping anchored at the mouth of the Kenduskeag. Barrie rode up on horseback, in company with Colonel John and Major Riddle, at the head of the detachment. Arriving about noon, he first demanded of the inhabitants provisions and barracks for troops, ■and threatened to give them leave to plunder the village, if there was not a compliance with his requirements instantly. The court-house, two school-houses, a dwelling-house, and one other building were opened to receive them; cattle and sheep were butchered, and several barrels of pork were turned out to them from the stores; all the bread in the bake-house was taken; the best of liquors and garden vege- tables were furnished, and two of the better dwelUng-houses were en- tered and occupied as the resort of the commissioned oflScers. Also the enemy took the town's stock of powder, the field-pieces which were at Hampden, a quantity of merchandise, previously seized by a cus- tom-house officer for breach of the revenue laws; upwaidsof fifty dollars post-oflSce money were exacted and taken, and also the military arms and other like articles owned by the inhabitants; also one hundred and ninety-one men were compelled to report themselves, by their own signatures, prisoners of war. They were then admitted to their parol, and the safety of their families promised them, upon a stipulation not to serve against His Britannic Majesty or his allies during the war, un- less regularly exchanged. No resistance had been made by the inhabitants of this town, except by those in the military companies at Hampden, and therefore it was expected that private rights and property would be respected. But owners were sadly disappointed, for, the soldiery and the marines com- ing ashore, entered ten or twelve stores on the southerly side of the Kenduskeag, and by Barrie's permission, plundered them of their contents. They also rifled such dwelling-houses as the inhabitants had deserted; books and valuable papers were pillaged from lawyers' offices and other places, and four vessels on the stocks in the village and its precincts were threatened with flames. At this menace there was great perturbation; as the flames of the vessels, enraged by afresh breeze then blowing, would probably lay the whole village in ashes. To prevent the fatal catastrophe the selectmen of the town, by the ad- vice of their neighbors, promised to give the snemy a bond, professing to bind the corporation in the penal sum of thirty thousand dollars, to deUver the four vessels at Castine before the close of the ensuing October. When this bond was delivered the next morning, whichwas the Sabbath, Captain Barrie and Colonel John gave a written assur- ance that all private property, both in Bangor and Orono, including every unfinished vessel, should be preserved, such only as were in the river being excepted. The troops were kept under arms through the night, and it was truly a fearful one to all the families who knew nothing of the ar- rangement. In the morning preparations were manifestly on foot to take away or destroy all the shipping in the harbor and to leave the place. The movement commenced soon after noon. There were in the harbor at this time seventeen vessels, also three more on the Brewer side of the river not launched. These and ten others were burnt, and the rest taken down the river. Several were partly loaded; some, being moved only a short distance, got ashore, and were seen in flames at twilight and the dusk of the evening.* The losses and dam- ages sustained by the people of Bangor, and the owners of vessels there, were found on a subsequent investigation to exceed forty-five thousand dollars. The enemy returned to Hampden in the afternoon, carrying with him, besides other booty, eighteen or twenty horses; and the land-forces en- camped during the night on the acchvity toward the hill-battery. His stay in Bangor was about thirty hours. The next day, September sth * Mr, 'Williamson's foot-note: "Burnt, the brig Caravan, schooners, Nep- tune's Barge, Thinks-I-to-Myself, Eunice and Polly, the Gladiator, the three . Brothers , the sloop Ranger ; three unlaunched vessels in Brewer, and one in Bangor, notwithstanding the stipulation. There were also three others in the harbor that were destroyed. Names not recollected— fourteen in all. They car- ried away the Bangor packet ; schooner Oliver Spear ; the Hancock, which was retaken ; the Lucy, which was lost; the Polly, which was ransomed, and the beautiful boat Cato, which could not be recovered — six. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 95 the Decatur and the Kiitusoff, at Hampden, were burnt, and the soldiers and sailors committed upon the inhabitants various acts of wanton mischief, such as the destruction of household furniture, books and papers. They also broke off the pivots and breechings of the cannon on the hill, and threw those on the wharf into the river. On Tuesday, the 6th, the enemy proceeded to Frankfort, where the vessels came to anchor and the commodore demanded of the inhabit- ants forty oxen, one hundred sheep, and an unknown number of geese. He also required them to surrender their arms and ammuni- tion, a part of which only was delivered, and in general the sturdy re- publicans of this town were slow to obey any of his commands. Denouncing venegance against them for their delays, he re-embarked the troops on the yth, and returned to Castine. So much public indignation and chagrin ^vere occasioned by the feeble efforts which the militia at Hampden made to resist the enemy's progress, that the Government of the State instituted an examination into the conduct of General Blake by a military court of enquiry. But they acquitted him of censure and suspicion. Immediately the general put Colonel Grant and Major Chamberlain under arrest, who were subsequently tried by a court-martial at the same place; and the com- mand of the former was suspended two years, but the latter was honor- ably discharged. The court of enquiry before which General Blaise ap- peared, was composed of Major-General Sewall, of Augusta, and Brigadier-General Irish, of Gorham, and Payson, of Wiscasset. It occupied the court-house at Bangor about a week. In the spring of 1816 the other court was held, sitting several days. It consisted of twelve members, presided over by Major-General Rich- ardson, of New Yarmouth, with Mr. John Wilson, of Belfast, as judge-advocate. The militia were paid an aggregate of twelve hundred dollars for their brief term of service. THE AROOSTOOK FLURRY. This war, or rather " rumor of war," broke out in 1839, following a year or two of excited public agitation. Great Britain after the War of 1812, claimed the whole of the St. Johns River, about one-half of which had been occupied by Maine, and demanded all territory above the 46th degree of north latitude. The King of the Netherlands, to whom the dispute was referred, made a very singular and unjust decision, that the boundary should run midway between the lines claimed, respec- tively, by the United States and the British Government. His decision was not satisfactory to the people of Maine ; the disputed tract was overrun by timber-thieves and other plunderers; and in 1838 there were signs of a serious outbreak. Governor Edward Kent of Bangor, then in the executive chair, took steps to strengthen the militia force, and General Wool was sent by the Federal Government to inspect the fortifications on the Maine rivers and coast. During the winter the Legislature met in secret session and authorized Sheriff Strickland, of Penobscot county, to call out two hiindred volimteers, i-narch to the northward, and drive off the trespassers. The first company raised, under the command of Cap- tain .StoAer Rines, left Bangor February 5, 1 839, and three days afterwards reached the scene of action in Township No. lo, now Masardis, in Aroostook county, and, after some show of resistance on the part of the lum- bermen and squatters, their mission was accomplished. Mr. Abbott says, in his History of Maine ; Captain Rines advanced to the mouth of the Little Madawaska. Here he met with a reverse, was captured with a company of his men, and they were hurried off in a sleigh to Frederickton jail, in New Bruns. wick. The sheriff and his forces retreated. The trespassers, much elated, armed themselves, about three hundred in number, and bade de_ fiance to the American authorities. The sheriff, learning of the cap- ture, retired to Number Ten and fortified his party while he repaired as rapidly as possible to Augusta, to report the posture of affairs. The Governor of New Brunswick called out one thou- sand of his militia ; the Legislature of Maine appropri. ated eight hundred thousand dollars for the protection of its territory, and a draft of 10,343 men from the State forces, most of whom, within a week, were on the dis- puted ground or marching thither. Congress took action, authorizing the President to support the claims of Maine with fifty thousand troops and the expenditure of ten mil- lions of dollars ; General Scott, commander of the army, with his staff, came to Augusta, to maintain " the peace and safety of the entire Northern and Eastern frontiers.'' Things looked for a time very much like war; but, through the efforts of General Scott, both sides withdrew their forces ; pris'oners taken by either party were released ; the Aroostook region, previously in Penobscot and Wash- ington counties, was erected into a separate county by the Maine Legislature ; and matters remained comparatively quiet until 1842, when a convention, since famous as the "Ashburton Treaty," was concluded between Lord Ash- burton, British Minister to the United States, and Dan- iel Webster, then Secretary of State, by which the State lost a portion of the tract, in dispute, but of little value, for which it received one hundred and fifty thousand dollars from the General Government, besides two hun- dred thousand dollars for expenses incurred mainly in the flurry of 1839. By way of exchange for the lost territory. Great Britain ceded to the United States much more valuable tracts on the shores of Lakes Superior and Champlain — so that the victory rested decidedly, after all, with the American side. Mr. Abbott says in concluding his account of the transaction : " Impartial judgment must pronounce the conduct of Maine, in this whole affair, to have been patriotic and wise." Penobscot county, from its situation with regard to the scene of possible war, had the greatest share in the active movements of the time. All the expeditions to the Aroostook country were fitted out at Bangor, and rnarched to the tented field therefrom. At one time a line of mounted videttes, furnishing ready communication when needed, stretched from Bangor all the way to Mas- ardis. Governor Washburn, in his Orono Centennial address, has furnished the following amusing reminisen- ces, concerning the incidents of the war in that place. Rumors of battles, the approach of Mohawk Indians, and the bloody Bluenoses were rife upon your streets, but yet were unable to stifle the sense of the ridiculous and quench the love of fun that ruled the hour, breaking out now in disrespectful remarks at the expense of the glorious company of videttes — and martyrs; now in Otis Banks's offering adolla for the head of Thomas Hill, a carpenter and Englishm:in, who was loya to his native land; and again, in sending a crowd of anxious patriots and wonder-mongers from Whitney's bar-room to my office, to see General 'Wool, and where they were soberly introduced, by the grace- less wag who had sold them, to Artegus Lyon, the colored man. But the war ended, and a brace of your own poetasters celebrated the scare and fight in which it begun, in a parody on Hohenlinden, which, as it may serve to renew the events and haps of that stirring (but somewhat ridiculous) time, I will venture to present to you: 96 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE THE SCARE OF THE RESTOOK !* On Restook, when the sun was low, All bloodless lay the untrodden snow, Muffling the current in its flow, O Restook, rolling rapidly. But Restook saw another sight, The Rakercbost on their flight. And following fast, with main and might, The PosseJ frighten'd dreadfully. Then Jameson§ to old AshbelH said, *' Come pile your carcass on my sled, Far better so than be abed With Cushman,1I in sweet reverie." Then shook the ice, so hard and even; Then rushed the teams by number 'Leven ;* And ere the clock had pointed seven. They left Masardist speedily. But faster yet that band shall fly From MohawkJ furies drawing nigh, Bluenose braves, with fire in the eye, And Restook, rolling rapidly. 'Tis morn, but scarce a weary man Will stop to drink from jug or can ; With tuckered legs and faces wan. They push for the Cumberlassi.§ Now, Posse, all your blankets wave ; You rush'd from glory and the grave ; Your heels did well your bacon save. Your flint-locks and your toggery ! Few, few shall meet where many part ! Of all that force no trembling heart Felt British shot or savage dart, Or found a soldier's sepulchre. It may naturally be supposed that a large share of the Maine militia who actually saw service in the Aroostook difficulty were from the Penobscot Valley. The resi- dences of many of the officers who served are given with their names; so that part of them can be readily identified as from this county. In the case of enlisted men no such guide is furnished ; and it is not probable that a full roster of the Penobscot contingent in this war can now be made. The best that was practicable has been done, however; and by the courteous and intelli- gent aid of the Adjutant-General's office, at Augusta, it is believed that a tolerably complete roll is herewith pre- sented : COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Major-General Isaac Hodsdon, Bangor. John L. Hodsdon, Aid to Major-General, Exeter. Oliver Frost, Aid to Major-General, Bangor. William H. McCrillis, Aid to Major-General, Bangor. Division Inspector Joseph C. Stevens, Bangor. Division Quartermaster Joseph Gilman, Dixmont. Assistant Division Quartermaster Henry Warren, Bangor. Assistant Division Quartermaster Ebenezer G. Rawson, Bangor. Assistant Division Quartermaster Paul Varney, Bangor. Assistant Division Quartermaster Daniel Wood, Bangor. Captain Henry E. Prentiss, Bangor. Superintendent of Videttes Elijah L. Hamlin, Bangor. Assistant Superintendent of Videttes Samuel Smith, Bangor. * The Aroostook river is usually called " Restook " by the Provincials. t A company of Oldtown lumbermen, commanded by Captain Stover Rines. J Posse comitatus, from Penobscot county. § John G. Jameson, of Oldtown. !| Ashbel Hathorn, of Bangor, ", Judge G. G. Cushman, legal adviser, who, while asleep with Thomas Bart- lett, at Fitzherberts's, near the New Brunswick line, was take prisoner by the Bluenoses and sent to Fredericton. ' This is now the town of Dalton. t The present town of Masardis, eleven miles from Dalton. ; The report was that the fugitives were pursued by five hundred Mohawk In- dians and New Brunswickers. § A small river at Lincoln Centre, Forage Master John Sargent, Bangor. Joshua Carpenter, Aid to Brigade-Major, Lincoln or Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Cummings, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Moses H. Young, Bangor. Quartermaster Daniel T. Jewett, Bangor. Chaplain Joseph C. Lovejoy, Orono. Surgeon Paul Ruggles, Carir.el. Surgeon's Mate Lewis Watson, Bangor. Sergeant-Major Charles Barnard. Sergeant-Major George Noyes. Principal Musician Lemuel Ellis. Drum-Major John M. Shaw. Major of Artillery James Smith. Lieutenant and Adjutant of Artillery Amos Packard, Hampden. Quartermaster of Artillery Samuel P. Leighton, Bangor. Captain Eliphalet Miller. Captain David Dow, Captain Truxton Dougherty. Lieutenant Jabez Bradbury. Lieutenant James B. Cleaveland. Ensign Jacob Saunders. Ensign Jeremiah Lord. Ensign Haskell W. Johnson. Ensign Jeremiah Burnham, Orono. Ensign James Dunning, Bangor. Captain James Clark, Hermon. Lieutenant William E. Atwood, Levant. Ensign Nathaniel D. Eaton, Hermon, Lieutenant Amasa K, Walker, Hampden, Captain Stephen Leighton, jr, , Dexter. Lieutenant Isaiah Beals, Dexter. Ensign Alvin B. Clark, Corinth. Captain William H. Mills, Bangor. Ensign Henry L. Stewart, Bangor. Captain Eliphalet I. Maxfield, Argyle. Lieutenant Horatio Burnett, Springfield. Ensign Goodridge Cummings, Passadumkeag. Ensign Simon P. Atkins, Bangor. Roll of Captain Nathaniel Sawyer's company of riflemen in the detachment of drafted militia of Maine, called into actual service by the State, for the protection of its northeastern frontier, the 20th day of February, 1839. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. ■• Captain Nathaniel Sawyer. Lieutenant Andrew D. Bean, Ensign Charles Jones, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, Sergeant John A, York, Sergeant Hiram York. Sergeant J oseph York. Sergeant Sewall Chase. Corporal Lewis Goodwin, Corporal Daniel Pattee, Corporal John Goodwin. Corporal Simon E. Ricker. Musician James Pattee. Musician Wesley Grindle. Musician George Damon. PRIVATES. Jeremiah Avery, Charles Bickford, Thomas W. Bartlett, Josiah Brown, Richard H. Bedee, Obadiah Banks, Moses Copp, William Clark, William Corthell, Henry Craig, Alvin H. Carley, Salmon P. Drake, John Emery, Jacob W. Eastman, Ivory Frost, Joshua B. Floyd, Jeremiah Flagg, Carrell Garland, Stephen Grant, jr., Isaac Harden, Luther Hawse, William S. Hogan, Jeremiah Higgins, William Jame- son, George Hilley, Lewis Kimball, Royal Lancaster, Newell •Ivong- fellow, Broadstreet Mason, jr.. True Merrill, J. A. C. Mason, David Porter, jr., Alfred Packard, George Richardson, Samuel Ricker, Au- gustus W. Smith, Alexander Smith, Gustavus W. Smith, Nathan Stevens, Norres M, Staples, Samuel Sidlinger, Otis Smith, William Shirley, Asa C, Twitchell, Rufus York, Joseph D. Young, Oliver Luce, Josh D, Hemenway, John Bryant, William Meader, Joseph A. Mitch- ell, Joseph Bartlett, Daniel G. Sawyer, John Staples (servant to Cap- tain), Ambrose Fogg (servant to Lieutenant), Samuel Stevenson (ser- vant to Ensign). HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 97 CAPTAIN MAXFIELD's (baNGOR) COMPANY. (Pay began February 20th or March 11, 1839, and ended, in most cases, April 22 and 26, 1839). COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Eliphalet I. Maxfield. Lieutenant Horatio Barrett. Ensign Goodridge Cummings. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Horace Banks. Sergeant Carlisle Dennis. Sergeant Joseph Nelson. Sergeant John Abott. Corporal Alvin Merryfield. Corporal Thomas J. Fowle. Corporal Charles Davis. Corporal Walker Darling. Musician Nathaniel Fellows. PRIVATES. Bradley B. Avers, John W. Buck, Philip Bailey, Enoch W, Bickford, Daniel Bailey, WilUam Brown, James Cooper, Sherburn W. Clark, Solomon Comstock, Albert Coombs, Joel F. Dam, Leader N. Dam, Asahel Davis, David B. Davis, Nahalie Doe, James Dealing, William Devo, John Elkins, jr., John B. Emery, Charles Emerson, Joseph Emerson, William Emerson, Benjamin Eastman, Daniel W. Edgerly, Wilmoth Haywood, Stephen R. Haynes, Moses Hodgdon, Moses In- galls, jr., Joseph Jordan, Benjamin Judkins, William Johnson, David Kneeland, Alfred L. Lovett, Solomon P. Lankester, Horace Lord, William H. Mcintosh, Carleton P. Moody, John Morgan, James G. Mcintosh, Samuel McPheters, Calvino S. Noyes, Samuel Norton, jr., Storer Perkins, Charles L. Smart, Thomas Smith, John Scott, James Sanborn, William A. Tosh, Israel Tracy, Joshua Watton, Mark G. Weymouth, David Young, Chandler Dammon, Josiah Miles, John Pratt, John Lawton, William F. Buzzell, George W. Merrill, Mathias Lane, Joseph Hodgdon, Josiah Richards, John W. Lane, William G. Rogers, Rufus Moody, Frederic Morrill, John Ayer (servant), Alger- non L. Barrett (servant), Lewis Bunker (servant), Eliphalet Leavitt. CAPTAIN maxim's (baNGOR) COMPANY. (Rendezvoused February 20, 1839; discharged April 24, 1839.) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George W. Maxim. Lieutenant Jonathan Louder. Ensign William H. Gibbs. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Orderly Sergeant William Averille. Sergeant David Getchell. Sergeant Daniel Moulton. Sergeant Joel Vickery. Corporal Dudley D. Bean. Corporal Jeremy Baker. Corporal Jacob Holbrook. Corporal William W. Smith. Corporal Greenlief M. Fogg. Corporal James G. Patterson. Corporal George S. Herrick. Corporal Francis C. Keisor. PRIVATES. John Ames, Levi Bagley, Charles Buffum, Enoch M. Blunt, Rufus G. Curtis, SethF. Cook, John Cowan, jr., Charles E. Chaplin, Reuben Cookson, Asa Davis, 2d, Joseph B. Damon, Benjamin Dillingham, Joseph Francis, John M. Fogg, Thomas Gould, Thomas Gullifer, Ephraim Glidden, Sumner Hamilton, Bradford Higgins, Samuel Hous- ton, Manasseh S. Hovey, Manoah Kurd, James S. Homans, William P. Hatch, David G. Ireland, Thomas Jenkins, Ephraim Johnson, Robert Littlefield, Moses Majnor, Ephraim B. W. Condray, Isaiah McKinney, Shuter Nickerson, jr., Simeon Orff, James O. Rooke, John Parsons, Benjamin Pratt, George Pratt, Samuel Patterson, Norman Page, Enoch Peasley, Allen Rines, William H. Ramsdell, Jesse Russ, Wilmot Riggs, Christopher Smith, Asa L. Stiles, William Sherburn, jr., Asa Sawyer, David Shorey, Abram Libbey, Levi S. Torrance, Samuel S.Torrance, Daniel Willey, John Weymouth, Stephen White, Shuber N. Williams, John Witham, Francis Young, James B. Cleve- and. CAPTAIN MILLS's (bANGOR) COMPANY. (Pay began February 20th, and at various times in March, 1839; discharged, in part, April nth.) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William H. Mills. Lieutenant James Henry Carleton. Ensign Henry L. Stewart. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Elijah Low. Sergeant George A. Longfellow. Sergeant Jesse Snow. Sergeant Hiram Fogg. Corporal Jason L. Bourne. Corporal Abraham Colomy. Corporal Amos S. Myrick. Corporal Isaac Lunt. Musician Arthur Heald. Musician Dennis J. Either. PRIVATES. William Adams, Samuel Barrows, Erastus B. Byram, Nehemiah Bartlett, William Cousins, Sandford Comely, Noah Clough, Lorraine I. Drew, Jason Dunton, Benjamin Emerson, Ebenezer Farrington, Lewis R. French, Asa Fowles, James Gorton, John Gorton, Benjamin Guptail, Joseph Gordon. Thomas Hodgkins, Stephen S. Hewes, David B. House, Isaac Hills, ad, Jason Hills, James A. Lombard, Hiram Le- broke, David Miller, James Miller, jr., Sewall Miller, John Moore, Thomas McCausland, Levi B. Patten, John Paine, James Rogers, Jo- seph T. Sylvester, Sumner Smith, George A. Stevens, Francis J. Stur- devant, Jeremiah Thompson, Eli Towne, Samuel F. Walker, Charles Wiley, Asa Woodman, James Young, Watson R. Goss, James P. Davis, James M. Davis, Elisha Davis, Samuel W. Costelon, Peter B. Newcombi John Ring, David Shepley, Daniel Batcheder, Hiram Stevens, Stephen C. Springer, James Adams, Joseph Grindle, Clark Perry, John A. Plum- mer, Joseph K. Cross, Almon Richards, Stephen B. Pattee, John W. Babcock, Ziba Burrill, Simeon B. Grindle, Robert H. Weymouth, Sam, uel Abbott, Daniel C. Shepley. CAPTAIN fish's (vEAZIE) COMPANY. (Pay began February 20 and March 11, 1839 ; gener- ally ended April i and 24, 1839). COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Samuel L. Fish. Lieutenant Francis J. Cummings. Ensign Gilbert Emerson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant David C. Jellison. Sergeant John P. Davis. Sergeant Moses S. Page. Sergeant Joseph Hudson. Sergeant James S. Eldrige. Sergeant Jesse Hatchings. Corporal Josiah McPheters. Corporal Charles H. Forbes. Corporal Joseph Bray. Corporal George Lincoln. Corporal John B. Bond. Corporal Kenney Snow. Musician Robert P. Chase. Musician Solomon P. Rowe. PRIVATES. Thomas Abbott, Almarin Ames, John Boyd, Timothy Burton, Wil- liam Batchelder, Isaac Russell, William Ballard, jr., George Burns, David L. Billings, Justus L. Carr, Thomas Cunningham, William J. Chapman, Garey Chapman, Ephraim Dorr, William Dwelley, jr., Samuel Deering, James Dickinson, John Dunham, jr., Joseph Duran, Elisha M. Eveleth, Amasan S. Emerton, Chester Ferrin, Daniel Fow- ler, James H. Gilmore, William P. Guppy, Shadrach Gray, John Grin- del, Abial' Harmon, Seth Holt, Abel S. Jordan, Joseph James, Levi K. Kilburn, Rowland Lawrence, William Lassell, David Lancas- ter, John N. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Henry Montgomery, John E.' Miller, Charles Newcomb, Alvah Osgood, Roderick R. Park, Charles Patten, Samuel Peirce, Joseph Priest, Thomas Raymond, Joseph C. Stinson, Jacob P. Sweat, William C. Snow, Samuel Spen- 98 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNT V^, MA.INE. cer, Samuel Sheets, John Southard, jr., Horatio N. Stinson, James Stubbs, George Simpson, Samuel S. Trivit, Timothy C. Tapley, Levi Tower, Benson D. Wood, William B. Moody, Gilbert Knownton, Al- bion M. Fish (servant), Joseph W. Curtis (servant), Ebin B. Weston (servant). CAPTAIN LEIGHTON'S (dEXTER) COMPANY. (Rendezvoused February 20 and March 11, 1839; discharged April 22, 1839.) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Stephen Leighton, jr. Lieutenant Isaiah Heals. Ensign Alvin B. Clark. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Reuben Flanders. Sergeant Hiram Safford. Sergeant Asa Spooner. Sergeant Seth Drew. Corporal Stephen D. Jennings. Corporal Charles Jumper. Corporal Cyrus Jumper. Corporal Calvin Safford. Musician John M. Shaw. PRIVATES. Lemuel Arnold, Willard Abbott, David Berry, Levi Bridge, jr., James P. Burleigh, William McE. Brown, David G. Brown, Isaac Bedee, Reuben Brown, William Bosworth, jr., Othniel Harden, Ben- jamin Brown,, jr., James Crowell, Gardner Cdpeland, John Cole, Ellis, Cushman, Andrew N. Day, Thompson Dyer, David Densmore, Levi Emerson, Stephen Fish, Joseph Gould, David R. W. Grindell, Daniel H. Howard, Albert G. Hunt, Charles M. Hodsdon, Samuel Hillman, William Jumper, Benjamin Ireland, William L. Johnson, Robert John, son, John Kimball, Charles Jennings, James Lane, Sebah F. Leighton, Silas Leavitt, Edward P. Longley, John Leavitt, Charles R. Logan, George P. Logan, George Oakes, Horatio Pratt, Isaac W. Pickering, Daniel Palmer, Jonathan Pitcher, jr., John Ricker, Curtis Sturtevant, Darius Sampson, John Safford, Henry A. Sprague, Luther H. Shaw, Simeon Safford, jr., Henry K. Sawyer, Henry Snow, Isaac Tucker, Milton Twitchell, Benjamin F. Tosier, John Fowle, Charles D. Tren- orgy, Harrison G. O. Thomas, Andrew C. Winslow, Eli Winslow, Charles Wyman, Peleg Washburn, Burnham Wardwell, Ira Wardwell, William B. Walker, George Whittemore, Rufus Williard. CAPTAIN Clark's (harmon) company. (Rendezvoused and pay began February 20, 1839.) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James Clark. Lieutenant William E. Atwood. Ensign Nathaniel D. Eaton. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph Leslie. Sergeant Solomon York. Sergeant John N. Emerson. Sergeant Timothy M. Cook. Corporal William M. Johnson. Corporal Ezekiel C. Jackson. Corporal Laomi S. Herrick. Corporal Hazen Messenger. Musician John Swan. Musician Jacob Swan. Musician Annanias Dodge. PRIVATES. Samuel Allen, Aaron Barden, Samuel Blagdon, Samuel Baker, Ira Bither, Levi B'.ake, Edward D. Baker, Carlos Bean, John N. Budge, Silas Bunker, jr., William Corliss, WiUiam Cross, John O. Chadman, Joseph Cushman, Valentine Dunning, Benjamin Dyer, George W. Ed- dy, John E. Foss, David French, Abraham Grover, Arthur L. Grant, Francis Goodwin, Hiram Glidden, Daniel Hewes, William Harris, Reuben Hale, Thomas C. Herrick, Charles A. Howard, Bowman Herrin, Lorenzo Hinkley, John Jenness, Freeman Luce, Charles Low, Nelson Mitchell, Enoch R. Mayo, William H. Mayo, Philip Mclntire, Reuben Myrick, Jason Miller, Ira Mansel, Israel B. Norcross, Nathan- iel Perkins, Benjamin Patterson, |ames Prescott, Joseph Rose, George B. Reed, Harvey Reed, Hiram Swan, Nathaniel Swan, Elijah Sylves- ter, Gorham Smith, John Shaw, Howard Stevens, Samuel V. Millet, Daniel Sargent, Dudley D. Spratt, Nathan S. Shaw, Daniel L. Stinch- field, Augustine Triggs, Azariah Wadleigh, William Willey, George B. Webber, Vincent Williard, Aaron H. Walker, Charles Whittier, Peter Wheelden. captain hamblet's company. (Pay commenced February 20, 1839; ended April 26, 1839-) COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Charles R. Hamblet. Lieutenant Amasa K. Walker.. Ensign John Nelson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Elbridge H. Hragdon. Sergeant Benjamin M. Page. Sergeant Attillius A. Ladd. Sergeant Samuel F. Eells. Sergeant Thomas Webb. Corporal Elias Harriman. Corporal Barzillai Huckins. Corporal Benjamin C. Sanders. Corporal William W. Burnham. Corporal Sabin H. Kimball. PRIVATES. Amariah W. Ames, Jotham S. Ames, William Appleton, Saniue Heal, Thomas A. Burgess, William Barney, Ira H. Buck, Thomas Bradley, Daniel Bean, Daniel Bailey, Freeman Crocker, Henry Crocker, Moses Crocker, James Carver, Jonathan Carter, Jonathan Chase, Jo- seph C. Chase, Thornton Card, Nathaniel Capers, Isaac Dexter, Stephen Dow, Nathaniel B. Fish, Levi O. Farnham, Ebenezer O. Ger- ry, John Gorden, Isaac Gould, Daniel Howard, Christopher Harvest, Ezra Holmes, Nathaniel Hanscomb, Daniel Brooks, John Knox, Hiram Larrabee, James Lee, Orman F. Lothrop, Walter D. Maddock, Wil. liam McKenney, Lyman Miner, Isaac Rider, George W. Rogers, Silas Royal, Peter P. Rich, George R. Sampson, Henry Sibley, Seth Sever- ance, Williams C. Stevens, W. Simpson, William Trask, Joseph Tilton, Alexander D. Walton, Levi M. Wilkins, Nelson Whittemore, Simon Whittemore, John Woodard, James West, StiUman Newcomb, Joseph Rose, Nathaniel E. Roberts, Ira Washburn, Albert R. Young, William Shepherd, Samuel Mitchell, Richardson B. Hamblet (servant), Lorenzo Knowles (servant), John H. Stevens (servant), Tuttle D. Leathers. THE MEXICAN WAR. It is unnecessary to embrace in this record even a cur- sory account of the origin, progress, and result of this episode of our National affairs, whose events so little affected the current of history in Eastern Maine, and drew so lightly upon its patriotic citizens for recruits to the army in the field. The following brief extract, from the report of the Adjutant-General of the State for 1847, sufficiently states the action taken by Maine, in answer to the requisitions of the Government, upon the out- break of the war : — It having been declared by the Congress of the United States, on the 13th of May, 1846, "that, by an act of the Republic of Mexico, a state of war existed between that Government and the United States," the Governor of Maine, under authority from the Secretary of War, called upon the citizens of Maine for a volunteer corps of one regiment of infantry. Immediately after the publication of the proclamation and general order, efficient persons in different parts of the State were commissioned to raise companies of volunteers. In some sections it was found impossible to obtain volunteers, while in others full compan- ies were raised with the greatest promptitude. The following officers from Penobscot county were elected to the command of companies A and F : — Company A.— John H. Morrill, Bangor, captain; John H, Bryant, Bangor, first lieutenant; John B. Williams, Bangor, second lieutenant. Company F.— George W. Cummings, Bangor, captain; James W, Thompson, Passadumkeag, first lieutenant; James H. Burgess, Old- town, second lieutenant. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 99 No further rolls of these companies have been fur- nished by the Adjutant-General's office — if, indeed, they exist there. THE GREAT REBELLION. At last the time came when the patriotism and the patience, the courage and constancy of the Penobscot valley, as of all other portions of the United North were to be fully tested by the war between the Nation and the rebellious States. The struggle is too recent and the lit- erature of its history too copious and readily accessible, to make any summary of its beginnings and events here necessary. We have only to do with the brilliant record which Penobscot county made from the first to the last of the gigantic conflict. Happily, the materials for this have been provided, with extraordinary fullness of detail, and, no doubt, with all practicable accuracy, in the volu- minous reports issued annually for some years by General John L. Hodsdon, now of Bangor, who was Adjutant- General of the State during the entire war-period, and who served with great efficiency and the most conscien- tious fidelity. He and the attaches of his office "builded better than they knew" in the carefully labored prepara- tion of these reports. We have found nothing else so valuable for the preparation of local military history dur- ing the rebellion, in the Adjutant-General's Reports of a number of the loyal States. Whatever of interest or per- manent value occurs in the remainder of this chapter, is due solely to General Hodsdon's Reports. This work is indebted to them, not only for the rosters of Union sol- diers and sailors, but for the several histories of the regi- ments and batteries, — which are given, in general, in the very words of the original text, — and, indeed, for all other matter, in almost every point and particular. Besides General Hodsdon, who served the country so ably in the State Bureau of War, Penobscot county had many eminent names in the field. Major-General Joshua L. Chamberlain, afterwards Governor of the State, and now President of Bowdoin College, was a native and resident of Brewer. Brevet Major-General Cyrus Ham- lin was from Bangor. Of Brigadiers the county fur- nished George F. Shepley and Charles D. Jameson* of Bangor, James H. Carleton of Orono, and Lysander Cutler of Dexter; of Brevet-Brigadiers, Henry M. Plaisted of Bangor, now Governor of Maine, Charles Hamlin and Charles D. Gilmore also of Bangor, Jonathan A. Hill of Stetson, and Llewellyn G. Egtes of Oldtown; of Colonels, Charles W. Roberts, Daniel Chappin,* Daniel White, and George Varney of Bangor, and Simon G. Jerrard of Levant; of Lieutenant-Colonels, Daniel F. Sargent of Bangor, and George Fuller of Corinth; and Majors Joel W. Cloudman of Stetson, Stephen D. Carpenter and William L. Pitcher of Bangor; with many others of similar or less rank, who also distinguished themselves in service. Charles A. Watcher, of Bangor, killed while commander of the United States war-steamer Gazelle, is another of the slain heroes. Among promi- nent regimental surgeons, several of them reaching the *Among the honored dead of the war. grade of Brigade-Surgeon, were Drs. Daniel McRuer, Eugene F. Sanger, Augustus C. Hamlin, and Samuel B. Morison, of Bangor; Alden P. Palmer, of Orono; and J. B. Wilson of Exeter. Dr. John Mason, of Bangor, also rendered great service in the army hospitals. Luther H. Pierce, of Bangor, became a Brigade Quartermaster. Among the Paymasters appointed on the General Staff of the army were the Hon. Jabez True of Bangor, and Jeremiah Fenno and Elias Merrill, of the same. Gen- eral Charles Howard, a member of the staff of his brother, Major-General Oliver O. Howard, and now of Chicago, was a student in the Bangor Theological Sem- inary at the outset of the struggle. Many of these offi- cers will receive due biographical notice in connection with the histories of their several towns. Colonel Gideon Mayo, of Orono, was commandant of Camp John Pope, at Bangor, in 1862. Elijah Low, of the latter place, was Provost Marshal for the counties of Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook, during the drafts of 1863. Henry H. Worcester, of Bangor, was the Military Agent of the State at Washington City, and H. A. Holden, of the former city, was one of his assist- ants. Among the gentlemen appointed early in the war, under the system of allotment of soldiers' pay, as trus- tees to receive and disburse moneys upon the allotment rolls, were the Hon. Isaiah Stetson, Mayor of Bangor, and E. B. Pierce, Cashier of the Lumberman's Bank of Oldtown. Aaron A. Wing of Bangor, and J. S. Emery of Hampden, were afterwards Allotment Commissioners. BANGOR IN THE Vi^AR. The importance of this city, as the chief place in the county, and its convenience of accessibility by rail and river, naturally made it a prominent point during the whole of the Rebellion. The arsenal located here be- came at once the centre of military operations, and proved extremely useful through all the bloody years. General Hodsdon says, in his Report for 1861 : The use and occupation of the State Arsenal and lot at Bangor, almost throughout the entire season, for rendezvousing and quartering the Second Regiment and numerous squads of recruits and detach- ments and companies of volunteers, from the northern and eastern portions of the State, for regiments organizing at Augusta and Port- land, has obviated the necessity of hiring, at great expense, extensive buildings and grounds at Bangor for that purpose. Much of the ord- nance, the gun-carriages, and other munitions of war, stored at the arsenal, have, from time to time, been removed and necessarily left un- sheltered to afford lodgings for the troops. For this reason, and through the careless but natural intermeddling of the soldiers with the small arms and appendages deposited there, the State has experienced severe loss and damage to its property, aside from the injury to the arsenal buildings and grounds inseparable from the tumultuous charac- ter of the occupation. Later in the war, a most beneficent institution, called the Soldiers's Rest Hospital was established by the patri- otic citizens of Bangor. The Adjutant-General gives the following account of it: Early in May, 1864, immediately after the battle of the Wilderness, so large a number of sick and disabled soldiers were returned to Bangor that the liberal citizens established a "Rest" for their accommodation, supporting it at first entirely by voluntary contributions. The institu- tion was subsequently assumed by the State, and on the 7th of October, 1864, by the General Government. Dr. S. B. Morison, of Bangor, gratuitously devoted the largest portion of his time from April to Oc- tober to the care of the sick and wounded within its walls. In October, loo HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. however, he was appointed by the Medical Director of the Department of the East to take charge of Soldier's Rest Hospital, which continued in operation for one year. During this latter period, more than 3,000 soldiers were admitted, which should be added to the number of about 2,500 who were accommodated previous to the last change. The Second Regiment of the Maine Infantry and the First Regiment of Heavy Artillery were rendezvoused and organized here. In the late summer of 1862 the drafted troops for the nine months' service, under the President's call of August 4th, of that year, from the counties of Aroostook, Piscataquis, Penobscot, Hancock, Washing- ton, and Waldo, and three towns in Knox county, were ordered to rendezvous at Camp John Pope, the first named in Bangor. Colonel Mayo, as already noted, was made commandant, with, a little later, Benjamin A. Foster designated as post-adjutant, and Llewellyn J. Morse as quartermaster. Drs. Mason and Weston, of Bangor, had charge of the Medical Department. Valuable aid was rendered early in the war by the firm of Messrs. Hinckley & Egery, foundrymen, who re- modeled and rifled at their establishment eighteen old- fashioned smooth-bore cannon, which made them greatly more efficient. Five of them were sent to Portland Har- bor, two to Wiscasset, and two to Rockland, for coast defence. Among other patriotic local industries, Messrs. Wheel- wright, Clark & Co., in 1862, manufactured very rapidly, under the stress of the period, the clothing for eight of the nine months' regiments recruited that year. In April, 1861, at once upon the call for men to go to the country's aid, $12,000 were subscribed in Bangor for the support of the families of volunteers. The city authorities, however, allowed only a part of this to be collected and disbursed, as the council presently assumed the expense of such patriotic benefactions. The ladies of the city began to organize for provision for the sick and wounded of the army as soon as their services were needed. Military drill, on the recommendation of the Mayor and by formal order of the city council, was in- troduced as an exercise in the Boys' High School; and one or more of the boys' select schools of the city also adopted it, while the citizens organized in voluntary com- panies for drill. Space would fail to tell of all the good words and deeds of Bangor, as well as the rest of Penobscot county, during the terrible contest. One-fifth of the entire male population of the city, between the ages or eighteen and forty, entered the service of the country during the first year of the war. Nine hundred and fifty-eight volun- teered in the year reported — 1861-62. In the oflicial year, 1864-65, when it had become so difficult to procure men for the service, 524 were enlisted at Bangor. In all, about 2,700 from this one city aided in the field or on the seas to save the Nation from destruction. The bounties for enlistments paid from the city treasury amounted to $21,300; by the citizens, $17,655. Meanwhile the city was suffering severely in all its financial interests, except those relating to the supply and subsistence of troops. Its coastwise commerce fell off from 3,27s clearances in i860 to 1,652 the year follow- ing, and did not recover until after the war. At least four vessels owned at Bangor were captured by the rebel privateers — the ship Golden Rocket, the brigs Elsinore and Wm. McGilvery, and the schooner Arcade. Nevertheless the sentiment of the city was steadfastly true to the Union. The Peace Party commanded but 31 out of 1,992 votes at the election of September, 1861. The names of officers and soldiers from Bangor will be found in the rolls printed on subsequent pages. Bi- ographical notices of many of them will appear in con- nection with the History of Bangor. We desire to subjoin here, however, the list of its warrior dead, which was made up at the close of the war by the intelligent industry of some of the officers of the city, and is pub- lished in the city reports for 1865 : THE HONORED DEAD. Robert L. Atkins, Co. E, Second Maine regiment. Killed at Hanover C. H., May 27, 1862. John Ayer, Captain Co. H, Sixteenth Maine regiment. Died in rebel hospital, Richmond, February 22, 1863. Eben E. Andrews, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Died at Au- gusta, Maine, April 2, i86s. Amaziah Billings, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died in Bangor, Maine, April 17, 1865. William Bartlett, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died in hospital at Philadelphia, July 6, 1864. Charles E. Bicknell, on board United States steamer Cambridge, drowned December 15, 1862. ScoUay D. Baker, Captain Co. I, Ninth Maine regiment. Killed at Fort Gregg, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, September 8, 1863. George F. Browne, Lieutenant Co. H, Fourth Maine regiment Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Warren Boynton, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed in battle December 15, 1864. Benjamin C. Benson, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Drowned in . the Potomac river, August 30, 1862. George H. Benson, Ensign United States bark Horace Beals. Died at Pensacola Bay, October 9, 1863. Isaac Berry, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Harrison C. H., May 27, 1862. John Billings, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Died at Fortress Monroe, November 28, 1861. Stephen D. Carpenter, Major Nineteenth regiment United States in- fantry. Shot at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December 31, 1862. Jeremiah Corcoran, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Rufus H. Cole, Nineteenth Massachusetts regiment. Died in hospi- tal at Smoketown, Maryland, October 5, 1862. Peter Cannon, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Died at Hall's Hill, January 28, 1862. Edward R. Chamberlain, Co. A, Second Maine regiment. Died at Alexandria, 'Virginia, July 26, 1861. William C. Chamberlain, Co. D, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died in Washington, D. C, July 12, 1864. Hiram G. Claridge, Co. I, Twelfth Maine regiment. Died in hospi- tal at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, January i, 1863. Charles B. Cobb, Sergeant Co. F, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Killed near Petersburg, 'Virginia, June 17, 1864. Charles H. Cleaves, Co. D, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Fort Hudson, June 10, 1862. Robert Carlisle, Sergeant Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 10, 1864. Benjamin Chase, Corporal Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Augusta, Maine, July 22, 1864. William A. Gates, Co. B, First Maine heavy artillery. Died in hos- pital at City Point, Virginia, June 19, 1864. Daniel Chaplin, Colonel First Maine heavy artillery. Died in hospi- tal at Philadelphia, August 20, 1864. John F. Drew, Co. F, First regiment Maine heavy artillery. Died in hospital at Washington, District of Columbia, July 8, 1864. Thomas Drummond, Lieutenant Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed near Petersburg, June, 1864. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Samuel W. Daggett, Captain Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy ar- tillery. Died in hospital at New York, July i, 1864. Adrian R. Drew, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in Washington, District of Columbia, July 28, 1864. Henry O. Dunbar, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed in battle at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864. Charles H. Daggett, Corporal Co. B, First Maine regiment heavy ar- tillery. Died in Campbell Hospital, Washington, D. C, June 30, 1864. Willard G. Delano, Co. E, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed in battle June 18, 1864. Lysander B. Dunbar, Co. B, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in hospital at City Point, Virginia. William J. Deane, Sergeant Co. A, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Charles V. Dudley, Co. E, Sixth Maine regiment. Killed at the sec- ond battle of Fredericksburg, May 2, 1863. Ozra W. Davis, Co. A, Sixth Maine regiment. Killed at Rappahan- nock, Virginia, November 7, 1863. John A. Dealing, Co. B, Second Maine regiment, killed at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Seth E. Drinkwater, Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Killed in the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. Samuel M. Emerson, First Maine regiment, heavy artillery. Died at Fort Sumner, Maryland, September 25, 1863. Solomon G. Emery, Co. A, Sixteenth Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Washington, District of Columbia, December 3, 1863. Fred W. Flye, Co. I, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Philadelphia, April 13, 1865. Luther C. Fairfield, Lieutenant Co. H, Seventh regiment Maine volunteers. Died in hospital at Portland, February, 1863. John A. Farnham, Co: K, Eighth Maine regiment. Died at Beau- fort, July I, 1863. Edward R. Flowers, Master's Mate, United States navy. Killed on board the United States gun-boat Maratanza, off Wilmington, North Carolina, October, 1862. Albert W. Forbes, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Died at Boston, Massachusetts, April 8, 1865. Edward A. Goodale, Co. E, Sixth Maine regiment. Died in Bangor, July 13, 1863. Walter S. Goodale, Lieutenant Co. H, Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Nathan D. Hanson, Co. F, First Maine regiment. Killed near Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Edward W. Hanson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died at Opelousas, Louisiana, May 10, 1863. Nathan A. Hopkins, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed at Spottsylvania May 9, 1864. William H. H. Hasey, Sergeant Co. E, Twentieth Maine regiment, Died in hospital at David's Island, New York, September 28, 1864. Joseph E. Hatton, Co. F, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Washington, June 9, 1864. William P. Holden , Sergeant Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Died at United States General Hospital, at Annapolis, Maryland, May 5, 1863. John W. Hurd, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died at Fort Alexander, near Washington, District of Columbia, December 16, 1862. Albert M. Jackson, Co. H, District of Columbia cavalry. Died at Salisbury, North Carolina, January, 1865. Charles D. Jameson, Brigadier-General. Died at his residence. Upper Stillwater, from disease contracted in the service, November 6, 1862. William Jordan, Second Maine regiment, and transferred to the Twentieth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3. 1863. Stephen H. L,eighton, Co. H, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Bu.'l Run, July 21, 1861. Sewell B. Lombard, Co. D, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Killed at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, August 5, 1862. Otis E. Lufkin, Co. A, First Maine cavalry. Killed in battle March 31, 1865. John J. Marstan, Co. H, Sixteenth Maine regiment. Died in hos- pital at Richmond, Virginia, February 24, 1864. Andrew McFadden, Co. I, Fourteenth Maine regiment. Died at Savannah, April 12, 1865. Lewis L. Marsh, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. George C. Martin, Co. H, Second Maine regiment. Died at For- tress Monroe June 10, 1862. Gustavus Nason, Corporal Co. D, Thirtieth Maine regiment. Died in rebel prison at Tyler, Texas, July 30, 1864. Edward F. Orff, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the bat- tle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Bryden S. Osborn, Co. I, Twelfth Maine regiment. Died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, February 23, 1863. Frank Powers, First Maine regiment, heavy artillery. Died in hos- pital at David's Island, New York, August 8, 1864. Charles Parkhurst, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in hospital at Alexandria, Virginia, July 18, 1864. William T. Pierce, Co. A, Thirty-first regiment Maine volunteers. Killed in the Wilderness fight. May 15, 1864. George L. Palmer, engineer. Killed on board the United States monitor Patapsco, in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, January 15, 1863. Charles W. Pierce, Corporal Co. F, Seventh Maine regiment. Died in United States hospital. New York Harbor, November 9, 1862. Isaiah B. Scribner, Co. B, Sixth Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Washington, D. C, January 2r, 1864. James Stone, Co. 1, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Hanover C. H., May 27, 1865. Frank W. Sabine, Captain Co. C, Eleventh Maine regiment. Died at Chesapeake hospital. Fortress Monroe, September 15, 1864. John M. Sherwood, Lieutenant Co. E, Twentieth Maine regiment. Killed in the Wilderness May 8, 1864. Alfred M. Sprague, Co. K, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died at Washington, D. C, January 28, 1864. Charles W. Smith, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in hospital at Fredericksburg, May 22, 1864. Henry A. Smiley, Co. E, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died at Washington, D. C, May 25, 1864. Amos N. Smiley, Co. C, Twenty-fourth Maine regiment. Died in Bangor, August 16, 1863. Shepherd S. Thomas, Sergeant Co. I, Ninth Maine regiment. Killed near Petersburg, Virginia, July 4, 1864. Charles A. Thatcher, in command United States steamer Gazelle, Killed by guerillas at Morganza, Louisiana, November 25, 1864. William L. Pitcher, Major Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1662. Henry A. Pollard, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Hanover C. H., May 27, 1862. James Quimby, Co. B, Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. James L. Rowe, Sergeant Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at Hanover C. H. , May 27, 1862. Frederic H. Rogers. Company K, Fourth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Amos H. Richardson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died in Bangor, August 15, 1863. James Robinson, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Died in prison at Richmond. Harvey H. Reed, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died at City Point hospital, Virginia, June .26, 1864. Frank S. Robinson, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed near Petersburg, June, 1864. Benjamin F. Scribner, Co. B, Twentieth Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Rappahaniiock Station, November 7, 1863. Sumner Tibbetts, Corporal Company D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in hospital at David's Island, New York, July 30, 1864. Samuel F. Thompson, Captain Co. D, Twelfth Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed in battle near Winchester, September 19, 1864. George A. Tibbetts, Co. L, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died in hospital at Philadelphia, July i, 1864. Ransom Wharton, Second Maine regiment. Killed at second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. Henry O. Wilson, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Killed at Port Hudson, June u, 1863. Oscar Woer, Second Maine regiment, and transferred to the Twen- tieth Maine regiment..- Killed in the battle of Gettysburg, July 3r, 1863. Patrick Welch, Co. G, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the battle of Fredericksburg December, 13, 1862. Asa Wilson, Co. F, Second Maine regiment. Killed at the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Richard H. Webster, Co. I, Second Maine regiment. Died at Hull's Hill, January 19, 1862. Daniel West, Co. K, Eleventh Maine regiment. Died at Yorktown, Virginia, June 5, 1862. Albert M. Wheeler, Co. H, Seventh Maine regiment. Died in hos- pital at Newport News, Virginia, April 27, 1862. Frederick E. Webster, Co. B, Twenty-second Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Baton Rouge, March 5, 1863. Henry Warren, Captain Co. G, Seventh Maine regiment. Killed near Spottsylvania, May 18, 1864. Charles H. Whittier, Co. A, Thirty-first Maine regiment. Died in hospital at Washington, July 11, 1864. Reginald B. Wiggin, Captain Co. A, Second Maine regiment, trans- ferred to Invalid Corps. Died in Washington, August 1, 1864. Thomas D. Witherly, Sergeant Co. H, Sixteenth Maine regiment. Died in Bangor, March 26, 1865. Franklin W. Whittier, Co. D, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed near Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Daniel O. Pollard, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Died June, 1864. John S. Libby, First Maine regiment heavy artillery. Killed June I, 1864. Patrick Carlton, died in Port Royal, July 9, 1862. Herman K. Day, Second Maine regiment. Died in hospital, Feb- ruary 6, 1862. Michael Mehan, died in Bangor, August, 1864. So early as 1862, a large subscription was made, by the people of Bangor, to a fund for the building of a monument in honor of the deceased soldiers of the war. A sufficient sum was raised in due time, a Soldiers' Mon- ument Association was organized, and on the 17 th of June, 1864, the monument was dedicated in Mt. Hope Cemetery, with fitting ceremonies and addresses, in the presence of a large assembly. The Mayor of the city for the time being is President of the Association, by its constitution. HOME GUARDS. A considerable number of somewhat informal and not fully organized military companies were formed in the State during the first year of the war, and familiarly known as "Home Guards." The Penobscot valley had its lull share of these; and musters of the companies in battalions or regiments, for drill or discipline, and for re- view by the superior officers of the State militia, were held during 1861 as follow: At South Newburg, August 29th; Monroe, September 2Sth; Hampden, Oc- tober 9th; North Newburg, October isth; and at Ban- gor the same fall. At the last-named, Colonel William H. Mills was in command ; at North and South Newburg, and at Hampden, Colonel Amasa Walker commanded, and Mr. F. G. Flagg, of that place, served as Adjutant. Major James H. Butler, commanding the First Division of State militia, and staff, reviewed the Guards at Ban- gor and Hampden. STATE GUARDS. In 1863, March 2Sth, the Legislature passed an act for the formation of State Guards, with an organization similar to that of the older miUtia, in companies, regi- ments, brigades and divisions. Under this act David Bugbee, of Bangor, became Colonel of the First Regi- ment, in the First Division; Lebbens Oak, of Garland, Major; Frank H. Garnsey, Adjutant; Charles H. Den- nett, Quartermaster; and Dr. Ralph K. Jones, Surgeon. Llewellyn J. Morse, of the same. Captain of Company A; Josiah S. Ricker, also of Bangor, Captain of Com- pany B; John B. Maxfield, of Dexter, Captain of Com- pany F;. and George S. Clark, of Garland, Captain of Company H ; — all in Colonel Bugbee's regiment. Roby Ireland, of Bangor, was Second Lieutenant of Company A, which had ninety-two men, besides a full complement of sergeants and corporals; Theodore C. Johnson was First l^ieutenant, and George W. Stevens, Second Lieu- tenant of Company B — ninety-three men; David H. Ad- dison, of Dexter, Second Lieutenant of Company F— ninety-one men ; Elisha Skinner, of Portland, First, and L. Oak, of the same. Second Lieutenant — seventy-six men. When the garrison at Fort McClary, protecting the navy-yard at Kittery, was ordered to the front in 1864, Company A was mustered into the United States service, and served at the fort from July 7th to Septem- ber 8, 1864. Company B was afterwards ordered to the same point, and served similarly the United States from September 3d, to November 7, 1864. An interesting duty was performed by Company A the year before, which is thus noticed in the succeeding report of Adjutant-Gen- eral Hodsden: Captain L. J. Morse, Company A, of Bangor, in the First Division, promptly obeyed an order of May 8th to attend upon the funeral cere- monies of the late lamented Major-General Hiram G. Berry, at Rock- land on the nth of that month. The full ranks and soldiery bearing of this splendid company, on that as well as other occasions, afforded an indication of the immense military power in this and other free States yet slumbering, which might be called into action should legislators ever awaken to a just realization of the necessity of coming to the aid of the Government with such a reasonable proportion of existing physi- cal force, if under a proper mihtia organization, as may render it some substantial service in the present struggle for its re-establishment. The following-named were the officers of the First Divi- sion of the State militia, at the close of 1863: James H. Butler, Major-General, Bangor; Charles E. Dole, Aide-de- Camp, Bangor; Joseph L. Smith, Aide-de-Camp, Old- town; James Dunning, Division Inspector, Bangor; Thomas Hersey, Division Quartermaster, Bangor; Ed- mund W. Flagg, Division Advocate, Bangor. This is the same list as at the close of 1861, except for a change in the Judge Advocate. At that time Charles D. Jame- son, of Orono, was Colonel of the First Regiment, First Division; Charles W. Rogers, of Bangor, Lieutenant Colonel: George Varney, Major; and Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Surgeon — although all these officers were then in the United States service. Marion B. Patton, of Brewer, was Major of the First Battery of Artillery, and Francis A. Conner, of Brewer, Adjutant of the First Division, Company A, cavalry, of Bangor; Company A, artil- lery, of Brewer; Companies B and C, light infantry, of Bangor; Company D, light infantry, of Lagrange; Com- pany A, riflemen, Veazie; and Company C, riflemen, of Patten, entered the Federal service the first year of the war. THE FIRST RECRUITS. Promptly upon the outbreak of the war, the Legisla- ture was convened in extra session, and made provision for the raising of ten regiments, fully armed and equip- ped by the State, for two years' service. A bounty of two months' pay was given to each enlisted man who was a resident of the State. General orders were ssued HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 103 to the Major-Generals of the Maine militia, April 22, 1861, for the raising at once of the ten thousand volun- teers, for "the active militia service of the State." The First and Second Maine regiments were thus enlisted; but the former, with the assent of the officers and men, was mustered into the United States service for three months, to fill the quota of Maine under the first call of the President, and the latter was subsequently mustered into the Federal army for the period of three years. Four other regiments were raised under the act of Legislature, but when the order of the War Department was received, requiring all enlistments to be for three years, the volun- teers already in the State service were invited to sign a contract for an additional year, and those who declined were mustered out. The regiments were filled up promptly, and by the 17th of May it became evident that the patriotic response of the people would supply recruits much faster than the quartermaster and commis- sary departments of the State could provide for them. An order was therefore promulgated that day, directing that all companies in excess of those already designated and necessary for the six regiments in service should elect to be disbanded, or be placed on such a footing as to drill and pay as would measurably relieve them, and yet make their services available when desired. Under these orders eighteen companies were mustered and paid from the date of their several organizations to the day of payment. Among them were the commands of Captains Cass and Carlisle, at Bangor, Captain Crowell, at Winterport, Captain Sawyer, at Dixmont, Captain Roberts, at Dexter, and Captain Boynton, at Newport. One-third of the eighteen surplus companies, it seems, had been raised in the Penobscot Valley. All these decided to take leave of absence, without pay or rations, until again summoned into service. Twelve of the Cap- tains, with most of their original companies, did after- wards enter the Federal service. In the Report of the Adjutant-General of the State for 1862, honorable mention is made of a large number of cities and towns which had furnished their quotas, not only fully and promptly, but in such numbers as gave a surplus beyond their quotas. Among them were the following: Penobscot county. — Bradley, Chester, Dixmont, Etna, Lagrange, Lincoln, Mattawamkeag, Oldtown, Orono, Springfield, and Winn. From beginning to end of the war, most of the towns of Penobscot county were kept "out of the draft," though a great many substitutes were furnished, as will appear elsewhere in this chapter. In 1863, in Penobscot county, as in many other places in the State, a disloyal spirit of resistance to the draft became manifest, and preparations for war at home were made in some locali- fties. Dexter, with some towns in other counties, was supplied by the State with light field guns, for the use of the State Guards in case of local rebellion, while careful preparation was made for possible trouble at Bangor. The Adjutant-General's Report the next year said: "At Bangor, His Honor, Mayor Dale, deemed it prudent to have such public property stored at the State Arsenal as might be made available to an enemy or a mob, removed to localities in the city more easily and securely guarded. Joseph N. Downe, Esq., an experienced artillerist, (though not in commission,) was placed in charge of the city defences and the drilling of gunners." The temporary danger, however, we are pleased to record, was passed without bloodshed. The following is the Adjutant-General's exhibit of en- listments and credits otherwise obtained in Penobscot county : Towns. Alton Argyle Bangor Bradford Bradley Brewer , Burlington Carmel Carroll Charleston Chester Clifton Corinna Corinth Dexter Dixmont Eddington Edinburg Enfield Etna Exeter Garland Glenburn Greenbush Greenfield Hampden Hermon Holden Rowland , Hudson Kenduskeag Lagrange Lee Levant Lincoln Lowell Mattawamkeag Maxfield Milford Mount Chase Newburg Newport Oldtown Orono Orrington Passadumkeag Patten Plymouth Prentiss Springfield Stetson Veazie Winn Drew plantation Mattamiscontis plantation.. Medway plantation No. I, No. of Milford R. I R-7 R. I R. 6, (Monterey). . . R. 6, (Oxbow) Pattagumpus plantation. . . Webster plantation Whitney Ridge plantation. Woodville plantation No, 3, No. 3, No. 4, No. s, No. 9, 3?^ s Total of County. 36 16 1043 104 72 175 36 74 23 81 29 115 13s 112 S7 4 49 51 117 95 46 42 26 177 97 47 12 SI S3 49 S2 6S 136 43 20 13 40 4 82 67 328 13s 133 26 75 69 IS 61 64 54 S Q 38 24 926 92 62 160 30 76 25 74 los 148 26 48 107 93 S4 45 26 188 78 47 S2 46 37 78 91 27 20 9 4S II 91 82 177 122 109 19 36 69 23 52 61 61 17 421 1 104 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The returns of enrolled militia for 1861, complete for Penobscot county, showed 9,124 men (only 818 less than Cumberland, and greater than any other county in the State). It is thus seen how large a proportion— 97.5 per cent, —of the militiamen of Penobscot enlisted in the ser- vice of their country. THE ROSTER. We now come to the immense roll of honor that records the magnificent contingent Penobscot county put in the field during the late war. Happily, the care of the company clerks and all others concerned with the preparation of the rolls and their publication, enables us to locate with reasonable certainty in his own town almost every man in the regimental or battery organiza- tions. It is hoped that few blunders occur in this — either of omission or of misplacing a soldier. So far as was practicable we have followed the soldiers in their promotions, if any ; but it is hardly probable that all have been observed. We repeat that most of the sketches of history are taken almost verbatim from Adjutant-General Hodsdon's reports: FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY was organized April 28, 1861, and mustered into the United States service at Portland, May 3d, to serve three months. On the ist day of June it left for Washington, where it encamped on Meridian Hill, and there remained in the performance of necessary guard duty at exposed points till August ist, when it left for Portland, where it was mustered out of the United States service, August Sth, by Captain Thomas Hight, Second United States dragoons. The only member of this regiment from the Penobscot valley seems to have been William H. Moore, of Corinna, Private of Co. K. FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY, VETERAN VOLUNTEERS. This regiment, being a consolidation of the veterans and recruits of the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh regiments of infantry, was organized at Charlestown, Virginia, Au- gust 21, 1864, in accordance with orders from War De- partment, and was engaged at the battle of Charlestown during the first day of its organization. The regiment was also engaged at Winchester on September 19th, at Fisher's Hill on the 21st, and at Cedar Creek on October 19th, taking its part in all the marches of the Shenandoah Valley campaign, losing in the several engagements i oflficer, 11 enlisted men killed, 2 ofificers, 97 en- listed men wounded, and 15 missing. On the 12th of December the regiment arrived at City Point, Vir- ginia, and remained in front of Petersburg doing camp and picket duty, besides being occasionally en- gaged in skirmishing, until the 25th of March, 1865, when it formed a part of the column of the Sixth Corps, in their successful assault of the enemy's lines near Fort Fisher. On the 2d of April it participated in the en- gagement at Hatcher's Run, and afterwards took a prom- inent part in the storming of the battery at Lee's head- quarters; then skirmished across the Appomatox until nightfall. It also participated in the pursuit of Lee's retreating army, as also its surrender; and on the 26th of April it arrived at Danville, Virginia, where the regi- ment was stationed doing provost duty during the follow- ing month. Afterwards the regiment returned to Wash- ington, participated in the grand review at that place on the 23d of May, when, on the 28th of June, they were mustered out of the United States service by Brevet- Major George H. Amidon, A. C. M., and immediately proceeded to Maine, and were paid and finally discharged on the 3d of July. FIELD AND STAFF. Adjutant William H. Coan, Eexter. Quartermaster-Sergeant Moses Palmer, jr., Patten. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant George R. Cony, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Walter B. Jenness, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Edward H. Feeney, Bangor. ' , PRIVATES. Peter Ativine, George W. Bonney, John Bradley, William H. Carver, George Casey, Frank P. Davis, Fabian Dube, Edward Fortier, William R. Grant, Nathaniel E. Johnson, John Loney, Joseph Vanna, Bangor; Robert Honell, George R. Cony, Joseph Francis, Oldtown; John Gerow, Veazie; Walter B. Jenness, Harmon. COMPAISTY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Alvin A. Messer, Enfield. PRIVATES. Thomas Malony, Bangor; George A. Cook, Charles L. Feltmaii, Isolah S. Pealsah, Oldtown; Moses Giles, Glenbum; Henry C. Hold, Eddington; Freeman Haur, Hudson; John Lisbon, Thomas F. Crocker, Orono; Alvin A. Messer, Enfield. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Charles Lowell, Enfield. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Walter B. Jenness, Hermon. Sergeant John J. Fogg,' Orono. Sergeant Isaac Pratt, Oldtown. Corporal J oseph W. Estabrook, Bangor. Corporal Benjamin F. Goodwin, Stetson. PRIVATES. Alonzo Celley, Alvin B. Hudson, Frank B. Holden, Arthur Ingra- ham, John S. McClure, William J. White, Bangor; Phineas T. Bean, George H. Doherty, Folsom Dutton, Edward Felix, Parmenter Shep- ard, Jeremiah Hanscomb, George Kinsell, Octave Lizotte, Charles E. Miles, Joseph W. Riggs, Green C. Spencer, Charles E. Atwood, Ken- duskeag; Allen W. Bailey, Milford; Samuel Emery, jr., Veazie; Charles W. Johnston, Stillwater; Mark C. Jenness, Hermon; Edwin Jordan, Bradley; Thomas S. Libby, Lincoln; Edward Reynolds, Winn; Stephen Sewall, Milford; Colby Smith, Bradley; Ira F. Stinch- field, David C. Whitney, Lincoln; Frank W. Titcomb, Garland; Ira B. Tibbetts, Carmel; Asa G. Wiggin, George W. Fogg, Stetson; Henry C. White, Lowell; Augustus Whitman, Orono. COMPANY D. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant James W. Sutherland, Bangor. PRIVATES. Alonzo Batchelder, Allen V. Greene, William A. Jellison, Henry G. Lane, Andrew Mann, Francis McCarty, John McGeary, Peter Newell, John M. Rice, Charles Roberts, Charles B. Vickery, William S. Can', Bangor; Judson W. Currier, Garland; Charles Dyer, Oliver J. Fuller, George S. Gould, Jonas P. Lovejoy, Asa B. Lowell, William H. Quimby, John Roncon, Edward J. Sturtevant, Dexter; Martin V. Eldridge, Newbury; W. Frost, James C, Lander, Joseph Wormwood, Corinna; Lorenzo H. Roberts, Corinth; Benjamin F. Pratt, Oldtown. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 107 COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William Crosby, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George W. Fogg, Stetson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Albert L. Jones, Holden. Corporal Hosea Q. Morton, Etna. Corporal Thomas W. Chick, Clifton. PRIVATES. Moses Babcock, Michael Gallagher, James H. McKeen, William Parker, Stephen Willetts, William Crosby, Anthony Perry, Bangor; Hannibal H. Coombs, John Glover, John S. Yates, Mattawamkeag; Harry F. Mills, Daniel E. Mills, Levant; William D. Mills, Corinth; Thomas L. Pillsbury, Garland; Joshua Witham, Dexter; Ephraim Perkins, Brewer. COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain George H. Buker, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Wagoner Isaiah Allen, Lincoln. PRIVATES. Henry Cowan, Warren H. Farrer, DeWitt C. Morrill, Bangor; George L. Buswell, Dexter; George Cole, Oldtown; Alvah B. Doble, Etna; David S. Richardson, Greenbush; Stephen A. Goodwin, Lincoln. COMPANY G. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George N. Fogg, Stetson. Corporal Michael H. Smith, Lincoln. PRIVATES. Peter Ames, James Kenney, Bangor; Joseph R. Brown, Dexter; Henry M. Curtis, Charles Glassion, Alexander H. Hunt, Calvin Lea- vitt, Sebattis Mohawk, Frank Susup, George W. Wilson, Oldtown; John Megaw, Carroll; Silas R. Rowell, Eddington; John Thompson, Hermon; Hiram Lowell, Patten. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Walter B. Jenners, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Walter B. Jenners, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant William H. Pitcher, Bangor. Sergeant Alvin A. Messer, Enfield. Sergeant Nyron B. Roberts, Lincoln. Corporal Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. Coiporal Charles M. Farnham, Edinburg. Corporal John B. Fleming, Lincoln. Corporal WiUis S. Lancaster, Maxfield. Corporal Oliver Hull, Oldtown. Musician Benjamin Cates, Bangor. PRIVATES. FeUx Betters, James Carney, William W. Harris, Charles Jimmo, Mayland F. Jacobs, John Nedds, Samuel Newell, Benjamin Oakes, Madison C. Rowe, Charles C. Smith, Alexander N. Hunt, Warren I. Ring, Oldtown; William E. Chatman, James Shean, George A. Stet- son, William Gibson, Bangor; Horace Dexter, Corinth; Daniel Floyd, Llewellyn Pollard, Hampden; John M. Garey, Garland; Luther Haynes, Franklin Haynes, Passadumkeag; M. V. B. Hutchins, Brewer; Marshal Jimmo, Patten; Joseph C. Kelley, Orono; Orlando J. Rowe, Eddington; Franklin Young, Exeter; Walter B. Jenners, Hermon. COMPANY I. • COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Bicknell, Bangor. First Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Lewis E. Hardy, Hampden. Sergeant Andrew J. Kimball, Patten. Corporal Albion P. Hardy, Hampden. Corporal Josiah Smith, Garland. Corporal James Norton, Bangor. Musician Reuel D. Worcester, Hermon. Musician Sumner H. Condon, Bangor. Wagoner John Isham, Bangor. PRIVATES. Benjamin Bicknell, William P. Burgess, Richard Davis, James John- son, Patrick Early, Bangor; Elisha C. Debeck, Clifton; Abraham Grover, Sidney A. Milton, Oldtown; George W. Hodgkins, Stetson; Hibbard S. Leeraan, Dexter; George Lesser, Orono; Greenleaf B. Staples, Glenburn; Charles T. Snow, Hampden; Rufus K. Stevens, Hudson; Joseph Stanislaus, Lincoln. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Wagoner Charles S. Worcester, Glenburn. PRIVATES. George Bunker, Charleston; Joseph H. Burton, William C. Mann, Eddington; Sylvanus Davis, William H. Evans, Otis W. Ellis, William H. GuUifer, James Garrity, Joseph Gillespie, Peter Grant, Oilman Knights, John O. Lee, Michael McLaughlin, James McGunuicle, Jesse H. Snow, George A. Tweedie, Thomas C. Barker, Bangor; Henry Jones, Hampden; James S. Russell, Glenburn; Hosea Sawyer, Orono; John Swassen, Thomas P. Smith, Warren T. Ring, Oldtown; George W. Fogg, Stetson; Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Bangor, leaving there May 14, 1861, and was mustered into the United States service at Willett's Point, Long Island, N. Y., May 28, 1861, to serve two years. Arrived at Washington on the 31st, and encamped on Meridian Hill till July ist, and at Falls Church, Virginia, until the i6th. It took a prominent part in the battle of Bull Run, July 2 1 St, losing in the engagement 47 killed and wounded, and over 100 missing. Arriving in Washington on the 23d, they garrisoned Fort Corcoran until the middle of October, when they were assigned to the First brigade. Porter's division, and left the fort for Hall's Hill, remain- ing there until the ist of March, 1862, at which time they advanced with the Army of the Potomac on Manassas; afterwards participated in the siege of Yorktown. On the 27th of May, the regiment was engaged at the battle of Hanover Court House. During this engagement their loss in killed wass light, though the number of wounded was large. The regiment took a prominent part in the battle of Gaines Hill, and during the seven days' retreat was repeat- edly under fire, and at the battle of Malvern Hill success- fully held a dangerous and conspicuous position during the day, losing but few men. They remained several weeks at Harrison's Landing, when on its evacuation they were ordered to join General Pope's army, and on the 30th of August participated in the battle of Manassas. They retreated with the army to Washington and encamped on Arlington Heights, where after remaining three days they marched into Maryland. At the battle of Antietam, on the 17th of Sep- tember, the regiment was under fire in the reserve, and after the battle was among the first to enter Sharpsburg after the enemy had left. Shortly after this the regiment in an effort to ford the river at Shepherdstown, was con- fronted by a largely superior force of the enemy, and, under a galling fire, was obliged to re-ford the river. On the 13th of December the regiment took a prom- inent part in the' battle of Fredericksburg. Their loss in io8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE killed and wounded in that engagement was very heavy. During General Hooker's operations at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, the regiment formed a part of the right wing of his army, and at the last named battle, in May, 1863, was mostly behind breastworks. When the regiment's time expired in May, 125 of the number who were sworn in for three years, were transferred to the Twentieth Maine volunteers, and the remainder, 275, in- cluding officers and men, returned to Maine, where they were mustered out of the United States service at Ban- gor, June 4 and 9, 1863, by Captain Thomas C. J. Bai- ley, Seventeenth United States infantry. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Charles D. Jameson, Bangor. Colonel Charles W. Roberts, Bangor. Colonel George Vamey, Bangor. Lieutenant Colonel Charles W. Roberts, Bangor. Lieutenant Colonel George Varney, Bangor. Lieutenant Colonel Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor. Major George Varney, Bangor. Major Daniel Chaplin, Bangor. Major Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor. Adjutant John E. Reynolds, Bangor. Quartermaster Charles V. Lord, Bangor. Quartermaster Samuel W. Hoskins, Oldtown. Surgeon William H. Allen, Orono. Surgeon Daniel McRuer, Bangor. Surgeon Samuel B. Morrison, Bangor. Assistant Surgeon Augustus C. Hamlin, Bangor. Assistant Surgeon Alden D. Palmer, Orono. Assistant Surgeon John T. Main, Unity. Assistant Surgeon William R. Benson, Newport. Quartermaster Sergeant Luther A. Pierce, Bangor. Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel Nash, Bangor. Sergeant Major Edward L. Appleton, Bangor. Sergeant Major Charles J. Ellis, Oldtown. Sergeant Major James A. Banks, Bangor. Hospital Steward Alden L. Palmer, Orono. Hospital Steward Daniel W. Edgerly, Bangor. Hospital Steward Grenlief C. Brook, Bangor. Commissary Sergeant Rodney W. Warren, Bangor. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Herman Bartlett, Bangor, Co, A. Captain Rinaldo B. Wiggin, Bangor, Co. A. Captain Elisha N. Jones, Orrington, Co. C. Captain Eliphalet S. Morrill, Brewer, Co. C. Captain William R. Currier, Brewer, Co. C. Captain Levi Emerson, Bangor, Co. E. Captain Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. Captain Daniel Chaplin, Bangor, Co. F. Captain Albion P. Wilson, Bangor, Co. F. Captain Frederick Meinecke, Bangor, Co. G. Captain Augustus B. Farnham, Bangor, Co. G. Captain Frank H. Gamsey, Bangor, Co. G. Captain Daniel F. Sargent, Bangor, Co. H. Captain Edward L. Getchell, Bangor, Co. H. Captain John Carrol], Bangor, Co. I. Captain Daniel White, Bangor, Co. I. Captain Fernando C. Foss, Oldtown, Co. K. Captain John C. Quimby, Oldtown, Co. K. First Lieutenant Rinaldo B. Wiggin, Bangor, Co. A. First Lieutenant James Deane, Bangor, Co. A. First Lieutenant George J. Brown, Casline, Co. B. First Lieutenant John R. Skinner, Brewer, Co. C. First Lieutenant William R. Currier, Brewer, Co. C. First Lieutenant John W. Adams, Bangor, Co. E. First Lieutenant Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. First Lieutenant Collin L. Downs, Brewer, Co. E. First Lieutenant Albion P. Wilson, Bangor, Co. F. First Lieutenant George W. Brown, Bangor, Co. F. First Lieutenant Warren H. Boynton, Bangor, Co. F. First Lieutenant Augustus B. Farnham, Bangor, Co. G. First Lieutenant Frank H. Gamsey, Bangor, Co. G. First Lieutenant Horatio Staples, Bangor, Co. G. First Lieutenant Edward L. Getchell, Bangor, Co. H. First Lieutenant Ralph W. Morse, Bangor, Co. H. First Lieutenant Henry Casey, Bangor, Co. L First Lieutenant Samuel B. Field, Bangor, Co. L First Lieutenant Albert G, Fellows, Oldtown, Co. K. First Lieutenant Albert L. Cowan, Oldtown, Co. K. Second Lieutenant James Dean, Bangor, Co. A. Second Lieutenant Horace Brown, Hampden, Co. A. Second Lieutenant Samuel B. Hinkley, Bangor, Co. A. Second Lieutenant Francis S. Trickey, Bangor, Co. A. Second Lieutenant Eliphalet S. Morrill, Brewer, Co. C. Second Lieutenant Francis P. Hall, Brewer, Co. C. Second Lieutenant Lyman E. Richardson, Bangor, Co. E. 'Second Lieutenant Thomas Foster, Hampden, Co. E. Second Lieutenant Collin L. Downs, Brewer, Co. E. Second Lieutenant Edwin L. Sterling, Bangor, Co. E. Second Lieutenant Warren H. Boynton, Bangor, Co. F. Second Lieutenant Arthur C. Whitcomb, Hampden, Co. F. Second Lieutenant Sewall H. Downes, Brewer, Co. F. Second Lieutenant Frank H. Gamsey, Bangor, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Horatio Staples, Bangor, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Joseph B. Forbes, Bangor, Co. G. Second Lieutenant George Vinal, Orono, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Ralph W. Morse, Bangor, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Daniel Quinby, jr., Bangor, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Miles Sweeney, Bangor, Co. L Second Lieutenant F. J. Moore, Bangor, Co. L Second Lieutenant Albert L. Cowan, Oldtown, Co. K. Second Lieutenant John C. Quimby, Oldtown, Co. K. REGIMENTAL BAND. Americus D. Harlow, Leader; Ezekiel Andrews, James F. Bab- cock, Americus Chapman, George D. Dowing, Charles A. Frost, John F. Foster, William N. Gilles, Edwin W. Goodale, George Holt, Rufus Merrill, Wilhard B. Peacks, William L. Leavey, Elisha M. Smith, Amasa White, Bangor ; Moses A. Colbum. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Joseph B. Forbes, Bangor. First Sergeant William P. Holden, Bangor. First Sergeant Edwin L. Sterling, Bangor. First Sergeant John M. Sherwood, Bangor. First Sergeant Sewal H. Downs, Brewer. First Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. First Sergeant George A. McClellan, Oldtown. Sergeant Charles Able, Bangor. Sergeant William J. Dean, Bangor. Sergeant Christopher S. Gorham, Bangor. Sergeant Charles F. Hall, Bangor. Sergeant George E. Holt, Bangor. Sergeant W. H. H. Hasey, Bangor. Sergeant Marcellus D. Joy, Bangor. Sergeant Albert M. Jackson, Bangor. Sergeant Richard Kelleher, Bangor. Sergeant John Q. A. Lancey, Bangor. Sergeant Chairles F. Lovejoy, Bangor. Sergeant William H. S. Lawrence, Bangor. Sergeant Leonard P. Martin, Bangor. Sergeant Charles W. B. Miller, Bangor. Sergeant Daniel Quimby, jr. , Bangor. Sergeant Joseph L. Rowe, Bangor. Sergeant Reaviel David, Bangor. Sergeant B'rancis Vancon , jr. , Bangor. Sergeant Nelson F. Libbie, Bangor. Sergeant Albert Wiggin, Bangor. Sergeant George F. Whitney, Bangor. Sergeant Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. Sergeant William R. Currier, Brewer. Sergeant Colin L. Downs, Brewer. Sergeant Francis P. Hall, Brewer. Sergeant James Nicholson, Brewer. Sergeant Augustus Nickerson, Brewer. Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. ■ Sergeant Albert J. .Snow, Brewer. Sergeant Willard H. Burton, Eddington. Sergeant Joseph Card, Glenburn. Sergeant John Sawyer, Hermon. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 109 Sergeant Hiram B. French, Holden. Sergeant Henry H. Gilmore, Holden. Sergeant Abiather J. Knowles, Lagrange. Sergeant Justin S. Nevans, Levant. Sergeant John Sawyer, Newbu.g. Sergeant James A. Burlingame, Oldtown. Sergeant Charles C. Morse, Oldtown. Sergeant John E. Quimby, Oldtown. Sergeant Albert S. Ross, Oldtown. Sergeant Daniel Staples, Oldtown. Sergeant John J. Randall, Orono. Sergeant George Vinal, Orono. Sergeant George A. McLellan, Stillwater. Corporal Charles Able, Bangor. Corporal Josiah A, Bailey, Bangor. Corporal Stephen D. Benson , Bangor. Corporal William H. Boyce, Bangor. Corporal Joseph W. Chamberlain, Bangor. Corporal Reuel S. Clark, Bangor. Corporal Hartshorn P. Crowell, Bangor. Corporal Charles B. Cobb, Bangor. Corporal Lewis Green, Bangor. Corporal John Hawthorn, Bangor. Corporal Elbridge F. Haskill, Bangor. Corporal Tristram W. Haskill, Bangoi. Corporal William H. Johnson, Bangor. Corporal William S. Jordan, Bangor. Corporal Peter Morgan, Bangor. Corporal Dennis Mahoney, Bangor. Corporal Leonard P. Martin, Bangor. Corporal Henry McLaughlin, Bangor. Corporal David Reaviel, Bangor. Corporal Edwin L. Sterling, Bangor. Corporal Alonzo Stevens, Bangor. Corporal Henry Schnell, Bangor. Corporal Albert L. Spencer, Bangor. Corporal John E. Trafton, Bangor. Corporal William Twomey, Bangor. Corporal Francis Vancon, jr. , Bangor. Corporal Peter Welch, Bangor. Corporal George F. Whitney, Bangor. Corporal J. B. York, Bangor. Corporal Edwin Currier, Brewer. Corporal Henry M. Cushman, Brewer. Corporal Charles W. Morrill, Brewer. Corporal James M. Simpson, Brewer. Corporal Moses Small, Brewer. Corporal Cyrus Sweet, Brewer. Corporal W. H. H. Wilson, Brewer. Corporal John S. Small, Carmel. Corporal James McKeen, Eddington. Corporal Harrison J. Folsom, Newburg. Corporal Cyrus Bray, Oldtown. Corporal Carpenter Burlingham, Oldtown. Corporal Americus V. Moore, Oldtown. Corporal Henry McLaughhn, Oldtown. Corporal John P. Wentworth, Lagrange. Corporal William Berry, Orrington, Corporal James H. Adams, Lincoln. Corporal Andrew J. Fozier. Plymouth. Corporal Daniel R. Kenney, Stetson. Corporal Joseph A. Burlingham, Stillwater. Corporal Cyrus F. Barrett, Hermon. Corporal Thomas H. Worcester, Hermon. Corporal Charles J. Ellis, Hermon. Corporal Jeremiah B. Atkins, Exeter. Musician Michael Quimbey, Bangor. Musician Robert Quimby, Bangor. Musician Alden D. Page, Brewer. Musician Howard Savage, Lagrange. Musician Ariel H. Ward, Levant. Musician John T. Burnham, Oldtown. Musician Eben R. Dinsmore, Oldtown. Musician Frank N. Morrs, Veazie. Wagoner Charles D. Lander, Bangor. Wagoner Amos B. Steanes, Bradford. Wagoner Crosby N. Crocker, Kenduskeag. George B. Crawford, John H. McMuUen, William Patterson, Sam- uel Whitcomb, Henry S. Wiley, Alton ; William Jellerson, Alexander McKee, Argyle ; WiUiam G. Abbot, John Adley, Eze- kiel Andrews, Ananias Ash, Robert L. Atkins, James A. Banks, Patrick Barry, Daniel W. Bagley, David Bartlett, Thomas B. Barker, Edward Baker, Ansel F. Barden, John Berkit, Thomas Belcher, Na- than Benson, Thomas R. Blaine, John Billings, Isaac Berry, Hiram A. Billington, Warren W. Bradford, Ezekiel C. Bickford, David Brock, Greenlief C. Brock, John D. Boynton, Edwin R. Blodgett, Ben- jamin C. Burton, Peter Bohn, Benjamin Chase, Alexander H. Chase, Lewis Capin, Edward R. Chamberlain, Archibald A. Campbell, W. H. Chamberlain, Patrick Casey, John CaroU 2d., Peter Cannon, Benjamin F. Call, George W. Carlisle, Peter Carney, George Cole, Alison G. Cleaves, Horton B. Crowell, Charles Crowell, Edward Con- way, John Conway, Hugh Conway, Lafayette M. Crosby, John R. Clements, Michael Crowley, Dennis Connell, Jeremiah Corcoran, Sim- eon Crawford, Michael Connell, Daniel J. Colson, Thomas B. Chal- mer, Cornelius Ct;onan, John L. Dearling, James W. Davis, John Doherty, Samuel Dearborn, John B. Drummond, Herman J. Day, Abraham G. Dow, William Duckworth, James DriscoU, Timothy Donovan, Charles F. Dougherty, John Davis, Charles W. Doble, Henry O. Dunbar, Lysander A. Dunbar, Garret B. Dinsmore, Daniel W. Edgerly, George A. Emerson, Charles H. Ellison, Levi Estes, William O. Farris, Abram Fenton, Patrick J. Furrell, James Flinn, John Fitzpatrick, William Field, Luther Furgeson, James A. Foote, Harrison F. Gould, Ormond F. Graves, Reuben K. Glover, Harrison H. Coding, Leander L. Graffam, Joseph W. Greene, George T. Graves, Don Gilmore, Henry Granville, John Geoghen, Hugh Gillog- ly, Patric Golden, jr., Seth H. Hall, Zebedee T. Hawes, Phillips Har- bach, William Hatch, David D. Hanson, Cyrus Hanson, Patrick Hawesburg, John Harmon, Charles H. Hodgkins, Willis P. ^Harvey, George E. Holt, Otis F. Hooper, Lyman Hersey, Henry A. Holden, Peter Haggerty, Michael Hogan, John Higgins, Charles G. Heenan, Virgil N. Higgins, Sam D. Hunt, John Harmond, William Inhoff, Sabin Jordan, Alvin F. Jameson, John V. Jordan, Frank A. Johnson, Elden A. Keen, Albion K. P. Knowles, Edward J. Kelleher, Michael Kelley, Michael Kelley 2d., Thomas Kelley, James Kinney, James Kelly, Thomas W. Kelley, John Kelley, Alexander E. Lester, Charles L. Lovejoy, Levi J. Lovejoy, Sam W. Leathers, WiUiam H. Love- joy, William E. Laflin, Stephen A. Leighton, John Lynes, Elsbury Macoy, Thomas McDonough, James McMahon, Michael J. McPhee, Samuel Mansill, George A. Miller, George A. McClure, William H. McKinny, Henry W. Martin, Geoige S. Maxwell, John Y. McKenny, Lewis Marsh, jr., Henry H. Morse, James McAnulty, Cornelius Ma- honey, David T. Moody, Charles Moore, William McLellan, Edward McKenny, Isaac McKenney, Martin McLaughlin, Elrose McLaugh- lin, Albert Marsh, Frank B. Miller, Edward McTaggart, George C, Martin, Samuel Marrow, John Morse, John McCann, Henry H. May- ville, Robert McKenney, Timothy Mahoney, Michael McLaughlin, John H. Neal, William A. Neal, James Newman, William H. Nor- wood, John O'Mara, Henry O'Niel, Hiram B. Odlin, Waldo P. Od- lin, John O'Brien, Edward F. Orff, jr., Francis Philbrook, Horatio Pitcher, David O. Pollard, George W. Pratt, Henry L. Perkins, Charles H. Pond, John H. Peters, Charles E. Perry, Patrick Peters, Richard Powers, Thomas Plumatoe, Charles R. Quint, Cyrus Rogers, Nathaniel R. Robbins, Enoch L. Robinson, Josiah Ray, Gershom C. Robbins, Charles Rollins, George H. Rich, Moses G. Rice, James Robinson, David H. Royal, John Riley, Philip Riley, Isaac Roberts, Charles F. Roberts, Henry Reaviel, Melville H. Robbins, Richard Soule, Horace F. Shorey, George Schwitzer, Hunnewell Shepherd, James R. Skillins, John F. Spaulding, Charles H. Sinclair, William L. Stevens, Michael Shea, John A. Savage, Hiram Swan, Reuben Snow, Jeremiah Sullivan, Samuel A. Stevens, W. H. Stevens, William A. Severance, William H. Sanger, Miles J. Sweeney, Charles Stuart, Samuel C. Stewart, WilUam Sheehan, Larkey Sharkey, James Stone, Joseph Speed, Napoleon B. Shepleo, Edward K. Spaulding, Francis Trickey, Charles L. Torrey, Charles Thorns, Edgar B. Taylor, Thomas Twomey," DennisTracey, Stephen Timmons, Thomas Timmons, William H. Thompson, Samuel W. Veazie, Charles B. Veazie, Sewell L. Veazie, Stillman W. Verplast, Rodney M. Warren, William D. Waterhouse, R. H. Webster, Henry W. Wheeler, Pat Welch, Albion Whitcomb, George Whitney, Nathan B. Wiggin, jr. , Ezekiel F. Wentworth, H. N. Washburn, Bethuel Washburn, Galen Worcester, Ransom Whar- ton, Charles H. Whitney, Charles A. Whitney, Asa Wilson, William H, Wentworth, James F. Wentworth, Oscar Wyer, Robert Wyer, James Wilson, John Wright, Benjamin F. York, Bangor; Augustus HISTORY Of PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. C. Bailey, Daniel Bailey, John J. Cunningham, Dan C. Dyer, John W. Dyer, Ezra M. Mathew, Stephen H. Mathew, Elrose McLaughUn, Albert Pierce, John F. Reeves, Andiew Strout, Alvin D. N. Strout Bradford; George M. Clewly, Thomas Cunningham, George Locke, John Locke, John Leonard, Luther M. Pollard, Alfred Sawyer, Brad- ley; Thomas W. Arthur, Alexander F. Bacon, Henry L. Barker, Ab. ner O. Boden, Charles Brown, WiUiam B. Brown, Frank Burr, Edwin Bradley, Masellus Blake, Charles B. Carter, Noah H. Cook, George J. Gushing, Franklin Gushing, Charles E. Currier, Charles A. Currier, Charles J. Doble, Andrew Deering, Ambrose W. Fickett, Charles Fitzgerald, George W. Foster, Charles E. Foster, Joseph W. Folger, AmasaW. Ficket, Lincoln Given, John T. Given, William S. Good- win, Albert A. Gregg, John L. Grindle, Leonidas Hall, Henry A. Harlow, Washington Harlow, Jeremiah Hobbs, Atherton Howes, John W. Kellan, Henry J. Leach, Grin Mayo, Charles W. Merrill, Charles F. Nickerson, Melville Nickerson, Elijah Nickerson, Asa Nick- olson, Joel C. Pierce, Judson A. Rankins, William C. Sargent, La- forest H. Sawtelle, Samuel Sinclair, John H. Simpson, Frank S. Smith, James H. Smith, Samuel H. Winchester, William W. Wad- leigh, Charles Washburn, Silas Washburn, LeanderVickery, Brewer; Le- roy W. Atkins, John Hurd, Cyrus T. Jones, Delon Newcomb, Henry S. Prescott, John Benjamine, Jeremiah Blaisdell, John Fitzpatrick, Henry Hurd, William Slower, Daniel D. Tarr, Carmel; Atwood P. Jones, Carroll; Henry A. Carpenter, Charleston; Robert F. Atheron, Frederic A. Blood, William F. Chase, John Garnet, Warren H. Orcutt, Horace Wyman, Chester; Eben D. Crosby, Stephen R. Crosby, John Colby, William Debeck, Charles Giles, Clifton; Ezra B. Ricker, Corinna; Ed- win C. Copeland, Edward W. Copeland, Dexter; George Bean, Nor- ris D. Condon, Moses Cook, Winslow Cushman, Elbridge Doble, An- drew J. Getchell, William Hussey, HoUisSidelinker, Dixmont; John W. B. Austin, Joseph C. Davis, James H. Erskine, Levi E. Lancaster, Llewellyn S. Maddock, George B. Martin, Phinson R. McKeen, Drummond Richardson, Snell W. Smith, Eddington; Valentine Spen- cer, Edinburg; Washington Cole, Isaac W. Deane, Isaac H. Fair- brother, Charles Friend, Charles Glidden, Gustine Jordan, William A. Souel, John A, Turner, Horace Whitcomb, Otis W. Whitcomb, Etna; George Edgerly, Joseph W. Kelley, Charles A. Tarbox, Henry Whee- ler, Lander Shaw, Exeter; Adelbert H. Sawtelle, Edward Osgood, Garland; James Card, Samuel O. Curtis, Washington I. Martin, Glen- burn; George Jephard, Henry L. Wheeler, Andrew F. White, Nathan S. White, William W. Witham, Greenfield; Edward C. Betts, Sewell M. Cowan, Stephen B. Fowler, WiUiam B. Fowler, Albert G. Furbish, George W. Grant, Sylvanus Humphrey, Martin Joss, Henry F. Ken- nard, David H. Royal, Arthur C. Whitcomb, Trustin Whitcomb, Fer- dinand N. Wing, William B. Welch, Hampden; Harrison L. Barrett, Hannibal H. Crocker, John F. Clifford, Stephen W. Dawson, Michael Gallagher, Alvin W. Grant, Charles T. Greene, Haskell P. Kimball, Lyman Moses, Emery Morrill, John F. Reed, George A. Tash, Ben- jamin Webber, Thomas Wyman, Amos R. Witham, Hermon; John Greenya, Albert C. Hart, Benjamin N. West, Holden, Walter P. Hammett, Samuel T. Haynes, Howland; Adoniram J. Bank, Charles Haley, James McKenny, David F. Page, John Warner, John C. Warner, Summer L. Warner, Kenduskeag; James Brown, Leonard D. Carver, Aivin H. House, John S. Knowles, Alonzo Wentworth, La- grange; William Crandlemire, George E. Field, Samuel MoUett, Oscar Thomas, Lee; John W, Curtis, George G. Mills, William J. Mills, Henry McPherson, Edward F. Sealand, Levant; James M. Clay, De- catur Gates, Charles F. Hall, John Sample, Lincoln; John C. Harvey, Maxfield; Peter Murtaugh, Medway; Hiram Brown, Freeman H. But- terfield, Albert H. Hammon, Joseph Hutchings, William J. Richard- son, Henry Smith, Ira W. Spencer, Daniel Whelan, Milford; Alfred Kneeland, Henry W. Sweetsir, Gordon Tibbetts, Newburgh; Henry H. Blackwell, HoUis G. Libbey, Judson A. Ross, Hollis B. Marsh Newport; Charles C. Brown, Paul Burton, Benedict Bumes, Elijah Carr, Benjamin J. Coombs, Parker Carson, Isaiah Clark, Adol'phus S. Crawford, George E. Donham, John B. E. Donham, Nehemiah Dow! Henry W. Drinkwater, Edwin Dillingham, Oscar L. Dillingham^ George A. Doe, William H. Eaton,. Joseph Egagnon, George H. Far- rar, William Farrar, Stephen Frye, Isaac Gould, William H. Gibbons Thomas Griffis, William H. Hanson, Nicholas Harris, Augustus Hines, George Hines, Frederic Holman, Hiram B. Ingalls, Jesse B. Johnson, George W. Leach, Augustus McLaughlin, William E Morsy, William F. Mills, Daniel W. Morton, George R. Orcutt, Fred- erick Parady, Henry W. Pollard, Wilmot J. Robinson, Ripley R Rogers, Charles H. Roberts, George A. Sawtelle, William B. Salmon Henry H. Scfibner, David L. Simpson, John L. Spaulding, Edward R. Spaulding, Leonard Trafton, Casper Wagouski, Eben O. Weed, Charles W. Willie, Joseph Winslow, Oldtown; James H. Bacon, Wil- liam F. Bacon, Nehemiah P. Doe, Albert L. Douglass, Zebulon Doe, Samuel W. Davis, Fields W. Emerson, Edwin H. Estes, Simeon C. Fancy, WiUiam Foss, Edward Frederic, Edwin Frederic, David Le- grieon, James F. Lunt, James H. Mann, Philip Marr, Edwin P. Mayo, Samuel Mersey, James Newman, Zebulon Robbinson, Isaac Sanborn, jr., Joseph W. Sanborn, Andrew J. Thombs, William H. Ward, Oliver M. Wilson, Orono; Ellhanan W. Barnes, Francis A. Bierce, Alvah H. Godfrey, George K. Ingalls, Charles E. Jones, Jabez W. King, Edward D. Kent, Augustus N. Lufkin, Joshua S. Marshall, Vincent W. Pin- horn, Joseph S. Robinson, Henry J. Reynolds, James H. Rogers, Joseph S. Rogers, Lewis H. Snow, Watson H. Smith, Orrington; Samuel Nash, Passadumkeag; Stillman Buxton, Patten; Dudley H. Leavitt, Thomas D. Rice, Jefferson Pickard, James Pickard, Ply- mouth; WiUiam Feeling, Albert K. Lewis, George M. Lowell, Miles L. Scribner, Springfield; Frank A. Dinsmore, Samuel G. Kenney, Reuben M. Seavey, Columbus Shaw, Omer Shaw, Henry C. Van Bus- kirk, Stetson; Ephraim Brown, Carpenter Burlihgham, James H. Fall, Fred A. Michael, Stillwater; WiUiam Babcock, Warren Day, Andrew J. Dowe, John T. Durgin, Harvey Emery, jr., Lewis F. Morse, Harry MitcheU, John O'Brien, George H. PhiUips, Daniel Starkie, John H. Wentworth, Veazie. THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. Organized at Augusta, June 4, 1861, for the three years' service. In the two battles of Bull Run and many other engagements. Mustered out at Augusta, June 28, 1864. COMMISSIONED OFFICEE. Captain Frank S. Hesseltine, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Albert A. Davis, Bangor. PRIVATES. Charles O. Perry, Charles B. Rundlett, George W. Hines, Charles B. Cooley, James H. Thompson, George H. Wilson, Moses Brown, William CoUins, John Dougherty, Rufus Haur, Bangor; Edward S. Steames, Lowell; Albert R. Millett, Charleston; Walter H. Randolph, MarshaU A. Grant, Dixmont; Laban P. Frost, Glenburn; Benjamin Eddy, Corinth; Martin L. Hodgdon, Bangor; Asbury F. Haynes, Passadumkeag, Henry Hind, Plymouth; Thomas D. Jordan, Oldtown; John F. Johnson, Charles E. Lord, Thomas Lowe, Bangor; Charles H. Lewis, Bradford; John T. Clark, Corrina; Llewellyn Cleveland, Orrington; John Corrigan, Bradley; Arthur Dulfy, John Robinson, WiUiam Ritchie, Albert G. Frubush, Edward L. Hunt, Bangor; Rich- ard E. Myrich, Francis Hopdela, Mt. Chase; Horace J. Morton, Mil- ford; Jeremiah B. Atkins, Levant; John A. Curtis, Dexter; Howard C. HaU, Charleston; Frank W. Harding, Bangor; Benjamin F. Welsh, Passadumkeag; Albert Whitcomb, Alton; Frankhn W. Emery, Glen- burn; Charles Morrison, Elisha Mcintosh, Maxfield; Hollis B. Spauld- ing, Oldtown; Cornelius Chapman, Bradford; Augustus D. Hoyt, Passadumkeag; Edward A. Leavitt, Oldtown; Otis R. Pachard, Rufus G. Curtis, Richard C. Davis, WiUiam L. Hodsdon, Daniel B. Plum- mer, Patrick RusseU, Warren Sturtivant, Bangor. FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Rockland, June 15, 1 86 1, to serve three years, and on the 17th left for Washington, where they arrived on the 20th and en- camped on Meridian Hill. On the. i6th of July they proceeded to Centre ville, and on the 21st engaged in the battle of Bull Run, being among the last to leave the field, and retreating in good order under command of their officers. Their casualties in that engagement were as follows: Officers wounded i, taken prisoners 4; en- listed men killed 17, wounded 4, missing 38, nearly all of whom were wounded. The regiment, forming a por- tion of Sedgwick's Brigade of Heintzleman's Division, remained near Washington until the 17th of March, 1862, when they started with the army towards York- town, participating in the siege of that place. On the evacuation of Yorktown by the rebels, the regiment HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. marched towards Williamsburg, but did not arrive in time to take part in the engagement at that place. From Williamsburg the regiment marched and camped within twelve miles of Richmond. They were present at the battle of Seven Pines on the 31st of May, but at no time directly engaged, though part of the time exposed to the fire of the enemy. On the next day, however, the enemy having attacked the picket line, the regiment was engaged and retained the position Ihey occupied the night before, their casualties being 2 killed, 7 wounded, and I missing. On the 25th of June, the regiment was engaged with the enemy in front of Seven Pines, and held a most difficult position in face of the Rebel force through the night. On the ist of July they were pres- ent at the battle of Malvern Hill, and the next day re- treated to Harrison's Landing, remaining there until the iSth of August, when in conjunction with Heintzleman's entire corps, went to the support of General Pope's army, and on the 29th of August took a prominent part in the battle of Bull Run, losing during the day 7 killed, 33 wounded, and 7 missing. The following day the regiment was kept in reserve while the battle went on, and retreated at night towards Centreville, thence towards Fairfax Court-House, participating in the engage- ment at Chantilly on the ist of September, in which their casualties were 8 killed, 54 wounded, and 2 miss- ing, out of 240 men who were engaged. The next day they continued their retreat and arrived near Washing- ton on the 3d. There they remained until the iSth, when they crossed into Maryland and guarded the fords of the Upper Potomac. On the 12th of Octobei they assisted in the attempt to intercept Stuart's cavalry at ■Conrad's Ferry. They arrived at Falmouth on the 2 2d of November, and participated in the battle of Freder- icksburg on the 13th of December. They re-crossed the river on the iSth, returned to their old camp near Falmouth, and there remained engaged in drill and or- dinary camp and picket duty until the 28th of April, 1863, when they crossed the Rappahannock River at United States Ford, taking a prominent part in the battle of Chancellorsville on the 2d and 3d of May, their cas- ualties in that engagement being as follow: Killed, i; wounded, 21; missing, 10. From this time the regi- ment remained encamped until the nth of June, then joined in the campaign resulting in the battle of Gettys- burg, where on the 2d of July they participated in the engagement at that place, losing during the day 14 killed, 53 wounded, and 72 missing. They also engaged the enemy at Wappmg Heights and encamped at White Sulphur Springs on the ist of August. On the 7th of November they assisted in the attack on the enemy at Kelley's Ford, and the next day charged upon and soon drove a large force of the enemy from a position near Brandy Station, where the regiment encamped on the loth, remaining there until the 26th, when they marched to the Rapidan, engaged the enemy, losing 6 men wounded and 5 taken prisoners, and returned to Brandy Station, where they remained encamped until the 14th of March, 1864. At that date, on account of the reorganization of the army under General Grant, the regiment was as- signed to the Second Army Corps. On the 4th of May the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and on the nevt day were heavily engaged at Torbett's Tavern, where they supported a brigade of the Sixth corps. That night they rejoined their division, and at daybreak on the 6th they advanced on the enemy's position. They were engaged all that day and during the next. This was the battle of the Wilderness, during which their cas- ualties were: Officers killed 2, wounded 11; enlisted men killed 32, wounded 136, and missing 3. On the 23d the regiment, having been engaged in reconnoi- tring, building fortifications, etc., since the 8th, moved towards the North Anna river, where they took part in a charge upon the enemy, driving them across the bridge. On the 14th of June the regiment crossed the James River, moved two miles to the front and took position in line of battle. The following day the regiment was relieved from duty in the army and ordered to proceed to Rockland, Maine, where they arrived on the morning of the 2Sth. The men were furloughed until the 19th of July, on which day 241 officers and enlisted men were mustered out and discharged from the United States service by Captain Thomas C. J. Baily, Seven- teenth United States infantry, the re-enlisted men and recruits whose term of service had not expired, having been transferred to the Nineteenth Maine regiment volunteers before the departure of the regiment from the field. FIELD AND STAFF. Major William M. Pitcher, Bangor. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William L. Pitcher, Co. H, Bangor. Captain Albert L. Spencer, Co. H, Bangor. First Lieutenant, Albert L. Spencer, Co. H, Bangor. First Lieutenant George F. Bourne, Co. H, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George F. Bourne, Co. H, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Walter S. Goodale, Co. H, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant John M. Doe, Bangor. Sergeant Charles S. Doe, Bangor. Sergeant Walter S. Goodale, Bangor. Sergeant John A. Phillips, Bangor. Sergeant Hiram G. York, Dixmont. Sergeant Francis O. J. S. Hill, Newburg. Sergeant Almond E. Osgood, Newburgh. Corporal Charles W. Hopkins, Bangor. Corporal Rufus G. Bickford, Bangor. Corporal Michael Dorsey, Bangor. Corporal Robert Grant, Bangor. Corporal Albert A. Haynes, Bangor. Corporal John B. Longy, Bangor. Corporal Jerry Deming, Bangor. Corporal Edward E. Kent, Brewer. Corporal Winthrop Chick, Dixmont. Corporal John F. Stone, Dixmont. Corporal Hiram G. York, Dixmont. Corporal Solomon L. Stewart, Exeter. Corporal Abner C. Goodell, Hampden. Corporal Daniel W. Barker, Levant, Corporal Francis O. J. S. Hill, Newburg. Corporal Charles B. Parsons, Newburg. Corporal Isaiah B. Merrick, Newport. Corporal Moses H. Wilham, Plymouth. Musician John Knowles, jr., Hampden. Wagoner N. B. Fuller, Newburg. PRIVATES. Ira P. Allen, Richard Allum, George H. Baker, Joseph Boardway, Arthur L. Boynton, Benjamin F. Call, George Coe, John Cameron, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Eben Gushing, Jerry Demming, John Donahoe, Lyman P. Fowles, Erastus Furbish, James C. Garnet, Benjamin Gray, Thomas Hardan, Moses H. Hubbard, Alfred Howard, John H. Ham, David Hughey, William Kendrick, George Lessor, Hall J. Libby, Joshua Lovejoy, Alfred P. Merrick, Thomas Mortal, James Mulherin, John Murray, Emery A. McCallister, H. G. O. McDonald, James M. Mullin, Mel- ville Nichols, James Quimby, Frederic H. Rogers, Charles Rose, James Rediker, Simon L. Norton, Edward B. Nickerson, Solomon Parent, Samuel L. Smith, Adolphus Whitney, Bangor; William Babcock, Bradley; John Elden, Elisha Simpson, John Simpson, Bradford; Edgar A Stanley, Benjamin Burr, Robert F. Greene, Thomas F. Greene, Howard A. Thayer, Horace B. Washburn, Horatio U. Washburn, Brewer; Abijah N. Clay, Enfield; Francis M. Dearborn, Robert G. Flanders, George Wellington, Garland; Edward C. Megguier, John H. Thomas, Glenbum; Jeremiah Avery, Greenfield; Albert F. Folsome, William D. Lowell, Joshua B. Whitney, jr., Greenbush; Edward H. Bean, David Higgins, Augustus Hodgman, Hampden; Edward York, Josiah H. Pomroy, Hermon; Albert C. Scribner, Hudson; Amos Page, Kenduskeag; William P. Chase, Andrew J. Gardiner, Sylvanus Hatch, Sylvanus B. Hatch, William F. Heath, Lincoln; Samuel Lamb, Lowell; Rufus G. Bickford, E. J. Hill, Elisha S. Piper, Enoch F. Piper, Newburg; George S. Daniels, William H. Stickney, Hazen E. McCauseland, Newport; John Boyle, Edward N. Leavitt, Edwin M. Stinson, James Smith, Oldtown; Charles A. Mudgett, Josiah C. Read, David Estis, Samuel S. Cain, Orono; Benjamin F. Shaw, John G. Kendall, Orrington; Orner Moga, Passadumkeag; David Blanchard, George H. Downes, Juan Millano, Albert .Murray, Allen D. Wood, Plymouth; George Drake, Springfield; Thomas J. Cunningham, Adon- iram J. Moore, Veazie; Amos C. Trott, Solomon S. Trott, Winn; Moses A. Debeck, John R. York, Clifton; Jacob A. Launder, Corinna; Nathan Chamberlain, Judson W. Dexter, George F. Hind, Corinth; Thomas Mithie, Dexter; J. H. Bickford, John H. Jewell, George Jew- ell, Albert J . Condam, George J. Craig, Albert D. Crocker, Prentiss M. Getchell, Samuel B. Stone, Ephraim D. Tasker, William H. Work Eben D. Work. FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Portland, June 24, 1 86 1, to Serve three years. Its first action was at Bull Run, and its subsequent service, wholly with the Army of the Potomac, was extremely arduous. Only 193 offi- cers and men to be mustered out July 27, 1864. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. First Lieutenant Andrew S. Lyon, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Junius W. Littlefield, Dexter. Corporal Junius W. Littlefield, Dexter. Corporal W. H. Huntoon, Orrington. Corporal William H. Savage, Plymouth. PRIVATES. Edward H. Feeney, Samuel W. Davis, David Vail, Albion; William Grant, Wyatt Grant, P. Wilmot, Bangor; Hezekiah Richardson, Brewer; George Cook, Oldtown; Lorenzo W. Starbird, Eddington; George F. True, Exeter; John Harper, Boswell C. Horlon, Dexter; John T. Abbott, Newburg; John McLaughlin, Springfield. SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Portland, Maine, July 15, 1861, to serve three years, and reached Wash- ington, District of Columbia, on the 19th. They were stationed at Chain Bridge on the Potomac until the 3d of September, when they crossed into Virginia and through the fall and winter occuj^ied Fort Griffin. On the 4th of April, 1862, the regiment joined in the move- ment against Yorktown, where on the 5th, 6th, and 7th, they were engaged in reconnoitring and had several skir- mishes with the enemy. At the battle of Lee's Mills on the 1 6th, they supported the artillery and were exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries. On the sth of May they took a prominent part in the battle of Wil- liamsburg. From the 9th of May to the 24th, the regi- ment was on the march up the Peninsula in the direc- tion of Richmond, encamping on that day near the Chickahominy, which they crossed on the 5th of June, and participated on the 27th in the engagement at Gar- net's Farm, in which their casualties were i man killed and 23 wounded. The next day they commenced the retrograde movement to the James River, taking a posi- tion on the heights beyond White Oak Bridge on the 30th, and engaged the enemy on the following day, losing 2 men wounded. They arrived at Harrison's Land- ing on the 2d of July, and there encamped until the i6th of August, when they were transported to Alexandria and arrived at Centreville just as the army had com- menced falling back from the battle-field of Groveton or Second Bull Run, where General Pope's forces had been defeated. On the ist of September they commenced the retreat towards Washington, and on the nth had a skirmish with the enemy at the foot of Sugar Loaf Moun- tain. At the battle of Antietam on the 17th, the regi- ment took a prominent part, and also participated in the battle of Fredericksburg on the 12th of December. Three days after they re-crossed the Rappahannock and encamped near Belle Plains, where they remained until February 2, 1863, when the regiment was assigned to the "Light Division" and moved to Potomac Creek, where it encamped and remained until April 28th. On the I St of May they crossed the Rappahannock River and bore an honorable part in the battle of Chancellors- ville on May 2d and 3d, their loss being 128 officers and men in killed and wounded. On the nth of May, the "Light Division" being broken up, the regiment was assigned to the Third brigade, First division. Sixth corps. On the 9th of June, they had a skirmish with the enemy at Kelley's Ford, after which they participated in the long and fatiguing marches of the Pennsylvania cam- paign, and were present at the battle of Gettysburg on July 2d and 3d, though not actively engaged with the enemy. On the 19th of October they participated in the charge and capture of the enemy's works at Rappa- hannock Station, losing in that engagement 16 officers and 123 enlisted men killed and wounded. On the 27th the regiment went to the support of the Third corps then engaged at Locust Grove, after which they returned to their former camp near Wilbur Ford, and there re- mained until May 4, 1864. Two days afterward they were engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, and on the Sth, in that of Spottsylvania, where they lost a few men. They also participated in the attack on the enemy's works on the right, losing 1 25 men in killed, wounded and missing. On the r2th, the regiment, num- bering only 70 men, was under fire eight hours, support- ing General Hancock's forces, and losing 16 officers and men killed and wounded. On the 14th of June the regiment started up the James River, arriving in front of Petersburg on the 20th. There they remained until the loth of July, when, their term of service having ex- pired, they were ordered to Maine for muster-out and discharge'. Arriving at Washington, District jof Colum- bia, on the 1 2th, they volunteered their services for thirty days in defence of the city, then threatened by the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 113 enemy, and marched to Fort Stevens. However, on the 13th they were relieved, and on the 17th left for Port- land, where they arrived on the 2 2d, and were mustered out and discharged from the United States service on the isth of August by Lieutenant I. H. Walker, Four- teenth United States Infantry. Previous to the depar- ture of the regiment from the field, about 238 re-enlisted men and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, were temporarily organized into a battalion, afterwards assigned to the First Regiment Infantry, Maine Veteran Volunteers. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Abner Knowles, Bangor. Adjutant William H. Coan, Dexter, Quartermaster Isaac Strickland, Bangor. Surgeon Eugene F. Sanger, Bangor. Assistant Surgeon Samuel B. Straw, Bangor. Sergeant-Major Percy Knowles, Bangor. Hospital Steward Charles A. McKister, Bangor. Drum Major Joseph Gatchell, Bangor. Band Leader Henry S. Morey, Bangor. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George Fuller, Co. H, Corinth. Captain Joseph .G. Roberts, Co. H, Corinth. Captain Albert G. Burton, Co. I, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Sewall C. Gray, Co. A, Exeter. First Lieutenant Henry R. Soper, Co. 1, Oldtown." First Lieutenant Lycurgus Smith, Co. I, Oldtown. First Lieutenant James M. Norris, Co. I, Milford. First Lieutenant Percival Knowles, Co. K , Bangor. Second Lieutenant George Fuller, Co. H, Corinth. Second Lieutenant George Roberts, Co. H, Corinth. Second Lieutenant William H. Coan, Co. H, Dexter. Second Lieutenant Daniel W. Freeze, Co. I, Orono. Second Lieutenant George H. Norton, Co. I, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant James M. Norris, Co. I, Milford. Second Lieutenant Percival Knowles, Co. K, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant James M. Norris, Milford. First Sergeant Andrew J. Whittier, Corinth. First Sergeant William H. Coan, Dexter. .Sergeant John J. Fogg, Bangor. Sergeant Alexander Stevens, Bangor. Sergeant Israel Hodsdon, Corinth. Sergeant Elisha Eddy, Corinth. Sergeant Charles F. Fitzgerald, Dexter. Sergeant Robert O. Otis, Dexter. Sergeant Albert F. Severance, Dexter. Sergeant Walter D. Jenness, Hermon. Sergeant Albert L. Jones, Holden. Sergeant Thomas Templeton, Milford. Sergeant Isaac Pratt, Oldtown. Sergeant Lycurgus Smith, Oldtown. Corporal John J. Fogg, Bangor. Corporal Alvin B. Judson, Bangor. Corporal Samuel M. Jack, Bangor. Corporal John W. Pettingill, Corinna. Corporal Elisha Eddy, Corinth. Corporal Nathaniel G. Hatch, Corinth. Corporal Daniel B. Herrick, Corinth. Corporal Israel Hodsdon, Corinth. Corporal Charles A. Whittier, Corinth. Corporal Hiram H. Burment, Dexter. Corporal Otis O. Roberts, Dexter. Corporal James D. Marsh, Dexter. Corporal Albert F. Severance, Dexter, Corporal Hiram F. Safford, Dexter. Corporal Thomas D. Sturdevant, Dexter. Corporal William Doe, Milford. Coiporal Thomas Templeton, Milford. Corporal George H. Morton, Oldtown. _ Corporal Isaac Pratt, Oldtown. Corporal Samuel J. Clark, jr. , Veazie. Corporal Albert L. Jones, Holden. Corporal George E. Beale, Hudson. Corporal Lindall H. Whittier, Kenduskeag. Corporal Elias M. Kitch, Lincoln. Corporal Sylvester F. Lyon, Lincoln. Corporal Amos P. McKenney, Lincoln. Corporal Luther G. Rogers, Lincoln. Corporal David C. Whitney, Lincoln. Musician Joseph F. Gretchell, Bangor. Musician Nathaniel R. Witham, Bangor. Musician Charles F. Tibbetts, Charleston. Wagoner James Boswell, Bangor. Wagoner Ivory Webbert, Bangor. Wagoner Albion K. Matthew, Lincoln. Wagoner Joseph Doe, Milford. PRIVATES. Hiram B. Bulger, Joseph Bulger, Moses Babcock, George W. Black- more, Michael Brennan, Alonzo Cilley, Clement M. Clark, Lemuel H. Darling, Azro W. David, Charles V. Dudley, Francis J. Dudley, Joseph W. Estabrook, Martin Feeney, John Glover, Edward A. Good- aid, George E. Harriman, George F. Holden, A. Jellison, Percival Knowles, James A. Lane, Thomas McCormick, Patrick McCristle, William H. Moore, Alonzo W. Moore, David E. Mills, Alden F. Ran- dall, Charles O., Randall, George W. Randall, Edward A. Richards, Dennis S. Roundy, James H. Roundy, William A. Sewall, Edward I Short, Benjamin F. Scribner, Isaiah B. Scribner, David Severance, -Frank Severance, Upton F. Smith, Wellington Sprague, James W, Sutherland, Charles B. Vickery, Turner Wade, William J. White, John J. Williams, George W. Yates, John Yates, Bangor; Albion K. P. Roberts, Bradford; Lewis A. Willett, Bradley; William A. Keene, Chester; Andrew' J, Tibbstts, Carmel; Edward Smith, Alonzo D. Mil- ler, Ambrose Page, Charleston; MelviriS. Jellison, Chfton; Aaron Frost, Frank W. Titcomb, James C. Lander, Russell F. Parkman, Samuel Weeks, William Weeks, Corinna; Sumner S. Bean, Lucius H. Bond, Charles W. Bradley, Orrin G.- Davis (Band), Chester Dexter, Henry C. Heald, William H. Herrick, Jerome Hyde, C. S. Patterson, George Robinson, Charles F. Tibbets, George D. Strout, Corinth; Israel P. Bates, John H. Bean, Daniel H. Campbell, William Craw- ford, Charles Dyer, Edward J. Sturtevant, Charles G. Flanders, Oliver Fuller, George F. Gould, James P. Lovejoy, Sylvanus P. Lowell, Alonzo R. Merrill, Harrison S. Norton, Charles F. Fisher, Edmund R. Phillips, William F. Royal, Lorenzo Russell, John Russell, William A. Sewall, Milton R. Sampson, Dexter; Leonard Peabody, Dixmont; James McKinney, Enfield; Edwin S. Libby, Ira B. Tibbetts, Exeter; Alonzo Batchelder, George W. Hatch, Fifield Lyford, Alvin K. Os- good, Wesley Osgood, Charles C. Titcomb , Garland ; George Emer- son, Alden Kennedy, Greenbush; John M. Rice, Lyman F. Rice, Hampden; Isaac R. Waterbury, Howland; Chester J. Lancaster, Charles B. Mitchell, Stillinan W. Strout, Hudson; Charles E. Atwood, George W. Mills, Harry F. Mills, James McCorrison, F. A. H. Stack- pole, Kenduskeag; Calvin M. Carey, William Emery, Lagrange; Mathew Green, George W. House, Henry Q. Morton, Lee; Thomas L. Hall, Joseph O. Turner, William W. Webster, Lincoln; Charles V. Dudley, Lowell; Hannibal H. Coomby, Mattawamkeag; Thomas W. Chick, Thomas Carrington, Joseph W. Riggs, Green C. Spencer, Milford; Aaron Crawford, Martin V. Eldridge, George W. Knight, Samuel Staples, Newburgh; Cyrus P. Brown, Newport; George J. Barritt, Phineas F. Bean, Joseph C. Blackman, Desire Cornean, Ly- man E. Grossman, Daniel Davis, Eliphalet W. Davis, Albert N. Eaton, John W. Eaton, Samuel P'ish, Oliver Graffam, Hezekiah B Harris, Hezekiah F. Harris, Oscar E. W. Hinkley, Charles A. Hughes, Alexander M.H unt, Wayland F. Jacob, Charles W. Johnson, David B. Kieth, Joseph L. Kieth, James C. Knox, Edmund Leard, Benja- min C. Lisherness, Washington R. Mack, Andrew J. Miles, David C. Myrick, Andrew Oakes, Benjamin F. Pratt, Isaac Powell, Zenas D. Putnam, William F. Sibley, Thomas P. Smith, James B. Soper, Lean- der C. Stitson, Oldtown; John F. Freeman, Eseck Kelley, Timothy Wetherby, Orono; Charles H. Cobb, Orrington; Mark C. Jenness, Passadumkeag; Benjamin F. Goodwin, AsaG. Wiggins, Stetson; New- man A. Davis, Samuel N. Emery, Wallace Sweet, Veazie; Harmon S. George, Edwin Grunza, Charles Nickerson, Holden. SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, August 21, i86r, to serve three years, and left for Baltimore, Mary- 114 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. land, on the 23d, where they encamped and remained until the 25th of October. On that day they moved to Washington, crossed the Potomac into Virginia on the 8th of November, and were occupied in drill, camp and picket duty, until the 4th of April, 1862, when they joined in the advance toward Richmond. They were under the fire of Fort Lee on Warwick Creek on the 5th, and after- wards participated in the siege of Yorktown, holding a position near Dam No. 3, until the evacuation of the place by the enemy. On the 5th of May they bore an honorable part in the battle of Williamsburg. On the evening of the 9th they moved to the Peninsula towards Richmond, participating in the engagement at Mechan- icsville on the 24th, and immmediacely after the battle of Fair Oaks moved to the left bank of the Chickahominy, to Golding's farm, where they remained during the month of June, almost daily engaged with the enemy. On the 27th the army commenced to change its base of operations, during which the regiment participated in the battles of Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, and Malvern Hill, after which they remained at Harrison's Landing, build- ing fortifications until the 13th of August, when they em- barked for Alexandria, and from thence proceeded to Bull Run, but did not participate in the battle which commenced on that day. The next day they joined General Pope's forces at Centreville and retreated with them to Washington. On the 7th of September they joined in the Maryland campaign, participated, in the engagement at South Mountain on the 14th, and bore an honorable part in the battle of Antietam on the 17th, losing in killed, wounded and missing, 11 officers and 100 enlisted men, out of 15 officers arid 166 enlisted men present. The strength of the regiment had, by this time, become so much reduced that it was too small for effect- ive field duty, and it was sent to Maine in October to recruit. The regiment encamped at Portland, where they remained until January 21, 1863, engaged in filling up their diminished ranks. On this day a battalion of five companies, which had been filled by consolidation, left Portland for the field, and on the 25th they rejoined their old command, Third Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps, at White Oak Church, Virginia, where they re- mained encamped until April 28th, when they moved to the heights opposite Fredericksburg, and on May 2d formed a part of the storming party which carried the en- emy's works on Cemetery and St. Mary's Heights. They were also engaged with the enemy on the 4th near Chan- cellorsville, where a desperate battle had been fought the day before. Their casualties in those engagements were in killed, wounded and missing, 4 officers and 88 enlisted men. They participated in the Pennsylvania campaign, and were present at Gettysburg on the 2d and 3d of July, after which they joined in pursuit of the enemy; had an engagement with Stuart's cavalry at Gainesville, Virginia, on the 19th of October, and participated in the action at Rappahannock Station, November 7th. On the 27th they were in line of battle until 10 p. m., supporting a portion of the Third Corps in the action at Locust Grove, and advanced to Mine Run on the 28th, where, during the three succeeding days, they were in front and con- stantly engaged with the enemy's outposts. They re- turned and encamped at Brandy Station on the 3d of December, and there remained until May 4, 1864, when they crossed the Rapidan and engaged in the battle of the Wilderness on the 5th and sixth; also at Spottsyl- vania on the loth, 12th and 18th, on which' day they suffered severely, having 42 men killed. On the 1st of June they reached Gold Harbor, where, on the 2d, they charged on and carried the enemy's fortifications, which they held until the 13th, and then marched towards Petersburg, where they arrived on the 17th, and partici- pated in the attacks on the Weldon railroad on the 24th and 30th. On the nth of July the regiment debarked at Washington, and on the 12th was engaged in the de- fences of the city, and assisted in the defeat of the ene- my in its nearest approach to the capital. On the 13th they marched up the Potomac and through Snicker's Gap to the Shenandoah, returning to Washington on the 23d. On the 26th, they again started up the Potomac, crossing at Harper's Ferry on the 29th, and marched to the vicinity of Charlestown, where they remained until August 2ist, 1864, when their original term of service having expired, the re-enlisted men and recruits were consolidated with the battalions of the Fifth and Sixth regiments, retaining the designation of the Seventh regi- ment until October, when it was changed to the First Veteran Volunteers. The officers and men whose terms of service expired August 21, 1864, returned to Maine, where they were mustered out and discharged from the United States service September 5 th, at Augusta, by Cap- tain C. Holmes, United States Army. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William Crosby, Bangor. Co. A. Captain Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor, Co.'C. Captain George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. D. Captain George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. F. Captain Henry Warren, Bangor, Co. G. Captain Edward H. Cass, Bangor, Co. H. Captain Henry C. Snow, Hampden, Co. H. First Lieutenant John A. Bachelder, Oldtown, Co. C. First Lieutenant Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. C. First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Bicknell, Bangor, Co. C First Lieutenant George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. E. First Lieutenant Samuel S. Mann, Bangor, Co. E. First Lieutenant Henry W. Farrar, Bangor, Co. F. First Lieutenant John A. Bachelder, Oldtown, Co. G. First Lieutenant Thomas S. Gates, Bangor, Co. H. First Lieutenant Henry Warren, Bangor, Co. H. First Lieutenant Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. K. First Lieutenant William Crosby, Bangor, Co. K. Second Lieutenant William Crosby, Bangor, Co. B. Second Lieutenant Albert P. Titcomb, Lincoln, Co. C. Second Lieutenant Charles Lowell, Oldtown, Co. C. Second Lieutenant George H. Buker, Bangor, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Samuel S. Mann, Bangor, Co. E. Second Lieutenant Samuel S. Mann, Bangor, Co. F. Second Lieutenant William Crosby, Bangor, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Henry C. Snow, Hampden, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Luther C. Fairfield, Bangor, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Henry W. Farrar, Bangor, Co. K. Second Lieutenant George R. Coney, Oldtown, Co. K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Henry H. Warren, Bangor. First Sergeant Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown. Sergeant William H. Pitcher. Sergeant William Crosby, Bangor. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 113 Sergeant Luther C. Fairfield, Bangor. Sergeant Frank B. Holden, Bangor. Sergeant Samuel S. Mann, Bangor. Sergeant Charles E. Robinson, Bangor. Sergeant Martin V. B. Hutchins, Brewer. Sergeant Ira F. Stinchfield, Lincoln. Sergeant ^ohn F. Tobin, Lincoln. Sergeant Charles Lowell, Oldtown. Sergeant Eli McLaughlin, Oldtown. Sergeant Warren T. Ring, Oldtown. Corporal George M. Baker, Bangor. Corporal Benjamin Gates, Bangor. Corporal Charles H. Pierce, Bangor. Corporal Franklin Whittier, Bangor. ' Corporal David Thompson, Bradley. Corporal Martin V. B. Hutchins , Brewer. Corporal Albion A. Messer, Enfield. Corporal George B. McKenney, Enfield. Corporal Josiah Smith , Garland. Corporal Albion Hardy, Hampden. Corporal Lewis B. Hardy, Hampden. Corporal William E. Larrabee, Hampden. Corporal Jesse Blake, Holden. Corporal Sanford Bruce, Lincoln. Corporal Wyman B. Roberts, Lincoln. Corporal Ira F. Stinchfield, Lincoln. Corporal Warren A. McPhetres, Lowell. Corporal Moses W. McKay, Oldtown. Corporal Francis Laing, Passadumkeag. Corporal Joseph Loring, Passadumkeag. Corporal Hadley Fairfield, Patten. Corporal Samuel L. Kimball, Patten. Corporal Harmon S. Allen, Winn. Wagoner Benjamin F. Brichnell, Bangor. Wagoner Isaiah Allen, Lincoln. Wagoner William Kennedy, Oldtown. Musician William A. Taylor, Burlington. Musician Rueul D. Wooster, Harmon. Musician Benjamin W. Mitchell. Oldtown. Musician I. T. Stewart, Oldtown. Peter Ames, Joshua A. Barker, John H. Brown, William P. Burgess, George R. Boyer, Henry Cowan, Henry A. Cole, William E. Chap- man, John Conway, Sumner H. Condon, Richard Davis, William H. Evans, Pat Earley, Henry W. Farrar, Pat McGowan, Thomas Malo- ney, John S. McLure, Michael McLaughlin, |ames H. Hasey, John Isham, John Kinney, Timothy Linnell, William Chann, John S. Mc- Luer, DeWitt C. Morrill, Edwin E. Small, George A. Stetson, Alfred Townsend, Edward Sargent, Ira Webber, Frank W. Whittier, Martin W. Tower, Bangor; Melville Marshall, Bradford; Edwin Jordan, Reuel N. Morris, Daniel D. Perkins, Colby Smith, Bradley; Samuel E. Coombs, Jesse Blake, Brewer; Albert F. Gates, Duncan McMullen, Sheldon R. Sibley, Burlington; Moses Palmer, John McGraw, Carroll; Elisha C. Debeck, Charles H. Eddy, Clifton; Nathan M. Cooley, Co- rinna; Hibbard C. Leeman, Ira Linnell, John Roncon, George L. Buswell, Joseph R. Bawn, Frank J. White, Dexter; George E. Bragg, Franklin Condon, Robert H. Morse, Dixmont; Silas R. Rowell, Walter Gilger, Moses Giles, William C. Mann, Henry C. Hold, Orlando I. Rowe, Eddington; Charles N. Farnham, Edinburg; Albert T. Curtiss, Warren Gray, A. J. McKenney, James Towle, Enfield; Alvah B. Doble, Etna; Franklin Young, Exeter; John M. Garry, Luke Grover, John T. Smith, Garland; Alfred Cressey, Moses Giles, Greenlief B. Staples, Daniel M. Worcester, Charles Worcester, Glenburn; Daniel Floyd, Dennis Hartford, Llewellyn Pollard, Charles Snow, Hampden; Newell Pomeroy, Solomon Holt, jr., Fred G. Thompson, John Thompson, Hermon; Joseph M. Blake, Holden; Joseph W. Ridley, Rufus K. Stebens, Hudson; James A. Thomas, Lee; David M. Knowlton, John P. Trask, Levant; Stephen Balf, Roscoe Doble, John Flemming, Au- gustine Gates, Andrew J. Hatch, Thomas S. Libbey, John M. Lindsay, Orrin Lombard, Johnston Lyon, Joseph Lyon, Benjamin F. Potter, Luther I. Turner, Adrian E. Turner, Alvin E. True, Osmund Warren, Samuel B. Bridges, Benjamin F. Davis, Peltiah B. Davis, Andrew Dunifer, Michael H. Smith, Lincoln; Heniy C. White, Lowell; Frank O'Brian, Mattawamkeag; William H. Coolbath, Mattamiscontis; Wil- lis S. N. Lancaster, Maxfield; John Hanscom, James Shorey, Milford; Levi W. Chadwick, Elbridge G. Kelley, Edwin Smith, Newburg; Eben Dinsmore, Henry Davis, Levi L. Davis, Newport; Stilson E. Sibley, Leonard Milan, No. i Plantation; Felix Betters, James Carney, George Cole, Thomas Dougherty, Charles H. Dougherty, Folsom Dutton, Edward Felix, Thomas Fish, Calvin Gillisson, Oliver Hall, William W. Harris, George Kinsell, Octavius Liscott, Annis Morrill, Joseph Moreau, Joseph Neddo, Shepard Parmer, Alonzo Patten, Edward Pelkey, George W. Rines, Madison C. Rowe, Vander Sawyer, Jacob Weymouth, Henry M. Curtis, George R. Coney, Abraham Grover, Wayland F. Jacobs, Calvin Leavitt, Sebatis Mohawk, J. W. Neddo, Benjamin Oakes, Thomas P. Smith, John I. Seaton, Jqjm Tashoe, Oldtown; Ephraim K. Bartlett, Jesse Bartlett, Jedediah Hans- comb, George Lessor, Augustus O. Whitmore, Daniel W. Freeze, Eben Densmore, Joseph C. Kelley, John Lisbon, Orono; James Dol- loff, James Haynes, Luther Haynes, Royall Nash, Charles Grumm, Aaron Haynes, jr., Passadumkeag; Timothy J'owler, Andrew Kim- ball, Charles H. Noyes, Uriah F. Palmer, Thomas B. Powers, Russell Royall, Moses Palmer, jr., Robert Vance, Patten; Henry Wiley, Plymouth; Chandler Pike, William W. Plummer (band), William C. Stickney, Springfield; George W. Fogg, G. W. Hodgkins, Stetson; Jacob Holmes, Swanville; Nelson S. Fales, Thomaston; Charles Knowles, Edward Myrick, George E. Tilden, Troy; Henry O. Giles, Veazie; David B. Grassey, Edward Reynolds, Winn; James Pond, jr., Woodville. EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, Sep- tember 7, 1861, to serve three years, and left September loth for Hempstead, Long Island, New York, and sub- sequently for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where they formed a part of General Sherman's expedition to Port Royal, South Carolina, which sailed October 29th. On the 8th of November, they landed at Hilton Head, where for several months they were engaged in throwing up breastworks, building fortifications, etc. On the ist of May, 1862, they moved to Tybee Island and took a prominent part in the attack and capture of Fort Pu- laski, large detachments of the regiment having been detailed to man several batteries engaged in the bom- bardment of the fort. From Tybee Island they returned to Hilton Head, and from that time until the spring of 1863 were employed for the most part in 'doing guard duty at that place and at Beaufort, South Carolina. On the 19th of March, 1863, they were ordered to Jackson- ville, Florida, which they occupied after a spirited en- gagement with the enemy. On the 25th they made a reconnoissance on the line of the railroad toward Bald- win, engaged the enemy, and lost 2 men killed and I severely wounded. On the 29th they were ordered back to Beaufort, to make preparations to participate in the contemplated attack on Charleston, and embarked on the 3d of April for Stone River, where they lay on board transports during the bombardment of Fort Sum- ter on the 7th, after which they returned to Beaufort, ar- riving on the 1 2th. Subsequently they were again or- dered to Charleston and embarked to proceed thither, but went no farther than Hilton Head, where they remained until the 14th of November, then returned to Beaufort and there remained until the 2d of March, 1864. On that day, 16 officers and 330 enlisted men, who had re-enlisted for an additional term of three years, were granted a furlough for thirty-five days, and jjro- ceeded to Maine. The remainder of the regiment con- tinued at Beaufort until April 13th, when they were trans- ferred to the Department of Virginia, arriving at Glouces- ter Point on the 16th, and assigned to the Tenth Army Corps. On the 26th the veterans rejoined the regiment, 114 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. and on the 4th of May they moved to Bermuda Hun- dred, where they took part in all the active operations of the Army of the James. On the i6th they participated in the engagement at Drury's Bluff, losing 3 men killed, 64 wounded, and 29 taken prisoners. On the 27th they proceeded to White House Landing, thence on the 31st to Cold Harbor, in the meantime having been perma- nently assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Army Corps. On the morning of June 3d, they participated in the assault on the enemy's lines at Cold Harbor, losing during the day 10 men killed, 53 wounded, and 16 taken prisoners. On the 12th they moved to White House Landing, and from thence to Petersburg where on the isth, i6th, and 17th, they were engaged with the enemy. On the i8th, they made a successful attack and carried a portion of the enemy's line, losing 11 men killed and 39 wounded. From this time until the 25th of August they remained in the trenches in front of Petersburg, under continual fire and engaged in very exhausting duties. On that day they moved to the opposite side of the Appomattox, goihg into the works before Bermuda Hundred. On the night of the 28th of September, they crossed to the north side of the James River with the Eighteenth and Tenth corps, and were engaged in the assault successfully made the next morning on the enemy's works, near Chapin's Farm. On the 27th of October, they participated in the unsuccessful assault on the enemy's lines near the old battle-field of Fair Oaks, where they lost heavily. On the next day they returned to the trenches near Chapin's farm. On the 5 th of December, upon the re-organiza- tion of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, they were assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Twenty- fourth Corps, and moved near Deep Bottom, taking po- sition in the fort at Spring Hill. On the loth of Decem- ber, they lost 5 men killed and 6 wounded, in the reconnoissance made by the enemy on the right of the Union lines in the vicinity of Spring Hill. They re- mained near Spring Hill until the 27th of March, 1865. On that day the regiment proceeded towards Hatcher's Run, where they arrived the next day and remained do- ing picket duty until the 2d of April, when they partici- pated in the assault and capture of Forts Gregg and Baldwin, and on the 3d proceeded towards Burksville, which place they reached on the sth. On the 6th they bore an honorable part in the engagement at Rice's Sta- tion, and on the 9th in that at Appomattox Court House. After the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox Court House, they, with the rest of the troops of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, proceeded to Richmond, Vir- ginia, where they remained encamped until August. At that time they were ordered to Manchester, and there remained until November, when they were ordered to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, at which place they remained until the i8th of January, 1866, when the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Lieutenant M. Harper, Assistant Commissary of Musters, and pro- ceeded to Augusta, where the men were paid and finally discharged. FIELD AND STAFF. Lieutenant Colonel |oseph F. Twitchell, Patten. Major Joseph F. Twitchell, Patten. Adjutant Spencer W. Young, Patten. Quartermaster Stetson Sidelinger, Bangor. Surgeon Paul M. Fisher, Corinna. Assistant Surgeon William R. Benson, Bangor. Chaplain Henry C. Henries, Lincoln. Chaplain J. E. M. Wright, Camden. Commissary Sergeant Stetson SideUnger, Bangor. Hospital Steward Alfred Walton, Alton. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joseph F. Twitchell,' Patten. Captain America Walton, Patten. Captain John Conant, Bangor. Captain Henry Brawn, Oldtown. Captain Hillman Smith, Bradley. Captain Hiram N. Parker, Glenburn. First Lieutenant Luther B. Rodgers, Patten. First Lieutenant America Walton, Patten. First Lieutenant Franklin E. Gray, Plymouth. First Lieutenant George Capers, Exeter. First Lieutenant Samuel Gould, jr.,. Dexter. First Lieutenant Horatio B. Sawyer, Bradley. First Lieutenant Henry Brawn, 01dto>vn. First Lieutenant Hillman Smith, Bradley. First Lieutenant John McCowan, Lagrange. First Lieutenant John L. Taylor, Hampden. First Lieutenant George A. Baldwin, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Luther B. Rodgers , Patten. Second Lieutenant Lorenzo Warren, Patten. Second Lieutenant America Walton, Patten. Second Lieutenant Spencer W. Young, Patten. Second Lieutenant George Capers, Exeter. Second Lieutenant Samuel Gould, jr.. Dexter. Second Lieutenant Walton H. Hill, Exeter. Second Lieutenant Hillman Smith, Bradley. Seco.nd Lieutenant John McCowan, Lagrange. Second Lieutenant John L. Taylor, Hampden. Second Lieutenant Hiram N. Parker, Glenburn. Second Lieutenant Horatio B. Sawyer, Bradley. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Howard Collins, Bradley. Sergeant Thomas W. Berry, Bangor. Sergeant Nathaniel Wentworth, Bangor. Sergeant Lucius W. Elliott, Bradford. Sergeant George A Baldwin, Bradley. Sergeant Horatio B. Sawyer, Bradley. Sergeant Samuel Gould, jr.. Dexter. Sergeant George Capers, Exeter. Sergeant W. H. Hill, Exeter. Sergeant Hiram M. Parker, Glenburn. Sergeant Stephen Danforth, 2d, Lagrange. Sergeant Orlelus Stevens, Lagrange. Sergeant Daniel W. Ingersoll, Lincoln. Sergeant Ephraim P. White, Lowell. Sergeant Fernando Jellison, Milford. Sergeant Newell J . Givens, Newport. Sergeant Charles E. Parker, Newport. Sergeant John B. Philbrook, Newport. Sergeant George A. Baldwin, Oldtown. Sergeant Americus Walton, Patten. Corporal Moses French, Bangor. Corporal John Sample, Bangor. Corporal Ernest Ellsworth, Bangor. Corporal George Wheeler, Bangor. Corporal Philip H. Wall, Bangor. Corporal Edward M. Stover, Bradford. Corporal George A. Baldwin, Bradley. Corporal Timothy Crockett, Carmel. Corporal Lewis F. Leighton, Corinna. Corporal John C. Weeks, Corinna. Corporal Charles H. Mann, Enfield. Corporal George Capers, Exeter. Corporal Walter H. Hill, Exeter. Corporal Hiram N. Parker, Glenburn. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. IIS Corporal William H. Folsom, Greenbush. Corporal John L. Tyler, Hampden. Corporal Daniel R. Boobier, Lagrange. Corporal Benjamin P. Hinckley, Lagrange. Corporal Leonard Keliher, Lagrange. Corporal J onathan Knowles, Lagrange. Corporal Almond L. Sanborn, Lagrange. Corporal Erastus Noble, Lincoln. Corporal John T. Shaw, Lincoln. Corporal James Sawyer, Oldtown. Corporal John C. Bachelder, Passadumkeag. Corporal Amza Grant, Patten. Corporal Abraham Walton, Patten. Corporal Walker G. Harriman, Patten. Musician Almond L. Sanborn , Lagrange. Musician Samuel C. Clark, Oldtown. Musician William Partridge, Oldtown. Wagoner Josiah Decker, jr., Lagrange. PRIVATES. William H. Smith, John E. Merrill, A. G. Walton, William H. Norcross, Alton ; Thomas D. Brown, Samuel P. Danforth, Malcom McDonald, Argyle; Thomas Burk, Patrick Carlton, William Caswell, Augustus Conant, James Curley, John A. Farnham, Jackson Hall, Joseph A. McClure, Abijah A. Roberts, J. Sanborn, Rodney C. Stet- son, Alanson C. Thomas, John Thornton, Joseph Adams, Eugene S. Chamberlain, William Dugans, John Delien, Charles E. Dunning, George Kieth, William W. Reed, Charles Ellison, Albert N. Marsh, Alfred B. Merrick, John W. Melton, Ebenezer Smith, Nelson Wilt- shire, Lewis Wentwoith, William R. Fish, Leander H. Evans, Amos P. McKenney, Owen Monaghan, Jere Readson, John T. Webb, Leander Doyle, George N. Foster, Henry R. Nickerson, Bangor ; Benjamin F. Brookiils, William P. Emerson, George N. Huston, Albert F. Dearborn, Andrew G. Storer Bradford; Frank Mishon, Alvah A. Clewly, Solomon Cormiera, Edward F. Collins, George W. Collins, Thomas Violet, Bradley ; John S. Clapham, George McLaugh- lin, Carmel ; Joshua M. Page, Levi B. Speed, Jared Hyde, Thomas Tarin, Henry McCoy, Charleston ; Daniel D. Shaw, John T. Shaw, Richard H. Shaw, Chester; William S. Given, Corinna; Stillman Guppy, Henry G. Prescott, Corinth ; John H. Briggs, Dennis Thomp- son, Edwin C. Copeland, Dexter; Granville B. Bean, George L. Crocker, William L. Howes, Dixmont ; Alfred Haskell, William Forbes, Enfield; James H. Emerson, Joseph Turner, Etna; Sylvanus C. Andrews, Edwin Blanchard, James Osgood, Allen P. Walker, Charles F. Atkins, Chandler Eastman, Exeter; James Penderton, Nathan Larabee, Glenburn ; John H. Avery, Simeon Pratt, Hezekiah Richardson, George W. Riggs, Columbus D. Tasker, Cornelius Flynn, Greenbush; Israel L. Hogan, Peter W. Witham; Alonzo C. Hersey. John H. Small, Greenfield ; Stetson Sidelinger, George W. Young, John L. Bean, Edward C. Betts, Hampden ; Samuel Sidelinger, War- ren Hall, Albert T. Webber, Otis Whitmore, Hermon ; Ephriam S, Bailey, H olden; Leonard P. Mann, Horatio B. Sawyer, Hudson; Nathaniel Henderson, jr., Kenduskeag; Jeremiah Bean, Jeremiah Boobier, Charles Bobden, William R. Bryant, Alvin L. Cary, Retire Freeze, Samuel Lamphire, Charles H. Littleheld, Samuel H. Murphy, William Sanborn, Luther W. Spering, Edward Spring, Lagrange; John Brinnin, Charles H. Burke, Lee ; Hiram B. Morrey, Levant ; Ami Kimball, Adolphus Perry, Addison G. Osborne, Lincoln ; Tobias Lord, Albert L. Mclntire, Lowell ; Charles Myrick, Mattawamkeag ; Stephen Inman, David Willctt, John H. Jackson, Milford ; Charles O. Gerald, Milton Smith, Joshua S. Otis, Newburg; David L. Boyle, Tobias A. Fernald, Daniel Litchfield, Allen P. McLure, Rodolphus Mills, Benjamin F. Smith, Warren C. Tibbetts, William F. Wheeler, Newport ; James Early, No. 2, Range 6; James H. Clark, William Commier, Moses Grant, David Knox, Isaac Moores, George Richard- son, Alpheus Spaulding; John A. Spaulding, William Spaulding, Charles Willett, Moses C. French, Boardman Davis, Alfred C. Rigby, Albert S. Russ, Alfred R. Varney, Orrin L. Richardson, Orrin P. Richardson, Andrew Cakes, Oldtown; Sylvanus Bragdon, Benjamin King, Orono ; Joshua E. Blackwell, Lewis Clement, jr., John Fitz- patrick, Peter Gemo, Joseph C. Hill, Daniel S. Legrow, Erastus Le- grow, Samuel D. Legrow, James E. Parker, Francis Scribner, Martin B. Shaw, Robert Smart, Jethro H. Sweet, John Troop, Joseph E. Clark, Lyman P. DoUoff, Charles B. Heald, William Hackett, Jonathan A. Perry, Henry A. Ricker, Barzilla H. Ricker, WiUiam H, Scribner, Daniel W. Sawtelle, Patten ; Awando H. Mitchell, Stacyville ; Levi M. Scribner, Charles R. Johnson, Springfield ; Orren Brand, Veazie. NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, September 22, 1861, to serve three years; left September 24th, and arrived at Fortress Monroe, where they formed a portion of General Sherman's expedition for the capture of Port Royal, South Carolina. November 8th the regiment land- ed at Hilton Head. February 7th, 1862, went to Warsaw Island, and on the 21st joined the expedition which cap- tured Fernandina, Florida. Remained at Fernandina until January 17th, 1863, when they returned to Hilton Head, South Carolina, where they did outpost duty until June 24th; then moved to St. Helena Island. On the 4th of July they went to Folly Island, and on the loth landed on Morris Island, charged and carried the enemy's rifle-pits in front of their works. On the nth they joined in the attack on Fort Wagner, and only fell back when left alone by the other regiments and ordered to retreat. They also formed a part of-the assaulting column in the attacks of the i8th of July and on the 6th of Sep- tember. Their casualties in the several assaults on Fort Wagner were over 300 men in killed, wounded, and missing. On the 30th of October they moved to Black Island, and remained there until February 10, 1864; in the meanwhile 416 of the original members re-enlisted for an additional term of three years. On that day they returned to Morris Island, when the re-enlisted men were granted a furlough of thirty days, and proceeded to Maine; the remainder of the regiment continuing there until the 18th of April, when they proceeded to Gloucester Point, Virginia, arriving on the 2 2d, and where the re-enlisted men rejoined the regiment on the 28th. On the 4th of May they sailed up the James River, disembarking at Bermuda Landing on the 5th. On the 7th they engaged the enemy at Walthall Junction. On the 17th they engaged the enemy at Drury's Bluff. On the 20th they again engaged the enemy at Bermuda Hundred, losing 9 killed, 39 wounded, and 4 missing. On the istof June they participated in the assault on the enemy's works at Cold Harbor, losing in the engage- ment 10 killed, 49 wounded, and 12 missing. On the 23d of June they arrived in front of Petersburg, and on the 30th engaged the enemy, losing 10 killed and 39 wounded; also, on July 30th, losing 7 killed, 34 wounded, and 5 missing. On the i6th and i8th of August they engaged the enemy at Deep Bottom, losing in the en- gagement 8 killed, 38 wounded, and 10 missing. They returned to Petersburg on the 20th, and there remained on duty in the trenches until September 28th. In the meantime, on September 21st, the original members, numbering 158 men, who did not re-enlist, lett the regi- ment for Maine, where they were mustered out and dis- charged the United States service, their term having expired. On the 29th of September the regiment, numbering 19s enlisted men and 6 officers present, formed a part of the forces which made the assault on Fort Gilmore, and remained doing duty in the trenches at Chapin's Farm until the 26th of October. On the 27th they engaged the enemy at Derbytown Road; casualties 7 killed, 38 ii6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. wounded, 3 missing. After further service at Fort Fisher, Wilmington, and other points in North Carolina, the regiment was mustered out at Raleigh, July 13, 1865, and returned to Augusta for payment and discharge. FIELD AND STAFF. Surgeon Alden D. Palmer. Orono. Surgeon Delon H. Abbott, Orono. Assistant Surgeon Delon H. Abbott, Orono. ' Sergeant Major Dutsin P. Dority, Bangor. Sergeant Major David O. Hoyt, Passadumkeag. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George W. Brown, Co. C, Newport. Captain Benjamin J. Hill, Co. D, Stetson. Ceptain George W. Cummings, Co. I, Bangor. Captain Scollay D. Baker, Co. I, Bangor. Captain Billings Brastow, Co. I, Brewer. Captain Samuel S. Mann, Co. K, Bangor. First Lieutenant Elton W. Ware, Co. F, Orrington. First Lieutenant Benjamin J. Hill, Co. H, Stetson. First Lieutenant Scollay D. Baker, Co. I, Bangor. First Lieutenant Billings Brastow, Co. 1, Brewer. First Lieutenant Dustin P. Dority, Co. I, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Dustin P. Dority, Co. B, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Billings Brastow, Co. I, Brewer. Second Lieutenant Elton W. Ware, Co. I, Orrington. , Second Lieutenant Edwin T. Clifford, Co. I, Hermon. Second Lieutenant George W. Brown, Co. K, Newport. Second Lieutenant Benjamin J. Hill, Co. K, Stetson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Thomas S. Shepard, Bangor. First Sergeant Richard Webster, Bangor. Sergeant Charles E. Smith, Bangor. Sergeant Forest R. Higgins, Bangor. Sergeant Dustin P. Dority, Bangor. Sergeant Warren E. Jordan, Bradford. Sergeant Levi J. Morrill, Brewer. Sergeant George H. Mower, Corinna. Sergeant Hiram T. Bickford, Dixmont. Sergeant Edwin T. Clifford, Hermon. Sergeant George W. Brown, Newport. Sergeant John Daugherty, Passadumkeag. Sergeant David O. Hoyt, Passadumkeag. Sergeant Benjamin j. Hill, Stetson. Sergeent Thomas Kent, Veazie. Sergeant John W. Shaw, Veazie. Corporal James W. Bowman, Bangor. Corporal John D. Fitzpatrick, Bangor. Corporal William S. Frazier, Bangor. Corporal William H. Moody, Bangor. Corporal Joseph D. Norcross, Bangor. Corporal Elijah S. Pierce, Bangor. Corporal Albert R. Lord, Bangor. Corporal Warren E. Jordan, Bradford, Corporal Edwin R. Wadleigh , Brewer. Corporal Francis H. McLaughlin, Carmel. Corporal WinslowJ. Gordon, Dexter. Corporal Harrison W. Mower, Dexter. Corporal Ariel R. Prescott, Dexter. Corporal Jackson W. Clark, Glenburn. Corporal Clark J. Hammond, Hermon. Corporal Oscar M. Whiting, Newport. Corporal William W. Lunt, Orono. Corporal Patrick Linch, Orono. Corporal Frank E. Pond, Orrington. Corporal William Daugherty, Passadumkeag. Corporal Gustavus H. Dinsmore, Stetson. Corporal Benjamin J. Hill, Stetson. Corporal Oliver H. McKenny, Stetson. Musician Albert A. Adams, Hampden. Wagoner Charles D. Staples, Bangor. Wagoner DeWitt, C. Heald, Newport. Wagoner John Cunningham, Stetson. PRIVATES. Moses H. Judkins, Daniel B. Shaw, Alton; Wesley C. Adams, Ed- ward Bowman, John W. Barker, EliBusha, Henry M. Bennett, Hiram F. Bell, James Moran, Joseph Duke, George H. Fuller, William Q. French, Edmund Gerrill, Thomas Hogan, Paul Page, Mark P. Nor- ton, Charles Smith, Silas H. Whitehouse,- Ira Martin, Leander B. Mitchell, Stephen J. Thomas, George M. .^very Oscar F. Chase, Williard G. Cleaves, William V. Cummings, Hugh H. Cameron, John B. Fitzpatrick, Lagassy Tuffile, Cyrus McKenney, Daniel Murry, David Pelkie, Joseph Winslow, Peter Walsh, Thomas Belcher, Harvey H. Chamberlain, Michael Collins, Horace B. Davis, Henry W. DrinJt- water, Edwin M. Davy, John F. Inman, Thomas W. Kelley, Hiram D. Odlin, Alfred L. Townsend, Owen Lynch, John Downing, George W. Furbush, Benjamin Hurd, John W. Keene, jr., C. Lander, Dennis Mahana, William Montgomery, William B. Salmon, Orrin Scribner, John F. Stevens, Bangor; Elias G. Blake, John T. Blake, Nathaniel Blake, Lemuel H. Mayo, John Rankins, Brewer; A. Crockett, George C. Fogg, David Perry, Llewellyn Smith, Josiah Ward, Carmel; David J. Morrison, Carroll; Edward Willard, Joseph Ellis, George W. Thomas. Benson K. Geaton, George A. Naf- ton, Alonzo F. Kimball, Charleston; George B. Fisher, Charles S. Stone, Henry F. Weymouth, John D. Young, Roscoe V. H. Knowles, George W. Knights, Irving M. Barker, Christopher C. Knowles, George H. Mower, Samuel Libby, Jonathan Libby, Leonard B. Dear- born, Charles Elder, Charles E. Thompson, Orrin Winchester, Stephen Bray, James W. Brown, Stephen S. Burrill, Daniel W. Osgood, Thos. McMann, Otis Brooks, William H. Moore, James Babb, William Bond, Henry F. Caswell, Fred W. Clements, James P. Ireland, Azro Mills, Corinna; Charles Curtis, Alexander McQuinn, Elisha B. Richards, Corinth; William Farmer, Roscpe W. Mower, Asa S. Russell, John Smith, David S. Snow, Abisha S. Sturtevant, John Wilson, James S. Curtis, Thomas Linnare, Jacob P. Lane, Benjamin T. Palmer, John M. Dutton, Abial S. Gove, George G. Beard, Joseph Crowell, Thomas Farrar, George W. Holbrook, Seth I. Swanton, Dexter; Charles H. Clark, John M. Crocker, George Gould, Benjamin Peabody, Llewellyn D. Smith, Charles F. Smith, Ephraim E. York, Benjamin W. Clark, George E. Davis, John C. Jones, S. A. York, Dixmont; John H. Bur- ton, George W. Calef, John W. Davis, George W. Richardson, Ed- dington; ReuelW. Philbrook, Phineas L. Saunders, James M. Stevens, John D. Carson, Horatio F. Barden, Boardman C. Friend, Ozro Stevens, Noah W. Edminston, Etna; William H. Canning, David Brown , Bembridge B. Brown, Exeter; William W. Allen, Garland; Henry H. Pomeroy, Charles G. Staples, George R. Staples, Daniel Tibbetts, jr., Isaac Wooster, Glenburn; Timothy H. Rider, George H. Young, David S. Libbey, Josiah P. Littlefield, Greenbush; Thomas P. Hink- ley, Hampden; Howard Grant, Albert R. Lord, Hermon; Henry C. Armington, John F. Burton, Alonzo B. Merril, Holden; Charles H. Davis, Edwin Hayes, Alphonso Haskell, Edward Haskell, James Brickett, Israel Bemis, Edward Lothrop, Horatio G. Kelley, George F. Wftugh, Preserved B. Turner, Danville L. Wyman, Howland; Thomas Parks, Leonard A. Cobb, Lee; Ira F. Eveleth, Orrin Nevins, Isaac Verrill, John Turner, Charles T. Turner, Levant; Willard Crocker, Adoniram H. Stinson, Lincoln; Marcellus V. Reed, Amos Hodgdon, Merritt Southard, Bryden Spencer, William O. C. Mulligan, Milford; Lemuel Peabody, George O. Roberts, Newburg; Nahum Barnelt, Marshall L. Colcord, John N. Gwin, Newport; Charles H. Kimball, Elijah Winslow, James A. Dougherty, Fred A. Michael, WiUiam Cum- mings, William Danforth, John L. Spaulding, John Lewis, Benjamin F. Neddo, George Patrick, Oldtown; Michael Collins, William Wilson, Elisha C. Martin, Thomas H. Bryant, Hannibal H. Perkins, Orono; Emery O. Giles, William S. Pond, Gilbert Ware, Orrington; Wesley Castigan, Albert Nash, Passadumkeag; Simeon Billings, James Davis, Joseph B. Getchell, Charles A. Gilchrist, Titus Tonus, James M. W. Shaw, Benjamin R. Tilton, James W. Hodges, Nathan Hanscomb, James Gray, 2nd, John M. Dutton, George A. Tozier, Louis Sandeau, Horace H. Gray, Augustus F. Rice, Plymouth; Peter N. Philbrook, Sidney H. Sinclair, Moses L. Ellis, Springfield; Daniel Berry, Allen T. Dinsmore, Newell J. Wiggins, Stetson; Moses Goodwin, John E, Kent, Veazie; Hiram Twist, Woodville. TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, organized at Cape Elizabeth, October 4, i86ij eight companies to serve two years from May 3d of that year, and two companies to serve three years from October 4th. Its service was mainly under Banks in North- ern Virginia, and under General Pope and other com- manders of the Army of the Potomac. After the two years' men were mustered out, the remainder formed a HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 117 battalion of three companies for duty as Headquarters Guard, Twelfth Army Corps. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Nathaniel F. French, Bradford. Corporal Charles H. Carson, Bangor. Wagoner Charles B. Canney, Bangor. PRIVATES. Levi T. Davis, Carmel ; William Peabody, Dixmont ; Thomas Brick, jr., Joshua R. Strong, Enfield; Nathan Emery, Hampden; Hercules S. Fernald, William Sibley, Lowell ; Levi D. Messer, D. B. McKinney, Benjamin Spencer, Lincoln. ELEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, November 1 2, 1 86 1, to serve three years, and left on the following day for Washington, District of Columbia, where it arrived on the i6th, and remained encamped until March 28, 1862. On that day, with their division (Casey's), they proceeded to Alexandria, thence to Newport News, Virginia, where they remained until April 6th. On the 17th they pro- ceeded to Yorktown, and on the 29th had a sharp engagement with the enemy. On the sth of May they bore a distinguished part in the engagement which took place at Williamsburg. They afterwards proceeded towards the Chickahominy, which they crossed at Bot- tom Bridge on the 23d, and took a prominent part in the battle of S,even Pines on the 31st. After the battle of Seven Pmes, they occupied the rifle-pits of the rear defences until June 4th, when they moved to the "Burnt Chimneys," and from thence to Bottom Bridge. On the 30th they participated in the battle of White Oak Swamp, after which they proceeded towards Harrison's Landing, where they remained until August i6th, when they left for Yorktown, at which place they remained until the 26th of December. On that day the regiment, with Naglee's brigade, embarked for North Carolina, and landed at Morehead City on the first day of January, 1863. On the 20th of January they again embarked on transports and started for Port Royal, where they landed on the loth of February. On the 4th of April they started for Charleston, and were present at the unsuccessful attack on that city by the iron-clads, after which they returned to Beaufort, South Carolina, and there remained until June 4th, when they proceeded to Fernandina, Florida. On the 6th of October they were ordered to Morris Island, South Carolina, where they arrived on the 7th, and went immediately to the front. On the nth they were assigned to the First Brigade as artillerists, and for a long period were engaged day and night in sheUing Sumter and the rebel works on Sullivan and James Islands. In April, 1864, they were assigned to the Third Brig- ade, First Division, Tenth Corps, and joined General Butler's command at Gloucester Point, Virginia. On the 5th of May they landed at Bermuda Hundred and participated in the engagement at Port Walthall Junction on the 7th. They afterwards participated in the expedi- tion towards Petersburg, and in the battle fought at Chester Station on the loth. They also participated in the assault on the enemy's line around Richmond on the i2th, 13th and 14th; also on the i6th, losing in the several engagements 24 men killed and wounded. On the 17th they were again engaged with the enemy, and lost 26 men killed and wounded. On June 2d they assisted in repulsing the enemy's attack on the fortifications at Bermuda Hundred, losing 41 men killed and wounded; and on the i6th participated in the movement resulting in the capture of the Howlett House battery and entire line of rebel works in front of Bermuda Hundred. They also assisted in repulsing the enemy's attack on the 17th and i8th. Subsequently they left the Bermuda Hundred lines and proceeded to Deep Bottom, where they remained until August, having meanwhile frequent skirmishes with the enemy, and par- ticipated in the capture of the rebel earthworks on the New Market road, where they lost 32 men killed and wounded. On the 14th of August they crossed to the north bank of the James river at Deep Bottom, and joined the Tenth Corps in its seven days campaign, par- ticipating in three battles. They charged once at Deep Bottom, twice at Deep Run, and repulsed three charges of the enemy on the i6th, and one on the i8th; their loss in killed and wounded in these several engage- ments was lo commissioned officers and 144 enlisted men. On the 26th they moved to Petersburg, where they remained and took their share in the siege opera- tions at that place until the 28th of September, when they left for Deep Bottom, and on the following day assisted in the capture of the heights known as "Spring Hill." Subsequently they participated in the movement towards Richmond, and on the 7th of October, in the engagement on the New Market road, in which they bore a prominent part. On the 13th they were heavily en- gaged in a battle on the Darbytown road, where they suffered a loss of 13 killed and wounded. They par- ticipated in the movement of October 27th, towards Richmond, and on the 29th in the recapture of the works across the Johnson plantation on the Darbytown road. On the 2d of November, one hundred of the regi- ment left the field for Maine, their three years' term of service having expired; and on the next day the remain- der of the regiment left for New York, having been one of the number selected to accompany General Butler, to assist in keeping the peace of the city at the Presidential election, after which they returned to the front. The total number of casualties in the regiment for the year 1864 were 363, viz: 74 killed, 274 wounded, 6 missing, and [g taken prisoners. During the year they received 549 recruits; also a full company of volunteers, the Eighth of unassigned infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, December 17, 1864, to serve one year, the mem- bers of which were assigned and transferred to Compa- nies I and K. These accessions filling up the ranks of the regiment to the required number, it preserved its or- ganization and remained in service. During the first three months of 1865 the regiment was stationed near the New Market road, about ten miles from Richmond, and formed a part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps. On the 27th of March, with their division, they moved across the James and Appomattox Rivers and to the vicinity ii8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of Hatcher's Run, where on tne 31st they engaged the enemy, and remained exposed to their fire, skirraishmg almost continually, until the 2d of April, losing mean- while 3 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and several enlist- ed men wounded, and i officer and 15 enlisted men taken prisoners. On the 3d of April they participated in the assault and capture of Forts Gregg and Baldwin, losing during the day 25 enlisted men killed and wounded, and on the 2d moved with the army in pursuit of Lee's forces. On the 9th they engaged the enemy at Clover Hill, losing 6 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and 29 en- listed men wounded. From the 25th of April to the 24th of November, they were encamped near Richmond, Virginia, and on duty in that city, the greater part of the time. On the 26th of November they moved to Fred- ericksburg, and remained, doing patrol and other duties, until the middle of January, when they went to City Point for discharge. They were mustered out February 2d, and left the next day for Augusta. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor. Colonel Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson. Lieutenant Colonel Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor. Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson. Lieutenant Colonel Charles P. Baldwin, Bangor. Major Jonathan *A. Hill, Stetson. Major Charles P. Baldwin, Bangor. Quartermaster Sergeant William H. H. Andrews, Newburg. Commissary Sergeant Samuel W. Lane, Bangor. Commissary Sergeant Joseph G. Ricker, Lee. Hospital Steward George C. Thaxter, Lee. Drum Major and Quartermaster Sergeant John Williams, Hampden. Principal Musician Abner Brooks, Corinna. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Charles P. Baldwin, Bangor, Co. B. Captain Albert Mudgett, Newburg, Co. D. Captain Samuel B. Straw, Bangor, Co. E. Captain Francis W. Wiswell, Holden, Co. E. Captain George W. Small, Bangon Co. E. Captain Francis W. Sabine, Bangor, Co. G. Captain Jonathan A. Hill, Stetson, Co. K. First Lieutenant Robert Brady, Enfield, Co. C. First Lieutenant John D. Stanwood, Springfield, Co. D. First Lieutenant Francis W. Wiswell, Holden, Co.E. First Lieutenant Francis W. Sabine, Bangor, Co. E. First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott, Bangor, Co. E. First Lieutenant Joseph S. Bowler, Lee, Co. E. First Lieutenant Albert G. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. G. First Lieutenant Peter Bunker, Brewer, Co. G. First Lieutenant Benjamin B. Foster, Orono, Co. I. Fisst Lieutenant Robert Brady, Enfield, Co. 1. First Lieutenant Melville M. Folsom, Newburg, Co. K. First Lieutenant Charles H. Foster, Stetson, Co. K. First Lieutenant Joseph S. Bowler, Lee, Co. K. First Lieutenant Robert H. Scott, Bangor, Co. K. Second Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland, Newport, Co. B. Second Lieutenant John Williams, Hampden, Co. C. Second Lieutenant Gibson S. Budge, Springfield , Co, D. Second Lieutenant Franklin M. Johnson, Springfield, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Lane, Bangor, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Judson L. Young, Springfield, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Francis W. Sabine, Bangor Co. E. Second Lieutenant Lawson G. Ireland, Newport, Co. E. Second Lieutenant William P. Plaisted, Stetson, Co. G. Second Lieutenant George W. Small, Bangor, Co. G. Second Lieutenant George Payne, Plymouth, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Charles A. Fuller, Corinth, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Jerome B. Ireland, Newport, Co. H. Second Lieutenant George H. Stratton, Winn, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Albert G. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. K. Second Lieutenant William P. Mudgett, Newburg, Co. K. Second Lieutenant Charles H. Foster, Stetson, Co. K. Second Lieutenant George W. Small, Bangor, Co. K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Nathaniel R. Robbins, Bangor. First Sergeant George G. Blaisdell, Bangor. First Sergeant George H. Stratton, Winn. Sergeant Charies F. Wheeler, Alton. Sergeant John N. Weymouth, Alton. Sergeant Henry H. Davis, Bangor. Sergeant Joseph Currier, Bangor. Sergeant Sumner E. Gushing, Bangor. Sergeant Adelbert Chick, Bangor. Sergeant Henry McCoy, Bangor. Sergeant Alphonso Patten, Bangor. Sergeant George W. Small, Bangor. Sergeant Roger A. Erskine, Bradford. Sergeant Henry B. Stanhope, Bradford. Sergeant Peter Bunker, Brewer. Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel. Sergeant George W. Clink, Clifton. Sergeant Charles Knowles, Corinna. Sergeant Stephen Mudgett, Dixmont. Sergeant Robert Brady, Enfield. Sergeant Francis Ephraim, Enfield. Sergeant Judson W. Barden, Etna. Sergeant Henry Knowles, Kenduskeag. Sergeant John Finigan, Lincoln. Sergeant George W. Rowell, Medway. Sergeant Cyrus E. Bussey, Newburg. Sergeant William W. Foster, Orono. Sergeant Charles Watson, Orono. Sergeant John F. Buzzell, Plymouth. Sergeant George W. Payne, Plymouth. Sergeant Amos R. Pushaw, Plymouth. Sergeant Francis M. Johnson, Springfield. Sergeant ludson L. Young, Springfield. Sergeant William P. Plaisted, Stetson. Sergeant Stinchfield A. Leland, Winn. Sergeant David B. Snow, Winn. Sergeant Charles W. Trott, Winn. Sergeant Arthur V. Vandine, Winn. Corporal Charles Babcock, Alton. Corporal Charles F. Wheeler, Alton. Corporal Charles G. L. Aiken, Bangor. Corporal Calvin S. Chapman, Bangor. Corporal Elias H. Frost, Bangor. Corporal Thomas T. Tabor, Bangor. Corporal Levi C. Smith, Bangor. Corporal August D. Locke, Bangor. Corporal James W. Perkins, Bangor. Corporal Adelbert Chick, Bangor. Corporal James E Dow, Bangor. Corporal Fred H. Gorham, Bangor. Corporal George W. Small, Bangor. Corporal John E. Smith, Bangor. Corporal Daniel West, Bangor. Corporal J osiah Furbush, Bradford. Corporal Ira Weymouth, Bradford. Corporal George W. Collins, Bradley. Corporal Peter Bunker, Brewer. Corporal Daniel D. Noyes, Brewer. Corporal Stephen R. Bearce, Carroll. Corporal Patrick Dougherty, Carroll. Corporal William H. Girrell, Charleston. Corporal Charles Badge, Corinth. Corporal Cyrus Perkins, Corinna. Corporal Samuel Libby, Corinna. Corporal John B. Alden, Dixmont. Corporal William H. Chamberlain, Enfield. Corporal Francis Ephraim, Enfield. Corporal Leonard M. Witham, Enfield. Corporal Joseph W. Borden, Etna. Corporal Simeon Batchelder, Hampden. Corporal John Higgins, Hampden. Corporal Andrew R. Patten, Hampden. Corporal Nathan Averill, Lee. Corporal Joseph S. Ames, Lee. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 119 Coqjoral Jotham S. Garnett, Medway. Corporal Cyrus E. Bussey, Newburg. Corporal John J. Hill, Newburg. Corporal Andrew J. Mudgett, Newburg. Corporal Charles Watson , Orono. Corporal James J. Baker, Orrington. Corporal Lysander H. Pushaw, Plymouth. Corporal George H. Downs, Plymouth. Corporal Gasper Hersey, Plymouth. Corporal John Dyer, Springfield. Corporal Benjamin Gould, Springfield. Corporal Hughey G. Rideout, Springfield. Corporal Frank E. Young, Springfield. Corporal Charles H. Foster, Stetson. Corporal Silas H. Kenney, Stetson. Corporal David B. Snow, Winn. Corporal Charles W. Trott, Winn. Musician Abper Brooks, Corinna. Musician John E. McKenny, Kenduskeag. Wagoner Joseph D. Ricker, Dexter. Wagoner Samuel Babb, Hudson. Wagoner John Ricker, Lee. PRIVATES. Samuel Babb, Levi S. Bradford, James Bowley, Horace Burse, Moses Burse, Thomas Deray, Andrew C. Means, Albion Penny, John D. Walter, George H. Walton, Leonard H. Young, Alton; Joseph Emery 2d, Lewis Green, George Merrill, Charles E. Elwell, Edward Laffin, Charles Sweeney, Josiah Felker, William Buswell, Charles P. Bazin, Edwin Elliott, Josiah H. Gordon, Edward W. Mills, Charles Rimbold, Frank L. Kenney, Charles Trask, Charles W. Lampcon, Charles M. Bunker, James M. Perkins, Sumner M. Bolton, John T. Stev- ens, Samuel M. York, Alton; Charles A. Glidden, Charles P. Hubbard, Francis M. Johnson, Charles H. Jones, Norris Keefe, James Parker, Henry J. Ruck, Charles M. Prebble, Benjamin R. Smith, George War- rick, John W. Worcester, Bangor; Isaac T. Bailey, Frederic Brooking, Charles Bowker, Charles H. Clark, Lorenzo D. Clark, Jesse H. Chad- bourne, James Chadbourne, David E. Cunningham, Philip A. Dan- forth, Andrew B. Erskine, James Elliott, William M. Erskine, Joel D. Farnham, George D. French, Joseph A. Ferguson, John Greene, Or- mandel V. Hebberd, James Hobbs, George M. Keiser, Daniel W. King, Lacassard Lassell, Prentice Preble, Henry W. Rider, Ihomas J. Roberts, Asa V. Southard, Jonathan C. Spaulding, Hosea Staples, George H. Strout, A. K. P. Twombly, Watson Ward, Bradford; Edwin F. Colins, Bradley; William H. Bean, William Keddle, Thomas A. FoUey, Edward H. Hilton, Peter Bunker, Brewer; Jeremiah Fol- som, Burlington; David Simpson, Carmel; Adelbert J. Aldrich, Silas M. Gates, William Shennan, Carroll; Samuel Copp, Zelord E. Car- penter, William C. Davis, Stephen C. Ehvell, James Hamden, Charles F. Jack, Charles Johnson, Charles F. Rich, Alfred P. Shute, Christo- pher C. Speed, Levi Stevens, Albert E. Turner, Leland F. Bridgman, Charleston; Edwin Savage, Ezekiel Savage, Chester; William H. Fogg, George W. Fogg, Clifton; Samuel Dean, Volney Sprague, Charles F. Morrill, John Knowles, Jesse R. Stone, Joseph R. Stone, Corinna; James Batchelder, Charles M. Dexter, Abijah N. Clay, Walter Crowell, Moses W. Fish, Thomas Sullivan, Moses F. Hurd, Charles A. H. Hurd, William H. H. Hurd, George O. Johnson, Augustus Keiser, Joseph H. Knox, John Larry, jr., Linbyna Packard, Henry D. Prescott, Zachary T. Reynolds, Leeman R. Smith, Thomas S. Smith, Charles E. Wyman, Clement C. Libby, Mory Mulliken, Wil- liam Nickerson, jr., John P. Nickerson, Corinth; Lorenzo D. Bickford, John P. Bickford, George L. Crocker, Oliver T. Ferguson, Lewis L. Gray, Joseph H. Morsey, David Peabody, Erwin L. Prentiss, Dix- mont; Charles H. Springer, Dexter; Wells Maddocks, Eddington; Willard Whitney, E. Corinth; Albion A. Bands, Robert Brady, jr., Silas Buswell, jr., William A. Buzzell, Elijah B. Curtis, Phineas Curtis, Zana Curtis, Levi A. Coombs, William H. Darling, William B. Davis, Daniel Gray, Thomas Knowlton, Charles W. H. Jewett, Michael Mc- Devinof, Simeon F. McKenney, Nathan P. Messer, Nathan P. Witham, James M. Whittier, Enfield; Thomas Barker, Bowman Eldridge, Exeter; George W. Buzzell, Etna; Henry A. Mann, Thomas Nye, Glenburn; Eugene Braydon, Garland; Charles S. B. Hodgdon, William H. Houston, Samuel R. Buker, Greenbush; John Williams, Hampden; Abimeleck H. Annis, Freeman W. Annis, William Clark, Lemuel Overloek, Hermon; Michael Doyle, Holden; Charles H. Bean, Andrew H. Whitney, Robert Douglas, Charles H. Ham, San- ford March, Franklin C. Rowe, Horace B. Sherbourne, Llewellyn R. Webber, Ira E. Parsons, Henry S. Rolfe, Daniel S. Percival, Hudson; Aaron W. Houston, George H. Smith, Warren S. Ladd, Kenduskeag; Enoch Flanders, Lewis S. Henderson, George W. Jones, Simeon H. Kinney, Warren W. Bishop, Lagrange; Joseph S. Bowler, Barte- mas Dunham, Philip Cobb, William Green, Henry F. Randall, Brain- ard A. Richie, Seth H. Riggs, Seth T. Salter, Charles H. Merrill, Ira C. Hermon, Bartemas Bartlett, William Bartlett, Charles H. Burke, Alonzo Carver, William Doble, Charles N. Foss, Joseph Hardin, Mathew P. House, Thomas M. Jordan, John B. Reed, George Robinson, Wentworth Staples, Joseph S. Rowles, Lee; John W. Elliott, Joseph Cooke, Moses F. Hurd, Thomas Beede, Benjamin F. Wing, Levant; Asa A. Athens, William Athens, John C. Whitney, John M. Daley, Eleazer Hutchison, Lincoln; Andnew McKay, Charles N. Fogg, John G. McPhetres, Andoniram Sibley, Sumner Sibley, Lowell ; Ellsworth B. Garnett, Medway; Charles F. Bickford, Timothy W. Ford, Mon- roe; Charles B. Abbott. Oscar F. Abbott, George W. Bussey, Frank- lin F. Condon, Willard Davis J. B. Kelley, George S. Kelley, Allen D. Holmes, Luther E. Maddocks, Charles E. Morton, Franklin A. Quinn, Robert Ricker, John Whitcomb, John Whitcomb, jr., New- burg; Jerome B. Ireland, Laurison G. Ireland, Charles Miles, Joseph E. Nelson, John Wilson, Levi Pooler, Simeon Cakes, Lorenzo D. Stewart, Horace P. Robinson, Charles O. Varney, Newport; Charles B. Sartelle, No. 2. Range 3; John Ballard, Samuel A. Clark, Samuel S. Hinkley, Michael Neddo, Peter Neddo, Adams Weaver, Frank Spaulding, Joseph Shepherd, John G. Qiiimby, John B. Weeks, Ed- ward Parkes, Joseph Lagassy, George A. Cron, John Spearin, Ezra F. Barnes, Albion P. Brickmore, George Cote, Oldtown; Nathaniel S. Davis, William Waite, Pattagumpus; Timothy W. Bean, Passadum- keag; George Inman, jr., Thomas Kelley, John Longley, Archibald P. Martin, John Mullen, George Sitel, Lorenzo R. McFarland, Orono; Andrew Osborn, Samuel Buzzell, William H. Conant, William C. Drake, Alva G. Glover, Wellington Leavitt, William F. Murray, Stephen Thurston, John W. Thurston, William R. Downs, Charles M, Prescott, Jonathan F, Knights, Plymouth; Hiram A. Cooper, Parker Downs, Stephen Frost, John N. Stanley, Prentiss; James B. Annis, James W. Bryant, Philo Bearse, John E. Bridges, John M. Rutherfield; Clark Cilley, Melville Comforth, George L. Cooper, John I?ay, Charles Dol- ley, Charles Downs, Prince E. Dunifer, Daniel S. Ellis, George H. Gerry, Ira Gould, Benjamin Guild, Leonard Leighton, Charles A. Lowell, David C. Philbrook, Ezra J. Philbrook, Jeremiah Philbrook, Zenas H. Rider, George M. Shepherd, Harvey C. Shepherd, Hiram A. Woodman, William P. Weymouth, George H. Woodward, Ezra C. Woodman, Springfield; Charles A. Cochran, Henry C. Dresser, Stephen S. Hubbard, Josiah M. Marble, Charles E. Hammons, Josiah Glastalve, Henry B. Cooper, Charles H. Abbott, Cyrus Woods, James V. Tabor, Horace S. Kinney, Augustus D. Locke, Thomas McKenney, WiUiam W. Morton, Marquis D. L. Osgood, Brook D. Stewart, Drummer Sylvester, Charles Watson, Warren L. Whittien, Stetson; Wales E. Davis, Samuel Wentworth, Veazie; David Clendenain, Ed- ward Davis, Loring Gaiey, John Knox, Charles Royal, George W. Young, Winn; Andrew J. Gardiner, Woodville; Thomas Nye, Orring- ton; Stephen A. Hind, John A. Jordan, Stetson. TWELFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Portland, November 16, 1861, to serve three years, and left for Lowell, Mas- sachusetts, on the 24th, where after being encamped several weeks, it embarked on board the steamship Constitution, January 2, 1862, constituting a portion of General But- ler's New England Division, designed for the capture of New Orleans. On the 19th of January they disembarked at Fortress Monroe, and on the 4th of February pro- ceeded on their voyage, arriving at Ship Island on the 1 2th. They remained at Ship Island until the 4th of May, then proceeded to New Orleans. On the 2 2d of June they participated in the expedition to Manchac Pass, where they engaged the enemy, and suffered a loss of 14 killed and several wounded and taken prisoners. Sub- sequently they returned to New Orleans, where they re- mained until the 21st of October. On that day the regiment moved to Camp Parapet, and on the 19th pro- ceeded towards Baton Rouge, where they arrived on the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 2oth of December. During this march they were engaged in frequent skirmishes with the enemy, but met with few casualties. In the spring of 1863, during the early stages of the campaign, towards the reduction of Port Hudson, they performed an important part, assisting in covering the successful naval movement under Farragut, which resulted in his passing the enemy's stronghold with his fleet and communicating with the fleet above. Returning to Baton Rouge, they formed a portion of the expedition under General Grover, up Grand Lake, after which they par- ticipated in the Port Hudson campaign, losing 68 killed and wounded. On the 7th of July, immediately follow- ing the surrender of Port Hudson, they embarked for Donaldsonville, engaged the enemy at that place, and there remained about a month, when they returned to New Orleans. From thence they proceeded to Ship Island to protect that post from a threatening attack from Mobile, and there remained during the months of August and September; then returned to New Orleans, remaining until January 3, 1864, when they formed a part of an expedition to Madisonville, which they occu- pied until tlie nth of March. On the 12th, two-thirds of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, who, April i6th, were furloughed and came to Maine, the non-re-enlisting men remaining at New Orleans. The furloughed men arrived at Portland on the 27th of April, and re-jsserabled there on the 27th of May, when they left for New York, where they arrived on the 3d of June and sailed for New Orleans on the 8th. Immediately upon their arrival at New Orleans on the i6th, they were ordered to Carrol- ton, and from thence on the 23d to Morganzia, where they arrived on the following day. On the 3d of July they proceeded to Algiers, and on the 13th sailed for Fortress Monroe, where they arrived on the 20th. From thence they proceeded to City Point, where they were ordered to report to General But- ler at Bermuda Hundred. Disembarking on the 21st, they proceeded on the same night to General Butler's position between the .Appomattox and the James rivers, and there remained until the 28th, when they partici- pated in the movement of the Second Corps and General Sheridan's command across the James River. On the 31st of July they were ordered to Washington, thence towards the Shenandoah Valley, and joined Gen- eral Sheridan's forces at Berryville on the 17th of Au- gust. On the following morning they moved towards Harper's Ferry as far as Charlestown, and took position, remaining until the 21st, when they retreated to Hall Town. On the 3d of September they proceeded up the valley and participated in the battle of Winchester on the 19th, losing in the engagement 2 commissioned offi- cers killed and 6 wounded, 12 enlisted men killed, 78 wounded, and 15 missing; then they joined in pursuit of the enemy to Harrisonburg, where they arrived on the 2Sth, and returned to Cedar Creek on the loth of Oc- tober. They bore an honorable part in the action at that place on the 19th, in which their casualties were as fol- low: I commissioned officer and 6 enlisted men killed, 2 commissioned officers and 20 enlisted men wounded, 2 commissioned officers and 51 enlisted men missing. On the 20th of October they moved to Strasburg, and shortly afterwards returned to their old position at Cedar Creek, where they remained until the gth of November- on that day, with their corps, they moved back to the northern bank of the Opequan. The regiment was mustered out of service at Portland Maine, December 7, 1864, the recruits and re-enlisted men, however, remaining in the field and being organized into a battalion of four companies. This battalion was afterwards ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it was subsequently raised to a full regiment by the assignment of the Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Eighteenth, and Six- teenth Companies of unassigned infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, in February and March, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, and which were assigned as Companies E, F, G, H, I, and K, respectively. These companies were mustered 'out at the expiration of their term of service in February and March, 1866, the two and three years men, together with the battalion of vet- erans, remaining on duty at Savannah, Georgia, until the 1 8th of April, i866, when the whole battalion was mus- tered out of the United States service at that place, by Lieutenant J. Hartwell Butler, Commissary of Musters, Department of Georgia, under the provisions of War De- partment General Order No. 94, Series of 1865, and in pursuance of Special Order No. 71, dated Headquarters Military Division of the Tennessee, April lo,- 1866. They then took transports to New York, where the men were paid and finally discharged. FIELD AND STAFF. Adjutant Lagrange Severance, Bangor. Quartermaster Charles H. Buswell, Bangor. Surgeon James H. Thompson, Orono. Surgeon Eldridge A. Thompson, Charleston. Assistant Surgeon Eldridge A. Thompson, Charleston. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Abbott Coan, Orono, Co. A. Captain Joseph W. Tiiompson, Bangor, Co. B. Captain John F. Appleton, Bangor, Co. H. Captain Henry L. Wood, Dexter, Co. H. Captain Samuel F. Thompson, Bangor, Co. I. First Lieutenant Alfred D. Morse, Orono, Co. A. First Lieutenant Joseph W, Thompson, Bangor, Co. B. First Lieutenant George Webster, Bangor, Co. C- First Lieutenant David B. Chesley, Lincoln, Co. D. First Lieutenant Abbott Coan, Orono, Co. F. First Lieutenant Alfred R. Straw, Garland, Co. F. First Lieutenant David B. Chesley, Lincoln, Co. F. Second Lieutenant Edward H. B. Wilson, Orono, Co. F. Second Lieutenant Freeman H. Chase, Lincoln, Co. F. Second Lieutenant George Webster, Bangor, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Abram B. Coombs, Bangor, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Charles H. Bushwell, Bangor, Co. J, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Joseph W. Thompson, Bangor. First Sergeant Charles J. Fletcher, Dexter. First Sergeant David B. Chesley, Lincoln. Sergeant Charles H. Buswell, Bangor. Sergeant William A. Garnsey, Bangor. Sergeant Lagrange Severance, Bangor. Sergeant Edwin S. Thompson, Bangor. Sergeant Lewis H. Walton, Bangor. Sergeant Daniel Wentworth , Bangor. Sergeant Albion P. Sanders, Brewer. Sergeant Abbott Coan, Exeter. Sergeant Levi W. Edgerly, E.\eter. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Sergeant Tristam C. Coding, Hampden. Sergeant John Haskell, Hermon, Sergeant Charles H. Freeman, Lincoln. Sergeant Eugene B. Stinson, Lincoln. Sergeant Alfred D. Morse, Oldtown. Sergeant Jedediah Greenlaw, Orono. Sergeant Franklin Lord, Plymouth. Corporal Hiram G. Claridge, Bangor. Corporal Jonathan N. Drew, Bangor. Corporal Reuben Gowen, Bangor. Corporal Ephraim Guptill, Bangor. Corporal John Haskell, Bangor. Corporal William S. Haskell, Bangor. Corporal Fred A. Small, Bangor. Corporal Daniel Wentworth, Bangor. Corporal Joseph Gray, Bradford. Corporal Eugene Kingman, De.xter. Corporal Benjamin F. Walker, E.xeter. Corporal John Haskell, Hermon. Corporal William B. McKenney, Kenduskeag. Corpoial William C. Hanson, Lincoln. Corporal Charles H. Stratton, Lincoln. Corporal George G. Thayer, Lincoln. Corpora,' Eugene B. Stinson, Lincoln. Corporal George W. March, Newburg. Corporal Augustus H. Morrill, Oldtown. Corporal David S. Porter, Oldtown. Corporal John A. Decker, Orono. Corporal Marcena C. Gray, Orono. Corporal John B. Rowan, Orono. Corporal Benjamin F. Snow, Orrington. Corporal Myron Webster, Orrington. Corporal Michael Condon, Orrington. Musician Prentice P. Allen, Corrinna. Musician John H. Mettor, Dexter. Musician Joseph H. Johnson, Orono. Wagoner Lewis B. Hopkins. PRIVATES. Jacob Bagley, Jeremy Baker, James Harris Benson, John Bilby, John M. Blanchard, Alvin Burbank, Edward C. Charles, Michael Con- don, Augustus Curtis, Jonathan W. Drew, Martin Drinkwater, George W. Fraiser, Augustus Gilbert, Walter Grogg, Thomas Hawkins, Asa Kimball, James Kirkpatrick, Noah McKusick, William D. McLaugh- lin, Ivory Murray, Phineas Nickerson, Bryden S. Osborn, Thomas Fetters, Alanson Powers, Benjamin F. Prescott, Samuel T. Pierce, Elmon P. Saunders, Stephen S. Sealand, Harrison Spencer, William H. Thompson, Henry G. Thompson, Charles H. Thoms, Almon P. Tibbetts, John W. Torsey, William H. Torsey", . Bangor ; Joseph L. Forbes, Joseph A. Horton, Bradford ; Abram B. Downes, Walter W. Gragg, Frederic A. H. Sanborne, Edwin J. Washburne, Henry C. Waterhouse, Brewer ; Gabriel A. Foster, Eliphalet Miller, Edward S. Page, Aruna E. Peasley, Franklin Tibbetts, Burlington ; Albert Dough- erty, John McGuire, Carmel ; James Roach, Jonathan S. Hunt, Charles- ton; Charles H. Stratton, Ira F. Stratton, George G. Thayer, Ches- ter; John R. Burrill, Alvah R. Graffam, Samuel C. Graffam, Josiah P. Nickerson, Charles Nutter, Elijah G. Tibbetts, Bailey J. P. Washing- ton, Corinna ; Simon A* Abbott, Hiram M. Gould, Charles P. Green, Sullivan White, Dexter; Oscar Butler, Jerry R. Champeon, William Champeon, Luther M. Hill, Charles F. Milton, Alonzo Russell, Ben- jamin F. Russell, Calvin R. Seavey, Cyrus. L. Seavey, Harrison Willey, Jerry Young, Exeter; Isaiah Adams, Stephen Berry, jr., Samuel Fox, Robert T. French, Wesley H. Handley, Alfred R. Straw, Leonard H. Titcomb, Garland; James W. Smith, Charles Tibbetts, Glenburn ; Charles A. Williams, Greenbush ; John Littlefield, John C. McPhetres, Greenfield ; Jacob H. Palmer, Jesse N, Rines, Joshua C. Rines, Hamp- den ; George E. West, Holden ; Russell S. Tucker, Kenduskeag ; Enoch L. Tuck, Lee ; Herman C. Anthers, Hiram Dill, Aaron Han- son, Edwin Hanson, Joseph Hatch, Lincoln ; George E. Caldwell, Seth Eastman, John Fox, Lowell ; Robert J. Camp, Newburg ; Emery Allen, Jeremiah Kingston, David S. Porter, Philip A. Vickery, Old- town ; James M. Andrew, Peter Brochin, Charles A. Buckley, William Buckley, Peter Butler, Joseph Clankay, Alexander Clair, Joseph Cowen, Horatio Duplissa, Michael Estes, Stephen Estes, Phineas W. Fairbrother, Peter Hogan, Martin Kennedy, Zephaniah Neal, James Nelergram, Edwin M. Paris, John C. Perkins, Maxim Rancho, Josiah Spencer, Mark Weeks, Martin J. Vinal, Peter Broochee, George But- ler, Thomas M. Dean, Joseph Fortier, Horace Labree, Reuben S. Garland, Spencer Sewell, Orono ; William Johnson, Alvin B. Towle, Plymouth ; Moses B. Langley , Stetson ; Josiah Garnett, Winn ; Charles D. Garnett, Woodville. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, De- cember 13, 186 1, to serve for three years, but left for Boston, Massachusetts, February 18, 1862, where it era- barked on board transports on the 20th and 21st for For- tress Monroe, Virginia. From thence on the 23d they sailed for Ship Island, Mississippi, where they arrived on the 2d of Marchj and there remained until July sth, on which day detachments from the regiment were sent to garrison the several forts constituting the defences of New Orleans, and were engaged in such duties until September i, 1863, when the entire regiment was ordered to New Orleans to perform provost duty. On the 24th of October, they embarked at Carrollton, Louisiana, for Texas, and landed at the island of Brazos de Santiago, near the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the morning of November 2d. They participated m the capture of Point Isabel on the 6th, and on the 15th formed a part of the forces which captured Mustang Island. On the 27th of November they participated in the capture of Fort Esperanza, commanding Pass Caballo, the entrance to Matagorda Bay, where they remained encamped until February 18, 1864, when they were ordered back to Louisiana to rejoin the Nineteenth Army Corps at Franklin, and take part in the Red River campaign then about commencing. On the i5,th of March they proceeded toward Natchitoches, where they joined General Banks' forces on the 2d of April, and on the 6th moved toward Shreveport. Reaching Pleasant Hill on the 8th, they participated in the engagement at that place on the same day, and on the next day in the charge resulting in the complete repulse of the enemy. They returned to Al- exandria, Louisiana, on the 25th of April, and to Mor- ganza Bend, Louisiana, on the 2 2d of May, after a fatiguing march, during which lines of battle had to be repeatedly formed to repel attacks. They remained at Morganza until the ist of July, when they were ordered north, and arrived at Fortress Monroe on the 12 th,, thence jDroceeded to Washington, District of Columbia, where they arrived the next day, and encamped at Tennallytown, subsequently marching to Harpers Ferry, Virginia. On the 3d of August the re-enlisted men of the regiment proceeded to Maine on furlough, and there remained until the 27th of Septem- ber, when they departed for the front, reaching Harpers Ferry on the ist of October. Communication with the front being then impossible, they were ordered to Mar- tinsburg, Virginia, (the base of supplies for Sheridan's whole army), where they remained on picket and patrol duty until the expiration of their original term of service, when the original members who had not re-enUsted re- turned to Maine, arriving at Augusta December 30, 1864, and were mustered out of the United States service at that place on the 6th of January, 1865, by Major J. W. T, Gardiner, United States Army. 122 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Two hundred and eighty-two re-enlisted men and eighty- two recruits whose term of service had not expired, were, before the departure of the regiment from the field, or- ganized into a battalion, which was soon afterwards trans- ferred to and consolidated with the Thirtieth regiment of infantry, Maine volunteers. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Frederick A. Stevens, Co. E, Bangor. Captain William H. H. Walker, Co. A, Newburg. First Lieutenant William H. H. Walker, Co. A, Newburg. First Lieutenant Freeman W. Whiting, Co. C, Newport. Second Lieutenant William E. Cashing, Co. I, Winterport. Second Lieutenant Ora Pearson, Co. I, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Ora Pearson, Bangor. First Sergeant Horace W. Sullivan, Hampden. Sergeant Daniel H. Capus, Bangor. Sergeant Levi L. Hawes, Bangor. Sergeant Arthur C. Williams, Hampden. Sergeant Taylor T. Clark, Hermon. Sergeant Charles A. Woodbury, Hermon. Sergeant Charles D. Billings, Newburg. Sergeant Benjamin B. Rose, Newburg. Sergeant Henry W. Brown, Newburg. Sergeant Hiram White, Oldtown. Corporal Daniel H. Capus, Bangor. Corporal John Gorst, Bangor. Corporal William B. Ray, Bangor. Corporal William Haseltine, jr., Carmel. Corporal Arthur C. Williams, Hampden. Corporal George Brackett, Hermon, Corporal Albert Bryant, Hermon. Corporal Taylor T. Clark, Hermon. Corporal Henry S. Kelly, Heimon. Corporal George H. Smith, Hermon. Corporal Charles A, Woodbury, Hermon. Corporal Abijah G. Allen, Newburg. Corporal John Lowell, Plymouth. Corporal Andrew Ryder, jr. , Plymouth. Corporal Joel Gates, Oldtown. Corporal Isaac W. McDonald, Oldtown. Corporal George L. Prescott, Oldtown. PRIVATES. Joseph Whitcomb, Alton; Additon C. Benning, Phineas Clark, Samuel Foloman, Thomas Clark, Samuel Gorst, Albion Grant, Alfred Joy, A. B. Merrick, John L. O'Mara, William Plummer, Levi Stevens, Edward C. Tuttle, Eugene M. Williams, James H. Winslow, Bangor; Lorenzo D. Libby, Carmel; Daniel L. Bishop, Charleston; Erastus Bickford, Newell W. Smith, James A. Reed, Frederic A. Getchell, Nahum A. Nason, Dixmont; Asa C. Brickett, Warren Doble, Etna; Alfred Bus- well, Charles W. Herrick, Daniel M. Miner, Glenburn; Rufus Johns- ton, Greenfield ; Taylor Clark, Alvin W. Page, Zimri Piper, jr. , William H. H. Walker, Hampden; Additon Benning, George Clark, Frank J. Hammond, Frankhn Hammond, jr., John E. Holt. Edward Kelley, Stillman Kelley, George W. Light, Henry W. Light, Francis F. Over- lock, Andrew J. Smith, Hermon; Charles A. Elliot, Kenduskeag; Al- bert .\nnis, Levi P. Bowden, Andrew J. Pomeroy, Gideon Pomeroy, Levant; George T. Eldridge, Newburg; Charles Bolb.nston, William F. W. Canfield, David Carr, George F. Clark, Stephen Coffin, Corne- lius Dugan, John Dugan, Nathaniel Haskell, Nelson R. Jellcrson, George H. Jones, John Kelley, Albert F. Knight, Charles A. Libby, James Smith, Thomas Spencer, Hugh Toomy, Dimmie B. White, Miles White, Charles Wheeler, Joel B. Wheeler, Oldtown; William Wilson, Patten. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from December 3d to December 17, 1861, to serve three years. They left for Boston February 5, 1862, and on the 8th sailed for Ship Island, Mississippi, where they arrived March 8th. They sailed for New Orleans May 19th, and there remained until July 5th. On the 7th they embarked for Baton Rouge, where, on the 5th of August, they took a prominent part in the engagement with the enemy under General Breckenridge, losing in the engagement, in killed, wounded, and missing, 126 men. On the 20th, they left Baton Rouge and proceed- ed to Camp Parapet, thence on the 26th to CarroUton. On the 7 th of September they participated in the attack and capture of a camp of guerrillas at or near St. Charles Court House. On the 30th they were assigned to Gen- eral Dudley's brigade of Sherman's division, and on the 26th of October returned to CarroUton, where they re- mained until December 13th, when they were ordered to Bonnet Carre, thirty miles further up the river, and where they remained until May 7, 1863, employed in preventing smuggling through the rebel lines, and upon expeditions into ihe interior for the purpose of reconnois- sance and other objects. On the 7th of May they pro- ceeded towards Civiquis Ferry, and on the loth and nth were attacked by the enemy at that place, and repulsed them on both days. On the 20th they proceeded to Baton Rouge, thence to Port Hudson, arriving at the latter place on the 22d. They participated in the as- saults on the enemy's fortifications at that place on the 27th of May and on the 14th of June. From the 22d of June until the surrender of the place on the 8th of July, they remained in the trenches exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries. After the surrender of Port Hudson, they were stationed a short distance from that place on the road to Clinton, doing picket duty, until the 22d of August, when they proceeded to Baton Rouge; thence on the 3d of September with the expedi- tion to Sabine Pass, and afterwards to Algiers. After remaining a short time in Algiers, they proceeded to Brashear City, thence to Opelousas, which they reached on the 2ist of October. On the ist of November they proceeded towards New Iberia; reached Vermillion Ba- you after a march of two days, remained there until the i6th, and then marched to New Iberia, where they remained encamped until the 7th of January, 1864. In the meanwhile, all but forty of the available men of the regiment having re-enlisted for an additional term of three years service, on the loth of February theyleff New Orleans for Maine, having been granted a furlough for thirty days, and arrived on the 21st at Augusta, where they re-assembled at the expiration of their fur- lough. They left for Portland on the 9th of April, and sailed on the following day for New Orleans, where they arrived on the 19th, and encamped at the "Parapet" until May 5th; then proceeded to Baton Rouge, and on the 3d of July down the river to Algiers, preparatory to a then unknown sea voyage. On the 13th they sailed for Bermuda Hundred, Virginia; arrived there on the 2 2d, and were immediately assigned to General Butler's command. On the 31st they proceeded to Washington; and, on the 14th, marched for the Shenandoah Valley by way of the Chain Bridge and Leesburg Turnpike, joining General Sheridan's forces at Berryville, Virginia, on the 1 8th. They jDarticipated in the battle of Win- chester on the 19th of September, losing 60 men in killed, wounded, and missing; and were present at the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. assault and capture of Fisher's Hill, after which they joined in the pursuit of the enemy to Harrisonburg. Subsequently they returned to Cedar Creek, and partici- pated in the engagement at that place on the 19th of October, losing 80 men, killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. Shortly after the battle of Cedar Creek, they moved to a position near Kearnestown, where heavy works were erected, in which they remained until the 23d of Decem- ber, when the original members who had not re-enlisted and whose terra of service had expired were ordered to Maine for the purpose of being mustered out, the re- enlisted men and recruits whose term of service had not expired being organized into a battalion of four com- panies and remaining in the field. The regiment ar- rived at Augusta, Maine, December 30, 1864, and was mustered out of the United States service by Major J. W. T. Gardiner, United States Army, on the 13th of January, 1865. The battalion, composed of the re-enlisted men, form- ing four companies, lettered A, B, C, and D, remained encamped at Stevenson's Station, Virginia, until the 6th of January, 1865, when with the rest of the Second Di- vision, Nineteenth Army Corps, they proceeded to Balti- more, Maryland, and on the nth embarked for Savan- nah, Georgia, arriving on the 20th, and occupying that city until May 7th. On the 30th of March the battalion was increased by two new companies, the Thirteenth and Fourteenth of Unassigned Infantry; and on the 10th of April by four more, viz: the Seventeenth, Twentieth, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third of Unassigned Infantry, all of which were organized at Augusta, Maine, in March and April, 1865, to serve one year, and which were assigned as companies E, F, G, H, I, and K, respectively, thereby re-organizing the battalion into a full regiment. On the 6th of May the regiment moved towards Au- gusta, Georgia, arriving on the 14th, and remaining there until the 31st, when they were ordered back to Savan- nah, which place they reached on the 7th of June. On the 9th they proceeded to Darien, Georgia, and there remained, engaged in guard and patrol duty, until the 28th of August, 1865, when the entire regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Captain Henry L. Wood, Assistant Commissary of Musters, Dis- trict of Savannah, under War Department Circular No. 30, Series of 1865, and in pursuance of instructions from Headquarters, Department of Georgia. On the ist of September they embarked for Maine, arriving at Augusta on the 17 th, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 28th. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Thomas W. Porter, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas W. Porter, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel John K. Laing, Passadumkeag. Major Thomas W. Porter, Bangor. Major John K. Laing, Passadumkeag. Adjutant Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg. Quartermaster Warren Crowell, Orono. Chaplain Alvan J. Bates, Lincoln. Sergeant-Major William G. Lee, Bangor. Quartermaster-Sergeant Warren T. Crowell, Orono. Commissary-Sergeant William fackman. Patten. Commissary Sergeant Henry C. Snow, Newburg. Principal Musician John S. Smith, Bangor. Principal Musician Emory Hall, Bangor. Principal Musician Carlisle P. Sawtelle, Newburg. COMMISSIONED OFFICEKS. Captain John J. Quimby, Orono, Co. B. Captain Warren Crowell, Orono, Co. C. Captain Nathaniel Sawyer, Di.xmont. Co. D. Captain William D. Chase, Oldtown, Co. D. Captain George W. Worster, Glenburn, Co. IC. Captain John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. E. Captain Horace Blackman, Bradley, Co, F, Captain John K. Laing, Passadumkeag, Co. F. Captain James B. Hill, Patten, Co. I. Captain Ira B. Gardiner, Patten, Co. L Captain Albert L. Spencer, Bangor, Co. I. First Lieutenant Joseph D. Wood, Bangor, Co. A. First Lieutenant Malcom W. Long, Bangor, Co. B. First Lieutenant William D. Chase, Oldtown, Co. D. First Lieutenant John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. D. First Lieutenant John J. Quimby, Orono, Co. D. First Lieutenant George W. Worster, Glenburn, Co. E. First Lieutenant Simon H. Boyd, Levant, Co. E. First Lieutenant Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg, Co. E. First Lieutenant Thomas W. Porter, Lowell, Co. F. First Lieutenant John K. Laing, Passadumkeag, Co. F. First Lieutenant Ira B. Gardiner, Patten, Co. I. First Lieutenant William fackman. Patten, Co. I. First Lieutenant Americus D. Harlow, Bangor, Co. I. First I^ieutenant Warren Crowell , Orono, Co. K. Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Grant, Lowell, Co. A. Second Lieutenant John O. W. Paine, Bangor, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Henry W. Robinson, Bangor, Co. D. Second Lieutenant John J. Quimby, Orono, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Edson Holmes, Bangor, Co. F. Second Lieutenant William Jackman, Patten, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Charles Smith, Oldtown, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Ira B. Gardiner, Patten, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Charles E. Blackwell, Patten, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Wilson Crosby, Bangor, Co. I. Second Lieutenant Warren Crowell, Orono, Co. K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Joseph D. Wood, Bangor. First Sergeant Francis H. Blackman, Bradley. First Sergeant Henry C. Snow, Dixmont. Sergeant Richard Ashton, Bangor. Sergeant Charles W. Cleaves, Bangor. Sergeant Charles L. Doe, Bangor. Sergeant Allen B. Farrar, Bangor. Sergeant Henry W. Robinson, Bangor. Sergeant Joseph W. Wing, Bangor. Sergeant George A. Pritchard, Bangor. Sergeant Daniel O. Billings, Bangor. Sergeant Charles A. Clewley, Bradley. Sergeant James^Garrity, Brewer. Sergeant Da^'id P. Ed minister, Dixmont. Sergeant Benjamin F. Simpson, Dixmont. Sergeant James B. Craig, Dixmont. Sergeant George W. Worster, Glenburn. Sergeant David S. Worster, Glenburn. Sergeant Charles G. Niles, Glenburn. Sergeant Albert Blackman, Greenbush. Sergeant James Rule, Greenbush. Sergeant Andrew F. White, Greenfield. Sergeant Simon H. Boyd, Levant. Sergeant John P. Hillsgrove, Milford. Sergeant Warren Crowell, Orono. ■Sergeant John J. Quimby, Orono. Sergeant John K. Laing, Passadumkeag. Sergeant Ira B. Gardiner, Patten. Sergeant WilUam Jackman, Patten. Sergeant Daniel Scribner, Patten. Sergeant Calvin Brickford, Plymouth, Sergeant William F. Jenkins, Woodville. Corporal Edward Bradford, Bangor. 124 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Corporal Seth Perkins, Bangor. Corporal Daniel McPhee, Bangor. Corporal George W. Chamberlain, Bradford. Corporal Charles A. Clewley, Bradley. Corporal Daniel W. Hardy, Bradley. Corporal William H. Sawyer, Bradley. Corporal Weston Page, Burlington. Corporal George W. Taylor, Burlington. Corporal George Bean, Carmel. Corporal David M. Dill, Di.imont. Corporal David P. Edminister, Dixmont. Corporal Stephen E. Harris, Dixmont. Corporal James P. Harris, Dixmont. Corporal William M. Cobb, Eddington. Corporal Franklin W. Betham, Enfield. Corporal William E. Mervifield, Enfield. Corporal John J. Owens, Enfield. Corporal David S. Worster, Glenbum. Corporal Oscar E. Blackwell, Greenbush. Corporal John Butler, Greenbush. Corporal William A. Doyle, Greenbush. Corporal Sylvester Quinn, Lagrange. Corporal John O. Allen, Lowell. Corporal Joseph W. Grant, Lowell. Corporal Charles S. Buswell, Maxfield. Corporal Albert S. Smith, Newburg. Corporal Daniel S. Jackson, Newburg. Corporal Sullivan S. Perkins, No. I Township. Corporal James H. Cooper, Oldtown. Corporal Charles R. Horn, Oldtown. Corporal John Hayes. Patten. Corporal Joseph Preble, Patten. Corporal William F. Jenkins, Woodville. Musician Emory Hall, Bangor. Musician Carlyle B. Sawtelle, Newburg. Musician Dudley Miles, Oldtown. Wagoner John B. Lowell, Bangor. Wagoner Ozias P. Jackson, Oldtown. Wagoner M. H. Stetson, Oldtown. PRIVATE.S. Isaac C. Brown, Alton; James M. Aiken, Josiah Hinds, Lewis Morri- son, John Murray, Zenas Goodell, Samuel Hall, William S. Laing, Charles M. Donald, Augustus J. Nickerson, Thomas Dana, William Dana, Malcolm W. Long, John Eldridge, jr., Sewall B. Lombard, James McGinnis, Malcolm W. Long, James Murray, Charles H. Stockwell, George A. Doe, Emery Hall, Roscoe L. Greene, Amos M. Spencer, Patrick Dougherty, Dudley Miles, Lemuel K. Arister, Albert L. Chick, Jesse A. Fairbanks, Patrick McCabe, William N. Gillis, Wil- liam L. Seavey, Horace F. Wood, John S. Smith, William H. Pritch- ard, James G. Percival, Bangor; William Bowley, Peter Misson, J. Sewell Pomeroy, Horace Sawyer, Stephen Call, Calvin Carter, Hiram E. Lord, Bradley; Isaac Brown, Ephraim Cunningham, Tristram H. Heard, jr., Algernon S. Miller, Harrison Moore, John Page, Thomas Warren, Burlington; William A. Carpenter, Frederick Tilton, Charleston; Warren N. Dill, Chester; Foster H. Staples, Clifton; Llewellyn Cope- land, Luther Stubbs, Corinna; William J. Guffy, Corinth; John W. Burnham, Moses Cooks, Alexander Edminister, Lemuel P. Edminister, Daniel Edminister, jr. , Joseph N. Edminister, Noah Edminister, Noah W. Edminister, James F. Emery, Foster C. Chase, Eli Cook, Fred A. Cushman, Benjamin H. Monk, Gershom C. Simpson, Charles F. Tas- ker, Thomas B. Hamilton, Charles W. Work, Otis C. Farnham, Clark L. Lakemont, Newell Larrabee, Joseph Littlefield, David H. Morrison, Joseph Peabody, Daniel R, Sawyer, William M. Simpson, Benjamin F. Stevens, Albert S. York, Dixmont; Brainbridge Davis, Frank Sweet, Henry C. Sweet, Russell S. Towle, Eddington; Edward Betham, Jo- seph Burns, George W. Barnes, Levi Merrifield, Enfield; Benjamin F. Davis, Jonathan Dyer, Augustus Eldridge, Etna; George W. Harri- man, Charles F. Staples, Glenburn ; Charles W. Campbell, Arrona W. Douglass, Benjamin F. Folsom, Thomas N. Hill, Hiram M. Lowell, Eleazer .Martin, Franklin Playze, John E. Playze, Harriman Pratt, jr., William H. Pratt, Leonard Richardson, Charles W. Spencer, Green- bush; George Mclntire, Cyrus Maxwell, Hampden; George F. San- bom, John T. Bradbury, Hermon; William Wallace, Holden; Reuben H. Brawn, John H. Emerson. Lewis F. Mason, Bethuel Mason, How- land; Isaac Cunningham, Hudson; Reuben L. Gould, Lewis Smith, Kenduskeag; Riley Weeks, Lagrange; Charles H. Bailey, Michael Gulivan, William P. Hatch, Joseph Nute, Abithar R. Wiggin, Lincoln; Edward Booden, Daniel D. Castigan, Isaac W. Clark, jr., Asa Fogg, James E. Grant, Arthur N. Given, Charles W. Henderson, Abraham T. Kimball, William Kimball, Hiram Knowlton, Abraham Miles, Elbridge Miles, Josiah Miles, John Wharton, Lowell; George W. Brown, Cyrus Emery, Leonard G. Freeman, Jesse B. Lancaster, Rodney Q. Lancas- ter, Robert R. Moulton, Benjamin Thomas, Maxfield; John Dixon, WiUiam W. Johnston, Dennis Newman, Oscar W. Reed, James Sweet- man, Milford; Virgil C. Newcomb, Alonzo Newcomb, Pearl B. Day, Newburg; Elbridge Applebee, Fred W. Johanett, John F. Dix- on, Henry Howard, Newport; Finley Cameron, Alden B. Smith, James Stacy, Robert E. Stacy, William W. Woodbury, Stacyville; George Forrest, Stetson; John C. Averill, Reuben Bryant, Joseph F. Cobb, James H. Cooper, Henry F. Dicker, William E. Dntton, Charles R. Horn, Francis M. Spencer, Alexander WiUey, Stillwater; William R. Averill, Abraham Baker, Ivory Barker, Jeremiah Carson, William C. Gray, Amariah C. Hopkins, George W. Jackson, James Moran, Samuel_ W. Langley, William Quimby, George F. Hopkins, Nelson Stafford, Charies W. Willey, Oldtown; John Estes, Orono; Edward T. Eldridge, Orrington; George W. Morrill, Henry Lancaster, Passadumkeag; Charies E. Blackwell, Carleton Clapp, Augustine Craig, William H. Craig, James W. Fairfield, Nathan W. Jameson, Wyman B. Mor- ■ grage, Daniel Wescott, Patten; Samuel H. Huston, John F. Prescott, Irving F. Richford, Jeremiah Towle, Stephen Towle, David Sawyer, Plymouth; Silas Hathorn, Charies H. Rollins, Veazie; Charle." L. Smart, Whitney Ridge. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. The regiment was organized at Augusta from the 6th to the 31st of December, 1861, to serve three years. They left for Portland, February 27, 1862, where, after a delay of several days, they embarked on board the ship Great Republic, which conveyed them to Ship Island, Mississippi. , From the 19th of May to the 8th of September, they were encamped at Carrollton, Louisiana, and on the nth landed at Pensacola, Florida, where they remained until the 2 1 St of June, 1863, when they left for New Orleans, arriving the next day, and immediately proceeded on a recennoissance to Thibodeaux, during which they cajD- tured a large number of the enemy. They returned to New Orleans on the 25th, and on the 23d of October joined General Banks's expedition to Texas, landing on the island of Brazos Santiago on the 2d of November. On the isth they proceeded towards Mustang Island, where they landed on the i6th, and on the following day formed in line of battle to storm the enemy's works. So completely surprised were the rebels at the appear- ance of the force before their works, that they immedi- ately surrendered. Crossing Aransas Pass to St. Joseph Island, on the morning of the 2 2d, and from thence to Matagorda Island, they held the advance in the expedi- tion against Fort Esperanza, in Matagorda Bay, and ren- dered conspicuous service in the capture of that strong- hold. While at Matagorda Peninsula, where they remained from January 17, 1864, to February 28th, three-fourths of the original members of the regiment re-enlisted for an additional term of three years. On the 28th of February, they left for Algiers, Louisiana, arriving on March 3d; from thence on the 6th proceed- ed to Franklin, Louisiana, where they arrived on the 8th, and were assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. On the 15 th of March, in common with General Banks's forces, they took up the line of march, and on the 8th of April participated in the battle of Pleasant Hill. Early on the* morning of the loth they com- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 125 menced falling back to the Mississippi River, participat- ing in the battles of Cane River Crossing (April 23d) and Mansura Plains (May 16th), in both of which bat- tles they were subjected to a heavy artillery fire, meeting, however, with no casualties, and arrived at Morganza on the 20th of May. During the month of June they were ordered to New Orleans; took transports July 5th for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where, after arrival, six companies were ordered to Bermuda Hundred, the remaining companies partici- pating in the campaign up the valley, in pursuit of Ear- ly's raiders. The command was re-united at Monocacy Junction, Maryland, August 4th. The regiment having almost unanimously re-enlisted as veterans on the 25th of January, 1864, without receiving its veteran furlough at that time, received a furlough of thirty-five days, August loth, proceeded to Augusta, Maine, and returned to the field September 27 th. Early in October the regiment left Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and proceeded to Martinsburg, where they remained until the 7th of January, 1865. The original members of the regiment, who had not re-enlisted and whose term of service had expired, were mustered out of the United States service, January 18, 1865, by Cap- tain James F. Fitts, Commissary of Musters, Nineteenth Army Corps, but the large number of re-enlisted men and recruits whose term of service had not expired, together with a number of volunteers, drafted men, and substitutes, forwarded from Camp Berry, Portland, Maine, were sufficient to reorganize the regiment. On the igth of April they were ordered to Washing- ton, District of Columbia, and encamped at Tenally- town until the 31st of May, when they embarked for Savannah, Georgia, arriving on the 4th of June. On the 13th of June they again embarked on board transports and proceeded to Georgetown, South Carolina, where the regiment was assigned to the Third separate brigade. Department of South Carolina. They remained in that department engaged in guard and patrol duty until the 5th of July, 1866, when they were mustered out of the United States service, at Charleston, South Carolina, by Major Leslie Smith, (Commissary of Musters, Depart- ment of the Carolinas, in accordance with telegraphic instructions from the War Department, dated May i8th, 1866, after which they proceeded to New York, where the men were paid and finally discharged. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Quartermaster Sergeant Henry A. Whitney, Orono. Commissary Sergeant Fred W. Elder, Dexter. Hospital Steward Charles P. Storer, Dexter. Drum Major John Gould, Bangor. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joseph A. Clark, Garland, Co. C. Captain John B. Wilson, Exeter, Co. H. Captain John B. Nickels, Corinth, Co. H. Captain Alonzo Coan, Exeter, Co. H. Captain Michael Boyce, Bangor, Co. I. Captain William H. Boyce, Bangor, Co. I. Captain Michael Boyce, Bangor, Co. K. First Lieutenant John B. Nickels, Corinth, Co. H. First Lieutenant Thomas H. Wentworth, Corinth, Co. H. First Lieutenant William H. Carr, Garland, Co. H. First Lieutenant William H. Boyce, Bangor, Co. I. First Lieutenant Alonzo Coan, Exeter, Co. K. Second Lieutenant Harrison G. Prescott, Exeter, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Thomas H. Wentworth, Corinth, Co. H. Second Lieutenant Alonzo Coan, Exeter, Co. H. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICF.RS. First Sergeant Otis Gilmore, Bangor. First Sergeant Alonzo Coan, Exeter. First Sergeant George Smith, Garland. First Sergeant Benjamin True, Garland. Sergeant James F. Doyle, Bangor. Sergeant Martin Sweeney, Bangor. Sergeant Robert Wilson, Bangor. Sergeant Thomas H. Wentworth, Corinth. Sergeant Rinaldo Butters, Exeter. Sergeant Horace Mayo, Exeter. Sergeant John L. Russell, Exeter. Sergeant Joseph A. Clark, Garland. Sergeant William Mansfield, Garland. Sergeant Joseph W. Skillin, Garland. Sergeant Giles Straw, Garland. Sergeant Luther V. Gilmore, Holden. Sergeant Otis Gilmore, Holden. Sergeant Charles F. Jordan, Oldtown. Sergeant Henry A. Whitney, Orono. Corporal Michael Harrington, Bangor. Corporal Roderick McNeil, Bangor. Corporal Andrew Cavanah, Bangor. Corporal William Chaplin, Bangor. Corporal Joshua L. Tebbitts, Bangor. Corporal James Garrity, Brewer. Corporal Henry W. Gay, Charleston. Corporal Evander O. Curtis, Corinth. Corporal Jasper J. Fisher, Corinth. Corporal Chesley Shaw, Corinna. Corporal John L. Russell, Exeter. Corporal Joshua Gammon, Exeter. Corporal Byron Libby, Exeter. Corporal Franklin B. Trickey, Exeter. Corporal William H. Carr, Garland. Corporal Joseph A. Clark, Garland. Corporal William Mansfield, Garland. Corporal Joseph W. Skillin, Garland. Corporal George Smith, Garland. Corporal Giles Straw, Garland. Corporal Luther V. Gilmore, Holden. Corporal Lorenzo D. Page, Kenduskeag. Corporal Seth Salter, Oldtown. Corporal Alfred Marshall, Springfield. Corporal Charles H. Carpenter, Stetson. Corporal Joseph Davis, Veazie. Musician George H. Ferguson, Stetson. Wagoner Darius W. Bump, Bradford. Wagoner Benjamin T. Hubbard, Garland. PRIVATES. Edward Cyr, Melville Crawford, Philip Langlair, Alton ; James Brennan, Michael Battles, John Campbell, James Campbell, Richard Cooper, Richard Donald, Joseph Dailey, John Donroe, Patrick Gavin, Martin Higgins, Patrick Jordan, John Kelley, James Logan, Charles Murry, John McKenney, Michael O'SuIlivan, Henry H. Howe, Frank Howe, Patrick Powers, Charles V. Gray, James Mishoe, Samuel Mil- ler, James St. Pierre, John C. Williams, Michael Boyce, Mark W. Crocker, George Forrest, Hugh Miller, Joseph W. Williams, William H. Boyce, James H. Duffy, Alexander Belonger, George W. Dean, Aaron Getchell, Lucius W. Gilbert, Alexander Niven, George H. Rand, Henry Young, Benjamin G. Young, John L. Bonney, Robert Clark, John Rutledge, Hugh Rutledge, Thomas Hamilton, James Hunter, Moses E. Brown, Wellington D. Hunton, Cornelius Mahoney, Michael Quigley, William S. Smith, James Sweeney, Thomas Smith, Patrick Somers, Patrick Stone, Michael Shanghussey, Nelson Wiltshin, Bangor; Joseph Cyr, Joseph G. Smith, Benjamin F. Ballard, James M. Colley, WiUiam Farring, Bradley; John Young, John H. French, James A. Garland, John Lamphier, Almon Strout, John T. Baker, Benjamin F. Bowlings, Bradford ; John Hanlon, Elias Thayer, George Webster, Elisha Bedell, Edwin B. Bates, James Russell, Charles E. Brown! William Bartram, George A. Smart, Calvin G. Roberts, Henry Dick- 126 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, enson, Brewer; James G. Crawford, James G. Buswell, George A. Buck, Henry Tapley, George B. Webber, Carmel ; John Kearney, James A. Ballard, Alexander S. Davis, Eugene S. Joselyn, Daniel B. Butler, Gershom L. Butler, Stephen W. Girrell, Leonard Jelli- son, James Noble, David A. Page, Charleston; Almon Clark, Alexander Henley, George G. Pierce, Alphonso L. Ober, William White, George B. Webber, James Ballard, Martin Boyle, Newell J. Bradley, Allan R. Hunting, John D. Hunting, John H. Megguire, Frank P. Roundy, John C. Sweet, John Walker, Corinth ; Ansel Han- nan, John H. Maines, Corinna; Charles C. Daniels, Fred W. Elder, Charles P. Storer, Dexter ; Ira T. Penney, Eddington ; Samuel A. Pres- cott, Joel A. Friend, George W. Sylvester, Etna; Alexander Eraser, Henry W.Russell, John Souse, Wm. Willard, Joshua L. Lowell, Charles F. Dear- born, George W. Gammon, Charles W. Greely, Jeremiah R. Leathers, John C. Libby, George T. Marsh, Horace L Neal, Samuel Robshaw, Asa M. Stevens, Leander M. Tibbetts, Melvin Tibbetts, Exeter; James Doyle, BartlettC. White, Greenfield; Robert T. French, AsaH. Hath- away, Dennis Griffin, HoUis Mansfield, Austin Ramsdell, Isaac Little- field, Seth R. Doan, HenryJ. Brown, J edediah Cole, Stephen R. Cann, Isaac R. Fall, Peleg Fogg, Samuel Goodwin, Frederic Haskell, Benjamin C. Hatch, Newry Ramsdell, Garland; William H. McGrine, Samuel Hutchinson, Henry Pettengill, Ambrose F. Tyler, Frank Page, LubinP. Higgins, John Vassure, Calvin Raynes, Glenburn ; George B. Candage, SamuelV. Hartford, Hampden; Charles A. Trask, Holden;James Cham- berlain, Josiah M. Goodwin, Eben Robbins, Warren N. Harriman, Gustavus V. Wilson, Oliver S. Barker, James Chamberlain, jr., Oscar Coombs, Warren Robbins, Hudson ; Albert Brown, Daniel Clement, Abner F. Clement, Simeon R. Roberts, Henry J. Hussey, Charles O. Turner, Kenduskeag ; Daniel S. Delano, Lee ; Jacob Eldridge, George Englehardt, George E. Turner, David Mcintosh, Levant ; Alfred Hastings, Jeremy Dupont, James Kearney, Erastus Adams, jr., Jefferson Bowden, George L. Thompsoq, Lincoln ; John Sutter, Mil- ford, John H. Allen, Newburg ; William Williams, Newport ; Luther F. Quimby, Chester S. Mansell, Stephen Burtsell, James M. Phelps, George H. Troombly, James Burnham, William Stuart, Andrew J. Waltz, William Vancour, Oldtown; Seth A. Colburn, Fred F. Bond, Daniel Peavy, William Butler, George W. Hall, Orono ; James A. Sutter, Fred W. Wichman, Thomas Noble, Orrington ; Jeremiah Farewell, Patten ; Moses Miller, Mattawamkeag ; Calvin Cooper, Owen Tobin, Plymouth ; Charles E. Lewis, Springfield ; John P. Abbott, Richard H. Daniels, James W. Keyes, Sherman Boobar, Henry Lang- ley, Albion K. P. Moore, John McKenney, Stetson; Charles Giddes, Veazie ; William F. Jenkins, Horatio Jenkins, Woodville ; Willard G. Wilcox, Winn. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, August 14, 1862, to serve three years. Left for Washing- ton on the 19th and there remained encamped until the 7th of September, when, having been assigned to Taylor's Brigade of Hooker's Corps, they proceeded to Frederick, Maryland, and from thence to Rappahannock Station, Virginia. While there they were transferred to Duryea's Brigade of Reynold's Corps, and on the 23d arrived at Brooks' Station on the Acquia Creek & Falmouth railroad. On the 13th of December they took an honorable part in the battle of Fredericksburg, losing in killed, wounded and missing 226 men — nearly fifty per cent, of their number engaged. On the 14th they re-crossed the Rappahannock river, and encamped near Fletcher's Chapel, where they remained until the 28th of April, 1863, when they took part in the Chan- cellorsville campaign, and were in jDosition on the ex- treme left of the army, at Fitz Hugh's Crossing, three miles below Fredericksburgh, until the 2d of May, on which day they marched to the extreme right at Chan- cellorsville, and on the 5 th re-crossed the river, encamp- ing near White Oak Church. On the i2th of June they proceeded towards Pennsyl- vania, arrived at Gettysburg on the ist of July, and then were engaged with the enemy every day until the 4th. At the close of the 4th, all that remained for duty of 248, officers and men, who entered the engagement on the ist, were 2 officers and 15 enlisted men. This remnant of the regiment participated in the pursuit of the enemy, reached Rappahannock Station on the morning of the 26th, and there remained encamped until the ist of August. They afterwards participated in the movement to the Rapidan, retreating from the latter place, with the army, on the 9th of October. They also participated in the movements against the enemy at Mine Run, and on the 30th of November formed a part of the charging column intended to storm the enemy's works, but the orders being countermanded, they returned to Kellys Ford on the 3d of December, thence on the 24th proceeded to Mitchells Station, where they remained encamped until April 26, 1864. On the 4th of May they crossed the Rapidan at Ger- mania Ford, and bivouacked near Wilderness Church. On the sth, 6th and 7th they engaged the enemy at that place, and on the 8th participated in a charge on the enemy's lines at Spottsylvania Court House. Their loss in killed, wounded and missing was nearly one hundred- men On the loth they participated in the charge upon the enemy's lines at Laurel Hill, and lost 50 men, killed and wounded. On the 23d they crossed the North Anna river, at Jer- icho Ford, and then took part in the engagement which occurred there. On the 24th they occupied and de- stroyed the railroad, remaining in that vicinity until the 26th, when they re-crossed the river and proceeded to Mangohick; thence, on the 28th, down the Pamunky river to Hanovertown, where they formed in line of battle and erected breastworks. On the 30th, they reported to General Lockwood, and took position near Bethesda Church, where they remained, engaged in skirmishing and throwing up entrenchments, until the Sth of June. On the 1 6th they crossed the James river, and advanced to near Petersburg. On the 17th, they supported the Ninth Army Corps; participated in an assault on the enemy's works, which was partially successful, and gained possession of the Norfolk railroad. On the i8th of August they took an active part in the attack and cap- ture of the Weldon Railroad, losing a number of officers and enlisted men taken prisoners, and thirty wounded. They remained in position at the "Yellow House" until the 25th, when, with their division, they were withdrawn to the rear as a reserve. On the I sth of September they made a successful re- connoissance in the direction of the South Side Railroad; and on the i6th were assigned to garrison Fort Wads- worth, on the Weldon Railroad, which they occupied till the 5th of December, when they moved to the Jerusalem Plank Road. In the meanwhile the Second Company of Unassigned Infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, September 23, 1864, to serve one year, joined the regi- ment, and was assigned as Company A. On the 7th of December they formed a part of the expedition to the Weldon Railroad and participated in its destruction, re- turning to their position near the Jerusalem Plank Road HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 127 on the 1 2th, and there remained, performing the usual routine of camp duty, until the sth of February, 1865. On the 6th and 7th of February they participated in an engagement near Hatchers Run, losing 3 men killed, 60 wounded, and 11 missing, and returned to their camp near the Weldon Railroad on the nth. On the 31st of March they participated in the battle of Gravelly Run, losing i man killed, 4 wounded, and 24 missing, and on the ist of April in the capture of the enemy's works near the South Side Railroad, their casualties in the latter engagement being 1 man killed and 12 wounded. On the 2d of April they joined in the pursuit of Lee's forces to Appomattox Court House, where they remained until the 15th, when they proceeded towards Manchester. They remained at Manchester until ' May 6th, and on that day left for Washington, District of Columbia, where they remained encamped at Balls Cross Road until June 5th, when in compliance with orders from the War Department, the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Captain Walter F. Chesley, Assistant Commissary of Musters, and on the 6th of June placed en route for the State Rendezvous, at Augusta, Maine, where the men were paid and finally discharged. The officers and men whose term of service did not expire prior to October i, 1865, were transferred to the Twentieth Maine Volun- teers. FIELD OFFICERS. Lieutenant-Colonel Augustus B. Farnham , Bangor. Major Augustus B. Farnham, Bangor. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. Freeman Brackett, Marcus D. Kingsbury, Richard Soule, Bradford; Hugh Conway, Hampden; James Fahey, David D. Hanson, Milton W. Ricker, George Hart, Bangor; Willard Lancaster, Hudson; James Lattaie, Mattamiscontis; Austin Poor, Patten; ]ames S. Kyle, Chester; James Leavitt, I^incoln. COMPANY B. PRIVATES. George A. Bagley, Henry Mansfield, Greenbush; Byron B. Brown, Joseph H. Survey, Alden Hackett, Patten; Zebulon Whittaker, Clifton; Gilman Lawrence, Newport; Asa C. Lampher, Bradford; Wiliiani B. Monroe, Greenfield; Frank B. Miller, Orono; Charles L. Peasley, En- field; Joseph Wilson, Hudson; Peter Bull, Charles and Walter R. Chamberlain, Leonard H. Clapp, Stillman P. Davis, Alson L. Day, Cyrus Emery, Abner E. Hall, James and William D. Kelley, Joseph E. Pell Williams, Bangor; John B. Crockett, Cyrus W. Emerson, Stetson; Alpheus Downs, John Don- ovan, Benjamin Eddy, Kenduskeag; Thomas J. Chase, Carmel; Wil- lard E. Campbell, Clifton; John H. Davis, Orono; Charles Dearborn, Veazie; William T. Fletcher, Greenbush; Mark W. J'urbush, James M.Mitchell, Bradford; James P. Flagg, Stephen Richards, Oldtown; Edward Gilkey, Holden. COMPANY D. PRIVATES. Joshua L. Farrar, Ellis A. Oilman, Corinth; Sylvester Bumpus, Lee; Marshall A. Grant, Hermon; Albert Grant, Hudson; Moses Goss, Gorham P. Hubbard, Charleston; Lincoln Given, Brewer; Samuel S. Gilpatrick, Veazie; Martin A. Hardy, Carmel; Greenlief Haney, Ken- duskeag; Thomas B. Hamilton, Bethuel Heath, James H. Thompson, Bangor; Edward L. Hunt, Oldtown. COMPANY E. PRIVATE.S. Nelson Hart, William L. Hodsdon, John F. Johnston, William Land, Charles E. Lord, Robert McGregor, Thomas M. Blake, Eliphalet Emery, Isaac W. Sanborn, Bangor; Thomas D. Jordan, Ezra Mitchell, Old- town; Tobias E. Johnson, Veazie; John A. Joselyn, Exeter; George W. Kiaser, Hudson; Charles Kimball, Carmel; John W. Kingsbury, Bradford; William A. Langley, Stetson. COMPANY F. PRIVATE.S. Edward Allen, Frank Davis, Bangor; Archibald McPhetres, D. Merrifield, George H. Thompson, Orono; Patrick McOvery, Charles- ton; John McPherson, Carmel; Nathan L. Marden, Veazie; Augustus A. McClure, Samuel J. Lee, Hudson; Richard E. Myrick, Mt. Chase; Charles O. Perry, Brewer; Charles H. Tuck, Lee. COMPANY G. PRIVATES. Alden M. Brown, Plymouth; William H. Curtis, De.xter; Randall N. Cochran, Jethro S. Getchell, William Perkins, Thomas Patten, Charles Randlett, John Robinson, Wilham Ritchie, Thomas W. Bill- ings, Warren Sturdivant, Bangor; Benjamin Estes, David Legrow, Orono; Clifton C. Huckins, Charleston; Joseph A. Merrill, William G. Peake, Alton; George Ordway, Exeter; Isaac H. Philbrook, Green- field; Ichabod F. Partridge, Samuel Raynes, Carmel; A. H. Quimby, John G. Hammons, Etna; Calvin H. Rowe, Bradford; Alonzo E. Randall, Dixmont; Moses McPheters, Greenbush; George R. Sibley, Enfield, COMPANY H. PRIVATES. Carrol G. Bickford, John Carrigan, Moses L. Strickland, Bangor; Asbrey F. Haynes, Benjamin F. Welch, Passadumkeag; Moses Ranney, jr.. Stetson; Roswell W. Rich, Exeter; Willis A. Rollins, Corinth; Jeremiah Smith, Mattawamkeag; Charles L. Sanford, Brad- ford; Newell Scribner, Charleston; Charles Stoneman, Alton; David Southard, Thomas Benjamin, Bradford; Joseph H. Shapleigh, Veazie; HoUis B. Spaulding, Oldtown; George H. Thompson, Orono; Dennis Higgins, Hampden; Benjamin Kimball, Royal M. Kneeland, Frank Paul, Lincoln; Edward York, Corinth. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Stephen Silk, Frederick A. McKenney, Martin Welch, Bangor; Asa F. Smith, William Thomas, Veazie; Amos B. Stearns, Timothy Whit- ney, Hudson; Daniel W. Sylvester, Albion Stevens, Joseph Souther, Stetson; Samuel- E. Stone, Lewis P. Hambert, Brewer; Levi C. Tilus, Exeter; Isaac L. Twombly, Milford; John Sawyer, Hampden; Joseph O. Turner, Lincoln; Daniel Washburn, Oldtown; Lyman F. White, Bradford. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain James O. Thompson, Etna. PRIVATES. Eleazer Hutchinson, Orrison Ripley, Lincoln ; Nathaniel F. Lambert, Hudson; James O. Thompson, Etna. NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Bath, Maine, August 25, 1862, to serve three years, and left on the 27th for Washington, arriving in that city on the 29th. They crossed to the Virginia side of the river and were as. signed to garrisoning Forts Baker, Davis, Dupont, and Mahan, where they remained until the latter part of Sep" tember, when they marched to Frederick, Maryland, which place they left October 3d, for Harper's Ferry, where they were attached to Gorman's Brigade, in How- ard's Division. During a successful reconnoissance in force October 1 6th, to Charleston, they were tor the first time under fire, and acted creditably. On their return they went to Bolivar Heights. On November 23d they were encamped about five miles from Fredericksburg, and on December 1 3th partici- pated in the battle at that place. On the isth they re- crossed the river and went into camp near Falmouth, where they remained until the close of April, 1863. On the 27th of April, with their division, they were or- dered to co-operate with General Sedgwick in the attack upon the heights of Fredericksburg, and were assigned the duty of guarding the telegraphic communication be- tween the left wing of the army and General Hooker's headquarters, in which position they remained until May 3d, when they were ordered to Fredericksburg, and on the 5th removed the jDontoon bridge at that place, under a severe fire from the enemy. On the ist of July they arrived at Gettysburg and on the 2d and 3d were hotly engaged with the enemy. They went into action with 440 oflScers and men, and their loss during the two days was 12 officers and 220 enlisted men killed and wounded. Subsequently they crossed into Virginia by way of Harper's Ferry, ]and on the 13th of September co-operated with General Gregg's cavalry across the Rappahannock, compelling the enemy to fall back beyond Culpeper. They remained on duty on the Rapidan until October 8th, when they returned to Culjjeper, and on the 12th engaged the enemy at Bristow Station, losing man killed and 13 wounded. November 26th they joined in the movement to "Mine Run," and on the 6th of December went into camp at Stevensburg, where they remained until May 3, 1864. On May 4th they crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and on the 5th and 6th were engaged with the enemy at Todd's Tavern and at the Wilderness. Their loss in the several engagements was very severe. On May loth they formed a portion of a column which twice assaulted the enemy's position across the Po River, and on the 1 2th participated in the famous assault of the Second Corps. On the 24th they were engaged with the enemy at the North Anna river, crossed the Pamunkey river on the morning of the 28th, and on the ist of June participated in the engagement near Bethesda Church. On the 3d they stormed the enemy's works at Cold Har- bor and lay under a galling fire all day. On the 13th of June they proceeded towards Petersburg, went into position in front of that city on the iSth, formed the extreme right of the assaulting column on the i8th, and afterwards particijjated in the attack upon the enemy's inner line of works. On the 2 2d of June they partici- pated in the engagement near the Jerusalem Plank Road, 130 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. during which their casualties were numerous and many being prisoners. On the 26th of July they joined in the movement to Deep Bottom, engaged the enemy at that place, and returned in front of Petersburg on the 30th, where they remained encamped until the 15th of August, when they again proceeded to Deep Bottom, returning on the 2ist. On the 23d they proceeded to Ream's Station, and on the following day were engaged in the destruction of the Weldon Railroad. On the 2Sth they were engaged with the enemy and returned to Petersburg on the 26th. Their loss in this engagement was heavy. On the 20th of September they moved into the line in the immediate front of Petersburg, where they were exposed to the fire of artillery and sharpshooters day and night until the 26th of October, when they marched across the Weldon Railroad, and on the 27th participated in the engagements at Hatcher's Run and near the Boydton Plank Road. On the 3Tst of October they occupied Fort Haskell, in the front line, exposed as before to the continued fire of artillery and sharpshooters, and remained there un- til the 30th of November. On that day they moved to near Patrick Station, the terminus of the Grant Railroad, and went into winter quarters. The regiment left camp May 3, 1864, with 22 officers and 468 enlisted men. Of the 277 men transferred, June i8th, from the Fourth Maine Volunteers, there were in the field, 57 men. A new company, the Fifth of Unassigned Infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, October 5, 1864, to serve one, two, and three years, joined the regiment, October 2 2d, with 3 officers and 64 enlisted men; making a total of 25 officers and 589 en- listed men. The casualties during the year 1864 were as follows: Killed in action, 61 men; wounded and died of wounds, I officer, 39 men; wounded exclusive of those died of wounds, 16 officers, 283 men; taken pris- oners by the enemy, i officer, 133 men. On the ist of January, 1865, the regiment was en- camped in front of Fort Emory, near Petersburg, Vir- ginia, and remained there until February 5th, when, with their division, they joined in the movement to Hatchers Run, and there remained encamped until the 29th of March. On that day they marched out on the Vaughan road and made a successful reconnoissance to Dabney's Mills, which position they occupied without opposition. On the 30th and 31st of March they were engaged with the enemy at Fort Powell, which they entered on the 2d of April, and afterwards joined in the pursuit of Lee's forces, overtaking them near Amelia Court House on the 6th of_ April and pursuing them all day. On the 7th of April they had a spirited engagement with the enemy at High Bridge on the Lynchburg Railroad, and saved from destruction the railroad and foot bridges across the stream. On the 2d of May they left Burksville for Washington, District of Columbia, and encamped at Baileys Cross Roads on the 15th. In obedience to orders, the regiment was there mus- tered out of the United States service. May 31st, by Captain H. Y. Russell, Assistant Commissary of Musters. The officers and men whose term of service did not ex- pire prior to October ist, 1865, were transferred to the First Regiment Maine Heavy Artillery. The regiment left camp for home June ist; arrived on the 4th, at Augusta, Maine, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 7th. STAFF OFFICERS. Assistant Surgeon Fred G. Parker, Stetson. Hospital Steward Delon H. Abbott, Orono. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. Henry H. Lancaster, Stetson; Richard Allum, Bangor; Jeremiah Avery, Greenfield; George Biker, Glenburn; William Babcock, New- burg. COMPANY B. PRIVATES. Edgar S. Balchelder, Garland; William P. Howe, Charles F. Jewell, Dixmont; David King, Jason S. Russell, Benjamin F. Call, Abijah M. Clay, George Drake, Judson Dexter, David Estes, John Elden, George W. Field, Ezabulon Robinson, Bangor; Charles H. Prescott, Edwin Smith, Albert Staples, Newburg; Sylvanus C. Rose, Bradley; William T. Smith, Hampden. COMPANY C. William H. Ames, Plymouth; James H. Flanders, Garland; David E. Cunningham, Bradford; Charles A. Rowes, Eddington; Don Car- los St. Clair, Brewer; Alney W. Titus, Dexter; William M. White, David Hewy, Moses H. Hubbard, Samuel B. Lamb, Bangor. COMPANY D. PRIVATES. William F. Moody, James Redikin, Bangor; Emery A. McAllister, Milford. COMPANY E. PRIVATES. Sewall B. Blake, Dexter; Reuben Knowles, jr. .Joseph March, Win- field; S. Treat, David Howey, Moses H. Hubbard, Ernest Merton, Bangor; Simon H. Willey, Exeter; Kingsbury Tibbetts, Springfield; Isaac L. Sanborn, Newport. COMPANY F. PRIVATES. Charles F. Clark, William Howard, Bangor; Timothy Murphy, Orono; Frank A. Curtis, Horatio N. Washburn, Bangor; Luther Wheaton, Joshua B. Whitney, Greenbush. COMPANY 0. PRIVATES. Orrin Bridges, Alonzo Cummings, Cornelius Cannody, James S. Spencer, Richard Allum, Bangor; Jeremiah Towle, Enfield; Elisha P. Smith, Chester; Mellen Eastman, Charleston; Henry Crosby, Hamp- den; George Biher, Glenburn, COMPANY H. PRIVATES. James Wyman, Hermon; Columbus G. Bradford, Byron G. Waters, Patten; Frank Fields, Charles B. Whitney, Levi M. Reed, Lee; Ben- jamin F. Leavitt, Levant; John McLaughlin, Springfield; George A. Rines, Charles Rose, George Cox, Bangor; Stephen H. Merrow, Old- town. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Joseph Broadway, Orono; Andrew J. Miles, Elijah Ware, John B. Walker, Oldtown; John H. Sanders, Lincoln; William H. Sperrin, Milford; Edwin Savage, Chester; Alfred B. Towle, Lagrange; Lyroan P. Fowles, Edgar A. Stanley, Edward E. Kent, Brewer; Frank Flye, John H. Saunders, Bangor; Theodore M. Wragg, Lowell; Edward York, Hermon. COMPANY K. James H. Knights, Albert G. Rand, Bangor; Charles M. Dorrity, Corinth; Charles B. Flinn, Levant; Charles Holmes, Willis M. Porter, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 131 James Smith, Oldtown; Josiah H. Porter, Elisha Simpson, John Simpson, Bradford; Newell B. Tilton, Etna; Amos M, Page, Kendus- keag; Solomon T. Trott, Amos C. Trott, Winn. TWENTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Portland, Maine, August 29, 1862, to serve three years. Left September 3d, for Boston, whence they sailed in the steamer Mer- rimac for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving on the 6th, and proceeding the next day to Washington, where they went into camp near the arsenal grounds. In a few days they marched rapidly toward the field of active opera- tions in Maryland, until they reached the battlefield of Antietam, and were drawn up in line of battle, but not ordered forward, being a portion of Butterfield's Brigade, of Porter's Division, which was held in reserve. They afterwards encamped near Antietam Ford. At the battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of De- cember, they were under fire for the first time, and rendered conspicuous service, being under the hottest fire for thirty-six hours, after which they were withdrawn to the city, where they bivouacked a few hours, then re- crossed the river and encamped near Falmouth, where they remained until the battle of Chancellorsville, in May, 1863. During the battle of Chancellorsville they were detached to guard the telegraph line, and although exposed to artillery fire, suffered no loss. On the 20th of May they joined in the movement towards Pennsyl- vania, engaged the enemy near Middleborough, Virginia, on the 2ist of June, and after a sharp fight drove them to Upperville, losing in the engagement r man killed and 8 wounded. They arrived on the battlefield of Gettys- burg on the 2d of July, and on that day were hotly en- gaged with the enemy, losing 3 commissioned officers killed and 134 enlisted men killed and wounded. On the 3d they were under heavy fire of artillery, but took no active part, and on the 5 th joined in the pursuit of the enemy; participated in a skirmish on the Sharpsburg Pike, on the loth, and took part in the affair at Wapping Heights on the 23d. Returning from Manassas Gap, they encamped at Warrenton and Beverly Ford until the i6th of September, when they moved beyond Cul- peper. On the loth of October they participated in the movement to the Rapidan, retreating the next day through Culpeper, across the Rappahannock river, and supported the Second Corps in the engagement at Bris- tow Station, on the 13th. On the 7th of November they took part in the assault and capture of the enemy's works at Rappahannock Station, losing i man killed and 7 wounded, and after- wards moved across the river at Kelleys Ford. On the 28th they joined in the movement to the Rapidan, where they were in position before the enemy's works until De- cember 3d, when they formed the rear guard of their corps on the retreat from that place, and on the next day ' went into camp near Rappahannock Station, Virginia. They remained in winter quarters at Rappahannock Sta- tion until May i, 1864. On the 4th of May they crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford, and on the fol- lowing day were hotly engaged with the enemy on the left of Locust Grove Road, with a loss of i officer and 10 men killed, 58 men wounded, and 16 missing. On the 6th of May they remained in line of battle in front of the works, losing 2 men killed and 10 wounded. On the 7th they advanced upon the enemy's line to ascer- tain his position and force, and were withdrawn after a loss of 2 officers killed and i wounded, and 2 enlisted men killed and 10 wounded. On the 8th they proceeded to Spottsylvania Court House, and formed in line of bat- tle at Laurel Hill. They were then ordered to report to General Crawford, commanding Second Division, Fifth Corps; advanced toward the enemy, and lay under a heavy fire until 6 p. m., when they assisted in repelling the enemy's charge, losing i officer and 5 men killed, 2 officers and 13 men wounded, and 2 men missing. From the 13th to the 20th they occupied rifle pits in front of the enemy near Spottsylvania, and lost 4 men killed. On the 23d they crossed the North Anna river, and participated in the action at that place; thence pushed on to the Virginia Central Railroad, a part of which they destroyed. On the 30th they advanced towards Hanover Court House, skirmishing with the enemy and forcing him back during the entire day. Fighting being renewed on the 3d of June, they again engaged the enemy and assisted in compelling them to fall back to the rear of a swamp to a second hne of works, losing 2 enlisted men killed, I officer and 23 men wounded, and i missing. On the 13th they crossed the Chickahominy, and arrived in front of Petersburg on the i8th, where they remained en- trenched and under fire until August 15th, when they were withdrawn, and on the i8th assisted in the capture of the Weldon Railroad. They remained on the Weldon Rail- road until September 30th, when they moved with their division and charged the enemy's works at Peeble's Farm, across an open field, under a terrible fire of musketry and canister. They afterwards assisted in checking the enemy's advance, and held their ground. Their loss in these actions was i officer and 6 men killed, and 50 men wounded. On the 2d of October they moved to the front and threw up earthworks, where they remained until October 27th, when they took part in a reconnoissance to Hatchers Run, losing i man killed and 2 wounded. Afterwards returned to their former position and remained building forts, strengthening works, etc., until December 6th. On the 7th they joined the expedition to the Weldon Rail- road, which they struck at a point between Stony Creek and Jarrett's Depot, and assisted in the destruction of about twenty miles of this road; then returned and went into camp near the Jerusalem Plank Road, where they re- mained until February 5, 1865, when they moved to Hatchers Run and took part in the action at that place on the 6th, with but slight loss. They remained in camp at that place until the 29th of March, when they moved across the run and supported General Chamberlain's Brigade in the action on the Quaker Road. The follow- ing day skirmished with the enemy and gained posses- sion of the Boydton Road. On the 31st they were en- gaged in the action at Gravelly Run, and on the ist of April at Five Forks. At the latter place they were one 132 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of the first to gain the works of the enemy, where they captured one battle flag and a large number of prisoners. They afterwards joined in the pursuit of the enemy and came up with them on the 8th at Appomattox Court House. At the time of the surrender of the rebel army the regiment was skirmishing with the enemy, and at the completion of the terms of surrender, was one of the regiments designated to receive the rebel arras. On the 15 th they proceeded towards Washington, where they arrived on the 12 th of May. On the 5th of June the enlisted men whose terms of service expired prior to October i, 1865, were mustered out and most of the officers discharged. Subsequently the raen.remaining of the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers and the First Regiment of Sharpshooters, were consoli- dated with the Twentieth, and the regiment thus re-organ- ized remained in service until July 16, 1865, when it was mustered out of the United States service near Washing- ton, District of Columbia, by Captain Charles F. Sawyer, Assistant Commissary of Musters, Third Division, Provi- sional Corps, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. They arrived at Portland, Maine, on the 20th, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 2Sth. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. Major Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor. Surgeon J ohn Benson, Newport. Assistant Surgeon Charles G. Stevens, Bangor. Chaplain Luther P. French, Corinth. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. Robert T. Atherton, William A. Estes, Frank L. Grindle, Joseph Grindle, Charles H. Hodgkins, Ezra B. Marden, Augustus McLaugh- lin, Joseph S. Robinson, Henry A. Scribner, Benjamin W. Tapley, George W. Young, Bangor; Martin S. Bodwell, John E. Luddon, William H. Higgins, William C. Hanson, George H. Perry, Lincoln ; Thomas Daugherty, Passadumkeag; Abner L. Hanscomb, William Sprague, Lee; George E. S. Hutchins, Carmel ; Franklin Lawry, Charleston ; William R. Ladd, Franklin Ramsdell, Garland ; Charles R.Oliver, Carroll; Henry Pickard, Hampden; Edward R. Sanborn, Lagrange , Robert Tibbetts, Springfield. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Royal B. Decker, Lagrange. Second Lieutenant Royal 3. Decker, Lagrange. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal George H. Moulton, Lagrange. PRIVATES. Edward K. Carver, Royal B. Decker, Alhanan L Dyer, Daniel Hanscomb, Seth H. Libbey, Edmund R. Sanborn, William S. San- born, Wilson A. Decker, Lagrange; William L. Frees, Maxfield; Harrison Goding, Bangor; August N. Lufkin, Charles E. Bowker, Orrington; John F. Chiford, Hermon ; William A. Drake, Chelsea; Sewall Douglass, Veazie ; Charles A. Elliott, Kenduskeag ; Joseph W. Grenier, Alfred R. Gray, Theophilus E. Smith, Brewer ; William Hus- sey, Dixmont; John C. Hinkley, jr., Oldtown ; Alphonso H. Mitchell, Isaiah Strout, Francis A. Strout, Corinth ; James Sharrett, Mat- tawamkeag. COMPANY C. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Vincent W. Pinhorn, Orrington. PRIVATES. Henry A. Carpenter, Charleston ; Samuel F. Mallett, Lee ; Waldo P. Odlin, David H. Royal, John Healey, Benjamin Labrose, Samuel J. Nichols, William Shaw, Bangor; John H. Wentworth, Veazic; James W. Collins, Allen Harmon, Winn ; Charles H. Folsom, New- burg ; Lyman E. Gould, Dixmont ; William M. Hooper, Dexter ; Charles H. Haskell, Greenfield ; Rufus L. Jones, Carmel ; William R. Prescott, Corinth. COMPANY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Isaac W. Haskell, Garland. First Lieutenant Edward B. Fifield, Dexter. , NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Louis Gould, Dexter. Sergeant George W. Card, Dexter. Sergeant Jonathan G, Johnson, Garland. Corporal Benjamin P. Parker, Dexter. Corporal Alonzo M. Fogg, Garland. Corporal John M. Safford, Corinna. Corporal Luther M. Rideout, Garland. Corporal John S. Stevens, Exeter. Corporal Albert J. Swanton, Dexter. Corporal Michael Shay, Bangor. Corporal John Lynes, jr. , Bangor. Wagoner Ebenezer S. Allen, Garland. Wagoner Dennis S. Pullen, Dexter. PRIVATES. George E. Atkins, Garland; Daniel A. Bosworth, Arthur A. Berrey, Bezehel W. Burnham, Henry A. Chamberlain, Elisha S. Coan, George W. Jones, Sumner Knox, Warren C. Leighton, Christopher Penning- ton, Seth Ramsdell, Job Ramsdell, Sumner L. Skillins, Thomas J. Skillins, Henry A. Swett, John D. Twombly, Garland; Albert G. Stanwood, Winn; Albert S. Twining, Newburg; Calvin P. Allen, Isaac C. Barker, James A. Brown, James M. Blanchard, Leander Shaw, John M. Ramsdell, Exeter; Peter Augustine, Enoch Ayres, George T. Bailey, Daniel L. Clark, John P. Crocker, Morrill G, Curtis, George A. Crocker, Augustus Ellis, Cyrus S. Greeley, Edwin R. Littlefield, James W. Nutt, Eli L. Prescott, Stephen A. Prescott, Amos Roberts, jr., Joseph Southard, Edward Swanton, Dexter; Otis Smith, jr., Samuel A. Smith, George R. Rich, Daniel F'oss, Albert H. Norcross, Aaron M. Page, Charleston; James Anderson, Peter D, Brackett, James Hickey, James Kelley, Elsbra McCoy, Michael J. McPhee, James McMahon, Edward K. Spaulding, James Wallace, Bangor; Benjamin W. West, Orrington; Rufus B. Harmon , Leander M. Libby, Willard S. Ricker, Corinna; Franklin Cunningham, Marcus D. Kings- bury, Bradford; Nathaniel G. Gould, Brewer; Horatio W. Inman, Charles H. Kneeland, Lee. COMPANY E. ^ NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant W. H. H. Hasey, Bangor. John .Conway, Sewal M. Cowan, William H. Chambertain, Edwin Frederick, WiUiam F. Mills, William H. Wentworth, James Fahey, John M. Sherwood, Thomas Twomey, Horace Knight, Paul Sideau, Bangor; Sidney H. Sinclair, Springfield; Charles A. Whitney, Etna; Daniel Donavan, Kenduskeag ; Lewis F. Morse, Veazie ; Joseph T. Arnold, Isaac Arnold, Bradford; Andrew J. Runnells, Patagumpus; Frank A. Roberts, Hudson ; John Martin, James Bradley, Edward Carroll, Corinna ; Hugh Kelly, Daniel O. Bickmore, William 0. Burnham , Oldtown ; Isaac H. Fairbrother, Orono ; Elbridge P. Crocker, Lowell ; Daniel Davis 2d, Winn. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Musician Michael Quimby, Bangor. Wagoner Crosby N. Crocker, Bangor. PRIVATES. Cyrus Bray, John F. Cliffoid, Daniel J. Colson, Elijah Carr, Ansel G. Emery, Charles F. Hall, William A. Neal, Edmund Gordon, Henry Reaviel, William A. Soule, William N. Witham, Robert A. Witherell, Oscar Wyer, Henry Haye, Dezerd Vencour, Francis Wright, Bangor; Dennison Ward, Henry Oban, Oldtown ; Alfred M. Grossman, Alton; Edwin D. Gould, Brewer; Edwin B. Hammond, Lincoln; Thomas D. Paige, Burlington ; Albert Pickering, Holden ; Samuel Pierce, Hudson ; John J. Smith, Orono; Joel Tibbetts, Glenbum. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 133 COMPANY G. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. First Lieutenant Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Musician Nathaniel L. Swett, Orrington. PRIVATES. Charles N. Ayer, Frank Burr, Charles W. Currier, WiUiam D. Kelly, Brewer; John M. Sherwood, Fred C. Robinson, Charles E, Dunn, John F. Cloyes, Samuel W. Veazie, Albert L. Spencer, Eli C. Lyons, Bangor ; Marcellus Blake, Joseph A. West, Carmel ; Nelson Powers, Medway , John B. Bumby, Frank B. Miller, Orono ; Edwin A. Ben- nett, No. 2, R. 3 ; Byron B. Brown, Patten ; Roscoe Doble, Silas C. Doble, Lincoln ; Cyrus Emery, Maxfield ; Augustus N. Lufkin, Orrington ; William B. Monroe, Greenfield ; Henry Mansfield, Green- bush ; John T. Nason, Bradley ; Charles L. Peaslee, Enfield. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Second Lieutenant Edward R. Sanborn, Lagrange. Second Lieutenant William C. Bailey, Garland. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Andrew J . Tozier, Plymouth. Sergeant Thomas D. Chamberlain, Brewer. Musician Edwin J. Baker, Oldtown. Wagoner John Stockman, Oldtown. PRIVATES. William H. Chamberlain, Bela L. Fowles, Gowen W. Fowles, Medway; Charles L. Torrey, John M. Sherwood, Patrick Hamesburg, William Fifield, Jasper H. Nash, James Maloney, Charles E. Hatch, Henry A. Heal, Benjamin F. Grant, William P. Fisher, John Farley, Michael Carey, Frank C. Williams, George Whitney, William Debeck, Edward Fred- erick, Parmenas E. Folsom, Charles W. Jackins, Frank Johnson, Stephen H. Matthews, George Miller, Isaac F. Orcutt, Moses G. Rice, Isaac N. Lathrop, Bangor ; Horace Wyman, Lincoln ; Edmund R. Sanborn, Lagrange ; Bancroft Lambert, Bradley ; Hiram H. Chesley, John E. Chase, Edmund Gojff, Sylvester McLellan, Patten ; Charles B. Dore, William E. Annis, Hermon ; Wilbur F. Chase, Chester ; Thomas Oscar, Lee; William H. Cates, Carmel; Lorenzo Grant, Hudson ; Ephraim L, Sherman, Camden. COMPANY I. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. First Lieutenant John M. Sherwood, Bangor. PRIVATES. Andrew Bryer, Martin P. Leonard, Moses Tarbox, jr., Ralph W. Wyman, John W. Worcester, John Mahoney, Bangor; Moses D. Spencer, Corinna; William D. Blagden, Hudson; Ira Barnes, J osiah Collins, Lee ; Josiah Cornish, Medway ; Hugh Conway, Hampden ; William J . Frazier, Hermon ; William H. Foss, Orono , Alexander Mylne, Glenbrun ; Alonzo Newcomb, Newburg; John Patterson, Burlington. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Charles L. Strickland, Bangor. First Lieutenant Edmund R. Sanborn, Orono. Amasa W. Fickett, Samuel H. Winchester, William Blake, Michael Doyle, George A. Fields. Brewer; Charles T. Varney, William Mehegan, Andrew Hayman, James Frazier, John Flinn, James S. Fox, James F. Dinsmore, John Casey, Hiram Clark, Andrew Franquer, Charles A. Crabb, Charles Couillard, Hiram Christy, Samuel A. Collins, Lewis D. Allen, Bangor ; Adelbert Allen, Rodney Leavitt, Drew Plantation ; Thomas O. Freeman, Greenbush ; Albert Treat, Bradford; Hiram Brawn, John Brawn, Freeman O. GuUifer, Oldtown; Edmund R. Sanborn, Lagrange; Henry L. Bloodworth, Nelson Chester, Lincoln; Thomas L. Berry, Dexter; William Brown, Orono ; James S. Brackett, Alton ; Charles A. Gilman, Patten ; John D. Graves, Hermon ; Calvin A. Glidden, Plymouth ; David S. Scott, Chester ; Zoeth E. Stubbs, Corinna ; Lesor Schwenor, Orrington. TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. Organized at Augusta, October 14, 1862, to serve nine months. Mustered out August 27, 1863. COMPANY G. PRIVATES. William H. Condon, John C. Craig, Joseph L. Emery, James M. Verriill, Dixmont. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Bangor, October 10, 1862, to serve nine months, and left on the 2 ist for Wash- ington, District of Columbia, arriving in that city on the 24th. On the following day they were ordered to Ar- hngton Heights, Virginia, and assigned temporarily to the Third Brigade, Casey's Division. They remained at Arlington Heights until the 3d of November, when they were ordered to Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where they arrived on the 7th, thence proceeded to Newport News, and there remained until the 2d of December. On the 4th of December they left for New Orleans, ar- riving in that city on the 15th, and immediately pro- ceeded to Baton Rouge, which they occupied on the 17 th. On the 31st they were assigned to the First Brigade of Grover's Division. They remained at Baton Rouge until the 13th of March, 1863, when they took part in a reconnoissance to the rear of Port Hudson, after which they returned to Monticello Bayou. On the 26th of March they joined the expedition up the Atcha- falaya Lake, and on the 13th of April safely landed at "Irish Bend," where, after crossing the Bayou Teche, they encamped for the night. Early on the morning of the 14th they moved in the direction of Franklin, met the enemy, and after a spirited engagement, drove them from the field. On the 15th they were ordered to gar- rison Franklin, where they remained until the 25th, then proceeded to New Iberia. On the 6th of May they moved towards Port Hudson, arriving at that place on the ist of June, and on the 9th participated in an as- sault on the enemy's works, but were compelled to fall back and were soon after withdrawn, returning to their former duties. On the 14th of June they again partici- pated in an assault on the enemy's works, which, how- ever, was unsuccessful, and after dark they were withdrawn and returned to the position they occupied before the battle. After the surrender of Port Hudson, on the 8th of July, they were quartered inside the works, and there remained until the 24th, when they started for Maine, passing up the Mississippi by boat to Cairo, then by rail to Bangor, where they arrived on the 6th of August, and were mustered out and discharged the United States service on the 15th of the same month, by Lieutenant F. E. Crossman, Seventeenth United States Infantry. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Simon G. Jerrard, Levant. Adjutant Frank G. Flagg, Hampden, Assistant Surgeon Jason Huckins, Levant. Chaplain John K. Lincoln, Bangor. Sergeant-Major Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. Quartermaster-Sergeant Edward M. Young, Kenduskeag, Commissary-Sergeant William Lowney, Bangor. Fife Major George W. Grant, Bangor. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Henry Crosby, Hampden. First Lieutenant James W. Williams, Hampden, First Lieutenant George E. Brown, Hampden, 134 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Second Lieutenant James P. Ireland, Corinna. Second Lieutenant Hiram T. Batchelder, Hampden. Second Lieutenant Gibson C. Patten, Corinna. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George E. Brown, Hampden. Sergeant Hiram T. Batchelder, Hampden. Sergeant Samuel M. Homsted, Hampden. Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel. Sergeant Gibson C. Patten, Corinna. Sergeant Joseph E. Joy, Hampden. Sergeant John E. Tribou, Hampden. Sergeant Austin Pomroy, Hampden. Corporal John M. Sullivan, Hampden. Corporal Alfred W. Bussell, Argyle. Corporal John S. Ward, Hampden, Corporal George W. Knowles, Hampden. Corporal James Patten, jr., Hermon. Corporal Sumner Smith, jr. Hampden. Corporal Daniel Smith, jr., Hampden. Corporal Melvin F. Avery, Hampden. Corporal Alonzo Y. Foster, Newburg. Corporal Abram G. Gerow, Newburg. Musician Melville Walker, Hampden. Musician William F. Walker, Hampden. Wagoner Isaiah C. Deane, Hampden. PRIVATES, Justin B. Atkins, Charles E. Blaisdell, George C. Blaisdell, William F. Blaisdell, William O. P. Copeland, Edward Copp, Owen R. Hale, Wilbur F. Hubbard, Lewis F. Leighton, Charles H. Leighton, Isaac Morse, Forest E. Stewart, Leonard Palmer, David F. White, Lewis W. White, Abram Young, Luther Young, Alfred Veazie, Corinna ; Bart- lett Bradford, WiUiam W. Bradford, Jason L. Bussell, Robert Bussell, Prentice M. Mayo, John D. Morton, Ichabod F. Partridge, Daniel B. Smith, Carmel ; Gershom W. Clifford, Charles W. Fletcher, Cyrus E. Hewes, Frank H. Jewell, Cleves C. Tracy, Hermon ; Alber C. Dyer, Etna; Daniel W. Emerson, Charleston ; Alonzo Y. Foster, Augustus Newcomb, Newburg ; William W. Freeze, Lorenzo Grant, Isaac Mann, Alexander Mann, Mark T. Marsh, Argyle; James Speed, jr., Bradford ; Hiram Stone, Bangor ; Henry M. Cole, Zenas Cowan, Jonathan P. Emerson, John Emery, jr. , John F. Goss, Samuel Hitch- cock, Cyrus Humphrey, jr., Edward Humphrey, John B. Humphrey, Ephraim S. Knowles, John W. Knowles, Daniel Lake, George F. Loring, Thomas B. Luf kin, Alexander Mann, Mark T. Marsh, Malachi McAuhflfe, Alonzo E. Miller, George A. Miller, George W. Miller, Martin Murch, Alphonzo Porter, Harrison W. Rogers, Edward K. Sawyer, Jedediah Simpson, Augustus Snow, Charles E. Swett, Alonzo Thayer, Benjamin B. Trueworthy, Charles Ward, Hampden. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John I. Gilman, Bangor. Captain James W. Williams, Bangor. First Lieutenant John T. Gilman, Bangor. First Lieutenant George H. Anson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George H. Anson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Knowles, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Samuel W. Knowle, Bangor. Sergeant George T. Rowe, Holden. Sergeant Bradford C. Clark, Holden. Sergeant Benjamin H. Darling, Hudson. Sergeant George R. Mann, Hudson. Sergeant Joseph P. Tyler, Bangor. Sergeant William E. S. Rice, Bangor. Sergeant Christopher A. Page, Bangor Sergeant Seth E. Drinkwater, Bangor. Corporal Joseph P. Tyler, Bangor. Corporal Joseph E. Hanscom, Dedham. Corporal Abiather W. Carle, Hudson. Corporal Rufus E. Whitmore, Hudson. Corporal Jacob Tasker, Bradford. Corporal James E. White, Holden. Corporal Joshua S. Kenney, Holden. Corporal Elijah S. Smith, Charleston. Corporal George A. Pritchard, Brewer. Musician George W. Grant, Holden. Musician Horace C. Griffin, Holden. Wagoner Arthur E. Blakeley, Bangor. PRIVATES. William H. Ames, Orin N. Bailey, John S. Holt, Bradford ; Nathaniel W. Bailey, Ransom Bailey, Glenburn ; George W. Bean, Joseph N. Bean, Van Buren Carle, Charles P. Chamberlain, Lorenzo D. Chamber- lain, Oscar T. Chase, Daniel Goodwin, George W. Howe, Albert T. Lyshon, Joel Mann, Franklin N. Miles, Andrew J. Potter, Orin Stearns, GustavusV. Wilson, Hudson; Charles H. Bryant, Lagrange; Augustus D. Clewley, Andrew Sanborn, Brewer; Herbert V. Dickey, Charles Inman, William Kent, Daniel McPhetres, George W. Morris, Timothy E. Phillips, Veazie; Roscoe M. Griffin, William Houston, jr., Silas Howard, Joshua H. Kinney, Franklin B. Moore, James E. Navy, Albert A. Nichols, Andrew J. Orcutt, Elijah B. Orcutt, William A. Rowe, Edwin E. White, Holden; William A. Severance, Lincoln; Martin McKenney, Stetson; Charles E. Bealei Charles E. Brown, Daniel Gates, Lorenzo D. Chamberlain, Oscar T. Chase, Daniel S. Collins, Edward W. Hanson, Edward S. Johnson, Benjamin Kimball, William Lowney, John Montgomery, Charles H. Reid, Amos H. Richardson, Roscoe G. Rollins, George Sawyer, Edmond C. Scribner, James S. Spratt, William Strange, Frederick E. Webster, Charles W. Wilson, Henry O. Wilson, Henry Work, Moses Work, Marcellus Wotton, Alvah M. Young, Harrison C. Young, Bangor. COMPANY C. .COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George A. Bolton, Orrington. First Lieutenant Jasper Hutchins, Brewer. Second Lieutenant Joseph A. Baker, Orrington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Alvah P. Bennett, Brewer. Sergeant Alonzo F. Smith, Orrington. Sergeant Jacob Bemis, Lagrange. Sergeant Cyrus W, Penney, Eddington. Corporal Joseph A. Stearns, Brewer. Corporal Hiram R. Stevens, Eddington. Corporal Daniel T. Thomas, Bradley. Corporal Peter C. Smith, Orrington. Corporal John H. Smith, Orrington. Corporal Samuel E. Burr, Brewer. Corpqral Elon R. Comins, Eddington. Corporal George Glidden, Brewer. Musician Enoch R. Nye, Orrington. Musician John N. Ames, Orrington. Wagoner Emery B. Lufkin, Orrington. George R. Bakeman, Freeman H. Eastman, George B. Gilbert, Charles Glidden, Amos W. Harriman, Richard H. Holyoke, William A. Libbey, Foster Parker, Lorenzo Parker, Henry A. Pierce, Albert R. Winslow, Brewer; Henry W. Clewley, Horace B. Davis, Melzar B. Howe, John S. Maddox, Edward E. Mills, Levi L. Stevens, John C. Innis, Eddington; George Cowan, Glenburn; William M. Danforth, Lagrange; Frederick W. Badershall, Elijah A. Baker, Isaiah A. Baker, Charles A. Beckford, Charles Bowden, Charles H. Bowden, Jeremiah T. Bowden, John E. Bowden, Calvin Bumpus, Eugene A. Chapin, Amasa L. Conant, Charles L. Crane, James W. Freeman, James Harriman, jr., Daniel P. Little, Amos M. Nickerson, William P. Nickerson, Humphrey Pinhorn, Preston I. Pond, Samuel J. Robinson, Albert P. Smith, Howes R. Smith, John W. Torrens, Irving A. Ward- well, Calvin Wedell, Orrington. COMPANY D. PRIVATES. Melvin G. Joy, Ellsworth ; George S. Williams, Lagrage. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Henry L. Wood, Dexter. First Lieutenant W. Prince Hersey, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Thomas J. Pekes, Charleston. Second Lieutenant Thomas J. Pekes, Charleston. Second Lieutenant Joseph F. Bowler, Lee. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph S. Bowler, Lee. Sergeant Charles H. Knight, Dexter. Sergeant Charles G. Wing, Dexter. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. I3S Sergeant William M. Cornforth, Springfield. Sergeant John E. Allen, Lincoln. Corporal John C. Lamb, Carroll. Corporal Jonathan Drew, Charleston. Corporal Franklin H. Dyer, Charleston. Corporal Nelson Rollins, Charleston. Corporal George M. Toward, Dexter. Corporal Charles L. Lothrop, Prentiss. Musician James Crawford, Dexter. Musician Joseph J. Elder, Corinna. Wagoner Jefferson P. Richardson, Dexter. PRIVATES. Caleb B. Akley, Charles W. Conant, Melvin S. Leslie, Patten ; Martin V. Bodwell, Ivory F. Doane, George H. Hathorn, I^incoln ; Constantine E. Carle, Joseph Darling, Bartlett Davis, Walter R. Chamberlain, Hudson; Daniel Clifford, Moses Ricker, Henry J. Thurlow, Philemon Tucker, Lee; Aurelius F. Ward, Zachariah S. Southard, Bowman Cooper, Bradford ; Asa S. Carpenter, Samuel Hall, James L. Hunt, William H. Jordan, Menander O. Moores, Isaiah Strout, Charleston; Charles H. Stickney, George F. Jipson, Benjamin J. Hall, Seth W. Ewings, Prentiss; George H. Curtiss, Sal- mon Lamb, Carroll; William M. Johnson, Tames H. I^eighton, Daniel P. Leighton, William McLaughlin, Ithamer B. Merrill, Solomon Mor- rill, Chailes N. Mountain, Daniel H. Remick, Augustus Scales, Sam- uel F. Silver, Joseph H. Smith, Sumner Brawn, Sanborn J. Campbell, Charles W. Farrar, Henry C. Fitzgerald, Jacob B. Fogg, Roscoe Haines. William M. Hall, Jonas Hutchinson, Isaiah K. Ireland, Fran- cis A. Ireland, Alfred Hart, Silas B. Swanton, Samuel A. Swanton, Jacob H. Whittemore, Charles E. Whittemore, Dexter ; Liberty B. Spaulding, Charles Spaulding, John W. Spaulding, Springfield. COMPANY G. NON-COMMIS.SIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Alexander Thompson, Mattawamkeag. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Isaac W. Case, Kenduskeag. First Lieutenant Joseph Richardson, Corinth. Second Lieutenant Anson S. Jerrard, Plymouth. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph L. True, Garland. Sergeant Isaac R. Worth, Corinth. Sergeant Asa W. Thompson, E.xeter. Sergeant Nicholas G. Reed, Garland. Sergeant William M. Chapman, Corinth. Corporal Henry W. Jordan, Stetson. Corporal Erastus L. Palmer, Garland. Corporal Abner G. Clark, Levant. Corporal Danville L. Wyman, Levant. Corporal Chester M. Herrick, Corinth. Corporal John M. Morrison, Corinth. Corporal Edward J. Smart, Plymouth. Corporal Henry C. Spooner, Kenduskeag. Musician George W. Buzzell, Plymouth. Wagoner George F. Davis, Levant. PRIVATES. Ivis M. Allen, Edgar E. Holbrook, Franklin Holbrook, Peter Hol- brook, Rufus D. Loud, John C. Loud, Edward J. Smart, Calvin Small, Plymouth; Walter E. York, Robert F. Wiggins, George W. Langley, William A. Langley, John O. Allen, Stetson; Henry J. Ames, David J. Blanchard, Albert Brown, Alfred Hoyt, Wilfred A. Mitchell, Arthur H. Morey, ElUs Smith, Edward B. Towle, Kenduskeag; Ansel O. Wing, Joseph M. Wing, Pirvirvid Turner, Charles H. Staples, William D. Staples, Ambrose C. McKusic, Cyrus H. Houston, Alphonso Has- kell, Gorham H. Gould, Allen H. Brown, William L. Bran, Grin Booker, Joseph W. Booker, Rufus B.Gerald, Levant; AlonzoF, Batchel- der, William Brown, John A. Davis, Alden B. Ellis, Randall Farmer, Bennett A. Haskell, Jason F. Haskell, Levi A. Lovejoy, Austin Rams- dell, Charles E. Skillin, David Skillin, James A. Tiplady, Garland; Henry A. Whittier, Benjamin M. Stevens, Clifford W. Shores, Edgar Sargent, Frank M. Robinson, George W. Houston, George W. Her- rick, Ransom C. Gould, Sumner T. Ham, Albra G. Hammons, Levi Gardener, Wi'Iiam F. Gile, John B. Chandler, Corinth; Stephen S. Buzzell, Hermon; John E. Daniels, Lee; Mark Thompson, E.teter. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Allen B. Nichols, Alonzo Philbrick, Bangor; Seth J. Swanton, Dexter. COMPANY K. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Turner W. Whitehouse, Newport. .Second Lieutenant Edwin W. Trueworthy, Newport. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Alljert F. Learned, Newport. Corporal Andrew Skinner, Exeter. Corporal Henry T. Nutter, Exeter. Corporal Chester Trueworthy, Newport. Corporal Stephen A. Steward, Newport. Corporal Fernando Miles, Newport. Musician Jacob H. Steward, Newport. Musician Oliver I. Folsom, Etna. PRIVATES. Leonard Abbott, Henry W. Folsom, Hanson Hatchings, Stowell S. Spratt, Benjamin F. Carter, Etna; Oliver S. Atwell, Dixmont; Charles H. Caverly, Amos Caverly, John H, Day, Mark Fernald, Tobias A. Fernald, Demarquis S. Lawrence, Isaac N. A. McKay, Charles Robert, John M. Seavey, John O. Stuart, Henry E. Trueworthy, James Wedgewood, John Wedgewood, Newport; Nathan P. Colbath, Henry W. Estes, William Friend, Mark B. Leonard, Charles A. Orff, George A. Pease, John L. Pease, Lorin D. Robinson, Royal L. Stevens, Exeter; Daniel W. Libbey, Mattawamkeag. COMPANY D. Private Alonzo Gray, Bangor. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Bangor, October ii, 1862, to serve nine months, and left on the 23d of the same month for Washington, District of Columbia, where they arrived and encamped on the 27th. On the 9th of November they embarked for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, arrived at Hampton Roads on the nth, and the next day were ordered to Newport News, where they remained encamped until December ist, on which day they em- barked on board steamers for New Orleans, arriving in that city on the i6th, and immediately proceeded to Baton Rouge, where they were assigned to the Third "Brigade of Grover's Division. They remained at Baton Rouge until the 12th of March, 1863, when they joined in the reconnoissance to Port Hudson, return- ing on the i6th, and on the 28th embarked for Donaldsonville, Louisiana. Early on the morning of the 14th of April they were engaged with the enemy at Irish Bend, near Franklin, Louisiana, and met with severe loss. They arrived at Port Hudson on the 30th of May, and were engaged in supporting a bat- tery until June 12th, when they participated in the as- sault ori that day, and then returned to their former posi- tion. After the surrender of Port Hudson, they remained on duty inside the fortifications at that jDlace until the 26th of July, on which day they embarked for Maine,, and reached Bangor on the 9th of August. On the lyih of the same month the regiment was mustered out of the United States service at that place, by Lieutenant F. E. Grossman, Seventeenth United States Infantry, and the men were paid and finally discharged on the same day. COMPANY A. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Benjamin F. Simpson, Dixmont. '36 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. PRIVATES. Cromwell Carter, Calvin A. Glidden, Robert M. Gustin, Edwin R. Gustin. Etna; James B. Craig. Alfred Marr, John F. Prescott, Dix- mont; Benjamin Williams, Bangor. COMPANY B. PKIVATES. Anson Pettingill, Levant; Sullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. COMPANY F. Musician George S. Kimball, Hampden. COMPANY H. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Wagoner William H. Thompson, Bangor. PRIVATE. Private Melviii S. Libbey, Lagrange. COMPANY I. Rufus W. Prentiss, Plymouth. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This jegiment was organized at Augusta, October i8, 1862, to serve nine months, and left on the 26th with or- ders for Washington, District of Columbia, stopped at New York, and then was ordered to Fort Schuyler to report for duty to Major-General Banks. They garrisoned Fort Schuyler until the 26th of November, when they marched to East New York, and there went into camp. On the 17th of January, 1863, they embarked for Fortress Mon- roe, and from thence on the 2 2d for New Orleans, arriv- ing in that city on the 29th. On the 31st disembarked at Chalmette, seven miles below the city, and encamped on Jackson's old battle ground. On the isth of Febru- ary they were ordered to Pensacola, Florida, and disem- barked at Warrenton Navy Yard on the 17th. They remained at Pensocala until its evacuation, March 22d, and then returned to Warrenton Navy Yard. On the 24th they embarked for New Orleans, where immedi- ately upon their arrival they were ordered for duty at Donaldsonville, Bayou La Fourche and Plaquemine. On the 27th of May, six companies were ordered to Port Hudson, and there were assigned to General Nick- erson's Brigade of Dwight's Division, the others remaining at New Orleans and at Fort Butler, Donaldsonville, Louisiana. That portion of the regiment at Port Hud- son was employed for two weeks, day and night, in building batteries and doing picket dut)'. They partici- pated in the advance on the 14th of June, but suffered no loss. On the 2 2d they were ordered to assault a bas- tion of the rebel works, advanced to within a short dis- tance of the enemy's fortifications, but their supports not coming up, retired in good order with a loss of 3 killed and 9 wounded. On the 28th of June that portion of the regiment garrisoning Fort Butler, Donaldsonville, Louisiana, was assailed by an overwhelming force of the •enemy, and repulsed them at every point with heavy loss. On the 4th of July the six companies at Port Hudson were ordered to march to Springfield Landing and there embark to reinforce Fort Butler, then besieged by the enemy, who had succeeded in blockading the river. They arrived July 5th, and on the evening of that day occurred the fiendish murder of Major Bullen, of this regiment, then commanding at Fort Butler, by Pi ivatc Francis Scott, First Louisiana Volunteers. Coming as it did immediately after the gallant defense of the fort by Major Bullen and his command, it seemed the more atrocious. On the loth of July the entire regiment proceeded to Baton Rouge, and there remained until the 6th of Au- gust, when they started for Maine, passing up the Mis- sissippi by boat to Cairo, then by rail to Augusta, arriv- ing on the 1 8th. On the 31st of August the regiment was mustered out of the United States service at Augusta, by Lieutenant F. E. Crossman, Seventeenth United States Infantry, and the men paid and finally discharg ed on the same day. STAFF OFFICER. Surgeon Irving B. Wardwell, Orrington. COMPANY I. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Jones S. Kelley, Orono. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph D. Sawyer, Oldtown. . Sergeant James M. Coombs, Oldtown. Sergeant Benjamin M. Kelley, Orono. Corporal Benjamin M. Kelley, Orono. Corporal William H. Manchester, Oldtown. Corporal Jonathan F. Cilley, Oldtown. Corporal Shepard Emery, Veazie. Corporal Henry M. Sleeper, Milford. Wagoner Joseph L. Reed, Orono. PRIVATES. WilUam A. Averill, Dean R. Bumham, Oakman A. Ellis, Silas S. Foss, Leander V. Hodgdon, Robert Howell, Albert T. Hunt, Charles H. Johnson, Horace L. Manchester, Sidney A. Milton, Albert G. Quiraby, Cyrus S. Stevens, Oldtown ; John T. Sprague, Veazie ; Wil- liam B. Grindle, Brewer; William H. Hanscom, William Merrill, Thomas M. Perry, Orono; Henry J. Longley, Milford. TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment, with the exception of companies A and D, was organized at Augusta, from November 13, 1863, to January, 1864, to serve three years. Companies A and D were transferred from the Tenth Maine Battalion, then serving with the Twelfth Army Corps, in Tennes- see, and joined the regiment at New Orleans, Louisiana. The regiment left Augusta January 31, 1864, and era- barked at Portland February 2d, on board steamship De Molay, for New Orleans, Louisiana, at wiiich place it arrived on the i6th. On the 20th they left Algiers for Brashear City, thence proceeded to Franklin, arriv- ing on the 2ist, and were assigned to the Second Bri- gade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. On the iSth of March they left for Alexandria, on the Red river; arrived there on the 25th, and laid in camp until the 29th, when transferred to the First Brigade. On the 8th and 9th of April they were engaged in the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, and -rendered most effective service. Subsequently they retreated with the army to Grand Ecore, Louisiana, which they reached on the nth. On the 23d they assisted in driving the enemy at Cane River Crossing, and reached Alexandria, Louisiana, on the 25th. They remained at that place until May 12th, and while there assisted in building the famous dam which saved the fleet. On the 13th of May they proceeded towards the Mississippi river, which thty reached on the 2oih, and on the 22d went into HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 1.37 camp at Morganza Bend, where they remained until July 2d, on which day they left for New Orleans, reach- ing that city on the 3d. On the 5th they left in steam- ship Clinton for Fortress Monroe, Virginia, arriving on the 1 2th, when, being ordered to Washington, reached that city on the following day. After remaining a few days near Washington, they marched to Harper's Ferry, Virginia, and participated in all the marches and move- ments of the Army of the Shenandoah, including the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, in all of which they rendered most effective service. On the i8th of October, 1864, Company A, Captain John Q. Adams, transferred from the Tenth Maine Battalion, was mustered out and discharged the United States ser- vice, its term of service having expired, and its place was filled by the First Company of Unassigned Infantry, Cap- tain Edward S. Butler, organized at Augusta, Maine, September 16, 1864, to serve one year. On the ist of January, 1865, the regiment was en- camped near Stevenson's Depot, Virginia, attached to the First Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, and from March 31st to April 19th was occupied chiefly in marching to given points for special service. On the 20th they took cars for Washington, District of Columbia, and on the 4th and sth of May did guard duty at Washington Arsenal over the assassins of Presi- dent Lincoln. On the 23d they participated in the grand review at Washington with the Army of the Po- tomac. On the 31st of May, company A, (Captain Butler,) one year's men and all whose term of service expired prior to October ist, 1865, were ordered to be mustered out of the United States service. On the ist of June the regiment embarked at Alexan- dria, Virginia, on board steamship Ariel for Savannah, arriving there on the 5th, and on the 14th and 15th pro- ceeded to Georgetown, South Carolina. The regiment was divided into detachments, and occupied the follow- ing stations, all in South Carolina, viz: Railroad bridge on the Pedee river, Kingstree, Marion, Florence, Dar- lington, and Society Hill, with headquarters at Darling- ton. Their duties were arduous and consisted in part in assisting in the making of contracts and investigating complaints made by freedmen and planters. On the 27th of March, 1866, they were ordered to Hilton Head, South Carolina, which they occupied, with detachments at St. Helena Island and at Seabrook, until June 21st, when the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Lieutenant H. S. French, Assistant Commissary of Musters, Department of the Carolinas. On the following day they embarked on board steamer for New York, arriving on the 25th at Harts Island, New York Harbor, where, on the 28th of June, the men were paid and finally discharged. STAFF OFFICERS. Assistant Surgeon Atwell W. Swett, Bangor. Sergeant-Major Thomas H. Briggs, Bangor. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. William Peabody, Dixmont. George H, Fox, Dexier. COMPANY C. Private Franklin H. Neally, Hampden. COMPANY D. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Wagoner Charles B. Canney, Bangor. PRIVATES. Thomas J. Burke, jr., Joshua R. Shorey, Enfield ; Charles Corson, Bangor; Daniel B. McKenney, Benjamin P. Spencer, Lincoln; Frank C. Paine, Lowell. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Thomas H. Briggs, Hudson. PRIVATES. William S. Alexander, Francis N. Miles, Daniel Mann, Hudson; Albert Annis, Kenduskeag ; John C. Harvey, Maxfield ; Leverett D. Hopkins, Ellsworth; Charles M. Johnson, Alton ; Spaulding Plum- mer, Albion Smith, Wilbur F. Ward, Fred W. Wing, Levant ; Elias W. Whittier, Enfield ; Henry G. Prescott, Corinth. COMPANY G. Private John H. Knox, Garland. COMPANY H. PRIVATES. Charles G. Bartlett, Newburg ; Levi D. Cavedy, Stetson ; Charles H. Inman,Orono; Benjamin Wiley, Etna. THIRTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from December 12, 1863, to January 8, 1864, to serve three years, and on the 7th of February left for Portland, Maine, where it embarked on board steamer Merrimac for New Orleans, Louisiana, arriving in that city on the i6th. On the i8th they moved by railroad from Algiers to Brashear City, and thence by steamer up Bayou Teche to Franklin, where they were assigned to the Third Brig- ade, First Division, Nineteenth Army Corps. From February 19th to March 14th, inclusive, they remained encamped at Franklin, and on the isth entered upon the Red River campaign. On the Sth of April they took an honorable part in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, and on the 9th in that of Pleasant Hill. Their loss in both engagements was 11 killed, 66 wounded and 71 missing. They afterwards retreated towards Grand Ecore, which place they reached on the nth. On the 21st of Aprij they resumed the retreat, and on the 23d took a most prominent part in the engagement at Cane River Cros- sing, from which position, considered almost impregnable, they drove the enemy. Their casualties in this engage- ment were as follow: 2 ofiScers and 10 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and 67 enlisted men wounded, and 7 enlisted men missing. On the 25th of April they reached Alexandria, Louisiana, and on the 13th of May continued the retreat towards the Mississippi river, which they reached on the 22d. They remained encamped at Mor- ganza Bend until the 2d of July, when they embarked for New Orleans, thence on the nth for Virginia. On the 1 8th they reached Fortress Monroe, and were im- mediately sent to Deep Bottom, where they were employed on picket duty and in raising temporary earth- works. From Deep Bottom they were transported to Washington, whence they marched to Harpers Ferry, Virginia. During the latter part of August and early in Septem- 138 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ber, they participated in the numerous movements of the Army of the Shenandoah. In September their brigade was detached from its division, and so continued until October 26th. Although in this interval the regiment was engaged in arduous and responsible duties, it failed to share the glory of General Sheridan's battles and vic- tories in September and October. On the 26th of October they rejoined their division at Cedar Creek, Virginia, thence on the 9th of November moved to a position between Kearnstown and Newton, and on the 30th of December went into camp at Stevenson Depot, four miles north of Winchester. Soon after the ist of January, 1865, they moved and occupied Winchester, Virginia, where, on the 8th of Jan- uary, they were joined by three companies formed of the re-enlisted men and recruits of the Thirteenth Maine Volunteers, and which had been assigned to this regi- ment by special order, issued November 18, 1864. The consolidation was completed in the month of January, under the immediate orders of General Sheridan, the Thirtieth being formed in seven companies, and retain- ing the field and staff officers without change. The men of the Thirteenth Maine were organized into a battalion of three companies, commanded by officers of their own regiment. The two battalions were then united, and the consolidation effected by the muster out of five commis- sioned officers of the Thirtieth and a few non-commis- sioned of both regiments. The companies of the Thirteenth were lettered B, H, and K in the new organ- ization. They remained at Winchester until the loth of April, when they proceeded towards Washington; reached that city on the 21st, and on the 26th encamped in the vicinity of Fort Meigs, where they remained until the 2d of June. In the meantime they formed a part of the line of sentinels stationed around Washington until after the capture of the assassins of President Lincoln, and sub- sequently did guard duty at the Wa.<:hington Arsenal, where the trial of the conspirators was being held. On the 23d of May they took part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac, and on the 2d of June were transferred from the Third Brigade, First Division, Nine- teenth Corps, to the Second Brigade, same division, with which they left on the 30th for Savannah, Georgia, ar- riving in that city on the 7th of July. They remained on duty at Savannah until the 20th of August, when the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Captain George E. Moulton, Assistant Commissary of Musters, District of Savannah, and on which day they left for Maine, arriving on the 24th at Portland, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 29th. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. William Doble, Lagrange; Marston W. Tower, Belmont; Turner Wade, Bradford; Elijah W. Brackett, Patten; James G. Robbins, Brewer. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Freeman U. Whiting, Newport. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. .Sergeant Charles W. Whiting, Stetson. Sergeant William R. Lock, Etna. Corporal Samuel Day, Plymouth. Corporal Gustin Jordan, Etna. Corporal William H. Toward, Dexter. PRIVATES. Albert L. Appleby, John Brooks, Andrew Cole, Sumner B. McCar- land, James W. Nickerson, Newport; Leonard Abbott, Seldon A. Brown, Frank F. Barden, Joseph H. Holbrook, Etna; Erastus Bick- ford, James A. Reed, Dixmont; Samuel Foloman, Alfred Joy, John L. O'Mara, Bangor; Lorenzo D. Libby, George W. Curtis, Samuel Groves, John Hussey, jr., Columbus Hussey, Dennis Harrington, Francis Jewell, Levi Jackson, Johnson Lunt, George S. Mitchell, Daniel C. Prescott, Samuel Philbrooks, George C. Fogg, Hollis Smith, Carmel; Cyrus L. Coffin, Stetson; Edward Crawford, Burnham; Frederick O. Graffim, Samuel Weeks, Corinna; Rufus Greeley, Dexter; Edmund F. Gallagher, Thomaston; Lewis Jordan^ Alpheus Short, Mariaville; Albert Murray, William Murray, Plymouth; Esburn Nutt, Burnham. COMPANY C. PRIVATES. Edward G. Bryant, Fairfield; Frank F. Barden, Selden A. Brown, Etna; Samuel Weeks, Fred A. Chase, Corinna; John Benjamin, George W. Curtis, Leonidas Leathers, Samuel Philbrook, Daniel C. Prescolt, Carmel; Edgar Holbrook, Plymouth. COMPANY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Warren H. Boynton, Bangor. First Lieutenant Daniel Quimby, jr., Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Henry Granville, Bangor. Alexander F. Bakeman, Brewer. Patrick J. Farrell, Bangor. Albert P. Titcomb, Lincoln. Tristram C. Goding, Hampden. Nelson B. Lindsey, Bangor. Andiew W. Strout, Bradford. James T. Young, Belmont, John H. Pease, Richmond. Alvin McAllister, Alton. Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant Sergeant Corporal Corporal Corporal Corporal Musician PRIVATES. Edwin Averill, John Cornelly, Thomas Powers, Robert Quimby, James Shannon, Charles W. Lovell, Henry Gillispie, Charles Dough- erty, Edward Farrell, William Gillispie, John Hurley, George P. Hill, Charles Harrington, Joshua Jones, James H. Logan, Howard Morrison, Andrew J. Merithew, Michael Meagham, Peter Morgan, John Mooney, William H. McKenney, Thomas Mortel, Gustavus Nason, Thomas Rniney, George W. Robbins, Henry M. Robbins, Charles H. Smith, Hiram B. Stevens, Timothy Sullivan, Daniel Sulli- van, Thomas Williams, Bangor; Thomas H. Welman, Isaac F, Ken- dall, Benjamin Jordan, Caleb S. Ginn, Orrin Dickey, Belmont ; John W. B. Austin, Curtis Sabine, Eddington ; Frank Wilkinson, Anthony Williams, Alton ; Charles H. Boden, Asa Nicholson, Foster A. Parker, Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer ; Nelson Ware, Harvey A. Severance, Pres- ton 1. Pond, Gottlieb Esseg, Albert A. George, Orrington ; James Couil- yer. Hale P. Jackson, Hermon ; William H. Ward, Charles Stewart, Orono; John Brooks, Newport, John W. Tozier, Hudson; Andrew Cole, WilUam H. Toward, Dexter; Joel Smart, Charles C. Lancaster, Francis C. Emery, Maxfield ; John Colhns, Joseph W. Downs, Spring- field ; Josiah M. Coffin, Troy; Nathaniel Evans ad, Orrin P. McGray, Brooks; Otis L. Keith, Oldtown; Warren Kendall, Thorndike ; Joel P. Quimby, RockUnd. COMPANY E. PRIVATES. John Butler, Orono; Henry Cormiea, Oldtown; George W. Inman, Veazie; Alden Lander, Dexter; John Montgomery, Bangor. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George Stuart, Rockland. Sergeant Thomas W. Burke, Portland. Corporal Charles W. Bond, Portland Corporal Robert E. Stacey, Patten. Corporal Elbridge Chick, Clifton. PRIVATES. John Adley, jr., Henry H. Gillespie, Bangor; Nathaniel Chick, Moses Chick, George M. Fogg, Clilton; Thomas Chester, Oliver Hunt, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Levi Hunt, Staceyville; Daniel L. Howe, Hudson; James Harrimann, jr., Josiiua S. Marsliall, Orrington; Ciiarles Haskell. Edwin A. Sprague, Rockland. COMPANY G. PEIVATKS. Phineas W. Goodwin, Stetson; John C. Gray, William H. Knowl- ton, Elijah L. Knowlton, Oliver P. Paul, Belnnont; Patrick A. Merrick, Lagrange; James M. Yeates, Appleton. COMPANY H. PRIVATES. Henry H. Gillespie, Bangor; Elijah W. Brackett, Patten, Amaziah Curtis, Patrick Doherty, Prentiss; James G. Robbins, Brewer. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. John V. Busher, John V. Busher, jr., Freedom; Charles Clemens, Orrin Overlock, Liberty; Hosea Knowlton, Union; Henry L. Payson, Montville; William F. Abbott, Etna; Cyrus L. Coffin, Stetson; Alonzo Burrill, George C. Fogg, Levi Jackson, Johnson Lunt, Hollis Smith, Carmel; Joseph H. Holbrook, Albert Murray, Plymouth. , COMPANY K. PRIVATES. Levi Hunt, Oliver Hunt, Staceyville; George W. Inman, Veazie; John Killiher, Mariaville, William McLellan, Daniel Carr, George H. Jones, Oldtown; Joseph Pitcher, Washington; Abram Place, jr., Paler- mo; Richard Sterling, Thomaston; Asa C. Brickett, Etna; Jeremiah B. White, Greenfield. THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. This regiment was organize'd in Augusta, in March and April, 1864, to serve three years, and left April i8th for Washington, District of Columbia. Upon their arrival at Alexandria, Virginia, they were assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army Corps, and im- mediately marched to Bristow Station, Virginia, where they remained a few days. On the morning of May 4th, broke camp, and on the 6th participated in the battle of the Wilderness, in which they lost heavily in killed and wounded. On the 12th they were engaged with the enemy at Spottsylvania Court House, losing in the en- gagement 12 killed, 75 wounded, and 108 missing. On the 24th they crossed the North Anna river under a heavy fire from the enemy. During the night of the 26th they re-crossed the North Anna river, and in two days reached the Pamunkey river, where they skirmished with the enemy on the 29th and 30th. On the 31st of May and isl of June they were en- gaged with the enemy at Tolopotomoy Creek, and on the 3d participated in the engagement at Bethesda Church, losing 15 killed and 39 wounded. On the 4th they marched to Cold Harbor, and remained under fire and in frequent skirmishes until the 12th, suffering greatly from the shelling and sharpshooters of the enemy. On the 1 2th they commenced a long, weary march across the Chickahominy and the James rivers, and on the 16th skirmished with the enemy in front of Petersburg. On the 17th they participated in the assault and capture of the enemy's works, and from that date until the great battle of July 30th they remained constantly under fire, losing largely in officers and men. In the battle of July 30th, celebrated by the explosion of the rebel fort, they were assigned to an important position, and were the first to ' enter the rebel works. They lost on that day 10 killed, 31 wounded, and 47 prisoners. From this time until the battle of the Wel- don Railroad, August i8th, they remained under fire be. fore Petersburg, doing picket duty. On August i8th they went to the support of the Fifth Corps in taking the Weldon Railroad, remaining in the front lines until September 14th, when relieved and allowed a few days of comparative rest. On September 30th, in the battle of Poplar Spring Church, they rendered most effective service, and lost on that day 5 killed, 15 wounded and 16 taken prisoners. From the ist until the 27th of October they were en- gaged mainly in drilling and on picket duty. At the grand onward movement of the 27th of October, they were ordered to Fort Fisher, which they occupied and garrisoned until the 2gth of November, being mean- while strengthened by the addition of the Fourth and the Sixth companies of Unassigned Infantry, organized at Augusta, Maine, on the 4th and i8th of October, 1864, to serve one year, and which were assigned as companies L and M respectively. On the 29th of November the Ninth Corps was ordered to relieve the Second Corps, and the regiment was assigned to garrison Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem Plank Road, in front of Petersburg. During the month of December the regiment received an accession of 15 officers, and 470 enlisted men by the consolidation with it of the Thirty-second Maine volun- teers. They remained at Fort Davis until February 11, 1865, when they were ordered to the left and encamped near Parke Station on the Army Line and City Point Railroad, where they remained until April 2d, on which day they were engaged in the assault upon the enemy's works and suffered severely. On the 3d of April they marched through Petersburg up the South Side Railroad in pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Nottoway Court House on the 6th. On the 8th they proceeded with a detachment of prisoners to Ford's Station, where they arrived on the irth, delivered up their charge, and at once returned to Burksville Junction. On the 20th of April they proceeded to City Point and there embarked for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving in that city on the 27th. On the 15th of July the regiment was mustered out of the United States service near Alexandria, Virginia, by Lieutenant E. Rose, Assistant Commissary of Mus- ters, and arrived on the 19th at Bangor, Maine, where the men were paid and finally discharged on the 27th. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Daniel White, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Edward L. Gatchell, Bangor. Major Daniel White, Bangor. Major George A. Bolton, Bangor. Adjutant Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. Surgeon Preston Fisher, Orono. Assistant Surgeon Preston Fisher, Orono. Assistant Surgeon Sullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. Quartermaster-Sergeant George E. Holt, Bangor. Commissary-Sergeant Henry C. Bagley, Bangor. Commissary-Sergeant Charles E. Gatchell, Bangor. Principal Musician Emerson Chatman, Bangor. Sergeanl-Major L. O. Merrian, Garland. Hospital Steward Sullivan D. Wiggin, Bangor. 14* History of penobscOt county, Maine. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Daniel White, Bangor. Captain James Dean, Bangor. First Lieutenant James Dean, Bangor. First Lieutenant George A. Bolton, Bangor. First Lieutenant Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. .Second Lieutenant George A. Bolton, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George A. Dickey, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Seth E. Drinkwater, Bangor. Sergeant Stephen D. Benson, Bangor. Sergeant George A. Dickey, Bangor. Sergeant William H. H. Stackpole. Kenduskeag. Sergeant Robert Carlisle, Bangor. Corporal Leonard Trafton, Alton. Corporal Thomas T. Carey, Eddington. Corporal George F. Goldthwait, Bangor. Corporal Alfred P. Russ, Kenduskeag. Musician Emerson Chatman, Bangor. PRIVATES. Charles G. Andrew, A. N. Benson, H. C. Bagley, George E. Holt, George W. Jones, Frederick Jakins, James H. Belcher, Paul Berry, Enoch R. Cutts, Benjamin Chase, Alfred R. Couillard, James Duffy, jr., William H. Gulliver, John W. Howard, Charles Lansil, Frank McGonagh, Charles H, Prescott, William T. Pierce, Francis Rafferty, John Shanahan, Augustus A. Smith, James Wrenn, George L. West- gate, Charles H. Whittier, Bangor ; Horace H. Boyington, Everett Boyington, Oxrin Tobey, Lot Dennis, William P. Tidd, Prentiss ; Alfred S. Warren, Charles E. Page, Charleston ; James F. Beath, Kenduskeag; James M. Verrill, Edgar J. Sewall, Dixmont ; Amos W. Blackman, Henry Bissell, Daniel W. Harris, Bradley ; George W. Sargent, Frederick R. Cole, Dexter; Charles J. Churchill, Eben D. Crosby, Walter Davis, Wilbur F. Eddy, Jerry Moulton. Llewellyn O. Rowe, Eddington ; Jonathan C. Spaulding, James B. Erskine, Brad- ford; Moses W. Clark, Andrew J. Light, Levi E. Orf, Christopher Overlock, Hermon ; Adney Rogers, Dover ; Benjamin C. Nye, George J. Livingston, Asa Humphrey, Cyrus Humphrey, jr., Hampden ; Wil- liam H. Chapin, Alanson Eldridge, William B. Grindle, Enoch R. Nye, Orrington; Henry P. Marshall, Orono; Charles E. Fogg, Otis; Allen Gow, Robbinston; Alonzo S. Harriman, Glenburn; Asa J. Mor- row, Alton; Leonard R. Merrill, Brewer. COMPANY B. Captain George A. Bolton, Bangor. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Edwin S. Rogers, Patten. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Samuel A. Crummitt, Patten. Wagoner Isaac York, Patten. PRIVATES. Bradish B. Brown, Wallace T. Blackwell, Layfayette Carpenter, Ed ward Curo, Alonzo R. Clark, Isaac Donhan, David Gonier, John M. Gerry, John B. Husey, George O. Lincoln, Horace D, Miles, Abner H. Pierce, Benjamin Perow, Adoniram B. Smith, Peter Whalen, Pat- ten; Charles H. Farwell, Ezra Eyrick, jr., Alonzo C. Weeks, Mount Chase. COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William Currier, Brewer. Captain Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. First Lieutenant Byron C. Gilmore, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Albert S. Snow, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.- Sergeant Charles B. Cobb, Bangor. Sergeant Alfred G. Fickett, Brewer. Sergeant Lorenzo D. Parker, Brewer. Sergeant Leander O. Merriman, Garland. Sergeant George R. Boyer, Bangor. Corporal Edward F. Cobb, Bangor. Corporal Andrew H. Burr, Brewer. Corporal Thomas H. Coombs, Bradford. Corporal Zelotes Lancaster, Oldtown. Corporal George Lunt, Bangor. Corporal Frank Scribner, Patten. Corporal Hugh Carleton, Bangor. PRIVATES. Francis A. Cobb, Frederick E. Cook, Daniel Constantine, Daniel Con- neJl, Samuel Dearborn, jr., Daniel Dwyer, John Duffy, Jeremiah Donovan, Bartlett Flaherty, James M. Gilford, Patrick Gillogly, James E. Hat- ton, Daniel E. Hennessey, Samuel W. Leathers, John Linskey, John McLaughlin, William McLellan, Benjamin Pendleton, James Sweeney, John O. Sullivan, Nathaniel Teague, Thomas Timmins, Horace C. Whitmore, Alex Whitten, Bangor; Uriah Treadwell, Springfield; Edward W. Armstrong, Nelson Neddo, Hampden; Josiah J. Murphy, Richard K. Champeon, Sumner P. Champeon, Garland; Jefferson Bryant, Enfield; George B. Martin, Eddington; George W. Champeon, John E. Kimball, Exeter; George V. McCobb, Almanzo Fletcher, Bradford; Laforest Gushing, Lagreene F. Gushing, Henry C. Clark, Clement L. Densmore, Thomas Fitzgerald, Edward E. Snow, Jeffer- son Severance, George Simpson, Brewer; James McMuIlen, Mattawam- keag; Orrin Larabee, Carroll; Lucien W. Lyon, Aaron Kneeland, Lincoln; Frank Davis, Dover; Daniel Estes, George H. Garnett, Wil- liam Ladd, Medway; Henry W. Lancaster, Deziah Carrow, Oldtown; Edwin A. Freeze, Lagrange; Henry Hains, Holden. * COMPANY G. PRIVATES. Lovell A. Towle, Newport; David H. Morrison, Dixmont. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Edward L. Getchell, Bangor. Second Lieutenant DeWitt C. Morrill, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Roscoe G. Rollins, Bangor. Sergeant Charles E. Getchell, Bangor. Sergeant Samuel L. Kimball, Patten. Sergeant James M. Davis, jr. , Bangor. Sergeant Charles L. Hackett, Patten. Corporal Amos W. Harriman, Brewer. Corporal HoseaJ. King, Bradford. Corporal Miles J. Sweeney, Bangor. Corporal Francis P. Hall, Brewer. Corporal Charles A. Orff, Exeter. Corporal George W. Huntington, Bangor. Musician Silsby E. Rowe, Holden. Wagoner Charles H. Stocker, Bangor. PRIVATES. Samuel E. Coombs, Thomas Cuncannon, James M. Davis, John H. Harrison, Samuel J. Harrison, Mark T. Hatch, Nelson C. Boynton, George Emery, William A. Murray, Martin McL,aughlin, Anthony Mc- Nair, William Rodgers, Henry N. Smith, James Everett, L. Wal- bridge, Patrick Welch, William Winn, Hosea B. Segro, Bangor; John S. Sanborn, William T. Trott, Lagrange; Noah F. Burgers, |ohn G. Buswell, George A. Clark, Roscoe G. Tebbetts, Glenburn; Newell Weeks, Stetson; Charles Cressy, Reuben Clarke, William C. Doe, Henry W. Palmer, Corinth; Charles H. Spearing, Joseph Mansell, Morrill Mansell, Hermon; Calvin L. Curtis, Daniel Doliff, Alton; Wil- ham H. Rowell, Bradley; Joseph S. Cowan, George R. Genness, Hampden; Benjamin S. Page, James C. Dyer, Veazie; Lewis Cantin, Samuel Gowen, Bradford; Patrick Newman, Orono; Charles C. Downs, Mellen Gilmore, Brewer; John Murray, Oldtown; Albert G. Gould, Corinna; Alvra W. Leighton, Orrington. COMPANY I. PRIVATES. Amasa S. Folsom, Jere S. Rowe, Newport ; Peter Murry, Joseph J. Wiseman, Bangor. COMPANY K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Benjamin R. Jonss, Bangor, Corporal Joseph Hart, Bangor. PRIVATES. George M, Butterfield, Springfield ; William M. Mancy, Patten. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 141 COMPANY L. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Alvan D. Brock, Bangor. ■ , NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Jewett McPherson, Bangor. Sergeant William J. Mills, Bangor. Corporal Henry W. Martin , Bangor. Corporal Moses F. Hackett, Brewer. Corporal Franklin Densmore, Bangor. Corporal Benjamin G. Bryer, Lagrange. Corporal Columbus J. Noble, Bangor. Corporal Thomas E. Wiggin, Bangor. Musician Rienzo M. Norton, Bangor. Wagoner William H. Tibbetts, Exeter. PRIVATES. George H. Bennett, Thomas W. Bennett, Thomas Barry, William F. Bean, Charles Belcher, Frederick W. Flye, Augustus W. Fogg, John Goldthwaite, George A. Hewes, George Kennie, George W. tit- tlefield, Barzilla M. Libby, John McKeague, Nash McKay, FrankUn N. McKusiclt, Frank L. Perkins, James A. Srout, Charles G. Sawyer, George S. Sullivan, George Tobin, Joseph C. White, jr., Lester B. Washburn, Alvah M. Young, Bangor; Josiah Willey, Bradford ; Ben- jamin J. Bagley, Ezekiel Pinkham, Dixmont; Andrew J. Taylor, Her- mon ; Wilson Hatch, Lagrange ; Thomas Kane, Oldtown ; Joseph N. Libby, George H. Patten, Brewer ; Orrin J. McKenney, Adoniram McKenney, Enfield ; William F. Moore, Holden ; Henry F. Nutter, Exeter ; John E. Phillips, Glenburn ; Alban B. Sweat, Rowland. COMPANY M. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain J . Sumner Rogers, Orrington. Captain Alvan D. Brock, Bangor. First Lieutenant George L Brown, Bangor. Second Lieutenant J. Sumner Rogers, Orrington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Elisha W. Kent, Orrington. Sergeant Edward Beatham, Enfield. PRIVATES. Augustus E. Dinsmore, Edwin E. Willard, Exeter; Henry W. Estes, Corinna; Humphrey Grant, Hermon; William Knights, Lee; Charles F. Leavitt,- Bangor. _ THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY COMPANY I. PRIVATES Franklin Grant, Peter Murry, James J. Wiseman, Bangor. FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY. This battalion, composed of the Twenty- first, Twenty- fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth companies of un- assigned infantry, recruited at Augusta, Maine, in Feb- ruary and March, 1865, to serve one year, and designed for the Fifteenth Regiment Maine volunteers, was or- ganized as the First Battalion infantry on the 25 th of May, there being no vacancy in the Fifteenth Maine. The above-named companies were lettered A, B, C, and D, respectively. The battalion was assigned to the Second Brigade, Dwight's Division, then in the Shenandoah Valley, and afterwards proceeded to Washington, District of Co- lumbia, where they remained until the ist of June, on which day they embarked for Savannah, Georgia. On the 6th of July the battalion was ordered to South Carolina, and did diity at different places in that State until the 5th of April, 1866, when its term of service having expired, it was mustered out of the United States service, at Charles- ton, South Carolina, by Major Leslie Smith, Commissary of Musters, and immediately left for Hart's Island, New York harbor, where the men were paid and finally dis- charged. COMPANY A. PRIVATES. John B. Dean, Robert Foss, David M. Gipson, Edward Johnson, Newport; Nathaniel Hall, Lowell. COMPANY B. PRIVATES. Edwin H. Ham, Exeter; George W. Morrill, Passadumkeag; Frank H. Oliver, Orono. UNASSIGNED COMPANIES. Thirty companies of infantry were organized at Augusta, Maine, in 1864 and 1865, to serve one, two and three years, for regiments in the field, and were assigned as follows, viz: [We give only the paragraphs concerning such com- panies as contained men from the Penobscot county.] The Third, (Captain Samuel S. Mann,) organized September 20, 1864, was assigned to the Ninth regiment as Company K, and mustered out of the United States service at Raleigh, North Carolina, July 13, 1865, in ac- cordance with orders from the War Department. The Fourth, (Captain Alvan D. Brock,) organized October 4, 1864, was assigned to the Thirty-first Maine volunteers as Company L, and mustered out of the United States service with that regiment near Alexandria, Virginia, July 15, 1865, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The Fifth, (Captain Addison W. Lewis,) organized October 5, 1864, was assigned to the Nineteenth Maine volunteers, and the members thereof transferred to the several companies of that regiment, with which they were mustered out of the United States service May 31, 1865, at Bailey's Cross Roads, Virginia, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The Sixth, (Captain J. Sumner Rogers,) organized October 18, 1864, was assigned to the Thirty-first Maine volunteers as Company M, and mustered out of the United States service with that regiment July 15, 1865, near Alexandria, Virginia, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The Eighth, (Captain George S. Scammon,) organized December 17, 1864, was assigned to the Eleventh Maine volunteers, and the members thereof transferred to Companies I and K of that regiment, and mustered out of the United States service at the expiration of their term of service. The Ninth, (Captain Malcolm W. Long,) organized January 21, 1865, was attached to tlie Engineer Brigade, Army of the James, and mustered out of the United States service September 5, 1865, at Richmond, Virginia, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The Tenth, (Captain Edward M. Robinson,) organized February 8, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine volunteers as Company E, and mustered out of the United States service at Savannah, Georgia, February 16, i866,by reason of expiration of term of service. The Twelfth, (Captain John Montgomery,) organized February 23, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine volunteers as Company F, and mustered out of the United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 3, 1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. 142 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The Thirteenth, (Captain John O. W. Paine,) or- ganized February 25, 1865, was assigned to the Four- teenth regiment as Company E, and mustered out of the United Stales service August 28, 1865, at Darien, Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Fourteenth, (Captain James N. Fowler,) organized March 4, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine volunteers as Company F, and mustered out of the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Fifteenth, (Captain Henry L. Wood,) organized March 14, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine volunteers as Company H, and mustered out of the United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 16, 1 866, by reason of expiration of term of service. The Sixteenth, (Captain Horace N. Bolster,) organized March 21, 1865, was assigned to the Twelfth Maine volunteers as Company K, and mustered out of the United States service at Savannah, Georgia, March 17, 1866, by reason of expiration of term of service. The Seventeenth, (Captain Frederick S. Barnard,) or- ganized March 16, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine volunteers as Company G, and mustered out of the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Nineteenth, (Captain Otis Gilmore,) organized March 21, 1865, was assigned for duty at Augusta, Maine, and mustered out of the United States service May 23, 1865, at Augusta, Maine, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The Twentieth, (Captain Joseph H. Freeman,) organ- ized March 24, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine volunteers, as Company H, and mustered out of the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Twenty-first, (Captain Calvin S. Brown,) organized March 29, 1865, was assigned to the First Battalion in- fantry as Company A, and mustered out of the United States service, April 5th, i866, at Charleston, South Carolina, by reason of expiration of term of service. The Twenty-second, (Captain Albert L. Spencer,) or- ganized March 27, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine volunteers as' Company I, and mustered out of the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Twenty-third, (Captain James W. Libby,) organ- ized March 25, 1865, was assigned to the Fourteenth Maine volunteers as Company K, and mustered out of the United States service August 28, 1865, at Darien, Georgia, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. The Twenty-fourth, (Captain Benjamin O. Barrows,) organized March 30, 1865, was assigned to the First Bat- talion infantry as Company B, and mustered out of the United States service April 5, 1866, at Charleston, South Carolina, by reason of expiration of term of ser- vice. The Twenty-eighth, (Captain David B. Chesley). The men enlisted for this company were all sworn into the United States service by either Provost Marshals or regu- larly appointed Mustering Officers. They were never mustered into company organization from the fact that re- cruiting was stopped before the maximum number of men was presented. They were discharged May 13, 1865, at Augusta, Maine, ifi accordance with special instruc- tions from the War Department, dated April 30, 1865. The Thirtieth, (Captain Samuel L. Oilman,) organized April 14, 1865, remained at Augusta, Maine, and was mustered out of the United States service at that place May 19, 1865, in accordance with telegraphic instruc- tions from the War Department, dated April 29, 1865. THIRD COMPANY (iN NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY). George H. Brown, Oldtown. FOURTH AND SIXTH COMPANIES. (See rolls of Companies L and M, Thirty-first Regiment Infantry.) FIFTH COMPANY. Shepherd H. Merrow, Oldtown. (Assigned to Company H, Nine- teenth Regiment infantry.) EIGHTH COMPANY. Charles E. Elwell, Bangor. (In Company I, Eleventh Regiment Infantry. ) NINTH COMPANY. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Malcolm W' Long, Bangor. PRIVATES. Perley Elden, Bradford; Willis E. Jackson, Holden; William M. Simpson, Corinna. TENTH COMPANY (COMPANY E, TWELFTH REGIMENT IN- FANTRY.) PRIVATES. » Enos S. Burlingame, Oldtown; Samuel W. Clifford, Brewer; Electus Oakes, Electus Oakes, jr., Hampden. TWELFTH COMPANY (iN COMPANY F, TWELFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.) Corporal Fred A. Small, Bangor. THIRTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY E, FOURTEENTH REGI- MENT infantry). COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John O. W. Paine, Bangor. First Lieutenant Adolphus J. Chapman, Newburg. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George A. Pritchard, Bangor. Sergeant Andrew F. White, Greenfield. Sergeant Benjamin F. Simpson, Dixmont. Sergeant Daniel O. Billings, Bangor. Corporal James B. Craig, Dixmont. Corporal Albert S. Smith, Newburg. Corporal George Bean, Carmel. PRIVATES. Albert Cookson, John Patterson, Carmel; Charles A. Oakman, Cor- inth; William C. Durgan, Wilbert D. Farnham, Dixmont; Albert F. Davis, Rowland; Charles H. Dole, Ernest A. Penny, Brewer; Orrin Howes, Newburg; Charles Libby, Bradford; Charles N. Massure, Bangor; Stephen W. Nichols, Orrington; George W. Robinson, Hampden; Roswell Richardson, Greenfield. FOURTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY F, FOURTEENTH REGI- MENT infantry). PRIVATES. Samuel Bodge, Obadiah M. Banks, Job Kelley, Frederick M. Whit- tier, Hermon; William Palmer, Albert E. Powers, William G. Lee, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 143 Bangor; William D. Bean, Winfield S. Lord, Charleston; Rufus Davis, Newburg; Parker A. Matthews, Bradford B. Southard, Samuel M. Short, Bradford;] John W. Morrill, Rowland, Joseph A. Seger, Brewer. fifteenth company (company h, twelfth regiment infantry). COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Henry L. Wood, Dexter. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles F. Fletcher, Dexter. Sergeant Benjamin Snow, Orrington. Corporal Myron Webster, Orrington. ' Musician John H. Mellor, Dexter. PRIVATES. Everett S. Baker, Orrington; Alasco Carey, Edwin S. Fuller, La- grange; Alonzo M. Eaton, Eben W. Murch, David Palmer, Cyrus G. Stanley, Henry S. Thorne, Plymouth; Rufus A. Smith, Newburg; Abner C. Mann, Argyle; Eh Fletcher, Bradford; Horatio Harriman, Lorenzo Harriman, Greenbush. SIXTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY K, TWELFT-H REGIMENT infantry). NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Josiah P. Cobb, Lowell. Corporal George H. Moore, Lowell. PRIVATES. William C. Brooks, Wilson Hill, Freeman Moore, HoUis A. Moore, Daniel Smart, jr., Lowell; Frederick W. Preble, Bradford: Henry M. Parks, Reuben Prescott, Jerem.iah S. Felker, Hermon; Samuel T. Mann, Argyle. SEVENTEENTH COMPANY (COMPANY G, FOURTEENTH REG- IMENT infantry). , NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Gershom Rogers, Bangor. Corporal Henry P. Landers, Bangor. PRIVATES. Charles A. F. Brodbeck, William M. McLaughlin, Nelson Mc- Laughlin, Bangor; Rinaldo A. Tidd, Prentiss; Henry C. Staples, Exeter; Henry W. Sweetser, Horace C. Chapman, Newburg; Charles F. Kimball, Bradley; Asbury A. Moody, Carroll; Marion H. Osgood, Newport. NINETEENTH COMPANY.. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Olis Gilmore, Holden. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant James Winslow, Brewer. Sergeant Ansel J. Rankin, Brewer. Corporal Alvah G. Skinner, Brewer. Corporal Leander Leach, Brewer. PRIVATES. James Bickford, .Aquilla Chase, Josiah Emery, Dixmont; Ehphalet Washburn, Zenas M. Shaw, Charles Rogers, Frank Merrill, Adelbert M. Gray, Henry Dority, Brewer; Charles H. Card, Glenburn; Joseph McQua, Peter Cromier, Oldtown; Charles G; Trask, Nathan G. Dyer, Bradford; Francis Gustin, Etna; George N. Holland, Hampden; Stephen M. Johnson, Lee; Fred O. Overlook, Danforth Snow, Her- mon; Joseph F. Smith, Alton; Edward W. Weymouth, Carroll. TWENTIETH COMPANY (COMPANY H, FOURTEENTH REGI- MENT infantry). Private Spencer Colby, Holden. twenty-first company. (See Co. A, First battalion infantry). twenty-second company (company I, fourteenth REG- IMENT infantry). COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Albert L. Spencer, Bangor. First Lieutenant Americus D. Harlow, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Wilson Crosby, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. .Sergeant Albert T. Titcomb, Bangor. Sergeant Thomas A. Jones, Bangor. Sergeant Tristram Haskell, Bangor. Sergeant John M. Rice, Bangor. Sergeant Charles A. Fuller, Bangor. Corporal Timothy J. Cleaveland, Bangor. Corporal La Roy Finson, Bangor. Corporal Lorenzo W. Starbird, Bangor. Corporal William H. Severance, Bangor. Corporal Charles A. Fenno, Bangor. Corporal Dee Henry Shepard, Bangor. Corporal Henry A. Tibbetts, Bangor. Corporal George E. Jewett, Bangor. Musician Albion Morris, Bangor. PRIVATES. Alanson Annis, Eben Andrews, Enoch H. Bunker, Timothy Crow- ley, Charles E. Crockett, Elliot W. Corson, Albert L. Chick, Edmund A. Duren, Otis W. Davis, William Dining, William H. Durgin, Frank Durgin, Lemuel P. Edminster, George W. Estabrooks, George G. Estabrooks, Frank R. Fuller, Albert W. Forbes, Eugene P. Fairbanks, Charles H. Fifield, Jesse A. Fairbanks, Albert S. Field, Edmund Free- man, Levi B. Getchell, William N. Gillies, Paris W. Godfrey, Benja- min Hodge, Edwin L. Heal, James Harrington, Daniel L. Hennessy, Edward H. Haskell, John H. Head, Martin Higgins, George H. Irish, Charles Inman, Isaiah W. James, George .S. Kimball, Jotham Lord, George D. Lunt, Dayton W. Lake, Richard Landers, Van R. Little- field, Andrew J. McFadden, Laforest F. Moody, John A. McCusick, Howard Merrill, Joseph W. Millikin, Alexander McKinnon, Michael Mehan, James G. Percival, Charles H. Page, Weston S. Patten, David F. Pierce, William H. Prichard, Franklin Patten, Horatio P. Perry, Willie R. Pitman, Frederick W. Pierce, Willard B. Peaks, Richard J. Robinson, John S. Rogers, Elijah Rogers, William S. Rackliffe, Charles B, Rundlett, George F. Sleeper, David Simpson, jr., Truman H. Snow, Charles A. Sleeper, William L. Seavey, James W. C. Star- bird, George F. Snow, George H. Tenney, John R. Thompson, James H. Tracy, David K. Tuck, Horace F. Woods, John A. Woodworth, Joseph H. Washburn, Daniel W. Warren, Elmer L. Winslow, John B. Young, Michael Coate, William Corbett, Erastus R. Gray, Michael LeClair, Bangor; Allen T. Hodgkins, Jonathan W. Metcalf, Nathan C. Prichard, Oldtown; Charles A. Oakman, Corinth. twenty-third company (company k, fourteenth reg- iment infantry). PRIVATES. Eben H. Holt, Hermon; William H. Kilgore, John S. Rogers, Ban- gor; Charles H. Merrill, Prentiss; Calvin M. Olmstead, Martin G. Woodward, Springfield; Moses M. Page, Oldtown; Leonard F. Smith, Orrington; James M. Sanborn, Hampden; Benjamin H. Fowle, La- grange. TWENTY-FOURTH COMPANY. {See Co. B, First battalion infantry). TWENTY-EIGHTH COMPANY. PRIVATES. John H. Gowen, James W. Tolman, Bangor; John Holbrook, Ply- mouth; S.imuel S. Hinckley, Oldtown; Stillman B. Judkins, Garland; John E. Ward, Veazi'e. THIRTIETH COMPANY. PRIVATES. Henry H. Larrabee, Elias B. Trask, Springfield. COAST GUARDS BATTALION. This organization, composed of seven companies of infantry, was organized at Belfast, Augusta, and East- port, Maine, as follows : Company A (Captain Charles Baker), was mustered, into United States service at Belfast, Maine, March 18, 1864, to serve three years. The company left for Wash- ington, District of Columbia, on the 2d of May, 1864, and immediately upon its arrival at that place was as- signed to garrison Fort Washington, Maryland, which it occupied until May, 1865, when it was ordered to 144 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE Maine. On the 25tb day of May, 1865, the company was mustered out of the United States service at Port- land, Maine, by Captain C. Holmes, United States Army, in accordance with the orders from the War De- partment. Company D, (Captain Charles F. King,) mustered in- to the United States service at Augusta, Maine, January 6, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, was stationed at Machiasport, Maine, and was mustered out of the United States service^ September 6, 1865, at Portland, Maine, by Captain C. Holmes, United States Army, in accordance with orders from the War Department. Company E, (Captain James L. Hunt,) mustered into the United States service at Augusta, Maine, January 7, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, was stationed at Rockland, Maine, and was mustered out of the United States service at Augusta, Maine, July 7, 1865, by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States infantry, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. Company F, (Captain Charles F. Conant,) mustered into the United States service at Augusta, Maine, Janu- ary 6, 1865, to serve one year, was stationed at Belfast, Maine, and was mustered out of the United States ser- vice July 7, 1865, at Augusta, Maine, by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States infantry, in accord- ance with orders from the War Department. Company G, (Captain Winslow Roberts,) mustered into the United States service March i, 1865, to serve one year, was stationed at Augusta, Maine, and after- wards at Calais, Maine. It was mustered out of the United States service at Augusta, Maine, July 6, 1865, by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States infantry, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. COMPANY A. First Lieutenant Charles A. Barker, Bangor. Private Henry C. Hammond, Milford. COMPANY D. PRIVATES. Thomas J. Goodwin, Nathan C. Grose, Oldtown; Alonzo A. Har- riman, William J effers, Bangor; Eben O. Weed, Argyle. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Henry £. Sellers, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Harlow M. Hall, Hermon. Corporal Nicholas G. Reed, Bangor. Corporal James H. Clark, Garland. Corporal William H. Colby, Bangor. Corporal Abiather W. Carll, Bangor. PRIVATES. George F. Annis, William H. Pettee, Henry F. Derry, Hiram Emer- son, John W. Garland, William F. Johnson, George F. Luce, Eleazar Webber, jr., Hermon; Charles W. Boden, Jonathan W. Coffin, Norris U. Condon. John Davis, David G. Gillespie, George B. Hicks, Cyrus E. Hewes, Frank H. Jewell, Joseph M. Maxfield, William C. Perry, Timothy S. Ripley, Eldridge K. Trask, John Verplast, Bangor; Fred C. Coan, Henry E. Flanders, Adelbert Holt, George T. Haley, Charles E. Merriam, James W. Page, Samuel D. Rankin, Raymond Stillings, Roger Stillings, William H. Skillings, Garland; EbenTasker, Chelsea. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George Roberts, Dexter. Sergeant Stanley A. Plummer, Dexter. Sergeant George F. Fitzgerald, Dexter. Corporal Benjamin F. Eldridge, Dexter. PRIVATES. Sumner Brawn, William M. Johnson, Dexter; Peter Bohn, William B. Lowney, Bangor; Rowell F. Copeland, George L. Hart, Holden; Ira F. Sidelinker, Hermon. COMPANY G. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Edwin A. Reed, Springfield. PRIVATES. Jarvis C. Clark, Jacob H. Gould, Ira Gould, Henry B. Lewis, Spring- field; Appleton Gould, Charles F. Pratt, George A. Rice, Frederick A. Savage, Bangor; Eleazer Robbins, Hudson. MILITIA COMPANIES. Three companies of militia were mustered into the service of the United States in 1864, to serve in forts on the coast of Maine, as follows : Company A, (Captain Llewellyn J. Morse,) of First Regiment of State Guards Infantry, was mustered into the United States service at Bangor, Maine, July 7, 1864, to serve sixty days, and was stationed at Fort McClary, Kittery, Maine. It was mustered out of the United States service at Bangor, Maine, September 8, 1864, by Captain C. Holmes, United States Infantry. Company B, (Captain Josiah S. Ricker,) of First Regi- ment of State Guards Infantry, was mustered into the United States service at Bangor, Maine, to serve sixty days, and was stationed at Fort McClary, Kittery, Maine. It w£ts mustered out of the United States service at Bangor, Maine, November 7, 1864, by Captain C. Mac- michael. Ninth United States Infantry. Company H, (Captain Sylvanus Cobb, jr.,) of First Regiment Light Infantry, consolidated with a detach- ment of Company G, same regiment, was mustered into the United States service at Fort McClary, Kittery, Maine, April 27, 1864, to serve sixty days, and stationed at that place. It was mustered out of the United States service July 9, 1864, at Portland, Maine, by Lieu- tenant J. H. Walker, Fourteenth United States Infantry. COMPANY A, STATE GUARDS INFANTRY. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Llewellyn J. Morse, Bangor. First Lieutenant Roby Ireland, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Marshall Dyer, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Daniel Holman, Bangor. Sergeant Charles N. Rand, Bangor. Sergeant William H. H. Pitcher, Bangor. Sergeant John T. McNamara, Bangor. Sergeant Samuel T. Case, Bangor. Corporal Albert P. Baker, Bangor. Corporal Willis B. Bridges, Bangor. Corporal Daniel O. Butterfield, Bangor. Corporal Norris E. Bragg, Bangor. Corporal Daniel M. Bickmore, Bangor. Corporal John H. Libby, Bangor. Corporal Daniel F. Brackett, Bangor. Corporal Edward S. Perry, Bangor. PRIVATES. William H. Adams, William O. Ayer, jr., William L. Burton, Her- mon Bartlett, John Bartlett, Nicholas L. Berry, Charles H. Bryant, Winslow H. Curtis, Winslow L. Chase, Daniel S. Collins, John W. Dole, Scott Dunbar, George W. Estabrooks, Eugene P. Fairbanks, Albert W. Forbes, Charles W. Godfrey, Charles M. Griffin, David G. Gillespie, WiUiam H. Gilligan, Hannibal Hamlin, James H. Hayes, Edward W. Holt, Robert N. Harris, Harry C. Hallowell, Edward K. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. MS Haskell, Iristram W. Haskell, Llewellyn Haskell, James Hayes, Hiram S. Higgins, Ora Haley, DeWitt C. Johnson, Thomas A. Jones. Fred C. Jones, Charles K. Jewett, John H. James, James F. Kimball, Sanford C. Lambert, John McNaughton, John B. Megguire, Joseph M. Maxfield, George S. Maxwell, Albion Morris, Alexander Margesson, WeUington H. McAUister, Jewett McPherson, J. Frank Newmarch Sumner C. Paine, Charles F. Pratt, James Pattee, Willard B. Peakes,' George W. Renshan, Lewis Robinson, Truman H. Snow, Charles Smith, Charles W. Smith, Charles E. Smith, Charles O. Sawtelle, James S. Pratt, John W. Sleeper, Charles A. Sleeper, George F. Sleeper, George H. Stetson, George Tenny, Charles F. Thorns, Frank S. Trickey, John K. Wallace, Parkman §. Warren, William H. Wheeler, jr., John A. Woodworth, John H. Webster, Clement D. Wier, Calvin G. Weld, Edward T. Woodhull, John B. Young, James S. Young, Bangor; Herbert C. Arey, Granville Baker, Alonzo L. Thayer, Hampden; Andrew J. Taylor, Hermon; Parker Doe, Orono; George T. Rowe, Holden; Joseph A. Sterns, Brewer. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain J osiah S. Ricker, Bangor. First Lieutenant Theodore C. Johnson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George W. Stevens, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Russell S. Morrison, Bangor. Sergeant Ephraim G. Thurston, Bangor. Sergeant James P. Walker, Bangor. Sergeant John F. Kimball, Bangor. Sergeant Wilbur F. Brann, Bangor. Corporal Roscoe G. Cary, Bangor. Corporal John T. Gilman, Bangor. Corporal Joseph W. Freese, Bangor. Corporal Benjamin E. Walker, Bangor. Corporal John T. Strickland, Bangor. Corporal Joseph F. Tewksbury, Bangor. Corporal Charles B. Dodd, Bangor. Corporal Augustus M. Daggett, Bangor. Musician John B. Megguire, Bangor. PRIVATES. Edward P. Appleton, Frederic H. Appleton, Charles M. Bunker, George F. Barker, Thomas C. Barker, Leonard H. Bunker, George H. Bowen, Henry R. Bradford, Charles W. Burbank, Enoch F. Chand- ler, James M. Clark, John W. Coffin, James Cole, David E. Costellow, Patrick Crowley, Alfred G. Curtis, George W. Curtis, Frank Dudley, Charles F. Danforth, Charles Drew, Edwin Drew, Frederick L. Drew, Charles H. Fifield, Isaac E. Fifield, James A. Fogg, Frank French, Arthur E. Gilman, George A. Gullifer, Moses E. Ham, Walter S. Hel- lier, Edwin Houston, Job Kelly, George Lansil, Gilbert L. Leighton, William B. Loriney, George S. McDonald, Thomas Murray, James L. Mountain, Henry C. Parker, Charles T. Perry, George A. Pritchard, John O. W. Paine, Albert H. Parker, Warren L. Raynes, George W. Richardson, Albert H. Roberts, John S. Rogers, Charles Shepard, Thomas Shepard, Frederick A. Sjnall, Emore C. Smart, Thomas H. Smith, George F. Snow, Frederic Staples, J. Frank St. Clair, Eben Stevens, Samuel B. Stevens, Samuel B. Stone, jr., Charles G. Taylor, Frank Thurston, Calvin A. Webb, WiUiam T. Webster, Henry W. Wiswell, Charles O. Wood, Ellery C. Young, Bangor; Joseph Arey, George A. Gates, Charles H. Dole, Joseph Grener, Sheldon J. Nealey, Ernest A. Penny, Willard H. Pond, James A. Winslow, Brewer; Wil- liam B. Peabody, Levant; Andrew J. Orcutt, Joshua S. Kenney, Hol- den; Frank H. Jewell, Hermon; George A. Crawford, Hampden. SECOND UNITED STATES SHARPSHOOTERS. This company was organized at Augusta, Maine, November 2, 1861, to serve three years. They left the State November 13th, with the Eleventh regiment Maine volunteers, and on their arrival at Washington, District of Columbia, was attached to the Second regiment of United States sharpshooters as Company D. They were stationed at or near Washington until March 19, 1862, when they were assigned to General King's Division, then attached to McDowell's Corps. During the year 1862, they shared in many important skirmishes and actions. In the battles near Manassas, the advance to Sharpsburg, at Antietam, and at Fredericksburg, their ser- vices were most effective. On the isth of December, they re-crossed the Rappahannock river from Fredericks- burg, and went into camp near Stoneman's Station, Vir- ginia, where they remained until April 28, 1863, when they advanced towards Fredericksburg. Crossing the Rappahannock on May ist, they participated in the en- gagement at Chancellorsville on the next day, and re- treated across the river on the 5th. On the istof June, they proceeded towards Pennsylvania, and took a promi- nent part in the battle of Gettysburg on the 2d and 3d of July, after which they re-crossed into Virginia and encamped on the ist of December near Brandy Station, where, on the 31st, all of the men present re-enlisted for an additional term of three y^ars, and on the 6th of January, 1864, left for Maine, having been granted a furlough of 30 days. They re-assembled at Augusta, and there remained until the 24th of February. On the latter day they left for the front, and rejoined their regi- ment at Brandy Station, Virginia, on the ist of March. They remained attached to the Second regiment United States sharpshooters, participating in all the actions and movements in which that regiment was engaged, until the 1 8th of February, 1865, when, in accordance with War Department Special Order No. 47, of January 30, 1865, the company was transferred to and consolidated with the several companies of the Seventeenth regiment infantry, Maine volunteers. COMPANY D. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Bingham S. Edgeley, Greenbush. . Corporal Wilson R. Woodard, Bangor. Corporal Josiah Gray, Prentiss. PRIVATES. James C. Bradbury, Elisha H. Hodgdon, George Roberts, Burling- ton; James Doyle, James A. Osgood, Springfield; George W. Richard- son, Charles S. White, Franklin Riggs, Greenbush; Leonard A. Small, Carmel; Charles W. Smith, Charles H. Trask, Leonard P. Mann, Greenfield. FIRST REGIMENT SHARPSHOOTERS. This regiment, composed of six companies, was or- ganized at AugMSta, Maine, to serve one and three years. Companies A and B were sent to the field November 12, 1864, and on their arrival at City Point, Virginia, as- signed to the defences. Meanwhile authority was given to raise companies C, D, E, and F, which were organ- ized November 29th, December 2d, November 28th, and December 29th, respectively. Leaving Camp Coburn, Augusta, on December 7th and 30th, they proceeded to Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, where they re- mained untiljanuary i, 1865, when they were ordered to City Point. Arriving on the 5th, they immediately joined the two companies already at that place, and re- mained until the 21st, when it was discovered by the War Department that no authority existed for such a regimental organization, and accordingly the Lieutenant- Colonel commanding was mustered out of service. The command was then ordered to report to the Fifth Army Corps, and on June 21st, the several companies were consolidated with the Twentieth Maine infantry. 146 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. COMPANY A. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George M. Lufkin, Bangor. Corporal William Sprague, Lee. Corporal Thomas Dougherty, Passadumkeag. Corporal John Simpson, Lincoln. PRIVATES. John W. Bartlett, Franklin Ramsdell, Garland; Martin V. Bodwell' William C. Hanson, William R. Ladd, Joseph Nute, George H. Perry, Lincoln; Aurelius Cushman, William Crockett, Charles R. Oliver, Carroll; Henry Giles, Orono; Abner Hanscom, Benjamin Lan- caster, John E. Ludden, Lee; George E. S. Hutchins, Carmel; Jere- miah Philbrook, Springfield; John Simmons, Bangor. COMPANY B. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant William Hussey, Dixmont. PRIVATES. Sewall Douglass, Veazie; Joseph Grenier, Brewer. COMPANY C. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Allen Harmon, Winn. PRIVATES. Charles H. Folsom, Newburg; Lyman E. Gould, Dixmont; Alfred B. Gould, Corinna; Rufus L. Jones, Carmel; William Shaw, Bangor. COMPANY E. PRIVATES. Edward Carroll, Frank Cavanagh, Thomas Farley, Morris Harring- ton, John Martin, Corinna; Horace Knight, Brewer; Sidney H. Sin- clair, Springfield; Henry A. Tilton, Etna. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal Edwin D. Gould, Brewer. Corporal John Marshall, Springfield. PRIVATES. Samuel F. Carr, Henry Hayes, William McGlade, Henry West, Bangor; John Smith, Orono; Leonard H. Tibbetts, Hermon. FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY. This legiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, November 5, 1861, for three years. Companies A, D, E, and F, under command of Colonel Allen, took their de- parture March 14, 1862, arriving in Washington on the iglh; on the 20th companies B, I, H, and M, under Major Douty, left Augusta, and arrived in Washington on the 24th, and were joined on the 28th by companies' C, G, K, and L, under Major Stowell. Companies A, B, E, H, and M, under Lieutenant-Colonel Douty, joined General Banks' corps at Strasburg, Virginia, May nth, and were assigned to General Hatch's Cavahy Brigade. The remaining seven companies were assigned to General Abercombie's Brigade, and shortly afterwards to General Ord's Division at Fredericksburg, Virginia. On the 23d, Lieutenant-Colonel Douty, with his com- mand and two companies of the First Vermont Cavalry, made a charge on the enemy at Middletown, Virginia^ losing 176 horses with as many horse equipments; and then assisted in covering General Banks' retreat to Wil- liamsport by way of Winchester. On the loth of July, the companies under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Douty joined the regiment at Warrenton, Virginia; and on the 9th of August the whole regiment, under'com- mand of Colonel Allen, attached to Bayard's Brigade took part in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia' They retreated with General Pope's forces to Fairfax Court House, Virginia, where they arrived September 3d, and reported to General Reno, having had an en- gagement with the enemy at Brandy Station on the morning of August 20th. The regiment arrived at Washington, District of Columbia, on the 4th of Sep- tember, was attached to Burnside's Corps, and partici- pated on the 1 2th in the engagement at Frederick, Maryland, where the regiment (with the exception of companies G, M, and H,) remained encamped. Colonel Allen receiving the appointment of Military Governor. Company G, acting as General Reno's body guard, participated in the battle of South Mountain, Maryland, on the 14th; and companies M and H, under General F. J. Porter, in that of Antietam on the 17th. The total number of horses lost in action- and worn out in service during the year amounted to nearly 700. The regiment was relieved froni duty at Frederick, Maryland, on November 2d, and December nth was assigned to General Bayard's Cavalry Brigade, at Fal- mouth, Virginia, afterwards commanded by General Gregg, under whose command the regiment reiiiained until February 20, 1863, when it was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, Colonel J. Kilpatrick commanding. From April 13th to June 8th the regi- ment was engaged in several reconnoissances and engage- ments, and on the 17th participated in the action at Aldie, Virginia, Colonel Douty being killed while.gallantly charging at the head of his men, also Captain Sumraatt while rallying his men under a murderous fire of grape and canister. On the 19th the regiment was engaged at Middleburg, Virginia, at Upperville, Virginia, on the 21st, and arrived at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2d, where it was engaged in a severe cavalry iight on the right of the Federal lines on the 3d. At Shepherdstown, on the 1 6th, the regiment went to the support of the pickets of the Tenth New York, who were attacked by the enemy in large force, led by General Stuart, and was engaged in a severe and hotly contested fight, lasting till after dark. From Augtist 24th to December 23d, the regi- ment was engaged in several battles, skirmishes, and re- • connoissances. From the latter date to January i, 1864, it was encamped near Bealton Station, Virginia, when they proceeded with the Second Division Cavalry Corps to Front Royal, returning on the 4th to Warrenton, and there remained engaged in picket and other duties until February 27th, on which day 300 men reported to Gen- eral Kilpatrick for duty in the expedition to Richmond, during which the detachment participated in several en- gagements with the enemy; returned by transports to Alexandria, Virginia, arriving there on the 12th of March, having lost during the raid, in killed, wounded, and mis- sing, 93 men and over 200 horses. On the 7th and 8th of May the regiment had a severe engagement with the enemy at Todd's Tavern, and on the 9th the regiment moved with the Cavalry Corps on General Sheridan's first raid, until within three miles of Richmond, and went into camp near Pole-cat river, when the raid ended, On the 2d of June the regiment was engaged with the enemy on the Cold Harbor Road, when Chaplain Bart- lett was instantly killed by a solid shot. On the nth HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 147 the regiment participated in the action at Trevilian's Station, on the 24th at St. Mary's Church, losing in killed, wounded, and missing, 10 officers and 58 enlisted men. On the 28th of July had a sharp engagement with the enemy near Malvern Hill. On the i6th of August par- ticipated in the engagement on the Charles City Road; at Dinwiddie Court House on the 23d, and at Ream's Station on the 24th, losing during the month of August in killed, wounded, and missing, 49 men and 75 horses. During this month seven companies of the First District of Columbia Cavalry were transferred and assigned to the several companies of this regiment by Special Order No. 17, War Department, series of 1864. In October the regiment was engaged in the actions at Gravelly Creek and Boydton Plank Road, returning to camp near the Jerusalem Plank Road on the 29th, the casualties during the month being ir killed, 55 wounded, and 13 missing. The original members of the regiment whose term of service expired November 4, 1864, were mustered out of the United States service at Augusta, Maine, No- vember 25, 1864. During the month of December the regiment was engaged in scouting and picketing. Dur- ing the year 1864 the casualties in this regiment were as follow: Commissioned officers killed in action or died from wounds, 7; wounded, 13; missing in action, 4; en- listed men killed in action or died from wounds, 69; wounded, 202; missing in action, 126. , On the 5th of February, 1865, the regiment started for Hatcher's Run and returned on the 8th, remaining in camp until the 26th, on which day and the two following it served as a support to the Ninth Corps in front of Petersburg. On the 31st, being at Cat-tail Run, it par- ticipated in one of the most obstinately contested en- gagements of the campaign, losing i killed and 4 wounded commissioned officers, and 70 wounded and 6 enUsted men missing. It also- participated in the closing battles of the war, and was mustered out of the United States service at Petersburg, Virginia, August i, 1865, arriving at Augusta, Maine, on the 9th, where the men were paid and finally discharged. FIELD AND STAFF. Major Warren L. Whitney, Bangor. Major Jonathan P. Cilley, Thomaston. Major George M. Brown, Bangor. Major Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. Major Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson. Quartermaster Andrew Griffin, Bangor. Chaplain Benjamin F. Teft, Bangor. Chaplain Samuel Fuller, Brewer. Quartermaster-Sergeant Orrin S. Haskell, Levant. Sergeant-Major Elisha A. Clifford, Lincoln. Saddler Sergeant Henry W. Norwood, Bangor. Chief Bugler Hudson Sawyer, Levant. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Warren L. Whitney, Bangor. Captain Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. Captain Llewellyn G. Estes, Oldtown. Captain Horace S. Cole, Hampden. First Lieutenant Charles S. Crosby, Bangor. First Lieutenant Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. First Lieutenant Llewellyn G. Estes, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Horace S. Cole, Hampden. First Lieutenant Miles Colbath, Exeter. First Lieutenant Orrin S. Haskell, Levant. Second Lieutenant Sidney W. Thaxter, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Horace S. Cole, Hampden. Second Lieutenant Miles Colbath, Exeter. Second Lieutenant Orrin S. Haskell, Levant. Second Lieutenant Leander M. Comins,' Lincoln. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Alonzo J. Sawyer, Bangor. Commissary Sergeant Benjamin F. Fogg, Stetson. Sergeant Llewellyn G. Estes, Oldtown. Sergeant Horace S. Cole, Hampden. Sergeant Christopher A. Page, Bangor. Sergeant Preston B. Wing, Levant. Sergeant Samuel W. Lane, Hampden. Sergeant Prentice M. Clark, Levant. Sergeant James M. Hall, Eddington. Corporal Sidney W, Clark, Levant. Corporal Milton C. Chapman, Newburg. Corporal George W. Snow, Newburg. Corporal James M. Hall, Orono. Corporal Evander Oakes, Greenbush. Corporal Warren O. Dougherty, Charleston. Corporal Benjamin F. Fogg, Stetson. Corporal Alonzo J. Sawyer, Bangor. Corporal Horace H. Lowell, Lee. Corporal Charles McLaughlin, Oldtown. Corporal James B. Farnham, Newburg. Bugler Richard E. Whiteley, Levant. Bugler Joseph W. Bartlett, Bangor. Farrier Joseph M, Batchelor, Foxcroft. Farrier Frederick A. Harriman, Bangor. Farrier Charles A. Sergeant, Brewer. Wagoner Eli W. Rowe, Brewer. Wagoner Robert RoUiston, Oldtown. PRIVATES. Prentice M. Clark, Augustus Lord, Nathaniel R. Roberts, Oilman H. Beede, William L. Burrill, Enoch H. Lake, Levant; Daniel Budge, Kenduskeag ; Isaac H. Brown, Martin P. Colbath, Hiram T. Drew, Albert Edgecomb, Hiram Peavey, Darius W. Peavey, Charles H. Stevens, Asa M. Stevens, William Young, Miles Colbath, Exeter; Augustus Young, Redmond O'Connell, Frank A. Lewis, Horace Labree, James M. Doe, Ansel Drew, Alonzo Drew, John Doe, Orono ; John C. Bowen, Charles E. Grant, Samuel Grant, Madison M. Grant, Andrew J. Kimball, Hermon ; Edward P. Worcester, Carmel ; Leon- ard Clark, Horace Croxford, James B. Farnham, Nathan E. Trask, Newburg ; Charles D. Thompson, Samuel A. Thompson, Henry San- ford, Horace H. Lowell, Elisha B. Cleaveland, Charles A. Cleaveland, William H. Cleaveland, Albert G. B. Fisher, Benjamin R. Frost, Lee ; Amos Caverly, John H. Day, Aaron B. Patterson, Anson O. Libby, Newport ; John P. Cram, Thomas Davis, Charles D. Furbush, John H. Head, James Jones, jr., Osman Libbie, George F. McDonald, Daniel C. Prescott, Sergeant J. Scott, Lewis W. Soule, John R. Thurston, John F. Tolman, Harris Webber, Otis E. Lufkin, George F. Mansell, Charles D. Furbish, William M. Durgin, Bangor; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna; Joseph Sylvester, Etna; William H. Severance, Walter F. Severance, Greenbush; Simeon M. Dawson, Garland; Nahum Emery, John Emery, jr., George E. Emery, Ephraim B. Humphrey, Charles F. Stuart, Henry D. Garland, Otis E. Lufkin, Joseph W. Phipps, Hampden; Groves O. Sergent, Valentine H. Dougherty, Charleston ; Chelsia L. Estes, Richard E. Lancaster, James Parks, Nathan L. Ricker, George M. Gray, Benjamin F. Jor- dan, Thomas D. Jordan, Zelotes Dancaster, Charles H. McLaughlin, James B, Peakes, Almon N. Ricker, Oldtown ; Dennis W. Palmer, Plymouth ; Charles A. French, Bradford ; Oliver B. Gates, Lincoln ; Orrin L. Merrill, Alton ; Dwight McNeil, Holden ; Edwin F. Steven, Corinth ; Albert P. Winslow, Winn ; Benjamin F. Young, Samuel W. Davis, Thomas W. Davis, Brewer. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Henry Dv Fuller, Corinth. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Francis A. Birce, Bangor. PRIVATES. Abner Dabb, Alton; Thomas H. Gulliver, Benjamin Bagley, Corinth; Warren F. Bickford, Asbury E. Soule, Horace Varney, Newburg; Zo- 148 HISTORY OF P^NOBSCOt COlJNTY, MAINE. radus D. Stevens, Charles H. Pickard, Emery Morrill, Andrew J. Kim- ball, Hermon; Seth C. Brown, Lyman H. Call, Michael G. Quinn, Jethro H. Hurd, Carmel; Benson Gowen, Phenix L. Dawsis, Alfred Crocker, John K. Clement, Bangor; William Y. Clement, Kenduskeag; William Coyle, Dennis Madigan, Alonzo Patten, Oldtown, Josiah B. Young, Milford; James T. Davis, Henry I. Tate, Uriah Curtis, Stet- son; Seward P. Woodman, Plymouth; Charles M. Wentworth, Wash- ington I. Rogers, Orrington; Edward A. Sylvester, Etna; Henry L. Mitchell, Dixmont; Calvin Carter, Anson Pettengill, Levant; Charles N. Merrifield, Orono; Oren M. Harrington, Newport. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Lafayette Damon, Stetson. Sergeant Hosea Knowles, Stetson. Corporal Charles H. Sanborn, Dixmont. Corporal Aaron L. Morrison , Charleston. Farrier Moses S. Pinkham, Plymouth. Farrier William M. Hayes, Orono. PRIVATES. William R. Locke, Etna; Alvin A. Dority; Freeland Dunning, Charleston; Mariner S. Johnson, Exeter; Albert S. McKenney, Roberj O. Patten, Stetson; Samuel E. Parker, Bangor; Charles H. Sanborn, John Craig, Dixmont; Josiah Nason, jr., Oilman Welch, Veazie. COMPANY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Captain William S, Howe, Stetson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Amos D. Brown, Hampden. Sergeantjames S. Merrifield, Orono. Sergeant James M. Adams, Lincoln. Corporal Benjamin P. Knowles, Hampden. Corporal Charles H. Miller, Enfield. Musician Hudson Sawyer, Levant. • PRIVATES. Thompson M. Brown, Henry L. Knowles, Hampden; Michael Culnan, John Dunan, Warren A. Jordan, Stephen Loring, Nathan B. Wiggin, Charles M. Smith, Charles E. McCoy, Bangor; Francis H. Blackman, Bradley; William B. Baker, Orrington; Charles W. Camp- bell, Gi-eenbush; Eldridge C. Crane, Kenduskeag; Eleza Edda, Ed. dington; Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Ambrose M. Lord, Levant! Davids. Perry, Jeremiah D. Webber, Winn; Frank A. Pennington,' Dexter; Nathaniel Reed, jr., Bradley; Albert Stevens, Lincoln; Horace C. Leavitt, Plymouth; John Swaney, Stetson; Hartwell E. Stowe Dexter; Hiram S. WiUa, Hudson; Abram M. Colburn, Orono; Oliver C. Tapley, Charleston. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Osco A. Ellis, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Osco A. Ellis, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant John A. Heald, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Bohan Field. Lee. Sergeant Henry A. Ramsdell, Lincoln. Sergeant Julius M. Leugarder, Lincoln, Sergeant Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. Corporal C. L. Goodwin, Lincohi. Corporal Hanson Hutchins, jr., Bangor. Corporal Gorham A. Folsom, Newburg. Bugler Charles W. Stetson, Mattawamkeag. Saddler Benjamin A. Osborne, Lincoln. Wagoner Gustavus L. Mills, Lincoln. PRIVATES. iah^E^^H.'?,"' Z^"^"' P-:>--''S"'-'. John H. Dolbin. Oldtown; Eli- jah E. Hall, James Connies, Robert Heathen, Henry A Ramsdell eremiahC. Dyer, Noah Hatch, James Ca.hcLrt, Flk'l " ' ^^Ls/S^l ?rv"- '^^"""°"' ^'""^"'"^ Robert' PentTand Charles P. Hubbard, Burlington; William A. Richardson, Amos Rich ardson.Greenbush; Michael Mangan. Charles Eddy, Ebenezer Eari, Bangor; Oren L. Bowker, Seneca E. Keene, Chester; James K. Mann Hudson; Thomas McGinley, Springfield; Raymond Lincoln, Dexter; Frank W. Leavitt, Orono; Marcellus Hoben, Orrington; Llewellyn H. Howes, Benjamin F. Folsom, Juan F. Flinn, Newburg; Henry W. Folsom, Oliver J. Folsom, Etna; Silas S. Foss, Lee; Cyrus F. Banett Hermon; Ansel Barden, Hampden. COMPANY F. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Sergeant Horace W. Bolton, Newport. Second Sergeant George F. Hamilton, Newport. Commissary Sergeant Paul F. R. Clark, Stetson. Sergeant David Greeley, Kenduskeag. Sergeant Otis W. Whitcomb, Etna. Sergeant John F. DoUiver, Kenduskeag. Sergeant Daniel V. Bolton, Orrington. Sergeant Alonzo Dunning, Charleston. Coiporal John Knowles, Corinna. Corporal Samuel W. Bridgham, Newburg. Corporal Daniel R. McKenny, Stetson. Corporal Hiram B. Sleeper, Kenduskeag. Corporal Austin B. White, Levant. Corporal Daniel F. Davis, Stetson. Corporal George S. Kelley, Newburg. PRIVATES. James M. Boyd, Preston L. Barnett, Daniel W. Lowell, Thomas S. Rice, Plymouth; Ambrose Reed, Nathan Moore, Orono; Stephen A. Berry, Edwin Hill, Garland; Orison W. Cole, Charles Dyer, William K. Kennard, Walter Sylvester, Horace Whitcomb, F. V. Whitcomb, Etna; Joseph P. Luce, Alonzo D. Miller, Bangor; Nathan Clark, John Caverly, Richard M. Daniels, Samuel Towles, John W. Good- win, Samuel Hurd, jr., David Lawrence, Frederick P. Townsend, George W. Wood, William B. Quiraby, John W. Goodwin, Charles H. Goodwin, Stetson; Waldo C. Beals, Patten; John Caverly, John W. Oilman, Richard McKenny, Alexander Jenkins, Almon Lewis, William H. H. Nickerson, John Page, Newport; Austin B. White, Nathaniel Souther, Atwood C. Souther, Howard M. Doyen, Levant; Elisha A. Devereaux, George A. Vamey, Newburg; William H. Wey- mouth, Cordon O. Stone, Prentiss Shaw, Corinna; William H. Daniels, Charles C. Hurd, jr., Edwin B. Melvin, James N. Prescott, Benjamin F. Prescott, Charles A. Russell, DaniehN. Tibbetts, Exeter; Elisha A. Webster, Glenburn; George L. Pease, Bradley; James Mc- Corrison, jr^, Kenduskeag; John S. Keisor, Corinth; Ira B. Harvey, Maxfield. COMPANY G. PRIVATES. Lucullus J. Coombs, Lincoln; Hanson Y. Young, Glenburn; CoUins Woodbury, Arthur A. Pond, Charles F. Harrison, Bangor; John B. Dwelly, Orrin F. Lewis, Jeremiah E. Patterson, Spriigfield; Stephen R. Fletcher, WiUiam H. Stanhope, Bradford; Jefferson Pichard, Plyihouth; David D. Dresser. Stetson. COMPANY H. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Daniel T. Mayo, Carrael. Sergeant John W. West, Carmel. Corporal Abiather R. Kendall, Carmel. Corporal Albert A. Pierce, Bradford. Bugler Caleb F. Ordway, Orono. PRIVATES. Hiram W. Allen, Lowell; Eugene Springer, Jack Gonyea, Walter Drew, Dexter; Melvin Allen, Sanborn J. Campbell, Corinna; Charles H. Whitney, George H. Rich, Joshua Ray, Henry A. Jackson, . Llewellyn F. Bickmore, Bangor; William E. Bailey, Bradford; Charles T. E. Clapp, Enfield; Daniel Webster, Exeter; John A. Merrill, Kil- burn Cowan, Frederick Holt, Orono; Charles D. Day, Brewer; OttoL Hall, Edwin S. Gates, Lincoln; Orrin L. Goodwin, Carrol; Rufus E. Jewett, Etna; David J. Blanchard, Levi B. Lewis, Kenduskeag; Perley Low, Levant. COMPANY I. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George Vinal, Orono. Sergeant William A. Vinal, Orono. Sergeant Charles Hussey, Orono. Corporal James H. Card, Glenburn. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 149 PRIVATES. Henry R. Cowan, Elisha E. CunlifF, Abraham M. Colburn, George P. Gipson, Rufus Johnson, Peter Jennings, Charles H. Moore, Albert L. McDonald, Joseph McKenney, George Morrill, James A. Neal, John B. Perry, George B. Stearns, Frank B. Wilson, Orono; James M. Woodman, Stetson; Horace B. Cushman, Dixmont; Walter D. Daniels, Newport; Josiah D. Hinds, Samuel J. Robinson, Orrington; Benjamin W. Jellison, Oldtown; John Kellon, Brewer; John B. Marsh, Albert A. Robinson, Corinth; Thomas D. Rogers, Exeter; Edward F. Spratt, PharonP. Spratt, Carmel; Nathan M. Shaw, Bradford. COMPANY K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal James A. Murphy, Lee. Corporal William J. Butterfield, Milford. Bugler George Barker, Milford. Farrier Sumner B. Newbegin, Milford. Saddler Edward M. Young, Milford. PRIVATES. Freeman H. Butterfield, Joseph Doe, Milford; Hezekiah F. Harris, Levi Bagley, Horatio W. Harris, Oldtown; Silas Blodgett, Joseph B. Peakes, Charleston; John E. Daniels, John Hagan, Lincoln; Albert C. Dyer, Etna; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna; Stephen S. Goodhue, Albert M. Jackson, William L. Hannon, Charles L. Phillips, Bangor; William Spencer, Plymouth; Charles E. Dearborn, Corinna; Allbert C. Dyer, Etna; Michael Hays, Lee. COMPANY L. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant George Weston, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant George Weston, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Benjamin F. Carter, Etna. Sergeant James M. Simpson, Brewer. Sergeant Nathaniel F. Sargent, Brewer. Sergeant Justin S. Nevins, Bangor. Corporal George A. Shay, Argyle. Corporal Frederick C. Brookings, Bradford. Corporal Charles C. Palmer, Exeter. Farrier Elbridge G. Jordan, Bradford. Farrier Alpheus R. Kingsbory, Bradford. Saddler Stephen M. Staples, Bradford. Saddler Henry W. Norwood, Bangor. PRIVATES. James Bumes, Henry G. Reynolds, George A. Wentworth, Orring- ton ; George E. Stewart, Hampden ; Richard J . Crane, George A Rowell, Bradley ; Addison W. Crowell, Dexter ; Charles W. Lunt, Greenbush ; John S. Mills, William G. Peaks, Oldtown ; Samuel B. Gerry, Charles H. Caverly, Newport ; Frederick W. Chase, Sylvanus R. Chamberlain, Abner L. Douglass, Lionel D. Gray, Elbridge G. Jordan, Stephen M. Staples, Bradford ; George W. Roberts, Lincoln ; Oren Shepley, Alonzo J. Sawyer, James H. Radcliff, Hiram B. Ingalls, Bangor ; William H. Canney, Elbridge J. Cone, Exeter ; Orrin H. Brown, Edward Cunningham, James B. Daly, Isaiah Guptell, Patten ; William J. Crooker, Alton ; John Streleb, Milford; Warren B. Mon- roe, Greenfield; Adelbert I. Friend, Daniel Frost, Brewer; George Wellington, Garland; Horace K. Tabin, Lincoln; Samuel B. Stone, Dixmont ; Sewell W. Smith, Eddington ; Cromwell Carter, Albert L. Sylvester, Etna ; Charles H. Johnson, Orono ; Lorenzo D. Chamber- lain, Hudson. COMPANY M. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George M. Brown, Bangor. First Lieutenant Charles K. Johnson, Carmel. Second Lieutenant Edward Jordan, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles K. Johnson, Carmel. Sergeant William H. Reves, Bradford. Sergeant Frank H. Wood, Etna. Corporal Linus E. Shaw, Alton. Corporal George H. Bartlett, Bangor. Corporal James C. Whitney, Orono. Musician George Bartlett, Bangor. Wagoner Samuel N. Cowan, Glenburn. Farrier Henry Ames, Lagrange. Saddler Edward Jordan, Bangor. PRIVATES. Isaac Chamberlain, Lincoln ; George L. Plummer, Miles Reeves, Forest Reeves, Oliver J. Woodward, George Rogers, Gustavus Mc- Clure, Thomas S. Reeves, Bradford ; Alfred Foster, Orlando Kelly, Eugene H. Otis, Joseph Varney, Francis Prescott, Newburg ; George W. Stockman, Charleston; Thomas F. Kellan, Samuel Ingalls, Royal Grant, Zelotes W. Trask, Bangor; Charies H. Gould, John P. Thompson, John M. Warren, Llewellyn Greene, Veazie ; Charles A. Heald, Lagrange; James B. Harris, Samuel F. Harris, Bradley; Frank Taylor, Leander P. Southard, Belden Southard, Alton ; Chester C. Pearson, Corinth ; Waterman T. Lewis , Newport ; William Merrill, Charles E. Long, Orono; Marcellus Corliss, Ivory H. Felch, John F. Harvey, Gustin Jordan, Daniel Leathers, Carmel ; John L. Miner, William D. Cowan, Glenburn; Charles Jewett, Edward E. Jewett, Eben G. Cross, Hudson ; Boardman Davis, Stillwater ; Stephen E. Harris, Dixmont ; William B. Grindall, Alfred F. Day, Brewer ; Seth E. Woodman, Plymouth ; John T. Watson, Stetson ; Samuel S. Var- ney, Etna; WiUiam H. Thurlow, Henry J. Thurlow, Lee; Reuel W. Porter, Plymouth ; George P. Phillips, Chester, Jefferson Spencer, Eddington. SECOND REGIMENT CAVALRY. This regiment was organized at Augusta, Maine, from November 30, 1863, to January 2, 1864; and, January nth, having been assigned to the Department of the Gulf, commenced leaving Augusta for Portland, for the purpose of embarking on transports for New Orleans, Louisiana. Companies A and D, and about half of G being the only portion of the regiment which had arrived at New Orleans, were, on the i6th of April, ordered to proceed to Alexandria, Louisiana, where they arrived on the morning of the 21st, and being assigned to duty with the Third Cavalry Brigade, participated in the en- gagements at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville, Avoyelles Prairie and Yellow Bayou, and rejoined the regiment at Thibodeaux, June 1st. The main body of the regiment arrived at New Orleans, in detachments, on the 18th, 19th, 2 2d and 23d of April. On the 9th of August, the regiment em- barked at New Orleans for Pensacola, Florida, arriving on the nth, and encamped near Barrancas, employed in fatigue duty, besides taking part in quite a number of raids, to Marianna, in September, and to Pollard, Alabama, in December. During the year the regiment lost by deaths i officer and 278 enlisted men. On the 23d of February, 1865, Lieutenant-Colonel Spurling, with 300 men, attacked the enemy in consider- able force at Milton, Florida, and after a sharp en- counter, completely routed them. On the 19th of March the regiment joined General Steele's command, concentrated at Pensacola, preparatory to the movement which resulted in the capture of Mobile and the open- ing of the State of Alabama to the advance of the Federal troops. During the whole campaign the regi- ment rendered efficient service, had several encounters with the enemy, destroyed a large amount of railroad and other property, besides opening communication with General Canby, besieging Spanish Fort, and capturing a jarge number of the enemy. After the fall of Mobile a detachment of the regiment was assigned to the Sixteenth Army Corps, being the only cavalry with that body of 30,000 men. The de- tachment did efficient duty during the long march of nearly 200 miles to the city of Montgomery, Alabama. In August the detachment was ordered to return to 15° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Florida, and rejoined the regiment at Barrancas. The regiment was then broken up, and small detachments were stationed at various points throughout Western Florida to preserve harmony, and to suppress any insur- rectionary movements that might take place. By the ist of December the entire regiment was concentrated at Barrancas, and mustered out of the United States service on the 6th by Lieutenant E. M. Schryver, Assistant Com- missary of Musters. Twenty-five commissioned officers and about ii6 enlisted men weie mustered out and dis- charged in Florida, to become residents of the South, making oath of their intention to remain there, and re- ceiving from the Government mileage in lieu of trans- portation. The remainder of the regiment, numbering 14 officers and 500 enlisted men, embarked on the 8th for Augusta, where they were paid and finally discharged on the ist. FIELD AND STAFF. Lieutenant-Colonel John F. Godfrey, Bangor. Assistant-Surgeon Louis E. Norris, Hampden. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICEE. Captain James F. Twitchell, Mattawamkeag. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joshua E. Blackwell, Patten. Farrier Ira Morrill, Patten. PRIVATES. Alex Bigger, Ebenezer Bigger, Archibald Bigger, Jeremiah Farewell, John George, Melvin S. Leslie, Martin V. Shaw, Cyrus Savage, Sam- uel Orr, Edward P. Sargent, Patten; Mark Femald, Sylvanus G. Stickney, Henry E. Trueworthy, Newport; Reuben B. Barnes, Winn; George H. Bagley, Liberty; Hannibal Farewell, Charles W. Kimball, Fred A. Noyes, Lewis Sargent, jr., Mt. Chase; John O. Allen, Stetson; Willie P. Harvey, Lowell; Samuel B. Reading, James Mahoney, Ban- gor; Andrew J. Flemming, John C. Whitney, Lincoln; Charles T. Spaulding, .Hugh G. Rideout, Springfield; Henry A.Mann, Clifton. COMPANY B. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICEE. Sergeant Homer R. Stratton, Hancock. PRIVATES. John E. Drake, Dexter; Charles JeUison, Charles A. Sabine, Paler- mo ; Lucien A. Luce, Burnham ; Charles A. Miller, Rockland. COMPANY C. PRIVATES. Edward O. Andrews, Thomaston; Erastus Marr, Washington; Albert A. Haines, De.xter; Burnett Leavitt, Bradley. COMPANY D. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Elisha G. Norton, Palermo. PRIVATES. Thomas L. Whitten, Elisha Atkinson, Clifton; Joseph Brewster, jr., Belmont; Albion C. Colby, Rockland; Elander R. Grant, Andrew D. Grant, Barzilla B. Greeley, John E. Richards, Leonard M. Shorey, Palermo; Lorenzo J. Hall, Samuel M. Haskell, Warren; Silas A. Sherman, Washington; Edwin E. Wentworth, Waldo. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. First Lieutenant A. J. Pickard, Rockland. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Commissary Sergeant Edward W. Farrar, Washington. Sergeant Edgar A. Hanaky, Rockland. Sergeant John S. Stevens, Union. Sergeant James N. Brown, Gushing. Corporal Adolphus A. Leavitt, Rockland. Corporal Cyrus Harding, Rockland. Corporal James P. Robbins, Hockland. Corporal Joseph W. Newbert, Washington. Corporal George Hall, Vinalhaven. PRIVATES. Benjamin Bartlett, Jonathan Crockett, John H. Dean, Ambrose Dill, Albert L. Fields, Samuel W. Hewett, Nathan A. Hewett, Frank A. Knight, Francis G. Melius, Samuel H. Pendleton, David M. Robhins, John E. Sanders, Ashley St. Clair, Pearl Spear, Michael Tracey, Wil- liam Wasgatt, Charles O. Wentworth, Charles P.Wood, Rockland; Ambrose Bailey, James L. Burns, William J. Callamore, George A. Hagar, Angelo Howard, George W. Humes, Edward A. Rhoades, Washington; Leander Woodcock, Thomaston; Warren Blake, Cam- den; Joseph W. Clara, James Deans, Wilder S. Irish, Alonzo Mad- docks, Roscoe B. Robbins, John W. Gowen, Union; Charles H. Leighton, Matinicus; William H. Kelleran, Gushing; Timothy Hall, David R. Ginn, Vinalhaven; Leander Elwell, St. George; Harrison Emery, South Thomaston; Melzer T. Dyer, Belfast; Frank H. East- man, Bangor; Charles A. Gilman, Dexter; Jeff P. Richardson, Dexter; Isaac Mills, Eddington. COMPANY F. PRIVATES. Charles Penney, James R. Corson, Alton; Albert D. Crocker, Dix- mont. COMPANY G. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Samuel W. Knowles, Bangor. First Lieutenant William Banton, Lagrange. Second Lieutenant Jason C. Chandler, Corinth. NON-COMMISSIONED OFF'ICEES. First Sergeant Alphonso Patten, Bangor. Quartermaster Sergeant Charles E., Wilson, Bradford. Commissary Sergeant John P. Wentworth, Lagrange. Sergeant Isaac N. Head, Lagrange. Sergeant Fred A. Fuller, Bangor. Sergeant Alden Gilchrist, Bangor. Sergeant George O. Miles, Oldtown. Sergeant John P. Jordan, Bangor. Corporal Luther M. Pollard, Bangor. . Corporal Addison J. Brown, Bangor. Corporal Isaac Mills, Bangor. Corporal George A. Herswell, Bangor. Corporal Thomas A. Hunt, Oldtown. Corporal Joseph B. Pierce, Milford. Corporal Robert J. McDuff, Lagrange. Musician William M. Plummer, Augusta. Musician Osgood M. Howland, Bangor. Farrier Lewis W. Moan, Oldtown. Farrier Joseph P. Luce, Bangor. Saddler John P. Drummond, Bangor. Wagoner Frank Taylor, Brewer. PRIVATES. Edwin Ambrose, Oldtown; Burton Bunker, Thomas J. Burke, Ban- gor; Reuben Bryant, George W. Blake, Lagrange; James Betts, Ban- gor; Nathan Clark, Oldtown; William Cleaves, Bradford; RinaldoV. Gary, Emery W. Cunningham, Lorin. Decker, Newton H. Danforth, Lagrange; Edwin Dillingham, John Dodge, Oldtown; John W. Dyer, Bradford; Frank H. Eastman, Bangor; John G. Emery, Lagrange; Charles Evens, Edwin Fogg, John F. Fogg, Charles Foster, Bangor; Isaiah Genthner, Brewer; David Giles, Bangor; Lewis Gonyea, Old- town; Richard E. Haynes, Nathaniel B. Haskell, Bangor; Isaac F. Heal, Lagrange; John Houston, Bradford; William Henries, Augusta; Ed- win S. Jenks, Bradford; Edwin S. Johnson, Bangor; Eben S. Keith, Oldtown; Frank G. Leighton, Philip L. Lowell, George B. Locke^ Bangor; William B. Lovell, Daniel Libby, William M. McAndrew, Bradford; William R. McLaughlin, Lagrange; John Mills, Bradford; Samuel Mack, Milford; Henry Moore, Bangor; Marcellus Nason, La- grange; James O. Preble, Bangor; James H. P. Perkins, Edward L. Perkins, Milford; George Pooler, Eugene Page, Bangor; Benjamin F. Robinson (first), Carmel; Benjamin F. Robinson (second), Corinth' George Reed, Bangor; Oscar A. Rogers, Brewer; RoUofif N. Sherburne, Bangor; George S. Smith, Brewer; Edward T. Sprague, William |. Sands, Jonas B. Smart, Bangor; Rufus A. Sanborn, Warren Spearing, Lagrange; Major F. Strout, Enoch B. Strout, Bradford; Frankhn Spaulding, Oldtown; Charles S. Trowbridge, Portland; DanielTowle, Lagrange; Charles G, Tozier, Oldtown; George S. Williams, Lagrange; HrSTOR-Y OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 151 Richard M. Woodman, Andrew J. Waltz, Oldtown; Eph D. Ddnnon, Jerry Denning, Abram Fenton, Bangor; Frank Smith, Brewer; Samp- son Spencer, Bradley; William D. Bean, Oldtown. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Adolphiis B. Mathews, Belfast. . First Lieutenant Daniel S. Simpson, Searsport. Second Lieutenant Marcus A. Vose, Montville. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Quartermaster Sergeant Thomas S. Keene, Freedom. . Commissary Sergeant John F. Gould, Belfast. Sergeant William R. Mathews, Lincolnville. Sergeant Willard L. Messer, Union. Sergeant Isaac B. Harris, Appleton. Sergeant George T. Osborne, Belfast. Sergeant Frank R. Lamson, Freedom. . Corporal William F. Hall, Lincolnville. Corporal George W. West, Belfast. Corporal William Gilchrist, Montville. Corporal Llewellyn Carter^ Belfast. Corporal Ansel H. Warren, Brooks., Corporal Thayer Logan, Waldo. Corporal George T. Ranlet, Unity. Corporal Reuben, H. Dickey, Lincolnville. , Musician Urban H. Hovey, Lincolnville. Farrier Otis Cummings, Northport. Farrier David L- Cross, Lincolnville. Saddler George G. Woods, Freedom. Wagoner Charles S. Vose, Montville. PRIVATES. Reuel Austin, Unity; William O. Benner, Northport; Henry Black, Dedham; Nelson A. Burns. Union; Edward Billings, Searsport; El- lison Cunningham, Waldo; Jesse G. Chambers, Belfast; Nathan H. Cousens, Monroe; Dana B. Carter, Freedom; Frtima H. Curtis, Mon- roe; James S. Crockett, Winterport; Horace S, Colson, Lyman Curtis, . Alden Carr, Thomas W. Currier, Frankfort; Alonzo D. Dyer, Mont- ville; Joseph Day, Union; James A. Dunton, Lincolnville; Alonzo P. Elwell, Waldo; Daniel Ellis, Ephraim L. Emerson, .Searsport; James H. R. Fickett, Knox; John C. Foss, Amos Gibbs, jr., Charles Gibbs, Brooks; Solomon J. Gray, Ellsworth; Isaac Heal, Searsmont; Edward P. Hanscom, Freedom; George F. Hussey, Hartford E. Hurd, Albert O. Hussey, Lincolnville; Byron A. Hart, Belfast; William A. Hale, Lincolnville; Oliver Jones, Brooks; Edwin Jackson, Waldo; Augustus Knowlton, Swanville; Francis H. Martin, WeUington Moody, Lincoln- ville; James E. Marden, Waldo; Horatio Martin, Appleton; J udson McAllister, Peleg W. Mathews, Lincolnville; Henry A. J. Proctor, Ap- pleton; Charles E, Porter, Lincolnville; James M. Palmer, Montville; Sherburne Peabody, Searsport; John E. Philbrook, Frankfort; Alonzo Poland, Montville; Sumner Poland, Morrill; Marcellus 3. Porter, Montville; Lauriston Putnam, Searsport; James E. Roberts, Waldo; Oscar Richards, Lincolnville; Benjamin A. Ray, Knox; Joel S. Richards, Lincolnville; Stephen 8. Smith, Belfast; Charles Spinks, Belfast; Jumes O. Snow, Lincolnville; Timothy Tewksbury, Belfast; Charles H. Thompson, Searsport; William F. Vose, Montville; Frank- lin A. Whitmore, Waldo; George A. Wentworth, Searsmont; John M. Walker, Freedom; Alfred D. Weymouth, Appleton; Moses C. West, Frankfoit; Warren B. Woodman,, Searsport; Daniel |. West, Belfast;' Benjamin R. Walker, Frank Wbitcomb, Searsport; John Young, Palermo; Gideon A. Young, Lincolnville; George W. Soper, A. Jonathan Woodman, Oldtown; Fred Winship, Dexter, COMPANY I. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Isaac W. Haskell, Garland. Second Lieutenant Nelson F. Libby, Corinna. ■ ■ NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Firgt Serge.ant Nelson F. Libby, Corinna. , Sergeant Edward F. Moore, Unity. ii t Sergeant Henry H. Blackwell, Newport. Corporal Horatio Knowles, Corinna. Farrier Justus H. Jackman, Garland. Farrier Charles Haskell, Garland. Wagoner Bennett A. Haskell, Garland. PRIVATES. Alonzo F. Batchelder, Daniel A. Bosworth, James M. Gee, Hosea Harlow, Jason F. Haskell, Frederick P. Thomas, Garland; Fred W. Johonet, Newport; John Smith, Eliphalet M. Jpnhson, Dexter; George W. Murch, Lemuel Reynolds, Joseph E. Reynolds, Fred H. Seavey, William H. Whitten, Unity; James Smith, Corinna. COMPANY K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Farrier Charles L. Haines, Plymouth. PRIVATES. Oliver W. Bragdon, Eastbrook; John Brawn, Edwin F. Young, Pa- lermo; Wilson Blake, Otis Gray, Thomis Gray, Brooksville; Joseph Hackett. Edward Hackett, Alonzo D. Moores, Castine; Marcellus A. Hardin, Unity. COMPANY L. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Farrier Hosea J. Joy, Ellsworth. Farrier Enoch J. Ames, Exeter. PRIVATES. Edgar B. Davis, Belfast; Benjamin B. Hills, William H. Lowell, Burlington; John Murphy, John E. Rhines, Charles E. Pinkham, Washington; James W. Nutt, Dexter; Andrew Newbit, Belmont; John Robinson, Charles A. Sukeforth, Appleton; Charles E. Wescott, Brooksville; Fred M. Ames, Bangor. COMPANY M. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles D. Chapman, Passadumkeag. Corporal Thomas F. Phinney, Stockton. Corporal William S. Farrell, Rockland. Bugler Daniel B, Dean, Passadumkeag. Farrier William H. Palmer, Freedom. PRIVATES. Charles H. Batchelder, Philip E. Haynes, Edgar Hathaway, Passai dumkeag; Stephen O. Young, Thomas Barney, Rockland; Adelber- H. Dickey, Stockton; Enos Dow, Palermo; Orrin C. Estes, Lee; Ell Garland, William Taylor, Ellsworth; Lysander Harriman, Dedham; George D. Higgins, Thorndike; Madison T. Jones, Washington; Silas C. Thomas, Camden; James Wright, Lincoln; Hiram E. Baker, Cor- inth; Lysander Ferren, Frank W. Millett, Levant. , FIRST REGIMENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (bAKER's) CAVALRY. Eight companies for this regiment were organized at Augusta, Maine, from October, 1863, to March, 1864, to serve three years, and assigned to companies D, F, G, H, I, K, L, and M. This regiment was originally designed for special service in the District of Columbia, and was under the command of Colonel L. C. Baker. After per- forming important service in and about Washington for several months, half of the regiment was ordered to Portsmouth, Virginia, and dismounted; the other half was assigned to General Butler's command, and partici- pated in General Kautz's cavalry raid in the early part of June, 1864. On the 23d of August the regiment had an engagement with the Hampton Legion; also partici- pated the next day in the action near Ream's Station. All the Maine officers and enlisted men were transferred to the First Maine Cavalry, August 25th, but did not then join the latter regiment, and remained doing picket duty on the extreme left of the army, on a line about four miles in length. On the 15th of September the regiment was attacked by a large force of the enemy, and after a gallant resistance was compelled to retreat, losing heavily in killed, and a large number being taken prisoners. The remaining men then joined the First Maine Cavalry, and from this date the history of the reg- iment is identical with that of the First Maine Cavalry. FIELD OFFICER. Major Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson. 152 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson, Co. D. Captain William S. Howe, Stetson, Co. D. Captain Andrew M. Benson, Oldtown, Co. H. Captain Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer, Co. M. First Lieutenant William S. Howe, Stetson, Co. D. First Lieutenant Eli Parkman, Charleston, Co. D. First Lieutenant Daniel F. Sargent, Brewer, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Eli Parkman, Charleston, Co. D. Second Lieutenant Leander M. Comins, Lincoln, Co. G. Second Lieutenant Corydon B. Lakin, Stetson, Co. K. Second Lieutenant Henry D. Fuller, Corinth, Co. M. PRIVATES. James F. Atwood, David J. Blanchard, William Y. Clement, John F. DoUiver, David Greeley, Moses T. Jackson, Levi B. Lewis, James McCarrison, jr., Rowland B. Pomroy, Minot C. Stearns, Hiram B. Sleeper, Josiah B. Young, Milford; Asa M. Young, Hampden; Fran- cis A. Birce, Orrington; William J. Butterfield, Milford; Silas Blodgett, Charleston; Fred H. Butterfield, Henry Barker, George Barker, Mil- ford; Frederick C. Brookings, William E. Bailey, Bradford; Albert J. Blanchard, E.xeter; Samuel W. Bridgham, Newburg; Benjamin Bag- ley, Corinth; Preston L. Bennett, Plymouth; Isaac S. Bicknell, Stet- son; David F. Brown, Levant, Horace W. Bolton, Newpoit; Stephen A. Berry, Garland; James M. Boyd, Plymouth; Daniel V. Bolton, Orr- ington; George W. Brickett, Etna; Abner Babb, Alton; Warren F. Bickford, Newburg; Cyrus F. Barrett, Hermon; Llewellyn F. Bick- more, Bangor; Ja'Son Burlingame, Oldtown; Osgood Cappers, Levant ; John Caverly, Joel W. Cloudman, Stetson; Orrin B. Caverly, Newport; James Curtis, jr., Uriah Curtis, Stetson; Orrison W. Cole, Etna; Charles W. Crockett, Paul F. R. Clark, Nathan Clark, Stetson; Benja- min F. Carter, Cromwell Carter, Etna; Elisha E. Cunliffe, Orono; Charles H. Crowell, Dexter; Charles T. E. Clapp, Enfield; WiUiam Coyle, Oldtown: John C. Craig, Dixmont; Elbridge J. Coan, Exeter; Abram M. Colburn, Kilborn Cowan, Orono; Leander M. Comins, Lincoln; Richard J. Cram, Bradley; James H. Card, Glenburn; Henry R. Cowan, Orono; Frederick W. Chase, Bradford; William H. Can- ney, Exeter; Charles H. Caverly, Newport; Sylvanus R. Chamberlain, Bradford; Addison W. Crowell, Dexter; Lorenzo D. Chamberlain, Hudson; Horace B. Cushman, Dixmont; David Crosby, Levant; Charles H. Cobb, Orrington; Stephen R. Crosby, Clifton, Arrona W. Douglass, Greenbush; Joseph Doe, Milford; John S. Deering, Etna; Edward B. Deering, Brewer; Lafayette Damon, Stetson; Alvin A. Doriiy, Freeland Dunning, Charleston; Elisha W. Devereaux, John F. DoUiver, Howard M. Doyen, Henry L. Doyen, Levant; Walter D. Daniels, Newp6rt; Richard M. Daniels, Stetson; Charles Dyer, Etna; Alonzo Dunning, Charleston; Stephen Davis, Stetson; John E. Daniels, Wil- liam H. Daniels, Exeter; John H. Day, Newport; Warren Dobbs, Etna; Charles D. Day, Brewer; Daniel F. Davis, Stetson; Henry R. Emerson, Levant; Oilman L. Eastman, Corinth; Henry W. Folsom; Etna, Samuel Fowles, Stetson; Oliver J. Folsom, Etna; Benjamin F. Folsom, Newburg; Silas S. Foss, Lee; Charies A. French, Bradford; Juan F. Flint; Gorham A. Folsom, Newburg; Stephen R. Fletcher, Bradford; Daniel Frost, Adelbert I. Friend, Brewer; Henry .S. Floyd, Eddington; Henry D. Fuller, Corinth; John M. Gilrnan, Newport, John W. Goodwin, Charles H. Goodwin, John R. Getchell, Joseph T. Getchell, Stetson; George C. Getchell, Levant; George W. Gipson, Orono; Lionel D. Gary, Bradford; Thomas Gulifer, Corinth; Charles Glidden, Newport; Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Edwin S. Gates, Lin- coln; Orrin L. Goodwin, Carroll; Fred Holt, Orono; James L. Hunt, George H. Higgins, Charleston; Charles Hussey, Orono; Hanson Hutchins, jr., Etna; Hezekiah F. Harris, Oldtown; Michael Hayes, Lee; Orrin M. Harrington, Newport; Charles C. Hurd, jr., Exeter; Samuel F. Harris, Bradley; William S. Howe, Stetson; George F. Hamilton, Newport; James B. Harris, Bradley; Ira B. Harvey, Max- field; James C. Huntington, Bradford; James W. Herrin, Gustavus A. Hopkins, Plymouth, Samuel Hurd, jr.. Stetson; D'Oscar Hopkins, Plymouth; Edwin Hill, Garland; Charies A. Heald, Lagrange; Hora- tio W. Harris, Oldtown; Henry J. Hurd, Corinth; Alto L. Hall, Lin- coln; Josiah D. Hinds, Orrington; Hiram B. Ingalls, Albert M. Jack- son, Henry A. Jackson, Bangor; Mariner S. Johnson, Exeter; Rufus E. Jewett, Etna; Benjamin W. Jellison, Oldtown; Charies H. Johnston, Rufus Johnson, Peter Jennings, Orono; Isaac N. Jenkins, Stetson; Alexander Jenkins, Newport; William K. Kennard, Etna; John Knowles, Corinna; John S. Keisor, Corinth; George S. Kelley, New- burg; Marcellus R. Kellogg, Patten; Hosea Knowles, Stetson; Abia- thar R. Kendall, Carmel; John Kellen, Brewer; George E. Kimball, Winn; Perley Lowe, Levant; Charles E. Long, Newport; Cyrus Leighton, Stetson; Daniel W. Lowell, Plymouth; CharlesE. Linnell, Le- vant; Charles S. Lary, Corinth; David Lawrence, Stetson; Almon Lewis, Newport; Corydon B. Lakin, Stetson; Samuel Lougee, Exeter; Ray- mond Lincoln, Dexter; Levi Ludden, Oldtown; Levi B. Lewis, James McCorrison, jr., Kenduskeag; Daniel R. McKenney, Stetson; Charles W. Merrifield, Orono; Edwin B. Melvin, Exeter; Richard McKenney, Newport; James A. Murphy, Lee; Charles H. Miller, Enfield; James S. Merrifield, Orono; Everett Mitchell, Etna; Albert L. McDonald, George Morrill, Joseph McKenney; Charles H. Moore, Orono; Daniel T. Mayo, Carmel; Nathan Moore, John A. Merrill, Orono; Elisha H. Megguier, Corinth; Albert S. McKenney, Stetson; Aaron L. Mor- rison, Charleston; Cornelius C. McDaniel, Orono; Dennis Madi- gan, Oldtown; John H. McCombs, Garland; Elijah Morrill, New- burg; John Mooney, Bangor; John S. Mills, Oldtown; John B. Marsh, Corinth; Justin S. Kevins, Bangor; James A. Neal, Orono; Sumner B. Newbegin, Milford; William H. H. Nickerson, Newport; Josiah Nason, jr., Veazie; Caleb F. Ordway, Orono; John N. Os- good, Bradford; Arthur A. Pond, Bangor; John Parry, Orono; Aaron B. Patterson, Newport; Robert A. Patten, Stetson; Frank A. Pedding- ton. Dexter; George L. Pease, Bradley; Anson Pettengill, Levant; John Page, Newport; Charles H. PuUen, Exeter; Alonzo Patten, Old- town; Eli W. Parkman, Charleston; James N. Prescott, Exeter; Ed- ward Porter, Bangor; George E. Powers, Orrington; Charles C. Palmer, Exeter; Charles W. Pickering, Albert A. Pierce, Bradford; David S. Perry, Winn; William B. Quimby, Newport; Michael G. Quinn, Carmel; Samuel J. Robinson, Orrington; James H. Rackliff, Bangor; George W. Rowell, Eddington; Thomas D. Rogers, Exeter; George A. Rowell, Bradley; Stephen P. Rowell, Orono; Thomas D. Rice, Plymouth; Benjamin F. Russell, Charles A. Russell, Exeter; Charles E. Rider, Bradford; Washington I. Rogers, Orrington; Fred- erick Reed, Bangor; Robert Rolliston, Oldtown; Henry G. Reynolds, Orrington; Albert A. Robinson, Corinth; Rodney W. Robinson, Brad- ford; Sanford J. Reed, Hermon; Prentiss Shaw, Corinna; Nathaniel Souther, Atwood C. Souther, Levant; Minot C. Stearns, Hiram B. Sleeper, Kenduskeag; Alton D. Spratt, Carmel; Corydon 0. Stone, Corinna; C. C. Smiley, Sanford F. Simpson, Levant; Albert Spaulding, Newport; Francis A. Shaw, Exeter; Nathan M. Shaw, Bradford; Samuel B. Stone, Dixmont; Albert L. Sylvester, Etna; George B. Stearns, Orono; John Swaney, Stetson; Hartwell E. Stowe, Gardiner L. Stpwe, Dexter; Sewall W. Smith, Eddington^; James M. Simpson, Brewer; Edward P. Spratt, Carmel; Levi W. Sylvester, Etna; Asbury E. Soule, Newburg; William H. Stanhope, Bradford; Nathaniel T. Sargeant; Brewer; Oliver C. Talpey, Charleston; John P. Thompson, Veazie; Henry J. Thurlow, William H. Thurlow, Lee; Henry I. Tate, Frederick P. Townsend, Stetson; Daniel M. Tibbetts, Exeter; Horace K. Tobin, Lincoln; Charles L. Tash, Chester; Zelotes W. Trask, Ban- gor; George A. Varney, Newburg; William A. Vinall, George Vinall, Orono; Horace Varney, Newburg; Albert P. Winslow, Winn; James C. Whiting, Orono, John M. Warren, Veazie; George W. Wyman, Charleston; George A. Wentworth, Hiram Wood, Orrington; JohnG. Wing, Franklin B. Wilson, Orono; John W. West, John William, Carmel; Horace V. Whitcomb, Etna; Seward P. Woodman, James M. Woodman, Plymouth; Frank H. Wood, Etna; Seth E. Woodman, Plymouth; Elisha A. Webster, Glenburn; John T. Watson, Orono; Austin B. White, Levant; George W. Wood, Stetson; Jeremiah D. Webber, Winn; Hiram S. Willa, Hudson; Nathan B. Wiggin, Ban- gor; Charles M. Wentworth, Orrington; Oliver J. Woodard, Bradford; George Wellington, Garland; Oilman Welch, Veazie; Oscar T. Chase, Bradford; Samuel B. Gerry, Newport; Marcellus Hoben, Orrington. Edward Sylvester, Oti.s W. Whitcomb, Etna; Rowland B. Pomroy, Kenduskeag. FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. This regiment was organized at Bangor, Maine, Au- gust 21, 1862, as the Eighteenth Regiment Infantry, to serve three years, and left Bangor August 24th for Washington, where, after occupying a position on the Virginia side, and doing garrison duty for nearly five months, in accordance with orders from the War Depart- ment the* organization was changed to heavy artillery, and by General Order No. 62, Adjutant General's Office of Maine, series of 1862, was designated as the First Regiment Heavy Artillery of Maine volunteers. The HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 153 several companies were stationed in the forts and bat- teries forming the defences of Washington, and there remained until 1864. The Third Battery of Mounted Artillery was temporarily attached to this regiment by War Department Special Order No. 144, of March 28, 1863, and served as Company M until relieved and re-organized as a battery of mounted artillery, by War Department Special Order No. 88, of February 23, 1864. The organization of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, with the maximum number of men required (1800), was completed in the month of February, 1864. On the 15th of May the regiment embarked on transports to join the Army of the Potomac, debarking at Belle Plain Landing; and on the 19th, near the Fredericksburg Pike, it took a prominent part in repulsing the heavy attack of the enemy on the supply trains ; the loss of the regiment in that action being as follows: Commissioned officers killed, 6; wounded, 6; enlisted men killed, 76; wounded, 388; aggregate loss, 476. On the 24th the regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Major-General Birney com- manding. On the 1 6th and i8th of June it participated in the charges on the enemy's works at Petersburg, Vir- ginia, the loss of the regiment during those two days being 7 commissioned officers killed and 25 wounded, 108 enlisted men killed and 464 wounded. The regi- ment also participated in the unsuccessful movement on the 2 2d, to establish a line to extend south of Peters- burg, losing about twenty men, chiefly prisoners. On the 1 8th of August, the regiment doing picket duty near Deep Bottom, Colonel Chaplin, commanding the line, was mortally wounded by a rebel sharpshooter, and died on the 20th. The regiment afterwards moved to the vicinity of Fort Sedgwick, where it remained until Sep- tember 30th, continually under fire; the loss in killed and wounded, however, did not amount to twenty. On the 2d of October the regiment participated in the movement in the direction of the South Side Railroad, and returned to Fort Sedgwick on the 6th, having lost 7 men; and on the 27th, in the action on the Boydton Plank Road, losing in killed, wounded, and missing, 3 commissioned officers and 29 enlisted men. The regiment returned to the front of Petersburg on the 28th, and was ordered to Cedar Level; and on the 7th of December took part in the destruction of Jarrett's Station, on the Weldon Railroad, returning to Petersburg on the i2th. On the sth of February, 1865, it partici- pated in the movement to Hatcher's Run, where it re- mained doing the ordinary picket duty till March 2Sth, when it was engaged with the enemy for more than one hour, losing i commissioned officer and 3 enlisted men killed, 1 7 wounded, and 6 taken prisoners. It also par- ticipated in all the movements resulting in the evacuation of Richmond and Petersburg, and the surrender of the rebel army under Lee — losing in the several engage- ments 4 commissioned officers wounded, 4 enlisted men killed and 21 wounded. On the 1 6th of April the regiment was at Bailey's Cross Roads, and participated in the "grand review at Washington. On the 6th of June the original members of the regi- ment were mustered out of the United States service, but the organization, composed of veterans and recruits of this regiment, and accessions from the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Regiments, remained and occupied the line of forts from Fort Washington on the Potomac to Fort McMahon on the Anticosti, until September 1 1, 1865, when it was mustered out of the United States service at Washington, District of Columbia, by Captain D. W. Van Horn, Assistant Commissary of Musters, in accordance with orders from the War Department. Leav ing Washington on the 12th, it arrived in Bangor on the 17th, where, on the 20th, the members of the regiment were paid and finally discharged. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel Daniel Chaplin, Bangor. Colonel Russell B. Shepherd, Bangor. Lieutenant-Colonel Russell B. Shepherd, Bangor. Major Russell B. Shepherd, Bangor. Major Christopher V. Grossman, Bangor. Major Charles W. Nute, Lincoln. Quartermaster Horatio Pitcher, Bangor. Surgeon Rotheus E. Paine, Hampden. Assistant Surgeon Henry A. Raynolds, Bangor. Sergeant-Major Nathan M. Mills, Milford. Sergeant-Major John A. Lancey, Bangor. Quartermaster-Sergeant Charles Dwinel, Bangor. Commissary-Sergeant Charles Dwinel, Bangor. Commissary-Sergeant George P. Pate, Bangor. Hospital Steward Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. Hospital Steward Joshua W. Tresley, Hermon. Principal Musician, Fred A. Edwards, Lincoln. Principal Musician Andrew A. Sawyer, Levant. COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain William C. Clark. Captain Charles W. Nute, Lincoln. Captain Samuel E. Burnham, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Charles W. Nute, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Samuel F. Burnham, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Warren A. Huntress, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Samuel E. Burnham, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Warren A. Huntress, Lincoln. Second Lieutenant Prince A. Gatchell, Lincoln. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant David F. Averill, Lincoln. Sergeant Joseph W. Knights, Lincoln. Sergeant Thomas B. Gifford, Lincoln. Sergeant John H. Taylor, Winn. Sergeant Hiram R. Bailey, Springfield. Sergeant Charles Merrill, Lincoln. Sergeant Prince A. Getchell, Lincoln. Sergeant Warren A. Huntress, Lincoln. Sergeant Luther Clay, Lincoln. Sergeant Arthur P. Budge, Springfield. Corporal Benjamin M. Griffin, Lowell. Corporal James B. Parsons, Glenburn. Corporal Thomas H. Stanwood, Woodville. Corporal Martin Scott, Chester. Corporal Samuel K. Thornton, Lincoln. Corporal Daniel S. Scott, Woodville. Corporal William Harmon, Winn. Corpoial Randall M. Davis, Lincoln. Corporal Frederic A. Edwards, Lincoln. Corporal David F. Averill, Lincoln. Corporal Joseph W. Knights, Lincoln. Corporal Jonathan Clay, jr., Burlington. 154 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Corporal James Warren, Lincoln. Artificer Herod Robinson, Exeter. Artificer Jojiathan G. Rideout, Lincoln. Musician William C. Shaw, Lincoln. Musician Charles F. Davis, Lincoln. Wagoner Benjamin Richardson, Lincoln. Wagoner Lyman H. Dolley, Lincoln. PRIVATES. James P. Annis, Hermon; Otis H. Bruce, Robert W. Bruce, Danie M. Edwards, Francis R. Jewell, Benjamin Dow, Horatio Nelson, Israel H. Nute, George E. Osborne, Thomas SuUivan, Francis -A. Sullivan, George A. Tucker, George Tourtillott, Augustus M. Turner, James Warren, William C. Warren, Benjamin Richardson, Nathaniel Bothwell, jr., John A. Davis, Lyman H. Davis, Oscar R. Fitch, Thomas B. Giftord, Austin Heath, Alvin W. Kurd, Aaron Kneeland, Thomas G. Libby, Edward C. Osborne, Jonathan G. Rideout, George C. Rounds, Albert Spearen, Samuel Thornton, George W. Tucker, James H. West, Adelbert Wtiham, Lincoln; Walter H. Randolph, Di.xmont; William Benson, Lorenzo D. Davis, Andrew J. Dill, Charles H. Hill, Mattawamkeag; Jeremiah b. Bartlett, Nathan C. Cole, Elijah M. Clements, John N. Leonard, Daniel W. Snow, John R. Merrill, Chandler H. Beale, Oscar Abbott, Newburg; David Berry, Orrin M. Crummitt, James Flye, George Lceth, Rosewell Reed, George H. Wilcox, Simon Devon, Charles W. Carson, Walter K. Kelly, Charles H. Johnson, Nathaniel Ladd, Dennis O. Leary, Bangor; Alba W. Spencer, Horace S. Reed, Orono; Jeremiah Avery, Greenfield; Jere- miah B. Atkins, Manly S. Brown, Levant; Amasa S. Flagg, John P. Crowley, Atwood Burnham, Andrew J. Pierce, Hudson; George W. Dill, Robert Clifford, Willard Knights, Lee; AmosT. Holt, Hiram R. Bailey, John G. Dolley, Enoch Grover, Isaac L. Olmstead, Albert Spearen, William W. Tibbetts, Springfield; John C. Ritchie, Hampden; Nathaniel L. Fisher, Corinth; Melvin J. Perry, Charles H. Lancaster, Corinna; William Pendleton, Charles H. Tibbetts, Benjamin G. Grover, Horace L. Peasley, Alonzo S. Tripp, Burlington; Henry H. Scott, John B. Scott, George W. Scott, Jeremiah Glidden, Addison C. Keen, Daniel McCurdy, Martin Scott, William W. Scott, Chester; William Mansell, Charleston; William C. Davis, Benjamin M. Griffin, Ivory S. White, Lowell; William Harmon, Samuel C. Leland, Henry Noble, Charles Noble, John H. Taylor, Winn; Henry W. Howard, Bealy Runnells, John E. Waite, Pattagumpus; John O. Hughes, Med- way, James B. Parsons, Glenburn; Francis L. Philbrook, Frederick Philbrook, Prentiss; Herod Robinson, Joseph E. Robinson, Exeter; Daniel S. Scott, George F. Stanwood, Thomas H. Stanwood, John R. Towle, Holden. COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Samuel W. Daggett, Bangor. Captain Frederick C. Low, Bangor. First Lieutenant Frederick C. Low, Bangor. First Lieutenant Andrew J. Hilton, Glenburn. First Lieutenant Miles McKinney, Bangor. First Lieutenant Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Charles E. Robinson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Charle." W. Lenfest, Milford. Second Lieutenant Isaac N. Morgan, Brewer. Second Lieutenant Albert G. Abbott, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Miles McKinney, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Edward L. Worcester, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Andrew J. Hilton, Glenburn. Sergeant Charles W. Lenfest, Milford. Sergeant Isaac N. Morgan, Brewer. Sergeant Albert G. Abbott, Bangor. Sergeant Herman P. Smith, Orrington, Sergeant William A. Webster, Glenburn. Sergeant Freeman D. Gove, Alton. Sergeant Charles W. Phipps, Orrington. Sergeant William K. Nason, Kenduskeag. Sergeant Edward L. Worcester, Bangor. Sergeant Henry L. Thomas, Bradford. Sergeant Sylvester G. Elliot, Holden. Corporal William H. Welch, Bradford. Corporal Miles McKinney, Bangor. Corporal Addison C. Percival, Hudson. Corporal Na(}ianie! S. Hoyt, Bangor. Corporal Gustavus A. Watson, Bangor. Corporal William A. Webster, Bangor. Corporal Charles H. Pond, Bangor. Corporal Herman P. Smith, Orrington. Corporal George H. Robbins, Bangor. Corporal Ezra McGray, Bradford. Corporal Marion F. Tyler, Glenburn. Corporal Ferdinand C. Burr, Brewer. Corporal Joseph B. Tibbetts, Glenburn. Corporal Alonzo Gray, Bangor. Corporal Willard B. Emery, Bangor. Corporal Wilmot T. Vickery, Glenburn. Corporal Simeon A. Hapworth, Bangor. Corporal Isaiah B. Bolton, Orrington. Corporal Charles E. Lovell, Bangor. Corporal Isaac P. F. McCobb, Bradford. Musician Charles L. Levalley, Bangor. Musician Elbridge T. Lansil, Bangor. Artificer Alfred M. Cowan, Glenburn. Artificer Charles H. Pond, Bangor. Wagoner Henry W. Hutchinson, Glenburn. Wagoner Charles Jones, Bangor. PRIVATES. William Alexander, Edward W. Gorham, Leonard McCoy, Thorn- ton M. Pierce, George H. Robbins, Edward L. Worcester, George W. Grant, Nathaniel S. Hoyt, Charles W. Johnson, Charles W. Jones, Henry J. Kimball, William S. Mayville, Henry H. Mayville, Patrick McCue, John P. Trask, Benjamin F. Whittier, Ambrose Boyle, Jud- son Dexter, David Estes, John Elden, David King, Jason C. Russell, William Bartlett, Charles H. Daggett, George W. Grant, Nathan A. Hopkins, Lysander Bragg, Artemas Butterfield, Manley Butterfield, Benjamin F. Buzzell, Isaac DufT, George M. Furbish, Samuel Gibson, Reuel Graves, Lorenzo D. Jones, Elbridge T. Lansill, Charles R. La- valley, Charles E. Lovell, Charles W. Lant, Richard P. McGrith, James McHugh, Charles H. McKenney, George F. Marquis, John H. Nason, Albert B. Rider, Thomas Savage, Joseph B. Tibbetts, Lemuel B. Whitney, Benjamin F. Whittier, Charles H. Whittier, Benjamin F. Adams, Andrew M. Davis, Charles E. Dodge, George Delany, George Emerson, William Allen, Andrew M. Davis, Bangor; Franklin Ware, Jeremiah T. Bowden, Henry A. Severance, Isaiah B. Bolton, Samuel M. Bolton, Timothy W. George, Charles W. Phipps, Albert B. Rider, George B. Robinson, Aretus H. Baker, Orrington; Harvey A. Blanch- ard, Albert Clements, Albert Smith, John Freese, Eli Veancon, George Inman, Joseph Labelle, Orono; Leander Vickery, Orlando Moore, Warren H. Kent, Solomon Morrison, James A. Giles, Jefferson Gray, George W. Barstow, Lewis M. Thompson,. John M. Beebe, JohnFra- zer, Charles E. Shaw, Charles H. Tyler, Brewer, George S. Gates, An- drew E. Gates, Burlington; Benjamin Jackson, Joseph O.Ward, Caimcl; Franklin S. Blayze, Greenbush, Joseph S. Hutchins, Nehemiah Brown, David R. Mills, Nathan M. Mills, Henry C. Hutchinson, Milford; Charles L. Langley, James Langley, Joseph R. Langley, James Lough- rey, Amaziah Langley, Stetson; Herbert T. Gibbs, James A. Cole, Alfred M. Cowan, Rosalvan P. Cowan, Henry Hutchinson, Herbert Leadbetter, Isaac H. Parsons, Willard W. Pomeroy, Marion F. Tyler, WilmotT. Vickery, Glenburn; W, JethroClark, Alton; Truman D.Gre, Charles N. Leavitl, Truman Gre, Corinth; Elbridge G. Gordon, Isaac P. F. McCobb, Jacob O. Mudgett, Charles Speed, John Speed, David Brady, Stephen Stout, Henry L. Thomas, Albert Treat, Peter Tibdo, Henry Bell, James M. Call, Augustus E. Clark, James B. Erskine, John C. Erskine, Alphonso Fletcher, Austin Q. French, John H. Fur- bish, Bradford; Calvin R. Billington, Dedham; Charles A. Colomy, Hudson; James A. Courtney, William K. Nason, John S. Smith, Ken- duskeag; Leander F. Elliott, Sylvander V. Elliott, Holden; John H. Tibbets, Charles T. Twombly, Levant; Ira B. Robbins, Appleton; William P. Hewes, Charles F. Jewell, Dixmont; Sappel Orson, Thomas Loran, Thomas Dana, John Kealing, Thomas Louis, Old- town; Sylvester C. Rose, Dexter; John Tomar, Lincoln; James Mc- Keen, Eddington; Elias K. Porter, Hampden; Henry .W. Rider, Peter Tidbo, William H. Welch, Bradford; William W. Tibbetts, Clifton. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain George R. Fernald, Levant. First Lieutenant Horatio Pitcher, Bangor. First Lieutenant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. First Lieutenant James F. Robinson, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Charles J. House, L^e. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. iSS NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George A. York, Bangor. PKIVATES. James F. Aldridge, Eben W. Foster, George G. Henries, Chris- topher Mench, William H. Porter, Alonzo Thompson, Benjamin Edley, N. G. Furbush, Andrew Garland, John Ham, Hezeliiah Lane, Charles D. Mowney, James F. Robinson, William White, Bangor; William J. Wilcox, Patten; Charles W. Allen, Hampden; Nathan Brasier, Oldtown; W. Alney Titus, William L. Carr, George W. Curtis, Dexter; Don Carlos Sinclair; Edward J. Howard, Brewer; Daniel Clifford, Lincoln; Edwin G. Brimmer, Charleston; Francis G. Knowlton, Dixmont; William W. Smith, Edwin T. Smith, Orrington; Josiah Towle, Joshua Walton, Enfield; David E. Cunningham, Brad- ford; Charles J. House, Lee. COMPANY D. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Christopher V. Grossman, Bangor. Captain Frederick E. Shaw, Bangor. Captain Abiather J. Knowles, Bangor. First Lieutenant Frederic E. Shaw, Bangor. First Lieutenant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. First Lieutenant George Rollins, Bangor. First Lieutenant William A. Beckford, Bangor. First Lieutenant James A. Dole, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George Rollins, Bangor. Second Lieutenant William A. Beckford, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Thomas S. Drummond, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. Second Lieutenant James F. Robinson, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Henry E. Sellers, Bangor. Sergeant Jonathan C. Lane, Bangor. Sergeant John S. Pearson, Bangor. Sergeant William A. Bickford, Bangor. Sergeant Albert Haskell, Bangor. Sergeant William A. Howe, Eddington. Sergeant Henry M. Howe, Eddington. Sergeant Hezekiah H. Lane, Bangor. Corporal Lorenzo D. Hoyt, Stetson. Corporal Joseph W. Covell, Bangor. Corporal James F. Robinson, Bangor. Corporal Corydon Ireland, Bangor. Corporal Calvin Kirk, Bangor. Corporal Albion K. P. Grant, Eddington. Corporal Almon W. Blackman, Eddington. Corporal Walter S. Gilman, Bangor. Corporal James W. Bowman, Bangor. Corporal Albert C. Ellis, Bangor. Corporal Frank W. Webster, Bangor. Corporal George Rollins, Bangor. Corporal Timothy Cole, Bangor. Corporal William A. Howe, Eddington. Corporal John Jackson, Bangor Corporal Thomas S. Drummond, Bangor. Musician Charles H. Finson, Bangor. Musician Charles H. Tuesley, Hermon. Artificer Amaziah Billings, Bangor. Wagoner Isaac S. Dunning, Eddington. PRIVATES. William C. Chamberlain, Otis Dunbar, Davis Ames, Stephen M. Bickford, John Bowen, Warren Boynton, Gorham Bulger, Prentiss M. Baker, Alfred W. Cappers, John Cox, Timothy Cole, George H. Cros- by, William Dixon, James Dore, Fred F. Davis, Thomas Donahue, Andrew Frith, Ichabod G. Furbish, Isaac W. Gillespie, Joseph Good- win, David Ames, Walter S. Gilman, Roscoe G. Johnson, Samuel P. Jones, Calvin Kirk, Walter Leighton, Charles W. Lowell, Thomas «McCluskey, Charles H. Merrill, Edward K. Moulton, Amaziah Bil- lings, William H. Bragdon, Joseph W. Covel, Adrain R. Drew, John W. Hurd, Christopher L. Hutchinson, Corydon Ireland, Hezekiah H. Lane, William W. Philbrook, jr., David T. Pierce, George W. Porter, John N. Prescott, Joseph B. Prescott, Harvey H. Reed, Frank S. Robinson, James F. Robinson, Thomas Rose, Reuben W. Seavey, Charles N. Smith, Charles W. Smith, Sumner Tibbetts, Rodolphus A. Tufts, William Wallace, Mathew Waters , Robert A. Webster, George W. Withan, Henry S. Hall, John W. Hanscom, Chris L. Hutchin- son, George A. Haskell, Charles O. Hutchinson, Joseph Hazleton Samuel P. Jones, Roscoe G. Johnson, Charles A. Jones, James A. Scullin, Horace A. Smith, Horace S. Smith, Theodore C. Stevens, John M. Tuttle, Alphonzo W. Philbrook, Eugene S. Philbrook, Samuel M. Emerson, Charles Parkhurst, Norris N. Pierce, Henry Pomroy, Frank S. Power, James Rediker, James F. Thompson, Henry S. Hall, John Hanscom, Timothy Mahoney, Archibald McDougal; Hosea B. Perkins, Jonas Page, Seward P. Richardson, James I. Smith, Benjamin Wiley, jr., John S. Libbey, Frank B. Whitting, James A. Dole, Richard Firth, George Firth, Bangor ; Rodolphus A. Tufts, Joseph P. Dorr, Josiah E. Hurd, Robert R. Damon, Paul Berry, Stetson ; George V. Bran, William C. Durgin, James B. Webb, Samuel J. Wentworth, Veazie ; Tristram H. Warren, Hudson ; Charles H. Tuesley, Stephen L. Watson, Hermon ; Simon L. Norton, Lee ; Abiather J. Knowles, Lagrange ; Edward L. Hunt, Jeremiah Cook, Oldtown ; Horatio F. Bean, Gustavus W. Bean, Etna ; Hiram G. Bolton, Corinth ; David Bishop, Pattagumpus ; Valentine Clevly, Charles H. Calef, Henry S. Campbell, Almon W. Blackman, Charles F. Broad, Isaac Dumming, Albion K. P. Grant, Henry M. Howe, Ed- dington ; Charles Shaw, Charles F. Pease, George H. Leathers, Dan- iel R. Leathers, Hazen B. Eastman, Exeter ; Charles A. Peavey, James W. Dutton, William E. Dutton, George A. Johnson, Emery W. Hatch, John T. Sears, Aaron Nason, Orono ; David Smith, Dix- mont ; Alexander Carr, Lorenzo Parks, John Jellison, Lorenzo Par- ker, Clifton ; John Patter, Jehiel S. Flanders, Hudson ; William H. Beatham, Lincoln ; George H. Fish, Carmel ; John H. Partridge, Hampden; Gideon K. Oliver, Bradley; Austin L. Jones, Holden. COMPANY E. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. Captain Prince A. Gatchell, Lincoln.. First Lieutenant Frederick A. Cummings, Bangor. First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. First Lieutenant George P. Pote, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Fred A. Cummings, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Benjamin F. Rollins, Dixmont. Second Lieutenant G. P. Pote, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles J. House, Lee. Sergeant Frederick A. Cummings. Corporal Samuel F. Tasker, Bangor. Corporal Ludovic O. Gatchell, Lee. Corporal Jeptha Young, jr. , Dixmont. Corporal Daniel W. Pettingill, Corinna. Artificer Richard P. Raynes, Bangor. Artificer Alpheus Rowell, Dixmont. Elisha A. Adams, Willard G. Delano, John Fitzgerald, Atwood Hillard, William S. Randlett, Richard P. Raynes, William L. Samp^ son, Henry O. Smiley, Samuel F. Tasker, Abeal Fowles, James R. Orne, David O. Pollard, David V. Fogg, Amos D. Orne, George G. Thompson, Eliphalet Emery, David Hewey, Moses H. Hubbard, Nel- son Hart, William L. Hodsdon, John J. Johnston, Charles E. Lord, Isaac M. Sanborn, Bangor; Isaac L. Sanborn, Newport; Benjamin D. Averill, Prentiss; George E. Ball, George W. Greenough, George P. Leighton, Exeter; Ezra Mitchell, Thomas D. Jordan, John Saul, Jason Burlingame, Oldtown; James A. Barnes, William Bartlett, Emerson Bartlett, Charles A. Gatchell, Charles J. House, Jesse J. Peacock, Ben- jamin W. Rollins, Charles Thurlow, Wentworth Staples, Lee; Prince A. Gatchell, Lincoln; Sanford W. Foster, Springfield; Andrew J. Reeves, William R. Reeves, Andrew W. McFarland, Bradford; Horace Decker, Lagrange; Sewall B. Blake, Dexter; Osborne Weeman, Ken- duskeag; Jeptha Young jr., Alpheus Rowell, Stephen Myrick, Dixmont; Amos A. Withee, Etna; George Thompson, Elisha H. Broad, George S. Woodbury, Eddington; Seth H. Brown, No. 3 Plantation; Joseph F. Brown, Greenbush; John Bradford, Alton. COMPANY F. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Lorenzo Hinkley, Hampden. Captain Roscoe F. Hersey, Bangor. Captain George R. Fernald, Levant. First Lieutenant Roscoe F. Hersey, Bangor. First Lieutenant George R. Fernald, Levant. 156 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. First Lieutenant Horace H. Shaw, Hampden. First Lieutenant John N. Batchelder, Hampden. First Lieutenant John A. Lancey, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Gardiner H. Ruggles, Carmel. Second Lieutenant John N. Batchelder, Hampden. Second Lieutenant James A. Dole, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Stephen G. Waldron, Hampden. Second Lieutenant George R. Fernald, Levant. Second Lieutenant Horace H. Shaw, Hampden. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Luther K. Patten, Hermon. Sergeant Nathan Emerson, jr., Hampden. Sergeant Asa T. Wing, Levant. Sergeant Stephen G. Waldron, Hampden. Sergeant James Goodel, jr., Hampden. Sergeant John W. Blake, Carmel. Sergeant Edward C. Tuttle, Bangor. Sergeant George E. Gilman, Levant. Sergeant Horace H. Shaw, Hampden. Sergeant Gardner H. Ruggles, Carmel. Sergeant John N. Batchelder, Hampden. Sergeant Horatio N. P. Spooner, Levant. Corporal Fred A. Chamberlain, Bangor. Corporal Bradley W. Abbott, Etna. Corporal Alonzo A. Orr, Argyle. Corporal Allison Blackden, Carmel. Corporal Edwin K. Stuart, Etna. Corporal Araunah Tracey, Carmel. Corporal Daniel R. Stevenson, Hampden. Corporal Stephen S. Sawyer, Hampden. Corporal David S. Farnham, Carmel. Corporal Simeon C. Whitcomb, Hampden. Corporal John H. Kelley, Bangor. Corporal Mark T. Emerson, Bangor. Corporal Nathan Emerson, jr. , Hampden. Corporal William M. Stevenson, Hampden. Corporal James A. Dole, Bangor. Corporal Charles E. Perkins, Bradley. Corporal James C. Gray, Etna. Corporal George E. Dodge, Carmel. Corporal Asa T. Wing, Levant. Musician Amos W. Twombly, Levant. Musician Andrew C. Sawyer, Levant. Artificer Otis H. Manter, Carmel. Wagoner Lafayette Brown, Hermon. PRIVATES. Joseph Appleton, Llewellyn A. Appleton, Bartlett Bradford, Cory- don C. Blackden, Loomis J. Felker, Owen D. Bradford, Augustus H. Collins, John A. Murch, John D. Small, Allison Blackden, Goff M. Blackden, John W. Blake, Peleg Bradford, jr. , Eugene Bunrill, Cyrus Heard, John Heard, Andrew S. Knight, Peter Patterson, George L. Robinson, Avandah Smith, Josiah Staples, Seldon Rogers, Arunah Tracy, Martin V. Tripp, Carmel; Abijah T. Young, Edwin K. Stuart, Daniel P. Reynolds, Harrison R. Friend, Joseph Carter, John G. Car- ter, [Eugene Lord, Bradley W. Abbott, Etna; Harrison L. Mitchell, John A. Urey, Henry W. Pomroy, Aaron W. Edgerly, Richard L. Beebe, Frederick L. Clark, Levi Corson, jr., Otis W. EUis, George E. Gilman, Orrin Houston, David A. Legrow, Thomas L. May, Charles F. Reed, James Turner, jr., Altheus O. Wing, Levant; Stephen G. Waldron, Hezekiah Whitcomb, Simeon C. Whitcomb, OUver Wray, Wm. J. Temple, John W. Snow, Francis H. Snow, Alphonso Smith, Har- vey Sawyer, Stephen S. Sawyer, Andrew Patterson, G. J. Nickerson, Francis E. Joy, Daniel R. Stevenson, L. M. Stevenson, A. E. Hardy, Frederick T. Hall, James Goodell, jr., Orrington Gowin, Levi k'. Mayo, Melvin S. Stevenson, Henry F. Stubbs, John W. Shaw, Hamp- den; John L. Robinson, James O. Knowlton, Corinth; Dennis Sher- bum, Newburg; Edward C. Tuttle, Charles J. Small, John H. Kelley, Nathan D. Hanson, Robert Fulton, jr. , Frederick A. Chamberlain,' John A. Lancey, Roscoe Johnston, Dennis Higgins, William Howard', Charles F. Clark, John F. Drew, Henry O. Keith, John F. Montgom- ery, Rodney J. Taylor, Bangor; Charles P. Wheeler, Newport; Joshua W. Tuesley, Robert Swan, Samuel Snow, James J. Reeves,' Samuel Pomroy, Thomas Miller, Charles H. Maddocks, Ephraim j'. Drew, Sylvester Drew, Charles R. Clark, Jacob R. Bowen, George W. Taylor, George A. York, David W. Barrett, Edward R. Maddocks, John Hall, Isaac W. Grant, OrvilleJ. Dorman, James Booker, Sanford Annis, Hermon; John H. Bell, Henry M. French, Hugh S. Skillin Garland; John W. Smith, William T. Gray, Ransom C. Dodge, Am^ brose Nason, Bradley; Rufus H. Gilman, Exeter; Charles B. Smith, Charles O. Perry, Franklin C. Barwise, Brewer; Oliver P. Hodgdon, Kenduskeag; Henry Lord, Dexter; Alonzo A, Orr, Stephen Grant, George F. Bussell, Darius G. Brown, Argyle; Timothy Murphy, Orono; Osgood W. Stevens, Bradford; Alva M. Chick, Dixitiont; Isaac A, Billington, Thomas Wentworth, James E. Wentworth, Orrington. COMPANY G. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Alphonzo A. Tozier, Veazie. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Corporal John G. Hammons, Etna. Corporal James C. Bradbury, Burlington. PRIVATES. Asa Batchelder, Levant; Henry W. Casey, Hermon; William H. Shaw, David Legrow, Frank B. Dore, Orono; Floriman D. Furbish, Edwin W. Gould, Randall N. Cochran, David McLane, William Ritchie, Charles Randlett, Bangor; Jeremiah Towle, Enfield; Sylvester Taylor, Newport; Alonzo E. Randall, Dixmont; William R. Belts, Elhs Mehan, James Jones, Cornelius Mehan, Nathaniel Spaulding, Hampden; Elisha P. Smith, Chester; Simon McLain, John Robinson, Oldtown; Alson H. Quiraby, Jethro S. Getchell, Etna; Josiah M. Gowdey, Timothy C. Atkinson, Charleston; Henry W. Casey, Her- mon; John S. Leathers, Carmel; Thornton E. Peavey, Joseph Peavey, Lincoln; Jacob McKenney, Stetson; Henry H. Sleeper, Milford; Charles D. Tirrell, Holden; Alonzo Cummings, Lowell. COMPANY H. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant John A. Lancey, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Corporal Asbury F. Haynes, Passadumkeag. PRIVATES. Alvin C. Casey, Edmund Perty, Loren O. Ward, Carmel; George Tucker, Greenfield; Benjamin Thomas, Charles W. Temple, Maxfield; Charles H. Dunham, Granville Dunham, Etna; Alfred Hirt, Bradford; Alfred J. Douglass, Exeter; John F. Norton, Springfield; Thomas Williams, George W. Tuesley, Hermon; William G. Jackson, Con- verse Thomas, Samuel A. Thomas, Frank Field, Lee; Charles H. Saulsbury, Orono; John W. Mitchell, Etna; Lewis A. Nason, John H. Jewell, George Jewell, Carroll G. Bickford, George M. Willey, Dix- mont; Charles E. Fickett, Brewer; Charles T. Haskell, levant; John H. Modrey, Bangor; John Carrigan, Milford; Josiah M. Whittier, Austin W. Whittier, Corinth; Dennis Higgins, Hampden. COMPANY I. COMMI.SSIONED OFFICERS. Captain John W. Atwell, Orono. Captain Andrew J. Jaquith, Oldtown. Captain Samuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. Captain Hudson Sawyer, Levant. First Lieutenant Andrew J. Jaquith, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Samuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Richard V. Moore, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. First Lieutenant Albert White, Orono. First Lieutenant Thomas G. Spratt, Orono. Second Lieutenant Lemuel J. Oakes, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Richard V. Moore, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Samuel W. Crowell, Orono. Second Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. Second Lieutenant Albert White, Orono. Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Spratt, Alton. Second Lieutenant Abiather J. Knowles, Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles M. Weymouth, Orono. Sergeant Alphonzo A. Tozier, Veazie. Sergeant Albert Guppy, Corinth. Sergeant Benjamin M. Foss, Orono. Sergeant Edwin F. Lord, Oldtown. Sergeant Isaac Q. Freeze, Lagrange. Sergeant Newton E. Bonney, Veazie. Sergeant Richard V. Moore, Veazie. Sergeant Albert White, Orono. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 157 Sergeant John E. Bennoch, Orono. Sergeant Samuel W. Crowell, Orono. Sergeant Ithamer D. Morton, Oldtown. Corporal John A. Cousins, Oldtown. Corporal Charles W. Southard, Orono. Corporal Edward J. Milton, Oldtown.- Corporal John B. Curtis, Orono. Corporal Charles Derocher, Orono. Corporal Edmund C. Parsons, Orono. Corporal Chesley L. Metcalf, Oldtown. Corporal Melville C. Marsh, Orono. Corporal Thomas S. Spratt, Alton. Corporal Moses A, Colburn, Orono. Corporal Charles W. Weymouth, Orono. Corporal Adelbert Sproul, Veazie. Corporal Charles Dernsha, Orono. Corporal Benjamin F. Oakes, Oldtown. Corporal Andrew S. Butters, Oldtown. Corporal George S. Oakes, Oldtown. Musician Moses A. Colburn, Orono. Musician William H. Grant, Bang;or. Musician Albert C. Palmer, Exeter. Artificer Andrew S. Butters, Oldtown. Artificer George T. Springer, Oldtown. Wagoner Charles Mercer, Orono. PRIVATES. William F. Babb, George B. McKechnie, Alton; Joseph Boardway, Bradley; Newton E. Bonney, William Doane, William H. Doughty, James G. Dudley, John L. RoUins, Timothy E. Phillips, Veazie; Charles H. Bosworth, Charles A. Burgess, Barnard G. Church, Thomas J. Cole, John A. Cousins, Erastus F. Emery, Rufus Gross, Theodore H. Graffan, William Grover, John F. Hodgkins, James H. Harrison, Calvin L. Hutchins, Charles H. Knox, Edwin F. Lord, Chesley L. Metcalf, Zina Michael, Edward Milton, jr., James M. Moore, Wentworth Nason, Ephraim L. Brown, Edmund M. Erskine, Alverdo W. Ford, Oliver Porter, Samuel P. Soule, George B. Stinson, George B. Smith, Lorenzo Warren, Oldtown; Joel F. 'Brown, Allen W. Buzzell, Ira Chapman, John B. Cole, John B. Curtis, George W. Dernsha, Oval Dernsha, Henry H. Doane, Richard Dowdell, George W. Doe, Benjamin F. Foss, Thomas Gilbert, Selden Hancock, Nich- olas Harris, Amos R. Lansel, Albert W. Marsh, Melville C. Marsh, Anson C. Morrill, Thomas Neddo, James M. Neal, Edmund Parsons, Henry Pooler, Leander Russell, William S. Averill, George Derocher, Augustus Goodwin, James F. Getchell, Leander R. Young, David Lord; Alexander Veancour, James Carey, Andrew J. Miles, Greenlief McPhetres, Orono; Isaac Q. Freeze, Lagrange; Albert Guppy, Still- man Guppy, John W. Ham, Corinth; Andrew D. Hall, William R. Washburn, Brewer; James A. Hathaway, Lowell; Josiah M. Jordan, Troy; Eli Andrews, Job Kelley, Daniel J. Flanders, Newburg; Alvin S. Archer, Francis M. Archer, Medway; Joseph W. Cottle, Alfred Cottle, Alfred Carter, Ithamar Emerson, Fred A. McKenney, Bangor; Moses Davis, Winn; James Davis, Lincoln; Charles H. Hardy, Etna; George E. Tibbetts, Horatio Tibbetts, Alvin Overlook, Hermon; Hen- ry Rowe, Peru; Thomas B. Worcester, Prentiss; Randall J. Wilson, Charleston. COMPANY K. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Charles B. Flinn. Levant. PRIVATES. Benjamin L. Crowell, John F. Ames, Charles M. Dority, Corinth; Solomon T. Trott, Amos E. Trott, Winn; Albert Scribner, Charleston; Elisha Simpson, John Simpson, Bradford; James Smith, Josiah H. Porter, Willis M. Porter, Charles Holmes, Oldtown; George E. Bradley, Clifton; Moses P. Carson, John H. Dearborn, Andrew Springer, Stephen Silk, Martin Welch, Gustavas Malmquist, Francis O'Brien, John Pomroy, James Rogers, Ephraim W. Stewart, John P. Sprague, Lambert Bancroft, John Dougherty, Bangor; David R. Lane, Eleazar Hutchinson, Lincoln; Henry H. Hurd, Plymouth; Franklin W. Emery, Glenburn; Justin F. Bourne, Levant; Nathaniel Treadwell, jr., Lowell. COMPANY L. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Charles W. Lenfest, Milford. Captain Horatio N. P. Spooner, Levant. Captain Thomas Foster, Hampden. Captain Benjamin F. Oakes, Orono. First Lieutenant Horatio N, P. Spooner, Levant. First Lieutenant Thomas Foster, Hampden. First Lieutenant George E. Dodge, Carmel. First Lieutenant Edward L. Worcester, Bangor. Second Lieutenant George A. Oakes, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant George E. Dodge, Carmel. Sergeant Joseph D. Sawyer, Oldtown. Sergeant Abiather J. Knowles, Bradford. Sergeant Joseph A. Burlingame, Oldtown. Musician Albra M. Perkins, Veazie. Artificer John M. Hamlin, Hampden. PRIVATE.S. John H. Booker, Horace Tibbetts, Hermon; John J. Randall, Orono; Michael Bramegan, Dwinal A. Haynes, Augustus D. Prescott, George A. Tibbetts, Albert J. Osgood, Charles Wiley, James Averill, John Bigelow,' Bangor; Charles Downs, Springfield; Henry A. Hig- gins, David G. Foster, Irad Walker, jr., John Finnegan, Hampden; John H. McMullen, Oldtown; Sylvester King, Lee; Franklin Chap- man, Newburg; Omar Shaw, Stetson; Rufus P. Patterson, Alfred P. Patterson, Newport; David Clendenin, Winn; George B. Crawford, Alton. COMPANY M. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Ezekiel R. Mayo, Hampden. Captain Fred A. Cummings, Bangor. Captain Charles Merrill, Lincoln. First Lieutenant Charles W. Lenfest, Bangor. First Lieutenant Prince A. Gatchell, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Whitmore, Hampden. Second Lieutenant Benjamin C. Frost, Bangor. Second Lieutenant Arthur P. Budge, Springfield. Second Lieutenant Andrew C. McCurdy, Lincoln. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Norris N. Pierce, Bangor. Sergeant David A. Knowles, Hampden. Sergeant Andrew C. McCurdy, Lincoln. Corporal Francis B. Dean, Bangor. Corporal Isaac A. Billington, Orrington. PRIVATES. Horace C. Griffin, Matthew Elslager, Charles H. Johnson, Henry O. Kirth, Ebenezer B. Ordway, Starling Mower, William Spencer, Bradley; Stephen N. Barker, Charleston; Orlando Moore, George B. Barstow, Brewer; William F. Butters, Exeter; William W. Lander, John Brown, Dexter; George J. McDowell, Eli Veancon, Horace Buck- ley, Orono; Oliver W. Bates, Greenbush; Andrew Clindinnion, Chester; John E. Hathorn, Bradford; Alfred H. Hoyt, Kenduskeag; Mark P. Kelley, Levant; Anderson P. Norton, Garland; Charles H. Philbrick; Newburg; Rufus H. Rook, Clifton; Josiah M. Whittier, Corinth; Franklin Ware, Orrington. . DETACHMENT FIFTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Charles Dwinell, Bangor. PRIVATES. Michael Brannegan, Dwinel A. Haynes, Augustus D. Prescott, Bangor; David Clendennin, Winn; John Finnegan, Hampden; John McMullen, Oldtown; Elon G. Moore, Dixmont; John J. Randall, Orono; George I. Smith, Hudson. FIRST REGIMENT MOUNTED ARTILLERY. This organization was composed of seven batteries, serving in different commands, which were organized for three years. The following is an official list of battles in which the several batteries bore an honorable part, so far as pub- lished in orders : First Battery (A)— Georgia Landing, Gotten, Bisland, Port Hudson, Cox's Plantation. Second Battery (B) — OSicial list of battles not yet published in orders. Third Battery (C) — Official list of battles not yet published in orders. 1S8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Fourth Battery (D)— Cedar Arountain, Antrietam, Wilderness, Spott- sylvania, Coal Harbor. * Fifth Battery (E)— Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spott- sylvania. Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Opequan, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek. Sixth Battery (F)— Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom. Seventh Battery (G)— Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Reams's Station, Poplar Spring Church. THE FIRST MOUNTED BATTERY was organized at Portland, December i8, 1861, and on the following day went to Camp Chase, Lowell, Massa- chusetts, where it remained until February 6, 1862, and left Boston on the 8th for Ship Island, Mississippi, land- ing there March loth. On the isth of May it arrived in New Orleans, and immediately entered upon patrol and garrison duty, which it performed until October ist, when it was assigned to Brigadier-General Weitzel's re- serve brigade at Carrolton. On the 24th of the same month the battery embarked on transports for Donald- sonville, and on the 27th participated in the engagement at Labadieville, after which it went into camp near Thi- bodeaux, where it remained until January 11, 1863, and on that day proceeded towards Pattersonville on the Teche, where, on the 14th, it was, throughout the whole day, constantly engaged with the enemy. The battery afterwards returned to Thibodeaux, and thence to Bra- shear City. On the 12th and 13th of April the battery was engaged with the enemy at Bisland, and on the 27th at Port Hudson, where it lost i man killed and 13 wounded, also 13 horses killed. Immediately after the fall of Port Hudson, where it was under fire more or less every day, the battery embarked for Donaldsonville, where it took a prominent part in the engagement of the 13th of July, losing i man killed and 15 wounded, also 16 horses killed. On the 3d of August the battery ar- rived at Baton Rouge, and on the i8th of September it was assigned to General Franklin's Army Corps, and en- camped near New Iberia. On the 2gth day of Decem- ber, every man present for duty with the battery, re-en- listed for three years, under War Department order authorizing such re-enlistment of men who had served two years, the muster-in taking place January i, 1864. The battery arrived in New Orleans on the 20th of Jan- uary, and on the loth of February the re-enlisted men came North on a furlough of thirty days, arriving at Augusta, Maine, on the 2 2d, where they rendezvoused on the 2 2d of March, remaining until April 4th, when the battery moved to Portland, leaving there on the 15th for Annapolis, Maryland, having been assigned to Gen- eral Burnside's Corps. On its arrival at Annapolis, on the 19th, the battery was ordered to Washington, District of Columbia, where, on the 12th of July, it assisted in repelling the rebel forces under General Early at Fort Stevens, and on the 30th was assigned to the Nineteenth Array Corps. On the 19th of September it took a prom- inent part in the action at Winchester, Virginia, and at Strasburg on the 22d, and on the 2Sth bivouacked at Harrisonburg, remaining until October 5th. The casual- ties in the battery in the several engagements from the 19th to the 26th of September, were 2 killed and 7 wounded. On the sth of October the battery proceeded on the return march to Cedar Creek, Virginia, where it arrived on the loth, and on the 19th participated in the severe engagement at that place, resulting in the complete rout of the enemy. The'battery lost in that engagement 2 enlisted men killed, r officer and 16 enlisted men wounded, and 8 men taken prisoners, also 49 horses killed. On the 9th of November the battery moved from Cedar Creek to Winchester, where it remained until January 14, 1865, when it proceeded to Manchester, Vir- ginia. On the 14th of April it returned to Winchester, and there remained in camp until July 9th, when it em- barked for Portland, Maine, arriving on the 13th, where, on the 15th of July, it was mustered out and discharged from the United States service by Captain C. Holmes, United States Army, in accordance with orders from the War Department. PRIVATES. Alexander Butler, William Jeffers, John J. McCasthn, Timothy Dris- coU, Stephen Russell, Bangor; Peter Dennis, Oldtown; Alexander Burton, Eddington; John Mahoney ist, John Mahoney 2d, Charles- ton; Elisha Sanborn, Brewer; Daniel H. Dearborn, Newport. SECOND MOUNTED BATTERY. Organized at Augusta, November 30, 1861. Mustered out June 16, 1865. PRIVATES. Charles E. Ring, Bangor; Leonard W. Mann, Greenfield. THE THIRD MOUNTED BATTERY was organized at Augusta, Maine, December 11, 1861; remained encamped until March 19, 1862, when they left for Portland, where, after remaining in barracks at Island Park until April ist, they left for Washington, arriving in that city on the 3d. They were detached, on the 14th, to act as pontooniers under General McDowell, in which capacity they served until November 7th, when they returned to Fort Lincoln, where they engaged in building battery "Maine." On the 28th of March, 1863, the Third Battery was transferred to the First Regi- ment Heavy Artillery, Maine volunteers, and assigned as Company M. On the 5 th of January, 1864, 72 men, three-fourths of the whole number of men then belong- ing to the battery, re-enlisted for three years, and arrived at Augusta, Maine, January 21st, when the men were granted a furlough of thirty days; they rendezvoused at Au- gusta, on the 2 2d of February, preparatory to rejoining the First Heavy Artillery. At this date, however, orders were received from the War Department, detaching the organization from the lattef regiment and re-organizing it as the Third Battery of Mounted Artillery, with orders to report at Camp Barry, Washington, District of Columbia, where they arrived on the 28th of February. The bat- tery remained at Camp Barry until the 5th of July, when it proceeded to City Point, Virginia, and on the 9th was assigned to the Third Division of the Ninth Army Corps, then in position in front of Petersburg, before the rebel works in front of Cemetery Hill, which position it oc- cupied until the 19th of August, during the interval be- ing more or less engaged daily with the enemy's batteries. It bore an honorable part in the general engagement of July 30th, — the mine explosion. On the 30th of August the battery was transferred to the Reserve Artillery Corps, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 159 Army of the Potomac, and on the 2Sth of October moved to the defences of City Point, having been in position in the trenches before the rebel works in front of Petersburg from the 9th of July till the 25th of October, with but three days exception. The battery re- mained on duty at the defences of City Point until May 3, 1865, when it proceeded to Washington, District of Columbia, and on the 2d of June left that place for Maine, arriving at Augusta on the 6th, where, on the 17th, it was mustered out of the United States service by Captain W. G. Rankin, Thirteenth United States In- fantry, and on the 22d the men were paid and finally discharged. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain James G. Swett, Bangor. Captain Ezelciel R. IVIayo, Hampden. First Lieutenant Ezekiel R. Mayo, Hampden. First Lieutenant Seth Allen Emery, Bangor. First Lieutenant Joseph W. Whitraore, Hampden. Second Lieutenant Melville C. Burgess, Hermon. Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Whitmore, Hampden. Second Lieutenant J osiah N. Baker, Orrington. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant John Tabor, Bangor. Sergeant Thomas R. Smith, Milford. Sergeant Abner Shepherd, Dexter. Sergeant John Bunker, Brewer. Sergeant George W. Goodell, Hampden. Corporal Alonzo E. Ricker, Bangor. Corporal William H. Cates, Bangor. Corporal A. B. Baker, Orrington. - Corporal Daniel Emerson, Hermon. Corporal Joseph G. Nichols, Dexter. Corporal Timothy Stubbs, jr., Orrington. Corporal Joseph A. Smith, Orrington. Corporal George F, McDonald, Brewer. Musician George W. Smith, Brewer. Musician Henry Parger, jr., Biewer. Artificer Daniel P. Colson, Brewer. Wagoner Charles H. Sprague, Corinna. PRIVATES. Edward Adams, Henry Bowen, Edward Allen, Henry N. Carey, Samuel C. Davis, William J. Estabrook, Charles H. Forbes, Frank H. Hall, Samuel W. Jones, Wilham Norwood, Josiah M. Mayberry, William G. Ricker, Charles Ricker, Jeremiah N. Richardson, John Snow, Edward J. H. Snow, William Littlefield, Daniel Littlefield, George .\. McDonald, John C. Rich, Bangor; George Wayer, Daniej P. Colson, Isaiah Geunthner, Benjamin F. Glidden, Rufus A. Hall, Henry Parker, jr., George W. Grant, Samuel M. Given, John S. Green, Thomas F. Green, Andrew J. Smith, Benjamin Snow, Gratien Sala- berry. Brewer; William C. Worcester, Reuben A. Robinson, Carmel; Andrew F. Angervine, Edward L. Hunt, Oldtown; Amos Roberts, jr., George A. Smith, Charles P. Toward, Asa Spooner, Othniel P. Parcher, Wilham Douglas, William H. Hurse^, Jefferson Gray, JohnS. Haines, Dexter; Simon Annis, jr., Henry H. Kneeland, David Emerson, Gus- tavus C. Spearing, William E. Blackwell, William H. Leathers, Mark F. Miller, Hermon; William Haskell, Hudson; James W. Batchelder, Moses Clark, Thomas Clark, Postal M. Black, Henry J . Foster, Fran- cis Given, Robert Given, jr., Lewis B. Morrill, Henry Nason, Henry Nason, jr., Joseph H. Weymouth, Stephen F. Wheeler, James P. Copehind, Corinna; Asa W. Pitman, Josiah C. Smart, George C. Getch- ell, Joseph E. McGrath, Roscoe J. Dolliff, Levant; Elijah Lane, Fred W. Badershall, Edwin A. Chapin, Samuel B. Baker, Everett S. Baker, Edward Baker, Augustus Clement, Amos H. King, Isaac F. Spaulding, Philander Kent, Thomas W. Robinson, Leander F. Smith, Hiram N, Smith, Joseph A. Smith, Orrington; Lewis Lacer, James R. Hall, William Barnes, Enfield; Charles A. Cole, Dennett A. Folsom, Frederick Gibbons, Alvin Thurston, John Williams, Newport; George H. Fisher, Prentiss; Samuel Patterson, Alton; George F. Doan, Daniel Murray, Sylvanus L. Moore, George H. Wallace, Hampden; Charles W. Olmstead, Orono; George W. Smith, Andrew J. Smith, Glenburn. FOURTH MOUNTED. BATTERY. Organized December 21, 1861. Fought "mit Sigel," and with Generals Banks, Pope, Milroy and others, and was mustered out at Augusta, June 17, 1865. PRIVATES. Edmund A. Whipple, Levant; Edward Friend, Edward R. Gustin. Robert M. Gustin, Etna; John Winchester, Corinna. FIFTH MOUNTED BATTERY. Organized at Augusta December 4, 1861. Served with the Army of the Potomac in some of its most not- able actions; lost 4 guns at the battle of Manassas. Mustered out July 6, 1865. PRIVATES. James Leavitt, Lincoln; Austin Marshall, Bargor; Levi Martin Oldtown; Frank E. Pearson, Orono; John L. Sawyer, PaSsadumkeag; John H. McKeen, Patten. THE SIXTH BATTERY was organized at Augusta, Maine, February 7, 1862, and left for Washington March 21st. They served under Generals Sigel, Banks, Heintzelman, in Virginia, and Generals Williams and Slocum in Maryland. At Cedar Mountain, August gth, its loss was 4 men killed and 9 wounded. They were in all the fighting on the Rappa- hannock under General Pope, and took prominent part at Centerville and Manassas on the 29th and 30th of August. December 27 th one section of the battery made a successful defence of Dumfries, Virginia, and, supported by infantry repulsed a large force of the enemy. They had part in the dreadful engagement at Gettysburg, and afterwards were in the retreat from Cul- peper on the i6th of September. Previous to April 2 2d, more than two-thirds of the men re-enlisted for three years. On that date they moved to Stevensburg, Vir- ginia, and remained until they moved forward with the Army of the Potomac toward Richmond. After this time we hear of the Sixth Battery at Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and several other places, always active and giving excellent service. After January i, 1865, we hear little concerning this battery, save the fact that it was mustered out and discharged June 17, 1865, at Augusta, Maine. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. First Lieutenant Edward Wiggin, jr. , Bangor. Second Lieutenant Edward Wiggin, jr., Bangor. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant Joseph W. Burke, Lee. Sergeant Edward Wiggin, jr., Bangor. Corporal Ira Lamb, Carroll. Corporal A. Johnson, Dexter. Corporal Wilson W. Sawtelle, Dexter. Corporal Hiram H. Carr, Carroll. Musician Roscoe G. Winslow, Dexter. Artificer William H. Freeborn, Dexter. PRIVATES. Simon A. Abbott, Hautville A. Johnson, Albert S. Lander, William R. Baynum, Delbert N. Sawtelle, Daniel Dollof, jr., Samuel Merrill, George H. Toward, Dexter; Michael Freeman, Oldtown; Wales W. Witham, Bangor; William E. Smith, Andrew H. Porter, Horace S. Gove, Lincoln; Joseph D. Hinkley, David E. Spencer, Argyle; Charles R. Brown, Orestes H. Lane, Carroll; Alphonso P. Crowell, Corinna; William S. Clarke, Hermon; Alonzo Babcock, Reuel Coffrens, Chester; Edward E. Brown, Brewer. i6o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. THE SEVENTH BATTERY was organized December .•^o, 1863, at Augusta, Maine, •ivhere it remained encamped until the morning of Feb- ruary I, 1864. On the 25th of April it joined the Ninth Ai-my Corps, and on the 9th and 12th of May was en- gaged with the enemy at the Ny River, losing three men severely wounded. On the 2d and 3d of June the bat- tery took part in the action at Cold Harbor, and then proceeded to Petersburg, where it assisted in driving the enemy across the Norfolk railroad on the i8th. On the :23d the battery was placed in position near the Taylor House, immediately in front of, and seven hundred yards from the point where the mine was sprung July 30th, on which day it kept a brisk fire on the enemy's batteries in its front. On the 4th of August the battery was relieved from a position held forty-seven consecutive days, and was stationed at Fort Rice, where on the 19th it was ex- posed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries. On the 4th of October they assisted in repelling the enemy's at- tack on that position. The istof April, 1865, they took part in the general assault of the enemy's lines, resulting in the capture of Petersburg. .On the 3d the battery followed the retreating rebels and arrived at Farmville on the loth. While there, the surrender of Lee's army oc- curred. On the 23d of May the battery participated in the grand review of the army, and on the sth of June left for Maine, arriving on the 8th at Augusta, where the battery was mustered out of the United States service by Captain C. Macmichael, Ninth United States Infantry, on the 21st, and the men paid and finally discharged on the following day. COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Second Lieutenant Daniel Staples, Oldtown. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER. Sergeant Albert Towle, Kenduskeag. PRIVATES. Charles O. Randall, Bangor; Alonzo B. Merrill, Joseph Ring, Hol- den; Daniel F. Oakes, Finson R. McKeen, Eddington; Levi F. Towle, jr., Kenduskeag: Emery C. Dunn, Dixmont; George H. Fariar, James H. Fall, Frank Lancaster, Daniel H. Lovejoy, Oldtown. ENLISTMENTS IN THE FIRST (GENERAL HANCOCK's) ARMY CORPS. Frederick R. Buck, Rodney C. Stetson, Edward Bradfield, Simeon E. Facey, Charles W. Merrill, Bangor; Stillman H. Lothrop, Bradley; Willard H. Burton, George W. Calif, Eddington; Samuel H. Win- chester, Holden; John W. Torsey, Milford; Henry H. Scribner, Ar- gyle; John H. Sargent, Springfield; James H. Roundy, Carmel; Matthew P. House, George W. House, Lee; Edwin Frederick, Edward Frederick, George Cook, Charles W. Doble, Oldtown; George S. Daniels, Newport; Elbridge D. Doble, Etna. ENLISTMENTS IN OTHER COMMANDS. Alton.— James Means, Twenty-first Massachusetts. Bangor.— Nahum H. Corson, Twenty-fifth Missouri; Patrick Carnes Patrick Early, John Kelly, Dennis OLeary, John McCue, Harrisoii Wescott, Corcoran's Brigade; Charies M. Duren, Twenty-fourth Mas- sachusetts; Edmund Duren, Thirteenth Massachusetts. Brewer.— Wesley J. Bissell, Fortieth Massachusetts. Burlington.— Henry A. Libby, Fourteenth New York. Carmel. — Isaac A. D. Blake, Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania; John M. Day, jr.. Forty-seventh Massachusetts; Francis J. Hutchings, same; Samuel W. Hutchings, Thirty-fifth Massachusetts. Corinna.— Charles H. Bassett, Sixth Massachusetts; Joseph C. Bas- sett, Second Massachusetts; George S. Hussey, Eleventh Massachusetts. Frederick E. Sprague, Twenty-sixth Massachusetts; William C. Elder,' Massachusetts; Isaac Libbey, Twelfth Wisconsin; Abijah Mason, One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York; Timothy K. Richer, Forty-sixth Illinois. Dexter. — Howard M. Copeland, Fourteenth lUinos; Elijah Curtis, James S. Curtis, jr., Ninety-ninth New York; Walter Bennett, Thir- teenth Massachusetts; Amos R. Storer, Newman W. Storer, First Mas- sachusetts cavalry. Dixmont.— Martin Emery, Alonzo A. Nye, Massachusetts regiments. Etna. — George B. Bartom, Nineteenth Massachusetts; EUis A. Friend, Tenth Massachusetts; Osroe Stevens, Avery Sylvester, Reuben Sylves- ter, Thompson H. Withee, Massachusetts regiments. Exeter.- Charles Berry, Charles Berry, jr.. Fourteenth Massachusetts; Garscelle and George P. Leighton, Massachusetts regiments; William B. Coac, Forty-eighth New York. Garland. — ^Alexander McCoombs, New York regiment. Greenbush. — Reuben Emerson, Illinois regiment; George A. and Wil- liam Mannering, California regiment. Hampden. — A. J. Pickard, Rhode Island cavalry; A. G. Rice, United States engineers; Charles Deane, Fburteenth New York; Wil- liam H. Osborne, Corcoran's Brigade. Hermon. — George W. Moore, Seventh lUinois; Edward L. Tracy, Eighteenth Massachusetts. Lagrange. — George Clark, Massachusetts regiment. Levant. — Hiram F. Smiley, Sixth Massachusetts. Newburg. — Benjamin F. Bussey, and John D. and Isaac Holmes Forty-fifth Massachusetts; Adolphus J. Chapman, Second Iowa. Newport. — HoUis Garney, Massachusetts regiment; Joseph Wilson, Washingtoh (District of Columbia) regiment. Oldtown. — George Burnham, New York cavalry; Charles Smith, Massachusetts regiment; Henry Harrington, Pennsylvania regiment. Orono. — Charles Hussey, Aldaman Mann, Sixteenth Massachusetts. Orrington. — William H. Hunton, Elton W. Ware, Connecticut regiment. Plymouth. — Thomas V. Eaton, Indiana regiment; Joshua D. Loud, Minnesota regiment; Nathan Loud, Massachusetts regiment. IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. Alton. — Henry Babb. Bangor. — Darius Shaw, John E. Reynold, Addison W. Crowell, Richard Lander, Edward Appleton, Thomas Kelley, Henry B. May- ville, William H. Mills, jr., Lewis Sawyer, Charles Webb, Car- lisle, Lewis F. Hoyt, Elijah L. Green, George Moulton, Elsbury May, Henry Osborn, James S. O'Conner, Wilham Rowley, William Rand, James Smith, Edward Short, James Sullivan, John H. Tuttle, Lewis Trepania, Amaziah Trueworthy, . George Windover, George Webb, Elijah Winslow, Joseph Winslow, Marshall A. Andrews, Stephen H. Andrews, George V. Baxter, William Carroll, Edward Cunningham, James Clark, James Crawford, Daniel S. Collins, Jonathan U. Drew, Allen P. Davis, Andrew Davis, Frederick Frazier, Isaac Fairbrother, Lorenzo Fields, Daniel Gillison, Michael Gallagher, William L. Gray, Frederick Gage, Benjamin Holmes, Frank Howard, Sylvanus Ham- mond, Milford Hersam, George Jones, Joseph Knight, Charles Keene, John Lassard, Peter Monson, George F. Marshall. Bradford. — Mark A. Roberts, Melvin Wade. Brewer. — Peter Tobie. Carmel. — Alfred Getchell, Levi Jackson, James Newcomb. Corinna. — Samuel Gould, jr. Corinth. — Wilson Mitchell. Dexter. — Isaac G. White. Eddington. — Alvin N. Parsons. Edinburg. — William H. Thomas. Hampden. — James McElroy, Everett Avery, Joseph Antonio, Albert Mayo, Samuel R. Spenper, Frank Smith, Albert Taylor. Hermon.— John B. Bickford, Charles H. Pickard. Holden.— David W. Blake, Philip Phillips. Hudson. — George Cunningham, George H. Flagg, Richard V. Flagg, Cyrus M. Johnson. Lee. — JohnJ. Moody. Levant. — Andrew J . Pomeroy. Newport.— Albert N. Burrell, Charles Carr. Oldtown. — Benjamin Grover, John J. Williams, William Graham, Henry Hinkley, George P. Lancaster, Ambrose l.awrence. Orrington. — Howard O. Powers, George N. Smith. Passadumkeag.— John McCauslin. « Plymouth. — Granville Loud. Prentiss.— Walter T. Ellis. Stetson. — David Dresser. Springfield. — Oilman B. Bolton. Veazie. — Robert F. Campbell, George C. Prouty, Joseph Miller. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. i6i Mer- UNITED STATES NAVY. Alton. — Charles Crawford, William Curtis, Boardman Means, rill Means, Brainard Walton, Joseph Whitcomb. Bangor. — Schardt Bagger, Solomon G. Emerson, Solomon G. Emery, John- M. Fuller, John Lee, Charles H. L.ittlefield, William Mann, Thomas Murphy, Richard Power, Joseph E. Reading, Frank Saimders, Eben Stevens, Joseph Stevens, William L. Smith, James H. Tracy, Norman Tibbitts, Abram Vanderpool, Nicola Wisson, Lourin Clark, Francis A. Cobb, Edward K. Flowers, Patrick Golden, Alfred Ken- drick, C. A. Kirkpatrick, Charles H. Littlefield, Martin McKusic, Willis G. Perry, Charles B. Pierce, Charles E. Taylor, Howard M. Briggs, Frank Carron, John Carron, Joseph Carron, John Fuller, Robinson Titcomb, George H. Benson, George A. Bright, William Harris, John W. Jaques, Michael B. Clancey, George Currier, John Donohoe, Alex- ander M. Fountain , James Groman, Daniel R. Hamilton, John Holmes, John Hellier, Charles H. Jackson, John G. -fciljestram, Henry Luise, William T. Montgomery, Charles Nelson, Daniel H. Patten, jr., Thomas Rice, John Snow, Charles Wilson. Bradford. — ^John Clark, Peter McArey. Bradley.— James Gordon, James Sanborn, Hiram Spencer, Elisha Sanborn, WiUiam Tarrio, Solomon Tarrio, William Willett, jr. Brewer.— James F. Gushing, William S. Goodwin, Ephraim LangiU, Levi Lashus, Ezekiel C. Swett, Samuel W. Davis, John S. Deering, Daniel Frost, Charles M. Goodwin, Anthony F. Lovette, George F. Merrill, Calvin W. Mitchell, Hower H. Pomroy, James L. Pomroy, William Sargent. Carmel. — Charles C. Anderson, Moses C, Thompson, William H. Thompson, Amasa S. Garland, Timothy Harrington, Michael Herbert, Dennis E. Murphy, Eben H. Stover, William H. Thompson. Charleston.— John Thomas, Manuel A. De Barron, Patrick Durace, Henry Franc, Thomas Joyce, Albert King, Thomas Smith, Joseph Williams. Clifton. — Andrew Holm, Henry Smith. Corinth. — Walter Hawes, Alphonso Ober, John W. Swett, Charles A. Robinson, John M. Brown, John Cane, Albert Ide, John Lewis. Dexter. — August Brown, William Mitchell, Daniel Raymond, Wil- liam Taylor. Dixmont.^ohn H. Butman, Randolph Cook, Oliver W. Kimball, Otis Farnham. Eddington. — John W. B. Austin, Amos L. Coleson. Exeter. — Chandler Eastman, George L. Buswell, Robert Armstrong. John Bowman, Fred Dagen, Frederick Miller, Louis Olson, Thomas Wilson. Garland. — Eben Hoyt, John A. Davis, Frank Drew, Charles A. Dol- liver, John DriscoU. Glenburn. — Frank B. Cort, John M. Onail. Hampden. — Joseph Mayo, Robert Carle, Horace Crockett, Nathan- iel T. Hamlin, -Samuel Holbrook, Newell Murch, Willis Pierce Thomas Rice, William Rodgers, Henry Woodard, Avery Gross, John Humphrey, Sylvanus Humphrey, John Jackson, Levi W. Knowles, Edward H. Lander, Francis Loring, William D. F. Nye, Charles Nor- wood, Hiram B. Orff, Dudley G. Porter, David K. Rice, Thomas Ryan, Charles E. Swett, Daniel Sullivan, Alonzo Temple, Samuel W. Tem- ple, Alonzo Taylor, Augustus C. Wing, Charles B. Walker, John Whaylin, Arthur B. Arey, David W. Arey, John W. Babcock, Lowell W. Brown, Abner L. Crosby, George W. (chapman, Norman A. Dil- Ungham, Henry Deane, Joseph G. Easton, Frank Fornay. Hermon. — Clifford Oden, Joshua D. Warren. Holden. — John M. Hart, Alexander W. Rowell, Hiram M. Wiswell, Orlando Moore, John Rowell. Hudson. — George Cunningham, George H. Flagg, Richard V. Flagg, Cyrus M. Johnson, T. H. Benton Briggs, John Porter. Kenduskeag. — Orrin Bridges, Pecallies M. Clark, Albert Towle. IjCvant. — George A. Hutchins, Peter Lawson, Albert H. Waugh. Lincoln. — Reuben DoUey. Lowell. — Nathaniel J. Lord. Medway.— John Prince. Newburg.^edediah Green, John F. Brittaln, Enoch L, Bartlett, Edward A. Farnham, George L. Goodrich, Moses Parsons, Nathan E. * Trask. Newport. — Davis Lawrence, Reuben D. Ward. Oldtown, — John H. Hunt, William H. Manchester, Frederick A. Powers, Alexander M. Hunt, Orlando Moore, Alvin J. Minot. Orono. — Enos B. Peaslee. Orrington.^osiah D. G. Hinds, William B. Liscomb, Joseph S. Robinson, George Rogers, James H. Rogers, Henry Severance, Ebe- nezer C. Wheelden, J. W. Chapin, Daniel Chapin, Christopher Holmes, Edwin Lovell, Joseph B. Ryder, Celestine St. Petes, John Wilson, Arthur W. Wentworth. Plymouth.— Thaxter Hopkins, Thomas Cole, James Slatery. Prentiss. — Aaron Dennis. Springfield. — Aaron Dennis. Stetson. — Charles Parker. Veazie. — Wallis E. Davis, Edward K. Valentine. Winn. — David B. Cressey. PRIVATE BENEFACTIONS. The final table, also from the Adjutant-General's Re- ports, sets forth the private contributions of money, hos- pital stores, and other articles for the army and navy, during the war of 1861-65. Many towns failed to keep such records, and others neglected to send in their re- urns; so that this is considered but an approximate cal- culation: Towns. Bangor .... Bradford . : . Bradley Brewer. . . . Carmel Charleston.. Corinna .... Corinth. ... Dexter Eddington.. Exeter Garland Hampden. . . Hermon Holden .... Kenduskeag Levant Newburg. . . Newport Oldtown Orono Orrington , . . Plymouth . . . Springfield.. . Veazie "^1 08 . s 115000 100 200 2000 100 200 300 200 300 200 200 200 2000 400 250 250 100 300 400 400 300 400 200 500 200 ; 12000 200 50 1000 150 150 TOO 800 400 7S 800 SO 600 200 300 150 150 250 300 350 200 300 300 100 200 'o td i I 0000 100 75 100 75 100 150 100 200 50 200 75 400 5' 75 75 100 100 300 250 300 200 100 200 150I O o , 3 "33 6.H fBOOO ISO 100 ISO 200 17s 200 ISO 100 ISO TOO 100 7S SO 100 17s I7S IW 200 200 300 ISO ISO 200 400 450 200 100 200 300 200 4C0 300 TOO 250 400 500 200 400 roo 200 300 400 ISO 200 100 500 37S a 2 <^ d - O o o is ci" 0) ■ S $5000 $60000 roo 75 100 75 ISO 17s Soo 600 100 300 300 200 ISO 7S 100 200 ISO 400 300 300 300 ISO 100 150 1050 9SO 3SS0 700 97S 1225 1950 2000 87s 1700 975 392s 1375 9.50 107s 825 "75 1750 1900 14.50 1700 1000 1550 127s THE LOCAL MILITIA. Mr. E. F. Duren hands us the following note: The usual military organizations have been maintained. They have been called into active service, chiefly in 1814, in repeUing the British forces that came up the Penobscot River ; in 1839, during the excite- ment attending the question of the Northeast boundary of the State, which was peaceably settled by a treaty between Great Britain and the United States, ratified by the Senate, August 20, 1842 ; and again dur- ing the late civil war (1861-65). In this last campaign, the Second Maine Regiment, six companies of the Sixth Maine, and the entire Eighteenth regiment, afterwards the First Heavy Artillery, were com- posed chiefly of residents of this county. Monuments in memory of the patriot soldiers deceased, are erected in the cemeteries at Bangor, Brewer, Hampden, De.xter, Newport and other places. The Jameson Guards, of Bangor, were organized in April, 1870. The Crosby Guards of Hampden; the Hersey Guards, of Oldtown; and the Coburn Cadets, at the Agricultural College, Orono; are now the principal uniformed voluntary organizations. The following notices are given to several of the Pe- nobscot companies in one of the recent reports of the Adjutant General of the State : G Company, Jameson Guards, Bangor. — The armory of this com- pany was not in the perfect condition I had reason to expect from the good record the company has attained, and from the appearance at my former inspection. The arms and equipments,, however, were in good condition, and gave evidence of proper care. Much credit is due the efficient clerk of the company for the neat appearance of the books and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 162 records of the company, which were properly kept and complete. This company is out of debt, but is without any funds in the treasury. I Company, Crosby Guards, Hampden.— This company has a nice armory, and the arrangements made for the protection of the company property, thfrcsS?? taken of the same and the interest manifested by the officers and men, reflect credit upon the company. Company books and records are complete and properly kept. The company has no fund on hand, biJt is out of debt, K Company, Hersey Light Infantry, Oldtown.— The armory of this company is nicely arranged, and everything in connection with the company arms and equipments was in good condition. The company books were not fully completed. The company is out of debt, but without any company fund. STATISTICAL BOUNTIES. By the 2d of February, 1864, the bounties in the vari- ous towns of Penobscot county aggregated $359,087.50. Bangor led the list, of course, with $69,380; Whitney Ridge is the smallest reported, with $200. The heaviest bounties were paid afterwards, the whole in the county by the close of the war amounting to the splendid total of $889,108.48 — and doubtless more, since 19 of the plantations and unincorporated townships are not re- ported. The following table exhibits in detail the boun- ties paid by each town, with their several classes: Towns, etc. H H cRS- s :° °° B. w^ 5' • re 3 3 3* (/> i 3 c 3 s 00 V < § 1 2, H CO S3 ■ s 3- u 3 3 "> 3 & 5- a ■ 3. k a-3 ■ ut 3 Losses on account of bounties paid volun- teers who were cred- ited to other towns. Amounts contributed towards bounties to soldiers. Total. Alton . . $ 250 00 200 00 $ 420 00 $1400 00 I 145 00 $ 600 00 5025 00 $3000 00 expen $ sesog 36 $2400 00 900 00 $ 500 00 $ 235 00 $ 1770 00 $ 8150 00 Argyle Bangor 10204 36 178500 00 Bradford 935 00 473 00 31QO 00 180 00 71S 00 700 00 230 00 3100 00 405 06 4600 00 200 00 8875 00 200 00 4175 00 1600 00 5000 00 1000 00 1650 00 7600 00 5000 00 10200 00 4940 00 3680 00 1 100 00 4150 00 8100 00 2500 00 5200 00 6000 00 850 00 6400 00 200 00 3000 00 *'6oo 00 5381 00 Bradley 11550 00 4700 00 2200 00 2100 00 600 00 900 00 300 00 571 00 22 00 232 50 500 00 185 52 1333s 00 Brewer 24005 00 35287 00 6719 00 16095 00 Burlington 607 00 Carmel Carroll 1450 00 Charleston 1650 00 2100 00 4600 00 353S 52 Chester 13350 00 Clifton 300 00 927 30 2100 00 133s 00 igoo 00 900 00 200 00 2210 00 2300 00 3500 00 400 00 1000 00 64 84 950 00 Corinna r5678 00 650 00 16650 00 8930 00 3325 00 600 00 1800 00 2900 00 2800 00 10125 00 1000 CO 19122 00 7650 00 1325 00 1350 00 5200 00 2625 00 2400 00 350 00 365 00 14537 00 14780 00 12825 '^ 3600 00 1500 00 3118 00 700 00 250 00 2000 00 14849 00 5200 00 700 00 2600 00 3900 00 2200 00 220 00 100 00 Corinth 37185 30 28599 00 Dexter 235 00 Dixmont 40238 00 Eddington 1500 00 17570 CX) Edinburg 600 00 Enfield 150 00 900 00 1060 00 795 00 525 00 800 00 2300 00 iqoo 00 40 00 1200 00 2000 00 7445 00 3400 00 2675 00 1600 00 200 00 20000 00 4000 00 2100 00 400 00 2280 00 1800 00 2650 00 4000 00 4400 00 1000 00 400 00 1200 00 6170 00 7200 00 7650 00 8600 00 5175 00 323 30 925 00 4500 00 1225 00 2050 00 1150 00 2950 00 300 00 250 00 4000 00 200 00 4500 00 3100 00 4848 00 750 00 145 00 3000 00 3500 00 3600 00 3800 00 600 00 150 00 31000 00 1600 00 7650 00 2150 00 50 00 47 00 450 00 Etna 364700 Exeter 4000 00 2000 00 Garland ' ' 52605 00 18020 00 Glenburn 600 00 1500 00 118 15 225 00 160 00 Greenbush ''" ' Greenfield 17493 IS 8350 00 Hampden Hermon HnlH^n 3500 00 1500 00 890 00 600 00 900 00 525 00 5200 00 700 00 1900 00 1414 00 270 00 150 00 Q750 00 300 00 557 00 2650 00 6005 00 55972 00 13995 00 10137 12 8464 00 Howland ,,\, Hudson Kenduskeag 2550 00 I200 00 122 12 800 00 Lagrange Lee I 150 00 325 00 266 00 9600 00 11800 00 Levant " 1400 00 900 00 2650 00 9191 00 13930 00 Lowell Mattawamkeag 122 40 600 00 1400 00 1500 00 4100 00 2000 00 2145 00 200 00 198 00 1000 00 271 00 500 00 200 00 2400 00 300 00 483 00 3500 00 360 00 1375 00 500 00 80 00 700 00 160 00 6300 00 400 00 2400 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 1000 00 5400 00 200 00 500 00 loooo 00 430 00 132 09 200 00 Maxfield Mount Chase Newport . 2875 49 80000 10465 00 22707 00 3500 00 100 00 427 80 659 80 27107 80 Orono 35534 80 11083 00 27438 00 Passadumkeag. 6214 00 2549 50 4250 00 300 00 4640 00 900 00 1300 00 225 00 6600 00 500 00 3500 00 4200 00 5000 00 300 00 600 00 104 00 100 00 4122 80 Plymouth . 1708 00 3000 00 300 00 500 oc 640 3c 21025 00 312500 997230 Stetson 475 00 400 00 2380 00 245 00 10 00 2077 00 448900 Veazie . . 1060 00 715000 Total 15239 00 *Reimbursed by State. $889108 48 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 163 AID TO SOLDIERS TAMILIES. The table below shows the amounts of aid granted from the public funds to the families of soldiers and sailors each year of the war, and the sums total : Towns. °'S 6 -A 1862. o.S Amount allowed. 1863. 0) '5 °JS o.S Amount allowed. 1864. 1^ d Z ere o^ d.£ z Amount allowed. Z 1865. "•I o.« Amount allowed. d Z 1866. o j3 0.5 Amount allowed. Total — '62 to 66 incl. o.S Z Amount allowed. Alton Argyle Bangor Bradford Bradley Brewer Burlington. . . Carmel Carroll Charleston . . . Chester Clifton •; Corinna Corinth Dexter Dixmont . . . . Eddington . . . Enfield Etna Exeter Garland Glenburn . . . . Greenbush. . . Greenfield . . . Hampden . . . Hermon Holden Rowland Hudson Kenduskeag . Lee. Levant Lincoln Lowell Mattawamkeag. . Maxfield Milford Newburg Newport Oldtown Orono Orrington Passadumkeag. . Patten Plymouth Prentiss Springfield Stetson Veazie Winn Drew pi Medway pi Pattagumpus pi. Webster pi Woodville pi No. 4. Range i. Mt. Chase pi 9 5 315 23 8 45 3 5 32 13 911 70 25 162 11 21 $ 459 43 32 II 14214 75 594 67 206 52 2299 18 97 75 136 08 22 12 24 54 108 56 14 23 II 13 53 5 30 29 71 41 14 2 23 64 18 36 52 66 52 9 8 24 56 28 21 114 17 10 4 26 14 35 18 41 210 41 129 18 215 17 508 13 1032 56 543 32 131 47 279 49 67 57 150 26 632 96 34 28 292 17 244 00 761 21 274 72 103 25 16 00 173 55 432 74 139 21 244 57 286 31 389 31 756 34 06 36 25 421 81 485 09 268 80 2824 89 1500 49 20s 50 151 62 39 23 202 29 193 83 242 99 295 62 461 81 49 10 6 431 58 14 64 6 27 75 15 1252 162 45 193 24 88 30 18 42 23 69 76 219 102 7 59 65 59 77 36 56 40 100 76 31 26 39 29 23 : 1309 10 293 88 27088 68 1674 29 714 59 2587 74 148 19 928 49 237 40 197 87 275 40 292 88 840 62 862 39 2440 62 1273 55 126 50 957 00 812 04 964 90 1070 91 414 57 603 45 779 87 207s 33 1214 25 432 40 72 91 35 62 88 115 82 20 14 39 60 61 254 147 52 21 27 59 24 70 33 56 17 13 34 14 I 167 66 1549 78 270 32 727 44 1254 18 1692 61 1533 75 332 21 147 69 341 16 1027 19 519 " 3830 01 2651 94 892 23 196 90 258 24 504 89 376 03 844 23 324 95 1264 85 298 64 52 91 614 10 249 55 30 4 593 69 28 92 12 51 17 27 59 37 64 45 19 33 32 54 44 27 20 17 63 53 10 7 34 31 24 43 51 53 29 II 12 20 44 41 131 81 33 8 18 40 16 40 29 31 10 4 9 108 12 1619 179 76 216 46 121 54 74 52 34 137 118 148 113 40 89 86 104 93 68 75 35 166 140 22 17 82 95 53 ii8 134 163 76 31 24 58 99 81 225 229 78 26 57 92 43 116 67 176 43 10 30 34 30 56 70 33 538 37 34 00 $ 1632 84 211 85 35643 83 3866 95 1420 66 . 4490 56 412 63 3116 96 1065 24 1372 21 967 51 563 " 2010 99 2118 25 2532 80 2534 45 787 86 1955 18 1817 45 2724 61 1983 22 1060 84 1467 98 463 50 3280 13 3T12 28 359 26 252 00 1962 05 1837 86 907 59 2233 32 2650 82 2922 58 1292 69 688 58 479 19 945 68 2136 15 1463 47 7105 67 4896 31 1778 61 391 03 1359 47 1435 OS 951 56 2511 99 1479 96 1709 58 953 60 175 02 64 T 02 497 61 no 46 576 51 368 78 358 18 24 3 522 61 20 94 5 60 16 31 15 7 62 30 50 49 22 24 40 57 39 29 74 53 17 8 35 34 23 44 49 46 15 II 13 21 38 37 114 79 37 6 13 40 13 34 35 32 9 4 8 4 2 7 4 5 61 8 1212 145 39 184 10 139 32 79 3 li "4 82 114 128 41 73 95 129 88 59 83 25 156 146 41 23 97 82 45 128 122 124 39 32 26 54 90 60 294 197 87 14 41 90 38 106 78 70 29 10 30 19 14 16 15 $ 605 92 I9S44 1786 549 2877 127 1729 488 1180 342 218 1701 1124 1372 1976 519 672 1202 1782 1392 790 803 585 2209 2118 498 269 958 1308 770 igoi 1403 1439 594 367 309 528 1406 984 3736 2824 1408 128 534 1132 390 1238 1003 807 362 207 323 118 46 183 158 153 44 15 32 $665 59 6 25 2 25 202 06 14 18 25 no 99 62 88 40 32 " 57 27 32 21 74 10 82 9 64 28 48 84 04 95 21 100 18 62 36 2 14 13 50 164 09 117 25 12 13 47 70 21 60 46 88 33 74 27 00 80 59 47 88 34 50 40 00 46 S3 24 28 1905 212 71 310 26 150 44 67 49 28 157 103 229 149 50 82 99 141 129 77 64 50 204 149 4: 16 104 "3 62 119 141 IS4 82 31 31 S8 125 118 418 233 99 21 40 120 A' 109 86 96 27 13 28 15 2 32 II 15 889 2792 $33558 52 1538 4635 $74101 85I2413 6362 $129945 5422545413 $75292 85I 155! 376l$23oi 51 7249 i9578l$3iS20o 276 48 5092 558 186 787 91 38 125 178 147 88 349 343 589 404 102 244 258 3" 319 182 244 129 507 418 109 42 278 350 15 369 398 478 249 92 74 175 316 235 242 71 129 267 119 337 202 343 100 36 94 67 14 III 39: 38 $ 4007 10 630 73 97157 22 7928 50 2893 83 12456 86 785 72 6022 35 1853 74 2790 61 1795 64 1215 67 4795 17 4634 59 7378 64 6338 69 1565 01 3864 51 3909 26 5650 92 5163 94 2394 91 3167 11 2072 69 8426 28 6781 89 1395 SI 537 31 4274 87 5292 95 2087 51 5223 66 5606 97 6491 85 4176 93 1422 42 994 27 2236 76 5101 79 3269 47 17514 15 11954 14 4332 60 867 59 2191 65 327s 14 1911 99 4872 17 3143 64 2243 66 1710 73 459 83 1579 10 866 II 156 53 1354 76 527 34 445 29 1 64 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE CHAPTER X. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER SOCIETIES. History of Agricultural Organization in Maine — The State Agricul- tural Society Formed — The Penobscot County Agricultural Society — The Bangor Horticultural Society — Fairs of the County Society — The Local Societies : The West Penobscot, The North Penob- scot, The Penobscot and Aroostook Union— State Fair at Bangor — The Local Fairs — The Waldo and Penobscot Society — The County Society Again- Farmers' Clubs — Fairs during the Last Decade — The Penobscot Central Agricultural Society — Benefits of the Local Societies — Officers of Agricultural and Other Societies in the County — The County Grange — Penobscot Medical Associations — The Penobscot Musical Association. THE FIRST EFFORTS at association for the promotion of agriculture in the Pine-tree State were made about 1787, by Benjamin Vaughan, LL. D., and his brother Charles, of Hallowell, who in that year enlisted a number of other residents on the Kennebec in the formation of the " Kennebec Agri- cultural Society," for mutual improvement in the knowl- edge of agriculture and mutual aid, by the importation of trees, seeds, tools, books, etc. The society was incorpor- ated by the Massachusetts Legislature in 1807, and eleven years afterwards, largely through the exertions of its lead- ing members, the Maine Agricultural Society was formed. Its first fair, and the first agricultural fair of any kind in the State (the Kennebec Society had only held meetings for the reading of papers and discussion), was held at Hallowell in 1820, and another at the same place the next year, when they were discontinued in favor of county fairs. The Winthrop Agricultural Society was organized in r8i8. In 1832 a law was passed by the Maine Legislature offering a subsidy for, or premium upon, the organization of agricultural societies; the Kennebec, Cumberland, Washington and East Somerset county societies were organized the same year, and the old Kennebec associa- tion held its first annual show. The Kennebec Farmer (soon afterwards changed to the Maine Farmer) was started the next year by Dr. E. Holmes, of Winthrop. THE COUNTY SOCIETY. The next body of the kind to organize was the Penob- scot County Society, which was incorporated in 1838. It soon began to hold annual cattle-shows and fairs, which were maintained at various places about the county for many years. BANGOR HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. About 1849 the Bangor Horticultural Society was or- ganized, and its first annual show was given that year, with a fair degree of success for a first effort. At the second exhibition, September 11, 1850, an address was delivered by B. F. Nourst, Esq., of Orrington, in which the claim was made that the Penobscot valley was fully the rival of the valley of the Hudson, which "hrs been termed," he says, ''par excellence, the 'Plum Garden.'" At the third annual meeting the address was given by William Bartlett, Esq. In 1856 a valuable report on the Effects of Underground Draining, as illustrated upon the farm of Mr. Nourse, six miles from Bangor, was made to the society by Messrs. J. Cloeston, A. Noyes, W. Goodale, Oren Favor, and E. P. Baldwin, committee, which was published in the next report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture. Dr. J. C. Weston, Secretary of the society, contributed the following sketch of its history and summary of its results to the date of writing, to the transactions of the State Board of Agriculture at Augusta, January 21, 1863: The Bangor Horticultural Society is the oldest in the State. It was incorporated in 1849, and has therefore been in existence fourteen years. It has conferred a great benefit on all the surrounding country. By its exhibitions and awards of premiums it has excited competition and stimulated the people to cultivate the very best varieties of peai-s, plums, apples, grapes, etc. It has developed a taste and rivalry in the cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs, and all the products of the best-furnished gardens. Under its auspices every desirable new fruit, flower, and vegetable of native origin has early been introduced to the knowledge of the community. It has had meetings for the discussion of such practical subjects as manures, draining, grafting, the best varieties of fruits and vegetables and the best method of cultivating them. It has also had valuable practical lectures. A few years ago but one glass structure existed in the city for the cultivation of foreign grapes, built by Frederic Hobbs, esq., the first President of the society. The beautiful clusters raised by his skillful cultivation and management appeared on the tables at our exhibitions to feast and delight the eyes of all beholders. The example was contagious. What had been done by one, others thought they might accomplish, and gradually twenty-seven other graperies sprang into existence, yielding thousands of pounds of delicious grapes, and add- ing thousands of dollars to the value of real estate. By the influence of this society Bangor, like Damascus, has become a city of gardens, many of which are laid out in tasteful, picturesque forms, and make many a home beautiful and attractive, so that emi- gration has no charms for the occupants. They are firmly rooted to home soil, and pay cheerfully the taxes to support a government which has given for a few year $150 annually to promote horticulture, while they have invested thousands for the same purpose. The most of our merchants and mechanics, when about to erect dwellings, purchase double lots, that each may possess his own garden, where he may sit under his own vine and fruit tree, and thus becoming interested in the culture of the soil, our men of wealth often enlarge the spheres of their operations by purchasing farms in the adjoining country, and improving them according to the best system of modern husbandry; and some instances might be mentioned where their farms pay a larger dividend than bank stock, or stock in trade, or manufac- tures. The society has had an annual exhibition every year but one.since its formation. In 1857, by invitation of the Trustees of the Maine State Agricultural Society, it united with that body in its exhibition at Bangor, and contributed its full share to make it interesting and attractive. At its exhibitions, the best varieties of peaches, pears, plums, grapes, flowers, and vegetables have been represented. Our plums, particular- ly, have been unsurpassed in color, size and quality. I have attended exhibitions in Boston , New York, and Montreal, but have never seen elsewhere such a variety of this fruit as in our own city, in years of plenty. Last September, in spite of the severity of our winters, the specimens of pears and American grapes of open culture, exceeded in quantity those exhibited on any former occasion, evincing an increased interest in the cultivation of those fruits. The Delaware, Hartford Prolific, and Rebecca; were nearly ripe on the 17th day of September; but the Concord, Diana, and Isabella had not colored, except on girdled branches. Apples appeared in greater abimdance than ever before. Two mem- bers each exhibited 90 varieties. Raising so many kinds is not so profitable to the orchardist as a select few of the best quality; but we have every year offered premiums for the largest and best variety of this and other fruits, with a view of ascertaining what kinds are best adapted to our climate and soil. The principal producers of fruit were requested to furnish the Secretary lists of apples, pears, plums, and grapes which each has found by experience to be the very best for general cultivation in Bangor and vicinity, taking into consideration hardiness and pro- ductiveness of trees and vines and quality of fruits. ' HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. FAIRS OF THE COUNTY SOCIETY. About 1852 the annual cattle show was fixed to be held regularly in Bangor, and the fair of that year was accordingly held in that city, with only tolerable success, on account of the drought, and a cold, dreary rain which set in about the time the display was preparing. The people were addressed on this occasion by the Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, J. S. Sayward, P. B. Mills, and Joseph Bartlett, of Bangor, and E. F. Crane, of Kendus- keag. The next year the amount of premiums offered by the trustees was $344.85. THE LOCAL SOCIETIES. No report of transactions or fair was made by the Penobscot Society in 1854, and the next year it seems to have split up into several societies, since mention is made, in the State Agricultural Report of 1855, of the West Penobscot, the North Penobscot, and the Pen- obscot and Aroostook Union Societies, while of the older Penobscot County Society it is said: "Show and Fair omitted this year," from which it may be inferred that the association had just then very little vitality. The first of the societies before mentioned, the West Pen- obscot, had been incorporated this year; the North Pen- obscot in 1852; and the Penobscot and Aroostook Union the next year (1853). Little is heard thereafter for a time of the old county society. In 1856 the West Penobscot Agricultural Society paid out in premiums $120.50 on live stock, $16.40 on fruit, $40.20 on crops, and $32.10 on manufactures; total, $209.20. In the year 1857 the North Penobscot Society added 19 new members, making a total membership of 194. The annual exhibition was held at Lincoln village, Octo- ber 7 and 8, with much success. The farmers held an impromptu debating club on the evening of the 7th, which developed much interest. The West Penobscot Society held its show and fair at East Corinth, Septem- ber 25. It is mentioned in the next State Agricultural Re- port as "a flourishing society." STATE FAIR AT BANGOR. This year the third exhibition of the State Agricultural Society, which had re-organized and incorporated in the early part of the 1855, and held its first fair of the new series the same year in Gardiner, was held in Bangor, in September. The weather was favorable during the entire week, until the last day, and the display was a decided success, in both the quantity and quality of the exhibits and the number and interest of the attendance. Of horses there were more entered than at the first exhibi- tion of the society, though the display of neat stock as a whole was not large. The Eastern part of the State was well represented in all departments. The receipts amounted to $7,408.10, and the expenses, including about $3,800 in gratuities and premiums, to some $600 more. This deficit, however, was only about one-third that of the next fair, held in Augusta, and much less ^han at other subsequent exhibitions. THE LOCAL FAIRS. The annual exhibition of the Penobscot and Aroos- took Union Society was help October 14, 1858, at Patten. The exhibition of stock was unusually large. Address by the Rev. M. R. Keep. In 1858 the North Penobscot Society had its exhibi- tion at Lincoln, October 5 and 6, with a highly cred- itable display. The West Penobscot Society held its fair at East Corinth, September 27 and 28. It had now 207 members — 9 added the previous year. The Secretary of the State Board said in his annual report for the year: "So far as can be judged from returns made, few, if any, of our county societies, are actuated by a more commend- able spirit, or better accomplish their mission, than the West Penobsot." The Penobscot and Aroostook Union had its regular fair at Patten October 13 and 14, with address by Alfred Cushman, Esq. It now numbered 80 members. Mr. Cushman reported to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture: "During the short time our society has been in operation, its influence is very mani- fest. Improvement in the mode of cultivating Indian corn, the selections of seeds, the cultivation of fruits, and in neat stock, has. been quite extensive." In 1 860 the West Penobscot met for its annual exhibi- tion at Exeter, September 25 and 26. A great rain storm prevented many from attending and exhibiting. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met at Patten, October 10 and 11, with a very good exhibit, showing "increasing interest in the objects of the society." In i86r the West Penobscot had its regular exhibition at East Corinth, September 24 and 25. The show of animals was particularly fine. The society now num- bered 220 members. The North Penobscot met at Springfield, October 9 and 10, with unwonted inter- est in its display. "There were 125 head of horned cat- tle, a large number of horses and colts, and a goodly number of sheep and swine, and not an ordinary animal among them." The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met as usual at Patten, Ocli|||er 16 and 17, but had a poor show, on account of the distressing prevalence of diphtheria in that region. In 1862 the sum of $261 was offered in premiums by the North Penobscot — $135 for live stock, $49 for root crops, and $77 for all other objects. $113 were actually awarded. The State treasury furnished $61, and $67 were raised by the society. The premium crops were 26 bushels of wheat to the acre, 49 of barley, and 183 of potatoes. The West Penobscot had premium crops of 82 bushels of corn, 28 of wheat, 64 of barley, 87 of oats, and 378 of potatoes, to the acre. It offered $490 in premiums — $296 for live stock, $102 for grain and root crops, and $92 for all other exhibits — $264 were awarded. Received from the State, $150; raised by the society, $205. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union had $42 from the State, and $37 from its own treasury. It awarded $145 of $208 premiums offered — $113 for live stock, $22 for grain and root crops, and $72 for all other purposes. The society appears to have become extinct soon after, as no more annual fairs are reported by it. The cattle show and fair of the North Penobscot Ag- i66 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ricultural and Horticultural Society was held at Lincoln Centre, October 7 and 8, 1863, with much success the first day but a failure the second, from wet weather. The West Penobscot Agricultural Society held its annual exhibit at Dexter, September 29 and 30,— and "in many respects superior to any former exhibit." An address was delivered by the President, Mr. Ezekiel F. Crane, of Kenduskeag. Forty-one new members joined during the fair. The same society held its tenth display at East •Cor- inth, September 27 and 28, 1864. The North Penob- scot exhibited at Lee Village, October 12 and 13, with only tolerable success. In 1865, October 11 and 12, the North Penobscot Society had its cattle show and fair at Springfield Centre. The exhibit of stock, "in quality and value, was fully equal, if not superior, to previous shows." The success of the second day was much impaired by heavy rain. Very little fruit was shown, the apple crop for the year being almost a total failure. The West Penobscot met at Dexter, September 26 and 27, during favora- ble weather, and with a very satisfactory exhibition in nearly all departments. Of horses alone thirty-nine en- tries were made. The show of neat stock was very good, entries of oxen and steers unusually large. Ad- dresses were made at the close by the president of the society, E. F. Crane, esq., by the Hon. John Appleton, of Bangor, and Mr. A. M. Robinson, of Dover. Nine- teen new members were added during the fair. The next year the Penobscot and Aroostook Union Agricultural and Horticultural Society resumed opera- tions, and had a tolerably successful fair at Patten on the nth of October. Address by the Rev. E. Fobes, of Patten, after which a farmer's dinner, prepared by the ladies of the Sidewalk Society, of Patten, was eaten. Amount of premiums offered, $150; awarded, $95. The West Penobscot had its twelfth annual show at East Corinth, September 2Sth and 26th, with good success, notwithstanding rain onJ^th days. $644 were offered in premiums, and $261 a^parded. New members added, 17. The North Penobscot now numbered 290. Its fifteenth annual fair was held at Lincoln village, Oc- tober 3 and 4, with a large attendance and more than usual interest. The entries of horses, mares, and colts, were 68; of horned cattle, 103. The presentation of entire herds of cattle proved a new and interesting fea- ture. The same society had its next cattle show and fair at Lee village, October 9 and 10, 1867. The trotting and other racing, upon a half-mile track prepared by the citi- zens of Lee at an expense of about $1000, brought to- gether a larger attendance than at any previous fair of the society; 58 entries of horses and colts were made. The neat stock was not numerous, but very good of its kind. Premiums offered, $404.35; awarded, $223.66. .Received from the State, $129.52; from other sources, $152.79. Number of members, about 300. The so- ciety was entirely free from debt. The West Penobscot, during this year, purchased a tract of eighteen and one-half acres at Exeter, laid out a half-mile track thereon, put up a commodious two-story building with two large halls, and enclosed the whole with a substantial fence. The thirteenth annual fair was held under these improved auspices, September 24 25, and 26. 138 horses and colts — 55 of them un- der four years old, — also 21 cows, 4 heifers, 15 bulls, 34 yoke of oxen, and 21 of steers, were exhibited, with en- tries of manufactured articles numbering 251. Premi- ums offered for live stock, $442.75; awarded, $188.00. For premium crops, $65.80 were awarded; for fruit $27.60; for butter and cheese, $78.00. Total premiums offered, $668.35; awarded, $378.65. New members added, 249. An address was delivered the third day by Samuel Johnson, A. M., Secretary of the Trustees of the Maine Agricultural College, which was published at length in the next report of the Board of Agriculture. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met this year at Sherman, for the first time, October 10, with a fair ex- hibit and attendance, notwithstanding rain at the open- ing. Premiums offered, $132; awarded, $77. The Union Society met again at Patten October 14, r868. The collection of stock exhibited was not so large as in some previous years, but was decidedly superior in quality — an improvement credited to the operations of the society. Premiums offered, $r44; awarded, $88. The North Penobscot show of this year, held Septem- ber 23 and 24 at Lee village, was almost a total failure by reason of rainy and cold weather. Arrangements had been made for a full and interesting show, but they were quite defeated by the adverse effects of the storm-king. Premiums advertised, $384; awarded, $175. The West Penobscot was highly favored this year in point of temperature and other conditions, — the weather being fine and cool, and the attendance and interest of the people large. Six hundred and eighteen entries were made; $723.75 offered in premiums, and $397.25 awarded — on horses, $60.50; oxen and steers, $42; cows and heifers, $45; bulls, $24.50; sheep, $21.25; poultry, $2; drawing, $6; butter and cheese, $17.25; fruit, $20.85; honey, etc., $6.75; implements, etc., $11.75; manufactures, $48.10; crops, $91.30. The first day was specially devoted to cattle, sheep and poultry, the second day to horses, and the third to the exhibitions of speed by trotting horses. For the first time in the history of the society, no swine were shown. The fair was held September 29 and 30, and October i, upon the grounds of the society in Exeter, where all its displays since have been made. THE WALDO AND PENOBSCOT. In the winter of 1868-69 ^ new society was formed by the farmers of the south part of Penobscot, in conjunction with parts of Waldo, and called the Waldo and Penobscot Agricultural Society. We have no particulars of its first fair. THE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY appears again in the reports in 1869, when it held its an- nual exhibition — called "the second" in the agricultural report of the year — at Bangor, September 20-22. A large amount, $1,480, was offered in premiums,— of which, however, only $686 were awarded. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 167 The North Penobscot met at Lincoln October 6 and 7, with a successful show. Premiums announced, $350 ; awarded, $191. Five hundred and ninety-two entries were made at the West Penobscot fair, held September 28-30. More than usual interest and attendance were manifest — " the horse department was never better." Address by President Crane, who then resigned his office, which he had held with much acceptance for ten years. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union held its fair at Patten, October 14. Some fine stock were shown. Amount of premiums offered, $150; awarded, $95. farmers' clubs. Five farmers' clubs were formed during this year in the district covered by the operations of the county society, and were reported as "doing a good work." As many were organized within the field of the West Penobscot Society, four of which were visited .and addressed by the Hon. Samuel Wasson, of Hancock county. The next year seven clubs, all "well sustained," were reported by the county society. In 1872 the formation of such guilds was stimulated by the order of the State Board of Agri- culture that the several agricultural societies in the State should be required to expend during that year, for the formation and support of the clubs, a sum not less than one-fourth the amount the societies received as bounty from the State. A similar sum was also to be offered in premiums for farm improvements, to be awarded in the autumn of 1874. THE LAST DECADE. In 1870 the interest in agriculture was reported as "much increased in this county during the year past." Premiums were offered by the County Society to the amount of $1,600, of which $916 were awarded. Of the fair of the North Penobscot Society for this year, Secretary Clark says : The leading features of the exhibition of this society for the year 1870 were the unusual degree of interest manifested by the leading farmers, many coming ten, twenty, and even thirty miles to attend, bringing with them produce, stoc]<, etc., and remaining throughout the two days of the exhibition, and the excellent character of the produce and stock exhibited, clearly indicating an effort and determination to produce something worthy of exhibition. The trustees, at their annual meeting, invited proposals from the various towns for contributions to the society, agreeing to have the fair held in that town which would give the most. Over $ioo were raised in this way, and paid out in premiums. The eftorts of the trustees, together with the co-operation of the best farmers, made this the most interesting and profitable ex- hibition ever held by the society. The exhibition of the West Penobscot, held Septem- ber 27-9, 1870, had 630 entries: "The several depart- ments were well represented, some of which excelled any former show." The display of fruit was especially beau- tiful, "well representing the largest crop for many years." The exhibition in the halls was in advance of that of the previous year, and received particular commendation. Premiums advertised, $775; awarded, $420. As during the preceeding three years, the third day was set apart for trotting matches, not for premiums offered by the society, but for prizes obtained from the gate-money, of which the profits ($300 this year) went into the treasury of the society. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union gave its annual exhibition at Patten, October 6. Several farmers' clubs had been organized within the bounds of this society. The Waldo and Penobscot Society had its second an- nual cattle show, exhibition, and fair at Monroe, Septem- ber 28-29, ^nd was successful in all respects. Two hun- dred and sixteen entries were made. Premiums offered, $419; awarded, $297.75. Only about one half the amount was given for trials of speed as at the former fair. For the year 1872 we have mainly statistics from the societies to present. None are reported by the County Society, as it had united, — the Bangor Horticultural So- ciety also — with the State Fair of the year, held at Ban- gor. The entries for this fair were very large and other- wise excellent, but the inclement weather somewhat interfered with success. The West Penobscot received this year $121.62 from the State, and raised of itself $966. 1 6. It awarded $441.05 in premiums, besides $50 on farm improve- ments, and expended $5 for the benefit of the farmers' clubs. Two hundred and thirty dollars and twenty-five cents were given for live stock premiums; $68.10 for grain and root crops; $16.40 for other cultivated crops; $29.25, fruits and flowers; $3.25, sugar, honey, and syrup; $17.25, butter and cheese; $19.25, agricultural implements; $29.05, household manufactures and needlework; $8.75, manufacturers of wood, iron and leather; and $4.50 for other articles. The North Penobscot, held at Lee, October 2 and 3, raised $72.22 from its own resources, and awarded $125.50 in premiums — $82.25 fo"" 'i^e stock, and the balance to other departments. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met at Patten, October 3d. It had $100 from the State, and raised $125.50 otherwise. It awarded $86.75 '" premiums — $25 for farm improvements, $25 in aid of farmers' clubs, $47.75 for live stock, and $13.50 for grain and root crops. The Waldo and Penobscot Society received from the State $130, and raised the handsome sum of $429.26 from other sources. Five hundred and fifty-nine dollars and twenty-six cents were granted in premiums — $36 for farnn improvements, $33 to farmers' clubs, $123 for live stock, $34 for grain and root crops, and $15.50 for other crops. In 1873 the Bangor Horticultural Society gave a notably fine exhibition of fruits and flowers at the City Hall, September 16-19, i" union with the State Pomo- logical Society, which had been organized in 1847, and chartered in 1854 ; had held a very successful exhibition at Gardiner the next year, and sometime after ceased to exist. In 1873 it was revived and re-incorporated, and an arrangement made by its Executive Committee, at Bangor, in June, to hold the fall exhibition jointly with the local society, with premiums amounting to $598, of which $516 were finally awarded. The display was pronounced the best of the kind ever given in the State. About 1,500 dishes of fruit were shown, with as many bottles of cut flowers and other exhibits. A large col- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. i68 lection of fruit, obtained from the recent American Pom- ological Society's fair in Boston, made a most attractive feature of the show. Addresses were made by the President of the State Society, Mr. Z. A. Gilbert, of East Miner, and the Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, with remarks in discussion by several others. The Ban- gor Society, however, feeling that they had lost ground within the preceding two years, determined thereafter to hold their exhibitions independent of any other organi- zation. The North Penobscot Society had its fair of 1874 at Lincoln village, October 8 and 9. It had been voted at the last annual meeting to locate the exhibitions at this place for the next twenty years, in consideration of which the people of the village prepared a trotting park for it. The sum of $233.87 was offered in premiums and $82.50 awarded. The nineteenth annual show of the West Penobscot was held September 30th and October i and 2 — "very successful in good weather, a good exhibition, and good attendance." $800 were offered in premiums; $343.05 awarded. $47.50 were given for farm improve- ments, and as much for farmers' clubs. The Society held $5,000 worth of property, and had $1,857.50 lia- bilities. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met as usual at Patten, October 8, with unfavorable weather and a light attendance. $125 were advertised as premiums; $59.50 were given. $25 each were granted for farm improve- ments and farmers' clubs. The Waldo and Penobscot Society had its fifth annual show at the Monroe Trotting Park October i and 2, with usual success. Horse-trotting remained a promi- nent feature of the fair, occupying the second day almost exclusively. Time was taken, however, for an address by the Rev. S. Wentworth, of Monroe. Premiums of- fered, $507.50; awarded, $464. $36 were given for farm improvements and $33 to farmers' clubs. The So- ciety had property valued at $300 and no liabilities re- ported. THE PENOBSCOT CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY appears in the reports for 1875, as having its annual ex- hibition, that year at East Corinth September 15 and 16. Premiums offered, $453; paid, $268.75. Many members of the society are remarked as turning their premiums back into the treasury, as was doubtless the case with other societies, showing a large discrepancy between pre- miums offered and those paid. $22 were given for pre- mium orchards. The West Penobscot had its fair September 28 and 29, with cold and disagreeable weather both days, and consequently a partial failure of the exhibit. The "agri- cultural horse-trot," advertised for the second day, was totally ruined by the rain. Premiums offered, $735; paid, $300.80; $24 offered for premium orchards; value of property, $5,000; liabilities, $1,500. The North Penobscot had $237.25 on its announce- ment of premiums for this year. We have no report of its fair. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union had a two days' fair this year at Patten, September 22-23. The stock exhibit was larger and better than usual. Premiums of- fered and paid, $125 and $88.14, respectively; for or- chards, $25 offered. The Waldo and Penobscot met at the former Monroe Trotting Park, now their fair grounds, October 8 and 9 — "success was the reward in all their departments." A hall had just been built upon the grounds, and in it "was the best show ever witnessed at our fairs. The display in this interesting department is de- cidedly better each year." Premiums offered and awarded, $467 and $510 — facts specially notable from the superiority of the latter figure. $33 were expended for the benefit of the farmers' clubs. Value of the society's property, $1,600; liabilities, $300. The Penobscot Central Society met in East Corinth September 23 and 24, 1876, a postponement from two earlier days in the week having been compelled by storm. "If it be true," says the official report, "that we have at previous shows had as many cattle upon our grounds, it is certainly true that never have we had cattle of so good quality. . . The show of horses excelled all previous shows. . . Never before have our tables been so bountifully loaded with choice fruit. . The address of Rev. Mr. Pitts, of East Corinth, was an able and timely production, listened to by a large con- course of people, and duly appreciated." The West Penobscot held its twenty-second annua! show September 26-28. "The attendance was large, and the receipts very satisfactory. The show in the hall was a fair average of former years. . . The show of neat stock, horses, sheep, swine, and poultry was hardly up to former years, although many fine specimens were on the ground, more especially in young stock." Address by Mr. George S. Hill, president of the society. The North Penobscot met at Lincoln, September 28-29, "and was a decided success." The number of cattle was not so large as formerly, but was superior in quality. The show of fruit and vegetables was never surpassed by any former show, and could hardly be ex- celled even in older agricultural districts. Address by the Hon. A. M. Robinson, of Dover. The Penobscot and Aroostook Union met for its an- nual fair at Patten, September 28-29. The society exhibited its own full-blood short-horn bull. Rev. Mr. Kinney "delivered an excellent address, which was well received. . . On the whole, the fair was a good success, productive of kind feeling and social intercourse." The Waldo and Penobscot met for its eighth annual display upon its grounds at Monroe, October 4 and 7. The intervening days being stormy, the trials of speed, exhibition, matched and other horses, etc., were postponed to the last day of the week. "The show was attended with good success in each department." The number of entries was more than 200. For 1877 the Penobscot County Agricultural show and fair was held in Orono, September 18-20, the cattle show at the Trotting Park, adjoining the State Col- lege farm. The old sheds and buildings erected a' HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. t6g Bangor, for the State Fair, had been purchased, taken down, and re-erected at Orono, where they served as good purpose as ever. Rain somewhat dampened the prospects the first day, but the show was a fair success. "An unusual number of fine horses were entered, and on the whole the patrons were well pleased with the ex- hibition. . . The exhibition of fruit was a credit to the society and exhibitors. The exhibition of corn was never before equalled in this vicinity. . . The re- ceipts of the three days were as much as, if not more than could reasonably have been expected." Address on "The Margin of. Profit," by Professor M. C. Fernald, of the State College. The Penobscot Central held its eleventh annual exhibi- tion at East Corinth, September 12 and 13, with a good display. The show of stock and farm products was es- pecially large. The West Penobscot met September 25-27. Weather warm and pleasant, attendance large, and receipts very satisfactory. "Show of live stock, full aver- age" — "neat stock department was very full" — "sheep, swine, and poultry were well represented " — "horse de- partment well filled, and made a fine show" — "domestic manufactures, fancy articles, needlework, etc., made a very fair display" — "display of dairy products was very good, and the show of fruit was exceedingly good, con- sidering that the crop was almost a total failure" — "the specimens of crops were very large and fine." The Aroostook and Penobscot Union had ' its fair September 20-21. "Show of cattle small" — "the ladies' fair was very good, reflecting great credit on the committee of ladies who had it in charge" — "the second day of the fair partook of the nature of a farmers' holi- day." Address by the Rev. E. Skinner. The Waldo and Penobscot Society made its exhibition October 2 and 3. "Entries in the stock departiiient large, and of a superior quality" — "show of fat cattle good" — "in draft oxen there was a larger show than in any previous year" — "the horse department was better filled than at any of our previous fairs" — "display of sheep, swine, and fowls not quite as good as in former years, but of superior quality" — "the show in the halls was much too large for the building; . . Many more entries made in this department this year than ever before." The report further says: "By judicious management of their officers all outstanding debts have been paid, and there is a fund in the treasury which the company intend to expend upon their grounds the coming season, erecting buildings, etc., which, when completed, will make it one of the very finest show-grounds in this part of the State." For 1880 we h^ve only financial statistics again from the societies. The Central Penobscot had $go from the State, $88.66 from its own treasury; and awarded $194.14 in premiums and gratuities — $17.30 special premiums on wheat and corn, and $9.25 for the encouragement of draining, both under direction of the State Board of Ag- riculture. The North Penobscot reported only $75 receipts, raised altogether by itself; and awarded $60 in premiums for live stock, $20 for Indian corn, $12.25 for other cultivated crops, $19.15 for fruits and flowers, etc. The West Penobscot had the large sum of $234.68 from the State, and more than twice as much ($563.44) from its own resources. It awarded $274.35 in premiums and gratuities, with $21 special for dairy products. The value of its property was reported at $3, 000, with $1,200 liabilities. The Penobscot and Aroostook had $78 and $73 respectively from the State and its own funds; gave $81.75 in gratuities and premiums, $5 special for wheat and corn, $23 special for encouragement of dairying, $31-75 for live stock, $15 for fruits and flowers, $17 for bread, butter, and cheese, and usual premiums for other displays. The Waldo and Penobscot had a good sub- dsiy from the State, $130, but reported the surprising sum of $1,099. 14 3S raised by its own exertions, making a total receipt for the year of $1,229.14. Of this $585.90 were expended in premiums and gratuities, $30 in aid of county farmers' institutes, $326 for live stock premiums, $3.75 for Indian corn, nothing in special premiums, under order of the State Board, for wheat and corn, but $267 for trials of speed, and $159.50 otherwise for horses. THE GOOD DONE. Some of the benefits of the local agricultural societies and clubs were well presented by Mr. D. M. Dunham, of Bangor, in a brief paper read at the semi-annual meeting of the State Board of Agriculture, at Presque Isle, September 25-26, 1878. It said: Twelve years ago, when our Penobscot Agricultural Society was formed, in the twenty-one towns included in the limits, not a single half-acre of wheat was sown. The society offered, by the direction of this Board, $50 in premiums for wheat-culture, which brought out quite a good competition. The reports were 78 bushels upon two acres, 40 bushels upon i acre, and several others averaging 33 bushels to the acre ; and to-day I think I am safe in saying, outside of the city and villages, those towns have this year raised their own bread. I believe that it is quite a general feehng in this place that corn can- not be raised here. We used to think so in Penobscot county, but when this Board discussed the corn question at Newport, and our county clubs took it up and offered a premium in gold for its culture it was wonderful to see how many planted a piece of corn, and how generally successful was the result. I never saw better corn, either on the Kennebec or Connecticut rivers, and it was a httle curious that at the huskings there was no lack of red ears. LEADING AGRICULTURALISTS. The following-named gentlemen at present (1881) rep resent in this county the interests of the agricultural societies and kindred organizations: H. K. Robinson, Bangor, President of the Penobscot County Agricultural Society ; B. A. Burr, Bangor, Sec- retary. North Penobscot Agricultural Society — A. O. Ingersoll, of Lincoln, President ; W. B. Pinkham, Lin- coln, Secretary. West Penobscot — George S. Hill, of Exeter, President ; T. B. Bachelder, Kenduskeag, Secre- tary. Penobscot Central — Thomas J. Peakes, Charles- ton, President ; Mason S. Palmer, Corinth, Secretary. Penobscot and Aroostook Union — Samuel L. Kimball, of Patten, President. Waldo and Penobscot — J. W. Wallace, of Jackson, President ; E. H. Nealley, Monroe, Secretary. Trustee in Penobscot County of the Maine State Agricultural Society — D. M. Dunham, of Bangor. Trustees of the Maine Pomological Society — Henry McLaughlin and S. C. Harlow, of Bangor. Trustee 170 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of the Maine Dairymen's Association— H. M. Smith, of East Orrington. Vice-Presidents of the Maine Poultry Association— J. P. Walker, Bangor, and G. D. Stock- well, East Orrington. THE COUNTY GRANGE. We are indebted to Mrs. M. L. Crawford, of Carmel, Secretary of the County Grange, for the following state- ment: — Penobscot County Grange was organized at Bangor, April 23, 1881, with the following-named charter mem- bers:— Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Gregory, Mr. and Mrs. Al- bert Hall, Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Hall, Mr. and Mrs. Allen Carter, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Freeman, Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Johnson, William Patten, and Joseph ('lement. The following-named were the officers elect: — E. H. Gregory, Master; C. M. Freeman, Overseer; William Pattten, Steward ; Allen Carter, Assistant Steward ; Joseph Clements, Chaplain ; Nathan Johnson, Treas- urer ; M. L. Croxford, Secretary ; J. M. Robinson, Gate-Keeper ; Mrs. E. H. Gregory Ceres ; Mrs. C. M. Freeman, Pomona; Mrs. Allen Carter, Flora; Mrs. J. M. Robinson, Lady Assistant Steward. Members from the following Subordinate Granges com- pose the County Grange at the present time : — Eastern Star, Hampden (Patrons of Husbandry, No. i); Union, Hermon, No. 26; Queen City, Bangor, No. 30; Golden Harvest, Carmel, No. 33 ; Mt. Etna, Etna, No. 36 ; Mystic Tie, Kenduskeag, No. 58; Orient, Corinth, No. 60 ; Garland, Garland, No. 76 ; Rural, Veazie, No. 207 ; Pine Grove, Brewer, No. 233 ; Stetson, Stetson, No. 234. OLDER SOCIETIES. The Penobscot Medical Association was organized February r5, r8s4. Hosea Rich was the first President, and William H. Brown, Secretary. The Bangor Medical Association organized January 16, 1829, with the same President (Dr. Rich), and Dr. John P. Dickinson, Secretary. The last recorded meeting was in 1843, March 8. The Penobscot Musical Association was organized October 9, 1848, and incorporated November 16, i860. Its first President was William H. Mills ; Secretary, E. F. Duren. It maintains its organization to the present time, meeting annually in the autumn, and holding a ses- sion of four days. CHAPTER XL THE MAINE STATE COLLEGE. The Foundation Provided by the General Government — A Board of Regents— The College Legislated into Being — A Board of Trustees — Settling a Site — Other Prehminaries — The Site Settled, the Build- ing Built, and the College Opened — Some More Legislation— History of the College to 1876 — The Workshop Instruction— Present Organi- zation of the College — The Cobum Cadets — The Cobum Prizes- Full List of Alumni — The Associate Alumni — The State Board of Agriculture and the State College — Good Words for the School. THE FOUNDATION. The act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, entitled "An Act donating lands to the several States and Terri- tories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agri- culture and the mechanic arts," upon which agricultural and technical schools have been founded or enlarged in many States, gave to the State of Maine 210,000 acres of the public lands, conditioned upon acceptance of the grant within two years from the date of the act The re- quired acceptance was signified by resolution of the Leg- islature, approved March 25, 1863, and scrip for the amount of the donation was duly issued by the General Land Office and forwarded to the Governor of Maine. During that year the project of the new college came quite generally under discussion by the press and people of the State, as well as by the Board of Agriculture and the Legislature. The Board passed resolutions declaring it advisable and expedient to establish an institution in- dependent of and on a different basis from any existing college; and — partly in consequence of this, perhaps— the Legislature declined a proposal to connect the school with Waterville college. A BOARD OF REGENTS. At the same date the resolution of the State Legisla- ture accepting the grant was approved, another was passed providing for the election by that body of a Board of Regents of the coming college, to consist of thirteen per- sons. The session was concluded, however, without mak- ing the nominations, and the resolution consequently failed of effect. At the next session the resolution was renewed in substance, but provided for a coramissioiB, of three, instead of thirteen, and Messrs. the Hon. W. G. Cro?; by, Joseph Eaton, and Samuel F. Peasley were appointed commissioners to receive proposals for the location of the college, and benefactions in aid thereof About the same time the Governor was authorized to dispose of the land scrip, acting "in concert with the Governors of the other States." THE COLLEGE LEGISLATED INTO BEING. An act was passed by the Legislature in February, 1865, "to establish the State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," whereby Messrs. Hannibal Hamlin, Charles A. Everett, William Wirt Wigin, Samuel F, Perley, Thomas S. Lang, N. T. Hill, Bradford Cum- mings, Dennis Moore, William D. Dana, S. L. Goodale, Robert Martin, Alfi-ed S. Perkins, Joseph Farwell, Seward Dill, Joseph Day, and Ebenezer Knowlton were constituted Trustees of the College, and authorized to establish such an institution as was contemplated by the act of Congress making the land-grants for the purpose, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 171 "Practical experiments and demonstrations of scientific principles and rules," also instruction in military tactics, and such other studies "as the facilities of the College and the periods of instruction will permit," all "in addi tion to the instruction which is to be given by classes, text-books, lectures, and apparatus," are prescribed in the act. No charge for tuition was to be made to any student who is an inhabitant of the State. The follow- ing section is well worth extracting in full : Section 14. It shall be the duty of the trustees, directors, and teachers of the college to impress on the minds of the students the principles of morality and justice, and a sacred regard to truth; love to their country, humanity and universal benevolence; sobriety, in- dustry, and frugality, chastity, moderation, and temperance, and all other virtues which are the ornaments of human society; and among other means to promote these ends, and to secure the best personal im- provement of the students, the trustees shall . provide, as fully as may be practicable, that the internal organization of the college shall be on the plan of one or more well-regulated households and families, so that the students may be brought into relations of domestic intimacy and confidence with their teachers. SETTLING A SITE. The act of Congress making the grant requiring the establishing of at least one of the colleges contemplated by it, by each State accepting its terms, within five years, on penalty of forfeiture of the gift, the commissioners soon set about the ascertainment of a site for the Maine College. Advertisements were made in the newspapers, inviting donations and benefactions in aid of the pro- posed college, and proposals for the location thereof. In reply, three offers of sites, to be gratuitously given, were made — one by Mr. Benjamin F. Nourse, of Orrington, Penobscot county, of his farm of 425 acres at Goodale's Corner, unconditionally offered; one from the Hon. Francis O. J. Smith, of New York City, of his 90-acre farm at Gorham, with no condition except the permanent maintenance of the Agricultural College therein; and one from the President and Trustees of Bowdoin College at Brunswick, of the establishment of a separate institu- tion of the character designated in the grant, in con- sideration of the transfer to the corporation of Bowdoin of the entire amount of the land scrip. The commis- sioners visited the several localities included in the offers. They found the first and second objectionable for lack of necessary buildings, and the first also by reason of its dis- tance from any central point of travel. The Brunswick location, including about 300 acres for an experimental farm, was free from these objections, but not found suitable for a stock farm. Upon the whole, however, the commission reported in favor of accepting the Bowdoin offer, but did not think the scrip could be legally transferred to the College authorities. It rather should be sold, in their judgment, and the proceeds in- vested. The recommendations were fully discussed in public and private, by the Board of Agriculture and the Legislature; and the decision finally was not to accept them. OTHER PRELIMINARIES. The trustees appointed by the late act had a meeting at Augusta, April 25 and 26, 1865, and appointed Mr. Hamlin President, Mr. Goodale, Clerk, and Mr. Phine- has Barnes, of Portland, Treasurer of the Board. An address was issued by the trustees to the people of the State, calling attention to the enterprise and inviting "such contributions as will enable them to provide the requisite buildings and apparatus for setting the College in operation." Mr. Nourse had so modified his offer of the gift of his Orrington farm as to require the precedent raising of $50,000 "for the erection of buildings and other uses of the College." At another meeting of the Board in Augusta, the next September, it was reported that only about one-half the necessary amount had been pledged, when thanks were voted to Mr. Nourse, and the attempt to secure the acceptance of his offer was abandoned. A call was announced for a meeting in Bangor, to consider some informal proposals made con- cerning an available tract in Orono town. No quorum was got together, however, and the matter rested until the next year. It was necessary to exercise considerable care and circumspection, in order to make sure that the site finally selected should answer the specifications of the resolution of instructions passed by the Legislature in 1863, that "the farm should embrace such a variety of soils and of surface as should constitute it, as near as may be, a fair epitome of the State, and that it should occupy a location easily accessible, and as nearly central to the State as may be, considering both geographical position, population, and social and other advantages." In addition to the locahties before mentioned, a site at Topsham was pressed upon the attention of the Board, mainly by the authorities of a college then existing in that vicinity, who were supported by the influence of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, who was also Clerk of the Board of Trustees. Early in 1866, after a full attention to the claims of each of the locali- ties, the site at Orono, in Penobscot county, now occu- pied by the College and its farm, were determined upon. Contracts for the necessary buildings were made, and work went rapidly forward, so that in 1868 the institution was opened for the reception of pupils; and, says the next Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agricul- ture: "aclassof highly promising young raenhas been gath- ered — less numerous, it may be, than in some similar in- stitutions in other States, but considerably more so than the earlier classes which entered what is now the oldest, the most numerously attended, and the best equipped of our literary colleges." By chapter 59, of the Private and Special Laws of 1866, the inhabitants of Orono were authorized to raise money, by taxation or loan, to the amount of $11,000, for the purchase of the White and the Goddard or Frost farms, for conveyance to the Trustees of the State Col- lege, if a majority of the inhabitants should agree there- to. At the same session, the inhabitants of Oldtown were similarly authorized to vote an appropriation in aid of the purchase of land in Orono for the same purpose. MORE LEGISLATION. At the legislative session of 1869 $28,000 were ap- propriated from the State Treasury for the purposes of the College, and $22,000 in 1870, both under the proviso that a perfect title to the preoijses in O^'ong should be 172 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. vested in the State before any money should be drawn under these grants. By chapter 147, of the Private and Special Laws of 1872, "females who possess the suitable qualifications for admission to the several classes, may be admitted as students in the college, subject to the requirements of labor and study which may be determined by the Faculty of Instruction and by the Trustees of the College." THE REMAINING STORY of the college, to the year 1876, with some amplifica- tion of what we have already given, is well told by Mr. S. L. Boardman, Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, in the twenty-first annual report of that officer: In February, 1865, the "Maine State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts" was incorporated, and sixteen trustees were recog- nized, representing the different counties of the State. On the 25th of April the trustees organized by the choice of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin as President, and they also issued an address caUing upon the citizens of the State to come up to the work of the endowment of the Institu- tion. At a subsequent meeting, held in 1865, Mr. B. F. Nourse, of Orrington, renewed his offer of his farm and buildings, provided $50,000 could be secured for the erection of the necessary buildings by subscriptions or donations. This farm was visited by the trustees, and during the year they also visited sites for the proposed location of the college in Topsham, Gorham, Augusta, Fairfield, Newport, and Orono, but no decision was made during the year. At a meeting held in Janu- ary, 1866, the offer made by the towns of Orono and Oldtown, accom- panied by an offer of $ro,o6o from the citizens of Bangor, was ac- cepted, it being considered by a large majority the most advantageous offer that had been made. In April of the same year. Dr. J. C. Weston of Bangor, was elected clerk of the Board of Trustees, and in Sep tember, Mr. HamUn having previously resigned, Hon. W. A. P. DiUirigham, of Sidney, was elected President of the Board. This Board, at a meeting held January 22, 1867, elected as President of the College, Hon. Phineas Barnes, of Portland, a gentleman who had previously been elected Treasurer, and who had from the first inception of this movement taken a deep interest in its success, having written a series of articles on the establishment and management of the CoUe ge which had attracted wide attention. The election of Mr. Barnes was the last act of this Board. It had found, from its large number and the difficulty of caUing meetings at which a quorum would be present that a re-organization would be desirable. Accordingly a new Board was constituted, consisting of seven members, of which Hon. Abner Cobum, of Skowhegan, was elected President, and Hon. Lyndon Oak, of Garland, Clerk. In 1867 a college-building, now known as White Hall, and used for recitation purposes, was built, and the general farm buildings thoroughly repaired. At the meeting of the trustees held July 2, 1868, M. C. Fern- aid, A. M., was elected to the position of Professor of Mathematics, and Samuel Johnson, of Jackson, was elected farm superintendent. The necessary arrangements having been made, and with these two instructors. Prof. Fernald acting as president, the institution was opened, in September, with a class of 13 students. The erection of a laboratory building was commenced this year, the same being built upon the plan, somewhat improved, of the laboratory of Brown Un- iversity, Providence, Rhode Island. The towns of Orono and Oldtown had given a warranty deed of the farms, in which was inserted the condition that the property should revert to the town of Orono, should the location of the college e^er be changed. The trustees desired to change the conditions of this deed so that they might have the alternative of paying the present worth of the land, or abandoning the property if the location of the college was changed. Pending the settlement of this matter between the trustees and the town of Orono, a year went by, during which the legislature refused to make further appropriations to the institution till the change was made in the terms of the deed, conveying the land to the State without qualifications. Of course this action suspended all building operations for the year, but with the giving of*a satisfactory deed to the State, the Legislature, in 1870, made an appropriation of $50,000. In 1869, the statute concerning the board of agriculture was so amended that its secretary was created a trustee ex officio of the Institu- tion; and one of the two sessions of the board to be held annually was fixed at the college, or near enough for the students to attend. Through the courtesy of the presidents and superintendents of the several rail- roads in the State, free passes have been obtciined for the students to attend meetings in the different counties, this being regarded as coming within the requirements of the statute, and the meetings so held have been very interesting and profitable to the students. Besides, by visiting the different paits of the State, the students have been enabled to make decided friends for the institution, and to give a good idea of its course of study and discipline to those who could not well visit it. The college, since its establishment, has received the following ap- propriations from the State: In 1867, $20,000; in 1868, $10,000; in 1870, $50,000; in 1871, $6,000; in 1872 $18,000; in 1873, $24,000; in 1874, $12,500; in 1B75, $10,500; and in 1876, $8,000 — a total of $159,- 000. If the above amounts seem large, it must be borne in mind that they are small compared with the appropriations which other States have made for institutions of a similar character. Thus, Michigan has given its college $419,000 in 18 years; Iowa, $329,000 in 7 years; Massa- chusetts, $313,000 in 7 years; Illinois, $235,000 in 5 years; and Penn- sylvania, $270,000 in 4 years. The laboratory building was completed in 1870, and the dormitory and boarding-house built in 1871. The dormitory is 3 stories high, and has 48 rooms. The president's house was built in 1872, a professor's house in 1873, and the large barn in 1874. The students erected a building for their own purposes in 1876. The total number of build- ings belonging to the college is as follows; 3 for college purposes, i boarding-house, 4 dwellings for the use of instructors, and 4 barns and stables. The following table represents the number of students in each year since the opening of the college:'* Years. Seniors. Juniors. Sophomores. Freshmen. Special. Total. 1868 13 10 14 24 32 34 28 35 20 I 2 S 3 13 23 32 42 71 103 121 "S 94 1B69 13 9 6 2S 41 30 22 37 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1B76 ""e"' 7 7 19 33 18 9 6 7 20 42 20 16 The appropriations made by the State have been ex- pended for the erection of buildings, the purchase of scientific apparatus, implements, and farm stock, and for supplementing the income from the National grant in defraying the expenses of salaries. While ihe income from the grant is but $8,400 per annum, the salaries of professors and teachers amount to $12,500 per annum, the balance of which has to be made up from the sums appropriated by the State from time to time. It has been found necessary, in order to keep up the character of the institution, to furnish the instruction demanded by the increased number of pupils and to sustain teach- ers of positive ability, to pay as good salaries as are paid by other institutions of a similar nature; consequently the annual expenses in this direction have exceeded the income for the purpose provided by the endowment of the National Government, and the assistance of the State has been necessary. The college farm is worth $15,000, while the value of the scientific apparatus is $9,000; of the library, $4,000; of the farm stock, $3,800; and of farm implements, $1,500. In 1878 the system of workshop instruction in the mechanic arts, according to the Russian plan, which was contemplated in the very foundation of the college, was put into successful operation. The shops were opened wholly through means obtained by private sub- *The students in the academic year 1880-81 were: Freshmen, 31; sophomores, gp; juniors, 27; seniors, 25; post-graduates, 3; special, 4; total, no. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 173 scription, led, in both amount and influence, by ex- Governor Coburn, of the Board of Trustees. The vise shop was opened for practical operations May 4th, with Mr. Valentine Walburg, of Boston, in charge as instruc- tor. The forge shop followed October ist, under the direction of Professor W. A. Pike. The work upon the building for this was done almost wholly by the students of the College. The first classes in these shops made remarkable progress, and they now constitute a most successful and approved department of the instruction. Mr. Wilbur F. Decker, B. M. E., a graduate of the Col- lege in 1879, is regularly installed as "Instructor in Vise- work and Forge-work." The following extracts are made from the last cata- logue of the College : DESIGN OP THE INSTITUTION. It is the design of the Maine State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts to give the young men of the State who may desire it, at a moderate cost, the advantages of a thorough, liberal and practical education. It proposes to do this by means of the most approved methods of instruction, by giving to every young man who pursues the course of study an opportunity practically to apply the lessons he learns in the class-room, and by furnishing him facilities for defraying a part of his expenses by his own labor. By the act of Congress granting public lands for the endewment and maintenance of such colleges, it is provided that the leading object of such an institution shall be, "without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.'' While the courses of study fully meet this requisition, and are espe- cially adapted to prepare the student for agriculture and mechanical pursuits, it is designed that they shall be also sufficiently comprehen- sive, and of such a character as to secure to the student the discipline of (mind and practical experience necessary for entering upon other callings or professions. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. Five full courses are provided, viz : A course in Agriculture, in Civil Engineering, in Mechanical Engineering, in Chemistry, and in Science and Literature. The studies of the several courses are essentially common for the first two years, and are valuable not only in themselves, but also as fur- nishing a necessary basis for the more technical studies and the prac- tical instruction of the Junior and Senior years. Physical Geography, taught in the first term of the freshman year, serves as a suitable introduction to Geology, which is taken up later in each of the courses. Physiology serves as an introduction to Com- parative Anatomy, and Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry are need- ful preliminaries to the higher mathematics and the practical applica- tions required in Surveying, Engineering proper, and Astronomy. Botany, Chemistry, and Physics are highly important branches, com- mon to all the assigned courses, and hence taken by all the students who are candidates for degrees. Rhetoric, French, and English Literature, form the early part of a line of studies which later includes German, Logic, History of Civiliza- tion, United States Constitution, Political Economy, and Mental and Moral Science ; branches, several of which relate not more to literary culture than to social and civil relations, and to the proper preparation for the rights and duties of citizenship. Composition and Declamation are regular exercises in all the courses throughout the four years. MILITARY INSTRUCTION. Thorough instruction is given in military science by a competent offi- cer. It extends through the whole college course, the freshman, soph- omore, and junior classes receiving instruction in infantry tactics, and the senior class in artillery drill. Arms are furnished by the State. The uniform is navy-blue yatch cloth, sack coat, and pants, without brass buttons or trimming that at- tract attention, and is required to be worn during the miUtary exercises. LABOR. It is a peculiarity of the college, that it makes provision for labor, thus combining practice with theory, manual labor with scientific cult- ure. The maximum time of required labor is three hours a day for five days in the week. In the lowest class the students are required to work on the farm, and they receive compensation for their labor according to their industry, faithfulness and efficiency, the educational character of the labor being also taken into account. The maximum price paid is ten cents an hour. The labor is designed to be as much as possible educational, so that every student may become familiarwith all the forms of labor upon the farm and in the garden. The students of the three upper classes carry on their principal labor in the laboratory, the drawing-rooms, the work-shops, or in the field, and for it they receive no pecuniary consideration, since this labor is of a purely educational character. SPECIAL COURSES. Students may be received for less time than that required for a full course, and they may select from the studies of any class such branches as they are quahfied to pursue successfully. Students in Special Cour- ses are not entitled to degrees, but may receive certificates of proficiency. DEGREES. The full course in Civil Engineering entitles to the Degree of Bache- lor of Civil Engineering ; the full course in Mechanical Engineering, to the Degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering ; the full course in Agriculture, Chemistry, or Science and Literature, to the Degree of Bachelor of Science. Three years after graduation, on presentation of a satisfactory thesis with the necessary drawings, and proof of professional work or study, the Bachelors of Civil Engineering may receive the Degree of Civil En- gineer ; the Bachelors of Mechanical Engineering, the Degree of Me- chanical Engineer ; the Bachelor of Science, the Degree of Master of Science. FARM AND BUILDINGS. The college farm contains three hundred and seventy acres of land, of high natural productiveness and of great diversity of soil; and is therefore well adapted to the experimental purposes of the institution. White Hall, the building first erected, affords excellent accommoda- tions for a limited number of students. The lower rooms of this build- ing are appropriated to general and class purposes. Brick Hall contains forty-eight rooms, and has connected with it a boarding-house for students. With these buildings, the institution furnishes desirable accommodations for one hundred and twenty-five students. The Laboratory contains two apparatus rooms, a lecture room, a cabinet, a library and weighing room, a recitation room, and rooms for analytical and other purposes, and is in all respect admirably adapted to the wants of the chemical and mineralogical departments. APPARATUS. The college is furnished with new and valuable apparatus for the de- partments of Physical Geography. Chemistry, Physics, Surveying, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, to which additions will be made as the exigencies of the several departments require. Models have been obtained from the United States Patent office, and others have been purchased, that serve for purposes of instruction. LIBRARY. The Library contains 4,855 volumes, the largest proportion of which have been obtained through the generosity of ex-Governor Coburn. Valuable additions have also been made to it by other friends of the college, only a small number having been purchased with money ap- propriated by the State. It is earnestly hoped that so important an auxiliary in the education of the student will not be disregarded by the people of the State, and that Uberal contributions will be made to the library, not only of agricultural and scientific works, but also of those profitable to the general reader. The reading-room is supplied with a number of valuable newspapers and periodicals. CABINET. Rooms have been fitted up with cases of minerals and specimens of natural history, and several hundred specimens have been presented to the College. The valuable private cabinets of Prof C. H. Fernald and Ex-President C. F. Allen are placed in these rooms, and are accessible to the students. All specimens presented will be properly credited and placed on exhibition. Rocks illustrating the different geological forma- tion and minerals found within the State are particularly solicited. EXPENSES.* * Since this Catalogue was issued, the trustees have been required by law to make charge of tuition. They have fixed the rate at $30 a year, to be divided equally between the two terms. They say; "In deciding upon this 174 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Bedding and furniture must be supplied by the students, who also furnish their own lights. Tables, chairs, bedsteads, sinks and husk mattresses can be purchased at the college at moderate rates. The price of board is two dollars and sixty cents per week ; washmg averages not more than sixty cents per dozen. The warming by steam of single rooms (each suitable for two occu- pants) has averaged for the past four years about ten dollars a room for each term. The expense of heating recitation rooms and rooms for general purposes has been about two dollars a term for each student, and the incidental expenses including pay for the services of janitor, pay for bringing mail, for cleaning and renovating rooms, for general re- pairs etc have been less than three dollars per term for each student. From the items given, with an allowance of a few dollars a year for necessary text-books, quite an accurate estimate of needful expenses can be made. The college term-bills are payable, one-half at the commencement and the remainder at or before the close of each term. MEANS OF DEFRAYING EXPENSES. The terms are so arranged that the long vacation occurs in the winter, that students may have an opportunity to teach during that time. The summer vacation is in the haying season, when farm labor is most profitable. By availing themselves of the opportunities thus afforded, together with the allowance for labor on the college farm, industrious and economical students can cancel the greater part of their college expenses. Among the organizations attached to the college is the battalion of Coburn Cadets, in two infantry companies, and one artillery company, commanded by Major A. E. Rogers, with W. R. Howard as Adjutant. F. I. Kimball is Captain of Company A, H. A. Kieth of Company B, and G. W. Sturtevant of the artillery. The battalion is named from ex-Governor Coburn, who has been a steady benefactor of the College. Among other benefits con- ferred by him, is the formation of the "Coburn prize for best sophomore declamation," which was taken last year by Mr. C. S. Blackford; and for the "Coburn prize for best junior essay," awarded in 1880 to Mr. F. S. Wade. THE ALUMNI are not yet so numerous as to make the publication of the entire list in any way burdensome. It will, we are confident, be examined with interest by the readers of this volume, and prove a record of permanent interest. It is also extracted from the last number of the College Catalogue : CLASS OF 1872. Benjamin F. Gould, C. E., farmer, San Juan, California; George E. Hammond, C. E., civil engineer, Elliott; Edwin J. Haskell, B. S., silk manufacturer, Saccarappa; Heddle HilUard, C. E., civil engineer. Grand Southern Railroad, New Brunswick; Eber D. Thomas. B. S.. civil engineer. Grand Rapids. Michigan; George O. Weston. B. S.. farmer. Norridgewock. CLASS OF 1873. Russell W. Eaton. C. E.. cotton-mill engineer, Providence, Rhode Island; George H. Hamhn, C. E., professor. State College. Orono; Fred W. Holt, C. E., civil engineer, G. S. R. R., St. George, New Brunswick; John M. Oak, B. S., merchant. Garland; Charles E. Reed. C. E.. business manager Free Press, Detroit. Michigan; Frank Lamp- som Scribner. B. S., tutor, Girard College, Philadelphia; Harvey B. Thayer. B. S., druggist. Monson. CLASS OF 1874. Wmiam A. Allen. C. E.. civil engineer, M. C. R. R., Portland; Wal- ter Balentine, B. S., instructor in agriculture. State College, Orono; amount, they have endeavored to avoid two extremes — the one, a tuition so high as to be in disregard of the fact that a large percentage of the studentswork their own way, either wholly or in part ; the other, a tuition so low as seemingly to indicate an undervaluing of the advantages offered." The trustees, however, make provision for the establishing of free scholarships, by the following action : "Voted, That any individual or society paying to the Treasurer a sum not less than seven hundred and fifty dollars, shall be entitled to one perpetual free scholanhip in the College." WilUam H. Gerrish, B. R., M. D.. physician. Merrimac, Massachu- setts; John I. Gurney, B. S.. farmer. Dorchester. Massachusetts; David R. Hunter. B. S.. police officer, Oakland, California; Louise H. Rams, dell. B. S. (Mrs. Milton D. Noyes), Atkinson. CLASS OF 1875. Solomon W. Bates, C. E., civil engineer. Waterville; Wilbur A. Bumps, C. E., M. D., physician, Dexter; Samuel H. Clapp, C. E.. teach- er, Newton, Massachusetts; Lewis F. Coburn, C. E., teacher. Crescent City, California; Charles W. Colesworthy. B. S., California; Charles F. Durham. C. E., teacher. Crescent City. California; Alfred M. Goodalc, B. S. , superintendent Newton Mais . Newton Upper Falls. Massachusetts; Edson F. Hitchins. C. E., draughtsman. Waterville; Whitman H. Jor- dan, B.S., professor agricultural chemistry, State College, Pennsylvania; Edward D. Mayo, M. E., draughtsman and instructor in drawing, Min- neapolis. Minnesota; Albert E. Mitchell. M. E., mechanical engineer, Altoona, Pennsylvania; Allen G. Mitchell. C. E.. civil engineer. Madi- son; FredW. Moore. B. S. . teacher (deceased). CaUfornia; Luther W. Rogers. B. S.. merchant. Waterville; Minott W. Sewall. M. E., me- chanical engineer, Wilmington. Delaware; George M. Shaw, C. E., principal of schools. Oraville. California; Wesley Webb, B. S., farmer, South Freeport; Edgar A. Work. C. E.. (deceased) United States Mil- itary Academy. CLASS OF 1876. Edmund Abbott. B. S., M. D.. physician. Winterport; Charles P. Allen. B. S., lawyer, Presque Isle; Eldridge H. Beckler, C. E., civil en- gineer, N. P. R. R., St. Paul. Minnesota; Fred M. Bisbee, C. E., civil engineer. Santa Fe, New Mexico; Edward M. Blanding. B. S., editor Maine Mining Journal. Bangor; Charles M. Brainard. B. S., lumber- man, Skowhegan; George H. Buker, B. S., apothecary, Presque Isle; Florence H. Cowan, B. S., Orono; Oliver Crosby, M. E., foreman of machine shop, St. Paul, Minnesota; Vetal Cyr, B. S. , Principal of Madawaska Training School, Fort Kent; James E. Dike, C. E., sur- veyor, Fargo, Dakota Territory; Willis O. Dyke. B. S. (deceased), Gorham; Horace M. Estabrooke. B. S.. teacher. Pembroke; Arthur M. Farrington, B. S., veterinary surgeon, 33 West Twenty-seventh street. New York; George O. Foss. C. E.. United States engineer. St. Paul. Minnesota; William T. Haines. B. S.. lawyer, Waterville; Henry F. Hamilton, B. S., D. D. S., dentist, 124 Commonwealth Avenue, Bos- ton; Newall P. Haskell, B. S., New Gloucester; Edward S. How, M. E., bookkeeper, Portland; Philip W. Hubbard, B. S., apothecary, Farmington; Samuel M. Jones, M. E., engineer, Coriiss Engine Works, Providence. Rhode Island; Albert M. Lewis. B. S.. clergyman. Sebec; Herbert A. Long. M. E.. farmer, Bluehill; Luther R. Lothrop, C. E., civil engineer N. P. R. R., St. Paul, Minnesota; Nelson H. Martin, B. S., teacher. Fort Fairfield; Charles E. Oak, M. E.. surveyor, Caribou; George D. Parks, C. E., lawyer, Brunswick; Hayward Pierce. B. S.. West Waldo Granite Works, Frankfort; Frank R. Reed, C. E.,' carpenter, Roxbury; Henry J. Reynolds, B. S., druggist, Ma- chias; Charles W. Rogers, M. E.. machinist. Charlestown. Massachu- setts;' William L. Stevens, M. E., agent _of flouring mills, Minneapo- lis. Minnesota; John H. Williams. B. S.. teacher. Milo. CLASS OF 1877. Alvah D. Blackington. C. E.. city engineer. Rockland; Robert B. Burns. B. C. E., superintendent of schools. Fort Fairfield; Eugene H. Dakin, B. S.. apothecary. Bangor; Edward F. Danforth, B. S.. lawyer, Skowhegan; Augustus J. Elkins. B. M. E., draughtsman and scaler, Oldtown; Alica T. Emery, B. S., teacher, Orono; Samuel W. Gould, B. S., lawyer, Skowhegan; Joseph C. Lunt, B. C. E., merchant. Fort Fairfield; Fred F. Phillips, B. S., law student, Bangor; Samuel Shaw, B. M. E., architectural draughtsman, Boston, Massachusetts; Frank P. Stone, B. S., farmer, Livermore Falls; Thomas J. Stephens, B. M. E., apothecary. Auburn; George E. Sturgis, B. C. E.. apothecary. Oregon; Charles E. Towne. B. C. E., government surveyor, Helena, Montana; James W. Weeks, B. M. E., draughtsman. Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Nel- lie E. Weeks, B. S., (Mrs. Llewellyn Spencer). Orono; Ivan E. Web- ster. B. S.. lumberman. Orono. CLASS OF 1B78. Emma Brown. B. S.. teacher. Orono; Andrew J. Caldwell. B. M.E., draughtsman, Brooklyn, New York; Cecil C. Chamberlain. B. S., clerk in lumber business, Geneseo, Illinois; George Fernald, B. C. E.. mer- chant. Waterloo. Iowa; James Heald, B. S., M. & St. P. R. R.> M"" neapolis. Minnesota; John Locke, B. S., Maine Central R. R., Port- land; Frank J. Oakes, B. C. E., assistant city engineer, Lowell, Ma^ sachusetts; John C. Patterson. B. C. E., civil engineer, St. PaulS Manitoba R. R-, Norman, Dakota Territory; Winfield E. Tripp, B. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. I7S C. E., law student, Albany, New York; Edward C. Walker, B. S., lawyer, Lovel; Otis C. Webster, B. S., druggist, Augusta. CLASS OF 1879. Harry P. Bean, B. C. E., civil engineer C, M. & St. Paul R. R., Par- ker, Dakota Territory; Edward ]. Blake, B. C. E. , assistant engineer W., St. L. & P. R. R., Peoria, Illinois; Simon P. Crosby, B. S., law student. Dexter; John D. Cutter. B. S., medical student. University of the City of New York; Wilbur F. Decker, B. M. E. , instructor in vise work and forge work. State college, Orono; David A. Decrow, B. C. E. , draughts- man, Lockport, New York; Willis E. Ferguson, B. S., farmer, Bangor; Charles W. Gibbs, B. C. E., Abington, Illinois; Annie M. Gould, B. S., teacher, Stillwater; Nellie M. Holt, B. S., teacher, Orono; Frank E. Kidder, B. C. E., student of architecture,' institute of technology, Boston, Massachusetts; Mark D. Libby, B. C. E., stock breeder, Bel- mont, Kansas; Charles S. Loring, B. M. E., machinist, Winthrop; George P. Merrill, B. S. , U. S. fish commission, Washington, District of Columbia; Arthur L. Morse, fanner, Limerick; Charles A. Morse, B. C. E., draughtsman, C, B. & Q.R. R., Burlington, Iowa; Fred D. Potter, B. M. E., draughtsman, Providence, Rhode Island; Alton J. Shaw, B. M. E., mechanical engineer, Auburn; Percia A. Vinal, B. S., teacher, Orono; George O. Warren, B. S. , farmer, Fryeburg; Herbert Webster, B. S., lumberman, Orono. CLASS OF 1880. Horace W. Atwood, B. S. , student in veterinary science. New York City; James M. Bartlett, B. S. , assistant in chemistry, Wesleyan Uni- versity, Middletown, Connecticut ; Albert H. Brown, B. S., Oldtown ; Marcia Davis, B. S. , teacher, Stillwater; Fied B. Elliott, B. S., far- mer, Bowdoin ; Sarah P. Farrington, B. S. , teacher. State reform school, Cape Elizabeth ; Charles W. Fernald, B. S., clerk, Waterloo, Iowa; Fred W. Fickett,B. S., teacher, Etna; George W. Lufkin.B. C. E. , teacher. North Yarmouth ; Frank A. Mansfield, B. S. , teacher, Cam- den;AnnieA. Matthews, B. S., teacher, Stillwater ; Henry W. Murray, B. C. E., teacher, Farmington, California; Franklin R. Patten, B. C. E., civil engineer, Newport, Rhode Island ; Charles T. Pease, B. S. , civil engineer. P., W. & B. R. R., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; fames F. Purrington, B. S., farmer, Bowdoin. A society Of "Associate Alumni" has been formed, which has at present the following named officers : President, Edward M. Blanding, Bangor ; Secretary, Professor W. H. Jordan, State College, Pennsylvania ; Treasurer, Phillip W. Hub- bard, Farmington; Class Secretaries, 1872, E. J. Haskell, Saccarappa; 1873, J. M. Oak, Garland ; 1874, W. A. Allen, Portland ; 1875, W. H. Jordan, State College, Pennsylvania ; 1876, N. P. Haskell, New Gloucester ; 1877, S. W. Gould, Skowhegan ; 1878, C. E. Walker, Lovell ; 1879, F. E. Kidder, Institute of technology, Massachusetts. THE STATE BOARD AND THE COLLEGE. March i, 1869, an act of the Legislature was ap- proved entitled "An Act to secure harmony of action between the Board of Agriculture and the State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," in which it was provided that five members, appointed from the State at large, should be added to the Board, of whom two should be appointed from the Faculty of the College; that the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture should be ex officio a member of the Board of Trustees of the College, and that the former Board should hold one of its two annual sessions "within such convenient distance of the State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts as will enable the attendance of the students and Faculty of said College, so that they may have the ad- vantage of the addresses and discussions before the Board." The first of the sessions under this act began at the College in Orono, October 19, 1869. The report of the meeting says: It was gratifying to find a recent accession to the number of stu- dents, enlarged means of imparting instruction, an additional professor at work, and abundant evidence of ability and determination on the part of all connected with the Institution to succeed. . . The forenoon was chiefly devoted to the usual recitations of the classes and to remarks by those present, all of whom expressed the highest degree of satisfaction at the thoroughness of the instruction, the progress of the students, and the happy results of the union of labor with study. Professor Hamlm, of Colby University, one of the newly appointed members at large, said that, in all his experience as a teacher in diifer- ent institutions, he had never heard better recitations or witnessed greater evidence of thorough, careful work on the part of both pupils and instructors. He alluded to the sympathy and co-operation which should exist between pupils and teachers as necessary to the best re- sults, and believed it existed in the present Institution. Professor Fernald, in reply to an inquiry whether the bodily labor interfered with intellectual progress, replied tliat so far as he could judge from the working of the system for something more than a year, it did not, but, on the contrary, they were better fitted for study by reason of having engaged in physical labor, and he regarded it as really a benefit. He also stated that those pupils who exhibited the most aptitude at work were also those most ready at their several studies. Mr. Johnson, the Farm Superintendent, said that the pupils were always ready and willing to work, and to put their hands to whatever they were told to do. Professor Peckham stated that he came to this Institution with some prejudice against the system of manual labor, but he was every day gaining confidence in its expeJiency and usefulness. A year or two afterwards, when the College had had further opportunity to demonstrate its usefulness, or the contrary, while the school was under discussion in the State Board of Agriculture, Governor Perham took oc- casion to speak as follows : Having been one of the official visitors of the State College, it may be proper for me to say a word in regard to the appearance of the stu- dents and the progress which they have made; and I may be excused for some enthusiasm in the matter. ... I have had the privilege of visiting that Institution three times — once last winter, last spring, and again in the fall; and I can say here, without making an extended speech, that I think President Allen and Professor Fernald (who has been in the Institution longer than President Allen) need have no fear in putting the students of that College beside students in any other institution in the State or anywhere else, who have been en- gaged in their studies the same length of time. I am confident that the three hours' labor every day is of very great value. It seems to relieve them of any inclination to cut up capers, as many college boys are wont to do. President Allen will not find the trouble in his discipline that is found in other colleges. Those boys are employed; they are given something useful to do; they feel that they are learning something useful all the time, something they are go- ing to practice, and he will not be obliged to discipline them for bad conduct. I have had an opportunity during the past year of witnessing the ex- ercises in a great many institutions of learning, some of them of high standing, and the students have all acquitted themselves well; but I hesitate not to say that the boys in the college at Orono, considering the time they have been there, taking into consideration their physical and mental powers and everything that goes to make up the elements of success in life, are equal, if not superior, to any class I have ever seen. I believe that every man who has heard the recitations of those boys, and witnessed their mental and physical improvement, will be ready to attest to the correctness of this statement. The next year the autumn session of the Board was held at the villages of Foxcroft and Dover, in Piscataquis county, with a large delegation present from the Agricul- tural College, and in September, 1871, the regular meet- ing of the fall was held at Lincoln village, in this county. The acfulty of the College attended, and a larger num- ber of students than at either of the previous sessions. The class which had just entered the school was larger than any class before matriculated. It was already be- coming a problem how any further increase of students was to be accommodated. 176 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. CHAPTER XII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.* Roman Catholic Missionaries and Churches— Other Early Religion in the Penobscot Valley— Congregationalism— Methodism— The Bap- tists—The Free Baptists— Universalism— The Unitarians, Sweden- borgians, "Christians," and Free Adventists— The Penobscot Bible Society— The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society. ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES came with the French in- their early visits to the Penob- scot, and mingled with the Indians, and they became Catholics. Jesuit missionaries were with them in 1611, and for several years after. In 1614 four missionaries from France disembarked with twenty-five others, design- ing to found a mission at Kadesquit (Kenduskeag), now Bangor; but they decided to reUnquish the Penobscot, and went to Mount Desert. About the year 1700, in the reign of Louis XIV., a French architect erected for the Indians a place of worship, in Indian Oldtown. The church was burned about the year 1757. The governor of the tribe has now in his possession a medal, with the likeness of Louis XIV. In 1797 the tribe was visited by Right Reverend Bishop Cheverus, of Boston, and two years after the Rev. James R. Romaigne, a French friar, had pastoral charge, in connection with the Passamaquoddy tribe, in Wash- ington county. He returned to France in 181 9. Rev. Stephen Crilleaux, born and educated in Paris, was his successor, and was with them for several years. The Irish and American Catholics began to gather in considerable numbers at Bangor, in 1833, and now there are two churches in that city, one each in Orono, Oldtown, and Winn, and that on Indian Oldtown island. There are now five priests, and about 8,000 connected with the churches. The convent of the Sisters of Mercy was founded in Bangor in 1865. OTHER EARLY RELIGION. Public worship and religious addresses were sustained by the colonists, and chaplains were stationed generally at the forts. A reason given, in 1768, for having one at a fort on the river (Fort Pownall), was that he was needed to preach to the settlers, in the audience of the Indians, and to ensure peace with them; and also "be- cause there was no minister of the Gospel within a circle of 100 miles diameter, now generally peopled, though but thinly." From 1774 to 1779, John Herbert, the first physician in Bangor, was an exhorter at religious meet- ings, and in the winter taught schools. The first minis- ter that preached statedly was the Rev. Mr. Knowles from Cape Cod, who, about 1780-83, was with the peo- ple scattered along the banks of the river from Frankfort to Bangor. CONGREGATIONALISM. The Rev. Seth Noble, a Congregational minister, a native of Westfield, Massachusetts, who had done patriot service in Nova Scotia, and was compelled to flee from thence because of his sympathy with New England in the Revolutionary struggle, and was afterwards at Machias, came to Bangor in 1786, and was engaged by * By Elnathan F. Duren, Esq., of Bangor. the people as a settled religious teacher and preacher, at ;^ioo per year. He was installed September 10, 1786, under some ancient oaks, near the corner of Clate and Washington streets, Bangor. Rev. Daniel Little, of Wells, who had performed missionary work in Bangor and vicinity at different times, was deputed by the church in Wells, "without the great trouble and expense of con- vening a council," to induct him into oflSce. He gave him the charge and the right hand of fellowship. Mr. Noble preached the -sermon. He remained five years, and died in Ohio in 1807. The first Congregational church organized was at Bangor, September 9, 1800. The Rev. James Boyd was pastor, and died two years after. The first deacons were William Boyd and Isaac Robinson. In 1825, when the Penobscot Congregational Con- ference was organized at Brownville, then in Penobscot county, there were three ministers, eight churches, and 400 members. In 1879 there were fourteen ministers, fifteen churches, and 1,786 members. The Maine Missionary Society, organized in 1807, employed missionaries, who labored in various parts of the county. Fathers Jotham Sewall and John Sawyer were among the pioneers. The former was at Bangor and Orrington in 1811, and in other parts of the county in 1828, 1834, and 1840-45; the latter in Garland and vicinity in 181 1-19, and in that neighborhood chiefly 1824-30. The Theological Seminary in Bangor has provided many missionaries and ministers to the county, who have labored in churches of different denominations. METHODISM. In 1793, Rev. Jesse Lee, from Virginia, the Methodist apostle of England, came to Maine, and on September 9th, of that year, spent a month in missionary work along the Penobscot river, and went to Lynn, Massachusetts. In January, 1794, he came again as far as Orono, hold- ing meetings along the route, and returned by way of the Kennebec to Portland. In 1795 Rev. Joshua Hall, of the New London Conference, Connecticut, organized societies in the county. In 1799 Rev. Timothy Merrill was on the Hampden Circuit, and preached in Bangor. In 1878 the number of local preachers was twenty; itin- erant ministers, thirteen; members, 1,700; probationers, SOO- THE BAPTISTS. The first Baptist church in the county was organized at Etna, in 1807, with thirteen members, by Rev. John Chadbourne, of Shapleigh, Maine, who was the first mis- sionary of the denomination in the county, and labored in the new settlements of Etna and Carmel. Paul Rug- gles was elected deacon, afterwards ordained as a minis- ter, and labored in the county. The Rev. Jason Liver- more, then preaching in Mount Ephraim (now Swanville and Prospect), came as an associate with Mr. Chad- bourne, and they extended their labors into Hermon and Hampden. A church in Hampden was organized in 1809, with thirty-six members; Daniel Vose, deacon. The Baptist Missionary Convention have sustained mis- sionaries in some fields, from 1804. The number of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 177 members in the churches at their organization was 250. In 182 1 there were six local preachers and six travelling preachers. In 1878 there were twenty-four churches, thirteen ministers, and 1,766 members. THE FREE BAPTISTS. The first efforts of the Free Baptist denomination were made in Dixmont about 1809. A church was or- ganized at Garland in 1824; Dixmont and Newburg in 1825; Bradford, 1827; Corinna, 1828; Bangor, 1835. There are now (1878) twenty-five churches, twenty min- isters, and 1,070 members. EPISCOPACY. The first Episcopal church in the county was or- ganized at Bangor in 1834. A church in Winn was formed in 1869; in Dexter and Exeter, 1872; in Old- town and Milford in 1873. UNIVERSALISM. The Universalist denomination have a church at Hampden, organized in 1825, and one in Bangor, dating from 1838. They have societies also in Dexter, Edding- ton, Hermon, Kenduskeag, Orono, and Oldtown. OTHER CHURCHES. The Unitarian church at Bangor was formed March 25, 1818. The new church, Swedenborgian, was organized in 1840. The Christian denomination formed their first churches in Exeter and Newport, in 1815. In the county are sixteen churches, thirteen ministers, and 700 members. The Second Advent denomination had its beginning in this county about 1842-43. Ministers, twelve; mem- bers, 300. The Penobscot Bible Society was organized in 1828. The work of distribution of the Bible was continued in the county by the Bangor Young Men's Bible Society, organized in December, 1843. CHAPTER XIII. THE BANGOR THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.'* The Beginnings — The Maine Charity School — Established at Hamp- den — Fuller Organization — Removal to Bangor — The Early Professors — The Seminary Buildings — First Anniversary — Embarrassments — Changes of Plan — Dr. Pond and other New Professors — Financial Affairs— An Additional Professor — More Changes — Dr. Talcott Comes — The Seminary Saved — The Seminary Chapel — Another Professor Added — Hopes and Trials — Acknowledgments to Bene- factors — The Work of the Seminary — Donors to Furnished Rooms — Professors from the First — The Trustees — Distinguished Graduates. BEGINNINGS. The year 1820 was, on several accounts, a remarkable year. This was the two-hundredth anniversary of the *By the Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., of the Seminary, from his His- torical Address at the Semi-centennial Anniversary in 1870, by permis- sion. The lucid paragraphs of the venerable Doctor stop with that headed "Acknowledgments to Benefactors." He has also no respon- sibility for the sub-headings of the chapter. landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. It was the year when Maine from being a Territory became a State. It was the year when the great Sandwich Islands Mission was sent forth, which has resulted in transforming a heathen and savage people into a civilized and Christian nation. This was the year when Colby University in this State was instituted, and when the first anniversary of the Bangor Theological Seminary was celebrated. The founders of this seminary were led to undertake its establishment from a deep conviction of its necessity. This is evident from the following passage in one of their earliest publications: "In an almost continuous range of settlements, extending from the Connecticut to the St. Croix River, there are at least 200,000 souls either en- tirely or in a great measure destitute of well-instructed re- ligious teachers. This numerous and rapidly increasing population must waste away for successive generations in all the darkness of religious ignorance and the guilt of sin, unless immediate, extraordinary, and vigorous exer- tions shall be made to enlighten and save them." This scene of wide-spread moral desolation could not be viewed with indifference by such as understood the value of religious institutions. The affecting necessities of so many of their fellow-creatures became the theme of frequent conversation and prayer to benevolent indi- viduals in the then District of Maine, and led at length to the adoption of measures calculated to afford relief. THE MAINE CHARITY SCHOOL. As early as 18 10 an association was formed in Port- land called "The Society for Promoting Theological Ed- ucation." It was designed to afford aid to indigent young men in obtaining an education for the gospel min- istry, with a view principally to the supply of the newly- settled parts of Maine. This was one of the earliest education societies in the United States. It was incor- porated in 181 2, soon after which vigorous measures were taken to carry into effect the principal object of the society. After much thought and a somewhat extended corres- pondence, not only in this country but in England, it was concluded that this object could not be obtained without the establishment of a literary and theological institution. Accordingly a committee was appointed by the directors of the society, with instructions to establish as speedily as possible the proposed seminary. Through the efforts of this committee a charter was obtained from the Legislature of Massachusetts in February, 1814, des- ignating certain individuals as "Trustees of the Maine Charity School," — for this was then, and is now, the legal title of the Institution, — and clothing them with the most ample powers. It may be questioned whether an instrument of more liberal import or of greater value was ever given to a public institution. By the provisions of the charter the number of trus- tees is limited to fifteen, who are to have perpetual suc- cession, with power to fill vacancies in their board. They may hold property to an amount sufficient to pro- duce a clear annual income of $15,000. They may es- tabUsh a seminary for literary and religious purposes, on 178 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. any principle, and to any extent which seems to them necessary in order to carry into effect the design of the founders, and are vested with all the powers and privi- leges possessed by trustees of the most favored literary and benevolent institutions in New England. On the ground of this charter the trustees are com- petent, whenever they shall have the means, to establish not only a Theological Seminary, but an English or Classical School, a Teachers' Seminary, or even a Col- lege, — anything of the kind which can be conducted with an income of $15,000 a year. The first meeting of the trustees was held in Mont- ville, Waldo county, at the house of Major Samuel Moor, in May, 1814,— when Rev. Edward Payson was elected President of the Board, Rev. Eliphalet Gillet, Vice-President, Rev. Kiah Bailey, Secretary, and Samuel E. Dutton, esq., of Bangor, Treasurer. OPENED AT HAMPDEN. The founders of the proposed seminary might have located it in the western and more thickly settled part of Maine, but they determined, in military phrase, to march to the front, and plant it in the midst of those spiritual wastes which it was intended to build up. Ac- cordingly, a temporary arrangement was effected between them and the trustees of Hampden Academy j and the Seminary was opened at Hampden in October, 181 6. During the first year it was under the immediate instruc- tion and government of Mr. Jehudi Ashmun, the late devoted and deeply-lamented Colonial Agent at Liberia. FULLER ORGANIZATION. The Seminary was originally founded on the plan of the English dissenting institutions. It was intended chiefly for those who, in consideration of their age or other circumstances, wished to enter the ministry without a collegiate education. The prescribed course of study was literary and classical, as well as theological, and was expected to occupy four years. The studies of the first two years were to be chiefly classical; those of the last two years were professional, including systematic and pastoral theology, ecclesiastical history, homiletics, etc. In June, 18 17, the Seminary was regularly organized according to this plan, and the several departments of instruction were filled. The Rev. Abijah Wines, of New- port, New Hampshire, was appointed Professor of The- ology, Mr. Jehudi Ashmun Professor of Classical Litera- ture, and Mr. Cheever Preceptor of the Preparatory School. It does not appear that the Seminary owned any build- ings or lands in Hampden. The students boarded and studied in private families, and recited in some part of the academy building. But in 1819 a lot of land con- taining about seven acres, favorably situated in Bangor, was given to the Seminary by the late Isaac Davenport, esq., of Milton, Massachusetts. This land — now so green and beautiful, covered with Seminary buildings and gardens, walks, and trees — was then pretty much in a state of nature, and was not, probably, of great value. It has since become of inestimable importance to the Seminary. REMOVAL TO BANGOR. In the autumn of 1819 — the year in which this plat of ground was secured — the seminary was .removed from Hampden to Bangor. There were several bids for the Seminary among the towns, particularly Hampden, Castine, Brewer, and Bucksport, but Bangor bid the highest, and this circumstance, together with the dona- tion of land, induced the trustees to plant it here. Bangor, though so favorably situated at the head of navigation on the Penobscot River, was then compara- tively a small place, containing only about 1,200 inhabit- ants. There was no meeting-house in the town, and never had been. The people were blessed with an ex- cellent minister. — the Rev. Harvey Loomis, — who preached first in a hall over a store at City Point, and then in what was afterwards called the old court-house. THE EARLY PROFESSORS. The same year in which the Seminary was removed to Bangor, Professors Wines and Ashmun resigned their places, and were no longer connected with the institu- tion. After leaving the Seminary, Professor Wines labored some twelve years in connection with the Con- gregational church and society on Deer Island. In the last years of his life his reason became impaired, and he died in the asylum at Somerville, Massachusetts, in 1833. Professor Wines was chiefly distinguished as a theologian of the Hopkinsian stamp. He was a plain, direct, and pungent, though not eloquent preacher. He had a high sense of the sacredness of the ministerial office and of the importance of decision and fidelity in the execution of it. Though a man of plain and simple habits, he had a large heart. He detested everything mean, sordid, or covetous. He cast his bread upon the waters, hoping — whether it returned to him or not — that it might be a means of salvation to perishing men. The career of Mr. Ashmun, after leaving the Seminary, is so well known, and his character has been so fully ex- hibited by his eloquent biographer. Dr. Gurley, that little need be added here. Suffice to say that, after vari- ous enterprises and vicissitudes, he embarked for Africa in June, 1822. On his arrival at Liberia, he became principal agent for the colony; in which office he con- tinued to labor — through evil report and good report, but with an unshaken confidence in the goodness of the cause — for about six years. Worn out, at length, with toils and anxieties, and with repeated attacks of disease, Mr. Ashmun returned to this country in the summer of 1828. But he came home to die. He sur- vived only a few weeks, and his remains lie interred at New Haven, Connecticut. A simple but beautiful monu- ment has been erected over them by the managers of the American Colonization Society, bearing the simple name of "Ashmun." This monument will perish; bnt the name of Ashmun never. It is indelibly engraven on the heart of Africa. By the resignation of Professors Wines and Ashmun, the Seminary was bereft of both its instructors. But the vacancies were soon supplied. In March, 1820, the Rev. John Smith was inaugurated Professor of The- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 179 ology, and Rev. Bancroft Fowler as Professor of Classical Literature; and the Seminary went into operation in its new location, Bangor. THE SEMINARY BUILDINGS. The institution had received, as I have stated, a desir- able plat of ground, but it had no buildings as yet, either for teachers or pupils. The professors lived each in his own hired house, and the students studied and boarded as they had done at Hampden, in private families. For a time they met for recitations and worship in the old court-house, and then a room was hired for them in a brick house on Main street belonging to Mr. Alexander Savage. It stood on the spot now occupied by Dr. J. C. White's elegant new block of stores. On the 2d of August, 1820, was the first anniversary of the Seminary in Bangor, when six young men received diplomas and went forth into the world as ministers of Christ. Only two of them are now living. The vener- able Elijah Jones, more than forty years pastor of the church in Minot and for many years a trustee of the Seminary, was one of them. The first building erected for the Seminary in Bangor was called a chapel. It was occupied by the preparatory school, and also for recitations and worship by the theo- logical students. It was built in 1823, and stood on the south side of Hammond street, in what is now Vice- President Hamlin's garden. It was a great convenience to the infant Seminary; but after several years it took fire and was consumed. The next building erected was called the "Commons House," and was finished in 1827. It was intended as a boarding house for students, and also to furnish them with studies and dormitories. It continued to be so oc- cupied for about ten years, — until the large brick edifice was erected,^ — when the "Commons House" was re-mod- elled and made into two professors' houses. It has been occupied by two of the professors and their families to the present time. CHANGES OF PROFESSORS. In 1825 Professor Fowler resigned his office and re- turned to the labors of the ministry. He was a ripe scholar, had been a tutor in two colleges, and a pastor at Windsor, Vermont, before coming to the Seminary. After leaving the Seminary he was settled and dismissed three times. He was a good writer of sermons, but his manner in the pulpit was not agreeable, and therefore, as a preacher, he was not popular. He did not pass with the public for what he was worth. He died at Stock- bridge, Massachusetts, April 5, 1856, having sustained an excellent Christian character to the last. Professor Fowler was succeeded by the Rev. George E. Adams. He had been a teacher in the Seminary for a year or more, and was elected to the professorship of sacred literature in 1827. He continued in office about two years. In December, 1829, much to the re- gret of the trustees and of all the friends of the institu- tion, Professor Adams resigned his place, and entered on the duties of the pastoral office at Brunswick, where —I had almost said — he still remains ; where, could the wishes of his friends prevail, he would remain to the end of his days.* The late Dr. Smith continued in office as professor of theology till his death, which occurred in the spring of 1831. He was a sound and able divine, a clear-headed, warm-hearted, devout, and good man. He was a native of Belchertown, Massachusetts, a graduate of Dartmouth college, and a student in theology of the late Dr. Em- mons, of Franklin. He was greatly respected wherever known; and the trustees of the Seminary have left upon their records a merited testimonial of his worth. His end was remarkably peaceful. His only anxiety on leav- ing the world was for his beloved. Seminary, and the last intelligible words that he was heard to utter were those of prayer on its behalf. "God bless the Seminary. Thou wilt bless it and keep it; I give it up to Thee. I can do no more for it. Thou canst do all things." These anxieties of the dying professor were not alto- gether without reason. He knew the situation in which he was about to leave the Seminary. Without an in- structor, he presumed, of course, that the students would soon be scattered; and when they should again be col- lected and the course of instructions be resumed, no one could tell. He felt, however, that to leave it in the hands of God was infinitely safe. He could trust it there, and he would trust it nowhere else. EMBARRASSMENTS. The Seminary had now been in operation more than a dozen years, and the principal changes through which it had passed have been briefly sketched. Its greatest em- barrassments all the way had been of a pecuniary char- acter. It is painful to read the records of the trustees, and see to what straits they were often reduced. The struggle, at times, was one of life or of death. In De- cember, 1830, the trustees voted "that unless means for the future support of the Seminary shall be obtained be- fore the I St of September next, it will then be expedient to suspend instruction in the theological department, until such means shall have been secured." Nevertheless, the Seminary was not suspended. The course of instruction was continued till the decease of Dr. Smith; and, up to that time, more than sixty young men had received diplo- mas, besides a considerable number who had left the in- stitution before their term of study was closed. The greater part of these have finished their course. But some are still with us, are with us here to-day, occupying important stations in the church, an honor to their pro- fession and to the Seminary, and blessings to the world. Seri in ccelufn redeant. CHANGES OF PLAN. I have said already that this Seminary was instituted on the plan of the dissenting colleges in England, having a four years' course of study, — the first two chiefly classical, and the last two theological. Up to the year 1827 the Seminary had been conducted on this plan, but in that year it underwent an important change. The classical department was separated from the theological; the terms of admission to the Seminary were raised; and the course * Dr. Adams is about to remove to Orange, New Jersey. i8o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of study and the period of it were made similar to those of the older seminaries in the United States. Indigent students, who before had been supported from Seminary funds, were now received as beneficiaries of the Ameri- can Education Society. Many excellent individuals, who before had stood aloof from it and doubted as to the wisdom of its operations, from this time became its de- cided friends. In this year, also, another change took place. The trustees of the Seminary invited the General Confer- ence of our churches to send a committee year by year to visit the institution, to look into its affairs, to attend its anniversary exercises, and to make report as to its condition and prospects. The invitation was accepted, and from that time to the present a board of visitors has been regularly appointed. This arrangement we have regarded as one of great importance. It connects the Seminary with the churches, and brings it under their direct supervision. Should anything wrong be done at the Seminary, or any error or irregularity be tolerated, the case would be at once reported to the churches, where it might be corrected. The death of Dr. Smith, in the spring of 1831, left the Seminary without an instructor, and for several months (aside from the classical school) there was no public in- struction here. But in the autumn of this same year (1831) the Rev. Alvan Bond, of Sturbridge, Massachu- setts, was elected Professor of Sacred Literature ; and be- fore winter he was on the ground with his family, and commenced giving instruction in that department. NEW PROFESSORS. In the following spring the Rev. Enoch Pond, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was elected Professor of The- ology, and entered upon his duties in June, 1832. The prospects of these new professors, at the time, were not flattering. The Seminary was without funds, though not without debts ; the library consisted of but a few hun- dred volumes; and the students were chiefly scattered. But the institution had a good charter, it was favorably located, and the necessity for it was deeply felt. And some things took place almost immediately to give en- couragement. The late Mrs. Phebe Lord, of Kenne- bunkport, — a name never to be spoken but with honor, — gave a thousand dollars to increase the library ; and, at its annual meeting in June, 1832, our General Confer- ence voted to raise $30,000, in four annual instalments, to increase the Seminar)' funds. This money was chiefly paid, and with it our large and commodious brick edifice was erected for the convenience of students, and the current expenses of the institution were borne. A principal anxiety of the new professors at this time was on the question of students. Under the previous administration no college graduates had been connected with the Seminary, and it was feared that they would turn from it in future. But this anxiety was soon relieved. In 1833 several college students entered; and, in the autumn of 1834, out of a class of nineteen, seven were graduates of Bowdoin College. Among the graduates who first entered were Henry Storer, Franklin Yeaton, Cyrus Hamlin, Benjamin Tappan, jr., Ebenezer G. Par- sons, Samuel C. Fessenden, Albert Cole, and Charles C. Taylor. I mention the names of these brethren that I may express to them publicly, or to such of them as are still living, the obligation which the Seminary is under to them for the stand which they took on this occasion. They did it certainly under some sacrifice of feeling. They did it from a sense of duty and for the public good, and they actually did more to advance the interests of the Seminary, at that time, than though they had given us thousands of dollars. They set an example which had influence; they turned the incoming tide in our favor; and, from that time to this, the question of students has given us but little trouble. The only circumstance which, at this period, seemed to cast a cloud over the prospects of the Seminary was the failure of Professor Bond's health; which, much to his own sorrow and that of the trustees, constrained him to resign his office. This event took place in the spring of 1835. He was afterwards settled in the ministry at Norwich, Connecticut, and has proved himself to be a most faithful and devoted pastor. He still lives to labor for Christ, though not in the active duties of the ministry. The vacancy occasioned by Professor Bond's resigna- tion was soon and happily filled. In June, 1835, Rev. Leonard Woods, jr., of New York, was elected Professor of Sacred Literature, and entered on the duties of his of- fice in the autumn. FINANCIAL. This year also was signalized by the largest subscrip- tion to the funds of the Seminary that had ever been made. In conformity with a resolution gf the General Conference of our churches, passed in June, 1835, an ef- fort was made to raise one hundred thousand dollars, to be paid in four annual instalments, for the purpose of completing the endowment of the Seminary. This prop- osition was met with unexampled liberality. One gentle- man in Bangor subscribed between sixteen and seven- teen thousand dollars ; another, seven thousand ; another, four thousand; several, two thousand; and many men in Bangor, Portland, and other places subscribed a thousand dollars each. Within six months after the resolution was passed, the whole sum, and more than all, was sub- scribed. The friends of the Seminary supposed at that time, that its endowment was complete, and that its pecuniary embarrassments were at an end. But subsequent events soon showed the instability of human affairs, and how little dependence can be placed upon the brightest earthly prospects. This great subscription was raised in a time of speculation and of high fancied and seeming prosper- ity. In the pecuniary reverses which followed, and the consequent depreciation of almost all kinds of property, many ■ individuals who had subscribed liberally and in good faith, found themselves unable to meet their en- gagements, or even to pay their honest debts. The sub- scription, therefore, was greatly impaired, and the Semi- nary was thrown back into necessities and straits. Of the suDscription of 1835, not much more than a third was ever realized. And what was paid came not HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. promptly at the time specified, so that it could be calcu- lated on and invested. It was paid irregularly, as individ- uals were able, and as property could be sold and con. verted into money. Still, the subscription was a great blessing to the Seminary. It enabled the trustees to erect and furnish buildings, to make additions to the library, and to meet the current expenses of the institution during the years of pecuniary revulsion and distress which fol- lowed the expansion of 1835. Without it, it is hard to see how the Seminary could have been kept in operation during those distressing times. AN ADDITIONAL PROFESSOR. Until the year 1836 there had been but two professors in the Seminary, — one of theology and one of sacred literature. In July of this year the Rev. George Shep- ard, of Hallowell, was elected Professor of Sacred Rhet- oric. The supposed endowment on which he was ap- pointed failed; but the Professor did not fail. He entered upon his duties the succeeding autumn, and was an inestimable blessing to the Seminary. In the same year (1836) a large and commodious boarding-house was erected, containing not only accommodations for board, but rooms for the convenience of students in case of sickness. MORE CHANGES. At this time a change was made in the manner of boarding students, — one which has since been copied by several other institutions. Instead of hiring a steward to take charge of the new house and board the students at a price, the whole was put into the hands of the stu- dents to manage it for themselves. They hire a matron to do their work, make their own purchases, regulate their bill of fare, and assess the expense. This plan has worked admirably from year to year. The boarders have none to complain of now but themselves. Up to this time, almost from the first, there had been a Classical School in connection with the Seminary, where students were prepared for theological studies without a collegiate education. As it had been sustained at considerable expense to the Seminary, and as the necessity for it had comparatively ceased, it was no longer continued. DR. TALCOTT COMES. In August, 1839, Professor Woods was induced to resign, his office, and accept the presidency of Bowdoin College. On the same day on which his resignation was accepted the Rev. Daniel Smith Talcott, of Newbury- port, was chosen his successor. Professor Talcott soon entered upon the discharge of his duties, and was inau- gurated at the anniversary of 1840. I hardly need say that he has continued in office — greatly to the comfort of his colleagues and the credit of the institution — to the present time.* THE SEMINARY SAVED. I have said that the endowment of the professorship of sacred rhetoric, made in 1835-36, failed. The subscriptions were not paid, and could not be. Owing *Professor Talcott resigned his chair in 1880, but continues to reside 'n Bangor. to this cause, in part, but more to the personal celebrity of Professor Shepard, he was repeatedly assailed with invitations to remove to more imposing and lucrative positions. The most formidable of these assaults was made in the spring of 1847, when he was urged by the offer of a very large salary to become pastor of the Pil- grim Church and Society, in Brooklyn, New York. Professor Shepard had pledged himself to go, unless his professorship could be speedily and solidly endowed ; and a large committee had come from Brooklyn to see that the separation was effected. Under these circum- stances, it was necessary that the friends of the Semi- nary should bestir themselves, and so they did; and in the course of one week a sufficient amount was raised, chiefly by the liberality of friends in Bangor, to en- dow the professorship. I have ever regarded those sub- scribers, and especially the Hon. George W. Pickering, who, almost without solicitation, pledged and secured $5, 000, as entitled to the credit of saving the Seminary. For if Professor Shepard had resigned at that time, the other professors would have done the same, and the Seminary, to all human appearance, had been irrecover- ably ruined; but the subscription was raised, and the institution was saved. And only two years afterwards, in 1849, another subscription of $34,000 was raised, for the purpose of endowing the other two professorships. In the same year, too, legacies to the amount of $12,000 were received from the late Waldo family of Worcester. The sum of $8,000 — making $20,000 in all — had been previously received from that excellent family. One of our professorships now bears, and some one of them we hope may ever bear, the honored name of Waldo. THE SEMINARY CHAPEL. In the summer of 1859 the Seminary Chapel was ded- icated. This had long been needed, and has proved an inestimable blessing to the Seminary. It was erected, at an expense of more than $12,000, through the efforts of a society of ladies in Bangor. In reporting to the Gen- eral Conference this great achievement of the ladies, the visiting committee for 1859 say: "God bless the ladies of Bangor who started this enterprise, and the ladies throughout the State, and elsewhere, who have been helping to move it on ! They are entitled to all the credit of this noble undertaking. 'The Corban Society' shall be held in remembrance wherever Bangor Seminary is known. Many daughters have done virtuously, but these have excelled them all." ANOTHER PROFESSOR ADDED. In the autumn of 1854 Professor Pond, having dis- charged the duties of two professorships, viz., those of systematic theology and of ecclesiastical history, for more than twenty years, requested that he might be released from one of them, and as he earnestly desired, while he lived, to see the professorship of theology satis- factorily provided for, he proposed himself to relinquish that, and to confine his instructions in future to the de- partment of history. His proposition was acceded to, and in the spring of 1855 the Rev. Samuel Harris, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was elected to the chair of l82 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. theology. This appointment was accepted, and at the following anniversary Professor Harris was inaugurated. At the same time Professor Pond was formally trans- ferred to the department of history, and constituted president of the faculty. The departments of instruction were now satisfactorily filled, and things seemed likely to move on without em- barrassment. But one serious mistake had been made, and this resulted ere long in difficulty. Professor Harris had been appointed to the chair of theology, while as yet the professorship was not endowed, though it was expected that it soon would be. But this expectation was not realized, and the Seminary was running contin- ually in debt. This course of things went on until the years of 1862 and 1863, when the amount of indebted- ness became alarming, and it was evident that something effectual must be done. And something zc/iZ5 done. A subscription was opened which, in connection with lega- cies and certain large donations, entirely cleared the Seminary of debt and completed the endowment of the several professorships, as the salaries then were. A legacy of $10,000 was received from the estate of the late Dr. Jacob Hayes, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was appropriated to the professorship of sacred literature. A legacy of $3,000 was received from the estate of the late Mr. Hiram Fogg, accompanied with a donation of $io,ooo from his brother, William Fogg, esq., of New York, both of which sums were appro- priated to the professorship of sacred rhetoric. The sum of $16,000 was received from Richard P. Buck, esq., of Brooklyn, New York, which was appropriated to the professorship of theology. In consequence of these bequests and donations, it was decided that these pro- fessorships should, in all future time, bear the names of those who had so liberally contributed for their endow- ment. In the meantime $15,000 had been received from the late Ichabod Washburn, esq,, of Worcester, to increase the fund for the assistance of indigent young men. HOPES AND TRIALS. The Seminary was now placed in a more favorable position than ever before. Its debts were paid; its pro- fessorships were filled and endowed; the number of students was increased; and its prospects in general were encouraging. But subsequent events showed that trials were still be- fore us. In the summer of 1866 Professor Harris was appointed President of Bowdoin College, and concluded, after a protracted struggle, to accept the appointment. He continued his instructions here till the spring of 1867 and then left for Brunswick. It was a sore trial to his colleagues and to the trustees to part with him; but his convictions of duty were clear, and naught remained to us but to give him our blessing and let him go. Scarcely had we passed this trial when another and greater aflBiction befell us. In the spring of 1868 the honored and beloved Professor Shepard, who had for months exhibited marks of decrepitude, was suddenly removed by death. Although it had been evident to us for some time that his work was done, the shock was a severe one and many tears were shed. I have not time here to dwell upon the character of Dr. Shepard, nor is this necessary. His works remain; and he has left a memorial in the hearts of all who knew him which can never be effaced. I have only to say further, that the vacancies occa- sioned by the removal of Dr. Harris and the decease of Dr. Shepard have been satisfactorily filled. In our dis- tress we sought direction from God, and our prayer was heard. We accept the successors of the eminent men who were removed from us as a treasure from the hand of God, which we greatly appreciate, and which we hope may long remain. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO BENEFACTORS. I cannot close this long, and, I fear, tedious detail, without recording our obligations to certain individuals, no longer with us, who loved the Seminary from the first, and who never ceased to pray and labor for it so long as they lived. Among these were Fathers Sewall, Sawyer, and Fisher, whose portraits adorn our chapel, and whose memory is dear to all our hearts. Then there was the Rev. Kiah Bailey, whose wife's charity-box received the first money that ever was given to Bangor Seminary, Then there was the late Rev. David Thurston and Dr. Tappan, who were always with us on occasions like the present, to counsel, to sympathize, and to bless. Among the departed laymen in this city there are some whose names must not be omitted. There was the late Judge Dutton, who was chiefly instrumental in procuring for us the grounds on which our Seminary building stands; also the late Mr. John Barker, who was a laborer for the Seminary more than fifty years ago, who was a liberal donor, and who started the great subscription of 1835, But especially would I mention the. late Deacon Eliashib Adams, who was a trustee of the Seminary for almost forty years, who was its treasurer for a considerable part of this time, who never wearied in planning and labor- ing for its interests, and whose death was probably hast- ened by too great an effort on its behalf. The names of these and other benefactors must never be forgotten so long as the Seminary m Bangor has a being. THE WORK OF THE SEMINARY. The following statements are extracted from the Cat- alogue of the Seminary for 188 1 : The course in exegesis includes the study of the Hebrew and Greelt texts, with recitations, lectures on the Principles of Biblical Criti- cism and Interpretation, on Hebrew Poetry, and other subjects con- nected with Bible literature, exegesis of select portions of the Old Testament, of the Gospels in harmony, and of one or more of the Epistles. During the Middle and Senior years the exegesis of the Epistles is continued, and some of the more difficult portions of the Old Testament Scriptures. The course in Systematic Theology consists mainly ini lectures and daily examinations. Essays and readings are assigned to enable the student to make his own acquaintance with the great minds of the past and to express his thoughts in his own way. The aim of this course is to lead the student through a thoughtful and independent investigation of Christian truth; to put him into the first lines of a theology which can be preached. The course in Church History is founded upon text-books (Free- man's General Sketch of History, Neander's History of the Chris- tian Religion and Church, Fisher's History of the Reformation), HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 183 with recitations and lectures. Special attention is paid to the history of the Constitution of the Church in its successive forms of de- velopment, and to the history of the doctrines of Christianity, as shaped by controversies and councils. Subjects of peculiar importance are reviewed and criticised by means of theses which are given to the class as topics for investigation and viriting. The Homiletical course combines practice with instruction, and, be- ginning in the junior year with study of the principles of reasoning, requires the construction of arguments and plans and the writing of essays. The drill in elocution continues through the middle year, and is designed to give thorough vocal practice, together with instruction in oratory and reading. The course in Homiletics proper, senior year, is given in lectures, and is accompanied by frequent exercises in extem- poraneous speaking and in the criticism and delivery of sermons. In the work in New Testament Greek, constant use is made of gram- mar and lexicon. The aim is to cultivate the habit of that critical study which is the foundation of a correct exegesis. The text-books required are a Greek Testament with the text adopted by the Bible Revision Committee, Hadley's Greek Grammar, Buttman's Grammar of New Testament Greek, and Robinson's Lexicon of the Greek Testa- ment. This Seminary is open to Christians of every denomination. Candi- dates for admission must be approved by the Examining Committee of the Faculty. They will be expected to produce testimony of their church-membership and of their education at some college or university. If they have not pursued a collegiate course, they will be examined, and must exhibit literary attainments which, as preparatory to theo- logical studies, are satisfactory to the Faculty. Those whose age or circumstances forbid the pursuit of the complete course of study, may, at the discretion of the Faculty, be admitted to the studies of the middle year, and continue their course with the full privileges of the Seminary. Each student is charged two dollars a year for incidental expenses. There is no other charge for tuition, room, Ubrary, or any privilege of the Seminary. ' The students generally board in the Boarding Association, for which a large and commodious boarding house is provided by the Trustees, furnished and free of rent. They hire a matron, regulate their bill of fare, make their purchases, and assess the amount upon themselves. The expense varies accordingly; but, including washing, it is materially less than the price of board alone at other boarding houses in the city. The dormitory has been thoroughly repaired and refitted. The rooms are carpeted, and furnished with beds, bedding, chairs, tables, and hook-shelves. Nearly half of them have been furnished by the gener- osity of friends. The following is a list of the donors : — State street Church, Portland Room No, i Winter street Church, Bath " " 2 Mrs. Samuel Pickard, Auburn " " 3 Central Church, Bath " " 4 Hammond Street Church, Bangor " " 5 First Parish, Bangor " " 6 Congregational Church, Bucksport " " 7 Congregational Church, South Freeport " " 9 High street Church, Auburn " " 13 Central Church, Bangor " " 18 Congregational Church, Gardiner " " 22 First Church, Lowell, Massachusetts '* " 24 Congregational Church, Belfast " *' 26 Congregational Church, Augusta " " 28 Congregational Church, Searsport. . ; " " 32 Students who become beneficiaries of the American Education So- ciety will receive such aid as its funds allow. The Washburn fund and some other funds were given expressly to aid members of the Seminary. The income of these funds will be dis- tributed to those students whose circumstances require it, and will probably amount to about half the expense of board. During the vacation, students licensed to preach are usually in de- mand, to be employed as missionaries of the Maine Missionary Society, or as stated "supplies; and other students who desire it, generally find remunerative employment as teachers or otherwise. During term time students often have opportunities to give instruction to private pupils in the city, and members of the Senior class have frequent opportunities to receive compensation for preaching. A recent generous donation from the Central Church, in Bangor, has established a Post-graduate Scholarship of $1,000 in Bowdoin Col- lege, the income of which is appropriated to the aid of any student who, after graduating at the Seminary, desires to take a post-graduate year at the college. The members of the Seminary usually take a license to preach at the close of the Middle year. And as it is beUeved to be conducive to the best professional training to combine practice with theory, they are en- couraged during the Senior year to preach as opportunity offers, pro- vided the prescribed exercises are not neglected. The Library contains fifteen thousand volumes. There is a perma- nent library fund of $10,000, the income of which is devoted to the purchase of books. Fresh additions are constantly made, with special reference to the needs of theological students. The library is also sup- phed with the leading reviews and journals, American and foreign. It is open daily, Sundays excepted. The reading-room is furnished with the best newspapers and with other periodicals, and is open at all times. The Rhetorical Society meets statedly for debates, addresses, and other exercises. The Society of Inquiry is in possession of a valuable cabinet. There is a general prayer meeting, held weekly; and there are also weekly class prayer meetings. The students attend worship at the churches in the city, where they are cordially welcomed. They are thus introduced into the Christian society of the city, and take part in the prayer meetings, the Sabbath schools, and missionary and benefi- cent work of the churches. This not only tends to promote spiritual growth, but breaks up the monotony and seclusion of scholastic life, and imparts social culture and practical experience, The Seminary is surrounded also by a wide missionary field whose destitutions crowd up almost to the limits of the city, and the students, during their course, can scarcely avoid being engaged more or less in missionary work. PROFESSORS. The professors of the Seminary, from the beginning, have been as follows : SACRED LITERATURE. ELECTED. RESIGNED OR DIED. 1817 *Jehudi Ashmun, A. M., 1819 1819 ■^Rev. Bancroft Fowler, A. M., 1825 1827 *Rev. George E. Adams, D. D., 1829 1831 Rev. Alvan Bond, D. D., 183s 183s *Rev. Leonard Woods, jr., D. D., 1839 1839 Rev. D. S. Talcott, D. D., SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY. 1881 1817 *Rev. Abijah Wines, A. M., 1819 1819 *Rev. John Smith, D. D., 1831 1832 Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., 1855 i8ss Rev. Samuel Harris,. D. D., 1867 1867 Rev. John R. Herrick, D. D., 1873 1873 Rev. William M. Barbour, D. D. , 1877 1877 Rev. Cyrus HamUn, D. D. , pro tem. SACRED RHETORIC. 1836 *Rev. George Shepard, D. D., 1868 1869 Rev. William M. Barbour, D. D., 187s 1875 Rev. John S. Sewall, D. D. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 18SS Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., 1870 1870 Rev. Enoch Pond, D. D., Professor Emeritus. 1870 Rev. Levi L. Paine, D. D. TRUSTEES. The following named gentlemen have been trustees of the institution : ELECTED. RESIGNED OR DIED. 1814 *Rev. John Sawyer, D. D., 1859 *Rev. Kiah Bailey, 1825 *Rev. Eliphalet Gillett, D. D., 1818 *-Rev. William Jenks, D. D,, 1819 *Rev. Mighill Blood, 1852 *Rev. Asa Lyman, 1816 *Rev. David Thurston, i86o *Rev. Harvey Loomis, 1825 *Hon. Ammi R. Mitchell, 1824 *Samuel E. Dutton, esq., 1826 *Rev. Jonathan Fisher, 1845 *Rev. Daniel Lovejoy, 1833 *Rev. Edward Payson, D. D. , 1819 *Deceased. 1 84 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 1846 1825 1856 1825 1832 1832 1849 1845 1863 1827 1850 1838 1834 1837 183s 1849 1838 i860 1876 1869 1850 18SS 1867 1816 *Rev. Thomas Williams, *Rev. David M. Mitchell, 1817 *Eliashib Adams, esq. , 1818 'Thomas Adams, esq. , 1819 *Rev. John \V. EUinwood, D. D., *Daniel Pike, esq., 1825 *Rev. SwanL. Pomroy, D. D., *Jacob McGaw, esq., *Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., *Thomas A. Hill, esq., 1826 *George W. Brown, esq. , 1827 *Rev. David M. Mitchell, 1829 *Rev. Bennett Tyler, D. D., 1832 *George Starrett, esq. , 1833 *John Bradley, esq., 1834 *John Barker, esq., 1835 *Rev. Joseph Vaill, *Rev. John Maltby, 1837 *GeorgeW. Pickering, esq., 1B39 *Rev. Elijah Jones, 1842 * William A. Crocker, esq., 1845 *John McDonald, esq., Adams H. Merrill, esq., 1850 Rev. Stephen Thurston, D. D. *Rev. George E. Adams, D. D., George A. Thatcher, esq. , Joseph S. Wheelwright, esq. 1852 *Samuel Pickard, esq., *Henry DarUng, esq. , 1856 ♦William H. Mills, esq., *Rev. George B. Little, Rev. Wooster Parker. 1859 *George Downes, esq., i860 Rev. J. W. Chickering, D. D., 1864 *Rev. Richard Woodhull, 1866 Rev. Alfred E. Ives. Rev. Lyman S. Rowland, 1867 Richard P. Buck , esq. Samuel D. Thurston, esq. 1868 Rev. Benjamin Tappan. 1869 *Simon Page, esq.. Rev. Stephen H. Hayes. 1872 Rev. S. P. Fay. 1874 Rev. John O. Fiske, D. D. Isaac M. Bragg, esq. 1876 Hon. Nelson Dingley, jr. 1877 John L. Crosby, esq. 1879 W'iUiam E. Gould, esq. DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES. Among the professors and graduates of the Seminary have been some of the most eminent divines in the American pulpit and missionaries from the American church to foreign lands. The professors in service here from time to time have already been named. Among the alumni are the following : In the class of 1824, Rev. Stephen Thurston, D. D., of Searsport. 1837. Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, D. D., Missionary to Turkey, and President of Robert College, Constantino- ple; Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., of Norridgewock. 1839. Rev. Thomas F. Curtis,* D. D., Professor of Theology, Lewisburg University, South Carolina; Revs. Daniel Dole,* and John D. Paris, missionaries to the Sandwich Islands. 1840. Rev. Uriah Balkam,* D. D., Professor of Theology, Bates College, Lewiston; Rev. Joseph Blake, D. D., Gilmanton,New Hampshire; Rev. Elias Bond, mis- sionary to the Sandwich Islands; Rev. William W. Rand editor for the American Tract Society, New York. * Deceased. 1873 1872 1874 1867 i860 1871 1866 1873 1867 1878 1 841. Rev. Robert Wyman,* missionary to Ceylon. 1842. Rev. John C. Fiske, D. D., of Bath. 1849. Rsv- George W. Dunmore,* missionary to Turkey, and Rev. Benjamin G. Snow,* missionary to Micronesia. 1850. Rev. Edwin B. Webb, D. D., of Boston, Massachusetts. 1852. Rev. Edwin A. Breck, city missionary in Fail River, Massachusetts ; Rev. Stephen R. Dennen, D. D., New Haven, Connecticut; Rev. Thomas H. Rich, pro- fessor in Bates College; Rev. Curby H. Wheeler, mis- sionary to Turkey. 1853. Rev. Horatio G. Butterfield, D. D., late Pres- ident of Olivet College, Michigan. 1854. Rev. Franklin B. Doe, Superintendent of the American Home Missionary Society; Rev. Jotham Bradbury Sewall, Head-master Thayer Academy, South Braintree, Massachusetts. 1855." General Joshua L. Chamberlain. LL. D., late Governor of Maine, now President of Bowdoin College. 1857. Rev. Milan P. Hitchcock, missionary to Tur- key. 1858. Rev. Jonathan E. Adams, Secretary of Maine Missionary Society; Rev. Edward Hawes, D. D., New Haven,- Connecticut; Rev. John S. Sewall, D. D., Pro- fessor in Bangor Theological Seminary; Rev. Edward P. Tenney, President of Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado. 1859. Rev. Edwin P. Parker, D. D., Hartford, Con- necticut. i860. Professor Samuel D. Bowker, Topeka, Kan- sas; Professor John W. Chickering, National Deaf-mute College, Washington, District of Columbia. 1862. Rev. Americus Fuller, missionary to Turkey. 1863. Rev. Joseph P. Green, missionary to the Sandwich Islands; Rev. Cyrus Stone, D. D., Bangor. 1868. Revs. Royal M. Cole and John E. Pierce, missionaries to Turkey. 1869. Professor Henry L. Chapman, Professor in . Bowdoin College. 1871. Rev. R. Henry Davis, missionary to Japan ; Rev. Joseph E. Walker, missionary to China. Many who were students at the Seminary, but did not remain to graduate, have also risen to distinction in various walks of professional life. Among them are the Rev. Ephraim W. Clark,* missionary to the Sand- wich Islands; Rev. Augustus Walker, missionary to Turkey; Rev. Orson P. Allen, missionary to Turkey; Rev. Henry Blodget, D. D., missionary to China; Rev. Charles W. Park, missionary to India; Rev. John Oliver Means, D. D., F. R. G. S., Recording Secretary of the Am- erican Board of Foreign Missions; the Hon. Owen Love- joy* formerly Member of Congress from the Princeton district, Illinois; John H. C. Cofifin, Professor of Mathe- matics in the Naval Observatory at Washington; Rev. Henry B. Smith,* D. D., Professor in Union Theologi- cal Seminary, New York city; Charles E. Lord, LL. D., Professor in the Talmage Institute, Brooklyn, New York; * Deceased. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. i«5 Theophilus C. Abbott, LL. D., President of the State Agricultural College, at Lansing, Michigan; Professor William J. Maltby, of Bowdoin College; and General Charles H. Howard, of Chicago. The whole number of graduates, to and including the year 1880, was 502; of students not graduated, 160; total, 662. To the former aggregate should be added the 10 graduates of 1881. Of the students and gradu- ates to 1880, 212 were known to be dead; 450 were supposed to be living. The Seminary has had a noble past; it will have a yet nobler future. CHAPTER XIV. THE PRESS IN PENOBSCOT COUNTY.* The Bangor Weekly Register — Bangor Register — The Penobscot Gazette — The Eastern Republican — The Clarion — The Penobscot Journal — The Bangor Courier — The Daily Whig and Courier — The Penobscot Freeman — The Daily rorntrprfivi.-l'' —-t-icpr — The Peo- ,ple's lYeaS-^Thc Iviechanic and Farmer — The Eastern Magazine, afterwards The Maine Monthly Magazine — The Bangorean — The Bangor Journal — The Bangor Democrat — The Bangor Daily Union — The Bangor Gazette — The Platform— The Expositor — The Bangor Post — The Bangor Daily Mercury — The Daily Journal — The Jeffer- sonian— The Jefferson Daily Evening News — The Daily Evening Times — The Spirit Guardian — The Daily Bee — Burr's Fifty-cent Monthly — The Daily Commercial — The Dexter Gazette — The Old- town Index. The first issue of a newspaper in Bangor was on November 25, 1815. It was styled the BANGOR WEEKLY REGISTER. The Register was published by Peter Eeds. It was not partisan in politics. It had no particular editor, consequently it had no soul. Newspaper publishers could not afford to pay for newspaper souls in that day; it was as much as they could do to keep the body alive, let alone "keeping soul and body together." The town of Bangor then contained about 1,000 inhabitants, and it is not to be wondered at if the Register was not any better than other journals of its day. It was a medium^ however, through which writers could communicate with the public, and matters of State and National moment were discussed in its columns. A topic which occupied a large space in them, through many numbers, was the separation of Maine from Massachusetts. The weight of the argument, and the vote of Bangor, was in favor of the separation. Mr. Edes continued his connection with the Register until December 25, 1817, when he (dis- posed of it to James Burton, jr., who changed the name of the paper to ■ • *By Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor. From the History of the Press of Maine, by the late Griffin, esq., by permission of his legal representatives. Re-printed with additions to date. BANGOR REGISTER. Mr. Burton continued to publish it alone until January 4, 1826, when he associated with himself John S. Carter in its publication. That was the day when lotteries were favored in Maine; and by uniting the sale of lottery tickets with the printing business, these gentlemen kept the Register at work. The paper advocated the National Republican cause, and the election of John Quincy Adams to the Presidency of the United States. It was discontinued August 2, 183 1, and was succeeded by the Penobscot Journal. Among the principal contributors to the Register from time to time during its existence, were Samuel E. But- ton, Jacob McGaw, William D. Williamson, Jedediah Herrick, John Godfrey, Martin Kingsley, Enoch Brown, John Bennoch, Allen Oilman, Edward Kent, Joseph Whipple (who commenced his history of Acadia in the Register), Samuel Call, Rev. Harvey Loomis, Henry Call, Thomas A. Hill, and many other prominent men of Bangor and the neighborhood. Mr. Samuel Call was understood to be the editor of the Register, at times. He was a cynical gentleman of considerable sharpness of intellect, and a caucus speaker of some ability. Mr. Kent, too, had the reputation of being its editor in its later years; but this was denied by the Register, although he wrote many able articles for it. From some cause there was dissatisfaction with the Register among a portion of the citizens of Bangor, and they raised a fund for the establishment of another jour- nal. This was commenced in the year 1824, under the charge of Ezra S. Brewster as publisher, and was styled PENOBSCOT GAZETTE. It was a weekly paper, edited by Daniel Pike, a prom- inent gentleman among the Orthodox Congregationalists. Mr. Pike was a grand man, a religious man, a sensible man. The Register styled him a "dernure" editor. The Gazette was respectably conducted, but was a great an- noyance to the Register. In a notice by the Register of several new journals, on August 5, 1824, is the following reference to the Gazette : "But as this paper is our rival, and a competitor, we have too much feding and too great an interest to pass it over lightly at the end of a paragraph; and as we are just now deficient in time and space, we must defer a further notice of it to a future opportunity." The opportunity, however, did not occur until the 14th of February, 1827, (which was clearly a joyous day for the publisher), when the Register had the satisfaction of announcing the demise of the Gazette "of ah atrophy," and gave it this parting salute: "She was a weakly child, of about two years old, of a very good disposition, being much attached to schools, conferences, missionary societies, etc. But though well disposed, she had many errors, and sometimes spoke so thick as to be unintelligible. Candor, however, induces me to say, that her faults were more from carelessness and from want of capacity than from any evil intention." The Gazette was succeeded by the 1 86 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. EASTERN REPUBLICAN. This paper was edited by Nathaniel Haynes, a gentle- man of culture and literary taste. The Register styled him "Attorney of Law, late of Orono." He possessed a different temper from that of the editor of the Gazette, and stirred up the bile of Mr. James Burton, jr., of the Register, wonderfully, who took delight in calling it the "Genuine." After a few issues Mr. Burton's delight as- sumed a dismal cast, for he felt constrained to "move on the works" of his adversary in this style: "False charges, malicious innuendoes, misrepresentations, and circumstances with which we have not the slightest con- nection, have been brought in requisition against us; in no instance where his evil genius could conceive he might injure our feelings or reputation has he neglected the attempt." The Republican was alive at the time of the demise of the Register, which journal in its vale.dic- tory gave its editor the following kick: "Perchahce, too, we have at times felt more pity than indignation at the puny and spiteful and exceedingly little spirts of the young man, and have made many apologies for him sim- ilar to his own for his 'mistake' in advocating duelling — that he is, constitutionally, altogether a mistake, and laboring under the influence of that malady that never permits ' him to be on the right side, or to feel at all amiable to- wards his species. In sober truth, we have felt more pity than anger, and more contempt than either." Mr. Haynes continued in charge of the Republican as long as his health would permit. On his resigning his position, his brother, Isaac C. Haynes, who had been in the office with him, succeeded him, and continued to control the columns of the Republican until December, 1837, when he sold the establishment to General Samuel Veazie and others. The Republican was a vigorous supporter of Andrew Jackson for the Presidency of the United States, and sustained the Democratic party in all its measures, until its sale to Veazie & Co., when it was conducted in the interest of the "Conservatives," a faction of the Demo- cratic party who were opposed to President Jackson's measures in relation to the United States Bank. It was understood to be under the editorial control of John Hodgdon until its final suspension in November, 1838, when its subscription list was transferred to the Frankfort Intelligencer. Mr. Hodgdon returned to his allegiance to the Democratic party, and afterward removed to Du- buque, Iowa, where he now resides. THE CLARION. This was a small quarto literary paper, established May 3, 1828, by Gilraan Merrill, and published from the office of the Bangor Register. It was at first edited by Charles Oilman, son of Hon. Allen Oilman, first mayor of Bangor. After a time the Clarion was enlarged from a sheet of four pages to one of eight pages, and was edited by B. B. Thatcher, the poet, conjointly with Mr. Oilman. These editors were liberally educated, and law- yers. The Clarion was very creditably edited by them. They were both young men when they left the paper'. Mr. Oilman was afterward law-reporter in Quincy, Illin- ois, where he died. Mr. Thatcher obtained distinction as an author in Massachusetts, where he died. The Bangor Register was succeeded by the PENOBSCOT JOURNAL. This paper was edited by the late lamented Phineas Barnes, esq., who had a short time previous to its estab- lishment graduated from college. It was, as may be supposed, ably conducted. It advocated the cause of the National Republican party from August, 1831, for about two years. In 1833 the Whig party was organized, and on Sep- tember 22, 1833, the BANGOR COURIER was established as an exponent of its principles, by Wil- liam E. P. Rogers. As a partisan paper it was the lineal descendant of the Penobscot Journal. It came under the editorial supervision of Samuel Upton — a former unsuccessful merchant in Castine — and his son Horace Upton. It was edited with considerable vigor and ability. On July i, 1834, Mr. Rogers established in connection with the Courier a daily paper, styled the Bangor Daily Whig. On December 20, 1834, the name wis changed to ■- \ BANGOR DAILY WHIG AND COURIER.. This name it was borne until now, and bids fair to bear for ?, WcJi'rn.e to come. It continued under the same propriietor and editor until Septelfefaer 21, 1-835, at which time the junior editor retired, because of fail- ing eye-sight, and Mr. Rogers disposed of the establish- ment to Gamalid Marchant and Jacob A. Smith, Samuel Upton continued to edit the paper for a time, but at length retired, leaving the editorial labor in the hands of Mr. Marchant, who managed it creditably until his health failed. His lungs being affected, in the fall of 1837 he made a voyage to the West Indies for relief, but on his return, in May, 1838, he concluded to dis- pose of his interest in the paper, and on June 8 sold it to John Edwards of Portland. The paper was carried on by Edwards & Smith until August 2, 1841, when Mr. Edwards transferred his interest to John S. Sayward, then late of the Mechanic and Farmer. The paper was in the hands of Smith & Sayward until May, 1854, — nearly thirteen years. Mr. Sayward had especial charge of the editorial department, and Mr. Smith of the printing. The paper was ably and successfully managed by these gentlemen. On the istday of May, 1854, they sold the es- tablishment to William H; Wheeler and John H. Lynde. Mr. Wheeler had recently been connected with the edito- rial department of the Kennebec Journal. In introducing these gentlemen, Mr. Sayward said of Mr. Wheeler, that through him the political, social, intellectual and moral welfare of the people would be promoted, and of Mr, Lynde, that he possessed energy, skill, and business habits. The result has shown that Mr. Sayward was not in error. Mr. Wheeler's management of the editorial de- partment of the paper confirmed his opinion of him; and that Mr. Lynde has conducted the financial affairs of the establishment with skill, energy, and success there can be no question. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 187 Mr. Wheeler continued his connection with the paper until November, 1868, when he disposed of his interest to Mr. Lynde, and removed to Boston, where he died, March 9, 1871. He was born in Wor- cester, Massachusetts, February 13, 181 7, but the largest part of his life was spent in Augusta. He served a long and faithful apprenticeship as a printer in the office of the Kennebec Journal; continued his connection with the office for many years as journeyman, and became one of the proprietors in 1850, when Luther Severance, whom he succeeded as editor, retired from the paper to accept the mission to the Sandwich Islands. In June, 1853, Mr. Wheeler sold his interest in the property to his partner, William H. Simpson, but remained as editor until 1854, when he went into business in Bangor as partner of John H. Lynde, in the publication of the Daily Whig and Courier. Of this paper he was editor and joint proprietor from 1854 until the autumn of 1868, when he sold his interest to Mr. Lynde, and removed to Boston, where until recently he was employed as one of the editors of the New England Farmer. He left a wife and four children — two sons and two daughters. The Boston Journal speaks of Mr. Wheeler's char- acter as a journalist as follows : He displayed marked ability as a political writer, and gave promise of attain- ing to the highest rank in his profession — a promise ill health alone prevented the complete fulfilment. How- ever, he held for a long time the strongest pen in the State of his nativity, and has left a record in journalism of which his family and many friends have a right to feel proud. His views with regard to the duties and obliga- tions of journalism were pure and lofty, and were thor- oughly carried out in the newspapers over which he exercised control. Thoroughly conscientious, yet un- obtrusive, gentle and amiable at all times, upright in his walk and catholic in thought, he had many friends who will hear of his demise with deep regret. He was modest and retiring to a fault, otherwise he might have held high official position. Devoted to his profession, he sought no honors outside of it. Mr. Lynde has since carried on the establishment in his own name. The paper has been under the editorial management of, first, Joseph W. Bartlett, (principal), and J. Swett Rowe, (local) editors, and now of Captain C. A. Bontelle, (prin- cipal) and Edwin A. Perry and Alfred S. Meigs (assist- ant local) editors. The Whig and Courier was an earnest supporter of the Whig party during its existence, and has been an un- flinching advocate of the principles of the Republican party since the Whig party was dissolved. It now stands among the ablest papers in the State; its business has steadily increased from the commencement, and it may well be called a success. When Messrs. Smith & Say- ward left it, Mr. Sayward went into the Kennebec Jour- nal, and.has since left that paper with a competency, and is enjoying his otium cum dignitate upon his farm in Boxford, Massachusetts. Mr. Smith is enjoying his in an elegant residence upon Thomas's Hill, in Bangor. When the Anti-Masonic party deemed itself of suffi- cient importance to organize politically, its leaders thought it expedient to establish an organ in Bangor; and Anson Herrick removed thither from Hallowell, where he had been associated with Richard D. Rice (af- terward Judge Rice of the Supreme Judicial Court), in printing a paper, for the purpose. On the 7th day of August, 1834, he published the first number of the PENOBSCOT FREEMAN. This paper was under the editorial charge of Asa Walker, a polished and vigorous writer. We believe it survived its party, but was not long-lived. Mr. Her- rick's enterprising disposition prompted him to greater things than the publishing of a weekly Anti-Masonic journal, and in August, 1835, he commenced the publi- cation of a small daily paper, styled the DAILY COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. This was a lively, non-partisan journal, and Mr. Her- rick made it quite taking for several months, until, in consequence of an unfortuate non-financial operation, he suddenly (in May, 1836), came to the conclusion that New York ideas would be more favorable to his success than those of Bangor, and removed to that city, where he established the Sunday Atlas. He was right in his conclusion. He was made an alderman, and a Member of Congress (as his father, Ebenezer Herrick, had been before him), in New York, and when he died a few years since, he left a fortune (we believe), and the Atlas in the full tide of prosperity. But notwithstand- ing Mr. Herrick left Bangor, the Advertiser went on. It fell into the editorial hands of John W. Frost, a young lawyer, who manipulated its enunciation with much bra- very until December, 1836, when it was absorbed by the peoples' PRESS. This was a daily and weekly Democratic paper of a peculiar stamp, established by Thomas Bartlett, jr., March 12, 1836. The paper was edited with some smartness for something more than two years. We be- lieve it was suspended in November, 1838. On February 6, 1835, an association of gentlemen having at heart the welfare of the artisans and agricul- turists, established a weekly journal, under the style of the MECHANIC AND FARMER. This association was composed of John Brown & Co. They employed John S. Sayward as its editor. In his ■ introductory, the editor announced it to be his intention "to assist and cheer mankind in the various duties of the workshop, the field and the domestic circle; to urge for- ward correct feelings and action among the practical working men of the country." The Mechanic and Far- mer was an interesting and useful journal, and was in existence four years. Its last number was published February 21, 1839. Its publishers were successively, Cobb & Merrill, Charles Cobb, Benjamin A. Burr, and William E. P. Rogers. In June, 1835, John S. Carter commenced a monthly publication, the EASTERN MAGAZINE. This was edited by Mrs. M. P. Carter (wife of the publisher), who was a poet, and a writer of much merit. She continued in the editorial chair until failing health i88 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. compelled her to leave it, in December, 1835, when she was succeeded by Charles Oilman. Mr. Oilman contin- ued in it during the remainder of the year, after which he edited it as the MAINE MONTHLY MAGAZINE. This periodical was published by John S. Carter. Both these publications were handsomely printed, and ob- tained considerable reputatibn for literary merit. The patronage extended to them was not sufificient to keep them in existence. In January, 1836, Mr. Carter established a pleasant weekly, THE BANGOREAN. This was edited by Mr. Oilman, also. It was hand- somely printed, and edited with ability. It was not, however, a political paper, and there being no powerful company behind to sustain it, its fortunes were united with those of the Mechanic and Farmer in October, 1836. In 1837, Rev. Thomas Curtis, a Baptist clergyman of much learning and ability, came to Bangor from Eng- land, and conceived the project of putting before the public a literary and religious paper worthy of the sup- port of an intelligent community. It was understood that Professor Leonard Woods (afterwards President Woods of Bowdoin College) was to assist in the editor- ship. A respectable subscription was raised, and the result was the BANGOR JOURNAL. The first number was issued June i, 1837. The paper was continued just one year. It was printed by Samuel S. Smith. It was edited by Mr. Curtis and his son. It was a handsome paper in quarto form, and contained eight pages of reading matter. Although the articles were well written, yet they were not to the popular taste, and the subscriptions were not renewed. As the Democrats were a live party in Penobscot, and professed to have some political light, they did not choose to have that light hid under a bushel long at a time; therefore, when the Eastern Republican fell into what they conceived to be conservative darkness, many of them "pooled" in $10 apiece, and on the 15th day of February, 1836, started on its long and eventful career, the BANGOR DEMOCRAT. William R. Smith, and, we believe, for a time, William T. Johnson, were its publishers. It at length came un- der the editorial charge of Isaac C. Haynes, formerly of the Republican, who was its editor for many years. Although strongly partisan, yet Mr. Haynes's editorials were usually dignified, quite free of personali- ties, and perhaps as temperate and little objectionable as partisan editorials could well be. On November 22, 1838, the publication of the Democrat passed into the hands of John Pray and William Thompson. Mr. Thompson at length became the sole publisher, and so continued during Mr. Haynes's connection with it, until August 3, 1857. Marcellus Emery, a graduate of Bowdoin College, a lawyer, and a gentleman of ability, succeeded Mr. Haynes as editor of the Democrat. He, for a lime ■ published in connection with the Democrat a daily paper, the BANGOR DAILY UNION. This paper took strong ground against the Republican party. President Lincoln, and the war for the suppression of the Rebellion; and it was thought by the enemies of the Rebellion that the editorials were rank with treason and almost every issue provoked denunciation and threats against the editor. Hon. Isaiah Stetson was then mayor, and so open and violent were these threats at last that his attention was called to the excitement, and he was very anxious to prevent an outbreak. But no vigilance could provide against the cool determination of a community that felt itself outraged by what it con- ceived to be attacks upon the principles which they had been educated to believe sacred, and stabs at the heart of their country. On the i2tli of August, 1 861, while Mr. Emery and his assistants were at their dinner, the mob quietly entered his office and shied his presses, paper, tj'pes, cases, and apparatus of all sorts, from the fourth story windows into the street, and afterwards piled them up in the market-place and burned them; and, when he appeared to remonstrate against this unexpected disposi- tion of his property, the indignation against him was so great that it was with difficulty he was protected from violence. But Mr. Emery was not to be suppressed. After the lapse of nearly a year and a half, when the public irrita- tion had to some extent subsided, he made an appeal to his Democratic friends in the State, and was enabled to resuscitate the Democrat in January, 1863. This paper is still in existence, under his charge, and is the Demo- cratic organ of Penobscot county. After the war was closed, Mr. Eemry, counting either upon the imperfect memory or forgiving disposition of the people, sought to recover the value of his de- stroyed property by a suit, in Waldo county, against cer- tain individuals for trespass. These individuals, how- ever, determined that a jury of Waldo county should render no verdict without a full understanding of Mr. Emery and of the disloyal utterances of his journal, and of the great injury they were doing to the cause of the country at the time of the suppression. And, in a protracted trial, they produced sufficient testimony to the jury (a portion of whom were Democrats), that they returned a verdict that Mr. Emery's paper was a "public nuisance" — but giving some damages against two of the defendants. Tabor and Hopkins, who had made them- selves conspicuous in the mob, though, unfortunately for Mr. Emery, they were poor men and not able to re- spond, and were quite indifferent in regard to the result of the suit. They had both been to the war and done something for their country, and as Mr. Emery had the privilege of living in it without contributing • anything voluntarily for its salvation, they were quite willing his involuntary contribution should stand. The other de- fendants in the suit were declared not guilty; but a new trial was granted, which has not yet been had. It is but justice to Mr. Emery to say, that on the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 189 night of the arrival of the news of Lee's surrender, after being informed of it, and prompted by some enthusiastic war people, he left his bed in haste, and taking his stand upon the balcony of his hotel, proclaimed that he was a friend of the Union, and waved the stars and stripes in a manner indicating, to the spectators in the streets, that he loved the flag. The Democra.t has now the support or countenance of such prominent Democrats as Major-General James H. Butler, chairman of the State Democratic Commit- tee, ex-Surveyor-General Gorham L. Boynton, Abraham Sanborn, William H. McCrillis, James F. Rawson, Amos M. Roberts, Hastings Strickland, Isaac W. Patten, Jo- seph Chase, James Tobin, and Abner Knowles, esqrs.; General Charles W. Roberts, Drs. George W. Ladd and C. A. Jordan ("Faust"), Hon. George P. Sewall, Benja- min Swett, Joshua W. Carr, William T. Hilliard, John Varney, and Simpson Rollins, esqrs. In the year 1842, the anti-slavery men of Bangor, having the year before organized a branch of the party known as the Liberty party, felt the necessity of an or- gan, and on April 30, 1842, sent forth the first number of the BANGOR GAZETTE. This was a weekly paper; its publisher, John Burrill; editor, John E. Godfrey. It was continued for a year as a weekly ; after this, its publisher thinking the en- couragement sufficient to warrant it, issued a daily sheet. The design of the proprietors was to put before the people facts in regard to American slavery, and to impress upon them the idea that, as that was a political institution, it was by political appliances that it must be abolished; that, constituted as they were, it was impos- sible for either the Whig or Democratic party to take action against it and maintain its integrity; therefore, that the only practicable way of operating against the institution, politically, was by voting squarely against it. The effect of the argument was soon felt, and both the great parties were driven to concede, by resolves and editorial utterances, that political action was necessary, but their organs insisted that the action must be through the two great parties. As the people preferred to re- main with their old parties so long as there was the least hope of accomplishing anything through them, acces- sions to the Liberty party were gradual. In a vote of the city, the largest ever obtained by the Liberty party was between 300 and 400, in an entire vote of the citi- zens of between 2,000 and 3,000. But the anti-slavery sentiment was strengthened throughout the community to a very much greater extent than the vote of the Lib- erty party indicated. That vote, however, and the agi- tation it occasioned, and the information promulgated by its journals, accomplished the end sought for much earlier than its friends expected. The Gazette performed its share of the labor. It was continued several years. In about two years after its establishment, Mr. Burrill disposed of his interest, and was succeeded by George W. Light as publisher. Mr. Light was succeeded by Seward P. Moore. Mr. Godfrey, alter a time, relin- quished the editorial chair, and was succeeded by Asa Walker. When the Free-Soil party came into existence, in which the Liberty party was merged, Mr. Walker changed the name of the Gazette to THE PLATFORM, under which name it was published, by Francis Shepherd & Son, during the Free-Soil campaign, in which Mr. Van Buren was candidate of that party for the Presidency. The prominent supporters of the Gazette during its existence were Adams H. Meriill, Charles A. Stackpole, Jonas P. Veazie, George A. Thatcher, James Allen, Asa Davis, Nathan P. Wiggin, Albert G. Wakefield, Llewel- lyn J. Morse, Joseph C. White, Albert Titcomb, Elijah Low, Charles Plummer, Joel Hills, Joseph E. Littlefield, John S. Kimball, Timothy Crosby, John S. Johnston, Theodore S. Brown, Henry B. Farnham, Henry Gale, Charles Godfrey, Alexander Drummond, Joseph Brown, and others. During Mr. Godfrey's contiection with the Gazette, he collected the principal anti-slavery articles of that paper, and Mr. Burrill published them in a monthly journal called THE EXPOSITOR. This paper was in a quarto form, was furnished at a low price, and had quite an extensive circulation. The articles were temperate, judicious, and free from bitter- ness, and produced a good effect. The history of the Free-Soil party is not forgotten. It was the offspring of the Liberty party, as the Republican party was the offspring of the Free-Soil party, before which the once glorious Whig party vanished like chaff before the wind, and the great Democratic party fell, prone to struggle for long years against a destiny which, in the days of Andrew Jackson, no one could have dreamed awaited it, to wit — annihilation. BANGOR POST. This was a racy paper, established some time before the year 1850, by Thomas Bartlett, formerly, of the Peoples' Press, to amuse the community and support himself It was a jolly, readable paper, and "took" while it was taken; but, unfortunately, for want of material aid, it was not taken long. Mr. Bartlett had a brother, a printer by trade, a witty and enterprising person, a victim of the cacoethes scribendi, who started a paper in the year 1844, to amuse, edify, and provoke the community. It was not particular what it said or whom it placed blushing before the public gaze, provided its treasury derived benefit from it. It bore the name of BANGOR DAILY MERCURY. It was the mouthpiece of all the wags, all the croakers, all the grumblers, all the envious, and all the jolly and dissatisfied persons who chose to send it their contri- butions. It was much dreaded by timid persons, but sometimes it stirred up tlie risibilities of the people won- derfully. It started the Antiquarian burlesque, which kept the community in a state of merry fermentation for weeks. Those who recollect the excursion of the Mercury's antiquarians down the Penobscot river, their marvellous adventures with Aboljacknegus, Porkunsis, IQO HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. and Baskahegan giant— whiskey— will not recall them without being inclined to renew their cachinnation of those merry times. But it was at last with the Mercury as it is with all similar guerilla journals; after the people had been pretty generally lampooned, they lost their relish for that kind of amusement, and began to withhold their patronage. The consequence of this was that Mr. Bartlett relin- quished the editorship, saying, in his valedictory, that he had put nothing into the concern, and he left its capital unimpaired. In 1850 the establishment passed into the hands of several Whig gentlemen, who greatly enlarged it, and placed it under the charge of Samuel P. Dinsmore and Charles P. Roberts, two young lawyers of more than ordinary editorial ability. It was conducted, in connec- tion with a weekly issue, in the interests of the Whig party, until the year 1854, when it stopped. The estab- lishment went into the hands of W. E. Hilton & Co., and was converted into a straight Whig paper, and called BANGOR DAILY JOURNAL. Mr. Roberts was sole editor of this paper for a time. At length Daniel Sanborn became associated with him, and continued associate editor until some time before its discontinuance, in August, 1857. These editors used very sharp-nibbed pens, and set the community in an effervescence about three prominent Maine Law advo- cates, whom they denominated " Dow, Peck, and Weaver,'' that did not subside until the "Co." was smashed, and Weaver, at least, in regard to his temperance pretensions^ put hors du combat. After the discontinuance of the Journal, Adam Treat and others purchased some part of the establishment and connected it with the Democrat in the form of the Bangor Daily Union, heretofore noticed. Charles P. Roberts was associated in the edit- orship during the first months of its existence; then, as his and Mr. Emery's views did not accord, he gave up his connection with it altogether. After the Free-Soil campaign, the anti-slavery element became so strong in the Democratic party that it was deemed advisable by certain gentlemen of the party to establish in Bangor a journal that would advocate the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy; accordingly, in March, 1849, Joseph Bartlett and Benjamin A. Burr established a weekly paper bearing the title of THE JEFFERSONIAN. Mr. Bartlett had special charge of the editorial depart ment, and Mr. Burr of the printing. In his salutatory Mr. Bartlett announced that the Jeffersonian would "be the advocate of Democratic principles, and would sup- port the Democratic party as the exponent of these prin- ciples." During his whole editorial career Mr. Bartlett undeviatingly pursued the course he had in the outset marked out for himself He was influenced by neither threats promises, nor bribes, and he was subjected to such of these, at times, as would have influenced men of less firmness. But they only served to make him more ear- nest, if possible, in the expression of the views he had adopted. It is needless to say that after the Republican party was organised, the Jeffersonian recognized its principles as those of Jeffersonian Democracy, and ever after was their firm and consistent advocate. It supported General Fremont, Abraham Lincoln, and General Grant for the Presidency, and, during twenty long years, Mr. Bart- lett gave all the influence of his ready pen in favor of the right. Oftentimes in advance of his contemporaries he expressed opinions, afterwards adopted, with a positive- ness not always agreeable, though, we apprehend, no one ever doubted his sincerity. At length, however, he had to succumb to a mightier than any political foe. Con- sumption took him in its relentless grasp, and in the year 1870 he laid down his editorial pen never to resume it. In a few months Mr. Burr transferred the subscription list of the Jeffersonian to Mr. Lynde, of the Whig and Courier. While publishing the Jeffersonian in the second year of the Rebellion, Messers. Bartlett & Burr commenced the publication of a daily paper, in connection with the weekly Jeffersonian, called JEFFERSONIAN DAILY EVENING NEWS. The first number was issued June 28, 1862. Before much progress was made with it, the publishers found themselves disappointed in regard to their office arrange- ments, and concluded not to proceed with the enterprise after August 2, 1862. Mr. William Thompson, who had been the publisher of the Democrat, having encouragement that a daily morniog journal would be supported in Bangor, on the 19th of June, 1858, established the BANGOR DAILY EVENING TIMES. This was a paper, liberal and independent in politics, except during the war, of the prosecution of which to a successful termination it was an ardent advocate. As it was established by its publisher for his own emolument, it was fortunate for him that his inclination prompted him to make it a war paper, for its patronage during that period was very extensive, it being always in. possession of the war news, for which everybody was eager, up to the hour of its publication. It was at first under the ed- itorial charge of Charles P. Roberts ; afterwards of A. C. Brock, who was succeeded by William E. Stevens. It was a sprightly and agreeable journal, and was well sus- tained. Mr. Thompson, having become wearied with the labor of newspaper publication — not because of want of support — suspended the publication of the Times on September 10, 1867, and limited his business to job printing, simply, until his death in 187 1. At a period when Spiritualism was producing consid- erable excitement, George W. Brown established in Ban- gor a journal with the title of THE SPIRIT GUARDIAN. This was not a long-lived paper, and we are not aware that it exercised any influence for good or evil. S. F. Whitmore published before 1850 a small daily paper, called the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 191 DAILY BEE. It was an adventure of Mr. Whitraore and several journeyman printers, — was intended to be conducted to take the popular breeze, but it was short-lived. The last journal, but one, established in Bangor up to the present time, of which we have any knowledge, is burr's fifty-cent monthly. This is an eight-page quarto paper published monthly by Benjamin A. Burr. It is a tastefully printed sheet, and is full of unexceptionable and interesting miscellane- ous reading for the family. The first number was issued in April, 1870, and we believe the patronage it receives will justify the publisher in kc eping it in existence during his pleasure. There have been atteir.pts to estabhsh other newspa- pers in Bangor, but we believe we have given the names of all that have seen the light; certainly all that have shed any light, except the BANGOR DAILY COMMERCIAL. This paper was established by Marcellus Emery, esq., editor of the Democrat. Although under Democratic management, yet it keeps pretty clear of partisan politics, it being the design and desire of the conductors to make it a popular business paper, and to make money. The paper is a smart, newsy journal; has a good subscription list, and is popular with many of its patrons. It will not be for want of talent in the editor if he is not successful in obtaining for it an extensive circulation. The busi- ness interest of the community appears to be the prime object .of his solicitude. The first number of the Com- mercial was issued on the ist of January, 1872. DEXTER DEXTER GAZETTE. Its character is independent; the editor and proprie- tor is R. O. Robbins; its size is 32x22; published every Friday; the circulation is 600. The advertising columns are well patronized. The printing business was commenced in this place by J. F. Witherell, in 1853. He published several period- icals of different names, one of which once had a weekly list of 1,700 subscribers. It was of a literary character. He sold his interest in August, 1869, to Gulleson & Rob- bins, who carried on the publication of the Gazette and job business until October, 1871, when Mr. Robbins pur- chased the interest of the senior partner. OLDTOWN OLDTOWN INDEX. This was the only paper ever published in this place. It was issued occasionally, in 1848-49,-=— had probably no circulation outside of the town. It was managed princi- pally by one Charles H. De Wolfe, an Englishman by birth, a man of pecular notions in vegetarianism, free-love, etc. Owing to his peculiar views, he did not find it con- venient to tarry here a great while, and he soon left the * State. The next heard of him he was under arrest in Oregon, on a criminal charge for his unlawful manner of taking a wife. Being a man of some ability, he defended his own case. During the trial the judge asked: "Mr. De Wolfe, do you propose to show that you have been married to this woman?" "We were, your Honor, mar- ried according to the universal laws of God and the dic- tates of our own conscience." " Do you love this wo- man well enough to take her for your wife?" "Most certainly I do." "Madam, do you love this man well enough to takehim for your husband?" "Yes." "Then, by virtue of authority vested in me, I pronounce you to be husband and wife, duly married according to the laws of Oregon. Go, and sin no more." Next heard of him was his death in California. CHAPTER XV. ROADS, RAILROADS AND TELEGRAPHS. Wagon Roads — Notices of Early Roads in the Penobscot Country, by Wliipple and Morse — The Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad — The Penobscot River Railroad — The Maine Central — The Dexter & Newport — Tlie European & North American — The Bangor & Pisca- taquis — The Bucksport & Bangor — Unaccomplished Projects — The Telegraphs through Bangor. WAGON ROADS. The first roads in the Penobscot Valley naturally lay along the comparatively low ground by the river's side, to connect the early settlements, which clung close to the Penobscot. Here ran the Indian trail, which had been traversed by the red man in his migrations, on his hunting expeditions or the war-path, for untold genera- tions; and these, widened and slightly improved, fur- nished the rude highways for the wagon, or horse, or ox- team of the pioneer. It would be tedious work to follow in careful and ex- tended details the history of the construction of wagon roads, macadamized ways, turnpikes, and the rest, throughout the great county of Penobscot. It has now, apparently, a very excellent road system, accommodating well the settlements and villages dispersed far and wide throughout its large domain. Many of the leading high- ways will receive notice in our special histories of the townships. For the present we subjoin one or two no- tices of the old-time roads, which will certainly be read with interest. The following is from Whipple's Geo- graphical View of the District of Maine, published in 1816. In the county of I*enobscot, which is the most central division, par- ticular attention is paid in locating the roads in such directions as may hereafter preclude the necessity of turnpilces ; but even here there are ' people who have great reluctance to quit any road which they have used, let the location be ever so indirect. However, the inhabitants of this section are generally as enterprising in this department as in any other part of the Union. The roads parallel and each side of Penobscot Bay and river are in a very good state to the head of the tide. The first important road from the head ot the tide and west of the Penobscot commences at Bangor, and extends northeasterly by the river 14 miles to the upper line of Orono. From thence it has recently been extended 14 miles north- westerly, at the expense of the State, and another section of 14 miles is now extending beyond the Piscataquis. 192 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The next load extends on a northerly direction, about 8 miles west- erly of the State's road. This passes the westerly side of Pushaw, and terminates in Blakesburgh, 25 miles from Bangor. It is, however, in contemplation to extend it immediately to the township No. 3, in the 7th range, on the Piscataquis. The next road extends from Bangor on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, and extends northwesterly about twenty miles to the upper part of Corinth, thence north through the cenfe of Charlestown, No. 2, in the 6th range, to Piscataquis, and to the mills in the town of Sebec, 38 miles from Bangor : and is a con- firmed county road for that distance. The next and most important road of either is contemplated to be opened by the proprietors of the land through which it passes. It will commence at the western side of Kenduskeag, thence north 44 degrees west by the compass, 9 miles to the south branch of Kenduskeag in Levant, which has been so far traced, thence varying about 2 degrees northerly, it passes through the center of Penobscot county to Guilford, on Piscataquis River, thence to the south side of Moosehead Lake, thence about the same course to the principal settlement on the Chau- diere, fifty-two miles from Quebec, which distance is now a perfect wheel-road. The whole distance from Bangor to Quebec will probably be about 190 miles. Half this distance is now passable by the common road from Bangor to the Piscataquis and the Chaudiere road to Quebec, which distance the land is peculiarly adapted to a good road, This road will particularly accommodate the upper settlers on the Kenne- bec. The next important road which is also contemplated, but now before the Court of Sessions, commences at Bangor and, extending west a few degrees, runs north through Hermon and Carmel in the Second Range, thence on the same course to Canaan, Bloomfield and Norridgewock, on the Kennebec, and thence on the same course through East An- dover to Connecticut River in New Hampshire and Vermont. The next road is contemplated from Bangor to Augusta south of Dixmont, and on a direct course, which will reduce the distance about nine miles. A petition tor a township of land for this purpose is now before the Legislature. The next is the present travelled road from Bangor through Hamp- den, Dixmont, Joy, Unity, Fairfax, Harlem, and Vasselborough, to Augusta. The last road west of Penobscot is from Bangor to Belfast, through Hampden and Frankfort, A petition for a new road from Frankfort to Belfast is now before the Sessions; this will be a most important avenue. A new direct county road is also contemplated from Bangor to Ells_ worth, which will be the great road to Machias and Passamaquoddy. The Quebec road receives the following notice evidently borrowed in part from Whipple, in Morse's Universal Geography, of the edition of 1819: Another road is laid out from Bangor, on the Penobscot, to Quebec a distance of about 200 miles; course North 40 degrees West. It passes through BrownviUe, thence to the east of Moosehead Lake, thence across the western branch of Penobscot river to St. Joseph's church, on the Chaudiere, which is about 52 miles from the city of Quebec, to which there is a good road all the distance. The whole dis tance on the road, from Bangor to Quebec, will be about 190 miles. Half this dis- tance is now passable. The upper settlers on trie Kennebec will derive great benefit from this road. The country through which this road is to pass was explored, for the first time by any white person, in the spring of tSio, by Dr. Isaac Wilkins and Captain Ezekiel Chase, and found to be in general good for roads and settlements. After passing BrownviUe 20 or 25 miles, in a Northerly course, over a ridge of moun- tains, the country thence to the Chaudiere is level, variegated only with gentle swells. Another important road has been surveyed from the Penobscot to a new settlement in the north-east comer of Maine, on St. John's river Another advantageous road is contemplated, to be opened from Bangor west through Hermon, Carmel, Canaan, Bloomfield, Norridge- wock, and East Andover, to Connecticut river. RAILROADS. The project of building the first iron road constructed in the Penobscot Valley was mooted soon after the rail- way system was introduced into this country. It was the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad, which has been discontinued for many years, but whose old station- house, now a dwelling, still stands on the bluff in Bangor, and the long-disused track can still be traced at intervals stretching thence away into the country. The line kept on the high ground, instead of following the lower levels near the river, as does the present railroad to Oldtown; and, when it was desired to use a road to that place as an important link in a chain of iron ways to reach the Northeastward and Northwestward, this track was found to be too far in the interior to accommodate the traffic from the growing towns along the river; and it was con- sequently abandoned for the route now in use. The Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad Company was chartered by the State Legislature on the 8th of March, 1832, but was not fully organized until three years afterwards. So enthusiastic was the local public over this new departure in methods of transportation, that the stock of the company sold at 18 per cent, premium before a blow had been struck upon the line. Messrs. Rufus Dwinel, Ira Wadleigh, and Asa W. Bab- cock, were the chief promoters of the enterprise. Work upon the road-bed was begun in June ; but the charter proved to be so fatally defective that it was possible for every landholder on the line to prosecute every railway employe coming upon his premises; and the work had to be temporarily abandoned. By and by the Bangor & Piscataquis Canal and Railroad Company, which had been chartered February 8, 1833, to build a canal or railroad, or both, from Bangor to the State quarries of Piscataquis county, bought up the franchises of the older company, and without special difficulty completed the road frorn Bangor to Oldtown, by way of Upper Stillwater. It was constructed in 1835-36, and laid with strap-rail; and was opened in the latter year. After a time a track was laid down the hill in Bangor, and along the streets to a wharf on Exchange street, upon which large quantities of lumber and other products — but especially lumber, — were transported directly to the vessels on the Penobscot. THE PENOBSCOT RIVER RAILROAD. A company to build a railway bearing this title was chartered by the State in 1836. It was to lay a line from Bucksport to Milford, altogether on the east side of the river, but with a branch to Orono. The usual agi- tation in behalf of a local road was excited. Meetings were held at Orono and Oldtown in the autumn of 1836, in promoting the scheme, and $30,000 to $40,000 were subscribed in the former place alone. The times were growing hard, however; the great financial crisis of 1837 was at hand; and the means, together with the public confidence desirable in such an enterprise, could not be commanded at the time. The project therefore failed, THE MAINE CENTRAL. The Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad Company was chartered April 5, 1845, organized fully November 27, 1850. Early in 1853 the construction of the line from Waterville to Bangor was begun at the former place ; and by December of that year the track was completed to Kendall's Mills. The cars reached Pittsfield in Novem- ber, 1854, and entered Bangor in triumph in August, 1855. Meanwhile the Androscoggin & Kennebec HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 193 Railroad Company, chartered March 28, 1845, had been building a road from Danville Junction, on the Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railroad (now leased for 999 years to the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada), to Waterville, which was opened for traffic December 23, 1849. Upon the completion of the Penobscot & Kennebec, Sep- tember r, 1855, Bangor had its first connection by the iron rail with Portland and the rapidly developing rail- way system of the East and West. November i, 1856, the Bangor link of the chain was leased for twenty years to the Androscoggin & Kennebec Company, at a yearly rental equivalent to three-sevenths of the net earnings of both the roads. In a very few years, however, October 28, 1862, a consolidation of the two roads was effected, under the name of the Maine Cen- tral, which the line has since borne. An older company, the Kennebec & Portland, had been chartered April i, 1836, to build a road from Port- land to Bath and Augusta, had opened the section from Yarmouth to Bath July 4, 1849, that from Yarmouth to Portland in .1851, and the extension to Augusta, January I, 1852. The property of this company was foreclosed by its mortgagees May 18, 1862, and the Portland & Kennebec Company, organized two days afterwards, be- came its owners. A line was built from Augusta to Waterville, and on the 26th of February, 1873, an act of the Legislature was passed, cqnsblidating the Port'-, land & Kennebec, the Somerset & Kennebec, and the Leeds & Farmington Companies, with the Maine Central Railroad Company. November 13, 1871, the extension from Danville Junction to Cumberland Junction, near Portland, was opened. The Maine Central, therefore, now consists of the united lines from Bangor to Portland via Danville Junction, 136.6 miles; the branch from Cumberland Junction to Waterville, 72.93 miles; that from Crowley's Junction to Lewiston, 4.77 miles; that from Bath to Farmington, 74.31 miles; and that from Waterville to Skowhegan, 18.19 miles — 170.2 miles of branches, or a total of 306.8 miles owned by the com- pany. In addition they lease the Belfast & Moosehead Lake Railroad, 34.15 miles, and the Dexter & Newport Railroad, 14 miles — 48.15 miles, making 354.95 miles owned or leased and operated by the Central Company, with side-tracks, etc., amounting to 49.2 miles more; 27 miles of the line, besides the Dexter & Newport road, lie in Penobscot county, passing from Bangor in a gen- eral westerly direction through Hampden, Hermon Centre, Hermon Pond, Carmel, Etna, East Newport, and Newport. By the last report of the company at hand, the Cen- tral owned 58 locomotive engines and 1,119 cars— pas- senger 58, baggage, mail, and express 25, box freight 645, and platform 474, besides 40 service cars. , DEXTER AND NEWPORT. The-original company formed for building this short line, in the western part of the county, was chartered in 1853, but nothing effective was done under the charter until its extension in 1865. Construction was begun un- der the new arranagement in 1867, and the next year the road was opened. It cost about $300,000. December r, 1868, it was leased to the Central Company for thirty years, at a rental of $18,000 a year. It has, as already noted, a track of fourteen miles, running from the junction at Newport, through Corinna, to Dexter, with sidings amounting to about one mile. It owns no rolling stock, being equipped entirely by the Central. By its financial statement December 31, 1879, it had a capital stock of $122,000, and owned $175,000 in six per cent, township bonds. Mr. Charles Shaw, of Dexter, is President of the company, and George Hamilton, Treasurer. The offices of the road are at Dexter. THE EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN. The Bangor & Orono Railroad Company was chartered in 1847, but did nothing of importance. Subsequently, in 185 1, a new Penobscot Railroad Company was organ- ized, and began operations the next year. It was to build a road, in the first instance; mainly on the west side of the Penobscot, from Bangor to Milford. The first contractor upon it, the Hon. Horatio C. Seymour, ; of New York, died, and the second contractor failed; so that the construction was delayed. First-mortgage six per cent, 'bonds', to the amount of $300,000, due in twenty years,' were issued in 1855, bearing date July ist, and the' European & North American Company, which had been c.hartered August 20, 1850, but had yet built rio'thihg; acquired title to the road-bed, rights of way, and other property of the Penobscot Company, between Ban- gor and Milford. The European & North American Company went on to complete the line on the route already selected by the Penobscot Company, substan- tially that now occupied by the road; and in 1868 cars were running from Bangor to Oldtown. The company now in possession secured a land-grant of 750,000 acres of land from the State. In 1863 it issued $280,000 of its own first-mortgage bonds. The city of Bangor voted a twenty-year six per cent, loan of one million, due January r, 1889. Means were thus obtained to extend the line into Milford, building the railway bridge across the Penobscot, and then to Vance- boro, on the State boundary, which was reached in 187 1. Upon the opening of the through line, October 17 of that year, a great celebration was had, at which were present General U. S. Grant, then President of the United States; Lord Lingard, the Governor-General of Canada ; the Governor of Maine, and many other dis- tinguished personages. During the same year, the Eu- ropean & North American Railway of New Brunswick was completed to the same point, and the two roads made a continuous line from Bangor to St. John, 205)^ miles distant. The companies were consolidated De- cember I, 1872, but serious defaults in interest-payments occurred three years afterward, and the corporations separated after trying vainly to fix upon a plan of re- adjustment. The trustee into whose hands the New Brunswick division had fallen sold it under foreclos- ure, and it was re-organized as the St. John & Maine Railway. The next year — October 2, 1876 — the Maine division, or the European & North American, was 194 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. surrendered to the trustees of the land-grant mortgage ($2,000,000 twenty-year bonds), who have since operated the road. The trustees, in possession since the date given, are the Hon. Hannibal HamHn and William B. Hayford, both of Bangor, where the principal offices of the road are situated. In its course of construction, the European & North American absorbed, not only the Penobscot Railroad Company, but also the Oldtown & Lincoln Company, chartered about 1852, and the Bangor & Piscataquis Canal & Railroad Company. These, however, had pre- viously been absorbed in the Bangor, Oldtown & Mil- ford Railroad Company, which was in its turn swallowed up by the European & North American Company, which vacated its track, as recorded in the opening paragraphs of this chapter. The European & North American also leased the Bucksport & Bangor Railroad, upon its completion in 1874, but did not renew after the expiration of the lease in 1879. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad was also leased by it, from 1873, to December i, 1876. The trustees therefore operate only the main Hne from Ban- gor to Vanceboro, 114.2 miles, with sidings of 17.55 miles. Its cost was about $40,000 per mile. It runs seventy miles in Penobscot county, from Ban- gor, through Veazie, Orono, Oldtown, Milford, Green- bush, Passadumkeag, Enfield, Lincoln, Winn, Matta- wamkeag, Kingman, and Drew Plantation, with seventeen miles in Aroostook county, and the rest in Washing- ton county, to its terminus. The road there connects with the St. John & Maine Railway, to St. John, New Brunswick, and the New Brunswick & Canada Railway, to Houlton on the north, and St. Stephen, New Bruns- wick, and Calais, Maine, on the east. THE BANGOR AND PISCATAQUIS. The company to build this road was chartered March 5, 1861. Operations under it were not begun, however, until eight years afterwards, in the spring of 1869, and then proceeded slowly, so that its present line, from Old- town to Blanchard, was not completed until May, 1877. April I, 1869, the city of Bangor issued in aid of the enterprise $600,000 in 6 per cent, bonds; April i, 1871, $322,000 in 7 per cent, bonds ; December i, 1874, $99,000; and October i, 1876, $101,000. The city holds $200,000 of the capital stock of the company in exchange for its bonds, for which it has also a mortgage on the property of the road. When the track reached Abbott, in 1873, the line was leased to the European & N. A. Co. On the ist of October, 1876, however, this corporation defaulted in its payment of interest to the Bangor & Piscataquis, and the latter resumed possession. In Penobscot county this road passes through Old- town, Alton, and Lagrange, fifteen miles. The remain- der of the line is in Piscataquis county. Connection is had at Oldtown for Bangor, over the rails of the Euro- pean & X. A. Co. The present terminus of the track is Blanchard, but steps are being taken to complete it to Moosehead Lake. Its cars already bear the designation of the famous sheet of water. The road has cost about $1,500,000. It has 62.8 miles of track, with 2.9 more of sidings and other tracks. By the. last report we have seen it had 4 locomotive engines, 3 passenger cars, 2 baggage, mail and express cars, 39 box, 30 platform, and 1 2 service cars. During the year ending September 30, 1879, its trains were run a total of 78,876 miles, with an engine service of 82,636. It had carried that year 23,142 passengers- — 675,854 carried i mile. The freight moved amounted to 27,664 tons — moved i mile, 904,- 195. The gross earnings of the year were $71,188.00; operating expenses, including taxes, etc., $46,281.54; net earnings $24,906.48. Interest on funded debt accrued, $72,540. Moses Giddings, of Bangor, is President of this road. Its general offices are in that city. ■ THE BUCKSPORT AND BANGOR. This short line — 18.8 miles, with 1.88 miles of side- tracks — was chartered March i, 1870. Its route was surveyed in the fall of 1872; construction began the next spring; and trains commenced to run regularly to Bucksport December 12, 1874. It was then leased to the E. & N. A. R.R., to the ist of October, r879. Be- fore the lease expired, however, the company was sold out at sheriff's sale (March, 1879), and bought by the mortgage trustees. Its gauge was changed from the standard (4 feet. 8% inches) to the narrow, or 3 foot, gauge, upon which its trains are now run. The road was' operated for a time by Mr. L. L. Lincoln, of Bucksport, under a ten-year lease; but the organization of the com- pany was still maintained, and a change in the running arrangements of the road was effected in the summer of i88r. Mr. S. T. Hinks, President, and Parker Spof ford, Treasurer, conduct the general offices at Bucksport, Nine and a half miles of the route of this road are in Penobscot county, passing from Bangor, by bridge across the river, through the towns of Brewer and Orrington. The rest of the line is in Hancock county. Its original cost was $693,755.95. PROJECTS NOT CONSUMMATED. At the Legislative session of 1860-61, an act was passed making a liberal grant from the public lands in Penobscot and Aroostook counties, with the reservation of certain townships designed for actual settlers, and some other but slight exceptions, together with the pecuniary claims of the State upon the United States, as a foundation for the construction of a railroad from Mattawamkeag to Houlton, and on to the eastern boundary of the State, to the amount Of $5,000 per mile. At that time no railway was running to Mattawamkeag. On the 20th of March, 1 860, the Legislature gave authority to the city of Bangor to contribute her credit to the building of a road to that point, to the total amount of $850,000, or $r4,ooo a mile, in instalments as each section of ten miles' length should be constructed. A vote of the citi- zens of Bangor, upon the question of granting such aid, was taken March 19, 1862, and was adverse to the pro- posal. Nevertheless, a similar vote afterwards sue- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 19s ceeded ; and the road to and beyond Mattawamkeag is a fixed fact, while that from this place to Houlton is yet a thing of the future. Charters have also been granted to a company lor building a railway from Bangor to Winterpbrt, down the west side of the Penobscot, and another for a road from Bangor to Machias; but both schemes still await the developments of the future. TELEGRAPHS. The Maine Telegraph Company, the first in the State, was incorporated in 1848, and the hne from Bangor to Belfast was completed in the summer of that year. The first telegraphic dispatch from Bangor was sent over this Hne November 23, 1848. A week later communication was had with East Thomaston (now Rockland); and be- fore the year closed the line to Portland was completed. The lines from Portland to Calais, and from Portland to Boston, were connected with it in 1852-53. In 1855 the American Telegraph Company leased the line, and in 1866 it was purchased by the Western Union Company. Communication by telegraph is now had to all points. The dispatches from Europe, by the Atlantic cable, pass through Bangor. CHAPTER XVI. THE BENCH AND BAR OF PENOBSCOT. BY HON. JOHN E. GODFREY, OF BANGOR. The Supreme Judicial Court — Attorney-Generals for the County — The Circuit Court of Common Pleas — The Court of Common Pleas of the State of Maine — The District Court — Clerks of the Courts- Probate Court — Names of Judges and Registers of the Court — The Court of Sessions — County Commissioners' Court — Names of Com- missioners — Bangor City Courts: iVIunicipal — The Police Court — Municipal Court again — And again the Police Court — County At- torneys — Sheriffs — Roll of Members of the Penobscot Bar — Gover- nor Washburn's Eulogy — Some Good Stories — Hon. John Apple- ton, LL. D. — Hon. Joshua W. Hathaway — Hon. Jonas Cutting, LL. D.— Hon. Edward Kent, LL. D.— Hon. John A. Peters— Hon. David Perham — Hon. Frederick H. Allen — Hon. Samuel E. Dut- ton — Hon. William D, Williamson — Hon. Dauiel Sanbo.m — Hon. Enoch Brown — Hon. John Godfrey— James Godfrey — Hon, Thomas A. Hill — Hon. Thornton McGaw — Hon. Charles Stetson — Charles P. Stetson— Hon. Samuel F. Humphrey — Hon. Henry C. Goode- now— Hon. Israel Washburn — Hon. Harris M. Plaisted — Hon. Elisha H. Allen— Hon. Albert G. Jewett— Hon. Allen Gilman— Peleg Chandler— Hon. William Abbot— Hon. Hannibal Hamlin— Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin— General Charles Hamlin— Hon. Albert G. Wakefield— Hon. Henry E. Prentiss— Hon. Josiah Crosby — Hon. Lewis Barker— Hon. Thomas W. Vose — Oliver Leonard — Jacob McGaw— George Starrett— Charles Gilman— James S. Rowe -Jonathan P. Rogers— Samuel Gamsey— Theophilus P. Chandler- George B. Moody— George W. IngersoU— William T. Hilliard— Nathaniel Wilson— William H. McCrillis— Moses L. Appleton— Frederick H. Appleton— Albert W. Paine— Frederick Hobbs— Na- than Weston, jr.— Thomas J. Copeland— William C. Crosby— David Barlcer — Ichabod D. Bartlett — Matthias Weeks — Marcellus Emery — Henry L. Mitchell — Charles A. Bailey^ohn A. Blanchard — T. F. McFadden — Genejal John F. Appleton — William A. Blake — John H. Hilliard — ^Joshua Hill — Francis Eugene Bond — Colonel Jasper Hutchings — Horace B. Chamberlain — George W. Whitney — James W. Donigan — James H. Burgess — Abraham Sanborn — Franklin A. Wilson — Joseph C. Wilson — Lewis A. Barker — Louis C. Stevens. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT. As originally constituted, in 1820, this court consisted of one chief justice and two associates. The tenn of the office of the judge was during good behavior, but not beyond the age of seventy years. Under the Constitu- tion and law, as it then stood, the judges appointed were: Hon. Prentiss Mellen, LL. D., of Portland, chief justice; Hons. William P. Preble, of Portland, and Nathan Weston, jr., of Augusta, justices. Judge Preble resigned June 18, 1829, and on June 25, 1829, Hon. Albion K. Parris, of Portland, was ap- pointed. On the nth of October, 1834, Chief Justice Mellen's term of ofifice ended by constitutional limitation, and October 22, of the same year, Hon. Nathan Weston was appointed chief justice, and the Hon. Nicholas Emery, of Portland, was appointed associate. Judge Parris resigned August 20, 1836, and on Sep- tember 23, 1836, Hon. Ether Shepley, of Saco, was ap- pointed associate. Under an amendment of the Constitution, pursuant to a resolve of the Legislature of March 14, 1849, the term of all judicial officers was limited to seven years. Judge Emery's term expired October 21, 1841, and on October 23, 1841, John S. Tenney, of Norridgewock, was appointed associate; C. T. Weston's term having ex- pired on October 21, 1841. On December 10, 1841, Ezekiel Whitman, of Port- land, was appointed chief justice. July 22, 1847, by an act of the Legislature, the num- ber of associate justices was increased to three, and on September 28, 1847, Samuel Wells, of Portland, was ap- pointed associate justice. The court, as then constituted, consisted of Hon. Ezekiel Whitman, LL. D., chief justice ; Hons. Ether Shepley, John S. Tenney, Samuel Wells, justices. Judge Whitman resigned October 23, -1848, and on the same day Ether Shepley was appointed chief justice, and Joseph Howard, of Portland, associate. The court then was: Hon. Ether ShejDley, LL. D., chief justice; Hons. John S. Tenney, LL. D., Samuel Wells, Joseph Howard, justices. April 9, 1852, the Legislature passed an act abolishing the district courts, and transferred their jurisdiction to the Supreme Judicial Court, adding to that tribunal three more justices. The three additional justices were ap- pointed May II, 1852, and were Richard D. Rice, of Augusta; Joshua W. Hathaway, and John ApjDleton, of Bangor. The court then stood : Hon. Ether Shepley, LL. D., chief justice; Hons. John Sewall Tenney, LL. D., Samuel Wells, Joseph Howard, Richard D. Rice, Joshua W. Hathaway, John Appleton, justices. March 31, 1854, Judge Howard resigned, and on 196 HISTORY_OF^PENOBSCOT COUNTY/ MAINE. April 20, 1854, Jonas Cutting, of Bangor, was appointed to the vacancy. March 16, 1855, an act was passed providing for the appointment of an additional justice, and, on May 6th, Seth May, of Winthrop, was appointed. By this act it was provided that four justices, including the chief jus- tice, should be designated from the members of the court, for the purpose of hearing and determining all questions of law and equity, and for the trial of capital ofTenses. The members designated were: Hon. Ether Shepley, LL. D., chief justice; Hons. John S. Tenney, LL. D., Richard D. Rice, John Appleton. Judge Shepley's term expired October 22, 1855, and Judge Tenney was appointed chief justice. The court, as then organized, was: Hon. John S. Tenney, LL. D. chief justice; Hons. Richard D. Rice, Joshua W. Hath- away, John Appleton, Jonas Cutting, Seth May, Daniel Goodenow, associates. April 9, 1856, this law was repealed as to its main fea- tures, and the number of justices was to be reduced to seven in all, when a vacancy should occur. The number of eight justices, however, was retamed by an enactment in 1857, which was incorporated into the Revised Statutes. The justices appointed, since the appointment of Judge May, have been Woodbury Davis,* of Portland ; Daniel Goodenow,t of Alfred; Edward Kent, of Ban- gor, appointed May 11, 1859, and re-appointed May 11, 1866; Jonathan G. Dickerson,J of Belfast; Edward Fox,§ of Portland; Charles W. Walton, of Portland; William G. Barrows,|| of Brunswick; Charles Danforth,1I of Gardiner; Rufus P. Tapley,** of Saco; William Wirt Virgin,tt of Portland; John A. Peters, of Bangor,- ap- pointed May 20, 1873, re-appointed in May, 1880; Artemas Libbey,t| of Augusta; and Joseph W. Sy- monds,§§ of Portland. Judge Shepley held the office of chief justice until October 22, 1855, when Judge Tenney was appointed chief justice. He held the office until October 23, 1862, when Judge Appleton was appointed chief justice; and the court as now constituted is: Hon. John Apple- ton, LL. D., chief justice; Hon. Charles W. Walton, Hon. William G. Barrows, LL. D., Hon. Charles Dan- forth, Hon. ^yilliam Wirt Virgin, Hon. John A. Peters, Hon. Artemas Libbey, Hon. Joseph W.Symonds, justices. All the justices have, at different times, attended the courts in Bangor; but the nisi priiis terms in Penobscot county have been mainly held since Judge Appleton came upon the bench, by either himself, Judge Hatha- way, Judge Cutting, Judge Kent, or Judge Peters. Occa- sionally some other judge has presided. •Appointed October lo, 1855; removed April, 1856; re-appointed February 25, 1857; resigned 1865. +Appointed October, 1855. JAppointed October 24, 1862; re-appointed 1869. §Appointed October, 1862; resigned 1863. llAppointed March, 1863; re-appointed 1870, 1877. ^Appointed January, 1864; re-appointed January, 1871. ••Appointed December 2r, 1865. 't'+Appoimed December, 1872. JJAppointed April 24, 1875. §§Appointed October 16, 1878. THE ATTORNEY-GF.NERALS OF THE STATE, from Penobscot county have been : 1832— Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor. 1844 — Wyman B. S. Moore, of Bangor. 1848 — Samuel H. Blake, of Bangor. i860 — George W. IngersoU, of Bangor. 1864 — John A. Peters, of Bangor. 1873 — Harris M. Plaisted, of Bangor. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. This court was organized by the Massachusetts Legisla ture in 1811, as the "Circuit Court of Common Pleas." There were three circuits, the third comprising the coun- ties of Hancock and Washington. The judges appointed for this circuit by Governor Gary were : Hon. William Crosby, of Belfast, chief justice; Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, and Hon. James Campbell, of Harrington, ■ justices. Only the chief justice of this court was a lawyer. The members of the Bar in Hancock county in 1811 who practiced in this court were: Abbot, William, Castine. Brown, Enoch. Hampden. Crosby, William, Belfast. Dutton, Samuel E., Bangor. Oilman, Allen, Bangor. Hale, Thomas E. Jones, Arcliibald, Frankfort. Little, Samuel, Bucksport. Nelson, Job, Castine. Samuel M. Pond, Bucksport.* Whiting, Samuel K., Bangor. Angier, Oakes, Belfast. Chapman, George T., Hampdea Deane, John G. , Ellsworth. Field, Bohan P., Belfast. Godfrey, John, Hampden. Herbert, George, Ellsworth. Leonard, Oliver, Ortington. McGaw, Jacob, Bangor. Pike, John. Washburn, Philo H., Frankfort. Williamson, William D., Bangor. Wilson, John, Belfast. After the county of Penobscot was incorporated, February 15, 1816, this court held sessions in Bangor, The first session was held in the old court-house, at the corner of Hammond and Columbia Streets, on the first Tuesday of July, 1816; the next on the second Tuesday of November; the third on the second Tuesday of March, 181 7; the fourth on the first Tuesday of July, 181 7. After this the courts were held on the third Mon- day of September, first Monday of January, and second Monday of May, annually, until January, 1822, inclu- sive, when there was a new organization of the court, as the Court of Common Pleas of the State of Maine. At the sessions of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, Chief Justice Crosby was always present, the other jus- tices not always. After September, 1819, Judge Kinsley was not present at any of the sittings of the court. The Clerk of the Court was Thomas Cobb, Esq. Governor King appointed to the Bench of the Court of Common Pleas for all the State: Hon. Ezekiel Whitman, of Portland, Chief Justice; Hon. Samuel E, Smith, of Wiscasset, and Hon. David Perham, of Brewer, Justices. The first session of the court in Bangor was held on the third Tuesday of June, in the year 1822. Judges Stmith and Perham were present. The court continued to exist until its session in January, 1839, which was its last. Judge Perham presided at much the larger part of the sessions. It was seldom there was more than one •Then Buckstown. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 197 Judge upon the Bench at the same session. Occasion- ally the Chief Justice presided, sometimes with another Justice. When Judge Smith held the office of Gover- nor, in 1831 to 1834, Judge John Ruggles, of Thomas- ton, was appointed to the vacancy. In 1834 Judge Rug- gles went to the United States Senate, and Judge Smith was re-appoitited. THE DISTRICT COURT. By an act of the Legislature passed February 25, 1839, the Court of Common Pleas was abolished, and the Dis- trict Court established with similar jurisdiction, though the number of Justices was enlarged, and the State was divided into three jtidicial districts, the Western, Middle, and Eastern. To the Eastern District, embracing the counties of Penobscot, Waldo, Hancock, Washington, and Piscataquis, were assigned two judges; to each of the other districts, one. All of the Judges, however, were authorized to hold the courts in any of the coun- ties. The Judges appointed were : Hon. Daniel Good- enow, of Alfred, for the Western District: Hon. Asa Redington, jr., of Augusta, for the Middle District; Hon. Frederick H. Allen, of Bangor, and Hon. Anson G. Chandler, of Calais, for the Eastern District. The first term of the District Court was held by Judge Chandler, on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1839. Judge Allen retired from the Bench in 1843, ^"^ Hon. Joshua W. Hathaway, of Bangor, was appointed Judge of that court, and held the last term in January, 1852. After the District Court was abolished Judge Hathaway was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, May II, 1852. CLERKS OF COURT. The Clerks of the Courts in the county since 18 16 have been: Thomas Cobb from r8i6 to January 3, 1821, inclusive Isaac Hodsdon, of Corinth ... . to October, 1836, inclusive Elliot Vaughan {pro tern. ) to January, 1837. Charles Stetson, of Bangor to January 3, 1838, inclusive James Adams, of Exeter to October 3, 1838, inclusive Charles Stetson, of Bangor to January 3, 1841, inclusive Isaac S. Whitman, of Bangor. . to January 3, 1842, inclusive William T. Hilliard, of Oldtown to October 3, 1853, inclusive Nathan Weston, jr., of Orono.. to October 3, 1858, inclusive Augustus S. French, of Dexter.. to October 3, 1864, inclusive Ezra C. Brett, of Oldtown to October 3, 1876, inclusive James H. Burgess, of Winn to October 3, 1879, inclusive Ruel Smith, of Bangor elected for three years from January, 1880 PROBATE COURT. The Probate Court for the county of Penobscot was established in 1816. ' The first term was held June 24th of that year; the last, July 3, 1820. After the separation of Maine from Massachusetts the court was re-organized. The following were the officers of the court : Judges. — Hon. Samuel E. Dutton,of Bangor, from 1816 to 1820; Hon. David Perham, of Brewer, from 1820 to ' 1822; Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, from 1822 to 1825; Hon. William D. Williamson, of Bangor, from 1825 to 1840; Hon. Samuel Coney, of Oldtown, from 1840 to 1847; Hon. Ebenezer Oilman Rawson, of Ban- gor, from 1847 to, and including, 1854; Hon. Daniel Sanborn, of Bangor, from 1854 to, and including, 1856; Hon. John E. Godfrey, of Bangor, from 1856 to, and including, 1880; Hon. Elliot Walker, of Newport, from 1880 to this time. Until 1840 the tenure of the office of judge, under the Constitution, was limited (during good behavior) by the seventieth year of the age of the incumbent. From 1840 to 1856 the tenure of the office was for seven years. After 1856 Judges and Registers of Probate held their offices for four years, and were elected by the people on the second Monday of September prior to January, when the tenure of the office commenced. Judge Dutton's term was limited by the re-organiza- tion of the court; Judge Perham's by his appointment as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; Judge Kins- ley's by the age of seventy years; Judge Williamson's by an amendment of the Constitution limiting the tenure to seven years; Judge Coney's by the limitation of seven years; Judge Rawson's by the same limitation; Judge Sanborn's by the amendment of the Constitution mak- ing the office elective; and Judge Godfrey's by the expi- ration of the term succeeding his sixth election by the people. Prior to 1857 the offices of judge and register were held by executive appointment. Register Allen Gilman, Esq., of Bangor from 1816 to i8zo Register Alexander Savage, Esq., of Bangor from 1820 to 1836 Register Mason S. Palmer, Esq., of Corinth to 1841 Register Henry V. Poor, Esq., of Bangor to 1842 Register John Williams, Esq., of Bangor 101850 Register James F. Rawson, Esq., of Bangor to 1854 Register Henry P. Haynes, Esq., of Corinth to 1857 Register Joseph Bartlett, Esq., of Bangor to his death, 1870 Register Ambrose C. Flint, Esq., of Bangor to 1879 Probably no court ever had a more efficient and valu- able clerical officer than Mr. Flint. Being a good writer, his records are clearly, correctly, and systematically kept; all his duties are faithfully attended to. In office hours always at his post, always diligent, always pleasant and accommodating, and always ready to give assistance and information, whether it comes within the scope of his duty or not. He is a universal favorite with all hav- ing business in the probate office, of whatever complex- ion in politics or religion. He is an officer in regard to whom the civil service rule should be held strictly inviolate. Register John F. Robinson, Esq., of Lincoln present incumbent. Mr. Robinson very wisely continues Mr. Flint in the office. THE COURT OF SESSIONS. Prior to the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, this court, which had general jurisdiction in regard to highways and other county matters, was held in the county of Penobscot, beginning in July, 1616. It was designated as the Court of Common Pleas, sitting as a Court of Sessions. At this session, held on the first Tuesday of July, and at all subsequent sessions until 1819, the court had associated with it two justices of the peace of the county. The first session was held by Hon. William Crosby, chief justice ; Hon. Martin Kins- ley, justice; Moses Patten, Esq., Moses Greenleaf, Esq., sessions justices. After the session held on the last Tuesday of June, 1 98 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 1819, under the Commonwealth, the court was organized simply as the Court of Sessions, and the justices were: Hon. Enoch Brown, chief justice; Moses Patten, Esq., Moses Greenleaf, Esq., justices. This organization continued until the first term, in September, 1820, when Hon. Enoch Brown, chief jus- tice, and Isaac Hodsdon, Esq., held the court, which con- tinued thus constituted until the May term of 1831, when Hon. Enoch Brown, chief justice, and Ephraim Goodale, Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates, constituted the court. The court thus continued until September, 1822, when Seba French, Esq., and Ephraim Goodale, Esq., held the court. In March, 1823, the court was: Hon. John God- frey, chief justice; Seba French, Esq., Ephraim Good- ale, associates ; and thus continued through the Decem- ber term, 1824. At the April term, 1825, the court was: Hon. Amos Patten, chief justice ; Ephraim Goodale, Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates ; and so continued through December, 1826. At the April term, 1827, the court was: Hon. Edward Kent, chief justice; Ephraim Goodale, Esq., Seba French, Esq., associates ; and so continued throtigh the December term, 1828. At the April term, 1829, the court was : Hon. Thomas A. Hill, chief justice; Seba French, Esq., Ephraim Goodale, Esq., associates; and so contmued through the Decem- ber term, 1830. At the April term, 1831, the court was: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, chief justice, and Ephraim Good- ale, Esq., associate. COUNTY commissioners' COURT. An act was passed by the Legislature March 10, 1831, substituting for the Court of Sessions three suitable per- sons as County Commissioners — one to be designated as Chairman by his Commission — and all to hold their offices for four years, unless sooner removed hy the Gov- ernor and Council. They were commissioned by the Governor, with the consent of the Council. The act went into effect May 16, 1831. The Commissioners ap- pointed were: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, Chairman; Hons. Ephraim Goodale and Joseph Kelsey, associates; and they held the Septembei term, 1831, and continued until the April term, 1833, when the Court was: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, Chairman; Hons. Joseph Kelsey and George Waugh, associates; and continued until the April term, 1834, when the court was: Hon. Thomas A. Hill, Chair- man; Hons. George Waugh and William R. Lowney, as- sociates; and continued until 1835, when the court was: Hon. Thornton McGaw, Chairman; Hons. George Waugh and William R. Lowney, associates; and continued until 1837, when Hon. Ebenezer G. Rawson, Chairman; Hons. William R. Lowney and Joshua Chamberlain, jr., asso- ciates, composed the court, and continued until 1838, when Hon. Samuel Butman, Chairman ; Hons. Ebenezer Webster and William C. Hammatt, associates, composed the court, and continued until 1839, when Hon. Fred- erick A. Fuller, Chairman ; Hons. Joshua Chamberlain, jr., and Edmund Pilsbury, associates, composed the court and continued until 1841, when Hon. Samuel Butman Chairman; Hons. William C. Hammatt and Aaron A. \\'ing, associates, composed the court, and continued until 1842, when Hon. Daniel Emery, Chairman; Hons. Gilman M. Burleigh and Amzi Libbey, associates, com- posed the court until 1844, when the Governor ceased to appoint. The Legislature of 1844 amended the law and provided that the Commissioners should be elected by the people, the Chairman to be designated by the Commissioners. Of the three Commissioners, the one having the highest number of votes was to hold for three years ; the one having the next highest number was to hold for two years, the one having the lowest number for one year. After the first election, a commissioner waste be elected each succeeding year. The following Com- missioners have been elected under this act: — 1844 — Hon. Rufus Gilmore (for three years), Chairman, Hon. John Dunning (for one year). Hon. Jacob W. Stinchfield (for two years). Hon. Jacob W. Stinchfield, Chairman for 1845. Hon. Rufus Gilmore. 1845 — Hon. Noah Barker, Chairman in 1847. 1844 — Hon. Rufus Gilmore, Chairman for 1846. 1846 — Hon. Thomas CBurlefgh, Chairman for 1848. 1847 — Hon. Joseph W. Eaton, Chairman for 1849. 1848 — Hon. Luther Wadleigh, Chairman for 1850. 1849 — Hon. Joseph Porter, Chairman for 1851. 1850 — Hon. Hiram Ruggles, Chairman for 1852. 1851 — Hon. Augustus S. French, Chairman for 1853. 1852 — Hon. John Dow, Chairman for 1855. 1853 — Hon. Alvin Haynes, Chairman for 1854. 1854 — Hon. Daniel M. Haskell, Chairman for 1856. 1855 — Hon. Lore Alford, Chairman for 1857. 1856 — Hon. John H. Hinckley, Chairman for 1858. 1857 — Hon. Gorham Davis, Chairman for 1859. 1858 — Hon. John H. Patten, Chairman for i860. 1859 — Hon. Jacob L. Barker, Chairman for 1861. i860 — Hon. Solomon Dunning, Chaiiinan for 1862. 1861 — Hon. Thomas S. Ranney, Chairman for 1863. 1862 — Hon. John S. Patten, Chairman for 1864. 1863 — Hon. Campbell Bachelder, Chairman for 1865. 1864— Hon. Lore Alford, Chairman for 1866. 1865 — Hon. Asahel W. MciMahon, Chairman for 1867 1866 — Hon. Simon G. Jerrard, Chairman for 1868. 1867 — Hon. Alfred O. IngersoU, Chairman for 1869. 1868 — Hon. Josiah S. Bennoch, Chairman for 1870. 1869 — Hon. Israel B. Norcross, Chairman for 1871. 1870 — Hon. Francis A. Reed, Chairman for 1872. 1871 — Hon. Jesse Hinks, Chairman for 1873. i872^Hon. Simon G. Jerrard, Chairman for 1874. 1873 — Hon. William H. Chesley, Chairman for 1875. 1874 — Hon. Benjamin B. Thomas, Chairman for 1876. 1875 — Hon. Willard B. Ferguson, Chairman for 1877. 1876 — Hon. Hiram Stevens, Chairman for 1878. 1877 — Hon. John Kimball, Chairman for 1879. 1878 — Hon. George B, Leavitt, Chairman for 1880. 1879 — Hon. Joseph W. Eaton, Chairman for 1881. 1880 — Hon. Joseph W. Burke. 1880 — Hon. Henry W. Briggs. BANGOR CITY COURTS— MUNICIPAL. This court, which had concurrent jurisdiction with the justices courts of the county, was established soon after the adoption of the city charter, in March, 1834. The ofiScers were appointed by the Governor — Hon. Charles Stetson, judge; Reuben S. Prescott, esq., recorder. Judge Stetson held the office nearly three years, when he was appointed clerk of the court. The Governor appointed to succeed him, in February, 1837, Hon. Samuel Farrar, judge, who held the office until October, 1837, when the Governor appointed Hon. John McDonald judge. He held the office until May, 1839, when a court called HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 199 THE POLICE COURT was established instead of the Municipal Court, which ceased to exist by the repeal of the provision of the city charter establishing it. In 1838, Recorder Prescott was displaced, and Samuel Morison, Esq., was appointed re- corder: - In January, 1839, Mr. Prescott was again ap- pointed recorder, and held the office until May, 1839. The judge appointed to the police court was Hon. Gus- tavus G. Cushman. The recorder of this court seems to have been an estray. His name does not appear. A person competent to judge, who examined the records, says: "It would be safe to assert that a more uneven, dis- orderly, uncomely, straggling, bushwhacking set of judi- cial dockets is not to be found in any civilized commu- nity during any seven years of its court history. Evidently the recorder's talent did not lie in his clerical habits and tastes. His penmanship, like the manner of some men when under excitement, partook more of the fortiter in re than of the suaviter in modo."* On one occasion there were before Judge Cushman, as opposing counsel, those eminent lawyers, Albert G. Jewett and the late Judge Cutting. Mr. Jewett by one of his exasperating ebullitions disturbed the equanimity of Mr. Cutting, who retorted by threatening to kick him down stairs. "Mr. Cutting! Mr. Cutting!" was the sharp rebuke of the court. "With your honor's leave," said Mr. Cutting, submis- sively; and the court was mollified. Judge Cushman held the office of judge seven years, and was succeeded by Hon. Spencer A. Pratt, judge, an undemonstrative but u[)right magistrate. His term ex- pired in May, 1853, when he was succeeded by Hon. John L. Hodsdon, judge, "who discharged the duties of the office with ability and dispatch" until June, 1855. Then a new court went into operation, established by an act of March 17, 1855, which provided for an appeal to a jury, which might be summoned at the instance of the party appealing, also for four legular jury terms in the course of a year. This court bore the name of MUNICIPAL COURT, and the officers appointed by the Governor were Hon. Alpheus Lyon, judge, Benjamin F. Mudgett, Esq., re- corder. This court, "during its short career of nine months, did efficient and satisfactory work." It was pre- sided over with dignity and impartiality, and its juries were remarkable for intelligence and business capacity. This court was not only efficient but was reputed to be self-sustaining, notwithstanding which, on February 28, 1836, by an act of the Legislature it was made to give place to a court called the POLICE COURT. ^ By an amendment, March 14, i856,a recorder was given this court. Under an amendment of the Constitution the office of judge had become elective by the citizens, to hold for four years. At the annual election the citi- * These were simply the docket records. The extended records were n another hand, and are legible, neat, and systematic. zens gave their suffi-ages m favor of Hon. Spencer A. Pratt, judge. The Governor appointed Colby A. Jordan, Esq., recorder. He held the office until January, 1857, when Hon. Alpheus Lyon was appointed recorder. Judge Lyon held this office by five successive appointments for twenty years, during which period he performed its duties with eminent success. At the age of eighty-six, when his, eye had become dim, but otherwise "his natural force but little' abated, he declined to be a candidate for re-ap- pointment." During this period the incumbent of'the judge's office by election was Hon. Spencer A. Pratt until i860, when the people elected Hon. Samuel F. Hum- phrey judge. Judge Humphrey was re-elected in 1864, and held the office until 1868, when the people elected Hon. Whiting S. Clark judge. Judge Clark was re- elected in 1872, and resigned in 1873. He was suc- ceeded in May of that year by Hon. Henry C. Goodenow, judge. During his judgeship the Constitution was again amended, and provided that municipal judges should be appointed by the Governor. At the expiration of four years Judge Goodenow was appointed by the Governor, and held the office until December 22, 1880, when he resigned, and the Governor appointed Hon. Ezra C. Brett jiidge, and he now holds the position. In Janu- ary, 1877, the Governor appointed to succeed Judge Lyon Nathan L. Perkins, Esq., recorder, and he is the present incumbent, having been re-appointed. COUNTY ATTORNEYS. Jacob McGaw, Bangor, from 1816 to 1821. John Godfrey, Bangor, from 1825 to 1832. Albert G. Jewett, Bangor, from 1832 to 1838. William H. McCriUis, Bangor, during 1838. Charles C. Cushman, Bangor, during 1839 and 1840. George B. Moody, Bangor, during 1841. Charles C. Cushman, Bangor, during 1841 and 1842. Gorham Parks, Bangor, in 1843, 1844, and 1845. Isaiah Waterhouse, Newport, from 1845 to 1852. Asa Waterhouse, Bangor, duripig 1852. John Burnham, Lincoln, from 1852 to 1856. John H. Hilliard, Oldtown, from 1856 to 1859. Charles C. Crosby, Bangor, from 1859 to 1862. Charles P. Stetson, Bangor, from 1862 to 1874. Jasper Hutchings, Brewer, from 1874 to 1880. Benjamin H. Mace, Bangor, from 1880 to this time. SHERIFFS. Jedediah Herrick, Hampden, from 1816 to 1822. Royal Criark, Bangor, to 1826. John Wilkins. Bangor, to 1829^ Daniel Wilkins, Charleston, to 1836. Joshua Carpenter, Bangor, to 1837. Otis Small, Bangor, to 1838. J. Wingate Carr, Bangor, to 1839. Hastings Strickland, Bangor, to 1843. Jabez True, Bangor, to 1851. John S. Chadwick, Bangor, to 1854. Francis W. Hill, E.\eter, to 1855.. Charles D. Gilmore, Bangor, to i86i. John S. Chadwick, Bangor, to 1865. John H, Wilson, Bangor, to 1875. . Simon G. Jerrard, Bangor, to 1879. Lewis F. Stratton, Lincoln, to this time THE MEMBERS OF THE BAR of Penobscot County, as nearly as they could be ascer- tained from 1820 up to October, 1881, have been as fol- lows; HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. [Vindicates dead; r, removed from the county.] rf Abbot, William, Bangor. rf Adams, James, Exeter. ' rfAdditon, B. C. Bangor. d Agry. David, Oldtown. Allen. Elisha H., Bangor. i/ Allen, Frederick H., Bangor. r Andrews, H. H., Bangor. d Angier, George C, Bangor. Appleton, John, Bangor. rfAppleton, John F., Bangor. d Appleton, Moses L., Bangor. r Bachelder, George W., Bangor. Bailey, Charles A., Bangor. d Barker, David, E.\eter. Barker, Lewis, Bangor. Barker, Lewis A. , Bangor. d Bartlett, Ichabod D., Bangor. d Bartlett, Thomas, jr., Bangor, r Belcher, Samuel, Orono. Bell, John L, Carmel. Benjamin, S. E., Patten. r Bennett, Milo M., Bangor. Benson, John L, Newport. Blake, Edward A., Bangor. Blake, Samuel H., Bangor. Blanchard, John A., Oldtown. a Bond, Francis E., Bangor. Bonine, , Bangor. Bradbury, Albion P., Eddington. Brett, Ezra C, Bangor. Brett, Victor, Bangor. Briggs, Andrew H., Bangor, r Brinley, Francis F., Bangor. d Brown, Augustus J., Bangor. Brown, Charles P. Bangor. d Brown, Enoch E., Bangor. d Brown, Enoch, Bangor. r Brown, George W., Bangor. d Brown, TheodoreS., Bangor. r Bryant, Nahum F., Bangor. Burgess, James H., Corinna. r Burnham, John, Lincoln. Carr, Joseph, Bangor. if Chamberlain, Horace B., Bangor. d Chandler, Peleg, Bangor. r Chandler, Theophilus P., Bangor. Chapman, A. J., Bangor. Clark, W. C, Lincoln. r Clark, Whitney S., Bangor. r Clement, H. F., Bangor. Clergue, F. H. , Bangor. - Mudgett, Benjamin F., Bangor. d Norton, Milford P., Bangor. r Nutter, Charles C, Bangor. Paine, Albert W., Bangor. r Paine, T. B., Bangor. d Paine, William, Bangor. r Parker, Frederick, Bangor. r Parks, Rufus, Bangor. r Perkins, Joseph H., Bangor, if Perley, Jeremiah, Orono. Plaisted, Harris M., Bangor. r Piper, Martin V. B. , Bangor, if Poor, John A., Bangor. Powers, Don H. , Newport. Pratt, Spencer A., Bangor, r Prentiss, Addison, Lee. if Preston, Warren, Bangor. d Palmer, Andrew T., Bangor. r Parks, Gorham, Bangor. if Perham, David, Bangor. Perkins, Nathan L., Bangor. Peters, John A. , Bangor. Pierce, T. H. B., Dexter. r Plummer, Stanley, Bangor. 7- Poor, Henry v., Bangor. r Pratt, George W. , Dexter. PrAle, Hiram J., Bangor, if Prentiss, Henry E., Bangor. r Randall, A. J., Passadumkeag. d Rawson, Ebenezer G., Bangor. Rawson, James F., Bangor. r Rice, John H., Bangor. rRoberts, Charles P., Bangor. Robinson, John F., Bangor. if Robinson, Silvanus W., Bangor. d Rogers, Jonathan P., Bangor. Rowe, James S., Bangor. Sanborn, Abraham, Bangor. Sanborn, Daniel, Bangor, r Seaman, James M., Hampden. Seavey, W. F., Bangor. Sewall, George P., Oldtown. Sewall, George T., Oldtown. rShaw, Frederick E., Bangor. if Shepley, George F., Bangor. Simpson, A. L. , Bangor. if Smith, Augustus C, Bangor. Smith, Bert L., Bangor. Smith, Ruel, Bangor. Sprague, Volney A., Dexter. Sprague, M., Dexter, if Starrett, George, Bangor. Stearns, Lewis C, Springfield. Stetson, Charles, Bangor. Stetson, Charles P. , Bangor. Stetson, Edward, Bangor. r Stevens, Thomas H., Bangor. Towle, E. B., Winn. if Upton, Francis H., Bangor. Varney, John, Bangor. Wakefield, Albert G., Bangor Waldron, L. B. , Dexter. if Walker, Asa, Bangor. Walker, Elliot, Newport. if Walker, William L., Newport. r Warren, A. S., Hampden. if Warren, Henry, Bangor. Warren, J. D., Bangor. rWashbum, Israel, Jr., Orono. if Waterhouse, Asa, Bangor. if Waterhouse, Isaiah, Bangor, if Weeks, Matthias, Orono. Weston, George M., Bangor. Weston, Nathan, Jr., Bangor. if Whitney, George W., Newport, if Whiting, Samuel K., Bangor. if Wiggin, Benjamin, Jr., Bangor. d Wilcox, George W., Dixmont. r York, Waldo P., Bangor. [governor Washburn's eulogy. At the Orono Centennial in 1874, at which Ex- Governor Israel Washburn, formerly a lawyer in that place, pronounced the principal address, he gave the fol- lowing eulogistic remarks to a member of the attorneys in this list: What a Bar the county of Penobscot could boast thirty or forty years ago ! Some of its members are still in practice in the county; there are upon the bench of our highest court those referred to in the address, and the learned and accomplished Chief Justice Appleton, who, happier than Lord Brougham, knew everything, including law. Of the older lawyers, who were about ready to retire from the courts when I came to this county, and who have since passed away, I re- member the manly form and pleasant features of Jacob McGaw, the early friend and correspondent of Daniel Webster, by whom he was visited in his Bangor home seventy years ago, a lawyer of the old school, patient, faithful, persevering, strong. Allen Oilman, the first Mayor of Bangor, a man of smaller frame than McGaw, but of not less intellectual power; keen, clear, incisive, and indomitable — if sharpof tongue on occasion, warm and generous in heart : William D. Wil- liamson, a lawyer, historian, and politician — like the triune bear he has immortalized, three varieties in one character : William Abbot, tall and angular in body, but of well-proportioned and symmetrical mind, and of incorrigible honesty : John Godfrey, sensible, diligent, and of unspotted integrity : Peleg Chandler, in immense top-boots and with cane in hand, the most noticeable form that walked the Bangor streets for many a year ; his florid eloquence was especially dangerous to de- fendants in actions for breach of promise to marry, and against towns for damages by reason of defective highways; while among those who were then in the bloom and strength of their years, but have since fol- lowed their seniors to the silent land, were Jonathan P. Rogers; . George B. Moody, who was a careful and well, educated lawyer, and no "prentice-hand" at writing political-convention resolutions, and a true gentleman withal, but did not possess the sense of hnir.or thai shone so brightly in his brother in the profession — Thornton McGaWi a gentleman whose memory is a benediction, in whom strong and sav- ing common-sense, culture, and exquisite humor were so admirably HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 201 mixed that one could only see that while all these qualities were present in force, no one was crowded by the others ; and there was another whom I cannot forget, whom it was always good to see and is now pleasant and profitable to remember for his dehghtful companionship and his genuine manliness — Elijah Livermore Hamlin. But these brief reminiscences must not be left without some mention of the Judge in whose court these gentlemen of the green bag were wont to fight their battles and crack their jokes — the Hon. David Per- hara, an industrious man of considerable reading and general informa- tion, slow of speech and impervious to humor; not free, perhaps, from the influence of prejudice, but thoroughly honest. The anecdotes and stories connected with the Court of Common Pleas during the quarter of a century or more that Judge Perham was upon the bench, are in- numerable. Further and more extended notice of these worthies will be found below, from the pen of Judge Godfrey. SOME GOOD STORIES. We desire to add here a number of capital anecdotes of the old time Bench and Bar, given by Governor Wash- burn in the course of his centennial address" One not included is related by Judge Godfrey below: About this time a suit was pending in the Supreme Court of the State, in which the title to the farm of Valentine Page, then occupied by Abram Reed, was involved. It was a suit in equity, John Bennoch.jr., plaintiff, vs. Joseph Whipple, defendant, and, as Mr. Reed, whose testimony in the case was deemed important, was in failing health, his deposition in ferpetuam was taken. The counsel employed were Judge Cutting and the late Hon. William Abbot, of Bangor ; the justices of the peace and quorum, by whom the deposition was taken, were Hon. Theophilus P. Chandler, then of Bangor and now of Boston, and my- self. The place was the house of Reed. Opposite each other at the table were seated the lawyers and the magistrates, one upon a side, as if at whist; Mr. Reed was partly reclining upon a bed, while Mrs. Reed, knitting-work in hand, with eyes and ears open, was sitting demurely in a corner of the room. Many of the questions asked were objected to as leading or otherwise improper, and the answers as illegal and in- admissible, and so earnest discussion on the points was carried on by the lawyers, when, upon one of the justices venturing to make a sug- gestion, the injunction "No talking across the board !" from a shrill, sharp, positive voice in the neighborhood of the knitting needles, brought the contest to a sudden close, and the parties to it to excellent humor. After this the caption proceeded quietly to the end. It was in 1834 or 1835 that a trial was progressing at Bangor, in the Court of Common Pleas, before Hon. David Perham, judge, in which it became necessary to account for the disappearance of a flock of sheep, and an effort was made to identify them with a large number of carcasses that were found in a neighboring barn. An Orono man, who was on the stand as a witness, was closely interrogatedas to the num- ber of bodies. He said there were "a good many," "But how many?" asked the counsel. "O, a big pile." ''How big?" "O, as big as the pen place that fellow sits in up yonder," replied Dudley, pointing to the judge. It was in the same court, and before the same judge, that Henri Van Meter, who lived for many years in the Dudley neighborhood, was ter- ribly badgered by the counsel while he was being examined as a wit-' ness. He had .got so badly mixed up that the judge thought he would help the poor African out of his trouble. " R, r, Mr. Van Buren , was, it r-r — ." "Don't you say a word," e.xpostulated Van Meter, turning to the Court with an expression mildly but earnestly deprecatory, "I have as much as I can attend to with these gentlemen down here." I remember the trial of some one whose name I am unable to recall, before a justice of the peace — Colonel Buffum, probably — for stealing corn from the grist-mill in the village, at which a witness, by the name of Smith, was examined by the counsel for the State, A light snow had fallen during the night of the larceny, and the tracks of a man, leading from the mill were seen in it. Smith had carefully examined ' the tracks to find out if they were made by the prisoner, whose shoes had also been examined , and he said they appeared to him as if they were made by a "man who had about two bushels of corn on his back." While the Bangor Lower Stillwater Mill Company was in the full tide of life — in the summer of 1836 — a son of a Boston merchant and large shareholder in the company, a rather wild boy, was sent down to Orono to be kept out of harm. One day he came into my office, under extreme excitement. "I want to know, " snid he, "if there is any law in this State? I have been most shamefully abused, and I won't stand it. I was in a shoemaker's shop in Mill street, and they all set upon me, and old Johnson called me a — {using an adjective of most distinct blasphemy) fool, and now I want to know if I can't make him prove his words."] HON. JOHN APPLETON, LL. D,, Chief Justice Supreme Judicial Court, was the only son of John and Elizabeth (Peabody) Appleton, born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, July 12, 1804. In his fourth year his mother died, leaving, with himself, a daughter, who married George Gibson and died, leaving one child, Charles A. Gibson, now of Bangor. He attended the schools in New Ipswich, and fitted for college in the academy of that town. He graduated at Bowdoin Col- lege, in the class of 1822, studied law in the office of Charles F. Farley, Esq., of Groton, Massachusetts, and in the office of Nathan Dane Appleton, in Alfred, Maine. In 1826 he was admitted to practice in Amherst, New Hampshire. After admission he came to Dixmont, in this county, where he remained a few months; then went to Sebec (at that time also in this county), where he practiced his profession until 1832, when he'came to "Bangor. Soon after he came to this city he formed a connection in business with Elisha H. Allen. The style of the firm was Allen & Appleton. This connection continued until Mr. Allen was elected to Congress in 1840. The business of this firrn was very large^too large to be profitable, strange as it may seem. For a pe- riod their entry was one hundred and more actions a term, one or other of the parties in each of -which was supposed to be good, but proved, in many cases, to be worthless. The prosperity of the community had been fallacious; the fortunes inade fictitious; and when the law put its grasp upon them, they were so inany puff-balls. Court fees and sheriffs must be paid, and neither creditor nor debtor was disposed or able to respond. But, not- withstanding the unprofitableness of this part of their practice, the part involving questions of law was inuch more satisfactory. The investigation they stimulated placed both members in the front rank of the profession. In i,84r Mr. Appleton was inade Reporter of Decisions, and the nineteenth and twentieth volumes of the Maine Reports bear testimony to the ability with which he per- formed his labor. After .Mr. Allen withdrew from the firm, Mr. Appleton was in copartnership successively with John B. Hill and Moses L. Appleton; and his business was always large. In 1852 the District Court had been abolished, and all the business of that tribunal was transferred to the Su- preme Judicial Court, provision having been made for it by the addition of three more justices to that court. The justices appointed by the Governor were Hon. Richard D. Rice, of Augusta, and Hon. Joshua W. Hathaway and Hon. John Appleton, of Bangor. In 1862 Judge Appleton was made Chief Justice. He was re-appointed in 1869, and again in 1876, when seventy-two years of age. Now, at the age of seventy- seven, his natural vigor appears to be as great as it was at 202 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. seventy-two ; and the indications are that he will be as competent for re-appointment at seventy-nine years of age as he was at seventy-two. He is a ceaseless worker, and it would seem wiih him as if increase of capacity for labor '-had grown by what it fed on." When not hearing cases h.; is in his study, and there is no abatement in the readiness and'steadiness of his pen. He has been longer upon the Bench, disposed of more cases, and written more opinions than any other judge in Maine; and when he has retired, each member of the Bar can say, with verity: " He was a 'judge,' take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again." His name and work as counsel, reporter, or judge, are continuous in the Maine Reports for about a half a cen- tury— from volume nineteen to volume seventy, inclusive. He' has never meddled with politics. He has kept him- self well acquainted with the literature of the day; but the object of his intellectual adoration has been the law. He has written much in relation to the rules of evidence, which was first published in the Jurist, and afterwards col- lected in a separate volume. It is understood that many statutory changes in the law of evidence and in other important branches of jurisprudence are owing to him. Furllier particulars of Judge Appleton's life and services are given in his biography in a subsequent part of this volume. HON. JOSHUA W. HATHAV/AY, Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, was born No vcmber lo, 1797. In i8i6 he entered Dartmouth College, from which he went to Bowdoin. From the latter college he graduated in 1820. He held a high position in his class. After qualifying himself for the practice of law, he opened an office in Blue Hill in 1824. The next spring he removed to Ellsworth, where he ac- quired a large practice and became a leader in the profes- sion. He represented the county of Hancock one year in the State Senate, and came to Bangor in 1847. On the resignation of Judge Allen the next year he was ap- pointed to a seat upon the Bench of the District Court. After that court was abolished in 1852, he was given a scat upon the Bench of the Supreme Court, and held that position until 1859, when he resumed practice at the Bar. He died at the age of sixty-five. Judge Hathaway's reputation as a lawyer was always high, and upon the Bench he administered the law with ability and impartiality. Possessed of great amiability and good sense, he ever avoided unpleasant collision. The B:ir passed eulogistic resolutions at his death, which were presented by Hon. S. H. Blake, who said of him that "in his profession he acquired high rank and a large practice; that as a judge he presided always with dignity and urbanity;" that his published opinions were "remarkably well written," and "distinguished for their clearness, directness, and conciseness;" that his mind seemed naturally "to delight in plain statement, with cnou,.;h or.ly of foliage to relieve without concealing the size and strength of the trunk and limbs. His habits wer.i plain, his tastes were plain, but he had fine culture, and his faculties harmoniously blended in the honest man, the able lawyer, and upright judge." Chief Justice Appleton, in response, paid a high tribute to his worth. He had known him from the days of his college life, at the Bar, in common judicial labor, and in the delights of social intercourse; and in his long and laborious career he did not remember a harsh or unkind word spoken by him, an ungentlemanly expression or a discourteous remark. "He was satisfied with the full di-- charge of his duty, without scattering abroad imputations of fraud or allegations of dishonesty upon parties and upon opposing counsel. His arguments were forcible, though generally brief — for the jury rather than the public— for the cause rather than for display. The duties of judicial life were not irksome to him. Patient in the trial of a cause, he gave ample time to elicit all the facts and the attention necessary for theit just appreciation. . . . Evenly and impartially he held the scales of justice. . . . His kindly nature, his warm affections, his cheerful temper, and his courteous manners, endeared him to his friends. Enemies he had none." JONAS CUTTING, LL. D., Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, was born in Croy- don, New Hampshire, November 3, 1800. He gradu- ated at Dartmouth College, where Rufus Choate was his tutor, in the class of 1823; studied law with Henry Hubbard, in Charlestown, New Hampshire, and with Ruel Williams, Augusta, Maine, and established himself in Orono in 1826. He came to Bangor in 183 1, and formed a business connection with Judge Kent; ihe style of the firm being Kent & Cutting. The practice of this firm was hirge, and its clients of the best character; but the members of the firm were lawyers in the best sense of the terra. The accumulation of money was of secondary importance with them, and they did not be- come rich. Their opinion in the most important cases was always sought and always relied on. Mr. Cutting possessed a keen intellect, and had an ex- tensive reputation as a technical lawyer. All cases sub- mitted to him he examined carefully, and, with his habits of analysis, he was able to give always an opinion satis- factory to his clients, and, in many instances, to ail ihe parties connected with the case. He was not a show lawyer ; he made no flourish in manner or matter. Be- fore a jury he was plain, clear, convincing ; before the court discriminating, direct, and forcible. All listened with attention, and, if not always convinced, were im- pressed by his logical acumen. Such a lawyer could not always remain at the Bar. In 1854 he was elevated to the Bench, and maintained his reputation as a jurist until he retired to private life in 1875. On his retirement the Bar manifested their attachment and respect for him by the presentation of a handsome silver service, accom- panied by a note from the Secretary, F. H. Applet""' Esq., in which he says : "It will be gratifying to you to know, as it is agreeable to me to inform you, that this slight token proceeds from the whole Bar, who, without an exception, by this simple gift desire to bear witness to HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 203 your honorable name, your honest intellect, your ripe learning, your impartial judgment, and to the unstained integrity of your private and official life." At the meet- ing preliminary to the presentation, complimentary reso- lutions, prepared by William H. McCrillis, Frank H. Wilson, and Charles P. Stetson, Esqs., were adopted, and appreciative remarks were made by Mr. McCrillis and Abram Sanborn, Esq., and responded to by Chief Justice Appleton. Judge Culling died in Bangor in August, 1876. The Bar adopted resolutions, which were presented by Albert W. Paine, Esq., in which the expressions in the former resolutions of high respect for Judge Cutting's great learning and integrity were renewed and repeated ; and Judge Kent followed in a strain of eulogy justified by "nearly fifty years of unbroken, uninterrupted, and most unreserved friendship." He said: Political life had no charms for him, and its honors and enticements never seduced him from its chosen path. He fully realized that the law is a jealous jnistress; and he escaped all chiding by constant devotion to his first love. There is one word that better than any other characterizes the man, the magistrate, and the lawyer — integrity. When I say that Judge Cutting was a man of integrity, I mean that he was a man honest in thought, word, and deed, true to himself and his fellow-men. . . The longer I live and the more I see of men, the less I value mere genius, eloquence, or success, and the more I value purity of life, in- tegrity of purpose, and faithfulness in duty. Judge Kent dwelt at length upon the virtues and ex- cellences of his departed friend. Judge Peters re- sponded, affirming all Judge Kent had said, and adding : In character, in manners, in all things, a great excellence was his simplicity (using the word in its highest sense). He was modest at the Bar; he was arrogant nowhere. He presided upon the Bench with ease and simplicity. But nowhere did he display greater simplicity or purity of character than in all the walks of private life. The State will remember Judge Cutting as one of her best jurists. The Bjr will remember him as one of the most learned, laborious, able, and upright ministers of the law who ever sat upon our Bench. And all classes of.men will remember him as the pleasant neighbor, the honest citizen, the wise counsellor, and the good and conscientious judge. Chief Justice Appleton also responded, and said: I entirely and fully agree with him [Judge ICent] in his estimate of our departed brother — a learned, able, impartial, and upright judge. Such with conscientious unanimity was the voice of the Bar, the Bench, and the public; and well may we mourn for one who was almost the last remaining link connecting us with the professional days of our early life. HON. EDWARD KENT, LL. D., Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, youngest son of William Austin Kent, of Concord, New Hamp- shire, was born in that place on the 8th of January, 1802. His father was a native of Charlestown and his mother of Sterling, Massachusetts, she being a sister of Prentiss Melien, the first Chief Justice of the State of Maine. The subject of this notice was educated and graduated at Harvard College in 1821; settled in the » practice of the law at Bangor, Maine, in 1825; was suc- cessively a Representative in the State Legislature, Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions for Penobscot county, Mayor of the city of Bangor, Governor of the State of Maine for two terras, one of the commissioners on the part of Maine to settle the Eastern boundary question, United States Consul for four years at Rio Janeiro, under President Taylor's appointment, and, afier his return to this country, was for fourteen years one of the Judges of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. He received the degree of LL. D. from Waterville College in 1S55, and died in Bangor May 19, 1877, greatly beloved as a genial companion and friend, and universally respected and honored as an able and upright judge, and an honest man. Aside froiTi his Gubernatorial messages and occasional newspaper articles, Judge Kent published liitle but his legal opinions, which are embodied, in successive volumes of the Maine Reports. Judge Kent was twice married — first to Miss Sarah Johnston, daughter of Nathaniel Johnston, Esq., of Hillsborough, New Hampshire. She died in 1853, leav- ing, of several children, but one daughter, since deceased. His last marriage was in 1855, to Miss Abby A. Rockwood, daughter of Rev. Otis Rockwood, formerly of Lynn, Massachusetts. She, and an only child and son, bearing the father's name, aie still living, to honor his memory and mourn his death. In estimating aright the character of Judge Kent, cer- tain salient points, not prominent, though not wholly ig- nored, in his official relations, should not be overlooked. They go far, indeed, in making up the well-rounded life of our departed brother and friend. The most promi- nent of these traits were the openness of his nature, the amenity and kindness of his disposition from his youth up, and his capacity for and appreciation of wit and humor. It may be truly said, without detracting from the weightier points of his character, that he "was not only witty himself, but the cause of wit in others." It was, perhaps, humor rather than wit that he indulged in himself and appreciated the most in others — humor of a chastened kind, rather than that boisterous wit which would "set the table in a roar." A quaint conceit, or happy turn of expression, a play upon words, or verbal pun (which Dr. Johnson unfairly called the meanest kind of wit), would go further with him, dwell in'his memory the longer, and be recalled with more satisfactory enjoy- inent than the ribald jest or the coarse and vulgar anec- dote. When Mr. Kent entered the Legislature he was twenty- six years old. He inade himself conspicuous by resist- ing, against strong party opposition, the incorporation of the town of Argylc and connecting it to the Bangor Representative District, taking the ground that such an act would be a violation of the Constitution, which pro- hibited the alteration of the established representation until the next general apportionment. He was sharply criticized by his opponents, but he adhered to his posi- tion and had the satisfaction afterward of seeing it sus- tained by the Supreme Court. Although the practice of his profession was more or less interrupted for several years by the political positions to which he was elected or appointed, yet his legal knowledge and acumen suffered nothing from the inter- ruption. In 1859 he W£nt upon the Bench of the Su- preme Judicial Court, apparently as well fitted for the 204 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. duties of the judgeship as if his judicial studies had never been disturbed. He was an admirable judge for fourteen years, up to three years beyond the age (seventy) to which the Constitution originally limited the tenure of the office. After leaving the Bench Judge Kent spent a year with his family in travel in Europe. In 1S74 he returned to Bangor and resumed the practice of the law, and was engaged in several important cases between that time and the time of his decease. The last public position he held was that of President of the Convention for the amendment of the Constitution of the State in 1875. Judge Kent was always a favorite with the Bar and with suitors. With his kindness of manner, fondness for home, and happy way of disposing of annoyances, he kept the Court in a state of equiUbriura. At one time an at- torney appealed to him to settle a difference between him and the Clerk in regard to a matter of interest. The Judge inquired what the difference was, and was informed that it was six cents. Taking the trifle from his pocket he handed it to the attorney, and told him that that would settle it. "I don't want your money," the man said; "I want it right." "That makes it right," the Judge replied; "the busi- ness of the Court cannot be interrupted by 'a matter so easily rectified;" and he proceeded with the matter before him. The Maine Reports for half a century contain evidence. of Mr. Kent's ability as a jurist. He was fond of the in- tellectual labor that a thorough acquaintance with the law requires; and, up to within a few weeks of his decease, he was examining decisions and making himself ac- quianted with the recent application of legal principles in novel cases. He was aware when death was approaching, and died hke a philosopher. His sufferings were intense during his last hours, but his pure and consistent hfe had prepared to meet his end as became a Christian with the hope of a happy immortality. The Bar took action at the time of his decease, and passed appropriate resolutions, which may be found in volume LXVI. Maine Reports. The remarks of members of the Bar were sincerely eulogistic. Albert W. Paine, Esq., who presented the resolutions, said: As a politician, though firm and decided in his preferences, he knew no party prejudices. . . .In religious matters he was deeply imbued with the doctrines of liberal Christianity, in the best meaning of the terra— free from all sectarianism. . .As a lawyer he was kind and affable with his clients . . . dis- couraged litigation . . . studied his cases, and left no decisions unexplained, so that truth might be- vindicated and justice done. . . .As a Judge Mr. Kent was by general consent regarded as signally fitted for the place. Mr. McCrillis said : Of commanding form and person, and of great physical strength, he was the gentlest of men; of rare talents, he was the most unassuming aud modest of men. No person, even his most intimate friend, ever heard him claim any merit for himself. Others followed, and Chief Justice Appleton said: At an early day he rose to the highest rank at the Bar. . As a jurist his written judgments will ever command the respect of the profession. While respecting authority, he respected more the great principles upon which authority rests. Calmly, with no disturbing fear, with his intellectual vigor neither dimmed by age nor weakened by disease, trusting in the loving kind- ness of God, he met the fate predestined from the beginning for us all- and we cannot doubt that to him there was the joyful greeting: "Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things; I will make thee ruler over many things; enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." HON. JOHN A. PETERS, Justice of the Supreme' Judicial Court, son of Andrew and Sally (Jordan) Peters, was born in Ellsworth, county of Hancock, on the 9th of October, 1822. He fitted for college at Gorham Academy, and graduated at Yale College, New Haven, in August, 1842. He studied law at the Cambridge Law School, and was admitted to the Bar in Bangor at the October term of the Supreme Judicial Court, m 1844. Mr. Peterswas a diligent and discriininating student, and was well grounded in the principles of his profession when he commenced practice, It was not long before his abilities became known and appreciated. He possessed a fund of humor, popular manners, and imperturbable good na- ture, and made his way in all good time successfully with the jury, the court, and the public. He became a mem ber of the Senate of Maine in 1862, and was continued as such through the year 1863. He became a member of the House of Representatives of his State in 1864, and was Attorney-General during the years 1864, 1865, and 1866. Having become the most popular man in the Fourth Congressional District of Maine, comprising the counties of Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Aroostook, he was elected from that District to the XLth, XLIst, and XLIId Con- gresses, from 1867 to 1873. In the XLth Congress he was upon the Committee of Patents and Public Expendi- tures, and in the succeeding Congresses upon the Com- mittee on the Judiciary, and as Chairman on the part of the House upon the Joint Committee of the Senate and House on the Congressional Library. A vacancy having occurred on the Bench of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State of Maine in May, 1873, Mr. Peters was selected by the Executive for that position. The ap- pointment was concurred in by the Bar and the people as one eminently fit to be made, and on the expiration of his consritutional term of seven years, in May, 1880, he was re-appointed. By his courtesy, impartiality, clear exposition of the law and the facts to the jury, and lucid and accurate opinions. Judge Peters has won an enviable reputation as a judge. HON. DAVID PERHAM, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, was born in Ashley, Massachusetts, February 10, 1780. He was the son of Peter Perham, a descendant of John Perham, who came from England and settled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, in 1666. His mother was a daughter of Samuel Buttrick, of Concord, Massachusetts, and her mother was Dolly Flint, descendant of the family of that name who settled in that vicinity. He received his classical education at Groton Academy, Massachu- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 20S setts. He was a student at law in the office of Messrs. Dana & Richardson, of Groton, and was admitted to practice at the Court of Common Pleas in Middlesex county, in March, 1809. He opened an office in Acton, Massachusetts, but got the spirit of emigration to Maine, and in the summer of 181 1 made his way to Orrington, where he established himself; but in the following year he found himself in Brewer, without having removed at all. In 18 1 2 the town of Brewer was incorporated (taken from Orrington), and Judge Perham was near the southern boundary of the town, in the village at the mouth of the Segeunkedunk Stream, where he had a pleasant residence upon the bank of the Penobscot. He continued in the practice of his profession until the year 1822. In the spring of 18 15 he received a commission from the President of the United States, appointing him the principal Assessor of the Collection District of Massachu- setts, which consisted of the old county of Hancock. He discharged the duties of his office for two years, until the discontinuance of the direct tax, after the year 1816. After the organization of the State, in 1820, he was ap- pointed Judge of Probate of the county of Penobscot, and held this office until 1822. On the organization of the Court of Common Pleas in 1822, he was appointed one of the Judges, and held the office until the court was abolished in 1839. Many anecdotes are related of Judge Perham's court. One is recorded by ex-Governor Washburn. It is this : The "legal wag" from Oldtown demurred to a plea of the "general issue." "On what ground?" inquired the Judge. "Duplicity, your Honor;" a response which pro- voked an ejaculation from the lawyer on the other side and an audible smile from the gentlemen within the bar. "And may it please the Court," continued the counsel, "I beg to say that in this thing I am entirely serious." To which the Judge: "Mr. Sewall, that will not do in this court!" In 1833 he removed to Bangor, where he occupied a brick house built by Rev. Mr. Huntoon, at the corner of Fifth and Cedar Streets, until his decease. After he left the Bench he held the office of Alderman for two years, and discharged the duties of the office with great faith- fulness and ability. Judge Perham was twice married — first, on the 5th of August, 1814, in Acton, Massachusetts, to Betsey Bar- nard; second, to Charlotte Gardner, at Roxbury, Massa- chusetts, October 13, 1830. By his first wife he had a son, who died early, and two daughters, who are living. By his second wife he had no children. Judge Perham was hot a rapid thinker, but he possessed rare good judgment, indomitable industry, great integrity, and singular purity of life. He died in Bangor on May 31, 1845. The editor of the Whig said of him that while he was Alderman he became intimately acquainted with him, and had "never been in the company of any man from whose lips so many lessons of ripe wisdom fell." A committee, of the Penobscot Bar, of whom the present Chief Justice Appleton was chairman, prepared resolutions on the occasion of his death, which were " unanimously adopted." The preamble contains the following just tribute to his worth: — On the Bench he exhibited ever learning, probity of mind, unweary- ing industry, perfect impartiality between suitors, and a careful purpose and anxious desire to administer the law to the promotion of Justice. In his social relations he commanded the respect of all by his kind- ness of disposition, the unassuming familiarity of his manners, the cheerfulness of his conversation, the extent of his general information,, his readiness and ability in the discharge of his duties as a citizen, and the remarkable honesty and uprightness of his intentions. HON. FREDERICK H. ALLEN, Judge of District Court, in 1835-36, was born in New Salem, Massachusetts. He came to Bangor and con- nected himself in a law firm with Messrs. Jacob McGaw and John A. Poor. The style of the firm was McGaw, Allen & Poor, and continued until April 22, 1837, when it expired by limitation. Mr. Allen was a man of fine abilities, a thoroughly read lawyer, a good advocate, and a gentleman. When the District Court was established, in 1840, he was ap- pointed one of the judges for the Eastern District. His colleague was Hon. Anson G. Chandler, of Calais. Judge Allen held the office until 1849, when he retired. As a judge he was dignified, deliberate, impartial, and always courteous. On his retiring the Bar complimented him with a dinner, and passed resolutions which show the esteem in which he was held. They were drawn by George B. Moody, Esq., and affirm that "his administra* tion of the law had been characterized by those qualities which give most lustre to the judicial station-^by ample learning, quick perception, just discrimination, clear ex- position, lucid arrangement of argument, and a compre- hensive grasp of facts^ntellectual merits, aided and illustrated by an unvarying impartiality, and by a per- sonal deportment at once dignified, patient, and courteous, insuring that deference which is the need of the Bench, while it gracefully and kindly yielded the consideration due to suitors, to the officers of the Court, and the Bar." That, in thus recognizing his official merit, they "were not unmindful of his high personal character as a citizen, and the many talents and virtues which have secured to him, in his intercourse vvith society, the attachment, esteem, and respect of his associates and of this com- munity. HON. SAMUEL E. DUTTON, Judge of Probate, was born in Hallowell, Maine, on the 16th. of June, 1744. He was the son of Col- onel Samuel Dutton and Ruth (Edwards) Dutton. His father was the son of John Dutton and Johanna (Crosby) Dutton; and John was the son of Samuel Dut- ton, who came from England in 17 12, and settled in Billerica, Massachusetts. Samuel, having had a good preparatory education, studied law in Hallowell, and closed his course of reading in 1800. He came to Ban- gor early in 1801, and established himself in the profes- sion. His father. Colonel Dutton, came to Bangor a year or two afterward, and purchased the farm a part of which is now the City Farm, where he built a one-story house, which is still standing and is one of the Poor- house buildings. In this house he died in 1807, at the 206 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, age of sixty-three. The son, in 1802-03, built a two- story house on the lot between Main and Summer streets, fronting on Emerson street, a hundred or more feet therefrom. This house he occupied from 1803, most of the time, until 1831, when he died. Samuel E. Button was one of the most prominent citi- zens of Bangor in the early part of the centur_v. He was intrusted by proprietors with the agency of their lands in the county for many years. The town of Dutton (now Glenburn), where some of these lands were, was named for him. He was a good civil engineer, and frequently found occasion to use the compass and chain. In Williamson's History of Belfast, page 608, may be found the following: 1812, April 7. Voted to accept the road from Upper Bridge to meet a road laid out by Samuel E. Dutton, Esq., across the land of Mrs. Swan. He was the first Judge of Probate in the county, from its organization in 1816 to the separation in 1820. He was the first President of the Bangor Bank. He was in- strumental in establishing the first newspaper in Bangor, — the Bangor Weekly Register. A letter frorfi Mr. Peter Edes to him, dated "Augusta, 29th March, 1814," sug- gests that "a printer is wanted at Bath, but his friends advised him, if he "should leave Augusta, to prefer Bangor." "I shall rely solely upon your opinion," he writes, "with respect to the eligibility of the place for a printer, confident that you would not advise me to a measure that you thought would be injurious to me." He wishes a subscription for g. newspaper started, gives hints in regard to a name, etc. As will be seen in the Annals of Bangor, the paper was established in 18/5. Judge Dutton was largely instrumental also in having the permanent location of the Theological Institution in Bangor. He was a conservative man, and did not coun- tenance great changes. Like his friend Edes, he adhered to the last century fashions with amusing tenacity. In his "small clothes with stockings to the knees," and coat of the olden lime, "with square tails reaching almost to the ground," he was a very conspicuous object in the street during the first quarter of the century. The broad ruffles, however, extending from the waistband to the nose, he did not flaunt so long as some of his contemporaries. He was never a great persecutor of poor debtors; but was a good lawyer, and it was said that, when in practice, he had more influence with the jury than any other member of the Bar. When he died, in 1831, he was a little less than fifty-seven years of age. HON. WILLIAM D. WILLIAMSON, Judge of Probate, was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, July 3t, 1779. His ancestor, Timothy Williamson, was a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1647, and «ent as a soldier from Marshfield in King Philip's war. His father was George Williamson, (third in descent from Timothy, a soldier of the Revolution, and in the battle of White Plains. He was a farmer, and had positions of trust where he resided previous to coming to Bangor, where he died in 1822, at the age of sixty-eight. Wil- liam was a good son, and rendered his father all the as- sistance in his power upon the farm until he was dis- abled by an injury to his arm. He then concluded to obtain a liberal education. He entered Williams Col- lege, but taking offense at some action of the President he removed to Brown University. "He graduated on the 5th of Septembet, 1804, with the highest honors, having an oration in the afternoon and in the forenoon 'a syllo- gistic dispute' with three others, the best scholars in the class. The subject of the oration was 'The Soul;' that of the dispute was the question: 'Would not married people be as happy if their partners, instead of beinf chosen by themselves, were selected by civil authority.?'"* After graduation he entered the law office of Samuel F. Dickinson, Esq., in Amherst, Massachusetts, where his father then resided. He afterward studied in the office of Hon. Samuel Thatcher, in Warren, Maine, and com- pleted his reading as a student in the office of Jacob McGaw, Esq., in Bangor. He was admitted to the Bar during the session of the Court of Common Pleas at Castine, in November, 1807, and commenced practice soon afterwards in Bangor. Being well grounded in the principles of his profession, of mature years, possessed of an active mind, ardent temperment, and persevering industry, he was calculated to succeed. In 1808 he was appointed by Governor Sullivan County Attorney, for the county of Hancock. He continued in office until the law was repealed under which he was appointed in June, 1809. This law was revived June 18, 1811, and Mr. Williamson was re-appointed County Attorney by Governor Gerry, and continued to hold the office until the county of Penobscot was organized in 1816. Mr. Williamson was a Democrat, and was fond of politics. He became a candidate for Senator in 1816, and was defeated. He was, however, elected Senator in 181 7, and was re-elected the three succeeding years. After Maine became an independent State he was elected a Senator to the Legislature from Penobscot county, and held the office until he resigned in December, 1821, to accept the office of Representative to Congress, to which he had been elected. Maine was admitted into the Union March 3, 1820. Its first Legislatur-e was in existence from May 21, 1820, to the first Wednesday of January, 1822. Mr. William- son was elected President of the Senate (to supply the vacancy occasionally by the resignation of General John Chandler, who was the first President, and resigned to accept the position of Senator in Congress), and by virtue of that position became acting Governor of the State, on the appointment of Governor King Commis- sioner under the Spanish treaty. In addition to the other offices held by Mr. Williamson prior to this was that of Postmaster of Bangor, to which he was appointed No- vember 27, 1809, and in which he was continued until 1821, when he resigned, and Royal Clark was appointed, In 1 82 1 Mr. Williamson was elected Representative to the Seventeenth Congress, and held the office for one term. While in Congress he labored with his usual dili- tMemoirs by Hon. Joseph Willunison. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Z07 gence, and attended faithfully to his duties. In a speech he pressed the importance of military works upon the Penobscot, which led to a survey and finally the con- struction of Fort Knox. His first wife having died in June, 1822, on his return from Congress he brought with him his second wife, Susan E., daughter of Judge Phineas White, of Putney, Ver- mont, who died on March g, 1824, at the age of twenty- one. In 1825 he married Mrs. Clarissa Wiggin, nee Emerson, who (in 1881) is living, at the age of ninety- two. In the year 1824 Mr. Williamson was appointed to the office of Judge of Probate for Penobscot county, which he held until the year 1840. In 1834 and 1839 ^^ was appointed Bank Commissioner, and in 1840 he was appointed chairman of a commission to visit the reform- atory institu ions of the Northern States, with a view to improvements in the State Prison. In 1817 he conceived the idea of writing the History of Maine, and while a member of the Massachusetts Senate commenced gather- ing materials for it. This work was given to the public in 1832, in two large volumes. It is a valuable work, and often referred to. The labor he bestowed upon it was immense. It is nearly out of print. At some future time a new edition, from under the hand of a competent editor, will be invaluable to a student of Maine history. It is the great work of Judge Williamson's life, and by it his name will be perpetuated. By his first marriage Mr. Williamson had five children. His only son, William, a promising young man, died September 6, 1832, at the age of eighteen, a member of Bowdoin ollege. His daughters, all accomplished ladies, survived him. The youngest, Frances A., married Mayo Hazeltine, of Boston, and died in March, 1847. Of the other daughters (now widows), Caroline J. (now Mrs. Chapman) was first the wife of Nathaniel Haynes, a lawyer of Bangor, and is the mother of Professor Henry W. Haynes, recently of the University of Vermont; Har- riet H, the second daughter, married Paul R. Hazeltine, a merchant of Belfast; Mary C, the third, married Liv- ingston Livingston, a lawyer of New York, and has a son, Philip Livingston, a student in Columbia College. Judge Williamson was a member of various historical societies, and was an original member of the Maine His- torical Society. He was an untiring collector of facts, and the Maine and Massachusetts Historical Societies have been enriched by his labors. He was ambitious for the prosperity of the place of his residence. He was connected with the banks of the city, and was Presi- dent of the People's Bank. He was instrumental in establishing the Academy, which bore the name of the Bangor Young Ladies' Academy, and in various ways he was connected with the school and other affairs of the town. He died at the age of sixty-six years, on May. 27, 1846. Hon. Samuel W. Blake announced his death to the court, and, as chairman of the committee on resolu- tions, presented a series, from which the following is an extract : A discerning Executivs has honored him; an enlightened constituency has confided in him. In the Senate of Massachusetts and Maine; in the Congress of the United States; as acting Governor; in all the relations of society; in all the places of honor and trust, in public or private life, which he ever held, he discharged the duties incumbent upon him with integrity and fidelity. His leisure he devoted to general literature and historical pursuits. He has left behind him valuable con- tributions to the annals of New England, and his History of our own State will ever remain a monument of the indefatigable research and patient investigation of its author. HON. DANIEL SANBORN, Judge of Probate. After admission to the Bar, Judge Sanborn first established himself in Kenduskeag. He afterwards removed to Bangor. His business life has been divided between the law and political journalism. About 1853 he was an editor of the Bangor Daily and Weekly Journal. He was appointed Judge of Probate by Governor Crosby, and continued in that office- until his successor was elected by the people in 1856-57. Afterwards he confined himself to the profession of the law until 1879-80, when he became the principal editor of the Bangor Commercial. Although Mr. Sanborn has not pretended to a high position as an advocate, yet he has attended faithfully to his duties as a lawyer and as a journalist. HON. ENOCH BROWN, Chief Justice of Court of Sessions, was born in Abington, Massachusetts, in 1781; graduated at Brown University; read law with Judge Padelford, in Taunton; came to Hampden very early in this century, about 1805, and established himself in practice at the "Lower Corner." He and Mr. Godfrey were contemporaries in the profes- sion in that town until 1820. Until 1816 they attended the courts at Casiine. Their town conceived so high an opinion of their capacity that the selectmen at one time vested them with the powers of jurymen, imagining that, while attending to the business of their clients, they could as well as not try whatever cases might come before them. The Court, however, could not overlook the incompatibility of the two functions of .v.ttorney and juror, and directed the counselors to take their places at the Bar. Mr. Brown was a good lawyer and an excellent citi- zen. He continued in Hampden until the year 1835, when he removed to Bangor. He speculated sornewhat in lands after he came to Bangor, and did somethiiig in the profession. He died about the last of the year 1838, very suddenly. The Bar in January', 1839, adopted resolutions of respect, drawn up by George B. Moody, Esq., which bear testimony to his "cultivated mind, blameless life, unirapeached morality, high princi- ples, and active industry." Mr. Brown was intermarried with Melinda, daughter of Judge Padelford. They had ten children, five sons and five daughters. Among the sons were Enoch Einery Brown, Esq., a lawyer in Somerset county, re- cently deceased; Augustus I. Brown, Esq., a lawyer, who died a few years since in New York; and Hon. James S. Brown, a lawyer of Milwaukee, former Mayor of that city, and once a member of Congress from Wis- consin and Attorney-General of that State, now deceased. £08 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. HON. JOHN GODFREY, Chief Justice ot Court of Sessions. Mr. Godfrey was the son of John Godfrey, of Taunton, Massachusetts, and the sixth of his Hne in America. The first was Richard, of the " ancient family of Godfrey," which, according to Burke's Commoners, "is supposed to de- rive from Godfrey le Fauconer, lord of the manor of Hurst, in Kent, as early as the reign of Henry II." Richard came from England and settled in Taunton in 1652, having with him Richard, born in 1651. This Richard, Jr., was the father of John, who was the father of George, who was the father of John, who was the father of the subject of this sketch. These ancestors were all farmers, and died in Taunton at a good old age. They were very conservative and very decided. The first John and George were active magistrates ; had military commissions — John that of captain under George II., and George that of Brigadier-General under the Republic (hence was called "the Brigadier,") — and, as well as the second John, were prominently connected with the town business and were Representatives in the Legislature of the State. George was colleague with Robert Treat Paine in 1779. John, the subject of this sketch, was born in Taunton May 27, 1781. He labored hard upon his father's farm in his early years, but had the advantages of the schools of the town. When about eighteen or nineteen years old, at the raising of his father's house, in wrestling his shoulder was injured. This accident led to its being de- termined that he should be educated. By close applica- tion he was enabled to enter Brown University, at Provi- dence, a year in advance. On graduating he entered the office of Mr. Sproat, one of the best lawyers in the Com- monwealth, and the only one in Taunton, besides Judge Padelford, who took students. After finishing his course, he came to Hampden and established himself in the pro- fession in 1805-06, at the "Upper Corner." He did more ; he started a small farm, with a determination to " get on." The love of farming had come down to him from his ancestor Richard, and his college training had not overcome his love of it. He married Sophia, daughter of Colonel Samuel But- ton, who had a few years before removed from Hallowell to Bangor. He remained in Hampden about fifteen years. He was there at the time of the British victories, and was locked up in the cabin of a British war vessel, with others, as a prisoner of war, and detained one night, made memorable to him by his nearly dying of thirst. His house was used as an hospital, his library was taken by the British soldiers and put into a martin-house and with it converted into a bonfire, and his horse was ap- propriated by American thieves. . The effect of this British raid was to prostrate business, and he took his wife and four children to the place of his nativity, where he remained for a time in the practice of his profession. He returned to Hampden, however, in 1815, and there continued until 1820, when he formed a connection in business with Hon. Samuel E. Button, in Bangor, to which place he removed his family in 182 1. The connection was not of long continuance. Mr. Godfrey was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of . Sessions in 1823, and had for associates Ephraim Good- ale, Esq., of Orrington, and Seba French, Esq., of Dex- ter. In 1825 he was County Attorney, and held the office for seven years. Municipal trusts were committed to him in both Hampden and Bangor, and he was more or less connected with the business of Bangor and. of the county for many years. He discharged all his duties intelligently and faithfully. He was a believer in work. When he was not employed in professional labor, his hands found something to do at his home. His garden was his place of recreation. In manner he was unassum- ing, but decided. He was not fond of innovations. The religion of his fathers was his religion, and he was about as conservative as his ancestor, George, who would not hear a preacher who emitted the faintest odor of heresy more than once. He was a grave man, not given to much speech, but possessed of a dry humor that was appreciated. Once he presided at a meeting where the Bar were preparing to take some action, complimentary to Judge Frederick H. Allen, who was about to remove from the State. Judge Hathaway, from a committee, reported that a dinner be tendered him on a certain day as six o'clock. The Chairman. — " In the morning or evening?" Judge Hathaway. — " In the evening, of course. Who ever heard of a dinner being given in the morning?" The Chairman. — " I suppose it might be as well to give it at one end of the day as at the other. It is cus- tomary with us to have it about mid-day." ' Apart from the conventionality, a dinner would have been as agreeable to him in the morning as in the even- ing, for he usually accomplished two or three hours' labor before breakfast. He had fixed political views, though not a demonstrative politican. What public trusts were conferred on him came without his prompting, because of the confidence reposed in him. He died May 28, 1862, at the age of eighty-one. Mr. Jacob McGaw made the announcement of his death to the court, following it with eulogistic remarks and com- plimentary resolutions of the Bar. Chief Justice Tenney responded, and said, among other things, — He has always been distinguished for his respect for the courts and courtesy to his professional associates; for his unbending integrity and his fidelity to his clients, who, having once employed him, seldom sel- dom sought the aid of other counsel ; and in some instances he has been a standing agent of municipal corporations for a series of years to- gether, to take charge of their business in Court. The first time I was ever in Court in this place, many years since, Mr. Godfrey was the at- torney for the county, and I was struck with the discretion and ability with which he conducted the criininal business. His conduct as a citi- zen was regulated by an elevated moral standard which all acknowl- edged and felt. In his domestic relations, of which I had some knowl- ledge he took the deepest interest, and in the discharge of the duties therein, he evidenUy found his great happiness. JAMES GODFREY, second son and ninth child of John Godfrey, was born in Bangor, October 8, 1822; fitted for college in Bangor, entered Waterville, and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1844. After graduating he spent two years in teach- ing in Alabama ; returned to Bangor, and entered his HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 209 father's office as student at law in 1846. After admission to the Bar in Bangor, he went to Wellsboro, where he commenced practice. Not being satisfied with the situation he went to Houlton, where he soon acquired an encouraging business. In September, 1848, he intermarried with Mary Carter, daughter of George Wheelwright and sister of Hon. J. S. Wheelwright. His class secretary, F. S. Washburn, Esq., in his report at the class meeting in Brunswick, August 21, 1852, said: In due time a daughter was bom. All was bright and joyous to that gaze which could not penetrate the dim future, over which sorrow and death cast no warning shadow. Hope was buoyant; joy was full. Yet a sad hour soon came, when disease seized with iron grasp the stalwart frame, which bent in a few days, and finally yielded to the power of death. All of earth that remained of our classmate was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor. His daughter soon followed him. He died August 30, 1850, at the age of twenty-eight. The Bar of Aroos- took county adopted resolutions at his decease, and put on record "that, though he had been with us but little more than two years, yet he had become favorably known to the community as a gentleman of strict probity, to his brethren of the Bar an obliging and kind friend, a faith- ful counselor and an affable opponent, whose industry and application gave promise of a highly respectable position in the profession." HON. THOMAS A. HILL, Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions, was born in Surry, New Hampshire, in 1783. He established himself in the profession in Waterville for a time, came to Bangor in 181 2, afterwards went into partnership with Hon. Samuel E. Button. The copartnership continued until about 1820. He afterwards formed a business connec- tion with George Starrett, Esq., which continued until 1834, when he gave up the practice. While in the pro- fession Mr. Hill did a large business; he had also busi- ness in connection with the town and county. He was a director and important agent in the management of the Bangor Bank. He was appointed by the Governor Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions in 1829, and con- tinued in that office and as Chairman of the County Commissioners until i83.i5. He was also President of the Lafayette Bank. When the Anti-Masonic party was in existence in the State he was its candidate for Governor. Mr. Hill died in December, 1864, at the age of eighty-one years. The Bar passed resolutions of respect, in which they said that as a lawyer "he was always faithful to his client, patient and untiring in his industry in his behalf, prudent, intelli- gent, and assiduously careful in guarding and promoting his interest; a sound and safe adviser, a sagacious and successful practitioner. As a citizen he was public- spirited, laboring to promote the interests of this growing ' community with a wise forecast and zealous activity, hav- ing in many of the improvements of the city, made in his days and which were due in a great measure to his suggestions or his efficient cooperation, enduring monu- ments of his good taste and wise provision for the future." Mr. Hill was twice married. His first wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Long, widow of Robert Long, of Newburyport, and daughter of Hon. Francis Carr, of Bangor. They had two daughters^Elizabeth, who became the wife of John A. Poor, Esq., and died January 14, 1837, at the age of twenty-two, leaving a daughter, Laura E., who has made a reputation as a Sanscrit scholar, and Jane, a lady of culture and literary distinction, who became the wife of Moses L. Appleton, Esq., and is still living. Miss Stevens, of Gardiner, became Mr. Hill's second wife. ' They had one daughter, Emily, who is the wife of Mr. Hurlbut, of Boston. HON. THORNTON m'GAW, Chairman of the County Commissioners, was born in Derry, New Hampshire, and came to Bangor in the year 1824. After studying with his uncle, Jacob McGaw, in this city, he was admitted to the Bar; and in June, 1826, he was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court. Mr. McGaw possessed studious habits and a good legal mind. His abilities soon became known and appreciated. In 1835 '""^ was appointed Chairman of the County Commissioners. He became the agent of proprietors of lands in Button and Kirkland (now Glenburn and Hudson), and managed their business with great prudence and ability. He was at one time Clerk of the House of Representatives of Maine. He intermarried, October 19, 1826, with Ann Frances, a beautiful and accomplished daughter of Joseph Carr, Esq., who died February 12, 1847, leaving one child, a daughter, Annie Thornton, who became the wife of Charles W. Adams, Esq., of Boston. After his bereave- ment Mr. McGaw was much of the time away from Bangor, having gradually relinquished the practice of his profession. In- 1855 he formed a matrimonial connec- tion with Mrs. Esther T. Hathorn, and occupied the man- sion which he built at the corner of Kenduskeag Avenue and Division street (afterwards purchased and enlarged by Hon. Henry E. Prentiss, and now owned and occupied by his widow), until his death, which oc- curred October 6, 1859. Mr. McGaw was a well-read lawyer, possessed a clear, discriminating mind, and was faithful to all his trusts. He was a genial companion, and, possessing a fund of anecdote and a happy manner, was always entertaining. He had a lively recollection of everything amusing that occurred in his practice, and related incidents having a tinge of the humorous or ridiculous with great glee. In one case in court, where he wanted a continuance and urged as a reason that the depositions on which he relied were not at hand, the opposing counsel remarked that he had some depositions, and his brother could have the benefit of those. McGaw desired to see them, and was permitted to do so. On examining them he said: "Very well, brother W.; I will take this," holding one up, "and we will go to trial." It was agreed. Mr. McGaw used his opponent's de- position and won the case. On another occasion before Judge P., where a witness who was a friend to the party to whom Mr. McGaw was opposed, testified somewhat HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. incoherently, the Judge, in instructing the jury, said: 'Tf the witness testified" — so and so— "your ver- dict will be for the defendant." "That's just it, your Honor," said the witness, jumping up; "that's just what I said ! " The Judge went on without noticing the interruption. There was no remedy. The Judge's hypothesis was made reality, to McGaw's horror, and he of course lost his case. The Bar passed resolutions of respect, in which they referred to his "honorable professional character as a counselor of the courts; of his integrity as a man; and of his social and generous quahties as a gentleman, a companion, and a friend." HON. CHARLES STETSON, Judge of Municipal Court, was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, in November, 1801. His father was Simeon Stetson, who came to Hampden very early in the century. Mr. Stetson, the subject of this sketch, pre- pared for college at the Hampden Academy and gradu- ated at Yale College in 1823. He read law first with Enoch Brown, in Hampden, and in his closing year with John Godfrey, in Bangor. He was admitted to practice as an attorney of the Court of Common Pleas in Bangor, in June, 1826; as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court in June, 1828, and as a counsellor of the same court in June, 1830. He commenced practice in Hampden soon after his admission to the Court of Common Pleas, and acquired quite ajarge business. He afterwards removed to Ban- gor, and continued in the practice for several years. After Bangor became a city, in 1834, he was appointed Judge of the Municipal Court, and held that office until 1837, when he was appointed Clerk of the Courts. In 1845, 1846, and 1847 he was a member of the Governor's Council from the Penobscot District. In 1849 and 1850 he was Representative from the Fifth (Penobscot) Dis- trict in the Thirty-first Congress. Judge Stetson performed the duties of the several of- fices he held ably and faithfully. He retired from the profession several years ago, and, being possessed of an ample competency, "enjoys his ease with dignity." CHARLES p. STETSON, son of Hon. Charles Stetson, was born in Bangor; pre- pared for college under David Worcester, Esq., Principal of the Bangor High School, who said of him that he was one of the be^t scholars, if not the best scholar, in all the branches that he ever had under him. He graduated at Yale College, the alma mater of his father, in 1855; was admitted to the Bar in 1857, and has practiced law in Bangor ever since. He was County Attorney for Pe- nobscot county from 1862 to 1874 — twelve years — and was a very able and successful officer. Mr. Stetson has a high standing at the Bar, and is con- sidered one of the best lawyers in the State. He has for several years been counsel for the European & North American Railway, of which he is a director, and is em- ployed in many of the most important litigated cases. HON. SAMUEL F. HUMPHREY, Judge of Police Court, was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, fitted for college at Pinkerton Academy, in Derry; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1848, subse- quently had charge for four years of Foxcroft Academy, Piscataquis county, studied law with Albert W. Paine, of Bangor, and was admitted to the Bar In 1853. He was elected Judge of the Police Court of the city of Bangor in i860 and' held the position eight years; was a member of the House of Representatives of the State from Bangor in 1870 and 1872; was appointed Examiner of the National banks of Maine in 1872, and has held the position ever since. As a teacher, lawyer, legisla- tor, and in whatever other capacity Judge Humphrey has been employed, he has performed his duties intelli- gently, conscientiously, and satisfactorily. As a judge he was firm, judicious, and impartial, and his retirement from the position was much regretted. He is quiet in his habits, and courteous, well-read in the law, and stands high in his profession and as a citizen. HON. HENRY C. GOODENOW, Judge of Police Court. Henry Clay Goodenow, second ■son and third child of Judge Daniel Goodenow and Sarah Ann (Holmes) Goodenow, was born in Alfred, Maine, June 23, 1834. He prepared for college in Alfred and North Yarmouth academies, and entered Bowdoin in August, 1849. He graduated in 1853, then taught the high school at Davis' Mills, Newfield, Maine. He began the study of law in Alfred January 7, 1854; taught the Alfred academy one term, in the spring, then resumed the study of law; was admitted to the Bar in York^ county in September, 1856, and commenced practice in Biddeford in November. In 1858 he removed to Lewis- ton and became a law-partner with Hon. Charles W. Goddard. In 1861 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Goddard having been appointed Consul-General at Con- stantinople. In 1864 Mr. Goodenow was a member of the Common Council, and in 1865 and 1866 in the Board of Aldermen. In 1866 he removed to Bangor and engaged in the corn and flour business. In 1869 he resumed the practice of law. In 1870, and for four or five years afterward, he was on the Superintending School Committee. During 1871, 1872, and 1873 he was City Solicitor, until appointed by Governor Perham Police Judge of the city, entering upon the duties of that office April 30. He occupied that position by suc- cessive elections or appointment until December, 1870, when he resigned. Judge Goodenow is well read in the law, and has had a successful practice. As a judge he gave excellent sat- isfaction, and when a "reform" city government reduced his salary from twelve hundred to six hundred dol- lars a year, he would have been justified in resigning for the reason that the "honor" of the office did not com- pensate him for the loss of the professional business it occasioned him. He resigned for other reasons, how- ever, and resumed the practice of law in December, 1880. Judge Goodenow, in i860, intermarried with Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Walter and Sarah (Quinby HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Brown, of Bangor. They have three sons and three daughters. HON. ISRAEL WASHBURN, War Governor of Maine, was born in Livermore, Maine, June 6, 1813. He received a classical education, and after the preparatory reading was admitted to the Bar, in 1834. He estabhshed himself in practice in Orono in December, 1834. He had a large business, and was one of the foremost members of the Bar of Penobscot County. In 1842 he was a member of the Legislature from Orono. He was elected Representative to Congress from* the Fifth District in 1830, and was a member of the XXXIId, XXXIIId, XXXIVth, XXXVth, ' and XXXVIth Congresses. Having been elected Governor, he resigned the office of Representative in order to ac- cept that office. Mr. Washburn was one of the best of the war Gov- ernors. He labored incessantly, and performed his whole duty. He held the office for two years. In 1863 Presi- dent Lincoln appointed him Collector of Portland. This required his removal to that city, and he has since made it his home. Governor Washburn discontinued practice at the Bar several years since. He has of late interested himself in historical matters, has published a very interesting history of the town of Orono, and is an active member of the Maine Historical Society. A year or two since he read before that society an interesting and valuable paper on the Northeastern Boundary, which is published in the eighth volume of its Collections. HON. HARRIS M. PLAISTED, Governor of Maine, is a member of the Penobscot Bar. At the commencement of the war of the. Rebellion he was instrumental in raising troops, and became Colonel of the Eleventh Regiment of Maine Infantry. He has the title of General. After the war he returned to the profession, and in 1873 was Attorney-General of the State. The duties of this office he performed with dili- gence and faithfulness, and with such ability as to leave it with eclat. He was elected to the XLIVth Congress from the Fifth District of Maine, and served the last year of the session in place of General Samuel F. Her- sey, deceased. He now occupies the position of Gov- ernor of the State. He is a man of indomitable perse- verance, and generally accomplishes what he undertakes. HON. ELISHA H. ALLEN, Minister from the Hawaiian islands, was born in New Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804. He carne to Bangor about 1830; was admitted as an attorney to the Supreme Judicial Court in June, 1831; was in co-partnership with Judge Appleton several years, and with Mr. Appleton and John B. Hill, the firm name , , being Allen, Appleton & Hill; was in the City Council of Bangor on its first organization in 1834; was Rep- resentative in the Legislature from 1836 to 1841, and in 1846. In 1838 he was Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives; was Representative in Congress from the Fifth Maine District from 1841 to 1843, serving on- the Committee of Manufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was elected to the Massachusetts Legisla- ture in 1849. He was afterwards appomted Consul to Honolulu, and has since been connected with the Gov- ernment of the Sandwich Islands. In 1856 he was envoy from the Sandwich Islands to the United States. From 1857 until 1879 he was Chief Justice and Chan- cellor of those islands. He is now Minister Resident at Washington from the Sandwich Islands. Judge Allen, while in practice, stood high at the Bar. He attended carefully to the interests of his clients; was entirely reliable; affable and courteous, he was always popular. HON. ALBERT G. JEWETT^ ex-Charge d' Affaires to Peru, was born in Pittston, Ken- nebec county, November 27, 1802; graduated at Water- • ville College in 1826; read law with Joseph Williamson, in Belfast, and was admitted to the Bar in March, 1829. He soon after established himself in the profession in Bangor. The impression he made at his advent was not propitious; but he neglected no opportunity to make himself known. He was a frequent speaker in the Ban- gor Lyceum, and his orations were not esteemed the best specimens of rhetorical art. But he had pluck and persistence. He talked in the lyceum, he talked in the caucus, and whenever and wherever an opportunity offered. If he was aware of a blunder it was no cause of discouragement. Of course such a man must become known, must have admirers, must be employed. Not a great many terms of the court passed before his name was known to the extremes of the county. In about three years after he cotnmenced practice he became County Attorney, and ho one could help knowing him then. He had great powers with the jury, and was very successful in his prosecutions. General Hodsdon, the clerk, said that he seldom, if ever, failed of convicting. An anecdote is related of him which should cause him to be remembered, if he could not depend upon many other things for fame, as he can. The grand jury had indicted a fellow for an outrage. Mr. Moody conducted the defense, and introduced law to the effect that unless there was an outcry by the person upon whom the out- rage was committed, there was no crime, and the verdict should be for the defendant; and he argued the point at length that, as there was no outcry proved, the jury must infer consent and acquit his client. Mr. Jewett in reply said: "My brother Moody argues that, as the woman made no outcry, her consent must be inferred; and he has brought in a whole armful of old, musty English law- books to satisfy the court and jury that such is the law! What of it, gentlemen; what of it? Suppose it is the law?" Then, raising his naturally penetrating voice to the highest pitch, he cried: "What did she know about the law? She never read those law-books; — a poor, ignorant, country girl! What did she know about the law? Good God, gentlemen! If she had known what the law was, she would have screamed so as to have been heard ten miles!!" HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Of course, the rascal was convicted. One of Mr. Jewett's greatest efforts was in the Rines case, mentioned in the Annals of Bangor, in this volume. A report of his argument is in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier of February 13, 1837. Mr. Jewett's practice became large, and it was thought that he acquired a large property in this city. . He built the fine residence now owned by Albert Emerson, Esq., on Summer street. In 1845 he gave up the practice in Bangor, and ac- cepted from President Polk the position of Charge d' Affaires to Peru. After three years' indulgence in the cli- mate of that Republic, he concluded to have some ex- perience of French life, and went to Paris, where he spent much "time, and witnessed the French manner at the Bar and in the Forum, and, judging from his own style after his return, he was evidently impressed by it. After he left France he was for a time in Brunswick, Georgia, and then came to Bangor, but not to remain. In 1858 he engaged in the practice of law in Belfast, and has been retained in many important cases since. He has been more or less interested in politics always, and his voice has often been heard in public gatherings, as well as at the Bar, since he established himself at Belfast. The people of that city had such regard for his abilities that they made him their Mayor in 1863, 1864, and 1867. Mr. Jewett was always a busy man, and what his hands found to do he did with his might, and now, at nearly eighty years of age, he cannot be idle. HON. ALLEN OILMAN. Mr. Oilman was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, July 16, 1773. He was the third son of John Ward Oilman and Hannah Emery. Major John Oilman, an officer in the expedition to Louisburg in 1645, and in the French and Indian war, was his paternal grandfather. The Rev. Stephen Emery, of Chatham, Massachusetts, was his maternal grandfather. Allen was a student in Exeter Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791. He studied law with Judge Oliver Peabody, of Exeter, and established himself in his profession first in Gardiner, Maine, in 1796. While there he married Pamelia Augusta, a rarely attractive lady, a daughter of General Henry Dearborn. In 1798, soon after his marriage, he removed to Hallowell. His wife died in October, 1799, leaving a daughter named for her, who became the wife of Major Dearborn, of the United States Army. Both of these have deceased. After the death of his wife he went to that part of Orrington which is now Brewer, where he remained a year, and the next year (1801) established himself in his profession in Bangor. He was possessed of a quick, disci iminating intellect, and bore the reputa- tion of being a "good lawyer." He was quiet in his man- ner and of modest habits. He was of unquestionable in- tegrity, and had the confidence of his fellow-citizens. When Penobscot county was established in 1816, he was appointed Register of Probate, and held the office until Maine became a State. When Bangor was created a city, in 1834, Mr. Oilman was elected its first Mayor, and was re-elected the next year. He possessed great de- cision ol character, and his administration was successiul. For the infringement of an ordinance defining the limits within which wooden buildings should not be erected, by Dexter E. Wadleigh, in removing a wooden building from one point to another within the limits, the Mayor caused it to be torn down. Mr. Wadleigh denied that removing the building was erecting it, and carried the question to the Supreme Court, which sustained the Mayor. On one occasion, when he was repairing, or re- building, a bridge which had been a source of trouble by its sides separating, a worker in iron passing by suggested iron rods with clamps as a protection against such casu- alty in future. "Yes," said the Mayor, "and the next that comes along will be a shoemaker, and he will sug- gest shoe-strings." Mr. Oilman possessed taste, and early in the century, selecting the acknowledged most beautiful site in the city at the time, erected a fine mansion thereon, afterwards remodeled by M. Schwartz, Esq., and now St. Xavier's Convent. In his contract for the carpenter-work he stipulated that liquor should be no part of the considera- tion. In that day rum was an implied factor in such transactions. He guarded himself by having the full consideration expressed. Mr. Oilman married a second wife in 1806; She was the daughter of Colonel John Brewer, of Brewer. He had by her five sons and two daughters. Mr. Oilman was small in stature. In the latter part of his life he was in feeble health, and died April 7, 1846, in the seventy-third year of his age. The Bar of this county made honorable mention of him as a man "known for the quickness of his perceptions, for his legal acu- men and his general acquaintance with legal principles. Highly respectable in all the departments of practice, it is not, perhaps, too much to say that he was not excelled as a skillful, accurate, and accomplished conveyancer. In- to his professional intercourse he brought that urbanity, cheerfulness, intelligence, pleasant conversation, and agreeable manners which all acknowledged to be his distin- guishiug characteristics as a man and gentleman. Remark- able for his. strength of will, for his firmness of purpose, and an energy of' character little to be expected in a frame of body somewhat fragile' he was always con- spicuous as a member of society and a citizen." PELEG CHANDLER. Mr. Chandler came from New Gloucester to Bangor about 1827. He was born about 1773, and was a class- mate in Brown University with the late Chief Justice Whitman, who entered that College in 1791. Mr. Willis, in his "Law and Lawyers of Maine," says that Mr, Chandler told him this story: He was studying with Rev. Mr. Briggs, of Halifax. When he went to Provi- dence to be examined for admittance he was in rather low spirits. "While musing along," Mr. Chandler says, "on my old Rosinante, I saw a person some fifty rods ahead. As he approached I saw he was a young man with a large bundle tied up in a bandanna handkerchief hung over his back on a cane. He had on no coat or jacket or stock; he wore an old pair of nankeen HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTV, MAINE. 213 breeches, and I think had his stockings and shoes in one hand, suspended by his garters. When he got within two or three rods he sat down under the shade of an oak. As I approached he saluted me by saying: 'I guess you are going to college; ain't you? You had better get off and take connfort with me under the shade.' This man is now Chief Justice of Maine (1843), and this was the first time I ever saw or heard of him. We lay on the ground under this tree three or four hours. I told him who I was, and all about my diffi- culties and my fears that I should not be able to enter college. He gave me words of courage; gave me the key to his room (as he had been there the freshman year), and we agreed to 'chum' together. . . Whit- man was at that time sixteen, and I almost nineteen." As may be inferred from the manner in which he re- lates the above anecdote, Mr. Chandler was a man of much humor and capable of entertaining a jury, which he did. He practiced in Bangor quite successfully until 1847, when he died. The Bar passed resolutions of re- spect on the occasion of his death, testifying to his "social virtues and professional courtesy and fidelity." Mr. Chandler married a sister of Chief Justice Par- sons, and was the father of those two eminent lawyers, Theophilus P. Chandler and Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston. HON. WILLIAM ABBOT. This sterling man did not become a resident of Penob- scot county until after he had been a member of the Bar for twenty-nine years. He established himself in Bangor in 1829, and made his home there until he died, in 1849. He was the sixth in descent from George Abbot, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1644, and settled on a farm in Andover, Massachusetts. His father, Wil- liam Abbot, was born in Andover, and when young settled in Wilton, where he resided until he died in 1793, at the age of forty-six. He was a member of the State Conven- tion in New Hampshire which adopted the Constitution of the United States, and was a highly respected citizen. Upon his father's farm the subject of this notice ac- quired a taste for horticulture, which he never lost. He prepared for college in a town school in Wilton, under Jonathan Fisher, who afterward became the minister of Blue Hill, Maine. Harvard College was his ahnamater. He graduated in 1797, with a high character for industry and moral worth. He read law with William Gordon, of Amherst, New Hampshire, a lawyer of eminence; was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1800, and commenced the prac- tice of law in Castine, in the county of Hancock, in 1801. In 1802 he married Rebecca, daughter of Dr. Israel Atherton, a physician of eminence in Lancaster, Massa- chusetts. Mr. Abbot was one of those men whose personal ap- • pearance inspires confidence. The business men of the town soon learned that his appearance did not deceive them, and they intrusted their affairs in his hands. He was a sound lawyer, and gave diligent attention to the calls of his profession. In 1803 he was appointed Regis- ter of Probate for Hancock county, and held the ofifice for eighteen years, until Maine became an independent State. In 1816 he was one of the Presidential Electors. He was also in that year chosen a member of the con- vention at Brunswick, on the question of the separation of the State from Massachusetts, and represented his town in opposing the measure. He was a member of the convention at Portland, in 1819, that~framed the Constitution of the State, and was on the committee to report a name for it. He was afterwards a member of the Legislature, in 182 1, 1823, 1826, and 1827. On his removal to Bangor, Mr. Abbot entered imme- diately into practice. His reputation was known, and important matters were put into his charge. His personal appearance inspired the same respect and confidence that it did in Castine. The town very soon placed him upon the Board of Selectmen. He was chairman of the Board when Bangor became a city, and was chairman of the committee that prepared the city charter; was chairman of the school committee of the city for several years; was instrumental in establishing the grade of schools; and was Mayor of the city from March, 1848, to August, 1849, when he died. Mr. Abbot had a taste for music, as well as for horti- culture. His family must have been musical. His brother. Dr. John Abbot, who practiced in Hampden arid Bangor during the greater part of his professional life, was a noted musician. William taught music in his early life in Massachusetts and Connecticut, and when he graduated delivered a poem on the subject. ' ' - The Penobscot Bar passed resolutions, repprted by Elijah L. Hamlin, Albert W. Paine, and Charles Stetson, Esqrs., which bore cordial "testimony to hismahy estima- ble qualities, his patient industry, his fidelity,' truthful- ness, and honest zeal for his client, arid for the constant exhibition of those kindly feelings which have endeared him to us in his social as well as business relations." HON. HANNIBAL HAMLIN, United States Minister to Spain. Mr. Hamlin was born born in Paris, Maine, August 27, 1809; read law in Portland with Messrs. Fessenden & Deblois, the head of which was Samuel Fessenden, father of the Senator and of the late United States Consul at St. John, while at the same time he paid due regard to the famous suggestion of Pope — TKe proper study of mankind is man. After being admitted to the Bar, he came to Hampden about 1833, where he commenced practice. He had as extensive a business in Hampden as could be had there; and upon the site of the oflSce of his predecessor in the profession, John Godfrey, Esq.,. he erected a substantial brick dwelling-house (an unusual thing in that town), as if he intended to stay. He, however, found Hampden a better field for pol- itics than for law. The men who were fond of law there were few: those who were fond of politics were many, and when a better politician came among them, they ap- preciated him. Mr. Hamlin's study of man proved of great advantage to him. The people soon found that the "better politician" had come. They presently sent him 114 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. to the Legislature, where he became a leader. In 1843, at the age of thirty-four, he was in Congress, and repre- sented the Fifth District of his State in the Twenty-eighth anp Twenty-ninth Congresses successively. In the mean- time he kept up his practice of the law. He was never an idle man. He did not neglect his clients, and he did not neglect his friends. He was a good and reliable lawyer. , But his political duties became more onerous. In 1848 he was made a Senator of the United States, and then he relinquished the practice of law, except occasion- ally to argue a case in the United States Court. As Senator, as Governor of the State, as Vice-President of the United States, he could not give his attention to the calls of his profession at home. Now, as Minister to Spain, he may have his attention directed to some ques- tions of international law; otherwise his connection with the profession, practically, is probably at an end. Mr. Hamlin's great strength has lain in his knowledge of men. He early learned that every American deemed himself fundamentally the peer of every other man, and acted accordingly. The consequence was that he be- came and continued to be eminently the people's man. He never assumed to be above his fellows, and when some upstarts affected to sneer at certain of his pecu- liarities, Governor Kent used to say: "Let them sneer; Mr. Hamlin knows what he is about." To do one a favor was always his delight. It is a common saying that he was "always true to his friends." It might be added that every one was his friend when a personal service was de- sired. In all matters at Washington, whether in the Departments or elsewhere, when his aid was reqiiested he invariably gave it his personal attention, without del- egatirig it to others, and without considering whether the request came from a friend or a foe. One among many instances showing the disposition of Mr. Hamlin in this respect is the following: Among his- political enemies at Hampden was one who opposed him with remarkable virulence, even carrying his political unfriendliness to the extent of personal hate, and he knew that Mr. Hamlin was aware of it. After the Rebellion had become a fact, and military lines were established, so that passing from the Confed- eracy to the Republic could not be accomplished without a pass, this man found himself in a dilemma. A be- loved daughter was within the confederate lines, near Fortress Monroe, and he was anxious to get her home. Being in Washington, he learned that she could not be got through the lines without a pass from the Secretary of War. He had no one to assist him in getting one. All sorts of fears arose within him in regard to his daughter's safety, and he became very nervous. He was at his wits' end as to what to do. He knew no one to whom to apply, except Mr. Hamlin; and he was too conscious of the wrong he had done him to dare to ask him. But there was no alternative, and he made the venture. Having heard his request, Mr. Hamlin said, in his familiar way : "Jim, you know you iiave done everything to injure me; you forgot the old school copy that we used to write from : ' It is a long road that has no turn.' How can you ask me to help you ?" Captain Jim took some time to reply. At length the hard answer came ; "Yes, 'Squire; I did quite wrong. I'm sorry, but—" " Well, Jim, I'm going to do you Bible justice. I am going to heap coals of fire upon your head. Go with me." They went to Mr. Stanton; Vice-President Hamhn procured the pass, and, handing it to the Captain, told him he need have no further anxiety; he could get his daughter now. Captain Jim broke right down. The tears flowed freely. He could say nothing: he was too full. Thrusting the pass into his pocket, he went away, procured his daughter, and carried her home. He ceased to be an enemy of Mr. Hamlin. HON. ELIJAH L. HAMLIN was born in Livermore, Maine, March 29, 1800. He established himself in the profession in Columbia, Wash- ington county, where he practiced successfully several years. He had the confidence of the leading business men in that part of the State. On the decease of Colo- nel John Black, of Ellsworth, it was found that he was nominated executor of his will. He removed to Bangor about 1836. His private business required so much of his attention that he did not make himself conspicuous at the Bar. He had much to do with the politics of the State. He became a member of the Maine Historical Society in 1859, and from that time was much engaged in historical matters until his decease. He was first President of the Bangor Historical Society, and made many valuable collections for its cabinet. To his inves- tigation Mr. Parkman, in his "Pioneers of France in the New World," (page 271,) acknowledges his indebtedness for a knowledge of the locality on Mt. Desert Island where the Jesuits attempted to establish their mission in 1613 — Fernald's Point. Mr. Hamlin was Land Agent of the State in 1838 and 1841, and was Mayor of Bangor from March, 1851, to March, 1853. He was also Rep- resentative to the Legislature from Bangor in 1846 and 1847. He died in Bangor, July 16, 1872, at the age of seventy-two. He was an older brother of Hon. Hanni- bal Hamlin, formerly Vice-President of the United States and the present Minister to Spain. GENERAL CHARLES HAMLIN, son of Hannibal Hamlin, was born in Hampden, Sep- tember 13, 1837. He prepared for college at Hampden Academy, and graduated from Bowdoin in 1857; was admitted to the Bar of Penobscot county in 1858; com- menced practice in Orland, Hancock county, November 10, 1858; continued there until the War of the Rebel- lion, when he went into the army and was there between three and four years, coming from it with the commission of Brigadier-General.' He went into practice in Bangor in 1865. In 1867 he was appointed Register in Bank- ruptcy, which office he still holds. General Hamlin has done a large business in the pro- fession. After he became Register his time was nearly all given to that business until recently; the cases in that HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 215 court having been generally disposed of, he is now giving his attention to the law. As Register General Hamlin performed the duties of the ofifice ably, systematically, and with good judgment. He was the City Solicitor two years. He is a good lawyer, reliable, courteous, and attentive to the wants of his clients. GEORGE p. SEWALL. Mr. Sewall was born in Franklin county, Maine; read law with Hon. H. Belcher, in Farmington; after admis- sion to the Bar commenced practice in Dexter ; and about 1835 established himself in Oldtown. He was for several years a copartner with Samuel Cony, who was afterward Governor of the State. He has continued in . the practice of law in Oldtown until the present time, and done a very large business. He has been a leading citizen of Oldtown and much connected with the town affairs. Finding Oldtown a favorable locality for an academy, he was largely instrumental in having one es- tablished there. He has been considerably connected with the politics of the State, and has represented his town and the county in the Legislature. During his later years he has been very much interested in agricul- ture, and has done much for the advancement of that department of industry. He has paid particular atten- tion to fruits. Mr. Sewall has been a good lawyer, and true to his clients; and in politics has been very influential. He was opposed to the Rebellion, and by speech and action accomplished much for the cause of the Union. He has for several years been a co-partner with John A. Blanch- ard, the firm name being Sewall & Blanchard ; but his health is now so infirm that he gives little attention to business. He is a man of much humor, and the anecdotes re- lated of him are innumerable. One or two will give a taste of the quality of his wit. While in the House in 1851-52 his seat was at one end of the Hall, and the seat of a member who was in- terested with him in a certain measure, was at the other end. They were as far from each other as they could well be, Sewall being in one of the lowest seats and his coadjutor in one of the highest. The coadjutor had a stentorian voice, and was to make the speech. Before- hand Mr. Sewall said to him that the distance was so great between them that it might be difficult for him to hear all that he said, and he must speak -pretty loud. "How shall I know when I speak loud enough?" "Oh, I will have a newspaper before me, as if reading, . and I will raise it gradually until I can understand you." That was satisfactory, and the member began with tones distinct enough to be heard all over the house. But Mr. Sewall did not understand. The paper went up; the voice went up. Still Mr. Sewall did not understand, ^ and the paper arose again, and the voice arose, but Mr. Sewall was not yet satisfied, and the paper kept its up- ward movement, with a glance occasionally from Mr. Sewall, to the effect that more volume was required; and this was contmued until the voice could reach no higher pitch. People in the street wondered, and the speaker, reeking with perspiration, discovering that the paper was stationary, sat down exhausted, but satisfied with his effort. The House was satisfied; Mr. Sewall was satis- fied; and if the measure was not carried, it was not for want of satisfaction. On another occasion a voluble member had the floor, from whom came, in the opinion of Mr. Sewall and others, more sound than sense. During the effort the gentleman made frequent requisitions upon the page for water. After exhausting several glasses Mr. Sewall be- came exhausted by the gentleman's exuberance, and arose : "Mr. Speaker," he said, "I rise to a point of order." The Speaker — "The gentleman will state his point of order." Mr. Sewall — "I wish to know, Mr. Speaker, whether it is agreeable to the rules of this House, that a windmill shall run by water?" The windmill Iqst its motive power for that day. At one time Mr. Sewall wanted some cedar posts ; his neighbor, the Colonel, also wanted some; and as Mr. Sewall professed to know where there were some good ones, they went together in the woods for them. Their journey was supposed to be upon domains of different proprietors, the Colonel being one and a Massachusetts landholder another, and so on. Mr. Sewall hinted at the propriety of supplying their wants from the land of the non- resident proprietor, as he had no thought for the welfare of Oldtown. At length they came to a spot, the aspect of which was gratifying. "There," said Sewall, "what do you think of that?" "Splendid," was the Colonel's response. "If you will cut it, T will haul it," said Sewall. It was agreed. The posts were cut and hauled agree- ably to the agreement. One half went to the Colonel's and the other half to Sewall's house. Before the hauling was completed the .Colonel was induced by Mr. Sewall to divide a pine tree between them on the same condi- tions. Portions of the cedar and pine went into the com- position of these two gentlemen's front fences. There was no interference and everything was accomplished satisfactorily to both parties. Some time afterward the Colonel, in running the lines of his lot, came to a spot that seemed familiar, and on examining it critically he found it to be the place where he and Sewall had carried on their lumbering operation, and that all of the cedar and pine had been taken from his own land, instead of from that of the Massachusetts proprietor. It is said that for a long time afterward the Colonel was in the habit of telling the story with unction. HON. ALBERT G. WAKEFIELD. Ml. Wakefield was born in Montpelier, Vermont, and losing his father at an early age, he had a fair experience of log-cabin and log-school-house life. Like a large portion of the young men who amount to anything in this country, he had to work his way. After leaving the log school-house familiar with reading, writing, and Adam's arithmetic as far as "the rule of three," he as- pired to a knowledge of grammar, and made his way to Auburn, Massachusetts, where he found a higher grade 2l6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of school than that he had attended. When he informed the teacher of his desire to become acquainted with grammar^ "Grammar!" said the instructor, with staring eyes, "that will do you no good; you had much better study the Catechism!" But the pupil was persistent, and the teacher gave him the instruction' he requested. By the close of the term he knew all of grammar that he could learn there. He also satisfied his teacher with his proficiency in the Westminster Catechism.which was then a sine qua non in the schools. The next winter he was employed to teach the same school. But a man with the qualities young Wakefield pos- sessed does not stop with school-teaching. He will be educated. He applied to the Rev. Enoch Pond, then a clergyman in Auburn, but now the venerable Doc- tor of Divinity, President of the Bangor Seminary, and the celebrated author of many books — for assistance in preparing for college. He did not apply in vain. In due time he entered Brown University, from which institution he graduated in 1830. Making his way to Bucksport in the fall of that year, he took charge of the High School there, and was its Principal for one year. After he had closed his engagement with the Bucksport school, he came to Bangor and entered the office of that thorough lawyer, William Abbot, After studying with him and at the Cambridge Law School, he was admitted to the Bar in Bangor in 1834. Since then he has prac- ticed his profession successfully in Bangor. The entire confidence which he inspired in those who committed their business to his care, brought him a practice of which any lawyer might be proud. He has been largely connected with the city government, having been Mayor two terms, and in both boards at various times; has been City Solicitor and upon the Schopl Committee, and chairman thereof for many years. He has also been a trustee of the State Insane Hospital for several years. A modest man, Mr. Wakefield has never sought an office, and when in office he has performed his duties faithfully and without ostentation. He is a sound lawyer and a most estimable citizen. HON. HENRY E. PRENTISS, son of Henry Prentiss, of Paris, Oxford county, Maine, was born February 12, 1809. He was in the Military Academy at West Point as a cadet for four years, and afterward as a teacher. From there he went to Louisi- ana. He came to Bangor in 1834-35, and studied law with Messrs. Kent and Cutting. He was admitted to the Bar in January, 1836, and went to Orono, where he commenced practice the same year, in connection with Israel Washburn, Jr., who afterwards was a Representa- tive in Congress and Governor of the State. The part- nership continued until 1839. Mr. Prentiss then moved to Bangor. He had a large practice and was an incessant worker; but the emoluments of the profession were not satisfactory. He became convinced that there was more money in the timber-lands of Maine than in the profession; and after a time he devoted himself to the development of that idea with an assiduity that rewarded him with an abundant fortune. Had Mr. Prentiss contin- ued in the practice of the law, he was so inveterately diligent that he would have been successful. But he was a farmer's boy. He loved the open air and took pleasure in long journeys on foot, especially in the forests, where he saw beauties that the devotee of Coke never dreamed of. He was a good citizen, and was appreciated. He represented Bangor in the Legislature, was connected witli the municipal affairs of the city, and was elected Mayor. He died very suddenly, in June, 1873. The Bar adopted resolutions of respect. The following, presented by Hon. A. G. Wakefield, contains a correct summary of his qualities : Resolved, That, in the death of our late brother, Henry E, Prentiss, in the vigor of life and in the full tide of usefulness as a citizen and a man, we have experienced a sorrowful bereavement; that, by his cheer- ful temper, courteous manner, and genial companionship, he had endeared himself not only to Tiis brethren of the profession, but to all in the circle of his acquaintance; that while pnrsuing his professional duties he took a high and honorable position as a member of the Bar, and established the reputation of a good lawyer; that in early life, when surrounded by adverse circumstances, he cheerfully and manfully prac- ticed severe economy; but when wealth had crowned a life of industry, he used it to minister to a refined and cultivated taste, and in liberally and gracefully dispensing his charities and hospitalities for the happi- ness of others; that with a full knowledge of the power belongingto money, rightfully used, it was always to him a servant, and never a master; that he practiced in an eminent degree untiring industry and perseverance, unspotted integrity, and loyalty to dnty in all the relations of life; that in all things he was strictly honest, and the faculties of his large mind were so evenly balanced that he was well quaJi*ied to meet all emergencies of life at all times. HON. JOSIAH CROSBY, son of 01i\ifr Crosby and Harriet (Chase) Crosby, of Atkinson. He was born in Dover, New Hampshire, November 14, 1816, and went with his family to Atkin- son in 1820. He fitted for college at Foxcroft Academy; graduated at Bowdoin in the class of 1835; tookthede- gree of A. M. at the same college in 1838; studied law with Alfred Johnson, of Belfast, and Frederick Hobbs, of Bangor, and Charles P. ChandTer, of Dover; was ad- mitted to the Bar in Piscataquis county, September, 1838; was in practice in company with Mr. Chandler six months; then at Levant, now Kenduskeag, a year and a half; then at Exeter, Maine, until January, 1845, when he removed to Dexter, where he has since practiced, hav- ing business in Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Somerset counties, and in the United States courts for Maine. Mr. Crosby has been twice married — first, in 1844, to Henrietta Hill, daughter of Henry Hill, of Exeter, by whom he had two children, who died in infancy. His wife died in December, 1846. His second wife was Mary Bradbury Foss, daughter of Simon Foss, of Dex- ter, February 27, 1849, by whom he has had nine chil- dren, eight of whom are now living. In politics Mr. Crosby has been always a Whig and a Republican. In 1857, 1863, and 1865, he was Repre- sentative to the State Legislature from the class of De"' ter and Corinna. In 1867 and 1868 he was Senator from Penobscot county, and was President of the Senate in 1868. In the other years of his legislative life he served HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 217 on the judiciary committee. Mr. Crosby was an active member of the Legislature, watched all the business, and in inaportant matters took part; giving all his time and thought, when necessary, and making, in many in- stances, elaborate speeches, which were listened to and read with much interest, and oftentimes influenced legis- lation. In 1870 he made a speech before a committee of the Legislature, against the consolidation of railroads, which attracted much attention. It was published, and in the minds of some had the credit of defeating the bill. He has made addresses on various public occa- sions, and published much in relation to public meas- ures. He has been engaged in important cases in the civil, equity, and criminal courts (State and LTnited States), sometimes involving life, sometimes character, and sometimes large amounts of money ; and has met with his share of success. In his financial affairs he has been moderately prosperous. He has had much to do with matters in which his town has an interest. He framed the Dexter Railroad project, which has been a success, paying the farmers who invested in it their six per cent, interest, as he predicted to them it would. He is a Director in the First National Bank in Dexter; has been counsel and attorney of that bank, of the Dexter Savings Bank, and of the Dexter & Newport Railroad Company from the beginning; and has been the Moder- ator of every annual town meeting in Dexter for the last twenty-five years. Mr. Crosby became a member of the Maine Historical Society in 1868. He says: I have ever been a Unitarian in religion; of temperate habits, fairly industrious, but not so excessively industrious as to endanger my life, as too many men, especially Yankees, do. . . And now, at the age of sixty-two, I feel nearly as young as ever. My family is the source of measureless happiness to me, far beyond the dreams of wealth. Upon tlie whole, I have but little inchnation or cause to find fault with the world. HON. LEWIS BARKKK. Mr. Barker was born in Exeter, in this county, Febru- ary 18, 18 1 6. His father was Nathaniel Barker, a native of Exeter, New Hampshire, who first established himself in Limerick, Maine, and afterward (1802) in the town- ship in Penobscot county to which he was instrumental in giving the name of the place of his nativity. His mother was Sarah Pease, a native of Parsonsfield, Maine, a woman of rare qualities. Lewis was educated in the common schools and Foxcroft academy; but his employ- ment was that of a farm laborer, alternating with that of teacher, until he became of age. He then read law with Albert G. Jewett, in Bangor, for one year, and completed his studies with Messrs, Kent & Cutting. He was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1841, and commenced practice in Stetson, where he remained until 187 1, when he removed to Bangor, and has continued to practice there since. He has for many years been a member of the House and Senate of Maine, and was Speaker of the House in 1867. He has been twice elected a member of the Ex- ecutive Council of Maine, and is now (1881) an Exec- utive Councillor. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Francis aS Hill, of Exeter, and has had two children — a daughter, Evvie, who acquired some distinction as a writer, and died at the age of twenty-four, and a son, Lewis A. Bar- ker, a lawyer, the junior member of the law firm of Bar- ker, Vose & Barker, of which firm the subject of this sketch is the senior member. When Mr. Barker estab- lished himself in Bangor, he commenced practice alone; afterward he received his son as a partner, and the firm name was Barker & Son. Mr. Barker has fine qualities as an advocate and pub- lic speaker, is successful with juries, and is esteemed so with the electors in political campaigns. He has been a Republican ever since the organization of that party, and has done much profitable work for his party on the stump 'in various years in several of the New England, Middle and Western States. He is an indefatigable worker, and now is as active and apparently as vigorous as he has been at any time in his life. He is the brother of Noah Barker, of Exeter, a distinguished citizen of the county and State, and of the late David Barker, the poet lawyer. LEWIS A. BARKER. ' He is the son of Hon. Lewis Barker, and was born in Stetson, Maine, in August, 1854. He graduated at the Albany Law School in 1875, and was admitted to the Penobscot Bar the same yearj when he commenced practice in Bangor with his father, under the firm name of Barker & son. In 1876 he became the junior mem- ber of the present firm of Barker, Vose & Barker. In 1875 he married Miss Maggie, only daughter of Moses L. Appleton, Esq., deceased, formerly one of the leading members of the Penobscot Bar. Mr. Barker possesses qualities which will enable him to do credit to his family and the profession. HON. THOMAS W. VOSE. Thomas Wyman Vose was born in Portland, Maine, July 3, 1830. At the age of three years he came with his father's family to Orrington, near Brewer village. In his fifteenth year he commenced to learn the trade of ship joiner, and continued in that business until the win- ter of 185 1, attending the common school in the winters, excepting one winter, when he attended Hampden Acad- emy, where he commenced preparation for college. After this he diligently pursued the work of preparation, teach- ing, and working at his trade during vacations. He en- tered the scientific department of Hanover College (New Hampshire) a year in advance, and graduated from that institution in July, 1858. After gradua- tion he entered the law office of Albert L Kelley, in Winterport, and was admitted to the Bar of Waldo county at the May term, i860. Since then Mr. Vose has been a great worker in his profession. He opened an office in Winterport, and very soon had the confidence of the people. They elected him Representative to the Legis- lature from the class of Winterport and Frankfort in 1870, and his county sent him to the Senate in 187 1. In January, 1872, he removed to Bangor, and his abilities were recognized in Bangor, as they were in Winterport. He was elected City Solicitor in 1875, ^"ening of Life; 281 pp., i2nio.; Boston, 1859. .. .Memoir of Rev. Duncan Dunbar; Boston, 1865 . . . .Life of Henry Dunster, First President of Harvard College; 315 pp., i2mo. ; Boston, 1872. . .! Memorial Hour; i6mo., 283 pp.; Boston, 1874 Life of Charles Sumner; i2mo., 504 pp.; Boston, 1874 . . . .Memoir of Benjamin Franklin, i2mo., 398 pp. ; Bos- ton, 1876. . . .Chips from the White House; i2mo., 488 pp.; 1 88 1. Chaplin, Mrs. Jane D. (Bangor). Author of several volumes, and contributor to the Watchman and Reflec- tor, Baptist Missionary Magazine, Helping Hand, etc. CoAN, Rev. Leander S. (Garland, Chaplain in United States army.) Centennial Discourse at Boothbay (where the author was minister); Boston, 1866. .. .Patriotic Poems: The Old Corporal's Ballads; New Hampshire, 1879. Cornwall, Rev. Nathaniel E. (Rector St. John's Episcopal church, Bangor, 1855-56.) Contributor to literary magazines and papers. . . .Essays on Music — Address before Penobscot Musical Association; Bangor, 1855- Crosby, Mrs. Eliza L. (Bangor). In Memoriam of Deacon Eliashib Adams, Bangor, with a portrait— editor of this "Autobiography," and author of the Memoir of Henry M. Adams; 132 pp.; Bangor, 1865 — Poem and Hymn at the Centennial Celebration of Bangor, September 30, 1869; 12 pp.; Notice of Rev. Harvey Loomis, minister First Congregational church, Bangor, 1811-25, 6 pp., published with the proceedings; Bangor, 1870. . . .Other fugitive pieces. Cummings, Rev. Ephraim C. (Pastor First Congrega- tional church. Brewer, 1858-60). In Memory of Hon. Erastus Fairbanks; 16 pp.; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1864. .. .Discourses of First Principles; i2mo., 203 pp.; Portland, 1873.... The Great Question: Twelve Lessons on Faith; 347 pp.; 1878. Curtis, D. D., Rev. Thomas (pastor First Baptist HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 233 Church, Bangor, 1834-37). Thanksgiving Disconrse; 22 pp.; Bangor, 1835 ... .Editor Bangor Journal, 18J7 ....Address at the funeral of Hon. Jacob Axton, Charleston, South Carolina, 1843. Cutting, Hon. Jonas (Bangor. Judge of the Su- preme Judicial Court, 1854-75). Decisions during that time published in the Maine Reports. Davenport, Frederick. S. (Bangor). Organ Gems, and other musical productions. Deane, Sarah Maria (Bangor). Sunshine and Shade, or the Dunham Family; Bangor, 1844 — second edition, Boston, 1846. Dole, Rev. Nathan (pastor of First Congregational church. Brewer, 1842-50). Editor of the publications of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; Boston, 1850-55 . . . .Contributor to magazfnes and papers. Dole, Rev. Charles F. (Brewer). Sermons, and contributor to magazines and papers. Dole, Nathan Haskell (Brewer). Young Folks' History of Russia, one hundred illustrations; 1881 .... Editor and translator of Rambaud's Popular History of Russia .... Fugitive articles in prose and poetry. Douglass, Rev. Ebenezer (pastor Oldtown Con- gregational church, 1855-60). In Memory of Rev. Nathaniel H. Broughton; Boston and North Yarmouth, 1866. Drinkwater, Anna F. Memoir of Mrs. Deborah H. Porter, wife of Rev. Charles G. Porter, of Second Bap- tist church, Bangor; 269 pp.; Portland, 1848. Duren, Elnathan F. (Bookseller, Bangor, 1834-81). Compiler and editor of the Minutes of the General Con- ference of the Congregational Churches in Maine, 1853- 1881; average about 100 pages annually; Portland and Bangor .... Congregational Churches and Ministers in Maine, 1672-1867, 67 pp., 8vo. ; Portland, 1867.... Supplement to the same, 1868-1876, with index of fifty years, 67 pp — (semi-centennial anniversary); Portland, 1876. .. .Bibliography of Maine (in part); Brunswick, 1872 ... .Minutes (annual) of the Penobscot Musical Association, 1847 to 1881 ... .Manual of Hammond Street Congregational Church, Bangor, 1833-1871, 52 pp. i2mo.; Bangor, 1871 ... .Supplement to same, 1873, 1877, and 1878, 24 pp.; Bangor.'. ..History of Penobscot County; quarto, in History of New England, 8 pp.; Crocker & Co., Boston, 1878 and 1880. . . .Con- tributions to the History of Penobscot County; Williams, Chase & Co., Cleveland, 1881 . . . .Bibliography of Pe- nobscot County, in the same, 1881 . . . .Correspondent of several newspapers. Ellis, Rev. Thomas L. (Bangor). The Observance of the Sabbath; 14 pp.; Worcester, Massachusetts, 1872. Emery, Mrs. Deborah Brown (Brewer). Fugitive pieces, prose and poetry. .Everett, Rev. Charles C. (Pastor Unitarian church, Bangor, 1859-69). Eulogy on the Death of Abraham Lincoln, 30 pp.; Bangor, 1865 ... .Sermon preached on the Sabbath after President Lincoln's death, with re- marks on the day of the funeral, 25 pp.; Bangor, iS6s ... . Landing of the Pilgrims, 10 pp. j Bangor, 1865 .... The Science of Thought: A System of Logic, 423 pp.; Boston, 1869, . . . A Christmas Sermon; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Essays, in reviews and in volumes. Fay, Rev. Solomon P. (Bangor, Pastor of Hammond Street Church 1866-79). National Corruption ■ the Cause of National Calamity: Sermon on Fast Day, de- livered in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and Hampton, New Hampshire; 21 pp.; Boston, 1854. .. .Memorial Discourse on the Life and Character of Calvin H. Brown, Esq., Raymond, New Hampshire; 16 pp.; Boston, 1865 .... Duty of Christians to Unite with some Church; 12 pp.; Boston, 1866. Fernald, Ph. D., Merritt C. (President of State College, Orono). Published in 1868, in a report on the Variations of the Magnetic Needle, by Hon. Noah Bar- ker, 12 pp., including a table of Azimuths of the North Star, for the latitude of Maine, from A. D. 1868 to 1900 ... .In College Report, 24 pp., including 14 pages Me- teorological Tables ; 1869. In subsequent reports, 1870- 80, from 13 to 28 pp. each year, and 16 pp. in each year of Meteorological Tables. In 1879 and 1880 there are 34 and 36 pp. additional. In report of the Maine Board of Agriculture, — The Distribution of Rains; 16 pp.; 1870 ....Plant Growth; 16 pp.; 1871 ... .Protection from Lightning; 20 pp.; 1872 .. . .Agriculture Compared with other Industries; 20pp.; 1873. • ■ -Education and Labor; 12 pp.; 1875. .. .Taxation; 22 pp.; 1876-77 .... Margin of Profit; 17 pp.; 1877-78. .. .Catalogues of Maine State College; 50 pp., 1868-70; 100 pp., 1878-81 ... .Cata- logues and Reports of Levant and Foxcrolt Academy ; 1857-68. .. .Short papers — articles for agricultural and other journals .... Paper on a BarometLcal Determina- tion of the Altitude of Mount Katahdin; 1874.... Baccalaureate Address; 1880. .. .Records of Geodetic and Astronomical Work, etc.; 50 pp. Fernald, A. M., Charles H. (Professor in Maine State College, Orono). Various papers and lectures on Natural History; among them — "Destructive Insects,' in the Transactions of the State Pomological Society, 1875; and another article on the same topic in the Report of the Maine Board of Agriculture, 1877. . . .Extended articles in the Canadian Entomologist, American Natur- alist, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, of London, Mi- croscopic Journal .... Reports to the Trustees of the State College ; published yearly. .. .A lecture delivered in Portland, Maine. ... Method of Preparing and Mounting Wings of Microlepidoptera, in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; August, 1880. .. .Review of Lord Walsing- ham's illustration of typical specimens of North Ameri- can Tortricidse in Psyche, the organ of the Cambridge Entomological Club; October, 1880. . . .Natural History of the Army Worm ; 1881 ... .A Synonymical Catalogue of the Tortricidse of North America in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia ; 1881 .... In preparation, A Manual of Entomology, for use in schools and colleges. . . .Papers have appeared in Maine Farmer, Home Farm, Aroos'took Times, Zion's Herald, etc. Field, M. D,, Edward M. (Bangor). Criticism upon 234 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Critics, in Voices of the Kenduskeag: 1848 My Sister, in Native Poets of Maine; Bangor, 185 1 Poems at college class meetings, etc. Field, D. D., Rev. George W. (Bangor ; Pastor First Congregational Church, Brewer, 1853-56; Cehtral Church, Bangor, from 1864). Sermon before the Maine Missionary Society at Lewiston— " Christianity has Espe- cial Regard to the Humbler Classes ; " 22 pp.; Portland, 1867. Addresses and communications published in pa- pers'of the day. FiSKE, D. D., Rev. John O. (Bangor; Pastor Winter Street Church, Bath, from 1843). The Omnipresence of God; 14 pp.; Bath, 1847 Obedience to Law; Bath, 1850 Man an Uncertain Object of Reliance; On the death of Zachary Taylor; 16 pp.; Bath, 1850. . . . Discourse on the death of General William King; 32 pp.; Bath, 1852 On the Fifth Commandment; 17 pp.; 1859 National Troubles: On the day of the National Fast; 19 pp.; Bath, i86t . . . .Salvation — Conver- sion of Children; A sermon before the Maine Missionary Society, Portland; 15 pp.; Portland, 1862. . . .Commission of the Church- A sermon before the General Conference of Congregational Churches in Maine, at Foxcroft; Portland, 1880. . . .Early Religious History of Bath; in the Times, 1881 ... .Various articles in magazines and newspapers. Freeman, Rev. Frederick (Rector St. John's Episco- pal Church, B.ingor, 1839-40). Religious Liberty; 32 pp.; Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1832 ... . History ol Cape Cod; Boston, 1860-62. . . .Plea for Psalmody; 1836. . . . Plea for Africa; 1838. .. .Civilization and Barbarism; Illustrated by especial reference to Metacomet and the extinction of his race; 1878. Fuller, Melville W. (Bangor). "Remorse," and "Bachannalian Song," in Native Poets of Maine; Bangor, 1851. Oilman, Charles (Bangor). Fugitive Pieces.... Editor of Bangor Clarion and of a magazine. Oilman, D. D., Rev. Edward W. (Pastor First Con- gregational Church, Bangor, 1859-63). Farewell Ser- mon; 22 pp., 8vo; Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, 1858. ... .Sermon after Installation at Bangor; 24 pp.; Ban- gor, 1859. .. .Address before Penobscot Musical Asso- ciation; Bangor, 1862.... The Fellowship of the Churches; 8 pp.; 1870. . . .Articles published in the New Englander and Congregational Quarterly, some of them issued in separate form .... Articles on Congregational- ism and Bible Societies in Cyclopaedias (Johnson's, Ap- pleton's, etc.), and for newspapers and magazines. Godfrey, Hon. John E. (Judge of Probate, Penob- scot county, 1857-80; President of the Historical So- ciety from 1873). 1'he Speculator, Stephen Skidd, 6 pp., and Penobscot Characters, 10 pp., in Voices of the Kenduskeag; Bangor, 1848 Addresses before the Penobscot Musical Association, of which he was Presi- dent; Bangor, 1858-59 Addresses at the Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of Bangor, September 30, 1869; 17 pp.; also "The Rhyme of the Ancient City Hall," and "To the Penobscot, Now"; 18 pp.; published in the volume issued by the Committee of Arrange ments; 182 pp.; Bangor, 1870. .. .Address before the State Pomological Society, 1873.... The Ancient Pe- nobscot; 24 pp.; Pilgrims of the Penobscot; 17 pp.; Baron de St. Castin; 35 pp.; Castin, the Younger; 21 pp.; Bashaba and the Tarratines, 15 pp., in vol. vii., Maine Historical Collections; Bath, 1876. .. .Notice of David Barker, prefixed to his Poems; Bangor, 1876. . ,, Norumbega, and Notice of Judge Edward Kent, in vol, viii., Maine Historical Collections, 1881. Goodale, Ephraim (Orrington). The New Pleasing Spelling Book. Goodale, Samuel L. (Orrington). Reports and Papers on the Agriculture of Maine, 16 vols. Goodwin, Mrs. Hannah E. Bradbury (Bangor). Madge; 407 pp.; New York, 1864. . . .Sherbrooke; 500 pp.; New York, 1868 .... Dr. Howell's Family; 360 pp.; Boston, 1869. . . .Christine's Fortune; 300 pp.; Boston, 1881. Contributor to magazines, etc. Hamlin, M. D., Augustus C. (Bangor). SalmonidK of Maine; 12 pp., 8vo; Bangor, 1856. . . . Martyria; or the Andersonville Prison; 256 pp., i2mo; Boston, 1866. . . . .The Tourmaline: Its Relation as a Gem, etc.; 107 pp.; Boston, 1873 ... .Alimentation Considered in Its Relations to the Progress and Prosperity of the Nation. ... .Transfusion. .. .Transmission of Disease. .. .Te- tanus. . . .The Emerald. . . .Origin and Properties of the Diamond. . . .Leisure Hours with the Gems; 2 vols, (in preparation). Hamlin, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Cyrus (Professor /w iem. Bangor Theological Seminary, 1877-81). Among the Turks; 378 pp., i2mo.. New York, 1878 Mis- sionary and Educational Works While Missionary in Turky, 1S38-1860, and President of Robert College,, Constantinople, 1860-77 ... .Various articles in Mis- sionary Herald, Christian Mirror, Vermont Chronicle, New York Observer, New York Evangelist, Independent, Christian Union, etc. Hamlin, Hon. Elijah L. (Mayor of Bangor, 1853- 54; President Bangor Historical Society, 1864-73). ^"J" dresses and Historical Sketches. Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal (Hampden and Bangor). Agricultural and Literary Addresses, Orations on the Fourth of July, Lyceum Lectures by the Hon. Senator and ex-Vice-Piesident of the United States, have been published, and Reports and Speeches in the Maine Leg- islature and in the United States House of Representa- tives and Senate. Notably among the latter were those in the opening of the debate of two days on the admission of California, 1850; the Report and Speeches on the Bill to relieve ship-owners for property destroyed by fire at sea, for which he received many thanks and a recep- tion and dinner by the merchants of Boston — A Speech on the Oregon Question; 8 pp.; January i2i 1846. . . .On the Compromise Bill to Establish Terri- torial Government in Oregon, New Mexico, and Cali- fornia; 8 pp.; July 22, 1848.. ..On resigning his posi- tion as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, and the tests of the CincinnaiiConvention; 8 pp.; Jun^ '^' 1856 On the admission of Kansas into the Union as a State, the Lecompton Constitution: A reply to Cover- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 235 nor Hammond and in defense of the North and Northern laborers; i6 pp.; March 9-10, 1858. .. .On the Bill to restrict the Immigration of the Chinese to the United States, February i4--i5, 1879.... In defense of the Rights of American Fishermen; 16 pp.; August 3-5, 1859. Harlow, N. Sparhawk (Bangor). Editor of the pro- ceedings at the celebration of the Centennial of the Set- tlement of Bangor, September 30, 1869; 8vo, 182 pp.; Bangor, 1870. Harlow, Thomas S. (Bangor). A correspondent and writer on topics of the day for the Boston Journal, 1833, and so on; Louisville Journal, 1848; forjournalsin Boston, edited by B. B. Thatcher, and in Portland, edited by Seba Smith ("Jack Downing"), and for other papers. Also for the Penobscot Magazine about 1834-3S.... Editor of Piscataquis Herald, Dover, Maine, for three months .... Letter in the Bangor Centennial History, 1869. Harris, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Samukl (Professor in Bangor Theological Seminary, 1855-67). Training Chil- dren for the Conversion of the World : A Prize Essay, American Tract Society, New York; 24 pp.; 1844. . . .The Mexican War: A sermon preached at the annual Thanks- giving in Conway, Massachusetts, November 26, 1846; 24pp.; Greenfield, Massachusetts, 1847 ■ • • -Christ's Pres- ence with his Ministers : A Sermon at the Ordination of Oliver M. Sears, Dalton, Massachusetts; 22 pp.; Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1847. . . .Christ the Theme of the Sanc- tuary, at dedication of a church edifice in Hatfield, Massachusetts; 23 pp.; Northampton, Massachusetts, 1850 .... The Maxim for the Times : A Sermon preached in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, July 4, 1852; 22 pp Pernicious Fiction: or the Tendencies and Re- sults of Indiscriminate Novel Readmg ; A Prize Essay ; 32 pp.; American Female Guardian Society, New York, 1853.... The Demands of Sinners Unreasonable, Mat- thew xxvii.42; Characteristics of True Love to God, Mark xii.30; m National Preacher, 10 pages each. New York, 1853.... The Scriptural Principle of Total Abstinence from Intoxicating Liquors; 12 pp.; Bangor, 1859.... Politics in the Pulpit, Portland Mirror, i860.... Our Conntry's Claim : An Oration in Norombega Hall, Bangor, July 4, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1861 .. . .The Son of Man: ASar- raon before the Maine Missionary Society at Biddeford; 15 pp; Portland, 1863 ... .Address at the Centennial An- niversary at the Settlement of Machias ; in Report, etc., 180 pp.; Machias, 1863. .. .Inaugural Address at the Author's Induction to the Presidency of Bowdoin Col- lege, August 6, 1867; 45 pp.; Brunswick, 1867.. ..The Christian Doctrine of Human Progress, Contrasted with the Naturalistic; Boston Lectures, p. 1-65; Boston, 1870. .. .Address at the Author's Induction as Dwight P/ofessor of Systematic Theology, in Yale College, Oc- tober 10, 1871; 23 pp.; New Haven, Connecticut, 187 1 ....The Kingdom of Christ on Earth, twelve lectures delivered before the students in Andover Theological Seminary; 255 pp., 8vo; Andover, Massachusetts, 1874 . . . . Zaccheus, or the Scriptural Plan of Benevolence: A Prize Essay; 87 pp.; American Tract Society, New York.. ..Christ's Prayer for the Death of His Redeemed; A Gift for Mourners ; American Tract Society, Boston. ....Articles published in the New Englnnder, a quar- terly, in New Haven, Connecticut, viz: 1 he Cause and Cure of Sectarianism; 13pp.; January, 1847.... The Dependence, of Popular Progress on Christianity; 29 pp.; July, 1847 . . . . Upham's Life of Madam Guyon ; 12 pp.; April, 1848. . . .Necessity of Completeness in the Christian Lile; 30 pp.; August, 1849. ■ • Review of Hum- phrey's Memoirs of Professor N. W. Fiske; 14pp.; August, 1850 . . . .The Conditions of Missionary Success; 19 pp.; November, 1850. . . .(Jobai's Abyssinia Reviewed; 13 pp.; November, 1850. ... Endless Punishment a Result of Character; 12 pp.; May, 1851.... The Harmony of Natural Science and Theology : Address at the Anniver- sary of the Berkshire Medical School ; 20 j^p.; February, 1852 ... .Louis Kossuth; 20 pp.; February, 1S52.... The Complete Academic Education of Females; 31 pp.; August, 1853. .. .Politics of the Pulpit; 24 |)p.; May, 1854. . . .Infidelity : Its Erroneous Principles of Reason- ing; 24 pp.; August, 1854. . . .Development and Evolu- tion; 23pp.; November, 1859.... The Christian Doc- trine of Labor; 32 pp ; April, 1868. . . .Smyth's Religious Feeling; 8 pp.; 1878.... The Millenium Conference; 36 pp.; 1878. .. .Articles in the Bibliotheca Sacra, An- dover, Massachusetts, viz: Demands of Infidelity Satis- fied by Christianity; 41 pp. vol. 13 pp. 272-314; April, 1856. .. .The Christian Law of Self-sacrifice; 34 pp.; January, 1861 ... .Marks of the Supernatural in God's Promise to Abraham ; 20 pp.; January, 1865.... Some publications in other magazines and newspapers. Hatch, Elizabeth P. (Bangor). Childhood and the Old Elm, in Voices of the Kenduskeag ; Bangor, 1848. .... Articles in magazines and newspapers ; a skilful and full reporter of lectures, etc. Hathaway, Hon. Joshua W. (Bangor). Address at Ellsworth, on the 4ih of July, about 1832. . . .Opinions as Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1852-59; pub- lished in the reports of decisions. Hazlewood, Rev. Francis T. (Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Bangor, from 1869). Sermon in mem- ory of Chapin Humphrey, 40 pp.; Bangor, 1875 • ■ • -Ad- dresses in local papers and contributions to magazines, etc. Hedge, D. D., Rev. Frederick H. (Pastor Unitarian Church, Bangor, 1835-50). Practical Goodness the True Religion, 15 pp.; Bangor, 1840.. ..Discourse on the Death of William H. Harrison, Ninth President of the United Stares, 24 pp.; Bangor, 1841 ... .Character of Dr. Channing; Bangor, 1842 .... German Prose Writers, 567 pp., 1848; new edition, with introductory biographical sketches, 1870 Conscience and the State, 15 pp.; Providence, Rhode Island, 1851.... Christian Liturgy, 78 pp.; 1853. . . .The National Weak- ness, 19 pp., Boston, 1861 . . . .Death of Edward Ever- ett; Boston, 1865 ... .Primeval World of Hebrew Tra- dition, 283 pp.. Boston, 1870. .. .Reason in Religion, 458 pp., 1865; new edition, 1875 ... .German Proposi- tions, 20 p|)., 1874-75. . . .AVays of the Spirit, 367 pp.; 1877. . . .Numerous pamphlets and communications for 236 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. magazines and the newspaper press .... In "Voices from the Kenduskeag;" Bangor, 1848: The Morning Star; Sorg of the Angels; The Dream; Veneration lor the Past; Stanzas; 40 pp. Herrick, D. D., Rev. John R. (Professor in Bangor Theological Seminary, 1867-73). Graded Schools: A series of articles in village paper, Malone, New York; 1859 Lecture on Education; 1857 Sermons in Malone: {a) Signs of the Times, 1861; {b) Why this Waste? at soldier's funeral, 1864; {c) Funeral Sermon, 1865 . . . .The Will, Normal and Abnormal, in Theolog- ical Review; New York, 1861 Radical Defect in Education, in Theological and Presbyterian Review; New York, 1863. .. .Inaugural Address at Bangor, in Bibliotheca Sacra; Andover, Massachusetts, 1868.... Education for the Ministry; Portland, 1868. . . .The Phil- osophy of Nescience; 1869. .. .Positivism, in Boston Lectures, p. 66-102; Boston, 1870. . . .Christian Culture, in Journal of Education; 1 871 ... .Lecky on Morals; 1872 ... .Woman's Influence, in Hampshire Gazette; 1874. .. .Review of "Sex in Education," Journal of Education; Boston, 1875 ... .Grace, Inspiration, Justifi- cation, Locke and his Philosophy^four articles in John- son's Encyclopedia; 1875 . . . .Religion and the Bible in Education, in several articles; 1880. .. .Discourse at Commencement of Pacific University, Portland, Oregon (of which Dr. R. is now President), on Education in general, and Education on the Pacific Coast in particu- lar; Portland, Oregon, 1881. Hill, John B. (Bangor). History of Mason, New Hampshire; 324 pp., 8vo.; Boston and Bangor, 1858 .... Memoir and Sermons of Rev. Ebenezer Hill, Mason, New Hampshire; 115 pp., 8vo.; Boston and Bangor, 1858. .. .Articles in Historical Magazine; February, 1871. HoDSDON, General John L. (Bangor). Reports as Adjutant-General of Maine, 1861-66; six volumes; con- taining names of Maine volunteers and action of the State during the Civil War, with some history and inci- dents; Augusta. Howard, Blanche Willis (Bangor). One Summer ; i6mo., 254 pp.; Boston, 1875 One Year Abroad; i6mo., 247 pp.; Boston, 1877 Aunt Serena, 332 pp.; Boston, 1 88 1. .. .Correspondent from abroad of the Boston Transcript, etc. Howard, Rev. Richard L. (Pastor Free Baptist Church, Bangor). A work on Baptism History of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois Regiment, from 1862 to 1865, of which he was chaplain during the late Civil War; 519 pp., 8vo.; Springfield, Illinois, 1880. "Index, P. Q.," nom de plume {^angox). Indexes to The Nation, Atlantic Monthly, International, Lippincott's Magazine, Eclectic, Living Age, Scribner's Monthly; Bangor, 1880-81 ... .The Monograph— fortnightly— a Bsrial collection of indexed Essays "of scholarly accuracy and literary merit" (so writes a critic). Twenty-five articles already issued, others in preparation; Bangor, 1880-81.... A Manual of Misused Words (in pressl 7» pp.; Bangor, 1881. Ingersoll, Mrs. Henrietta C. (Bangor, 1840-62.) Love and Romance; Manners; The Whistling Wind; A Dirge; The Archer and the Maid; An Apology, 43 pp. in Voices from the Kenduskeag; Bangor, 1848 A prize essay on the Intellectual Wants of Farmers, pub- lished in pamphlet, form, 1857 ... .Edited, in 1863,3 paper issued weekly for soldiers in Armory Square Hos- pital, Washington, District of Columbia, called the Armory Square Hospital Gazette .... Has been a fre^ quent writer for the press lor many years. Johnson, Rev. Edwin (Pastor Hammond Street Church Bangor, 1861-65). Class Poem at Yale College, 1846 20 pp.; New Haven .... Review of "Elsie Venner"; Bos- ton Review, 12 pp.; 1861 . . . .The Want and the Supply; A sermon before the American Education Society, 17 nn,' Boston, 1863. . . .Reviewed "Hannah Thurston;" Nor- thern Monthly, 10 pp.; Portland, 1864. . . .Discourse on the Death of Abraham Lincoln; Bangor, 1865. . . .Mary- land Congregationalists Two Hundred Years Ago; Con. gregational Quarterly, 20 pp.; Boston, 1865. . . .Address at the laying of the corner stone of the First Congrega- tional Church, Washington, District of Columbia; Con- gregational Quarterly, 16 pp.; Boston, 1866. . . .Discourse in memory of George Sterling, 12 pp.; Bridgeport, Con- necticut, 1871 . . . .The Mouth of Gold: a series of dra- matic sketches illustrating the life of Chrysostom, 109 pp.; New York, 1873 .... Fugitive pieces, prose and poetry, have been published. Kent, George (Bangor). Address before the New Hampshire Alpha of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, on the Claims and Characteristics of the Age in which they live; 1 831 ... .Biographical sketch of Hon. Joseph Bell, a prominent lawyer of Boston, and formerly of New Hamp. shire; Boston, 1 851.... Poem for Bangor's Centennial, 1869. . . .Editor of three or four papers; contributor to the Law Reporter, Boston, and numerous articles in prose and verse to other papers. Kent, Hon. Edward (Bangor). Addresses as Mayor of Bangor, 1836-38 .... Messages as Governor of Maine, 1838-40. . . .Reports as Commissioner oh the Northeast-, ern Boundary question, 1842, etc. . . . Correspondent for the press while Consul at Rio Janeiro, 1850. . . .Opinions as Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1859-73, in re- ports of decisions .... Two sketches in Voices Irom the Kenduskeag, Bangor, 1848, entitled, A Vision of Ban- gor in the Twentieth Century, 14 pp.; The Field of the Incurables (1826), 8 pp. Knapp, Rev. Arthur M. (Pastor of the Unitarian Church, Bangor, September, 1871, to March, 1879). Sermons and addresses, and contribtitions to magazines and papers. Lamson, Joseph (Sebec). Round Cape Horn, and California Scenes, 156 pp., i2mo; Bangor, 1878. Lancey, S. Herbert (Bangor). Editor of Native Poets of Maine, 312 pp.; Bangor, 1851. Leonard, Rev. Edwin (Bangor). Discourse on Slavery, 28 pp,; Milton, Massachusetts, 1854. •••F""* eral Discourse on the Death of Sergeant Lawrence R' Rankin, Rochester, Massachusetts, July 3, 1864; New Bedford Standard. . . .Centennial Sermon, Morris, Con- necticut, July 9, 1876; Waterbury Atnerican. HISTORY OP PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 237 Leonard, Jr., George (Brewer). Practical Treatise on ArithraeliG, 342 pp.; Boston, 1843. . . .Primary Arith- metic, 54 pp.; Boston, 1843. . . .Several important arti- cles in the North American Review — one of these, a Re- view of Abercrombie on the Intellectual Powers and the Investigation of Truth, attracted much attention and received high praise. Leonard, Rev. Henry C. (Pastor Universalist Church, Orono, 1847-55). -^ Sheaf from a Pastor's Field, 400 pp.; Boston, 1.856. .. .Pigeon Cove, 200 pp.; Boston, 1873 ....Lake Charms, in the National Era; Washington, 1852. . . .Orono's Centennial, a Poem, Birthday Celebra- tion, 3 pp.; 1874. Lewis, Rev. Wales (Pastor First Congregational Church, Brewer, 1831-38). Discourse in reference to difficulties in the church at South Weymouth, Massachu- setts, where he was then pastor, 28 pp.; Boston, 1841. LirrLE, Rev. George B. (Pastor First Congregational Church, Bangor, 1849-57). Music as a Science, an Art^ a Language: An address before the Penobscot Musical Association, of which he was President, 14 pp.; Bangor, 185s . . . .Sermon at the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society, Bath, 16 pp.; Augusta,. 1857. . . .Reminiscences of, and Sermons, with Portrait, 171 pp.; Boston, 1861. LiTTLEFiELD, Mrs. Sophie B. (Bangor). Hymns and Poems for Special Occasions, Dedicatory, in Menioriam, etc. LooMis, Rev. Harney (Pastor First Congregational Church, Bangor, 181 1-25). Sermon at the Sixteenth Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society at Port- land, 24 pp.; Halloweli, 1823 .... (Rev. Eliphalet Gil- lett's Sermon at the Ordination of Mr. Loomis, 20 pp.; published at Buckstown, now Bucksport, i8ii). LovEjOY, Re.v. Joseph C. (Pastor of the Congrega- tional[?] Church, Oldtown, 1835-39). Alliances of Jehosh- aphat, 7 pp.; Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, 1844.... Discourse at the Funeral of Rev. J. Wilder, 16 pp.; Bos- ton, 1844. .. .The Law and the Offense (temperance), 16 pp.; Boston, 1852 .... Discourse at the Funeral of Mrs. E. W. Denton, 16 pp.; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1853 (Review of "The Law and the Offense," 31 pp.; Boston, 1852). Luce, Sarah Jane (Hampden). Contributor to the Boston Commonwealth, from 1868; previously had written articles for several local journals; occasionally articles in Portland Transcript and an Illinois journal. Mace, Mrs. Frances Laughton (Bangor). From the age of fifteen has written for the press, and her produc- tions have many of- them been included in selections of poems and published in volumes. The earliest, "Only Waiting," has appeared in books of hymns and musical selection. . . . "Castles in the Fire," and "Paradise," ap- peared in Native Poets of Maine; Bangor, 1851.... Hymn for Bangor's Centennial, published with the pro- ceedings; 1869. .. .Later, "The Phantom Ship," in Longfellow's Poems of New England .... In Harper's Magazine, May, 1877, " Israfel," with Illustrations; other articles in subsequent numbers. . . . Harper's Cyclopaedia O.f 5ri.tis,h 4.nd Ameri.c^ri Poetry, edited by the. late Epes Sargent, and recently published, has a biographical notice of Mrs. Mace, and several columns of her poems. She has contributed for many years to the New York Journal of Commerce, later to the Portland Transcript, and occasionally to other papers; also to the Atlantic and Lippincott's Magazines, Good Company, and other monthlies.' Maltby, Rev. John (Pastor Hammond Street Con- gregational Church, Bangor, 1834-60). Sermon at Portland, at the ordination of Rev. Cyrus Hamhn as Missionary to Turkey, 40 pp.; Bangor, 1838. . . .Charac- teristics of the Times, Annual Fast, 30 pp.; Bangor, 1838. . . .The Offense, a Temperance Discourse, 28 pp.; Bangor, 1839 .... Impulses of Piety, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1844. . . .The Error and the Correction, 20 pp.; Bangor, 1S45 • ■ • -God our Helper, at the Funeral of J. B. Fol- som, Bucksport, 16 pp.; New York, 1854. .. .Govern- ment, 12 pp.; Bangor, 1856. ... Heaven First: A dis- course at the Fifty-second Anniversary of the Maine Mis- sionary Society, at Portland, 16 pp.; Augusta, 1859. . . . A Pattern Church, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1859. . . .Discourse at the Quarter-centennial Anniversary of his Pastorate; Bangor, 1859. . . .(Addresses of Drs. Pond and Shepard at his funeral; Bangor, i860). Mansfikld, Rev. Daniel H. (Pastor First Methodist Church, Bangor, 1850-52). American Vocalist (church music), 350 pp.; 1847. Marden, Mrs. Sarah Hayford (Bangor). Fugitive pieces, essays, short stories, and poems — among them The Sleeping Babe, in Native Poets of Maine ; Bangor, ' 1 851 ... .Spring, May 9, 1879; Helen Thurlow's May Basket, April 27, 1881, in Christian Unions-other articles in the same journal ; earlier in New York Journal of Commerce, and later in Life and Light. Mason, D. D., Rev. Javan K. (Pastor Congregational Church, Hampden, 1849-64). Youth and Age; 30 pp.; Bangor, 1859 ... .Sermon at Sixty-third Anniversary of Maine Missionary Society at Yarmouth; The Vitality of a Religion of Principle; 14 pp.; Port nd,;87o. . . .The In- ternational Congress, in Relation to Crime and Prisons ; 12 pp.; Augusta, 1872. . . .Monuments: A Temperance Discourse; 16 pp.; Rockland, 1872 . . . .The Great Cora- mission and Promise : A discourse on the quarter- centennial of his ordination; 14 pp.; Thomaston, 1874 .... Prison and Prison Discipline : An address in a con vention of legislators and officers of the law; 22 pp.; Augusta, 1876. Mason, Rev. William (Bangor). Sermon on. the Death of a Young Lady [Nancy Mann]; Castine, 1799. Mitchell, Marion (Bangor). Fugitive pieces, chiefly for children, in weekly papers and magazines, such as Youth's Companion, Harper's Young People, etc ... . Two sketches of travel in Harper's Magazine, 1878. Merrill, Rev. Samuel H (Pastor Congregational Church, Oldtown, 1846-54). Campaigns of the First Maine Cavalry ; 436 pp; Portland, 1866. MuNSELL, Rev. Joseph R. (Pastor Congregational Church, Burlington, 1831-39; and East Brewer, now Holden, 1839-52). Discourse Qn Searching the Scriptures ; 7 pp ; B.angor, 1.849. 238 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Nealley, Edward B. (Bangor). A Year in Montana ; in Atlantic Monthly, 1866. . . .Hymn for Bangor's Cen- tennial, 1869. .. .A Gold Hunt on the Yellowstone, in Lippincott's Magazine Address at Bangor, July 4, 1876. . . .Address at the Centennial of the Incorporation of Thomaston, Maine, 1877 ... .Genealogical Tree of the Nealley. True Family, of Notlingham, New Hamp- shire (a large chart); Bangor, 1878-. .. .Address at the Centennial of the Incorporation of Bath, Maine, 1881. NoRCROss, Christopher C. (Corinth). Sacred Songs. Norton, David (Oldtown). SkL-tches of Oldtown, from its settlement to 1877; 152 pp.; Bangor, 1881. O'Brien, Rev. M. C. (Pastor of St. Mary's Catholic Church, Bangor, 1881). Grammatical Notes on the Abenaquis, or Alriambe Indians' Language— in manu- script Contributor to the Celtic Monthly, and to various papers. Paine, Albert W. (Bangor). Correspondence, 10 pp., in Voices from the Kenduikeag; Bangor, 1848. .. .Re- port as Bank and Insurance Commissioner; 80 pp. m 1868; 84 pp. in 1869. . . .Insurance Commissioner; 194 pp. in 1870; 190 pp. in 1871; 190 pp. in 1872 Tax Commissioner; 32pp. in 1874. Each of the above pub- lished in Augusta. . . .Paine Genealogy, Ipswich Branch ; 184 pp.; Bangor, 1881 Correspondent of Boston Advertiser, etc. Paine, D. D., Rev. Levi L. (Professor in Theological Seminary, Bangor, from 1871) Christian Evangelism : A Sermon at Seventieth Anniversary of the Maine Mis- sionary Society in Calais; 12 pp.; Bangor, 1877 The Congregational Order of Worship : Address before the General Conference of Maine, at Portland; 16 pp.; Ban- gor, 1881 . . . .Fast-day sermon, on National Grounds for Fasting and Prayer, preached at Farmington, Connecticut, where he was then pastor ; 16 pp.; 1862 .... Discourse in Memory of Rev. Noah Porter, D. D.; 15 pp.; Farming- ton, Connecticut, 1867 ... .Inaugural Address as Pro- fessor of Ecclesiastical History, Bangor Seminary ; 19 pp.; 187 1 .... Many contributions to periodicals, among them Church Polity, Infant Church Membership, Primi- tive Form of Baptism, The Lord's Supper, Pastorless Churches, etc. Paine, Selma W. (Bangor). Among her publications are a half-score or more poems, under the signature of "S.," in the Olive-Leaf; Waltham, 1873. . . .Hero Wor- ship, in the Bric-a-brac, Scribner's Monthly, May, 1876 . . . .The Philosopher and the Poet, in Scribner, Novem- ber, 1876. . . .The Legend of Saint Sophia, in Atlantic Monthly, April, 1878. . . .Letters from Europe to Boston Advertiser. Page, Rev. Robert (Pastor Congregational Church, Levant— now Kenduskeag — -1835-44). Character and Blessedness of the Humble; 16 pp., National Preacher; New York, 1838. (Sermon at ordination of Mr. Page, at Durham, New Hampshire, by Rev. Nathaniel Bouton; 29 pp.; Concord, New Hampshire, 1829.) Parker, Rev. Wooster (Pastor Congregational Church, Orono, 183638; Brewer, 1838-41). Sermon at the funeral of Mrs. J. P. Adams; 15 pp.; Bangor, 1834 Thanksgiving Discourse at Orono; 22 pp.; Bangor, 1837 ... . Discourse at the Funeral of Mrs. S. B. Carpen- ter, Dexter; 45 pp.; Bath, 1854. . . .Public Opinion, Bel- fast Age ; 1 860 .... Sermon at the Fifty-third Anniversaryr of the Maine Missionary Society, at Bangor :" Every Man to His Own Work"; 14 pp.; Augusta, i860.... Contributions to newspapers. Pearl, Rev. Cyril (Pastor Congregational Church, East Orrington, 1834 37). Youth's Book on the Mind; 120 pp.; i2mo; Portland .... Spectral Visitants.... Correspondent and contributor to educational and re- ligious magazines and newspapers. Perlev, Jeremiah (Bangor and Orono). Oration af Hallowell, July4; 24pp.; Augusta, 1807. . . .Proceedings of the Convention at Portland, 1819, for forming a Con- stitution of the State of Maine ; 300 pp.; Portland, 1820 . . . .Maine Justice ; 224 pp.; Hallowell, 1829. . . .Maine Town Officer. .. .Maine Civil Officer. Perry, Adeliza (Bangor). Cinderella's Frock; Ban- gor, 1850. .. .Windfalls; 130 pp.; Philadelphia, i88o . . . .Schoolmaster's Trials; 200 pp.; Bostoh, i88i. Peters, Hon. John A. (Bangor). Official Reports as Attorney General of Maine; 1864-66. . . .Speeches and Reports as Representative from the Fourth District of Maine,in the XLth,XLIst,and XLIld Congresses; i867^' 73; published in the Congressional Globe, some of them in pamphlet form. Among these were prominently speeches upon the Tariff and Reconstruction questions; the claim of William McGarrahan to a mine in Califor- nia, and a report upon the same claim; a defense of General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen's Bureau; a eulogy, published with other eulogies delivered in the Senate and House of the Congress of the United States upon the occasion of the death of Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, a United States Senator from Maine, deliv- ered in the House of Representatives 1869. . . .Opinions as a Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine from 1873; published in eleven volumes of the Maine Reports of Decisions. . . . A Memorial Address upon the life and character of the late Judge Jonas Cutting; pub- lished in a collection in book form in Dartmouth Memo- rials, 1881. Pierce, Mrs. Rebecca E. (Orrington). Poetical fugi- tive pieces in various journals for the last ten years, chiefly in the Bangor Whig; about two hundred in num- ber. Among the most popular have been. The Old Homestead; The Old Kitchen Clock; On a Foreign Shore; My Mother's Bible; In My Dream; the latter in Bangor Whig, September 25, 1880. A volume may be published ere long. Mrs. Pierce began to write at the age of fourteen, under the signature of "Rebecca." Plummer, Mrs. Benjamin (Bangor). Contributions to magazines and papers. The Secret Offering appeared , in Voices from the Kenduskeag, Bangor, 1848. PoMROY, D. D., Rev. Swann L., (Pastor First Con- gregational Church, Bangor, 1825-48). Sermon at the Funeral of Rev. John Smith, D. D,, Professor in Bangot Theological Seminary; 15 pp.; Augusta, 1831.. ■•Ser- mon at the Twenty-sixth Anniversary of the Maine Mis- sionary Society at Portland: Arguments in Favor of Mis- sions; 23 pp.; Portland, 1833 Saints' Perseverance; HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 239 12 pp.; in National Preacher, New York, 1833.... Thanksgiving Discourse; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1837.... KnowLe.d^ej Liberty, .and Rehgion; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1837 ....Ministerial Support: A Sermon before the Maine Congregational Charitable Society; 23 pp.; Bangor, 1838 ....A frequent contributor to magazines and religious and other journals. Pond, D. D., Rev. Enoch ( Professor in Bangor Theological Seminary from 1832; President of the Fac- ulty most of the time and now Professor emeritus ) The Divinity of Christ, 1815, second edition, 1828, 24 pp., i2mo; Boston .... Rtply to Dr. Judson on Bap- tism, three editions, 1816 ... .Religious Conference Meetings, two editions, 32 pp., 8vo.; Worcester, Massa- chusetts, 1817 . . . .Letter to S. Nott on Baptism, 12 pp.; Boston, 1819 ... .Monthly Concert Lectures, 1822.... Memoir of Susanna Anthony, 1827 . . . . Memoir of Pres- ident Davies, 1831 . . . .Exhibition of Unitarianism, 1831 ....Review of Rev. B. Whitman's Letter to Professor Stewart, on Religious Liberty; Boston, 1831 . . . .Life of John Cotton Reviewed, i8mo ; Boston, 1834. . . . Pedo- Baptists, in Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge, 1835. . . .Probation, 137 pp., i8mo ; Bangor, 1837. . . . The Church, 130 pp.; Bangor, 1837; second edition, 126 pp., i860. . . .Memoir of Joseph Stone, Esq., 1838. . . . Memoir of Count Zinzendorff; Boston, 1839.... Me- moir of John Wickiiffe; Boston, 1841 . . . .Christian Per- fection; Bangor, 1841 . . . .Morning of the Reformation; Boston, 1842. . . .Millerism Destroyed; Boston, 1842. . . . Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Enoch Pond, Jr., at Georgetown, Massachusetts; Andover, 1843. . . .Conver- sion : Its Nature and Importance ; Boston .... Funeral Sermon at the Death of Deacon Timothy George ; Or- rington, 1843. . . .No Fellowship with Romanism ; Bos- ton, 1843. . . .The Act of Faith ; American Tract Society, New York, 1843. . . .The First Principles of the Oracles of God, 1843. ■ • -The Mather Family; 180 pp.; Boston, 1844.... The Young Pastor's Guide, 377 pp., j2mo.; Bangor, 1844; second edition, "Lectures on Pastoral Theology," 395 pp.; Andover, 1866.... The World's Salvation; Boston, 1845 . . . .Plato and His Works, 156 pp., 32rao; Portland, 1846.... Pope and Pagan, on Middleton's Letter from Rome; Portland, 1846.... Swedenborgianism Reviewed and Examined, 300 pp., t8mo ; Boston, 1846; second edition, 250 pp., i2mo, • 1861; third edition, 1874. . . .MeiTioir of Increase Mather and Sir William Phipps ; Boston, 1848 .... Man- ual of Congregationalism ; Portland, 1848; second edi- tion, loi pp.; Bangor, 1859 ... .Review of Bushnell's "God in Christ;" Boston, 1849. ■ ■ .Memoir of Joseph Stone Ward; 1850.... The Ancient Church, 252pp., i8mo; 185 1 . . . .Sabbath Recreations ; American Tract Society, New York, 1852. ... Memoir of John Kno.x; Boston, 1856. .. .Posture m Prayer, 1857.... The Wreck and the Rescue, 1858. . . .The Bible and Slavery; Tract Society, Boston, 1859. . . .In Memoriam of Rev. John Maltby, Pastor Hammond. Street Church ; Bangor, i860. . . .Lectures on Christian Theology, 784 pp., 8vo ; 1868; fourth edition, Boston, 1875. ... Historical Ad- dress at the Serai-centennial Anniversary of the Theo- logical Seminary; Boston, 1870. ... History of God's Church, from Its Origin to the Present Time, 1066 pp., 8vo., with portrait of the author; Philadelphia, 1870; sec- ond edition, 1871 . . . .The Seals Opened, or the Apoc- alypse Examined, 240 pp., i2mo; Portland, 1871.. .. Sketches of the Theological History of New England, 102 pp., i2mo; Boston, 1880. . . .Conversations on the Bible, 630 pp., 8vo, with portrait and steel engraving; Springfield, Massachusetts, i88i....The first article that Dr. Pond wrote for publication was on Church Dis- cipline, m the Panoplist, while a divinity student, 1814. .... He wrote forty-five magazine articles, published before 1828 .... During fjur years' connection, from 1828, with the "Spirit of the. Pilgrims," as editor, pub- lished in Boston at the time of the separation of the Or- thodox and Unitarian Congregational churches. Dr. Pond published about sixty articles in the six volumes of that magazine. .. .Twenty sermons have been prepared and published in the National Preacher, New York. . . .Seven articles in the Literary and Theological Review .... Sev- enteen in the Biblical Repository .... Fifteen in the Bibliotheca Sacra .... Sixteen in the Christian Review. . . . Five in the New Englander. . . .Four in Araeriaan Theo- logical Review .... Five in Princeton Review ; . . , Six in Congregational Quarterly ... .Six in Presbyterian Re: view. . . .Thirteen in Christian Observatory. . . .Nine in Literary and Theological Journal. . . .Seven tracts, one of which, " TheAct of Faith," has had an exceptionally wide circulation ... .At least one hundred articles have been published in various religious papers — chiefly in the Congregationalist, Independent, Christian Union, and Christian Mirror. Poor, Henry Varnum (Bangor, now of New Yojk.) Railroad Reports and Statistics, and Magazine .... Money and its Laws, embracing a History of Monetary Theo- ries and a History of the Currencies ot the United States; 350 pp., 1877 ... .Manual of the Railroads of the United States to 1881; 7 vols., 8vo. Poor, John A., (Bangor). Reports and Pamphlets in behalf of the European and North American Railway, Portland, 1855, etc . . . .Discourse in Memory of Hon. Ruel Williams, 66 pp.; Augusta, 1864. .. .Speech at Bangor Centennial, 1869. Poor, Laura E. (Bangor). Sanskrit, and its Kindred Literatures: Studies in Comparative Mythology, Boston, 1880, and since republished in England. .. .Fugitive pieces at different dates. Porter, Thomas W. (Burlington and Bangor). Memoir of James Eddy, 72 pp.; Augusta, 1877.... Genealogy of the Porter Family, 34 pp.; Bangor, 1878. Pratt, Spencer A. (Bangor). Occasional contribu- tions to literary journals. . . .Editor College Journal. Reed, Mrs. Rebecca Perley Page (Brewer). Above and Below, 252 pp.; Boston, 1872.... From Shore to Shore; The Storyof the Life of Miss Agnes Clallin, daugh- ter of ex-Governor Claflin, of Massachusetts, for private circulation, 382 pp.; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1873 ....Everybody's Providence, 267 pp.; Boston, 1873 ... .A contributor to magazines and papers of the day. Rich, Tp9ma§ H, (Bangor, now Professor Bates Col- 240 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. lege, Lewiston). A Study of Nahum: A metrical para- phrase of the prophecy of Nahura, with an introduction and notes, 24 pp.; Boston, 1879 Several works nearly ready for the press. Roberts, Charles P. (Bangor). The Sleep of Vir- tue, in Native Poets of IVIaine, 185 1 Editor of papers, and contributor to several. . .'.Compiler Business Alma- nac and Historical Sketches of Bangor, 84 pp.; Bangor, 1875- RoPE-s, Rev. Charles j. H. (Professor in Bangor Theological Seminary, Bangor, from 1881). The Moral- ity of the Greeks, as shown in their Literature, Art, and Life: The (Yale) John A. Porter University prize essay, 74 pp.; New York, 1872 Irenseus of Lyons, in Bibli- otheca Sacra, 50 pp.; April, 1877, Andover The New Manuscript of Clement of Rome, in Presbyterian Quarterly and Princeton Review, 19 pp.; April, 1877, New York .... Review of Fisher's Beginnings of Chris- tianity, New Englander, 19 pp.; May, 1878, New Haven . . . .Translation and Notes of the latter half of Uhlhorn's Conflict of Christianity with Heathenism, 240 pp.; New York, 1880. .. .Address before the General Conference of Maine, on the New Revised Version, 16 pp.; Bangor, 1881. Ropes, Mrs. Hannah A. Chandler (Bangor), Six Months in Kansas, 281 pp.; Boston, 1856. . . .Cranston House, a Novel, Boston, 1859. RowE, Mrs. Henrietta Gould (Bangor). Short stories and poems in the Aldine, Wide Awake, Northern Monthly, Godey's Lady's Book, Wood's Household Magazine, Potter's American Monthly, Arthur's Maga- zine, Ladies' Friend, Portland Transcript, and other magazines and newspapers. . . .Hymn for Bangor's Cen- tennial; 1869. . . .Serials: Persie Wynne, 1876, and The King's Cousin, 1877, in Golden Hours.. .. Representa- tive Women in Other Lands, in Godey; 1879. . . .Moose- head Lake, in National Repository; October, 1879. Rowland, Rev. Lyman S. (Pastor First Congregational Church, Bangor, 1864-67). Discourse on the Death of President Lincoln ; Bangor, 1865. Savage, D. D., Rev. William T. (Bangor, now at Quincy, Illinois). Christian Tolerance, in National Preacher; New York — preached while pastor at Houlton, Maine, 1844-49. .. .The Cedar of Lebanon Fallen: Funeral of Parker Noyes, Esq., while Dr. S. was pastor in Franklin, New Hampshire; 18 pp.; 1852. . . .Review of a sermon by Rev. Augustus Woodbury, entitled. Who are the Evangelical? and of a rejoinder to A Looker-on in Vienna; 40 pp.; Concord, New Hampshire; 1853. . . . The Strong Staff Broken: In memory of Randall O. Pea- body, Esq., Franklin, New Hampshire., 24 pp.; 1855 ■ ■ • ■ Who is Right? P2xamination of the issues taken by Rev. A. Woodbury, with the Concord Young Men's Christian Association; 16 pp.; Concord, New Hampshire. .. .A Review of Ten Years' Pastorate at Franklin, New Hampshire; April 3, 1859. . . .Patriotism and Piety: On the death of Franklin C. VVoodworth, of the New Hamp- shire Sharp-shooters; 1862 ... .Letter to Bangor's Cen- tennial; 1869. .. .Farewell Discourse at the close of a pastorate of twenty-five years in Franklin, New Hamp- shire, September 4, 1874.... The Church of Christ at Godfrey, Il-linois, and The Monticello Female Seminary, a sermon preached in Godfrey; 16 pp.; Alton, Illinois, 1877 ... . Numerous reviews and essays In magazines and papers. Sav^telle, Mrs. E. W. Tappan (Hampden, now of Pomfret, Connecticut. Charity Chapters; 160 pp.; Bos- ton. .. .Pauline Warden's New Life; 271 pp.; Boston . . . .Pen and Pencil Pictures; 270 pp.; Boston. Sayward, Rev. John S. (Bangor). Addresses and communications to agricultural papers . . . . Editor Banger . Whig and Courier. Seaman, Mrs. Sarah Emery (Bangor). Hearts Un- veiled, or Pure Places for Pure Minds; 200 pp.; New York, 1850.... A French Grammar for Pupils in a Young Ladies' High School; 150 pp.; New York, 1851 ... .A contributor to The Emancipator, etc. Sewall, D. D., Rev. John S. (Professor in Theologi- cal Seminary, Bangor, from 1875). A Week's Adventure in Patchungson, and Morphino Somnia; in Knicker- bocker; New York, 1856 .... Life in the Steerage, Nos, i -7; Children's Friend, 1857-8. .. .The Prince and the Pilgrims; Boston, i860. . . .The Pulpit, in the New Eng- lander; 1861 . . . .How to Come to Christ; Boston, 1862 .... Christians on Furlough ; Boston, 1862 .... How to Accommodate a Worshiper; New Englander, 1862. . . . Christ the Children's Guide; Boston, 1863. .. .Uses of History to the Preacher; New Englander, 1863 Christ at the Door; Boston, i865..;iFrom Belief to Faith; Boston, 1866. . . .The Art of Expression; Maine Journal of Education, 1869. . . .Stage Manners; Journal of Education, 3 870.... A Study in Chinese History; New Englander, 1873. . . .Name-words in the Vernacu- lar; New Englander, 1873. . . .Review of Tylor's Primi- tive Culture; New Englander, 1874. . . .Review of Robert Broundy; New Englander, 1874. .. .One hundred and more contributions to the religious press, to the Boston Journal, etc. Shaw, Rev. Frederick E. (Bangor). Contributor to papers, and editor of Christian Mirror, Portland and Ox- ford county paper in Paris, each for a time. Shaw, Mrs. Sarah Ellen Benson (Bangor). News- paper and magazine articles. Her oldest daughter,' Mary E., contributed to Arthur's Home Magazine and to the newspapers, and also wrote the operetta Vivia, which was published. Anothei daughter, Harris K, has fur-' nished prose and poetical articles fOr the newspapers. The youngest, Annie Deane, has contributed several stories and poems for the Portland Transcript, The Coii- gregationalist, and The Youth's Companion. Shepard, D. D., Rev. George (Professor in Theolog- ical Seminary, Bangor, 1836-68). The Divinity of Christ; 47 pp.; Hallowell, 1832.. .Sermon before the Maine Missionary Society, at Bangor: Duly of Helping the Weak ; 13 pp.; Hallowell, 1835 .... Address to the Cali- fornia Pilgrims ; 7 pp.; Bangor, 1849. . . .Sermon before the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions : The Moral Discipline of Oiving ; 24 pp.; Boston; two editions, 8vo and izmo; 1858. . . .Early History of Bangor; in Maine Evangelist, Lewiston, February, 1859 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 241 . . . .In Memory of Rev. John Maltby, Bangor ; 20 pp.; i860. . ..Sermon at the Fifty-seventh Anniversary of Maine Missionary Society, at Searsport ; 19 pp.; Port- land, 1864.. ..In Memory of Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., Secretary Maine Missionary Society; 23 pp.; Portland, 1864. .. .Sermons, with portrait; 368 pp., izmo.; Boston, 1868. Small, D. D., Rev. Albion K. P. (Pastor First Bap- tist Church, Bangor, 1858-68). Address before the Penobscot Musical Association, of which he was Presi- dent ; Bangor, 1861 .... Historical Discourse at the Semi-centennial Anniversary of the First Baptist Church, Bangor; 32 pp.; 1868. . . .Memorial Sermon at the Cen- tennial Anniversary of First Baptist Church, Fall River, Massachusetts; 20 pp.; Fall River, 1881. Smith, D. D., Rev. John (Professor in Bangor Theo- logical Seminary, 1819-31). Sermon at the Installation of Rev. Amasa Smith, North Yarmouth; 34 pp.; Port- land, 1806. . . .Fast Day Sermon: 20 pp.; Haverhill, New Hampshire, 1813 . . . .Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Samuel H. Peckham, Gray; 24 pp.; Portland, 1825. . . . Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Isaac E. Wilkins, Gar- land ; 24 pp.; Portland, 1825 . . . .Sermon at the Ordina- tion of Rev. Henry White, Brooks and Jackson church ; 24 pp.; Portland, 1825 . . . .Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Nathaniel Wales, Belfast; 20 pp.; Belfast, 1828 ....Sermon at the Twenty-third Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society, at Winthrop ; Labor of Chris" ■ tians for the Cause of Christ not in vain; 20 pp.; Port- land, 1830. Smith, D. D., Rev. John Cotton (Rector St. John's Episcopal Church, 1849-51). Sermon before the An- cient and Honorable Artillery, Boston ; 33 pp.; Boston, 1858. . . .Sermon at the Funeral in Ipswich of Mrs. Car- oline S. Fitz; Boston, 1862 .... Miscellanies, Old and New, containing Gladstone's Homer and the Homeric Age .... Suspense and Restoration of Faith .... Oxford Essays .... Baden-Powell on Miracles .... The United States a Nation .... Evolution and a Personal Creator . . . .Christ and Modern Thought, 1881 . . . .Articles in magazines and papers. Smith, Rev. Joseph (Bangor). Sermon at the Sixty- fifth Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society, at Skowhegan ; 12 pp.; Portland, 1872. Smyth, D. D., Newman (Pastor of Firs.t Congrega- tional Church, Bangor, 1870-75). The Religious Prin- ciple in American Politics; 18 pp.; Quincy, Illinois, 1876. . . .Religious Feeling: A Study for Faith; 350 pp.; New York, 1877. . . .Old Faith in New Lights; 391 pp., i2mo; New York, 1879. . . .The Orthodox Theology of To-day: Six Sermons; New York, 1881. Snow, Rev. Benjamin G. (Brewer, missionary at the Micronesian Islands, 1851 to 1877). No written form of the language of the islands having been made, Mr. Snow prepared an alphabet and primary books, ad- ding others from time to time, until a literature was es- tablished. In June, i860, he had issued from his hand press no less than 70,000 pages of elementary books for the education of the people. A sermon preached in Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, was published in Portland, 1865 . . . .Articles appeared in the Missionary Herald, in the religious journals and other newspapers. Snow, George W. (Bangor). Poems, in blank verse, for New Year's, temperance. Masonic, and other special occasions. The first was written in 1823 during the Greek Revolution: Address to Greece. . . .The first published was a Poem before a Literary Debating Club, in pamphlet form, 1835 •■ • ■ A Poem on Temperance in the Georgia Mirror, a literary paper in- Augusta, Georgia, 1 838.... The Progress of Temperance, revised, ap- peared in 1874 in fifty-five stanzas, heroic verse, with an addenda in other style. . . .Tempest Driven appeared in Native Poets of Maine, 1851 ... .Contributions were made to Lady's Companion, Philadelphia, Christian Union, and Bangor Whig .... In preparation. The Martyrdom of De Molay, Grand Master Knights Tem- plars. Stanwood, Miss Etta H. (Bangor). Various articles, especially sketches for youth .... Assistant Editor Chris- tian Mirror, Portland, Maine. Stearns, D. D., Rev. Lewis F. (Professor in Bangor Seminary from 1881). Inaugural Address at Bangor, 1881 . . . .Address on the New Revised Version of the New Testament; 12 pp.; Bangor, 1881. Stewart, Rev. Samuel J. (Pastor Unitarian Church, Bangor, from February, 1880). To Non-conforming Churchmen, in Christian Union, New York, October 16, 1878. . . .Letter of resignation at Fitchburg, Massachu- setts; 27 pp.; December, 1879. . . .The Moral and Re- ligious Outlook; 21 pp.; Fitchburg, December, 1879. ■ ■ • The Indefiniteness of Orthodoxy; 29 pp.; Bangor, 1881. .... Morality; 23 pp.; Bangor, May, 1881 . . . .The Bible, What it is, and How it Grew; Bangor, June, 1881. Talcott, D. D., Rev. Daniel S. (Professor in the Bangor Theological Seminary, 1839-81). Sermon at the Forty-ninth Anniversary of the Maine Missionary Society in Calais: The Prayer of Christ that His Dis- ciples Might all be One; 36 pp.; Portland, 1856.... Memorial of Professor George Shepard, prefixed to the volume of his sermons; Boston, 1869. . . .Jesus Christ Himself the All-sufficient Evidence of Christianity; Boston Lectures, p. 403-464; Boston, 1871. . . .Several articles in the American Edition of Smith's Bible Dic- tionary; Boston, 1870. Tappan, D. D., Rev. Benjamin (Pastor Congrega- tional Church, Hampden, 1838-48). Essay on the Agency of Miraculous Powers in the Establishment and Propagation of Christianity, in Literary and Theological Review; 28 pp.; 1837 ... .Review of Dr. Enoch Hord's Lectures on Pastoral Theology, Biblical Re- pository; 16 pp.; January, 1845 .... Discourse occa- sioned by the death of Deacon Chester Adams, preached in Winthrop Church, Charlestown, Massachusetts; 24 pp.; Boston, 1855. . . .A Sketch of Dr. Arnold's Theo- logical Opinions, Bibliotheca Sacra; 25 pp.; January, 1858 .... Discourse in Commemoration of Deacon E. P. Mackintyre; Charlestown, 20 pp., 1864. . . .Biographical Sketch of Rev. Benjamin Tappan, D. D., Augusta, Congregational Quarterly ; 33 pp.; Boston, April, 1865. Tefft, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Benjamin F. (Bangor 242 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. and Brewer). The North : A poem ; i6 pp.; 1835 Support of the Gospel: A tract; 4 pp.; 1836. . . .True Greatness: On the C'entennary of Methodism; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1839 The Perfect Church; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1840 Oration on the Death of President Harrison; 18 pp.; Bangor, 1841 Literature of the Bible; 22 pp.; 1842.... A Dialogue for Sabbath-schools: A P«eni ; 1842 The Far West: A College Oration; 49 pp.; 1844.... Our Young Men: An Oration ; 24 pp.; 1845 . . . .Ladies' Repository (Editor), six volumes; 1846-52 ; The editorial articles afterwards appearing in book form' ....Prison Life; one volume; Cincinnati, 1847.... Analysis of Butler's Analogy, with Life; Cincinnati, 1848. . . .Harris's Mammon, Notes and Life, 1849. . . . Shoulder Knot: A Story; 305 pp.; New York; 1850. . . . Hungary and Kossuth, or a History of the Hungarian Revolution; 378 pp.; Philadelphia, 1852 Webster and His Masterpieces; two volumes; Auburn, New- York, 1852 . . . .Oration on the Death of Daniel Webster; 32 pp.; 1852. . . .Inaugural Address as President of the College in Geneseo, New York, now Syracuse University; 1852 ... . Editor National New Yorker ; one volume; 508 pp.; 1854; Editor's articles subsequently in book form . . . .Methodism Successful; one volume, 588 pp.; New York, i860.... The Present Crisis; 22 pp.; Bangor, 1861 . . . .Boreal Lights; twenty-four numbers, 450 pp. ; 1862-64. . . .Oration at Consecration of Soldiers' Monu- ment, Brewer; 24 pp.; Bangor, 1866 .... Northern Border, Editor; five volumes; Bangor, 1873-77.... Worthley Brook Sketches ; twenty numbers ; volumes 1877-81 . . . .Our Political Parties ; 84 pp.; 1880. Thatcher, Benjamin Bussey (Bangor). Biography of the Indians; two volumes, pp. 324, 319; New York, 1832 ... .Indian Traits ; 234 pp.; New York, 1840. .. . Twilight jNIusings; Bird of the Bastile ; Weep Not for the Dead ; I Will Remember Thee ; To a Sister; 13 pp. in Native Poets of Maine ; 1851 . . . .Editor in Boston, and contributor to various journals and magazines. Thurston, Rev. Richard B. (Bangor). A prize essay on the Slavery Question .... Two sermons in National Preacher, New York. . . .Several in pamphlet form. . . . Papers prepared for the Congregational State Confer- ences of Massachusetts and Connecticut. . . .On the Na- tional Council, in Congregational Quarterly, 1871 ... .A considerable number of miscellaneous articles for various weekly papers in the course of thirty years. Trafton, D. D., Rev. Mark (Bangor). Rambles in Europe; 377 pp., i2mo.; Boston, 1852 The Safe Investment, or Systematic Beneficence, 38 pp. : Boston, 1856. . . .Baptism: Its Subjects and Mode; second edi- tion, 91 pp.; Boston, 1870. . . .Scenes in My Life, during a ministry of nearly half a century; 349 pp., i2mo.- Boston, 1878. . . . A Sketch of the History of Maine, in Crocker's History of New England; 9 pp., quarto, double columns; Boston, 1879. Valentine, Elliot (Teacher in Bangor, 1840-55). Mental Arithmetic, 100 pp., i8mo; Bangor, 1840. Wakefield, Mrs. Lucv F. (Bangor). F'ugitive pieces —among them: Fremont, the Pathfinder, in Bangor Whig, September, i86r, just after the proclamation issue^ by him emancipating the slaves in Missouri .... Histoi- cal verses entitled "1769-1869," for Bangor's Centennial' also, for the same, "Penjejawock," named from the stream emptying into the Penobscot two miles above Kenduskeag bridge, the locality where was the site of the first framed house built in Bangor, and in the neighbor- hood of the author's home; the Devil's Rock, of early tradition; and a few rods above this, the beautifully wooded eminence, now known as Mt. Hope Cemetery published in Centennial volume, 1869. . . .The Haunted House, a legend of the old first framed house ; Bangor Whig, February 24, 1870. . . .The Deer Hunt, in Whig, March, 1873, containing an appeal to sportsmen to spare those beautiful and harmless animals, which at that time were in danger of being exterminated from the State. Washburn, Hon. Israel, Jr. (Orono). The Power and Duty of Congress in Respect to Suffrage, 21 pp.; Boston, Massachusetts, 1869.... From the Northwest to the Sea, 11 pp.; Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1873..,. Notes of Livermore, Maine, 169 pp.; Portland, 1874 ....Centennial of Orono, Maine, 168 pp.; Portland, 1874. . . .Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Cher- ryfield, Maine, July 4, 43 pp.; Portland, 1874... .Me- moir of Hon. Ether Shepley, LL. D., included in volume 8 Maine Historical Collections; Portland, i88i....The Northeastern Boundary, vol. ,8 Maine Historical Collec- tions, 106 pp.; Portland, 1881.. .. Among his prominent speeches, published while Representative in Congress from the Fourth District in Maine, were: Plan for short- ening the transit between New York and London; 1852 . . . .The Compromise as a National Party Test; 1852 . . . .The Sandwich Islands; 1854. . . .On the Bill to Organize Territorial Government in Nebraska and Kan- sas; 1854.... On the President's Message Vetoing the French Spoliations Bill; 1855 .. . .The Kansas Contest- ed Election; 1856.... The Politics of the Country; 1856. . . .The President's Message on the Slavery, Ques- tion; 1856 ... . Kansas and the Lecompton Constitution; 1857. . . .The Republican Party; 1858. . . .The Issues; The Dred-Scott Decision; i860; — all the above published ■ in Washington ..... Addresses to the Legislature of Mine while Governor of the State, January 3, February 22, April 22, 1861; January 2, 1862; published in Augusta' . . . .Political speeches, August,. 1855, published in Port- land and elsewhere; October, 1855, in Boston Atlas and elsewhere. .. .Addresses in Oldtown, July 4, 1858; in Portland, July 4, 1862, and July 4, 1865; on Peace, at Portland, in Advocate of Peace, 1874; in Orono, before the State College, on the Laws of Success, 1875.. ■• Articles in the Universalist Quarterly Review: Charles Lamb; Walter Savage Landor; Modern Civilization; The Logic and the End of the "Rebellion; Dr. Gamaliel Bailey; Compulsory Education, etc. Webster, Mrs. Mary Moulton (Bangor). A con- tributor of occasional and fugitive articles that were al- ways welcome and attained great celebrity, though the writer was unknown to the public. In Voices of the Kenduskeag, 1848, appeared A Simple Sketch of Simple Things, 21 pp. Wheeler, Rev. Crosby H. (Hampden and Bangor; HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 243 missionary in Turkey from 1857). Ten Years on the Euphrates, or Primitive Missionary Policy Illustrated, with maps and' engravings, 330 pp.; Boston, 1866. . . . Letters from Eden, with engravings, 432 pp.; Boston, 1868. .. .Little Children in Eden, 157 pp.; Portland, 1876. .. .Contributor to Missionary Herald, and to magazines and -newspapers in America, Europe, and Asia. Wheeler, Mrs. Susan A. (Bangor; missionary in Turkey from 1857). Grace Illustrated, or a Boquet from our Missionary Garden, 352 pp.; Boston, 1876. . . . Daughters of Armenia, 157 pp.; New York, 1877.... Contributor to Life and Light, Boston, and Christian Mirror, Portland, etc. Whipple, Joseph. A Geographical View of the Dis- trict of Maine, with particular reference to its internal resources, including the History of Acadia, Penobscot River and Bay, with Statistical Tables; 102 pp., 8vo; Peter Edes, Bangor, 181 6. One of the very first books printed in the Penobscot Valley. WiGGiN, Albert C. (Bangor). History of Castine. . ..History of Waldo County, in Crocker's History of New England, 9 pp., quarto, double columns, 1880, . . . Fugitive Pieces .... City Editor of Bangor Commercial. WiGGiN, Edward (Bangor). Poems, Essays, Lec- tures, Addresses, etc.; among them : Epistle to Doria, in David Barker's volume of Poems; Jim Black; Mince Pie as my Mother Made it, etc., chiefly in newspapers. ■Williams, Smith (Exeter ; one of the early school- teachers). Published The Universal Spelling Book, embracing the rudiments of letters, and developing the ■ principles of pronunciation in a manner never before attempted, etc., 216 pp.; Philadelphia, 1831. Williams, Rev. Thomas (Pastor of First Congrega- tional Church, Brewer, 1813-22). Sermon before the Maine Missionary Society, at its Twenty-fifth Anniversary in Wiscasset: Theme, Wisdom in Winning Souls, 17 pp.; Portland, 1832. Wilkins, Mrs. Laura Hatch (Bangor). Kate Parker, 464 pp.; Boston, 1874. .. .Madge Markland, 320 pp., i2mo., 1881 ... .Fugitive Pieces in magazines and papers. Williamson, Hon. William D. (Postmaster, Bangor, i8io-2o; Judge of Probate, Penobscot County, 1824- 1839; 6'c.). Speeches in Congress when Representative, 1821-22; these attracted considerable attention.... A History of the State of Maine, from its first discovery A. D. 1602 to the separation A. D. 1820, — vol. I., 696 pp., 8vo; vol. II., 729 pp.. 8vo; Hallowell, 1832.... A New Impression of the same, 1839. Wilson, D. D., Rev. Adam (Pastor First Baptist Church, Bangor, 1838-41, and a resident previously). Several Addresses and Sermons Published .... Editor Jion's Advocate, Portland. Wilson, Amanda M. (Bangor). A newspaper article now and then, and a few poems. Wines, Rev. Abijah (Professor in Bangor Theological Seminary, 1817-19). Human Depravity, 40 pp.; Mid- dleton, Vermont, 1803.... Vain Amusements, 40pp.; Windsor, Vermont .... Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Benjamin Sawyer, Cape Elizabeth; The Perfection of the Divine Government, 24pp.; Portland, 1809. . . .The mere Amiable Man no Christian, 26 pp.; Portland, 1828. Woodhull, Mrs. Sarah F. (Bangor). Fugitive pieces, and others for special occasions, written amidst the cares and responsibilities of everyday duties, oftentimes as a relief from them, and expressive of the thoughts and feelings that plead for expression in words. Among them: A Plea for Colleges for Females, which appeared in Mrs. Hale's Literary Magazine .... Articles on Wo- man's Spheres: Not "Rights," but Privileges. . . .Several tales and poems for the Bangor Clarion, Charles Gil- man editor 1829, etc; among them a prize tale entitled, "Foundling of the Forest," also a sketch in poetry, "The Whippoorwill," and "The Female Missionary". . . . Articles appeared in Mrs. Hale's Magazine, Mrs. Steph- ens's Magazine, and The Eastern Magazine; also in relig- ious papers, mostly for the Mirror, at Portland. Some of the titles of poems were — The Indian's Lament, 1834; My Country (on slavery), 1834; Ode on the Challenge of Cilley, afterwards sung at his burial in Thomaston; On to Victory (temperance); Ode for Dedication of Thomaston Academy; They Tell Me I must Die; The Young Mother; The Patient Sufferer; Thoughts Sug- gested by the Burial of a Schoolmate, 1844; Carriers' Ad- dresses 1836, 1852; On the Death of a Daughter of General Knox, and the Condition of the Knox Mansion in Thomaston, 1853; The Morning Star, 1856; New England's Snows, 1855-56; The Mother's Idol, 1859; Three Indian Summer Songs; Questionings and Angel Ministries; Nobody Called Me Darling; Two Golden Wedding Hymns, one in 1880; Installation. Hymns; On the Death of Lincoln, 1865; My Home, in June, 1861; The Marble Bust, 1868; The Dew Drop Mission; Two Hymns for Bangor's Centennial, 1869; Half-Cen- tury of Bangor's Seminary, 1870; Under the Snow, 1873. Woods, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Leonard (Professor in Bangor Seminary, 1^35-39. President Bowdoin College, 1839-66). Review of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, New Monthly; Boston,, 1828. . . .Lectures on Christian The- ology, by George C. Knapp, translated from the German; 2 vols., 8vo. ; 1831 . . . .Theology and Natural Science: Review of Bretschneider's Letter to a Statesman, translated from the German; Literary and Theological Review, New York; Vol. i Review of Olshausen's Commen- tary on the New Testament; Vol. i . . . . A Suffering and Atoning Messiah Taught in the Old Testament, trans- lated from Hengstenberg's Christologie; Vol. i Christianity and Philosophy, two articles; Vol. ,1 . . . .Re- view of Goethe's Works; Vol. 2 . . . .Political and Eccle- siastical Reform; Vol. 2 .... Radicalism, two articles; Vols. 2 and 3 . . . . Unity of the Church in Doctrine, translated from D'Aubigne, two articles; Vol. 3.... Christian Union, two articles; Vol. 3.... Society of United Brethren; Vol. 3. . . .Contrast Between the Lu- theran and Calvinistic Theories of Election, translated from Schleiermacher, with introductory notice; Vol. 4 .... Thoughts on the New Haven Theology; Vol. 5 . . . . Remarks on President Day on the Will; Vol. 5.... 2U HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Faith, three articles; Vols. 5 and 6. . . .Neglect of the Classics in the Literary Institutions of Our Country; Vol. 6. . . .Letters to a Southerner, three articles; Vol. 6. All the above from "Theology and Natural Science" in Literary and Theological Review .... Eulogy on Daniel Webster, by request of the city government and citiz^ of Portland; 1852 .. . .Address on the Life and Char3| ter' of Professor Parker Cleaveland, with a portrait of' Mr. Cleaveland; i860 Address on Opening! the S New Hall for the Maine Medical School; 1862. ^ ' ALTON. The common statement is tliat Alton is eighteen miles north of Bangor. But the points in these towns most widely separated are but little more than that distance apart It is about eighteen miles from the confines of Bangor city proper to the north line of Alton town. We shall, in this book, make a special effort to correct the current loose assertions regarding distances in Penobscot county. Taking Bangor as the point of departure in all directions, we shall reckon the distance of any town from it by the length of a straight line uniting their nearest points, without reference to wagon roads or railroads, or the interruption of lakes and rivers. Thus Alton is but eight miles from Bangor — that is to say, the south line of Alton is separated about eight miles from the north line . of Bangor, between which and it lie Oldtown and the narrow part of Orono alone. Alton is bounded on the north by Lagrange, the north- ernmost town in the county of this tier of townships; on the east by Birch Stream, beyond which lies Argyle ; on the south by Oldtown; and on the west by Hudson and Bradford. Its boundaries are right lines upon three sides, but the fourth side is made irregular and tortuous by the course of the Birch Stream. This water, running in a general course of south-southeast, narrows the width of the town from six and two-thirds miles on the south line to six and one-tenth when about three-fifths of the way up its length, and to about three and one-third miles on the north boundary. The length of the town, on the western limit, is a little less than nine miles ; but as the north line runs diie east and west, and the southern boundary a little south of east (or north of west), the town lengthens out somewhat as it stretches eastward, until, on a line, drawn due south from the point where Birch Stream enters Lagrange, the extreme length of the town is about a furlong greater. This boundary water heads, in its west branch, near the north and west lines of the county, in Lagrange town, and its eastern fork about three miles to the southeast. The branches unite two miles above Alton, and flow thence in tolerably straight current to the junction with the Stillwater, at a mouth opposite the northernmost point of Orson Island, in Oldtown. A mile below the north line of Alton it receives the petty tributary known as Ten-mile Brook, which has its source in Pickerel ,Pond, a sheet of water about three-fourths of a mile long by one-fourth broad, almost in the exact geographical centre of the town. A mile east of the lower part of this is -Holland Pond, in which the McKechnie Brook takes its rise, flowing thence in a south and southeasterly course nearly four miles to another stream, watering the southeast of the town, by which it reaches Birch Stream. Half a mile southwest of Pickerel Pond is another dimin- utive lake, called Pug Pond, in which the Pug Brook makes a start, running thence south into Oldtown. A larger brook than any of these is the Dead Stream, whose headwaters are in the northeast corner of Bradford and in Lagrange, west of the post-oflfice of that name. In a nearly due south course it intersects the entire western part of Alton, near the west boundary, dipping over into Bradford for a very short distance, near the southeast corner of that tract. When about two-thirds of the way down the town, it is broadened into a mill pond, and fur- nishes motive power to a saw- and shingle-mill' and a tannery. Near the south line of the town it enters Pushaw Stream, a bend of which, about a mile in length, also' lies within its territory. West of the Dead Stream the Pushaw receives another but very small tributary, which waters the southwest corner of the town. Two and a half miles north of the Pickerel Pond is a very small lake, with a short outlet into Ten-mile Brook. Mansell Pond, half a mile southwest of Holland Pond, has an outlet of about a mile length into the McKechnie Brook. The entire town is intersected almost diagonally by the Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad, almost ten miles of whose track lie within it. The Alton Station is between Holland Pond and the wagon road, which follows the railway with general parallelism.' Here the post-office is kept by Mrs. A. T. McKechnie. The only through road from north to south of the town pursues a some- what zigzag course, but keeping pretty near the railroad all the way. Its route is upon the remarkable ridge or " horseback," which, beginning at the great bend of the Penobscot in Veazie, pursues a northerly direction through that town, Orono, Oldtown, Alton, and La- grange. Most of the settlements in the town are upon' this road ; and they are quite numerous on that section of it south of Jlolland Pond. One public school=--house is situated upon it, about a mile and a half above its en- trance into the town ; School No. 2 is a little more than two miles north of it, at Mansell Pond ; and School No. 4 six miles further, near the north line. The Good Templars' Hall was also built on this road, a little below the school-house at Mansell Lake ; and the Town Farm is half a mile below that. A few hundred yards above the Farm, at a building in which a store was formerly kept, a branch road takes a bee-line almost due westward to Dead Stream, near the tannery and saw-mill of Mr. George Milliken, running thence to the town line. An- other road starts from the Milliken neighborhood and runs southwest a mile and a half to a junction with the Hudson and Orono road, which cuts across the south- west corner of Alton, crossing the Pushaw Stream in this 247 248 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. town. Upon the former road is School-house No. 6, about half a mile below the mills. There is considerable settlement in this part of Alton, and also in the short section of the town traversed by the road to Orono. Something more than a mile north of Holland Pond another road diverges from the highway along the rail- road, and runs off northwest through Bradford and Charleston. Still another wagon-road comes into the town from the river-road in Argyle, leaving that road at School No. 2, a point nearly opposite the Greenbush post-office, and, after about a mile's progress in Alton, enters the main road in this town just above Mansell Pond. The surface of Alton is generally level, and much of it is in meadow,- but the soil of this tract is not very rich. Its people, however, are mostly given to farming, but few manufactures having yet got in, though a tannery was formerly located on the Dead Stream, and a saw-and shingle-mill is still kept rnnning by Mr. George Milliken. There is one general store in the town, kept at present by Hiram C. Judkins, Esq., one of the Justices of the Peace and of the Quorum. Alton also derives some industrial and commercial im- portance from the fact that its waters furnish the termi- nus and rafting-place of the Upper Benobscot Boom. This region was originally known as Birch Stream Set- tlement. Stephen Tourtelott and his family were "the pioneers upon the present tract of Alton. He came in 1 81 8, and built the first log cabin or other civilized hab- itation in this part of the county. Three years after- wards, in 1 82 1, came Mr. Anniel Rand, whose son Hiram has been for more than half a century a resident of the region. George H. McKechnie, Esq., is another of the early settlers. He is still residing here, and is the only Trial Justice of the Peace in the town. Alton was originally a part of the Argyle Plantation, which extended to the Penobscot, and was subsequently a part of Argyle town. Five years after the erection of the latter — that is to say, on the 9th of March, 1844 — the present town was set off from Argyle under the name of Alton. Its population at that lime was not far from 200. By the census of 1850 it had 252 people; by that of i860, it had 531; of 1870, 508; and in 1880, 4T9. Its polls in i860 numbered 127; in 1870, just the same; in 1880, 116. The valuation of its estates in the first-named year was $58,184; in the second, $116,362; and in the third, $78,959. The latest report of public officers-elect at this writing [October, 1881,] is as follows: George Milliken, George A. Severance, J. D. Sargent, Selectmen; Frank D. Bow- ley, Town Clerk; Melville Crawford, Treasurer; Amasa Hatch, Jr.; Collector; O. E. Gerry, A. Hatch, Jr., H. C. Judkins; Constables; D. M. Dunham, School Super- visor; Hiram Judkins, F. D. Bowley, Quorum; G H. Mc- Kechnie, Trial; Justices. Among the few institutions yet organized in this town is the Alton Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars, which meets on Saturday evenings. Mr. George H. McKechnie, of Alton, is a son of Joseph and Electa P. McKechnie, of Athens, Maine. The elder McKechnie was a native of Waterville, in this State. His father, John McKechnie, was a native of Scotland, and a physician. His wife was of Irish descent. Her family name was North, and she was a sister to Judge North, formerly of Augusta. Joseph and Electa McKechnie had nine children, viz.; Orinda M., Hiram A. B., Charles E., Harry, Mary A., George E, Horace S., Susan E., and Joseph J. Mr. McKechnie died April 6, 1846, and Mrs. McKechnie, June 14, 1861. He was a farmer and lumberman. George H. McKech- nie was born May 3, 18 10, in Athens, Maine. He moved to Alton m 1833. Before this he worked two years in a store in Athens. He married Miss Eleanor E. Leighton, daughter of Samuel Leighton, of Holden, in this county. They have had seven children, five of whom are now living, viz: Elbridge W., of .Sangerville, Maine; George B., of Alton; Sarah E., wife of Horace L McKechnie, of Alton; Edward L., of Alton, and Anna B. They lost one in early life, arid Delia F., who mar ried Willard F. Snow, is also deceased. Mr. McKechnie has held various town offices, having served as Select- man, Treasurer, and Collector in his town. He has served over twenty years as Trial Justice. In 1866 he was sent to the Legislature as Representative from his district. He is at present a farmer, and always has been more or less, though engaged some in lumbering and in- surance business. ARGYLE. Argyle is the companion town to Alton, and formerly included it in the same municipality. It lies upon the same side of the Penobscot and in very nearly the same dimension of length, with only the comparatively narrow water of the Birch Stream separating them. It is bounded upon the west by Alton, on the northwest by Lagrange, and the north by Edinburg, on the east by the Penobscot River, beyond which lie Greenbush and a short breadth of Milford, and on the south by that part of Oldtown lying north and northeast of Orson Island. Its nearest distance to Bangor — that is, from the southwest corner of Argyle to the northeast corner of Bangor— is eight and one-fourth miles. The greatest breadth of the town is at the north line, between the Penobscot and Birch waters^ where it is about eight miles; the narrowest at the south boundary and upon a line drawn from a little bay in the Penobscot below the mouth of the Hemlock Stream and opposite the foot of Cow Island. On both of these lines the width is but two and one-third miles. It is thus one of the smaller towns in the county, but by no means the least important. Opposite its eastern front, in the river, more than forty of the islands of the Indian reservation are thickly scattered, several of them nearly or quite a mile in length. The principal islands in this stretch of the river, coming down the stream, are Olemon, Sugar, Birch, Hemlock, Cow, Jackson, White Squaw, Freese's, and the Ten Islands, Some of the islets are made highly useful in the booming and rafting operations on the river, and the tribe has derived small sums in shore rents therefrom. Formerly a small steamer plied in good stages of water on this part of the river, and for some distance further up. Besides the Penobscot River on the east and the Birch Stream On the other side of the town, the waters of Argyle are exceedingly insignificant. The Hemlock Stream rises near the pond in the northern part of La- grange, and flows in a southeasterly direction across Ed- inburg into Argyle, through which, it flows about eight miles into the Penobscot opposite the middle of Hem- lock Island. Into a little inlet of the river, nearly oppo- site Olemon Island, in the northeastern part of the town, flows Hart Brook, which rises in the southeast corner of Piscataquis county, a little north of Lagrange, and also flows across Edinburg and for about a mile in this town. Half a mile ahove it, and parallel with it, a "Very small tributary flows to the Penobscot. Two miles south of the Hemlock Stream, another rivulet of about two miles' length deb6uches into the river. No railroad yet touches Argyle; but the trains of the European and North American, near the opposite bank of the river, afford its inhabitants sufficient accom- modations for the present. Communication across the Penobscot is so far by small boats. Argyle has but one great highway, the river road or county road to Oldtown, hugging pretty closely the bank of the stream through its course of eleven miles in this town. This is also known as the old stage road from Oldtown to Edinburg. Upon this road is settled very nearly the entire population of Argyle. Upon it are the only school-houses in the town — No. 4, a little below the mouth of Hoyt Brook; another with an adjacent cemetery and a shingle mill in the vicinity on the west of the road, a little above the mouth of Hemlock Stream; another (No. 2) at the junction of the east and west road about to be described; and still another (No. 7) a little more than p. mile north of the south line of the town. Upon this road, half a mile above No. 2 school- house, is also the post-office, kept by Mr. Alexander McKay. Nearly two-thirds of a mile up the road from School No. 7 is another cemetery, and a little more than this distance above the cemetery is the Argyle Boom, to which a short road runs from the county road. A saw and shingle mill, turning out boards, shingles, and spool stock, is run by Isaac Foster upon the Hart Brook, half a mile above its mouth. The shingle mill formerly mentioned as on Hemlock Stream is conducted by Gil- man Comstock. The only road across the town— and this does not run to the fiver by one-third of a mile — is that leaving the county road at school-house No. 2, and running nearly due west across the Birch Stream to the main road in Argyle. The surface of Argyle bears a common resemblance to that of its neighbor Alton in levelness and general in- difference of soil. It is swampy in some places. Much of the land, however, is fertile, and produces good crops of hay and grain, A Methodist society has been organized in the town, but its pulpit has not been regularly supplied of late. The-temperance interest, however, is kept alive by two lodges of the Independent Order of Good Templars, bearing, respectively, the suggestive and fitting names of "Wide Awake" (No. 248) and Phoenix (No. 268). Both of these meet on Saturday evenings. There was also, we believe, formerly a Freewill Baptist Church in the town. In addition to the mills before mentioned, the trade and commerce of the town are stimulated by two general stores kept by Miss Lucy A. Bussell and Mr. William W, Spencer. The Argyle Boom is one of the largest and most important on the Penobscot. ' Argyle was a part of the ancient Birch Stream Settle- 250 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ment and of the subsequent Argyle Plantation. Their history, as before given, is in good part that of Argyle. Among the earliest settlers upon this part of the old town, coming about 1810, was John Buzzell, a grandson of the Penobscot pioneer of 1769, who built the first house in Bangor. Another old settler was William' Foster, of Bradley, a pioneer of 18x5. The Plantation, then including Alton also, was incorporated as a town March 19, 1839, and the town of Argyle was reduced to its present dimensions by the carving from its territory of the town of Alton, March 9, 1844. This will account for the reduction of its population from 527 in 1840 to 338 in 1850. As the population of Alton in the latter year was 252, it appears that the population of the orig- inal town, had it remained intact, would have been 590 in the same year, a good percentage of increase on the census of 1840. In i860 the people of the reduced Argyle numbered 379; in 1870, 307; and in 1880, 285. Polls in i860, 87; in 1870, 85; 1880, 92. Estates in these years, respectively, $38,718, $51,502, and $50,389. The following-named are the public officers of the town in October, 1881: Isaac F. Buzzell, Jr., G. W. Freese, and W. F. Oakes, Selectmen; Samuel L. Freese, Town Clerk; Alexander McKay, Treasurer; H. W. Marsh, Oilman Comstock, and William W. Spencer, Constables; William W. Spencer, Collector; Stephen J. Buzzell, School Supervisor; Isaac Foster, Justice. Mr. Alexander McKay joins to his duties as Treasurer of the town a service under Federal appointment as Postmaster. Isaac F. Buzzell, Esq., of Argyle, is a son of John and Sarah Buzzell {nee Sarah Freeze). John Buzzell was one of the early settlers. His father, Stephen Buzzell, was a son of Jacob Buzzell, who built the first house in Ban- gor. John and Sarah Buzzell had thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, viz : Stephen, of Argyle ; • Lucy, deceased; John, deceased; Isaac F.; George, de- ceased ; Lydia, wife of James B.; Fernald, of Argyle ; Nancy, wife of Abner Spencer; William, deceased; Sarah, deceased; Alfred, now of Argyle; and Isaiah, deceased. Two died while young. Mr. Buzzell was a farmer and lumberman. He died in 1840; Mrs. Buzzell ^died in 1854. Isaac F. Buzzell was born October 3, 1808, in Milford, ere the town was incorporated or the State became such. He first engaged in lumbering on becoming of age. He has al- ways lived in Argyle since he was two years of age. He has followed lumbering and farming all his life. He married Adeline Orr, daughter of Clement and Nancy Orr, of Oldtown. They have had- eleven chil- dren, viz : James, now of Milford ; Hannah, wife of Samuel Lowe, of Milford ; Lucy ; George, in Milford ; Nancy, deceased ; Isaac, of Argyle ; John, also of Ar- gyle ; Adeline, now Mrs. Leroy Sanborn, of Argyle ; Ar- thur, of Argyle; and Evealyn,,wife of Isaac Sanborn, of Stillwater. One died in infancy, and one in early life. Mr. Buzzell has held all the prominent town offices at different times. He has been postmaster, justice, etc. He represented his class in the Legislature the year that Hugh J. Anderson was Governor. He has a very good farm of one hundred acres on the bank of the Penobscot with a good equipment of farm buildings. He has, as his record shows, been for a long time one of the most prominent men in the town. One of the first settlers in Alton was Mr. William Foster, who came here from Bradley in 1815. He was a native of Gray, Maine, and married Lucy Spencer. They had ten children, viz : Philip, Isaac, Mary, Martha, Joseph, Jane, Nancy, Lucy, William C, and Heman N, Mr. Foster followed farming and lumbering as a busi- ness. He died about i860. Isaac Foster, the second son, was born March 21, 1807, in Bradley, then "No. 4 Plantation." He came to Argyle when eight years of age, where he has since lived. He married for his first wife Rachel Jane Cheever, of Argyle. By her he had two children — John W. and Sarah Jane. Mrs. Foster died in 1838, and Mr. Foster married for his second wife Miss Sarah J. Howard. From this union there are four children, viz.: William S., of Argyle; Stephen J. K., de- ceased; Harvey H., of Waterville; Martha, now Mrs. John B. Buzzell, of Argyle. Mr. Foster has been one of the prominent men of Argyle for many years; he has served as Selectman for the long period of forty years. In 1864 he represented his district in the Legislature, and again in 1868 and in 1869. Mr. Foster has followed lumbering principally for business, though having a farm in Argyle. His place is near the center of the town, on the river road. Mr. H. N. Foster, of Argyle, is a son of William Fos- ter, who was born in Gray, Mainei in 1781, and settled in Argyle in 1815. He was for years one of the leading men of the town, holding many of the prominent town offices, and for a time was Justice of the Peace. He married Lucy Spencer, who died in 1826. Mr, Foster died in 1867. H. N. Foster married Eliza Moore, March 13, 1849. They have had ten children, viz; Henrietta; Lucy J., deceased; Sarah E.; Nancy K, de- ceased; Ruel H.; Adoniram, deceased; Andrew W,; Adelbert A.; Arthur M., deceased; and Norah M., de- ceased. Mr. Foster is a farmer and lumberman, and lives on the west bank of the Penobscot River, in, Argyle, Mr. Gilbert W, Frees, of Argyle, was born, August 18, 1819, in the town of Argyle ere it was incorporated and ere Maine was a State. His father, Isaac Frees,' came here from Bangor. He was a native of Portland, Maine. His father's name was also Isaac. He married for his first wife Rebecca Hathorn, and for his second wife Me- hitabel J. Warren. By his first wife he had four children who grew up, viz : Jeremiah M., William L, Reuben, and Samuel. By his Second wife he had three children — Rebecca H., Isaac, now of Argyle, and Gilbert W, Mr. Frees followed lumbering principally. He was one of the early lumbermen on the river. He died in l^^^ Mrs. Frees died in 1859. Gilbert W. Frees lives on the old place settled by his father about 1800. He married Miss Martha A. Lowe, daughter of Thomas Lowe, of Argyle. They have four children, viz : Nettie W., »''« of William W. Brown, of Argyle; Gilbert C.,of Argyle; Samuel L., of Argyle; Hattie F. W., at home. Mr. Frees has followed lumbering in days past, though at HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 251 present he is engaged in farming. He lives on the river road in Argy.le, owns one hundred and thirty acres of land, and is well situated. Mr. Frees is at present one of the Selectmen of his town. He has held several other offices. William L. Frees was born in Argyle, April 8, 1807. (For his father's history see that of Gilbert W. Frees.) Mr. Frees has always lived in Argyle. He married Louisa Marsh, daughter of John Marsh, Jr., of Argyle. They have two children, viz : Lottie H. and Jeremiah. Mr. PYees has always followed lambering for a business, until within a few years. He owns a part of the old home- stead — seventy-five acres. He was one of the first town officers in Argyle, and has held various local offices. He is now seventy-four years of age. BRADFORD. Bradford is one of the dozen even townships in the west- erly projection of the county. The municipal organiza- tion of the town has left its regularity unimpaired; and it lies in beautiful shape, a regular township of six miles on each side, or thirty-six square miles in all, and one of the finest and best settled tracts in the county. It lies on the north line of Penobscot, adjoining Piscataquis, the fourth town in order from the northwest corner of the former county. Its northerly neighbor is Orne- ! ville, in Piscataquis county; it is bounded on the east by Lagrange and Alton towns; on the south by Hudson, and on the west by Charleston. It has no natural boun- dary, and is enclosed altogether by artificial' and straight hnes, but not running exactly with the cardinal points of the compass. There is a slight deflection of the north and south lines to the eastward of the meridian, and the east and west lines are accordingly also a httle out of due position. Its distance from the north line of Bangor, on right lines running due south, is the width of two surveyed townships — across Hudson and Glenburn 7— or about twelve miles. , Bradford has no large waters, as the Penobscot or any lakes, upon or within its borders; but is nevertheless ex- ceedingly well watered. The headwaters of the West Branch of the Dead Stream are but little beyond the northwest corner of the town, in Piscataquis, and it in- tersects the entire town in a long, irregular diagonal of twelve miles or more, almost precisely from corner to corner. Its principal tributary in this town is the Beaver Brook, which heads in three branches near the centre of Ijie north line of the town, and flows southward to a junction with the Dead Stream a mile and a quarter north of East Bradford post-office. Upon the middle one of these branches, about a mile below its source, is a mill- site. Further down, the Dead Stream is expanded into ponds at several places, as at East Bradford and on each side of School No. 6, which furnish eligible sites that have been improved for shingle and other mills In the northeast angle of the town is Bear Brook, which rises in Orneville, receives a small tributary from the westward near the east line of Bradford, and flows thence a short distance into Lagrange, where its waters reach the East Branch of Dea;d Stream, and by that the Pe- nobscot. South of the.' Bear Brook some miles, two other tributaries of Dead Stream have their sources in Bradford, and flow out into Alton. In the southern part of the town, west of the West Branch, are the head- waters of two little streams that also flow into the Dead Stream. West of them is Fletcher Brook, which heads heads northwest of East Bradford, and a petty runlet which is also a tributary of Forbes Brook. This is a stream of some importance for mill-sites, whose extreme headwaters are in the northwest corner of the town, near North Bradford post-office, and which also has a source something more than two miles due south of the other. From the latter point the two streams flow with general parallelism until their junction a little southwest of School No. 3. Just below this junction several mill-ponds have been formed, and shingle, grist, and' saw-mills put in. Still west of the Forbes Brook, rising near the centre of the west Hne of the town, and watering the country thence southward, is the Mohawk Stream. This and Forbes Brook presently unite their waters in Hudson, and flow thence into Pushaw Strearn. All these several streams furnish Bradford abundantly with water, and add importantly to its natural resources, especially in the development of mill-sites. This town is also uncommonly well provided with wagon roads, although it has no railway as yet; and it is a peculiarity of the roads of Bradford, compared with many other towns of the county, that many of them run upon straight lines and nearly with the cardinal points of the compass — like the Western roads, upon or near the section lines. East and west, about midway of the 252 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. town, a highway, starting from the road near Birch Stream, in Lagrange, strikes straight across Bradford, Charleston, and Garland, beyond which it bends to the southwest and runs to Dexter village. This goes through East Bradford. Through Bradford village passes another east and west road, which enters from Alton and goes out into Charleston by a zigzag course, joining a north and south road about half-way across the town. About a mile from the north line of Dexter, another east and west road of some three miles' length joins the termini of two roads coming in from Orneville, one from the northeast, the other from the northwest. A mile or more south of this is another and short'er route having the same general direction. In north and south roads the town is even better supplied. Two of them traverse the whole length of the town, and others large portions of it. The westernmost, about raid- way between Mohawk Stream and the west line of the town, comes in from Hudson, passes the cemetery a little more than a half a mile from the town and School No. i a mile further, and a mile beyond the latter ends at the road through Bradford village. Through this place also comes a road from Bradford, which passes another ceme- tery nearly due east of the former. School No. 2 shortly after, then Bradford village. School No. 3 at the junction of the central east and west road, another cemetery a mile beyond. School No. 4 at the junction of the next main road, a mile south of North Bradford, which it also reaches, and then divides into two forks, by which it reaches Orneville. The other through road in the same direction enters from Hudson about the middle of the south line, passes Schools No. 11 and 9, the latter near East Bradford post-ofSce, and after some deflection to the east also passes into Orneville. Half-way between these two highways another road runs nearly across the town, striking the Birch Stream at a saw-mill half a mile west of School No. 15, and something more than a mile further joining the road to North Bradford. A number of short lines, most of them neighborhood roads, also aid to give the town admirable highway service. As may be inferred from some of the foregoing state- ments, Bradford may be considered exceedingly well set- tled. Much of it, indeed, may be called densely settled, and with a very excellent class of population. Farms and garden spots are almost continuous over a large part of the town. In four places the settlements are so thick as to form villages, at Bradford in the southwestern quar- ter of the town ; at North Bradford, near the northwest corner; East Bradford, whose location has already been sufiSciently indicated; and Bradford Centre. Each of these has a post-ofiSce. The surface of Bradford is generally smooth, with gen- tle undulations. The land is tolerably free from stone, and is quite fertile, producing well of the various crops peculiar to this climate and region. There is little waste about it, no lakes, ponds, or swamps occupying any part of its surface. The country here was originally covered with a dense forest, consisting of the hard and resinous woods still commonly known in the Maine woods. The first inroads of civilization upon the forests here were made by the single pioneer in the summer of 1804 ^ames AVhite, probably from Thomaston, who pushed up hither into the wilderness with his family and began his clearing preparatory to settlement. Some time dur- ing the year also came two settlers named Jennison and Rogers, from Union, in Knox county, who made their location in what is now the south part of the town. The next spring (1805), arrived Robert Marshall, also of Thomaston, who is generally credited as being a joint pioneer with White the year before. He was still living in 1859. The settlers of 1806 were two men or families named Wilson and Hildreth, from Thomaston. After that there was a moderate and tolerably steady growth gf the settlement year by year. It was seventeen years, however, before a sufi5cient colony had collected in this quarter to justify organiza- tion, when, in 1820, a plantation was erected under the the name Blakesburghj it had at this time eleven voters. For about eleven years this answered the needs of the rather sparse population, and then the town of Bradford was incorporated. The date of this act was March 12, 1 83 1. It has since become one of the most populous towris of the county. In 1830, the year before incorpo- ration as a town, Blakesburgh Plantation had a popula- tion of four hundred and three. Ten years thereafter Bradford town had 1,000 people; in 1850, 1,296; in i860, 1,558; in 1870, 1,487, and in 1880, 1,460. The num- ber of polls in i860 was 314; in 1870, 359; in 1880, 374. Estates in these years, respectively, $186,107, $233,734, and $252,413. Religious and reformatory interests have had a good growth in this town. Calvinistic Baptist, Free Baptist, and Methodist churches have been organized. Two ministers of the second denomination reside in the town, and three of the last. The Town House was formerly used for a time for services by the Universalists. The Independent Order of Good Templars is organized in Felicity Lodge No. 181, which meets on Saturday evenings; and the Patrons of Husbandry have the In- dependent Grange No. 77. One lawyer and one physician represent the profes- sions other than clerical. There are eight general stores, and one millinery estab- lishment, in various parts of the town. Sixteen citizens of Bradford are engaged in manufacturing or in shops as proprietors, chiefly smiths, tanners, and lumbermen. Mr. John Coy keeps the only hotel as yet in the town. The officers of Bradford for i58i were: *Rev. AlVah Strout, Luther Gary, Alfred Streete, Selectmen; .Henry T. Williams, Town Clerk; M. D. Strout, Constable and Collector; George Elden, Treasurer; E. M. Wilson, School Supervisor; John W. Herrick, Thomas R. Kingsbury, Isaac Libby, M. D. Kingsbury, D. S. Humphrey, L. S. Bickmore, Quorum; Thomas H. Wentworth, Charles H. Robbins, Trial; H. S. Wilson, Thomas H. Wentworth, Dedimus — Justices. T. R. Kingsbury is Postmaster at Bradford Post" office, Charles P. Church at East Bradford, M. D. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 253 Kingsbury at North Bradford, and Henry D,' Barton at Bradford Centre. SETTTEMENT NOTES. Emmons Kingsbury was born in Foxburg, Massachu- setts, November ii, 1779. He came to Penobscot county in 1800, and settled in Brewer, where he remained until 1820, when he removed to Bradford. He was a farmer, in which business he remained all his life. While in Brewer, and during the War of 181 2, he commanded a company of infantry under General Blake, and took part in the battle at Hampden. He was one of the in- corporators of Brewer, and filled many of the town and village offices. He married Hannah Rider, a native of Brewer, in 1802, by whom he had twelve children. He died April 24, 1862. His wife died September 18, i860. His children's names were: Malinda, Susan, Rachel, Emmons, jr., Otis, William, Hannah A., Thomas R. John R., Richard .H., Walter F., and Chester. Thomas R. Kingsbury was born in Brewer in 181 7, and came to Bradford with his father when three years old, where he received a common school education and also attended school at the Charleston Academy. During the early part of his life he followed farming. In 1 843 he entered into partnership in the mercantile business with Gorham Davis, in Bradford, where he remained seven years, when he purchased Davis's interest and con- ducted the business at the old stand for a short time, when he erected the store that he now occupies. He has held the office of Selectman of Bradford fifteen years, of Town Treasurer twelve years, School Commit- tee several years, and Town Agent five years, also Col- lector of Taxes two years. He also represented his class in the Legislature one year, and in 1869 and 1870 was elected to the State Senate. In politics he was originally a Dem.ocrat, until 1861, when he became a Republican. He has been twice married. His first wife was Mary S. Dean, a native of Hampden. She died August 6, 1844. He then married Amanda L. Clark, a native of Atkinson. He is the father of seven children, viz : Marcus D., who married Sarah M. French, and lives at North Bradford; Roscoe A., mar- ried Linda S. Clark, and lives at East Corinth; Emma A., died at Bradford; Wilber T., lives at home; Ellvvood E., died at Bradford; Freddie C, died at Bradford; Birtie M., lives at home. He was appointed postmaster during the administration of Franklin Pierce (1853), and has held the office to the present time, with the excep- tion of two years. He has been commissioned Justice of the Peace five terms in succession. Cyrus P. Church was born in the town of Readfield, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1820. In 1823 he with his parents removed to Gardiner in the same county, where he received all the common school education that was available in those times. In 1844 he married Hannah C. Plaisted, a native of New Hampshire, and settled in Gardiner, where he carried on the business of farming. In 1846 he removed to Mercer, Somerset county, Maine, where he carried on the tanning business, and remained there until 18^2. While in Mercer, he held the office of Selectman for two years. In 1852 he removed to East Bradford, and settled on the farm now owned by Charles P. Church. He has held the office of Selectman of Bradford for two years, and in 1865 was elected Representative from Penobscot county to the State Legislature, which office he held one term. In politics he was a Republican until 1878, when he united with the Greenback party, to which he now belongs. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His first wife, Hannah C. Plaisted, died in 1857. She was the mother of five children: Charles A., dead; Charles P., who married Hattie M. Folsom, and lives in East Bradford; and Katie E., who also resides in East Brad- ford. In 1858 he married Mary A. Hill, of Exeter, by whom he has three children: Georgie E., dead; Harry L., and Harlan P., who reside at home. In 1880 he moved to Houlton, where he entered into partnership with G. W. Houlton and built a new tannery, but re- mained there only one year, when he returned to East Bradford. In 1847 Benjamin O. Foster built the first tannery in the town. It burned down in the fall of 185 1. In the spring of 1852 Cyrus P, Church and Francis A. Plaisted purchased the site, and immediately built a new tannery on the old site. They remained in partnership about three years, when Mr. Cyrus Church purchased Plaisted's interest, and ran the business in his own name until the fall of 1868, when it again burned. He immediately re- built, and continued the business alone until April i, 1871, whenhe took his son, Charles P. Church, into partnership. They remained in partnership three years, when he sold out his whole interest to Charles P. Church, who continues the business at the present time. The number of vats in the new tannery, originally foity- seven, has been extended to one hundred and twenty- one, and the annual business amounts to about four hun- dred tons of leather, Charles P. Church was born in the town of Mercer, Somerset county, in 1849. In 1852 he came to Penob- scot county with his brother, and settled in East Brad- ford, where he now resides. The Bradford tannery, which was built in 1868 by Cyrus P. Church, was sold to Charles P. Church in 1874. The latter now carries on the business. He manufactures four hundred tons of leather yearly, and makes a speciahy of buffalo leather. The hides- are imported from the East Indies, and after being tanned, are shipped to Boston, Massachusetts. He is also engaged in the mercantile business, and there can be found at his store anything in the regular line of dry goods, groceries, etc. In 1880 he was appointed Postmaster under President Hayes' administration, which office he now holds. In 1880 he married Hattie M. Folsom. Alvah Strout was born in the town of Limington, York county, Maine, in 1810, where he received a common school education. He learned the cabinet and chair- making trade in Buxton, and followed his trade but two years, when he commenced mercantile business in the town of Limington, where he remained three years, when he sold out, and in 1833 removed to Penobscot county. He first settled on the farm now owned by Dennis-" E. 254 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK Willson, in Bradford, and engaged in the manufacture of oars, in which business he was engaged ten years. He then turned his attention to teaching and preaching the Gospel, in the Free-will Baptist Church, as an itinerant minister, and has filled the pulpit in several different parishes. In 1879 he gave up the ministry and turned his attention to farming, in which business he is now engaged. In 1863 he was elected to the office of Select- man in Bradford town, which he held one year. In 1880 he was again elected to the same office, and holds it at the present time. He married Keziah Wilson in Brad- ford, June 2, 1835, and is the father of ten children : Mary K, married Isaac T. Bailey, who died in the army; she then married Thomas J. Roberts ; she died Decem- ber II, 1874, in Bradford. Emily J., who married William Randell ; he died in Bradford, August 6, 1865; she then married Richard Soule, and lives in Bradford. Alvah p. M. lives in Bradford. Andrew W., killed at the battle of Mansfield, Louisiana, 1864, while a mem- ber of the Thirtieth Maine Infantry. Enoch B. married Hattie Treadwell, of Garland, and resides in that town. Waham W., married Lizzie A. Moulton, of Lowell, . Massachusetts. Sarah M., married Orlando Townsend, and lives in Denver, Colorado. George H., lives in Bradford. Daniel E. and Fannie L., live at home. In politics he was first a Jacksonian Democrat, until the Anti-Slavery party was organized, and cast the third Anti-Slavery vote in Bradford town. He became a Re- publican at the organization of that party, and at the present time is a Greenbacker. John Libbey was born in Berwick, York county, Maine, in 1786. He married Abigail Libbey, in York; in 1836 he removed with his family to Bradford, and settled on the farm now owned by Enos and David Young, where he followed the business of farming and milling. He purchased the mill from the Wason brothers, in which business lie was engaged until 1858. He held the office of Town Treasurer for a number of years and the office of Selectman one year. In politics he was an old-time Whig. He was the father of four children. Sophronia died at the age of nine. Isaac, who married Mary Worster, of Lebanon, Maine ; he liyes in Bradford. Peltia, who died at the age of four. John, jr., who mariied Mary E. Tasker in 1857. John, jr., moved to California, and afterwards moved to Dead- wood, where he died in 1878. Isaac Way was born in Berwick in 18 13, where he re- ceived a cornmon school education. In 1836 he re- moved to Bradford and settled on the farm with his father, and engaged in farming and milling. In 1837 he married Mary Worster, of Lebanon. He has held the office of Selectman of Bradford for a number of years. In politics he is a Republican. Is the father of three children: Daniel, who married Augusta Randell, and was a member of the Second Maine Cavalry, was killed at Blakely, Alabama, in 1865. Elizabeth, who married O. W. Severance; he died in 1864; she is now married to A. W. Severance, and resides in Bradford. Hebron, who married Alsada T. Rose, died in Bradford in 1868; Daniel S. Humphrey was born in Bradford in 1844, where he received a common-school education. At the age of sixteen he attended school at the East Corinth Academy, and studied six terms. At the age of eighteen he commenced teaching school, and followed teaching five years. In 1866 he purchased a store-room and farm R. F. Kingsbury, and bdught a stock of goods and en- gaged in the mercantile business, in which business he is now. He also deals extensively in live stock — sheep, cattle, etc. At his store can be found every article usu- ally found in any well-regulated country store. He held the office of Selectman of Bradford five years, and was chairman of the Board two years. He was commissioned Justice of the Peace: first, under Governor Perham, and then under Governor Garcelon, which office he now holds. In politics he is Republican. He is a member of the Baptist Church. In 1870 he married Nellie S, Bean, a native of Corinth, and is the father of two chil- dren — Mabel A. and Maud F. Caleb Humphrey was born in North Yarmouth in 1810, where he received a common-school education. He is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged, He married Anna Fogg, of Wales, in 1842; came to Per nobscot county in 1841, and settled on the farm on which he now lives the same year. He has held the office of Selectman of Bradford one year; is a member of the Baptist Church, and has held the office of Deacon in the church for the past four years. In politics he is Repub- lican. He is the father of three children — William F., who lives in Bradford ; Daniel S., married Nellie Bean, of Corinth, lives at North Bradford, and is engaged in the mercantile business ; and Frederick, who died at the age of five years. John W. Bailey was born in the town of Palermo, Waldo county, in 1793, where he married Delphos Dean. He followed farming and trading. He came to Brad- ford in 1841, and first settled on the farm now owned by William Bailey. His wife died in Palermo. He mar- ried, for his second wife, Martha Wade, at Bedford. He was a member of the Universalist Church. In politics he was a Democrat. He was the father of five children — William, .who married Mary Southard, and lives in Bradford ; Harris, who married Jane Kinkade, and lives in Bangor; John, who married Mahala Southard and lives in Bradford ; Betsy, who married Isaac Arnold, and lives in Bradford ; Delphos, who married Daniel Southard, and lives in Bradford. He died in Bradford in 1878, William was born in Albion in 1817; came to Penob- scot county with his father in 1841, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. In 1839 he married Mary Southard, of Oldtown; has held the office of Selectman of Bradford two years ; is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged ; in politics he is a Republican. He is the father of four children — Augustus C, married Sarah Smith, and lives in Bradford; Albert H, married Fan- nie Mills, and lives in Bradford ; Zelma A., married John B. Southard, and lives in Bradford ; Adeline, who married John Torsey, died in Bangor ; Bradford, married Dolly Willey, and lives in Hudson; Edward,- manied Ruby Donaldson, and lives at Foxcroft ; Cenus, married Luellin McClure, and lives in Hudson. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 255 John Southard was born in Skowhegan, 1777. He was a natural mechanic, and could manufacture any article he turned his hand to. He married Fannie Gulliver, of Waterville, by whom he had fourteen children. He came to Bradford in 1859, and settled on the farm now owned by John Bailey, where he carried on farming. He enlisted in Captain Parlin's company, under Brigadier- General Sewall, in the War of 1812. In 1834 his wife died; he then married Louisa Sampson, a native of Nor- ridgewock, in 1835, by whom he had ten children. He was a member of the Calvinist Baptist church; in poli- tics was a Democrat. He died at Bradford June 25, 1880, at the age of one hundred and three years. His children's names are: William, died at St. Albans; John, died in California; Rachel, died at Fairfield; Joseph, lives in St. Albans; Betsy, lives in Brooklyn, New York; Fannie, died in Bangor; Mary, lives in Bradford, and is married to William Bailey; Daniel, married Delphos Bailey, lives in Bradford; Timothy, married Mary Ann Gulliver, lives in Bangor; Mahaley, married John Bailey, lives in Bradford; Lydania, died in St. Albans, at the age of nine years; Zachariah, married May Berry, lives in St. George, New Brunswick; Sophrona, died at St. Albans; Mariah, married Lewis Frost, he died, she then married William Merrill, lives in Blair; Melissa, married Lucian Tucker, she died in Southboro, Massachusetts; Cyrus, married Marcha Arnold, and lives in Bradford; Levi, died when six years of age; Henry, died when six years of age. William Sanford was born in the town of Palermo, Waldo county, Maine, in 1818, where he received a com- mon school education; came to Bradford in 1859, and settled on the farm now owned by Eben Daniels. In 1 84 1 he married Mary Ann Rowe, a native of Waldo, by whom he had three children; she died in Bradford, Au- gust 5, 1848; he then married Jane Erskine. Has held the office of Selectman of Bradford for two years; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; in politics is a Republican. Is the father of fourteen children- Isabel H., died in Bradford; Rufus R., died in Bradford; George W., lives at Houlton; Anna M., died in Brad- ford; William H., who married Hattie L. Perry, lives in Bradford; Clara J., married Edwin A; Aldridge, and lives in Bradford; Alford G., John W., Charles C, Ulys- ses S., Rufus R., Nellie M., Daniel B., Minnie B— all at home. BRADLEY. Bradley is one of the large towns in the south of the county, east of the Penobscot. The river bounds it on the west, lying between it and the towns of Orono and Oldtown. On the east lies Hancock county; on the south Eddington and Clifton, and the large water known as Nichols's Pond; and on the north Milford town. Only its north and east boundaries are each in one straight line. The southern limit is so broken as to make a great triangle of the southernmost part of the town; and the western is curved somewhat by the winding course of the noble Penobscot. The distance of Bradley from Bangor, by the nearest points of the two towns, from the southwest corner of the former due west across the river, Orono, and Veazie, is but three and a half miles. The greatest breadth of the town, from that corner due eastward to the county line, is very nearly ten miles; its width at the north boundary is six and two-thirds. The extreme length of the town, from the north line to the angle at the south, in Nichols's Pond, is seven and a half miles. The peculiarity of settlement in Bradley is that it clings almost exclusively to one road, that along the Pe- nobscot River. The character of the soil is such, and the direction of industries has been so determined by other natural causes, that the interior of this town, and the country eastward for a range of seven townships in Han- cock and Washington counties, is almost unbroken by the plow, or even by excavation for a cellar. A shingle and stave-mill has been located on Nichols's Stream, in the southwest part of the town, about a mile and a half from the river; and a few settlements, including the Town Farm on Great Works Stream, about the same distance from the Penobscot, have pushed out a little way on that Stream and its sole southern tributary; but apart from these there is scarcely a farm-house or habita- tion of civilized man in this town half a mile back from *S6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, the river. Along the river road, however, settlement is so dense that the population of the town, as may be seen below, mounts to quite a respectable figure. Indeed, it is almost a continuous village from one corner of the town to the other, upon this side. The village proper, however, is near the northwest corner, upon the Penob- scot, and takes the name Great Works from its manu- facturing industries, although the post-office is known as Bradley. Its companion village. West Great Works, is on the opposite side of the river, in Oldtown, and has a post-office name to correspond with its own ' designa- tion. The river road, a section of the same highway which follows the west bank of the Penobscot from its south- ern end to Mattawamkeag, runs for about five miles in Bradley. All the schools of the town, three in number, are situated upon it, as also the village of Great Works, the cemetery a little below that place, and another a little above the mouth of Nichols Stream. The sparse settlements on that and the Great Works Streams have of course short neighborhood or "plug roads;" but the wagon-tracks further in the interior are few and insignifi- cant, as there is little demand for them by the settlement of this and the townships to the westward. The town has no railroad, but has easy access across the river to the European & North American line. The waters of Bradley are not numerous, but are of good size, and somewhat important. It has the Penob- scot, which needs no further description here. Nichols's Pond, which lies in the extreme south part of the town, parts of it being also in Clifton and Eddington, is a fine sheet of water, lying in a general direction from north- west to southeast, about three miles in greatest length by two miles in breadth. Its outlet is made through Nichols Stream, a brook of respectable dimensions and a little more than four miles' length, which furnishes a water-power at the point before mentioned, and de- bouches into the Penobscot a mile above Orono. The Great Works Stream has several, heads on the east side of Bradley and the middle eastern part of Clifton, and runs northwesterly about eleven miles, making pretty nearly a diagonal through the town, to its mouth at the Great Works. A mile from this place it receives a tributary of small volume and about four miles' length, which runs in from the south. Much rolling ground diversifies the scenery, but none of the hills are of imposing height. As may be inferred from preceding remarks, there is little agriculture in the town, as the infertile nature of he soil back from the river forbids it. The tract was once covered densely with timber, chiefly pine; and a great deal of lumbering is still carried on along the river. Upon this industry the inhabitants mainly rely for sup- port. • So long ago as 1859 there were at the village alone fourteen single-board saw-mills, three mills with gangs of saws, four clapboard machines, four lath machines, and three shingle mills. There were more then than there are now. The earliest setders in Bradley got up the river and in their rude habitations upon its banks in 1817. They were mostly from different parts of the "District of Maine" and from old Massachusetts. There was a toler- ably satisfactory growth, and in 1835, February 3d, the town was iticorporated under its present name. It had then about 300 inhabitants. In 1840, when its first cen- sus as a municipality was taken, it had 395 people' in 1850 more than double that number, or 796 — a truly surprising growth; in i860 there were 844; in 1870, 866' and in 1880, 829. The number of polls in Bradford in i860 was 182 ■ in 1870, 210; in 1880, 234. The valuation of estates in this town in the first year was $116,300; in the second, $158,166; and in the last $118,998. A Free Baptist church has been established in the town, whose pulpit is just now vacant. There is also a society of Spiritualists, with a "Children's Progressive Lyceum" holding its sessions on Sundays. The Wom- en's Christian Temperance Union and the Independent Order of Good Templars have also had branches here recently. The lodge of the latter had tlie name "Excel- sior." There are three grocers in the town, and the business men have had the enterprise to secure telephone connection with the city of Bangor. The officers of the town for 1881 were: A. E. Per- kins, O. S. Cram, R. Hinckley, Selectmen; James A Rich, Town Clerk; James A. Rich, Treasurer; H. C. Bean, Jerry Bell, Constables; H. F. Brawn, J. E. White, J. W. Knapp, jr., School Committee; Joel C. Pease, James A. Rich, Justices. The Postmaster at Bradley (Great Works Village) is Mr. G. F. Barton. NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. The records in possession of the Knapp family date back to 1747, at the birth of Samuel Knapp, of Mansfield, ; Bristol county, Massachusetts. He married Rachel Grover. They had ten children, three boys and seven girls, viz: Sylvia, Rachel, Sebra, Betsy, Gideon, Rachel, Hepzibah, Roxana, Moses, and Samuel. Moses Knapp, of this family, married Abigail Eddy. They had ten children, viz: Samuel, Hiram, John N., Sabra S.-, Sewell C, Cyrus, James I., Sylva S., Abby A,, Levi G. Of this family John N., the subject of the sketch, was born March 21, 1815, in this town. His grandfather, Samuel, settled in Brewer December i6, 1785, and moved to this town in the fall of 1799. He settled near the centre of the town, being among the first settlers. John N. married Eliza Whitney, daugh- ter of Robinson Whitney, of Newburg. They have had eight children, three of whom are now living — John N., Jr., Moses E., and Irvin S., all of whom now live in Bradley. The names of the deceased are, Agnes A., Salome, Ella A., May, and Fred T. None of the living are now married. Mr. Knapp owns twelve hundred acres of farming and timber land. He now lives about one and a half miles south of the village, on land first cleared by his grandfather in the year 1799. Alonzo E. Perkins, son of Eben Perkins, of the town of Penobscot, Hancock county, lived some time in Bucksport. He married Paulina Perkins, daughter of Abraham Perkins, of Penobscot. They were among HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 257 the first settlers of that town. They had twelve children, six boys and six girls, ten of whom are now living, viz : Alonzo E., the subject of this sketch; Amos W., now of the town of Penobscot; Charles E., now living in Brad- ley; Louisa J., now Mrs. Livermore, of this town; Mary A, now Mrs. Sanborn, of Bradley; Eleanor E., now Mrs. Tarrio, still living in Bradley; Preston E., of this town; Rosa, now Mrs. Stetson, of Bradley ; Franklin M., of Bradley; Lilla D., of the town of Penobscot, Hancock county. The deceased were named Samuel and Emily. Samuel died in 1864, and Emily in 1865. Mr. Perkins died in 1865. Mrs. Perkins married for her second hus- band John Hanson, with whom she is now living. Alonzo E. Perkins was born in 1835. After receiving a common school education he followed the sea during the summer seasons. He married Miss Frances M. Tripp, by whom he had two children, who died in infancy. Mrs. Perkins died in 1868. Mr. Perkins is now and has been Chairman of the Board of Selectmen for three years. He is the overseer in the large milling interest of L. & F. H. Strickland, of Bangor, formerly the firm of Babb and Strickland. Mr. Perkins has held this po- sition for twenty years. These facts speak louder than words as to his ability and integrity as a business man. Ransom Hinkley is son of William Hinkley, of this town, who came here in an early day. He married El mira Mason, daughter of Andrew Mason, of Searsport. They had nine children, five boys and four girls : James W., now deceased; Cynthia, now Mrs. Knowlton, of this town; Mary A., now Mrs. Brown, of Bradley; Ransom ; Charles, now of Massachusetts; Jane A., now deceased; Elwin, now in Washington Territory; Abbie, now Mrs. Swett, of Bradley; Frederick, of Bradley. Mr. Hinkley died in 1873, and Mrs. Hinkley in 187 1. Ransom Hinkley, the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Jackson, on the 12th of April, 1841. He came to this town when a child with his parents. After obtaining a common school education he went to work in the mill here, where he has ever since been em- ployed, now being engaged in running logs. In 1864 he married Miss Maria L. Witham, daughter of Philip Witham, of Bangor. To this couple have been born three children — George A., now fifteen; Earnest L., now ten; Willie H., now four years old. Mr. Hinkley has served as Selectman, School Agent, and School Committee of this town in years past. Eugene Leufest is son of Steven E. Leufest, of Swan- ville, Waldo county, where he has hved most of his life. He married Paulina Nickerson, of Swanville. They had five children, one boy and four girls, viz : Lydia A., now Mrs. Hamilton, Milford; Mary E., deceased, wife of Captain Joshua Dunnels, of Belfast; Jane P., now Mrs. Patterson, of Astoria, Oregon ; Eugene, and Martha E., now deceased. Steven Leufest died during the year 1857 or 1858. He was drowned by the capsizing of a flat-boat on the Missouri River, while on his way East to get his family to move to Kansas. Mrs. Leufest died in 1856. Eugene Leufest, the only son of this family, was born February 22d, 1835. He married Mary U. Blackman, daughter of Adam Blackman, of Bradley, and settled in this town in 1859, where he has ever since Hved. He now lives opposite the town of Orono, where he owns a good farm of one hundred acres. To this couple have been born two children, viz: Elmer, and one that died in infancy. Elmer is now sixteen, and is at home. Mr. Leufest has served his . town as one of the Selectmen several years. Charles R. Richardson is a son of Charles G. Richard- son, of Burlington, in this county. His mother's maiden name was Angeline Eddy, of Eddington. Charles G. Richardson had seven children: Albert, now deceased; Charles R.; Charlotte, now deceased; Fiances, also dead; Edward, deceased; Frank, now in St. Paul, Minnesota; Ada, now Mrs. Eben Files, of Caribou, Maine.. Mr. Richardson is still living in Burlington. Mrs. R. died in April 2, 1869. Charles R. Richardson was born Decem- ber 31, 1841, in Burlington. He came to Bradley in 1 861 and engaged in the mill business, in which busisnes he still is engaged. In 1870 he married Mrs. Mary Metcalf, of Bradley. Mrs. M. had been married before this union and had one child, William A. Metcalf Mr. and Mrs. R. had one child, Frank L., now seven years old. Mrs. R. died November i, 1879. Mr. R. has served as Selectman of the town. Samuel Bullin is a son of Philip Bullin, of Hallowell. His father's name was Samuel Bullin, who came from Billerica, Massachusetts. Phillip Bullin had five sons and two daughters, viz: Hannah, now Mrs. Hunt, of Pittston; Paulina, now Mrs. Bliss, of Eau Claire, Wiscon- sin; Henry M., now in California; Laura, deceased wife of Oliver Goodwin, and Samuel, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1813. He married Olive Banks, of Saco, daughter of Cummings Banks. He settled in Bradley in 1835 as a blacksmith, though he has a farm. He did the blacksmith work of the mills here when they were built. Mr. Bullin has now living four children — Anna, now Mrs. Tyler, of this town; Lizzie, Henry H., Abbie J., all of whom now live here. Mr. B. has served his term as Postmaster, Selectman, and Town Treasurer, in days past. He is much interested in all that pertains in the welfare of the town, having lived here so long. BREWER. DESCRIPTION. This important old town is in one of the most prom- inent positions in the county, lying as it does immediately adjoining Bangor, with only the river between them. Beyond the Penobscot He Veazie, on the north of Brewer, Bangor on the northwest, and a small part of the northeast corner of Hampden at the west. East of the river the town is bounded by Eddington on the northwest, Holden on the southeast, and Orrington at the southwest. The tract is thus seen to lie in a general direction of northeast and southwest. It is in extreme length, from the northernmost angle above North Brewer to the south line east of the jog, a little more than five and a half miles ; the greatest breadth, from a point on the river opposite the cemetery below Brewer, is three and one-fifth miles. From that point northeastward the width of the town is gradually reduced by the eastward trend of the river, and finally by angles in the northeast boundary of the town, until it is reduced to nothing a little above North Brewer. Near the southwest corner, at Brewer Village, the Segeunkedunk Stream, which furnishes the outlet through Orrington for Brewer's and Field's Ponds, flows into the Penobscot at a little bay, the south shore of which is in the extreme corner of the town. The stream runs for nearly a mile in Brewer, and furnishes a water-power to grist- and other mills just beyond the town line. About midway between Brewer Village and Brewer post-office, a very small tributary enters the Penobscot. Another and larger one enters at the south part of the latter place. Half-way between that and North Brewer comes in Felt's Brook, which intersects a large part of the town, having a total course of about seven miles within it. It heads in the southeast part of the town, and at about two miles, distance receives a small tributary from Holden, flowing thence in a quite tortuous course to the Penobscot. The northeast part of the town is watered by the Eaton Brook, which flows across its whole breadth, entering from Holden, and receiving a modest affluent from Eddington. The Penobscot furnishes to Brewer not only its great facilities for navigation, but also the chief industries of the town, in ship-building and the allied labors. This region is also remarkably well supplied with roads. Only one leading highway, however, intersects it con- tinuously along its entire length — the River road, which runs about seven miles in this town, from corner to cor- ner, clinging close to the Penobscot all the way. Brewer Village, the larger cluster about Brewer post-office, and the hamlet of North Brewer, are all upon this road, as also a large part of all other settlements in the town. About a mile below the bridges over the Penobscot is the cemetery, and a little further above them one of the pub- lic school-houses stands on the same road. Several short roads — prominent among which is Green Point Road, about half-way across the southwest part of the town- connect the highways that traverse its breadth. These are four in number, lying generally not more than a mile apart. One runs from Brewer Village into Holden, with a branch just out of the village running into Orrington, Another strikes from Brewer post-office, with three branches connecting with the wagon bridge over the Pen- obscot, and points a little above and below it, straight across to Holden, whence it passes into Dedham, Han- cock county. Another road across the town diverges from the middle of the three branches just mentioned, and crosses the town further to the northeast Near its passage of Felt's Brook, a cross-read connects it with the other road from Brewer post-office, and a quarter of a mile beyond the brook another connects it with the route fron North Brewer southward across the town, and runs half a mile beyond it. Near the intersection of the latter two roads another school-house is located. On the roads and waters a number of mills, brick-yafds, and other fac- tories, mostly of modest size, are situated. The Bangor & Bucksport railroad, now a narrow-guage, enters the town from the railway bridge at Brewer post- office, and runs near the river, but on the land side of the river road, for something less than three miles, pass- ing Brewer Village on the way, and below that running into Orrington. EARLY HISTORY. Brewer was one of the first tracts settled in the Penob- scot Valley. The very next year after the pioneer Bussell built his cabin on the hillside at Kadesquit, or Kendus- keag (now Bangor), the earliest settler planted the stakes of civilization on the opposite side of the river atwhatis now Brewer Village, attracted thither, probably, not only by the beauty of the location, but by the admirable water-power afforded there by the Segeufikedunk Stream. This was in the summer of 1770, and the pioneer was Colonel John Brewer, formerly of Worcester, Massax;hu- setts, from whom the town takes its name. Some ac- count of the peculiar conditions of his settlement will be found in the history of Orrington. He was the first postmaster of the first post-office established within Us limits. ■ He was a stout-hearted veteran of the wars and the wilderness, and rendered important service to the cause of independence during the Revolution, especially in July, 1779, during the movement of Saltonstall and Novell against the British works on the summit of the Castine Peninsula. A foot-note to page 472, in the sec- ond volume of Williamson's History of Maine, says:— 258 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 259 Captain John Brewer, a settler at Segeunkedunk (in Brewer), went on board the iieet. He had been in the fort on the asth July, and exam- ined it ; and now gave the General and Commodore every information they could desire. Three weeks afterwards, from his home at "Segeunke- dunk," he viewed the destruction of a large part of the American fleet, which had fled up the river to "places above and just below the mouth of the Kenduskeag," where the vessels were burned or blown up by their own crews, to keep them from falling into the hands of the pursuing enemy; and he left express testimony as to the time when several of these were destroyed, viz, on the 15th of August. A number of our people who had been wound- ed in the affairs at Major-biguyduce Peninsula, or Cas- ' tine, were taken to Colonel Brewer's house, and there received treatment from Dr. Downing, a surgeon of the ruined fleet. After the burning by the British of Cap- tain Jonathan Buck's mill, dwelling, and much other property, with several houses of his neighbors at Eastern River (BuckspOrt), Captain Mowett, commander of the British fleet, and a surly, brutal fellow, came up to the Segeunkedunk, and actually threatened to stab Colonel Brewer with his sword, because he had been instrumental in the escape of one Captain Ross, commander of an armed American vessel. A cartel had been allowed the patriots by the British General McLane, who was a man of very different character from Mowett, under which they were permitted to take home the wounded that were scattered in different settlements along the river; and Colonel Brewer's offense was simply that, by virtue of this arrangement, he had aided Captain Ross to get away through the wilderness homeward. Colonel Brewer and family were so alarmed by the acts of the savage Mowett and his companions that they, with the family of a Mr. Crosby and others residing on the west side of the river, hastily packed up their effects and went on a vessel down the river and bay to Camden, where they were pro- tected until they could safely return. Their cattle had to he driven down thither through the dense vroods. OTHER INH.4BITANTS, ETC. By the time the Revolution was fairly under way, it is estimated that there were one hundred and sixty inhabi- tants in the Brewer region. They became much scat- tered during the war, but less than ten years after it closed, by the census of 1790, Orrington, "and adjacent places," including Brewer, contained 477 inhabitants. Among the early settlers were Isaac Robinson, Elisha Skinner, Lot Rider, Deodat Brastow, Benjamin Snow, and the Holyoke, Farrington, and Burr families. Many interesting notes concerning the beginnings at Brewer will be found included in the early chapters of Judge Godfrey's Annals of Bangor, in this volume. In 1800 the municipality in which Brewer was in- ^ ^eluded had 786 inhabitants; in 1810, 1,341. When the next census was taken Brewer had become a separate town and had 734 people. Its subsequent statistics of population are as follow: 1830, 1,078; 1840, 1,736; 1850, 2,628; i860, 2,835; 1870, 3,214; 1880, 3,170. The number of polls in Brewer at the time of its erec- tion," 1812, was 162. In 1820 it had 147 polls. Forty years thereafter, in i860, the number had mounted to 554; in 1870 there were 634, and in 1880, 796. The statistics of estates for these same years are: 1812, $3,981, with a tax of but 61 cents on the $1,000; 1820, $49,699; i860, $562,499; 1870, 669,867; 1880, $73S>i69. In the year 1800, when the Congregational church was established at Brewer Village, there were but nine houses within a circuit of three miles from the place. In i8i6, there were eighty-six dwellings in Brewer, besides other buildings. ANTIQUITIES. One of the supposed sites of Norumbega, the fabulous city in the Penobscot wilderness, is on the "Brimmer Flats," in this town, opposite the mouth of the Kendus- keag. The name is usually appropriated as the pre-his- toric title of the Bangor site; but it is certain that the old maps represent Norumbega on the east side of the river, and if there was any such place, and its situation is repre- sented with approximate correctness upon these charts, it must have stood upon or near the present territory of Brewer. It was upon this side of the river, also (although Mr. Williamson says "on the westerly side"), near Treat's Falls, that Governor Pownal landed, with General Samuel Waldo and an armed party of one hundred and thirty- six men, on his expedition up the Penobscot in May, 1759, while his fort was building at Fort Point. "From this place," says Mr. Williamson, "he sent a message to the Tarratine tribe, giving them notice of the enterprise undertaken at Fort Point, and assuring them if they should fall upon the English and kill any of them, the whole tribe should be hunted and driven from the coun- try. 'But,' added he, 'though we neither fear your re- sentment nor seek your favor, we pity your distresses; and if you will become the subjects of his Majesty and live near the fort, you shall have our protection and en- joy your planting grounds and your hunting berths with- out molestation.'" A certain tragic interest attaches to this visit and to the spot "just above the falls," says Governor Pownal in his journal. General Waldo, the Governor's compan- ion during the excursion, was one of the grantees of the Muscongus (commonly called the Waldo) Patent, on the west side of the Lower Penobscot, and was naturally much interested in the construction of Fort Pownal, which promised protection and warranted rapid settle- ment in all the Penobscot country. He had conceived the impression that the Patent, when surveyed, would be found to include the ground upon which the party were then standing; and separating himself from them a little distance, he took a comprehensive survey of the surroundings, and exclaimed, "Here is my bound." No sooner had he thus congratulated himself upon the ex- tent and value of the domain of the Waldo proprietors than he fell and almost instantly expired of a stroke of apoplexy. This was on the 23d of May, 1759. The General was sixty-three years of age, and had been one of the most prominent characters of his time in military and other enterprises, bearing an especially conspicu- 26o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ous and honorable part in the taking of Louisburg. The leaden plate which Governor Pownal buried somewhere in this vicinity was not marked, as Mr. Wil- liamson asserts, with "an inscription of the melancholy event," but rather with a declaration of the supremacy of the English power in this region. Its full text, with co- pious extracts from the Governor's journal, may be found in our Military Chapter in the General History. MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION. Brewer, as we have seen in a notice of the census of 1790, was at first merely included in the mention of "adjacent places" to Orrington. The first corporate name in the present Penobscot county, west of the river, was New Worcester, under which designation were in- cluded the later Brewer, Orrington, and Holden. The name was taken from the ancestral home of Colonel Brewer. It was also known as Plantation No. g, from the township ^number in the surveys. When Orrington was erected as the fifty-third town in the district, March 21, 1788, it included the territory of the subsequent Brewer. The township had been regularly surveyed four years before, by Barnabas Dodge; and the next year (1785) a grant was made by the State of Massachu- setts to Colonel Brewer and Simeon Fowler, of Orrington, of all its front or water lots, — that is, those that lay on the Penobscot, — while the rest of the Orrington and Brewer territory was granted to Moses Knapp and others associated with him. The former amounted to ten thousand eight hundred and sixty-four acres, for which Brewer and Fowler paid ;^3,ooo, in the consoli- dated notes of the period. By 1812 the population of the large town of old Or- rington had become so numerous and so widely dispersed throughout its territory that a new town was demanded; and on the 2 2d of February, a date forever associated with the birth of the Father of his Country, shortly be- fore the outbreak of the last war with Great Britain, the town of Brewer was carved from its northern part, with about its present boundaries. It was the one hundred and ninety-first town erected in the District of Maine. The new town contained 23,582 acres, or the lion's share of the 37,304 acres constituting the old Orrington. THE FIR3T POST-OFFICE was estabhshed at Brewer Village in 1800, with Colonel Brewer as the first postmaster. He handled the light mails of his day here for thirty years. Until 1812, when the office was opened at Orrington, it was the only post- office west of the river, in the present Penobscot county. The mail was carried to it in the early days on horseback once a week. Mr. Daniel Shedd is the postmaster at this writing. An office was later established at Brewer, at the end of the wagon bridge. Mr. W. P. Burns is now the offi- cial in charge. These are so far the only post-offices in the town. ITEMS OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY. The good people of Brewer rehed in their earlier day for their pulpit instructions and religious ministrations mainly upon Bangor, where the Rev. Seth Noble— he who had the place named for his favorite hymn-tune had been settled as a Congregational preacher in 1788. His congregation, indeed, had been made up of Congre- gationalists and sympathizers with their faith, in the towns of Bangor and Orrington (Brewer inclusive), and had a name to correspond. He remained eight years, and was dismissed. , In 1800 came the Rev. James Boyd, who remained one year, and was in his turn dismissed. In this year, the opening one of the century, the First Con- gregational church of Brewer, and the first Congrega- tional church, so called, in the county, was organized. The exact date is September 7, 1800. The Rev. C. A. Beckwith is now its pastor. The Second Congregational church, or the society at Brewer Village, was organized January 18, 1843. The Rev. Clarence E. Sargent was its last pastor, leaving it so lately as September, 1881, after some years of successful ministry. A Methodist church has also been organized in the town, of which Rev. A. S. Townsend was preacher in charge in 1881.. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The people of Brewer are not greatly given, it would seem, to associated effort. The only society, beside the religious bodies named, that has any public notoriety in the town, is the Pine Grove Grange, No. 233, of the Patrons of Industry. It was organized November 15, 1877, and meets on Monday evenings.. SCHOOL-HOUSES in the town number eleven, with fifteen schools therein, and one free high school at the ferry village. INDUSTRIES OF BREV/ER. At the beginning of the century but one vessel was owned in Brewer. It subsequently became, however, a great place for shipbuilding, more vessels having been launched here most years than at Bangor or any other place on the river. In 1861, for example, the steamer Gazelle and the brigs Moses Day and Timothy Field, the latter of 397 and 167 tons, respectively, were launched here. The next year the brigs Caroline Eddy and Fron- tier, the barks Monitor, Limerick Lass, City of Bangor, Ironsides, and Templar, and the schooner Maria Lunt, with an aggregate tonnage of 3,303, came from the Brewer shipyards. Then, in successive years, were launched the ships Dumbarton (941 tons), Nevada, and F. Carver, the brig Clara P. Gibbs, the bark Evening Star, the schooners July Fourth and General Banks, 1863 (Bangor launched but one vessel this year); the ship David Brown, the brigs Katahdin, T. A. Darrell, and Atlas, the bark Charlotte A. Litchfield, and the schooners Moses Patten and Mary Patten, in 1864; in 1865, the ships Jennie Hight (1,117 tons) Hattie E. Tapley(946) and Florence Treat (790), the brig Eugenia, the schoon- ers Mattie Holmes, Fanny Elder, and Izetta; in 1866 the ship Phineas Pendleton (1,333 tons), the barks Helena, Albert Emerson, Argentine, and Hosea Rich, the brigs Caroline Gulliver, Charlotte, and Rachel Coney, and the schooners Mary Collins, Paul Seavey, and Dauntless; and in 1867 the brigs George E. Dake, Mau- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 261 rice, and Manson, and the schooners Darius Eddy, Charles E. Hellier, Nellie Treat, Fred Smith, and lona. Bangor launched but one vessel this year — the schooner Anna I.eland, of 139 tons. Brick-making is also a leading industry in the town, for which the clay in its soil affords excellent opportuni- ties. About a dozen persons or firms are engaged in this manufacture, some of them, as the Brewer Steam Brick Company, quite extensively. Brick machines are also made by two firms. There are about half the number of brick-makers en- gaged in saw-milling; but the greatness of their annual product makes this industry much more important than the other. Some of the works, as those of Messrs. D. Sargent's Sons, at Brewer Village, upon the old mill-site of Colonel Brewer, are very extensive. There are two plan- ing- and molding-mills, and two grist-mills. Among the lesser but still important industries in Brewer are the manufactures of sails, boats, leather, wooden boxes, carriages, boots and shoes, brush woods and broom handles, churns and spinning-wheels, woolen mittens, cooperage, harness, etc., etc., and the usual trades and professions are represented in large number. Joseph Oakes & Son, ship-builders, have a marine rail- way on Main street, in the upper village. Agriculture is not neglected, and is extensively pur- sued in the town, adding considerably to its resources and wealth. THE BREWER SAVINGS-BANK was organized on the first of May, 1869. In 1877 it re- ported for the year $49,013.75 deposits and profits; in 1880, $42,592.98, with 313 depositors and a reserve fund of $263.34. Mr. William P. Burr is President, and E. P. Farrington Treasurer of the bank. The town has as yet no National bank. BRIDGES AND FERRY. Mr. E. F. Duren furnishes the following historical note concerning the bridge across the Penobscot, con- necting Brewer and Bangor : The Bangor Bridge Company built the first bridge over the Penob- scot River in 1832. It was 440 yards in length; its cost $50,000. It was carried away by the flood in 1846, and rebuilt in 1847. A Railroad bridge for the Bangor & Bucksport Road crosses the Penobscot River east of the covered Penobscot bridge. It was built in 1873. A ferry for foot passengers has also long plied to Brewer from the foot of Union street, in Bangor. THE FLOOD OF '46. The Bangor Courier, in a vivid account of the great flood of 1846, caused by the jam of ice in the Penobscot and the Kenduskeag, includes the following incident : There were some families in great peril. A family living at the Point, between Brewer Village and the river, were alarmed by the ap- proach of the flood, and started, several women in the number, for higher land in the vicinity, but before reaching it the water was up to thheir armpits. They reached what was then an island, and were com- pelled to remain during the night. Twenty women and children, as the water flowed over the plain at Brewer.fled to a school-house, but could not return, and were obliged to go back upon the hills and remain until the water subsided. BIOGRAPHICAL. A humorous article on " Penobscot Characters," in the entertaining little volume entitled Voices from the Ken- duskeag, contains the following anecdotes of one of the old-time notabilities of this town : A character of considerable humor was Captain Jacob Hart, of East Brewer. He was an officer in the War of the Revolution, and while in the army acquired habits of military precision and military vivacity that adhered to him through life. He had also the habit of interlard- ing his observations with the expressions "pretty likely — hum," "of course — yes." At one time he had indulged too freely, and, coming out of the Hatch tavern, he attempted to descend the long flight of steps that used to lead to the road; but, making a misstep, he rolled to the bottom. Picking himself up as speedily as possible, he turned to the right-about-face, and said with military promptness: "Asyou are, Jake Hart, pretty likely." Then, looking towards the witnesses of his mishap, the Captain made the following proposition: "If any man in the town of Bangor can tumble down stairs equal to old Jake Hart, he has an undoubted right to try it — hum — pretty likely — of course — yes. " He once sold a citizen some hay. The gentleman inquired if it was fine hay. The Captain replied: "Hum, pretty likely — fine hay, of course, yes." Without examining it, the gentleman paid him and di- rected him to put it into his barn. On using it he found it was very coarse hay, and when the Captain again made his appearance, he took him to task for cheating him. The Captain raised his eyes in amaze- ment, and inquired wherein he had cheated him. " In the hay; you told me it was fine hay, when it was coarse." " Hum — pretty likely — I told you 'twas fine hay, of coarse, yes — of c-o-a-r-s-e. " Of course the gentleman said no more. The following military biographies are extracted from General Hodsdon's reports as Adjutant-General of the State during the war period : LiEUTENANT-CoLONEL Thomas D. Chamberlain en- listed as a private in the Twentieth Maine Volunteers at the organization of the regiment. He was subsequently promoted to be Sergeant, and upon recommendation of his company and regimental commanders was still farther promoted in January of 1862, to the first Lieutenantcy of Company G. He was soon afterwards detailed as Acting Adjutant of the regiment. For general efficiency and gallantry at the battle of Gettysburg, he was promoted to the captaincy of Company G. In this capacity he served through all the campaign of 1864, was wounded at Bethesda Church, Virginia, and breveted Major for gallant and distinguished services at the battle of Peebles' FariTi, Virginia. In December, 1864, he was appointed Provost Marshal of First Division, Fifth Corps, and per- formed the duties of this office until May, 1865, when he was appointed by order of the War Department Com- missary of Musters of the same command, and mustered out of service the larger part of the troops of that di- vision. In June, 1865, he was commissioned Lieutenant- Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment, and subsequently recommended for brevet colonelcy for gallant and distin- guished services at the battle of Five Forks, Virginia. He was mustered out of service with his regiment at the disbanding of the provisional corps, having risen from the ranks, served three years constantly at the front, in twenty-five battles and skirmishes, every engagement in which his regiment participated, aud having been twice breveted for gallant services. Captain Billings Brastow, of Brewer, enlisted into the United States service as Second Lieutenant, Com- pany I, Ninth Infantry, and was subsequently promoted 262 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. First Lieutenant, and then Captain of the same com- mand. When .his regiment was in General Gilmore's department, his name was often rendered conspicuous for valor, and especially for the gallantry of his com- mand in the charges and capture of battle-flags at Fort Wagner. While a Lieutenant, he was for a large part of the time Acting Adjutant and Captain; and whilst Cap- tain, Acting Colonel. He participated in every battle in which his regiment was engaged, excepting one— making, in all, nearly thirty actions. Captain Brastow was in command of the regiment at the taking of St. Mary's; and at Morris Island, with one hundred and twenty-five men, he attacked the Twenty first South Carolina Regi- ment, numbering about six hundred, driving them from their rifle-pits and taking some thirty prisoners and two stands of colors. At the battle of Deep Bottom his regiment was outflanked upon the right and left, but by a bold and rapid movement he pierced the enemy's lines, and in the midst of a most deadly fire carried his com- mand to our lines with the loss of thirty-nine men and all his officers then on duty who were either killed, wounded, or otherwise disabled. He also led the attack upon the enemy at the time that General Weitzel was in danger of losing his right, dislodging the enemy, and driving him more than a mile over almost impassable barriers. Captain Brastow never asked his men to go where he was not in readiness to lead them in person. After the fatal attack upon Battery Gilmore, the command of the regiment again devolved upon Captain Brastow, when, leading his men against- the enemy at the battle of Laurel Hill Church, September 29, 1864, he was instantly killed. The deceased was a noble young man; none braver ever drew a sword. The following notices are included in the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College, also published in the Adju- tant-General's reports. The figures prefixed name the classes to which the soldiers belonged : 1852. — Joshua L. Chamberlain; born, Brewer, Septem- ber, 1828; early education in Colonel Whiting's military school, Ellsworth: graduated Bangor Theological Semin- ary, 1855; Tutor Bowdoin College the same year; Pro- fessor of Rhetoric and Oratory, 1856; Professor of Modern Languages, i860. Leave of absence being granted, August, 1862, for the purpose of visiting Europe, he tendered his services to the Government; August 8th appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Twentieth Maine; partici- pated in battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chan- cellorsville; promoted Colonel, May, 1863; commanded our left flank on Little Round Top, Gettysburg; specially commended for handling his troops, and promoted to command the famous Light Brigade, Fifth Corps; in all the campaigns of the army of the Potomac from that time till the close of the war; severely wounded in front of Petersburg; promoted Brigadier-General on the field by General Grant "for gallant conduct in leading his brigade in a charge," June, 1864; President court-martial while recovering from wounds; opened Grant's last campaign by assault on the enemy's right flank at "Quaker Road," March, 1865, for brilliant success in which was breveted Major- General, and assigned to command a division; in battles of White Oak Road and Five Forks had two horses shot under him, and was twice wounded in the breast and arm ; had the advance in the last action, April 9, 1865, and was designated to receive the fortaal sur- render of Lee's army at Appomattox Court House; re- turned to his Professorship, September, 1865; Governor of Maine. 1857. — Louis O. Barstow; born, Brewer, November 1834; pursued a theological course at Bangor; was set- tled in the ministry at St. Johnsbury, Vermont; served as Chaplain of the Fourteenth Vermont. 1859. — John C. Chamberlain; born. Brewer, August, 1838; pursued a theological course at Bangor; commis- sioned Chaplain Eleventh Maine, but served on United States Christian Commission, and rendered important service at the battle of Gettysburg. Lieutenant-Colonel J. Sumner Rogers, late Principal of the Military Academy at Orchard Lake, Michigan, and many other soldiers of more or less distinction, were also from Brewer. They will be found mentioned in our Military Chapter. A full biographical sketch of Mr. Daniel Sargent, head of the influential Sargent family of this town, is given on another page. As there noted, he has had four children, viz: Susan P., Harlan P., Daniel A., and Albert P., all of whom now live in Brewer. Daniel A. married for his first wife Fannie F. Bragg, by whom he had four chil- dren, viz: Donald A., Robert P. (deceased), Fannie R, and Allston (twins). Mrs. Sargent died in 1874, and Mr. Sargent married for his second wife Helen F. Nick- erson, of Brewer, by whom he has one child — Qeorge G. In 1873 Mr. Sargent added the ice trade to his other business, so he now is engaged in the lumber and ice busi- ness, while the old gentleman looks after the affairs of the grocery. S. H. Smith, of the firm of Smith, Woodbury & Co., is the son of Daniel and Elizabeth Smith, from the west- ern part of this State. They had three children, two boys and one girl, of whom Mr. Smith is the only one living. Daniel Smith had also four children by a previ- ous wife. J. H. Smith was born March 19, 1834, in Piscataquis county, Maine. He came to Brewer when seventeen years old, where he has ever since lived. He worked at the joiner's trade until 1862, then went into the army. After the war he went into the mill in Brewer. He married Miss Emeline Hatch, of Nobleboro, in 1856. By her he had two children, viz: Lizzie May, and Carrie E., who died in 1881. Mrs. Smith died in i860, and Mr. Smith married for his second wife Lydia H. Genthner, of Parkman. They have one child— Lena A. The planing-mill was first started here by Wasjiing- ton Hall, in 1851, by whom it was run until 1872, when he sold out entirely. Mr. Smith bought an interest in this mill in 1865, and has bought further interests from time to time since, adding other kinds of manufacturing. Mr. James bought an interest in 1873, and they added the manufacture of brush-woods, broom and duster handles. Mr. James subsequently bought out that part of the busi- ness and still runs it himself. In 1878 they added t^^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 263 manufacture of boxes, which they now turn out in large quantities. They run three board-planers, one clapboard- planer, and one knee-planer. They also keep lumber for sale, both long and short. Among the leading manufactures of Brewer is that of brushwoods of all kinds, as carried on by J. H. James. Mr. James is the son of John and Lucy James, of Athens, Somerset county. He is the fourth son of the family of five sons and one daughter — Betsey, William A., Lorenzo D., J. H., and Isaiah H. J. H. James was born June 9th, 1837. After finish- ing a common school education he engaged in the busi- ness he now follows in the city of Bangor. Mr. James married for his first .wife Ellen N. Nicholson, of Bangor. By this union there was one child — Ralph H. Mrs. James died January 26th, 1875, and Mr. James married for his second wife Mary E. Hodgdon, of Bangor, by whom he has two children — Lucy E. and John H. Mr. James began the manufacture of brush woods in 1874. He has largely increased his facilities until now he em- ploys eighteen men making millions of these blocks for all kinds of brushes, such as boot brushes, paint brushes, kalsomine brushes, etc., etc., which find sales all over the United States. He sends them to Europe also. One of the oldest lumbermen on the Penobscpt is Mr. W. H. Haling. His father, William, was a native of Nova Scotia. William and Ellen Maling had six chil- dren, five sons and one daughter — John Maling, now of Liverpool, Nova Scotia; Susan, now Mrs. Lothrop, of Cleraentsville, Nova Scotia; W. H.; James, killed in the civil war; Andrew, of Annapolis, Nova Scotia, and George, of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia. W. H. Maling was born May 7th, 1825. At the age of sixteen he went in- to the lumber business for himself In 1847 ^^ came to Lincoln, in this county. He has since lived in Medway, Winn, and Brewer, where he now resides. He settled in Brewer in 1862. He married Augusta White, daugh- ter of John and Mary White. They have seven children —George, Melvin, Jerome, John, Lillie A., Charles H., and Gussie. They have lost four children. Mr. Maling is a member of the Milford Land and Lumber Company. It was through his efforts the company was formed, and through him the purchase was made. He has probably explored and located as much timber-land as any other man on the Penobscot. The Milford Land and Lumber Company will this year cut up ten million feet of long lumber, ten million of short lumber, and seven million shingles, besides large quantities of lath, clapboards, pickets, etc., etc. Among the earliest settlers in the town of Brewer (then Orrington) was John Holyoke, who with his wife, a sister of Major Robert Treat, who settled in Bangor at the same time, and two children, moved from Boston, Massachusetts, about the year 1776. He took up two lots of land, each containing one hundred acres, one above, the other below where the Penobscot bridge now stands, each lot being forty rods on the river by four hundred back. It is pretty well known that Mr. Holyoke was one of the number concerned in the destruction of the tea in Boston harbor a few years before, although no such disclosure ever came from him, the whole party being pledged to secrecy ; yet the fact rests on such cor- roborative testimony as to leave no doubt of its truth. Mr. Holyoke at first built a log house on the hill on the upper lot, which certainly must have been very difficult of approach from the river, their only highway at the time. The reasons for this are not very apparent to us of this day, when we further consider that upon the abundance of fish which the waters of the river supplied they had to depend for part of their living and for fertiliz- ing their land. A new frame house was soon built on the flat on the lower lot, about twenty rods from the river, which has recently given place to another building. This place was one of large resort for the public generally, and here Mr. Holyoke raised a family of seven sons and three daughters. His oldest son, John, settled on the more northerly of the two lots taken by his father, and raised a family of eight sons and four daughters. Five of his family, viz., John, Charles, Caleb, Joseph, and Mary have remained, and are living in Brewer. They are all Republicans, and have shared fully in the political and financial responsibilities of the day. John, the oldest son of those living, was in 1863 elected to the Maine Legislature by the towns of Brewer and Orring- ton, and also in 1865 ; and was President of the Brewer Savings-bank for the term of fourteen years. Caleb was elected a member of our Legislature in 1869, and was a Director in the Traders' Bank of Bangor for twenty-six years. Dr. Thomas Holyoke, the eighth son, was elected a Representative to the Iowa Legislature, and served two years in succession, and also was President of a National bank in the city of Grinnell. An eventful life is that of Captain F. G. Arey, of Brewer. He is the son of Joseph and Thankful Arey, of Bucksport, Maine. He was born July 26, 1822. His father was lost at sea before his birth, and his mother was left with three children and very small means, F. G., the subject of this sketch, being the youngest. He went to sea early in life and followed it in all capacities till he was thirty-five years of age, up to master and owner. In 1855 he came to Brewer and bought the brick store where he traded about eighteen or twenty years. He now deals in real estate, wild lands, and lum- ber lands, also buys and sells wood and bark, and, in fact, almost anything that will sell. He owns several sailing vessels, a wharf, etc. He first married Julia V. Hoben, by whom he had one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Arey died in 1844, and Mr. Arey again married Nancy B. Farrington in 1846; was again left a widower in i860, and married for his third wife, with whom he is now living, Carolina A. Doane. By his second wife he has four daughters. By liis present wife he has four children also, three girls and one boy. Though left to make his own way in the world he has, by his indomit- able pluck and perseverance, united to good business ability, become one of the wealthy men of the town. Jacob L. Barker is the son of Cyrus and Rachel Barker, of Lewiston. Cyrus Barker had ten children, viz: Sally, David, Mary, Cyrus, jr., Lydia, J. L., Nelson P., of Monmouth, Cassan Dana, now Mrs. Howe, of 264 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Wisconsin, all of whom are deceased except the three last named. J. L. Barker was born September 15, 1805. He settled in Brewer in 1833, and has followed the busi- ness of house carpenter ever since. In 1833 he married Mary Holyoke, daughter of John and Miriam Holyoke, who were among the early settlers of Brewer. From this union there have been five children, viz: Elza H,, now Mrs. Shackley, of Brewer ; Annie M., now Mrs. Hol- brook, of Brewer: Henry L., of San Francisco, California; John N., of Brewer, and one who died in infancy. Mr. Barker has held the office of County Commissioner, Selectman, and minor officer several terms, and is spoken of as one of the substantial citizens of the town. Among the oldest inhabitants of Brewer who were born here, is Mr. Brazer Brastow. He is the son of Thomas Brastow, of Wrentham, Massachusetts, who came here among the earliest settlers of this town. Brazer Brastow is the youngest son of Thomas Brastow, who had five children, three sons and two daughters. He married Maria Sampson, of Kingston, Massachusetts. They have had eight children, five sons and three daugh- ters, viz : Thomas E., of Rockport, Maine; James B., of Worcester, Massachusetts ; Marie E., now Mrs. Hodges, of Orrington; Lucy P., now Mrs. Sleeper, of Sherman, Maine ; Fred H., of Brewer ; William H., now deceased; George C, of Brewer; Julia T., now at home. Mr. Brastow first setded in Brewer, where he has lived most of the time, until within six years, since which he has lived in Orrington. He owns a fine farm of about 130 acres. He has been engaged in lumber and milling business most of his life. Mr. G. C. Brastow is the fifth son of Brazer Brastow, a sketch of whose life may be found in the paragraph above. He was born January 31, 1850. He settled on the place where he now lives in 1877. He has always followed the business of milling (flour). In 1877 he married Miss Gertrude B. Pierce, daughter of Nathaniel and Sarah Pierce, of this town. They have one child, Frankie C. Mr. Brastow's mill is situated in Orrington, and has a capacity of thirty thousand bushels a year. He does principally a custom work, though some mer- chant milling is done in this mill. William P. Burr, the present postmaster of Brewer is a grandson of Joseph Burr, who came to Brewer from Massachusetts. Joseph and Charles Burr were the first setders in Brewer, at least Mr. William P. Burr so thinks. Joseph Burr married Sally P. Gould. They had eleven children — Joseph B., Jonathan, Sally R., William P., Ann Eliza G., Mary Eleanor, Hiram, Martha, Martha B., Harriet N., and Benjamin A. Jonathan Burr, the second son of this family, married Sophia Wiswell, of Holden, Maine. They had six children, viz: George W., of San Francisco, California; Mary S., deceased; Charles Jackson, of Brewer; William P.; Francis O. J., deceased; and Martha Ann, now Mrs. L. D. Parker, of Brewer. Mr. Burr was a prominent man, and for many years held prominent political positions. He was a member of the Legislature several terms. He died August 6, 1845; Mrs. Burr died May 22, 1871. William P. was born September 10, 1833. His father being a business man in Brewer, William received such an edu- cation as the pnblic school afforded until about seven- teen, when he entered a printing office and learned the printer's trade. There he spent some five years, when he went to Machias, and remained two years as journey- man printer. From Machias he went to Ellsworth, and, after working two years, he purchased a half interest in thfe' Ellsworth American, a Republican newspaper, N. K, Sawyer owning the other half. Here Mr. B. lived until 1865, when he sold out to Mr. Sawyer, and moved to Brewer, where he has since lived. On coming to Brewer, he engaged in grocery business, and continued in that about five years. About 1869 he was elected Town Treasurer and Town Clerk, which offices he held for nine years. In 1879 he was appointed postmaster, which office he still holds. He married Alice A. Long- fellow, of Machias, who died June 9, 1876. Mr. Burr married, for his second wife, Emma A. Washburn, of Brewer. He has no children, but lost two in infancy, one by each wife. During the winter of 1878-79 he was a member of the Greenback Legislature, being the only Republican except one from this district. Orlando Moore is son of Seth W. Moore, of Holden. He was born April 2, 1840, and lived in Holden until twenty-one years of age, since which he has always lived in Brewer. He has been the toll gatherer since 1866. He spent three years in the army and navy after leaving home. He married Carrie M. Skinner, daughter of John K. Skinner, of Brewer. Mrs. Moore died in May, r875. ^^- Moore married for his second, wife Miss T. A. Merrill, daughter of Joseph Merrill, of Bangor. By his first wife he had one daughter, Alice, now deceased. By his second wife he has two sons, viz: Orlando M., and Frankie IT. Mr. Moore is now serving as Consta- ble, Town Treasurer, and Collector, also surveyor of wood and bark. He has held the office of Constable nine years, also surveyor of wood and bark same length of time. The subject of this sketch, Mr. George W. Patten, was born November 2, 1843. He is the only son of Willis and Hannah Patten, of Brewer. After receiving a common and high school education he entered into surveying lumber. He continued in that business until 1876, when he removed to Quincy, Massachusetts, and worked in a lumber yard until 1877, when he came back to Bangor and opened the grocery and provision store which he now occupies, at 41 and 43 Washington street, near the toll house. He seems at this time to be doing a lively business. He holds the office of Selectman of Brewer, which he has held for five years. Francis F. Sparks was born m the town of Orland, Maine, August 20, 1820. He was captain of a vessel, and died at sea, February 13, 1853. His wife was Sarah L. Dorr, who was born in the town of Penobscot, April 16, 1822, and died in Brewer in 1872, aged fifty years. They raised a family of four children: Emma F., mar- ried to Daniel S. Knight; Sarah F., wife of J. B. May- berry, and has one child, a son; Francis E., married Laura J. Rose, and has two sons. Henry T. Sparks, the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 265 subject of this sketch, and the fourth child of Francis F. and Sarah L. Sparks, was born in Orland, Maine, October 26, 1851. He is by trade a tin plate worker and stove dealer, which business he follows in Brewer, under the firm name of Kellen & Sparks. The 30th day of May, 1874, he was married to Ella J. Hall, of Brewer, by whom he has two children — Lottie E. and Sadie A.- — both of whom reside at home. The father of Mrs. Sparks, who is yet living, is Francis Hall. Her mother, now deceased, was Olive Hutrhins. Luther S. Pierce was born in the town of Moscow, Maine, August 25, 1820, where he lived forty-seven years, when he removed to Brewer, in the same State, where he still follows the occupation of farming. For a wife he chose Nancy T. Greenwood, who was also born at Mos- cow, August 2, 1824. They were married June 15, 1848. Their children were: Cyrus A.; Amos, born May 26, 1850, died in infancy; Lavinia E., born November 21, 185 1, married S. D. Copeland, and has one daughter, named Dora; Dora E., born February 24, 1853, married I. E. Dole, and has two children, Edith, and an infant not yet named; Lucinda B., born February 8, 1855, died in August, 1857; Clara J., born January 27, 1857; Rosa L., born October 8, 1858; Melvin L., born Janu- ary 20, 1861, resides at home; Cora M., born April 19, 1863; Randall S., born April 23, 1866; Lyman G., born in Brewer, Decem'ber 26, 1869. The five last mentioned reside at home. The subject of this sketch, Cyrus A. ■Pierce, was born in Moscow, Maine, April 16, 1849, where he now lives and follows the business of house- carpenter. He was married August 20, 1877, to Maria L. Burleigh, by whom he has two children — Clarence B., born June 25, 1879, and Nina, born March 25, 1881. The father of Mrs. Pierce was Joshua P. Burleigh, who is yet living, and her mother, Betsey Silsby Burleigh, now deceased. George Leach, father of William J. Leach, was born in the town of Penobscot, Maine, in the year 1806. He lived in the town of his nativity forty-one years, when he removed to Brewer, in the same State, where he died in 1874. His occupation through life was that of a farmer and ship-carpenter. In 1823 he married Betsey P. Dorr, who was born in the town of Penobscot, Maine, in 1804. She died in Brewer in 1875, aged seventy-one years. They raised a family of nine children: Bryant E. married Sarah J. Mann, and died in 1864, leaving no children. Abby D. married Charles N. Sawyer, and has seven chil- dren. Mary C. married Daniel P. Colson, and died in 1862, leaving one child. Samuel F. married Ellen M. Leach, and died in 1879, leaving one child. Silas D. married Sarah J. Sargent, and has four children. Joan. M. married Albert F. Gerry, and has five children. Har- riet B. married Charles A. Greene, and has two children. Acelia S. married Charles C. Dorons, and has one child. Caroline H. married Elbridge C. Patten, and has two children. Henry J. Leach, the subject of this sketch, and the sixth child, was born in the town of Penobscot, Maine, the 23d day of July, 1834. His business has been boat building.' On the 21st day of January, 1866, he married Ada J. Ray, and had two children, Vallie 34 F. and Ernest E. Vallie F. was accidentally killed by a runaway horse May 30, 1879. Ernest E. died from dis- ease the 7th day of January, 1879. The father of Mrs. Leach was William N. Ray, who is yet living. Her mother was Emily P. Chick Ray, who died in 1874. William E. Southard was a native of Bloomfield, Ken- nebec county, Maine, where he was born in 1809. When a young man he moved to the town of St. Albans, Som- erset county, where he passed the remainder of his life, and died in 1878, aged sixty-nine years and six months. He was by occupation a farmer and carpenter. His wife was Julia A. Avery, born in the town of Harmony, Som- erset county, Maine, about the year 1816, to whom he was married in 1843. ^^rs- Southard is living, aged sixty-five years, in the town of St. Albans. Their chil- dren were Charles A.; Daniel H. married Frances Leach and has five children. Warren A. married Roxie Rogers and has two children. Calvin B. married Lizzie Marble and has two children. Leander P. married Hattie Pack- ard, and has no children. Charles A., the eldest child, was born in the town of St. Albans (now Hartland), the 2d day of February, 1844. He was married November 8, 1864, to Miss Abby V. Goodwin. Her father is Hiram Harris, and her mother was Sarah Vinning, both of whom are now living. Ithamer Kenney was born in the town of Eddington, Maine, September 19, 1813, and died at the town of Holden, Maine, March 30, 1875, aged sixty-one years and six months. He was a farmer and merchant. His wife was Mary W. Orcutt, who was born in Eddington, January 29, 1826. They were married in Brewer in the year 1842, and had a family of eleven children: Char- lotte E., born, December 18, 1842; married George B. Churchill, of Holden, December 22, 1861, by whom she had one child, Willie E. (deceased); she died, January 18, 1864. Angeline M., born, June 19, 1844; died, March 2, 1857. Mary J., born, Jufie 10, 1845; married Ephraim A. Gorden, of Winterport, May 6, 1868, and has six children — Annie F., Lottie M., Flora A., Charles v., Marion F., and Oscar T. Fidelia M., born, June 17, 1847; married Charles C. Tuck, of Bangor, May 20, 1874. Charles I. was born, August 4, 1848, and died the 9th of the same month. William E. was born, March 4, 1851; married Katie A. Orcutt, June 20, 1875, and has one child, Alzona M., born, February r, 1877. George F. was born, May 30, 1853, and died, September 12, 1854. Fred I. was born, December 23, 1855; mar- ried, December 8, 1875, to Agnes F. Ernery, and has two children — Calvin A., born, January 27, 1877, and Sarah M., born, January 2, 1879. Addie E. was born, July 18, 1857, and died, December 5, 1857. Albert A. Kenney, the fifth child of Ithamer Kenney, was born in Holden, September 14, 1849. His business is that of house carpenter, at present in Brewer, under the firm name of Kenney & Pierce. George W. Washburn was not a native of Maine, his birthplace being Boston, Massachusetts, where he was born, March 5, 1806. From there he went to Bridge- port, in the same State, where he remained until a young man, when he moved to Hebron, Maine, then to Ken- . 266 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. duskeag, and finally settled in Brewer in 1836, where he died in 1875, aged sixty-nine years and nine months. His wife was Sally Ladd, who was' born in the town of Levant, Maine, July 4, 1812. Their marriage took place December 15, 1833. They had seven children: Cyrus A., born in Levant in 1835. He afterwards went with his parents to Brewer, where he now resides, aged forty- six years. His business is sash, blind, and door manu- facturing. The other children were: Elsie Ann, married to Josephus L. Freeman, and has two children; Horace B., married Etta Edmonds, and has four children; Ade- line M., married Allen Crocker, and has one child; Es- telle, died when quite young; Emma A., married W. P. Burr; George A., resides at home, unmarried. The parents of Mrs. Washburn were among the first settlers in Bangor town. Joseph Oakes was born in the town of Hancock, Han- cock county, Maine, in the year 1815, where he lived about twenty years, when he came to Brewer. Since that time he has lived in Searsport and Bangor a few years, but returning from each place to Brewer, where he died July 22, 1881, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. By occupation he was a mastership-builder. His wife was Margaret H. Hodgdon, who was born in the town of Nobleboro, June 12, 1815. They were married Decem- ber 5, 1838, and had a family of four children: George H.; Joseph D., married Abby S. Atwood, and has one child, a son, four years of age. Sophia resides at home, unmarried. Clara A. died young. George H. Oakes, the eldest son, was born in Brewer in 1839. He follows the sea for a business, and is a ship captain. He was married to Mary A. Jordan, and has four children — Wil- liam W., Maggie, Harry D., and Charles D. His wife's father was Wallace Jordan, who is now deceased. Her mother was Mrs. Delia (Wiley) Jordan, who is yet liv- ing. Enoch Brown wa§ born in the town of Abington, Massachusetts, in the year 1781, and died in Bangor in 1838, aged fifty-seven years. He was by profession a lawyer. His wife was Malinda Padelford, born in Taun- ton, Massachusetts, and died in Hampden, Maine, at the age of fifty-two years. Their children were: Enoch L., died in the year 1881, aged seventy-six years. Malinda P. died when about twenty-eight years of age. Augustus J. died about 1877, aged fifty-two years, was by profes- sion a lawyer. Rebecca D. died when nineteen years of age. Mary K. married Cyrus Emery, and had four children, all of whom, with the mother, are deceased. Sarah Ann died when ten or eleven years of age. Henry P. died aged about nineteen. Elizabeth D. married Cyrus Emery, and has three sons, all living, as follows: Isaiah S., Augustus J., and Cyrus. Samuel W. Brown married Miss Kettle, and has one son living and three deceased. James S. died about three years since; was a prominent lawyer. John Emery was born in Hampden, Maine, where he lived and died. He raised a family consisting of: John, who was drowned at sea; Benjamin (deceased); William (deceased); Daniel (deceased); Cyrus (deceased); Sarah married Mr. Seaman, and is deceased; another sister married Mr. Pomeroy, and is also dead. Cyrus is the only member of the family now living. The father of Hugh O'Brien was born in Ireland in the year 1822. When about twenty-three years of age he emigrated to America and settled in Bangor, Maine, where he lived nine years, after which he removed to Brewer, where he died in 1870," aged forty-eight years, Before leaving Ireland, in 1845, he was married to Mary Dougherty. Hugh O'Brien was born in Ireland, and when an infant was brought by his parents to this coun- try, where Mr. O'Brien, sr., has since been engaged in the manufacture of brick. Their other children were; Martin, who resides at home, unmarried; Thomas,' liv- ing in Leadville, unmarried; Patrick, also living in Lead-' ville, unmarried; Katie, resides in Boston, unmarried; Agnes and Nellie, both at home. Hugh O'Brien was married to Katie Hines, daughter of George Hines, of Bangor. He is engaged in brick manufacture. Alpheus Robinson was born in the town of Liming- ton, Maine, and when quite young moved to Brewer. He v.as a farmer and seafaring man, and died at Charles- ton, South Carolina. His wife was Lydia Tibbetts, who was born in the town of Brewer, where she died about 187 1, aged about eighty years. William, the eldest child, was born in Brewer and is now sixty-seven years of age. His life occupation has been farming. He was married to Caroline Hammond, and has no children. The other members of Alpheus Robinson's family were; Mary, married to Harrison Bates, and has three children; Sarah, died single, about twenty-five years ago; Alpheus, married Hattie Durham, and has three children. Wil- liam Robinson is a Democrat in his political faith.. He occupies a fine residence about one-half mile from the ferry village. , Z. C. Palmer, born in Nobleboro, March- 22, 1843, was the fifth child of E. R. Palmer. His father was born in Nobleboro, Lincoln county, Maine, in 1805, and in 1859 moved to Aroostook county. After remaining there one year, he moved to Brewer, where he lived until his death in 1868. His business all his life, was that of a house and ship ciirpenter. He married Sarah Dunbar, who was born in 1809 in Nobleboro. She still survives her husband at the age of seventy-eight years, and lives in Brewer. Mr. Z. C. Palmer, in 1871, married Char- lotte A. Ware, daughter of James M. Ware, deceased, and has three children: Nellie G., Gertrude A,, and Artell E., all residing at their father's home, one and a half miles from ferry village. Mr. Palmer's brothers and sisters are as follows: H. H. (deceased), married Mary Jane Maddocks, and had two children, neither of whom is living; Emeline A., married J. Lishman Clark, and has seven children living and one dead; B, A., married J. W. Chatman, and has two children; Orlando A., married Sarah Dermutt; Sarah Jane is the wife of David Tarr; B. W., married Etta M. Jordan, and has had two children, one of whom is still living; S. K., married Eva Tibbets, and has two children. Daniel Robinson was born in Saco, Maine, April 4i r772, and came to the Penobscot in about the yea' 1794. In 1805 he was married to Mary Kenney, daug"' HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 267 ter of Henry and Mary Kenney. Henna Kenney was born in Berwick, January 14, 1745, and married Mary Book, of Marshfield. To' them were born two children, John T., and Mary. The children of Daniel Robinson were: Almira C, Henry K., Susan, Elizabeth, Mary, Mary (second), Daniel Jr., Joseph, Isaac, Charles I., and an infant, which died unnamed. Of the above Henry K. is the only one now living. He was the second chiid, and was born in Orrington (now Brewer) October 14, 1807, and married Adaline E. Trafton, who bore one son, John H., and died. For a second wife he married Sarah G. Libbey, and has two daughters, Addie E. and Mary Abby, and one son, James W. The latter died from poison, taken by mistake. His second wife died and he married Ellen F. McClintock, of Canada, and has had three children; Sarah E., Susan W. (deceased), and Henry W. Henry K. Robinson was postmaster in the year 1845; ^^^ president of an agricultural society four years, also captain of a cavalry company two or three years. He is a member of the Hammond street church at Bangor; in politics is a Democrat. Peter Littlefield was born in Prospect, Waldo county, Maine, in 1799, where he lived until his death in 1874, engaged in farming. He married Charlotte Holbrook, who was born in 1799, in Stratford, New Hampshire. .She died in i865. Their children were : Loisa S., who is the wife of William C. Perkins, has five children, one deceased; Goodwin, who died at the age of twenty-three, unmarried ; A. D., who married Elizabeth W. Stuart, and has two children living ; Mary E., residing in Mass- achusetts ; James H., who married Clara Gunn, lives at the old homestead ; Martha J., who died at the age of thirty-seven years. John Littlefield, the second child of Peter Littlefield, was born August 20, 1825, and devoted his life to ship-carpentering. He is now a dealer in ship timber. In 1850 he married Lizzie Hitchborn, by whom he had one child. Freeman H., who was lost at sea at the age of twenty years. For his second wife he married Julia A. Potter, daughter of Joseph Potter, deceased, who was born in Jackson in 1839, and has had two children : John Elmer, and Freeman. Mr. Littlefield has not taken the time from his business to hold office of any kind. He is an out-and-out Republican, and has a good residence in the village of Brewer. Cornelius Dougherty was born in Ireland in 1795. He came with his wife to America in 1848, and lived in this county until his death in 1858, engaged in farming. His wife's name was Bridget MgCormack. She was born in 1790, and died in 1855. Their children are : Patrick, born in Ireland, settled in this county, and mar- ried Mary Galaher, by whom he had five children; both himself and his wife are dead. Margaret married a Mr. Galaher, and died leaving two children. Frank married Ann Judge, and has six children. Hugh came to this country with the rest of the family, but his where- abouts and history are now not known. Agnes, wife of Thomas McGuire, died leaving no children. John Dougherty was married in this county to Alice McAvoy, August s, 1855, and has three children: Hugh J., -Rose Anna, and William T., all living at home. Mr. Dougherty lives on an improved farm of one hundred and fifty acres, furnished with good buildings. He is a Democrat, but has held no political offices. He is a member of the Catholic church, under Father Mc- Svveeny. The father of Frank S. Gratien, Pierre Salaberry, was born in France, in 1795, where he died in 1855. His business was blacksmithing. His wife, Jeanette Elicade, was born in France, and died in 1866. Frank S. Gratien was born in France in 1827, and when about twenty-two years of age emigrated to America and settled at St. Peters, Newfoundland, where he remained a short time. He then lived in different places until 1855, when he settled in the place where he now resides. He is by oc- cupation a blacksmith, stonemason, and brick manu- facturer. He was married in 1869 to Mary E. Trask, 01 Nobleboro, and has two children: Nettie A., and Effie L., both of whom reside at home. By a previous mar- riage his wife had four children. Mr. Gratien served in the army three years and seven months. Meldon Nealy was born in the town of Ellsworth, March 26, 1849. His early life was passed in Ellsworth, Eddington, Brewer, and Bangor, and he finally settled permanently at Brewer, where he is engaged in farming and as a lumberman. He was married May 13, 1868, to Rachel D. Dresser, and has two children : Charles A., and Carrie G. The father of Mrs. Nealy was Samuel P. Dresser; her mother Elcy C. Ward, before marriage. Mr. Dresser died some twenty years since. Isaac Green was born in Madison, Somerset county, Maine, and now lives in Fairfield, Maine, at the age of seventy-eight years. He has devoted his life to farming and blacksmithing. He married Carissa Lovell, who died about twelve years ago, aged about fifty-five years. Their family consisted of the following children: Wil- liam and David, deceased; Isaac, married Lucy Whit- man, of Skowhegan, who died leaving him with four children — William, Lucy, Augusta, and Isaiah; Hannah married Oliver Noble, and at her death left six children; Alvin married Augusta Knox and has four children; David, now dead, married a Miss Wyman and had one child; Henry married Miss Knox, and has four children; Almira married Mr. Lawrence, and has one child. Charles A. Green was born in Madison, Maine, Septem- ber 24, 1826. After living ten years in Madison, four years in Skowhegan and ten years in Bangor, he re- moved to Brewer, where he now resides. His life has been spent in lumbering, brick-making and farming. He married, November 10, 1849, Rebecca M. Gorham, who died leaving one son now living in Oregon. For his second wife he married Harriet B. Leach, April 17, 1857, and has by this union two children — Rebecca T., aged twenty-one years, and Walter, aged fourteen years. Mr. Green has been a constable in Brewer for fourteen years, Stieet Commissioner five years, and for five years was captain of a cavalry company in Bangor. He has a fine residence at Brewer. Francis Burton Hunter was born in Haddington, Scot- land, in 1784. When about seven years of age, he went to Hull, England, where he served an apprenticeship as HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. sail-maker. He then went to sea as sail-maker in the whale fishery, where he remained about six years. On his return he opened a hotel at Hull, and aferwards had one in London, and still later at Wapping. He died at the Sail-makers' Almshouse, Bow Road, Middlesex, London, England, aged eighty-four years. Walter Francis Hunter was born in Hull, England, m a public house called the George and Dragon, South End. On the 4th of July, 1818, he went to London, and when ten years of age went to sea, where he served seven years in the coal trade, and then sailed around the world. He settled in Brewer in 1853. In 1842 he was married to Caroline E. Boggis, who died the 19th of ■May, 1866, leaving one child. Mr. Hunter was again married in 1866 to Sarah Lowe, of Guilford, Maine, but ■has no children by this union. His son, by the first wife, is Walter John Boggis Hunter, who has three chil- dren: Caroline, John B.', and Ella A. Three died in infancy. Mr. Hunter, Sr., is by trade a ship rigger, and has a rigging loft and dwelling-house on Main street, op- posite the cemetery, in Brewer. This property he has accumulated in fifteen years by leaving off rum and to- bacco. His first wife was born in Brumly-near-Bow, Middlesex county, England. Mr. Hunter has been a shipmaster of some of the largest vessels that sailed in those days from England. John Conner was born in Portsmouth, New Hamp- shire, where he lived until about twenty-four years of age, when he removed to Penobscot, Maine, where he died in 1824, aged forty-six years. He was by trade a master carpenter. His wife was Deborah Westcott, born in Castine, Maine, where she lived until her marriage. They lived some twenty years at Penobscot, and then removed to Surry, where she died at the age of seventy- two years. Francis A. was the seventh child, and was born March 25, 1818, in Penobscot. When twelve years of age he went to sea, which he followed until twenty-three years of age. He then located in Surry, and from thence went to Ellsworth, and finally settled in Brewer, where he now resides. He has been a practic- ing physician for the past fifteen years. He was married •to Miss A. T. Young, in 1845, and by this union has eight children: Frances D., Joseph A. (deceased), An- netta (deceased), John (deceased), N. H., one that died in infancy, Estelle (deceased), and Louis W. (deceased). Dr. Conner also has a store containing a good assort- ment of drugs. The names of his brothers and sisters are: John (deceased); Rhoda, married Mark Patten, and died, leaving seven children ; Lydia, married Amos Arnold, and died leaving five children; Charles, married Mary Blaisdel, and died leaving two children; Sylvanus, married Abigail Pattriger, and left three children; Louis W. married Mary Higgins, of Hampden, and has one daughter; Harriet N. married Andrew Haskell, and has three children; Nancy J. married Samuel Peck, and died leaving three children; Jeremiah married Annie French, and left five children. Oliver Farrington was born in the town of Orrington, and came to Brewer, now Holden, where he lived about twenty-five years, when he moved to the present town of Brewer, where he passed the remainder of his days, and died September 19, 1863, aged sixty-six years. He fol- lowed farming through Ufe. His wife was Hannah Ryder, who was born in Orrington, near Brewer, March 31, 1804. They were married November 11, 1822, and now reside at the homestead. Henry Martyn Farrington, the oldest child, was born at Brewer, January 12, 1824. His business is farming and brickmaking. He was married April 18, 1861, to Deborah Baker, who died December 6, 1865, leaving two children, Jennie L and Henry B. Mrs. Farrington was again married Sep- tember 29, i86g, to Susan D. Colburn. He is a church member, and in politics a Repubhcan. The other chil- dren of Oliver Farrington were : Joseph Ryder, who married Ellen E. Holyoke, by whom he had six children; he is is now Superintendent of the State Reform School, Sarah E. married Rev. George A. Perkins, and has three children. Lucy lives in Salem, New Hampshire. Clarissa lives at home, unmarried. Charles O. married Sarah B. Chamberlain, of Brewer, and has had five children, two now living. Edward P. married Georgiana Hall. George S. married Laura Jackson ; has had two children, one of whom is now living. Caroline A. married Myron W. Jones, of Denver, Colorado, and has no children. V The father of Rev. Clarence A. Beckwith was born in Charlemont, Franklin county, Massachusetts, in 1823. After living there twenty-nine years he moved to Victor, Clinton county, Michigan, where he now resides, a farmer and manufacturer. He married Sarah Upton, who was born in his native town in r82i. They have three chil- dren, viz : Flora A., who married J. Emmet Jameison, has two children, and lives at Muskegon, Michigan-; Osmond L., who married Miss AUie Green, and lives at Victor, Michigan; Clarence A., the second child, was born July 21, 1849, ^"d at the age of twelve moved to the West with his parents. He spent two years at the seminary in New Haven, and one year at the seminary in Bangor, then became pastor of the Congregational Church at Brewer, where he has since remained. He married V. Eugenie Lober, daughter of Frederick and Julia (Sider) Lober, September 25, 1878. Mr. Beck- with IS a graduate of Olivet College, Olivet, Michigan, and has held his present pastorate four years. Charles V. Lancil was born in Bordeaux, France, and emigrating to America, settled in Truro, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where he married Ruth Paine, by whom he had eight children. After living at various places he died at Bangor at the age of fifty-two years, and his wife died at the same place at same age. Their children were as follows : Thomas, died some ten years ago; Mary, died twenty-five years ago; Betsey, resides at the old home in Bangor; Asa T., lives at Dorchester, Massachu- setts, and is a cooper ; Captain James P., is a ship- master at Bangor; Ephraim P., is a cistern manufacturer at .Bangor ; George W. died thirty years ago. Captain Charles V. Lancil, the fourth child, was born in Chatham, Massachusetts, September 16, 1808, and settled in Ban- gor, where he now resides, at the age of seventy-three years. His business is that of a sea captain. He mar- ried Louisa Hartford about 1836, and has had five cnil- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 26f. dren; Amanda, died at the age of two years; Albert; lived to be three years, and Franklin, six months of age: Nellie, is the wife of Warren Pierce; Mary, married James L. Grant, and has three children — Alice, Annie, and Charles. Captain Lancil has a good residence on Main street. Brewer. BURLINGTON. Burlington is a large but as yet sparsely settled town, lying twenty-five miles from Bangor at their nearest points of approach. It is west and northwest of the northwest corner of Hancock county, and only twelve miles distant in its southern part from Washington county. It is a regular parallelogram, all its boundaries being straight lines. It has only the regulation town- ship width, six miles, and is a township and a half, or nine miles, in length. It thus comprises an area of one and a half surveyed townships, fifty-four square miles, or 34,560 acres, many of which, however, are covered with water. The town is in the oldest survey of the middle section of the county, and its lines are not run precisely with the cardinal points of the compass. It is bounded on the north by the still larger town of Lincoln, on the east by township three and a strip of Hancock county, on the south by No. 2;' Grand Falls Plantation, and on the west by Lowell, which is in its eastern part of the same length as Burlington. Upon the south line of the town lies the Suponic Pond; upon the west line Eskutassis Pond; and upon the northern part of the east line, near the northeast corner of the town, the Madagascal Pond, most of which is within the limits of Burlington. Suponic Pond has an area of about a square mile; Eskutassis something more; and Madagascal something less. About a mile and a quarter north of east from the second of these is Little Eskutassis Pond, about a "quarter-section" in size, with a small stream connecting it with its bigger sister, and another "run" of two miles' length coming in from the northwest corner of the town. Through the southern part of Suponic comes the Passadumkeag Stream, here a quite respectable body of water, which flows for a little more than a mile through the southwest angle of Burlington and thence through Lowell and ♦Passadumkeag, by an exceedingly winding course, to the Penobscot. The north part of Suponic Pond receives a small tributary from the central southern part of the town. From the Madagascal Pond to the Passadum- keag flows the Madagascal Stream in a general north and south direction, making a course of nearly ten miles be- tween the two. At the exact geographical centre of the town it receives a small branch from the northwest. The southwestern quarter of Burlington is remarkably well settled for a town so far in the interior. Burlington village and post-office are in this region, near the cross- roads half a mile from the west town line, and a little more than two miles from the south line. They are at the terminus of the stage line from Burlington to de- mon, on the European & North American Railway, which supplies the town with its only public facilities of travel at present. The bulk of the population of the town lies within a distance of two miles each way, north and south, from these cross-roads. Upon the roads, within a mile and a half of this point, are the two ceme- teries of the town and three school-houses, and at the village itself is a union church. The north and south road here is the principal one, and the only one that goes entirely through the town in any direction. It begins at the Passadumkeag Stream, half a mile from the South- west corner of Burlington, runs nearly due north to the village, and thence northeasterly to a point a mile and a half from the northeast corner, where it leaves the town for "Lincoln. It thus describes nearly a diagonal of the town. Half a mile southeast of the Little Eskutassis Pond a road branches off to the northwestward, and joins the principal north and south road through the eastern part of Lowell. Near the junction of the roads in Burlington is another school, and two others no great way north of the junction of a road joining the road into Lowell by a northerly and northwesterly route with Lincoln post-ofSce, on the European & North Ameri- can. From the Passadumkeag Stream in the Allen- tract, two miles southeast of Suponic Pond, a highway of some importance comes up from the southeast, by the head of the pond, to . Burlington village, for a mile south of that village running nearly parallel to and within a short distance of the other road to the Passadumkeag. At the south end of the mile, upon three roads, is one of the cemeteries, and here a short road runs off into Lowell, joining the highway through Lowell village about half a mile west of the Eskutassis Stream. The same J 7° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE road in Lowell, running thence to Olemon Station, is reached more directly from Burlington post-office by a west road to East Lowell; and this is the stage route. The other roads of the town are mostly short "plug" road's from the great north and south highway, accommo- dating neighborhoods and isolated settlements. Burlington has no railway station, and but one post- office as yet, which accommodates the people j)f Grand Falls Plantation as well as its own. The first civilized settlers got upon the Burlington tract in 1824. Tristram Hurd is said to have been the pioneer, and from him the region received its first name, "Kurd's Ridge." It is asserted in a notice below, however, that Edmund Page came to Burlington in 182 1, and settled on Bingham land. Three or four years after him came his brother Caleb, and their cousin Mrs. Page. The venerable Deacon Philip Page, still living in a hale old age near Burlington, came with his father Caleb from Lowell in 1825, being a boy of sixteen. Another settler of the next year was Thomas Page, son of Philip and Hannah Chadbourne Page, then a man of about thirty years, bpt a veteran of eighty-seven when he ditd at last, June 25, 1878, in Burlington, its oldest citizen. Moses Peaslee came very near him, however, in both dates of arrival and of death. He was an emigrant of 1825, and de- parted this life January 2, 1878. Among the settlers of 1827 was Theodore Taylor, who became a colonel of the State militia in 1837, and survived until March 28, 1879, Within less than eight years after the first settler in- vaded the forest hereaway, the population of this tract had become sufficient to warrant their demand for in- corporation as a town. Under the name ot Burlington, it was consequently incorporated, March 8, 1832. At the next Federal census, that of 1840, the new town had 350 inhabitants. Ten years thereafter, the number had increased by 131, or to 481. In i860 there was manifest a further increase of 97, the whole of the people in Burlington being then 578. The population in 1870. was 553, and in 1880, 536. The town had 118 polls in i860; in 1870, 120; and in 1880, 128. The estates of the town were valued in these years, respectively, at $64,734, $91,507, and $89,041. The people of Burlington are chiefly engaged in lum- bering and farming. There is still a great deal of valu- able timber standing in this tract, and much of it goes down the Passadumkeag and other streams to the Penob- _ scot, to be worked up into lumber. Manufactures with- in the town are as yet limited to the work of three black- smiths and one engaged in woodwork and repairs. Four or five persons are engaged in keeping general stores in the town ; a hotel is kept by Jeremiah Page, and there is one resident physician. There is no resident clergyman, the Union (mainly Congregational) church being min- istered to by occasional supplies. The people of Burlington have more than ordinary in- telligence, and manifest considerable talent for organiza- tion. The ladies of the town have a "Burlington Be- nevolent Association," of which Mrs. Nancy Carey is President. A temperance "Reform Club" has also been formed, over which Mr. George Witham presides. The "Eskutassis Grange" of Patrons of Husbandry was lately in existence here; but does not seem now to be actively working. The town officers for the last year reported were: Thomas W. Porter, Andrew W. Page, Thomas Shorey, Selectmen; Simeon C. Page, Town Clerk; Jason L Pierce, Treasurer; Thomas Shorey, Joseph W. Brad- bury, C. Willis White, Constables; Joseph W. Bradbury, Collector ; Jason L. Pierce, Andrew W. Page, George M. Page, School Committee ; Colonel J. W. Porter, re- moved to Bangor, Jeremiah Page, Quorum; Thomas W. Porter, Trial, Justices. Thomas W. Porter is also Postmaster of Burlington. SETTLEMENT NOTES. Alpheus Hayden, father of John W. Hayden, was the oldest son of Richard Hayden, who was the third son of Richard Hayden, the common ancestor of the family in this State. The stock all sprang from Richard and Mary Hayden, who were born in Braintree, Massachusetts, and about 1735 moved into the town of Gray, before the Revolution; from there into the town of Madison in 1800, where they died in 1818 and 1828. They had the following sons and daughters: Elisha, Jonathan, Rich- ard, David, Clement, Jedediah, Enoch, and Daniel, There were two daughters in the family — Thankful (mar- ried to John Tenny) and Sally (married to David H.Davis), Elisha, the eldest son, married a Noble, and had the fol| lowing sons and daughters : Samuel, Nathan,and EHsha, Samuel died in New Brunswick, and Nathan and Elishp died in Ohio with their father. The girls were "Mm, Lucy, and Anna. Mary went to the Provinces and di?d there. Lucy married a Delano, and died in New Yofk. Anna married Thomas Elliot and died in Levapt. Jonathan, the second son, married Lydia Young. Their children were Jonathan, James, David, Edith, and Ly^ia. Jonathan married Nancy Thompson, and moved to Wis- consin. James married a Sawyer, and died in Illitjois. David married Larony Hayden, and died in Wisconsin. His wife married again to Isaac Cone. The two daugh- ters, Edith and Lydia, married brothers, Daniel and Rufus Elliot, and are all dead. Lydia married a second time, with Henry Moor, buried him and died in Cali- fornia. Richard, the third son, married Diana White, and the following were the names of their children: Alpheus, Henry, Elias, White, Richard, Hiram, Olive, Lucy, Larony, and Eleanor. Alpheus married Han- nah, daughter of Butler Lombard, and had the follow- ing sons and daughters: Lowell, John W., Lewis, Rachel, Jemima, and Nancy N. He moved into a planta- tion called Long Ridge, the twenty-ninth of March, 1821. It was then a wilderness, he being the first settler, some fifty miles from Bangor, in a a north- easterly direction. In 1837 the plantation was incor- porated into a town by the nairie of Huntressville, and afterwards changed to Lowell, in honor of Lowell Hayden, he being the first male child ever born in 'li^ place (July 16, 1821). He died July 26, 1845. Alpheus HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MA.INE. 271 Hayden took an active part in incorporating the town, and was one of its leading men for a long time. In 1852 he moved into Lincoln, and there died, aged ninety years and seven months. John W. married Eunice P. Brown April 8, 1852, and had the following sons and daughters: Silas E., Josiah W., Henry H., Frank, Ella L, Saville M., Anna F., and Ida M. He moved into Burlington in 1848, was Chairman of the Board of Selectmen in 1857-58-59, Treasurer and Collector in 1858 and 1859. His business is farming now and has long been. Lewis lives in Lincoln ; he married Elizabeth Strickland. Rachel married Joshua Doan, and lives in Wisconsin. Jemima married David Moor, and is dead. Nancy N. married Jonathan Darling, and lives in Lowell. Deacon Phihp Page, of Burlington, is a son of Caleb and Nancy (Crockett) Page, who came from New Hamp- shire and settled on that part of the Bingham Purchase now Lowell. He was born in Concord, New Hamp- shire, and Mrs. Page in Gorham, Maine. He, with a few others, built the first mill on the Passadumkeag River at Lowell. Mr. Page died January 17, 1852, and his wife soon after on April 14, 1854. Their surviving children are Mrs. Susan Chase, of Peabody, Massachu- setts; Samuel C.Page, of Burlington; Mrs. Caroline Hall, of Portland, Maine; Mrs. Mary Morrell, of Winter- port, Maine, and Henry H. Page, of New London, Wis- consin. Deacon Philip Page, -the subject of this sketch, was born June 25, 1809, in Conway, New Hampshire. In 1825, when sixteen years of age, he came to Burling- ton. In 1841 he married Miss Hannah Moody, of Brunswick, Maine. By her he had five children, viz: Albert C, of Burlington; Hannah C, deceased; Caleb A., of Massachusetts; Nancy, deceased, and Andrew W. now at home. Deacon Page has long been connected with the Congregational church here, and is now an honored officer in it. He has a fine place near the vil- lage, one of the prettiest in town. Among the earliest settlers in the town of Bur- lington were three Pages, two brothers, Caleb and Ed- mund, and a cousin of theirs, Thomas Page. For the history of one of these families, see preceding sketch of Philip Page. Jeremiah Page is a son of Thomas Page. He was born June 20, 181 2, in Conway, New Hamp- shire. He came to Burlington with his father m 1825. After becoming of age he engaged in farming and lum- ; bering, in which he continued until within a few years. About ten years since he engaged in trade at the Corners. He lived on a farm until 1864, when he moved to Bur- lington Corner, where he hasone of the finest places in town. Since he came here he has entertained the travel- ing public, there being no other hotel m town. Mr. Page has long been one of the promment men of the town, and held the office of chairman of the town board Jor many years. He has long been and is now a justice of the peace. Mr. Page married Margaret J. Clark, daughter of James and Sarah Clark. They have had twelve children, of whom nine are living, viz: Alonzo R., of Drew Plan^ tation; Thomas D., on the old homestead; Edward S., Anoka, Minnesota; Charles H., of Anoka; Simeon C, of Burlington; Fred. N, Utopia, Canada; George M., of Burlington; Lizzie E., and Marcia H., at home. They lost three in infancy. Mr. Norman Page, living in the town of Burlington, is a son of Thomas Page, who came here in 1825. His history may be seen in part in the sketch of Jeremiah Page. Norman Page was born February 19, 18 19, in Con- way, New Hampshire. He came to Burlington with his father when six years old. On becoming of age he bought of his father a part of the old homestead, where he has since resided. He has erected most of the good set of farm buildings now on the place, and has now one of the best farms in town. He married Miss Hannah Springer, daughter of John and Eliza Springer (nee Eliza Ford). They have five children, viz: Angle F., Leslie T., Agnes E., Earle S., and Grace A. • The representative of the Page family who first settled in this county was Mr. Edmund Page, who came to Bur- lington in 1 82 1, and settled on land at that time owned by a Mr. Bingham. He was born March 4, 1767, in Fryeburg, Maine. He married Miss Nancy Ingalls, who was born in 1767, anddied in 1845. The only surviving member of their family is Mr. Jonathan Page, now of Burlington. Mr. Page was deputy sheriff for forty years. He died February 24, 1849. Mr. Jonathan Page was born February 19, 1798. He married Miss Ruth East; man; they had eleven children, viz: Stilson E., deceased; Comfort E., deceased; Harriet J., Nancy I., Lydia B., deceased; Martha, Thomas P., Mary E., Randall H. Hannah, and Merena O. Mrs. Page has been a very successful doctress for thirty years, and is widely known as such. She lives near the village; and attends to her farm. Dr. S. W. Bragg, of Burlington, was born May 30, 1853. He is a son of J. M. Bragg, of Bradley. His grandfather, David Bragg, was a native of China, Maine, and one of the first settlers. Josiah M. Bragg married Eliza DeBec, of Clifton, Maine. They had four chil- dren, viz: S. W. Bragg; Francis V., now in Bradley; R. Ami, and Ceneth M., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Bragg are still living in Bradley. S. W. Bragg, the oldest son of this family, graduated at the Eastern Maine Confer- ence Seminary in 1876. He then entered the office of J. N. Norcross, M. D., of Oldtown, and studied there three years, when he entered the medical department of the State University of Vermont, from which he gradu- ated in 1879. The following September he came to Burlington and located where he is now practicing. Mr. David Moore, of Burlington, who came to this town in 1838, is a son of Henry Moore, of Windham, Maine. Henry Moore married Anna Varney, of Wind- ham. They lived in Windham and Otisfield. Mrs. Moore died in Windham, and Mr. Moore was killed, or so injured that he died from the effects of being thrown from a carriage by a runaway horse. They had eight children, namely: David; Jonathan, deceased; Alvin, now in Alton, Maine ; Comfort, deceased ; Parmelia, wife of George Libbey, of Gorham, Maine; Asenath, widow of the late Eben Haley, of Massachusetts ; Levi, of Burlington ; Edwin, in Michigan. 27-2 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. David Moore was born July 19, 18 12, in Windham. He lived in Windham and Otisfield until of age, and a few years afterwards came here to Penobscot county. He lived in Lowell six years, then Came to Burlington, where he now lives about one mile and a half from the village. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land. He married Jemima Hayden, of Lowell. They have seven children, viz : Benjamin, of Burlington ; Har- rison, of Michigan ; Sivilla, of Lincoln ; Blake, now of Minnesota ; Arietta, wife of Edward Page, of Michigan ; Anna F., and Bertha C. Mr. Moore has held various offices of trust in town, such as constable, surveyor of highways, etc. Mr. Benjamin F. Bowers, of Lincoln, was born in Lowell, Maine, September 16, 1825. He is a son of John and Phebe Bowers. They had eight children — Benjamin; Eliza, wife of David Lowe, of Lincoln; Orrin, now in Easton, Maine; Edwin, Burlington; Rebecca, de- ceased; Wethy, wife of Joseph Crowell, of Dexter; John W., deceased; Catharine, now Mrs. Turner, of Burling- ton. Mr. Bowers died Mays, 1867. Mrs. Bowers is still living in Burlington. Mr. Benjamin Bowers settled on the farm where he now lives in 1846, when twenty- one years of age. He felled the trees and cleared up the farm where he now lives. There were two or three other clearings in this part of the town. Mr. Bowers married for his first wife Marion Lowe, of Lincoln. To this couple were born two children — Frank and Free- land. Mrs. Bowers died March 28, 1867. Mr. Bowers married for his second wife Arvilla Buck, of Lincoln, with whom he is now living. She has three children — Helen, Marion, and Hattie. Mr. Bowers has one hun- dred and thirty acres in his farm. He has served several years as Assessor, and is well known. Edwin Bowers is a son of John Bowers, a sketch of whose life may be found in that of Benjamin Bowers. The younger Bowers was born May 5, 1837, in Lowell, Maine. He came to Burlington with his father when six years of age. He now lives on the old homestead which his father cleared. He married Belle Brawn daughter of Warren Brawn, of Aroostook county. They have one daugher — Flora. Mr. Bowers has one hun- dred acres of land — the old home farm — about nine miles from urlington. Mr. James Edes, of Burlington, is a son of Isaac and Lydia Edes, of Guilford, Maine. Isaac and Lydia had nine children, of whom five are living — Thomas, of Park- man, Maine; Lydia, wife of A. Tucker, of Bangor- Susan, deceased; Jane, deceased; Emma, wife of Charles C. Kenney, of Bangor; James; Isaac, deceased; John M. deceased; May A., now Mrs. Harlow, of Parkman. Isaac Edes died in 1874. Mrs. Edes was born Septem- ber 19, 1832, in Guilford, Maine. He learned the trade of blacksmith and has always followed that business. He came to Burlington in 1872. He had previously lived in Lowell. Mr. Edes has a farm of seventy-five acres out of the village about one mile. He married Permelia M. Barker, daughter of Noah and Tabitha Barker, of Burlington. They have five children — Carrie H., wife of Charles E. Taylor, of this town; Frederick M., at home; William B.; Agnes M.; Edwin C. Mr. Edes has served several years as Town Treasurer, Town Clerk, and Selectman of his town, both in Burlington and Lowell. In 1873 and 1874 he represented his class in the Legislature. Mrs. Mary McCorison, widow of the late George McCorison {nee Mary S. Page) was married May 7, 1861. He was a son of Wilham McCorison, who settled in Bur- lington in 1841. The father.was born jn Belden, Maine, in 1796, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was a wheelwright by trade. He married Sarah Lowell, who was born in 1801 aud died in 1864. The only surviving members of their family are Maria A. Strickland, Eliza- beth M. Page, and Sarah J. Page. He died in Burling- ton in 1858. Mr. George McCorison died April 2, 1875. He had three children, Nellie M., Edwin S., and Willie E. Mr. McCorison was a farmer and house- carpenter. CARMEL. DESCRIPTIVE NOTeS. Carmel, one of the old towns of the county, originally known as Plantation No. 3, Second Range, is the second town west of Bangor, in the same range, and included within the same parallels on the north and south boun- daries. It is one of the regular territorial formations in the county, the limits and dimensions of the town being precisely those of the township, and comprising thirty-six square miles, or 23,040 acres, almost every acre of which is improved or improvable. No part of it is Covered with water, except that touched by running streams and the half square mile or more in the northwest corner, which forms the bed of the Etna and Carmel and the Parker Ponds. The town is separated from Waldo HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 273 county by only the breadth of Newburg, a little over six miles; and from Bangor the width of Hermon, or six miles. It is bounded on the east by the latter town, on the south by the former, on the west by Etna, and the north, for equal distances, by Levant and Stetson. The waters of Carmel are the Sowadabscook Stream, which has its source in Parker Pond, and flows in a southeasterly course to the centre of the town and be- yond to a point about equidistant (one and three -eighths miles) from the east and south lines of the town, whence it bends and makes its way out in a northeasterly course into Hermon, and so on to Hermon Pond and the Pen- obscot. Half a mile southeast of the Carmel depot, near the geographical centre of the town, the Sowadabs- cook receives the Kingsley Stream from Newburg, and is thereafter a quite broad and respectable brook. The Kingsley receives three affluents in this town — one hard upon the south boundary, which comes in from Etna, where it heads; another a mile north of this, also of Etna birth and with a tiny tributary also heading in that town, and running a mile or so in Carmel to a mouth near the middle of the west line; the third is on the east side of the Kingsley, with its headwaters near Ruggles Place, and its mouth half a mile south of the second. In the north part of Newburg head two branches of another tributary of the Sowadabscook, entering a mile and a quarter below the Kingsley Stream, the westernmost of them taking in a very short "run" before the union of the two. A few hundred yards above its mouth, about the same distance from the mouth of the Kingsley, and again a little more than half a mile above the depot, the Sowadabscook has three tributary brooks, the middle of which is longest, coming in from the corner of Stetson, and itself receiving a rivulet on the west side and near the town line. In the northeast part of the town are several small waters, which unite to form a brook running into the Kenduskeag Stream, near its debouchure into the Sowadabscook. In the'opposite, or northwest corner, lies the Etna and Carmel Pond. This, as its name im- plies, is partly in the town of Etna, and a small portion -reaches into Stetson. It is a mile in extremes! length, which is at the lower part, and a little more than half a mile broad. Parker Pond, south of the Etna and Car- mel, is practically a part of the same sheet, but is some- what separated from the other by two islands of some size, which divide the uniting waters into three channels. ^The area of Parker is less than half that of its twin .sister. This survey or "waterscape" exhibits Carmel as a remarkably well-watered town. It is not less excellently provided with roads. Three highways cross it throughout, from east to west; another describes preity nearly a diagonal from the neighborhood of the southeast corner to a point a little below Parker Pond; and six north and south roads, — none of them, however, crossing the town continuously, — with some shorter routes, abundantly supply it with this kind of travelling facilities. In addition, between seven and eight miles of the Maine Central Railroad lie in Carmel. It enters about three-fourths of a mile below the exit of 3S the Sowadabscook Stream into Hermon, crosses that water at a mile's distance, runs thence north of west to the depot near Carmel post-office, and on northwesterly by the hamlet known as Damascus (which has no post- office), to its departure into Etna, close by the bank of Parker Pond. A little more than a mile south of its track, and somewhat further to the southeast of the depot, is the' locality called Ruggles Place, which also has no post-office of its own. The North Carmel post- office is about three miles north of the Central track, and nearly in the northeast corner of the town. Carmel is well supplied with school-houses, which gen- erally stand at or near the junction of roads. There is a cemetery at North Carmel, another at Carmel Station, and another toward the southeast corner of the town, on the Newport and Hampden road, running southeasterly through Ruggles Place from Carmel post-office. A num- ber of shingle, saw, carding, and other mills are scattered over the town. The Town House is in Carmel village, and the Town Farm is on the Bangor and Plymouth road, a mile west of that place. The surface of this town is generally level, and along the streams are some fine tracts of alluvial land, a small part of which is swampy. The town was originally cov- ered with a dense growth of pine timber, some of which remained until quite of late years. THE ORIGINAL OWNER. The township which forms Carmel was bought of the State of Massachusetts on the 2d of March, 1795, ^y the Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, under whose auspices the early settlements were made by Paul Rug- gles and others. He seems to have been a man not only of large property, but of reasonably large and liberal views, and a good name to associate with the beginnings of a populous and prosperous community. THE FIRST SETTLER in Carmel was the Rev. Paul Ruggles, oldest son of Ed- ward Ruggles, of Hardwick, Worcester county, Massa- chusetts, where he lived until his twenty-sixth year. He there married Mercy Dexter in 1796, and early in the spring of the second year thereafter they pushed their way alone into the Maine wilderness. An ox-sled was sent ahead of them, bearing their little stock of furniture and household goods. They followed in a sleigh (the snow was still on the ground, although spring had come) some days after, and after a cold, rough journey through the deep woods and over the primitive roads, reached the Penobscot country at Hampden. They made their way thence into the present tract of Hermon, where a settler named Garland had built one of the first cabins, if not the first one, in that town; and with his family the young pioneers spent some weeks, until the weather be- came more settled and such as to allow them to go on to their own destination further in the wilderness interior. The rest of the story is well told in the number of the Gospel Banner and Family Visitant for March 17, 1866, by a correspondent who visited Mrs. Ruggles and her descendants that year. He says: Mr. Garland's dwelling was about the only human habitation in Her 374 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. mon. Here Mr. Ruggles and party remained till about the first of May, when, as no road had been constructed to Township No. 2 [3]. now Carmel, the place of their destination, they built a boat of a log, called a "dug-out," in which they placed their rffects, and, launching it into the Sowadabscook, paddled up stream into the central portion of the township, and landed near the mouth of a beautiful, clear stream, swarming with trout, which empties into the Sowadabscook, and which they called Ruggles Brook. Here they built them at first a log house directly in the midst of the wilderness. Subsequently they erected a plank dwelling. Moose, deer, beaver, etc., were abundant. Mrs. Ruggles says she can remember many circumstances that took place distinctly, because they were of such a nature as to impress themselves on her mind in- delibly. For instance, she awoke one morning just before sunrise in the summer, and saw a very large owl sitting upon the head-board of her bed looking down with the utmost gravity and composure into her face. The door of the cabin had been left partly open, and the owl, without stopping to knock, had thus unceremoniously entered the dom- icile of these Massachusetts gentlefolks, and without so much as wait- ing to be introduced, perched himself thus in close proximity to the faces of his new-made acquaintances. Mrs. Ruggles also recollected distinctly the method invented by her husband of taking the trout in the stream near their dwelling. He and his brother built a mill the first season of their removal to their new home, and there were times after the mill was shut down, the water be- ing shoal below the mill, that it seemed to be literally alive with those beautiful, glittering fish — the speckled trout, from three to four inches to a foot in length. Her husband would place boards in the stream and a basket, so as to drive the trout through an opening into the basket, taking a bushel or more at a time. Selecting of the finest, sufficient for their purpose on any occasion, they would permit the others to escape. This venerable lady, the first to set fpot on the soil of the present Carmel, was still living when this was written. She survived, indeed, in remarkable health and preserva- tion of her faculties, until June 8, 1870, when she passed away at the advanced age of ninety-three years. Her husband, the brave young pioneer, not only in material civilization, but in the higher matters of religion, died more than half a century before — on the 2 ist of May, 1820. Some further sketch of these primitive Carmelites is com- prised in the biographical notice of their distinguished son. Major Hiram Ruggles, appended to this History, as also below. The tract they settled, between one and two miles southeast of Carmel village, is still known upon the maps of the county, and otherwise quite widely, as the Ruggles Place, although it passed out of the possess- sion of the family quite a number of years ago. MR. RUGGLES AS A PREACHER. The following notice of Elder Ruggles is included in A Memorial Paper, read at the Seini-centennial meeting of the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention, held at East Winthrop, June 16-18, 1874, by the Rev. C. G. Porter, of Bangor: While Merrill was thus serving the church with voice and pen near the coast line of the State, there was another, of a John-the-Baptist stamp, lifting up his cry in the then wilderness region of the Penobscot. Elder Paul Ruggles was one of our early pioneer preachers. He was the father of Doctor Paul, deceased, and of Hon. Hiram, for many years and now a leading citizen of Penobscot county, and at present Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District. Mr. Ruggles W.1S one of the constituent members of the church in Etna, organized in 1807, and its deacon until 1811, when he was ordained to the work of the ministry at his own house in Carmel, Revs. Daniel Merrill, Otis Briggs, and John Chadboume assisting in the services. He at once entered upon his great work with the ardor of an apostle, which was unabated till closed by his death, which occurred May 21, 1870. I have his journal here with me to-day, in which is found a record of all the places in which he preached and the texts used, from the time of his ordinaUon till a few weeks before his death. I find upon examina- tion that in a little more than nine years he preached more than twelve hundred sermons, principally in the Penobscot region, varied with visits as far east as the State line and west to what is now Somerset county and that he was chiefly instrumental in gathering five churches, viz: at Newport, Stetson, Exeter, Hermon (now Second Hampden), and Charleston. In January, 1815, he made a preaching tour as far east as Eastport (then Moose Island) , preaching in all the towns on the way and officiating a number of times on the island, at the house of Deacon Aaron Hayden. Returning, on his arrival at Lubec, February 15th, he received the joyful news of the proclamation of peace with Great 'Britain, and immediately calling the people together at the house of Captain Morton, he preached from Luke ii. 14: "Glory to God in the highest; on earth peace, good will to men." Mr. Ruggles was very popular as a preacher, as much so as our most popular ministers of the present day. The old men and women who remember him speak of him as having been very smart, and very able, and very vigorous. He was a great favorite, particularly in Bangor and Hampden, and was sometimes pressed into service at very short notice. He preached the first sermon preached by a Baptist in what is now the city of Bangor, on the evening of the second of November 1817, and this was his text, Matthew xxii. ro : "And when he was come into Jerusalem all the city was moved, saying. Who is this?" Mr. Case followed him in; December, and baptized two persons. Mr. Ruggles had preached some years before, within the town limits, at the house of a Mr. Hasey, about four miles out on the Pushaw road ; but this was the first Baptist sermon in what is now the city proper. It is told of him that, being in Hampden one day with his ox team, he was besought to remain and preach to the people in the evening, and consented, taking for his text the story of that stranger who slew so many of the Philistines with an ox goad. He was regarded, in that very straight day,- as a very close preacher, and, as they used to say, "hewed by the' line, let the chips fall where they might." A young man — old, however, when he told me the story— heard him preach a sermon in Frankfort, in 1815, on "Christian Character," in which he ma'dfe irso exalted that the young man said "it tore him all to pieces and. left him without any foundation to stand on." He said he feared to do it, but felt so alarmed that he did not dare to let Mr. Ruggles go;without asking him "if it was not possible for one to be a Christian without being jiist so exalted a character as he had set forth in his discourse." "O, bless you, my dear young man," was the Elder's reply, " we ininisters have to preach what people ought to be, not what they are. Christ is the standard, and there must be a striv- ing to be like him ; but the best of the saints will come infinitely short." His journal shows that Mr. Ruggles, like many of our earlier min- isters, was fond of preaching from prophecy and figurative and quaint passages, such as are found in the prophetic books and in the Songs of Solomon, such as these: ."Ind the river was divided into four heads." "And the cherubims spread forth their wings." "And I saw three imclean spirits, like frogs, come o>it of the mouth of the dragon." "A lump of figs." "A garden enclosed is my sister, my spouse." "And as a lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters." In running over the record, I was a little puzzled with what at first I thought was a text. It reads thus; "1818, September 27th. Preached at the upper school-house, in Carmel, from Luke iii., 8. And the devil came from No. 4." As I said, I thought at first it was a text, and I knew the devil came from a great many places, but I didn't remember about No. 4. But I found, upon examination, that it was simply a record of the fact that a wicked man came from No. 4 (now Etna), and disturbed the meeting. Mr. Ruggles died at the early age of thirty-eight, much lamented, His last sermon was preached at Newport, but a little time before his death, from one of those texts he loved so well to handle— Songs iii. &■ "Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness, like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrih :ind frankincense, and all powders of the mer- chant?" I thought how fiiting it was that the spirit of that gifted man should exhale in the aroma of such a text as that. ORGANIZATION. Carmel was erected as the one hundred and eighty- seventh town in the District of Maine, on the 21st of June, iSii, the same day that Corinth, in this county, and Sebec, in Washington county, were formed. RECORD OF GROWTH. Within fourteen years after the foundations— that is, in 1810— the population of this township numbered 123. HISTOKY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 275 The next year, June .21, 181 1, the town was incorporated by the name it now bears. By 1820 the people of Car- mel numbered 153; in 1830, 237; in 1840, 520 (the population had more than doubled during the preceding decade); in 1850, 1,225 (^" increase of 136 per cent.); in i860, 1,273; in 1870, 1,348; in 1880, 1,220. The number of polls in the town in 1812, the year after it was organized, was 25 ; in 1820, 38; in i860, 300; in 1870, 336; in 1880, 294. The total valuation of estates in 1812 was only $948.- 50, with a tax of 13 cents in the $1,000. In eight years more it had mounted to $20,545. Forty years later, in i860, the valuation was $188,235; in 1870, $260,118; and in 1880, $291,073. THE CHURCHES of Carmel are the Calvinistic Baptist, the Free Baptist or Union, and the Methodist societies. The first of these was organized at a very early day, the first Baptist church in the county, by Elder Ruggles and his co- believers in the faith. It had thirty-six members in 1821. Elder B. D. Small is the present minister; Rev. James Blagden has the Free Baptist church in charge; and the Rev. F. A. Bragdon was the Methodist pastor in 1880. A Congregational chufch was organized in Carmel, May 5, 1853, but we are not possessed of the records of its rise and fall. MANUFACTURES AND TRADES. Not much lumbering is now done in Carmel. There are two blacksmiths and two butchers, one carriage maker and one maker of carriage woodwork, one furni- ture manufacturer, one boot and shoe-maker, one harness- maker, and one carder, weaver, and cloth-dresser. There are half a dozen general stores, three resident physicians, and one hotel, kept by Edward Murphy. MINING COMPANY. The Harrington Silver Mining Company was formed some time ago in Bangor, for operations in this town. E. C. Nichols is President; Eugene M. Hersey, Secre- tary; and William H. Darling, Superintendent of the Company. Its operations have not been very vigorously prosecuted. CHEESE B'ACTORY. The Carmel, Hermon, Hampden, & North Newburg cheese factory was incorporated February 8, 1875. The first meeting of the company was held in North Newburg, where the factory has been located. It is accounted a somewhat valuable industry in these parts. ASSOCIATIONS. The societies of Carmel best known to the public are the Golden Harvest Grange, No. 33, Patrons of Hus- bandry, meeting on Wednesdays; St. Paul's Division of Sons of Temperance, meeting Saturday evenings; Saw- •adabscook Lodge of Good Templars, Thursday evenings; and the Benevolent Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, Wednesday evenings in the weeks of full moon. THE POST-OFFICES are Carmel and North Carmel. Mr. C. K. Johnson is postmaster at the former, Samuel Raines of the latter. THE PUBLIC OFFICERS of the town in 1880 were: Alonzo Tilton, W. O. Syl- vester, C. H. Goodwin, Selectmen; J. F. Benjamin, Town Clerk; F. A. Simpson, Treasurer; R. A. Robinson, Collector; Paul Ruggles, Constable; Frank Robinson, John R. Chase, A. I. Pickard, School Committee; Hiram Ruggles, F. M. Simpson, F. A. Simpson, Trial Justices. SETTLEMENT NOTES. The Rev. Benjamin D. Small, now the oldest living inhabitant of Carmel, is the son of Alexander Small, of Provincetovvn, Massachusetts, who came to this town about 1800 or 1802. His wife's name was Ruth Dyer. They had eight children, two boys and six girls, all of whom, except our subject, are now deceased. When he came here there were no roads this side of Hampden, and he had to bring his goods on an ox-sled and by hand, there being not even roads for a wagon, and only one horse in the settlement. This belonged to the pioneer Ruggles, who lived in what at that time was called the Ruggles Settlement, three miles south of the present village of Carmel. When a man asked for this horse to use on the morrow, Mr. Ruggles could not posi- tively promise, but would say: "The first man who comes here to-morrow will get the horse." Mr. Small settled in the western part of Carmel, on the road now leading from Hampden to Newport, though it was some time ere the road was laid out. Mr. Small spent the re- mainder of his life here in farming pursuits. He died in April, 1846. Mrs. Small lived to be ninety-two years old, dying in or about i860. The hardships and priva- tions these early settlers endured would be thought un- bearable by the present generation. The only remain- ing member of this family. Rev. B. D. Small, was born July 17, 1808, and married Eliza Sawyer, of Hampden. He first settled in Etna, preaching in that town and in this. There were at his earliest recollection but twenty voters in this town. He first settled here on the old farm, where his father lived. He has lived in Veazie, St. George, Carmel, Newport, Harrington and Waterville, preaching in most of these towns to churches of his faith — the Baptist. Mrs. Small is still living. They have had three children — Augustus D., Fidelia C, now Mrs. Whittemore, of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and Edwin S., a Baptist clergyman, of Livermore Falls. Augustus D. has for several years been Superintendent of- Schools in Salem, Massachusetts. Mr. Small, thongh now sev- enty-two years old, still preaches occasionally. He is a well preserved and intelligent old gentleman, and one whom it is a pleasure to meet. He can remember when there were but two schools in this town, and when it was not thought important to teach Englith grammar. When he began to preach he had first to study grammar by himself, it not being taught much in the schools. L. A. Small is a son of Alexander Small, whose father's name was also Alexander. For sketch of the latter's life see above. The younger Alexander came here with his father from Provincetown, Massachusetts, when a child of about four years. He married Betsey Blaisdell, daughter of Daniel Blaisdell, of Stetson. They had seven chil- 2 76 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. dren, four boys and three girls, who arrived at maturity, besides one who died in early manhood. The names of the living are Susan, no*v Mrs. Burnett, of Newport ; Lucinda, now Mrs. Blagden, ofCarrael; Jonathan Smith, of Portland ; Betsey B., now Mrs. Spratt, of Carmel ; L. A., the subject of the sketch ; Sidney I., of Saginaw, Michigan, a physician ; and Daniel E., of Carmel. Mr. Small has been dead some years. Mrs. Small died in 1873. I- A. Small was born in 1840, May 16. After receiving a common school education he entered the army in 1862, and remained about a year, when he was discharged on account of sickness and disability. In 1862 he married Linda B. Clapham, daughter of Charks G. Clapham, of Woodstock, New Brunswick. They have no children. Mr. Small now lives on the old home- stead, about one and a half miles from the village of Carmel. He has a good farm, though small, and is im- proving his buildings by the erection .of an "L" to his house for a kitchen, wood-house, and carriage-house. When completed he will have a very convenient set of buildings. Among the early settlers of Carmel 'was Eben C. Hinkley, who came from Barnstable, Massachusetts about 1806 or 1807. He married Dele Hoxie, of Sand- wich, Massachusetts, and soon after came here. He settled in the eastern part of the town, near Hampden on what is known as Hinkley Hill. They had ten chil- dren, five boys and five girls. Here he lived ever after, and died March 7, iS^g, CARROLL. ITS SITUATION, ETC. "This history now makes a long leap from Carmel to ■ Carroll.' The latter is a comparatively new town, form- erly known on the maps simply as Township No. 6, Second Range, north of the Bingham Penobscot Pur- chase. It lies on the furthest east line of the county, ad- joining Washington county, on the old stage road from Lincoln through Lee and Springfield to Princeton, in Washington county; and .. is forty-five and a half miles distant from Bangor, "as the crow flies." It is bounded north by Prentiss; east by Kossuth, in Wash- ington county; south by Lakeville Plantation; and west by Springfield. It would be a nearly regular township of six miles square, but for an " L " three and one- half miles long from east to west, and nearly two miles wide, in the southeast part of the town, encroaching upon territory which would seem rightfully to belong to Lakeville Plantation. ^The town contains about 27,520 acres. Considering its distance in the interior and neighborhood to the re- cent wilderness tracts in Washington, county it is well settled ; and as the census returns below will manifest, it has held its own remarkably during the hardness of the Igst decade, which cost some towns in the county large percentages of their population, The southeastern quarter, however, and some of the northern tracts, are as yet but sparsely inhabited. • Much of the settlement is upon the main central highway of the town, the only one which traverses it throughout in any direction — the old stage road before mentioned, from Lincoln to Princeton, in Washington county. A road of about equal length, but more crooked, comes in near the southwest corner of the town, from the direction of Duck Lake, in Lake- ville, runs northeasterly to the stage road, and thence northerly to and ending near Trout Brook, a mile from the north boundary. Nearly hulf a mile after it enters Carroll, a road into Springfield leaves it, and runs west- erly across that town to the stage road in Lee. Nearly two miles east of the crossing of the north and south road and the stage road, another highway starts for the north- ward, and runs into Prentiss, and across that in a nearly due northeast direction into Webster Plantation, and thence to Kingman Station, so giving access again to the European & North American Railway. The other roads of the town are unimportant, except to the small neigh- borhoods they reach. On the stage route through Carroll is the post-officer about half-way across the town, where the mails of the CarroUians are handled by a postmistress, Mrs. Mary E. Curtis; also the Trotting Park, a little east of the post-office; likewise three school-houses, one at the road junction a mile and a quarter east of the office; another at a road junction less than half a mile west of it, and School No. 2 a mile west of that. A.s many cemeteries lie near tnis road— the easternmost just south of the school-house first named ; another half a mile southwest HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 277 &f the post-office ; and the westernmost about midway , between' School No. 2 and the school near the post-office." On the road to Duck Lake, about two-thirds of a mile- below the second cemetery, is still another srnall grave- yard. School No. t Ues about a mile beyond it, on the same road; and there is one more little cemetery a half mile- southwest of it, near the town line, on the road into Springfield. School No. 4 is a mile and a half north of th-e post-ofSce, and yet another two miles nearly due west 6f this, on a road across the northwest corner of the town. - A hotel is also kept on the stage road, east of the post-office ; and mills are found in various parts of the town. -The waters of -Carroll are Boyce Brook in the south- east, running into a pond.just north of Junior Lake, to which its flow ultimately goes by a short connecting stream; Getchell Brook, which rises near the post-office, ' and runs to Duck Lake, receiving a small tributary from Carroll on the way; Lowell Brook, which just touches the southwest corner; the two branches that form the Mattagondus Stream, which, after a very short course in this town, runs out into. Springfield at a point about in the middle of the west line of Carroll, and after travers- ing some four miles of Springfield, re-enters this town again for a little way at the northeast corner; the Trout Brook, which presently becomes the Spruce Brook, and joins the Mattagondus Stream a mile north of the town; and, in the northeastern and eastern parts of Carroll, the head branches, with their tributaries, of a stream that flows into Kossuth town, Washington county, and into one of the numerous lakes of that region. A small lake or pond — unnamed as yet, so far as we are aware — should also be rnentioned on the west line of the town, some- thing more-than a mile above the southwest corner, and connected with Duck Lake by the Lowell Brook. ' Carroll is thus a finely watered town, and one exceed- ingly eligible for settlement. The surface and soil of the town are quite as favorable as those of the average town elsewhere in the county, and in time it can hardly fail to contain a numerous and prosperous population. The soil-is of a deep red loam, well mixed with fine dark slate. There is considerable limestone also in the town, and one of the finest quarries of the kind in the State is on the farm of Homer Gates. In the southern part of Carroll minerals so abound that not . a little difficulty is experienced in running lines by the compass. The sur- face of the town lies in large and very gradual swells. THE BEGINNINGS. In 1830 Mr. Luke Hastings came in, and felled the first trees and built his cabin on the bank of the Mat- tagondus Stream. His lot. No. Ill, has been occupied at different times since by other settlers, and is now in a good state of preservation. After Mr. Hastings' occupa- > tion, it was sold to Deacon William Stevens, of New Gloucester, Maine, and subsequenrly to Hon. Hiram Stevens, its present owner and occupant. ' The next year Messrs. Charles, Ezekiel, and Horace Brown, Samuel Coombs, William Oliver, and others commenced farming here; and during the next three years Captain Daniel Lathrop, Captains Daniel and Thomas Lindsey, Lincoln Curtiss, Samuel Bowers, and H. W. Larrabee made their settlements in the township. The first female child born here was Cordelia Blanchard in the cabin of Luke Hastings. The first" male child, Levi Lincoln Curtiss, was born February 26, 1834, in the house of William Oliver. The second,* William E. Oliver, born a month later, was a child of the Oliver household. ORGANIZATION. . The natal day" of Carroll itself is March 30, 1845, when it was erected into a town. Previously,, the west haif of the township had been, in Penobscot county, and the east half in Washington county; but both were now united in the former county under one muriicipal organi- zation. PROGRESS. The pojjulation of Carroll, when it became a town, was not much more than 300. Five years afterwards, in 1850, it had 401 people; in i860, 470; in 1870, 632; and in 1880, 625. It held its population remarkably well during the depopulfiting decade 1870-80. Carroll had 102 polls in i860, 143 in 1870, and 156 in 1880. There has thus been a steady increase in the number of polls, notwithstanding a slight falling-off in the census return the last few years. This shows that the number of grown men in the town was more than kept good. The estates of Carroll were valued in i860 at $54,513; ' in 1870, at $103,498; and in 1880, at $112,464. THE CHURCHES. " , A Congregational Society, for Carroll, Springfield, and Lee, was organized March 14, 1846, the year after the town was incorporated. The pulpit of the church in this town is just now vacant. There is also a Baptist Society here, which is likewise temporarily without a pastor. THE OTHER SOCIETIES of Carroll are the Kaskahegan Grange No. 126, Patrons of Husbandry ; and the Star in the East Lodge, No. 213, of the Independent Order of Good Templars, a compara- tively new organization. INDUSTRIES. Carroll has one manufactory of long lumber, one of long and short lumber, one shingle and grist-mill, one carriage-worker, one limestone quarry, and one black- smith. Messrs. Ring & Blanchard keep a grange and general store. OFFICERS OF 1881. D. W. Lindsey, W. H. Brown, J. Gardner, Selectmen; D. W. Lindsey, Town Clerk ; Albion Gates, Treasurer ; Jacob Gardner, Constable and Collector; H. B. Carr, School Supervisor; J. A. Larrabee, A. H. Lindsey (quo- rum), Hiram Stevens (trial), J. A. Larrabee (dedimus). Justices; J. A. Larrabee, Pension Notary. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Mr. John A. Larrabee, of Carroll, one of the early set- tlers of the town, is a son of Moses and Eunice Larrabi?e, of Danville, now Auburn, Maine. His, grandfather's name was Solomon Larrabee, who was from Scarborough, 278 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Maine. Moses and Eunice Larrabee had seven children, three sons and four daughters, viz: Permelia, widow of the late Phineas S. Woodman, of Springfield, Maine; Hiram, deceased ; Eunice, wife of Joseph C. Larrabee, Medford, Massachusetts; Moses, deceased ; John A.; Emily; Minerva, wife of Samuel Cloke, of Carroll. Moses Larrabee was for many years Justice of the Peace here, where he died June 13, 1845. Mrs. Larrabee died December 25, 1864. John A. Larrabee, youngest son of this family, was born February 9, i8r4, in Danville (Auburn). He came here with his father in 1834, when twenty years of age, and settled on the place where he now lives, clearing up the farm almost wholly, as there was no house on the place and only a few trees were felled. There were no roads within twenty miles of him at that time. They had to go that far to Lincoln for supplies and milling. The hardsliips endured by these early settlers can hardly be realized by their descendants of the present generation. Mr. Larrabee married Eve- line Lmdsey, by whom he had one daughter, now de- ceased. Mr. Larrabee died February 17, 1838, and her husband married Hannah M. Martin, daughter of Jacob Martin, of Atkinson, Maine. They have had seven chil- dren, of whom five are living: Charles C, now at Jack- son Brook, Maine ; George A., with his father; Bina E., wife of George D. Brown, of Carroll ; Hiram A., now in Massachusetts ; and Abbie M. Mr. Larrabee has held various town offices, has been Selectman and Assessor for twenty-seven years, and Town Clerk for twenty-nine years. He has a fine place, and is well known in this part of the county. Zadoc Bishop, who came to Carroll when a boy, with his father, is a son of Joseph Bishop. The latter was a native of Leeds, Maine, and married Jane Turner, of Leeds. They had eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, viz : Abial D., Joseph, Elizabeth, Amos H., and Walter, deceased; Zadoc; Nathan, of Monmouth, Maine ; and George, now of Leeds. • Zadoc Bishop was born May 14, 1815. His father lived here but three summers, going back winters. Zadoc and his two broth- ers bought out their father and commenced farming for themselves. Zadoc Bishop married Emily M. Lothrop, daughter of Daniel and Lucy Lothrop, of Leeds. They formerly came from Massachusetts. This couple have had seven children, viz : Ellen, deceased ; Frank P., now in Wadena, Minnesota; Emma, wife of William Brown, of Carroll; Ellouisa, now Mrs. E. Lothrop, of Carroll; Albert, now with his father; Roscoe, Ella, and Jennie. When Mr. Bishop came here he took his pack upon his back and followed a spotted line. He has cleared up the farm where he now lives and built all the buildings on it. He now owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land and has a large two-story house. Mr. Bishop has held important town offices, snch as Selectman, etc. He raised the first English or cultivated hay in the town. He has been engaged in lumbering in connection with his farming, for many years, and was in the famous Mada- waska or Aroostook war. Ezekiel Brown is a son of Ezekiel M. Brown, of Tops- ham, Maine. They had seven children who grew up, and lost one in infancy. Their names were Hannah, wife of David Graves, of Bowdoinham ; Ezekiel; Charles, now o{ Carroll; Mary, widow of John Fisher, of Topsham- Elizabeth, widow of Alfred Gowell, of Bowdoin, Maine • Horace, of Carroll; and Daniel M., now in Texas. By his second wife he had one son, William P., now in Ore- gon. Ezekiel M. Bishop died May 26, 1858, and Mrs. Brown July 17, 1834. Ezekiel Brown, the oldest son of this family, was born December 5, 1806. He spent his early days on a farm, but on arriving of age he settled on the farm where he now resides. There were at that time no roads through the town. He built a log-house and cleared up the farm, and now has one of the best farms in the town. He married Eveline H. True, daughter of Josiah and Mary True, of Lisbon, Maine. They have had eleven children, eight of whom are now living. Their names are: Ezekiel M., in Minnesota; Hannah T., de- ceased; Homer J., now of Springfield, Maine; DellieA., deceased; Frank T., now in Anoka, Minnesota; John K., of Kansas; Annie T., deceased; Mary E., wife of Allen C. Reed, of New York city; Leander B., of Car- roll, with his father; -Will P., in Nevada; and George D,, of Minnesota. Mr. Brown has held various town offices and represented his class in the Legislature in 1858. Charles Brown, son of Ezekiel and Emma Brown, of Topsham, Maine (for a sketch of whose life see the above), was born August 7, 1808. He came to Carroll in April, 1831, settled where he now lives, and married Lucy Lothrop for his first wife. They had five children, viz: Mary H., deceased, wif(? of Joshua T. Baldwin, of Prentiss; Martha J., wife of Lewis F. Yeaton, of Wa- dena, Minnesota; Charles R., now of Springfield, Maine; John F., at home with his father; and Lucy A, wife of Charles M. Maltby, of Bluffton, Minnesota. Mrs. Brown died September 28, 1849. Mr. Brown married for his second wife Lydia Turner, daughter of George and Betsey Turner, of Leeds. He has served his town fourteen years as Treasurer; has one of the finest places in Carroll which he has cleared up from the woods himself. One of the old settlers of Carroll is Mr. Calvin Lane, who came here from Leeds, Maine, in 1836. He is a son of Gideon and Jemima Lane {nee Jemima Norris), Gideon Lane was a son of Daniel Lane, who came to Leeds from New Gloucester. He was a native of Mas- sachusetts. Gideon and Jemima Lane had thirteen children, of whom twelve lived to maturity, viz: Polly, Alpheus, Lydia, Jemima, Dorcas, Fanny, Giddins, Sam- uel, Susan, Ruth, Esther, Calvin, and Nancy. Gideon Lane died January 29, 1836, and Mrs. Lane died in April, 1865, being over ninety-five years old. Calvin Lane, the youngest son of this family, was born Septem- ber 6, 1814, in Leeds. His boyhood was spent upon a farm. On arrhing at manhood he commenced farm- ing for himself in the then wilderness of Carroll. He came here in 1836. There were then but few families in the towri. The road was laid out, but nothing yet done on it. He made the first clearing on the farm ad- joining his present home, where Mr. Blanchard now lives. He lived here twelve or fifteen years, when he built a HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 279 store and engaged in trade. He followed mercantile life for about six years, then bought the farm where he now lives. He married Dulsena Lothrop, daughter of ■ Daniel and Lucy Lothrop {nee Lucy Gilbert). They have had seven children, five of whom are now living, viz: Francis A., wife of George Baldwin, of Prentiss; Esther J., wife of George Taylor, of Topsfield; Orestes H., now in Nevada; Clara A., wife of Alonzo Noble, of Carroll; Daniel G., of Topsfield. Mr. Lane has served as Selectman several years. He has a fine farm of one hundred and thirty acres, besides out-land. B. W. Blanchard, a farmer and merchant of Carroll, was born November 20, 1823, in the town of Bowdoin, Kennebec county, Maine. His father, John F. Blan- chard, married Betsy Hopkins, of Bowdoin. They had six children, viz: Benjamin W.; Caroline, now Mrs. David White; John A., deceased; Edward H.; Helen D., wife of Daniel Hall, Oconto, Wisconsin; and De- borah, deceased, wife of T. Woodcock, of Ripley. John F. Blanchard died in 1849, ^"d Mrs. Blanchard is also dead. B. W. Blanchard, the oldest son, spent his early life on a farm, but his father moved to Bowdoin- ham, Maine, when he was young. He came to Carroll with his father in 1838, when he was fifteen. On be- coming of age he engaged in lumbering till he was twenty-seven, when he married Miss Rhoda Abbott, daughter of Jeremiah and Betsy Abbott, of this town, and bought a farm, where he has since resided, though en- gaged in lumbering. He also has a lumbering supply store with a Mr. Ring. To this couple have been born eight children, five of whom are living : Adel F., Rose, Georgia, Nellie, and William A. Mr. Blanchard has a good farm of eighty acres. He has not been engaged in public life, except as postmaster for eight years. CHARLESTON. The narrative now swings back to the older and more densely populated towns of the county. Charleston, formerly called New Charleston, is one of the oldest of these, having been settled in 1795 and incorporated in 181 1, the same year that Carmel was erected into a' town. Although nrore distant from Bangor, (twelve and a half miles away) than the former town, and as yet with- out a railroad, it is almost the peer of Carmel in popula- tion, and surpassed it by the censuses of 1850 and i860 — in the latter case by 175 persons. It is one of the best and most satisfactory towns in Penobscot. Charleston is a regular township of thirty-six square miles and 23,040 acres, like most others in its range, forming the north quartette of towns in the western region of the county. Its companion on the east is Bradford, on the west Garland. Atkinson, in Piscataquis county, neighbors it on the north, and Corinth on the south. It IS connected with these towns, and its several parts with each other, by an excellent system of wagon-roads. The main east and west highway is that on a straight line •hrough nearly the exact centre of the town — the road mentioned in our descriptions of Alton and Bradford as traversing this entire northern range of towns to and be- yond Dexter village. Another road a mile north of this IS generally parallel with it very nearly across the tOwn ; and about a mile north of this still another runs about half-way across, stopping at its intersection with the north and south road through Charleston post-office. A similar highway enters from Bradford, and stops at the same road, a little more than a mile south of the central route. A shorter road, but with the same general direc- tion, is still south of this, and connects the north and south road in the east of the town with a road to the northwest into that through Charleston post-office. The two roads across the town north and south are about two miles apart, the former running nearly through the cen- tre of the town ; and they preserve a rather remarkable parallelism. One more road very nearly traverses the entire town. It leaves the central north and south road close upon the south line of the town, and runs off north- westerly to a point very near the northwest corner, whence it cuts across the angle of Piscataquis into Gar- land. West Charleston is upon the crossing of this and the central east and west road. At the intersection of the two central roads, in almost the exact geographical centre of the town, there is no village, and scarcely a house, but the school-house No. 10 is quite near. Charleston village is about a mile north of this point. At this place is the Union church and cemetery, and an academy building. Schools, mills, stores, shops, and other buildings of public importance, are scattered quite thickly over the town, to accommodate a population HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. which has left few vacant tracts of any large size upon its surface. Charleston is also- an- -exceedingly well-watered town, though it is an interesting fact that the furthest northern part, for about a mile's width, is almost destitute of streams, except the headwaters of two or three brooks that flow southward into Corinth. A very small stream makes a rough semi-circle across the northwest corner of the town. In the second tier of sections, or square miles, from the north line a considerable number of creeks have their sources. They join other streams, which in turn unite with larger ones and receive more tributaries, until the south half of the town is full of brooks, One stream with its affluents in the southwest and west of the town is not unlike a tree in the number and form of its branches. No less than thirty-five main streams and branches appear upon the map of Charles- ton, most of them in the southern half All but two of these send their waters into Corinth, where- the principal streams they form are the Crooked Brook and the Bear Brook, which becomes the Pushaw Stream after passing the outlet of Litde Pushaw Pond, in Hudson. There is a small lake near the east line of Charleston, half a mile west of School No. 6, with a saw-mill at its outlet; also some broadening of two other streams, but not amounting to more than a mill-pond in either case. Sev- eral mills have been built at the ponds near School No. 4. The valleys and' ravines which are made by so num- erous streams aid greatly to diversify the surface of this town. The soil of Charleston is quite fertile, and it is ac- counted a fine farming town. The township which forms Charleston is No. 2, in the Fifth Range. The first white settler upon it came in 1795, and was either Charles Vaughan or, as Mr. Wil- liamson says (History of .Maine, vol. ii., page 618), one or more who settled under his auspices. The territory was still in the possession of the State, and so remained for seven years, or until July 14, [802, when it was granted to John Lowell. Less than nine years thereafter it was ready for incorporation as a town, and became "New Charleston" on the 1 6th of February, 181 1, the sanie day that Exeter and Garland were ushered into be- ing at the hands of the General Court. It retained this name so lately as 1820, but by and by had it shortened by the dropping of the unnecessary and cumbersome "New," since which time it has been known simply as "Charleston." It was the one hundredth and eighty-first town incorporated within the present limits of Maine. At- this time Charleston had nearly 250 inhabitants. It had 210 people within its borders in 1810; 344 in 1820; 859 in 1830 (an increase of 150 per cent, the greatest in its history for a single decade); 1,269 i" 1840; 1,283 in 1850; i>43o in i860; 1,191 in 1870; and i,ni in 1880. Charleston had 61 polls in 18 12, with a valuation of estates to the amount of $1,363.38, and taxation of 22 cents on the $1,000. In 1820 the polls counted 87, and the estates were $29,483, In i860 the figures were, respectively, 308 and $213,465; in 1870, 330 and $290,- 279; and in 1880, 293 and $277,883. The first church in the town was Calvinistic Baptist It was formed in 1810 (though Mr. Williamson says 181 r), partly under the auspices of the Rev. Paul Rug, gles, of Carmel. Rev. Henry Hale, however, was its first settled minister. It had sixty-seven members in 1821. Elder John S. Higgins is now the pastor in charge. A Free Baptist or Union Church has also been founded in- Charleston, to which Rev. B. F. Gerry, is preacher. There is likewise a Universalist society in town, the pulpit of which. is vacant at present. The Charleston Academy was founded many years ago, and acquired a wide and excellent reputation, Many prominent citizens of the county and State were educated in part within its walls. The post-offices are at Charleston and West Charles- ton. Thomas J. Peaks, Esq., is in charge of the former and Mr. B. H. Ham of the latter. The town has one resident lawyer, one doctor, three m«?rcantile establishments, as many lumber manufacturers, one wheelwright, and three smiths. The Charleston Cheese Factory Association was in- corporated February 12, 1874. The Free Masons have a lodge at Charleston called Olive Branch. The Good Templars are organized in Oak Hill Lodge, No. 211, and meet on Wednesday even- ings. The Patrons -of Husbandry have the Charleston Grange, No. 105. OFFICERS FOR 1 88 1. C. T. Dunning, Melvin F. Martin, Nathan C. Trim, Selectmen; Amasa Holden, Town Clerk; H. C. Holden, Treasurer ; Frank Ross, Samuel L. Paine, Constables; Henry P. Haynes, School Supervisor; Thomas J. Peaks (Quorum), A. AV. King, George W. Dunning, H, P, Haynes (Trial), Justices. NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. " William Tibbetts, sr., was born in England April 21, 1731. He married Laurania Young, and came to Bos- ton at an early day, where he remained but a short time. From Boston he moved to Goldsboro, Maine, and re- mained several years. He was one among the first set- tlers and pioneers of Bangor, as there were not more than a dozen buildings in the place at the time he ar- rived, and there was not a church in Pendbscot county. He raised a large family of children, as follows; Abner, who married a Miss Davis, and died in Exeter; George, who married a Miss Dow, in Penobscot county, and moved to Indiana with his family, where he died; Wil- liam, married Sarah Thoms and died in Kenduskeag^ Benjamin, married Hannah Rose and moved to Indiana, where he died ; a daughter, who married David Manir, and is dead ; Mary, married Jonathan Snow and moved to Kentucky, where she died; and Laurania, married Elisha Mahue and moved to Indiana, where she died. The elder Tibbetts died in Penobscot county, respected by all. His wife survived him several years, and moved to Itidiana, where she died at the residence of her son, Benjamin. William, the third son, was born in the town of Goldsboro, about the year 1765. He came this county and settled at Bangor, where he rema ined untii HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 281 he became of age, and then removed to Kenduskeag, where he took up a farm in the wilderness. There was not a white man north of him to the Canada line. He cleared up a farm, on which he remained all his life. He married Sarah Thoms, of Bangor, and was the father of eleven children, five boys and six girls, viz : Elisha, who married Jane Mathews and died in Kenduskeag; Thomas, died at the age of eight years ; Hiram, married Eliza B. Stockman and lives in Charleston; William, married Sarah Cole and died in Corinth; George, mar- ried Rachel Black and lives in Corinth ; Purcilla, mar- ried George Simpson and died in Corinth ; Nancy, mar- ried James S, Norcross, and died in Glenburn; Mary, twice married, first to a Mr. Beath, second, to James Tibbetts — she hves in California; Susan, married William Webber and lives in Bangor; and Betsey, who died at the age of eight years. The father died in Kenduskeag in 1837; his wife survived him several years and died in Glenburn at the residence of her daughter, Jane, who had married Daniel Wooster. Hiram Tibbetts was born in Kenduskeag December 8, 1803. He' received a common school education and followed school-teaching for a number of years, but has devoted the greater part of his life to farming. He came to Charleston April 10, 1825, and in 1840 settled near the centre of the town, on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of Town Clerk for about twelve years, and in 1837 represented his class in the Legislature; is a member of the Baptist Church; in poli- tics was originally a Jacksonian Democrat, but joined the Republican party in 1854, to which he still belongs. He married Eliza B. Stockman, a native of Penobscot county, May 17, 1832. She died July 15, 1874, in Charleston. He is the father of ten children, five boys and five girls: David, lives in Marysville, California; William was killed at the battle of Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863, while a member of the Sixth Maine Infantry; Charles, married Sarah Jennings, a native of Connecti- cut, and lives in Charleston; Henry L., Hves in Lowell, Massachusetts; Clarence E., married Abby Foss and lives in New York; Isabella C, married Emmons Kings- bury, of Bradford; Sarah, married John Johnson, of East Sullivan, Maine; Mary, married Frederick A. Thayer and lives in Charleston; and Eliza F., married Joseph Ellis and lives in Charleston. Solomon Dunning was born in Levant in 1800. He came to Charleston with his father at an early day, settled on the farm now owned by William E. Dunning, and married Susan Kingsbury, of Bradford. He followed the mercantile business in company with Amasa Holden, in Charleston Centre for about forty years; held the office of Selectman of the town for a number of years, and that of County Commissioner of Penobscot county for one term. He represented his class in the State Legis- lature two terms; was a member of the Baptist church; in politics was Republican. He died in 187 1, in Charles- ton. His wife survives him. He was the father of nine children— Hannah J., married Daniel Morton, hves at Winterport; Henry W., married Lizzie Stephens, was accidentally killed in California; Emily, died in Charles- 36 ton; William E., married Susan Wyllie, lives in Charles- ton; Rachel, married S. C. Holden, lives in Wauseon, Ohio; Harrison, married Mellissa Joslyn, lives in Stock- ton, California; Horatio, married Evie Beacon, lives in Pleasant Grove, Iowa; Eudora, married R. R. Wyllie, Chelsea, Massachusetts; and Freeland, married Jane Rowars, Pleasant Grove, Iowa. Wilham E. was born in Charleston in 1834. He received a common-school edu- cation, and also attended the Charleston Academy. He is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged. In 1853 he went around by the Isthmus to California, where he engaged in mining, and remained there eleven years, when he returned to his native place and settled on the farm where he now lives. In 1864 he married Susan E. Wyllie, a native of Warren, Maine. He has represented his class in the Legislature one term. In politics he is Republican. He is the father of one child, Richard T., who lives at home. Mark Scribner was born in Kennebec couuty, Maine, in 1804. He married Dolly Cilly, a native of Brooks, and came to Penobscot county in 1829, settling on the farm now owned by Charles H. Scribner; he was a farmer, in which business he was engaged all his life. In politics he was a Democrat. He died at his residence in 1866; his wife died at the same place in 1877. He was the father of six children — Caroline, who lives in Utah Territory, engaged in teaching school, is the only Gentile in the territory that teaches a Mormon school, and has been engaged in the business for the past four years; Mary J., married Joseph Bridgham, and lives in Corinth; Daniel W., married Sarah Stephens, and lives in Utah Territory; Newell, lives in the same country; Alvena, married John M. Gary, and lives in Bad Axe, Huron county, Michigan; and Charles H, married Cora Dunning, lives at the old homestead. Charles H. Scribner was born in the town of Charles- ton in 1849; here he received a common-school educa- tion, and also attended the Charleston Academy several terms. He followed farming until eighteen years of age, when he went to Corinth and learned the harness-making trade under Charles Edmunds. He remained here three years, then went to Calais, where he engaged in carriage trimming and remained three years. He then returned home and engaged in harness -making and farming. In 1877 he went to Michigan, where he re- mained but a short time, when he returned to his native place and engaged again in harness-making and farming, in which business he is now. He manufactures every- thing in the line of harness that is known to the trade. In 1878 he married Cora Dunning, a native of Charles- ton. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but in 1879 became a member of the Greenback party. He is the father of one child, John M. Scribner. Lyman Lord was born in the town of Lyman in 1805. He married Lydia Daniels in the town of Kennebunk York county, Maine, in 1827. He came to Penobscot county in 183 1; first settled in Bradford on the farm now owned by Jason Mosier, and followed farming ard lum- bering the greater part of his life. He died in Charles- ton in 1862; his wife survives him. In politics he was 282 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. for many years an old-line Whig, but in after years was a member of the Democratic party. He was the father of eight children : ' Lyman, who married Josephine Burn- ham, and died in Charleston; Elbridge G., married Eva A. Place, and lives in Charleston; Ivory D., lives in San Buenaventura, California; Charles, died in infancy; Mary E., married Moses Goss and lives in Corinth; Lydia A., married Henry C. Young, and lives in Greenville, near Moosehead Lake; Winfield S., married and Hves in Pennsylvania, and Eastman T., who lives in Charleston. Elbridge G. Lord was born in Bradford m 1833; came to Charleston with his father in 1843; received a com- mon school education and also attended school at the Lincoln Academy; practiced the trade of millman for several years in Penobscot and Aroostook counties; in 1858 went to California via the Isthmus, and engaged in lumbering and mining. In 1873 he returned to his native place and settled on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of Selectman of Charleston for one term. He takes great dtlight in fishing and hunting; is considered one of the best marksmen in his section of the country, and is also one of the most suc- cessful disciples of Izaak Walton who visit Moosehead Lake. In politics he is a Republican. In 1873 he mar- ried Eva A. Place, a native of Charleston, and is the father of two children, Alice J. and Elbridge B. In 1877 he was elected by his class to the State Legislature, where he served one term. Jacob Foss was born in New Hampshire in 1792. He married Abigail Foos, a native of the same State in 1831. He came to Penobscot county in 1831. He set- tled in Charleston in 1833, on the farm now owned by Job B. Foos. He was the father of twelve children, eight boys and four girls. Seven of the sons and one daughter are living: Job B., on the old homestead; Richard L., married Ann Dennis, and lives in Charles- ton ; Mary Jane, married William S. Place and lives in Charleston; John E., married Anna Huckins and lives in Charleston; Zebedee H., married Irene Nash and lives at Stillwater, Minnesota; Albert, married and also lives in Minnesota; Samuel W., married Statira Reed and lives in Charleston; James, lives in Charleston; Alexander, married Anna Thompson, and died in Charleston; Eliza- beth, married Alonzo Dunning and died in Charleston; Marion, married Elbridge Thompson and died in Charles- ton, and Ellen, married A. AV. King and lives in Charles- ton. He died in Charleston in 1879. His wife survives him. Franklin King was born in the town of Whitefield, in the year 1806. He married Mary Hurd, of Harmony, in 1830; came to Penobscot county in 1836, and first set- tled in Bradford, on the farm now owned by Hosea Hurd. He was a farmer, in which business he was en- gaged all his life; was a member and deacon of the Free- will Baptist church for many years; in politics was Repubhcan. He died in the town of Surry, of heart disease, in the year 1876. His wife died in Bradford, in 1873. He was the father of six children— Hiram F., died in California; Ansel \V., married Ellen S. Foss, lives in Charleston; Hosea J., married Nancy Croramett, lives in Charleston; Frank M., married Emma Smith, lives in Bradford; John L., lives in Charleston; and Eva M., married Dr. Frank Bickford, lives in the Indian Territory. Ansel W. King was born in the town of Wel- lington, in 1834; came to Penobscot county with his father, and settled in the town of Bradford, in 1836; re- ceived a common school education, and also attended the academies in Foxcroft, Corinth, and Hampden for several terms, where he received a more liberal educa- tiou. He followed school teaching for a few years, but gave it up and turned his attention to farming, in which business he is now engaged. In 1856 he went to Cali- fornia and engaged in minmg until i860, when he re- turned to his native place. He held the office of Select- man of Charleston for four years, and was Chairman of the Board during his- whole term. He has also been Supervisor of Schools for two years, and was commis- sioned Trial Justice of Penobscot county by Governor Chamberlain, and subsequently Governor Conner, which office he now holds. In poHtics he was formerly a Re- publican, but became a member of the Greenback party at its organization. He married Ellen S. Foss, of Charles- ton, in 1862, and is the father of four children — Wilber M. died in Bradford, Alice also died, Walter M. hves at home, and Fred W. William Peaks was born in Dedham, Hancock county, Maine, in 1843; came to Penobscot county, March 12, 1839, and settled in Charleston, on the farm now owned by Samuel Miller; was a millman by trade, and followed the business in connection with farming; in politics was a Jacksonian Democrat. He married Mrs. Betsy Fair- field, a native of Freedom, Waldo county. He died in Charleston in 1846; his wife died at the same place, in 1870. He was the father of seven children, five boys and two girls — J. F., married Mary J. Dennett, and died in Green, Iowa, 1878; J. B., married Jane Eaton of Ken- dall's Mills, Maine, and died at Charleston in 1867; William G., married Alice Porter, of Hudson, and lives in Lowell, Massachusetts; Thomas J., who married Rebecca Ring, of Deerfield, New Hampshire, lives in Charleston; Joseph B., who married Eliza Chadburn, and lives in Dover; Lucinda H., who married John B. Leach, and lives in the town of Penobscot; Elmira, who married Hiram Folsom, an(^ lives in Providence, Rhode Island, Thomas J. Peaks was born in the town of Dedham in 1834; came to Charleston with his father at the age of five years, and settled on the same fai m. He received his education in the common schools and the academy at Charleston; In 1851 he went to Lpwefl, MassachusetK, where he pursued the trade of millman, in which busi- ness he was engaged nine years. While in Lowell le married Rebecca Ring, in 1855. In i860 he returned to Charleston and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he is now. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Twenty-second Maine Infantry, and was elected by his company to the rank of Second Lieutenant. In the following year he was promoted to the rank of Fif'' Lieutenant. While in the service he took part in the battle of Irish Bend and the siege of Port Hudson. I" 1863 he was mustered out of service with his regiment, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 2.3 and returned to Charleston and resumed business as a merchant. He has held the offices of Selectman and Town Clerk of Charleston for one terra each, and in 1873 was elected Representative of his class, and served one term. In 1876 and 1877 he was elected State Senator. In 1870 he was appointed postmaster, under Johnson's administration, which office he still holds. In politics he is a Republican. He is the father of one child, Henry W., who lives at home. Levi Marshall was born in Monmouth, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1821. In 1854 he came to Penobscot county, and settled on the farm where he now lives. In 1850 he married Drusilla Stephens, a native of Corinth. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Repubhcan. He it the father of four children: Nellie A., lives at home; Emma L., who mar- ried. John S. Shedd, and lives in Charleston; Willis S., lives at home; and Annie P., also at home. Jefferson Stephens was born in Winthrop in 1805. He married Statira Snow, a native of Orrington, in 1823, came to Penobscot county in 1828, and settled on the farm now owned by Levi Marshall, in Charleston. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics was a Republican. His first s/ik died in Charleston in 1857. He married for his second wife Lydia T. Thissell, who died in Charleston in 1876. He died in 1872. He was the father of nine children: George S., married Pemelia M. King, and lives at South Framingham, Massachusetts; Drusilla, married Levi Mar- shall, and lives in Charleston; Betsey M.; Obed C; Jacquith, who died at Corinth; Daniel S., who died at the age of ten years, in Orrington; and Judah B., who died in Charleston at the age of sixteen; Levi, died of disease contracted in the late war ; James, who was a soldier in the regular army and died in service; Alexan- der, married Penial Either, and died in Charleston; and Hannah B., who lives in the old homestead. CHESTER. TOPOGRAPHY, ETC. Chester is one of the up-river towns, which has a tole- rably extensive area, but is not fully developed as yet, al- though it has a population quite respectable in point of numbers. It lies on the northwest side of the Penobscot, which here runs almost exactly from northeast to south- west, having Winn and Lincoln on the opposite side, Woodville Plantation on the north, with a strip of Town- ship No. 2, and a larger portion of the same township as its next neighbor on the west. The country westward and northwestward for many miles is still very much in wil- derness. Chester is thirty-five miles from Bangor, and twelve and one-half from the west line of the county. If the river ran past it in a straight course — it does pretty nearly so — the town would be a perfect triangle, with sides eleven and one-third miles long on the river, nine miles on the north boundary, and seven and one-half on the west. The town includes thus about 34 square miles, or 21,760 acres. A number of islands lie in the river opposite its shore, belonging to the reservation of the Penobscot Indians. The two largest, Hersey and Nathan Islands, are between the' Chester and Lincoln banks; -the Snow, Gordon, Brown, and Fire Islands, with six or eight smaller ones, are between Chester and Winn. The Penobscot receives from this town one petty tributary a little above the Fire Islands another opposite Brown Island, another near the head of Hersey Island, and the Medunkeunk Stream, a brook of some importance, nearly two miles from the southwest corner of the town. The Medunkeunk heads in Township A, west of Woodville, passes through Township 2, forming one good-sized lake on the way, enters Chester close to its northwest corner, receives the Trout Brook from Township 2 a mile and a quarter below, and two and a half miles from the mouth of the river is joined on the east side by Ebhors Stream, the two making a considera- ble pond at the place of meeting. The East and West Branches of the Ebhors rise in Woodville, and flow southward to the point of union in a pond on the north and south road through the town, where a saw- and shin- gle-mill has been located. These are all the waters of Chester. The four hundred people, more or less, of the popula- tion of the town, reside almost altogether on the river road and up the Medunkeunk. A small settlement is' formed on the north line of the town, near School No. 6, on the north and south road above mentioned. More than twelve miles of the river road lie in this town, and it ends, or. did end until recently, at the northeast corner of Chester. A mile and a quarter from the west town line, it forks, the two branches, however, remaining quite near together. School-house No. 7 is at their junction; School No. 2 on the same road, opposite Nathan's Island; School 284 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. No. 3 three and a lialf miles further up; and School No. 4 about three miles further, and two miles from the northeast corner of the town. Upon this road is also the post-office, above School No. 2, and opposite the resi- dence of Mr. Walter Haynes, Postmaster, is a small cemetery. Near the Medunkeunk Stream a short road connects the river-road with the river. On each side of the stream roads run to the junction of Ebhors and Me- dunkeunk, and thence a neighborhood road some two miles in length runs up on the west side of the latter. The only north and south road completely traversing the town is that before mentioned, which runs about midway of the town, passing the pond near the East and West Branches of the Ebhors, thence through Woodville, and for some miles up the Penobscot and the West Branch. A neighborhood road from this accommodates the settle- ment above School No. 6. The inhabitants of Chester have also ready access to the European & North American Railway at Lincoln, Lincoln Centre, South Winn, and Winn Stations. SETTLEMENT.* The sloping hillside of the right bank of the Penob.scot River, with its warm southern exposure, early attracted attention from above the ancient Nicatow to Piscataquis. As the left bank is rather in most instances a low, soft- wood shore, therefore the pioneers in the Valley of the Penobscot would locate on the western side in prefer- ence, and prior to the other side. But as the seats of business were afterwards located on the left bank, while the settlements on the right became mainly farming set- tlements, and tributary to the business of the other shore, they have hardly kept pace with them in population. Indeed, as in Mattamiscontis, opposite Lincoln, a once thriving village, it is almost entirely depopulated for more enterprising localities. The first settlement of Chester was almost contempo- rary with that on the other shore, Winn; and so rapid was its early progress that it had hardly any plantation exist- ence, but was incorporated as early as 1834, while many towns, incorporated not for a quarter of a century later, in the vicinity, have a population far exceeding Chester. Frink Stratton, the pioneer of Chester, came here from Albion, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1823, and made a clearing on the shore of the Penobscot, near where a small brook flows into the river at the foot of the highland lying opposite Winn village, and only about a quarter of a mile below that place. He was the first to start life in Chester, unless, indeed, the father of Columbus Dunn, who married a daughter of Joseph Snow, of Winn, had made a clearing a year before, where Jeremiah Hildreth located after, on what is now termed the Blood place, or the Henry Haynes or Chesley place ; but as this seems to be very uncertain, Mr. Stratton's brow must still be wreathed with the laurels of an early pioneer experience, a Christian, patriotic, and Quaker life, and which he still enjoys, at a ripe old age on the very clearing he started, although the wife who endured most of the pioneer life with him has some time smce gone to her eternal home. *By B. F. Feinald, Esq., of Winn. This clearing was also almost opposite that of Elijah Brackett, the first settler of upper Winn. Following this came settlers for farming and lumbering, and the settle- ment increased rapidly. In 1824 Moses Babcock made a clearing farther down the Penobscot, some two miles or so, on what is now occupied by the brothers Clukey, formerly the Luther Scott place. Then, within a year or two afterwards, came two other Babcocks, James and Jesse, the latter the father of James Babcock, of Lincoln county. Christopher Jack- ins also located soon after on what has since been known as the Jo Davis place, the first farm below the Brown schoolhouse, all within a mile and a half of Winn village. Jackins, Moses Babcock, and David Clindinen married daughters of John Gordon, who built the mill at Gordon Falls, years before, that Lo, the poor Indian, deemed so antagonistic to his peace to remain, and so burned down near 181 2. Some of the Babcocks went West and have died since, and, plentiful as they were once, there is not a Babcock in Chester, nor do I think a descendant. In 1824 John L, Charles, and Moses Brown, of Mont- ville, came to Chester, making the present Abe Brown farm and lumbering on what is now termed the Amos M. Roberts lots, clearing a piece of land close by the Penob- scot River, and lumbering on the land lymg back of it and in Woodville lying back of Chester. These families gave the name to the islands which lie from one half to two miles below Winn village, and they have ever since borne the name of the Brown Islands, being mostly of rich, luxurious soil and growth, two or three of which have, since 1878-79, been leased from the Indians and cleared up mostly by George S. Ranney, of Winn, who lives close by. Within five years after the advent of Stratton many others came here to live. But here the writer cannot but note the rapidity of forest growth as evidenced by the Roberts lots, which, stripped largely in 1825 and there- abouts, were, in half a century afterwards, heavy with a growth of lumber, and considered very valuable. Since then they have been sold and largely stripped of timber, while fire, with devastating fury, has spent its force thereon. Previous to 1829, when the Military Road was built, communication with the outer world was difficult, and and lumbermen and traders would bring up with labored costly effort in the late fall a scow-load of supplies, leaving the greater part of the goods to be transported by horses or oxen on the ice of the Penobscot in the winters. When Stratton came to Chester there were but seven houses between Piscataquis Falls and Houlton. In 1824 James Tabor, while working out logs, was drowned. In 1828 Samuel Brown came from Albion also, and located just below Stratton's, buying the field where are Brown's pleasant farm buildings and the residence of his son Abraham Brown, long a pilot on the Penobscot River, when boating was the business of this section and the steamboat was one of the links of civilization Snd business at Bangor and the military frontier of Houlton, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 285 THE SURVEY. The town was lotted with long, narrow lots on the river, where the settlers built on the main running along the river, while a very large section of the back part of the town was laid out in mile squares. From some cause Chester was a long, rather narrow township, lying opposite both Winn and Lincoln, and but little more than the main river road was built or occupied till the Woodville road led to the water-power on the Ebhors, and more recent roads developing the fertile mile squares on the Medunkeunk Stream, at the very lower and eastern limit of the town. LATER SETTLEMENTS. The settling of the lower end of the town was com- menced a little later, but proceeded quite as fast as up- per Chester, becoming, on account of the better soil, the most prosperous part of the town. In 1825 Ben Walton commenced a farm on the Willis Hamilton placce. James Lindsays came from Dover, New Hampshire, and made a clearing, and built a place where now A. J. Heald has a first-rate farm and farm buildings, almost op- posite Lincoln Centre, about 1825. Jerry Bartlett came in 1826 and made a clearing on thS present Goodwin Ireland place, near the shore of the Penobscot and near the mouth of the Medway Road. Living with Ben Walton, an old man, was John Weston, from Hebron, Maine. None of those above have any descendants in Chester now, but several sons of Weston are residing in the vicinity of Molunkus, Aroos- took county. James Lindsay, above referred to, first buih a hotel, and with John and George Lindsay also traded very near where Lovitt's house now stands, nearly opposite to Lincoln Centre. The Lindsay first went to what is known as the Webber mill on the Cambelasse Stream in the upper part .of Lincoln, building a dam and starting a mill there, but sold out to Mr. Bemis, and went over to Chester. The mill property has since worked up a large amount of lumber in a very good timbered region, enriching the owners. In 1827 Edward Beathan came from Pittston, and first located at the very extreme lower end of the town, but afterwards settled just above the Ireland place at the well known Beathan ferry. His son Nat and de, scendants are still in Chester. In 1825-26 Rice, of Bangor, and Prescott, of Boston, built a saw-mill and grist-mill on the Medunkeunk Stream, about a mile and one-half from Lincoln Centre, near where Hatch now lives, and John Pratt built a shingle-mill near by soon after. John Boobar made a clearing at Medunkeunk Stream in 1829. Walter Haynes went from Dover, Maine, in 1825, and for four years worked on Medunkeunk Stream and vicinity until 1829, when he started a clearing near where .James Wy- man has since made a farm, but in 1834 he removed to the place where he now lives, building a large set of buildings in time. His first location was down toward the river, and the old cellar hole may yet be seen. Mr. Haynes eventually did much for the development of this locality, as in 1840, he built a mill and dam on the Eber Horse, or Eb Horse, or Ebhors Stream, a brook rising in Woodville, flowing into Chester, and tributary to the Medunkeunk Stream. This, in 1843, was burned down, and again in that year rebuilt. It had then been sold to William R. Hersey, who, with his cousin. General S. F. Heisey, afterwards member of Congress for the Fourth Maine Congressional District, were in trade at Lincoln Centre. S. F. Hersey had removed to Bangor, and William R. made a farm a short distance above Lincoln Centre. Afterwards there had been a mill-dam built down by the road, and in 1853 Haynes bought out Hersey, the mill was torn down, and Hersey rebuilt. Saw-mills on that stream have been burnt down some four or five times. THE PROFESSIONS IN CHESTER. In 1 83 1 Dr. Thomas Lindsay, a brother of John, George, and James, came to Chester township with his son Thomas, also a physician, and engaged in the prac- tice of medicine. Here they remained some three or four years or more. The young man died soon after, and the old doctor removed to Lincoln below the village. Here he died some time since. None of his descend- ants live in Chester, though a few are still living in Lin- coln. These have been the only doctors hving in Chester. There has been no lawyer, although George H. Wyman has resided there with his father, James Wy- man ; and of the ministry Rev. S. Besse has resided in Chester for the last decade, though the church where he holds service (the Baptist), is at Lincoln Centre. CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. Under the preaching of Elder Lewis, and later of Elder Jones, a church was early formed in Chester — as early as 1831 or 1832. Contemporary with religion was education, and in 1831 a school-house was built on one of the Roberts lots near Mr. Kyles's, which is the upper district in town. Afterwards one was built where the Mattamiscontis and Wyman roads separate near the Medunkeunk Stream, near Sylvanus Hatch's; then a house near the Chesleys. New houses have since been built on the two lots, the latter known as the Blood school-house, and the fourth house was built just below Walter Haynes's, which is yet standing. Two other districts cover the school territory of the town — that is the Tash neighborhood, on the Medunke- unk brook, among the mile-square lots and the east or Nash mill on Temple Ireland neighborhood, where, in 1832, near the very edge of the town and Woodville, Temple Ireland, removing from Starks, took up a large tract of land. He died but a few years since, but his widow, a bright, girlish looking, but quite old lady, still survives him, living in the old house built years ago with plain, homehke aspect, and most of her sons and daughters living about her. A TRAGEDY. Here an incident is related by a daughter as one of her fixers of time, when in their first experiences. One j86 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Otis, who boarded with her father, came home one night much the worse for liquor, and was ordered by him to sit over on the other side of the fire in the big logging camp and pioneer's home, and not to bother the cook, when seizing a knife, he made a plunge at Ireland to cut his throat; but by a quick movement Ireland escaped with but a slight scratch in his arm, while Otis was cap- tured and soon after imprisoned. A Mr. Miller, of Portland, whose brother, William H., lived in Howland, and owned considerable property about Piscatiquis Falls, then owned most of the township of Chester, excepting the few locations where parties had bought farms and several lots of land. Joshua Carpen- ter owned several lots. MORE OF THE SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT. In 1827-28 the Township No. i. Range eight, after- wards Chester, was lotted and surveyed by George , H. Moore, and he seemed to divine that the back part of the town needed not to be cut into small lots for farming pur- poses as the front, by leaving them in large lots, while the front was made into long strips with a river frontage of about sixty or seventy rods. In that year also came S. Warren Coombs,, a brother of Mrs. Frank Stratton, from Albion, a carpenter and land surveyor, who taught several schools in town. He at once built a large num- ber of houses in town — one the Abe Brown residence. He held office for several years in various capacities after the town was incorporated, and afterwards, in 1837, re- moved to Mattawamkeag, having married a daughter of Mr. Jenkins and granddaughter of John Gordon, the mill builder, where he now lives, largely employed in land and lumber surveying. In 1827 Daviil Bunker came from Canaan, not the promised land, but from Somerset county, Maine, and located in Chester where I think Mr. Copeland had made a clearing on what has since been known as the Twombly and Talbot place, nearly opposite where he now resides in Winn. Here he resided till 1832, when he engaged in dam and mill building in Mattawamkeag and business in other localities, and afterwards returned to Chester, where he held many offices. He afterwards removed to Winn, where he now resides on a pleasant farm on Bunker Hill, with pleasant surroundings, a re- markably healthy looking man for one so well advanced in years. His wife, a daughter of James Scott, a pio- neer of Chester, Aunt Phebe, as she was called, died in 1881. Bunker first built the house where William Scott now lives, having married a sister of his, and as he was build- ing at the time the Military Road was in process of con- struction through Winn, Richard Libby, who had a con- tract of a mile or so on the road, went across the Penob- scot to help raise the house with his crew of road builders. Libby afterwards kept a hotel in Mattawamkeag. In 1827, and perhaps previous, Samuel Chester came to Chester from Chester, New Hampshire, and gave the name to the town, where he resided many years, after- wards building a large two-story house about midway the length of the town, kept a hotel, started large orchards, became an active business man, holding many offices in the town and being Representative. Freeman Crocker was an early pioneer in Chester where the Wymans long since built up old and good farms and old-fashioned, homelike houses. The Crockets have several descendants now in Lincoln. Lee and Freeman seem to be favorite names with them. The Wymans — William, James, and Robert — came from Orono and started orchards and good farms on rather a high point of land nearly opposite Lincoln Village Indian Island, or Mattawamcook, lying between, on which are several Indian families, and the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of the Penobscots usually has his seat of empire here. Penuel Shuraway and son-inlaw, Ira Pitman moving planets, settled on the lower Roberts lot where the Brown school-house now stands, or rather near the shore, and his name. is immortalized in Shumway Cove, near by in the Penobscot River. They afterwards made settlements in Winn, near by, and also in Matta- warnkeag, afterwards removing to Minnesota, where but a few years since death set at rest his migratory tenden- cies for the last time, unless religious theory otherwise instructs. James Scott was an early settler in Chester, and his sons, William, Moses, and Luther, still reside in Chester, and also several of their descendants. Most early went to Woodville. William still resides at the old place. Moses and Luther are on the Babcock and other of the oldest farms in Chester. Luther removed to King- man. Most of them have large families, and nearly all have the Scott characteristics. ORGANIZATION, ETC. On February 26, 1834, an act of incorporation of Chester was passed by the Legislature at the time of the Governorship of Robert P. Dunlap, and on March 29, 1834, the inhabitants of Township i, Range 8 met at the house of Jeremiah Hildreth, nearly midway of the town, on the warrant of Gideon J. Newton, Justice of the Peace of Chester, directed to David Haynes, the father of Alvin, of Winn, afterwards prominent in county offices and mail agent, and first mail carrier from Houl- ton to Bangor. The officers chosen were: Samuel Chesley, Moderator; John M. Lindsay, Clerk; Samuel Chesley, John M. Lindsay, and Alva Chesley, Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor; Dowd Haynes, Constable and Collector; Samuel Chesley, Treasurer. ■ April 21 a voters' meeting was called at the Bartlett House and the Selectmen were made School Committee; four school districts were formed. One hundred and twenty-five dollars was raised for town expenses, includ- ing support of the poor, and the then generous sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for support of schools, five hundred dollars for roads, and voted to accept the road as laid out by the Selectmen, three rods wide. It was also voted to have this road opened in three years from June, 1834. This road was some nine and a quarter miles in length, and extended nearly the whole length of the town. This twenty-second article was voted not to authorize the licensing of persons to sell wine, rum, and other spirituous liquors, to be drunk in their stores or shops. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 287 The school districts were: No. i, to include 3-12, in- clusive of back lots 24 and 25, also i, 2, 9, 10, 16, 17, 21, and 22; No. 2 was 14-25 inclusive, and back lots 3, II, 18, 19, and 23; No. 3. was 26-37 inclusive, and back lots s, 6, 13, 14, and 20; No. 4, 38-50, and hack lots 7, 8, and 15. At the fall election, at the Bartlett house, the votes were; For Governor, Peleg Sprague 10, Robert Dunlap 21 ; Representative to Congress, Ed- ward Kent 10, Gorham Parks 21; and the same through- out for Pierce and Rice, Bartlett and Fish, Taylor and Bradley, Carter and Carpenter, while the amendment to the Constitution stood: yeas, 18; nays, i. On the 29th day of September, 1834, the inhabitants met at the house of Edward Beathan to attend to the jury-box, and to ac- cept alterations in the main road, and to see what the town would do to assist the Irelands to a road. At that meeting S. Warren Coombs was chosen Collector, at seven cents on the dollar, and Edmund Watson, Alvah Chesley, and Frink Stratton were accepted as jurymen, . and that the Irelands expend their own road money on their own road to get to the main road. The following March the inhabitants met at the house of Samuel Chesley. Though only one year a town, they had become suspicious, and chose an Investigating Com- mittee to investigate the affairs of the town, and Edmund Watson, Samuel Chesley, and Jason Weston were chosen. That year there was a sad fall in school money raised, being only seventy-five dollars. But five hundred dollars was raised for roads, and five hundred dollars for town expenses and poor, and Rachel Oaks, one of the poor, was struck off to the lowest bidder, Samuel White, at one dollar and a half per week. But a better considera- tion was had for the schools, and instead of seventy-five dollars two hundred dollars were raised. In June, 1835, several marriages were intended, as ap- pears by the records. In the fall of 1825 it appears only one side voted, as Dunlap for Governor had but ten votes, and so with all the candidates of that party, with not a vote on the other side. The marriage of William Wynson and Mary B. Adams, of Linden, December 8, 1833, seems to be the first mar- riage recorded in Chester, by Samuel Chesley, Justice of the Peace, while David Haines married Stephen Haines, of Chester, to Rhoda Wheeler, of Molunkus, July 5, 1835; and James Pond, of Swansville, and Nancy Beathan, of Chester, August 16, 1835, as the records state. In 1836 the votes at election seem to have been much reduced, being Dunlap thirteen, Kent five. The place of meeting then varied from the house of Samuel Ches- ley to that of Andrew Spencer, but during all their ani- mosities they were true to the schools, raising two hun- dred and fifty dollars each year. May 2, 1837, they held a town meeting to dispose of the public money or surplus revenue from the State, the money being in the hands of Jeremy Nelson, and hav- ing given every man, woman, and child a share, they felt so happy they voted to dissolve the meeting without day. In the election of 1837, Kent, for Governor, had twenty votes, and Gorham Parks seventeen, with others at same rate, and increase of six votes over the previous year. At the election in i"838 Edward Kent had twenty- six votes, and John Fairfield eighteen votes. In that year Samuel Chesley was candidate for the Legislature, and had twenty-four votes. In 1840 they tired of the responsibilities of a town, and chose W. R. Miller as agent to go to Augusta to get the act of incorporation repealed, and Samuel Chesley agent to instruct Miller, but did not succeed. In 1844, ten years after incorpora- tion, the vote was twenty-six and twenty-two, and the same in 1848. The memory of man or woman I find runneth not to tell of the first birth, death, or marriage in Chester, and the records of Chester, although in black and white, do not distinguish those to the manner born and those from foreign soil. But one post-office has been established in Chester, supphed by the mail-route from Lincoln Centre to Med- way, Walter Haynes being postmaster most of the time. REMARKS. Not much more can be said of Chester. It is a quiet farming town, all pursuing the even tenor of their way, devoting themselves to farming and a httie lumbering. Several good farms attract attention. John W. Coombs, near Winn, and Abram B. Brown have good, well-kept farms. George Henry Haynes, on the old Chesley place; the sons of Andrew Fleming, Wells Carper, near the centre of the town ; A. J. Heald, Rev. S. Besse, the Wymans, and several others near the southean extremity of the town, all have good farms. Several good-sized orchards are to be found in town, notably that of G. H. Haynes. In 1850 William R. Hersey traded his mill on the Ebhors Stream, and the Scotts have traded it since. Communication is had with the eastern side of the river by ferry at Lincoln Centre, kept by Lovetts and William Scott; by ferry of Ziba Burrill, near the Winn and Lincoln line, and by Moses Scott's ferry, coming out at Este's mill, in Winn, about two and a half miles below Winn village. A bridge has been talked of across the Penobscot at Winn village, but it is hardly likely to succeed for several years at any rate. A new road was laid out in 1881 nearly opposite Winn village, accommodating new settlers in Woodville and those on the county road. On its completion, a ferry will probably be established, running over to Winn village. Politically, Chester has always been strongly Repub- hcan, although the Greenback party captured many in its greatest force. The first church — Free-will Baptist — was organized at John O. Kyle's in 183 1, with about fifty members. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. Samuel Chesley, Esq., one of the early settlers of the county, was born in Paris, Maine, October 31, 1788. He received a common town school and academic edu- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE cation, and resided in Paris until he moved with his fam- ily to that part of Penobscot county then Township No. 3, now the town of Chester. He came to look for land in 1825, and selected lots Nos. 29 and 30 for a farm, upon which he moved his family in January, 1826. The river was the public road, and this entire region was com- paratively a wilderness. He was married March 26, 18 14, to Miss Martha Perry, of Paris, who was born November 27, 1791, and died June 23, 1859. Her father, Asa Perry, one of the early settlers of Paris, was formerly ot Bridgewater, Massachusetts; her mother was from Taunton, Massachusetts. They first setded on a farm in Paris, where they had five children, viz: Samuel H., of Fort Fairfield, Maine; Addison P., of Minneapolis, Minnesota; Martha J. (Mrs. N. Crockett), deceased; B. Franklin, deceased, and C. Columbus, of Mattawam- keag. After their removal to this county they had five more children: Mary A. (Mrs. Alvin Haynos, 2d), of Lincoln; N. Lincoln, of Milford; Albion P., of Lincoln; Cynthia (Mrs. R. Wyman), of Winn, and Louisa (Mrs. E. Babcock), of Lincoln. Franklin, a member of Com- pany G, Twenty-second Regiment Maine Volunteers, died at Franklin City, Louisiana, May 3, 1862. Samuel was the son of Nicholas Chesley, one of the first settlers of Paris, but formerly of New Hampshire. He had five brothers and three sisters, viz: Benjamin, deceased; Nicholas, deceased; Jonathan, deceased; David, de- ceased; William, deceased ; Sarah (Mrs. D. Farrar), de- ceased, Betsey (Mrs. J. Dinsamore), deceased; Char- lotte (Mrs. A. White), of Dixfield, Maine, only survivor. Jonathan, a graduate of Bowdoin College, was for many years a school teacher, but afterwards studied law. He died m Saco, Maine, about the time he was to begin its practice. Samuel, the pioneer, died October 19, 1869, in Chester. To his efforts was the town largely indebted for its incorporation, and he held one or more of its mu- nicipal officers during the most of his residence there. He also served as a Reprrsentative in the State Legisla- ture. He was .a prominent Justice of the Peace, and possessed a judicial mind, with an uncommon share of legal attainments; though but a plain farmer and lumber- man, his counsel was often sought in legal questions, and he was more than a match for common cases. Posses- sing a comprehensive intelligence, connected with a sound and cautious judgment, he was placed higher in the estimation of an intelligent public than is the com- mon lot of man He shared the privations, struggles, and toils of a pioneer life, and maintained his integrity of character to the last, sharing in part the fruition of his labors. Mr. Walter Haynes, who first came to Chester in 1825, and settled here in 1829, is a son of Walter and Eleanor Haynes (nee Craig), of Readfield. Walter and Eleanor Haynes had ten children, of whom Walter is the oldest. He was born March 14, 1804, and lived for a few years in Foxcroft, where he followed the milling business. He came to Chester and settled when he was twenty-six years old. He cleared the place where he lives from the standing trees, and now has a good farm on the bank of the Penobscot River. He married Lydia Carlton, daughter of Daniel Carlton, of Foxcroft This couple have had nine children — Charles, of Minnesota; Walter, also in Minnesota; Daniel, of Winn; Lydia A, widow of Sullivan Keen; Langdon, of Montana; Hiram, deceased; Lovina, deceased; Henry, of Chester; Elvira, wife of Cyrus Smith, of Chestei; Converse, of Lincoln Centre; Cynthia, wife ol Frank Jenkins, of Danforth, Maine; Martin, of Chester. Mr. Haynes has held many of the prominent town offices, and has been postmaster for over twenty-years. He is well known as one of the oldest settlers aud leading men in Chester. Mr. George H. Haynes, a son of Walter Haynes, whose biography appears in this work, was born June 2, 1842, in the town of Chester. He has always lived on a farm. In 1861 he married Ada Heald, daughter of Andrew J. and Mary Heald. He first settled in Lin- coln, where he lived two years. He moved to Chester from Lincoln in 1865 and settled on what is known as the Bunker farm, where he lived two years, when he bought one-half of Mr. Heald's farm and lived there about one and a half years. In 1870 he bought the farm where he now lives, in what is known as the Chesley neighborhood. Here he owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land, and is a successful farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Haynes have six children — Elmer E., Charles C, Josie M., Agnes, Henry H., and the baby not named. Mr. Haynes has held his position as Selectman for twelve years almost consecutively. He has also been Town Treasurer of Chester. These positions show that he is held in high esteem as a business man by his towns- men. One of the first settlers in Chester before the town was incorporated was Mrs. Paul Stratton, who came here from Albion, Kennebec county, in 1831. At that time there were very few settlers here. He was then married to Sarah A. Frazier, and had four children. He settled on the place where Mr. William Stratton now lives, and spent the remainder of his life here following the busi- ness of farming. Mr. and Mrs. Stratton had ten children, viz: Mary, wife of George Robertson; Eliza, now Mrs. Josiah Snow; William A.; Lewis F., now in Ban- gor; Jane, now Mrs. James Snow; Eunice S., wife of James P. Crowell, of Orono; George H., now of Minne- sota; Ellen D., now Mrs. Otis T. Hooper, of Boston; Martha C, wife of William Jewell, of Gorham, New Hampshire, and Guilford D., of Mattawamkeag. It is quite a remarkable fact that all of this large famil^ are still living. Mrs. Stratton died in April, 1879. M''' Stratton is slill living, being eighty-four years old. William Stratton was born in St. John, New Brunswick, Septembers, 1827. He came here with his father and on becoming of age settled in Winn. He lived in Winn nine years, then moved back to Chester, where he has since lived, engaged in farming and lumbering. He married Miss Julia H. Snow, daughter of Israel H. and Sarah H. Snow, of Bangor. They have had eight chil- dren, viz: Fred W., Ida M., deceased; Paul, Henry H., Everett B., Sarah A., Charles A., and the baby which died in infancy. Abram B. Brown is a son of Samuel G. and Mary VV. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 289 Brown (nee Mary Coombs) of Albion, Kennebec county. Mr. Brown was a native of New Hamp;hire, and Mrs. Brown was a native of Islesboro. They had thirteen children, seven of whom grew to maturity, viz: Lydia C., now Mrs. Jonathan Oilman, of Bangor; Lois B., wife of Jeremiah D. Webber, of Winn; Abbie M., now Mrs. Nicholas H. Huston, of Winn; Abram S. Warren, de- ceased; Lindley H., deceased; Clarissa J., deceased. Mr. Brown followed the business of farming, but held prominent town offices during his life. He died in January, 1872; Mrs. Brown died in 1870. Abram Brown was born November 5, 1827, in Albion. He came to Chester with his parents when a child, and has ever since lived here. He married Miss Ellen Rich, daughter of Robert and Martha Rich, of Mattawamkeag. They have five children, viz: Lida, Oilman B., Willie W., Edith, and Harriet C. Mr. Brown owns a good farm on the river in Chester. He formerly was a pilot on the river. He has served as Selectman and Overseer for over eighteen years, which speaks well for his ability as a business man. Mrs. Brown died February 9, 1879. Mr. John W. Coombs, of Chester, is a son of Jona- than and Ann Coombs, nee Ann Monroe, of Albion, Kennebec county. They came from Albion and settled in Winn in 1843. They had seven children, five of whom grew to maturity, viz: Angeline, now Mrs. Wil- liam Bryant, of Passadurakeag; John W., Joseph, de- ceased; Franklin, of Winn; Harrison, also of Winn; and two died in infancy. Mr. Coombs always followed farming for a business. He died July i, 1876. Mrs. Coombs is still living on the old homestead. John W. Coombs was born October 21, 1832; on becoming of age he married Harriet B. Stratton, of Chester, and settled where he now lives, just opposite Winn, in Ches- ter. He cleared up the farm, and now has a hundred acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Coombs have no children, but are bringing up two adopted children. Mr. Coombs has generally followed farming, though he was formerly a pilot on the river here. Mr. Coombs has not been engaged in public life to any extent. Mr. S. Besse, of Chester, is a son of John and Betsey 37 Besse, nee Betsey Tripp, who were from Massachusetts. They had fourteen children, of whom Mr. S. Besse was the sixth. He was born in Paris, Maine, June 25, 1815. He spent his early life on a farm, and on coming of age he attended school for several years, not having had an opportunity to get an education earlier in life. After attending school at Hebron Academy he settled in Lin- coln, where he lived twenty-five years. He was all this time, or nearly so, the pastor of the Baptist church. On account of failing health he retired to the farm where he now lives, in Chester, in 1870. While in Lincoln he was a member of the School Board for ten or fifteen consecutive years. Mr. Besse now owns a good farm in Chester, about three-fourths of a mile from Lincoln Centre. He is and has for years been one of the pro- nounced temperance men of this region. Since his removal to Chester he has been one of the Selectmen, or Town Treasurer, or School Committeeman, almost every year. In 1877 or 1878 he represented the District com- posed of Lincoln, Patten, and other towns in the Legis- lature. He is a man that is well known and highly es- teemed, as his public record shows. STATISTICS, ETC. Chester had 277 inhabitants in 1840, 340 in 1850, 318 in i860, 350 in 1870, and 362 in 1880. Its period of retrogression, it will be observed, was between 1850 and i860, since when it has not only held its own, but made some advance in point of population. The voters in Chester numbered 73 in i860, 75 in 1870, and 97 in 1880. The increase by thirty per cent during the last decade is quite noticeable. Valuation of estates: i860, $27,902; 1870, $47,103; 1880, $42,760. The following named were the town ofificers in 1880; G. Henry Haynes, A. B. Brown, Sylvester Besse, Select- men; William A. Scott, Town Clerk; A. L. Chandler, Treasurer; J. D. Kyle, School Supervisor; A. L. Chand- ler, James W. Wyman, Constables ; George H. Haynes, George H. Hathorn (quorum), Justices. CLIFTON. Clifton was formerly known as Jarvis's Gore, and is described in the act of the General Court of Massachu- setts, creating the county of Penobscot, as " The Gore east of Brewer." Notwithstanding these designations, the town, as it now lies, has but partial resemblance to a gore. About two-thirds of its length and breadth, in the central and southern parts, has rather the shape of a parallelogram, while the northern part narrows from the westward during but little more than half its width, and is bounded on the north by a nearly east and west line. This boundary, however, is but two and one-fourth miles long. Beyond it lies Bradley. The angling or gore line on the northwest, four and one-half miles long, also separates Clifton from Bradley, and, for a short dis- tance on the extreme southwest end of it, from Edding- ton. The west line is three and three-fourths miles long, and also lies between Eddington and Clifton. The south limit is five and one-fourth miles long, and beyond it lies the town of Otis, in Hancock county. The east line of Clifton is unbroken, and is the longest boundary of all, being seven miles in length. Upon parts of each of the confines, save the north, lie small lakes or ponds — Hopkins upon the eastern. Spectacle and Burnt upon the southern, Fitts and Nichols upon the western and northwestern. The town is ten and one-third miles dis- tant from Bangor, upon a line nearly due east and west between the two towns. As already intimated, there is a great deal of water in and about Clifton. The largest sheet that enters it is Nichols Pond, in the northwest. This lies mostly in Bradley, but partly in Eddington, and reaches Clifton only by two small bays, covering about one hundred and sixty acres. Into the northernmost of these, close to the town line, flows a' short creek, formed half a mile eastward by the union of the Mill Stream, flowing from the Parks Pond, near the centre of the town, a sheet two-thirds of a mile long by three-eighths broad, and covering one hundred and forty acres, and the Trout Brook, which rises just south of Eagle Mountain, and receives*the small tributaries from the southward on its way. The other bay in Clifton also receives a small af- fluent, which heads at the foot of Bald Mountain. An- other brook, flowing from Davis Pond to the south bay of Nichols Pond, just in the edge of Eddington, courses through a short arc in Clifton. Immediately at its en- trance into the town it is joined by the outlet of Snow Shoe Pond, a small lake of thirty acres, also near the town line, a little southwest of Bald Mountain. This outlet runs for about half a mile in Clifton, then for a mile or less in Eddington, and finally for another half- mile near the town line to the junction with the outlet of Davis Pond. Near the southwest corner of the town is Fitts Pond, one and one-eighth miles long by three- eighths broad in its widest part, with a rivulet at the head, coming in from the west of Snow Shoe Pond. A hundred rods east of the middle of Fitts is Little Burnt Pond, half a mile north of Burnt Pond (sixty acres), which lies mostly in Hancock county, and with which its little sister is connected by a narrow outlet. Nearly two miles east of these is Spectacle Pond, a long, narrow lake of one hundred acres, also reaching into Otis, but with about a mile of its length in Clifton. It also has a short headwater, with a very little lake upon it. Hopkins Pond, in -the southeast of the town, lies mostly in Han- cock county, but has about half a square mile (three hundred and forty acres) of surface In Penobscot, with a small tributary lying wholly in Clifton, and rising near the corner of the town. The enumeration of lakes is completed with the mention of Owl's Pond, a small one near Eagle Mountain, with a petty headwater from the southeast and a short outlet into Parks Pond; and of Cranberry Pond, which contains forty acres. Some smaller ponds, however, give life and beauty to the scenery, and furnish some power for mills. The north ■ part or "gore" of the town contains no ponds except small portions of Parks and Nichols; but is amply watered by the Bradbury Brook Branch, which itself di- vides into two branches, one on each side of Little Peaked Mountain, and joins a small branch near the north line, whence it flows into Bradley, as the Great Works Stream, intersecting that town throughout. The incidental mention already of so many "moun- tains" leads easily to the remark that much of the sur- face of Clifton is broken, and parts of it quite abruptly . hilly, making, with the ponds, its scenery decidedly varied and picturesque. The town derives its name, in- deed, from the cliffy character of several -of the larger hills. On the west side, about two-thirds of a mile from the boundary and half-way down the town from the end. ing of the gore, is Bald Mountain, whose very name par- tially describes and identifies it. Three miles north of east from it, near Owl's Pond, is Eagle Mountain. A lit- tle more than a mile north of this is another eminence of respectable height, and half a mile northeast of it is the well-known Little Peaked Mountain, a prominent object in the landscape, whose height has been ascertained by President Fernald, of the State College, by trigonomet- rical measurement to be 1,125 f^et. About the same distance south of east from it, and on the east town line, is a rather long elevation known as the Peaked Moun- tain. Many subordinate heights, which need not be re- capitulated here, appear at other points in the town. The HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 291 famous Black Cap Mountain lies just outside the town, in the border of Eddington, abreast of Fitts Pond. Notwithstanding the occupation of some space by these mountains and lakes, there is still abundant area left for cultivation and other industry; and the beginnings of numerous and prosperous settlement have been well made in Clifton. Most of it, so far, rests along the road which comes from the river road on the Penobscot, at Eddington's Bend, runs through Eddington to Davis Pond, and there makes an angle to the northeastward into Clifton, through which it runs in the same general direction to its exit into Hancock county, between the Bradbury Brook Branch and Peaked Mountain. This is the stage road from Eddington to Amherst, in the lat- ter county. Residences are quite thickly scattered along the six or seven miles of the river road in Clifton. Upon it are public school-houses, one mile from the west town line, at the road junction near Parks Pond (No. 2), and at another union of roads somewhat northwest of Little Peaked Mountain (No. i). The highway coming in here is a neighborhood route of near two miles' length, with a short side road to Peak Mountain. The road which comes in west of Parks Pond, at School No. 2, is a through cross-road, connecting the first with the road of second importance in the town. It leaves the principal wagon-route at the Penney Store, near the crossing of Trout Brook, where the only post-office as yet in the town is kept, and runs in a general southeasterly direc- tion to a point three-fourths of a mile from the southeast corner of the town, where it passes into Hancock county. Upon this is School No. 5, a mile east of Spectacle Pond; the locality known as Owl's Head, whence a trail runs to Spectacle Pond; a cemetery directly above the junction of the cross-road aforesaid; School No. 4 a third of a mile above that; the hall of the Independent Order of Good Templars half a mile beyond that, and at no great distance the store and post-office already mentioned at the junction with the main road. North of this latter highway there is yet no road of importance in the town. The nearest railroad is the Bangor and Bucksport Nar- row-guage, along the river in Eddington. , At places upon tne surface of Clifton, there are huge granite boulders and large pudding-stones and conglom- erate rocks, some of them containing a thousand cubic feet or more. Occasionally a shell-rock is also found. The area of the town is about 20,150 acres. . The first clearings in this town were made in 181 2, by Messrs. Benjamin and Israel Barnes. Benjamin Penney and his family came in 1816. Their descendants still reside in considerable number in the town, and several of them, as will be seen below, are among its public offi- cers. Among the early settlers were also Ebenezer Davis and Mr. Parks. This tract took the early name of Jarvis's Gore, from an original owner; but, when it came to be incorporated, August 7, 1848, it took the name of Maine, soon subse- quently becoming Clifton, as a more musical and appro- priate designation. . Jarvis's Gore, which must then have included more than the present Clifton, which was not yet settled, had 50 inhabitants in iSio. The population had nearly tripled in 1820, when it was 139. We have no reports for the next two decades; but in 1850, two years after it had become Maine or Clifton, the population was 306. In i860 it was 307, in 1870 348, and in 1880 350. It has thus increased, while other towns have fallen off. The number of polls reported from Jarvis's Gore in 1820 was 20. In i860 the number had risen to 66; in 1870 to 88, and in 1880 to 98. The valuation of estates in these years, respectively, was $5,790, $36,529, $58,752, and $+4,259- The people of Clifton are engaged to some extent in lumbering and the manufacture of long and short lumber; but the chief industry is still agriculture. The farms produce hay, grain, potatoes, and other crops, in considerable quantities. One general store is kept, and one establishment for millinery and fancy goods. Churches have been built in the town for Calvinistic Baptist, Free Baptist, and Christian societies; but the Free Baptist is the only one now supplied with a pastor. The Rev. Benjamin Penney, of the old pioneer family, ministers to this. He is also, we believe, postmaster at the only post-office as yet in the town. There are five school-houses, and as many district schools, in Clifton. The Clifton Lodge, No. 48, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized December 20, 1877. It meets on. Saturday evenings. OFFICERS FOR 1880. John B. Rooks, D. W. Leonard, W. H. Parks, Select- men; Daniel Scott, Jr., Town Clerk; E. J. Penney, Treas- urer; M. F. Chick, School Supervisor; E. D. Penney, Constable; R. G. Chick, Moose Warden; E. Chick (Quorum); John B. Rooks, (Trial) Justices. It is noticeable that this town, although little more than ten miles from Bangor, still has a Moose Warden. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. The father of Benjamin Penney was born in the town of Wells, county of York, Maine, in 1788. When a youth he went to Shapleigh, where he lived until his married, when he moved to Amherst, and from there to Eddington. In 1816 he moved to Jarvis's Gore, now Clifton, where he died in 1877, at the age of ninety-two years. He was by occupation a farmer and lumberman. His wife was Meribah Chick, born in Shapleigh in 1781. After marriage they removed to Jarvis's Gore, now Clif- ton, where she died in 1858, aged seventy-seven. Ben- jamin was the seventh child in the family, and was the first child born in Clifton, in 1818. Other children were Susan, who married Ebenezer Davis, by whom she had two children, and after his death she married Mr. Wood- bury, of Eddington; Joseph married Louisa Moore, and has seven children; Abigail married Thomas Graves, and is the mother of nine children; J. Calvin married Dorcas Davis, and died leaving eight children; Jarvis S. married Louisa Ames, and has five children; Esther married Wil- liam Graves, and has three children; P. G. Penny mar- 292 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ried Susan Fox, and has seven children; Luther married Lydia Parks, and has two children; Abram C. married Francis A. Campbell, and has seven children. Ben- jamin Penny while a youth followed farming, and since marriage he has been engaged in lumbering, milling, mercantile business, and farming. He was married to Olive H. Smith in 1839, and by this union had three children — Maribah, married Thomas Debeck, and died leaving one child, who lives with Mr. Penny; Benjamin W., died unmarried, and Evea S., who remains single. The father of Mrs. Penny was James Smith, and her Jerusha Moore. Mr. Penny has during his life held all the town offices, and was Postmaster nine years. He was formerly a Republican, but for the past two years has been a Greenbacker. For twenty-eight years he has been a clergyman in the Freewill Baptist Church. Joseph Penny was born in the town of Shapleigh, York county, Maine. When about two years of age he accompanied his parents to F^ddington, and after a few years' residence to Clifton, where he yet resides, aged seventy-two years. He was born in 1809, and during most of his life has been a farmer and lumberman. His wife was Louisa Moore, who was born in Vassalboro, Maine. She was married in Mariaville, to Mr. Penny, October 6, 1830, and died at Clifton, January 6, 1871, aged sixty-six years. Edward J. Penny was the second - child. He married Helen L. Bradbury, and by her had two children, who reside at home. Mr. Penny has held most of the township offices. In politics he is a Repub- lican. The other children of Joseph Penny were Mary S., Edwin Archer, Eben D., Arthur R., Susan D., Ar- villa L., Viola W. The father and mother of Luther Penny were natives of Shapleigh, Maine. Their children were Susan, Joseph, Abigail, Jarvis, Esther, Berya, Peregrine G., Cal- vin, Luther, Abram. Luther Penny was born in Clifton, where he now resides, in 1823. While a youth he worked at farming, and since he was married has been a lumber- man. His wife is Lydia Parks, to whom he was married in 1847. They have two children now living — Augusta A., married to Orlando Tibbets, and has one child; Ruth, married to Edwin Jordan. The father of Mrs. Penny was Thomas Parks; her mother was Keziah Rowe. Mr. Penny has held several town offices, and is now School Agent. In poUtics he is a Republican. He owns a farm and also the mills of the place. Abraham C. Penny was born in Jarvis Gore, now Clif- ton, in 1826, in which place he has always lived, his business being farming and lumbering. He married, in 1 83 1, Frances A. Campbell, who was born in the town of Charleston, she being but sixteen at the time of her marriage. By this union have been born seven children, two of whom are deceased. They are— John, who died young; Sylvia M., married Oakman Rooks; George, died young; Frances A., married Nathan Mayo; Leander and Leannie (twins), who reside at home unmarried; and Inez, also at home. In his political belief Mr. Penny is a Republican. Oliver Eddy was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, m 1785. When a child his parents moved to Eddy Valley, and a few years later to Eddington. He enter- ed the service of the country and was killed at the battle of Fort Erie in T814, aged twenty-nine years. His wife Haunah Mann, was born in Massachusetts, and died at Eddington in 1844, aged sixty-three years. She had three children : Oliver C, Charles, and Lovina. Oliver C. was the eldest child. During his early manhood he was a seafaring man, but after marriage he engaged in farming. His wife was Eliza Penny, to whom he was married in 1839. Their children were: Elias (de- ceased); Charles H., killed in the battle of the Wilder- ness, in 1864. Fannie O. married Henry Rooks and has five children. Wyman O., living at Minneapolis,, Minnesota. Loren O., unmarried. Mr. Eddy has held several township offices. In politics he is a Green- backer. His son Wyman O. was also a soldier in the late war, in which he enlisted when but thirteen years and nine months of age. Rufus Rooks was born in Bucksport, Hancock county, Maine, June 16, 1802. Soon after his birth his parents removed to Orrington, where he remained until he was twenty-one years of age, after which he came to Jarvis. Gore, now CUfton, where he passed the remainder of his life. He died December 2, 1873, aged seventy-one years and six months. He followed the, vocation' of a farmer. His wife was Orilla Boobar, who was born in Milo, Maine, May 9, i8ro. When about ten years of age her parents removed to Chester, where she was married March 11, 1830. With her husband she lived at Clifton until her death, December 20, 1871. John B. Rooks, their oldest child, was born in Clifton, Februn ary 3, 1831. He was married to Eliza M. Campbell, October, 1854, and by this union had three children: Ella F. (deceased); Florence A., married Fred W. Bow- den and has one child, Sarah C. ; Clarence H., unmar- ried. Mrs. Rooks's father was John Campbell, and her mother Sarah Doble. Mr. Rooks has held township office, and is now First Selectman and Assessor. For- merly a Republican, he is now a Greenbacker. The other children of Rufus Rooks are George F., Joseph . A., Lydia R. (deceased), Cynthia O., Drusilla B., Rufus H., Amos O,, Charles M., and Oakman L. Ebenezer Davis was born in the town of Oxford, Worcester county, Mass., April 29, r787. When twelve years of age he removed with his parents to Eddington, where he remained about thirty-one years. He then re- moved to Clifton, where he died July i, 1850, agedsixty- one years. He was a merchant, lumberman, and farmer. Susan Penny, who became his wife, was born in the year 1807, in Shapleigh, York county, Maine, and when quite young removed with her parents to Clifton, where she was married in October, 1824. Daniel W. Davis, their oldest child, was born in Edington in 1825. The next child, Eben, died when five years of age, August 191 1835. Daniel W. Davis has always followed farming as an occupation. He was married September 9, 1849, to Almira D. Rich, by whom he has nine children : Helen M. married George F. Winchester, of Holden, and has one child. George E. is unmarried ; Marcia (deceased), Leavenis L., Lucia A., Gracie A., Susie A., Carrie L, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 2S3 Irwin W. Mrs. Davis's father was Reuben Rich ; her mother Alraira Davis. Daniel W. Davis was elected to the Legislature in 1856, and served one term. In politics he is a Democrat. Elisha Chick was born in Shapleigh, Maine, in 1806. His early life was passed in Aurora, where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when he ca.nje to Clifton, where he has since resided. Mis wife was Mary Ann Parks, who was born in Holden, but grew to womanhood in Clifton, whence her parents removed when she was a child, and where she was married. She died in 1852, aged forty-two years. Their children were William, Mary Jane, Moses R, Lucy Ann, AuriviUe, Lovicia, Susan, Thomas, who was killed in the battle of tlie Wilderness in 1864 ; Lucinda, and Mary Etta. Moses F., the third child, was born in Clifton in 1846. He has been a farmer and lumberman. He was married Janu- ary I, 1868, to Nancy G. Campbell, daughter of John and Sarah Doble Campbell. Mr. Chick was a member of the State Legislature in 1867, -and is now Supervisor of Schools. Is a member of the Free-will Baptist Church, and in politics is aRepublican. The father of Daniel Walker Leonard was born in Old Sharon, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, in 1781, where he lived until about eighteen years of age, when he moved to the town of Knox, where he died in 1835. His wife was Experience Walker, who was born in Marshfield, Massachusetts, in 1786. When eighteen years of age, she removed to Knox, Maine, where she was married, and lived until 1858, when she moved to Bangor, where she died in 1872, aged eighty-six years. Their family consisted of three children : Anna, William L., and Daniel. The latter was born in Knox in 1823. His business has been that of farmer, mechanic, and teacher. He was married in 1846 to Alvena J. Haskell, and had one child, now deceased. Mrs. Leonard died, aud he married Lizzie R.. Huntington, in 1855, by whom he has one child, Fred G. Mrs. Leonard was a daugh^ ter of Stephen Huntington and Betsey W. Horn. Simon Crosby was born in the town of Hampden, Maine, where he lived until ten years of age, when, the family moved to Fox Islands, Hancock county, Maine, where he lived about sixteen years. He afterwards lived a short time at Eddington, when he came to Clifton, where, he died in 1871, aged seventy-three years. His wife was .Esther Lewis, who was born at Fox Island in 1803. Samuel L. Crosby, the first child,, was born at Fox Island October 13, 1821. He married Rebecca Bragg July 15, 1853. She died, leaving one daughter, Mary E., who married Charles E. Clough, and has two children. , Mr. Crosby is a Republican .in politics; in his religious belief he is a Freewill Baptist. During his life he has held township office. The other children of Simon Crosby were Mary Ann, William (deceased), Margaret, Benjamin, Nancy, Kissey, Sarah J., Lucinda, Eben, Susan, Abby, and Stephen R. CORINNA. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Corinna is another of the even, square thirty-six mile townships in the westernmost part of the county. It is the first of the second tier or range of such towns, reck- oning from the north and west lines of the county. Its western neighbor is St. Albans, in Somerset county. It IS bounded on the north by Dexter, on the east by Ex- eter, and the south by Newport. Weymouth Pond lies upon its western bolder, and another small lake stretches mto the southwest corner. The town is sixteen miles distant from Bangor, in an air line. It illustrates the carelessness with which distances are calculated or esti- mated, when one finds, in -what is probably the most important authority for the statistics of the State, the statement that Corinna is thirty miles distant from Bangor. This town, we have seen, is bounded altogether by in- visible and artificial lines. Those other works of man, more apparent and scarcely less important, known as wagon roads, cut up the town with surprising multiplicity and minuteness. From Corinna village alone, at the foot of the large pond between it and West Corinna, radi- ate no less than seven highways, five of which are leading roads running out of the town, from which two or three of them make their exit in two branches. Another through east and west road passes West Corinna. It has School No. 3 and a cemetery upon it, about two-thirds of a mile from the east town line, besides the public and semi-public buildings at West Corinna. Five north and south roads intersect the entire town with more or less directness, all of them making some breaks or jags at the cross roads, but all of them finding their way across 294 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the town, from Dexter to Newport. Connecting these and the transverse lines, and also accommodating the smaller neighborhoods, are a considerable number of minor wagon-ways, making it one of the very best provided towns, in this respect, in the entire county. The Dexter & Newport branch of the Maine Central Railroad also crosses the town from north to south in a course of six and one-half miles within its limits, passing Corinna and West Corinna villages on its way across the territory of the town. As may readily be supposed of a town so excellently equipped with facilities of movement, it is well and some- what densely populated. Contrary to the statement which must be made of the average town in this county, it has scarcely a square mile of territory in one tract which has not an inhabitant. The thickest settlements are upon the road northwest from Corinna Station, through Morse's Corners, a hamlet less than two miles distant, where are the Union Church and School No. lo. Nearly one and one-half miles further, about half a mile from the east line of the town, is School No. 2. Upon the extension of this road through Corinna village, at the cross-roads a mile away, is School No. 16, in a well- settled region. The east and west road through West Corinna is also well settled; the Town Farm is about two-thirds of a mile west of the village. There are, in- deed, no long stretches of highway in the whole town, without at least one civilized habitation. Post-offices are located now only at Corinna village and Corinna Centre, the latter being at a cross-roads nearly equidistant from Corinna, West Corinna, and Morse's Corners, and not far, as its title hints, from the centre of the town. Here also are the Town House, School No. 5, and a cemetery. A Union Academy, Union Church, and public school are situated at Corinna village; and numerous school- houses, stores, mechanic shops, and mills, in other parts of the town. None of the waters of Corinna are specially large or im- portant. Ponds of some size cover several spots in the town; as. Mower's and Weymouth's Ponds in the north- west, the latter of which goes a little way into Somerset county; the sheet of water before mentioned, one and one half miles long, between the Corinna villages; an- other of nearly two miles' length, but narrow, on the other side of the railroad, from near Morse's Corners southwest- ward; a small one near the southeast corner of the town • and mere bits of ponds at West Corinna and near School No. 2. Each of the ponds in general has streams flow- ing into and from it. In the southwest of the town three brooks flow into the Mulliken Stream, which goes out into Newport almost broad enough to be itself consid- ered a lake. The Dexter Stream comes in from Dexter, receives a number of tributaries before entering the ex- pansion between Corinna and West Corinna, and flows thence into Newport, receiving the waters of the neigh- bonng long lake on the way. Into this flows the Alder Stream, from the north and northwest of the town. Some of the heads of Crooked Brook are also in the eastern part of Corinna. EARLY CONDITION AND PURCHASE.* Situated on neither of the great thoroughfares between the Penobscot and Kennebec Rivers, Corinna was not early selected by the pioneer settlers of the State. In 1804, however, on the 30th of June, the land was sold by the State of Massachusetts. A young man of now un- known name, having contracted for the purchase of the township, but being unable to pay for it, sold his interest to Dr. John Warren, a brother of the Revolutionary hero General Joseph Warren, for two cents per acre. In the heart of a Maine forest, situated ori no large body of water, the territory was not then especially inviting, even to the Indian. Its history does not abound in stories of the tomahawk and scalping-knife. The beaver, unmo- lested, built his dam ; the bear and the wolf ranged with safety along the quietly-running stream. Fish were abundant, but not all were of good quality. The plash of the trout and the pickerel, the snarl of the wolf, the snap of the fox, the growl of the bear.and the song of the bird, were all the sounds of living beings that broke the stillness. FURTHER DESCRIPTION. At the time of its purchase by Dr. Warren, this was de- scribed as "the Township numbered four, in the Fourth Range of townships north of the Waldo Patent," Somer- set county, District of Maine, Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts. Now, it is the second town from the north in the most western tier of towns in Penobscot county. State of Maine. The town is crossed from north to south by the Dexter Stream, the eastern branch of the Sebasti- cook. The eastern part is drained by a tributary of the Kenduskeag, which in turn flows into the Penobscot. Consequently, the town forms a part of the watershed ■ between the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers. The surface is undulating, forming a part of the plain that extends northward from the Dixmont hills to the re- gion of Mount Katahdin. Traces of the glacial period are seen in small boulders of granite dropped here and there, and the "horseback " extending along the east side of the streara south of Corinna village. This ridge is about eighty rods in length, is elevated fifteen to twenty feet,and extends from north-northeast to south southwest. It consists for the most part of gravel, covered with a soil of sandy loam. South of the village, at the lower ex- tremity of the horseback, the stream receives a tributary from the east called Alder Stream Brook. The higher land consists of yellow, sandy loam, and the valleys of black vegetable deposit and clay loam. A ledge containing quartz, mixed with a variable amount of gold, silver, lead, and copper, underlies the greater part of the town, and crops out in the northern and eastern parts. The soil is good, and in general the farmer gets good return for the labor and capital spent upon his fields. The tract was once well wooded— the hills with the oak, birch, beech, an d maple; the valleys with ash, cedar, *The remainder of this chapter, except a few statistical and other notes, has been prepared for this work by Professor Wyman B. Piper, Principal of the Corinna Academy, and a thoroughly competent wnter, as we think the readers of liis sketch will cordially agiee. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 295 spruce, juniper, and hemlock; while, scattered through- out the town, the familiar Maine emblem towered above its neighbor of less stately habit. THE PIONEERS. Soon after the purchase of the township. Dr. Warren gave to Samuel Lancey, Esq., 170 acres of land near the centre, for bushing out a road east and west across the township, and building a house and barn upon the land. 'Squire Lancey cut the bushes from the proposed road, and upon the land now owned and occupied by Jacob Philbrick and Winkworth Allen, erected hewed frames for his house and barn. Around these buildings he cleared ten acres of land. He partly covered the barn frame, but did not finish the house frame. The barn was afterwards used for the first religious meetings of the early settlers of the town. Previously two men, Isaac and Moses Hodgdon, who were surveying Exeter, having completed that town, came into Corinna to run it out. They entered the southeast corner and built their camp. Their provisions having failed, Isaac went to East Corinth for supplies. Moses and another man busied themselves in felling trees while he was away. The next year two men by the name of Goodhue came to the same place and completed felling eighteen acres. From this they obtained a crop of corn the first year, after which they abandoned their claim, leaving the corn to rot in the bins into which they had gathered it. Their nearest neighbors were at East Corinth, sixteen miles away; their only road a line on spotted trees. Among the first who came with their families was a Mr. Chase. He built himself a log cabin, and to this brought his wife. Here, it is said, the first child born in the township looked upon his forest home. Chase, be- coming dissatisfied, left his wife and children and went to Massachusetts. His wife afterwards married a man by the name of Hartwell. Along the road bushed out by Lancey settled Thomas Barton, James Smith, Joseph Pease, and Ebenezer Nut- ter. Barton was accounted a good citizen, but held no important offices. He had formerly served in the Revo- lutionary war. After the act pensioning the soldiers of the Revolution he drew his pension, and is reported in the census pf 1840 as one of the four Revolutionary sol- diers living in the town. James Smith lived on the farm now owned and occupied as the Town Farm. He held the office of Constable after the town was organized, and is reported as a good officer. He reared a family of four children. Joseph Pease lived in the eastern part of the town, and afterwards sold his farm to Henry Dearborn, a tanner and shoemaker from North Durham, New Hamp- shire. Pease was one of the first Board of Selectmen. Ebenezer Nutter was a single man, and lived in the west- ern part of the town. From this time the history of the town has been the history of its citizens. The township furnished no sol- diers for the War of 1812, and not yet being incorporated it was not subject to a draft. Therefore it became the refuge of those of the adjoining towns who were fright- ened at the roar of the British Lion. Dr. Warren, hoping to induce settlers to come to the township, hired Captain Joseph Ireland and his nephew, Joseph Ireland, to erect a mill on the stream. They came from Bloomfield and built their mill. One end of it was used for sawing lumber, and the other for grind- ing grain. One run of stones was all the Irelands put in, and the pioneer farmers brought their grists to be ground and carried it home unbolted on their horses' backs. The records of births and deaths show that these farmers were of good stock, raising large families and living to a ripe old age. The second road bushed out was from the site of this mill to the one opened by 'Squire Lancey. Supplies were brought from Bangor on horseback, the pay for which was hauled out to the river on "hoopling" sleds. MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION. In December, 18 16, an act of incorporation was introduced into the General Court of Massachusetts^ making Warren Township, No. 4, the town or Cor- inna. It was named for a daughter of Dr. Warren. Be-' low is given the text of the act of incorporation, together with the warrant issued for the first town meeting: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. An Act incorporating the town of Corinna, in the county of Somerset. Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the township numbered Four in the fourth range of townships, north of the Waldo Patent, in the county of Somerset, as contained within the following described boundaries, be and is hereby incorpor- ated as a town by the name of Corinna, viz: Eist by the town of Exeter, north by the town of Newport, and west by the town of St. Albans; and the inhabitants of the said town of Corinna are thereby vested with all the powers and privileges, and shall also be subjected to all the duties and requisitions of other towns according to the Constitu- tion and the laws of this Commonwealth. Section 2. Be it further enacted that any Justice of the Peace for the county of Somerset, upon apphcation therefor, is hereby empow- ereed to issue a warrant directed to a freehold inhabitant of the said town of Corinna. requesting him to notify and warn the qualified voters therein to meet at such time and place in the same town as shall be appointed in the said warrant, for the choice of such officers as towns are by law empowered and required to choose or appoint at their an- nual town meetings in March or April. In the House of Representadves, December the loth, 1816, this bill, having had three several readings, passed to be enacted. (Signed) Timothy Bigelow, Speaker. In Senate, December nth, 1816, this Bill having had two several readings, passed to be enacted. (Signed) John Phillips, President, December ii, i8i5, approved, JOHN Brooke. Secretary's Office, ) A true copy, December 28, 1816. J Attest: A. Bradford, Secretary of Commonwealth. Somerset, ss: To John Ehot, one of the principal inhabitants of the town of Co- rinna, in the county of Somerset; Greeting: By an act of incorporation on the tenth [eleventh] day of December, eighteen hundred and sixteen, the inhabitants of the said town of Corinna are vested with all the powers and privileges, and shall be sub- ject to all the duties and requisitions of other towns; and Whereas, by law it is made the daty of some justice of the peace to call a meeting of said inhabitants, application being made tome the subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace within and for the county of Somerset, for to call a meeting in said town of Corinna. These are, therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth of Massa-, chusetts, 16 request you to notify the freeholders and other inhabitants qualified bylaw to vote in town affairs, to assemble at the dwelling- house of Benjamin Hiltons on Saturday, the first day of March, in the 296 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. year of our Lord eighteen hundred and seventeen, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, for to act on the following articles, viz; First, to choose a Moderator to govern said meeting. Second, to choose a Town Clerk, Selectmen, Assessors, Constable, and all other town officers which towns have a right to choose by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. I Given under my hand and seal this seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. Samuel Lancey. At that town meeting William Elder, Joseph Pease, and Constant Southard were elected'Selectriien, and Wil- liam' Elder, Town Clerk. The following is recorded : Voted that the collectorship be put up at vendue, which was accord- ingly done, and struck off to Benjamin Hilton, on condition that he give five per cent, and secure bond, ■■ - At that meeting no money was voted to be^rajsed; but at a meeting held April 7, 181 7, it was voted to; saipje two hundred dollars for the support of schools, and one hun- dred dollars for the necessary town expenses. March 31, 18 17, fifty votes were cast for Governor of Massachusetts, General Henry Dearborn receiving forty- two, and General John Brooks, already the incumbent, but eight. For Lieutenant-Governor, General William King had forty-two votes, and the Hon. William Phillips seven. William Moor received forty-six votes for Sena- tor, there being no opposition. For three years the annual town meetings were called in the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. . When the questi-on of separation of Maine was put to the vote of the people, the town of Corinna cast thirty- five votes in favor of the proposition. William Elder was elected a delegate to meet with the delegates from other towns, at the court-house in Portland, to frame a Consti- tution for the State of Maine. The action of the com- mittee being presented to the towns for approval, Co- rinna unanimously voted to accept the Constitution December 6, 1819. April 3d, the following year, the Hon. William King, the first Governor of Maine, received all the votes cast, being forty-eight in number. William Elder was elected Representative to the Legislature. Becoming dissatis- fied with some of the county officers for the ensuing year, Abraham Bean, Thomas Brown, and Ebenezer Nutter were appointed a committee to petition the Gov- ernor and Council to remove Benjamin Adams, Sheriff, and Warren Preston, Esq., Judge of Probate for Somer- set county. Whether or not their prayer was granted, does not appear from the record. THE STORY OF MILLS AND ROADS. In the meantime the mill built by the Irelands was rotting down. The Irelands left the mill privilege and purchased a home in the northern part of Newport. A few years afterwards, in 1825, William Moor, Esq., bought the Ireland mill site, spliced the posts of the old mill, and put in one run of stones for grinding grain. The mill was run one year without a bolt; but the following year a hand-bolt was used. 'Squire Moor built himself a house near his mill, on the east side of the. stream, where now is the Corinna House. The material for building he purchased in New- port. He afterward built a public house west of the stream, about twenty rods from his mill. This old house remains at the present time as one of the ancient land- marks, and is familiarly known as the "Bee-hive." From that time to this day the settlement at this place has been known, as Moor's Mills. Until the incorporation of the town no roads were regularly laid out. Each citizen bore his respective share of the burdens in opening highways. None were better than the logging roads in the swamps of to-day. After Corinna became a town it was necessary to build high- ways, and money was liberally raised for this purpose. The oldest settlers say that the first tree cut upon the town roads was a birch, and grew in the eastern part of the town under the hill on which lives David Palmer. In 1823, money being hard to get, the town voted to pay their local taxes in grain — wheat at six shillings a bushel, corn at four shillings, and rye at four shillings, to be paid into the town treasury by the loth of the following Feb- ruar)'. ■ Imagine a tax collector starting from home with four horses and a lumber wagon to haul home the town tax! For several years the taxes were paid in this way. At the rate of three and one-third per cent., the amount' paid to the tax collector during these years, be must have worked hard all day collecting taxes, in order to obtain grain enough to feed his horses and himself over night. In 1823 it was "voted that warrants to notify town meetings shall be posted up in the school-house in the west part of the town, at the school-house near Seth Knowles's, -and at Esq. Bean's;" also voted that the same be posted up by the person that will do it cheapest. The posting of warrants was accordingly struck ofif to Joseph Pease, who gave two cents for the privilege, and paid the money in open town meeting. As the town meetings were held at private houses frequently in the warmer months, it was necessary to adjourn out of doors. In 1820 Joshua Cushman received twenty votes to represent the Sixth Eastern District of Maine in the Congress of the United States. THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. Three liquor licenses were gratited in the year of 1825, three in 1826, and five in 1827. The Rev. David Stewart, then a lay member of the Baptist church, delivered a temperance lecture* in the au- tumn of 1827, probably one of the first delivered in the State. The Rev. B. P. Winchester was present at this lecture, and ever after David Stewart and Benjamin Win- chester were the champions of the temperance cause. The following year only two licenses were granted by the town officials for selling intoxicating liquors, From the efforts of those engaged at that time sprang the germ of temperance organizations of the present. RECORD OF PROGRESS. At the time of the settlement at Moor's Mills another was formed two miles to the eastward, at Morse's Cor- ner. William Hole was one of the early settlers. He was several times chosen for some of the minor town offices. A pleasant little village was formed in one of the pleasantest parts of the town. This,. in fact, was con- sidered the chief place until the building of the railroad. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 297 In 1837, Robert Moor, the son of William, built the first store at Moor's Mill. The goods to stock it were bought in Boston, Robert having made the journey thither by stage. In 1842 the Town House was built, and in 187 1 the town built a hearse-house on the southeast corner of its lot and purchased a hearse. To this day the town has been foremost in all good enterprises. It was fifth in the county in respect to the amount of money raised for the expenses of the war. Many brave soldier-citizens here left their homes to fall and fertilize the Southern plains. Unfortunate in 1879 in the collection of its debts, Corinna lost considerable money through the default of its Collector. In 1840 the town reached its maximum number of in- habitants, containing then one thousand seven hundred and four. By the census of 1880 there were one thou- sand five hundred and three, making a loss of only ten during the last decade. The following is a succinct but partial view of the statistics of population, voters, and wealth in this town : Population in 1830, 1,077; 1840, 1,704; 1850, 1,550; i860, 1,597; 1870, 1,513; 1880, 1,503. Polls in i860, 374; 1870, 443; 1880, 380. Estates these years, $233,- 711, $391,711, and $421,649. The rest of the history of this town is the history of its citizens . and its enterprises, which are best described each under its proper title. In the meantime Corinna has been made a part of Penobscot county, by act of the Maine Legislature dated February 10, 1833, which will be found in the Appendix. SCHOOLS. Since schools lie at the foundation of all good govern- ment and are among the first considerations of the intel- ligent settler, we will treat this subject first of the more detailed matters. Before school districts were organized the mothers and fathers taught their children what they themselves knew. After a few families had settled in town, their children were accustomed to collect at Seth Knowles's and the Rev. B. P. Winchester's homes to learn proficiently in "the three R's." Elder Winchester was especially interested in the education of the young, and was much beloved by his pupils. As the number of inhabitants increased, school-houses became necessary. Accordingly, the first one was built about fifty rods east of Mr. Knowles's. It was a sample of the most primi- tive kind then built. In one end was a fire-place, while on either side of the aisle ranged the long board seats, the terror of the smaller pupils and the field of artistic execution for the boy having inventive brains and a jack- knife. It was the custom for the scholars to cut their own wood, and the master's time was divided between the use of the ferule and trying to persuade green rock-maple to burn. The large open fire-place occupied nearly the entire end of the house, and on its broad hearth, up the spacious chimney, roared the fire. Entire logs, two and three feet in diameter, were rolled in and burned with- out splitting. 38 In the western part of the town was built another school-house, for the accommodation of the students in- that section. It was erected on the same general princi-. pies as that in the eastern part. The books used by the pupils of that day consisted of a Webster's spelling book and a Pike's or Daboll's arith- metic. The schools were in session only a few weeks during the year, and the boys and girls were obliged to travel long distances over poor roads filled with snow to obtain the little education that could be then had from the common school. Yet there were many who, improv- ing the opportunities that they did have, obtained a very fair education. The next school-house was built at Moor's Mill, and is now occupied by Samuel Fowles as a blacksmith-shop. This school-house was in early days the scene of the rough side of school life. That teacher who did not answer the ideas of the school as a good fellow, was car- ried from the school-house by the- larger scholars and left upon a snow bank to cool his anger. One teacher, by the name of Christopher Page, seemed to inspire the big boys with something of fear, if not of reverence, and taught many successful terms in Corinna and vicinity. As the town developed from year to year, and other districts became necessary, other school-houses were built, until at present there are within the town seven- teen districts and parts of districts, with fourteen school- houses. At a special meeting held in April, 1817, two hundred dollars were raised to be expended in schools, but no School Board was elected. The following year a com- mittee of seventeen was chosen, to supervise the schools and superintend the expenditure of the money. No regular Superintending School Committee was elected till 1822; but a Board of School Agents, varying from six to eighteen, was chosen who filled the double office of Committee and Agent. The amount of money appro- priated was two hundred dollars per annum, until in 1822 it was changed to three hundred, and kept at that amount for several years. In 1821 the local and school taxes being paid in grain, the teachers were required to take their pay in the popular currency of the town. No money was even raised for a free high school, and until 1875 no district record was kept by the Superin- tending School Committee. Among the prominent teachers of the common schools in the past were Robert Knowles, a native of the town and one of its prominent citizens; Levi Lucas, of Saint Albans, a master in every sense of the word, who ruled as with a rod of iron; and Christopher Page, familiarly known as "Chris," who probably taught more "hard scholars" in Penobscot county than any other teacher. In the summer of 1881 a graded course of study was introduced into the primary and grammar schools at Corinna village (Moor's Mills). No pupils have yet been graduated from the school. At the annual town meeting of 1881 the town voted to purchase text-books for the use of scholars ; but at a special meeting called soon afterwards it was voted to rescind that vote. 298 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. CORINNA UNION ACADEMY. In 1850 Dr. Jacob Elliott, a prominent citizen, pro- posed to build an academy for the higher education of the young men and women of the vicinity. Through his strenuous exertions and the liberality of the citizens, an amount of money then thought suflacient to erect the building was raised. In addition to this, in order that the school might be endowed, notes were given by indi- viduals, of which only the interest, it was understood, should be paid at the end of each year, to be applied to the running expenses of the school. The site selected for the school was in the western part of the village, upon an elevation overlooking the town. The building com- mittee, desiring to construct a permanent building, ex- pended the money raised for that purpose before they had completed it. To finish the academy it was neces- sary to call in the fund-notes. This was done, and the structure was ready for occupancy in 1851. Elliott Walker and vvife were the first teachers of the academy, and at once established the school in public favor. After having charge of the school for several years, he removed to Newport, in this county, to enter upon the practice of law. The Hon. Llewellyn Powers succeeded Mr. Walker as Principal of the Academy. Mr. Powers was a very suc- cessful teacher, and was liked both by citizens and scholars. Mr. Powers carried into his school work that same energy which characterized him as a lawyer, and his school was always well attended. Professor Sawyer was principal for a longer time than any other teacher. Under his management the school was well attended. He was especially well versed in mathematics and grammar. Professor D. H. Sherman was very successful, and he obtained a large attendance at the academy. While teaching he purchased a telescope for. the use of the school, and in the small hours of the night, when the planets were in conjunction, the Professor's horn could be heard calling out his astronomy class to witness the'move- ments of the heavenly bodies. This aroused the anger of the citizens, and many were the imprecations pro- nounced against him. Isaac R. Worth, of East Corinth, succeeded Professor Sherman, and was beloved by his students. He was obliged to close his second term in the eighth week on account of failing health, and soon after died, mourned by a large circle of friends. Among other teachers have been the Rev, Charles E. Young, a Baptist clergyman ; H. E. Trefetheran, E. D. Pratt, a Mr. Smith, and Wyman B. Piper, the present principal. Mr. Smith retired one night in his usual health, and was found dead in his bed the following morning. The Academy was formally incorporated on the 4th of June, r857. Through the efforts of John Benson, M. D., of Newport, who represented Newport and Corinna in the State Legislature, the academy received a grant of a quarter of a township of land, lying in the northern part of the State. Three other academies received severally a grant of the other three-quarters. Agents were chosen by the trustees of each school to sell the township Volney Sprague, Esq., was selected to look after the in- terests of Corinna Academy, and sold the quarter-town- ship for $1,600. The proceeds were at first invested in United States bonds, which were afterwards exchanged at a premium for State of Maine bonds below par. By this means the fund was increased to $2,142. No part of the principal is allowed to be expended in repairs or for the use of the school. During the summer of 1879 three courses of study- college preparatory, classical, and scientific — were pre- pared by Mr. Piper, the present principal, and adopted by the trustees. Each course covers four years of three terms, each ten weeks long. In June, 1881, the thirtieth anniversary of the school two students were graduated, one each from the classical and the college preparatory courses. During that sum- mer Dr. Jacob Elliott, who in the meantime had re- moved to California, offered the trustees a gift of $1,000 provided the citizens would raise $1,900 before the loth of August. Failing in this, the school did not receive the offered donation. CHURCHES. The first religious meetings in Corinna were held under the auspices of the Free Baptists, by Rev. John Palmer in the barn erected by Samuel Lancey. They were after- wards held in the school-house erected in town, until the year 1 85 1. Then Mr. Benjamin C. Moor liberally gave a building lot for a church, a ifew rods from the shore of the pond on the east side; and the citizens raised the money to erect a building thereon. The conditions of the gift of the land were that when it ceased to be oc- cupied as a church lot, then it should revert to the former owner. The house was dedicated as a "Union " church, and is owned and occupied by Methodists, Baptists, Christians, and Adventists. Each pew-holder has a vote in the annual meeting of the owners in deciding which denomination shall have the use of the church for the Sabbath that his pew claims. There being fifty-two pews in the church, each one of them has the right to use the house one Sabbath in each year. Since the railroad was built through the town, the church is conveniently near the depot for week-day meetings. Soon after the completion of the church at Corinna village, the citizens of Morse's Corner, two miles east of the village, desiring to construct a more substantial house than the one already built, contracted to have one put up and to be finished in hard wood. After its com- pletion they purchased a bell, which, with that in the Academy building, are the only bells in public struc- tures in the town. The Free Baptist church was first organized in School District No. i, in the southeastern part of the town. This church removed to Morse's Corner after that house was built. This Free Baptist society by and by went out of existence, but was re-organized under the^effortsof the Rev. Jason Mariner, and now has a membership of over forty. The Free Baptists have never had an organ- ization at the village church. In September, 1822, the Rev. Isaac Case organized HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 299 the First Baptist Church, of ten members, in the town, the text at that time being from Hebrews xiii.s: "Let brotherly love continue." During the infancy of the church there was no ordained pastor, but Cushman Bas- sett, a prominent man in the town, occupied the pulpit as lay preacher. After him, Moses Martin, from China, preached for the denomination. The Rev. B. P. Win- chester, who was a prominent citizen, occupied the Bap- tist pulpit for more than thirty-five years, after the re- moval of Rev. Mr. Martin. Since the death of Elder Winchester, the Rev. Messrs. David Stewart and William E. Noyes have been the pastors. In 1872 the church celebrated its semi-centennial, at which its history was briefly related by Rev. Charles E. Young, formerly a member. At present there are twenty active members, who support preaching one-fourth of the time at Corinna village and the school-house at the Centre. Among the most prominent members of the church during its his- tory have been Rev. B. P. Winchester, Rev. David Stewart, Cushman Bassett, and Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Young. As one of the oldest members remarks, "our church has been a constant light, never going out nor dazzling by its brilliancy." The Rev. J. S. Johnson, of New Hampshire, and Rev. Zebulon Manter, of Newport, organized the Christian church, April 20, 1867, with a membership of twenty- one. This was increased to thirty-three the following day. This church occupies the house at Corinna village one-fourth of the time. It has had in all seventy-seven communicants, of whom five have been dropped, ten have been discharged by death, four by letter, and fifty- eight remain on the church books. Rev. Joshua T. House was pastor of the church from the year 1867 to 1874. During the year 1875 R^v. Samuel Bickford occupied the pulpit. From 1876 until the present time Rev. J. T. House has been the regular pastor. In connection with this church a ladies' sewing society has been formed, to raise money for church purposes. The report of the treasurer gives one hundred and forty dollars as the amount of funds in her hands at this writing. They have already purchased blinds for the church at the vil- lage, and have furnished the pulpit. The Second Advent church consists of two branches, and has no regular pastor engaged. Elder Campher re- sides in Corinna, and preaches occasionally. The Methodist Episcopal circuit of which Corinna formed a part included the section extending from Exeter on the east to Harmony on the west, and included those towns. David and Richard Knowles were the only mem- 'bers from "Warren township. No. 4," and attended church in Exeter. They belonged to a preachers' aid society known as the "Sheep Concern." Each one that ioined this society was obliged to set apart a sheep, the proceeds of which were to be paid to the support of the preacher. From that time the Methodist church has had communicants from Corinna. After the church was built at Corinna village, the Methodists occupied the bouse one-fourth of the time, and are in the circuit with Exeter, at which place is the parsonage. One of the first missionaries to Africa went from the Exeter circuit, and died in Africa — a Rev. Mr. Cox. PARIAN LODGE, NO. l6o, F. AND A. M. Several Masonic brethren, who resided in Corinna, long desired to have a lodge of their own, and in 1870 petitioned the Grand Lodge of Maine that they would establish one for them. For some time Meridian Splendor Lodge in Newport opposed its institution, and alter their objections were answered Dexter Lodge claimed jurisdiction. The Grand Lodge compelled the Corinna Masons to work two years under a dis- pensation. It being shown that the jurisdiction waS' in Meridian Splendor Lodge, Fisher Lodge No. 160, Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted with the usual rites and ceremonies. Winkworth S. Allen, who had formerly been Master of Dexter Lodge, was the first Master of Fisher Lodge. After him as Masters were Robert Knowles, Charles A. Dorman, Clement C. Libby, and A. J. Knowles, the present Master. The Lodge de- rived its name from Paul M. Fisher, M. D., a prominent man and earnest Mason. In 1876 the name was changed from Fisher to Parian; and in 1881 it numbered seventy-three members in good standing. TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. Rev. David Stewart, in the autumn of 1827, de- livered the first temperance lecture in the town, prob- ably the first in the county, and organized a temperance organization of thirty-six members, of which a Mr. Payne was president. Another society "was organized in the northeast part of the town in School District No. 3, con- sisting of forty members. Their meetings were open for all to enter, and were free for the discussion of the tem- perance question. The Sons of Temperance formed a society at Morse's Corner, which organization was moved to Moor's Mills. In July, 1874, the Good Templars organized a society, which increased in 1879 to two hundred and eleven members. This society first met in Butler's, then Fow- les's, and lastly in Temperance Hall. In the winter of 1879 Deputy Commander John Young, M. D., came from Massachusetts and instituted a Commandery of the United Order of the Golden Cross. This society continued its organization during the winter, but in the spring, on account of the dissatis- faction of its members, it adjourned sine die. BUSINESS PLACES. By far the best business buildings in Corinna village are Eagle Block and the grist-mill attached. Eben Roberts bought the old grist-mill of Robert Moor, and afterwards sold to E. P. Burrill and William A. Ireland. After the purchase of the mill property by Messrs. Burrill and Ire- land they erected a substantial brick mill and construAed a granite dam, on the condition that the town would exempt them from taxation for ten years. Soon after the completion of the mill the town concluded to repudi- ate its promise, and consequently taxed the mill. In 1877 Burrill & Ireland concluded to make an exten- sion of their mill, and erected Eagle Block. This build- ing is of brick with three stories and a basement, and 3°° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. contains a shoe store, a variety store, a lawyer's office, a doctor's office, a jewelry manufactory, a temperance hall, a market, a grain elevator, and three grain bins capable of holding ten thousand bushels. The grist-mill attacjied contains five sets of stones, and is used for grinding all kinds of grain. The next buildings that would attract the attention of the traveler are the Woolen Mill and Iron Foundry. The former is a wooden structure, three stories and a basement in height. It was built by Messrs. J. & C. A. Dorman. The Dormans came to Corinna, purchased the site tor the mill about one-third of a mile south of i the village, and commenced the erection of the mill, In 1875, at a special town meeting, the town voted to lend this firm $5,000 at six per cent, interest, and to take as security a first mortgage on the mill and privilege. The following year the Dormans attempted to obtain another loan of two thousand dollars, but the town voted to pass the article. Upon this failure twenty citizens loaned one hundred dollars each, and took a second mortgage of the privilege on the west end of the dam, and a first mort- gage on the custom wool-carding machinery. The Dor- mans failed to fulfil the contract of their mortgage, the town foreclosed its claim, and by a decision of the court ' came into possession of the mill. The twenty persons holding the other mortgage, obtained the wool-cards. The town, after the foreclosure of its mortgage, rented the factory to Charles Greenwood for three years. At the expiration of this time Mr. Greenwood purchased the mill, paying for it five thousand five hundred dollars. The factory is a " two-set " mill, for the manufacture of repellant, and employs about thirty hands. In the fall of 1879 the carriage shop, owned and oc- cupied by Lewis Hutchins, was burned, and in its place was erected another more commodious building. This was intended as a carriage shop; but Mr. Hutchins, form- ing a partnership with J. P. Nelson & Son and George W. Nutter, another building was erected for a foundry and the first one used for a finishing room. The Messrs. Nelson and Mr. Hutchins sold their interest in the busi- ness to G. W. Nutter, who conducts it at present, mak- ing all kinds of castings. The next prominent building in town is the hardware store owned by J. P. Nelson & Son and occupied by J. H. Steward, a hardware merchant and American Express agent. There are two post- offices in the town, one at Corinna "Village, the other at Corinna Center. Mr. E. P. Burrill is Post- master at the former, Mr. W. S. Allen at the latter. Three-quarters of a mile south of Moor's Mill, on Alder Stream, is a saw-mill for the manufacture of long lumber, a shingle-mill, and a steam-pump factory. ArdMnd these industries nestles a quiet little village. West of this village, and near the horseback, is a brick- yard belonging to Mr. S. S. Burrill. In the northern part of the town, on the Dexter Stream, is a mill owned by John Moody and built by him for the manufacture of lumber and shingles. South of his mill and on the same stream, is Richard Lincoln's shingle mill. At the latter place several dwellings have been erected and a railway switch graded for the accommodation of shipping lum- ber. At Morse's Corner E. W. Holt has furnished a machine shop and manufactures Holt's " tire upsetter " for shortening tires without cutting. Besides the above named places of business there are several grocery and variety stores, two apothecaries, and a hotel. THE DEXTER AND NEWPORT RAILROAD. When the question of the Newport & Dexter Rail- road was agitated the inhabitants] of Corinna'' at once took a prominent part in the encouragement of its con- struction. The town promptly voted to lendjits credit in aid of the construction and completion of the Dexter & Newport Raihroad, to the extent of fifty thousand dol- lars on the terms and conditions mentioned in an act of the Legislature approved January 25, 1867. Several citizens agreed to raise the money for its survey. After its completion Robert Knowles was appointed Station Agent, and filled that office acceptably until the con- struction of the Western Union telegraph line from New- port to Dexter. Then Thomas F. Hegarty, the present agent, was appointed. Two trains daily each way pass over the road and connect at Newport with the Eastern and Western trains of the Maine CentrarRailroad. The principal products shipped over this road are hay, potatoes, grains, eggs, apples, and meat. ;;^ Several cattle- buyers make Corinna their headquarters, and ship meat to the Brighton and Boston markets. Frequently ten tons of carcasses alone are sent at one time. Ship-tim- ber is also loaded at this point from the surrounding towns, to be sent to Belfast and neighboring ports. THE CORINNA HERALD. March 27, 1876, Mr. Fred J. Whiting issued the first number of the Weekly Herald, a four-column folio de- voted to local interests. The following year Mr. Whiting moved his office from the small building on Dexter street to Eagle Block, formed a partnership>ith A. Phinney, and enlarged his paper to a six-column folio, changing the name to Corinna Herald. In August, i88r, the paper was removed to Pittsfield, Somerset county, and the old name of Weekly Herald restored. THE CORINNA SOCIAL LIBRARY was incorporated September 3, 1849, and had a moder- ately successful career. The Corinna Circulating Library is now in existence, and is kept at the village. ;;;Mr. E. Folsom is Librarian. THE CIVIL LIST OF CORINNA. The following is>'list of the town officers since the incorporation of Corinna: 1817— William Elder, Joseph Pease, Constant South- ard, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Ebenezer Nutter, treasurer; Benjamin Hilton, constable; no school board. 18 18— William Elder, Abraham Bean, Ebenezer Nut- ter, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Benjamin P. Winchester, treasurer; John Couliard, constable; a school board of seventeen. 18 1 9— William Elder, Ebenezer Nutter, Benjamin P. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE,. 301 Winchester, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a school board of six. 1820 — Ebenezer Nutter, Benjamin P, Winchester, Abraham Bean, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a school board of eighteen. 182 1 — Ebenezer Nutter, Abraham Bean, Jonathan Knowles, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, constable; a school board of six. 1822 — Abraham Bean, William Elder, Benjamin P. Winchester, selectmen; William Elder, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Ebenezer Nutter, constable; Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, regu- lar school committee. 1823 — Benjamin P. Winchester, Abraham Bean, Eben- ezer Nutter, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; James Smith, Jr., con- stable; Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, superintending school committee. 1824 — Benjamin P. Winchester, Abraham Bean, Ebenezer Nutter, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Joseph Pease, treasurer; Seth Knowles, con- stable; Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, superintending school committee. 1825 — Benjamin P. Winchester, John Hubbard, Joseph Turner, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Joseph Turner, treasurer; James Smith, Jr., constable; Abram Seaver, John Hubbard, Esq., superin- tending school committee. 1826 — Thomas Brown, Ebenezer Nutter, Cushman Bassett, selectmen; Benjam'in P. Winchester, town clerk; Philip Morse, treasurer; David Jones, constable; Abram Seaver, Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Brown, superintending school committee. ■ 1827— Thomas Brown, Joseph Turner, David Steward, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; John Hubbard, treasurer; David Jones, constable; Thomas Brown, Joseph Turner, Abram Seaver, superintending school committee. 1828— Benjamin P. Winchester, Thomas Brown, Abraham Bean, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Philip Morse, treasurer; David Jones, con- stable; Thomas Brown, Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Davis, superintending school committee. 1829— Abraham Bean, John Hubbard, Benjamin P. Winchester, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Philip Horsey treasurer; Colonel Jason Labree, Paul M. Fisher, constables; Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 1830— Thomas Brown, Paul M. Fisher, Abram Seaver, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; John ' Hubbard, treasurer ; Simon Young, constable ; Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 1831— Paul M. Fisher, James Labree, John Briggs, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk; John Hubbard, treasurer; Peter Hynds, constable ; ' John Hubbard, Luther Harmon, Joseph Prescott, superintending school committee. 1832. — Paul M. Fisher, Joseph Prescott, Cushman Bassett, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk ; Philip Morse, treasurer ; Ebenezer Boyden, constable ; Joseph Prescott, Paul M. Fisher, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 1833 — Paul M. Fisher, Joseph Prescott, Cushman Bassett, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk ; Philip Morse, treasurer ; Simon Young, constable ; Joseph Prescott, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 1834 — Henry T. Knowles, Simon Young, Thomas Brown, selectmen ; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk ; Philip Morse, treasurer ; Simon Young, constable ; Paul M. Fisher, Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, superintending school committee. 1835 — Henry T. Knowles, Thomas Brown, John Johnson, 2d, selectmen ; John Johnson, 2d, town clerk ; Philip Morse, treasurer; Simon Young, constable; John Hubbard, Harrison G. O. Weston, Ebenezer Boyden, superintending school committee. 1836 — Thomas Brown, Henry T. Knowles, John Johnson, 2d, selectmen ; Ebenezer Home, town clerk; John Lord, treasurer; Jacob J. Demerit, Peter Hinds, Ebenezer Home, constables ; Ebenezer Boyden, Joseph Prescott, John Hubbard, superintending school com- mittee. 1837 — Thomas Brown, Henry T. Knowles, John Johnson, 2d, selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John Lord, treasurer ; Isaac Allen, constable ; Lemuel Smith, Joseph Prescott, Robert Moor, superintending school committee. 1838 — Thomas Brown, John Hubbard, Silas Knowles, selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John Johnson, 2d, treasurer ; Jacob S. Elliott, Ephraim Currier, Isaac Allen, constables; Paul M. Fisher, Ezra C. Kilgore, Robert Moor, superintending school committee. 1839 — Henry T. Knowles, John Lord, David Jones, selectmen ; Robert Moor, town clerk ; John Johnson, 2d, treasurer ; Ebenezer Home, constable ; Lemuel Smith, Joseph Prescott, Paul M. Fisher, superintending school committee. 1840 — Thomas Brown, Jacob S. Elliott, Luther Har- mon, selectmen ; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk ; John Johnson, 2d, treasurer ; Ephraim Currier, Enoch Bunker, constables ; Robert Moor, David Steward, Paul M. Fisher, superintending school committee. 1841— Jacob S. Elliott, David Steward, S. T. Rackliff, selectmen ; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk ; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer ; Campbell Bachelder, constable ; David Steward, Robert Moor, Harrison G. O. Weston, superintending school committee. 1842 — Paul M. Fisher, James Hawes, Harrison G. O. Weston, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Robert Knowles, Campbell Bachelder, Isaac Allen, Gorham Southard, constables; David Steward, Albert Moor, Harrison G. O. Weston, superintending school committee. 302 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 1843 — Paul M. Fisher, James Hawes, Harrison G. O. Weston, selectmen ; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; John Hubbard, treasurer; Robert Knowles, Campbell Bachelder, Isaac Allen, Gorham Southard, .constables; Thomas Moulton, Rev. David Foss, Robert Moor, su- perintending school committee. 1844 — Paul M.Fisher, Campbell Bachelder, Enoch Bunker, Jr., selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; David Steward, treasurer; Winkworth S. Allen, constable; Robert Knowles, Joseph Prescott, Robert Moor, superintending school committee. 1845 — Horace Wentworth, Abner Seaver, Jacob S. Elliott, selectmen; Benjamin P. Winchester, town clerk; Robert Moor, treasurer; Winkworth S. Allen, Samuel Miles, constables; David Steward, Robert Knowles, Paul M. Fisher, superintending school committee. 1846 — Horace Wentworth, Abner Seaver, David Jones, selectmen; Robert Knowles, town clerk; Robert Moor, treasurer ; Samuel Miles, constable ; Robert Moor, Robert Knowles, Paul M. Fisher, superintending school committee. 1847 — Horace Wentworth, David Jones, John Hutch- inson, selectmen ; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Robert Moor, treasurer; Samuel Miles, constable; Stephen C. Elliott, Harrison G. O. Weston, Paul M. Fisher, superin- tending school committee. 1848 — David Jones, Abner Seaver, Hiram Hurd, Jr., selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Robert Moor, treasurer ; Samuel Miles, constable ; John S. Pratt, Paul M. Fisher, Harrison G. O. Weston, superin- tending school committee. 1849 — David Jones, Horace Wentworth, Hiram Hurd, Jr., selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Thomas Brown, treasurer; Samuel Miles, constable; Paul M. Fisher, Eben D. Roberts, James Elliott, superintending school committee. i85o^Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Robert Knowles, selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Thomas Brown, treasurer; David Jones, Azro Mills, con- stables; Nathan D. Brooks, Paul M. Fisher, Nathan Joy Robinson, superintending school committee. 185 1 — Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, David Jones, selectmen; Horace Wentworth, town clerk; Thomas Brown, treasurer; James P. Copeland, Paul M. Fisher, Oliver Brooks, Benjamin Burrill, James Hawes, Alfred Daniels, constables; Nathan J. Robinson, PaulM. Fisher, Joseph Prescott, superintending school com- mittee. 1852 — Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Jacob S. Elliott, selectmen; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk; Thomas Brown, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, Benjamin Burrill, constables; Weston P. Nutter, Joseph Prescott, Elliott Walker, superintending school committee. 1853— David Jones, Simeon Adams, Stephen Phinney, selectmen; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Edward H. Osborne, Joel Young, con- stables; Joseph Prescott, Elliott Walker, Volney Sprague, superintending school committee. 1.854 — David Jones, Simeon Adams, Stephen Phinney, selectmen; Paul M. Fisher, town clerk; James Hawes, treasurer; James Hawes, Joel Young, Charles Church constables; Horatio Southard, Volney Sprague, ElamP. Burrill, superintending school committee. 1855 — James Hawes, Simeon Adams, David Steward selectmen; Nathan J. Robinson, town clerk; James Hawes, treasurer; Joel Young, constable; Volney Sprague, Elam P. Burrill, David Steward, superintend- ing school committee. 1856 — David Jones, Stephen Phinney, Eben D. Roberts, selectmen; Silas S. Morse, town clerk; PaulM. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Elam P. Burrill, David Steward, Robert Knowles, superintend- ing school committee. , 1857 — Campbell Bachelder, Enoch Bunker, Robert Knowles, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Elam P. Burrill, school supervisor. 1858 — Joseph Cook, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur- ril, selectmen; Jacob Bemis, town clerk; Seth Morse, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Robert Knowles, school supervisor. 1859 — Joseph Cook, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur ril, selectmen; James Hutchins, town clerk; Isaiah Lin- coln, treasurer; Sanford Stevens, constable; G. W. Martin, Joel Pease, Robert Knowles, superintending school com- mittee. i860 — Winkworth S. Allen, Samuel Copp, Eben D. Roberts, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Joel Pease, Robert Knowles, Samuel W. Mathews, su- perintending school committee. 1861 — Winkworth S. Allen, Samuel Copp, J. R. Mower, selectmen; Francis A. Fisher, town clerk; Paul M. Fisher, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, constable; Samuel W. Mathews, Francis A. Fisher, Joel Pease, superintending school committee. 1862 — J. C. Chandler, Samuel Copp, Winkworth S.. Allen, selectmen; Mark F. Hamilton, town clerk; Elam P. Burrill, treasurer; Eben D. Roberts, constable; George H. Day, school supervisor. 1863— Winkworth S. Allen, Elam P. Burrill, Robert Knowles, selectmen; Mark F. Hamilton, town clerk; Campbell Bachelder, treasurer; Mark F. Hamilton, con- stable; George H. Day, Robert Knowles, Elam P. Bur- rill, superintending school committee. 1864 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Emery Southard, selectmen; Gipson C. Patten, town clerk; Silas S. Morse, treasurer; Silas S. Morse, constable; Robert Knowles, Elam P. Burrill, Gipson C. Patten, superin- tending school committee. 1865 — Robert Knowles, Charies H. Morse, Emery Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk, Silas .S. Morse, treasurer; Silas S. Morse, constable; J. H. Saw- yer, D. Calvin Lyford, M. Palmer, superintending school committee. 1866— Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Charles Labree, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; Daniel W, Osgood, treasurer,; Oliver Brooks, constable; D. Calvin Lyford, M. Palmer, John D. Young, superintending school committee. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 303 1867 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Wink- worth S. Allen, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; E. P. Burrill, treasurer; Oliver Brooks, constable; J. H. Sawyer, E. W. Truworthy, superintending school com- mittee. ig68 — Winkworth S. Allen, Elam P. Burrill, Colum- bus C. Knowles, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; Elam P. Burrill, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, Emery Southard, constables; E. W. Truworthy, David Steward superintending school committee. 1869 — Winkworth S. Allen, William W. Nutter, Emery Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; William W. Nutter, treasurer; David Steward, Gustavus B. Frost, constables; David Steward, E. W. Truworthy, superin- tending school committee. 1870 — Robert Knowles, Charles H. Morse, Emery Southard, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; William W. Nutter, treasurer ; Oliver Brooks, constable ; A. H. Richardson, M. D., supervisor of schools. 187 1 — Winkworth S. Allen, Jonathan S. Burrill, Co- lumbus C. Knowles, selectmen; Seth Morse, town clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Thomas R. Gardner, con- stable; A. H. Richardson, M. D., George W. Nutter, Mrs. Sarah A. Atkins, superintending school committee. (May 4, 187 1, Mrs. Lillias A. Leavitt was appointed to fill vacancy of Mrs. Sarah A. Atkins, October 23d William W. Nutter was appointed in place of George W-. Nutter, resigned). 1872— Robert Knowles, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah H. Crowell, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk ; Oliver Brooks, treasurer; A. H. Richardson, I. W. Tibbitts, Charles E. Young, superintending school committee. 1873 — Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah H. Crowell, Asa F. Crowell, selectmen ; Seth Morse, town clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Warren J. Hall, constable; J. Parker Curtis, A. H. Richardson, William W. Nutter, superin- tending school committee. 1874 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah H. Crowell, selectmen ; Fred E. Sprague, town clerk ; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Alden R. Ireland, Emery Southard, Isaiah H. Crowell, David Palmer, Henry Atkins, constables ; A. H. Richardson, William W. Nutter, J. Parker Curtis, superintending school committee. ■1875 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Isaiah H. Crowell, selectmen ; Fred E. Sprague, town clerk ; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer ; Thomas R. Gardner, Asa L. Grant, A. Judson Richardson, Samuel Fowles, Henry Atkins, Isaiah H. Crowell, constables ; J. Parker Curtis, supervisor of schools. 1876 — Charles H. Mo^rse, A. Judson Richardson, Isaiah H. Crowell, selectmen ; Jonathan S. Burrill, town clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer ; Clement C. Libby, constable ; J. Parker Curtis, supervisor of schools. 1877— Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, A. ' Judson Richardson, selectmen; Jonathan S. Burrill, town clerk; Alden R, Ireland, treasurer; Clement C. Libby, constable; George W. Nutter, William I. Wood, J. Parker Curtis, superintending school committee. 1878— Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Ed- ward G. Higgins, selectmen ; Frank E. Knowles, town clerk; Alden R. Ireland, treasurer; Clement C. Libby, constable; William I. Wood, J. Parker Curtis, Charles S. Philbrick, superintending school committee. 1879 — Charles H. Morse, Winkworth S. Allen, Ed- ward G. Higgins, selectmen; Frank E. Knowles, town clerk ; A. Judson Richardson, treasurer ; Clement C. Libby, constable ; J. Parker Curtis, Charles S. Philbrick, Wyman B. Piper, superintending school committee. 1880 — Robert Knowles, Edward G. Higgins, A.. Jud- son Richardson, selectmen; Frank E. Knowles, town clerk; Samuel Copp, treasurer ; Samuel Copp, constable; Charles S. Philbrick, Wyman B. Piper, Fred J. Whiting, superintending school committee. 1881 — Edward G. Higgins, Jonathan S. Burrill, N. Reed Packard, selectmen; Frank E. Knowles, town clerk; Samuel Copp, treasurer ; Samuel Copp, constable; Wyman B. Piper, Fred J. Whiting, Albert R. Day, super- intending school committee. No State Senators have been elected from Corinna, and only one important county officer — Campbell Bach- elder, County Commissioner. The following named have been the Representatives in the lower branch of th6 Legislature: William Elder, Abram Bean, Luther Harmon, John Briggs, Henry T. Knowles, John Lord, Luke Mills, Frank G. Robinson, Campbell Bachelder, John Hutchinson, Nathan J. Rob- inson, Horace Wentworth, Enoch Bunker, Jr., Elam P. Burrill, W. W. Nutter, Mark F. Hamilton, Stephen Lin- . coin, George W. Nutter. Thomas R. Gardner, Isaiah H. Crowell, and Asa L. Grant, Deputy Sheriffs. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. July 27, 1753, -in Roxbury, Massachusetts, was born John Warren, brother of the hero of Bunker Hill. . He manifested a great degree of intelligence while still quite young, for when only twenty years of age he began the practice of medicine in Salem, Massachusetts, having graduated at Harvard College two years previously. He, like his brother, was an earnest patriot, and threw his whole energy into the American cause. He participated in the battle of Lexington, with the regiment from Salem. He became very useful, however; not in wounding the well, but in healing the hurt and sick. For two years he followed the American army, and had charge of the hos- pitals in and around Boston. He was the founder and first professor of the medical department in connection with Harvard University. When thirty years old he de- livered a series of Fourth of July orations in Boston. He introduced many innovations in the practice of sur- gery, and wrote several articles for publication. He pur- chased the townships of Corinna and Palmyra, now in this State, and appointed one Shepherd as his agent. Dr. Warren never visited his purchase, but left its adminis- tration to Shepherd, who lived in Bloomfield (later Skowhegan), Maine. He died April 4, 1815; and Henry, his son, came to Maine and built a house on Warren Hill, in Palmyra. He gave the names Corinna and Pal- myra to the towns out of respect for his two sisters. Henry was never married. He practiced law in Penob- scot and Somerset counties. It was thought that he 304 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE loved the young wife of a Mr. Vance. Although he was well educated as a lawyer, the son of a wealthy father, and was given the two townships, yet he died in strait- ened circumstances, at the house of the widow Vance, in New York. The town has furnished no men specially prominent in the history of the State except D. D. Stewart, Esq., of St. Albans, one of Maine's ablest lawyers. Prominent in the history of the town are the Rev. Benjamin P. Win- chester, John Hubbard, Esq., the Rev. David Stewart, Winkworth S. Allen, Robert Knowles, Charles Morse, and others, who were true to their trust as American citizens. Rev. Benjamin P. Winchester was born in Jay, county of Oxford (now Frankhn county), Maine, January i8, 1793, and died November 27, 1865. Before he was three years old his father died, and he was adopted by Captain Betijamin Palmer, of Fayette. He received a common school education, and came to Corinna in i8i6. After clearing a piece of land that he had purchased of Henry Warren, he built himself a frame house, and in the fall returned to Fayette to marry Miss EUza Knowles. He brought his young wife to the home that he had made, and there they dwelt together, rearing a family of eight children. Elder Winchester joined the Free-will Baptist Church organized by Rev. John Palmer, and re- mained in that connection until the other Baptist Church was organized by Rev. Isaac Case, in September, 1822. From 1828 until his death, with the exception of two years, he was pastor of that church. His pastorate ex- tended over a space of thirty-seven years, and was a bright spot in the history of the Corinna Baptist Church. Before schools had been regularly established by the township, he taught several winters for the benefit of the boys and girls in his vicinity. He was an earnest patriot, and labored hard for the Union cause, sending two sons to the South, one of whom, Oren, died in Raleigh, North Carolina. An earnest temperance man, he was one of the pioneer workers of the State. After the incorpo- ration of the township he held many important town ofifices, serving eight years as Selectman, fourteen years as Town Clerk, and one year as Treasurer. John Hubbard, Esq., was another of the men who came from Fayette to Corinna at the same time with B. P. Winchester. Like Elder Winchester, he took a prom- inent part in town affairs. He was also Justice of the Peace for Somerset county. He raised an honorable and respected family. The Rev. David Stewart came to Corinna in 1822. He was the first temperance lecturer in this region, and not only preached but practiced temperance. He was one of the first who gave a series of anti- slavery lectures here, and spoke on the stump with the Hon. Hannibal Hamlin. He raised a family of good citizens, two of whom have become somewhat prominent — Dinsmore D. Stew- art, of St. Albans, Maine, and Levi Stewart, of Illinois. He has held several important town offices. He is op- posed to the use of tobacco in all its forms, and is now a hale old gentleman of eighty-four summers. Winkworth S. Allen has held many offices in the gift of the town, has been a prominent Mason, a man of temperance in theory and practice, and has been fore- most in every good word and work. Robert Knowles was the son of Henry T. Knowles a Revolutionary pensioner. It is reported that Henry Knowles was shot through the body by a British bullet and that a silk handkerchief was drawn through the bullet-wound to cleanse it from foreign substances. Robert, his son, was one of the first Masonic Masters in the town, and has held the office of Superintending School Committeeman, Selectman, etc. He also served as the first station agent after the construction of the railroad. Charles H. Morse, although comparatively a young man when he died, had made for himself a place in the hearts of his fellow townsmen. Being deprived of his father when quite young, he was obliged to work his way in the world and make for himself a place. He was elected Selectman for several years, although a member of the weaker political party, which shows that he was considered a trusty man, even by political opponents. Professor W. B. Piper, the popular Principal of Corin- na Academy, was born m Monroe, Maine, December 14, 1855. He is a grandson of Daniel Piper, who came to this county from New Hampshire in 1799, and settled in Newburg. Daniel Piper was born March 4, 1776, and was one of the early settlers of Newburg. He was in the battle of Hampden, being an Ensign under Captain Bickford. His wife was Annie F. Parsons, born April 8, 1783, and died in October, 1865. She was a native of Parsonsfield, Maine. Their family consisted of eleven children, nine sons and two daughters, viz: Thomas Piper, deceased ; Benjamin, who now lives in Dixmont; Elisha, living in Newburg; Hannah (Mrs. BacheldSr), of Dixmont; Abigail, deceased; Enoch and Daniel, twins, the former of whom died in Newburg, Daniel now living in Parsonsfield; Simeon A., now living in Elizabeth City, New Jersey; Alpheus S., now of Corinna; John U. P., of Newburg; and David, who died at Fortress' Monroe, Virginia. Mr. Piper was for many years one of the live men of his town, holding all of the prom- inent town offices at different times. He was a Free Baptist in religious belief; afterwards Christian. He died August 10, 1842. Alpheus F. Piper (father of W. B. Piper) was born in Newburg, Maine, October 28, 1820. He married Catharine S. Perkins in 1843, by whom he had one child; both mother and child died when the child was quite young. Mr. Piper married for his second wife Susan H. Smith, and moved to Monroe, Maine, in 1834. Here he followed the business of mill- wright and farmer. Mr. Piper died February 28, 1881. By this marriage there were five children: David, now living in Chelsea, Massachusetts; Wyman B.; Lizzie M. (Mrs. Patterson), of Swanville, Maine; Kingsbury B. and Lurilla M., both living in Swanville. Mr. Piper is now living in Corinna with his son W. B. Wyman B. Piper, the second son, after attending the common school until thirteen years of age, went to Dixmont and New- burg and attended the high school in each of those towns. When fifteen years of age he began to teach. EUREKA MILLS, C. H. GREENWOOD, PROP'R, CORINNA, ME. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 305 In his first school there were thirty-three scholars, among them his wife, Annie C. Russell. Mr. Piper, feeling the need of a more thorough preparation for teaching, as well as a desire to obtain a better education, entered the Maine Central Institute, at Pittsfield, and was graduated in 1876, and afterwards entered Bates College, in Lew- iston. In the spring of 1878 he moved to Corinna, hav- ing been elected Principal of Corinna Academy. Here he has since resided. At the time Professor Piper be- came Principal of this Academy the total attendance was nineteen, which has increased under his management to one hundred and thirty the present year (1881). He has had a large experience as teacher in the common schools, and has held the ofifice of Superintending School Committeeman of Corinna for three years. Professor Piper is an active worker in the temperance cause and a prominent officer in the Good Templars Lodge. In 1880 he was Captain of the Corinna Light Infantry. He married Annie C. Russell, of Etna, February 25, 1877. She was born August 20, 1855. They have one daughter, Maud L., born June 7, 1878. The excellent history of Corinna in this work was prepared by Profes- sor Piper. Daniel Campbell was born in the town of Bowding ham, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1797; there he lived until about twenty years of age, when he moved to Wel- lington, Somerset county, then to Kingsbury, Piscataquis county, where he died May 5, 1845. His wife was Ruth ?:iluff, who was born in Bowdingham in 1804. Her death occurred March 19, 1881. Their ninth child, Isaiah, was born in Kingsbury, January 17, 1839, and married Philinda Decker January 20, 1857. They have five chil- dren—Clarence, Arthur W., Ruth A., Ivory A., and Ro- land'V., all of whom reside at home. Mis. Campbell was the daughter of Amos and Dollie (Goodwin) Decker. Both Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Free- will Baptist church. The other children of Daniel |Campbell were: Aaron, Asa, William, Alpheus, Levi, Rufus, Daniel, John M'., Charles and Mary Ann. E. G. Nichols is the son of James Nichols, of Durham, who died in 1863. James Nichols had twelve chil- dren, all of whom are now deceased except four. Their •names were: Nathan, James, Samuel, Martha, Alfred, Susan, Hannah, E. G. (the subject of this sketch), Ben- jamin, Alice, Almerin, and one that died in infancy. E. G. Nichofs was born November 9, 18 r8, in the town of Durham. He married Eula Hodgkins, who was born May 12, 1826; she was the daughter of Joseph Hodgkins, of Minot. They settled first in the town of Abbott, but afterwards moved to Dexter, where they lived two years, and then moved on the place where they now live in Corinna. They have six children now living, and have lost two. The names of the Hving are James N., born December 13, 1844; Harriet A., born Decem- ber 20, 1847; Clara, June 31, 1848; Melville S., March 22> 1850; Franklin P., November 5, 1853; Elbridge G, March 12, 185s; Willard A., March 5, 1857; Lizzie L., October 13, i860. Mr. Nichols has a fine farm of 121 acres. He never aspired to public life but preferred the quiet of home and family. A. L. Grant was born in St. Albans in 1847, where he obtained a common school education. When twenty, years of age, he came to Corinna and engaged in the lumber and stock business, in which he is now engaged. In 1873 he purchased the Corinna House, of F. W. Hill, and in addition to his other business, now keeps hotel. He has held the office of Deputy Sheriff of Penobscot county three years, and Constable two years. In 1869, he married Mary F. Knowles, a native of Corinna, and has one child, Blanche M., who lives at home. CHARLES GREENWOOD. Charles Greenwood, proprietor of the Corinna. Woolen Mill, is an Englishman by birth. In 1850 he landed at Castle Garden, New York, without money or friends. Although he did not possess either of these, he did pos- sess something which but few of the young men of this country at the present age fully appreciate the value of, viz : a good trade. He had a good understanding of the art of manufacturing woolen cloth. For some fifteen years Mr. Greenwood worked in woolen mills in different parts of the country. Being a very careful man and steady in his habits, he usually held positions of trust and responsibility. In 1870 he resolved to commence business for himself, having by economy and diligence at that time saved a few hundred dollars, besides supporting a family of eleven children. His large family now proved of great service to him, by working in the mill as soon as they became old enough. For one or two years he man- ufactured two thousand yards per month of very nice re- pellants, which found a ready market. This was all made by his own family. Although a loser in the great fire in Boston in 1873, he continued to prosper from the start, and now owns the Corinna Woolen Mill, unencum- bered, besides other property. This he has been able to do by strict attention to the details of the business, and by always making as good an article as can be found in the market. Mr. Greenwood's family are all yet with him in the mill except two daughters, who are married and live in Kennebec county. They fill places of trust and responsibility in the mill, and relieve Mr, Greenwood of much of the care of his business. One son-in-law has charge of one department. The mill was built in 1876, and now Mr. Greenwood manufactures yearly one hun- dred thousand yards of first quality repellants. These goods find a ready sale in Boston and New York. The mill has a capacity of sixty thousand pounds of stock per year, and employs twenty-five hands, with a pay-roll of $1,000 per month. This, being the only mill in town, is a great advantage to the village of Corinna by furnishing employment for so many hands and a ready market for wood, wool, etc. Mr. Greenwood is still in the prime of life, and anticipates making large improvements the com- ing year, such as building a new stone dam, enlarging his mill, etc. For some years Mr. Greenwood has been interested in developing the mineral resources of Penob- scot county, and has done as much, perhaps, as any one 3o6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. to develop the latent wealth of the county, sparing neither time nor money. After spending much time and prospecting extensively for two years or more, he believes that there is mineral wealth enough in Penobscot county to make the people all rich. Mr. Greenwood and his family are held in high esteem by the people of Corinna and surrounding towns as an honest business man, lib- eral toward all objects and enterprises that tend to the development, growth, and prosperity of the town and county. CORINTH. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY. Corinth is another of the beautifully regular townships to the west of the Penobscot, and in the older part of the county. The town, as a municipality, corresponds pre- cisely to the surveyed township. This town, then, con- tains thirty-six square miles, or 23,040 acres. It is six and one-quarter miles from Bangor, measured between nearest corners, and was in the old days known as Ohio Plantation. It is two tiers of townships, or twelve miles, distant from the west line of the county; only one town, Charleston, separates it from Atkinson, in Piscata- quis county; but parts of six towns — Kenduskeag, Le- vant, Herraon, Carrael, Hampden, Newburg — lie between it and Waldo county, although the distance is but eigh- teen miles. It is bounded on the north by Charleston, on the east by Hudson, on the south by Kenduskeag and Levant, and on the west by Exeter. Its boundary lines are uninterrupted by lake or large river. The headwater of Little Pushaw Lake — which is in Hudson, a little way across the line, — rises in the northeast corner of Corinth. The Bear Brook, coming in from Charleston, crosses the same part of the town, but a mile further in the interior, and in Hudson becomes the Pushaw Stream. It receives in Corinth four or five small tributaries on the west side. Straight across the town, in the northwestern part, is the Crooked Brook, which has its several heads in Charles- ton, Exeter, and the north of Corinth, and runs to the southeast across the town into Kenduskeag. It receives several branches in this town, most of them also from the west side. The principal one has its source near the southwest corner, and flows northward and northeastward toward the centre of the town, near which it joins the Crooked Brook. Not a single lake or pond of size oc- curs in the town. The Little Pushaw Pond comes rather close to the northeast part, beyond the Bear Brook. Corinth is well provided with post-ofiices, roads and other public conveniences. It has no railroad, the Maine Cen. tral running some miles to the south of it, and the New- port & Dexter to ^he west. Corinth village and post- office is about a mile from the south line of the town and two miles from the west line, upon a leading highway that comes in from Levant and runs northwestward into Exeter, and westward through that town and Corin- na. At this place are School No. 2 and a cemetery, and' nearly a mile east of north from it, on the road to East Corinth. This place (more properly, from its central northern position, North Corinth) is a long, straggling vil- lage, mainly upon the road through the towii from Charleston south to the Town House, and the junction of this with the road to Corinth post-office, whence it runs southeasterly through South Corinth and into Ken- duskeag, and thence to Glenburn and Bangor, Schools No. 4, s, 6, 15, and 1 7 are upon this road, the last a mile from the southeast corner of the town, No. 15 at East Cor- inth, No. 5 a little above, No. 4 a third of a mile below the Town House, and No. 6 near South Corinth post-office. At East Corinth is also an academy building, a Baptist church, two parsonages and other like buildings. South Corinth is at a somewhat important cross-roads, two miles from the south line of the town; and one and a half from the east line. A cemetery is about two-thirds of a mile southwest of it, and another about the same distance west of East Corinth. Besides the leading roads mentioned, another makes almost a diagonal across the town, entering from Charleston near the northwest corner, and shortly striking the Crooked Brook, which it follows more or less closely to the exit of the road into Kenduskeag. Upon or near it are Schools No. 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 18, with a cem- etery upon a parallel road a short distance the other side of the brook and a mile from the south boundary of the town. Corinth is pretty thoroughly cut up with a net- work of roads, which it would take much space to de- scribe in detail. It naturally follows that the town is well settled and somewhat populous, having 1,333 inhabitants by the census of 1880. These are largely, as before sug- gested, residents upon the roads through East Corinth, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 307 within one and a half miles each way from the place, al- though the highways through Corinth post-office and South Corinth are by no means sparsely settled. South of the latter place, near the town line, is a dense but lim- ited neighborhood, and another on the town line about School No. I, south of Corinth village. Most of the people are engaged in agriculture, although a goodly number of saw, shingle, stave, grist, and cider mills are scattered through the town. They are mainly, however, clustered at East Corinth. EARLY HISTORY.*. Township No. 2, in the fourth range of townships north of the Waldo Patent, in the county of Hancock, containing 23,040 acres, was granted by the State to John Peck December 9, 1794, and afterwards purchased by Benjamin Joy and others. It was incorporated and established as a town by the name of Corinth, June 21, i8ii. ADDITIONAL FACTS OF GEOGRAPHY. The surface of the town is level and watered by the Kenduskeag Stream, which is fed by the Pierre Paul* and Crooked Brooks, which stream runs in a southeast- erly direction, and nearly through the centre of the town, from which, for many years, the early settlers ob- tained salmon at a distance of seventeen miles from the waters of the Penobscot River. There is also a brook of goodly size in the easterly part of the town, known as Bear Brook, which discharges its waters into Pushaw Pond. . A growth of trees densely covered the soil, in which the maple, birch, beeeh, ash, basswood, hemlock, spruce, and cedar seemingly strove "for predominance; yet the .birds-eye maple must have seen — if it could see at all — that the attempt would be futile to vie with the majestic pines scattered over the entire township. The solemn grandeur of the township's native growth of hardy trees, tall and thickly planted, demanded the admiration of the explorer, as he traversed grounds free from recently fallen trees, where the foot of civilized man had never trod, where no effort at improvement had marred the forest's primeval beauty, save that of the industrious beaver, by damming running waters, thereby adding broad acres to their original homesteads. SETTLEMENTS AND SURVEYS. Such was Township No. 2, in the year 1792, when Mr. Abner Tibbetts and Mr. Daniel Bridge, from Bangor, "while on a hunting excursion through these forests, were so pleased that they decided to abandon the idea of re- moving to the State of Ohio, and immediately made ar- rangements for settling here, on lands of their own dis- covery, naming them New Ohio. In the spring of 1792 the first trees were felled by • Mr. Abner Tibbetts, upon lot No. 10, on the south line of the township. Immediately others, and among them The remainder of this sketch, except the biographical section, has been prepared by the Hon. Mason W. Palmer, a native of the town, and still resident there. Pierre Paul, pronounced by settlers " Peei-pole," took its name from an Indian who lived upon its banks. ' ■ - -• . - - Messrs. William Tibbetts, Mark Trafton, Joshua C. Thompson, John Goodhue, William Hammond, Royal Clark, and Dr. William Peabody, joined Mr. Tibbetts in his enterprise, and farming at once commenced in good earnest. The township was located, and separated from other and adjoining townships, by Messrs. Ephraim Ballard and Samuel Weston, in 1792. It was afterwards re-sur- veyed and lotted by Messrs. Warner, Bellows, and Hods- don, and a plan of the township made by Mr. Alexander Mclntyre. In 1793 Mr. Daniel Skinner, formerly from Mansfield, Massachusetts, but more recently from Brewer, in this county, with a family of three sons and three daughters, all at ages of maturity, made an opening about two miles in a northeasterly direction from the Ohio settlement; and as each member of the Skinner family married in early life and settled in his or her father's neighborhood, and as all were imbued with the determination of fulfill- ing the early command, " increase and multiply," a nu- merous, healthy, industrious progeny soon filled the ter- ritorial neighborhood with living souls, through whose veins ran quietly the Skinner love of domestic, quiet life. So numerous were they that the place in which they ' lived was properly called "the Skinner neighborhood." Mr. Jacob Wheeler, from Petersham, Massachusetts, and Mr. Richard Palmer, from Parsonsville, Maine, each mar- ried for their first wives daughters of Mr. Daniel Skinner. For the spice of life which variety is said to give, Messrs. Isaac and Nathan Hodsdon, with their families, from Ber- wick, Maine, domiciled within the quiet precincts of this Puritan family. In 1794 Josiah Simpson, Robert Simpson, Robert Campbell, Simon Trescott, Jonathan Snow, Rufus In-, man, and others, passing through the Skinner settlement, proceeded in a northerly direction some two miles, and near the westerly line of this township entered upon lands inviting both to the lumbermen and the agricul- turist. They here planted a neighborhood, which until the year 1818 was known as the Simpson Settlement. After that time, in consequence of change of ownership of the farms formerly owned by the two Simpsons, the place was called the Eddy Settlement On the easterly side of Kenduskeag Stream lay an elevation of ground peculiarly adapted for the planting of a farming neighborhood, on which Deacon John Hunting, Eben Hunting, Joshua Herrick, Reuben Ball, Isaac Ball, Benjamin Dyer, Aaron Gould, Josiah Gregory, David A. Gove, Andrew Strong, and others, commenced operations in 1808; and soon a correct taste, judicious management, and untiring industry, foretold the future growth and beauty of the coming neighbor- hood. The far-reaching vision of Deacon Hunting and his associates saw that the joint and undivided effort of this little colony would convert the woodlands on the eastern slope of the Kenduskeag into fields of growing grain, and by architectural skill move the hitherto ap- parently sluggish waters of stream and brook to run swiftly to man's assistance and willingly turn the wheels •of industry. If this was first seen by the eye prophetic. 3o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, all saw its fulfillment as the massive pine was being con- verted into boards. As the good Deacon was untiring in every needed effort to aid the growth of this neighborhood, it was called the "Hunting Settlement" for many years, but is now East Corinth. Thus, from 1792 to 181 1, the four neighborhoods above-specified were receiving additions to their respec- tive localities, and both early settler and recent comer had a watchful eye to their adopted homes. EARLY TRADES, SCHOOLS, ETC. The nineteen years of occupation as a simple town- ship or plantation were years of quiet. Litigation was unknown; men were generally confiding, and at all times accommodating; the scarcity of implements of hus- bandry prompted invention, and necessity almost in- stantly brought forth the hastily made article wanted for immediate use. Mr. Abner Tibbetts made the wood-work, and Mr. John Goodhue the iron-work, of the pioneer plough in Corinth. Mr. Joshua C. Thompson framed and finished barns and dweUing-houses, while Mason Skinner, from straight- grained trees standing within sight of his shop, manu- factured tubs, boxes, kegs, chairs, and almost every article wanted for use. Mr. Rufus Inman, a master of all trades in wood, iron, and steel, manufactured spinning-wheels of every necessary description, made surgical instruments, and with wondrous skill used them; extracted teeth for six and one-fourth cents singly and ten cents for two at one sitting, and would let blood when deemed necessary _ with a lancet of his own making, as keen of edge as his own wit. Mr. Inman believed that Heaven designed that innate goodness and a cheerful spirit should ever live in man (Inman). In those early days the Sabbath was generally ob- served, and dwelling-houses were open for religious wor- ship, while large congregations would meet in newly finished stables, where praise was rendered to the Babe of the manger. To the credit of the first settlers be it recorded that especial care was taken to instruct properly the young. In this parents never tired. The fireside and closet were dedicated institutions of learning, where were taught goodness, truth, justice, and love. By this parents and children alike became self-instructors. What they studied was practical, efficient, and good. By reading carefully they readily attained the common uses of words, and though no work of a Webster was before them, they soon learned that their own thoughts were "un- abridged." The first school in the township was taught by Miss Eunice Fisher, of Canton, Massachusetts. For want of juvenile school-books the thoughtful teacher resorted to object teaching; and the nest of the bird in the lower branches of the tree near the school-room taught the in- fant mind the beauties of bird life, the connubial tender- ness between St. Valentine's mated birds, their care of the little ones, and that the unfledged bird gained strength of wing by failures and renewed efforts, and soon was enabled to reach the highest branch of the tree. The first winter school was taught by Mr. Isaac Hods- don, where scholars were taught to enter the school-room with deferential bow; unbidden, rise when parents or strangers entered or left, and at all times, in the street or elsewhere, with uncovered heads give civil salutations to all they met. This school was called the school of good manners, A WORTHY TRIBUTE. Our first parents in this township were fearless and just, never hiding themselves among the trees of ancient planting, and were early enabled to partake of the fruit of their own industry. We would gladly name them all, but by so doing we should become a tombstone in commemo- rating the dates of the birth and death of early settlers. Biographical notices we would gladly give if space would allow; but what can there be interesting to the public in the lives of men whose chief merit consisted simply in the due fulfillment of the duties of private life? The names of the first settlers are interesting, but it is because they were first settlers. Of them we have no affecting tale to relate, no perils by fire, flood, or field ; no crimes to relate by the wrong-doing of others or themselves; but of them it can be said that they were a moral, religious, prudent people, lovers of kindred and country, who lived lives of industry, and admirable foresight, made the best of their situation, lived in quiet comfort, begat children, and died. MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION. The act of the General Court establishing the town of Corinth, provided that any Justice of the Peace in the County of Hancock might be authorized to issue a war- rant directed to a freeholder in the town of Corinth, requiring him to notify and warn the inhabitants thereof to meet at such convenient time and place as should be appointed in said warrant, for the choice of such officers as towns are by law empowered and required to choose at their annual town meetings. Moses Hodsdon, of Kenduskeag, a Justice of the Peace for the county of Hancock, under his hand and seal on the 3d day of March, 1812, issued his warrant to Wilham Tibbetts, of Corinth, requiring him to notify and warn the freeholders of the town to meet and assemble themselves together on Tuesday,. the 17th day of March, instant, at 10 of the clock in the forenoon, at the dwelling-house of Elijah Skinner, in said town, for the purpose of choosing town officers for the ensuing year. This warrant was read in the presence and hearing of every freeholder and other inhabitant of Corinth, as directed therein, by William Tibbetts. They met at the time and place, and for the purposes aforesaid, and chose the following named per- sons as officers for the year 1812. Mark Trafton, Mod- erator; Isaac Hodsdon, Town Clerk; William Hammond, Elijah Skinner, John Hunting, Selectmen; Mark Traf- ton, Treasurer; William Peabody, Elijah Skinner, David A. Gove, Assessors; Joshua C. Thompson, Reuben Bass, Constables; Andrew Goodhue, Elijah Skinner, Jonathan HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 309 Snow, Joseph Bragdon, Surveyors of Highways; Josiah Simpson, Jonathan Snow, Simon Prescott, Tything-men; Benjamin Dyer, Robert Campbell, Richard Palmer, Abner Tibbetts, Fence Viewers; Rufus Simpson, Mason Skinner, Joseph Prescott, Joshua Herrick, Hog-Reeves. Seven hundred dollars were raised for highways, and it was voted to allow $1.25 for a day's work on the same, eight hours constituting the day. The meeting also raised $200 for schools, if so desired, to be paid in corn at $1 a bushel, rye at- $1.1 7, and wheat at $1.33. One hundred and fifty dollars were raised to defray town charges. The following highways were 'established : A • highway from New Charleston, through the Hunting Set- tlement to the south line of Corinth; a highway from John Goodhue's running in a northerly direction through the Skinner setderaent and Simpson (now Eddy) settle- ment to the Exeter line; and a highway ffom Lewis Bean's (i;he Ohio settlement) running northerly to the Exeter line. STILL HIGHER DUTIES. Notwithstanding the necessary labor in building these highways, yet the formation of school districts, erecting school-houses, and selecting suitable grounds for ceme- teries were duties not overlooked; and schools were commenced as soon as school-houses could be erected. Among the early settlers were those endowed with large capacities and rare abilities, who, sensibly feeling the want of schools in their own early life, resolved to do 9II in their power to enable the young by early instruc- tion to become more fully educated than themselves, and thus imbued with the truth that the present time is the planting hour, busied themselves as best they could in depositing the acorn, that those coming after them might find the oak. At this time the venerable Father Sawyer, "the Pilgrim of a hundred years," whose efforts had much to do in establishing the Theological Seminary in Bangor, while on his missionary labors through the Penobscot region, visited the newly made settlements, and. with that mind which sheds light on whatever it sees, and with fitting words in voice sweet to the ear of childhood, he spake truths which overwhelmed them with floods of happy thought; the influence of that good man's words live ' even to this day, as they lived more than half a century ago with the early settlers, who then were putting forth that stretch of endeavor which taxed muscle of mind, heart, and hand. THE EDDYS, OF EDDINGTON. ' In 18 1 8 several families from Eddington moved into the Eddy Settlem9«+, which formed an important acquisi- tion to the town. Among the new comers was Mr. William Eddy, who was born in Sackville, New Bruns- wick, July I, 1775, and died in Corinth, January 22, ' 1852. His death was occasioned by a fall from a scaffold in his barn, and was greatly lamented. Mr. Jonathan M. Eddy, oldest son of William Eddy, was born in Eddington, October 22, 1797, and died in Corinth, August 5, 1875. Pope pronounced a fitting eulogy on Mr. Eddy, when he declared, Au honest man's the noblest work of God. For his first wife he married Miss Eliza Morrill, who died February 5, 1861. His second wife was Mrs. Elizabeth G. Twombly, with whom he happily passed the remaining days of a useful and happy life. THE FIRST MILITARY COMPANY of local infantry was commanded by Captain William Bean, and embraced the soldiery of Corinth and Le- vant. In 1823 the soldiers of Levant were withdrawn, and became a separate company, under command of Lieutenant Daniel Little. A military spirit was soon after much encouraged by the officers residing in Corinth, viz.: General Isaac Hodsdon, General Charles Piper, Colonel Josiah Morrill, Adjutant George Simpson, Major ' M. S. Palmer, and Major Ora Oakman. RELIGIOUS HISTORY.. In 1823 the Rev. Stephen Dexter became the first settled minister in the town. Mr. Dexter was born in Cape Cod in 1776, and died in Corinth in August, 1836. His ministry was very satisfactory to his people. He was a man of industry, and equally at home on the farm, in the shop, or in the pulpit. His family was large, and sons and daughters learned to follow a father's judicious example and timely instructions. The first church edifice (Baptist) was built in 1832, near the residence of the pastor. In 1856 the building .was removed to a very desirable location in East Corinth village, and $676,017. The valuation of this town in 1801, when Hampden was in Hancock county, and Hancock county was in Massachusetts, is given as follows in a curious old official record in the possession of the Bangor Historical Soci- ety: Polls, 200; III dwellings, at 24 shillings; 5 shops, at 18; I tannery, 36; i potash factory, 36; 8 ware- houses, 30; 2 grist-mills, 60; i saw-mill, $15; i other mill, 36 shillings; 72 barns, 15; vessels, 319 tons; in trade, $5,800; cash, $1,200; tillage, 294 acres, at 90 cents; upland mowing land, 906 acres, $1.20; pasture, 327 acres, 3 shillings; woodland, 17,601 acres, 9 shil- lings; unimprovable, 146 acres; flowed by water, 1,182 acres; horses, 62; oxen, 115; cows, 274; swine, 182. Hampden's war record. The first taste which the good people of the infant set- tlement in this town had of real war was about the mid- dle of August, 1779, after the disgraceful abandonment by the American fleet of its position before Fort George, at 'Biguyduce, on the Castine peninsula, and its escape up the river. When it was found that the vessels could not be saved from pursuit and destruction by the enemy, the patriots themselves began to destroy them. A number of them, as we have seen in the history of Brewer, were burned at Bangor; and the Vengeance, a vessel of twenty-four guns, and the General Putnam, mounting twenty-two guns, were similarly destroyed by their crews in the river opposite Hampden. • It is an interesting fact that one of the ships of the fleet was itself named Hamp- den, carrying twenty guns. It was overtaken by the enemy in Marsh Bay, and surrendered to them. In 1814, during the last war with Great Britain, this town was the scene «of a sudden gathering of the local militia and volunteers, to repel the British fleet, which was reported ascending the Penobscot River, to capture the United States corvette Adams, which was lying at the , wharf, with two valuable merchant vessels at anchor in the river. Brigadier-General Blake, of Brewer, was in command of the forces. Captain Morris, who had formed two batteries upon Crosby's wharf, on perceiving the ap- proach of the fleet, preceded. by barges full of soldiers, opened fire upon them for about half an hour; when, seeing that the militia on the hill were rapidly retreating, as appeared afterward without orders, and that, they could not be rallied to his support, and knowing that in a very short time he would be outflanked by the enemy, he spiked his guns, set fire to the Adams and the store- houses, and retreated with his brave companions to Ban- gor, and thence through the woods to the Kennebec. The vessels and the village were soon within the power of the enemy; the people were maltreated, their houses and stores pillaged and burned, and their cattle killed. A fuller account of this affair, with the subsequent movements of the British here and at Bangor, is com- prised in the Military Record, in the first division of this book, where also will be found a list of the militia en- gaged from this county, The corvette Adams, it seems, had proved a serious scourge to the enemy. She was rated as an eighteen-gun vessel, but really carried twenty-four guns. Leaving Sa- vannah the preceding May, for a cruise, she had within three months captured two brigs, a ship, and a schooner. Her good fortune seemed to desert her, however, on en- tering Penobscot Bay the latter part of July. It was thick weather, and the corvette struck upon a rock, where she remained for some time, finally getting afloat and making her way up the river to Hampden with a great deal of difficulty, and arriving there August ist, with several feet of water in the hold and a number of the crew disabled by scurvy. Here she was repairing and refitting when the British came up on the 14th of that month. The names of the men of Hampden who served in the late civil war are also contained in our Military Chapter, in the rosters of their several companies and regiments. They make a long and honorable roll. We may properly add here some notices of the more promi- nent soldiers from Hampden, as found in the War Re- ports of General Hodsdon, Adjutant-General of the State : Captain Ezekiel R. Mayo was mustered into the U. S. service as First Lieutenant in the Third Maine Battery, at its original organization, December 11, 1861, and remained with it in the State until April i, 1862, when the Maine batteries were ordered to Washington. On their arrival, instead of being mounted, as had been anticipated, the Third Battery was assigned to special duty as pontoon engineers, and attached to the Depart- ment of the Rappahannock, under General McDowell. On reaching Fredericksburg, April 29th, the battery was immediately employed in bridging the Rappahannock for the passage of General McDowell's troops for his ex- pected movement on Richmond. About the 20th of May, Lieutenant Mayo was placed in command of a detachment of fifty mounted men of his battery, armed with four twelve-pound howitzers, and assigned to General George D. Bayard's cavalry brigade, which he joined May 27th, while on the march from Falmouth to Front Royal. At the latter place, the 372 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. brigade was ordered to the assistance of General Fre- mont, and on June 2d crossed the north branch of the Shenandoah, joined General Fremont at Strasburg, and participated in the pursuit of Stonewall Jackson up the valley. Returning from the valley, he rejoined General McDowell's corps at Manassas Junction, but upon the consolidation of the forces in Northern Virginia he was directed to turn in the howitzers and report with his de- tachment to Captain Swett, who was still on pontoon service with a large portion of the Third Battery. On the loth of September the pontoon bridge was transferred to the engineer brigade, and the Third Bat- tery assigned to duty in the defenses of Washington, Lieutenant Mayo serving there in different capacities un- til January 18, 1864. March 28, 1863, the Third Battery was attached to the First Maine Heavy Artillery, and became Company M of that regiment, but did not join for duty until the loth of June following. Meanwhile, Captain Swett being dis- charged, Lieutenant Mayo assumed command of the company. On the isth of June he was promoted to be Captain, and was mustered in as such in the Heavy Ar- tillery, with which regiment he served until January 18, 1864, when he was ordered to report at Augusta, Maine, with his company for furlough and reorganization, three- fourths of the men having re-enlisted as veterans. While there, in February, he received orders from Washington detaching his company from the Heavy Artillery and di- recting him to report at Camp Barry, District of Co- lumbia, to be equipped as a mounted battery, according to the original design. Captain Mayo reported March 29th, and remained in camp of instruction until July 5th, when he embarked with his battery for City Point, Vir- ginia, with orders to report to the Army of the Potomac for duty, where it was assigned to the Ninth Array Corps under General Burnside. On joining that corps before Petersburg, July 9th, the battery was at once ordered into position before the enemy's lines, near the Norfolk Railroad, and occupied various positions on those lines until October 25, 1864, being almost daily engaged with the enemy — the principal action being that of July 30th, known as the Petersburg Mine. On October 25th, Captain Mayo was further ordered to the defenses of City Point, and placed in command of the reserve artillery brigade. Army of the Potomac, comprising five lightbatteries.thereserveammunitionand supply train,and one company of New York heavy artillery. He held that command until April 5, 1865, when there- serve artillery was increased to a command of several brigades, under General William Hayes, Captain Mayo being in the First Brigade, until about the ist of June, when the several volunteer batteries in the Army of the Potomac were ordered to their respective States to be mustered out of service. Captain Mayo, returning with his own to Maine, was discharged at Augusta, June 1 7, 1865. Captain Henry Crosby.— At the time of his entering the army, Mr. Crosby was part owner and superintendent of a paper mill in Hampden, the place of his birth. From the commencement he took a strong interest in everything pertaining to the war, and his first impulse was to esiiSt among the foremost men who entered the service. But being at that time prevented by private duties of paramount importance, he. gave his immediate attention to aid in raising the quotas of his town. When, however, in 1862, the call for troops for nine months was made, he obtained the necessary recruiting papers, and in a few days enlisted the town's quota of about sixty men, who with others from neighboring towns were organized a company, of which he was unanimously elected captain. This company being the first organized to report at the muster-in of the Twenty-second regiment at Bangor, became company A. From the time he was mustered in at Bangor until his death before Port Hudson, he remained with his com- pany; his brieif career in the army is therefore comprised in the history of the Twenty-second Regiment. Though not favored by the fortunes of war with many opportuni- ties for the display of courage and bravery in battle, there were not wanting daily opportunities for the exhibition of virtues perhaps more rare. Accepting the command of his company as a position imposing responsibilities rather than as conferring privileges, he considered it to be his duty to relieve his men as far as possible of the hardships and privations incident to camp life. Captain Crosby was struck by a musket ball in the side early on the morning of June ir, 1863, while lead- ing his company in a reconnoissance before Port Hud- son. He lived until the next morning, and dying, left as a legacy to his mourning comrades his last words: "It is a glorious cause to die for." Dr. Lincoln, chaplain of the regiment, in writing of the deceased to the Bangor Whig, paid a well-merited tribute of respect to his mem- ory, when he said: "In the death of Captain Crosby we lost one of our best ofificers and one of the noblest of men. He was frank, large-hearted, and true. He was like a father in his company and universally beloved. He had won the confidence of his superiors as a military man, and only the day before he was wounded General Banks had offered him the command of a colored regi- ment. But he had borne his part and his work was done. Brave and faithful to the last, he fell at the head of his company leading forward his men." His remains were entombed in New Orleans to be brought home for their final resting place in his native town. The following named appear on the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College, as published in the same Reports; Class of 1857. — Charles Hamlin was born in Hamp- den in September, 1837; was Major of the Eighteenth Maine, which was re-organized into the First Heavy Ar- tillery, rank bearing date July, 1862; was appointed As- sistant Adjutant-General United States Volunteers on the staff of Major-General Berry, Third Army Corps; was As- sistant Inspector of Artillery; was Lieutenant Colonel by brevet, andbrevetted Brigadier-General; was commended •by Major-General Humphreys for services at Gettysburg. Class of i860. — EzekielR. Mayo, previously noticed. Class of 1862. — George E. Brown was born in Hamp- den in November, 1841; was mustered in Sergeant of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 373 Twenty-second Maine in October, 1862; was promoted First Lieutenant; served on the Mississippi in General Grover's Division; at Port Hudson he, with Captain Case (class of 1848), volunteered with five men from the regiment to form a storming party. Class of 1863. — Arthur B. Arey was born in Hamp- den in May, 1840; did not prosecute his college course; United States Navy. Class of 1867. — Melvin F. Arey was born in Hamp- den in January, 1844; was admitted, and after a year's service returned and fell back a year in his course; mus- tered into United States service in October, 1862, Twenty-second Maine; private and then corporal. RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. The first church building in Hampden is said to have been erected in 1796, and for thirty years it was the only one in the town. It survived as one of the relics of early times, and for many years has been used as a Town Hall. The Congregational Church here dates from May 6, 1817. In 1821 it numbered about thirty members. It is now ministered unto by the Rev. C. D. Crane. The Calvinistic Baptist Church was founded in Hamp- den long before this — as early as 1809. The Rev. Otis Briggs, a graduate of Brown University, was its pastor for eight years. He was the first Baptist preacher to be set- tled in Bangor, where he remained two years. The Hampden church had thirty-six members in 182 1. Elder Ephraim Drew is now the pastor of the Baptist church at West Hampden. There are also two Methodist Episcopal churches in the town — one at Hampden Corner, in charge (1881) of Rev, A. S. Townsend; the other at West Hampden, un- der Rev. L. A. Gould. The Academy in Hampden was incorporated on the 7th of March, 1803. It was the first of the higher schools in the Valley, and has had a long, honorable, and highly useful career. BUSINESS. Besides the manufacturing enterprises mentioned in the preceding part of this sketch, it may be mentioned that shipbuilding was for many years one of the indus- tries of the Penobscot shore in this town. In April, 1861, the schooner Dahlia, 126 tons, was built here; also, in November, 1866, the schooner Ward J. Parks, 240 tons, new measurement. From time to time other vessels have been launched from the Hamp- den shipyard. There are also in the town about thirty general stores and merchants in various lines of operation; two resi- dent physicians and one lawyer, one civil engineer, one steamboat agent, one hotel (the Penobscot House), and one livery stable in connection, one insurance agent, four blacksmiths and one shipsmith, one rigger, four * calkers, two dock repairers, one saw-filer, three butchers, four carpenters and builders, one dressmaker, two hair- workers, two painters, one paper-hanger, one stone-cutter, and three masons. MINING COMPANIES. At least two of these have been organized for opera- tions in Hampden — the Norombega Silver Mining Com- pany, and the Consolidated Hampden Silver Company. Both were organized in Bangor, and are officered there. Mr. J. S. Ricker is President of the former, E. H. Dakin Secretary, and William H. Darling Superintendeut. Of the latter ex-Mayor F. M. Laughton is President, C. F. Bragg Secretary, and Charles Dunton Superintendent. SOCIETIES. The Free Masons have a lodge in Hampden, the "Mystic," meeting on the third Saturday of each month. The Hampden Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and the Eastern Star Grange, No. i, of the Patrons of Husbandry — one of the earliest formed in the State — are the remaining societies of the town. The Hampden Band might be added, which has Mr. George E. Reed for leader. PUBLIC OFFICERS IN 1880. The postmasters of the town are as follow : A. C. Wing; East, T. Gary; West, I. C. York; Neally's Corner, Thomas J. Knowles; Corner, Benjamin F. Smith; Center, Alonzo Taylor. B. B.«Thomas, R. W. Murch, A. H. Loud, Selectmen; B. B. Thomas, Town Clerk; Lewis Robinson, Treasurer; Lewis Robinson, Collector; S. Phipps, I. N. Mayo, H. C. Mayo, Oliver Littlefield, Constables; H. W. Mayo,' L. A. Gould, George E. Keyes, School Committee; J. G. Patten, H. L. Hopkins, A. K. Walker, E. H. Barrett, John Leary, Jr., Rufus Jones, Henry W. Mayo, Benja- min B. Thomas, Wilbur Sawyer, Joseph W. Higgins, Samuel Phipps, John Dudley, James H. Stewart, Trial Justices. SETTLEMENT NOTES. Daniel Crosby, of Hampden, is a son of John Cros- by, who was born in Hampden. His grandfather was also named John, and was one of the early settlers of Hampden. He came from Woolwich, Maine, about 1795. He was President of a, bank in Bucksport, and engaged in importing goods from Europe and the East Indies. He was a man of prominence during his life. His son, John Crosby, Jr., married Ann K. Stetson. The Stetson family was one of the early families here. Their history appears in this work. John Crosby, Jr., was a manufacturer of lumber and was engaged for many years here in trade. He built vessels and was an im- porter of West India goods.* He did not engage in public life, but acquired a competency in legitimate bus- iness. He died in 1863 at the age of seventy-seven. He had nine children, viz : Charles S., deceased, was County Attorney of this county; -John, now in Min- nesota, in the business of flour manufacture; Elizabeth K.; Henry, deceased (Captain of Company A, Twenty- second Maine Volunteers, killed at Port Hudson); Daniel; Ann K., wife of L. A. Emery, of Ellsworth, Maine; Sarah D., unmarried; Simeon S., deceased; and Maria B., widow of the late Abram Hammatt. Daniel Crosby, the fourth son of this family, is a graduate of Bowdoin College class of 1855. After completing his * Also senior partner of the paper manufacturing firms of Crosby, Holt & Co. and J. & B. Crosby. 374 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. college course he studied law and was admitted to the Penobscot Bar, but soon after removed to Missouri. He remained in Missouri three years, engaged in teaching and publishing a paper. During the war, in 1862, he re- turned to Hampden, Maine, and bought an interest in the paper-mill here in addition to that held by his father. The firm names of the two mills are Crosby, Holt & Co., and J. and B. Crosby & Co. Here he has since lived. These mills have a capacity of five thousand pounds per day of book and news paper. Mr. Crosby is not married. Colonel Araasa K. Walker, of Hampden, is a son of Aaron Walker and Betsey Knowles Walker. His grand- father's name was Eleazer Walker, who was a native of England and came over in the Mayflower. Aaron and Betsey Walker had eleven children, of whom Amasa K. is the oldest son that lived to grow up, and the next to the youngest child. Aaron Walker came to Hampden in 1786. He drove the first ox team from Hampden to the west part of the town, in 1800. He settled on the place where Amasa now lives. He would not accept town office. He was in the War of 181 2 and in the battle of Hampden. Mr. Amasa Walker h»s as a souvenir of this engagement a belt, scabbard, bayonet, and gun. The belt has a bullet hole through it, and is covered with blood, as taken from the body of a British soldier at the battle of Hampden. Mr. Walker died September 27, 1847. Mrs. Walker survived him, dying February 28, i860. Amasa Walker was born December 12, 181 7, on the farm in West Hampden, now Neally's Corner. He has been engaged principally in farming. He married Miss Mary Ann Cobb, of Hampden. Mrs. Walker died January i, 1879. They had six children, viz : Charles L., deceased; William F., deceased; An- drew M., also deceased; Mary E.; Sarah, wife of Charles W. Page, of Newburg; and Eva D. Mr. Walker was elected as Lieutenant in the Hampden Light Infantry; was promoted to Captain ajid went into the Aroostook war, where he was promoted to Colonel. In 1854 and 1855 l^s represented his town in the Legislature and again in 1864 and 1865. He is and has always been, a Re- publican. He has held prominent town offices in his town. He has a good farm of one hundred and twenty acres, being the old homestead, where his father settled in 1800. In 1786 Freeman Knowles settled in Hampden, this county. He came from England, and settled first in Eastham, Massachusetts, but came to Hampden as above. His son, Jonathan Knowles, was born in Eastham in 1778, and in 1794 married Mehitabel Snow, of Orring- ton, Maine. They had eleven children, four sons and seven daughters, all deceased but four. He was a farmer and at that time one of the prominent men in town, hold- ing the office of Selectman eight years and representing the town in the Legislature thirteen years. In the War of 18 1 2 he held the office of First Lieutenant in the bat- tle of Hampden and afterwards was promoted to Cap- tain. He died at Hampden in 1858. His wife died the next year. Thomas I. Knowles, son of Jonathan Knowles, was born August 13, 1815, in Hampden. He married Miriam W. Harding, June 20, 1843. They have ten children, five sons and five daughters. Mr. Knowles is a farmer and holds the office of Postmaster at Neally's Corner. He was a First Lieutenant in the Twenty-sec- ond Maine Volunteers during the Rebellion, and is one of the prominent men of his town. The first representative of the Doane family who set- tled in this county was Amos Doane, who came to Hampden in 1784, He married Mary Myrick. They had eight children, viz : Isaac, said to be the first white child born on the Penobscot River; Daniel, Edward, Amos, William, Elisha, and Lydia. He buried his first wife, and married for his second wife Abigail Libbey. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. During his early life he followed the sea, but during his later days he was a farmer. He died in 1842. His oldest son, Isaac, married Lettice Higgins for his first wife ; his sec- ond wife was Caroline Snow. He had ten children, viz: Isaac H., Samuel, Edward, Susan, Sarah, Sophronia, Dorcas, Albert, Mary, and Amos. He was in the War of 1812. Mr. Doane died August i, 1872. Edward Doane, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1814. He married Mahala Hanson. They have had seven chil- dren, viz: George P., Adrianna (deceased), George R, Albert, Henry, Augusta (deceased), and Warren. Mr Doane is a farmer. One son is in Colorado, one in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, and two in Hampden. Calvin Snow, one of the old men of Hampden, is a son of Harding Snow, who came from Wellfleet, Massa- chusetts, to Hampden, when it was a wilderness. He was a soldier in the Revolution. His wife was Betsey Cobb before her marriage. The only surviving member of their family is Calvin Snow. During his early life Hard- ing Snow followed the sea, but in later years he followed the occupation of a farmer. Mrs. Snow was noted for her Christian character, and was a woman greatly loved by all. She died September 9, 1856. Mr. Snow died in October, 1846, at the advanced age of ninety-three. Calvin Snow, ^ho is now eighty years old, married So- phronia Holbrook in 1825. Their family consisted of eleven children, viz : Jane A. (Mrs. Spofford), Mary C, (Mrs. Nason), Margaret W. (Mrs. Carlisle), Sophronia C, Rosallie H. (deceased), Henry C, Joseph H. (deceased), Joseph H. (second), Susan A. (Mrs. Blaisdell), Maria T. (Mrs. Fair), Helen A. (Mrs. Harriman). Mr. and Mrs. Snow are both still living in Hampden, revered and loved by their children and all their numerous friends. Peter Newcomb, who was born June 15, 1803, is a son ot Peter and Dorcas Newcomb {nee Dorcas Snow), from Cape Cod. His grandfather. Captain Reuben Newcomb, came to Hampden from Cape Cod at a very early day. He was one of the first settlers at Hampden Corner. Peter Newcomb was in the War of 1812, and was Captain of the Hampden company. This company took an active part in the battle of Hampden. He was a ship-builder and a farmer. He died in Hampden many years ago— about 1 8 16. Mrs. Newcomb died in Massachusetts about 1866. They had nine children, four of whom only are living, viz: Mercy, now Mrs. Cowan, of Her- man; Peter; Maria, now Mrs. Samuel Freeman, of Or- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 375 leans, in Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Thomas, also in Massachusetts. The names of the deceased were: Reuben, Elnathan, Harriet (Smith), Elrnira (Durrell), and Phoebe. Mr. Newcomb^ now of Hampden, has al- ways been a farmer. He has cleared up a large portion of the farm where he now lives, and cleared one farm be- fore. He married Melinda Robinson, daughter of Isaac and Rachel Robinson, of Hampden. They have had eight children, viz : Almira, wife of A. Corthell, of Rock- poit, Maine; Orda, deceased; Charles E. of Brewer, Maine; Wilson, in Baltimore; Willis, now in Bangor; Freeman, of Hampden ; Arabine, wife of Otis Farnham, of Hampden, and Lama, married to James Bowes, of Bangor. B. W. Harding, of Hampden, is a son of Harvey and Susanna Harding {nee Susanna Wilson). His grand- father, Job Harding, came to Hampden from Medway, Massachusetts, in 1800. He was an apothecary in Mas- sachusetts, and after coming here practiced medicine and was known as Dr. Harding. During his later life he was engaged in farming. Harvey and Susanna Hard- ing had ten children, viz: Benjamin W.; Hiram, de- ceased; Miriam W,, wife of Thomas J. Knowles, of Hampden; Susan M., married Rufus Bartlett, of Hamp- den; Harvey, jr„ now deceased; Edwin A., now in Washington in the Pension Office — his family are in Hampden; Ambrose H., now in Mississippi; Philander H., deceased; Frances A., wife of Albert Hall, of Her- mon, Maine. One died in infancy. Mr. Harding was a farmer. He came here when nine years of age, and al- ways lived here on the place where Benjamin now lives. He died in 1864. Mrs. Harding died in 1869. Benja- min W. Harding was born October 16, 181 6, in Hamp- den. He received the common school education then afforded in the public schools. On becoming of age he remained with his father on the old place, and on his death bought out the heirs. Here he has since lived. He married Mary E. Pickard, of Hampden, for his first wife, who died in 1878, in February, leaving two chil- dren— Roscoe W., of Hampden, and Lurietta V., wife of Hiram E. Bartlett, of Hampden. Mr. Harding married, for his second wife, Mrs. Emeline E. Prescott, of Troy. She had two children by her former husband, Permelia M. Hillmari and Freeman. . Mr. Harding has often been elected as Selectman of his town, and in 1875 was sent to Augusta to represent his district, comprising Hamp- den and Veazie, in the Legislature. He lives in the western part of the town, known as Neally's Corner. Jabez Gould, of Hampden, was born April 7, 1806. He is a son of John Gould, who came here from Gor- ham, Maine, about 1804. He settled in the Knowles neighborhood. Here he spent the remainder of his life. He married Mrs. Betsey Snow, by whom he had six children, one of whom only is now living beside Jabez — Allen, who lives in Hampden. The names of the de- ceased were John, Hannah, and Lucy, and one died in infancy. Mr. Gould died in 1875 at the age of ninety- four. Mrs. Gould died many years ago. Jabez Gould has followed farming principally for a business. He married Miss Paulina Walker, daughter of Aaron Walker, of Hampden. They have had twelve children, of whom five are living— Laura, deceased; Lucy, deceased; Amasa, now in Cahfornia; Robert, now in Washington Territory; Elizabeth, deceased; Charlotte, deceased; John, drowned at sea; L. Asbury, of Hampden, a Methodist minister; David, deceased; Clara, and Dora. One, the eldest, died in infancy. Mr. Gould lives in West Hampden, and is a successful farmer. Warren L. Cobb, of Hampden, is a son of Levi and Olive Cobb {nee Olive Newcomb). His grandfather, Ezekiel Cobb, came from Gorham, Maine, to Hampden about 1804. He settled in what is now called Neally's Corner, in the same neighborhood where Mr. W. L. Cobb now lives. Levi and Olive Cobb had six children —Olive S., wife of Loren Lanpher; Ezekiel, of Bangor; Levi, deceased; Warren D.; Mary E, widow of Ben- jamin Knowles, and one died in infancy. Mr. Cobb, during his early life, followed the sea for some years. During his later life he was engaged in farming. He died in 1846. Mrs. Cobb died in 1877. Warren L. Cobb was born May 24, 1837, in Hampden. He has always lived here on the old homestead. He married Ellen Godfrey, daughter of David and Hannah Godfrey, of Orrington, Maine. Mrs. Cobb died December 18, 187s, leaving one son — Wilbur R. They lost one child in infancy — Carrie May. The first representative of the Ware family who set- tled in this country was John Ware, who settled on the Kennebec. One of his sons, Captain Josiah Ware, was born on the Kennebec in 1787, and came to Hampden in 1807. He married Ruth Atwood and reared a family of seven children, two sons and five daughters. He fol- lowed the sea. At the time of the Hampden battle, in 1814, he commanded a military company. He died in 1837. Josiah Ware, his son, married Elmira C. Holt. They have three children,. Albert S., Clara E., and How- ard W. Mr. Ware is a farmer and mechanic. Theophilus Stanley, of Hampden, is a son of James and Margaret Stanley {nee Cowan). Mr. Stanley was a native of Hopkinton, New Hampshire. He came to Hampden about 1808 or 1809. He settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. John Stanley in West Hampden. He had seven children, viz: Theophilus; Thomas, de- ceased; Emily, now Mrs. Justus Emerson, of Carmel; Julia, deceased; Margaret; Ruth, deceased. He follow- ed farming for a business, and died here in Hampden. Mrs. Stanley survived him but a few years. Theophilus Stanley was born June 28, 1799, in Gardiner, Maine. He first engaged in lumber work on the Penobscot, re- maining some six years, when he settled on the farm where he now lives, in West Hampden. Here he has always lived. He married Rachel Patterson, of Hamp- ('en. They had two daughters, Hannah and Ruth. Hannah married Lewis Smith, of Hampden; Ruth is de- ceased. In former years Mr. Stanley held prominent town ofifices, and was by his townsmen sent to the Legis- lature in 1842 and 1843. He is now past eighty-two years old and still able to carry on his small farm. He is a man highly respected by his neighbors. He is now living with his daughter, Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Stanley died 376 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. in 1837. Having come here when ten years of age, he can relate much of interest about the early settlement of the town, as he retains his faculties to a marked degree. William Gary, the subject of this sketch, was born in Hampden, August 28, 1822. In early life he received a common school education, and was engaged with his father till twenty-one years of age. After that time he engaged in the mercantile business in Hampden, in which business he continued till his death, which oc- curred October r, 1881. He was a Free and Accepted Mason, was a member of Mystic Lodge, Hampden. In early life he was a Methodist and later a Universalist. He had been Selectman a number of years; was Repre- sentative in the State Legislature. He first was Post- master of East Hampden, and continued in office till the war, when, being a Democrat, the office went to the other party. He has held other township offices. He married Sarah E. Sprague May 28, 1855. By this union seven children were born, viz : Infant, Willie F., Ross- elle, Hattie M., Gracie, Lulu, Robert. Fred Sawyer, of Hampden, is a son of Ainos and Betsey Sawyer. His mother's name was Betsey Sylves- ter. Stephen Sawyer, his grandfather, came from Ames- bury, Massachusetts, and settled on the place in West Hampden where Fred now lives. He, unUke most of the early settlers, chose, low land, and the wisdom of his choice is now plainly manifest. He had four chil- dren — John, now in Hampden; Mary Elizabeth, now Mrs. Allen Carter, of Hermon Centre; Melvina, wife of Charles Patterson, and Fred. Mr. Sawyer was a farmer and millman. He died in 1877. Mrs. Sawyer is still living with her daughter, Mrs. Patterson. Fred Sawyer was born February 3, 1848. He married Julia York, daugh- ter of Isaiah York. They have one son, Arthur. The old homestead, where Fred now lives, contains 130 acres and is located m the west part of Hampden. Thadeus Nason, the subject of this sketch, was born in Liniington, York county, April 15, 1803. He is a son of Enoch and Lucy Nason, of Liraington, and by occupation is a farmer. He settled in an early day, cleared up the farm, and was one of the pioneers of the township. He died in Cornish, York county, in his eighty-second year. His children were : Abigail, Thad- deus, Enoch, Hannah, Mary, Durell, all of whom are dead but Thaddeus. In his early days he lived with his father till twenty-one, after which he settled in Standish, York county, and engaged in farming. From there he moved to Cornish and remained there three years. From there he went to Dixmont, where he lived forty- two years, after which he settled on the place now oc- cupied by the family. He married Narcissa Stone, daughter of Solomon and Hannah Stone, of Limington, March 13, r822. She died September 3, 1880. By the above union nine children were born, seven of whom are living: Daniel S., William, Eliza J., Solomon S., Han- nah S., Mary, Darius, Sarah N., and Albert. William married Elizabeth A. Parker, of Monroe, March 10, 1862. His children were: Samuel, deceased; Hannah M„ born July 29, 1866, living at home; Darius, married Lizzie Mudgett, of Dixmont, February 23, 1859, and has three children; Walter H., born January 26, i860, has been studying medicine ; has been one year at Bruns- wick; one and one-half years in Orono College, and now lives at home; Charles, born January 29, 1864, is en- gaged in farming and butchering, buying lands, etc Nathaniel M., born September 7, 1875, "ow at home. Rufus Bartlett, of Hampden, is a son of John Bartlett, who came to Newburg from Shapleigh, Maine. John Bartlett married Hannah Perry. They had twelve chil- dren, viz: Joseph, now of Newburg, Maine; Lydia, widow of the late Richard EUingwood, of Winterport, Maine; Eveline, now Mrs. Newcomb, of Newburg; Rufus; John, deceased; Hannah, deceased, married Eben Hall, of Winterport; Frankhn, deceased; Fidelia, wife of David Morrill, of Bangor, and Nancy P., de- ceased. The others died in early life. Mr. Bartlett al- ways followed farming as a business. He died in New- burg in 1839. Mrs. Bartlett died in 1865. Rufus Bartlett, the third son of this family, was born October 15, 1823, in Newburg. He received a common school education and settled in Newburg as a farmer. After liv- ing there until 1856 he moved to the place where he now lives in Hampden, near Neally's Corner. He married Miss Dorcas '\\'hitney, daughter of Isaac Whitney, of Newburg. This couple have had seven children, all of whom are deceased except Hiram E. Their names were Isaac F., Bertha L., Hiram E., Augusta and Gustavus (twins), Julia, and Henry. Emery and Hiram E. live in Hampden. Mr. Bartlett has always been engaged in farming. H. W. Hammond, of Hampden, was born December 19, 1837, in Bangor. His father, Charles Henry Ham- mond, was a son of Charles Hammond, who came to Bangor among the first settlers. Hammond street in Bangor was named for him. He married Betsey Brown. They had five children, viz: Eliza Ann; Eliza Ann (the first of name died ere second was born); Charles Henry, born March 5, 1809; Mary Brown, born February 4, 1812; Harriet H., born April 22, 1814. Charles Ham- mond died at Bangor, April 12, 1815, aged thirty-six years. Mrs. Hammond died in December, 1871. Charles Henry Hammond, the only son of the family, married Helen Maria Perley, of Bangor, September 19, 1833. Her family were from Kennebec county. They had two sons, Charles and Henry. He was a grocery- man in Bangor for some years, and went to California during the gold excitement in that region, and has not been heard from for years. Supposed to be dead. Mrs. Hammond died in Bangor, January 14, 1844, aged thirty years. Henry W. Hammond has been engaged in farming in Hampden for about twenty years. He now lives near Hampden Corner, and is the only living male representative of this branch of the Hammond family. He married for his first wife Amanda Penney, of Hami)- den. She died December 6, 1870, leaving two children named Addie E. and Charles C. Mr. Hammond mar- ried for his second wife Emma Z. Brown, daughter of Charles and Emeline Brown, of Hampden. They have no children. Eben Wheelden, of Hampden, is a son of Levi and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 377 Sarah I. Wheelden. Levi Wheelden was born in Or- rington. His father, Ebenezer Wheelden, was a native of Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Levi Wheel- den had twelve children, viz.: Ellen, Eben, Abbie, Alexander, Levi O. D., Dennis, Elizabeth, Lidora, Mary, and John. Two died in infgjicy. He has followed farming and milling for a business. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wheelden are now living in Ellsworth, Maine. Eben Wheelden, the oldest son of the family, was born Febru- ary 10, 1835. He received a common school education, and since beginning business for himself has always been in the lumber business. He married Maria Hoxie, daughter of John Hoxie, of Bucksport, Maine. They have two children, Gertie and Etta. Mr. Wheelden is a member of the firm of C. G. Sterns & Co., manufacturers oflumber. He first engaged in this business in Hamp- den, about 1867. They have two mills, and employ about eighty men, cutting out about twelve million feet of lumber per year. Benjamin L. Simpson, of Hampden, was born March II, 1834. He is a son of William R. Simpson, of New- burg, who came from Dorchester, Massachusetts. William Simpson married Susan Tolman. They had seven children, viz: Susan, wife of Alden Tribow, of Newburg ; Mary, wife of George W. Whitney, of Bangor; William, now in Newburg; Ann T., wife of John Clements, of Exeter, New Hampshire; Benjamin L; Henry, of Newport, Maine; Charles, also in Newburg. Mr. Simpson moved to Belfast, and started the first paper ever published there, the Belfast Journal. He moved to Newburg from Belfast about 1829, and died in 1870. Mrs. Simpson died in 1869. Benjamin L. Simpson, the second son of this family, was born March 11, 1834. He learned the engineer's trade by practical work about an engine, and is now en- giner in Hodgkins's steam saw-mill in Hampden. He married Mary Eliingwood, daughter of Captain Nathan Ellingwood, of Winterport, Maine. They have one son, Harry by name. Mr. Simpson has a farm, which he carries on in connection with his trade, though not able to do much on the farm himself. One of the first settlers in Hampden was Elisha De- lano. He had five children. One of his sons, Paul Delano, now living in Hampden, married Maria West, and has always lived in Winterport. He formerly fol- lowed the business of shoemaking and also worked at carpenter work. He has had two wives. By his first wife he had five children, and by his second wife, Maria West, he had ten children, viz: John, deceased; George A.; Lucy E., wife of James Dean, of Hampden; Martin v., of Winterport; Nathan, of Hampden; Sarah, de- ceased; Warren, now living in Hampden; Helen and Henry, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Delano are both living. , He is eighty-eight and has been an invalid for twenty- seven years, since having a shock of palsy. He has had three shocks of palsy, and is entirely helpless. George A. Delano was born January 7, 1830, in Winterport. On arriving at manhood he went to sea and finally became master of a vessel. He followed the sea fourteen years. During this time he married Susan Gray, who separated 48 from him in 1867. After obtaining a divorce he married, in 1870, Hattie-B. Cole. By his first wife he had three children — Maria, wife of William Whitney, of Hampden; Flora, and Charles. Mr. Delano has no children by his present wife, but they have adopted three children. After giving up his seafaring life he settled in Hampden, where he has been engaged in staging, livery, and hotel business. He is also agent for the Penobscot River boats. His hotel is known as the Penobscot House. David J. Jewell, of Hampden, was born August 5, 1836, in Tro)', Maine. His father, David Jewell, was a native of Newfield, New Hampshire. He married Wealthy Haynes, of Swansville, Maine, and they had seven children, viz: Sarah, Susan, Nancy, and Elizabeth, deceased; George, now in Troy, Maine; W. Ellen, now Mrs. Hiram Lawrence, of Gardiner, Maine. Mr. Jewell was always a farmer. He died in Dixmont in 1857, and Mrs. Jewell died October 15, 1852. Mr. Jewell was for several years collector and constable in the town of Dix- mont. Mr. David Jewell, after receiving a common school education, worked in the saw-mills on the river and in .the woods winters. He settled in Dixmont on a farm in 1858, after marrying Octavia McLain, daughter of William and Emma McLain, of Appleton, Knox county, Maine. Here he lived until 1871, when he moved to Hampden, and has since lived, here, working in the mill until 1878, when he was appointed Superintendent of the Town Farm, which position he is now filling. Mr. and Mrs. Jewell have two children — Hattie E. and Fannie M. Mr. Jewell was for two years in the army, being a member of Company K, First Heavy Artillery, and served with that regiment during the years 1864-65. Hiram Dunton is a son of James Dunton, who-emi- grated from Hope, Waldo county, and settled in Hamp- den when the township was a wilderness. He was one of the earliest settlers of the township, and cleared up the Stanley farm, on which he settled and lived about thirty years. He was by trade a carpenter. He died at the age of ninety-two, in Hampden; was in the War of 1812 at the battle of Hampden, under Captain New comb. He was a member of the Methodist church. He married Polly Patterson, daughter of Andrew and Sarah Patterson, by whom he had nine children, viz: Betsey^ John, Saphona, Sarah, Jason, Jam^, Lucy, Hiram, and Abigail, four of whom are living. Hiram Dunton was born in Hampden, March lo, 1819. In early life he started out without assistance, and is what may be called a self-made man. His occupation has been farming and lumbering. On his farm is located the Consolidated Hampden Mining Company. A shaft is lowered to the depth of two hundred feet. Capital stock, $1,000,000; been in operation two years. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, and later a Greenbacker. He married Louisa Pierce, daughter of Eben and Lydia Pierce, of Hampden, November 7, 1842, in Hampden. The cere- mony was performed by Hannibal Hamlin. By this union four children were born, viz: Charles H., born March 30, 1847; married Aurilla Foster, of Hampden, daughter of Samuel and Susan Foster, of Hampden, in June, 1873; four children were born: Nora M., Orrin 378 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. W., Flora S., and an infant. He now lives in Hampden, and is at present engaged in raining at Castine. Eben P. was born March 4, 1850; married Elmira M. Patter- son, daughter of Benjamin and Sabra Patterson, of Hampden, May 4, 1872, and is living at home, engaged with his father in farming. Walter H. was born April 2, 1852; married Dell C. Brown, daughter of Daniel and Sarah Brown, of Mount Desert, July 4, 1879; is lumber- ing and farming at Mount Desert. They have two chil- dren—Sarah E. and Leslie A. Lottie P. was born in 1854, March 17; married George Emerson, son of Levi and Sarah Emerson; now living in North Bangor; one child, Frank W., born November 21, 1872, is now living with grandfather Hiram. Joseph Gary was born in what is now called East Hampden, Penobscot county, in 1791. In his boyhood days he followed the sea for a living until he was eighteen years old. His father, Richard Gary, being a gunsmith, he concluded to abandon going to the sea and stop at home and learn the gunsmith trade of his father. He, being a natural mechanic, soon got so he could do any kind of job. In those days he used to do a great deal of work for the Penobscot tribe of Indians in repairing guns and making traps for hunting. He was in the battle of Hampden in the War of 1812. He was married in the year 181 7, and brought up quite a large family of children — three girls and five boys, ail of whom lived to grow up to manhood and womanhood. He has lived upon the same farm where he was born up to the present time. Thomas Gary, son of the above, was born in Hampden, September i, 1826. In early life he received a common school education, and lived with his father until twenty-one years of age, after which he engaged in mercantile business, in which he has since continued. He has made his business a success, has held office as postniaster of East Hampden seventeen years, and is at present one of the trustees of the Penobscot Savings Bank. He is a member of the Free and Accepted Ma- sons, Mystic Lodge, Hampden. He married Cordelia Glass, of Bangor. By this union three children have been born, viz: Frank, engaged with his father in busi- ness as partner, married Etta Wheelden, of Bangor; ' Melville, engaged with his father; Edith E., resides with her parents. John Phillips, of Hampden, is a son of John and Eliz- abeth Phillips {nee Elizabeth Baker). John Phillips was a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. He came to Maine about 1800 and settled in Hampden. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. During his early life he fol- lowed the sea. He was a finely educated man for those days. During his later life he was a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips had eleven children. Mrs. Phillips had ten children by a former husband. They also brought up three other children. Their children were : William, now in Aroostook county, Maine; Rebecca, now Mrs. John Lawry, of Winterport, Maine; Dolly, now Mrs. Kendall of Hampden; Lucinda and Zebiah (twins). Lucinda is now Mrs. Robert Snow, of Orland. Zebiah is deceased. Clara, wife of Francis Gibbs, of Bangor; John; Alexan- der, now of Limestone, Aroostook county, Maine; Jen- nie, married Joshua Sherman, of Bangor; Ann, deceased wife of Francis Gibbs ; and Mary, deceased wife of Miles Hartford. Mr. Phillips died in Hampden at the age of seventy-eight, in November, r8s7. Mrs. Phillips died November 2, 1878. John Phillips was born December 15, 1826. During his early life he followed the sea. In 1855 he settled in Bangor and did a grocery and shipping business. He lived there about twenty years. During the last of the time he was in the ship-building business altogether. He came to Hampden in 1870, and has been engaged principally in farming, though doing some shipping busi- , ness. He married Miss Frances E. Bussey, of Newburg, Maine. They have three children, viz: Hattie S., Arthur R., and Edgar E. Mrs. Phillips's grandfather was re- ported as killed in the War of 181 2. His funeral ser- mon was preached and his monument erected. He after- ward returned to his family. Jerry G. Patten, of Hampden, is a son of James and Elizabeth Patten {nee Elizabeth Guptil). James Patten came to Hampden from Merrimac, New Hampshire, when six years of age, and settled on the jJlace where Mr. Jerry Patten now lives. He had five children, viz; Polly, deceased wife of Robert Blaisdell, of Hampden; Oliver, deceased; James, now of Hermon; Elizabeth G.; and Jerry G. Mr. Patten was a man who took promi- nent part in town affairs and held township offices for many years. In 183T and 1832 he represented his town in the Legislature. He was for many years a captain in the militia, and commanded the company in the battle of Hampden in the War of 1812. He died December II, 1859. Mrs. Patten died May 2, 185 1. Jen-y G. Patten, the fifth child and youngest of the family, was born December 5, 1817, in Hampden, on the farm where he now lives. He married Betsey C. Cowan, daughter of George and Lucy Cowan, of Hampden. This couple have had six children, viz: Thomas, now of Hampden; Franklin, now of Merrilon, Wisconsin; Agnes, deceased; Fannie, wife of Samuel Babb, of Chippewa Falls, Wis- consin; Jere, deceased; Hamlin, deceased. Mr. Patten has been a member of the Board of Selectmen for sev- eral years. In 1868 and 1869 he was chosen to repre- sent his district in the Legislature. In. 187 1 he was ap- pointed by Secretary McCuUoch as Weigher and Gauger in the Custom House in Bangor, which position he held ten years. He lives in the northwest part of Hermon. HERMON. Hermon is another of the neighbors of Bangor, which it immediately and evenly adjoins on the west. Its southern companion is Hampden, its western Carmel, and its northern neighbors, in nearly equal shares, Glen- burn and Levant. It is about an even township in size, but has been made very slightly trapezoidal by the short- ening of its north line about a quarter of a mile below the regulation township length of six miles. The south town line, but for the projection above it of the cape from Hampden already described, would be even six miles long. The east and west lines of the town are also each very nearly six miles long. The symmetry of the town is considerably broken in the southwest part by the intrusion of Hampden. The south line of Her- mon runs from the southeast corner of the town four miles to the outlet of Hermon Pond, then describes a . great curve in the pond and goes out by the outlet of Patten Pond to a point a trifle south of the original parallel, and thence strikes westward about one-third of a mile to the corner of the town. On all other sides of Hermon the boundaries are perfectly straight. Through the southern part of the town, running a , little north of east, entering from Bangor two-thirds of a mile above the southeast corner, and passing out into , Carmel nearly two miles north of the opposite corner, runs the track of the Maine Central Railroad. It makes a station for Hermon post-office (the first out of Bangor) one and a half miles southeast of the road junctions at the village, and another three and a half miles west, at the crossing of the Sowadabscook Stream, near Hermon Pond, which gives its name to the station. Here are School No. I and a cemetery. A road runs from the station, near the west bank of the Sowadabscook, about a mile to and then into Carmel. Its extension to the southwestward runs out to the west town line, along that a little way and then southeastward into Hampden. Another road from the station crosses the Sowadabscook there, and goes northeast to and through Hermon village to a road from Bangor to Glenburn, across the northeast angle of the town,- where, at a point a little below North • Hermon post-office, it ends. Another partial diagonal of the town, passing to the northwest from two branches starting respectively from Hampden and Bangor, and uniting something more than a mile from the south and east hnes of Hermon, also passes through Hermon post- office, and goes out into Carmel a mild»or more below the northwest corner of this town. One and a half miles above the village it receives a southwesterly road coming from Bangor. Shortly before its exit a north and south road from Levant crosses it, makes a jog of one-third of a mile near School No. 2, half-way across the town, and goes on south to Hermon Pond. Another north and south road from Levant to the pond runs in the interior of Hermon, at varying distances of one to one and a half miles from the former road. They intersect an east and west road from Hermon village, which passes into Carmel. These are the great roads of the town. Of course, in a region so finely settled as Hermon, the necessary shorter roads are not wanting. Hermon Pond is an attractive body of water, nearly two miles in extreme length from the end of the bay at the northeast, and about a mile in greatest breadth to- ward the outlet into Stetson Pond. Its average length, however, is only about one and one-eighth miles, and its average width perhaps half a mile. At its northwest bay the Sowadabscook Stream enters, after a flow of over a mile and a half in the west part of the town. A small af- fluent also comes in about the middle of the north bank of the Pond. This beautiful sheet adds a great charm to the scenery of the town, and it is a favorite resort for picnics, and for boating and fishing. George's Pond is a little sheet half a mile long by about half the breadth, less than a mile east of Hermon Pond, and with its south end pretty close upon the town line. Its outlet is into the Sowadabscook, below Stetson Pond, and into it debouches the Wheeler Stream, This has two heads in the north central and central western parts of the town, and flows to a point of junction a mile east of Hermon village, with a tributary of near three miles' length, rising near North Hermon. Thence the stream runs about two and one-half miles further to George's Pond, half a mile before entering it receiving a very short tributary from a pond west of it. A petty stream crosses the extreme southeast of the town, and another heads about three miles north of it, and also flows into Bangor. Near the north half of the west line of the town the Little Kenduskeag Stream, heading in the north of Levant, and running with a general south- ward course, passes to the Sowadabscook at the town line, a mile and a half above Hermon Pond Station. Hermon is an old and well populated town. About exactly at the centre of its territory, just half-way across from east to west, and but a trifle below the middle point from north to south, is Hermon village and post-office. Here are the Town House and Masonic Hall, the public pound. Baptist and Universalist churches, and a public school-house. Three miles northeast of it is North Her- mon post-office, with an Advent church and a cemetery. The cemetery for Hermon village is at School No. 13, nearly a mile from the cross-roads at Hermon. Although these are so near the centre of the town, there is a sep- arate "Hermon Centre" post-office at the Hermon depot. 38o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE Hermon Pond Station, whose position has already been indicated, has also a post-office. All parts of the town are tolerably well settled, but population is perhaps densest in the northeast quarter. The surface of Hermon is quite picturesquely broken, but is not unduly rolling or hilly. The settlement of Hermon began nearly a quarter of a century before it became a full-fledged town. About 1790 the pioneers are believed to have got this far into the interior from Bangor and the Penobscot. They were Julius Hewes, Collins Hewes, Jotham Mason, William Patten, and a few others, who came that year, or no long time after. They were all originally from New Hamp- shire. In the spring of 1798, when the energetic pioneer Baptist, Paul Ruggles, was pushing his way into the wil- derness of Carmel with his young wife, and became the guest of this Hermon settler, we find a Mr. Garland upon the soil, but are not notified of the year 'of his coming. Mr. and Mrs. Ruggles were his guests for several weeks, until the weather permitted them to paddle up the Sow- adabscook and make their own settlement. The growth of the plantation was slow for many years, but there were about twenty families in the township when it was erected into a town in 1814. This was one of the four townships selected within the present territory of Penobscot county, with. Bangor, Hampden, and Newburg, and assigned February 5, 1800, to make up a deficiency in the tract surveyed for the Waldo Patent. Of course here, as in the other town- ships, the lots actually occupied by settlers were not dis- tributed, and their titles, derived only from occupancy, were quieted for nominal sums. The remainders in the four townships, amounting to about eighty-three thou- sand acres, were assigned to the Waldo heirs. General Henry Knox, of Revolutionary fame, had married one of these, and although the share of the Patent in which she had an interest had been confiscated and sold, the General's high favor and influence with the Government, together with liberal purchases on his own account, en- abled him to get a very large landed estate in this quarter. About half the Waldo property in this county, says Mr. Williamson, in the History of Maine, was as- signed to the old hero, "the friend of Washington." It is generally known that Knox county was named from him in i860, as he for twelve years, after his resignation as Secretary of War, resided at Thomaston, where he died in October, 1806. The railway station at that place is in the brick building that was once General Knox's stable. February 13, 1814, in the midst of the stern alarums of war in Eastern Maine, Hermon was incorporated as the 207th town erected in the District. Sangerville, now in Piscataquis county, was incorporated on the same day, and Newport, now in Penobscot, on the next. As before noted, the town had then about twenty families, with a goodly proportion of men without family. The population had numbered 82 fourteen years before, in 1800, and 179 four years before, by the census of 1810. In 1812 the polls in the plantation counted up 33, with estates valued at $9,229.02, In 1820 Hermon town had a population of 277, 55 polls, and $22,056 in ofiScially valued estates. The people had increased to 535 in 1830, 1,042 in 1840, 1,374 in 1850, 1,433 in i860, 1,489 in 1870, and 1,394 in 1880. Until within the last decade, as thus appears, Hermon has not only held its own in population, but has quite satisfactorily increased In i860 the votes of this town numbered 315; in 1870, 342; in 1880, 369. The valuations of estates for these years, respectively were $197,120, $294,189, and $399,999. Hermon has two religious societies, — the Free Baptist and the Universalis!, — the pulpits of both of which arei or were recently, vacant. The leading associations of Hermon at this writing are only the Lynde Lodge, No. 74, of Free and Ac- cepted Masons, and the Union Grange, No. 26, of Patrons of Husbandry. There lately existed in the town the "New Era" branch. No. 34, of Sovereigns of Industry, and the Star Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars. The manufacturers of the town were formerly some- what numerous, but of late have included hut one firm, engaged in cooperage at Hermon village. Under the business stimulus pervading the country, however, the manufacturing interests of this region are beginning again to look up. The firm mentioned also keep a general store, and there is one other in the town. One of the partners, Mr. J. G. Eaton, is Postmaster at the village, Mr. George W. Patten at Hermon Pond, S. Gerow at North Hermon, and Thurston Hunt at Her- mon Centre. The officers of the town for 1881 were : Rufus Robinson, Jr., W. F. Harding, and Gideon Andrews, Jr., Selectmen; George D. Higgins, Town Clerk; John D. Miller, Treasurer; C. E. Phillips, Con- stable and Collector; W. A. Swan, C. H. Gates, W. F. Harding, School Committee; J. Kimball, Russell B. Miller, Charles N. Patten, John Kimball, Justices. SETl'LEMENT NOTES. Alva Patten is a son of William and Hannah Patten, who settled in Hermon in an early day. He built a house by driving down stakes and covering them with peeled bark, and lived in it some time, subsisting on fish and potatoes. The first season he felled thirty acres of timber, burnt the ground, and raised five hundred bushels of corn. He also built a house of hewn logs, in which he lived about sixty years, or until his death, using one end of it for his stock. He was in the War of 1812 and died at the age of seventy-nine. He preached the gos- pel for thirty years. He was a delegate to the conven- tion which separated the State, and was Selectman until his death. He served as Representative a number of terms, and held all the township offices. He did all the justice business for a great many years and in that time officiated at the marriage of a large number of the towns- men. He married Hannah Godell, of Prospect, by whom he had the following children : Chesley, Williaffli Gibson, John, Alva, Gibson, Jr., Polly, Olive, and Jane. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 381 Alva was born July 4, 1807, in Hermon; kept the hotel in Hermon about twenty years, but after the railroad went through the State business became dull, and he sold his interest and bought the farm on which he has since resided. Alva Patten's first wife was Lyana Celson, of Frankfort, by whom he had six children: Simeon, Caroline, Melissa, Amanda, Gibson, and Josephine. None of these are living except Melissa, who was matron in the Little Girls' .Home at Portland until a year ago, and now resides in Boston. For his second wife Alva Patten married Sarah Perry, daughter of Edmond and :Lydia Perry, of Carmel, Maine, February 20, 1858, and they have had one child, Helen J., who was born Sep- tember 4, 1861, and now Ijves at home. Chester W. Patten, son of Wilham Patten, was born in Hermon, March 31, 1847. After receiving a common school edu- cation he began devoting his energies to farming, in which pursuit he has raade a great success. He now has a fine farm in a good state of cultivation, and supplied with good buildings. He married Syvil Kimble, daughter of James Kimble, of Hertnon, April 22, 1865, and has had three children, viz: Elmer C, born February 10, 1865; William E., born January 20, 1874; and Elter May, born August 24, 1878. Asa G. Wyraan is the son of Daniel and Hannah Wyman, of Herman, who emigrated from Hartland. The father, Daniel VVymon, cleared up quite a portion of the land, helped cut the road through, and died at the age of eighty-eight. He married Hannah Greely, by whom he had seven children: Cornelia, Asa G., Thomas, Moses, Daniel, James, and John, two of whom are living. Asa G. was born March 8, 1829, in Hartland, but has spent the greater part of his life in Hermon, except five years years in the lumber business in Michigan. He is one of the successful farmers in Hermon, having become such by hard work and attention to business. He started out in life without assistance, and is what may be termed a self-made man. He married Sarah Carr, daughter of Ester Carr, of Hampden, and has had two children, Mel- lin, deceased, and Anna, born April 19, 1872. Abel Pettingill emigrated to Hampden forty-seven years ago and settled on the place now owned by Mr. Jones, clearing the farm from its rude state and putting up the present buildings. He died at the age of sixty- five. He married Dorris Davis and raised thirteen chil- dren, viz: Thankful, Mary, Daniel, Lucy, Abel, Abram, Lydia, John, Amos, Aaron, William, Simeon, and Charles, six of whom are living. Abram Pettingill was born April 6, 1814, and received a common school edu- cation; went to sea for a few years, after which he settled on the place now occupied by him, clearing it up by hard work and bringing it to a good state of cultiva- tion, putting up fine buildings. He settled on the place without a helpmeet, but after a few years married Mary, daughter of Samuel aiid Ester Emerson, of Hampden. They have brought up a number of children, viz: Orren Thayre, Lydia J. Porter, Alfred N. Pettingill, Thomas Whitney, Cora Whitney, and Charles Whitney, who under their watchful care have grown up likely, steady, and respected men and women. The first-named child. Orrin, learned the painter's trade, but as it did not agree with him, he went to Hampden and bought a farm. After his death his wife sold the farm and went to Bucksport to live with her father, taking her little girl, aged four years. While living with her father, a man by the name of Smith called upon her to borrow some money, and when she refused the desired loan, he murdered the whole family, father, daughter, and child. He afterward burned the buildings, but was arrested and sentenced fqr life to the Thomaston State Prison. Reuben Prescott, the subject of this sketch, is the son of John Prescott, of Hermon, and was born November 25, 1820, in Lincolnville, Maine. He has devoted his life successfully to farming, and is a member of the Sove- reigns of Industry No. 26, West Bangor, also a Good Templar. He married Elmira J. Cowen, of Hampden, November 14, 1850, in which union four children were born, viz: Frederick; James, now in Minnesota; Joseph P., who married Mary A. Smith, and lives in Hermon; Fanny M., and George A., both at home. Benjamine Swett was born December 29, 1769, and emigrated from Massachusetts and settledin Hampden in 1793. He died in Hampden in 1854, after following farming all his life. He married Mehitable Atwood, and was the father of the following children: Mrs. Doane, of Hampden; Mrs. Row, of Bangor; Mrs. Mayo, of Chi- cago, Illinois; Benjamin Sweet, Portland, Maine; James Swett, Bangor; Mrs. Hopkins, Bangor; Mrs. Snow, Hampdan; Mrs. Rusbank, Bangor; Charles M. Swett, Hermon; William A. Swett, Bangor, and D. W. Swett, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Charles M. Swett married Ruth H. Atwood, January 11, 1848, who bore the following children; Cynthia, Mary, Discas, Horace, Frank, Helen, Discat, Lewis. Mr. Swett makes farm- ing his occupation. John Littlefield settled in North Dixmont in an early day, and cleared more land than any other man in the town. He has for many years been deacon of the Free- will Baptist church. He married Martha Colson, of Winterport, and had eleven children: Oilman, Samuel, Oliver H., Sarah A., Susan, William H., Jason, Almedia, John, Jr., Elizabeth, Rebecca, seven of whom are now living. Oilman was born in Dixmont, June 17, 1828, and received a common school education. At the age of twenty-one he bought a farm, paying twenty-five dol- lars down, and by hard work digging the remainder of the price out of the soil. After living in Etna seven years he settled on the place he now occupies. It was in a rude state when he bought it, but he has brought it up to a high state of cultivation, having upon it over three miles of fencing. Mr. Littlefield is a member of West Bangor Lodge, No. 26, Sovereigns of Industry, and has held minor town offices. March 27, 1850, he married Mary Eldrich, of Etna, and has four children: Laura E., born March r6, 1856, married Eugene Robinson, April 12, 1874, and lives in Macwahoc, Aroostook county; Alva G., born May 15, 1861, lives at home; Cora M., born August 2, 1867; and Nellie F., born June 17, 1S69. Benjamin L. Barnes was born in Massachusetts, and went to Camden when a small boy, where he lived until 382 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. about twenty-five years of age. He came to the town- ship of Hermon about thirty-five years ago and settled on the place occupied by him and his son. The farm was in its rude state and by hard work Mr. Barnes has brought it to a higli state of cultivation. He started from home without aid from any one. He married Lydia Fletcher, of Lincolnville, by whom ten children were born, viz: Nancy, Benjamin, Hannah, Mary, Edwin, Hattie, Frank, Lydia, and two infants that died; six are living. Frank was born in Camden April 22, 1842. He received a common-school education, and has always lived with his father, taking care of his parents in their old age. He has made farming his occupation. He was a member of the Sovereigns of Industry, West Bangor, No. 26. He married Sarah M. Eldridge, daughter of John and Mary Eldridge, of Etna, October 24, 1826. They have one child, George E., born March 22, 1867. R. B. Miller is a son of Silas Miller, of Hermon, whose father, John Miller, came here from Hampden. John Miller had nine children, of whom Silas was the second son. Silas Miller married Clara Myrick, daugh- ter of Nathaniel Myrick, of Hampden. By this union there have been three children — Russell B., Justena, and Cora B. Mr. Miller has always been engaged in farming and lumbering business. He was often asked by his townsmen to allow his name to be used for election to places of public trust, but with the exception of the office of Selectman, he declined to allow his name to be used on a ticket. He is now living on his farm in this town. R. B. Miller was born in 1849. After receiving a common-school education he attended the academy at Corinth three terms. He married Miss Alraira E. Hink- ley, daughter of John H. Hinkley, of Hermon, and set- tled on the place where he now lives, in the village of Hermon. To this couple have been born a son, Gard- ner H., now three years old. Mr. Miller has served as Collector, deputy Sheriff, member of the School Board and deputy Census Marshal. He is a young man of good education, having taught school several terms. Uriah Roundy,of Hermon, is the son of Lacy Roundy, who was a native of Clinton, Kennebec county. He married Jane Libbey. They had two children, viz; Uriah and Joshua. Joshua is now deceased. Uriah Roundy, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1810. He first settled in the town of Frankfort, now Winter- port, Maine, where he married Mary A, Downs, daughter of Thomas Downs. After living in Monroe and Jackson, in Waldo county, where Mrs. Roundy died in 1858, and where he married for his second wife Mary A. Jones, he moved to this town. By his first wife Mr. Roundy had four children, viz: Dorcas, Silas A., now of Lewiston, Oliver W., and Helen, all of whom are now deceased except Silas A. By his second wife there are two children, Edward F. and Nellie E., who are living at home. Mr. Roundy moved here in 1863, where he has since lived. He has 140 acres of land and is engaged in farming and stock-raismg. He has a good orchard and raises con- siderable fruit. He is a remarkably well preserved man for one of his age, and still takes a lively interest in pol- itics and the general news of the day. HOLDEN. BY WAY OF DESCRIPTION. Holden is largely upon one of the old settled tracts of the county, but is one of the later municipal formations, having been set off from Brewer and incorporated April 13, 1852. It is distant from Bangor only by the width of Brewer and the Penobscot, or about three miles, and is situated upon the old stage route from Bangor to Ells- worth, Mt. Desert, Cherryfield, and the East of Maine. The general direction of its length and its east and west boundary lines is from the northeast to southwest. It is eight and one-half miles in greatest length from the north line to the southernmost point of the town, near the southeast end of Brewer Pond. Most of the town, how- ever, all Except that running down into the "gore," is but the length of the west boundary, five and twothirds miles. Its width enlarges slightly, from the divergence of the east line of the- town eastwjird, from four and one- half miles on the south line to about four and five-sixths from the angle in the east line near Holbrook Pond, almost three and one-half miles above the southeast cor ner. Thence it dwindles by the deflection of the east line westward, to four and one-third miles at the north line of the town. The width of the gore in the south part of the town, at its beginning, two-thirds of a mile from the west corner, and a little over two and one-third miles from the south corner, is about one and one-third miles, whence it narrows by straight boundaries, a little zigzagged near Field's Pond, to a point nearly three miles below. Large part of this gore is covered by Brewer Pond, and the rest seems to be unsettled as yet The HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 383 area of the town, in round numbers, is thirty square miles, or about twenty thousand acres. Holden is bounded on the northeast by Eddington; on the southeast by the "L" of Eddington and by Ded- ham, in Hancock county ; on the southwest by Dedham and Bucksport, the latter of which also bounds the gore on the southeast; and on the northwest by Orrington (bounding the gore only), Brewer, and a small angle of Eddington. It is but one mile from the Penobscot River at the nearest point, from the north corner of the town straight across to Eddington Bend. There is no important sheet of water wholly within the bounds of Holden; but several lakes lie upon the bor- ders. On the northwest line of the gore, and stretching in a narrow breadth of it across the opposite line, is Brewer Pond, the largest water which touches Holden. It lies, however, chiefly in Orrington, in whose history it will be described. Upon the north half of the southeast border are Holbrook and Davis Ponds, withJheiF con- necting stream. These waters have been sullSciefttty de- scribed in our account of Eddington. The greatest length, and by far the greatest part of the surface of Holbrook, are in Holden. The east corner of the town lies in the south central part of Davis Pond. Neither of these, strange to say, receives any tributary of account in this town. The Dead River rises near George's Corners, a little below Holbrook Pond, flows appropriately out into Dedham, and through two good-sized lakes in Han- cock to Union River. Another small stream, flowing southward half a mile or so in this county, also heads near the Corners. Two miles west rises another Han- cock county stream, which has a course of about one and a half miles in Holden, and flows out near the south corner. Indeed, the town seems to be full of "heads,'' from the peculiarity of its situation as a sort of summit in the south central part of it, between Holbrook and Brewer Ponds. Not a single stream completely intersects * the town in any direction, or any large part of it. In the north part of it, however, a brook of moderate length rises half a mile above the north bay of Holbrook Pond, and flows with a northwest and west course into the Eaton Brook, close upon the Brewer line. The head- waters of this brook, three in number, are two or three miles to the southward, and scattered over about two miles' space. The brook, as we have already noticed, crosses the upper part of Brewer town, and enters the Penobscot at North Brewer. Another Brewer stream. Felt's Brook, heads less than a mile southeast of the Brewer line ; and still another comes down from Edding- ton, makes an arc of about half a mile length in the north angle of Holden, whence it flows again into Ed- dington, and makes a final end in Brewer. Holden is a moderately populous town, having. 717 people by the census of 1880. The only post-office bears the name of the town, and is kept by P. L. Pond at his store near the cemetery on the Bangor road, one and a half miles northwest of George's Corners. This hamlet is situated at an important cross-roads half a mile southwest of the south end of Holbrook Pond, and about the same distance from the southeast town line. It has a public school-house, saw-mill, tannery, blacksmith's shop, etc. From it radiate roads to all the cardinal points except west. One runs east and northeast near Holbrook Pond to and through East Eddington post- office. Above that place and Davis Pond a branch route runs off to the southwest, which, about two miles after passing the Holden line, joins the road from Eddington Bend, which comes in near the north corner of the town, and runs southerly to the junction near the school-house, whence it continues nearly due south to George's Cor- ners, through which it runs a mile further into Dedham. The Bangor road comes in from Brewer in a straight course of three and a half miles, when it ends in a coun- try neighborhood south of the post-office. A little more than a mile west of that, however, at the Congregational church, parsonage, and school-house, nearly two miles southeast of the town line, the main or stage-road turns off to the eastward, but presently to the southeast, and continues to and through George's Corners into Hancock county. Still another highway runs from George's to the southwest, across the south of the gore of Dedham to Bucksport. George's Corners are thus the centre of the road system of Holden. No other important road of length exists in the town than those described. For about two miles nearly parallel with the last, however, is a road from the gore of Dedham, running northerly and northeasterly to the Eddington Bend route. From the cemetery on the Bangor road, one and a quarter miles from the Brewer line, a road runs to the southeast across Prospect Hill — a locality famous for its fine views of the Penobscot Valley — and by the school-house there, out by a west course into Orrington. And from the school- house on the Eddington Bend road, a mile from the north corner of Holden, a highway runs nearly two miles to the southwest, and then bends northwesterly into Brewer. The surface of Holden, as has already been intimated in our descriptions, is somewhat uneven, but not suffi- ciently so to destroy its adaptibility to agricultural pur- poses. On the contrary, there are a number of fine, pro- ductive farms in the town; and its chief industries, by far, are agriculture, stock-raising, and dairying. WHITE SETTLEMENT. The pioneers got into the interior here even earlier than they did into most parts of the present Penobscot county on the other side of the river. The date of the first arrival is well settled to have been May 31, 1786. Like the colony of twenty-six that two and a half years later laid the foundations of the Queen City of the West in the Ohio Valley, this party consisted of men only, with three exceptions, and at least one young child. It thus almost lacked some of the most interesting elements which usually aid to makeup the earliest colonization; as in the case of the Plymouth Colony, thus poetically set forth by Mrs. Hemans: And there was woman's fearless eye, Lit by her deep love's truth; There was manhood's brow, serenely high. And the fiery heart of youth; — but was perhaps by this better fitted for the stern struggle 384 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. that had to be waged for a few years in the howling wil- derness. The men of this company numbered eight, and were Captain (afterwards General) John Blake, John Farring- ton, Silas Winchester, Calvin Holbrook, David Mann, Elijah Jones, Isaac Clewley, and Samuel Gilmore. A valuable historical letter, written a few years ago by George C. Wiswell, Esq., grandson of one of the later settlers, gives the following interesting notes concerning the Blake and Farrington party : They followed a spotted line, which was their only guide (a son of one of the settlers, who was five years old, riding a eow), about six or seven miles from the Penobscot River, in an unbroken wilderness; and here they built their log-houses and covered them with bark. The first year they felled some trees and cleared some land, but were not able to raise any crops. Fortunately some natural meadows which the beavers had made, were found near by and furnished pasturage for the cows in summer, and in winter they were kept near the meadow haystack, the owners going by turns to get their milk. In 1788 quite a quantity of rye and Indian corn was raised, whicli the farmers carried on their backs to the river and boated it to South Orrington to be ground, bring- ing it back in the same way. A sled-road, however, was soon opened to the river; but then it took two days to make the journey and back, one man going as teamster and another with a handspike to pry up the sled, which often caught on roots and stumps. The first wheel carriages that they used were carts, some of the wheels of which were made by sawing off a short piece of a large log, while others were made with hubs, spokes, and felloes, but had no iron about them. This courageous band of pioneers was from Wrentham, Massachusetts. Most, if not all of them, like their leader, Captain Blake, had been soldiers in the War of the Revolution, then but recently closed, were inured to peril and privation, and were well fitted to lay the foun- dations of civilization in the wilderness east of the Pe- nobscot. General Blake spent the rest of his life in this region, and became its most noted citizen. He was born in Boston, August 29, 1753; entered the Revolutionary army April 19, 1775, at twenty-two years of age. became a lieutenant in the Continental line, and served as such until December of 1780. His military experience and abilities were still made serviceable after his settlement in Maine. He was advanced through all grades in the military service, until he became Major-General of Di- vision. At sixty-one years he was Brigadier-General commanding the militia at the unlucky affair with the British forces at Hampden, in September, 1814. His management on this occasion was made the subject of investigation by a military Court of Inquiry, under direction of the State authorities; but he was altogether exonerated by it "of censure and suspicion," as the historian Williamson says. Then, at the instance of General Blake, two of his suboFainate commanders, a Colonel and a Major, were arrested and tried by a regu- lar court-martial. The former was suspended from rank and command for two years; the latter was honorably acquitted. General Blake lived a long and useful life thereafter, dying at last January 25, 1822, in his eighty- ninth year. Of the first settlers, only Messrs. Gilmore, Clewley, and Jones brought their wives with them. During the next two years, however, the remainder sent or went for their wives and families, and brought them also to the pioneer homes. Subsequent early arrivals in this part of ihe country included Colonel Solomon Blake, Elisha Robinson, and Billings Brastow. Of these Colonel Blake survived until May 4, 1S58, when he passed away at the great age of ninety-three. It is a reiTiarkable fact that so many of the Holden pioneers lived to advanced age, a number of them to or near eighty years. We have already noted the deaths of General and Colonel Blake. Deacon Farrington died at the age of eighty-seven, September 30, 1843. Joseph Copeland, who came subsequently, lived to be seventy- nine years and five months old, dying here January 3, 1864. Isaac Bates died September 11,' 1849, aged seventy-one year.s and three months. William Copeland, who departed this life February 10, 1849, was seventy years old. Others, whose names and dates of death we have not, lived to still greater age. About eight or ten years after S. Blake, Robinson, and Brastow, came in William Copeland aforesaid, from Mansfield, Massachusetts, and George Wiswell, from Norton, in the same State. They were the first to settle in the southwest part of the present town. Wiswell died June 27, 1836, at the age of sixty-four — comparatively young for a Holden pioneer. Other settlers, about the same time or no great while after, were Messrs. Ebenezer Fisher, Jacob Hart, James Hastings, Thomas George, Asaph Gates, Deo Dat (" He Gives to God") Brastow, Isaac Bates, Joseph and Lem- uel Copeland, Samuel Cobb, John Robinson, Nathan Clark, Abia Pearl, Nathan Kingsbury, Elisha Rider, Zenas and William Rogers, Newell Shepard, and Allen Hodges. ORGANIZATION. This town occupies a part of Township No. 9, as known in the surveys. It was originally, for purposes of civil government, a part of Orrington, which was erected from New Worcester Plantation Match 21, 1788, ani was then a large town, embracing thirty-seven thousand three hundred and four acres. When the northeast part of old Orrington was set off, February 22, 1812, to con- stitute Brewer, this part of the former town went with it, and was locally known as East Brewer. More than forty years passed before another division was imperatively de- manded, and then, April 13, 1852-, the final separation was made which bereft Brewer of by far its larger and perhaps fairer portion, and the new town of Holden was born. It is, with the exception of seven towns — Matta- wamkeag, Medway, Mount Chase, Prentiss, Stetson, Veazie, and Winn — the youngest town in the county. Kenduskeag was created the same year, but in February. STATISTICS OF GROWTH. Although so early settled, the population of the tract now constituting Holden cannot be given, in conse- quence of its inclusion in other towns. As we have seen, a considerable percentage of the people of Orrington, and afterwards of Brewer, must have been settled in this quarter. The first census taken after the final separa- tion — that of i860 — showed a population in Holden numbering 805. Brewer, at the next preceding census, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 38s exhibited a roll of 2,628 people, of whom nearly one- third must have lived in the subsequent Holden territory. In 1840, when all of old Brewer had but 1,736, the pro- portion belonging to "East Brewer" must have been much larger. In 1870 Holden had 761, and in 1880 717. The number of polls in i860 was 180; in 1870, 185; in 1880, 200. The grown men or voters, it will be seen, have steadily increased, although the population has fallen off somewhat. In i860 the valuation of estates in this town was $168,938; in 1870, $193,561; in 18S0, $174,681. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. At early dates in the annals of this region, the Rev. "Father" John Sawyer and Rev. Jotham Sewall, the well-known pioneer preachers, and afterwards venerated patriarchs, held Protestant services in it here and there. The latter was an especial favorite, and the whole settle- ment, almost without exception, would turn out to his preaching. The Rev. Enoch Mudge, of Orrington, and Rev. Thomas Williams, who was pastor at Brewer post- office in 1813, preached a part of the time in the East Brewer pioneer school-house. This was built in 1803, and used for religious as well as educational purposes until 1829, when the first church edifice in this quarter was erected. The previous year there was an extensive revival hereabout, which led to the formation of a church November 11, 1828. It was known as "the Second Congregational Church of Brewer " until 1839. The ministers settled over this church, in order of service, were the Rev. Messrs. W. W. Niles, Charles R. Fiske, A. L Whitman, J. R. Munsell (who remained twelve years), F. Southworth, J. S. Cogswell, and E. C. Crane. The latter is the present incumbent of the pulpit. The pioneer John Farrington was the first Deacon of this church, appointed during the month next after its or- ganization ; and he served it in this capacity honorably and acceptably fifteen years, or until his death. This is still the only "religious society in Holden. EDUCATIONAL. The children of the pioneers were at first, and for many years, gathered in an informal way for private instruction at the dwellings. The first regular school was held in a rough, unfinished room at Deacon Farrington's house in 1799, and was taught by John Wilkins. Four years afterwards, as before noted, the first school-house was built. There are now in Holden eight school districts, and as many school-houses. SOCIETIES. The first temperance organization in this region was formed soon after the Congregational church, and at a time when organized temperance sentiment was a very •rare thing anywhere in the land. Its date was December 5) 1828, and its place of birth the Wis well School Dis- trict. Other associations of the kind were subsequently formed; and it is a record eminently creditable in the history of the town that it has never been without a tem- perance society. The present organization, Holden Di- vision, Sons of Temperance, was instituted November 6, 1866. The Union Star Grange, No. 168, Patrons of Hus- bandry, also in this town, was organized May 5, 1875. BUSINESS. Dr. Joseph Fogg was a practicing physician here for nearly half a century — forty-five years. There is still but one resident doctor in the town. Two persons keep general stores, and one firm are grocers. The Holden Steam Mill Company manufactured lumber here for a number of years, and one person is still running a saw- mill. There is a tannery at George's Corners. One firm are turning out carriages and smith-work ; and there are two smiths besides. TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1881. Benjamin F. Farrington, Charles Wiswell, F. K. Hart, selectmen ; A. B. Farrington, town clerk ; Henry T. Hart, treasurer and collector ; F. K. Hart, constable ;- George C. Wiswell, school supervisor; F. K. Hart, A. B. Farrington (quorum), justices. BIOGRAPHICAL. The following notice is included in the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College, of the students and graduates during the late war : Class of 1842. — Charles M. Blake, born in Holden, December, 1819; Principal of a school for young ladies in Philadelphia several years ; entered service as Chap- lain ; was Captain United States Colored Troops ; Hos- pital Chaplain, United States Artillery. Benjamin Farrington was born in Holden in the year 1792, and lived in this place until his death in 1844. He was through life a mechanic and farmer. His wife was Betsey Brastow ; she was born in Holden in the year 1793, where she died at the age of seventy-nine years. Benjamin F. Farrington was born in Holden in the year 1823, and has always made this town his home. He was the fourth child in the family : Eliza Ann, dead; Alden B., Nancy B., Susan E., Billings B., Thomas F., Charlotte C. Mr. Farrington's early educational advan- tages were very good for the time. While a youth his business was millman and farmer. He was first married to Laura A. Fisher, of Bangor, November 20, 185 1, and has one son now living. His second marriage was to Nancy J. Fisher, of Holden, May 22, 1862. His busi- ness since his marriage has been farming. He is now first Selectman ; was on the Board of Selectmen several years before ; also President of the Steam Mill company. The subject of this sketch. Philander L. Pond's father, was born at Wrentham, Massachusetts, in 1776, and lived there until he was about twenty-one years of age, when he moved to Holden, Maine, and lived here until he died at the age of seventy-eight years. His business through life was that of shoemp.ker and farmer ; his name, Abia Pond. His wife was Cynthia Clewley, born in Holden in the year 1787, where she lived until her death in the year 1857. Philander L. Pond was born at Holden in 1817, May 23; he was the fifth child in the family: Har- vey, William C, Increase S., Benjamin B., Mary E., 386 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Nancy C, Silas N., Isaac C, Julia R., Angeline M. The early educational advantages of Mr. Pond were the common schools, ^^'hile a youth he worked at farming. He was married in 1842 to Emily W. Billington, and has six children : Albert A„ married to Celia A. Crififin, and has one son. Gideon R, unmarried; his home is transient. Henry L., unmarried; home in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Marcia J., unmarried; Sarah, unmarried; Myra A. F., unmarried. Mr. Pond is a farmer and carpenter; he has been postmaster of the town for thirteen years and still continues in the same office. Eli Kingsbury was born in the town of Holden in the year 1813, on the 21st day of June. He was the fifth child in the family, and has had two brothers and two sisters— Charles, dead; Willard ; Nancy, dead; Julia. Mr.. Kingsbury's early educational advantages were very poor. His business while a youth was shoemaking. He was married to Miss Rebecca B. Morse in the year 1843. They have three children living — Susan L., mar- ried Abrua P. Levenseller, and has five children, all liv- ing ; Marilla, married to George B. Glover, and has two children living ; Nathan G., married to Lura Orcutt, has three children, all living. Mr. Kingsbury's children all reside at home. His business since his marriage has been farming. He has held some of the town offices. Russell Hart was born in Walpole, Massachusetts, where he lived five years, and then with his father moved to the town of Holden, where he lived until his death, September 26, 1877, at the age of eighty-three years. His business through hfe was lumbering and farming. His wife was Weltha Britton, born in Raynham, Massa- chusetts, in the year 1798, where she lived until her mar- riage, and then came to Holden. She died April 6, 1 88 1, aged eighty-three years, five months, and twenty- four days. William Jacob Hart was the youngest child in the family. He was born in Holden in 1840. The other children were Russell, N. B., Weltha, Maria, Eme- line L., Edwin J., Ann S., Andrew]., Henry B., Adaliad S., and William J. William J. Hart was married to May H. Gowen the 24th day of March, 1865; her father's name was Reuben Gowen; her mother's maiden name Olive Hanson. By this union they had four children — Mary H., Susan, Fannie H., and Lizzie O. Mr. and Mrs. Hart have two children living — Susie M., not mar- ried, and Herbert R., both of whom reside at home. Adomiram J. Rogers was born in Holden in 1820, and died in the same town in 1862. His business through life was a farmer and drover. His wife was Lucy Ann Jones, born in Holden in 1825, and married in 1844. She survives her husband, at the age of fifty-six. Fred M. was born in the year 1845. He was the oldest child in the family. The others were Lucy L. and Harry W. Mr. Rogers's early educational advantages were the com- mon school, which he attended until he was eighteen years of age. While a youth he was a farmer. He was mar- ried to Sarah J. Stuart the 8th of February, 1871. His wife's father's name was Simon Stuart; her mother's name was Dorcas T. Malona; the names of her brothers and sisters were Cohn M., Theresa A,, John A., Samuel F., Fred A., William S., Simon H., Frank N. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have by this union had two children— Venia T. and Arthur V. — who reside at home. His business since his marriage has been that of merchant, drover, and farmer. He has been Third Selectman two years, Col- lector and Treasurer two years. John Fisher Robinson was born in Holden, Maine, on the 26th of March, 1821, and lived in Holden until his death, which occurred on the 20th of January, 1876. He was a farmer and lumberman. His wife was Mary L. Blake, born in Holden in the year r824, and lived here until her death in the year 1877, aged about fifty- three years. They were married September 12, 1847. John Preston was the oldest child in the family. He has one brother, Charles Blake Robinson, married to Miss Fannie H. Griffin. Mr. Robinson's early educa- tional advantages were pretty good at the common school of the town. His business while a youth was farming. He was married to Mrs. Fannie H. Breed in the year 1874. His wife's father's name was Reuben Gorven, his mother Olive Hanson, who has children as follows: Susan, Lizzie, Mary, William, and Olive. Mr. Robinson is engaged as a stock drover and farmer. He has been Collector and Treasurer of the town for one year. Daniel M. Spofford, son of Dr. Amos Spofford, of Georgetown, Massachusetts, was born in Georgetown about the year 1775, where he lived until r83g, when he moved to Dedham, Maine. There he died January 19, r842, aged about sixty-five years. His business through life was farming and stone-masonry. His wife was Han- nah Spoflford, daughter of Jacob Spofford. They were married January 19, 18 14. Walter K. Spofford was the youngest child in the family, which comprised Harriet, Carohne M., Charles S., Emma C, Hattie, dead; Myron, dead; Winslow P., died in the army. AValter K. was born January 2, 1819. His business while a youth was farming. He was married to Mary M. Hart on the 19th of May, 1842. Her parents were Jacob Hart, Jr., and Nancy Farrington, daughter of Deacon John Farrington. They have had by this union two children, both living- Charles B., married to Josie A. Wilson, has no children; Marcia E., not married, and resides in Holden. The father of Thomas McLaughlin was born in I^n- donderry, Ireland in 17^6, and came to Sheffield, New Brunswick, where he lived ten or twelve yea;s, and then moved to the town of Tay Creek, where he died Februarys, 1880, aged 84 years. His wife was Esther Campbell, born in County Antrim, Ireland, aud died in New Bruns- wick February 7, 1880, aged 93 years. Their children were John, Joseph A., Robert S., Archibald, and Thomas. The latter was born in Sheffield, New Brunswick, in 1826, When twenty years of age he came to Massachusetts, and a year and a half later settled in Brewer. There he remained seven or eight years, when he went to Dedham, and seventeen years later came to Holden, where he now lives. He was married to Nancy J. Trueworthy, and has four children : Ella P., Emma P., Esther D., and Charles A Ella married Jonas Frye; Emma married Charles Thompson, and Esther D. married Charles Hink- ley. ROWLAND. Howland town occupies a unique position, above all other towns in the county — not only as being at the mouth of the most important tributary of the Penob- scot, but as lying between the Penobscot and a corner of the county. No other town thus bridges over the space between the noble river and any territory that is . foreign to Penobscot. Its favorable situation, especially with reference to the rivers, must some time make it a populous and prosperous town. It is situated twenty- two miles north of Bangor, the western part of Howland being nearly due north of the eastern part of Bangor. Howland is bounded on the north and northwest by Maxfield; on the northeast by Mattamiscontis; on the east by the Penobscot, beyond which lies Enfield; on the south by Edinburg and a very narrow strip of Lagrange; and on the west by Lagrange. At the northwest corner it is touched by the town of Medford, in Piscataquis county. Its boundaries, except on the river side, are in five straight lines. That on the northeast is not quite one and two-thirds miles long; on the northwest five and one-fourth; on the north, between Howland and Max- field, a little less than one mile; on the west two and two-thirds miles; on the south, a continuous line from Lagrange to the river, nearly five and one-sixth miles. The greatest length of the town, from the north corner to the south hne, is six and five-sixths miles; the great- est width, from the corner on Piscataquis county, straight to the Penobscot, is six and one-eighth miles. The width from the northeast corner, on the Penobscot, straight across, is about four miles. A number of the islands, already noted as off the west front of Enfield, are in the river opposite Howland, as Gordon, Pine, and several others. Moon Island is just above the northeast corner. The chief water of Howland is of course the Penob- scot, which needs no further description. The banks of the river, in this part of its course, are low and very beautiful. It is joined in this town by the well-known river Piscataquis, which gives the name to the county through which it mainly flows. This stream has several headwaters in the west of that county, and flows with a general easterly direction to the border of Penobscot, where it makes its way eastward throuh Maxfield, and in a winding southeasterly course about five miles through * « # ^°*^^nd to the larger stream at Howland village. About a dozen islands — three of them of some size, and one at least half a mile long — are in the upper part of its course through Howland. It receives in this town the Little Seboois Stream, outlet of the Little Seboois Lake, flowing a very httle way in Howland from the northwest part of the pond, then in Maxfield about two miles, tak- ing there the waters of the Seboois Stream, and flowing one mile in Howland to the Piscataquis just at the head of the islands. The Little Seboois Lake, out of which this tributary flows, is a beautiful sheet of water half a mile south of the north corner of the town, wholly with- in the limits of Howland, a mile and a half long by an average of half a mile broad. A third of a mile east of it passes another and larger Seboois Stream, which rises in Township No. 3, flows across the northeast angle of Maxfield and the southwest corner of Mattamiscontis, from which it receives a small tributary a little below the Howland line, and thence flows southward three miles to the Piscataquis below the islands. Almost immediately at the foot of the islands, from the southward, comes in the Meadow Brook, which half a mile from its mouth is formed by the union of the North and South Branches, the former of which rises on the Maxfield line, and flows south of east two miles to the junction. The latter heads very near the other, but flows south two miles, then, receiving a ■ tiny affluent, makes a semi-circular bend, near the end of which it has another tributary, this from the north, and runs thence to the union with the North Branch — a total course of about five miles. Crossing the northeast angle of the town is the Gordon Brook, which rises in Townships No. 2 and 3, and runs across Mattamiscontis and this corner a mile and a half, in Howland to the mouth on the Penobscot opposite Gordon's Island. Close to its mouth a small brook from the westward reaches it. Two-thirds of a mile below, on the Howland side, begins the curved channel for logs and lumber known as " Merrill Run Round," which is about two miles long, a third of a mile distant from the river at the middle of the arc, and re-enters the river at Pine Island. When a little more than half-way round, the Mile Brook, so named from its length, connects the Run Round with the Piscataquis. On the south side of this river near its mouth, opposite Howland village, a natural channel called "Ellerson Run Round" courses a mile and a half to the Penobscot near the southeast corner of the town. Across the opposite or southwest corner runs a short section of Hoyt Brook, which makes thence into Edinburg. The needs of the people of Howland have yet called for few roads. The western river highway traverses its east side the whole length of the town, with a break, however, at the mouth of the Piscataquis, but crossing the Ellerson and Merrill Run Rounds. Just south of that river it sends a branch up the southwest bank into Maxfield and Piscataquis counties, and another westward, which at the town line joines the Bunker Hill road, which comes down from Maxfield and runs about half a 387 388 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. mile across the angle of Howland. From Howland vil- lage another highway runs near the northeast bank of the Piscataquis into Maxfield and beyond. Nearly four miles from the village, at the school-house, it sends a branch route up the Seboois, on the east side of the lake, across the corners of Mattamiscontis and Maxfield, into Township No. 2. Howland village is at the junction of the Piscataquis with the Penobscot River, nearly one and a half miles above the southeast corner of the town, and a mile below Pine Island. Here are the town post-office, School No. 2, two stores, a saw-mill, a hotel, a shop or two, and a cemetery a little north of the village. Settlements are scattered somewhat thinly for a short distance north and south of it, but the denser population is on the Piscataquis road in the west of the town, between the Seboois and the Little Seboois Streams. The surface of Howland is varied— somewhat high and broken in places, but with rich intervales along the noble rivers which traverse its territory. The agricultural ca- pabilities of the town are therefore quite superior to those of some other towns in the county. EARLY HISTORY. Some time before the year 1820, Major WiUiam Ham- mett, of Massachusetts, and one William Emerson, pur- chased this tract of the State in which the former had his home. By 1820 a number of settlers were already upon its soil The following list of Howland pioneers, for the first ten years of its civilized history, has been made up: Came m 18 18 — John Bryer, John Hook, Jeremiah Douglass, Jacob Doe. 18 19 — Jeremiah Fifield, Jonathan Chase, Charles Davis, William Douglass. 1820 — Joseph Emery, Levi Lancaster, Dennis Car- penter. 182 1 — Joshua Carpenter, Thomas Tourtillott, Bart Moulton. 1822 — John Babcock. 1823 — John Smart, Duty Inman, Daniel Inman, Stephen Tourtillott. 1824 — John Shaw, William Hammett, William C. Hammett, Rufus Atkinson, Moses Emerson, John Haley, William R. Miller, Tristram Scammon, and James Mer- rill. 1828— William S. Lee. Major Hammett, one of the original proprietors and of the colonists of 1824, was a strong man and valued citi- zen, reputed to be of Puritan blood and closely allied by descent to the Pilgrim Fathers. The Hon. William C. Hammett was son of the Major. He became conspicuous as a politician and an office- holder, serving as Representative in the State Legislature, as Collector of Customs at Bangor during General Tay- lor's administration, and in various other prominent pub- lic positions, holding one or another of them until near his death in 1876. Hon. William R. Miller, also of the immigration of 1824, became a large property-holder in this region, in- vesting largely in timber lands and mill property. He was for a time a member of the State Legislature. Col. William S. Lee, the only colonist of 1828 whose name has been preserved, obtained his military rank in the State militia. He was also a Representative in the State Legislatnre, and was otherwise a prominent citizen. It will be seen thus that Howland for its population has had a large share of intelligent and successful resi- dents. ORGANIZATION, ETC. Howland was erected as a town February 10, 1826. Plymouth was the only other town in this county incor- porated the same year. The last census taken before the incorporation of Howland — that of 1820 — reckoned it with Maxfield, and found the population of both to be 150. In 1830 the former town had 329, and the latter 186, a proportion of about 16 to 9. It thus appears that when Maxfield was erected in 1824, or Howland in 1826, that the latter must have had the larger population, as it has had most of the time since. In 1840 it had 322 people; in 1850, 214; in i860, 174; in 1870, 176; and in 1880, 137. The number of polls in i860 was 46, in 1870 41, and 42 in 1880. Estates the same years, $34,629, $40,665, and $30,343- The first minister to preach regularly in Howland was Elder Elias McGregor, a Baptist, who was settled about 1839. Lumbering was formerly a large and brisk business in this town, and there is still an immense amount of boom- ing and driving annually upon the rivers within its bor- ders. A general store is kept at the post-office. The officers of Howland for 1881 were: A. H, Wey- mouth, W. C. Hill, N. Emery, Selectmen; H. N. Wey- mouth, Town Clerk; F. Davis, Treasurer; W. C. Hill, O. C. Sweat, Constables; W. C. Hill, School Supervisor; E. R. Bailey, A. H. Weymouth (Quorum), Justices. Mr. Weymouth is the Postmaster of the town. Mr. Japhet Emery, of Howland, is a son of Joseph and Lydia Emery {nee Lydia Bryer). Joseph Emery was a son of Jotham Emery, who came to Maxfield from Shap- leigh, Maine, about 1822 or 1823. Joseph and Lydia Emery had seven children, viz.: Betsey K, Deborah, . Lucretia, Ada, Bethiah, Japhet, and Lydia. Mr. Emery always followed the business of farming. He died in Maxfield in 1865. Mrs. Emery is still living with her son in Maxfield. Japhet Emery was born April 26, 1838, in Howland. Here he has always lived, and fol- lowed farming for a business. He married Roxannah Sawyer, daughter of Andrew and Harriet Sawyer (nee Harriet Lombard). The Sawyer family in this county spring from two brothers, who came from England, One settled in the West, and the other, named David, settled in Maine and raised up five sons, viz.: David, Joel, John, Abner, and William, and two daughters — Sally and EUeanor. The son Joel had ten children, named El- leanor, Joel, Hepsibeth, Andrew S., Nancy, Polly, Betsey, Daniel, Hannah, and Tristram. Andrew S. was father of fourteen children — Alphia, Joel, Edmund, Luther, Andrew, Freeman, Thomas, Elizabeth, Arthur, Marshall, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 389 Daniel, Ruth, Gorham, and Ira. Andrew Sawyer had seven children — Roxannah, wife of J. Emery; Franklin L, Ether C. G., A. Freeman, Hattie A., Andrew Y., and Wanietta. Mr. and Mrs. Emery have two children — Ralph Wald and "Harriet L. Mr. Emery owns a good farm of one hundred and sixty acres, located on the bank of the Piscataquis River. He has served as Town Treas- urer of his town. Mr. Emory R. Bailey, of Howland, is a son of James and Elizabeth Bailey, who came from New Brunswick to Phillips, Maine, in an early day. They had nine chil- dren, viz.: James A., Eliza A., Henry E., Rebecca, Abner S., CatharinJ, Mary A, John C, and Emory R. Mr. Bailey moved from Phillips to Howland many years ago. He died in 1861. He was a farmer. Emory R. Bailey was born July 8, 1831, in Phillips, Maine. He came to Howland when a lad with his father. On be- coming ot age he settled on the old place, and lived a few years. He was also engaged in trade two years. Mr. Bailey has followed farming more than any other busi- ness. He married for his first wife Anna S. Harden, by whom he had two children — Edgar, deceased, and Anna, also deceased. Mrs. Bailey and both children died in 1857, with diphthena. Mr. Bailey married for his second wife Miss Frances Emerson. They had three children, viz., Harry J., Fred A., and Grace H. Mr. Bailey has held prominent town ofifices, having been on the Board of Selectmen several terms, and Town Clerk for seventeen years in succession, and Justice for fifteen years. Moses Emerson, grandfather of John Emerson, came over to this country from England with two brothers. The three came with their father, whose name is not now known by John. Moses settled first in Haverhill, Mas- sachusetts, and afterward in Durham, Maine. Two 01 his sons, John and William, came to Bangor. Moses Emerson was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was a Commissary, and died soon after the declaration of independence, in Philadelphia. He married Lydia Burnham, who died in Durham, New Hampshire, in 1823, aged seventy-seven. John Emerson died Octo- ber 4, 1822, aged forty-four years. William died in March, i860, aged eighty-two years, both unmarried. The surviving members of the family are Moses Emer- son, Howland, Maine, Mrs. Samuel, of Orono, Albert, of Bangor, Louisa, now in Holyoke, Massachusetts, Lydia B., John, residing in Howland, Susan, wife of Mr. Griffin, Boston, Massachusetts, Mrs. Caroline E. Young, of Bangor, and George W., of Nevada. John Emerson is unmarried. He was born in Durham, New Hamp- shire, in 181 5. He lost his sense of hearing at the age of four years, by scarlet fever, and is therefore not able to talk, though he is a very intelligent man. When four- teen years of age he attended the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Connecticut, where he was graduated in 1838. The same year he came to Howland and settled as a farmer. The writer found him gathering in his fine crop of corn and apples, and thought as he left him what a grand thing schools for the deaf and dumb are. Tnis man's life would have been a blank but for such a school. Mr. William C. Hill, of Howland, is a son of William and Abigail Hill («« Abigail Dennett). William Hill was a native of Waterboro, Maine, a son of John Hill, a Revolutionary soldier. He had four children, viz: WiL liam C; Mary, widow of the late William Lowell, of St. Paul, Minnesota; Melinda, now Mrs. Levi Newcomb, of Oldtown, Maine; John, now of California. Mr. Hill is now living, being eighty-seven years of age. He has always been a farmer. He now makes his home with William C, in Howland. Mrs. Hill died in 1872. Wil- liam C. Hill was born July 22, 1825. He received a common school education and first settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, where he married Susan L. Abbott, of Bangor, daughter of Joseph and Sally Abbott. Mr. Hill made a voyage to California in 1849, and spent about a year, engaged in mining, hunting, and exploring. Re- turning from California he made a voyage around the world, and returned to New York City and engaged in box manufacturing. Went to Lowell in 1852 and worked four years as foreman of their river work for O. Allen & Co. In 1856 he moved to Bangor and engaged in farm- ing for six years, when he sold out and moved to How- land. In 1864 he made a tour through the Western States and returned to Howland, where he has since lived. He owns a fine farm on the Piscataquis, of 103 acres. He made veterinary surgery a study, and has been very successful in its practice. He is very fond of hunting, and has killed fifty-two bears since he lived in Howland. Mr. Hill has held most of the prominent town offices, and is now on the Board of Selectmen, Su- pervisor of Schools, and Constable. In 1879 he was elected to the House of Representatives, and again in 1880, on the Greenback ticket. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have no children, but have one adopted daughter, Annie. HUDSON. Hudson is an even township of thirty-six square miles, | conveniently situated six miles north of Bangor, by the east line of Glenburn, seven and one-half miles from the Penobscot River, and but three and a half miles at the northeast corner from the Bangor & Piscat- aquis Railroad. Its neighbor on the north is Bradford, which alone separates it from Orneville, Piscataquis county; on the east are Alton and a short breadth of Oldtown; on the south a little more of Oldtown, the whole upper width of Glenburn, and about half of Kenduskeag; and on the west Corinth. It is beautifully regular in its formation, each of its sides being an even six miles in length. The Little Pushaw Pond is the only water of size that lies wholly within the town. It lies in the northwest an- gle of Hudson, with its northwestern extremity three- fourths of a mile below the north line and but one-fourth of a mile from the west boundary. It stretches east of south one and a half miles long, and two-thirds of a mile in greatest breadth. The easternmost outline of this pond has a singular resemblance to a grotesque face, with a proboscis of a nose and an exaggerated mouth. A tributary one mile long comes in from Corinth at the northwestern extremity; and for some three miles across the northeast angle of Corinth and a mile in Hudson the Bear Brook comes in at the opposite extremity or foot of the lake, receiving a little before reaching the lake the West Brook from its heads two miles south, and at the pond receiving an outlet as the Pushaw Stream in its upper section. This runs southeasterly across the town four and a half miles to the head of Pushaw Lake. About midway of its course at Hudson village, it receives from Bradford and the central north of Hudson the waters of the Mohawk Brook, which is joined by the Forbes Brook a mile below the town line. Further down the stream receives three small affluents from the north; and above Hudson village half a mile the Beaver Brook comes in, flowing north from Glenburn entirely across the central south half of the town. One and a half miles west of this is a two-mile tributary to the Bakei Brook, which itself flows for half a mile across the south- west corner of this town. In the middle eastern part of Hudson heads a small affluent of the main Pushaw Stream. At the southeast of the upper section of Pushaw Lake, in this town, a tributary comes in from Old- town. The part of this famous sheet of water which lies in Hudson is two miles long, one and one-eighth miles in greatest breadth, and one-fourth of a mile at its narrow- est on the neck connecting it, near the southeast corner of the town, with the main sheet of the lake. It is a superb stretch of water, adding not a little to the attrac tions of the towns in which it lies. Although Hudson is so near to Bangor, to the Penob- scot, and to the railroad, it is as yet rather sparsely inhabited, especially in the northeast quarter. The principal road is the old stage-route from Bangor across Glenburn and through Hudson in a generally north course to and into Bradford. One and a half miles west of north from Hudson village, a branch highway strikes off northwest to a point near the northwest corner of the town, where it turns to the southwest, and joins a through north and south road in the east of Corinth. A mile from its point of departure it sends off a north road into Bradford, and, about a mile and a half further, another into the same town. Between these roads, one-third of a mile from the former, is School No. 4. Half a mile south of Hudson village a road begins, which runs due west past School No. 2, and southwest beyond the town line, to the South Corinth post-office. One and a half miles further south, at School No. 3, another westward road starts off, which two and a fourth miles to the west, at School No. 5, crosses a north and south road from the highway last before mentioned about due south into Glenburn. A mile further it has the terminus of another north and south road simply connecting the two east and west roads, and beginning on the other at School No. 2 over half a mile from the town line. Near the southern end of this the main road angles southwestward, across the corner of Corinth into Kenduskeag. One-fourth of a mile before reaching the town line, a southeast road, making an angle to the east at School No. 6, connects with the north and iouth road crossing at School No. 6. At Hudson village an important east and west road comes in from Orono, across Oldtown and an angle of Alton, receiving another near a church hard upon the town hne, coming down through Alton from the north- east. About half-way across it passes School No. 7. Hudson village is on the Pushaw Stream, no great dis- tance from the mouth of Beaver Brook on the west, and its eastern edge at the mouth of Mohawk Brook. The place is very happily situated, at the exact geographical centre of the town. It has the only post-office in Hud- son, a saw-mill, a shingle-mill, and a saw- and shingle- mill, two stores, cooper and other shops. Some shops are also found in other parts of the town, as at School No. 3, and midway betweenthat and Hudson village. The soil in Hudson is rather stony and hard, but fur- nishes much good grass and hay for stock. Formerly the valuable timber on the lands prompted most of the inhabitants to engage in lumbering ; but of late years the tendency has been rather to the pursuits of agriculture. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 361 Notwithstanding the existence of several mills at the vil- lage, but one person in the town has of late been reported as occupied in manufacturing lumber. The township which constitutes Hudson was purchased at an early day, of the State of Massachusetts, by Wil- liam Sullivan, of Boston. In 1800 white settlement began to arrive and locate. Messrs. Luke Wilder, Wareham Briggs, David Pierce, Tristram Warner, and others, were among the first settlers. It was long before the growth of the settlement warranted even the erection of a planta- tion; but after about a quarter of a century, in 1824, the tract was incorporated under the name of Jackson Plan- tation. It did not long remain in the transition stage, however; but the very next year, February 25, 1825, it became a full-fledged town, though not under its present name. It was called "Kirkland," and subsisted under this title for nearly thirty years, or until 1854, when by legislative resolve it took its present name of "Hud- son." In 1810 the township had S4 persons within its bounds; in 1820 it had 72. Kirkland town had 249 in 1830, 351 in 1840, and 717 in 1850. In i860 Hudson comprised 771 people, 739 in 1870, and 659 in 1880. The polls of Hudson counted 159 in i860, 152 in 1870, and 185 in 1880. The valuation of the estates of the town for these years, respectively, was $70,360, $101,497, ^-id $93,806. One hotel is kept in the town — the Hudson House. By the reports to the Maine Register for 1881, Hudson had one lumber manufacturer, one carriage- and one cabinet-maker, one shoemaker, two smiths, one butcher, two general stores, and one coal -dealer. The oflScers of the town for 1881 were: Henry W. Briggs, David Potter, George I. Smith, Selectmen ; Hen- ry W. Briggs, Town Clerk; Joseph Goodwin, Treasurer; Elihu B. Colomy, Joseph Robbins, Samuel A. Goodwin, Constables; Andrew J. Pierce, Collector; George W. Howe, School Supervisor; George W. Howe, Henry M. Beale, B. F. Brookings, H. W. Briggs (Quorum), George W. Howe (Trial), Justices. Mr. H. M. Beale is Postmaster. A sketch of his life and family is subjoined. Hon. Charles Beale was born in Kennebec county, 1806. He married Laura Chandler, of Minot, and came to Penobscot county about the year 1857, and settled in Bangor, where he remained about three years. In 1840 he came to Hudson and settled on the farm now owned by Isaiah Davis. He has followed the business of lum- bering and trading, and is still engaged in the lumber business. Has held the office of Selectman, Clerk, and Treasurer of the town of Hudson for many years. He also represented his class in the Maine Legislature three terms, and has been twice elected State Senator of his district. In politics he is a Republican. He is the father of seven children: Llewellyn C, died m Hudson; Henry M., married Laura E. Briggs and lives in Hud- son; Howard C, died in Hudson; Everett P., lives in Corinth; Mary J., lives in Hudson, and Emma, died in Hudson. Henry M., was born in Hudson in 1838, where hereceived.acommon school education. He also attended the academies at Bucksport and Hampden. In 1858 he went to Washington tiia the Isthmus, where he engaged in mining and trading and where he remained ten years, when he returned to his native place and pur- chased an interest in a store in company with H. W. Briggs, where he remained two years He was afterwards in company with L. K. Webber two years, and in 1875 built the store in which he is now doing business, and purchased a new stock of dry goods, notions, &c. In 187 1 he was appointed postmaster under Grant's ad- ministration, and has held the office up to the present time; has also held the office of Selectman two terms and the office of Town Clerk seven years. In 1880 he married Laura E. Briggs, a native of Bangor. In poli- tics is a Republican. KENDUSKEAG. Kenduskeag enjoys the singular honor of being the smallest town in the county, with the exception of Veazie and perhaps of Brewer and Mattamiscontis. It was formed in 1852, by cutting into the towns of Glenburn and Levant, which were each about an even township, and making from the eastern part of the latter and the western part of the former a new town. A slightly larger section, however, was cut from Glenburn, the south line of Kenduskeag on that side dropping just one hundred rods below the south line of the Levant section. Each section is in the shape of a parallelogram, and they are very nearly equal in width. The north line of the town is four and a half miles long ; the east line four miles ; the west line, as already noted, one hundred rods shorter; and the south line, measuring in the sides of the angles at the break on the Levant and Glenburn line, nearly 392 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. five miles, although this part of the town is no wider than the north part. Kenduskeag is bounded on the north by Hudson; on the east by Glenburn ; on the south by Glenburn and Levant; and on the west by Levant. It is but two miles from Bangor, from corner to corner. It con- tains but about twenty-one square miles, or 13,440 acres, " more or less." The principal water of this town is the important Ken- duskeag Stream, which gives the town its name. It intersects it completely in a course of nearly five miles, somewhat winding, but generally east of south. It enters about a mile from the northwest corner, and very near Higginsville, flows through that place and Kendus- keag village, nearly in the centre of the town, and out into Glenburn nearly one and a half miles from the southeast corner, returning into Kenduskeag after a short curve in Glenburn, and after a mile's further course mak- ing a final exit from the town one hundred rods above the southeast corner. Three quarters of a mile before its former departure from Kenduskeag it receives the waters of the Baker Brook, flowing from Hudson for about a mile a little below the north line of Kenduskeag, and thence almost due south, with a general distance of a mile from the east Une of the town. About as far below the north line it is expanded into a good-sized mill-pond by the shingle-mill at the lower end of the pond. Fifty or sixty rods below the mouth of Baker Brook, on the other or west side, the Kenduskeag takes in the Nolan Brook, which heads in the western central part of the town, and flows southeast and south of east a little more than three miles to its mouth. Nearly across the northwest angle of Kenduskeag, for a north- east course of about one and a half miles, the Evelith Brook, heading in the central north part of Levant, makes its way to the stream, emptying its waters about one-third of a mile below the north line. These are all the streams of Kenduskeag worth mention. The following pleasing poetical sketch, relating to a point upon the principal stream of this town, although not within its limits, may fitly find place here. It was con- tributed some time ago by Mr. W. H. Rice, to the Bos- ton Journal : THE LOVER'S LEAP. — A LEGEND. [From the waters of the Kenduskeag, flowing through Bangor, there rises to a great height a massive diff, the brow of which overhangs the stream, and which has long been known as "Lover's Leap."] Adown in the bosom of Maine, Where Kenduskeag still flows thro' the hills, In the days when the Indian held reign We're given this legend that thrills The Ustener's heart. Long ago, When the settler first paddled this stream. Long ere the vast woods were laid low. And the red man awoke from his dream,— The smoke circled up to the sky From a wigwam where lived Raven Hair; There were none of the band but would die For the sake of this maiden most fair, — For the love of the chief's only child. Though twenty brief summers had flown. On no brave of the band had she smiled, But to all her young heart was as stone. The father oft grieved as he thought Of his daughter so cold and so proud, And entreated to better her lot, — Yield her heart and her hand to White Cloud; But coldly she bowed the fair head And answered his wishes with "nay;" For she'd promised another to wed , And she begged the stem chief to say "yea." "My daughter, what stranger has won The pride of thy father's brave band?" ' ' She answered — "The settler — the son Of the paleface — the brave Iron Hand." The fierce warriors stole forth that same night To the town where the villagers lay; But swifter than they in her flight Raven Hair thro' the wood sped away. At his post her young lover she found, In a breath all their danger she told; About her his strong arms he wound, And kissed the fair cheeks pale and cold. "Iron Hand, for thy life thou must flee. There is war 'tween the red and the white; — So risk not thy welfare for me — Forsake Raven Hair this sad night." " Forsake thee, my own ! " — and his breath Fell hot on the dusky fair cheek; "Not in life, but united in death," His husky voice choked nor could speak — "In death we escape the dire hate Of thy father, and scorn of the white;— Yonder stream cannot tell of our fate, — Shall we go to the hunting-grounds bright?" In answer her hand pressed his own, Together they turned toward the stream. Till they stood on the cliff high and lone, Like a moonlit vision or dream. A moment two figures as one Were darkly portrayed on the sky; Then a plunge through the air — it was done: Twas the depth of their love e'en to die. The surface of Kenduskeag is quite even, and is easily cultivated. It is accounted a good agricultural town. This town is moderately well settled, except in the eastern or Glenburn section, which has thus far been almost totally neglected by the residents. Kenduskeag," on the stream of that name, and near the geographical centre of the town, has the only post-ofifice in the town, although a village exists in the northwest part, mainly on the northeast bank of the Kenduskeag, and bears the name of Higginsville. From the post-office radiate all the principal roads of the town. The old Charieston and Bangor stage-road, and one other highway, conie in across Glenburn from the direction of Bangor, one of them close to the Kenduskeag Stream, and unite at the southeast end of the village. From the northernmost of these a road branches off about one-half of a mile , from the east line, and runs north into Hudson. Just north of the bridge over the Kenduskeag, near the southeast corner of the town, the road from Glenburn post-office crosses it, and goes on a mile to an end at the other Bangor road, in the bend of the stream. On the other side of the river a road runs south and southwest from the village, passing a cemetery at the edge of town and School No. 7 a mile and a quarter further, and ending in Levant a mile or more beyond that. West of this an- other road, running more nearly southwest, passes from Kenduskeag out nearly at the southwest corner, and goes HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 393 to South Levant. It passes School No. 9 about a mile from the corner. Another road from the post-office runs westward and southwestward to West Levant, sending off a branch to the cross-roads southwest of Higginsville and Corinth a mile out, and another near the town line, which crosses the former below Higginsville, and runs north in- to Hudson. Another from this place makes off north- east across the Kenduskeag, and into Hudson at a dis- tance of about a mile and a half from its beginning. Finally, a highway runs up and tolerably near the east bank of the Kenduskeag to the north line of the town, with a branch starting off a little north of the village, and running east and northeast near the mill-pond to and into Hudson. At School No. 6 a branch runs through Higginsville and northwest into Hudson. Higginsville has a store, a saw- and shingle-mill, and two or three factories and shops. At Kenduskeag village are the Town Hall, the public school-house, a Congre- gational and Baptist church occupied in common, a Universalist church, a hotel, and a considerable number of mills, factories, and shops. The first settlers in the Kenduskeag territory were Major (afterwards General) Moses Hodsdon, in 1801; Recallis Clark, in 1803; Daniel Ladd, Samuel E. But- ton (afterwards the first Judge of Probate at Bangor, from whom Glenburn town received its fir-st name), Dr. Isaac Case, Thomas Griffin, and Mark Little. The town was incorporated February 20, 1832. As is well known, the name it bears is that which was originally given to the Plantation on the Penobscot, about the head of tidewater, subsequently erected into the town of Ban- gor. This is the first and only instance in the county, we believe, where a town has taken a plantation-name from any part of the county, not previously its own. Previous to 1852 the censuses of the present tract of Kenduskeag were taken with those of Levant and Glen- burn. In i860 its population was 816; in 1870 it was 770; in i88o, 650. The polls in these years were 184, 195, and 193; estates, $119,744, $171,230, and $181,700. The Congregational church in this town was organized December 23, 1834. Its pastors have been the Rev. Messrs. Robert Page, Charles B. Smith, Solomon Bixley, and Amos Redlon. The other clergymen of the town are reported as the Revs. Loyal Spaulding, Thomas B. Robinson, William Day, W. G. Gouchei, John Higgins, Baptist (cfiurch organized in 1828); F. A. Hodsdon, Jerome Harris, Elbridge Wellington, Moses Goodrich, Robert Blacker, Universalist, the last of whom is still pastor; and J. J. Banks, Free Baptist. The physicians of the town have been Drs. Isaac Case, Hiram C. Baxter, Ambrose Woodcock, Hall Davis, C. F. Gardiner, all now deceased except Drs. Baxter and Gardiner. ^ Lawyers— Solyman Heath, Abraham and Daniel San- born, S. S. Warren, Thomas B. Paine, Gridley T. Estes, Josiah Crosby, Charles Davis, and C. P. Roberts. There is now no attorney in the town ; b'ut there are two notaries. Hon. Levi Bradley, formerly resident here, was State Land Agent in 1842-6, and was also Sheriff of the county during his residence at Bangor. Kenduskeag has much good water-power, and it was formerly largely utilized for manufacturing shoes, cast- ings, and other important articles of commerce. Of late there have been in the town one manufacturer of lumber, one of shingles and cooperage, three others of cooperage, one of stoves and- agricultural implements, one of boots and shoes, one of harness, trunks, etc., one grist-mill, one tinman, one tailor, one undertaker, one auctioneer, one milliner, two dressmakers, four smiths, three general stores, tvi'o groceries, one jewelry, one drug store, one hardware and crockery store, one boot and shoe store, one stove and tin store, and one millinery shop. One hotel, the Kenduskeag, is kept in the town. The Ken- duskeag Cheese Factory has been in successful operation for nearly ten years. The more prominent societies in the town are the Ken' duskeag Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and the David White Post, No. 19, Grand Army of the Republic, which was organized March 31, 1868. There were lately also in existence the Kenduskeag Lodge, No. 137, In- dependent of Order Good Templars, and the Mystic Tie Grange, No. 58, Patrons of Husbandry. The Federal and town officers in Kenduskeag in 1881 were : F. A. H. Stackpole, postmaster; B. F. Higgins, Albert Hodsdon, F. A. H. Stackpole, Selectmen; F. A. H. Stackpole, Town Clerk; Greenlief Harvey, Treasurer; W. K. Nason, Constable and Collector; W. K. Nason, T. P. Batchelder, E. F. Nason, Constables ; M. L. Fisher, School Supervisor; T. P. Batchelder, E. B. Stackpole, F. A. H. Stackpole, Quorum; W. C. Spratt, Trial — Justices. A WAR BIOGRAPHY. The following highly complimentary notice of a native of.this town is comprised in the military biographies con- tained in the reports of the Adjutant-General of the State for the war period : Captain Isaac Winslow Case was born in Kendus- keag, where the larger portion of his life was spent, and was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the class of 1848. Of the character he sustained in college, a classmate, now a professor in a theological seminary, writes ; " He was generous, warm-hearted, social, a true friend, and thoroughly trustworthy. He excelled as a writer, ex- pressing fresh and pertinent thoughts with ease and grace. He had by nature the temper and spirit which incite to brave deeds. He had, also, the self-control and power of leading others — ^the decision, energy, and boldness, as well as the quick sympathies which qualify for command. He could not stand idly by when there was a call to do and dare. - In his college days he yearned for action, and sometimes was almost impatient for the conflict. He lived not to be, but to do; and his life culminated in fulfilling the inmost desires of his youth." Mr. Case en- listed as a private, September 10, 1862, and before leav- ing camp at Bangor was elected Captain of Company H, Twenty-second Regiment, upon which he was presented by his fellow-townsmen with a fine sword and sash. The regiment left Bangor October 21st, and in a few weeks joined the army of General Banks at New Orleans. The Southern climate, so trying to most of our soldiers, had 594 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. but little apparent effect upon the' health of Captain Case. Just before the surrender of Port Hudson, he joined the storming paity of a thousand volunteers to make a con- templated desperate attack upon that stronghold; but be- fore the time appointed for the charge he was attacked by the congestive fever, of which he died on the 6th of July, 1863. His remains were taken to New Orleans the following morning, there embalmed, and forwarded to his friends at Kenduskeag, where they were buried with military honors. His character during all the trials and hardships of army life is reported as having been that of a true and self-denying Christian soldier. He left behind him a record the purity and beauty of which can never be tarnished. The following further notice of Captain Case is in- cluded in the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College: Class of 1 848 — Isaac W. Case, born in Kenduskeag, November, 1822 ; was a teacher of youth two or three years, and then settled upon a farm in Kenduskeag, where he resided when he entered the service, October, 1862, Captain of Company H, Twenty-Second IVJaine; served under General Banks at Port Hudson. He had volun- teered as one of a storming party, but was seized with congestive fever, and, after a few hours' sickness, died. He bore the reputation of a brave soldier and a Christian man. Faithful as a soldier, he was true to his profession as a soldier of the cross, exerting an important influence for good over his command. OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Oliver K. Nason, of Kenduskeag, is a son of Edward and Susan Nason {nee Susan Small). His grandfather, John Nason, was a native of Berwick, Maine. Edward and Susan Nason had seven children, viz: Oliver K.; Aaron ; Richard ; Albion ; Mar)', wife of Josiah Mayo, of Portland, Maine ; Sarah, deceased ; Eliza, widow of George Murch, of Saccarappa, Maine; Susan M., de- ceased. Mr. Nason followed lumbering for a business. He spent most of his life in Limington, Maine, and died in Kenduskeag in 1856. Mrs. Nason died January 23, 1868. Oliver K. Nason was born December 14, 1809, in Limington, York county, Maine. He first settled in South Standish, Maine, where he lived about three years, and carried on the cooper business. From there he moved to Levant (now Kenduskeag) in March, 1833, where he lived about two years, and then moved to Brad- ford, in this county, and lived three years, being there engaged in lumbering. In Bradford he married Miss Sarah J. Holland, daughter of Daniel Holland, of Dover, Maine. About 1840 he moved back to Kenduskeag, where, he has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Nason have had six children, viz: Susan, deceased; William H., deceased; William K., now in Kenduskeag; Margaret A., wife of Captain George W. Wooster ; Richard M., now m Leadville, Colorado ; and Edward O., of Ken- duskeag. Mr. Nason was for many years an officer in the militia, rising to the position of Colonel. He rep- resented his class in the Legislature in 1854. Captain Elijah B. Stackpole, of Kenduskeag, is a son of James and Abigail Stackpole («(r^ Abigail Brock). His grandfather was Stephen Stackpole, of Soniersworth, New Hampshire. James and Abigail Stackpole had seven children, viz: Elijah B., Lydia, Martha, Mary E., Wil- liam E., Sarah, and John, all of whom are living except Lydia and Martha. Mr. Stackpole was a tailor by trade, as was his father. He lived in South Berwick the latter part of his life, and died some eight years since. Captain Elijah B. Stackpole was born July 10, 1804, in Somers- worth. New Hampshire. He first settled in South Ber- wick as a tradesman, having served an apprenticeship in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He lived in South Ber- wick three years, when he moved to Pittsfield, New Hampshire, and from there to Buxton, Maine. He lived in Buxton four years, when he moved to Bangor, and from Bangor he came to Levant, now Kenduskeag, in 1834, where he has since lived, following the business of store-keeper, hotel-keeper, etc. Since 1847 he has lived on a farm, working at other kinds of business, as survey- ing, etc. He married Nancy E. Wentworth, of South Berwick, Maine. They have had five children, viz: Henry A., of Kenduskeag; Charles C, deceased; Wil- liam H. H., of Kenduskeag ; Frederick A. H., postmas- ter of Kenduskeag, and Edwin M., deceased. Mr. Stackpole has held the office of Deputy Sheriff two terms. Justice of the Peace and Quorum for twenty-one years, and Trial Justice for many years. He is now seventy-seven years of age, and is at present Trial Jus- tice. He is a man widely known in this section, having been for many years a captain of the militia. He has held many other town offices ; was for five years a mem- ber of the State Board of Agriculture. Royal S. Hodsdon, of Kenduskeag, was born July 26, 1834. His father, Jonathan B. Hodsdon, now living in Kenduskeag, was a native of Levant when it comprised Kenduskeag. He married Sarah Frees. They have five children, viz: Royal S.; Elmina F., wife of Francis Har- vey, of Kenduskeag; Augusta A., now Mrs. G. Harvey, of this town; Nellie and Edwin C, twins. Nellie mar- ried William K. Nason, of Kenduskeag. Edwin lives in Boston. Mr. Hodsdon is a cooper by trade, and is still living in Kenduskeag. Royal S. Hodsdon, the oldest son of this family, was born in this town and has always lived here. He married Julia A. Elliott, daughter of Samuel and Abigail Elliott, of Kenduskeag. They have one son, Charlie E. Mr. Hodsdon learned the cooper trade, and worked at that until about 1853, when he en- gaged in trade here in Kenduskeag, which he followed about eight years, or until about 1862. He engaged in the jewelry business, in connection with his other busi- ness, in 1862, and now follows it exclusively. He is also a filer of saws. He lives on the Bangor road leading through the village of Kenduskeag. Abner F. Clements, of Kenduskeag, was born April i, 1847. He is a son of the late John C. Clements, who was born in Frankfort, Maine, and married Lucy Little- field, daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Littlefield, of Winterport, Maihe. They had seven sons, viz: Edmund, now of Levant; Charles L., now of Winterport, Maine; George M., now in Corinth, Maine; John, Jr., deceased; Daniel W., deceased, died in the army; Albert, deceased; HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 395 and Abner. Mr. Clements was a farmer, and invented the Clements horse hoe, which he manufactured during the last years of his life. He died in 1869. Mrs. Clem- ents now lives with her son Abner in Kenduskeag, on the oid homestead. Abner F. Clements married for his first wife Melissa Towle, of Hartland, who died June 13, 1874. She had two children, viz: Effie J., deceased, and Melissa. Mr. Clements married for his second wife Miss Dora Averill, of Winterport. To this couple have also been born two children, viz : Abbie M. and Efifie D. Mr. Clements has a good farm about one mile south of Kenduskeag village, where he has always lived. W. C. Spratt, of Kenduskeag, is a son of Nathaniel and Betsey Spratt, nee Betsey Ward. Nathaniel Spratt and Betsey Ward were both born in China, Kennebec county, Maine. They had eight children, viz: Emeline W., Marian C, William C, Thomas G., Francis D., Mel- ville B., Betsey E., and Augustus N.; all of whom are living except Betsey E. Mr. Spratt was a mason and manufacturer of brick. He lived during his later life in Alton, Penobscot county, where he died in 1865. Mrs. Spratt died in 1867. William C. was born December 24, 1826, in China, Maine. He settled in Alton, where he lived about twenty-six years. He married Christiana L. Crawford, daughter of Joseph and Olive Crawford, of Burnham, Maine. They have seven children, viz: Em- ma L., wife of R. A. Shaw, of Washburn, Aroostook county, Maine; Charles W., now in college in Philadel- phia; Sewall C, of Houlton, Maine; Arthur W., Alber L, Lillie A., and Willie L. Mr. Spratt has been a lumberman and manufacturer of lumber most of his life. He now lives on a farm in Kenduskeag, near the village. He has held all the prominent town offices in the gift of his townsmen. He has held the office of Trial Justice, and in i860 was a member of the Legislature represent- ing Alton, Bradford, Charleston, and Lagrange. He is a Republican in politics. Franklin D. Jenkins was born in Vassalboro, Maine, December 31, 1831. His father, Moses Jenkins, was a native of Kittery, and married Sarah Frye. They had six children, viz: William H., deceased; Mary A., wife of Christian F. Anderson, of Pioche, Nevada; Sa- rah M., deceased; Moses C, now of Vassalboro, Maine; Franklin D. and Eben F., deceased. Mr. Jen- kins was a prominent business man. He carried on farm- ing, tannery business, and the manufacture of boots and shoes. He died in 1854. Mrs. Jenkins died in 1846. Franklin D. Jenkins commenced life as a clerk in a store in Plymouth, at the age of seventeen. From Ply- mouth he went to Bangor as bookkeeper for Thomas A. White. He remamed there two and a half years, when he went to Pittsfield, Maine, and engaged in trade. This was in 1858. He continued there for thirteen years, and also at the same time or during this time engaged in a successful pine land speculation in Michigan, though he did not live there. He came to Kenduskeag in 1871, and engaged in farming. He has a fine place near the village ot Kenduskeag, and is successful as a fruit raiser. He married Helen N. Jerrard, daughter of John and Jane Jerrard, of Plymouth, Maine. They have seven children, viz: Alice, now Mrs. A. H. Cornforth, of Pitts- field, Maine; Annie H., Louise A., Vernon F, Fred A., Bertha L, and Ralph D. Mr. Jenkins has held promi- nent town offices both in Pittsfield and in Kenduskeag, having been Town Treasurer here several years. Hon. T. P. Batchelder was born in Sanford, York county, Maine, in 1815, where he received a common- school education. In 1838 he came to Penobscot county and settled in Kenduskeag, and engaged as clerk in the store of Allen & Goodwin, and in 1836 purchased this stock of goods and engaged in business on his own ac- count, in which he has continued up to the present time. He also held the office of Postmaster of Kenduskeag for nearly thirty years, the longest term probably of any man in the count)', and has held the office of Town Clerk, Treasurer, and Selectman of his town for over thirty years. In 1858 he represented his class in the State Legislature, as a Democrat, and was elected by a class that usually went one hundred Republican. In 1840 he married Mariah York, a native of Belfast, and is the father of two children. Abbe M., wife of William P. Mi- nor, of Brunswick, Georgia; Selah H., living at home. KINGMAN. Kingman may be said to lie almost upon the border of the great Aroostook wilderness. When the trains on the European & North American Railroad leave the Penob- scot for the eastward at Mattawamkeag, they run for eight and one-fifth miles without passing a station; and when they leave Kingman station, they run for nearly thirteen miles before coming to a regular stopping place, — Bancroft, Aroostock county; — and thenceforth to the State line stations are few and small. Nevertheless Kingman is getting a remarkably good development for its years, and in the matter of population has a record for the decade 1870-80 that can not be approached, much less paralleled, by any other part of Penobscot county. In that time, as the returns of the ninth and tenth cen- suses show, its people increased more than three-fold — from 184 to 546, or by 361, an average of 36 per year. We doubt whether another town in Maine has a record in similar proportion for those years. But Kingman is not a large town; it does not comprise a surveyed township. It is rather long and narrow — six miles, or township length, from north to south, and nearly four miles wide throughout. It thus contains a little over twenty-three square miles, or about fifteen thousand acres. Its southwest corner is fifty-one miles, in a bee-line, from the limits of Bangor. It is bounded on the north by Macwahoc Plantation, Aroostook county; on the east by Drew Plantation; on the south by Webster Plantation; and on the west by Mattawamkeag. Prentiss corners on it at the southeast, and Winn is at no great distance to the southwest. Kingman is completely intersected from east to west by the Mattawamkeag River. This enters from Drew Plantation about two miles from the southeast corner of Kingman, makes a bend to the northward a little, nearly touching the railroad at Crossuntic Station, passing along the south front of Kingman village, and out of the town less than one and one-half miles from the southwest cor- ner. Two miles below Kingman, on this stream, at a locality known as Sowtaradi, is the extensive Shataruck Boom, which can hold four to six millions of feet in logs at one time. About three-fourths of a mile before reaching King- man village the Mattawamkeag receives a tributary, the Crossuntic Stream, coming almost straight from Macwa- hoc Plantation, and one-third of a mile above this another small tributary, coming in from Prentiss at the southeast corner of Kingman, and flowing most of its course near the east line, joins the Mattawamkeag. Half a mile be- fore leaving the town the river is swelled by the vastly more important affluent, the Molunkus Stream, which enters from Macwahoc at the northwest corner of King- 396 man, makes a slight bend across into Mattawamkeag, thence back into the town, and on south with a straight, broad current to the river. The chief thoroughfare of Kingman is, of course, the European & North American Railway, which passes through the town near the north bank of the river, nearly east and west, making a station at Kingman vil- lage, and "Crossuntic Station," two and four-fifths miles east of that — a mere occasional stopping-place to accom- modate loggers and others in the woods. From the west end of the village a road goes off up the Molunkus and into Macwahoc near the northwest corner of that town. Nearly all the country settlement in Kingman is on this road, and mainly on the east side of it. From the mid- dle of the village a road crosses the Mattawamkeag and runs off southeastward across a corner of Webster Plan- tation into Prentiss. Another road from Prentiss across Drew Plantation strikes the river nearly opposite Cross- untic Station. Short roads also extend east and west from the village. Kingman village is one and one-half miles from the west side of the town, and two from the east side; a little more than three miles from the north line, and over two miles from the south boundary. It is a long and narrow site, stretched along the north, bank of the Mattawam- keag. A principal element in its growth the last ten years has been the establishment here of the extensive sole-leather tannery of Messrs. F. Shaw & Bros., with a long row of cottages for their workmen. The tannery and the railroad have mainly developed Kingman. Here, or in the neighborhood, are also several saw- and shingle- mills ; and the usual stores and shops, with the post-office and school-house, are included in the place. The hotel here is the Kingman House. This town is known in the surveys as Township No. 6, in the fourth range north of the Bingham Purchase. The Waterston and Pray Purchase, in this region, included nine hundred acres in the north and east part of the present Kingman. The rest of the town formed a part of the appropriation made many years ago by Massachusetts, in pursuance of the liberal system of grants then prevail- ing, to aid the town of Camden, then in Lincoln but now in Knox county, to build a bridge over the Duckirap Stream. Settlement got into this remote region very slowly, however. It is said, indeed, that the settlement of this territory dates only from 1864. The tract was still a dense and comparatively unbroken forest in 18591 when, on Independence Day of that year, it received its first municipal organization as the McCrillis Plantation. For nearly seven years it existed under this designation, and then, March 28, 1866, perhaps from the date of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 397 former incorporation, it became Independence Plantation. There were still but few settlers, and another seven years were yet to pass before their number would warrant the erection of a town. Finally, in 1873, the improved prospects of the Plantation, especially at the village, jus- tified emergence from the chrysalis state; and on the 25th of January, of that year, the decisive step was taken which made it a town under the present name. This title was given in honor of Mr. R. S. Kingman, junior member of the firm of Shaw & Kingman, predecessors at the village of the firm of F.-Shaw & Brothers, in the tannery and mercantile business. We have no census returns of this tract back of 1870. In that year "Independence Plantation" had 185 people. At the last census (1880), Kingman town had a popula- tion of 546 — an increase, as before noted, of 361. The polls in 1870 numbered 16; in 1880, 165. Estates in these years, $30,677, $75,455 — in the former case a val- uation quite large, in proportion to the population or number of voters. The principal manufactory in Kingman is, of course, the great tannery at the village. There are also in the town one steam-mill and shingle-factory, one shingle- and lumber-mill, one shingle-machine, one harness-maker, one carriage-maker, two smiths, one large dry goods and grocery store, and three general stores. There is one resident lawyer. The following-named are the town officers for this year (188 1): Curtis Beatham, James S. Richardson, Al- mon Leavitt, Selectmen; Almon Leavitt, Town Clerk; H. A. Smith, Treasurer ; Curtis Beatham, S. L. Rodgers, C. L. Goodwin, Constables; A. Leavitt, O. W. Beatham, Erastus Doble, School Committee; J. E. Estes, W. S. Smith, Justices (trial). Mr. W. F. Staples is the King- man Postmaster. The town is fairly supplied with schools. Until re- cently the Union League Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, was in existence here; but there are just now no public or semi-public societies in the town. BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF SETTLERS. F. W. Campbell, of Kingman, was born March 13, 1828. .He is a son of Robert and Mary Campbell, of the Province of New Brunswick. Robert Campbell was a son of Tamberland Campbell, a native of Scotland. He was a soldier in Wolfe's army at Quebec. Robert and Mary Campbell had twelve children — Michael, now in the Province of New Brunswick; Sally, deceased; Hattie Ann, deceased; Mary, wife of Thomas E. Simon- son, of New Brunswick; Julia, wife of William Simonson; Charlotte, now Mrs. H. House, of Frankfort, Maine; George, now in New Brunswick, a Baptist clergyman; Wellington, deceased; Frederick W.; Sophia, now Mrs. , L. H. Wright, of New Brunswick; Henry A., deceased; Amanda, deceased. Mr. Campbell lived and died in New Brunswick, his death occurring in 1878. Mrs. Campbell died in 1869. F. W. Campbell was reared on the farm in New Brunswick till of age. He first en- gaged in milling, principally working in saw-mills, follow- ing the business for about six years, when he went to farming in New Brunswick. He lived there until 1861, when he moved to Frankfort, where he lived about eight years engaged in farming. In 1870 he moved to his present place in Kingman. He lives about one mile north of Kingman. He married for his first wife Miss Louisa Branning, of New Brunswick. By her he. had four children — Martha; Robert, deceased; John F., and Jarvis. Mrs. Campbell died in 1855, and Mr. Camp- bell married for his second wife Miss Clara Staples, of Sedgwick, Maine. They have had one child that died in infancy. Mr. Campbell was Deputy Sheriff in New Brunswick; also Town Counselor for some time. William Horton, of Kingman, is a son of John and Sarah Horton {nee Sarah Day). They were from Halifax. John and Sarah Horton had eight children — Benjamin, deceased; John, deceased; Elizabeth, deceased; William; Sarah, wife of William Trecarton, of Carlton, New Brunswick; Fannie, widow of John Pangburn, of Carl- ton, New Brunswick; Henry, now in Massachusetts; Bar- bara A., deceased. Mr. Horton died in 1848, and Mrs. Horton is still living in New Brunswick. William Hor- ton was born January 9, 1838, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. His father was a seafaring man, and the boys were reared on a farm until William was ten years old, when his father died and the farm was sold. William, at the age of ten, went to sea, and followed it with his uncle until he was fifteen. He then left the sea and came to New Brunswick and worked in the saw-mills and logging woods for two years, when he fitted out boats and fished two years. He came to the States in 1859, having mar- ried Miss Eleanor McFadden the year before. He then settled where he now lives, it being then a wilderness with but two settlers in town, built a log-house, and cleared up his present farm. He now has a very good set of farm buildings and a good farm. To this couple have been born three sons — David Henry, John Leslie, and Wil- liam Guy. He has 188 acres in his farm. He was burned out in 1S62 and lost all his buildings. Captain James H. Boyd, of Kingman, was born in Bristol, Maine, May 11, 1826. His parents, James and Sarah Boyd {nee Sarah Chamberlain), had six children, viz : John, deceased; James H.; Archibald, now m Bangor; Rodney, also in Bangor; Elizabeth, deceased; Caroline, deceased, wife of Henry Treat, of Bangor. James Boyd died at Frankfort October 15, 1858. Mrs. Boyd died October 16, 1871. James H. Boyd, the second son of this family, lived with his parents on the farm until he was fourteen years of age, when he went to sea. He followed the sea and engaged in steamboating until 1849, when he went to Cahfornia. He became mate and finally captain of a vessel. He made foreign voyages mostly. He remained on the Pacific coast until 1870, engaged in steamboating on the Columbia River as mate and captain, also in mining and tanning. During this time he was six years in Idaho. In 1870 he re- turned to Bangor and built a steam mill at Mattawam- keag, where he remained three years, when he came to Kingman and built the steam mill on the river near Kingman. Here he has since lived, engaged .in the manufacture of short lumber. He married for his first 398 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE wife Miss Mary T. Miller, daughter of General Miller, of Bangor. She died in 1863. Mr. Boyd married for his second wife Miss Lizzie Savary. They have no chil- dren. James L. Scott, son of John Scott, of New Brunswick, who was born in the United States, married Joan Han- son, of New Brunswick, by whom he had eleven children: Mark, Phebe, Mary, Moses, Fannie, Luther M., Ruth, William, John, Calvin, James, and one that died in in- fancy. James L. Scott died in 185 1, and his wife in 1854, both in Chester, Maine, having settled in the county in 1824. Luther Scott, the third son, was born March 8, 1818, in New Brunswick, and went to Bangor, Maine, with his parents, when six years of age. They moved thence to Oldtown, and in 1831 settled in Ches- ter. When a young man Luther Scott went to Wood- ville and engaged in farming and lumbering, returning to Chester after a few years, where he lived twenty-six years, In 1878 he moved to ItCingman, where he now lives. He married Caroline Smith, of Chester, and had a family of ten children, three of whom are deceased: John, died in the army; David S., William W. Henry H., Alvin B,, Millard F., Alonzo B., Thomas J., Franklin P., Lillian M., and Clara A. LAGRANGE. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. Lagrange is the largest organized town in the county, save Lincoln and Burlington, and is very nearly as large as the latter, having the same length, but differing by a slightly less width. It is bounded on the north by Med- ford, Piscataquis county ; on the west by the whole length of Orneville, Piscataquis county, and about half the length of Bradford, Penobscot county; on the south by Alton and a corner of Argyle; and on the east by the whole western breadth of Howland and the entire length of Argyle. It is not quite a regular parallelogram, the sides not being precisely of equal length and the angles consequently not exactly right angles. A slight jog also occurs on the east line, over two and one-half miles from the northeast corner, just at the southwest corner of Howland, by which the line is carried about one-fifth of a mile to the eastward, widening the rest of the town by so much. The south boundary is five and one-eighth miles long, and this width narrows but by an almost impercepti- ble amount for five and one-half miles north, until the jog is reached, where the town is a trifle less than five miles wide, and narrows still further to four and five-sixths on the north line. The west line of Lagrange is its longest boundary, being eight and one-third miles long. The length shortens a very little going eastward, and is but eight miles on a line drawn straight from the north- east corner. The town, however, contains over forty square miles, or between twenty-five and thirty thousand acres. It is fifteen miles due north of Bangor, and five miles from the Penobscot River on the south line of Edinburg. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad runs for nearly six miles in this town, entering from Alton not quite two miles from the southwest corner of Lagrange, running w£st of north to South Lagrange Station and post-ofifice, about three-fourths of a mile from the south line of the town, at the intersection of the only two im- portant roads in this part of the town; thence four miles further to Lagrange village, and about a mile beyond passing out of the town into Orneville. This road is of great service and convenience to the people of this region. Nearly parallel with it almost to the county line is the wagon-road which comes in from Alton upon the gentle elevation or "horseback," continuing through these towns. The highway runs through Lagrange village, and by a general north course thence to the north line of the town, where it passes into Medford. It is the only highway that completely traverses the town in any direc- ti9n. At South Lagrange a branch starts off at right angles toward the southwest corner of this town, where it crosses into Bradley. The narrow strip of territory which it crosses, between the town line and a stream run- ning from north to south a little distance from it, is known in local parlance as "the Gore." It is wholly uninhabited. This biook is the Dead Stream, which heads near the county line about a mile and a quarter northwest of Lagrange village, and flows about five miles to the south line, where it runs into Alton, receiv- ing a small tributary two thiles above its exit. At the village a road runs off eastward with a straight track for about two miles, when it ends near the East Branch of the Birch Stream. This heads in the north central part of the town, and runs south and southwestward four and one-half miles to a junction with the West Branch within two-thirds of a mile of School No. 3. TheWest Branch rises in the nojthwest part of the town, and flows about eight miles southward. Below the junction the Birch Stream broadens considerably, and runs about two miles to the south line, where it passes out of the town and forms the boundary between Alton and Argyle. At the cemetery just east of Lagrange village, a well-settled HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 399 road runs off to the northeast, forking into two branches at the edge of Rowland, half a mile below the northeast corner of Lagrange. A mile north of the village a road rurs a short way west into Orneville, and a mile further another highway runs east half a mile, and thence east of north to its departure from the town on the Medford line. A mile and a halt from its beginning it crosses a small brook which has three little headwaters a mile or more east .of the road, and a petty tributary west of it, and also crosses, when perhaps a third of a mile from the county line, another small tributary flowing from a pond at the southwestward a mile and a half to a junction with the main stream somewhat nearer the line. Near the northeast corner of the Hoyt Brook comes in from Med- ford, and flows near the east line to its exit across the corner of Howland mto Edinburg. Running alongside of it, southwesterly, at one to two miles' distance, is the Hemlock Stream, which heads about one-third of a mile south of the pond aforesaid, and after near six miles' run passes into Edinburg. The banks of this stream, and indeed the whole central and southern parts of the eastern half of Lagrange, are as yet unsettled. The land is in fertile meadow, very valuable for hay and the like. The road along the ''horseback" is thickly settled al- most to the north line of the town. The settlement is naturally densest about the cross-roads at Lagrange post- office. This place is near the east line of the town, al- most exactly half-way down its length. The Town •House is here, also Free Baptist and Union churches, a public school-house, and the usual stores and shops, with important mills. There is also a grocery store at the South Lagrange Station and post-office, kept by the post- master and station-keeper, Mr. J. P. Stearns. The soil of Lagrange is rather superior, in comparison with the rest of the county, and the surface generally level enough, and well-timbered. Lumbering has con- sequently been long a prominent industry in the town ; though large amounts of wheat and other kinds of grain are grown by the agriculturists. The broad, low ridge extending through the town from north to south, and known as the "horseback," is wholly occupied by excel- lent farms. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY.* To write the history of a town that shall be strictly true as to date and incident, after a lapse of three-score years, is next to impossible. One man will fix the date of a certain event in the year 1821, for instance; another will fix the date of the same event in the year 1820; and the third, with equal positiveness, will fix the date in the year 1822. Now, it is certain that but one of them is correct, and barely possible neither of them; hence the reader of the following brief history of the early settlement of the town of Lagrange is most respectfully asked to exercise t , „ "^^' charity that " thinketh no evil," and charge such errors, if any exist, to the head, and not to the heart. The remainder of this sketch, except the biographies, has been most kindly contributed by Pliny B. Soule, Esq., one of the Lagrange pio- neers, and for more than a generation a Justice of the Peace and other- wise a prominent citizen at Lagrange village. Posterity, as well as the present generation, owes a debt of gratitude to this gentleman, for his painstaking care in the preparation of this part of our History. MORE DESCRIPTION. Within the corporate limits of the town of Lagrange, as per act of incorporation dated February 11, 1832, is embraced what was then known as the plantations of Oxford and Hammond, bounded on the north by Kil- marnock (now called Medford), on the east by Howland and Township One (now called Edinburg), on the west by Bradford and Milton (now called Orneville), and on the south by Township No. 3 (now Alton). It contains about thirty-four thousand acres. Its general surface is remarkably level; nothing like a mountain, or even a hill sufficiently elevated above the surrounding country to attract the eye ot the traveler, is to be seen. Its surface waters are conveyed slowly towards the great Atlantic reservoir by Dead, Birch, and Hemlock Streams, and by Cold Brook. PRIMITIVE TIMES. At the time of the advent of the white man, all these streams literally swarmed with spotted trout, which were caught in large numbers and highly prized as a nu- tritious and healthy food by the pioneers. Before the sound of the woodman's axe ever resounded through its forests, the entire town was covered with a heavy growth of pine, spruce, hemlock, fir, and hard wood. It was mosl emphatically a timber township. Here in these dark forests the stately moose, the shy deer, and the yet more timid caribou roamed at pleasure, raised their young, and selected their camping grounds for the winter, with their inalienable rights uninvaded, save only by " Lo, the poor Indian." Here oh these streams the industrious beaver felled his timber and built his dam, traces of which are plainly visible at the present day. Here, too, in these dark forests roamed the black bear at pleasure, often paying his compliments to the early settlers in midnight raids into their oat- and corn- fields. THE FIRST IMPROVEMENTS. Years before any permanent settlement was made, Jo- siah Bennock, Esq., of Orono, cleared several acres of land on lot number thirty-eight, on the east side of the Bennock road, now so called, which was the first land cleared, and seeded it to grass, that he might cut hay to be used in his lumber operations on Dead Stream. About the year 1820, a road was laid out by the State from some point in Orono through Township No. 3 (now Alton), and the Plantations of Oxford and Hammond (now Lagrange). This was located onihe "horseback," so called, which forms the divide between the waters of Dead and Birch Streams. That part of the road south of the north line of Lots No. 51 was built by Mr. Bennock ; and from that time to the present it has been called the Bennock road, while that part north of said Lots 5 1 has been called the State road. THE PIONEERS. In 1821 Captain John Freese entered upon Lot No. 14 in Hammond, being the corner lot in the plantation on the west side of the State road. He felled a few acres of trees, cleared the land in the spring of 1822, put in his crop, built his log cabin, and moved his family 4O0 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. into it in the fall of 1822. In June of that year David Hinkley and Orrin Fuller, both of Livermore, came here. Mr. Hinkley settled upon Lot No. 50, upon the east side of the Bennock road, and Mr. Fuller upon Lot No. i, in the Williamson square, so called,'on the east side of the State road. As there are no plantation records for refer- ence, it is very difficult ascertaining who were the next settlers; but it is remembered that Hatsell Delano, Hugh P. Kealliher, Welcome and Zadok Bishop, and Simeon Bryer were among the earliest settlers. Mr. Bryer located in 1824, upon Lot No. i, in the first range of lots adjoining Kilmarnock, now Medford. Nathaniel Foy, David Hoyt, and John Gray were among the very early settlers. FIRST THINGS. Rev. Mr. Reed, of the Methodist Episcopal church, preached the first sermon, in the log cabin of Zadok Bishop. The first child born in the settlement was a girl, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Hatsell Delano. The first male child born within the limits of the town was named David Hoyt, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. David Hoyt. The first school was taught by Miss Mary Lindsey, of Livermore, in a little room in Zadok Bishop's cabin. A very pleasant rivalry existed for some time between Mr. Hinkley and Mr. Fuller as to who should build the first framed buildings. The former, who is still living at the ripe age of eighty-four years, often uses the prefix " I says," when relating anything he said on a former oc- casion. So in this instance he relates it in this way : " I says, 'Orrin, you needn't fret nor chafe nor hurry, for I shall raise the first house, and I shall raise the first barn, and I shall get married first, and I shall have the first baby,' " — all of which assertions time proved to be true. The first-saw-mill was built about the year 1827, upon the site and on the same mud-sills upon which the saw- mill now stands on Dead Stream. THE GREAT DROUGHT AND FIRE. In 1825 occurred the great fire that swept over Eastern Maine, destroying crops, houses, barns, mills, and many thousand acres of valuable timber lands. So severe and protracted was the drought that the tops of the trees in the valleys of Birch, Hemlock, and Dead Streams, where the growth was mostly hemlock, spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper, with here and there a pine, had become so dry that the fire was driven through them by a strong wind with almost railroad speed. There was no fire on the earth beneath till it fell from the tops of the trees above. Every reasonable measure that self preservation or inge- nuity could suggest to save life or property was resorted to. Holes were dug in the earth, and wearing apparel and bedding buried below the reach of fire. Barrels, tubs, and pails were filled with water, though in some in- stances it had to be carried quite a distance, and placed near the log cabins. Swabs were made and fastened to the end of long poles, with which to wet the roofs should the cabins take fire. After the fire had spent its fury and the smoke cleared away, look in whatever direction you would, it was one wide scene of blackness and ruin save a little green spot here and there, an oasis araid the black- ness and surrounding desolation. It required firmness and decision to remove this black mass of timber and make the earth bud and blossom like the rose; but the hardy pioneers were equal to this and every other emer- gency. A SAD TRAGEDY. About seventy years ago (the exact time cannot be as- certained) any one standing where the Dirigo House now stands at Lagrange Corner, casting his eye south- ward along the spotted line which was the only guide the traveler had at that distant day, might have seeti a wayfarer with a heavy pack upon his back, slowly beating his way against a cold, driving, northeast snow-storm. The cold was intense, and the wind blew a gale. The State road had not been located. Perhaps three or four families had settled on the intervales in Howland and Maxfield. A line had been spotted from what is now known as the State road, on the south line of the Ham- mond tract easterly to the Piscataquis River. A line had also been spotted from what is now Lagrange Cor- ner in a northeasterly direction to intersect the line above referred to. The anxious traveler reaches the corner, pauses a moment evidently to decide upon what course to take, turns to the right, and with all his strength and energy urges his way onward. It was evident that his objective point was some one of the settlers' homes east on the river. It was late in' the afternoon, the storm and cold increasing; and such a fearful night as it must be would soon close in around him, in the darkness of which it would be impossible to follow the spotted line. No wonder that under such circumstances he should put forth alt the strength and energy he possessed. He had not traveled more than four or five miles before darkness closed around him, and it was impossible to follow the trail. He pauses a few moments, evidently to rest, hangs his pack to the limb of a tree, and starts again, unencumbered, on his journey. He travels but a short distance before he deviates from the line, goes in a zigzag direction a short distance, falling over logs that lie in his course, until, entirely exhausted, he sits down in the snow and leans against a tree, evidently to rest and recuperate his ex- hausted energy and strength. Again he starts, but in the few minutes' respite he had taken the intense cold had been doing its fearful work. A numbness pervaded the entire system; his joints grew clumsy and almost stiff, causing him to fall at almost every step, till he can proceed no further. With his body inclined against a tree, there in midnight's darkest hour, there in the mer- ciless storm, therewith wind and storm chanting his dying requiem in the trees above his head, with no kind friend to speak words of comfort in this trying hour and direct his thoughts to that fair land of which the poet sang: "On Jordan's stormy banks I stand, And cast a wishful eye To Canaan's fair and happy land, Where my possessions lie." There with no eye save that Eye that never slumbers HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 401 to witness his fruitless efforts to reach the settlements on the river, no tongue to tell the story of physical and mental suffering he endured in view of the terrible death that awaited him, his spirit took its flight. As soon as it became known that he had not reached the settlement on the river, search was made, and the body found as above stated. He no doubt was the first white person that died within the present corporate limits of Lagrange. ORGANIZATION AND FIRST OFFICERS. On the ist day of March, 1832, James L. Bishop, a Justice of the Peace in and for the county of Penobscot, issued his warrant to Thomas H. Bates, requiring him, in the name of the State of Maine, to notify the inhabi- tants of Lagrange, qualified by the constitution to vote in town affairs, to assemble at the dwelling-house of Col- onel Thomas Chase, on Monday, the igth day of March, 1832, at II o'clock A. M., to choose all necessary town officers and to decide on some method of notifying town ' meetings hereafter. At this meeting the following-named gentlemen were chosen to the most important offices in the new-born town: Orin Fuller, Moderator; Thomas H. Bates, Town Clerk; Orin Fuller, James L. Bishop, John S. Rolph, Selectmen and Assessors ; Thomas H. Bates, Treasurer; Thomas Chase, Town Agent; Thomas H. Bates, Collector of Taxes. PROGRESS. Thus was the new town organized. Its rich and fer- tile lands began to attract the attention of agriculturists in other States, and in 1834 Stephen Danforth, John Kenney, Alonzo Hatch, and Allen Nason, from New Hampshire, became residents. Mr. Danforth settled upon Lot No. 49, west of the Bennock road, and kept a house of entertainment for many years. In 1838 Pliny B. Soule and Albert G. Hinds, from Livermore, pur- chased the " Gore" lot and the old saw-mill standing thereon, built a stone dam, repaired the old mill, and commenced the manufacture of long lumber in 1839. But the hard work, and the warfare with the flies and mosquitoes, proved too much for Mr. Hinds, and he re- turned to Livermore in 1840. In 1841 Mr. Soule put a shingle-machine into his mill, and began the manufacture of shingles. In January, 1844, the mill was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in the summer of 1844, and in the early autumn began the manufacture of long lumber and shingles. In January, 1849, this mill was destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1849 Messrs. Coburn and Mr. Bicknell, from Stetson, purchased the privilege of Mr. Soule, and built the present mill. Two small mills were built on Birch Stream for the manufacture of shingles, but both have been destroyed by fire. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. . On the 23d of August, 1841, the first chufch in this town was organized as a branch of the Free-will Baptist church of Bradford. Some years previous to this the Methodists had for a time what is called in their polity a 'class," but no church organization was entered into. March 28, 1843, the relation that had existed between the church in Bradford and the branch in Lagrange was dissolved, and a new church was organized as " the First Free-will Baptist church in Lagrange." This church is still maintained, but its pulpit is just now vacant. In 1879 the first meeting-house in the town was built by the society. In 1880 a second house of worship was erected and finished outside, but is not yet finished inside. A Methodist church was organized in Lagrange about two years since, and there is also an "Advent" society in town. LAGRANGE IN THE REBELLION. In suppressing the great Rebellion and maintaining the Nation's life, and the honorable and exalted position it had gained among the nations of the earth, the town bore a very honorable part. By the report of the Commis- sioners on the Equalization of the Municipal War Debts, the town was credited with fifty-three men, though at dif- ferent times during the Rebellion several more from La- grange entered the service, either as volunteers, drafted men, or substitutes. The amount of bounty paid to soldiers under the different calls of the President for men amounted in the aggregate to $11,425. There were raised by subscription and by the town in recruiting ex- penses $380, thus imposing a tax upon the inhabitants of $11,805. Henry A. Heal, of this town, was so unfortunate as to be taken prisoner, and was confined for several months in one of the Southern hells — called a "prison." The bones of several of her brave sons whiten on Southern plains or lie buried in Southern graves, while the mourn- ers still go about the streets. THE RAILROAD. In June, 1868, work commenced here on the Ban- gor & Piscataquis Railroad. The ground was broken in front of where the Lagrange Station now stands, the Hon. Hannibal Hamlin enjoying the high honor of cast- ing the first shovelfull of earth. The headquarters of the contractors, while building the road from Oldtown to Dover, were at the Dirigo House at Lagrange Corner. At a town meeting, called for the purpose of consider- ing the propriety of aiding in the building of this road, it was voted to take stock in it to the amount of $5,000, the money to be paid (and it was paid) when the .track was laid to the south line of the town. INDUSTRIES. The different trades are well represented here by one sleigh- and carriage-maker, three blacksmiths, and three house-builders. You can buy your dry goods and gro- ceries at five different stores, and your millinery and fancy goods at another. Messrs. Hathorn, Foss & Co., at their steam-mill on Birch Stream, do a large business in the manufacture of long lumber, lemon and orange boxes for the Sicily and Florida markets, vegetable crates for the West Indies, and cranberry boxes for Massa- chusetts. Thomas S. Heal & Son cut shingles and spool stock at their mill on Dead Stream. THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE has been well sustained, first by the Washingtonians, then by the Sons of Temperance, and at present by the Good Templars, who have a flourishing lodge composed 402 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. largely of young gentlemen and ladies, the pride of the present and the hope of the future. Composite Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Katahdin Grange No. 1 20, Patrons of Husbandry, are also associations in this town. STATISTICS. Lagrange had a population of 336 by the census of 1840, 482 in 1850, 690 in i860, 622 in 1870, and 721 in 1880. Its polls in i860 numbered 140; in 1870, 171; in 1880, 188. Estates for these several years, $95,835, $154,425, and $202,673. A GLIMPSE AHEAD. A prosperous and happy future awaits the tOAvn if great caution is exercised in the selection of officers to manage its financial affairs, ever remembering that sin is a re- proach to any people and that righteousness exalteth a town as well as a nation. PUBLIC SERVANTS. The following-named gentlemen have been elected Representatives to the State Legislature from the district of which Lagrange comprises a part : Stephen Danforth, the first elected, Whig, 1837; William Head, Democrat, 1845; William Banton, Abolitionist, 1854; re-elected 1858; Hazen W. Danforth, Republican, 1864; Pliny B. Soule, Republican, 1868; Jotham Moulton, Republi- can, 1874; George W. Jones, Greenbacker, 1878. The following are the town officers for 1881 : Jacob Bemis, J. R. Herrick, H. H. Ellington, Selectmen ; F. E. Freese, Town Clerk; E. Dantorth, Treasurer; H. H. Bilington, Collector; H. B. Dyer, W. A. Snell, Con- stables; Pliny B. Soule, William Banton (Quorum), Justices. Eugene Danforth is Postmaster at Lagrange, J. P. Stearns at South Lagrange. SKETCHES OF SETTLERS. Origen Fuller, of Lagrange, is a son of Orin Fuller, who came to Lagrange in 1823, when it was called Oxford Township. He was born in Livermore, Maine, in 1803, and married Mary Hobbs, who was born in December, 1806, and is still living. Mr. Fuller was one of the first two who made a permanent settlement in town. He was always a prominent man here, and generally held some local office. He was the first Postmaster in the town, being appointed in 1826, and held the office until 1830. He died November 17, 1869. The other surviv- ing members of his family are Samuel, of Bangor, Maine; John H., of San Francisco, California, and Michael, of Lagrange. Origen Fuller married Priscilla R. Henderson, November i, 1854. They have two children. May and Alice. Mr. Fuller is a house carpenter and farmer. John R. Herrick, of Lagrange, is a son of Ebenezer and Experience Herrick. Ebenezer Herrick was a son of Joseph Herrick. Ebenezer Herrick came to La- grange from Greene, Maine, in 1825, and settled on the place now owned by John R. He had four children, viz: Albion, deceased; Lyman, now in Milo, Maine; Maria Antoinette, wife of William B. Danforth, of La- grange, and John R., the youngest. John R. was born July 23, 1832, in Lagrange. He settled on the old homestead, where he has since lived. He married, Mary A. Rollins, daughter of William 0. Rollins, of Orneville, Maine. They have three children, viz : Omar, Celia J., and Gertrude M. Mr. Herrick has held the ofiSce of Selectman several times. R. J. McDuff, of Lagrange, is a son of Robert Mc- Duff, of Chester, New Hampshire, who came to La- grange in 1830. He married Ruth B. Emery, of Med- ford, Piscataquis county, Maine. They had five children viz: Mary J., Hannah A., Laura M., Robert J., and Hiram ; all are deceased except Laura M. and Robert J. The latter was born February 16, 1833, and has always lived in Lagrange, where he has followed the business of farming. He was in the army two years, being a member of the Second Cavalry, Maine. He has traveled quite extensively. He married Miss Melissa B. Emery, and has three children living, having lost two in infancy. Their names are Harry L , Laura M., and Cora E. Mr. McDuff lives one mile east of Lagrange village, where he has a good farm and a fine set of farm buildings. John Kenney, of Lagrange, who settled here in 1834, was born in Farinington, New Hampshire, May 20, 1805, He married Elizabeth B. Willey, who was born in New Durham, New Hampshire, November 3, 1809. They were married May 7, 1835. Mr. Kenney is the only member of his father's family now living. In 1854 his buildings were burned and a promising son, Harry, per- ished in the flames. Mr. Kenney has seven children liv- ing: Augusta A., Mary A., Hattie L., not married; the married are Mrs, N. E. Bemis, Mrs. A. S. Smith, C. F. Kenney, and Mrs. M. T. Hinkley. Mrs. Kenney died October 15, 1875. Pliny B. Soule, of Lagrange, is a son of Nathan and Nancy Soule {nee Nancy Howland). Nathan Soule was a son of Joshua Soule; he was born July 2, 1784, and married Nancy Howland, daughter of Elijah Howland, June 29th, 1806. Their family consisted of eleven chil- dren, viz: Ira W., deceased; Pliny B.; Fanny C, de- ceased; Sophronia, deceased; Francis A., Methodist minister at Sing Sing, New York; Nancy H., deceased; Nathan A., Methodist minister at Natick, Massachusetts; James H., Methodist minister at Rockford, Illinois; Mary J., wife of John R. Kenney, Lowell, Massachu- setts; Elijah H. and Joshua (twins), deceased. Nathan Soule was a brother of Bishop Soule, of the Methodist Episcopal church. Pliny B. Soule, the subject of this sketch, was born July 25, 1810, in Avon, Maine. He married Anna Carroll, a lineal descendant of Charles Carroll of Carrolton. She was born April 30, 1812. They were married February 13, 1839. Their family is as follows; Augustus C, living in Lagrange; Maria E. (Mrs. Joseph P. Rogers), of Bangor; Lewis W. deceased. Mr. Soule settled in Lagrange in 1838, after working out for some years. He cleared up the farm where he now lives, near the village. Mr. Soule has long been a promi- nent man in his town. He has held the following offices: Selectman, Clerk, Treasurer, Town Agent, Collector, Superintending School Committeeman, Justice of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 403 Peace and Quorum five times, or thirty years. Some of the above named offices he has held several times. ; Martin Snell, of Lagrange, is a son of Eleazer Snell, of New Hampshire, though he was a native of Massa- chusetts. Eleazer Snell married Polly Danforth. They had nine children, seven of whom are now living, viz : Mary, wife of Samuel Robinson, of Conway, New Hampshire; Eliza, now Mrs. Joseph Blethen, of Wiscon- sin; Emeline, of Springfield, Illinois; Ciarinda, wife of John Nickerson, of Tamworth, New Hampshire; Martin Willard, of New Hampshire; Alden, now of Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Snell always followed farming for a business. He died in 1866. Martin Snell moved to Maine when he was nineteen years old. He married Miss Clarissa While, daughter of Sewell White, of La- grange. They have three children: Mary, Roselen, and Willard. Mr. Snell has followed farming principally for a business, though he has worked some at the house carpenter's trade. He has held several of the town of- fices, and some of them for many years. Simon H. Kenney, of Lagrange, is a son of Elisa Kenney, who was born in Wiscasset, Maine, June 3, 1777. At the age of nine he went to Livermore, Maine, and moved into Lagrange in 1841. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Mary P. Hersey January 10, 1795. She died October 15, 1857. Mr. Kenney died April 29, 1872. The surviving members of his family are Samuel H.; Ira, now living in Iowa; Lysander, of Michigan; Costellow, now in Salem, New Hampshire; and Hermon N., of Manteno, Illinois. Simeon H. Kenney married Ruth Ann Libby, December 6, 1854. Thjeir children are Ella A. (deceased). May F., Myra E., and Ira B. Mr. Kenney is a farmer and has a good farm in Lagrange. He is and has been for a long time a Deacon in the Free Baptist church. During the Rebellion he enlisted, joining the Eleventh Maine Vol- unteers, and remained to the close of the war. Jacob Bemis, of Lagrange, was born July 17, 1S32, in Livermore, Maine. He is a son of Alexander and Lydia (Hillman) Bemis. Alexander Bemis w.ns born October 6, 1804; Lydia Hillman was born in Martlia's Vineyard December 3, 1804. Jacob Bemis and Nancy E. Bemis were married September 12, 1862. They have two children — Alice H., boin November 17, 1867, and Elizabeth B., born November 23, 1877. Mr. Bemis has been one of the Selectmen of Lagrange for several years, and Chairman for three years. He was a member of the Twent\'-second Maine Regiment, from September I, 1862, till August, 1S63, when he was mustered out at Bangor. He was in the siege of Port Hudson. Mr. Bemis is now engaged in farming. Cyrus C. Durgin was born in Exeter July 19, 1839. He is a son of Martin L. Durgin, who married Emily Cogswell. They had nine children who grew to maturity, of whom Cyrus is the oldest living. Mr. Durgin is a blacksmith by trade, and now lives in Milo. Mrs. Durgin died in 1880. Cyrus C. Dtirgin married Eveline H. Bates, daughter of Thomas H. Bates, of Lagrange. They have two children, viz : Willard C. and Sarah E. Mr. Durgin follows farming for a business. He has served on the Board of Selectmen. He was a member of Company B, Twentieth Maine Volunteers, and served three years. He was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness. He now livGS on the old Bates place. LEVANT. GEOGRAPHICAL. The present town of Levant was one of the regular thirty-six mile townships for many years, or until the formation of Kenduskeag in 1852, which, as already no- ticed, took about half its area from the soil of Levant. For the last thirty years, then, it has been among the smaller towns in the county, territorially regarded, but still among the more populous and important. It is only two and one-half miles from Bangor, as measured along the north line of Hermon. Levant is bounded on the north by Corinth, on the east by Kenduskeag and Glenburn ; on the south by Her- mon and Carmel ; and on the west by Stetson. It is a peculiarity of its situation that but one town, Exeter at the northwest, corners upon its corner ; but Kenduskeag has its southwest corner within the tract of Levant, as it were. That portion of this town which is left by the in- trusion of Kenduskeag, as a projection toward Glenburn, is about two and one-third miles long from north to south, and two and one-eighth miles wide. The south and west lines of the town are each six miles in length, and the north line about four miles long. Levant has no lake or pond, except the expansions cf the Little Kenduskeag Stream, the most important water of this town. It has its source in three brooks of one and one-half to two miles' length apiece, in the northwest pert of the town. After their junction it becomes a quite respectable stream, receives soon afterwards, a mile wett 404 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of West Levant post-office, a good-sized tributary running west from Stetson ; and between this point and Carmel, which it reaches after-a course of nearly five miles in Le- vant, it has four tributaries closely resembling each other, each heading in two branches, with two of them on the west side, and the other two on the east side of the Little Kenduskeag. The stream, after flowing through parts of Carmel and Hermon, reappears in Levant south of Kenduskeag town, and flows in a winding course nearly all directions, but making northeastward, till it joins the main Kenduskeag Stream, or Kenduskeag River, in Glen- burn, less than a mile east of Levant. In the central north part of the town rises the Eve- lith Brook, which flows westerly across the angle of Kenduskeag to the Kenduskeag River. About half a mile from the east line of Levant it receives the Stanley Brook, which rises in Levant, almost at the southwest corner of Kenduskeag, and flows northerly about three miles to the Lvelith, itself receiving a small affluent from the west shortly before the junction. In the south cen- tral part rises an affluent of the Little Kenduskeag, which flows about two miles, taking on the way a small tribu- tary from the northeast, and entering the Little Kendus- keag near the south line of the town. At its northern- most bend, in the "L" of Levant, the stream receives two more tiny brooks, one of them rising in Kendus- keag. Levant, as already suggested, is well settled in nearly all parts, and is remarkably well provided with highways. The "Avenue road," from Bangor to Exeter, describes almost a precise diagonal through the town, entering near the southeast corner, passing Levant and West Levant post-offices, and leaving the town east of the northwest corner, and about as near it as to the opposite corner where it came in. Its total length in this town is a little more than eight miles. It is the only road of its direc- tion in the town. At School No. 7, near the southwest corner of Kenduskeag, it crosses a northeast and south- west road from Kenduskeag post-office southwest and south by School No. i to Hermon. At Levant post- office it is crossed by another road having just at the village the same general direction as that just mentioned, but which runs around from the former at School No. 7, by a route north of the Little Kenduskeag, which it crosses at the village, and passes southwest and west by School No. 12 (where a branch runs south into Hermon), crossing beyond that the road from which it started, and ending at a north and south road near the south town line and the other course of the Little Kenduskeag. The latter road comes from the Carmel way, and joins the Avenue road three and a half miles north. Near the junction, at School No. 13, it starts off a branch west- ward across the Little Kenduskeag, just beyond which it joins a north and south road along the west bank of that stream four miles, from the east and west road through West Levant to the south town line. At the store one- half mile above School No. 8 a branch runs north of west into Stetson, and just below the school another runs east through a pretty dense settlement at first, to the Kenduskeag post-office road below School No. i. Just above School No. i an east road runs to the Avenue road just north of the Little Kenduskeag. From Levant village also run highways south into Hermon and east into Glenburn. North of the place a road starts for Kenduskeag post-office at School No. 4 and the cemetery, and a third of a mile out another leaves for Kenduskeag. Just east of the West Levant post- office a north road pushes straight out for Corinth crossed a mile and a half up by an east and west road from the Higginsville way. West of the post-office, with- in about half a mile of the town line, another road runs northward, to join a highway from Stetson at School No. 6. The east and west road through West Levant crosses the town entirely, and almost in a straight line. Nearly every part of Levant is quite well settled, the whole population in 1880 amounting to 1,076. Levant post-office (or Wing's Mills) is at the cross-roads in the southeast angle of the town, about a mile from the corner. It contains the Union Bethel meeting-house, School-house No. 11, and the usual public conveniences of a country village, with a mill or two. South Levant post-office (Weston's Mill) is four miles due west of Le- vant post-office, and on the other or western section of the Little Kenduskeag Stream. Here Mr. Ruel W. Wil- son, the postmaster, has a saw-mill; the Town Farm is just at the east end of the village; School No. 8 on the west side of the Stream; and there is a store or two. West Levant post-office (Roger's Stand) is in the north central part of the town, and about half-way across its narrower breadth. Here are School No. 5, a hotel, store, blacksmith shop, etc. The surface of Levant is somewhat uneven, but the soil is fertile, and produces abundantly. PIONEER SETTLEMENT. The original settlers of the tract occupied by Levant are understood to have been the brothers George and William Tibbetts, and two other persons named Boobar and Knowland; but the date or dates of their coming are not certainly ascertained. They were on the ground, however, sometime before 1800. Mr." William- son, the historian, says that the first settler in Levant was Joseph Clark, one of the refugees who fled with Colonel Jonathan Eddy from Nova Scotia after the unlucky affair at Fort Cumberland in September, 1776, and that Clark began to fell trees in Levant as early as 1789. In 1 80 1 came the celebrated pioneer Major Moses Hodsdon, from South Berwick, Massachusetts. He lo- cated upon the tract now occupied, in part, by Kendus- keag village, but which was for a long term of years a part of Levant. The next year this energetic and able man put up a saw- and grist-mill, three dwelling-houses, a store, and a blacksmith shop; and thus early made the beginning of what has become a prosperous settlement. Mr. Williamson says his was the twelfth building put up for residence in the town. These were the first frame buildings erected in this region, and, indeed, were the only ones of the kind then standing on this line between the vicinity of Bangor and the Kennebec River. Major (afterwards General) Hodsdon invested largely in landed HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 405 properties, and engaged in civil engineering and survey- ing over a very wide tract of this then new country. He became quite famous iti the Aroostook War and other- wise, as is elsewhere related. He was the first Postmaster in Levant. General Hodsdon's brother and other settlers, some of whom are named in our sketch of Kenduskeag town, fol- lowed him soon to the promised land near the Penobscot. Their coming gave an impetus to the infant settlement, and its early growth was somewhat rapid. ORGANIZATION. By 1813 the number of settlers gave warrant to the erection of this tract as a town. It had originally been a part of the large Kenduskeag Plantation; and when Bangor was carved out of that, February 25, 179 1, the name seems to have been passed westward, at least as soon as the population upon the present soil of Levant justified organization as a plantation. In 1792 the town- ship constituting the subsequent town was sold by Mas- sachusetts to William Wetmore. It existed as Kendus- keag Plantation until June 14, 1813, when it became one of only four towns incorporated that year in the District of Maine. It was in the midst of the last war with Great Britain, and it was not a great year for the erection of new municipalities. Levant was the one^hundred and ninety-eighth town created in the District. PROGRESS. The first bridge over the Kenduskeag River, above Bangor, was built at Kenduskeag village, long within the territory of Levant, in 1802. Kenduskeag Plantation "and adjacent places" had a population of 129 in 1800. In 1810, without "adjacent places," the plantation had 146. Ten years thereafter Levant town had 143; 747 in 1830 (a truly remarkable growth if correctly reported), 1,061 in 1840, 1,841 in 1850, 1,301 in i860 (after carving Kenduskeag from its territory in part), 1,159 ''i 1870, and 1,076 in 1880. The number of polls in the plantation in 181 2 was • 32, with estates valued for purposes of taxation at $825. In 1820 the polls in Levant were 29, estates $16,687; in i860, 273 and $184,851; 1870, 269 and $277,449; 1880, 279 and $282,149. BUSINESS. The Mt. Pleasant and Silver Mining Company, for op- erations in this town, was organized some years ago, with Mr. William P. Hubbard, of Bangor, as President, and Charles P. Wiggin, Treasurer. There are three lumbering establishments in the town, two carriage-makers, three smiths, one firm of painters, and five general stores — two each at Levant post-office and West Levant, and one at South Levant. There are also two^resident clergymen and one physician. ' THE ASSOCIATIONS in this town are the Crystal Lodge of Independent Order of Good Templars at South Levant, and the Levant Grange, No. 84, Patrons of Husbandry. THE TOWN OFFICERS for 1 88 1 were: John White, M. C. Mills, Gilbert Cain, Selectmen; G. W. Read, Town Clerk; Orrin T. Dore, Treasurer; Charles R. Turner, Collector and Constable; John White, Charles R. Turner, Constables; Silas White, L. S. McLaughlin, O. T. Dore, School Committee; Dan- iel Hall, G. W. Read, Hiram Church, Albert H. Waugh, O. T. Dore, Alphonsp Haskell (Quorum), T. H. Wiggin (Trial), Justices. Mr. Alphonso Haskell is Postmaster at Levant, Reed W. Wilson at South Levant, and Charles C. Simpson at West Levant. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Sevvall Stanley was born in Winthrop, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1799, where he remained until twenty- four years of age. He came to Penobscot county in 1823, and purchased the farm on which he now lives from parties in New Hampshire, and by paying cash in hand it cost him but two dollars per acre. His farm, when he purchased it, was a wilderness; but in pioneer style he went to work, cleared up the land, and by indus- try and economy has succeeded in securing for himself and family one of the finest farms .in the town of Levant, if not in the county. He was Secretary of the first re- ligious society of the town of Levant. This society first met at the house of Deacon Nathan Fisk, and they em- ployed the Rev. Royal W. Spaulding, who was ordained in a barn then owned by P. C. Clark. Mr. Stanley was also Secretary of the first temperance society ever organ- ized in this part of the county. This society was formed at Kenduskeag village, and they were hooted at by the outside public and dubbed " the long-heeled boys," and various other epithets. He was also first Secretary of the first county agricultural society formed in the county of Penobscot. He held the office of Justice for four- teen years, and frequently during his term of office was called upon by parties to go miles from any habitation to make out and acknowledge deeds. He has repeatedly held the office of Selectman of the town of Levant and Chairman of the Board for many years, and has always taken a deep interest in religious matters. He was for many years Superintendent of the Union Sabbath-school, and contributes liberally to the support of the gospel. He has always been an earnest temperance worker and was on one occasion defeated for Captain of a company of militia on a temperance issue. The tickets on the occasion were headed "Rum" and "No Rum," and the "No Rum" ticket was defeated. In agricultural matters he was always deeply interested, as his surroundings will amply prove. He followed school teaching for many years; was also Superintendent of Schools in his town for over twenty-five years, and always took an active part in educational matters. He is a self-educated and self- made man, and although now eighty-two years of age, can handle a gun and kill game equal to any young man. He has never taken any medicine from a physician. Dur- ing the days of anti-slavery he was foremost in the organ- zation of the Anti-slavery party in his State. He has always taken an active part in political matters; was a Whig until the organization of the Republican party, when he became a member of that party. He is a mem- ber of the Congregational church, and has filled all the ^c6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. offices in the church from time to time. He married Lucy Philbrook, a native of Winthrop, who died in Le- vant in 1866. He is the father of six children: Charles H., lives in Levant; Annie E., died in Levant; Mary J-, married J. B. Nickels, and lives in Levant. Three died in infancy. Colonel Harrison Waiigh was born in Reedfield in 1 8 II, where he received a common school education. He came to Penobscot county with his father in 1824. In 1841 he married Margaret Rittol, a native of Dres- den, and first se'.tled on the farm on which he now lives. He is one of the first settlers in South Levant, and is the only one of the first pinoeers Mving in the town. When eighteen years of age he was chosen Lieutenant of a company of militia in Levant, and was promoted to Captain, and from the rank of Captain to Lieutenant- Colonel of the Third Regiment, First Brigade, Third Division. He has held the office of Selectman of Le- vant four years, and Chairman of the Board one year. He always took an aciive part in- educational matters and was Chairman of the Board of Trustees for many years in Levant High School. He is a farmer, in which business he is now engaged, and is one of the most thoroughgoing farmers in his township. When he started out in life he had but little means, but by indus- try and economy has saved for himself and family a nice home. In politics he was originally a Jacksonian Dem- ocrat, but at the organization of the Republican party he became a Republican. He is the father of five children : Albert H., who married Emma R. Wiggin and lives at home; Rachel J., died at home; Cyrus A., died at home ; Nancy, died at home ; Annie E., married J. F. Beath, and lives in Kenduskeag. Albert H. was born in Levant in 1843, where he received a common school education ; he also attended the I^evant High School several terms and studied at the East Maine Conference Academy and Gould's Academy for several terms. He has followed school-teaching for the past eighteen years, and has taught forty terms of school within that time. He has been a member of the School Committee ten years, and has been a member of the Town Republican Committee for several years. In 1870 he married Em- ma R. Wiggin, a native of Brighton, Maine, and is the father of three children, Elbert II., Annie B., and Madge E. In 1864 he enlisted under Colonel James H. Jones, of the United States Marine Corps, and was stationed at the Kittery Navy Yard, where he remained thirteen months. Eli Weston was born in 1781 in Somerset county, Maine. He came to Penobscot counry in 1832, and settled on the farm now owned by Charles Reed in Le- vant. He married Louise Stewart in Somerset county. She died in Levant in 1834. He died in Levant in 1861. He was the father of ten children, four girls and six boys: Samuel S., Daniel F., Isabel, Louisa, Eli, Jr., Edwin, Josiah K., Ferdinand, Sarah E., Lydia C. Hon. Joseph K. Weston was born in Bloomfield, Somerset county, Maine, in 1816, where he received a common school education. In 1832 he came to Penobscot county with his father, where he engaged in lumbering and farming. In 1844 he married Lucy J. Wilson in Bingham. In 1880 he sold out his mill to R. W. Wilson and turned his attention exclusively to farming, in which business he is now engaged. He was engaged in the mercantile business in South Levant for over twenty- five years, where he held the office of Postmaster during that time. He then resigned in favor of R. W. Wilson, the present Postmaster. He has also held the office of Selectman for over six years, and was Chairman of the Board two j'ears. He was elected to represent his class in the State Legislature in 1872, and has always taken an active part in the cause of temperance. He has had five children: Howard W., Mattie B, Flavill, and two died in infancy. Hon. John White was born in Skowhegan in 183 1. He came to Penobscot when thirteen years of age and settled at Exeter, where he received a common school education ; he also attended the Corinth Academy for a short time. In 1854 he married Lovicy Tibbetts, a native of Exeter. He lived in Exeter until 1869; while there he held the office of Selectman three years and Collector of Takes eleven years. He came to Levant in 1869, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. He has held the office of Selectman of Levant for eight years and is Selectman of the town at the present time, and has been Chairman of the Board for the past seven years. In 1877, and again in 1880, he was elected to represent his class in the State Legislature — in 1877 qn the Republican ticket, and in 1880 on the Greenback ticket. He is the father of five children : Arey, Silas, May, Frank, and Sadie. Colonel Simon G. Jerrard was born in Plymouth, Maine, in 1828, where he received a common school education. He attended the Waterville Classical Institute two years and at the age of twenty engaged in the lumber business, at which he continued until the breaking out of the Re- bellion, when he organized the Twenty-second Maine Regiment at Camp Pope, in Bangor, in 1862, and joined the Nineteenth Army Corps, under General Banks, in Louisiana. He took part in the battles of Irish Bend and Port Hudson, and remained in the service until 1863, when he was mustered out with his regiment and returned to Levant, his present home, and engaged in farming. He has held the office of Selectman of Levant for fourteen years, and was chairman of the board the greater part of the time ; he has also held the office of County Commissioner three terms, twice by election and once by appointment, and was twice elected High Sheriff of the county, and at present is one of the direc- tors of the Maine State Fair. He takes a deep interest in agricultural matters and is one of the most extensive farmers in the county, where he has one of the best im- proved farms.. He married Samantha J. Crosby, of Plymouth, in 1854. Greenleaf P. Harvey was born in Glenburn in 1808. When six years of age he removed to Corinth with his parents, where he received a common school education. He was a millman by trade, in which business he has always engaged. He built several mills during his life m Penobscot and Aroostook counties. In 1846 he moved HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 407 to Kenduskeag, where he built the mill now owned by Mr. Lincoln, of Bangor. In 1870 he came to Levant and settled on the farm now owned by his son, H. D. Harvey. He married Abigail Dexter, a native of Apple- ton, Maine, and died in Levant in 1872. His wife sur- vives him. He was the father of fourteen children : Loann, who married Henry Stackpole, lives in Kendus- keag; Henry D., married twice ; his first wife was Susan Smith, who died; he then married Harriet J. Smith, and lives in Levant. Mary Ann, married Seymour Steele, lives in California; Frank, married Ellniinia Hodsdon, and lives in Kenduskeag ; Lydia A., married Herman Kendal, and lives in Levant ; Greenleaf, married Augusta Hodsdon, and lives in Kenduskeag ; Elonia E., married Stephen I. Thayer, and lives in California ; Harriet A., married H. J. Herrick, and lives in Levant ; Eliza E., married Lawrence McCuUy, and lives in the Sandwich Is- lands, where he fills the office of Supreme Judge; Flora J., married Lawson H. Smith, and lives in Levant ; Ora M., married Evylin Hodsdon, and lives in Kenduskeag; OriUa A., married John Mason, died in California; Orissa M., died in Kenduskeag ; Lelia G., married Edgar Hurd, and lives in Dakota Territory. Henry D. was born in Corinth in 1832. When thirteen years of age he went to Kenduskeag with his father, where he received a com- mon school education. He 'learned the trade of inill- man from his father, and has attended closely to the business and has worked In a mill every year for the past forty years. In 1867, in company with his brother Greenleaf and H. J. Herrick, they purchased the mill which they now run in Levant on the Little Kenduskeag, from Simon R. White, where they manufacture long and short lumber, staves, shingles, and laths, and in connec- tion with their mill they also manufacture cheese-boNes and stave machines. He has held the office of Select- man of Levant one year. In 1854 he married Susan Smith, a native of Maine, who died in Kenduskeag ; he then married Harriet J. Smith. He is the father of four children: Frank L., who died young; Nellie A., married William W. Corson, and lives in Levant ; Susie E., died in Levant ; Lawrence M., lives at home. George Waugh was born in Reedfield. He came to Penobscot county m 1825, and settled on the farm now owned by his sons Cyrus and Joseph. He was twice elected County Commissioner, and held the offices of Selectman and Town Treasurer. He married Nancy Turner, by whom he had six children — Elizabeth, Har- rison, George, Charles, Joseph, and Cyrus. Mr. Waugh died in 1847, and his wife in 1871. Cyrus Waugh was born in Reedfield in 1822, and came here with his father, where he received a good common school education. He has followed the vocation of a farmer all his life. He has served as Selectman and Town Treasurer, and in 1868 was elected by his class to the State Legirlature, where he served one year. In 1853 he married Cynthia Twombly, a native of New Hampshire, and has had six children— Annie C, deceased; Ellwin F.; Almyn C; Emma I., deceased; Victor E., and Winnie S., all living at home. James Budge was born in Bangor in 1777, and when scarcely more than a boy he entered upon the toilsome life of a sailor, which he followed for many years as cap- tain of a vessel engaged in the carrying trade from Boston to foreign ports. During the war of 181 2, when the British captured Bangor, he was accused of piloting their fleet up the river, but afterwards proved his innocence to the satisfaction of all. He married Nancy Nickels, a native of Boston, in 1803. His death occurred in Ban- gor in 1825, and that of his wife in Corinth in 1833. To them were born seven children — Sarah, Margaret, Ase- nus, John (drowned), Elizabeth, John (second), and Nancy. Hon. John B. Nickels was born in Bangor in 1820. In his native place he learned the trade of house carpen- ter, and in r840 moved to Corinth, where he pursued his calling until the breaking out of the war. While in Corinth he served as Town Clerk for many years. In 1859 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1861 helped organize Company H of the Fifteenth Maine In- fantry, receiving a commission as First Lieutenant. He took part in the battles of Mansfield, Louisiana, Pleasant Hill, Cane River, and Mansura Plains, and was taken prisoner at Alexandria, Louisiana, by the rebels under Dick Taylor, and sent to Shreveport, where he was im- prisoned six months before being exchanged. He was under General Butler at the capture of New Orleans. In 1863 he was promoted to a captaincy, and was mustered out of the service at Stevenson, Alabama, in March, 1865. At the close of the war he returned to Corinth, and two years later removed to Kenduskeag. In the latter place he remained eight years, since which he has been a resi- dent of Levant. While in Kenduskeag he was elected to the State Senate, in 1871-72. In 1844 he married Mnry J. Stanley, to whom has been born three children — Ellen, married John Dolliver, and lives in Kenduskeag; Harry L. is engaged in mining in California, and Esper A. lives at home. , Anson C. Jerrard was born in Plymouth in 1834. In 1859 he went to California and engaged in mining in company with Charles Crosby. After three years he re- turned to Ma'ne and sold his interest in the mine. He then went to Ai)p!eton, Wisconsin, and engaged in the manufacture of carriage materials, and after two years he returned to Pittsfield, Maine, and engaged in mercantile business. In 187 1 he purchased the farm on which he now lives, and engaged in the cultivation of fruit. In 1863 he entered the army as Second Lieutenant of Com- pany H, Twenty-second Maine Infantry, and after service was mustered out in 1864. He married Arabella Far- num in 1820, and has two -children — Charles H. and John. John C. Clement was born in Winterport in 1807, where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when he went to Lincoln. In 1843 he removed to Penobscot county and settled in Kenduskeag, on the farm now owned by Abner- F. Clement, where he manufactured the Clement horse hoe. He married Lucy Littlefield in 1829, and died in 1869; his wife survives him. They had a family of seven children: Eijmund, married Anna P. Towle, and lives in Levant; Charles L., married Mary 4o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. Davis, and after her death he married Emma Garland ; George M., married Ellen Bartlett and lives in Corinth; John, married Susan Off, and died in 1868; Daniel, died in the war of the Rebellion ; Albert, married Ella Shep- herd, and died in 1873; Abner F., married Melissa Towle, and after her death was again married, to Dora Averill. Edmund was born in Levant in 1833, and has been dealing largely in Poland China hogs and Hereford cattle. His first wife, Anna P. Towle, died in 1869, leaving five children. He afterward married Anna T. Fogg, by whom he has had four children: Lizzie E., who died in infancy; Dudley E.; Anna C; and Ruel F. Captain Elijah Clement was born in Waldo county in 1 81 8. After he became of age he worked at the cooper trade in Bangor for ten years; he then purchased a vessel and followed the sea for some- nine years, since which he has been engaged in farming. He has served as Select- man of Levant three years; was Chairman of the Board in Glenburn one year, and was a member of the City Council in Bangor one year. In 1841 he married Ange- line Dean, who bore him three children and died in 1847. In 1849 he married Eliza K. Dean, who is the mother of seven children: Josephine, who died in Bangor ; Geor- giana D., also died in Bangor; Elijah E., married Emma Cunningham, and was lost with his vessel and crew at sea in 1876; Abbie A, married Edwin O. Wilkinson, and lives in Revere, Massachusetts; Olin L., lives in Mon- tana; Halowell F., is engaged in the practice of the law in Montana ; Webster B., lives in Biddeford, engaged at dentistry ; Nellie E., lives at home ; Freddie G, lives in Pittsburg ; Willie, died at home. Nathaniel Dore was born in Shapleigh, Maine. When a young man he married Mary P. Smith, in Harmony, Somerset county, and raised a large family. He came to Penobscot county about 1850, and settled in Garland where he died. His family consisted of twelve children: TrueW., Mason, Dudley, Searls, Sarah, Nancy, Mary P, Hannah, Elkins, Isaiah, Calvin, and Eliza. Searls Dore was born in Harmony in 1811. In 1844 he settled in Stetson, on the farm now owned by Aaron Fitz. While there he was one of the Selectmen one term. In 1869 he sold his farm and purchased the place he now occu- pies in Levant. In 1838 he married Lucinda Kurd and has seven children: Helen F., married James Emmer- son and lives in Hermon; Sarah M., married James Wiggins; Alvah C, is in Oregon; Orrin T., married Norah Libby; Royal H., died; Royal H. (second), died' and Ellen, died in infancy. Rev. Ira H. Brown was born in Palermo, Maine, in 181 8, where he received a common school education. He was ordained a minister in Somerville, December 20, 1848, and first had charge of the Baptist church at Thomaston. He made several changes during the next fifteen years, and 1865 found him settled on the farm he now ocupies in Levant. He preached in- a neighboring school-house four years, when a church was organized and a house of worship built. In July, 1869, he married Belsorah Turner, a native of Palermo. Orrin T. Dore was born in Stetson in 1855. When 14 years of age he came to Levant with his father and attended the common schools, also the High School at Hampden. In 1874 he went to Oregon and engaged in mining and stock-raising, and in 1878 returned to Le- vant, where he engaged in the mercantile business. He has had the office of Treasurer of Levant for two years, and is also a member of the school board and a Justice of the Peace. In 1878 he married Norah Libby, by whom he has one child, Thes. LINCOLN. Lincoln is by far the largest town in Penobscot county, comprising about fifty-seven thousund acres. Its front on the Penobscot is ten miles; its northeast line four miles long; its east boundary five and three-fourths; south, seven and one-half; and southwest, a little less than five miles. Its greatest length, from the west corner on the river, is eleven miles; greatest breadth, from the north cor- ner, likewise on the river, to the south line, eight and one- half miles. It is bounded on the northwest by the Penob- scot, beyond which are Mattamiscontis and Chester; on the northeast by Winn; on the east by Lee; on the south by Lowell and Burlington; and on the southwest by En- field. The large, unorganized Township No. 2 corners on the Penobscot, a mile and a half northwest of Lincoln village ; and Township No. 3 comes up to the southeast corner, where Lee and Burlington also meet. The town, from its southwest corner in the Little Cold Stream Pond, is thirty miles from the nearest point of Bangor. By its size, its natural advantages, and the construction of the European & North American Railway the whole length of its river-front, Lincoln may be regarded as very favorably situated, and it has already a considerable population. In that part of the Penobscot which flows past Lm- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 409 coin are ten or twelve islands of the Indian reservation. Among the larger of these are Hersey and Nathan Islands at the northeastward; Mattanawcook, opposite the outlet of Mattanawcook Pond; and Mahockanock, at the so'uthwestward, shortly before the river leaves the town. The waters of Lincoln are numerous and important. We have mentioned Little Cold Stream Pond, in which the town has its southwest corner. It is a good-sized sheet, about a mile each in length and breadth, with the tiny Birch Island in the north part; but is little more than a headwater to the greatly larger Cold Stream Pond, which has been described in our account of Enfield. East of Little Cold Stream are three other ponds in this chain of lakes. The nearest of these takes the designa- tion Cold Stream, but is much smaller than its big name- sake in Enfield. It is, however, nearly a mile and a half in extreme length, but nowhere more than a third of a mile in breadth. The next lake east — a third Cold Stream Pond, singular to say — is shorter, only about a mile long, but wider (two-thirds of a mile), and has about the same superficial area. A little northeast of this is the first of the chain — the Little Round Pond, which is rather an ellipse than a circle, half a mile in its diameter north and south, and one-third of a mile on its shorter diameter. It is wholly in Lincoln, while the nearest Cold Stream Pond dips down into Burlington. These four lakes are connected by short and generally narrow outlets. North of Little Cold Stream is a small lake, connected with it by a similar short outlet. One-third of a mile west of Little Round is the first of another series of lakes, whose waters do not find their way to the Passadumkeag, as do the others, but directly to the Penobscot. The Upper Pond, receiving a small headwater from Burling- ton, begins nearly half a mile from the north line of that town, and stretches one and a half miles to the northwest, with an average breadth of little more than half a mile. An outlet of half a mile's length connects it with Folsom Pond, a smaller sheet, being less than a mile long and about a third of a mile broad. Into its mile-long outlet, a little less than half-way out, come the waters of Crooked Pond, a lake of about the same area as Folsom, but somewhat differently shaped, and lying in the same direction as that and the Upper Pond. It is situated less than half a mile from the outlet. Matta- nawcook Pond, which receives the flow of all the others, leans more to the westward than its fellows. It is one and one-fourth miles long, and a little more than half a mile in greatest breadth, though its average width is hardly more than one-third of a mile. At one of the ends of the line of greatest breadth, a little bay on the north shore, comes in the Dead Stream, which heads in two branches in the central eastern part of the town, ^ and flows west about three miles to the Pond. Nearly south from it, on the other shore, is the mouth of Rocky Brook, which also has two heads, both rising within half a mile of the Cold Stream chain. The Mattanawcook Pond debouches through Lincoln village in a broad out- let of a mile long to the Penobscot. Three miles northeast of the Upper Pond still another beautiful series of lakes begins. Caribou Pond is the first, lying northeast and southwest, in size about one mile, by one half-mile. At a bay on the north is the out- let of Egg Pond, a water of perhaps a mile's length, in outline bearing some resemblance to a very badly battered egg. Long Pond connects closely with Caribou. It lies from southeast to northwest, and has a length of a trifle over two miles and an average width of perhaps one- third of a mile. Just beyond its foot is a tiny lake, and then, by a short outlet, Camedlasse Pond is reached. This lies mostly east and west, and is shaped somewhat like a ham, with the narrow part very much bent. The length of this water is a little more than a mile, and its extreme width, which is on the east shore, two-thirds of a mile. Nearly a mile's length of the Combolass Stream connects with the middle member of a chain of three small ponds, of which the easternmost is Centre Pond, lying from east to west, three-fourths of a mile long and rather narrow. An outlet of a third of a mile takes its waters to the middle sheet, which has about the same area, but lies rather in triangular shape. For half a mile below, the Combolass Stream carries the flow of all the ponds into a still smaller lake, and thence by a short out- let across the river road and railroad to the Penobscot. Above this mouth the river seems to have no tributaries from Lincoln; but below the Mattanawcook it has four, all of them small. In the southeast angle and the cen- tral eastern part of the town are the four head-streams of Mattakeunk Pond, in Lee, which unite in Lincoln a short distance from the town line, and flow a mile or more in one stream to the pond. The principalclusters of the eighteen hundred people, more or less, which Lincoln contains, are about Lincoln village ; Lincoln Centre, one and one half miles north of the village; East Lincoln, which also has a post-office, about the middle of the east town line, on the stage- route to Topsfield; the settlement on the road next south of this; and the settlement along the river-road in the west corner of the town, where are School No. 6 and a cemetery. The whole river-road, about ten miles of which lie in this town, is quite well settled. From Lin- coln village another road runs southwestward into En- field, upon which are School No. 4 and many residences. A mile out, a road diverges to the southeast, crossing near School No. 5 a neighborhood road, which has a branch crossing between Cold Stream and Little Cold Stream Ponds into Lowell, — and runs between the two small Cold Stream Ponds out into Burlington, The Topsfield and Lincoln stage route forks nearly two miles east of the village, the branches going respectively to Lincoln and Lincoln Centre. Two miles after entering the town it has a branch running south and southeast past School No. 1 1 into Lee, where it finally rejoins the stage-road at Lee post-office. Between Lincoln Centre and the north corner of the town the river highway sends off four neigh- borhood roads to the southeast, one of which, passing between Long and Camedlasse Ponds, is three miles in length, and is joined by another of the roads, crossing at the foot of Camedlasse, near the foot of Long Pond. Lincoln village is a flourishing place, with an extensive 410 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. tannery and other manufactures. It has a railway sta- tion, with side-tracks to the tannery and the saw-mill; a Congregational church, with the school-house on the same lot, and the Mattanawcook Academy building in the vicinity; a Methodist Episcopal church, a cemetery, and a trotting park west of the town, and a considerable business quarter within it. Lincoln Centre has also a railway station, with a Baptist church. School No. 2, and a fair complement of mills, stores, and shops. The rail- road also makes a station four and one-third miles below Lincoln village, opposite the settlement near School No. 6, and calls it South Lincoln, which has yet no post- office. About a mile and a half north of east from Lincoln Centre, and south of Camedlasse Pond, is the Town Farm. East Lincoln post-office, as before noted, is on the stage-road to Lee and beyond, and accommodates the dense settlement east of School No. 8, and that on the road next south. The town abounds in mills and other manufacturing enterprises, and must have a pros- perous future. The surface of Lincoln is broken, and the soil back from the rivers is apt to be rocky and hard to cultivate. Near the Penobscot the soil is freer from stone and less stubborn to the cultivator. A heavy growth of pine tim- ber formerly covered this tract, most of which has been cleared. Part of this extensive town was purchased from the State at an early day by Governor Lincoln, of Portland, and others ; the rest was mostly sold in lots to actual set- tlers. The first of these came in about the year 1825. Among them and early subsequent comers were Messrs. Israel Heald, John Carpenter, Alfred Gates, Benjamin Hammond, Stephen Chase, Humphrey Merrill, Ira Fiske, and several others. Most of the settlers upon the Lm- coln Purchase came from Oxford county, in this State ; those on other tracts were largely from New Hampshire. The early date after settlement at which the town was incorporated, as well as tradition, indicates that the set- tlements rapidly increased. The new-comers were intel- ligent and enterprising; improvements were promptly un- dertaken, and the waters of the Mattanawcook were soon, turning the wheels of industry, at the point where the lower village now stands. It is, as before intimated, a fine lumbering tract, with abundant streams for driving, and very ready access to the Penobscot. By and by came the construction of the fine military road to Houl- ton, along the east bank of the river, which gave further impetus to growth. Within a very few years after the forest was first broken by permanent settlers upon the territory, its people were ready for the incorporation of a full-fledged town. Ac- cordingly, on the 30th of January, 1829, the proper re- solve was passed by legislative authority, and the new municipality was given the name of Lincoln, in compli- ment to the Governor, one of the original proprietors Its growth was probably unparalleled by that of any town in the county, for its earliest years. Lincoln, indeed, was already a flourishing town at the period of its formation, having then well toward one thousand inhabitants. It had 1,12,1 people in 1840 1,356 in 1850, 1,631 in i860, 1,530 in 1870, and 1,6)59 in 1880. The increase during the disastrous decade 1870-80, when so many towns in this county and State fell off sadly, is specially noticeable. The valuations in i860 in this town were: Polls, 344' estates, $290,455. In 1870: Polls, 389; estates, $343,. 177. In 1880: Polls, 449; estates, $365;2g5. The Congregational church in Lincoln was organized August 3, 1 83 1. It worshipped in unconsecrated build- ings until 1840, when a meeting-house was erected for it at the village. The Methodists have also a society and church edifice. There is likewise a Calvinistic Baptist organization in the town. The other societies in Lincoln include the Penobscot Valley Lodge Independent Order of Good Templars, at Lincoln Station; the Starbird Lodge Independent Order of Good Templars, at Lincoln Centre; the Mattanaw- cook Grange No. 199, Patrons of Husbandry; and the Horeb Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. The busmess interests of this town are very large. There are two hotels — the Lincoln House, at the village; and the Penobscot House, at Lincoln Centre. The Matta- nawcook Mill Company turns out large quantities of lum- ber and the spool-stock of the famous Clark Thread Company. Other industries include one grist-mill and one saw-mill, with a grocery store, three dry-goods and grocery stores, two milliners and dressmakers, two har- ness-makers, and one smith at Lincoln Centre; one spool- . maker and one tailor at South Lincoln ; and one maker of furniture, coffins, and caskets, one of coffins and caskets, one firm of tanners, one of granite and marble workers, one wheelwright, three painters, four smiths, two masons, two barbers, five dry-goods and grocery stores, three dealers in millmery and fancy goods, one dealer in jewelry, organs, and picture frames,, one in confectionery and fruits, one in hardware aijd stoves, one in groceries, one in notions, one drug-store, and one meat-market elsewhere, mostly at Lincoln village. There are also four resident physicians, two lawyers, and one pension notary. The officers of the town for 1881 were; Header P, Pinkham, Charles A. Brown, Cyrus Coffin, Selectmen; Gideon Stetson, Town Clerk ; E. T. Fuller, Treasurer ; Odell T. Fellows, School Supervisor; John Estes, G. S. Kneeland, A. P. Whittier, Fred A. Edwards; Center, John P. Hanning, Constables; W. C. Clark, A. W. Weatherbee, James Babcock, Charles Fuller, Alfred 0. IngersoU, Harrison Piper, F. D. Scam man, John ?. Han- ning (Quorum), John Frost, Eben B, Pike, John Estes (Trial); W. R. Ayer (Dedimus), Justices. The Postmaster at the Lincoln office is Harrison Piper; at Lincoln Centre, Horatio Gates; at East Lin- coln, Mrs. A. Ludden. The following notices of the most" noted soldiers from this town in the late war are extracted from the Adjutant- General's reports: Captain Osco A. Ellis, of Lincoln, was mustered into the service October 19, 1861, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant, Company E, First Regiment Cavalry. He was afterwards promoted to First Lieu- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 411 tenant, and then to Captain. He was killed in action at St. Mary's church, June 24, 1864, whilst heading his men, who were fighting on foot. He was buried one mile west of Charles City Court House, near Wilcox's Landing, James River, Virginia. The deceased was a lawyer by profession, and a young man of fine talents and irreproachable character. BowDoiN College Roll of Honor. — Prince A. Gatchel, born in Lincoln, August, 1841 ; did not complete his college course ; was mustered into service August, 1862, First Maine Heavy Artillery ; Sergeant on recruit- ing service in Maine; Second Lieutenant; First Lieu- tenant and Captain. OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. One of the oldest settlers of Lincoln is Mr. Aaron W. Huntress. He is a son of William and Betsey Huntress, of Berwick, Maine. William and Betsey Huntress had nine children — Caleb; Rhoda, who is ninety years old and lives in Waterboro, Maine ; Robert, Rebecca, Aaron W., Hosea, James, Betsey, and Tyreann. Hosea, James, Rhoda, and Betsey are living, besides Aaron, the subject of this sketch. Aaron Huntress was born June II, 1798, and is therefore now eighty-thiee years old. He was born in Waterboro, York county, Maine. After becoming of age he first settled in Harrison as a brick- maker. Here he Hved about ten years, following that business most of the time summers and teaching school winters. He moved from Harrison to Parkman about 1824, and engaged in farming and mason business till about 1827, when he moved to Lincoln, then called Mattanawcook, where he has always since lived When he came here there wag not an acre of cleared land where the village now stands. There was a mill and two small houses. He engaged in brick man- ufacture and mason work, which he has since followed principally. In 1822 he married Jemima Sampson, daughter of James and Jemima Sampson. They have had ten children — Jemima, now Mrs. S. H. L. Whittier, of Fredericton, New Brunswick; William, deceased; Alice, now living with her parents at Lincoln ; Milton H., now in Colorado; Warren, now in Minneapolis, Minnesota; James S., now in California; Adaline, wife of Timothy Heald, of this town; Charles, deceased; Laura, wife of J. W. Bradbury, of Burlington, Maine, and Hannah, now at home. Mr. Huntress has long been one of the most prominent men in this town. He has been so highly esteemed for his integrity and busi- ness ability that he has been given every elective town office in the gift of his townsmen, and was sent as a Representative to the Legislature in 1869. He con- tinued to hold positions of trust and important offices in town until within a very few years. He is now pass- ing his old age among those whom he has seen grow up about him, honored and esteemed by all. He has a pleasant home in Lincoln, and still retains his faculties to a remarkable degree. Solon Gates, who now lives in Lincoln Centre, in this county, is a son of Alfred and Marcia Gates. His father, Alfred Gates, married Marcia House, daughter of Moses House. Alfred Gates's father was Stephen Gates, of Rutland, Massachusetts. Alfred and Marcia Gates came to Lincoln Centre in January, 1824. He was the first man to fell trees at Lincoln Centre, and made the first clearing at the brook called by the Indians Curaalalasse. Here he built a log house and reared his family. Their nearest market was Oldtown. He brought with him a hand-mill, in which he ground corn and sometimes wh#at for bread. To this couple were born eight children, four of whom are living. His log house was burned, and two of his daughters perished in the flames, aged about seven and eleven years. Those now living are Solon, Galen, and Homer, (the last two named live at Carroll, Maine,) and Harriet, now Mrs. Butterfield, of Springfield. Solon Gates was born April 27, 1804. He spent his boyhood on the farm, and has lived here most of the time since. Alfred Gates died here in 1846, and Mrs. Gates in 1859. Solon Gates married Betsey A. Chase for his first wife. She died in 1871, and Mr. Gates married for his second wife Miss Frances A. Chesley, daughter of David and Mary Chesley, of this town, but formerly of Paris^ Oxford county. Mr. Gates has six children by his first wife — Horatio, of this town ; Ruth, wife of B. Webber; Augusta, now Mrs. A. Lindsey, of Carroll; Alfred, now in Chelsea, Massachusetts; S. Decatur, of this town; Edwin S., also in Lincoln. One of the earliest settlers of Lincoln was Jeremy Nelson, who came here in 1.824, from Waterford, Maine. When he came, there were but few families in town. He settled where his son Chester now lives. He married Deborah Wheeler, of Greene, Maine. They had twelve children, of whom eleven grew to manhood and woman- hood : Eunice, wife of Jonathan Shepley, of Dexter; Horatio, now in Lee; Rosina, in Lawrence, Massachu- setts; Aaron, deceased; Luther, deceased; Orinda, wife of Augustus Turner, of Lawrence, Massachusetts; Chester, of Lincoln; Mehitabel; Sarah, wife of Amasa P. Libbey ; Deborah, deceased, and Jere, deceased. Mr. Nelson was prominent in town office during his life. He died August 9, 1881. At the time of his death Mr. Nelson was preparing a history of Lincoln. Chester Nelson was born April 21, 1843. He married Ellen Perry, daughter of Temple Perry, of Sherman, Maine, and resides on the old homestead, where his father spent the greater part of his life. The first preacher in the town of Lincoln was Ste- phen Chase, who came here from Woodstock, Oxford county, in 1825. He was born in Newberry, Massachu- setts, January 19, 1772. He married Ruth Tyler, born March 12, 1778. He organized the first Calvinist Bap- tist church in this town, and preached to this society as long as he was able to preach. Stephen and Ruth Chase had eleven children — seven sons and four daughters. Oi this family Cyrus H. is the third son and sixth child. Stephen Chase died July 14, 1843. Before coming here he was prominent in town offices, but on coming here he refused to hold any office. Mr. Chase represented his district the year after Maine became a State, in the first Legislature of the State as such. Of his large family only five are now living, viz: Ruth, widow of Simon 412 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Fickett, of West Paris, Maine ; Peter M., now in Min- nesota; Cyrus Hamlin; Noah C, of this town; Abner B., now of Norway, Maine. Cyrus Hamlin Chase was born November 30, 1810, in Woodstock, Maine. He spent his boyhood on the farm, and on becoming of age bought a part of his father's purchase, and settled where he now lives. He married Harriet Bailey, daughter of David Bailey, of Bangor. They have three children liv- ing, having lost one in infancy. Their names are Free- man H., now practicing medicine in Orland, Maine; Stephen M., now of Winn, Maine; Lorenzo C, of Lin- coln Centre. Mr. Chase has always followed the busi- ness of farming. He assisted his father in making the first clearing in Lincoln Centre in September, 1825. Joseph Hammond, who came to Lincoln in 1828, is a son of Joseph Hammond, of Paris, Oxford county, Maine. His mother's name was Lydia Parsons before her marriage. Joseph and Lydia Hammond had sixteen children, of whom Joseph was the oldest son and fifth child. He was born September 29, 1802, in the town of Paris. He first settled for a few years in Milton Acad- emy Grant, but came here in 1828. When he came here, there were no roads. There was a saw-mill and a kind of grisl-mill at Lincoln, called Fish's Mills. He soon settled where he now lives, which has been his home fifty-three years. He married Lydia F. Cushman, daughter of Bartholomew and Lydia Cushman, of Paris. To this couple were born seven children — four sons and three daughters, viz: George, Ira, Andrew, B. C. Cush- man, Marion Wallace, Sarah, and Lydia E, Mr. and Mrs. Hammond live on the old homestead, cared for in their old age by their son Ira. During his younger days Mr. Hammond took active part in town affairs. He collected the first tax that was levied in the town. William B. Pinkham, of Lincoln, is a son of James and Polly Pinkham. Mrs. Pinkham's maiden name was Bly. James Pinkham came here from Starks or Industry, in Somerset county, Maine. His father, Samuel Pink- ham, came from New Hampshire. James and Polly Pinkham had eleven children, all of whom lived to ma- turity. Their names were : Eliza, deceased wife of R. Jones, formerly of Lincoln, who was murdered by the Indians in the Indian massacre in Minnesota; Emily and Emeline (twins), both deceased; Samuel, deceased; James, of Lincoln; William B.; Sarah, wife of Mr. Ben- jamin Rounds, of this town; Rufus D., now in California; Lois, deceased; Winborn, of this town; and Meader B. Mr. and Mrs. Pinkham died here many years since. William B. Pinkham was born March 23, 1862, in Indus- try. He married Augusta. E. Brock, who died about 1863, and Mr. Pinkham married for his second wife Mrs. Mary E. Ordway. By his first wife Mr. Pinkham has five children—EliH., of this town; Asa M., now of Provi- dence, Rhode Island; Ira E., now in the store in Lin- coln; Howard F., on the farm; WiUard C, of Providence, Rhode Island. By his second wife Mr. Pinkham has five children— Augusta K, Leslie F., Ella, Bertha, and Alma. Meader B. Pinkham is a son of James and Polly Pink- ham. He was born February 9, 1837, in Lincoln. After finishing his common school education he engaged in mercantile business. He began business here when twenty-one years of age, and has continued here ever since, evidently believing in the old adage that a rolling stone gathers no moss. Mr. Pinkham married Lucy A. Brock, daughter of Otis Brock, of Portland, Maine. They have had two children — Cora A., and Etta E. * Mrs Pinkham died February 26, 1873. Mr. Pinkham has served as Selectman of this town for thirteen years. He was postmaster here nine years. Benjamin Hammond, father of Edwin B. Hammond settled in Lincoln in 1825. He was born September 10 1778, in Paris, Maine, and married Ruth Hersey, who was born January 17, 1795, and died November 9, 1880, The surviving children are Augustus F., of Aroostook • Maria C, now Mrs. Stinchfield, of Michigan ; Aleathea P., now Mrs. Herseyj of Lincoln; and Edwin B. Mr. Hammond was an industrious farmer. He raised six hundred bushels of shelled, corn from twelve acres of burnt land, in 1826. He died in Lincoln in 1870. Ed- win B. Hammond married Julia Lindsey, March 5, 1863. They have two children — Mae and Cora, born June 4, 1866, and May 17, 1873. Mr. Hammond served in the army two years. He is now a farmer. Levi Whitham, of Lincoln, is a son of Mehitabel Whit- ham. He was raised by a Mr. Benjamin Rackliff, of Thorndike. When he became of age he came to Lincoln and worked on the Military Road that was then being built through this town. He came here on horseback, as there was no road. After that he worked in Houlton three years. He settled in Lincoln in 1834, when twenty- one years of age, and worked in the saw-mill here on the Cumulassie. He has since lived here and worked at farming and sawing lumber in the mill here. He mar- ried for his first wife Sarah Haley. She died, and Mr. Whitham married for his second wife Ruth A. Delano. Mr. Whitham had one son by his first wife, who died in the army, Adelbert by name. By his present wife Mr. Whitham has one daughter, Anna R., wife of Hezekiah Silver, of Lincoln. Hon. Timotliy Fuller, of Lincoln, was born August 10, 1806. He is a son of David and Sarah Fuller, of Dover, Massachusetts. David Fuller was a son of David Fuller, Sr. David and Sarah Fuller had ten children, all of whom grew to maturity, viz : Moses, Spencer, Clarissa, Maria, Daniel, David, Sally, Elizabeth (of California), Timothy, and Julia, all of whom, except Elizabeth and Timothy, are deceased. Mr. Fuller died in 1824, and Mrs. Fuller some twenty years later. Timothy Fuller spent his minority on the farm, where he lived until of age, when he bought a farm in Dedham, where he lived about three years. He came from there to Lincoln in 1836 and settled in the village, then a small town, and engaged in the mercantile and lumber business, in which he continued until 1871, when he retired to a farm. Mr. Fuller married Deborah E. Baker, daughter of John and Betsey Baker, of Dedham, Massachusetts. They have five children living, having lost one. The names of the living are: Horace B., of Newtonville, Massachusetts; Charles, doctor in this town ; George, now in Lincoln HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 413 with his father; Francis H., of New York; Edward T., with his father in Lincoln. Mr. Fuller has served as Postmaster in this town eight years, and as Town Treas- urer for many years. He was elected to the Senate of this State in 1869, and represented his district in 1870 and 1871. Nathaniel Fellows, of Lincoln, is a son of Moses and Libbie Fell )ws. . His mother's maiden name was Bas- sett. His father was a native of Kingston, New Hamp- shire, and his mother was from Massachusetts. They came from Kingston, New Hampshire, to Kennebec county, Maine, in 1794, and from there here about 1836, and settled where Nathaniel now resides in Lincoln. They had seven children, three sons and four daughters, six of whom grew to mature years, viz: James B., Nathaniel; Lewis, deceased; Nancy, also deceased; Sophia B., widow of Abel B. Wetherbee, of Chelsea, Massachusetts; Caroline T, widow of the late Stephen P. Hewes. Nathaniel, the second son of this family, was born September 30, 1807. He spent his early life on the farm in New Hampshire. On becoming of age he came to this town and settled in 1832, four years before his parents came. He married Sarah P. Hatch, daugh- ter of Sylvanus Hatch, of Chester, Maine. They have had four children, one dying in infancy, viz: Dana W., of Portland, a dentist; Percy L, now engineer on the Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad; Odel T, with his father on the farm, and Ida M., died in infancy. Mr. Fellows now resides with his father on the^ farm which he cleared up. Timothy Heald, of Lincoln, is a son of Benjamin and Axa Heald, of Sumner, Oxford county. Maine. Benja- min Heald's father, whose name was also Benjamin, was one of the proprietors of the town of Sumner, and one of the first settlers. Axa Heald {nee Axa Hall), was a daughter of Captain Hall, of Croydon, New Hampshire. They had thirteen children, of whom eleven lived to grow to man and womanhood. Of this large family Timothy is the second son and third child. He spent his minority on the farm, and on becoming of age went to Illinois in 1838, and engaged in teaching. He re- mained there three years, when he returned to Maine, at- tended school at Buckfield, and taught in Auburn. The next year he came to Lincoln and engaged with Goddard & Jenkins, of Bangor, in the lumber business. He re- mained with them three years or more, when he spent one year exploring timber lands for the State. In 1852 he went to California and engaged in mining. He went from there to Puget Sound, remaining nearly three years in the employ of the Puget Mill Company, where he lost his hand. While here he was a member of the Territorial Legislature, from Jefferson county. During the summer of 1856 he returned to Maine and engaged in Lincoln in farming, lumbering, and mercantile and mill business, in which he has ever since continued. He married Addie E. Huntress, daughter of Aaron Huntress, of Lincoln. They have three children: Gemma. L., Benjie H., and Clara G. Frederick E. Nute is a son of Israel and Hannah Nute. Israel Nute was a native of Milton, New Hamp- shire, and Mrs. Nute (nee Fish) was born in Wakefield, New Hampshire. They had six children, four sons and two daughters, viz : John F., now of Franklinville, New Jersey; Frederick E.; Deborah, deceased wife of Aj^ Bither, formerly of Lincoln ; George H., now in Pennsylvania; Hannah A., wife of Milton Hunt- ress, now of Michigan ; Charles W,, died in the army. I. Nute died in 1835 at' Milton, New Hamp- shire, apd Mrs. Nute died in Saginaw in 1876. Fred- erick E. Nute was born June 24, 1821, in Milton, New Hampshire, and spent his boyhood on the farm. On be- coming of age he engaged in the business of house car- penter, having learned the trade during his minority. At the age of seventeen, and before he learned his trade, he came to Lincoln. He followed this business until the fall of 1850, when he went to California, where he re- mained until 1855, engaged in mining and ranching. In 185s he came back to Lincoln, where he has since lived. He followed his trade three years, when he went into the mercantile business with his brother John, in which he continued until 1878, though not with his brother, when he went to farming, in which he is now engaged. He married for his first wife Eunice Heald, by whom he has four children: Israel H., now of Springfield; Jane L., now Mrs. Chapman, of Chicago, Illinois ; Frederick E., deceased ; John A., also deceased. Mrs. Nute died in 1851, on her way to California, and was buried on the island of St. Catharine's. Mr. Nute married for his sec- ond wife Laura A. Ingersoll, by whom he had four chil- dren, three of whom are living, viz : Charles A, now in Michigan ; Carrie May ; Ida M., deceased ; Frederick W., at home. Mr. Nute lost his second wife in 1865, and married for his third wife Mrs. Betsey H. Richard- son, with whom he is now living. They have two chil- dren, viz : Afa A. and Carrie. Mr. Nute has been Dep- uty Sheriff of this county nine years; he held the office of United States Deputy Collector also for three years; he was Inspector of Customs of the Bangor District about five years, and has also held several of the town offices. Stockbridge Lindsey is a son of George and Ruth Lindsey, formerly of Vermont. In 1830 he came to Chester from Vermont, and lived there some ten or twelve years before moving to Lincoln. He lived about one mile above the village of Lincoln until 1867, when he moved to the place where Stockbridge Lmdsey now lives, George Lindsey had six children, viz : George W., now in Anoka, Minnesota ; Stockbridge ; Carrie E., wife of Ira Hammond, of Lincoln ; Julia M., now Mrs. E. B. Hammond, of Lincoln ; Angelia, wife of P. McClure, of St. Francis, Minnesota; and Thomas, now in Minnesota. Stockbridge Lindsey was born September 11, 1834. He married Sarah Heald, of Chester, daughter of Jackson Heald. They have no children. George Lindsey died in 1872. Mrs. Lindsey is still living with her son Stock- bridge. Dr. Charles Fuller, of Lincoln, is a son of Timothy and Deborah E. Fuller, of Dedham, Massachusetts. Timothy and Deborah Fuller had six sons, five of whom are still living — Horace B., of Newtonville, Massachusetts; 414 HISTORY OF. PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE George, of Lincoln; Charles; Frank H., of New York; Edward T., of Lincoln. They lost one in infancy. Dr. Charles Fuller is the third son living of this family. He was born in Lincoln June 19, 1843, and attended school a* Greenwood, Massachusetts, from the time he was eleven until about fifteen. He came from there to Lin- coln and attended the academy about two years, when he went to Antioch College, Ohio, where he remained one year, when he returned to Maine and entered Bow- doin College at Brunswick, in 1861, and gradu- . ated in 1865. He then went to Meadville, Pennsyl- vania, and served as tutor in the Meadville Theological Seminary one year. In 1867 he entered the Medical Department of Bowdoin College, from which he was graduated in 1869. In the spring of 1870 he went to Hampden, Maine, where he opened an office and prac- ticed until June, 1873, when he removed to Lincoln, where he has since lived in the practice of his profession. He married Charlotte W. Rice, daughter of John M. Rice, of Hampden. They have four children now liv- ing — Herbert L., Louis N., Timothy, and Catharine R. They lost two in early life, He was appointed United States Examining Surgeon in 1875, which position he still holds. Joseph Keef, of Lincoln, is a son of Tlsomas and Jane Keef, of St. John, New Brunswick. Joseph Keef had six children, five sons and one daughter — James, de- ceased; John, now of St. John; William, also living in ' St. John; Michael, now of Howard City, Michigan; Margaret A., wife of John Sanders, of St. John; and Joseph. Mr. Keef died in 1877, and Mrs. Keef in 1876. Joseph Keef was born June 4, 1821. He spent his early life on the farm in St. John, where he lived until he was twenty-two, when he went to Hanson, Kennebec county, Maine, where he remained two years. In 1844 he came to Lincoln and worked until about 1845, when he bought the farm where he now lives. He has always followed the business of farming. He married Susan Hutchinson, daughter of David Hutchinson, of Lincoln. They have had fourteen children, of whom nine are now living. The names of the living are George, David H., Joseph, in Washington Territory; Charles F., of Lincoln; Leslie, at home; Eddie, at home; Bertrand, Alma, and Ralph. Moses B. Hersey is a son of Samuel and Eunice Hersey {nee Bradbury). Samuel and Eunice Hersey had six children, five sons and one daughter — William R., deceased, one of the first settlers in Lincoln; Hiram, now in Nebraska; Samuel, deceased; Moses B.; Jason, in Ab- ington, Massachusetts; Julia A., deceased wife of Frank Reed, of Springfield, Massachusetts. Samuel Hersey was a native of Sumner, Oxford county. He died in 1869. His first wife dying he married for his second wife Polly Bradbury, by whom he had two children. Moses B. Hersey, the fourth son of this family, was born September 26, 1816, and spent his minority on the farm. Taught school during the winter several terms. He first settled in life on the farm where he now lives, about one and a half miles north of the village of Lincoln Centre. He married Alathea P. Hammond, daughter of Ben- jamin and Ruth Hammond, of this town. They have four children, having lost three in early life. The names of the living are Mary Etta, wife of O. Keith, of Spring- field, Maine; Alvan B., at Franconia Notch, White Mountains; Benjamin H., with his father at home; and Sadie A., now at home. One of the old settlers of Lincoln half-township, as it is called, is David G. Hutchinson. He is a son of Sam- uel and Mary Hutchinson, who came to Fayette, Ken- nebec county, Maine,"from New Hampshire, before they were married. Here they lived several years; he also lived at Grand Falls and on Swift River. He came to Glenburn in this county in 1815, where he lived about twenty years, and where he died. Mrs. Hutchinson sur- vived him many years, and died at her son David's in Lincoln. Samuel and Mary Hutchinson had but one child, David, the subject of this sketch, who was born February 22, 1804. He has always been a farmer and lived with his father until he died. He came to Lincoln about 1 85 1. He first cleared land about four miles from Lee, but sold there and bought where he now hves, about six miles from Lee. He married Susan Babbidge, of Bangor. By her he had fourteen children, all of whom are dead except three. The living are : Eleazer, now of Lee; Solomon, in the South somewhere; Alden J., living with his father on the farm. Mrs. Hutchinson died in 1856, and Mr. Hutchinson married for his second wife Betsey Chapman. They have one son living, David, having lost two daughters. Caleb Estes, grandfather of John Estes, was a native of England. He was a farmer, and died in 1830. His son, also named Caleb (father of John Estes), was born in 1780. He married Charlotte Day, daughter of Josiah Day, a native of England. Of their children there are living: Wealthy, now Mrs. Robinson, of Massachusetts; Jeremiah D., of Vassalboro, Maine; George, now in China, Maine; Valentine, now in Dedham, Maine; Char- lotte, now Mrs. Lothrop, of China, Maine; Sarah, now Mrs. Taylor, of Massachusetts; and John. Mr. Estes was a member of the Society of Friends. He was a farmer and mill owner, and not engaged in public life. He lived in Durham until 1809, when he moved to Chi- na, where he died in i86g. Mrs. Estes died in 1810. John Estes, of Lincoln, was born in Harlem, now China, Maine, August 18, 1810. On becoming of age he en- gaged in farming and afterwards in mercantile business, He was also for a number of years engaged in lumber- ing and mill business. He served as Consjable, Collec; tor. Selectman, and deputy Sheriff, while living in Har- lem or China. In 1849 he moved to Smyrna, Aroostook county, where he engaged in trade, lumbering, and farm- ing. There he served as Justice and deputy Sheriff. In 1852 he moved to Lincoln, where he has since lived, engaged in lumber business. He has been Collector, Constable, deputy Sheriff, and Trial Justice, In 1872 he was elected to the Legislature as member of the House, Mr, Estes. married for his first wife Miss Eliza- beth L. Kennedy; she died in 1847, and he married Miss Nancy M. Ayer, who died August 31, 1872. Mr, Estes is now living with his third wife, Esther P., daugh- HISTORY OF Penobscot county, maine. 41S ter of William C. Hammatt, of Rowland, Maine. He has seven children now living, viz: Caroline R., now Mrs. Berry; George M., Anna, now Mrs. Woodbury; Susan, now Mrs. Stratton; Charles A., Edwin P., Willie F., and Mary A., deceased. Harrjson Piper, a native of Newfield, Maine, married Sarah Hill, of the same place. They had six children, one son and five daughters — Susan (deceased), wife of Oscar F. Dowe; Elizabeth H., now Mrs. Joseph A. Ap- plebee, of Worcester, Massachusetts; Mary A., deceased; Lucy, deceased; Jennie, wife of C. A. Sargent, of Bos- ton; and Harrison, the youngest and only son of this family, subject of this sketch. Harrison Piper was born March 17, 1839, in Great Falls, New Hampshire. He came to Lincoln in October, 1859, and engaged in the watch-making and jewelry business, in which he has ever since continued. He married Miss Abbie Huntress, daughter of James Huntress, of Lincoln. They have two children — Mabel H. and Ida M. Mr. Piper has served his town in the various offices in the gift of his townsmen, such as Town Clerk, Town Treasurer, Select- man, etc. He is at present Postmaster, and in 1878 was the Representative of his class in the State Legislature. Mr. A. W. Weatherbee, of Lincoln, is a son of Wash- ington and Elizabeth Wetherbee (nee Elizabeth Griley). Washington Weatherbee had three wives. By his first wife he had ten children, by his second one, and by his third wife two. A. W. Weatherbee is the fourth son of this family, born April 30, 1841. His father lived in Bangor when the son was three years old, and when he was six his mother died and he went to Boston and lived with his aunt Maria Allen, wife of Steven M. Allen. Here he attended the public school till he was fourteen, when he went to Calais, Maine, and attended the Calais Academy for three years. From Calais he went to New Haven, Connecticut, and remained until he was twenty, when he went to Springfield and engaged in the tin and hardware business, which he continued for about four years, when he bought a store in Lincoln and entered into a partnership with Mr. Cyrus E. Messer under the firm name of Messer & Weatherbee, which was con- tinued four years, when he went to Minnesota, leaving the business in charge of Mr. Messer. In Minnesota he engaged in the lumber business, following it one year, being there during the great freshet and losing several thousand dollars. Mr. Weatherbee continued the store until 1873, reading law during the time, and finally sold out and went to the Law School at Albany, New York, graduating in 1875. He married Lucinda E. Butterfield, daughter of James Butterfield, of Springfield, Maine. They have nine children, viz: James B., Washington E., Edward A., Artemas, Alraira E., Millie E., Mary E.; William VV., and the baby, now called Blucher. Mr. Weath- erbee has not been engaged in public life other than on the Superintendending School Committee. His store and office is on Main street. During all the hard times he has never failed to pay one hundred cents on the dollar. James Babcock, proprietor of the Babcock House in Lincoln Centre, was born April 2, r8i9. He is a son of Jesse and Mary E. Babcock, of Orono, Maine. Jesse's father's name was William Babcock, a native of York, Maine. Jesse and Mary Babcock had six children, all sons, viz: John, Moses, James, David, William, Newell, all of whom are deceased except James. James was reared on a farm and on becoming of age he engaged in lumbering, which he has always followed more or less. In 1862 he opened a public house at Mattawamkeag, which he kept two years. In 1867 he came to Lincoln Centre and opened the Babcock House, which he has ever since kept. He married Hannah P. Miller, daugh- ter of Timothy Miller, of Lincoln. They have four children living, viz : Alphea, now Mrs. George W. Smith, of Mattawamkeag; Evelyn, wife of John H. Reed, of Lincoln; Josephine, and A. F. G., now in Michigan. Mr. Babcock served in office as Justice, Constable, Selectman, etc. He has the only hotel in Lincoln Centre. LOWELL. NOTES OF SITUATION, ETC. Lowell is another pretty large town, made so by the addition to the regular township area of a considerable parallelogram, left to it between Burlington and Enfield. It is only one and one-half miles from the European & North American Railroad at the nearest point, on the north line of the south or square part of the town; it is but two and one-half miles from the river, and only twenty and one-half miles from Bangor. The careless- ness with which statements concerning these towns are sometimes reported, is illustrated by the fact that one of the very best authorities accessible gives the last distance as forty-eight miles, more than twice the actual space of separation, and the first distance as eight miles, more than five times too much. Lowell is bounded on the north, the oblong part by 4i6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COtTNTY, MAINE. Lincoln and the rest by Enfield; on the east by Burling- ton, whose length corresponds to its own eastern part; on the south by Township No. i ; and on the west, the lower tract by Passadumkeag, and the oblong by Enfield. The east line of the town is perfectly straight, and about eight miles long, passing through Eskutassis Pond and Turtle Island within it. The south boundary is also a right line, and six miles long, but, running a little to the northward, does not make an exact right angle at the southeast corner. The west line, in the middle of the lower part, is deflected slightly to the eastward, making a very obtuse angle, and narrowing the width of the town about one-fourth of a mile on the north line toward En- field, which passes through the south bay of Cold Stream Pond. The (nearly) parallelogram in the north of the ' town also narrows a very little to the north line. It is over two and one-half miles long, which is the length of the west boundary, on Enfield; and about one and three- fourths miles in breadth. No considerable lakes are wholly on the soil of Lowell; but it does not want for water, either in sheets or streams. Nearly half of the lower section or bay of the Little Cold Stream Pond, three-fourths of a mile from north to south, lies in the farther northwest angle of the town. Beginning near the lower part of the parallelogram, a lit- tle more than half of Eskutassis Pond — which, as before noted, is on the Burlington line — lies in Lowell, not quite two miles long in this town. Hayden Cove, at its northwest part, receives a little tributary from two branches; and Varney Cove is a short distance below, on the west side of the Pond. Just south of the en- trance to this is a small, rounded island, abreast of which, with nearly three times the length, is Turtle Island, through which goes the east line of the town. The Es- kutassis Stream, flowing four miles to the Passadumkeag Stream over a mile from the southeast corner, is the out- let of this lake. Less than half a mile from its parent water it passes the foot of Pickerel Pond, a very small sheet. More than a mile further it is expanded into a lakelet of about a mile m length and perhaps an average breadth of forty rods. Two very small lakes or mill- ponds are made in the mile and a quarter's further course to the Passadumkeag. This stream waters two regions of Lowell — the southwest angle, which has as yet no in- habitants; and, before making a winding course of some miles in Township No. 2, it comes in from Burlington very near the southeast corner of Lowell, makes a great, irregular arc of four to five miles in 'that angle of the town, and passes out southward. About midway between the east town line and the Eskutassis it receives the Fogg Brook from Township No. i. A mile below the Eskutassis a short tributary called Kimball Brook comes in from the north; then, after welcoming another affluent on the same side, which rises in two heads in the north central part of the town, it takes in the Dead Brook, which also has two headwaters, rising just below the east and west road across the center of the lower part of the ■ town. In the more northerly part of Lowell, the Bog Brook rises in a tiny pond two-thirds of a mile northwest of Hayden Cove, and flows one mile northeast to the Little Cold Stream Pond at the town line, just below Bog Jsl- and, which lies partly in Lowell. Within a mile and a quarter south from this pond, the large Cold Stream Pond projects two small bays from its east side a little way into the town. The northerly one receives the name of McKinney Cove, and has a short brook flowing into it bearing a correspondent name. The other is Long Cove, which has a Long Cove Brook coming into it at its head, rising in Cranberry Pond, about two miles to the southward. West of this brook and close to it lies in Lowell the greater part of a square mile of water, being the south bay of Cold Stream Pond, or the Webb Cove, which in like manner with the others has a small "Webb Cove Brook" flowing into it. The Cold Stream waters in Lowell are finally closed with the Little Cold Stream, which has one head toward the northeast corner of the town, near the cemetery at School No. j. and an- other rising within a third of a mile of the east branch of Dead Brook, the two uniting about half a mile before reaching the west town line, and passing about as much further to the Cold Stream, the outlet of Cold Stream Pond to the Passadumkeag. The southwest quarter of Lowell, as before intimated, is almost or quite destitute of inhabitants; and the north- ern part, or parallelogram, has but few. The rest of the town is moderately well settled. Its road-centre is the East Lowell post-oflfice, established in recent years near the foot of the long, narrow pond on Eskutassis Stream, two miles above the south town line. Hence runs the stage-road into Burlington, turning sharply northeastward a little way across the line at Burlington post-office. Hence also runs a road southwesterly to Lowell post- office, and then southerly into Township No. i, a branch also going to the same southwest along the other side of the Passadumkeag. A little out from East Lowell a southeast route starts off and goes into Burlington. From East Lowell a road makes north all the rest of the way through the town, passing between Pickerel and Eskutas- sis Ponds, and between Eskutassis and Webb Pond to the north line, and thence out between the Little Cold Stream Pond and the nearest Cold Stream Pond to the east of it. A little more than a mile before leaving the town it sends off" a road easterly to the stage-road in Bur- lington. From East Lowell also goes off" an important highway northwest, which branches about a mile out for a road which runs west about two miles, and then north one and a half' miles to School No. 5 and the adjacent cemetery, where it rejoins the main road, which a mile further passes into Enfield, one mile southeast of the post-office. THE VILLAGES AND THEIR BUSINESS. Lowell village is still small, but has a valuable manu- factory of sole leather, owned by Messrs. A. Webb & Co., a mill for long lumber and spool stock, owned by the Lowell Mills Company, a grocery store kept by the same, and also two general stores. School No. 4 '' "" the south road just below the village, and the cemetery is just above, at the angle of the road. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 417 East Lowell is only a mile distant from Lowell post- office. It also has a post-ofiSce, the mill of O. H. Wake- field; -turning out shingles and s])ools, and his grocery store, the saw-mill of John W. Fox, with another store and two or three shops and a public school-house. School No. I is a mile and a half northwest of this place, and School No. 6 a little over a mile southwest of that. SOIL, ETC. The land in Lowell is somewhat stony, but still pos- sesses considerable fertility — enough to justify agriculture as a leading industry in the town. There are extensive tracts of meadow land by the streams and other waters, some of which have high value. The pastures on the hills are highly esteemed for grazing pnrposes. Generally, the surface of this tract is not greatly broken ; but there are some elevations of tolerable height in the north part of the town. The scenery of the town, taken by and large, is justly accounted quite varied and pleasant, and, in places decidedly picturesque. The giant bulk of Mt. Katahdin is plainly visible to the northwestward, from nearly all parts of Lowell, fifty to sixty miles away. . It is altogether probable that valuable minerals and ores will yet be developed in this town. Traces of gold are believed to have been found at Harvey Hill, within its borders. A valuable deposit of slate has been found at Wakefield's Corner. A great amount of valuable timber has been cut out, and much lumber manufactured within this town ; and for many years the chief business of the inhabitants has been lumbering. The supply is even yet not entirely exhausted. THE SETTLEMENT OF LOVSrELL dates from March, 1819, when Alpheus Hayden and Levi Deane, immigrants from Canaan, Somerset county, Maine, came in and made their locations. It had already been purchased from the State. Among other early settlers upon this tract were Samuel Shorey, Gorden Duren, Nathaniel Coffin, F. D. Huntress, Eliphalet Pettengill, John Austin, Seth Webb, and a Mr. Good. The names of Shorey, Webb, Pettengill, and others of these pioneers, are still quite prominent in the town; and from Mr. Huntress- the infant settlement re- ceived its primitive name of "Huntressville." ORGANIZATION AND ANNEXATIONS. * The Huntressville name entitled this tract and what- ever municipal organization there was upon it until Feb- ruary 9, 1837, when the town of Lowell was erected from it. The local tradition is that the first male child born upon its territory received the given name of " Lowell," and that in compliment to him the personal cognomen was transferred to the new town as a geographical desig- nation. In 1841, according to one doubtful authority, the "Page's Mills Settlement" (now a village and post-office) was annexed to Lowell from Hancock county. March 16, 1842 (the Maine Register says 1841), the State Legislature added to the Lowell territory the "Cold Stream Settlement," or the "Strip," six miles long by two wide, north of Township No. 1, from the northwest corner of Bingham's Penobscot Purchase. It was de- scribed as " all that part of the town of Passadumkeag situated east of a line drawn due north from the north- west corner of Bingham's Penobscot Purchase." The area of the town was thus increased to its present dimen- sions of six by eight miles, about forty-eight square miles, or 30,720 acres. The settlers upon the "Strip," it is said, derived their titles from the Bingham heirs. SOME FIRST THINGS. The first settled preacher in this region was the Rev. Pindar Field. When the religious interest and denom- inational growth hereaway warranted it, the people to the west of Burlington united with the worshippers in the town to build a Congregational church, which was erected near the town line. A Baptist society has since been organized in the town, but is at present without pastoral supply. The first school-teacher was Miss Mary C. Dean, later Mrs. Stephen Kimball. She taught in the Page's Mills Settlement, and was, like the reverend gentleman before named, very highly esteemed by the residents. It is re- lated that so much was thought of her that the name of the settlement, which appears to have been a plantation title, was changed to "Deanfield" in her honor. It will be remembered that the first son of a pioneer born here was named "Lowell," and gave his name to the town. STATISTICS OF PROGRESS. Lowell town had a population of 205 in 1840, 378 in 1850, 556 in i860, 448 in 1870, and 433 in 1880. The number of polls in Lowell was 127 in i860, 109 •in 1870, and 116 in 1880. The valuation of estates in these respective years was $64,383, $72,126, and $65,406. ASSOCIATIONS. The only society manifesting life in Lowell at last ac- counts was the Eskutassis Grange of Patrons of Hus- bandry, which meets only once a month, on the Saturday of or next before full moon. ' The Rising Virtue Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars had a recent existence within the town. TOVl^N OFFICERS FOR 1 88 1. O. H. Wakefield, Williavn Pettengill, L. D. Shorey, selectmen ; J. W. Fox, town clerk ; J. W. Fox, treasurer C. G. Jewell; East, Simsn M. Cable, constables; Mrs. O. H. Wakefield, Mrs. Abbie Dam, S. M. Cable, school committee; Alexander Webb, E. G. Wakefield, trial justices. Mr. A. J. Webb is Postmaster at Lowell ; Mr. E. G. Wakefield at East Lowell. SETTLEMENT NOTES. One of the first settlers in Lowell was Jedediah Var. ney, who was a native of Windham, Maine. He married Eleanor Tourtillott. They moved to Lowell jn 1825, and cleared up and settled on the farm now known as the Levi Varney farm, abont three miles north of East Lowell post-office. He had two wives. By his first wife he had three children — William, Mary Jane, and David. 4i8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. By his second wife he had seven, viz: John, deceased; Jedediah, of Lowell; Isaac, now in Minnesota; Levi, deceased; Joseph, now in Minnesota; Stephen, in Cali- fornia; Samuel, died in the army; Lydia, wife of Mr. Hontash, in Minnesota. Jedediah Varney died in 1875, and his wife died in 1854. Jedediah Varney, jr., was born March 4, 1825, and has always lived here in Lowell on the old place. He naar- ried Mary J. Cummings, daughter of James and Mary J. Cummings, of Lowell. They have four children — George I., Nathan H., Arthur E., and Fred L. Mr. Varney has a good farm of three hundred acres, with a large orchard, from which he raises considerable fruit. . He has held several town offices, such as Collector, Constable, Select- man, etc. He was Chairman of the Town Board five years. One of the first settlers in South Lowell, at what was called Page's Mills, is Mr. Greenleaf M. Fogg, who came here in 1833. He is a son of Jonathan and Phoebe (Waterhouse) Fogg, who had seven children, viz: Francis A., Greenleaf M., James D., John M., Nathan, Jonathan L., only two of whom are now living — John M. and the subject of this sketch. Greenleaf M. Fogg was born June 15, 1813, in Monmouth, ' Maine. He came to Lowell when twenty years old, and cleared up the farm where he now resides. There was no road during sum- mer, and supplies were brought in by boat up the river. He married Malinda Lord, daughter of Timothy Lord, of this county, and they have had seven sons, viz: George Milton, who died in the army; Edwin, now in No. i, near here; Augustus, now of Lowell; Nathan, deceased; Willis M., of Lowell; Eugene, at home; and they lost, one in infancy. Mr. Fogg has a good farm of one hun- dred and twenty-six acres. He has for several years acted as Selectman of his town. One of the early settlers of Lowell was M-r. Thomas Ewing, a son of William Ewing, of Bowdoin, Maine. He married Margaret Bishop, and they had six children, viz: Thomas, David, Mary, William, Susan, and Sally. Thomas, the oldest son, was born in 181 1; came to Lowell when he was twenty-two, or in 1833, and settled about two miles from the Corners, where he has lived most of the time since. He married Bethanni Webb, of Westbrook, Maine, and they have had six children, viz: Seth, in Wisconsin; Margaret, wife of John Fisk; Fen- dora,wife of William Hodsdon; Maria, deceased; Thomas, and Emily. Mr. Ewing has one hundred acres of land. Solomon Applebee, of Lowell, Maine, was born in Ber- wick, Maine, in 1822. He settled in Lowell in 1853. He was married in 1856, and has two children— Winfield S. and Charles M. Mr. Applebee is a farmer and owns a good farm in Lowell. Mr. O. H. Wakefield, of Lowell, is a son of E. G. Wakefield, who came here from Steuben, Washington county, Maine, in 1855. The father married Clarissa Allen, of Gouldsboro, Hancock county, and they have eight children— six sons and two daughters, viz: Ann M, O. H., Warren A., Ambrose, Addison P., Mary E., Charles Henry, and Joseph F. Mr. Wakefield and wife family are all living. O. H. Wakefield married Helen E. Douglas, of Lincoln, and they have two children: Ralph J. and Harrison P. Mr. Wakefield owns the mill at Lowell, where he manufactures shingles, lath, spool bars, and corn-meal. He is now Chairman of the Board of Selectmen and Assessor, and Master of Horeb Lodge F. & A. M.; also Master of the Eskutassis Lodge, Pa- trons of Husbandry. He is now Postmaster at East Lowell, in which position his father served for many years. A. J. Webb, of Lowell, is a son of Alexander Webb, who came to this town in 1856. Alexander Webb was born in Durham, New York, and first settled in Sullivan county. New York, at Fallsburg, as manager of a sole leather tannery. He came to Maine in 1844, settled at Levant, now Kenduskeag, and took charge of a tannery. In the autumn he went to Dexter in the same business. Here he stopped six months, and then went to St. Albans, Maine, remaining one year. He went from St. Albans to Amherst, Maine, and took charge of a tannery there. He lived in Amherst until 1856, when he came to Lowell, and superintended the building of the large tannery here. In 1857 the tannery fell into the hands of Boston parties. Alley, Choate & Cummings, and when Mr. Alley retired, Mr. Webb had charge of the whole business here. In 1859 he bought an interest in the tannery, and the firm became A. Webb & Co. This firm continued five years, when Mr. Choate retired, and other parties took his place. The business continued in a prosperous manner until within two or three years, when Mr. Phillip died, and his estate is now being settled, The tannery is not running at present. Mr. Webb married in 1836 Abbie A. Gray, of Olive, Ulster county. New York, and they have six children, viz: Josephine, Margaret D., Albert J. and Alfred (twins), Charles L, and Emma E. Albert J. Webb is now in mercantile business. He was Postmaster here for fifteen years, but is not at present. He has a small farm in connec- tion with his other business. He married Maria L Baxter, of Kenduskeag, and they have one child, Ger- trude Baxter. Alexander Webb has held many ofifices of trust in towns where he has lived. He has been Select- man in this town term after term, being Chairman for several successive years. In 1872 and 1873 he was a member of the House of Representatives, and in 1875 and 1876 he was elected and served as Senator in the State Legislature. He is now Trial Justice, and has been for a long time. Albert J. has also held prominent ofifices in town, having served on the Board of Select- men, as Justice of the Peace, and in other positions of honor and trust. Joseph S. Buck, of Lowell, son of Thomas Jefferson Buck, who came to this town among the early settlers, was born November 8, 1830. His father was a native of Freedom, and his grandfather John was one of the first settlers of Buckfield, Maine. Thomas J. Buck had thirteen children by one wife, whose maiden name was Drusilla Shorey. Joseph S. was the oldest son. He first settled in this town in 1863, after spending some ten years in South Weymouth, Massachusetts, and two years in Wisconsin. He married Susanna Sibley, daugh- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 419 ter of William Sibley, of Burlington, and they have four children, viz: Ada, Ira S., Anna B., and Louisa. Mr. Buck has been on the Board of Assessors, Selectmen, and Overseers of Poor three terms. He resides on the lower road, in what is called the Dam Settlement, where he has one hundred acres of good land. MATTAMISCONTIS. TOPOGRAPHICAL. Mattamiscontis is a town (though it seems still to be reckoned on the census list, and, to some extent, else- where as a plantation) further up toward the wilderness, on the borders of great uncultivated and almost unin- habited tracts. It is of comparatively small area in ter- ritory, although much longer than the average town; and still more so in history. It lies straight up the valley of the Penobscot, thirty miles from Bangor, and but three and one-half miles, or the width of Maxfield from the west corner of this town, from the Piscataquis line. It is bounded on the north by Township No. 2 and about a mile's breadth of the east part of Township No. 3; on the southeast by the Penobscot, beyond which are Lincoln and a pretty broad strip of Enfield; on the southwest by Howland; and the northwest by Maxfield. Its north line is straight, nearly east and west, and six and one- half miles long; its southwest and northwest bounds are also each a right line, and three and one-fourth and two and one-half miles long respectively. A little more than five miles of the river are on the southwest line of Mat- tamiscontis. On this front is the Mahockannock Island, a litde more than a mile in length, and a third of a mile n greatest breadth. A little below its foot comes in from the northward the Mattamiscontis Stream, which heads in two branches near the north line in Township No. 2. Two miles further down Chesley Brook, running about the same distance from north to south in the town, empties into the Penobscot. A mile west of this the Gordon Brook, rising in three heads in the lower edge of the townships and flowing entirely across Mattamiscontis, receiving two small affluents from the west on the way, passes into Howland, where it empties into the river at Gordon Island. About the same distance stjU further west, in the extreme west angle of the town, are two small heads of the Seboois Stream, and a tributary from Town- ship No. 3, which crosses the corners of Maxfield and Mattamiscontis, and in Howland empties into the Pis- cataquis. The rather small settlement in this town is as yet mainly grouped on the river road, near the mouth of the Mattamiscontis Stream, and a little below the foot of Ma- hockanock Island. They have here a good school- house, but as yet no post-office or church. Lincoln affords their postal facilities. Some settlements are scat- tered along the road for a mile or more northeast of this point. The highway along the river, which runs about five miles in this town, is so far the only one of general importance. Very little seems to be ktiown of the settlement and early history of Mattamiscontis. The advent of the pi- oneer is fixed in the year 1829, and the date of incorpor- ation of the town was March 8, 1839. Twenty years afterward, however, it had a valuation of only about $6,000, and a little more than half the population it had in 1850, when its people numbered 54. In i860 there were 31 inhabitants, 51 in 1870, and 64 in 1880. It has not only held its own during nearly the last generation, but increased in population quite handsomely. The voters of Mattamiscontis in 1880 numbered 15, and the valuation of estates was $12,876. Two Mattamiscontians — Messrs. A. G. Sawyer. and William S. Roberts — are engaged in lumbering, which, with agriculture, constitutes the sole industry of the town. The principal families here are almost exclusively Sawyers and Robertses. The town officers, with one solitary exception (Mr. William C. Owen, who is a Select- man), are made up from them. Mr. Bryce M. Roberts is Collector, Constable, and a Selectman. William S. Roberts is Treasurer, and William P. Roberts Town Clerk and School Supervisor. William G. Sawyer is President of the Selectmen, and W. H. Sawyer is a Constable. MAXFIELD. This town is a partial gore, with a blunted point, its broad part the north line, five miles long; its long side the east boundary, about seven miles; its shorter side on the west, or county line, six miles; and its blunted point, or truncation, on the south line, only one mile long. IF is bounded on the north by Whitney Ridge, in Township No. 3, on the southeast by Rowland and Mattamiscontis, on the south by Rowland, and on The west by Medford, Piscataquis county. No town corners with it in this county except Lagrange. It is one of the smaller towns of the county; is distant from Bangor, and nearly north of it, twenty-four miles; and from the Penobscot, at its nearest point, a httle more than three miles. About two miles from its south line, the Piscataquis River has a course of nearly three miles from west to east through the town, making nearly a semi-circle in the eastern part of its course, and finally flowing southwesterly into How- land. It receives in this town from the south a small affluent, which rises in the southeast angle of Medford, and flows northerly a little way inside the Maxfield line and in general parallelism with it, to the Piscataquis less than one-fourth of a mile from the line. A more im- portant tributary is received at the crown of the arc, one and two-thirds miles distant, on the north side, where the Hardy Stream comes in from the northwest, rising in two heads in the angles of Medford and Township No. 3 respectively, uniting in Maxfield, and flowing two and a half miles further to the main stream. A petty brook also rises in Maxfield, half a mile north of the mouth of the Hardy, flows southeast, and joins the Piscataquis just beyond the Howland line. The Little Seboois Stream, outlet of Little Seboois Lake, flows in the central east of this town for two miles, and the Seboois Stream, coming down from Township No, 3 in a south and southeast course for three miles, when it joins the Little Seboois, less than half a mile before the exit of the latter from the town. The North Branch of Meadow Brook rises in the southeast edge of Maxfield, about two-thirds of a mile above the corner of the town. Ma.xfield has a fair population for a small interior and distant town, and has sensibly increased it even within the last eleven years. It is mainly on the south river road, running from Howland up the Piscataquis, about three miles of it in this town, and on the Bunker Hill or stage-road into Lagrange. This leaves the river road soon after it enters Maxfield, and runs with some zigzags southwesterly across the angle of Howland into Lagrange, crossing the Maxfield south line about midway, and hav- ing about two and a half miles in this town. Near the junction of these roads is the Maxfield post-oflSce, kept by Mr. Franklin Tourtillott; and also a cemetery and School No 2 a little above, on the river road. School No. I is on the Bunker Hill road, a mile above the town line. School No, 3 is across the river, about two-thirds of a mile from the post-office, on the road from How- land village up the Piscataquis, which is the only high- way of importance on this side the river in l^axfield. A "plug" road runs off near School No, 3, two miles, to the settlements, on which is School No, 4, beyond the crossing of the Seboois Stream. The town is thus naturally considered as quite excel- lently located. The rich, alluvial soil bordering the river on both sides early made' this region famous; and it still bears large amounts of corn and other grain and root crops. It is particularly well adapted to grain. The soil is quite varied in its constituents and capabilities; and the surface of the town is rather undulating. There is good water-power on the Piscataquis River and the Seboois Stream, which has been to some extent .utilized for saw-mills. This town was formerly known as the Bridgton Acad- emy Grant, from the fact that it was appropriated by the State of Massachusetts, under its well-known ancient sys- tem of liberal land-grants, to aid in the support of the academy at Bridgton, in Cumberland county, this State, which institution was incorporated in March, 1808. It was wholly within the present limits of Maxfield, and amounted to eleven thousand acres. About the year 1817 the tract was bought in a body by Mr, Joseph Mc- intosh, formerly of Hingham, Massachusetts. The first settler, whose name has not been preserved, is reputed to have got in here some three years before, in 1 8 14. Following him no long time after, came Mr. Mc- intosh, who settled on the south side of the Piscataquis, and cleared a large farm there. His place came to be known popularly as " Mac's Field ;" and it is said that this name, easily corrupted into Maxfield, finally gave the designation to the town. He also built the first saw-mill upon the tract, and engaged quite exten- sively for that time in the lumbering business. Joseph was followed into th? wilderness by his brothers Samuel and Thomas, and by another Mcintosh named Stephen, who was accompanied by his grown son, Stephen Mcintosh, Jr. The second of these, Mr, Thomas Mcintosh, did not stay a great while or perma- nently locate in the settlement. About the year 1820 came in from Massachusetts two well-known pioneers, named Pierce Thomas and Martin Gushing. They settled on the north side of the Piscat- aquis, and not far from it. The Rev. Jesse Burnhara, a clergyman of the Free-will Baptist faith, arrived soon after, and in the fullness of time organized a church, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 421 which subsists to this day, although its pulpit has of late been vacant. The next settlers whose nanaes have been recorded were Stephen and Thomas Tourtillott. This is the only one of the old family names that remains in special prominence in the tqwn. Mr. Franklin Tourtillott fills at once the offices of Postmaster, Town Clerk, and Jus- tice of the Peace in the town. They came about 1821. In this year also immigrated Levi Lancaster, up the river from Orono; and directly after him were two brothers, Stephen and Thomas Bunker, from the Kennebec country. Henry Clapp, who came from Boston about the ■ same time, was the first to open a blacksmith shop in the set- tlement. The nujnber and character of these early settlers, with the reputation of the tract as rich and fertile, soon attracted other settlers, and for several years the growth of the colony was quite rapid and hopeful. The great forest fire of 1829, however — of which a graphic account will be found in Mr. Soule's history of Lagrange, in this volume —devastated this tract almost completely, sweeping ofT buildings, fences, standing crops, nearly everything. This calamity produced inevitable discouragement. Many left the setdement, never to return; and it was long before the town recovered from the disaster. Nevertheless, the plantation was not dead nor abso- lutely deserted; and on the 6th of P"ebiuary, 1834, it was incorporated as a town by its present name. It had now, probably, about 186 inhabitants, since that was the .census-return for the tract in 1830, and the number was maintained with remarkable persistency for the censuses of 1840 and 1850, which showed, respectively, 185 and 186 again. In i860 there were 162, 156 in 1870, and 139 in 1880. Number of polls in the several last three years, 47, 32, and 39; estates, $17,568, $20,673, ^fd 17.541- The town ofificers for 1881 were: W. L. Harvey, Reuben H. Brann, John L. Dewitt, Selectmen ; Franklin Tourtillott, Town Clerk; John Smart, Treasurer; C. H. Bailey, Constable and Collector; Charles H. Bailey, John L. Dewitt, Constables; William L. Harvey, School Supervisor; F. Tourtillott, Justice. A goodly number of young men from Maxfield en- listed in the late war, who responded personally to the call of the Nation; and the cemetery records show that a large percentage of them sealed their devotion to their country with their lives. John DeWitt, of Maxfield, was born July 24, 18 14. He is a son of Abraham P. DeWitt, of New Brunswick. Abraham P. DeWitt married Miss Nancy S. Smith, of New Brunswick. They had ten children, viz: Lydia, wife of David Holbrook, of Maxfield; John; David T., of Presque Isle; Henry, deceased; Phoebe, deceased; Nancy, deceased; Charles D., now of Presque Isle, Maine; Mary E., wife of Moses G. Smart, of Howland ; Phoebe S., wife of John Tolpa, of Bangor; Christiana S., wife of John Burnham, of Wisconsin. Mr. DeWitt moved to Maxfield in 1822 and settled on the hill where Mr. Goodrich now lives. He engaged in farming during the summer season, and during the winter he worked a lumbering. He died February 14, 1866. Mrs. DeWitt died September 2, 1863. Mr. John DeWitt on becom- ing of age settled where he now lives in Maxfield. He married for his first wife Miss Mahala L. Page, of How- land. She died August 5, 1866. She had seven chil- dren: Charles H., now of Presque Isle, Maine; Mary J., wife of Marshall Fuller, of Lagrange; Samuel L., de- ceased; Victoria A., deceased; Bradbury G.,c^ Medford. Maine; Ella, wife of Israel H. Bemis, of Carmel, and Emma. Mr. DeWitt has held all the town offices in his town at different times. Abner S., Bailey, of Maxfield, is a son of James Bailey, who was born in Blissville, New. Brunswick, in 1788. He settled in Maxfield in 1839. He married Elizabeth Seeley, born in 1793, and died in 1880. Mr. Bailey was a farmer and lumberman, and a very moral man, takin|; great interest in religious meetings, being a class leader for many years. He was drowned in Maxfield, May 20, 1861. The surviving rnembers of his familyare James A., living in Detroit, Michigan , Henry E., of Farmington, Maine; Abner S., of Howland; Catharine (Mrs. De Witt) of Presque Isle, Maine; Mary A. (Mrs. Carey), of Presque Isle; John C, of Mill Brook, Michigan ; and Emery R., of Howland. Abner S. Bailey married Elizabeth Emery, July 12, 1846. Their children are Isabella, de- ceased; Edwin A., deceased; Elvira, deceased; Augus- tine A.; Charles H.; Emma F., deceased (married a Mr. Delano). Mr. Bailey is a farmer and dealer in carriages. He has held many of the town offices as Selectman, Treasurer, Collector, etc. 'His grandparents were born in London, England. Abram T. Lancaster, of Maxfield, is a son of Levi and Olive Lancaster {nee Olive Tourtelott). They had fourteen children, of whom Abram is the third. Seven of them are still living. Abram was born in Bangor, May 4th, 1814. He first settled in Maxfield, and has since lived here. He married Mrs. Clarissa Brier, by whom he had seven children— Louisa, wife of Josiah Babcock, of Howland; Charles, deceased; Alvin, deceased; George, in Minnesota; Mary, deceased; Seth, also in Minnesota; Ada, wife of Charles Cowen. John Smart, of Maxfield, was born March 29, 1819, in the town of Howland. His father's name was John, and his mother's Mary Lyford. John and Mary Smart had ten children who grew up — Charles, John, Lucinda, David, James, William, Joseph, Greenleaf, Olive, and Nancy. John, the second son of this family, married for his first wife Miss Rebecca Baily, by whom he had four children — :Joel, now of Dover, New Hampshire; Eugene, of the same place; Mary, wife of Elbridge Morrill, of Atkinson, Maine ; and John, deceased. Mrs. Smart died in February, 1853; and Mr. Smart married for his second wife Harriet Johnston, of Medford, by whom he had ten children, eight of whom are living — Olive, wife of Forrest E. Freeze; Ernest, Anson, Hattie, Elijah, Harry, Her- bert, and Winfred. Mr. Smart has lived in Maxfield for over thirty years. He first settled on Whitney Ridge, where he lived about eight years before moving to the place where he now lives. He has held the office of 422 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Selectman and Treasurer at different times, and is one of the representative men of his town. John F. Whitney, of Maxfield, is a son of John and Betsey Whitney. John Whitney came from Buxton, and Mrs. Whitney's folks came from Canterbury, New Hamp- shire. They had ten children, all except one of whom grew to manhood. Their names were Calvin H., Mary J., now Mrs. Colonel Gilmore, of Washington^ District of Columbia i John F., deceased; Susan E., wife of Benja- min Croxford, of Dixmont, Maine; John Fairbanks; Nancy A., now Mrs. Whiting, of Carmel, Maine; George W., of Bangor; Charles H., deceased (killed in a thresh- ing machine); Warren L., now of Newburg, Maine; Hannah A, late of the Treasury Department in Wash- ington. During most of his life Mr. Whitney lived in Newburg, Maine. He held many prominent town offices, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State at the time that document was framed. He was for many years a deacon in the Free Baptist Church. He died in 1877; Mrs. Whitney died some four years before. John F. Whitney was born in Newburg, Maine, in 1823, March 26. After receiving a common school and academic education, he went to Monticello, Aroos- took county, as pastor of the Christian Church. He re- mained there one year, when he went to Lubec, and remained two years. He afterwards preached in Salis- bury, New Hampshire; MasOn, New Hampshire; Mar- rows, New Hampshire; Haverhill, Massachusetts, and Lynn, Massachusetts. He moved to Maxfield in 1862, and engaged in farming and preaching until the present season. He married for his first wife Lydia J. Libbey, of Albion, by whom he had three children— Clarence W., Frank B., and Jennie R. (twins). Mrs. Whitney died in July, 1858, and Mr. Whitney married Miss Vic- toria F. Piper, of New Hampshire, by whom he has seven children— Mary F., Anna v., Dora E., Grace S., Malcom J., George C, Charles D., and one that died in infancy named Victor. Mr. Whitney has held the offices of Town Clerk, Collector, School Committee etc., etc. .! . William L. Harvey, of Maxfield, is a son of Samuel and Clementine (Berry) Harvey. Samuel Harvey came from Nottingham^ New Hampshire. He was bom Jan- uary 26, 1803, and settled in Maxfield in 1825. He settled on uncleared land, and made himself a comfort- able home. His family consisted of six sons and two daughters. One son died in early life, the rest lived to mature years. Four of his sons and one. son-in-law fought in the war of the Rebellion. One son was killed and two others severely wounded. One incident worthy of note, showing something of the hardships he endured in his pioneer Hfe, is worthy of space here. ,He, with others, paid for his land to Joseph Mcintosh, agent for the Bridgton Academy Land Grant, but the deed not being recorded immediately, and Mr. Mcintosh dying, he, with the others, had to pay for the land again. He commenced without anything and worked at day's work for subsistence while clearing his land, yet he succeededin making a good farm and a comfortable living at farming, though most of his neighbors did more or less at lumber- ing. He died in Lagrange in 1875 — dropped dead while speaking in a religious meeting. His children livmgare: William L.; Ira B. Harvey, of East Corinlh; J. C, of Petaluma, California, and Clementine B. (Mrs. Freeze), of Deering, Maine. William L. married Adeliza Hayes in 1854. They have had three children; Arthur L, Clara E., and Cyrus A. The first and last are deceased, Mr. Harvey is a well-informed man and takes great inter- est in educational matters. He contributes to edu- cational magazines and is a practical teacher himself. He has held all the leading town offices, including that of Supervisor of Schools. MEDWAY. Medway, formerly Nicatou or Nickatow, notwithstand- ing some disadvantage of remoteness from the centre of population in the county, and its surroundings being still considerably in wilderness, nevertheless enjoys some uniqueness and distinction of position. It is the only organized town in the county that lies on both sides of the Penobscot River. It is the locality in which those two waters so important to loggers and lumbermen, the East and West Branches of the Penobscot, unite their waters and their precious freights from the far north and northwest forests. It had a growth during the decade 1870-80 unapproached, in actual numbers or in ratio, by any other town in the county except Kingman, rising in the ten years from three hundred and twenty-one to six hundred and twenty-eight, or very nearly doubling its numbers. It is the most populous of ■ the towns and plantations north of the range of towns of which Lincoln is one, with the sole exception of Winn. .Medway lies at the base, as it were— is the southern- inost — pf the stately columns of. nine regular townships HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 423 on the east side of the long north projection of the coun- ty, eight of them numbered in the sixth range. Mount Chase and Patten, the only organized towns, and Stacy- ville, the only organized plantation, in this part of the county, lie in this range. Medway itself is not quite an even township, however. It is the regulation six miles' length on the north and the west sides, but on the south side encounters the older system of surveys, which has inclined its south line to the northward, and made a jog in it, at the northeast corner of Township No. 2, break- ing the line southward for a fraction of a mile, and then making another angle which sends the line north of east again to a junction in a somewhat obtuse angle with the east line of the town, which by the northward deflection of the south line is shortened about one-half of a mile, or to a length of five and a half miles. By this zigzag on the south, however, the area of the town is not material- ly reduced from the usual township size of thirty-six square miles, or twenty-three thousand and forty acres. Medway is bounded on the north by Township No. i, in the Sixth Range; on the east by Molunkus, in Aroos- took county; on the south by Woodville and the north- east angle of Township No. 2, Range Eight; and on the west by Township A, Range Seven, in which lies the Hopkins Academy Grant, and beyond and above which lies the Indian Purchase of tfro townships. The town is forty-seven and one-half miles from Bangor, and about the same distance, or forty-eight miles, from the north line of the county. It is very fitly named Med (that is, Mid) way. The Penobscot waters are by far the -most important, and indeed are almost the only waters in this town. The East Branch comes in from Township A, a little below the northwest corner of Medway, and flows three and one-half miles south to the junction with the West Branch, which enters from the same tract, and has a course to the southeastward of less than one and one- half miles before joining the other branch to form the nnain stream of the Penobscot. This has a flow in Med- way, in an almost straight course to the southeast, of four and one-third miles. It leaves the town in a gentle curve, almost at the exact southeast corner, and then forms the boundary between Woodville Plantation and Mattawamkeag. It would be interesting to describe further here these invaluable waters, and give some sketch of the lumbering scenes upon them; but this has been so fully done in the first chapter of this work and elsewhere, that anything we could write here would be little more than repetition. Just at the junction of the Branches there is a small island. One mile to one and one-half above it the East Branch receives two small af- fluents, one on each side. Half a mile above, on the West Branch, a petty tributary empties, having three l^padwaters in the southwest angle of the town. A mile below the junction a small brook enters the Penobscot from the central part of the town, and a little one from the southwest on the other bank, one-third of a mile above the former. Somewhat less than a mile from its exit from the town, the river receives the outflow of the Salmon Stream, a pretty large tributary coming down from Township No. i, and flowing nearly six miles in a southeast course, receiving a triflmg rill from each side on the way. Very near its mouth another stream, head- ing in two branches in the edge of Molunkus and the northeast part of Medway, flows south into the river. Nearly opposite the mouth of the Salmon, the Pottagem- bus or Pattagumpus Stream, rising in two branches in the northwest of Woodville and giving its name formerly to a settled strip in the north part of that tract, flowing with a northeast course one and one-fourth miles, enters the Penobscot. The population of Medway, with few exceptions, hugs closely the main trunk of the Penobscot, and along or near its shores are to be found the only important wagon- roads in the town. The stage-road enters from Matta- wamkeag across an'angle of Molunkus, crosses the Sal- mon Stream near its mouth, and runs on to Medway post-office, whence a trail runs up the east side of the East Branch. About a mile below Medway village the road passes two cemeteries, one on each side of the track, and nearly opposite each other. Just west of the Salmon a short road diverges to the river-bank. On the opposite side of the river, at about half a mile's distance, an im- portant road nears the Penobscot from the southward, and bends for its course up the south shore of the river. This highway leaves the great road from Bangor up the west side of the Penobscot, at Chester post oflSce, and runs with a general north direction through the heart of Woodville and about half a mile in Medway, before it turns at almost a right angle and goes about five miles up the river in Medway and out a little further to the Rockabema Rips, in Township A, on the West Branch. From the school-house half a mile south of Medway village a two-mile road runs off west of south to the town line, on which are several settlements. There is another school-house two-thirds of a mile further up the road, and one a mile and a half further, near the west line of the town. About the school-house on the Pattagumpus near the great bend in the road, and between the road and the Penobscot, is a cluster of dwellings, now called South Medway^ where a post-office has been established of late years. This was the older Pattagumpus Plantation. Here also is a shingle- and saw-mill. At Medway village there is a ferry across the Penobscot, with a post-office, a Congregational church, the extensive tannery of Henry Poor & Son, with a hotel, two general stores, several shops, and the "Reunion" Lodge of Good Templars. There is an old mill-site at the lower end of the island where the branches join their waters. From its favorable situation, settlement naturally got quite early into this tract — as soon as 1820, it is said, although the pursuits of the river and of lumbering must have caused mu(;h transient occupation by the whites here before that time. By 1852 the number of inhabitants here was enough to demand the simple local government for which the plantation system provides. The township was organized as a plantation, and long bore the name of Nicatou (often spelled "Nicatow" upon the maps) — a personal name of some note, we believe, among the Penobscot Indians. 424 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. Nicatou (Medway) existed as a plantation for nearly, a quarter-century, or until 1875, when, on the 8th of Feb- ruary of that year,Tt wis inc6rpofated"as a Townlinaer' its present name. At the same time Pattagumpus Plan- tation, south of the township, and formerly known as Letter Z, in Township Two, lost its identity, and was ab- sorbed in the new town. Medway Plantation had a population of 321 in 1870, and 628 in 1880. Polls these years, severally, 76 and 156; estates, $30,637 and $79,638- Pattagumpus Plantation had 105 people in i860 and 94 in 1870. In 1880 its census was taken with Medway. In 1870 its polls numbered 20, and its estates were valued at $5,171. The public officers in the town in 1881 were as follow: James F. Kimball, William Waite (South), Postmasters; J. F. Twitchell, Timothy W. Reed, Alvarus Hathaway, Selectmen; J. F. Twitchell, Town Clerk; B. N. Fiske, Treasurer; John O. Hale, Collector; John Hall, Jr., Nelson A. Powers, Constables; Thomas Fowler, James F. Kimball, Mrs. John O. Hale, School Committee; J. F. Twitchell, John Hall, Jr., Justus Hathaway (Quorum), J. F. Twitchell (Trial), Justices. Benjamin N. Fiske, of Medway, is a son of Walter and Abigail Fiske, of Pepperell, Massachusetts. Walter Fiske was a native of Wilton, New Hampshire, and mar- ried Abigail Dixon, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. They lived many years in Pepperell, but moved to Medway in 1846. He has since lived in Waterville, New Brunswick, from which place he moved to Mattawamkeag, where he is still residing. Mrs. Fiske died August 4, 1846. This couple had six children, viz : Mary A., deceased; Ben- jamin; Sarah N.; Achsa, deceased; Hannah M.'and 'Walter H., deceased. Benjamin N., the oldest son, was born March i, 1815, in Pepperell,. Massachusetts. He began business as a hotel keeper in Medway in 1844 where he has since lived except two years spent in Aroos- took county. He married Eliza P. Warren, and they have had. three children, viz; Emily D., wife of Charles F. Moore, of Medway; Theodore V., deceased; and Henry D., now of Medway. Mr. Fiske is not now en- gaged in the hotel business, but is giving his attention to farming. He was the first Clerk in this town, when it was Nicatou Plantation. He was postmaster here for several years and has also held the offices of Town Treasurer and Selectman at different times. Charles E. Powers, of Medway, is a son of Charles Powers, of Kennebec county, Maine. Charles Toweri, had five children, four sons and one daughter, viz: Charles E., Andrew, Nelson, William, and Laura A. (de- ceased). Mr. Powers died September 25, 1874. Mrs. Powers, whose maiden name was Frances Proctor, died in 1870. Charles E. Powers, the eldest of this family, was born August 6, 1826, and married Hannah Dean, daughter of Gideon and Mary E, Dean, of Robinson, Maine. He first settled in Marion, Maine, but moved to Medway in 1847, where they have since lived, engaged in farming and lumbering. He has had seven children, viz: Wellington, now of Medway; Maria, wife of George Reed, of Medway; Angeline, wife of William Taylor, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin; Ella D. and Mark, deceased; John A., and Charles William. MOUNT CHASE. Again we move far, far up the valley of the Penobscot, up the East Branch, up the Seboois River, and up its eastern tributary waters, to the northernmost organized town or plantation in the county, eighty miles — the Maine Register says one hundred — from Bangor. It is the ancient Township 5, in Range 6, erstwhile Mount Chase Plantation, and finally Mount Chase town. It is on the stage line from the European & 'North American Railroad at Mattawamkeag, to Fort Kent in the extreme north of the State, on the St. John. Mount Chase occupies an even surveyed township (but for a little break or bend near the southeast corner, caused probably by a fault in the surveys). It is bounded on the north by Township 6, of the same range ; on the east by Hersey town, in Aroostook county; on the south by Patten, Penobscot county; and on the west by Town- ship 5, in the Seventh Range. Crystal Plantation, in Aroostook, corners with it on the southeast; and Moro Plantation, in the same, corners on the northeast. Mount Chase, from which the town derives its name, is a commanding eminence in the central part nearly a mile and a half in length, and of considerable height. The story of its name will be given below. A road leads to it on an east and west line from Aroostook, which sends off a branch a little way due north, about Haifa mile from the east line of the town, and another a third of a mile further, which goes to the southward about a mile, then by a right angle to the east again, joining a HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 42s little beyond the Aroostook line the stage road through Patten to Port Kent. This road enters the town nearly one-half a mile west of the southeast corner, and runs a little east of north two and one-half miles to its exit on the north line of the town. Half a mile from its en- trance it sends off, on the west side, a mile long road to a settlement in the interior, and half a mile or more fur- ther another and shorter one on the other side. Shortly before entering the town, the only east and west road through Mount Chase brandies ^rom it and passes nearly due westward to its junction with a second im- portant road from the Patten way, which, crossing the Mount Chase line about two and one-fourth miles from the southwest corner, runs northwestward- nearly five miles, passing out into Township 5, just north of . the Lower Shin Pond. Most of the settlements are on th?se main roads; and nowhere are they yet dense enough to form a village. The people are still mainly dependent upon Patten for mail facilities. School No. 2 is on' the east and west road, about midway across the town ; and there is another school-house about two-thirds of a mile below the junction of this with the stage road. There are in all six school districts in thetown, four of which have school-houses. There is a Methodist Episcopal Society in "the town, but we believe with no meeting- house built as yet. The lakes of Mount Chase are the Shin Pond, lying a little way beyond the north line, but the main body south of it, the whole about one and one-fourth miles long, with perhaps an average breadth of one-third the length; a little sheet three-fourths of a mile south, with an outlet to the other; and the Lower Shin Pond, of nearly twice the area of its northern sister. It is on the west line of the town, and a large portion of it outside ; is about a mile southwest of the upper Pond, and connecting with it by a broad, winding outlet. The upper Pond receives a small tributary on the east, which itself has several petty heads in this town. One of these ponds gives its name to the only hotel kept in the town — the Shin Pond House. Through the southern part of the town from east to west flows the Crystal Brook, receiving from the north three small tributaries at intervals of about a mile from its head in the southwest angle, and flowing into Hersey 54 about a mile north of the southeast comer. Further in the aforesaid angle are the three or four heads of a brook which flows across the adjacent angle of Patten into Township .No. 4, Seventh Range, Three-fourths of a mile east of it the headwater of Fish Stream, which be- longs mainly to Patten, passes the town line. This township was first settled in 1838, and it was in due time organized as Mount Chase Plantation. March 2 1, 1864, it was erected as a full town, under the name of Mount Chase. This goes back for its original to the imposing height in the north part of the town, and that took its name from a man named Chase, who was here in 1825. He was probably an agent of the State, as his mission was to prevent trespasses by timber thieves upon the public lands, drive them off, and destroy some wild hay which they had cut. The great fire of that year in the north woods came upon him while thus engaged, and he had to flee with the utmost dispatch to save his life. Fortunately the mountain, till then unnamed, at least by the whites, was within his reach before the flames overtook him, and he found safety upon its slopes or heights. It has since been known as Mount Chase, and is one of the most notable physical features in the north of the county, specially remarkable, perhaps, among its mountains and waters, as bearing an English name. Thirteen years passed, as already noted, before the first permanent settler got into this township, in the per- son of Thomas Myrick. He was preseritly followed by his relative Ezra Myrick, and by Francis Weeks, John Ciommeitt, John Fisk, and David Bumpus. Mount Chase Plantation had 250 people within its borders by the census of i860; in 1870 it had 262, and 31D in 18S0. Its voters in 1870 numbered 72; in 1880 71. Estates in these years, $22,025, ^"d $28,101. The principal occupation of the citizens of Mount Chase is now farming, but there is still one firm engaged in manufacturing lumber. There is a great deal of ex- cellent water-power in the town, at one place falls of ninety feet sheer height. The town officers of Mount Chase in 1881 were: Charles Noyes, William Lord, Oscar Davis, Selectmen ; Fred Noyes, Town Clerk ; John Steen, Treasurer ; Wil- liam Lord, Constable and Collector ; Fred Noyes, Thomas Purvis, Frank H. Osgood, School Committee. NEWBURG. GEOGRAPHICAL, ETC. Again far to the southwest and westward, this time nearly a full hundred miles, until we are brought up by the south line of the county; and we are at the ancient town of Newburg, on the old stage route from Bangor to Vassalboro, through China, in Kennebec county. It would rightfully be also an even surveyed township, but its symmetry is badly broken by the divergence of its south line from parallelism with its north boundary, and by the convergence of its east line, as it goes southward, toward the west limit. It thus happens that no two of its confines are of equal length, and that its area is less than twenty-three thousand acres. The measurements of Its several bounding lines, if the Penobscot County Atlas is to be accepted as authority, are about as follow : North, six miles; east, five and a half miles; south, five miles; west, five and a half" miles. The east line is in two sec- tions, one running straight from the northeast corner of the town west of south, to a point about one and a third miles from the southwest corner, whence it drops to the earner in a line more nearly south. The west boundary is about a quarter of a mile longer than a perpendicular dropped from the north line to the southeast corner, which is about five and a quarter miles long, and de- scribes the narrowest width of the town. Its greatest length is indicated by the north line, six miles. Newburg is bounded on the north by Cannel, on the east by Hampden, the south by Winterport and Monroe, Waldo county, and the west by Dixmont. It is distant from the nearest point of Bangor only by the width of Hermon, six miles. This town, having been settled for nearly ninety years, has become quite densely populated, its numbers consid- erably rising a thousand. By far the great majority of these are on the three east and west roads which com. pletely intersect the town, and the other road in the same general direction which crosses something more than half the tract. The northernmost of these, the old stage-road aforesaid, comes in from Bangor at the north- east corner of the town, passes North Newburg post- office at less than a mile's distance, School No. 8 at the edge of the village, and School No. 7, with a cemetery, * about two miles further; School No. 4 near the junction of a north road a mile from the town line which runs into Carmel, and at this junction divides intatwo branch- es, which run out half a mile apart into Dixmont. Near- ly one and three-quarter miles below the northeast corner of the town enters from Hampden the road from Hamp- den village through West Hampden, which makes far to the south of west across Newburg and on to Dixmont post-office and out into Somerset county. This is the old stage-road. The Town House is half-way across, and almost at the exact geographical centre of the ton-n; Newburg post-office, with a Cemetery and School No. 5, is a mile west of it; and Newburg Centre post-ollice, with School No. 5, nearly a mile and a half east, and School No. 1 1 over a mile beyond the post-office. Between these two roads another east and west high- way traverses about three-fifths of the town, beginning in two branches at a road from the west of Newport Cen- tre going north to the other road near School No. 7, the branches uniting less than a mile distant and forming a highway which goes about three iniles to and then into Dixmont. About halfway over it passes School No. 9, and then sends a north road a little over a mile's length to the main east and west road. The third principal highway across the town also comes in from Hampden in two branches, which unite over half a mile in the interior of Ncwbiirg, at the Newburg village post-office. It runs thence a little south of west about a inile and a half further to South Newburg post-office. Half a mile out, at School No. i and the neighboring cemetery, it shoots off a road north to Newport Centre, Another north road goes from South Newport to the Town House. The main road leaves the town for Dix- mont Centre about a mile above the southwest corner, a little after passing the Free-will Baptist church. A num- ber of short cross-roads connect these main lines; but they call for no description. Across the northeast angle of the town passes the north and south road from Hamp- den to Carmel. Little more than a mile and a half north of this corner, in Carmel, lies the Maine Central Railroad.. The headwaters of a number of streams are in this town ; but no stream cuts completely across it except a tributary of the Sowadabscook, and this only in two branches part of the way, and only across a little more than the northwest quarter of the town. The heads of the Kinsley Stream are still further in the northwest angle. In the opposite or northeast angle are several heads of the stream running into Patten Pond, on the border of the town. Further south, in the central east and south of the town, and the southeast angle, are numerous sources of a tributary of the west branch of the Sowa- dabscook. A very small lake, near the south line of the town, is one of them — the only sheet of water in New- burg. In the southwest angle are the headwaters of i)etty brooks that run into Waldo count)'. The northern and western parts of Newburg are pretty full of rocks and hills; but in the southeast of the town, along the banks of the Sowadabscook, are extensive tracts of fertile intervale land. The soil here is well adapted to HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 427 the growth of Indian corn and other grains, of potatoes, and of hay; and various kinds of fruit are produced with success. In the older days the hemlock and other woods of the Newburg forests prompted a large business in hauling bark and cordwood to Bangor and other points on the Penobscot; but the land is now mostly cleared and devoted to agriculture. THE ORIGINAL OWNER of this township, after the State of Massachusetts, was the redoubtable Revolutionary General and afterwards our first Secretary of War, Henry Knox, of whom more elaborate mention is made elsewhere in this volume. Newburg is upon one of the four townships selected Feb- ruary 5, 1800, to make good the deficiency in the Mus- congus or Waldo patent, a large share of which (that is, the additions from the present Penobscot county) was as- signed to General Knox. The . purchaser from him of "Plantation No. 3" (Newburg), was Benjamin Bussey, who sold comparatively little of it, by reason of the high prices put upon it, and so held most of it until. his death. THE settlers' LOTS, in tolerable number, had to be reserved in the grant to the Waldo heirs. Already a goodly number of hardy pioneers were upon the sjil of the Newburg to-be. Be- tween 1794 and 1798, or not long after, had come Cap- tain and Rev. Edward Snow, a retired sea-captain, and, what is more remarkable, a Methodist minister as well, who is accredited with being the first settler; Cullum Muffit, said to have been the second on the ground; and then Messrs. George and Ichabod Bickford, Thomas Mor- rill, S[)ooner Alden, Freeman Luce, Levi Mudgett, James Morrison, Abel Hardy, Ezekiel Smith, Daniel Piper, and others. Settlement was measurably kept back for a time by the exorbitant prices asked for the land by Mr. Bus- sey; but after his death the heirs and their agents were more reasonable in their demands, and the Plantation (or township) filled up more rapidly. MUNICIPAL ORG.^NIZATION. The inchoate state of Newburg town, as before noted, was as "Plantation No. 3." March 13, 1819, it emeiged from the transition period, and became a full-fledged town. It was the two hundred and thirty-second created by the General Court of Massachusetts in the District of Maine; one of the five (and the only one in Penobscot county) incorporated in 1819, and the fifth erected before the separation of the States. Nine days thereafter, upon the call of Rufus Gilmore, under the act or resolve of incorporation, and upon a warrant issued by Thomas A. Hill, a Justice of the Peace in Bangor, the first town meeting was held at the school- house, near John Whitney's residence. There were at this time forty voters in the town, of whom about seven- #ighths (thirty-four) were present, betokening the intelli- gent and eager interest taken in laying the foundation of permanent municipal government here. Mr. Spooner Alden was Moderator of the meeting, and Mr. Gilmore, Clerk. Both of these, with Mr. Benjamin Folsom, were elected Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the new town. A long list of honorable gentlemen, during the sixty- three years, nearly, since their election, have succeeded in the town offices tlie citizens chosen at this meeting for public service. Their last successors (in 1881) were: J. P. Rigby, Joseph M. Davis, Franklin Prescott, Select- men; (Chandler H. Whitcomb, Town Clerk; Jabez Knowlton, Treasurer; S. E. Mudgett, Constable and Collector; C. A. Arnold, J. W. Chapman, William Jackson, School Committee; Jabez Knowlton, C. H. Whitcomb, S. C. Emerson, J. F. Hiissey, George R. Thurlougli, John M. Bickford (Quorum), Charles A. Arnold (Trial), George R. Thurlough (Dedmius), Justices. NOTES OF progress. Plantation No. 3 had 62 inhabitants at the beginning of this centurj'. In 1810 it had 216, a truly remarkable increase (350 per cent.) for that period of Penobscot history and for a single decade. In 1820 Newburg town had 328 people, 63 voters, and estates valued at $24,718. Its population in 1830 was 626, 963 in 1840, 1,399 '" 1850, 1,365 in 1S60, 1,115 i" 1870, and 1,057 in 1880. The number of polls in Newburg in i860 was 294; in 1870, 286; and in 1880, 304. The Newburg estates were officially rated in i860 at $170,483; in 1870, at $237,964; and in 1880, at $275,- 102. The property valuation of the town has kept in- creasing, notwithstanding some lessening of population. NOTED NEWEURGERS. Rufus Gilmore, the caller of the first town meeting, and otherwise a prominent citizen in the early day, was an adjutant of militia on the Hampden battle-ground in 1814, and was afterwards promoted to be Colonel. He was a land surveyor for many years, and filled various State, county, and town offices. He afterwards removed to Monroe, now in Waldo county, where he died, aged eighty-five years. General Charles D. Gilmore, former High Sheriff of this county, was a son of the honored old pioneer. He was a colonel in the Union army dur- ing the civil war, and was finally promoted to a General- ship. He is now a well-known resident of Washington, District of Columbia. Charles P. Brown, Esq., of Bangor; M. F. Mudgett, a lawyer in New York City; A. G. Mudgett, a captain in Colonel H. M. Phisted's Regiment (Eleventh Maine), during the laie war; also Major M. M. Folsom and his brother. Dr. A. P. Folsom, of Oldtown, are natives of this town. The following notes occur in the Roll of Honor of Bowdoin College, published in the Reports of the Ad jutant-General of the State: Class of 1865. — William H. H. Andrews, born in Newburg, March, 1842; did not complete the course; Quartermaster Sergeant, with date September, 1862; promoted Quartermaster. Class of 1867. — William P. Mudgett, born in New- burg, January, 1842; Second Lieutenant Eleventh Maine; resigned. THE BUSINESS INTERESTS of Newburg, as last reported, consist of the cheese factory at South Newburg, organized eight or ten years ago; the 428 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE Ndrt}i Ncwbui'g'Cheese Factory, two lumber manufactur- ers, one carder, two carriage-makers, one cooper, one wheelwright, two stone-cutters, one harness-maker, three masons, five smiths, one sign and carriage painter, three butchers, one conveyancer and land surveyor, one physician, seven merchants, and one dealer in pictures, picture frames, and fancy goods. The Grange Store is kept at South Newburg— Mr. Marcellus Tinney, agent. Agriculture is the chief industry of the town. . THE POST-OFFICES of the town are Newburg, G. H. Thurlougb, Postmaster; North Newburg, C. H. Whitney, Postmaster; North Centre, Solomon Foster, Postmaster; South Newburg, John F. Hussey, Postmaster;. Newburg Village, J, J- Dearborn. The town is thus abundantly supplied with postal facilities. THE CHURCHES of Newburg are the Calvinistic Baptist, at Newburg Centre, whose pulpit is vacant at present; the Free Bap- tist, at the same place, whose church building was burned in 1876 — Rev. Winthrop Andrews, Pastor; the Christian Baptist at Newburg post-ofiSce, Rev. Charles Rigby; and the Methodist Episcopal church at North Newburg, Rev. Rufus Day, Pastor. THE OTHER ASSOCIATIONS of a quasi-public character are at present only the Rising Star Grange, No. 11, Patrons of Husbandry, at Newburg, and the Golden Rule Grange, No. 183, at North New- burg. THE SCHOOLS of the town; on_ a public foundation,' number ten. A free high school has been maintained during two terms per year. SETTLEMENT NOTES. One of the. early settlers of Newburg was Mr. David Gilmore, who came here from Massachusetts. He was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in May, 1763. When he came to Newburg, it was known as No. 2, Range i. He was for many years Land Agent for B. Bussey, and was once waylaid and nearly killed by trespassers. He married Mary Robins, vvho was born in November, 1766. They had six children, all of whom are now deceased. Mr. Gilmore died in February, 1848, and Mrs. Gilmore in January, 1834. Rufus Gilmore, eldest son of David Gilmore and father of Mrs. J. M. Brown, was born October 26, 1787, and came to Maine with his father. He married J ulietta Fairbanks, born April 10, 1-788. They were married December 8, 1808. Mr. Gilmore was a'surveyor, and assisted in laying out the Hallowell Military Road and the townships in Aroostook county. He surveyed the Calais road. For over twenty years he was Postmaster in Newburg. At the time of the battle of Hampden he was an officer, and during his later" life received a pension for a few years. He held prominent town offices, and was County Commissioner twice. So much was he held in esteem by his townsmen that he was chosen by them to represent them in the Legislature. In 1853 he moved to Monroe, Waldo county, where he and his wife both died. They had eleven children — six daughters and one son. His son Charles David now lives in Washington, District of Columbia. He served in the army during the Rebellion, and was promoted to the rank of General. Moses Adams was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts, June 21, 1797. He moved to Newburg, Penobscot county, Maine, in 1831, and settled on the farm he now occupies. Mr. Adams is the oldest man living in the town of Newburg. He served under Captain Parson in the War of 1812 for six weeks. He was married February 10, 1831, to Nancy Philbrick, Mt. Vernon, by whom five children were born — Delia J., born July 2, 1832, now the wife of George R. Thurlow, lives at home; Louisa A., born July 2, 1836, married William W. Jaclc- son, Jr., now living in Lowell, Massachusetts; Maria A,, born September 15, 1838, married Charles H. Bond, lives in Charles River Village, Massachusetts; Sidney C, born October 14, 1841, died at the age of thirteen months. Jabez Knowlton, the subject of this sketch, was born in Ashford, Connecticut, January 16, 1805, and settled in the town of Newburg, Penobscot county, Maine, in 1835, on the place now occupied by him. He engaged in the mercantile business, which has since been his oc- cupation. Mr. Knowlton was elected First Selectman in 1842, and held the office until 1877; was elected Rep- ,resentative of the county in 1847. Mr. Knowlton mar- ried Susan M. Bickford, June, 1839, by whom he had one child — iVmos W., born April 27, 1845. Amos W. Knowlton was married November 10, 1869, to Anna Churchill, of Lawrence, Massachusetts. Amos W. held the office of Town Clerk in Newport three years. In 1872 he went to Newport and engaged in mercantile business eight years, but for the past year he has been engaged in business with his father. Mr. J. Knowlton was elected Town Treasurer in 1842. In connection with his other business Mr. Knowlton has been interested in the carding, cloth-dressing, shingle, and lumber in- dustries, giving employment to many men. Amos VV. is a Justice of the Peace, and is Master of Archon Lodge, No. 139, Free and Accepted Masons, East Dixmont. George R. Thurlow was born in South Berwick, York county, Maine, April 19', 182 1, moved to Monroe at the age of seven years, and lived in that town till 1852, from which place he moved to Newburg, Penobscqt county, Maine, and settled on the place now occupied by himself and Moses Adams. He was the fifth son of James Thurlo\y, formerly of South Berwick, Maine, who was one. of the earhcst pioneers 0/ Monroe. He was Superintendent of Schools in Monroe and Newburg for five years; served as Aid to both Brigadier and Major- General of Militia; has lield the office of Town Clerk of the town of Newburg sixteen years; also Justice of the Peace sixteen years, and is now QuaHfying Justice in said town. In 1870 he was elected Representative to the Legislature; served as a member of the Senate in 1875 and 1876; has also been engaged in farming, lum- bering, milling, conveyancing, and land surveyor, He married Delia J. Adams October 10, 1850, by who" three children were borri— Sidney A., born in Monroe HISTORY OF .PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 429 October 23, 1851, is now clerk in foreign department of the New York City post-office, having charge of said de- partnient, not married; Flora A., and Carrie I., both of whom have been engaged in teaching for several years. - Joshua B. Prescott was born in Dixmont, Penobscot county, Maine, January 9, 181 1. In 1832 he cameto Newburg, and settled on the farm now occupied by him. In 1837 he married Rebecca Varney, of Dixmont, by whom seven children were born — Charles H., born November 25, 1841, died from a wound received in the late war; Franklin, born May 5, 1843, married Addie Newcomb, of Carmel, and now lives in Newburg ; Augustus, born October 10, 1844, married Mary Mac- Pherson, of Newburg, living now in Newburg; Louisa, born October 9, 1846, married Thomas King, of New- burg, now living in Etna; Ellen, born October 14, 1851; married William RacklifT, of Dixmont, lives at home; Emma, born November 19, 1853, died June 12, 1866; Clarence, born September 29,. 1857, died June 12, 1866. Joshua B. has been one of the Selectmen of Newbiirg for ten years, also Overseer of the Poor. Charles H. enlisted in the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, Company B; was wounded in one of the engagements, and died from the efiFects of wounds received ; also Franklin Prescott enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry, Company M, under Captain Brown, and was wounded near Petersburg. He was in many engagements during hi? service of three years. Since the war he settled in Newburg on the farm now occupied by him, and holds office of Selectman. H. A. Arnold was born in New Brunswick, the 15th of February, '1820. He is the jirst son of Joseph Arnold, who emigrated to this county in 1832, and settled in Dixmont. . Mr. Arnold, not having a chance to attend school in early life, by his own energy and self-will ac- quired a fair education, and taught common school twenty-five terms. He has been in the mercantile busi- ness for many years. He came to the town of New- burg in 1854. He has been a School Co™'^it'eeman for three years, also Selectman three years, and is Post- master at present. Mr. Arnold married May i, 1843, Hannah Tasker, of Dixmont, by whom five children were born — Marcela, born February 5, 1844, married I. B. Bickford, of Newburg, now living in Somerville, Massa- chusetts; Hannah A., born September 5, 1851, married Algernon Brown, of Carmel, now living' in Newburg; Charles A, born September 17, 1853, married Florence Toothak.er, of Dixmont, now living in Newburg ; Lillie F., born May 13, 1856, married George Curtiss, of New- burg, ndw living in Boston, Massachusetts; Melville A., born October 24, 1864, now living at home. Charles Anson Arnold, oldest son of H. A. Arnold, received his education in common' and high schools, and also at the , Maine Central Institute, and has since been elected Trial Justice. He has also been Superintendent .of Schools of Newburg township three years, and is now a member of the School Committee in said town. John Eaton was bom in Sedgwick, Maine, March 16, i8o8. In 1830 he moved to. Winterport and bought a farm, on which he lived ten years. He then m'pyed to Newburg, where he has since resided. He married Mary K. Doten, and had six children: Caroline H., married Joseph M. Davis and died in 1858; Lucinda R., married John VV. Davis, and lives at home; Mary H., married Charles B. Abbott, who died in the late war; Francis A., married Joseph M. Davis and lives at home; Maria P., married George F. A. Avery and lives in Exeter; Harriet R., married Burgess W. Newcomb and lives in Newburg. Joseph M. Davis was born in Sedgwick, Hancock county, Maine, March 22, 1832. After he was nineteen years of age he worked seven years in the ship-yards, when he moved to Newburg. He has held the office of Select- man for six years. November 26, 1854,. he was married to Caroline H. Eaton, and had two children, Fred O. and Caroline H., both of whom, together with his wife, died. In 1858 he married Francis A. Eaton and has had five children: Frank W., John A., Carrie E., all deceased; Cora G. and Joseph F., at home. John W. Davis was also born in Sedgwick, Maine, April 25, 1833. -^'^ ^^""^y ^^^^ '^^ followed the sea for three years, after which he settled in Newburg and en- gaged in farming and ship building. He married Lu- cinda R. Eaton and has two children: Flora E. and Ad- die R. Eleazer K. Davis -was born -at Jackson, Waldo county, Maine, February 20, 18 12. In 1866 he moved to the faVrii' he now owns and . occupies. His early life was filled with the toils and difficulties invariably found in a new country. His education was confined to a few short weeks in each winter for a few years, when he learned the trade of clothier and wool carding, aud after that the carpenter trade. He was married February 13, 1839, to Jerusha House, of Dixmont, and had six chil- dren: Louisiana M., married James F. Ruggles; Martha J., married Daniel Pillsbury; Francis C, died in infancy; \Villiam D., lives at home. While living in Jackson Mr. Davis was elected Collector and Constable. Charles Rigby was born at Newcastle, Maine, Decem- ber 19, 1803. He is a son of James Rigby, who emi- grated from England in an early day, and when ten yeais of age went to Palermo. He married and commenced house-keeping in Albion, and in 1841 removed to New- burg, where he is now living, engaged in carriage making and farming. In November, 1837, he was ordained as a Christian minister, and has since preached on Sundays. November i, 1821, he married Mahala Perkins, and had two children: Martha A., deceased, and Josiah P., born Apririi, 1834, remains at home. Mr. Rigby was elected Representative in the -State. Legislature in 1862, and served one term. - Josiah P. Rigby. was born in Albion, Kennebec county, Maine, and moved to Newburg when a small boy, where he received a jcommon school education, and com- menced to w:ork in a carriage shop with his father, mak- ing that his business till 1872. In 1872 be went to New- port arid engaged in a general clothing manufactory, and mercantile business, in the firm known as Knowlton & Rigby, for. two. years. Since that time he has been engaged in farming. He has beetj Selectman for twelve years, and was elected - Representative in 1878. Mr. 430 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Rigby is leader of the South Newburg band, a very fine organization started by Mr. Rigby two years ago, which is liberally.patronized by the public in general. He mar- ried Ruth A. Fairbanks, of Dixmont, the 27th of May, 1856, by whom one child, Frank J., was born May 24, 1862. Frank J., the only child of Josiah Rigby, is a young man of more than ordinary musical ability, play- ing E clarinet in Newburg band. He is now receiving a musical education at Kent Hill Seminary. Marcellus Tinney was born August 3, 1842, in New- burg. He is the eighth son of David and Saloma Tin- ney, natives of Penobscot county. After leaving school he went to sea in a merchantman, under Captain John Short, and was gone two years, visiting Ireland, England, Alexandria, Egypt, - Constantinople, Turkey, Odessa, and Russia ; was anchored in the Black Sea, on the coast of Russia, two months; came back to Ireland and took passage to this country in the steamer City of Dublin, and afterward settled on a farm in Newburg for eight years, after which he followed the occupation of black- smithing for the European & North American Railroad Company. Was married, October 29, 1872, to Frances Fisk, by whom one child was born, Francis. Both mother and child are now deceased. He came back to Newburg and followed farming till four months ago, when he took charge of the Rising Star. In November ip, 1873, he was married again to Eliza Doble, of La- grange, daughter of William Doble, by whom two chil- dren were born, viz: Frank W., born August 23, 1874, now living at home Ida M., born June 13, 1879, living at home. R. B. Thomas was born July 14, 1823, in the town of Newburg. He is the fourth son of James Thomas, one of the earliest settlers of Newburg, whose occupation was fanning. He was a recruit in the War of 1812; was Town Agent, also one of the first selectmen, overseers of the poor, and assessors. R. B. Thomas received a com- mon school education in his early days, and afterwards followed farramg and ship-carpentering. He has been Selectman, Assessor, and Overseer of the Poor for one term. He was married January 12, 1855, to Sarah Leaviit, of Newburg, daughter of G. B. and Sally B. Leavitt, one of the oldest ladies now living in Newburg, hef family being also one of the early settlers of the town. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have one child, Sabine F., born April I, 1857; married Ada J. Malley, of Newburg, now deceased; is now living at home occupied on the farm with his father. I [Geoige Sweetser was born in Newburg July 19, 1836. He is a son of Jonathan Sweetser, born in the same town, and married Lydia Haley in 1830. The father of Jona- athan Sweetser was one of the earliest settlers in the town. Jonathan and Lydia Sweetser had two children : Charles, married Myra Marces and lives in Minnesota ; George, married Ellen Elliott, of Idaho, May 9, 1863, and died in Newburg, August 7, 1880. George Sweetser obtained a common school .education, and when a young man en- gaged in trading with the Indians in the Red River coun- try, and afterwards spent six years in the mines. On thjir return they were attacked by Indians, and- burned their wagons. After his return to Newburg he was elected to the Legislature and served one term. He with others, took the first quartz-mill across the plains to Idaho. George Hill was born in South Berwick, March 5, 1800. His father, James Hill, was also born in tne same town. His wife was Alice Ferguson, and their family consisted of George, Eliza, Mary Jane, Nathaniel Sarah Ann, and Eunice. George Hill settled in the town in the year 1827. On the 27th of May of the same year he married Harriet F. Jennison, daughter of Eben- ezer Jennison, of Dixmont, by whom he had ten children: George, Jr., and Sarah (twins; the former deceased. Sarah njarried Samuel Smith, attd lives in Easton. George J., deceased; Henry W., deceased; John J., married Frances E. Knowles, of NeWburg, arid has three children ; John J. was a soldier three years, and since his return has been Selectman several terms. Eben J. married Bertha L. Lipseble; he also served in the late war, and was wounded. Edward K. and F. 0. J. S. (twins) were also in the war, and are both phy- sicians. The former married Georgie F. Speake, and is practicing in Washington, District of Columbia; he served as assistant surgeon of the Fourth Massachusett| Cavalry. F. O. J. S. married Lizzie Hill, of Newburg, and is now engaged in practice in that town. Harriet F. Hill lives at home with her parents. Helena M., married Mark H. Siprelle, of Monticello. * John Dearboin, son of Jacob and Nancy Dearborn, was born May 12, 1850. Since becoming twenty-three years of age he has been engaged in cheese-making, superintending the South Newburg Cheese Factory for six years past. He has also been engaged in mercantile business the past two years. He married Seville Kimball, daughter of James and Elizabeth Kimball, of Carmel, and has one child. Hall C. John Whitney, at the age of twelve, came to Newbure; with his father, Amos Whitney, and settled on the place now owned by Allen Newcomb, living there sixty years. Amos Whitney died soon after settling in the town. John Whitney lived on the farm with his father in early life. He received a common school education, and taught school several winters. He was in the battle of Hampden under General Blake and Captain Bickford. He was Selectman for many years, as well as Town Agent, Superintending School Committee, Treasurer, and was one of the prominent men of the town. He died at the age of eighty-seven. He married Betsey Fairbanks, by whom he had a large family of children: Calvin H.,' Mary Jane, John, Susan Elizabeth, John R, Nancy A., George W., Charles Henry, Warren L, Anna .'V., all liv- ing but one. C. H. Whitney was born November 22, 1S14, in Newburg. After receiving an academical and classical education he taught school several years very successfully in town and high schools. He afterward en- gaged in mercantile business for fifteen years, since which time he has devoted his attention to farming. H^vas Representative to the State Legislature one term, and has held nearly all the town offices; he is now serving as Postmaster. He married Rebecca C. Steward, of St, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 431 Albans, by whom he has six children: Charles A., bqrn January 17, 1851, married Martha Merrill, of Brownville, and now lives in that place j Olive Elizabeth, born Feb- ruary 7, 1853, is the wife of Arthur Merrill, of Brown' viUe; John R., born January 20, 1855, now living in Massachusetts; L. Jennie, born March 31, 1859; Re- becca C, born January 3, 1865; Calvin Lincoln, born February 14, 1867. The last three are living at home. He has always been deeply interested in the cause of ed- ucation, in every way doing all he can to benefit the schools of the town. He has been Postmaster for about thirty years, and is enjoying well deserved comfort, sur- rounded by a fine family. Charles Croxford came to the county with his father in an early daj'. His father, Ezekiel Croxford, served for a lime in the War of 18x2. He had a family of eleven children. Charles settled in this township in 1829, and married Nancy B. Moss, October 14, 1849, who bore three children: Arthur R., married Julia M. Sylvester, and is engaged in mercantile business in New- burg; Selma J., deceased ; Emily, deceased. Mrs. Crox- ford was a daughter of James and Frances Moss, who came from England to this country. Arthur R. Croxford was born December 30, 1850, in Newburg. He is now engaged in mercantile business, buying wool, etc., also dealing in stock. He married Julia Sylvester; who was born September 5, 1850. They have one child, E. Josie, born January 20, 1877. William Sawyer was born in Gorham, Cumberland county, November 13, 1797. He came with his father, Thomas Sawyer, to Hampden when a mere child. Thomas Saw)er was a seafaring man, and is supposed to have been lost at sea. William Sawyer came to Newburg in 1835, and settled where he now lives with his son. He married Eliza Hewes, of Hernion, in 18 19, and had six children: Thomas, deceased; twins, died unnamed; Eliz- abeth ; Sylvester H., born in 1829, lives in Rockland; William, Jr., born in December, 1828, and lives in Hamp- den. Mr. Sawyer lost his first wife in'1829, and in 1831 he married Jane Miller, by whom nine children were born: Eliza J. married Ray Cooper, lives in Hampden. Elizabeth A. married Job Collett and lives in Bangor. ■Ruth M. married Lyrilan Miller and lives in Newburg. Henrietta lives in Lawrence, Massachusetts. John and Lusetta (twins), the latter living with her sister at Law-, rence. Charles T., deceased. John Sawyer was a ser- geant in Company K, Second Maine, two years, and then enlisted in Hancock's Veteran Corps: Was three times wounded. Since his return he has held several town offices. He married Elizabeth Fernald, daughter of Frederick and Betsey Fernald, of Shapleigh, November 19, 1874. Mark Folsom is a son of Mark Folsom, who settled in Dixmont at an early day, and married Polly Staples, by ' whom he had eighteen children. Mark Folsom, jr., was born December 15, 1808. When he reached his major- ity he came to Newburg and settled on the place now owned by him. He served as Major in the early militia- service of the State ; was elected Representative in the Legislature in 1873, and has also held the offices of Col- lector and Constable seven years. He married Sarah Morrill in 1S31, and had a family of eight children — Hannah C, Sarah H., William Franklin, Mark M., Al- bion P., Charlotte A., Gorham A., Louisa F. Mrs. Fol- som died in October, 1872, and he married Abigail Tib- betts,of Newburg. Gorham A. Folsom was shot at Wel- don Railroad, and taken to Libby Prison, where he died. Mark M. Folsom enlisted as private, was proinoted to captain, and served three years. Since the war he has been made Major in the State militia. M. C. Chapman is a son of William Chapman, of New- burg, who settled on the farm now occupied by Josiah Rigby. He married Eliza Morrill, of Newburg, by whom thirteen children were born — Augustus, Thomas, Alfred, Elizabeth, Charles, Henry, Hannah, Augustus P., Adolphus J., Martha, Milton, Horace, and Abbie, nine of whom are living. He was a captain of militia. M. C. Chapman was born June 16, 1S41, in Newburg, At the age of twenty he enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry, Company A, and served three years; was corporal and afterwards raised to sergeant; was taken prisoner at Banks's retreat. On his return he married Rosina New- comb, of Newburg, only child of David and Betsy New- comb. Two children were born by this marriage — Clarence C. and Henry M. John Bartlett was born in Kittery, York county, Maine, and immigrated here at about twenty years of age. He died on the place now owned by Enoch Bartlett at about the age of forty. He married Hannah Perry, of Phipps- burg, by whom nine children were born, viz: Joseph, Lydia, Eveline, Rufus, John, Hannah, John, Fidelia, Franklin, and Nancy, five of whom are living. Joseph Bartlett is the oldest son of John Bartlett. In January, 1843, he married Hannah Ricker, of Monroe, daughter of Reuben and Nancy Ricker. To Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett five children were born — -Rufus, married Me- lissa Sweetser, of Newburg, now living at Hermon Cen- tre ; Martha A., married Lincoln Morrill, now living in Newburg; Charles L, married Clara E. Malley, of New- burg, now living in Newburg; William, married Etta Goodrich, of Newburg, now living at home with his father; Friendly, born in Newburg August 9, 1861, died April 19, 1864. Allen Newcomb is a son of Hezekiah Newcomb, who emigrated from Cape Cod and settled in Newburg. He was in the war of 1812 and at the battle of Hampden. He married Rachel Brown, of Cape Cod, daughter of David Brown, by whom eight children were born : Ben- jamin, Doane, Sally, Washburn, David, Stillman, Allen, Hezekiah. Allen Newcomb was born in Newburg August 6, 1816. He married, at the age of twenty-six, Olive Mitchel, of Newburg, by whom two children were born — Augustus A., born in 1846, married Elizabeth Neally, of Newburg, and now living in Newburg; and Addie V., born in 1848, rriarried William Dally, of Bangor, now deceased. Mrs. Newcomb died in i860. Mr. New- comb married for his second wife, in 1866, Lizzie A. Cook, of Plymouth, daughter of David W. Cook. Mrs. Lizzie Newcomb commenced teaching when but fourteen years of age, teaching thirty-three schools and following 432 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. it closely for fifteen years. She commanded the highest wages then paid for teaching. The result of. this mar^ riage has been two children— little girls, both .of whpiin" died in infancy. Horace Bickford is a son of Captain Ichabod Bick-^ ford, who emigrated from Parsonfield in an early day. He was one of the earliest settlers of the town of New- burg, and settled on the place now owned by T.' C. Mudgett; afterwards settling on the place now oc- cupied by his son Horace, where he died, at the age. of seventy-five. He was a Captain of the militia of New- burg and was engaged in the War of i8i2, and was at the battle of Hampden. Mr. Bickford did much towards making the town of Newburg what it is, being a" hard- working man. He married Betsy Pearl, of Limerick, by whoin nine children were born: Sally P., George L., James T., Nancy B.,John S., Caroline A., Horace P., Rufus, and Marcus L. Horace Bickford was born January 15, 1823, in the town of Newburg. He has been Representative to the Legislature; also one of the Selectmen, Town Agent, and Auditor for a number of years. He married January 18, 1848, Lydia A." Bussey, daughter of Otis I. and Eliza Bussey, of Newburg. By this marriage one child was born — Leroy M., bom November 9, 1848, now living in Boston, engaged in mercantile business with his uncle. He is a graduate of the English High School, of Boston. James Morrison is the only son of James Morrison, Sr., who was born in Parsonfield, York county, Maine, and emigrated to the town of Newburg in 1806, settling on and clearing up the place now owned by his son. In the second year he built on his farm a house and then moved his family to this town. He and James Biclcford cleared off fifty acres of land and planted it to corn, with two men hired by them harvesting the crop. Mr. Morrison was one of the first settlers on the middle road. He married Nancy Hilton, of Parsonfield, daughter of Dudley Hilton, by whom two children were born — Nancy and James. James Morrison, Sr., was a son of James Morrison, of Parsonfield, who served three years in the Revolutionary war, as a private. He was at Sara- toga, and helped capture Burgoyne. James Morrison is now living on the place settled by his father. He mar- ried Caroline Elizabeth Brown, of Newburg, daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth Brown. By this marriage six Chil- dren were botn: Nancy E., Daniel A., Henrietta, Em- ma, and Arthur. All of his children died of diphtheria in one year. Eben Fall was born April 5, 1823, in Pittsfield. He is a son of Eben Fall, of Pittsfield, who emigrated to Penobscot county, and settled at Orono in 183 1, where he died in 1876. He married Elizabeth Jacobs, of Wells, by whom nine children were born — Betsey. Han- nah, Phoebe, Lucy, James, Mary, Eben, Martha,and John, eight of whom are living. Eben Fall, Jr., son of Eben, Sr., settled in Newburg in 1857, on the place now occupied by him. He married Julia Ellen Curtis, of Newburg, daughter of Ebenezer Curtis, by whom three children were born— Anna A., living at Lawrence; Cora E., deceased; Oscar H., now living with his father. _C. A.' Staples was born June 28, 1852, at Winterport, Waldo county, Maine. He is a son of James and Lucy Staples, of Winterport, a seafaring man, who married in 1817, and had five children — Abbie, Josiah. Charles A., Lizzie E., and Martha A. C. A. Staples received an academic course at Hampden Academy, and has been occupied in teaching, milling, and farming, having taught twenty-three schools. Mr. Staples was a successful teacher." Has been Superintending School Committee four years. Mr. Staples has been engaged in the mer- cantile business in the town of Newburg two years, fie was married August 20, 1868, to Abbie E. Goodell, daughter of William and Sarah Goodell, of Hampden, by whom one child was born, Josiah J., born March 4, 187 1. ■ V Levi Mudgett emigrated from Gilraanton, New Haiiipshire, in 1799, and settled on the farm now occu- pied by Simon E. Mudgett, his son. Mr. Mudgett was one of the first settlers in the town of Newburg, clearing up most of the farm and building the house now on the place. He was in the War of 18 12, at Casline; served in Captam Chamberlain's company six months. He married Martha Riker, of Monroe, by whom seven children were born, all of whom are living — Levi, born July 12, 1820, living with his brother Simon; Benjamin F., born July 11, 1822, now living in New York, has been in the custom house eight or ten years. He and Jackson took the contract for running the Government stores under President Grant four years; is a lawyer by profession, now in practice in the city of New York. Simon E., born July 29, 1824; Albert G., born Decem- ber 9, 1826; married Cordelia Perkins, of Hermon, now in Waterville, Kansas; has been Judge of Police Court six years; enlisted as private in the late war, and raised to Captain in the Eleventh Regiment, Company G, Maine Volunteers. He served four years; was taken prisoner three times; was in nearly all of the prisons; run- ning away at one time was captured by bloodhounds^ would have escaped had it not been for a snowfall, by which they were tracked and captured, traveling at night and fed by the negroes. Mary E., born April 6, 1829, nmrried Zeba Ayer, of Freeport, Maine, now living at ' that place; Martha A., born-November 25, 1832, married G. P. Leviatt, now living in Newburg; William R, born January 23, 1842, now living in Waterville, Kansas; was in the late war; was Lieutenant in the Eleventh Regi- ment; was taken sick, was discharged; was a graduate of Brunswick' College, also a graduate of Brooklyn Law College. Simon E., third son of Levi Mudgett, was born in Newblirg. He was in the mercantile business fifteen years, also deputy Sheriff in Hampden, Maine; he was also in the mercantile business seven years at Dubuque. Mr. Mudgett was yery successful in busi- ness in the early part of his life, starting in business without any assistance, and accumulating $10,000 before the age of thirty, but was not so successful in the West, losing heavily. He afterwards cahie back to the old homestead, and commenced at the bottoiu of the ladder again. By industry he has again accumulated an iiide- pendence. He married Julia A. Whitney, daughter of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 433 Isaac Whitney, of Newburg, who died seven years after marriage. To them one child was born, Sarah J., born July 5, 1852, married Joseph J. Humphrey, of Bangor, now living with his father. Mr. Mudgett was married February 17, 1859, to AdaHne Cole, daughter of Nathan and Abbie Cole, of Winterport, by whom six children were born, viz: Lizzie E., deceased; Edward E., now living in Minnesota; Charles F., born October 9, 1863, Walter G., born September 29, 1868, Flora G., born De- cember 22, 1873, Addie M., born March 13, 1876, hve at home. Jacob Dearborn settled in Newburg in 1786, on the place now occupied by his son, Isaac Dearborn, where he died at the age of eighty-four years. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and took part in the battle of Hamp- den, under General Blake. He married Hannah Whit- ney, daughter of Daniel Whitney, by whom he had thir- teen children: Lucinda, deceased; Joanna, married Lemuel Rich, of Exeter ; Warren L., married Eva Bras- ford and lives in Newburg ; Anna, now lives at home ; Isaac, born February 6, 1812, married Noma Brown, of Leeds, and resides on the old homestead in Newburg ; Nancy, married William Leonard and lives m Newburg ; Lydia, deceased ; Marguerite, married Chauncey Spauld- ing, of Frankfort ; Cynthia, married James Luce, of Newburg ; Jacob, married Nancy Newcomb, and is dead ; John, married Sarah J. Chase and Uves in Newburg; Mary A., married Cyrus Chase, of Winterport ; Elias, is in the West. Daniel Smith emigrated to this county in an early day with his father, Jeremiah Smith, and settled on the farm now owned by Widow Brown. He was one of the very first settlers of the town, having to go miles on horse- back to mill through the woods, no roads being laid out. He was in the War of t8i2, at the battle of Hampden. His wife was a hard-working woman, spinning and weav- ing the clothes for her family. At the time of the battle of Hampden she had got her cloth finished ; had taken it to Hampden for finishing, when it was destroyed by the English. Daniel Smith was Representative 50 Port- land, one of the first Representatives of the county. While gone from home his wife and children carded, wove, and spun thirty yards of cloth. He was also Town Clerk for many years, has been Representative to Augus- ta several terms, and was First Selectman, filling all of the important town ofifices. He married Temperance Lewis, of Cape Cod, by whom ten children were born : Mary A., Ruth, Joseph and Daniel (twins), Sally, Jeremiah, Elbridge, Sally (second), Asa, Mary Ann (second). Jo- seph Smith was born September 15, 1814, in Newburg. He helped build the Veazie mills and dams, working in mills twenty-four years. He went to Minnesota to build a mill for Gushing, and went to Canada East repairing »his mills. He has held minor town ofifices. November 2, 1837, he married Mary Benson, daughter of Joseph and Mary Benson. She was born December 3, 18 16. To them six children were born : Edwin, born February 27, 1840, married Lizzetta A. Young, of Winterport, and has one child ; Charles F, was engaged in the mills until the war broke out, when he enlisted, August 17, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Maine Regiment, under Captain Gilmore, and was raised to sergeant. He served two years, was sick and discharged; was drafted afterward and served two years under Captain Parsons, Company B, Nineteenth Maine Regiment ; was in all of the en- gagements with his company ; was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, losing a finger, disabling his hand badly. He was in twenty-nine battles, one of which was the seven- days' battle of the Wilderness, at Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, etc. Since the war he has learned the machinist's trade. He has been for the past year on the farm with his father. Milton, born March 5, 1842 ; died May I, 1862 ; was in the late war, a member of Com- pany K, Eighth Regiment of Maine Volunteers, under Captain I. Conant, and died of typhoid fever on Tybee Island, South Carolina ; was at the capture of Port Royal. Rosina, born October 16, 1844, died September 30, 1846; Joseph A., born March 21, 1848, married Emma D. Averill, of Fort Fairfield, and is now living at Dixmont ; Flora E., born June 15, 1856, married T. D. Clemens,, of Winterport, now living at that place; Frank A., born August 5, 1859, died July 16, 1864. Solomon Foster is the second son of David and Emily Foster. He has been in the mercantile business since he became of age. He is postmaster. He married Florilla H. Bickford, daughter of Isaac Bickford, of Newburg; has one adopted child, Russell Morris Foster, born No- vember 20, 1878. Mr. Foster had the misfortune to lose one of his limbs. David A. Foster emigrated from Montville, Maine, to the town of Newburg in an early day. He settled on the place now occupied by his son, clearing it up from its natural state. He was one of the old pioneers who suffered the privatioiis that the early settlers were subject to. He was in the War of 181 2 at the battle of Hamp- den. He married Emily Newcomb, daughter of Solo- mon Newcomb, of Newburg, by whom seven children were born — Charles, Sarah, Solomon, Hannah, Helen, Allen, and Emma, six of whom are living. Mr. Foster gave his children as good an education as could be had in those days. Benjamin Porter was born in Oxford county, Den- mark, November 14, 1792, whence he emigrated to this country and settled in Hampden on the place now occupied by George Neally. He was in the War of 1 81 2; was Lieutenant and Captain; was at the battle of Hampden. He married Nancy Wiley, of Hampden, by whom three children were born — Mary, Julia A., and Abigail. The mother died in 1819, and Mr. Porter married fox his second wife Polly Gillman March 20, 1820, by whom thirteen children were born— Benjamin, Jr., Ruth, Asa, Susan T., Andrew J., Sarah F., Lucinda M., Louisa G., Alphonzo, Matilda M., Melissa L., Horace B. Dudley G. was born in Hampden August 30, 1848, on the old homestead. He received a common school education, and at the age of seventeen enlisted in the navy under Admiral Porter; served ten and a half months; was at the bombardment of Fort Fisher. After coming home and staying two years he took a trip to California, and was engaged in mining nearly eight years. 434 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. After coming home he settled on the place now owned by him. He married Dora Plummer, of Monroe, daugh- ter of Sulivan and Sybil Plummer, descendants of Gen- eral Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. By this marriage one child was born — Alraa Ella, born September s, 1879, now living at home. John Piper, a son of Daniel Piper, was born in New- burg, and always lived in the town. He received a com- mon school education and lived with his father until twenty-one years of age. His occupation was carriage- making. He married Elizabeth Packard, daughter of Lebbeus and Ann Packard, of Dixraont, by whom one children was born — Elisha Frank, born May 13, 1848, and married Edith Snow, of Newburg. His wife is now deceased, leaving four children — Mary Emma, born Sep- tember 18, 1872; Walter, born October 17, 1874; John H., born October 20, 1876; Earl Chester, born Decem- ber 30, 1880. They are all living with their grandfather. Elisha Piper is a son of Daniel and Annie Piper, of Parsonfield, York county, Maine, who settled in New- burg in 1799 on the place now occupied by Widow Bart- lett, clearing and improving the place, which was a wild- erness when he bought it. He was in the War of 1812 at the battle of Hampden, under Captain Bickford. He married Annie Parsons, of Parsonfield, by whom thir- teen children were born — Thomas P., Daniel, Benjamin, Elisah, Hannah, Abigail, Enoch, Daniel, Simeon C, in- fant, Alpheus F., John N., and David M. Elisha Piper was born in Newburg September i, 1806, and received a common school education in the schools of Newburg. He worked on his father's farm until he was twenty- one years of age, after which he followed farming and working in the mill at carding and cloth-dressing. In 1849 he settled on the place now occupied by him. In 1831 he married Rhoda H. Bickford, daughter of Ebe- nezer and Susan Bickford, of Newburg, one of the pioneer families, by whom five children were born— Elisah S., born December 21, 1835, married Eliza Smith, of Newburg, now living at Medford, Massachu- setts; Enoch F., born June 28, 1838, married Ardilla Clark, adopted daughter of Abner Whitcomb, now living at Dixmont; Eunice F., born December 21, 1838, died December 2, 1839; Rhoda A. and Susan E. (twins), born January 10, 1849. Rhoda married William H. Hallis, of Troy, and now residing in Newburg. Susan married Samuel W. Bridgham, and resides in Newburg. Elisah S. and Enoch F. were in the late Rebellion. Enoch F. served three years, coming out without a scratch. Elisah S. enlisted for the full term, but was wounded and dis- charged after about one year's service, and is now on the police force at Medford, Massachusetts. Elisah was un- der McClellan, and was in all the engagements the company was engaged in. John B. Leviatt - is a son of Gideon B. Leviatt, born May 10, 1793, in Parsonfield, Maine, and settling in Newburg in an early day, where he died October 5, 1857. He was in the War of 1812. He married, Octo- ber 11, r82i, Betsey B. Piper, by whom twe children were born : Gideon P. Leviatt, and Elizabeth B. After the death of his first wife he married, September 24, 1797 Sally Piper, sister of deceased, by whom twelve children were born, viz : Nancy, Sally A., Jessie J., Elisha E, Hannah, David P., William B., Judith, John B., Elisha F., Elma F. John B. Leviatt received a common school education. In early life he was occupied in lum- bering on the Penobscot River nearly thirteen years, after which he settled on the farm now occupied by him. He married Marietta Chase, daughter of Hamilton Chase, September 25, 1857, by whom eleven children were born, viz: Carroll W., born April 7, i860, now living in Minnesota; William A., born September 16, 1862, now away from home ; Inez A., born October 11, 1863, now living at home ; Jennie C, born September 6, 1865, married George A. Sewell, of Dixmont, now living at home; her husband is in Colorado mining. Mertie A., born March 29, 1868, now living at home; John E., born April 8, 1869, died October 7, 1869; Fred B., born June 30, 1870, living at' home; John E., born June 6, 1873, Uving at home; Susie E., born August 2, 1875, at home; Floyd, born May 17, 1877, died September 24, 1877; Gideon B., born February 10, r879, ''ving at home. Gideon P. Leviatt was born in Newport December 31, 1823. He is a son of Gideon B. and Betsey B. Leviatt. In early life he worked with his father until twenty-one years of age, on the farm, and afterwards learned the house-carpenter trade, working at the business about twenty years. Since that time he has been farming. He married Sally B. Thomas, daughter of James and Eliza Thomas, Newburg, by whom three children were born, viz: Rufus B., born October 25, 1851, is now in busi- ness in Boston; Addie E., born August 21, 1852, mar- ried Dr. M. C. Donald, and is living in Kansas City; Clar- ence H., born June 21, 1858, married Mabel Mansell, and is now living in Newbuig. Mr. Leviatt's first wife died in April, 1870, and he was again married to Martha A. Mudgett, daughter of Levi B. Mudgett, of Newburg, November 24, 1870, by whom four children have been born, viz: Benjamin M., born August 30, 1871, died June 23, 1873; Sarah A, born December 14, 1872, at home; George P., born January 10, 1874, at home; Annie M., born May 19, 1875, at home. NEWPORT. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. Pushing straight westward now through the county, we stop at its confines, and are in another of the venerable towns, though not near so ancient as some others — New- port, which famishes our next theme. It is fourteen and a half miles from Bangor, by the projection of its south boundary line to the northwest corner of that town ; is twelve miles from the north line of the county, across Dexter and Corinna, and a little more from the south line, across Dixmont and Dexter. It is bounded on the north by Corinna, on the east by Stetson, on the south by Ply- mouth and a moderate breadth of Etna, and on the west by Palmyra, Somerset county. Detroit, in the same county, at the southwest, does not quite corner upon Newport, by reason of a slight jog in the county line on the north line of Plymouth. It is pretty nearly an even township of thirty-six square miles, but with some trifling divergence of its opposite pairs of lines from absolute parallelism. Its boundaries are unbroken by lakes . or any large waters ; but great part of its surface — probably one-fifth, or seven to eight square miles (about 4,500 acres) — is covered by the splendid sheet called Newport Pond. This lies nearly from north and south, and mainly in the north, south, and west central portions of the town, the nearest part of the main body being one and one- . fourth miles distant from the west line. The lake is four and one-eighth miles in greatest length by three in great- est breadth, from Durham Bridge, at the mouth of Stet- son Stream, to the entrance of the large bay on the west, at whose outlet is Newport village. The pond has a shore line of about fifteen miles. The water system of Newport centres upon this pond. From the northeast, and from its head in Stetson Pond, comes in the Stetson Stream, about two-thirds of the way down the east side. This stream is joined by a fair-sized affluent from the north heading in the edge of Corinna, and emptying close upon the Stetson line. A mile from its mouth it too receives a small tributary from the south- west. Less than a rrjile and a half above the mouth of the Stetson, at another small bay, another affluent of about three miles' length, from the northwest and north, disembogues its waters. About the same distance further up, and less than a mile from the extreme head of the lake, a much larger water enters, being the joint outlet of tjje two large ponds in the south central part of Corinna. At a very small bay forming the extremity of the pond, a petty stream, heading in two branches in Corinna, is re- ceived. A large inlet just north of the fine bay above Newport village takes in two small tributaries from the northwest, the northernmost of which has its source in the Little Pillsbury Pond, near the county line. Through Nevpport village flows the most important water of all, that which accounts for the existence of the village at this particular point — the Sebasticook Stream, which en- ters from Somerset county, through the northwest angle of Plymouth, and makes a short course to the village. It is joined a little way out by the good-sized stream which, is the outlet of Plymouth Pond. The junction of the two makes a powerful water, furnishing an admirable power as it drops down through the village to the pond. At the southern extremity of the lake, which is almost a pond, a small brook, rising in the edge of Plymouth, comes in from the south. Newport, next to Dexter, is the most important village in the county west of Bangor. It has not only the natural advantages of the situation, but also those afforded her by the junction of the Maine Central and the Dexter & Newport Railroads. The former traverses the entire south part of the town, making stations here and at East Newport, two-thirds of a mile from the lowest point of the lake. The Dexter & Newport Branch, running north near the west shore of the pond, has about five miles of track in the town, and makes one or two small stations, but passes no post-office on its way out. At Newport Junction these roads have freight, passenger, engine, and store-houses, and all other necessary conveniences. The village has also the Town House, Union and Methodist Episcopal churches, a Masonic Hall, a large public school-house, a circulating library of some five hundred volumes, a considerable number of mills and factories, and a quite extensive business quarter for a country village. . At East Newport are several small railway buildings, two general stores, two dress-making establishments, two blacksmiths, and one wool-puller. School No. 7 is three- quarters of a mile west, near the crossing of the rail and wagon-roads. North Newport has a church, post-office, cemetery, and a little cluster of dwellings. It is situated somewhat over a mile from the north line of the town, and about as far from the east line, on the east and west road from Bangor, through East Stetson and Stetson, and across Newport into Palmyra. Less than half a mile from the county line it passes a hamlet called Wedgewood Corn- evs, which has no post-office as yet. Here a road crosses from the Newport village, running north up the town into the corner of Corinna. A mile above the village it sends off a road east toward the Pond, which angles near it to the north, and with a slight jog on the Bangor road west of School No. 9, also goes into Corinna. Another north and south road, entirely traversing the town, lies on the other side of the Pond. It comes in from the northwest 435 436 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. angle of Etna, runs west of north to Durham Bridge, at the mouth of Stetson Stream, and thence west of north and north to Corinna. One-third of a mile beyond the bridge it sends off a branch northeast and north, also into Corinna, but through North Newport, running nearly parallel with it, and about a mile distant. A mile north of the railroad, near School No. lo, it crosses a highway from the northeast and from Stetson Post-office, which goes on to East Newport, and thence a little further, out into Plymouth. At East Newport it crosses a road coming from the corner of Etna, and mak- ing north of west of Newport village. From the village, and from a point southeast a mile out, two routes run southerly into Plymouth. The Town Farm is situated near the junction of the latter with the East Newport road. The land surface of this town is of a generally level character, and with good capabilities for agriculture, to which its people are for the most part devoted. Origin- ally, the farms were considerably covered with broken stone, mostly granite ; but when well cleared, a soil con- sisting chiefly of clayey loam is developed, which makes the strongest hay-land in the State, and as remunerative to the farmer as any in the county. There was formerly in this town an immense amount of valuable saw limber; but it has now been mostly cut off. There is still, however, abundance of wood for fuel, without going beyond the limits of the town. EARLIEST HISTORY. It is said that, at a time long gone, whereof the mem- ory of man runneth not to the contrary, the Eastern In- dians had one of their trails southwestward through this region, and that hereabouts they made a portage from the waters flowing into the Penobscot to the Sebasticook Stream, by which they reached the Kennebec. From this fact, as one theory or tradition goes, the town ulti- mately received its present designation. The original sale of this township to the State was to David Green, of Boston, from whom, or whose heijs, the land titles of the pioneers were mostly derived. The official surveys in the Newport tract date from 1792. EARLY SETTLEMENT. About the year 1800, it is thought, the first pioneer got in — a hunter and trapper named Houston. He made a small clearing on Birch Point, where he built a log shelter or camp. Four years afterwards a party of no less than sixteen men, all "prospectors," came across the country from Skowhegan, seeking a better spot for their homes. Four of them, named John Ireland ("Deacon Ireland"), Syl- vanus Whiting, Thomas Steward, and Elim Pratt, settled on the north side of the lake, and remained permanent settlers to the day of their death. It is not known, we believe, where the others made their final home. Two other pioneers, Iphidiah Ring and Benjamin Shaw, came from Deerfield, New Hampshire, about the year 1806, and also made permanent settlements, both of them near the present Newport village. Mr. Shaw settled on the west side of the tract, where he built the first frame dwelling erected in the town. This was re- moved from its original position in 1831 by "his nephew Benjamin Shaw, and is now a double tenement near the lake. Mr. Ring took a place on the hill northwest of the village. Soon after Messrs. Ring and Shaw, came Mr. William Martin, and located on the east side of the river, where he built a frame house and put up a saw- and grist-mill. The first settler definitely known to have located on the east side of Newport got in after the town was in- corporated. He was Isaac Lawrence, believed to have come in 1815. Mr. Lawrence's farm was at the foot of Billings's Hill, and he prospered in its cultivation until he became one of the most thrifty proprietors in the town. Others -of the early settlers were Nathaniel Burritt, John Whiting, Daniel Bickneil, John Ireland, and Elam Pratt, most of whom were from Bloomfield, Somerset county, in this State (a town which has now lost this name). They derived the titles to their lots of land, in general, from Benjamin Shepard, a resident of Bangor. ORGANIZATION. The plantation name of this township was "Great East Pond," from the large sheet of water within its bounds, which seems to have borne that name. On the 14th of June, 1814, in the midst of the strife then raging between Great Britain and the United Slates, the plantation was erected into a town by the name of Newport — receiving this name, accoiding to the late Benjamin Shaw, one of the before-mentioned pioneers, from the Indian portage anciently used between the tribu- taries of the Penobscot and the eastern branch of the Sebasticook. It was the 9th and last of the towns cre- ated in the District of Maine during this year; and the 208th created at any time in the District. Hermonand Sangerville — both also then of " Hancock county, Massa- chusetts " — were the towns created on the 13th of June, next before the birthday of Newport. FIRST THINGS. The first town meeting — rather plantation meeting— ' within the present bounds of Newport, was held in 1812, in the log cabin of Mr. Robert Stewart, to devise methods of protection and defense against the Indians, an attack from whom, coming from the East, was believed to be threatened. The first town meeting after the incorporation was held on the 5th of September, 18 14, almost three months after the act or resolve of incorporation was passed, At this meeting the first Selectmen of the town were chosen — Messrs. Jethro Sanborn, William Martin, and Samuel Hayden. The first male child born in the town was Cyrus Wil- son, who was ushered into the world about 1805. "is later years have been spent in Orono, in a hale and hearty old age. The second male child was Almond B. Ring, son of the pioneer Iphidiah Ring aforesaid. He was born about 1808, and remained in the township all his life also surviving to extreme old age. He was, in his woK HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 437 active day, noted as aiding to build all the highways and bridges in the town. The first school was opened in the cellar kitchen of the house' occupied by Benjamin Shaw, in 1813. Mr. Daniel Veasey was the teacher. The town has always had a good reputation in the matter of popular education. In 1874 a new and comnaodioiis school-house was built in Newport village, at a cost of $6,000. Three rooms of it have been occupied of late years by the several grades of the school. The first store in Newport was opened and kept by Chandler Hopkins, near the present upper bridge, at the village. The first doctor in the town bore the singularly appro- priate appellation of Leach. Other pioneer physicians were Drs. Abijah Wright and Benjamin Wilson, the lat- ter of whom died in Newburg in 1849, of cholera, it be- ing a year of that dreadful scourge. In later times Dr. John Benson became a veteran in the practice, having steadily pursued his rounds for the relief Of suffering humanity for well 'nigh half a century. Dr. Byron Porter also grew gray in the medical service in Newport. The first person to drive a wheeled vehicle from the Kennebec to the Penobscot River vi'as Mr. Caleb Shaw, who performed this then notable feat in 1820. He set- tled in Newport, andjdied here in 1849. The first preachers in the town were Elder John York, the Rev. Mr. Osborne, and Rev. John Whitney. The churches now existing here are the Methodist Episcopal (Rev. V. P. Wardwell, pastor in 1881), and the Christian or Union church, of which the Rev. Mr. Howard has charge. The Newport post-office was established about 1817. Mr. S. P. Judkins is postmaster here, Mr. J. H. Wey- mouth at East Newport, and Sylvanus Whiting at North Newport. LATER NOTES. The Shaw House, at Newport village, was built in 1859-60, by Benjamin Shaw, nephew of the well-known pioneer of that name. Meridian Hall, at the same place, is a fine, commodious building, its audience-room seating six hundred persons. The names of the old settler Benjamin Shaw, of Mark Fisher, Henry Butler, John Wilson, Jr., Jesse and Parker 0. Prescott, WiUiam L. Walker, William Martin, Jr., and others, are cherished in the town as having done much to advance its interests. To several of these public- spirited citizens it is mainly indebted for the elms and maples lining the streets of the village, and pleasantly shading the hot summer days. Deacon Edmund Rowe, who was one of the oldest settlers, became a member of the Board of Selectmen in ,1832, and was Chairman of the Board for several years. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1862. Newport did its full duty by the State and Nation dur- ing .the late civil war. The names of many of the citizens will be found recorded with honor in the Military Chapter of this book; and the following, from the Reports of the Adjatant-General of the State, notices at more length the veteran physician and surgeon of whom we have already spoken : Dr. John Benson, of Newport, was first commissioned as Surgeon in the Eighth Regiment, but declined. He was subsequently, January 23, 1863, commissioned as Surgeon in the Twentieth Regiment, and occu- pied that position until August 27, 1863, when, owing to ill-health, he was obliged to resign. That he folfilled his several and arduous duties promptly and efficiently is unequivocally declared in the testimonials of the Surgeons-in-Chief under whom he served. Lieutenant-Colonel Gilmore, in a letter addressed to the Adjutant-General, also spoke of him in the highest terms in the following language, endorsed hy Col- onel Chamberlain : "I wish to express to you, in behalf of the regi- ment and for myself, our respect for the character and appreciation of the services of our late Surgeon, Dr. John Benson, of Newpo-t. His kindness and discriminalion, and the unusual assiduity with which he applied himself to the duties of his office, rendered him exceedingly useful and popular with the regiment, while his marked ability gave him at once high reputation with other surgeons of the army. It is a matter of unusual regret that failing health rendered it necessary for him to leave the service." STATISTICS OF GROWTH. In 1809 Great East Pond Plantation had within its borders the handsome number of 94 families. The next year, by the official census, it had a population of 178, with the unusually large proportion of 44 polls. In 181 2, however, the total valuation of estates in the town was reported as only $544, with a tax for certain purposes of but six cents on the $100. There was a surprising growth in both population and wealth during the decade 1-810-20. In the latter year Newport town had 512 people, 114 polls, and an assessed valuation of $27,650. In 1830 the town numbered 897 people; in 1840, 1,138; in 1850, 1,210; in i860, 1,403; in 1870, 1,559; and in 1880, 1,451. It will be noticed that it has alrnost always and quite steadily increased in population until within the decade 1870-80, when in common with very nearly all parts of the county, it experienced a slight falling-off. The polls in i860 numbered 335, 394 in 1870, and 397 in 1880. The estates of the town in the same years, respectively, were valued at $250,534. $540,297 (more than twice as much as ten years before, a fact hardly paralleled else- where in the county), and $378,168. DISASTROUS FIRES. The extensive tannery of Messrs. Fisher & Southwick, at that time the largest in the State, went up in confla- gration in March, 1847. This was a severe blow to the business of the town, particularly as it was not rebuilt. In .September, 1862, Samuel Pratt's tavern and stables, a quite valuable property, were totally destroyed by fire. In 1866 several buildings at the village were burned, including the stores of Watson Cook, A. Hobart, and C. C. Oakes, the Masonic Hall, and two dwellings. There was no insurance upon any of these, except the petty sum of $200 on Masonic Hall. The valuable lumber mills of Messrs. Shaw, Tracey &• Co., were burned to the ground in x868. In July, 1877, the fine residence of ^V. A. Frye was burned, and in September of the same year the shoe fac- tory of Messrs. D. Dudley & Co. was similarly destroyed. INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS NOTES. There are some excellent farms in this town, among 438 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. which are noted those of Henry Marsh, R. H. Libbey, Samuel J. Allen, Levi R. Burrell, and N. B. Miles. The Newport Cheese Manufacturing Association was incorporated on the 4th of February, 1874- During the year 1878 fifteen tons of cheese were manufactured by it. The Newport Park Association was incorporated March 4, 1874. Other public or serai-public associa- tions in the town, besides the religious societies, are the Meridian Splendor Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and the Stevens Royal Arch Chapter; the Orient Lodge Independent Order of Good Templars, at Newport village, and the Dorcas Lodge of the same at North Newport; and at the same place the North New- port Grange, No. 196, Patrons of Husbandry, and a so- ciety of the "C. W. T." The Newport Savings Bank has been one of the most important institutions in the town. In 1877 it reported deposits and profits to the amount of $111,018.44. The manufacturing interests of this town are quite large. The carriage-makers, of whom there are two, have a particularly good reputation; some of their work, built forty years ago, still running in soundness and strength. There are also one lumberman (who has also a grist- mill), one maker of burial cases, two harness-makers, one firm of marble-workers, one boot- and shoe-maker, five smiths, one machinist and smith, one wool-puller, one painter, one stone-cutter, two dress-makers, and twenty-four persons or firms in various lines of merchandizing. There are five resident physicians, three lawyers, one notary, one dentist, one auctioneer, one barber, and one livery stable. THE TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1 88 1 were the following-named gentlemen: O. H. Judkins, Putnam Wilson, W. A. Lewis, Selectmen; F. M. Shaw, Town Clerk; E. R. Dow, Treasurer and Collector; Orel Dexter, Constable; John B. Marsh, School Supervisor; P. Whiting, Don A. H. Powers, J. W. Hobart, O. K. Rowe, Joel Richardson, Justices. SETTLEMENT NOTES. Jesse Rowe was born in New Hampshire in 1793, where he was one of the first setders of Newport, and came to this county as early as 18 18. He first settled on the farm now owned by John Nutter. He married Hannah Lane, a native of New Hampshire, and died in Newport in 1878. His wife survives him. He was the father of nine children: Julia A., Clymena, Rosetta, Paris K., HoUis J., Oliver B., Granville L., Hannah A., and Elizabeth. Paris K. was born in Newport in 1821, where he received a common school education. He was brought up on a farm, and was engaged in farming until 1873, when he sold out bis farm, and purchased J. H. Weymouth's stock of goods at East Newport, and engaged in the mercantile business, in which business he is now engaged. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace for the past two years, and is also Assistaat Postmaster of* East Newport. In 1854 he married Helen Burton, a native of Carmel. He is the father of two children: Mary E., wbo married J. H. Weymouth and hves in Newport, and Leon R., lives at home. V V James Babb was born on Cape Elizabeth in 1797 where he remained for several years. He married Ann Morton, a native of the same place, and came to Pe- nobscot county in 1835, and settled in Corinna.' He died m Corinna in 1839; his wife died in Corinna in 1837. He was the father of eight children: William H. George, James, Jr., Benjamin H., Leza, Sarah E., Lydia E.; Bryant was drowned at Pine Stream Falls. James Jr., was born in Penobscot county in 1824, where he re- ceived a common school education. He was brought up on a farm, and is now engaged in farming. In 1852 he married Clara A. Seavey, a native of Dedham, and is the father of three children: Florence H, who married John R. Clark, and lives in Newport; George S., lives at home, and Lorenzo D., lives at home. Moses Chick was born m Berwick, York county, Maine, in 1777, where he learned the carpenter and join- er's trade. He came to Penobscot county in 1806 and settled in Dixmont, being among the first settlers of the place, where he followed his trade in connection with farming. He held the office of Selectman and School Agent of Dixmont at different times. He was a soldier in the War of 18 12. He was twice married, his first wife being Jane Ferguson, a native of Kittery. She died in Dixmont in 1836, at the age of fifty-five years. She was the mother of ten children. His second wife was Lydia Wallis, who died in Dixmont about the year 1863. He died in Dixmont in 1851, after raising a family of ten children — Nancy, Thatcher, Calvin, Mary J., William, Albert, Edwin, Sanford, Sally H., Moses W., Alvm B. Thatcher Chick was born in Sanford, York county, Maine, in 1803. When three years of age he came to Penobscot county with his father and settled in Dixmont, where he received a common school education. He learned the joiner's trade from his father, and followed it in connection with farming for many years. In 1879 he came to Newport and settled on the farm on which he now lives. In 1832 he married Mary E. Furgerson, a native of Dixmont, who died in Dixmont in 1854. She was the mother of ten children. He then married Cyn- thia H. Furgerson, a native of Dixmont, and is the father of ten children. Albert was twice married. His first wife was Julia Baker; his second, Hester A, Reed. He died in Bangor. Lydia J. lives at home. Winthrop H. married Nora Fuller and lives in Boston. Angelia V. married Henry M. Brown and lives in Newburg. Charles W. died in Dixmont. Alvin M. enlisted in the First Maine Heavy Artillery, and was killed at the bat- tle df the Wilderness, May 19, 1864. George W. died in Dixmont. Calvin lives in Kansas. Mary E. died in infancy. Cynthia F. married E. A. Lord, and lives in Boston, Massachusetts. Jonathan Furgerson was one of the first settlers of Dixmont. He was born in Kittery in 1781, and came to Penobscot county in 1807, where he followed farming all his life. He was a soldier in the War of 181 2. He married Mariam Furgerson, a native of Kittery, and died in Dixmont in 1865. His wife died in Dixmont in 1870. They had a family of twelve children: Edmund, who was twice married; his first wife was Mary Bean, his HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 439 second Mary Lord; he died in Dixmont. Melinda died in 1826. Mary E. married Thatcher Chick and died in Dixmont. Lydia N. married Joseph Bassford and died in Bangor. Alvin T. married Mary A. Bissy and died in Dixmont. Abigail A. married WiUiam Bean and lives in Hudson. Daniel G. married Nancy T. Mclntyre and lives in Dixmont. Hannah J. married Philo Wright and lives in Pittsfield. Cynthia H. married Thatcher Chick and resides in Newport. Doratha H. died in infancy. William Turner was born in Reedfield, Kennebec county, in 1798, where he married Ann Bullion. In 1825 he moved to Somerset county and settled in St. Albans, where he remained until 1869, when he moved to Penobscot county and settled on the farm now owned by W. W. Turner, in Newport. He died in Newport in 1877. His wife died in Newport in 1875. He was the father of fourteen children, viz: Israel P., Sarah A., Napoleon B., Augusta, Louisa, John O., Elizabeth, Susan M., Hannah M., Harriet, Mary L., W. VV., Gilbert L., one died in infancy. William W. Turner was born in St. Albans, Somerset county, Maine, in 1838, where he received a common school education. He also at- tended the Pittsfield Academy a short time. He learned the trade of millman on Penobscot River and the shovel- handle trade at St. Albans. In 1863 he went to Mon- tana, where he engaged in mining and remained there nearly four years, and where he met with excellent suc- cess. In 1867 he returned to St. Albans, where he remained about two years, when he purchased the farm on which he lives in Newport, and in 1869 he became a resident of Penobscot county. In 1869 he married Clara A. Webb, of Palmyra, and is the father of three children, Hubert E., Lottie B., Carrie M., all of whom live at home. Walter Weymouth was born in Lisbon, Maine, in 177 1, where he married Polly Labarre. He came to Penobscot county in 181 7 and settled in Corinna, on the farm now owned by Buchanan Fisher. He was one of the pioneers of Corinna, there being but three or four families there at the time of his arrival. He died at Reedfield in 1837 while on his way to Minot, where he was buried. His wife died in Corinna in 1847. He was the father of eleven children : Walter, Mary, James, Franklin, Mercy, William, Betsy, Jonathan, Daniel, Thomas, Olive. William was born in Lisbon in 181 5. He came to Penobscot county with his father when but two years of age and settled in Corinna, where he received a common school education. He married Cyn- thia J. Gillman, a native of New Hampshire, in 1844. He is the father of nine children : Susan B., who married George Weed and lives in Lowell, Massachusetts ; Mary M., married William P. Moore and died in Corinna ; Joseph H., married Mary Roe and lives in East New- ,port; Uriah was a member of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry during the late war, was taJcen prisoner while on a raid to Vienna and was sent to Anderson ville prison where he died of starvation in 1864; one died in infancy; Charles, died when seven years of age ; Alta, died when four years old; Jessa, lives at home. David A. Gove was born in New Hampshire, and came to Penobscot county as early as 1801. He was one of the pioneers of the county. He first settled for a short time in Stetson, and felled a piece of timber on the farm now owned by Porter Wiggin, which was the first clearing done in that part of ;he town. He went from Stetson to Corinth, where he marriod Olive Knight, and remained thirty years. From Corinth he went to Illinois, where he died. He was the first postmaster at Corinth, which office he held for twenty-five years. He was a del- egate from his district to Portland, to help organize the then Territory of Maine into a State. After he went to Illinois he was appointed postmaster of Trivoli, which office he held until his death. He was the father of sev- en children — Daniel, Albert, Orville, James, David, John, and Betsy. Daniel Gore was born in Bangor in 1804. When two years of age he was adopted by Daniel Mat- thews, one of the first settlers of Stetson, who gave him a common school education and with whotn he remained until fifteen years of age, when he started out in life for himself. When eighteerL-years of age he purchased the farm on which he now lives in Newport. During the days of militia he held the office of captain of a com- pany for many years. He married Roama Blaisdell, of Sedgwick, in Newport, in 1825. She died in Newport in 1866. He is the father of five children: Narcissa L., died young; Sarah M., who married Horace Sunnbyand lives on the homestead ; Lucy Ann R., who married Erastus Staples and lives in Exeter ; Mary J., married Parker W. Cole and lives in Vassalboro ; Daniel, married Mattie E. Gore and lives in Marysville, Aroostook county. Alexander Quimby was born in New Hampshire. He came to Penobscot county in 1820, and settled on the farm now owned by Frank Hubbard, in Newport. He married Lovinia Pratt, a native of Bloomfield, in 1822. He died in Glenburn in 1839; his wife survives him, and lives in Corinna. He was the father of four children — Horace M., Esther A., James F., and William B. Hor- ace M. Quimby was born in North Newport in 1823, where he received a common school education. In 1847 he married Sarah M. Gore, a native of Newport. He is the founder of the Newport Grange, and was its first Master. The grocery store now at North Newport v^as first established at his house, where it was kept three years. He is the present Treasurer of the Grange. He was also Overseer of the Town Farm at Newport for three years, the .duties of which office he discharged to the satisfaction of all parties concerned. He traveled exten- sively through the Western States in 1857, and pre- empted a tract of land in the Territory of Minnesota. He is the father of two children: Alistor H., who is at Colorado Springs engaged in the manufacture of brick; Ella A, married Stillman J. Ridlon and lives at home. Colonel James Pattin was born in 1751, i" Brunswick, Maine. He married Hannah Floyd, a native of Surry. He came to Penobscot county in 1804, and settled in Stetson; he was. the fourth settler in the town. He pur- chased his farm of Major Stetson. While in Surry he was Colonel of a regiment of militia. He died in Stet- son in 1826. He was the father of ten children — Susan, 44° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. who married Wilbury H. Sweet; Mary, Sarah, Hannah, Martha, Jane, James, Matthew, David, Mary, Rhoda. James Pattin was born in Surry in 1793. He came to Penobscot county with his father, and settled on the same farm. He came to Newport about 1825, and set- tled on the farm now owned by James Pattin. He mar- ried Chloe Chadwick, a native of China, Maine, and he died in Newport in 1833. He was the father of seven children— John R, James, Nancy, Albert, Priscilla A., Eliza A., Elmira. James Patten, Jr., was born in Stetson in 1818. He came to Newport with his father when quite young. He married Priscilla Burrill", a native of Corinna; she had one child, and died in Newport in 1870. He then married Phcebe A. Clark, a native of Corinna, and is the father of one child, Lucy J., who married Calvin Gray and lives in Newport. John F.' was married three times — his first wife was Mary A. Pattin, who lived but a short time; his second wife was Lucy Burrill, and his third wife was Dorcas W. Gillraer. He died in Newport. Lawson G. Ireland was born in Newport in 1829. In 1846 he left home- and went to the Bosquire Academy, in New Hampshire, -where he studied a short time, when he returned to Nevcport. In 1848 he traveled through Pennsylvania and Ohio, when he again returned to New- port, where he engaged, in the mercantile business. In 1 85 1 he sold out his business and again started West. He again returned to Newport where he remained but three days, when he joined a party that was organized to go to California. In 1852, on account of the ill-health of his brother, he returned to his native place, where he remained two years. In 1854 he went to Bangor, where he followed the carpenter's trade, in which he was en- gaged about five years, when he removed to Amerest, and there remained until 1861, when he enlisted in Company E, Eleventh Maine Regiment of Volunteeers, and was mustered in as Orderly Sergeant of the company. In the winter of 1862, for meritorious conduct, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, and during the Penin- sular campaign he had command of the company. In July, 1862, on account of ill-health, he resigned his com- mission and returned home, where he remained two years. In 1864 he went to Clayton county, Iowa, where he engaged in the furniture business and also studied law, and in [869 was admitted to the Bar and com- menced the practice of law. In 1868 he held the office of Justice of the Peace of Monora. He continued the practice of law in Iowa until the winter of 1881, when he went to Florida and purchased property in the town of Welaka, where he makes his home during the winter. He has held the office of Mayor of Sibley, Clerk of District and Circuit Court of Osceola county. President of the County Agricultural Society, Director of the State Horticultural Society, and Secretary of School Boards for many years. He takes a deep interest in agricultural, horticultural, and educational matters. In 1854 he mar- ried Annie L. Kenniston, a native of Bradford, and is the father of three children, viz: Clarence C, who died in Newport in 1857; Annie C, lives with her parents; and Fanny M., lives with her parents. Daniel Ireland was born in Bloorafield in 1790. At the age of sixteen he came to Penobscot county with his father and settled on the farm now owned by Frank Ire- land m Newport. He married Hannah Carl, of Ply. mouth. He built the first dam and mill at Corinna in company with Joseph Ireland, his uncle. He remained in the mill business but two years, when- he sold out to the Moore Brothers and returned to farming. He was the first man in his neighborhood to take hold of the temperance society in Newport. He died m Newport in 1877. His wife died in Newport in 1869. He was the father of fifteen children, two of whom died in infancy — Fannie S., Osbert A., Daniel. E., John B., Hannah, Sarah P., EUvina, Addison O., Lawson, Lawson G., Sarah E., Francis M., Ovando W. In politics he was a Jacksonian Democrat until the organization of the Republican parly, when he became a Republican. Francis M. was born in North Newport in 1834, where he received a common school education. He also attended school at St. Albans a short time. He learned the carpenter trade of B. 0. Cutter, of Bangor, and followed his trade about six years in Bangor, but gave it up in 1858 and returned to Newport and settled on a farm. He has held the office of Selectman of Newport four years, and has been one of the School Committee nine years, and Road Commis- sioner one year. In 1854 he married Amanda J. Whit- ing, and is the father of one child^^Charles F., who married Olive J. Varney and lives in Pittsfield, Maine, engaged in the mercantile business The Newport Grange, located at North Newport, was organized in 1874. Its .first Master was H. M. Quimby; Philander Whiting, Sec- retary; Stephen Steward, Treasurer. Its present officers are F. S. Shepardson, Master; F. M. Ireland, Secretary; H. M. Quimby, Treasurer. In March, 1876, they opened a supply store at the residence of H. L. Quimby, but owing to an increase of business in 1880 they built the present store-room at North Newport and placed the business in charge of F. M. Ireland, under whose man- agement they are doing a prosperous business. They keep on hand a general line of goods at all times, such as is found in all well-regulated country stores. Although the business is just in its infancy their sales amount to between three and four thousand dollars per annum. Ira Shepardson was born in the town of Guilford, Ver- mont, in 1788. When eighteen years of age he came to Penobscot county, and first settled in the town of Exeter, He was twice married, his first wife being Eunice Was- son, a native of Penobscot, who died in Exeter. He then married Hannah B. Manson, a native of Massachu- setts. While in Exeter he held the office of Selectman several years; also as superintendent of schools .for two years. In 1826 he came to Newport and settled on the farm now owned by Ira Shepardson, Jr. He was ap- pointed the first postmaster of North Newport, which of- fice he held for over twelve years. His wife died in 1864, at the age of sixty-nine years. He died April 7, 1870- He was the father of seven children, three of whom died in infancy — John W., Sophronia, Ira, Jr., Hannah B, John W. was born in Exeter in 18 14,' where he remained until twelve years of age, when he came to Newport with HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 441 his father. When twenty-one years of age he entered into partnership with Ranney & Bickrel in the mercantile business at Stetson. Four years later he disposed of his interest and turned his attention to farming, in which business he is now engaged. He is the father of four children — Mary E., married Thomas Hinton, and lives in Newport. Laura E. was twice married; her first hus- band's name was Mark M. Fernald; he died in Newport; she then married Joseph Williams, and lives in Newport. John E., lives at home. Leroy, lives at home. He mar- ried Mary E. Bickard for his lirst wife; she died in New- port in 1849. He then married Harriet Weston ; she died in 1859. In i860 he married his present wife, Mary Ring. The Shepardson family are of Welsh descent, and were among the first emigrants to America, coming here in 1665. They settled in Attleboro, Massachusetts. Their descendants took an active part in the Revolution, the War of 1812, and the late war, and an active part in the organization of our Government. Rev. Robert Coburn, was born in Dracut, Massachu- setts, in 1773, and moved with his father when a small boy to Bloom field. He married Mary Parker, a native of Bloomfield. He came to Penobscot county in 1824, and first settled on the farm now owned by John Dodge, in Newport. He was a minister of the Calvinist Baptist denomination, and was the pioneer minister of Newport. He organized and helped build the church at North New- port, and was pastor of the church for over forty years; also to organize many other churches in the surrounding country. He was an earnest Christian, and devoted his whole life to the cause of Christianity. His wife died in Newport at the age of seventy-two years, and he died at the same place at the advanced age of e'ghty-two, re- spected and mourned by all who knew him. He took a deep interest in political matters and was one of the first members of the Free-soil party, and clung to those principles until the organization of the Republican party, when he became a Republican. He was the father of thirteen children — Sarah, Eleazer, Betsy, Mary A., Sa- rah, Loantha, Aaron, Naham, Samuel S., Daniel M., Lucy M., Fisher, and Aaron. Aaron Coburn was born in Bloomfield, Somerset county, in 1820. At the age of three years he came to Penobscot county with his fother. He has followed lumbering and farming all his life. In 185 1 he went to California via the Isthmus of Panama, where he engaged in the mining and lumbering business. After remaining there two years he returned to his old home, where he has since resided. In 1878 he repre- sented his class in the State Legislature. In politics is an earnest Republican, and takes an active interest in the prosperity of the party. He is a thorough-going farmer and is the possessor of one of the neatest farms in the J:own of Newport. He first married Sarah E. Brown, a native of Etna, who was the mother of three children; she died in 1864. He then rnarried Sabra A. Priley, a native of Waldo county. He is the father of six children -*-Mary H., married E. L. Richardson, lives in Newport; Lydia A., married Wilson D. Crowell, of Corinna; John M., Riley, Sarah E., and Frank R., live at home.. 56 William P. Main, born in Rochester, New Hampshire, came to Penobscot county at an early day, and settled on the farm now owned by Addison Small, in Newport. He was a farmer all his life. He was twice married, first time to Lydia Bradford, a native of St. Albans. She had four children, three daughters and one son, and died in Newport. He then married Betsy Snow, a native of Charleston. She had nine children, six daughters and three sons, and died in Newport. Mr. Main was a mem- ber of the Christian Church. He died in Newport in 1864. His children were: Betsy, who died in Aroos- took county ; Lydia B., who married Moses Rose, and lives in Aroostook county; Jacob, who married Harriet Wilson, and died in Chicago, Ilhnois; Mary A., who married Joseph Beckford, and died in Aroostook county; David S., who died in Detroit, Maine; Bradford, who died in Newport; Meribah L., who lives in Newport; Roof S., who married Isaac Goodsvin, lives in Winn; Hannah S., who married Hiram Rose, and lives in Illi- nois; Amanda M., who married Samuel Stimpson, and lives in Knox, Maine; Candelia C, who died in New- port; Eleanor, who died in Illinois; and William, who died in Newport. Putnam Wilson was born in Lyonsboro, New Hamp- shire, in 1 79 1. He married Fannie Hutchinson, a native of Wilton, New Hampshire, and came to Penob- scot county in 1826. He was captain of a company of militia in the War of 1812. He died in Newport in 1875, his wife died in 1864. He was the father of ten chil- dren — -Abiah, Harriet, Putnam, Jr., Phillip, George, Lydia, Fannie, Joseph, Charles, Hollis B. ; Putnam Wilson, Jr., was born in Wilton, New Hamp- shire, in 181 7. At the age of ten he came to Penobscot county with his father, and settled on the same farm. Has held the office of Selectman of Newport eight years in succession, and holds the office at the present time. In 1843 he married Marribah L. Main, a native of New- port, and is the fath'er of seven children — John, who mar- ried Marchie' Lancaster, lives in Stetson; Phillip, married Anna March, and lives in Newport; Flora A., married Robert Jenkins, and lives in Newport; Forrest A., lives at home; Emma, died when one year old; Emma (sec- ond), lives at home; Fannie H., lives at home. Dr. Byron Porter was born in Dixmont in 1839. He studied medicine with Dr. Porter, of Dixmont, and Dr. McRuer, of Bangor, and was graduated at Bowdoin Med- ical College in 1850. He commenced the practice of medicine in Dixmont, where he remained two years, and in 1854 came to Newport, where he has been in practice ever since. He has held the ofSce of Supervisor of Schools for fifteen years, and in 1855 and 1856 repre- sented his class in the State Legislature. He married Almina B. Adams, of Dixmont, and is the father of three children: Charles B., married Georgia R. Pulsifer, of Hancock county, and lives in Corinna, where he is practicing medicine; Woodbury H. Porter, is a telegraph operator on the Maine Central Railroad; William, lives at home. Samuel Benson was born in Middleborough, Massa- chusetts. He married Rebecca Hunt, a native of Mar- 442 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. tha's Vineyard, and came to Penobscot county, first set- tling in Carmel in 1798. He was a soldier and non- commissioned officer m the Revolutionary war, and took part in fnany of the engagements. He followed the hotel business during the latter [jart of his life, and built the first hotel in Carmel. He was the father of twelve children. He died in Carmel in 1848. His children's names were Asa, Abisha, William, Rebecca, Susannah, Samuel, Permelia, Joseph, Sallie, Peleg, Elizabeth. Hon. John Benson was born in Carmel, March 2, 1809. He attended school at the China Academy for several years, and from there studied medicine with Dr. James H. Brainard in China, and received the degree of M. D. from Bowdoin Medical College in 1831. He com- menced the practice of medicine at Newport in 1831. He has held nearly every office in the town ofNeAvport at different times, and in 1859 represented his class in the State Legislature, in i860 and 1861 served his dis- trict in the State Senate, and for three years was' a mem- ber of the County Central Committee of Penobscot. In 1862 he was commissioned surgeon of the Eighth Maine Regiment, but declined. In 1863 he was commissioned as surgeon of the Twentieth Mafne Regiment, but owing to sickness he was obliged to resign. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Chamberlain to represent the Srate of Maine at the National Prison Congiess, held in Cincinnati. He has been twice married. His first wife's name was Achsa Martin, a native of Newport. She was the mother of two children, and died in Newport in 1850. He then married Thersa A. Green, a native of Pepperell, Massachusetts, who became the mother of three children, and died in 187S, in Newport. William R., died at Newport in 1865; Mary, lives at Newport ; John, Jr., lives at Newport; Isabella, married F. E. Parkes, and lives at Pittsfield; Homer F.., lives at Waterville, where he is practicing medicine. Hon. Elliott Walker was born in Brookline, Vermont, iir 1822, and prepared for college atTownsend, Vermont. At the age of twenty-two years he entered Colby Univer- sity, at Waterville, where he was graduated in 1848. He then went to Brandon, Vermont, where he took charge of the Brandon Seminary as Superintendent, and remained two years. While there he commenced the study of law, which he completed with Boutelle & Noyes, of Waterville, and was admitted to the Bar in November, 185 1. The same year he came to Corinna, Penobscot county, and took charge of the academy, where he remained two years. In 1853 he came to Newport, opened an office and commenced the practice of law, in which business he is now engaged. He has held the office of Superinten- dent of Schools, Town Agent, and School Committee- man several years. In 1866 and 1872 he represented bis class in the State Legislature of Maine. In 1880 he was elected Probate Judge of Penobscot county, which office he now holds. He married Sophronia B. Coffin, of Waterville, in 1852, and is the father of four children: Harriet C, married Howard C. Atwood, and lives in Newport; Jane W., married James T. Troutman, and died in California; William E., at home; Edwin C, died in ;Newport when six years old. Peter Rowell was born in Brentwood, New Hamp- shire. He married Mary Harden, in Wolfsboro, in 1828, and came to Penobscot county and settled on the farm now occupied by his wife. He was a machinist and house-carpenter by trade. He died in New- port in 1863. He was the father of two children, Eliza J., who married David O. Trafton and lives on the old homestead, and Mary E., lives at home. David O. Trafton was born in West Gardiner in 1836. He is a machinist by trade and was in the employ of Oakes Ames for many years. In 1859 he came to Penobscot county and settled on the farm he now occu- pies in Newport. In 1880 he was elected a member of the State Legislature by his class on the Greenback ticket. In 1859 he married Eliza J. Rowell, and is the father of two children, Maurice E., lives at home, nad Mary E., died in Newport. Enoc"h Libby was born in South Berwick, Maine, in 1800. He married Sarah Lord, a native of South Ber^ wick. He came to Penobscot at an early day and set- tled in Newport on the farm on which he now lives. He is the father of three- children: Samuel, who married Hester Libby, of Orono; Richard H., who married Lydia Moore and lives in Newport; Charles R, married Albina B. Weeks and lives in Newport. Charles F. Libby was born in Newport in 1835. He attended the Newport Academy several terms. He was a lumberman on the Penobscot River for sixteen years, when he gave up the, business, and m 1871 purchased the farm on which he now lives and turned his attention to farming. In 1861 he married Albinia B. Weeks, a native of Thomaston. SamuelWeed was born in Tamworth, New Hampshire, in 1796. He was twice married. His first wife was a native of New Hampshire. He came to Penobscot county when quite a young man and first settled at Carmel, when he engaged in the business of tanning and erected the first tannery ever built in Carmel.: He came to Newport several years ago and built a carding' ■ and dressing-mill, and carried on the business : here in connection with his tannery. After running the carding- mill for several years he sold out and returned to Carmel. He held the office of Selectman several terms at Carmel. His first wife died in Newport. He married for his second wife Amanda M. Sanderson, a native of Stetson, Maine, who survives him and Uves in Newport. He died in Carmel in 1861. Their children were: Samueli Harriet, and George F. George F. Weed was born in Carmel in 1842. In 1865 he commenced the study of medicine with N. L. Folsom, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and took his first course of lectures at Bellevue Hospital, New York, in 1868, and his second course at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1869. In 1869 he commenced the prac- tice of medicine at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. '• From there he removed to Dixmont, Penobscot county, and then to Newport, where he opened an office. In 1869 he married Lucretia P. Harrat, a native of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and is the father of one child — ^MacyH. Atkinson Hobart was born in Canterbury, New Hamp- shire, in 181 6.- In 1839 he came to Penobscot andfirst HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 443 settled in Corinth, where he followed his trade, that of carpenter. While in Corinth he married May Kelsey, in 1 841, and removed to Newport, where he followed his trade about four years, when he returned to Corinth and engaged in the mercantile business. He then returned to Newport, purchased a new stock of goods, and en- . gaged in the mercantile business, in which he still con- tinues. He is interested in the banking business, and has-been Treasurer of the Newport Savings-bank; has held the office of Assessor two years, To wn Clerk six years. also the office of Justice of the Peace, and trial justice, for fourteen years. He at present holds the office of Justice of the Peace and Notary Public. He is the father of seven children: Rosetta C, married Otis Springer and lives in San Francisco, California; Mariah, died in Newport; Charles C., died in Newport; MaryE., lives in Newport; Fred, died in Newport; Katie, died in Newport; and John W., married Emily E. Chase, lives in Newport, and is Receiver of the Savings Bank. QRONO. DESCRIPTION. This town is of quite' irregular boundary, having, be- sides the angles produced by survey, the indented shore of Pushaw Lake on the northwest, and the line of the Penobscot upon its whole eastern or southeastern limit. It is bounded on the north by Oldtown and the Pushaw Lake ; on the east by the Penobscot River, beyond which lie the towns of Bradley and Eddington; on the south by Bangor and Veazie; and on the west by Glen- burn. Its greatest length, from the northeast corner, due east of the State College, to the west line of the town, is seven and one-half miles. The average length, however, is but about four. The extreme breadth of the town, from the angle in the north line, next east of Pushaw Lake, to the point formed at the southward by Veazie town and the river, is four and three-eighths miles. The westward part of the town has a width of less than two miles. Average of the whole, not far from two and one-half miles. Two miles' width of the waters of Push- aw Lake come into the northwest corner of the town; but they nowhere come in for the distance of more than three-fourths of a mile; and the entire surface of the lake within Orono can hardly be more than a square mile. A small tributary, heading immediately at the southwest corner of the town, reaches the lake from the south. The Penobscot receives in this town one petty tributary, which rises near the crossing of the Upper Stillwater road and the east and west road through the town, and flows nearly three miles in a southwest direc- tion to the river. Above and below some smaller streams come in; and a mile above its mouth, at the village of Orono, is the debouchure of the Stillwater nver, so called — a stream of importance, which is really but a side channel of the Penobscot, from which it de- :parts at one place a little above Oldtown Island, and again at a point abreast of that island, thus forming Orson Island, and thence by its southward course and junction with the main stream, forming the much larger Marsh Island, so named from an early settler and owner, upon which are situated Oldtown village, Pushaw, the State College, and a part of Orono village. The European & North American Railroad has about five miles of its track in this town, on the lower ground following closely the course of the river. Upon a route of general parallelism with the railway, and at an aver- age distance of less than a quarter of a mile from it, is the main river road on the west side of the Penobscot. Another river road, but a short line, hugging closely the bank, runs from the mouth of the Stillwater to a junc- ture with the main road in Oldtown, a little beyond the northeast corner of Orono. From the village of Orono, east Of. the Stillwater, a branch road connects the village with Uppef Stillwater post-office, Pushaw, and the north- ward. On the other side of the Stillwater, another road runs up that stream to a point a little way beyond Upper Stillwater, where it forks, one branch continuing up the river, and the other running sharply off northwest through the interior of Oldtown, soon reaching the neigh- borhood of Pushaw Stream. From Orono village, also, another road runs northwesterly to the Upper Stillwater and Bangor road, from which it is the only highway in an east and west direction through the remainder of the town. From a school-house on this road, half a m-ile from the west line of the town, a road runs south to the city of Bangor. Returning to the river road, another cross-line leaves that highway about a mile below the village, and strikes directly across the country to an intersection with the Bangor and Upper Stillwater road, beyond which it does not go. Half a mile below that, another wagon-road, running nearly half-way across 444 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. to the Bangor route, accommodates a small country neighborhood. The old work known as tlie Stillwater Canal, following the course of the river of that name, and intended to facilitate the passage of rafts into the Penobscot, is an- other important feature of the town. Notwithstanding the age of the country, it being among the first settled near Bangor, the settlements still, for the most part, cling closely to the Penobscot and the Stillwater. North and northwest of the triangle, two of whose sides are formed by the Penobscot and the boundary line of Bangor and Veazie, there is as yet but little settlement — or, indeed, much west of the Upper Stillwater road. Orono is a flourishing village, however; and the dwellings and farms below it on the Penobscot, and up the Stillwater on the west side, are quite nu- merous, as also on the next south road running into the interior. The Maine State College and farm, on the east bank of the Stillwater, about a mile from the village, have their history and description sufficiently detailed in our Gen- eral History. On the highway from Orono to Oldtown, on the east side of the Stillwater, and about equidistant from that stream and the Penobscot, is the Race-course. Just below Orono viilage is a good-sized island in the Penobscot, which is quite useful in the extensive lumber operations of that locality. The soil and surface of the town, in general, do not differ materially from those of other parts of the lower half of the county, west of the Penobscot. A BIT OF LAND HISTORY. "A Plan of the Lots Surveyed by Elihu Warner, A. D. 1794," very neatly drawn and colored, is appended to a little manuscript book of "Remarks on Township Number One, in the Third Range, situated on the west side of Penobscot River, surveyed into lots in the summer of the year 1795, for the Hon. Oliver Phelps, Leonard Jarvis, Esq., and Mr. ApoUos Hitchcock, by Seth Pease," which is in the possession of the Bangor Historical Society. The book itself has little interest, except, perhaps, as evidence in the litigation of a land case, being merely "coppyed from the Field Book, but in a different order, that the outlines of each lot may be found more readily;" but the subjoined map gives the names of residents or owners upon a number of the lots, with the amount of their several properties in the lands. We subjoin a list, be- ginning at the northwest corner, upon the Stillwater River, and now within the limits of Oldtown : William Tibbets, Jun, 134 8-160 acres. William Dunning, 115 r33-i6o acres. Benjamin Tibbets, 102 acres. George Tibbets, 105 26-100 acres. This tract was immediately opposite that of Benjamin Tibbets, on the east side of the steam. Just east of this piece, was an- other lot belonging to George Tibbets, containing 50 acres. Elisha Mayhew, 50 acres. Immediatelv south of the piece last mentioned, Mr. Mayhew had a second tract, measuring 62 >^ acres, next southwest of Benjamin Boobar's lot, named below. Major Robert Treat, 148 139-160 acres. Next south of George Tibbets's large piece. Benjamin Boobar, 76 98-160 acres. Opposite the southwest part of Major Treat's tract. John Capers, 141 41-160 acres. South of Mr. Boo- bar's. Nathaniel Mayhew, 100 acres. In a big bend of the stream, opposite John Capers's, and south of Elisha Mayhew's. This is the southernmost tract on the map. A number of tracts — two east of Dunning, containing 103 and 48 26-100 acres, respectively; one west of Major Treat, 117 acres; one south of the last, 100 acres' and a fifth south of that, also containing 100 acres^are noted as "vacant," or have no names of owners annexed. The lots are not numbered, but north of the whole is " Lot No. 54," east of which is " Part of Lot No. 53," south of that " Part of Lot No. 47," south of the whole plat "Lot No. 24," and east of that "Part of Let No. 23." NAME OF THE TOM^N. Mr. E. F. Duren, of Bangor, makes for this work the following note: It derives its name from an Indian chief, Joseph Orono, an able and friendly chief of the Tarratines, often at the head of deputations to meet Committees of the Provincial Congress in reference to the interests of the tribe. His mark, or signature, was the fac simile of a seal. His countenance was fair and beautiful, and in old age his hair was milky white. He died February j, 1801, aged one hundred and thirteen. Mrs. Mace gives the following tribute to his memory : Noblest among the braves was Orono, A kingly native, just, and wise, and true, To his dark brethren faithful, yet at heart The white man's friend. With clear prophetic view, Our larger work and destiny he knew. Worthy of honor — well do we bestow On this, his dwelling-place, the name of Orono. A full notice of this renowned Tarratine or Penob- scot chief is given in our chapter on the Indians of Maine. HISTORY OF THE TOVifN. Almost the sole authority for this, in print at least, is the invaluable Centennial Address of ex-Governor Israel Washburn, delivered at the celebration of 1874 in Orono, of which this distinguished citizen was formerly a resi- dent. The material for most of the following paragraphs is derived from the remarkably full and lucid pages of the Governor's production. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the year 1774 Jeremiah Colburn and Joshua Eayres were the first white men to settle in Orono. This settle- ment was made on wild and unimproved lands, five miles above any settlement. Two dwelling-houses were built and a saw-mill half completed, and two roads cleared— one to a meadow six miles away, and the other to the nearest inhabitants. A large tract of land was soon afterwards cleared and improved, and the saw-mill fin- ished by the assistance of others. In July of 1774 ^^^ i«^»<*'§ Residence of B. P. GILMAN, Orono, Penobscot County, Maine. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 445 buildings were begun, and in the following October the families of the two pioneers were moved into their new homes, where they remained till the succeeding Maj'. On that date, deeming it unsafe to remain on account of the depredations of the Indians, their families and effects were removed to the nearest settlement. Mr. George Ring, who was brought to this town in the year 1800, at the age of five years, gave it as his opinion that the first house was built in 1773 by Joshua Eayres; but his knowledge, coming from some informant, is more likely to be in error than statements made by Messrs. Colburnand Eayres themselves in a petition which they sent to the General Court of Massachusetts in 1776. Jeremiah Colburn built his house, according to the more recent statement of his grandson, William Colburn, Jr., on what is now Mill street, in Orono village, near where Wyatt H. Folsom, Esq., lived. The same in- formant locates Mr, Eayres's house on what is now Middle street, a short distance from the Universalist par- sonage, and nearly in rear of the Orono House. The first mill in the town, built by the same two men above mentioned, was on the south side of the Stillwater, near a small island, and not far from the match factory. Captain David Reed, at some subsequent date, built a saw-mill on the same spot. Esther Eayres, daughter of Mr. Joshua Eayres, was the first white child born in Orono. Her birth was on April 30, 1777. In 1800 Mr. Eayres moved to Passadumkeag, leaving his name to the island which has since become the seat of the most extensive lumber manufacture in the State, and also to the falls, which had been previously known as Penobscot Great Falls, and still earlier as Arumsumhun- gan Falls. Mr. Colburn continued in this town till the time of his death. It is believed that he was born in Dracut, Mass- achusetts, in 1726. His wife's maiden name was Fanny Hodgkins. During 1775 Mr. Colburn, while at Camden in charge of ammunition and stores, was surprised by a party of British soldiers, taken prisoner, and carried to Bagaduce (Castine). An exchange having been afterwards effected, he returned to Camden to find that his buildings had been entirely destroyed. His household effects, however, had been removed, and were uninjured. Mr. Colburn owned or occupied nearly all the territory upon which the main part of the village is now located, reaching up the Stillwater as far as the farm now belong- ing to Mrs. Eliza W. Wyman. He died in 1808, and was buried in the old cemetery near South Water street. John Marsh, then called the " Interpreter," was born in 1749, in Mendon, Massachusetts, and came to Orono in 1774 with Mr. Jeremiah Colburn, whose daughter t Sarah was afterward his wife. His title to the Indian grant of Marsh Island was afterward confirmed by the Com- monwealth, and he held his possessions undisturbed. Oldtown, Great Works, Pushaw, and portions of Lower and Upper Stillwater— altogether not less than five thou- s-tnd acres— are in that grant. Their aggregate popula- tion at the present time must be about five thousand. Captain Abram Tourtellotte, who was born in 1744, came to Orono from Rhode Island in 1781, and made his first settlement on the farm on the Bangor road which is now the property of Mr. Samuel Page. He lived on this farm thirty-eight years, and died there in the year 1819. Samuel White, born in Mendon, Massachusetts, in 1760, moved to Orono in 1784. He married Fanny Colburn, daughter of the pioneer Jeremiah Colburn, and first settled near Upper Stillwater, but soon after removed to the island farm occupied so long a time since by his son Daniel. Captain Daniel Jameson, a shipmaster, was a native of Freeport, Maine. About the year 1785 he came to Or- ono and married another member of the Colburn family. Miss Betsey Colburn. He was the father of Mrs. Wil- liam Colburn, Jr., and Daniel Jameson, well known in Otono for many years. Joseph Page, from Rhode Island, came to Orono soon after the close of the Revolutionary war. His settlement was made on the Bangor road farm now occupied by James Page. Antoine Lachance was born in Quebec in 1750 or 1 75 1. In November, 1782, he was married to Miss Sarah Buzze, and they probably moved soon after this to Orono. In a deposition given in 1837 Lachance says he had resided where he then did — on the southwest corner of the upper College lot — forty-odd years. He re- mained there till his death August 6, 1839. He was a "squatter" upon the northerly farm now occupied by the State College, but after living there twenty years he con- veyed the lot to James Harrison. Living on the same place another twenty years, he testified that his deed was worthless, and that the land rightfully was the property of Seth Wright, a resident of Northampton, Massachu- setts, held by a deed from John Marsh. Sometime before 1790, Robert, John, Joshua, and Joseph Treat removed to Orono from Frankfort, in Waldo county. Their business was lumbering and fish- ing. John moved to Enfield, where he died a few years ago. Robert was a business man in Bangor for many years. Joshua was "the great hunter" who erected his cabin near Fort Pownall in 1760, and is generally reputed to have been the first permanent white settler on the river. There are now no descendants of the brothers in town. As early as 1785 there came into what is now Oldtown a man by the name of William Lunt. He had a large family of children, some of whom afterwards remained in this part of the town. Several grandchildren are living there at the present day. In 1790 Mr. Abram Freese and his three sons — John, Retire W., and Isaac — came to Orono from Bangor. The father made his first settlement on the lot on the Stillwater road afterwards owned by his son, Retire W., half a century or more. As far as soil and location goes, this farm is considered one of the best farms in this part of the State. On this place the father erected the first frame building in Orono. He died here about the year 1800. 446 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. One of the earliest settlers was Captain David Read, who came from Topsham in 1793. In 1800 he put up the second frame house in town. This stood a few rods north of the hall, and was owned and occupied subse- quently by John Bennoch, Esq. The first tavern in town was kept here by Perez Graves, and here occurred the first meeting for the elec- tion of town officers, April 7, 1806. In 1786 he built the first mill where the stone mill now stands. Mr. John Read, son of Captain David Read, was chosen for one of the Selectmen at the first meeting after the incorporation of the tofl^n. George, another son, died here many years ago ; his son, Mr. Hugh Read, is the present proprietor of the Orono Hotel. Mr. Joseph Inman was the first occupant of the farm which was at a later date the property of John Read. Some of his descendants are in Orono at the present time. About 179s Andrew Webster settled in this town, from Salisbury, Massachusetts. He removed to Castbe when a young man, thence in the year 1771 to Bangor, where he lived near the crossing of Main and Water streets. In Orono his house was vfhere the residence of his grand- daughter, Mrs. Joseph Treat, now stands. The old home was removed in 1835. Of his large family but three set- tled in Orono. Captain Francis Wyman, who was a native of Phipps- burg, Maine, caine to Orono either in 1792 or the fol- lowing year. His settlement was on the Upper Stillwater road, on the farm occupied now by Elijah Wyman, his . son. Archibald McPhetres moved from Arrowsic, in the present county of Sagadahoc, to Bangor in 1771, and twenty-four years later settled in Orono, on the Bangor road. Four of his five sons remained as residents here. The name, which indicates Scotch descent, is sometimes written "McPheadris." Early in the history of Orono, some time before i8o6, William Duggans came as a settler. He owned a house somewhat off from the Bangor road and below the farm of Mr. John Read. He first lived on the place owned since by David McPhetres, this side of the "Mac Brook." At a very early day in the history of this town the name of Spencer was heard; but the persons to whom it belonged are not easily identified. Among them, how- ever, were two of the same name — Nathaniel. The one who lived here being smaller than the one living on the east side of the main river, was known everywhere sim- ply by the appellation, " Little 'Thaniel." There came from Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1798, one Ard Godfrey, who settled on the farm on the Stillwater road nearest to the Oldtown line. He was a mill-wright, and so his labor was in great demand. Dur- ing many years he was Town Treasurer. He was elected Constable and Collector at the first town meeting, which was held in the year 1806. The year following the April meeting- was held in his house. The first mill at St. An- thony's Falls, Minnesota, was built by his son, of the same name. George Ring, Sr., came to Orono in i8oOj and wheh Joshua Eayres removed to Passadumkeag, occupied the house which he had built. He was born in 1759, in Georgetown, this State. MUNICIPAL ORGANIZ.4TION. Previous to 1806, during certainly twenty years the people lived under the organization known as "Stillwater Plantation." This place seems first to have been known as "Deadwater;" but one Owen Madden, a discharged soldier of Burgoyne's army, who had spent some lime at Stillwater, New York, changed the name from '.'Dead" ; to "Still," as having a preferable sound. Mr. MaddenV seems to have been a school-master in Bangor and Orono. March 12, 1806, the Plantation became a town by an act of the Massachusetts Legislature entided "An- Act to incorporate the Plantation heretofore called Stillwater, in the county of; Hancock, into a Town by thai name of Orono." The act was approved by Governor Strong, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. After the incorporation of the town, the first meeting for the election of officers was called by Richard Wins- low, a Justice of the Peace residing at 01dtow%"by a warrant dated March 27, 1806, and directed to Andrew Webster, who was Constable. This meeting was held at the house of Captain David Read, in Stillwater village, April 7, 1806.. It is not recorded that any formal vote was taken to accept the act of incorporation, but that defect, if it were such, was cured by the equivalent trans- actions of the meeting.* At this first meeting $75 were voted for contingent ex- penses and $i,ooo for roads, to be paid in labor. Noth- ing was granted for schools,' but the next year $200 were voted and $50 in 1808. Forty-six votes were cast for Governor in 1 816. There was a lively scare all through this part of the country in the spring of 1814, when the Biritish were 0(^ cupying Hampden and Bangor. A town meeting was held in Orono, and the following resolve passed.; That we choose" a committee to make inquiry and to find out the intentions of the British towards the inhabitants of this town, and:if it appears to them that they intend to invade this town, to report the same to the inhabitants, and also to liave authority to call the inhabit-, ants together at the shortest notice possible, to determine what melhod shall be taken for the preservation of the persons and property of said town. Captain Eben Webster, William Coburn, Jr., and Samuel White, were appointed such committee; but they do not seem ever to have made a report. November 3, of the original year, at the third meeting held in the town, it was voted to petition the Court of Common Pleas to send a committee to lay out a road from Bangor to 'Mr. John Marsh's house. This meeting *The boundaries of the. new town were defined in the act as follow; Beginning at the northeast corner of Bangor, on the Penopscol Riw, thence by the northeast line of Bangor until it meets the southeast cor- ner of Township No. i, on the second range; then north on theeas line of Township No. i, in Pushaw Pond, to the northeast comf!|ofsW No. i; thence north to the northwest corner of the second quarter "' Township No. 4; thence by a hne drawn on the middle of the easiern channel of Penopscot River, so as to include the whole of the islaW called Marsh's Island, to the boundary first mentioned,, , ^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 447 was held at the dwelling-house of Mr. Andrew Webster. The fourth meeting was held April 6, 1807, at the house of Mr. Ard Godfrey. On the question whether the District of Maine should be separated from Massa- chusetts, taken April i, 18 16, there were sixteen votes for and four votes against separation. Another poll taken in August of the same year, brought out a vote of only eioht to five. Upon the final vote in April, 18 19, only four electors of Orono favored separation, and nineteen were opposed to it. Mr. Jackson Davis was unanimously elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. NOTES OF PROGRESS. Between the year of the town's incorporation and the the year 1820, its growth was extremely, slow. In 1820 the population was only 415 — an increase of sixty-four during ten years. Between 1820 and 1830 there was a more marked ad- vance in population than there had been at any previous time. The census of the latter date showed a population of 1,473- Mr. Perez Graves kept the first tavern in town, in the house afterwards owned by Mr. Bennoch. This was opened in 1812. In 1824 Mr. John Read built the tavern on Main street, subsequently known as the Stillwater Exchange. He was the first landlord. The Stillwater Canal Company was chartered July 6, 1828. It was intended for the passage of rafts from Upper Stillwater and above, to the Penobscot River below Eayres Falls. In 1835 it was opened for the en- tire distance. A part of it had been in use previously. . " Jonas Cutting, attorney at law, opened an office in the village in 1826. He could claim that he had been under the teaching of Rufus Choate, the latter having been a tutor in Dartmouth College when he was a student there. In 1829 a Quarterly Meeting of the Methodists was held at the house of Mrs. Daniel Jameson. Religion had been neglected during the earlier periods, but now began to receive more attention. The Methodist society here took the form of a strong, earnest band of workers. The Congregational people occasionally had preaching in dwelling-houses and school buildings. Between 1830 and 1840 the great land speculation oc- curred. Orono grew, at this time, in a most marvelous manner. The population, which was less than 1,500 in 1830, arose, according to the census of the Selectmen in 1836, to about 6,000, of whom nearly 1,900 were in this village. Lots in Orono were named at city prices, and the man who had not given a bond of village property, or did not already own some, became of no account whatever. In 1836 the village could boast of twenty-five retail shops. ♦ The Stillwater Canal Bank was incorporated March 21, 1835. Business began in the summer or early in the fall of the same year. The first President was Albert G. Brown, and the first Cashier, E. P. Butler. THE FIRST RAILROAD, ETC. A charter was obtained for the Bangor & Qldtown Railroad March 8, 1832. The organization of the com- pany, however, was not completed until 1835. A village corporation, for school and police purposes, and protection against fire, being authorized by a legisla- tive act of February 16, 1837, was organized and contin- ued until the final division of the town. In 1835 or 1836 a joint stock company, called the Stillwater Iron Foundry, was formed, and a foundry built below the old Sleeper tavern and uot far from the Ham- matt mills. The first manager was Mr. Haley. After the general collapse of 1836-37, the population decreased, goods were attached and sold at auction, and a widespread prostration of all kinds of business ensued. During this interval of stagnation Mr. Asa W. Babcock and Captain Samuel Moore engaged in a movement for a free bridge, and worked at the scheme with such energy that the bridge was planned and completed ready for travel in a few months. The bridge ran from near the old foundry site oi\ this side of the river, to a point on the island near the terminus' of the more recent railroad bridge. Some time before the year 1834, a brick school-house was built on the island, and a large wooden one was also erected near Mr. Josiah S. Bennoch's, the one now on Main street, near the Universalist church. The Congregational church, built by Messrs. Hugh Read and Israel Brown in 1833, was dedicated in the spring of the following year. The first settled pastor was Rev. Josiah Fisher. He continued till 1835. The lawyers of Orono before the year iS34were Messrs. Cutting and Perley, John H. Hilliard, Frederick A. Fuller, and Thomas J. Goodwin. The first murder committed within the limits of Orono was that of Reuben McPhetres by Isaac Spencer, at the house of James McPhetres, on the Bangor road, next below the "Mac Brook." Between the years 1832 and 1841 no other town was classed with this for Representative to the Legislature. The Representative in 1832 was Noah Nason. The mills situated on the island end of the Babcock dam were erected in 1832, destroyed by fire the following year, and rebuilt soon after. THE AROOSTOOK WAR. Governor Washburn has the following humorous re- marks upon the part borne by this town in the famous but almost bloodless conflict over the Northeastern boun- dary: From your proximity to the city of Bangor, wliere the expeditions were fitted out, and from which they moved, as well as from the fact that all the men and munitions passed through your village, and that it was on the line of the company of videttes (extending from Bangor to Masardis), — whose members, if they did not "witch" our Eastern "world with noble horsemanship," afforded an exhibition at which it gazed, and wondered, and smiled, — the excitement in town during the continuance of the "war" was, as will naturally be sup- posed, high-strung and unflagging. Rumors of battles, of the approach of Mohawk Indians and the bloody Bluenoses, were rife upon, your streets, but yet were unable to stifle the 'sense of the ridiculous and quench the love of fun that ruled the hour, breaking out now in disrespectful remarks at the expense of the glorious company of videttes— and martyrs; now in Otis Banks' offering a dollar for the head of Thomas Hill, a carpenter and English- man, Who was loyal to his native land; and again, in sending a crowd 448 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of anxious patriots and wonder-mongers from Whitney's bar-room to my office, to see General Wool, and where they were soberly introduced , by the graceless wag who had sold them, to Artegus Lypn, the colored man. In 1840, March 16, there was passed an act of division and incorporation of Orono and Oldtown, which had previously formed one town. The June following the census showed Orono to havea population of 1,521, Old- iown 2,345;— both towns, 3,866. In the division more than two-thirds of the territory was set off for Oldtown, leaving Orono one of the smallest towns in area in the State. Immediately following the election of the President in 1840, a gradual revival of business began to be evident. In this neighborhood it showed itself in 1843 and 1844, in greater demands for our great staple, lumber, and in the increase in value of timber lands. By 1847^ the im- pulse had grown into an active movement. February of 1843 saw effected an organization for building a Universalist Church, and on August 24th of the year following, the first Universalist society in Orono was founded. During the decade between 1840 and 1850 the lawyers in Orono were Frederick A. Fuller, Nathaniel Wilson, Israel Washburn, Jr., and Nathan Weston, Jr. The physicians during the same period were Drs. Ricker and William H. Allen. Ur. Niran Bates was in town for a few months. Although the. census returns of i860 showed a de- crease in population since the previous census, the in- crease of business and the occupation of more houses than at any previous date showed a wrong count at some time. The population in 1850 was given as 2,785. The Orono Bank was incorporated February 14, 1852, and organized for business the autumn following. Na- than H. Allen was the first President. A spacious and convenient High School-house was completed in 1851, Nathan H. Allen, Gideon Mayo, and Eben Webster, Jr., constituting the committee for building. In 1863 the Universalist society repaired and im- proved its church building. The Congregational church did the same by its own house of worship four years after that time. In 1867 a fine Catholic church was erected, costing six or seven thousand dollars. The Orono Savings bank was incorporated February 21, 1868, and soon after went into operation. In 1870 the census showed a population of 2,888 — 334 in addition to the 2,554 of i860. ADDITIONAL NOTES.* The first officers of the town were Allen Bliss, Town Clerk; Andrew Weber, Moderator and Treasurer; Rich- ard Winslow, Moses Averill, and John Read, Selectmen. The first physician was Daniel J. Perley; afterwards came Dr. Stevens, from China, Maine. Jonas Cutting, a native of Croydon, New Hampshire, who opened an office as lawyer in 1826, removed to Bangor in 1832; was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1854, and died August 19, 1876, soon *Mainly by E. F. Duren, Esq., of Bangor. after his term of office expired. Jeremiah Perley, author of the Maine Justice, was a lawyer here for several years. The Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr., came to Orono in 1834. He ably represented Maine as one of her Representa- ives in Congress from 1855 to i860; was elected Gov- ernor of Maine in i860, and was in office two years' was appointed Collector of the District of Portland and Falmouth October 24, 1863, and continued in office uniil 1877. Since 1864 he has been a resident of Port- land. In 1874 Mr. Washburn delivered the address at the centennial anniversary of the settlement of Orono, which was published with the other proceedings of the day. Charles Buffum was President of the Senate in 1871. The water privileges are abundant, and have been im- proved largely for the manufacture of lumber in all its forms. . Flour- and grist-mills are in operation, and es- tablishments for machinery, cooperage, oars, boats, etc. From 1832 to 1835, during the great land speculation, the population increased from one thousand five hundred to six thousand. Many fortunes were made and lost. This period led to great activity in trade and manufactures. The Bangor & Piscataquis Canal & Railroad Company was chartered February 8, 1833. Under this charter the railroad from Bangor to Upper Stillwater was built in 1835-36. The charter for the Penobscot Railroad from Milford to Bucksport, with a branch to Orono, was ob- tained in 1836. The Stillwater Canal Bank was incorporated March 21, 1835, and closed in 1842. The Orono Bank, incor- porated February 14, 1852, afterwards became the First National Bank of Orono, with a capital of $50,000. The Orono Savings-bank was incorporated February 21, 1868. Its deposits and profits for the financial year 1878-79 amounted to $33,323.13, and for 1879-80 to $29.37i-S3- The new and capacious Town House was erected in 1874, and dedicated upon the occasion of the Centen- nial anniversary. A Town House had been voted by the people as long before as 1824, but no money was provided for building it. The Poor House was voted m 1837- There are Congregationalist, Universalist, Methodist, and Roman Catholic churches in the village; two physi- cians, two lawyers, two notaries, nine justices, thirty-one merchants, and forty-five manufacturers. The associa- tions are the Meridian Splendor Masonic Lodge, and the Orono Lodge, No. g, of the Independent Order of Good Templars. There is also a Horticultural Society, which holds annual fairs. The State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, located in Orono, was established by act of Con- gress July 2, 1862, accepted by the Legislature March 25, 1864, and chartered February 25, 1865. It has a pleasant and healthy location between the Penobscot and Stillwater rivers, on grounds originally cleared and set- tled by a French Canadian. The Stillwater River flows in front of the buildings, forming the water boundary of the College farm, and adding much to the beauty of the surrounding scenery. The buildings comprise the Brick Hall, White Hall, laboratory, boarding-house, Presi- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 449 dent's, professors', and farm houses. The faculty consists of a President, seven professors, farm superintendent and steward. The results of study and farming, with me- terological observations, are taken daily, reported annu- ally to the State, and published. A much fuller sketch of this institution is given in the General History in the previous division of this work. SOME STATISTICS. In 1810 Orono had a population of 351, as already noted. In 181 2 it had 70 polls, estates valued at $1,378.70, and a tax of 22 cents on the $100. In 1820 Orono had 4r5 population, 100 polls, and $24,690 in valuation of estates. The remaining statistics of population, grouped rapidly together, are 1,473 i" 1830; 1,521 (after the separation of Oldtown) in 1840; 2,785 in 1850; 2,533 i"^ i860; 2,888 in 1870; and 2,448 in, 1880. Its polls in i860 numbered 442, its es- tates were valued at $343,069; in 1870 these figures were respectively 566 and $523,888, and in 1880, 558 and $512,524. The town ofScers in 1881 were: A. F. Lewis, Albert White, E. N. Mayo, Selectmen ; E. P. Butler, Town Clerk ; E. P. Butler, Treasurer ; Alanson Kenney, Constable and Collector ; George W. Brown, William Thompson, Solo- mon Gee, Constables ; N. Wilson, Samuel Libbey, Charles Buffum, School Committee ; E. P. Butler, N. Wilson, J. C. Wilson, Samuel Libbey (quorum), Elijah Wyman, Stinson Peaslee, J. C. Wilson (trial), Samuel Libbey, N. Wilson (dedimus) Justices. ■'• There is a very large manufacturing and business in- terest in Orono, which we have not space to detail. THE REBELLION RECORD. The return of State militia to the Adjutant-General in 1862 included a company from Orono, of which John W. Atwell was Captain, Charles W. Ross First, Elverton W. Butler Second, Charles H. Holt Third, and John E. Bennoch Fourth Lieutenant, and Frank Hamblen Order- ly Sergeant. The first enrollment of the Orono militia numbered 148, the second 221 ; 166 had entered the Federal service. The following biographical sketches of distinguished soldiers from Orono are taken from the Reports of Adju- tant-General Hodsdon : Brigadier- General James H. Carleton. — In Feb- ruary, 1839, during what was called the "Aroostook war," arising out of boundary disputes between the United States and Great Britain, this officer became captain of a company of Maine riflemen, and on the settlement of the dispute was appointed Second Lieuten- ant of the United States Dragoons. In March, 1845, he became First Lieutenant; served on General Wool's staff in Mexico; was promoted to be captain in February, 1847, and brevetted Major for gallantry at Buena Vista:- and after the war served on the Western frontier and in California and Utah. When the late civil war com- menced, he was ordered by General Sumner to Southern California. In September, 1861, he was promoted to be Major in the Sixth Cavalry. The following spring he raised a body of volunteers, known as the "column from 57 California," and marched with them across the Yuma and Gila deserts, through Arizona to Mesilla on the Rio Grande. He was appointed Brigadier-General of Volun- teers April 28th, 1862, and ordered to relieve General Canby in command of the Department of New Mexico. General Carleton is the author of a "History of the Battle of Buena Vista, and of the Operations of the Army of Occupation for one Month." Surgeon Alden D. Palmer, of Orono, entered the service originally as Hospital Steward in the Second Regiment of Infantry, in May, 1861, but his health not permitting him to remain, he received his discharge. Returning to Maine, he passed the winter and spring of 1862 in attendance at the medical school at Bowdoin College, from which he received a physician's diploma. On the 6th of May, 1862, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Second Regiment, which position he held until January 16, 1864, when he was promoted to Sur- geon of the Ninth Regiment, then stationed at Morris Island, South Carolina. During the summer campaign of that year he served as Acting Chief Operating Surgeon of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. In August he was ordered to inspect the hospitals in Maine, after which he returned to his regiment in November, remaining until February, 1865, when he was ordered to Wilmington with the Second Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, and placed in charge of a hospital. Here he was taken sick with a fever, and after a short illness died, March 20, 1865, at the age of twenty-eight years and five months. Dr. Palmer was unremitting in his efforts to alleviate the vast amount of suffering that came under his attention. All the responsible duties that fell to his . lot he dis- charged with skill and ability, making himself much be- loved by all who enjoyed his acquaintance. He died most truly and fervently lamented. Lieutenant Israel H. Washburn, of Orono, is one of the young men of Maine who, from a conviction of duty, when enlistments did not keep pace with the re- quirements of the service, came forward and encouraged patriotic action by enlisting in the Sixteenth Regiment. He was appointed second lieutenant, and was afterwards promoted to first lieutenant. The first battle of his reg- iment was at Fredericksburg in December, 1862; and his gallant behavior on that occasion coming to the notice of Major-General Berry, that lamented officer gave him a position on his staff. Resigning the service in June, 1863, he was subsequently appointed lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. Afterwards he was ordered to report on the United States steamer Rhode Island, the flag-ship of the West India squadron. The following is from the brief notes in the Roll of Honor published by Bowdoin College. Captain Foster was a graduate with the class of 1855 : Benjamin B. Foster was born in Orono in November, 1 831; studied law and entered on the practice in Lin- coln; mustered ■ in November, 1861, first lieutenant Eleventh Maine; detached as Assistant Adjutant-General on General Peck's staff, with rank of Major ; captain North Carolina loyal regiment. 45° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The following further notice of Major Foster is from the Adjutant-General's Reports : Benjamin B. Foster. — September 24, 1862. En- listed as private in Eleventh Maine Volunteers. No- vember 14, 1862. Commissioned by Governor Washburn as First Lieutenant Company I, Eleventh Maine Volun- teers. December, 1862. Detailed as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General First Brigade, Casey's Division, Gen- eral W. W. H. Davis commanding. April, 1863. De- tailed as Aide-de-Camp to Major-General S. Casey, com- manding "Second Division, Fourth Corps. July, 1863. Detailed to duty as Acting Aide-de-Carap to Major- General G. B. McClellan, commanding Army of Poto- mac. November 17, 1863, Appointed by President Lincoln Major and Assistant Adjutant-General, and as- signed to staff of Major-General John J. Peck, com- manding United States forces at Suffolk, Virginia, and served thereon at Suffolk and at Newbern, North Caro- lina, until May, 1865. May, 1865. Assigned to duty as Assistant Adjutant-General Seventh Army Corps, Major-General F. Steele commanding, headquarters at Little Rock, Arkansas. November 14, 1865. Resigna- tion accepted by President Lincoln. Another notice of an Orono soldier is included in Bowdoin's Roll of Honor, class of 1862: Delon H. Abbott, born at Orono December, 1838; did not prosecute his academic course ; entered the ser- vice as Hospital Steward August, 1862; was promoted Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon Ninth Maine. C. H. Fernald, A. M., Professor of Natural History in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, is the son of Eben and Sophronia Fernald, of Tre- mont, Mt. Desert, Maine. He was born March 16, 1838, and received his academic education at the Maine Wesley- an Seminary at Kent Hill, and at the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is not a college graduate, but received the degree of A. M. from Bowdoin College. He spent much of the time summers when a boy as a sailor, but attended and taught school winters until the breaking out of the civil war, when he entered the navy as a seaman, where he was promoted to Master's Mate, and afterwards to Acting Ensign. At the close of the war he was elected Principal of Litchfield Academy, Maine. He taught at Litchfield one year, when he was called to take charge of Houlton Academy, Maine, where he taught six years or until the fall of 187 1, when he was elected to the Chair of Natural History in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which position he has ever since filled. In 1862 he married Maria E. Smith, adopted daughter of Dr. Torsey, of Kent's Hill, Maine. They have one child, Henry L. Professor Fernald is at work upon a family of insects called the Tortricidse, from all parts of the world, having already secured by far the largest collection in the world. He has in preparation for the press a Monograph of the Tortiicidas of North America, A Re- vision of the Tortricidae of the World, and a Manual of Entomology for Agricultural Schools and Colleges. Many scientific articles have already appeared from his pen in the Canadian Entomologist, American Naturalist, Psyche, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, and the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine of London, besides various popularized scien- tific articles in our State papers. Professor A. E. Rogers, of the Chair of Modern Lan- guages, and Instructor in the Military Department of the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is the son of W. W. and Mary S. Rogers, of Hampden Maine. He was born April 21, 1855, ^t Ellsworth Maine. W. W. Rogers had five sons and two daughters of whom Allen E. was the youngest. After completing his common school education he fitted for college at Hampden Academy, Maine. He entered Bowdoin in September, 1872, from which he was graduated in 1876 After graduating he first taught at the Hampden Acade- my, where he was principal for three years, or until 1879, when he was elected to the Professorship of Modern Languages and Instruction in Military Tactics in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which position he is still filling. In 1880 Professor Rogers married Mary F. Butler, daughter of James H. and Fannie M. Butler, of Hampden, Maine. The Chair of Mechanical Engineering in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is filled by Professor C. H. Benjamin. Professor Benjamin is a son of Samuel E. and Ellen M. Benjamin, of Patten, Maine. Samuel Benjamin had two children who grew to maturity, viz : Charles H. and John M. Charles H. Ben- jamin was born August 29, 1856, in Patten. He received his academic education at Patten Academy; then went to West Waterville and learned his trade, being there three years, and entered the Maine State College of Agricul- ture and Mechanic Arts, August 8, 1877, taking a special course in mechanical engineering for one year. After this he taught school one year, and worked again in the shop where he learned his trade, in Waterville. In 1879 he went to Massachusetts and engaged in mechanical en- gineering, in the employ of the McKay Sewing Machine Association, where he remained one year, when he was appointed to the position he now holds in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 1879 he married Miss Cora L. Benson, daughter of Rus- sell C. Benson, of West Waterville, Maine. The Chair of Civil Engineering in the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is at present filled by Professor G. H. Hamlin. Professor Hamlm was born in Sydney, Maine, November 18, 1850. He is the son of Wellington B. and Philena Hamlin. Wellington Hamlin had seven children, four sons and three daugh- ters, of whom G. H. is the third. He received his academic education at Waterville Classical Institute, where he spent three years and entered the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1871, taking the full course in civil engineering and graduating in 1873 (having entered as a sophomore). He was ap- pointed Inspector in Engineering the same year he graduated, and in 1875 was Professor of Drawing and Field Engineering, which position he held until 1878, when he was made Professor of Mathematics and Draw- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 45 I ing. He continued in this position until 1880, when he was elected to the Professorship of Civil Engineering in this college, which position he is still filling. In 1877 he married Miss Annie M. Mayo, daughter of Gideon Mayo, of Orono. Professor Walter Balentine, of Orono, was born in Waterville, Maine, September 21, 1851. His father, William Balentine, was a native of Waterville, and mar- ried Olive Lowe, also of Waterville. They had four children, three sons and one daughter, viz: Edward, now of Campbell, Minnesota ; George, now in Waterville, Maine; Walter, and Florence, now deceased. William Balentine is a farmer and still living in Waterville. After completing his common school education Walter Balen- tine entered Waterville Classical Institute in 1868, where he remained three years, spending his summers at home on the farm. In 1871 he entered the Maine State Col- lege of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, where he was graduated in 1874, having entered one year in ad- vance. He taught for a part of the year after graduating and then went to Connecticut, entering the Wesleyan University, Middletown, taking the post-graduate course, and at the same time was Assistant Chemist in the Con- necticut Agricultural Experiment Station. He remained here two years, or until 1877. During this time he went to Kansas for three months, and took the position of Professor of Chemistry in the University of Kansas dur- ing the illness of Professor Patrick. , During the latter part of 1877 and the year 1878 he was Principal of the High School at Fairfield Centre. In August, 1878, he went to Germany to study Chemistry and Physics at the University of Greifswald, where he remained one year. He then entered the University of Halle, remaining there about one year, during the latter part of which he was Assistant Chemist in the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Province of Saxony. Returning to the United States in 1880, he was appointed Assistant Chemist in the United States Agricultural Department at Washington, where he remained till November, 1880, when he was elected to the Chair of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, a position he is well qualified to fill. He has brought to this college not only skill and ability, but, being yet a young man, has that energy and zeal in his profession so necessary to success in any department of human industry. Professor A. B. Aubert is the son of Conrad Aubert, of New York City, and was born April 27, 1853. He is the youngest of a family of five children. He received his academic education at the Imperial Lyceum of Stras- burg. After completing a course there he entered Cor- nell University in 1869, and took the full course in chem- istry, from which he was graduated in 1873. In February, 1874, he was elected to the Professorship of Chemistry in the Maine State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, which position he has since filled. Hon. B. P. Gilman, one of the most prominent men of Orono, was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, March 10, 1799. His father, Josiah Gilman, had five children, three daughters and two sons, viz ; John H., of this town; Asenath, Judith, Mary, the three latter de- ceased; and Benjamin, who is the oldest. Benjamin Gilman lived in Gilmanton until he was twenty-six years old, when he moved to Sebec, Piscataquis county, Maine, in January, 1825, and engaged in trade, but soon after- ward, added the business of lumbering and farming. There he lived sixteen years. While residing in Sebec he married Alice Morrison, daughter of Robert and Sarah Morrison. In 1841 Mr. Gilman moved to Orono, where he has since Hved. He has been engaged principally in lumbering, though he has a fine farm. In 1837 he was elected Sheriff of Piscataquis county, being the first elected in that county, and helped organize the first court ever held in the county. In 1840 he was chosen Elector and cast his vote for General Harrison. Again, in 1864, he was chosen Elector and cast his Electoral vote for Abraham Lincoln. He took a very active part during the RebeUion in sustaining the Government and breaking down the Rebellion, spending time and money, at one time having advanced over $20,000 to buy horses before receiving any of it back. He is now eighty-two years old, and is a hale man for one of his age, being able to do much business yet. A. F. Lewis, of Orono, was born April 20, 1841. His father, Ammon Lewis, was a native of Kennebec county, Maine. Ammon Lewis married Priscilla Wormwood, of Houlton. They had seven children, of whom A. F. is the third. Ammon Lewis has always worked about the mills, running machinery, etc. Mr. A. F. Lewis enlisted ■ in 1 86 1 in the First Maine Cavalry, remaining until- the time of his enlistment expired in 1864. He was in all the engagements of this regiment during the three years. After coming back to Orono he went to work in the mill running a lath machine, where he remained until 1872, when he opened a meat-market and grocery store on Mill street, Orono, in company with Mr. Holms. For some years past Mr. Lewis has been one of the Selectmen of the town, also Assessor and Overseer. In 1865 he mar- ried Augusta Lord, daughter of William Lord, of Orono. A. B. Sutton, who lives in Orono, but who now con- trols the mills which he built in Upper Stillwater in 1869, is a son of George and Nancy Sutton, of Hiram, Maine. George Sutton was a native of Limington, Maine, and had six children, two sons and four daughters, viz: Jane, now Mrs. Theodore Pingree, of Denmark, Maine; David, deceased; Arthur B., of Orono; Eunice H., wife of Mr. Quinn, of Baldwin, Mame ; Sarah, now in New Hamp- shire, a widow; Catharine, deceased. A. B. Sutton was born September i, 1825, in Hiram, Maine. His mother died when he was twelve, and his father sold the farm and the family became separated. A. B. lived with his uncle, John Sutton, of Parsonfield, until he was twenty, when he came to Oldtown and worked in a lath mill for his cousin. He taught school during the winter of 1845- 46 in Lagrange. In the spring he entered the employ of Boston parties to close out a stock of goods in this town. He afterwards attended Parsonfield Seminary and taught school several terms. He took a trip West in 1847, com- ing back in the fall, and entered into partnership with the late Colonel C. D. Jameson. This firm continued one year, when Mr. Sutton sold out and engaged in trade 452 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. alone, continuing until 1861, supplying teams and general trade. In 1861 he sold out, taking a farm in payment. He built the mills here in 1865 and in 1869, and has continued in the lumber business. He married for his first wife Almira Coombs, of Biadford, by whom he had six children, four of whom are living, viz ; Charles, now in the mill with his father; Maria C, now Mrs. Mont- gomery, of New Jersey; Fannie A., at home; George A., in State College at Orono. Mrs. Sutton died in 1866, and Mr. Sutton married for his second wife Elbra A. Smith, daughter of Colonel James Smith, of Bangor. They have one child — Lottie A. Edward Mansfield, of Orono, is the fourth son of Israel Mansfield, of New Ipswich, New Hampshire. Israel Mansfield married Susanna Wilson, of the same town. This couple had eight children, seven of whom lived to maturity, viz: Israel N., of Orono; Frederick, of Greenville, New Hampshire ; Addison, of Greenville, New Hampshire; S. Wilson, of New Ipswich, New Hampshire; Susan, deceased; Mary, deceased. Edward, the fourth son of this family, was born June 20, 181 1. He first learned the cloth-dressers' trade in Rindge, New Hampshire, at which he worked about seven years. In 1831 and 1832 he learned the blacksmith trade in Ban- gor, at which business he has since continued; he came to Orono in 1833, where he has since lived. He mar- ried Mary Cole, daughter of Deacon Ebenezer Cole, of Athens, Maine. They have had two children, one son and one daughter. The son only is now living, Edward W., who resides in Orono. The deceased was named Angeline M. Mr. Mansfield does the mill work, and makes and repairs driving tools. He is now seventy years of age, and has not lost a day for a year, which is quite a remarkable fact for a man of his age. Mrs. Mans- field died in July, 1879. C. B. Ring is the son of George Ring, of Orono. George Ring married Mary Lancaster, of Eddington, Maine. To this couple were born eight children, three sons and five daughters, viz.: Andrew G, Edmund T., Rebecca, deceased wife of W. H. Folsora, of Orono; El- mira, deceased; Elizabeth B., deceased; Mary J., now Mrs. B. Parker, of Portland, Maine; Harriet M., de- ceased wife of George W. Terry; and Charles B., of Orono. Charles B. Ring was born November 12, 1837. After receiving a common and High School education in Orono, he went into the confectionery business in Orono. In 1857 he went to CaUfornia, where he spent six years at mining, returning in 1864. On his return from Cal- ifornia he opened a store in Orono, and has since con- tinued in trade; his present place of business is on Water Street. He married Abbie L. Hill, of Dexter, daughter of Valentine Hill. They have now two children living, having lost three. The names of the living, are Virginia May][and Charles Harrold. Horace E. Hall, of Orono, was born February 6, 1833; he is the son of Oliver and Sarah Hall, of Bradley, Maine. Oliver Hall had eight children, of whom Horace is the oldest son and third child. Mr. Hall has always been engaged in milling business, having had charge of mills for twenty years. He now has charge of the Ham- mett Mill, of Orono. Mr. Hall married for his first wife Martha A. Willey, by whom he had one daughter, now deceased. Mrs. Hall died many years since, and Mr. Hall married for his second wife Clara A. Clark, daugh- ter of P. Clark, of Boston. They have had three chil- dren — James P., Minnie A., and George — all of whom are deceased. Mr. Hall has always been closely con- fined to his business, having charge of many men, and though not an eventful life it has been a very busy one. A. G. B. Mosher is the son of William and Freelove Mosher, of China, Kennebec county, Maine. William Mosher had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, of whom A. G. B. is the sixth son and tenth child; he was born June 13, 1832, and married for his first wife Susanna W. Perkins, of Orono, by whom he has had three children, only one of whom is now living — Charies H. Mrs. Mosher died March 25, 1862, and Mr. Mosher married for his second wife Mary A. Holt, daughter of Obediah and Perraelia Holt, of Orono. They have four children — Blanche M., Fanny B., Ada W., and Willie A. Mr. Mosher first engaged in teaming and ex- press business from Orono to Bangor, in which he has continued, though he spent three years in California He does the business of the Eastern Express Company here, though not their agent. B. E. Donigan, of Orono, is a son of Thomas and Mary Donigan, of Ireland, who had nine children, seven of whom grew to maturity, viz: Mary E., now of Boston, Massachusetts ; J. W., attorney-at-law at Bangor; B. K; Sarah A., now Mrs. S. A. Lawrence, of South Boston; Thomas H., of Bangor; Addie A., now Mrs. F. A, Wat- kins, of Providence, Rhode Island, and Albert R, of Orono. Mr. B. E. Donigan was born March 29, 1850. After completing the common school and high school course at Oldtown, he went into the mills there, where he worked until r878, when he entered the clothing store of John Farrel, of Oldtown, to learn the trade. After remaining here six months he again went to work in the mill. During the year 1869 he went into the clothing house of Hugh Gibbons, where he completed his trade, and went to Boston in 1873, where he remained for three months, after which he came to Bangor and read law with Chapman & Donigan for seven months. Receiving a good offer from Mr. Gibbons to come back and manage his business in Oldtown, he concluded to do so, and re- mained there until August, 1875. He came to Orono in 1875 and opened a clothing store, making manufac- turing a specialty. Mr. Donigan married Miss Eliza E. Conroy, of Brewer, daughter of Peter and Jane Conroy. They have one child, Marion G., now three years old, Mr. Donigan's store is located on the corner of Main and Mill streets. He has for years been the correspondent of the Bangor Daily Commercial, both from Orono and Oldtown. Hon. Charles Bufifum came to Orono in 1832 when a lad, with his father, Samuel Buffum, who for many years was prominently identified with the business interests of Orono, and who died here in 1859; had six children who grew to maturity, one dying in infancy, viz: David N., deceased; Albert C, deceased; Maria F., Charles, Gus- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 453 tavus G., and Julia A. Charles Buffum was born De- cember 25, 1820, in Palermo, Maine. On becoming of age he went into trade here in 1844, and in connection with this he became a manufacturer of lumber, which business he continued until recently. In 1868 he was elected to the House of Representatives of this State, and in 1869 to the Senate, being elected to the Presi- dency of that body in 1871. In 1875 he was elected a member of the Executive Council, which position he held three years, the last year being chairman of that body. He was appointed as one of the Commission composed of three men to examine and report to the Legislature as to the legal rights of voters in the Mada- waska region. That commission consisted of Judge Simonds, of Portland, Mr. Kimball, of Oxford county, and Mr. Buffum. In the fall of 1878 he was appointed j as Superintendent of the Reform School at Cape Eliza- beth, which position he held until a change in the admin- 'istration in 1879. Mr. Buffum married Miss Lydia S. Ordway, daughter of William G. and Sophia Ordway, of Orono. They have four children living, having lost one in infancy, viz: C. Frank, now of Bartlett, New Hamp- shire; Fred G., now of Portland, Oregon; L. Maria, and Annie G., now at home. In 1795 William Lunt came to Oldtown, what is now Upper Stillwater, from Bowdoinham, Maine, and settled. He had six sons — William, Joshua, Abraham, James, Judah, and Nathaniel. The youngest of these, Nathan- iel, the father of George W., of Orono, married Sarah Gregg, who is now living on the old farm at Stillwater. They had ten children, eight sons and two daughters, viz : Daniel, George W., James, deceased ; John, also deceased ; David and Jonathan, twins ; David died at the Black Hills, and Jonathan is now living in Wiscon- sin ; Alfred, now in Wisconsin; Richard, also in Wiscon- sin. The girls died in infancy. George W. Lunt was born December 27, 1818. In 1 844 he married Rebecca B. Crombie, daughter of Moses and Sophia Crombie, of Phipsburg, Maine. Mr. Lunt engaged in the lumber business when a young man, and has always followed that business, with the exception of three years he spent in California, from 1852 to 1855. Mr. Lunt has two children, one son and one daughter, viz : Annie S. and George C. He has held the office of Selectman in his town. His present business is a scaler of logs. John E. Dennoch, of Orono, is the son of Josiah S. Dennoch, who came here from Charlestown, Massachu- setts, in 1806. Josiah Dennoch married Lucy Webster, daughter of Colonel Ebenezer Webster, of Orono, for- merly Oldtown. They had three children, all boys, viz : John E., Daniel W., and Charles, of whom only John E. is now living. He was born June 17, 1836, and mar- * ried Mary J. Wentworth, daughter of Deacon Samuel Wentworth, of Veazie. They have had six children, of whom five are now living, viz : Daniel, Lucy, Charlie and Annie (twins), and Amie. Frank, the oldest, is de- ceased. Mr. Dennoch enlisted in the First Maine Heavy Artillery in 1863, serving six months until disabled at Fort Gaines, Maryland. He is quite extensively engaged in fruit growing, having a fine selection and many acres of trees. He is one of the Trustees of the County Ag- ricultural Society. Albert White, of Orono, is a son of Samuel and Mary White, of this town. Samuel White was the son of Samuel White, Sr., who was one of the earliest settlers here. Samuel and Mary White had six children, five sons and one daughter, viz : Albert, Rufus C, Daniel (deceased), Charles C, Fannie L., and Edwin H. Albert White was born in 1837, May 12. He received his edu- cation in the public school of Orono; has always been in the lumber business in some way, and is now superin- tendent and manager of Webster's Mill in this town. In 1862 he enlisted in Company I, First Maine Heavy Artil- lery, remaining until the close of the war. He was pro- moted from the ranks to the office of first lieutenant, serving in all the lower grades except corporal. Mr. White has served his town in all the offices in the gift of his townsmen, from the lower town .offices to that of Rep- resentative in the Legislature, serving in the latter posi- tion in 1876 and 1877. He is at present one of the Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor. He has also held the office of postmaster in this town. Dr. E. N. Mayo, who was born in Orono, is the son o John W. and Mary C. Mayo, of this town. Dr. Mayo was born May 15, 1837. After completing the course at the public school in Orono he prepared for college at Mattanawcook Academy, Lincoln ; he entered the Maine Medical School at Brunswick in 1857, and took his first course of lectures; from here he went to Washington, District of Columbia, and entered the National Medical College, from which he was graduated in i860, this being the medical department of Columbia College. After graduating he first settled in Houlton, Aroostook county, where he practiced from i860 to 1867, when he moved to Orono, where he has since resided in the practice of his profession. He married Lucy W., daughter of Dr. W. H. and Ann B. Allen, of Orono. The Doctor has no children. He has held a position on the School Board of this town many years, and is now one of the Selectmen of the town. Among the earliest settlers of Orono was Jeremiah Colburn, who came here from Pittston, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1774. He had a son, William Colburn, who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. His sister Fanny was the first white woman on the Penobscot, in this region. William Colburn had four sons, viz : Wil- liam, Jr., Jeremiah, Edmund, and Abraham. William Colburn, Jr., married Frances Jameson. They had nine children, only three of whoih are now living; James, Abraham, and John, all of whom live in Orono, on the old homestead. John and Abraham are not married. OLDTOWN. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Oldtown is one of the larger towns in the county, ex- ceeded considerably in size only by Lincoln, and not much smaller than Bradley. The length of its north boun- dary is but a trifle less than eight miles; it has a boundary of seven miles in the river Penobscot; its south line is but a little shorter than its northern, or seven and two-thirds miles; and its west limit is about five and one-fourth miles in length. The south line is very much broken, although it is maintained in right lines. It pushes east- ward in a straight line from the corner in Pushaw Lake but three and one-half miles, when it dips down at a right angle a few rods, and then slopes off southeasterly one and one-third miles. to the neighborhood of Upper Stillwater post-office, where it makes a sharp angle to the northeast, runs less than half a mile, then easterly again three-fourths of a mile, south about as far, and east again a little further to the Penobscot. There are thus six. breaks in the line, which is somewhat lengthened by its irregularity, and the town considerably . broadened. While its west line, as before stated, is only about five and one-half miles long, the extreme breadth of Oldtown, as measured from the south line of Argyle to the southern- most boundary near the Penobscot, is six and one-half miles. The north line of the town, nearly eight miles long, measures its extreme length, although it may be fully eight miles long on a line from Glenburn across the head of Mud Pond to the innermost part of the bend below Sunkhaze. Oldtown is bounded on the north by Alton and Argyle; on the east by the Penobscot and Milford beyond, with a strip oi Bradley east of its southern projection; on the south by Orono; and on the west by Glenburn and Hud- son. It is only distant by the width of the narrow part of Orono, a little over two miles, from Bangor. By its position, its numerous valuable waters, and its ancient settlement, it has peculiar advantages of growth and prosperity, which have been improved to a large extent, so that it has become the most populous town in the county, away from Bangor, being approached closely in this particular only by Brewer, and exceeded in the valua- tion of estates by only Brewer, Hampden, and Dexter. The waters of Oldtown are indeed a chief source of its prosperity. The finest power on the Penobscot is at the " Ounegan " or carry— the falls below Oldtown Island, —enough to make of Oldtown village another Lowell, if the requisite capital and enterprise were directed thither. Besides the Penobscot on the east front, with its great facilities for log-driving and booming, several miles of the Stillwater River lie in this town. This is not so much an independent river as a side channel of the Penobscot, flowing from the Boom Branch, another side channel leaving the present stream above Oldtown Island, about one and one-half miles from the village, flowing northwest two miles, thence abruptly turning south, and flowing southwest and southeast till, passing around and forming Orson Island, it rejoins the rive* just above Oldtown vil- lage. Near the original entrance of this channel, a sheer boom has been stretched diagonally across the Penob- scot, which turns all logs from the river-channel into that in which the Main Boom has been constructed. From the head of Marsh Island the waters of the Stillwater Branch proper flow southward from the Boom Branch, leaving the town by the sharp corner near Upper Still- water postoffice, and going one and two-thirds miles fur- ther to the Penobscot at Orono village. Near Pea Cove, and at: the northernmost point of the Stillwater, the Birch Stream comes in from between Alton and Argyle, having a flow of but three-fourths of a mile in this town. About one and- onfi'half miies further down, another watery con- nection with the Penobscot strikes off, which flows a mile and a quarter to the river nearly opposite the middle of Oldtown Island. The tract of land thus enclosed is called Orson. Island, this channel cutting it off from the much larger area shut in by it, the Stillwater, and the Penobscot, and which has received the name, from one of its early settlers and owners, of Marsh Island. Orson ' Island, unlike the other, belongs to the Indian reserva- tion; and although not inhabited by the tribe, it serves them usefully in the shore-rents obtained for its use in the operations of the lumbermen. These operations are very extensive and important in this quarter. The entire enormous product of the north woods, so far as it reaches the Penobscot, passes the front of Oldtown. The side channel from the river to the Birch Stream constitutes the main boom of the Penobscot Boom Association, where hundreds of acres of logs may be seen at times, undergo- ing the process of sorting at the hands of the stout and fearless boomers, or already snugly lodged in their proper places. This Boom and the Stillwater are fuU of islets, con- taining probably not less than a score and a half, few of which have any importance. Just at the junction of the stream with the lower connection with the Penobscot, be- low Orson Island, is a rather long and narrow islet, named from the famous old chief, "the blue-eyed Orono." On the other side, in the river, beyond a little island at the mouth of this connection, is the most famous of all the Penobscot islets, the Indian Oldtown Island. This, the only one of the scores constituting the Indian reservation that is inhabited by the tribe, to any large extent, is only one and one-eighth miles in full length and a little more HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 455 than half a mile in extreme breadth. The village of the Penobscots is thickly crowded together, with its neat Catholic chapel, the little convent of the Sisters of Mercy, and school-house and cemetery, at the lower end of the island, which looks closely upon Milford village on the east and Oldtown village to the southwest. It is a pleasant island, is favorably situated for habitation, and is believed to have been inhabited by the aborigines for ages before the white man came. Above it is a little island at the entrance to the Boom, and another some two and one-half miles north, opposite the corner of Ar- gyle and a little below Costigan Station. Just below it, ■ about the falls, are a number of petty islands, and one larger one, which is practically a part of Oldtown village, being much built up, traversed by streets and roads, and at the upper end by the track of the European and North American Railroad. ■ The only remaining stream of importance is the Pushaw, which flows from Mud Pond — a sheet of water in the central west of the town, about a mile long by lit- tle more than half a mile wide — north by a very winding course between two and three miles a little way into Al- ton, where it receives some tributaries and makes a bend, returning to Oldtown about a mile east of its place of exit, and thence flowing in a southeasterly direction, with a great bend to the northwest toward its mouth, in the Stillwater, a little below Orono Island. The southwestern part of the town, as already indi- cated, is occupied by a portion of the superb Pushaw Pond, which pushes over from Milford and Glenburn into Orono almost its entire width at the lower end. A length of this lake of three miles, on the line of the town, and a breadth on the south line of one and one-third miles, lie in Oldtown. Notwithstanding the large population of this town, its western half is still almost uninhabited. A very few ad- venturers have pushed in toward Pushaw Lake, on a "plug" road which leaves the northwestern road from Orono village through Upper Stillwater and the town, one and one-third miles above the town line, and runs west and northwest a little farther into the interior. The main road soon leaves the Stillwater above the Upper post-office, and by and by nears the Pushaw Stream, on the south side of which it runs to the close neighborhood of the north line of the town, where it divides into two branches, each going into Alton. The road has an entire course of seven miles in this town be- fore branching. For nearly five miles in its middle course it scarcely passes a habitation ; but there is a set- tlement of some size near the north line, where a good power on the Pushaw has prompted the erection of sev- eral mills and factories. This neighborhood has a public school-house. At Uppe» Stillwater this and the Stillwater are crossed by a northeast road coming from Bangor, through Orono, and going two miles further to Oldtown village. A well- settled road also runs from here up the Stillwater, which It leaves abreast of Orson Island, and makes off north mto Argyle, thus traversing the entire town. On the op- posite side of the Stillwater from Orono by the State College, a highway runs up the river to Pushaw, a settle- ment just below the mouth of the stream of that name. Here it joins a road from Oldtown village northwest through Pushaw and by two crossings of the Pushaw Stream to the long road on the south side of that water. At Oldtown village the west river road, so far as it fol- lows the Penobscot closely, is obliged to end; but it is renewed, by the road up the west bank of the Stillwater, from which an east road branches off three-quarters of a mile from the north line of the town, runs nearly two miles across the mouth of the Birch Stream, at the head of the Main Boom, until it nears the Penobscot again, when it pushes its way north into Argyle, and so on up the county. The European & North American Railroad has some- thing more than two miles of main track in this town. It has a station at West Great Works, which is situated op- posite Great Works village, in Bradley, and has a post- office of its own; and a more important depot one mile further at Oldtown village, whence it crosses to Mil- ford by a bridge over the Penobscot. Over this road to Oldtown Station, are transported also the cars of the Ban- gor & Piscataquis Railroad, which forms a junction with it at Oldtown, and runs west of north about five and one- half miles in this town, crossing Orson Island en route, and running into Alton. A mile before its exit it makes a station at the crossing of the wagon-road for Pea Cove, which station has a name to correspond. This is the only station of this road in the town, except at the vil- lage. The surface of Oldtown is generally level, though the town is not without some moderate hills and some ravines entitled to be called valleys. The soil is neither much better nor much worse, for the purposes of agricul- ture, than the average soil of Penobscot county; yet there are occasional tracts of rare fertility, and in gen- eral it can be cultivated with fair success and produces all crops known to this region. Some valuable orchards, bearing various fruits in large quantity, exist within the town. "The population of Oldtown," says Mr. Norton, "is composed largely of native-born Americans, with quite a sprinkling of Canadian, French, and Irish emigration, and for order and morality will compare favorably with any community of equal size in the State." INDIAN OLDTOWN. The most ancient history of this region connects itself directly with this locality. This, the lowermost island of the Indian Reservation, contains about three hundred and fifty acres, and is occupied by the remnant of the Tarratine or Penobscot tribe of Indians. Once claiming, as its original inhabitants, all the territory in the region on both sides of the river, by several treaties made with the English and Colonial governments they rehnquished a large portion, and in 1785 they yielded still more, re- serving only Oldtown Island, or, as it is supposed to have been called in 17 10, "the Island of Lett," and all the other islands, thirty-eight m number, in the river just above it. All the lands on the waters of the Penobscot h HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. river, above the Piscataquis and Mattawamkeag, were re- served for hunting grounds for them, not to be laid out or settled by the State or by individuals. A controversy • as to the possession of lands by the Indians having arisen in 1796, a new treaty was formed releasing, for a con- sideration in annual payments, one hundred and eighty- nine thousand four hundred and twenty-six acres. In 1820 they held two thousand six hundred and seventy acres, forty of which were under cultivation. The trustee fund is now about seventy-five thousand dollars, from which they receive about four thousand five hundred dollars annually. The first Indian Agent was Francis L. B. Goodwin, of Frankfort. The present number of Indians is four hundred and eighteen. They have a church (Roman Catholic) and schools taught by teachers from the Sisters of Mercy. The Indians cultivate the soil to some extent and many are hunters and guides. In the summer parties of them encamp at the seaside resorts for the sale of their baskets, moccasins, and other wares. We take the opportunity here offered to give further information concerning the history of the tribe, collected , since the chapter on the Tarratines was prepared. The Indians say the aboriginal name of this locality was Pannawanske (Pannawanskek, or Panamske, as it is variously spelt), meaning "it forks upon the white rocks," or "it opens (or widens) upon the rocks." Captain Francis, one of their later chiefs, said that the Penobscots removed from their seats further up the river, and estab- lished themselves here, with the thought that the swift waters would aid in their defense against the Mohawks. Judge Godfrey, however, thinks the settlement originated in a French mission, having a chapel and fort, with some habitations for the whites, about which the Indians sub- seqtiently clustered. He thinks it must have been an occasional camping-ground for the Indians for at least five hundred years, as one of them gave the tradition, and that it was probably old "Panawanskek" for about a century. On the 13th of September, 1617, a large number of canoes, with one hundred and twenty warriors, left here upon an expedition to a place near the mouth of the Kennebec. The Rev.' Daniel Little, commissioned on behalf of Massachusetts to deliver to the Indians the blankets and ammunition promised in consideration of their surrender of territory by the treaty made at "Sunbury or Condus- keag," in August, 1786, arived here in the performance of his duty June 21, 1788, and thus describes what he saw : Passed a western branch of the river to an island seven miles long [Marsh Island], walked upon said island through a trackless wood about six iniles, when Indian Oldtown, about two hundred acres, opened to view' with a thicket of houses on the lower point of said island, just above the great Falls. Immediately upon our arrival in open view of the town, a number of their canoes were manned with sprightly young men, in which they came over (about forty rods) to transport us into town. As we landed, their shore was lined with women and chil- dren. We walked up to their parade, about fifteen rods from the shore (a walk very smooth, about three rods in width, lined on each side with a range of houses, built with poles about six inches in diameter and the same as under, placed perpendicularly and covered very neatly with bark in shingle form), was introduced into their capital house by a waiter, who stood at the door. Only one sachem in the house of con- ference, who made us very welcome, directing us to take possession of one-half the room, twenty by forty, which was carpeted with fur. Verv soon came in all the sadiems and placed (Iiemselves on the opposite side, which being divided by two poles from one end of the house to the other; then about forty of their men of years placed themselves in rank next the sachems; and lastly an old man of about one hundred years, a former sachem, was introduced in memory of past years. Thev then fired a cannon abroad. ... The conference about four hours. Not a drop of rum by us or them while in the town. The conference began between S and 9 o'clock. About fifty, mostly their heads of families, who occupied one side of the house. Not a word spoke or a smile expressed by any of them, ex- cept their moderator or orator, and a few directing words by the coun- cil to assist their speaker. In the midst of the conference, about 12 o'clock, the bell rung, and they made a composed mental prayer for ' about ten minutes. When they appealed to Heaven as given them a secure right to the soil, all the sachems rose up from the ground on which they sat and stood in a posture for a minute, expressive of an appeal to the Great God, of the truth of their declarations. Four men were distinguished as their acting chiefs, viz: Orono, Orsong, Esq., Neptune-bovitt, Orsong Neptune. No women or children heard, through the conference. They declined giving us liberty to see the tribe paraded and numbered; but those who were most acquainted with the tribe judged, as they appeared on the shore at our landing, to be present about two hundred. In Wintabotham's Historial, Geographical, Commer- cial, and Philosophical View of the American United States, published at London in 1795, occurs the follow- ing notice of this place, a somewhat mistaken one, but which is the only one given to any locality in the present Penobscot county, except in the census returns of 1790; The remains of the Penobscot tribe are the only Indians who take up their residence in this District [of Maine]. They consist of about one hundred families, and live together in regular society at Indian Old Town, which is situated on an island of about two hundred acres, in Penobscot River, just above the Great Falls. They are Roman Catho- lics, and having a priest who resides among them and administers the ordinences. They have a decent house for public worship, with a bell, and another building, where they meet to transact the public busi- ness of their tribe. In their assemblies all things are managed with the greatest order and decorum. The sachems form the legislative and ex- ecutive authority of the tribe, though the heads of all the families are invited to be present at their public periodical m.eetings. The tribe is increasing, in consequence of an obligation laid by the sachems on the young people to marry early. In a former war this tribe left their lands, but at the commencement of the last war the Provincial Congress granted them all the lands from the head of the tide in Penobscot River, included in lines drawn six miles on each side — i. e., a tract twelve miles wide, intersected in the middle by the river. They, however, consider that they have a right to hunt and fish as far as the mouth of the Bay of Penobscot extends. This was their original right, in opposition to any other tribe, and they now occupy it undisturbed, and we hope will continue to do so till the period shall arrive when, mingled with the rest of the inhabitants, they shall form but one general mass. A benevolent society in Bangor, in the year 1823, en- gaged Mr. Josiah Brewer, then a teacher, and subse- quently the Rev. Dr. Brewer, an eminent missionary of the American Board to Syria, to undertake a school for the Indian children on the island. He made a hopeful beginning, but the enterprise could hardly be called a distinguished success. Judge Godfrey says, in a note to his article on The Ancient Penobscot; • He collected quite a number, and the parents did not object to his teaching them. Bnt as they had never been accustomed to restraint, he found it difficult to hold their attention long enough to teach them anything. They were like rabbits in their movements. They would sit and appear to be interested for a short space of time, then jump up and run away without regard to teacher or lesson— some did leara to read and write, however. After a few months Mr. Brewer abandoned his HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 457 enterprise. One of his pupils, Joseph Polis, is living and a house- holder upon Oldtown Island. Visitors generally make his acquain- tance.' When Dr. Ballard was State Superintendent of Schools, he visited Oldtown Island and found there a substantial frame school-house, and in it a school of from fifteen to twenty Indian boys and girls of all ages from five tp sixteen, under the charge of a young lady teacher from one of the neighboring towns. The scholars were as orderly and studious as those of many of our common schools, and were a vast improve- ment over those of Mr. Brewer near fifty years before — their grand- parents and parents, perhaps. Mr. Williamson's account of this place, written about 1831, is as follows: In later years, Indian Oldtown* has been their village and altogether the place of their greatest resort. Its situation is upon the southerly end of an island in Penobscot River, twelve miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, being partly cleared, and containing about 350 acres of very rich and mellow land. At the close of the American Revolu- • tion, the village contained between forty and fifty wigwams , about equally divided by a street five rods in width, which passed east and west across the island, quite compact on each side, and constructed after the old Gothic fashion with the gable ends towards the street. These slen- der cabins, which have been gradually decreasing in number, are usu- ally bulk and occupied by a family, including all the descendants of a father living, unless some of them choose to construct others for them- selves. Through a short avenue southerly from the main street is their church or chapel, forty feet by thirty in dimensions, and one story in height, with a porch, a cupola, and a bell. It is covered with clapboards, and glazed. Fronting the door within are the desk and altar, two large can- dlesticks, and some other articles of service, after the Catholic forms ; upon the walls behind are images of our Blessed Saviour and some of the primitive saints; and on the right and leit of the desk are seats for the elders. Otherwise the worshippers, male and female, who uniformly convene on the Sabbath, and frequently for prayers on other days when a priest is with them, both sit and kneel upon the floor, which is always covered with evergreens. But the present edifice, which has been built since the Revolution, is said to be far from comparing with their former one, either in size or appearance. Northerly of the chapel, twenty rods, is their burying-place, in which stands a cross, fifteen or eighteen feet in height. In its standard posti six feet from the ground, is carved an aperture, five inches by three in compass and four deep, securely covered with glass, enclosing an em- blematical form of the Virgin Mary with the infant Immanuel in her arms. At the head of each grave is placed a crucifix of wood , which is about three or four feet high, and very slender — a memorial borrowed from the Catholics. " The succession of chiefs of the Penobscots, for about a century is said to be as follows : Tomasus, or Tomer, during the French and Indian war. Then, soon after the close of the war, Osson, for iive or six years, and per- haps longer. He was commissioned a Justice of the Peace by the Colony of Massachusetts, being the only native ever appointed by the Government to that office. Then came the famous Orono, who long ruled the tribe and died at Oldtown at a great age February 5, 1802. His remains rest in the churchyard upon the island, un- marked, but near the cross standing in the enclosure. Aitteon, supposed about 1806-07, who stabbed himself in a moment of frenzy in Boston in 181 1. Joseph Lo- lan (or Loring), who died about 1815. John Aitteon, son of the former Aitteon, installed Governor September 19, 1816, with John Neptune Lieutenant-Governor or sub-sachem, and Francis First Captain. In 1838 they were deposed by a new election, in which the Openangos * Mr. Williamson's foot-note : "In September, 1S16, according to an account fa en, there were about twenty-five wigwams; again, in May, 1823, it was found ere were only fifteen or sixteen standing, the chapel dilapidated, the porch and Mil down, since rebuilt. Perhaps Oldtown is the ancient ' Lett. '-Penhallow's Ind,anWars,A.D.i7io. ■ The Island of Lett.'" . 58 and Marechites took part, and elected Tomar Soc Alexis Governor, and Aitteon, son of Squire John Osson, Lieu- tenant-Governor. March 16, 1839, the Legislature passed an act authorizing the biennial election of a Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, to serve two years, or till the choice of a successor. Many additional facts concerning these, as well as the older and later chiefs, may be found in our chapter on the aborigines, in the General History. An entertain- ing anecdote of Governor Neptune and his comrades is related by a writer in Voices of the Kenduskeag, pub- lished at Bangor in 1846, in these words : It has been the custom of the tribe from time immemorial to be rep- resented at the Legislature by a delegation consisting of one or more of their chief men. When Maine was connected with Massachusetts, they were regularly represented at the " General Court " in Boston; and if they could learn that Blake was to be in Boston at the sattie time, the delegation made it a point to put themselves under his direction. At one time the delegation consisted of six chiefs. Among them was Neptune, then a young man, and when in full dress a magnificent fellow. When they arrived in Boston they attracted much attention, so much that the proprietor of the Museum conceived the idea of mak- ing an honest penny out of the curiosity they had awakened. He ap- plied to Blake, and through him made an arrangement to have them visit the Museum, on an evening appointed. The public were duly advertised of the fact, and the rooms of the museum were thronged long before the hour of the arrival of the chiefs. On their passage into the hall , Blake, who was conducting them, overheard a young lady ex- press a desire to examine the dress of Neptune, which consisted of a splendid scarlet frock, confined about the waist by a girdle of wam- pum, Indian leggings or stockings, and moccasins, the borders of all which were beautifully wrought with beads. The General told her she should be gratified, at the same time warning her that after she had ex" T rr-^- . 41^ X 4* j,.u ^~■ Residence of EDWARD JORDAN, Stetson, Maine. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 493 sgrvjee. His efforts in this behalf will result in the t:nlist- ment,- aj: -trifling expense, of ; sufficient first-class> merj for aiegitpent in less time and at less costithati the same number were ever recruited in this St?tte by any one per- son. It is also worthy of note that all the meli 'of iMajor Clojidman's enlistment for this cavalry' send-ifeame through his influence a greater Amount! of m(3ttey>,£G"0m- paratively, to their families and friends than those -of-'ifh^ other organization from this State. . ~ ;' " ; ari.' ; TheJoUowing is a line from the Roll of Honor of!Bo»K doj'ti- College: • ::.. ... -vit srf bf" Class of 1868. — S. Fogg, Jr., was born irt Stetson in August,.' 1844.;. was second lieutenant United States Col- ored, Troops. Samuel Stetson was born in Randolph, Massachusetts, January 12, 1793. When nine years of age hrs father died and he was bound out, according to: the custom in those days, to a person by the name of John Mann, of Randolph, with whom he was obliged to remain until he was twenty-one years of age. Mann proved to be both cruel' and stingy, and owing to the fact that he was obliged to furnish two feet of wood for the use of the school, he kept Mr.' Stetson at home, and consequently his early education was. neglected; But after he at- tained his, majority he, succeeded in educating himself, and at his death he was perhaps as ^yell informed a man as -there was in the town.; In 181.9 he came to Pe- nobscot county and settled on the farm now owned by his son, Samuel R He purchased his farm from Major Amasa Stetson, the then proprietor of the town. On the 6th of November, 1821, he married Hannah, daugh- teref Dr. Thomas, Stow Ranney, then of Newport, but formerly of Brentwood, New Hampshire. He died in" Stetson, October 31, 1843. His wife, died in Stetson October 30, 1876. He was the father of four children: Iren^, who married Ralph C. Evlett, and died in Bangor^ in 1851; Rebecca, who married Henry V; -French, of Brockton, Massachusetts, where she now resides; Mary- A., who was twice married, first to Dr. John F. H. Turner, who died in Stetson — she afterwards married FrankUn 0. Howard, and now lives at Brockton, Massa- chusetts; Samuel R. was born in Stetson April 5, 1834, wherehe has lived all his hfe. When nineteen years of ' age his father died and left him the sole manager of the old. homestead, consistmg of about four hundred acres", and about t\yenty thousand dollars in personal property: In the summer of 1 88 r he purchased the Stetson water- power and saw- and flouring-miUs at the village of Stetson;- Dayid Abbot was horn in York county in 1789, where he lived nearly all his life and followed the trade of blacksmith. He was twice married. His . first wife's name was Irene Bowden. She had six children, and: died in York in 1823. He married for his second wife Mehitabel Shaw. . He came to Penobscot county in ■ ' 1849, ^and settled in Levant, where he died in .i8ji. ' His second, wife was the motherof one child. • She lived m York., He was 'the father of seven childre.n, -namely^ ■ Thomas, John, , D.avid, Abrahain, , James, Charlotte, '' Georjie..: Thotnas .Abbot, .was born; in Yorky. April 34,- '813, where he was educated, and when twenty-one years of age he came'to Penobscot county and settled on the farm now" owned By Lorenzo Ecles in Stetson. In 1837 he marrifed Elizabeth Pease, a native of Exeter, who died in Stetson 'i-Hi'87 6. He is the father of nine children : J6hn Evjiwht) married Almyria Ross and lives in Top- field,. M^ssiSch\isetts ; Irene E., lives at home ; Annette, who-rnarried- Charles Robirison and lives at home, Mr. Robinsdn- being dead ;' Charles H., lives in'Weriham, M^sSfetetisetts ; Amanda- O., wbo married William S; RalSdlfett' aM lives in Newport; Susan E., married Geotfe^^VV^ *Xeyes and lives in Stetson ;' Thomas W. ■ lives' &t .iW^e; ''Ffahk P., lives at home; Preston W., liv-es'!^4ff'Topsfleld,-Massaciiusetts. John H. Abbot was" a iiiembfeV Of' Gdmpiny G., 'Eleventh Maine Infantry, and served in the Army of the James, under General ButiS", tasdi'was pl-esenfat^ the capture af Richmond. H^:-i's''S?fg'a|fed in faririihg in Massachusetts. George W. Jbrdon was born in Cherryfield in 1813. He- came-'-to Penobscot coutity in 1823, and settled in Bangorj ivhere he received a corrimon school education; In 1836 -he married Elizabeth Pennington, of Sanger- ville; •■ He came to Stetson in 1838 and settled on the farm now 'ownfed by G. W. Shaw. ' He held the office of Selectnaah two years. His wife died in Stetson in 1878. He died- 'at the same place in 1879. He was the father of five children : Frances, John A., Henry, George O., Edward. John A. Jordan was born in Stetson in 1840. In 1864 he ehlisted' in Company G, Eleventh Maine Infaritryj under Captain Adams. The regiment was under Gontiiiiand- of Colonel Hill. He served in the' Arihy of the James tinder General Butler, and was pres- ' ent at the fall of Richmond. He was mustered out of service in- May, -1865, when he returned to his native place, and' in .1-866 he married S^rah J. CLark, a native of -Stetson, and 'settled on the farm on which he now lives; In 1^86 he went to California, where he purchased a latge tract of land and is engaged there extensively in farming in eonnection with his business in Stetson. He is the father of -two children, Horace G. and Fisher R; . Greenville- J. Shaw was born in the State of Massachu- settS'ih 1843:' Wheli eight years of age he came to Penob- scot county aiid settled at Dexter, where he received a ' common school education. He also attended' the Maine State' Seminary, at Lewiston, three terms, and is a- graduate of Eastman's Business College, of ' ' Poughkeepsie, New York. At the age of twenty he took charge of the tannery at 'Vernon, where he had charge of eighteen then, and in i866 he purchased one- halt interest in the business. In 1867 he purchased the Har-tlahd tannery in company with his father, and in the winter of 1868 and 1869, in company with his father, he purchased the tanneries at Detroit and Plymouth, which made four tanneries arid eighty men under his immedi- ' ate charge at one time. In 1878, during the scarcity of bark, he was obliged to close three of his tanneries, and ^ at present operates the orie at Hartland, where he has , fiftefen men' engaged; Ih 1864 he married Jennie M.' 1 Loose, a native of £)exter,- and is the father of five.chikj; drerii --Frankr., Rosa Tv, Alice J.;- Henry G., and Ffe'd- '' ' die E. (died in Vernon). 494 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Cream Brook Farm was first owned by Major Stetson, the original proprietor of the town of Stetson. It con- tains 640 acres of good land, well watered, and is peculi- arly adapted to grazing. In 1826 the Major made a present of the whole tract of land to Amasa Stetson, who improved it and remained in possession of the farm until about i860, when he sold out to M. I^ Rice, of Bangor, who was the first to convert it into a dairy farm. Rice kept from fifty to seventy-five cows. He was the first to develop the farm into a butter producing farm ; the butter manufactured by him gained the best reputation, perhaps, of any butter produced in the State. In 1870 Rice sold the farm to Charles Collins, of Aroostook county, who' remained in possession of it until he sold out to the pres- ent owner, Greenville J. Shaw, who gave the farm its present appropriate name. Rev. William E. Noyes was born in Abington, Ply- mouth county, Massachusetts, in 1828, where he received a liberal education. He entered the ministry in 1859, and was ordained a minister in the Baptist church" at South Auburn, Maine, in August, 1861. He has had charge of the Baptist churches of Sabattus, Leeds, Milo, Guilford, Bradford, North Newport, Corinna, Hartland, Stetson, and Kenduskeag. In 1874 he purchased the residence in which he now lives in Stetson, where he in- tends to remain the balance of his life. He was twice married, his first wife being Lottie A. Brown, a native of A.bington, Massachusetts. She died January 28, 1859, and in i860, October 23d, he married Alice J. Wood, a native of Stetson. He is the father of five children: Lottie A, who married C. R. Ireland, and lives in Stet- son; Lizzie S., lives at home; Lucia H.; Charlie W.; Willie B. Thomas Clark was born in Gorham in 1807, and came to Penobscot with his father in 1815. They settled in Stetson. In 1832 he married Ruth Wentworth, a native of Kennebec county. He is the father of five children, three boys and two girls — Orelia H. W., who married Brooklin P. Hubbard, and hves in Stetson. Samuel C, married twice. His first wife was Ann Perkins, who died in Stetson. He afterwards married Orae Menifer in Cal- ifornia, where he now lives and is engaged as an engineer on the Union Pacific railroad. Lemuel S. lives in Ne- vada, and is also an engineer. He maried Emma Coats, a native of New York. Sarah J., married John A. Jor- don, and resides in Stetson. Fisher R., marjied May Cosson, and lives in Stockton, California, where he is Principal of the Commercial College located at that place. When Thomas R. Clark first came to Stetson there were but few families in the town. PorterG. Wiggins was born in Wolfboro, New Hampshire, in 1814, and went from Wolfboro, when thirteen years of age, with his father to St. Albans. In 1841 he mar- ried Mary Uore, in the town of Harmony. In 1851 he came to Penobscot county, and settled on the farm on which he now lives in Stetson. He has repeatedly held the office of Selectman of his town, and has also held the office of Town Agent for many years, also the office of Road Commissioner. He is the father of six chil- dren-^Emma C, who married William H. Hurd, lives in Stetson; Eldora A., married Samuel Demeritt, and re- sides in Winn; Newell J., lives in Wisconsin, and k engaged in the lumber business; Ferdinand E., lives at home, and is engaged in farming; Georgia A., married Rev. F. W. C. Wiggin, and lives in Oldtown; Purdifta A., lives at home. Jeremiah Locke was born in Wakefield, N. H., in 1803, He married Elizabeth B. D. Seaver in Roxbury, Mas- sachusetts, and came to Penobscot county in 1834, settling on the farm now owned by C. H. Foster, in Stetson. His wife died in Stetson, at the age of sixty-nine years, and he died in Stetson in 1876, at the age of seventy- two. He was the father of two children — Addiee M., who married C. H. Foster, and lives in Stetson; George H., who died in Stetsofl, at the age of three years. C. H. Foster was born in the county of Uevonshife, England, in 1837, and came to America in i849)-in company with the Rev. C. L. Browningj: of Dixitiont, and remained in, his family five years. At the age of seven- teen he started out to support himself. In 1861 he enlisted in company K., Eleventh Maine Regiment, served three years, and re-enlisted for the balance of the war; he enlisted as a private, but for meritorious con- duct was promoted from the ranks to Corporal and Ser- geant, and in 1863 was promoted to First Lieutenant. While in the service he was in all the engagements of the Army of the Potomac under McClellan, and also went with Hunter on his famous raid; also took part in the siege of Charleston, and was second in command of the old "Swamp Angel," and while there joined Gen- eral Butler's army, where he remained until he was wounded. On May 18, 1864, he was severely wounded while charging the rebel works in fiont of Petersburg, and was mustered out of service in November, 1864. In 1861 he married Caroline Daymon, who died in Stetson in 1867; then married Adeline M. Locke, and is the father of two children — George H. and Sarah L Hon. James Rogers was born in Wolfboro, New Hampshire, in 1798, where he married Clarissa H. Wig- gin. He came to Penobscot county in 1833, and settled on the farm now owned by the Rogers heirs in Stetsoa He held the post of Selectman of Stetson several years, and also represented his class in the State Legislatur^two terms. He died in Stetson in 1879; his wife survives him. He was the father of fourteen children, four of whom are living: John, married Francis A. Hawes, and lives in Stetson; Mary A., married W. B. Ireland, and lives in Stetson; Charles, lives in California; Carrie M., married O. H. Shepley, and lives in St Paul, Minnesota; James W., Amanda, Sarah, Amanda, second; Samuel, died in Stetson. The Hon. John Rogers was born in Wolfboro, New Hampshire, in 1826; at the age of seven he came to Pe* nobscot county with his father, and settled in Stetson, where he had a common school education; he also at- tended the academies at Foxcroft and East Corinth for a number of years, and followed school teaching for some time. In 1853 he married Francis H. Haws, a native of Corinna. He has held the office of Selectman, Clerki Treasurer, andTrialJusticeof thetownofStetsoflfor mwy HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 495 years, and also represented his class in the State Legis'- lature in 1858, and in 1878 and 1879 was elected State Senator from Penobscot county. He is the father of three children: Lyman E., died in Stetson; Jessie H., lives at home; Seymore E., lives at home. William H. Ireland was born in Bloomfield in 1798, and in 1807 came to Newport, where he received a com- mon school education, and also attended the academy at Bloomfield three years. When twenty-one years of age he purchased a farm in Corinth, and followed farm- ing and school-teaching; in the latter he was engaged nineteen years. He also preached the gospel for forty- three years in the Christian church, and helped organize many churches in Penobscot county. His death oc- curred in Exeter in 1866. He married Mary Bean, of Corinth, in i82r; she died in Stetson in r87o. He was the father of four children — Sabinia, May J., William B., and Martha R. William B. Ireland was born in Corinth in T826. When eleven years of age he moved to Newport, where he received a common school education; he also at- tended the Corinth Academy a short time. At the age of twenty-two he engaged in the mercantile business as clerk for E. G. Allen, and afterwards for Plaisted & Co. in Stetson. At the age of thirty-one he purchased a new stock of goods and commenced business on his own account, in the room now occupied by his son, Charles R., in which business he was engaged twenty years. In 1877 he sold out his stock of goods to Charles R., and turned his attention to farming, in which business he is now engaged. He has held the office of Selectman of Stetson five years, and in 1877 represented his class in the State Legislature. In 1852 he married Mary A. Rogers, a native of Wolfboro, New Hampshire. He is the father of two children — Charles R., who married Lottie Noyes, a native of York, Maine, and lives in Stet- son; Edward B., lives at home; also has one adopted daughter, Addie M. Charles R. Ireland was born in Stetson in r854, where he received a common school education; he also attended the Maine Central Institute and Maine State Normal School at Castine, graduated at Eastman's Business College, in Poughkeepsie, New York, and in 1874 en- tered into a partnership with his father in the mercantile business in Stetson, which continued about two years, when he purchased his father's interest in the business. He was appointed Postmaster February 7, 1877, which office he now holds. He was also appointed Trial Jus- tice by Governor Connor, which office he now holds. In 1880 he married Lottie A. Noyes, a native of Maine. VEAZIE. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. Veazie enjoys the peculiar distinction of being by far the smallest town in the county, ft was formerly but the Seventh Ward of the city of Bangor, and was known popularly as North Bangor. Its longest line of boundary, that on the west, is but two and a half miles long. The northwest line, upon which the road from Bangor to Upper Stillwater and Oldtown, and known here as Still- water Avenue, runs, is but half a mile long. The north- east limit — like the other two mentioned, a straight line — is one and three-fourth miles long. The east line, in the river Penobscot, is one and five-eighths miles; and the south line, also described by the river, about one and one-fourth miles. The greatest length of the town, from the north corner, upon the Orono line, to the end of Thompson's Point, in the big bend of the river, is three miles; its greatest width, from the east corner, also on the Penobscot, straight to the west line, is just one-half the length, or one and one-half miles. The total area enclosed by the confines of Veazie is but four square miles, or 2,560 acres. No part of it, except what may lie in the Penobscot, is covered with lakes or ponds, or even by any stream more than two-thirds of a mile long. A petty tributary of the river just above the village, and another below Thompson's Point, are the sum-total of the internal waters of Veazie. At the village a dam has been thrown across the Penobscot, and is made to do ex- cellent service in supplying mills with power. This noble stream has an entire flow, past the east and south sides of the town, of about three miles. Veazie is bounded on the west and northwest by Ban- gor; on the northeast by Orono; on the east by the Pe- nobscot, and Eddington beyond; and on the south also by the river, and beyond it Brewer. Just beyond the south part of the west line of the town, stretches the mile-length of the beautiful Mt. Hope Cemetery. Veazie has very nearly the whole of the Shore Road within its limits — about two miles' length, entering at the southwest corner, and following the river pretty closely to the village, where it ends. It starts just outside the town line, at the southeast corner of Mt. Hope Cerae* tery, from the Orono Road, which enters the town from 496 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Bangor very near the Shore Ro&d, afid runs straight to the village; through the sOUthWest iMt-df that, and on to Orono and the river road below OWtown. Somewhat more than two miles of this road are ifl Ve^azie. Near the.extr:eme lower part of the village, 'b6IS#ihe dam one- fourth of a mile, the Chase Road brahches off from the Shore road, crosses the Orofto Road' ohe-third of a mile distant, and runs northwest' straigTif to the west line of the town, whence- it goes hMf a mile to a junction in Bangor with the Stillwater Avenue, The length of the Chase highway in Veazie is not quite one and three- fourths miles. Stillwater Avenue, which has a length in, or rather upon, this town of jiist the northwest boundary line— that is, .half a mile— is an important thoroughfare which makes pretty nearly a bee-line from the west side of the Park, in Bangor, aeroSs the country through Up- per Stillwater posf-office to Oldtown, where it crosses in- to Milford, and joins the great highway on the east side of the Penobscot. : The European St North American Railway has a length of two and one-eighth miles in this town, and makes', but one station here— that at the village. . : ; A "REMARKABLE "HORSEBACK," or low, broad ridge, composed mainly of gravel, the re- sult of glacial action far back in the geologic ages, begins in the bend of the river in this town, on the higher ground near Thompson's Point, and runs north and west of it for many miles. It is the same which we have noticed in the account of Lagrange, as intersecting that town and used for the bed of a county road, as well as for some fine farms. Its composition may easily be seen 'on the west side of the railway track, just before enteritig the village from the direction of Bangor, where it has been cut down to obtain gravel for ballasting the track; and some outlying mounds of it, or moraines, may also be seen on the other side of the railway, as one enters or leaves the village on the other side. THE SOIL OF VEAZIE ■. is a sandy loam, which is in high reputation as being excellently adapted to the' Cultivation of corn. Nearly a Century and a quarter ago, when Governor Pownall, with General Waldo'and their attendants, were visiting the country above the falls on the other side of the river, the Governor observed and noted in his journal the "clear land on the left for near four miles" — looking at the time, no doubt, across the territory of Veazie and be- yond. ' THE, INDIAN OCCUPANCY. This tract, over which Governor Pownall cast his sagar' ciouseyein 1759, while his earthivork was constructing at OldJort Point, down the river, was long known as "the Plains." It is believed to have been occupied and rudely cultivated by the Indians for their corn-lands from time immemorial.' Here, very likely,' was situated their ancient '^Negas." iNegas is an Indian town known near the close of the seventeenth century to have existed some- wbere-in fhe dominions of Madockawando, then saga- more of the Tarratines. It was mentioned to the chief at Quebec in 1692, by John Nelson, Governor of Nova Scotia, who was held a prisoner there, as somewhere "up the Penobscot," in connection with the establishment of a trading house; and it has been conjectured that it may have been the old village plainly indicated by remains on the west bank of the Penobscot, about three iniles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, at a place by the English called Fort Hill. Mr. Williamson says, but not correctly at all points : Here are the cavities of several cellars, and the remains of two or three broken stone chimneys. The site is a flat of elevated ground, with 4 gradual slope to the water, formed by nature,, an' eligible place for a fortification. Wh.en it was destroyed or abandoned, no account, either historical or traditional, gives as entire satisfaction. According to some reports, it was burned by the Mohawks; but, with much more reason, it is supposed to have been laid in ruins by a. party of North- east soldiery, alDout a century past. It was certainly inhabited since Europeans have visited the river; for in the tillage of the land the plough has turned out such things as the utensils of cookery, bullet- moulds, pincers, and other articles of hardware, which must have been the workmanship of modem artisans. The plaras in the vicinity, ac- cording to the statements of the oldest settlers, originally exhibited all the appearances of having been, at some unknown time, the corn-fields of the natives. ] THE EARLY HISTORY. of Veazie is altogether the history of part of Bangor, and will: be found sufficiently detailed in Jiidge Godfrey's Annals. It was formerly, as already noted, the upper portion of the Seventh Ward of that city, being that part beyond Mount Hope. About 1852 the people residing there desired a municipal government more conveniently near, and more distinctly their own; and on the 26th of March, 1853, the town of Veazie was incorporated by the State Legislature. It took its name from the well-known old settler. General Samuel Veazie, whose descendants are prominent residents of Bangor. He was the builder of the first railroad from Bangor to Oldtown — that which ran in the interior, back from the river, was laid with strap-rail, and had a station in Bangor, which still stands on the hill overlooking the Kenduskeag Valley, said by some to have been the first railway station-house built in New England. General Veazie built a fine residence at the village, and long continued to manifest a deep interest in fhe business and other affairs of the -town. POPULATION, ETC. In i860 the people in Veazie towft numbered 893. They were 810 in 1870, and 622 in 1880. The number of polls in these years, severally, was 146, r93, and 175. Estates in the same years, $139,992, $168,432, and $121,439. . RELIGIOUS NOTES, ETC. The Congregational church at this place was organized while it was "North Bangor/' on the i8th of June, 1838, Its pastorate has of late been vacant. The Methodists, Free Baptists, and Calvinistic Bap- tists also have societies here, but their puli)its are all vacant at present except that of the first-named, which was occupied in 1881 by the Rev, J. A. L. Rich, of • Orono. The other societies of the town are the Pine Tree, No, 1,326, Knights of Honor, and the Rural Grange, No. 207, Patrons of Husbandry. There was till lately also a Reform (temperance) club. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 4,97 At the village, besides a Union church, is the Town House. THE BUSINESS of the town is mainly comprised in two saw-mills, one millwright, three coopers, two carpenters, one smi. :,, and one boot- and shoe-maker, three general stored, C:.jt hotel, the Everett House, kept by Asa B. A\ aters, a;. one physician. PUBLIC OFFICERS IN 1881. N. Warren, Postmaster; A. J. Spencer, J. 11. Skinner, A. J. McPheters, Selectmen; F. L. Pratt, Toi.ii Clerk; J. B. Skinner, Treasurer; J. Kent, John McCuichy, Con- stables; R. C. Smith, School Supervisor; Nahura Warren, Trial Justice. Nahum Warren was born in North Yarmouth, Cum- berland county, Maine, January 9, 1806. His father, Samuel Warren, was a native of Somersworth, New Hampshire. He had eight children, five sons and three daughters, of whom Nahum is the oldest son. Nahum Warren married for his first wife Sarah Warren, of Ellsworth, Maine. She died, and Mr. Warren married for a second wife Clara Pullen, daughter of Dexter PuUen, of Waterville, Maine, Vv'ho has now been dead many years. Mr. Warren has six children living, viz : Granville, deceased; Selden, of California; Eugene, also of California; John, of Mt. Tom, Massachusetts; Clara, now Mrs. Sproul, of Veazie, and Eva M. Mr. Warren first settled in West Waterville, where he lived three years engaged in tanning and shoemaking. He lived a short time in Ellsworth, but moved to North Bangor, now Vea- zie, in 1835, where he has ever since lived, being en- gaged in the lumber business and farming, principally the former. Mr. Warren has long been one of the lead- ing men in' Veazie, serving the town as Selectman nine yeav.- in succession. He has been selected to represent hia class for. two terms in the Legislature, in 1863 and .'.; :ii!; in 1870. Has served as Postmaster seven years. "■'.'.:. i fiOw seventy-five years old. Vyiiiiam L, Clark is the son of John T. Clark, who moved to A'eazie when William L. was nine years old, from Calais, Manie. He was born in Brunswick, and lived in Jay and Calais before coming here. John T. Clark was boin April 26, 1826, and married Mary Tor- tolotte, af Eddington. They had twelve children, seven boys and five girls, of whom William is the second son and third child. William L. Clark married Olive Rob- inson, daughter of West Robinson, of Livermore, Maine. They have five children living, having lost two in infancy, viz: Charles H., now ofBronipton Falls, Canada; Cyrus R., of Charlestown, Massachusetts; Clara, widow of Isaac B. Hutchins; Fanny, now Mr. Edward K. Valentine, of Wisconsin; Abbie, now Mrs. E. S. Austin, of Hersey, Wisconsin. Mr. Clark first settled in Livermore, Maine, where he lived about three years engaged in farming. He then moved to Lexington, Maine, where he lived about three years, also engaged in farming. He then moved to Veazie, where he has since lived, engaged most of the time in mill work. He bought the farm where he now lives in 1869, nd since that time has been engaged in farm- ing. He is now seventy-five years old. WINN. DESCRIPTION. The town of Winn is forty and one-half miles nortb- east of Bangor, on the east side of the Penobscot. It is bounded on the north by Mattawamkeag, east by Web- ster Plantation, south by Lee, southwest by Lincoln, and northwest by the river, beyond which lies Chester. Springfield corners with it on the southeast, and Woodville ^ Plantation on the northwest, in the Penobscot, ' The greatest length of the town is a little over eight miles, from the west corner, on the Penobscot, to the east line; ^ the greatest width, five and three-eighths miles, on that line, which is very nearly maintained half-way across the town, to the breadth from the northwest corner, at the junction of the Mattawamkeag line with . the river, to 63 the south line. From this it nafruvvs steadily to a point at the west corner, at the junction of the river and the Lincoln line. The north or Mattawamkeag boundary has a length of four miles; the east line five and three- eighths ; the south or Lee boundary five and three-fourths; the southwest a little less than four; and theriver flows past Winn on the northwest about five miles. The Five Isl- ands, which formerly gave the name to the town, are below Winn village, about one-third of the way down the river-front. Below them are Brown, Snow, Gordon, and other islands; and above the village, adjoining the north- west corner of the town, is another small islet. The area of Winn is 22,040 acres. The track of the European & North American Rail- 498 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. road and the river road follow closely the bank of the river in this town, crossing and recrossing each other five times within its limits. Each has a length of more than five miles in the town. The Yailway makes stations at South Winn, near the west corner of the town,— which has School No. i, but no post-office or store,— and at the village. On the river road are School No. i, abreast of the Five Islands, and a mile further Winn station and post-office, which has Catholic and Episcopal churches, a public school-house, the Katahdin House, a large tan- nery, and the usual number of stores and shops. From it a road runs south and southwest four and one-half miles to East Winn post-office, and one and one-half miles further out of Winn into the angle of Lee, and across that to Springfield and eastward. Stages on this road connect Springfield with the railroad three times a week. East Winn has a post-office, a public school-house, saw- and shingle-mills, and a shop oe two. Roads run from it southwest into Lee, joining a north and south highway one-half mile from the west line of that town; also south into the same town, to Lee post-office and beyond. These and the others before mentioned, with a neighborhood road coming southeast from the river in Lincoln, run- ning for about a mile near the southwest town line in Winn, comprise pretty nearly all the highways as yet used in this town. Through East Winn passes the west branch of the Mat- takeunk Stream, which enters from Lee nearly two miles from the southeast corner of Winn, furnishes East Winn with a valuable power, and runs north and northeast about four miles further to a junction with the East Branch. Just below East Winn it has a small affluent from Ihe south, and half a mile further, from the west, another, which heads in three little branches in the south centre of the town. The East Branch comes in from Spring- field, just where that town corners with Winn, Lee, and Webster Plantation, and has a northwesterly course of some four and one-half miles in this town before it reaches the point of union with the west branch, one and one-half miles below the north line of the town. About the same distance before reaching the junction it re- ceives from the east a small tributary coming from the border of Webster Plantation. The Mattakeunk Stream, formed by the union of these branches, is a quite respectable water for breadth, but is only a few miles long, flowing due north and in almost a straight course to its mouth on the Mattawamkeag. This river dips below the Mattawamkeag line into Winn in two small arcs, that near the north corner only one- third of a mile long, and the westward one a mile and a ^quarter, its furthermost inner edge, opposite the mouth of the Mattakeunk, being only one-fourth of a mile from the north town line. Across the entire southwest part of Winn flows a trib- utary of some seven miles' length, which rises in Lee, and entering Winn a mile from the southwest corner, and flowing northwest about five miles in this town, it reaches its mouth on the Penobscot about midway between the village and the west corner of the town. A kind of lim- ited delta, of very singular shape, begins almost half a mile from the mouth, and is crossed by the rail- and wagon-roads. Not far from half-way across the town this brook receives from the southwest a tiny affluent, and a more important one from the same direction, which heads in two branches near the southwest line of the town, and flows altogether in Winn. Above the mouth pf the brook at intervals of about a mile, are three small tributaries of the Penobscot, and another a mile below. EARLY SETTLEMENT AND HISTORY.* Winn received its first settler as far back as when Maine left her now sister State, Massachusetts. Joseph Snow came from Arlington down the river in the early spring of 1820, made a clearing, and erected a log hut on the same lot where now his son Joseph Hves. He raised some potatoes, corn, etc., in the fall returned home, and in late winter or early spring of 1821 brought his family of four girls and six boys to Snowville, as it was for a long time called, on the ice of the Penobscot. Then not a house had been erected between Piscataquis Falls and Honlton. Indeed, their nearest neighbor was Penuel Shuraway, who lived a mile below Piscataquis River, in Howland. The snow came on in the fall of 1820 heavy and deep, so that on the family's arrival in 1821 the present Joseph was told by his father to dig in a plat of ground, now lying opposite the residence of Joseph Snow, between the highway and the European & North American Railroad, for some potatoes. He dug under four feet of snow and found the potatoes unfrozen and sound. His daughter Eliza died September 6, 1825, aged twenty years — the first death in town. She was buried in what was called the old Snow burying ground, on the Snow Lot No. 5, now cut off from the highway by the European & North American Railroad. In 4830 Rebecca Snow was married to Columbus Dunn — the first marriage within the precincts of Winn. Mr. Snow died in 1862, leaving many descendants in this section. In 1822 Ephraim Kyle came from Bradley and made a clearing and built a log house on what was afterwards Lot No. 8, where now David Bunker resides. One of his daughters, Elsie, married Alfred Gordon, and is the mother of a large family, most of whom reside in Winn. Mr. Kyle died December 8, 1841, aged seventy-six years. Jackson D. Kyle, a grandson, resides across the Penob- scot in Chester. In the upper part of the town Elijah Brockett made a clearing and erected a log hut on the lot where W. J. Reed now lives, but a short distance below the tannery of H. Poor & Son, quite near the shore. Traces of the stone chimney of his hut are still visible, the house hav- ing been burned down by an adopted son as his step- father was moving to Lincoln. A daughter of Mr, Brockett married a Mr. Perry, of Lincoln, and is still liv- ing. Mr. Kyle's death was caused by a landing of logs rolling onto him as he was getting them into the river. In 1823 Samuel Briggs came to Winn and took up * Th*; remainder of this chapter, except the statistical matter and the biographies, is from the pen of B. F. Fernald, Esq., a well-known at- torney and Trial Justice at Winn village. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 499 lots where now stand the Cottage House, Morley's Winn Hotel, and also the Michael McCue place. He was a bachelor and so remained for a long time. He built a small building, not over ten feet square, and traded with the Indians, selling them powder, shot, and rum, and buying their furs and skins. That was the only trading station between Oldtpwn and Houlton, but I do not hear that Briggs became very rich. When steamboat naviga- tion commenced on the Penobscot this landing was down at the shore, close by the Briggs store, but this was not till about 1848. Mr. Briggs afterwards married a Mrs. Miller, whose maiden name was Peabody, and who always claimed relationship with George Peabody, the London banker. Mr. Briggs died since 1870, a town pauper of Mattawamkeag, where he had resided for a long time. Soon after this Penuel Shumway, before spoken of, and his son-in-law, Ira Pitman, came and located on the Webber and Harmon lots, about half-way between the present towns of Lincoln and Mattawam- keag. Shumway and Pitman afterwards -removed to Minnesota, where Shumway died, three years since, at quite an advanced age. In 1830-31 the town was lotted off by Zebulon Bradley. In 1829 the Military Road had been extended through Winn, running towards Houlton. Before the Military Road was built their mail facilities were meagre and postal arrangements primitive. The mail was carried by boat on the Mattawamkeag, and thence by horseback to Houlton. Their post-offices were salt-boxes fastened to some object by the shore, and the mail-carrier was postmaster as well, at the several salt-box offices of the scattered settlements in the wilderness. In the old Snow burying-ground is the grave, though unmarked by any stone, of a Mr. Moor, the first mail-carrier between Ban- gor and Houlton, who was drowned at Slogunda Falls, on the Mattawamkeag. Moor's body and the mail-bag were found the next day caught in a boom of the Penob- scot, near where D. C. Haynes now lives, in Winn. A Mr. Dagget, who was with hlta, was also drowned, and was buried near Gordon Falls, on the Mattawamkeag, and till lately, if not now, a trace of the grave exists. It took four weeks to make a trip from Bangor to Houlton, which is now made in less than two days. The mention of Gordon Falls reminds me of a brief location on the confines of Winn and Mattawamkeag^ about which but little can be learned, as the memory of man hardly runneth to that period. Indeed, the most information I can obtain is from the wife of S. W. Coombs, of Mattawamkeag, which . is that her grand, father, John Gordon, about the commencement of the present century, built a mill on the Mattawamkeag, on what is now termed the Lower Pitch of Gordon Falls, he giving the name to the falls. The locas in quo appears to have been at the most eastern limit of lot B, in Winn, on the right bank of the Penobscot River, on land now owned by Benjamin F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn, Mr. Gordon having gone to the Province of New Brunswick about 181 2. The Indians, not liking the destruction of their noble forests, burned down the mill. His son, Alexander Gordon, was for some time largely engaged in sawing lumber at Still- water. Alexander's sister married a Mr. Jackins. After the lotting of the town and making the Mili- tary Road, many who came from distant parts of the State to work upon the road, located in this, the then Planta- tion No. 4, and in adjoining townships. In 1844 Thomas S. Ranney came from Stetson and became a quite active business man in the Plantation, serving as Clerk, Assessor, Treasurer, etc., keeping hotel in the Cottage House, near the Lincoln line, built by Captain Cyrus Fay but a short time before. Mr. Ran- ney died March rg, 1868, in Winn. His widow resides in Winn, a short distance below Winn village. Up to 1851 most of the settlements in Winn were on the Military Road, an'd by farmers where the best farming land in town was situated; all the farmers being, as is usual in new settlements, lumbermen a large part of the year. In 1846, July 30, an act of the Legislature was passed to promote the improvement of the navigation of the Penobscot River, authorizing William and Daniel Moor, Jr., of Waterville, to make improve- ments on the Penobscot above Oldtown. They not deeming it practicable, their brother. General Wyman B. S. Moor, received an assignment of the charter, built the steamer Governor Neptune, and ran her from Oldtown to Piscataquis Falls, commencing May 27, 1847. After making improvements at Piscataquis Falls, removing rocks from the channel, etc., November 27, 1847, the Governor Neptune was run over Piscataquis Falls to a place called Nicketow, now Medway, fourteen miles above Five Island Rips. Afterwards, except at very high water, the boat was run only to Five Island Rips, or rather the landing place of Five Islands, now Winn vil- lage, but a (ev! miles below the Rips. But for quite awhile before 185 1, when a hotel was built at Winn vil- lage by Paul Stratton, this landing place was opposite the Cottage House, hardly a dozen rods from the line be- tween Winn and Lincoln, where the Cottage House was kept by Thomas S. Ranney, and across the road from the hotel and nearer the shore resided Captain Cyrus Fay, the agents for the boats. Elisha Thurlow now resides there, having three or four years ago rebuilt, the Fay House having been burnt down. The pilot of the boat, and the first pilot on the Penobscot River, was David Bryant, a good pilot, but a hard-drinking man, and to his habitual drunkenness is said to be due the selection of a poor landing place for the boats, and eventually the loca- tion of the village and tannery and houses of H. Poor & Son upon a ledge hill adjacent to the steamboat com- pany's store-house, when but a half mile or less below, nearCoombs's Eddy, every circumstance would have been far more favorable for both landing and village. The in- terference of Veazie and others in the navigation of the Penobscot River led, in 1849 ^'^^ 1850, to a lawsuit be- tween Moor and Veazie, in which Moor was successful, and continued the navigation of the Penobscot till about 1857, when Moor, becoming involved with Dunning, of Bangor, in the building of part of the Maine Central Railroad, his interest was purchased by Joseph L. Smith, of Oldtown, who continued its navigation till bought off 500 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. by the European & North American Railroad Company. Moor employed the steamers Governor Neptune, Sam Houston, and the Mattanawcook ; while Smith built and employed at the time the steamers Aroostook and John A. Peters, and the steam scows Lizzie Smith and Nicatow for use in low water. This much digression has been given to a partial his- tory of the navigation of the Penobscot. as the settlement and growth of the present Winn village from 1847 to 1863, when Shaw, Tilson & Co. established the present tannery of Henry Poor & Son, was due to the steamboat navigation on the Penobscot River. In 1850, the navigation of the Penobscot having be- come assured on the successful issue of the Moor and Veazie lawsuit, Thomas S. Ranney removed from the Cottage House to the steamboat landing at Five Islands, built the small house on the ledge just east of the Katahdin House, and went into- trade, having- built in the fall of 1850, holding then, if not previously, the first post- mastership in Winn. In 1 851 Paul Stratton, a brother of Frink, who had settled in Chester a quarter of a cen- tury before, built a hotel in Winn village to accommodate the travel by steamboat and stage. And on those, very years that started the building of Winn village, operations were commenced five miles southward, at what has since become East Winn, on the falls of the Mattakeunk Stream, or rather the west branch of said stream, where Dexter, Phineas, and Samuel H. Merrill made a clearing, felling six acres of trees, having bought two lots of land containing where now is the upper dam and pond, and also the lower dam and mill stands, and also built a saw- mill and log house that fall. The log house stood very near where the Lee road intersects the Winn and Spring- field road. All this time the Merrills were residing in Lee, five miles distant, but in April, 185 1, Isaac J. Mal- lett, a brother-in-law of the Merrills, moved with his family into a logging camp and mill house. Mallett ran the mill for several years, and C. J. Boobar, another rel- ative of the Merrills, shortly after came. Afterwards Levi B. Merrill and Mallett put in a shingle and clap- board-mill, and in 1861 a grist-mill was added. About 1853 Samuel H. Merrill moved to Winn and ran the mill, and in 1875 S. H. Merrill rebuilt the saw-mill, mak- ing almost a model saw-mill, and now runs it. In 1877 a post-office was established at East Winn, and Samuel Merrill was appointed postmaster. In 1859 action was taken in the town to build the Winn and Springfield road, and in the course of a year or two that road was built— the only communication be- fore having been a road reaching the river near Joseph Snow's. Between 1851 and 1854 the inhabitants of Snowville, or River Township No. 4, were organized as Five Islands Plantation, Thomas H. Ranney being Clerk during its entire plantation existence; and on April 8, 1857, the town of Winn was incorporated in accordance with a leg- islative act passed the previous March. The warrant was directed by Joseph H. Perkins, of Lee, a Justice of the Peace, to Phineas Merrill, of Winn, and at that meeting Phineas I. Merrill was chosen Moderator; Thomas S. Ranney, Town Clerk; Cyrus J. Fay, Phineas I, Merrill, and Thomas S. Ranney, Selectmen; Paul Stratton Treasurer; Phineas I. Merrill, Supervisor of Schools- Jeremiah D. Webber, Collector of Taxes; Thomas S. Ran- ney, Town Agent. No. i, 2, and 3 school districts were formed, No. 3 then including the present No. 4, The black man had an office as well as the white man, John Barnett being chosen Fence Viewer. Still, they seemed to think the' Selectmen would bear watching, as Jonathan Coombs, Samuel Davis, and Thomas J. Boobar were chosen auditors of Selectmen's accounts. - The first town meeting spoken of above was called at the steamboat office, the warrant having been posted at the inn of Lewis F. Stratton, now Sheriff of Penobscot county, son of Paul Stratton. At a subsequent meeting held April 20, at the school- house in District No. i, near John W. Babcock's, Alfred Gordon being Constable, Lewis F. Stratton was chosen Moderator; $75 were raised for town charges and sup- port of poor; education was encouraged by raising $100 for the support of schools, and $300 for highways. In 1855 the list of voters in the Plantation numbered 32, and August 20, 1857, the first year of its existence as a town, they numbered but 36 voters. At their fall election of 1857, their vote for Governor was: Lot M. Morrill, 30, Manasseh H. Smith, 6, which proportion was maintained for all the other candidates, when Thomas S. Ranney had 28 votes, and James C. Emerson 7, for Representative to the Legislature. At the following spring's town meeting the modest bills of the officers contrasted strangely with the bills of the municipal officers of Winn of a later date, they being; , C. J. Fay, Selectman $ii 29 Phineas I. Merrill, Selectman 5 00 T. S. Ranney, Selectman and Supervisor 6 00 Thomas S. Ranney, Clerk 3 °° Paul Stratton, Treasurer 3 °° Alfred Gordon, Constable 4 o" Total $32 29 In 1858 $75 only was raised for town charges and the poor, while $150 was raised for schools, an increase which portended much good. In 1858 the inhabitants of Winn voted on the liquor ■ law, eight for the prohibitory law and five for license. In 1859 George H. Haynes was chosen Town Clerk, which position he held every year until 1867. For quite a long time Thomas Ranney, one of the most active business men in town, was their First Select- man, and he was esteemed a veritable town father. He died in the spring of 1868. In 1863 the business and population of Winn re- ceived a large impetus by the tailnery, store, and dwelling- houses of Shaw, Tilson & Co., composed of the since extensive tanning firm of Shaw Brothers, well known in Eastern Maine and Canada, Charles W. Tilson, at pres- ent manager of a tannery of Shaw Brothers in Canada, and the company being the present firm of H. Poor & Son, of Boston. They commenced operations in the fall of 1863; built a tannery seven hundred feet long, store- houses, and tenement-houses, to the value of $60,000, Residence of NICHOLAS R, HUSTON, Winn, Penobscot Co. Me, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 501 and bought a large part of the town of Winn and W'ood- ville. Previous to this, in 1857, George R. Davis and Sam- uel Davis, Jr., built the house which is now occupied by Mrs. L. J. Blakemore, milUner, went into trade, and afterwards failed. In 1859 William Willy and George H. Haynes were trading in the Davis store, as Willy & Haynes, and afterwards sold to Joseph L. Smith of Old- town, and Smith and Haynes traded as J. L. Smith & Company from 1861 to 1863, when_Shaw, Tilson & Company, tanners, bought out Smith, having built the present company store, where now trades Thaddeus R. Joy, formerly of Sebec, Maine. Shaw, Tilson & Com- pany continued in trade, with George H. Haynes man- ager, till 1B67, when they sold to IngersoU & Coborn, who were succeeded by J. C. Grant & Company, then by Hall, Chase & Lovejoy, and they by T. R. Joy & Company, the company being Wilbur F. Lovejoy, who retired in 1880, leaving T. R. Joy, now in trade. In 1865 Abner B. Chase became agent for the boat com- pany, and in company with James Butterfield, of Spring- field, arvd Horatio Gates, of Lincoln (deceased in 1881), built the store where William H. Chesley now trades, trading as A. B. Chase & Company. A. B. Chase held also for some time the position of express agent and Postmaster, Trial Justice and Town Treasurer, and his wife, Frank E. Chase, a sister of James Butterfield, kept a millinery shop. They have since moved to Norway, where Mrs. Chase keeps a millinery store. In 1867 the interest of Shaw & Tilson in the tannery was bought out, and the new firm was Poor & Kingman, composed of Henry Poor and other members of his fam- ily, of Boston, Massachusetts, and Romanzo S. Kingman, who had married into the Shaw family. Mr. Kingman was a tall, spare, energetic man, whose peculiar physiog- nomy is well remembered in Penobscot county. In 1869 the Poors bought out Kingman, who removed to what was then called Independence Plantation, a town- ship on the Mattawamkeag River, just east of Matta- wamkeag, where on Jimskitticook Falls, in the almost wilderness, he with the Shaw brothers built up a tannery and town, as if by magic, a city springing up in the night. He afterwards sold out to the Shaw brothers and went to Sparta, Wisconsin, where he has ever since been en- gaged in banking \yith his brother. The Poors then did business in Winn under the name of H. Poor & Son, the son then being Eben S. Poor, since deceased, as has also Henry Poor, the principal members now being John O. Poor and Charles C. Poor, sons of Henry Poor, with other members of the Poor family, which may be said to be rather rich than poor. Henry Poor & Son employed as their agent from 1869 to 1871-72 Grove H. Moor, of Northville, New York, , till he was suspended on account of his intemperate habits (though since he has become a reformed man and an able dentist), when Frank Gilman, who was then in trade at Winn, a son of John H. Gilman, of Orono, was em- ployed as agent, who has ever since remained in that capacity. The foreign population brought in by the tannery gave to Winn a considerable rough element, and in those days, before a firm public opinion gave a strong overcoming force to the liquor law, gambling and drink- ing saloons were very flourishing and popular, and rum held extensive sway. Silas Buswell, Jr., and his saloon, and the many other opportunities, may be well remembered. After a short, enterprising career that individual, whose opportunities were golden but whose actual life was leaden, left Winn a drunken sot, and went to Medford, Wisconsin, where he now is. George H. Coynes in 1867 commenced trade in the store now occupied by Ambrose Dennis, which he occu- pied for a while afterwards, trading iri the store he now occupies near the European & North American Rail- way depot, where he has traded, with the exception of his absence between 1870 and 1875. The other traders in town have been Henry H. Blackwell, in drugs and watch repairing; Aaron W. Smith, same; Frank Gilman, Lewis F. Stratton, and Fred Edwards, different members of the family of Caleb Estes. In 1864 Charles J. Carll came from Unity, built a house and went into the harness business, and has ever since remained, adding to it that of, hardware in 1879; and has also held the treasuryship of Winn some years. Ambrose Dennis came from Passadumkeag in 1873-74, and engaged in the hardware business, and has also filled several town offices. In 1867 George H. and Guilford D. Stratton started to build the present Katahdin House, a building of very large dimensions, in anticipation that the European & North American Railway, then in contemplation, would not cross the Mattawamkeag River, but turn eastward, thus making Winn the depot for the upper country, but contrary to expectations Mattawam- keag became that depot. The Strattons failed, H. Poor & Son bought the huge ark and completed it, and Mich- ael L. Ross, of the Vanceboro eating house, and afier- wards Simon B. Gates, who bought it in r88i, have ever since been its dispensers of refreshments. Lewis F. Stratton, Thomas S. Ranney, George H. Haynes, John B. Megquier, Abner B. Chase, Wilbur F. Lovejoy, and Thaddeus R. Joy have been the respective Postmasters of Winn from 185 1, with the lapse of two or three years, when Uncle Sam could find no servant in Winn, and the people went to Mattawamkeag for their mail. For a short time during stage times a post-office was kept at South Winn to accommodate that section and North Lincoln; but since the advent of the European & North American Railroad this has been discontinued. In 1869 Caleb Estes bought what were then termed the Dwinel lands, in Winn, formerly owned by Rufus Dwinel, of Oldtown, and built a steam shingle-mill above Winn village; but this proved a failure in a short time, as did the purchase, when the lands fell into the hands of T. S. Moor and Abram Moor, of Bangor, who own there some two or three thousand acres. The people of Winn early attended to their education- al requirements, and though in many instances in the sparsely settled localities the schools were taught in the houses of the inhabitants, yet temples. of education were S02 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. soon reared, and school-teachers were teaching the young Five Islanders the ways of science and the world. In Snowville a school-house was built in 1847, and I think earlier a structure had also been dedicated to that pur- pose. In 1852, the first school then being in the boat office, a school-house was built in Winn village, near where the house of the widow Caleb Estes now stands, opposite the Katahdin House, which, if I understand rightly, was afterwards occupied as a dwelling-house, and still is, though removed onto the Lot 27, at the lower end of the village, by Samuel Davis, who died in the summer of 1 88 1. At that time School District No. 3 seemed to embrace widely dififerent sections, namely : the village, now District No. 3, and East Winn, now District No. 4, five miles distant. Presuming the population to average five times the number of voters, Winn, during its early municipal life, seems to have raised at least $1 per in- habitant for the support of schools. In 1870 a new school-house was built in District No. i, on the Military Road, the Snow District ; but the tannery firm, about 1865, built in the village on the hill a large two-story house, the lower story for a school, the upper story for a Town Hall, and rented the same to the town for its sev; eral purposes. About 1874 this was purchased by the town and school district, and somewhat remodeled to ac- commodate, with the use of the hall, the three grades into which the school is divided. About i860 a school- house was built in District No. 4, a house having been built in No. 2 a few years previous. On account of the new settlements throughout the town, four sub districts have smce been formed, in which, in two instances, houses have been supplied by small structures, the others still using residences of citizens. The first one of the learned professions to seek for a livelihood in Winn was Dr. Henry A. Reynolds, who had served in the war of the Rebellion in the First Maine Heavy Artillery, and who came to Winn in 1865. Here, with good abilities, with a good physique and pleasant ways, he got quite a good practice, when, toward the last of his stay in Winn, he lapsed into mtemperate habits, from which he was happily rescued by the Red-ribbon movement, and his career since then is well known to all. He is now living in a town named in honor of him — Reynolds, in Dakota Territory, practicing farming, and is postmaster of his town. The next one of the professionals coming to Winn was Benjamin F. Fernald, who came from Exeter in 1868 to seek a field for labor in the practice of law. Here he still resides, holding the positions of Trial Justice, Notary Public, and Pension Notary, and having held the posi- tion of School Committee and Collector of Taxes. J. F. King next, for a brief season in the fall of 1869, came to us from Paris (not the transatlantic one), new- ly fledged and replete with legal lore. But he did little else than run up a board-bill for his father to pay, and getting into bad company and consequently bad habits. He was soon recalled by his father, being hardly six months in town. In 1 87 1 Dr. John R. Hathaway, from Temple, Frank- lin county, was introduced into this section by his brotHer, J. H. Hathaway, then engaged as an insurance agent in Bangor, and settled in Winn, where he remained till 1874, when he removed to Lincoln, in practice with his father-in-law, Moses Wilson, M. D., when he removed to Howard City, Michigan, where he now is, I under- stand, doing well. In 1871 also came James H. Burgess, lawyer, who had become known in the Penobscot Valley by having been in the drug business in Lincoln several years before and failed; besides, his father had lived for sometime in Old- town, and at that time his mother and family lived in Orono. A short time previous to coming to Winn, Bur- gess had been a clerk in the Pension Department at Washington, and later in the extension of the Post-office and Custom-house at Bangor. After filling several town offices in Winn, in 1876 he was a candidate for Clerk of Courts of Penobscot county, in wKich he was successful, and at the close of his term in 1880 he went into the practice of law at Corinna, where he still remains. In 1873 Dr. F. W. Merrill came from Brownville, Maine, to engage in the practice of- medicine at Winn, where he still remains. In 1878 E. B. Towle came from Jackson to engage in the practice of law, employing himself in teaching for a year or more of his stay in Winn. He held the position of Selectman, Supervisor, and Collector of Taxes, and in the spring of 1881 he removed to Kansas, where he had an uncle residing, and at last accounts was practicing law at Clay Center, Clay county, Kansas. In 1877 Jeremiah E. Estes returned to Winn, having been engaged in lawing and milling in Kingman and in Macwahoc, Aroostook county. He still remains in Winn pursuing the same business. The sons of Vulcan who, with brawny arm, struck while the iron was hot, have been P. King and Samuel Davis, Jr., whose father removed from Mattawarakeag in 1852, and who had a shop just out of the village. The shop has since become the house of Charles King, a worthy French citizen of Winn. There, about 1864, William Willy completed the present shop of E. P. Lee, occupied it for a couple of years, and sold it to Stephen B. Lovejoy, who removed to Winn from Lincoln. Mr. Willy eventually removed to Mattawamkeag, where he now resides. Mr. Lovejoy occupied the shop until about 1871, was ihen with E. P. Lee two years, and in 1875 he died a very respected citizen. His widow, still resides in town, and an adopted son, Wilbur F. Lovejoy, now book-keeper for H. Poor & Son, has held many stations of honor in town, though still quite a young man. The present blacksmiths are E. P. Lee and John D. Stanwood. The large foreign element in the population of Winn, brought here by employment in the tannery, gives many adherents to the Catholic faith, and about 1870 a church was commenced on the hill nearly opposite the school- house, which in the course of two years was com- pleted. John Hardman was then overseer for H. Poor & Son in the tannery, and helped greatly to push forward the enterprise. His successor, James Rice, also has done much for the church, and several elegant and com- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 503 paratively costly windows attest to the liberality of Irish and French citizens in a large circle about Winn. The dimensions of the church are thirty- five feet by sixty, with twenty feet post, built at a cost of $6,000. It has eight large windows, which cost $25 each, besides several smaller ones of less cost, and one larger one, the gift of John Hardman, of about $40. Since its con- struction, those in charge of this church have been Rev. Daniel McPhail, Rev. John J. Cassidy, Rev. James Carus, all residing at Benedicta, Aroostook county, while Rev. D. Francis Cinq-Mars, now in charge, resides at Winn, holding service every Sunday. There are in Winn about forty French families and about fifteen other Cath- olic families, and from seventy to one hundred Irish population, the Irish Being less in families. This church also gathers in many from quite a large circuit about Winn. Rev. Thomas J. Marsden came in 1863, from Clarks- town, New York, to occupy the vacant place and estab- lish an Episcopal church in Winn. In numbers this church has not had material success, but irl 187 1 a neat little church edifice was erected in a grove on a ledge bluff at the lower end of the village, at a cost of about one thousand five hundred dollars, a larger part — in fact, nearly all — having been contributed by a lady in Philadelphia. Rev. R. W. B. Webster, Rev. James Davis, and Rev. Frederick Pember have since been in charge of this church. At present there is none in charge, and the membership has hardly ever exceeded twelve or fifteen. All those in charge have been from England. Mrs. Davis received a large inheritance, and Mr. Davis was last heard of in the practice of medicine near Port- land, a very learned man. Rev. Mr. Pember is farming in-Kennebec, having received a large inheritance from England. Winn can never be very successful as a farming town. Still, there are a few quite good farms in town. The descendants of Joseph Snow, the pioneer, have continued farming, and have quite a good farm. Among the best farms in town are those of Nicholas R. Houston on the Military Road just above Winn village, who has a fine set of buildings connected with these. R. S. Kingman, while resident here, had a good farm. George S. Ranney, a son of Thomas S. Ranney, has with one of the Brown Islands leased from Mr. Andrews a very good farm. Some of the land in the back part of the town is free from rocks, but more liable to frost, and among those Mr. Joseph Deering has a nice farm. The farms of David Bunker and of Daniel C. Haynes should not be omitted. A large number of new settlers nave come in within a year or two, giving their sole attention to farming on quite good soil, and their influence will be felt in the town. But the town as a whole is much better adapted for grass than tillage. But little attention has been paid till very lately to fruit-raising, therefore these must be ob- tained outside. The European & North American Railroad reached "inn from Bangor in the fall of 1869, bringing us nearer the East and West, giving a station in the village and also a telegraph station, the agent and operator being at first Edgar F. Davis, of Auburn, a relative of James M. Lunt, whose fortunes he has followed, and since his departure Stephen M. Chase, of Lincoln, both able and gentlemanly men. Winn is the station for Lee, but ten miles distant, and for Springfield, sixteen miles distant, with which latter place a mail route connects tri-weekly. Winn is also the point of departure for the sportsmen going down on to the Sysladobsis, Duck, and other lakes, of whom there are two clubs, the Duck Lake and Dobsis Clubs, composed of Massachusetts and New Hampshire gentlemen, who have land and buildings, boats and fish- ing facilities, and one of them a large fishing estab- lishment near the confines of Penobscot and Washington counties, under the care of S. L. F. Ball. Winn has several water-powers, though but slightly improved — one into Penobscot river at the village, or rather just above, at Five Island Rips (Five Islands being from five islands in the Penobscot River, near the town line of Winn and Mattawamkeag); Gordon Falls, in the Mattawarakeag and within a mile or two of the Euro- pean & North American Railroad; and several falls on the Mattakeunk Stream. Only those on the lots about five miles from Winn village are improved by shingle-, saw-, and clapboard- mills, though other improvements have been much agi- tated; but the forest is largely burnt after the peelings of the hemlock and the almost annual strippings of hem- lock, spruce, pine, and cedar lumber; though the water power at Gordon Falls on the Mattawamkeag, having a large tract of forest back of it, and having but about three miles of quite good road to connect it with Mattawamkeag station, or less than half that with the nearest point on the European & North American Railway, may be improved. This lies very near to the Mattawam- keag line, and is owned by B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. In 1843, and some time after, John Fiske of Boston, Massachusetts, and Bridge of Miiford, owned all of Winn, except, perhaps, lands owned by Rufus Dwinel, of Oldtown. The site of the village was obtained by Wy- man B. S. Moore, but his title failed. It was afterwards called Bridgetown. John M. Winn, a young man, poor but enterprising, and employed in an insurance office in Salem, Massachusetts, got into the good graces of David Pingree, of that town, and afterwards was employed by Pingree as book-keeper. Neither Fisk nor Bridge had sons who aspired for busi- ness or who called for the property, the primeval forest, but only for the money obtained from it for spending, and Winn bought the township of Fisk and Bridge, backed by Pingree. Winn then resided in Bangor, hav- ing an interest with Pingree in the land. Near the lime of the incorporation of the town of Winn, named for that proprietor, John M. Winn became involved by loaning money, by endorsements, and other ways in which sharpers overcame him, and he went, about that time, reduced from the possession of many thous- ands to poverty, back to Salem to live with a pair of maiden sisters, where he died on charity. 504 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. When the tannery firm bought, m 1863, they bought the Pingree and Winn lands. All lands that had not been taken up by settlers were sold, ten thousand one hundred acres, October 3, 1881, to Joseph W. Burke, of Lee. The Dwinel lands are in possession of the Moors, of Bangor, some two or three thousand acres. The balance the old farmers and the new settlers occupy, becoming benefactors by puttmg two blades of grass where none grew before. Winn had Us greatest growth in the seventh decade of this century now, and since its increase must be from the tillers of the soil, is slow and sure. As an illustration of liberality in voting, in 1862 William H. Maling was sick in his bed, three miles from the voting place, and a motion was made and a commit- tee of two were appointed to take the box to him to vote, which. was done, the meeting waiting their return. Reuben Harmon was drawn as a juryman. Reuben didn't want to go, so he came to Winn village, and got Michael L. Boss to take his place. The accommodating Constable and Clerk were acquiescent, not having com- pleted their duties, and Michael L. Ross's name was put in the place of Reuben Harmon's, and Mike Ross per- formed the services. When the Gordon Mill was erected on the Mattawam- keag, assistants came a long distance to help raise it. Rum being plenty and strong, three days were passed in ca- rousal. On the fourth day they fell to work and raised the mill. Somewhere in the seventh decade a Bible class was formed in Winn village, composed of the flower of the youth — Grove H. Moor, agent of H. Poor & Son; George H. Stratton, Frank Oilman, Henry H. Blackwell, H. G. Naurt, and several other active business men. The object was to hold evening meetings at the place of busi- ness of one of their members, and the one who drank the hardest was the leader of the class. This continued for half a dozen years, and had a great influence. Dr. Reynolds, Grove Moor, Frank Oilman, and others have reformed. Dr. Reynolds had a barbecue, several roasted pigs and plenty of rum, lasting nearly a week, and the Doctor's office at the last abounded in snakes and almost every other specimen of a menagerie. STATISTICAL. Winn had a population of 253 by the census of i860, had 714 in 1870, and 898 in' 1880. The number of polls in i860 was. 41, 248 in 1870, and 202 in i88o. The valuations of estates for these several years were $25,oS7> $95>798. and $103,304, THE PROFESSIONS in Winn include one Episcopal and one Roman Catholic clergyman (the Methodist pulpit at present is vacant), one physician, and three lawyers. THE INDUSTRIES of the town comprise one tannery, two manufacturers of long lumber, one of short lumber, and one of both; one harness-maker, one boot- and shoe-maker, one carriage- maker, one tinman, four carpenters, two smiths, and one merchant tailor. There are also three general stores, two for millinery and fancy goods, one of confectionery, and one market. One hotel, the Katahdin House, is kept at the vil- lage. THE ASSOCIATIONS are the Silver Star Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, and the Juvenile Temple. TOVifN OFFICERS IN 1 88 1. W. F. Lovejoy, S. H. Merrill (East Winn), Post- masters ; Frank Oilman, W., H. Chesley, N. R. Hus- ton, Selectmen ; W. F. Lovejoy, Town Clerk; W. F. Lovejoy, Treasurer; Hiram Davis, Collector; Hiram Davis, Charles J. Carle, A. K. Lewis, Constables; H. N. Fifield, School Supervisor ; fi. F. Fernald, Frank Oilman, E. Estes, E. B. Towle,. William H. Chesley, Samuel H. Merrill (Quorum); B. F. Fernald, Ambrose Dennis, F. C. Estes (Trial); D. Merrill (Dedimus), Jus- tices. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. One of the prominent merchants in Winn is Captain William H. Chesley, who was born in Paris, Oxford county. His father, David Chesley, was a native of Paris; he married Mary Knight, who was a granddaugh- ter of Joseph Weare or Wier (it is spelled both ways), the famous Indian killer, of old Falmouth. David and Mary Chesley had seven children, viz: Julia A., widow of the late Alvin Haynes; William H.; Joseph M., de- ceased; Sarah C, now wife of Charles Green, of Matta- wamkeag; Mary A., now Mrs. Charles A. Haynes, of Bangor; Olive E., deceased; David B., died from expo- sure in the army. David Chesley came to this county in 1833, and lived in Chester and Lincoln. He died in 1870. Mrs. Chesley is still living, being eighty-four years old. Captain William H. Chesley was born February 4, 1826. On reaching manhood he worked in the lumber yards in the winter and on the farm in summer. He engaged in the lumber business for himself when eigh- teen. He continued in this a few years, then spent some, years as scaler, explorer, etc., for lumber companies. He then became a raft pilot on the river for some time dur- ing the spring months. In 1856 he became a captain on the river between this place (Winn) and Oldtown. He continued as captain on the river as long as the boats continued to run, or till 1869. During part of this time he kept a store also in connection with his river business. After this he did some surveying and some writing, there being no lawyer in the village. In 1876 he came to Winn and opened a dry-goods store. In 1865 and 1866 he represented his town in the Legisla- ture. He has held various town offices, and served for three years as County Commissioner. He married Emma J. Morrill, daughter of Henry T. and Jane Morrill, of Lincoln. They have no children other than an adopted daughter. Hiram Davis, deputy Sheriff of Aroostook and Penob- scot counties, was born in St. George, New Brunswick, April II, 1840. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth Davis, had eight children, seven of whom lived to man- hood and womanhood, viz: Mary, Josiah, Hifam, Wei- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 505 lington, Eliza, Phcebe, and Melissa. Hiram Davis, the second son of this family, was raised on the farm in St. George. His father was a lumberman and shipbuilder, but owned a farm where the family lived. On becoming of age Hiram engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot, coming here when fourteen years of age. He has been engaged in the lumber business until within four years, and in 1877 was appointed deputy Sheriff, which office he now holds, and which takes all his time. He mar- ried for his first wife Ann E. Henry, daughter of Andrew Henry, of Prince William, York county. New Brunswickj she died April 14, 1859. Mr. Davis married for his second wife Miss Lydia A. Scott, daughter of Moses Scott, of Chester, Maine. They have had four children, of whom Martin and Henry only are living. Mrs. S. B. Lovejoy, of Winn, is a daughter of Jona- than and Betsey Peasley. She was born February 28, 1815, in Jefferson, Lincoln county, where her parents spent most of their life, though Mrs. Peasley was born in Whitefield, Maine. They were originally fiom New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Peasley had four children, viz : Mary, Miles, Betsey, and Washington. Betsey, the subject of this sketch, married Stephen B. Lovejoy, of Fayette, Maine. He lived in Sebec until coming to this county, working at the blacksmith's trade. He came to Lincoln in 1834, and was married in 1836. They lived in Lincoln about thirty years, where he worked at his trade of blacksmith. He moved here to Winn in 1866, where he died February 15, 1876. Mrs. Lovejoy had no children of her own. They have brought up three adopted children, with one of whom, Mrs. Fifield, Mrs. Lovejoy is now living. Mr. Wilber F., now in the era- 'ploy of Poor & Son, is an adopted son. The other adopted daughter is deceased. Mrs. Lovejoy has a pleasant home in Winn village, where she is spending her aged life cared for by her adopted daughter. Frank Gilman, of Winn, is a son of John H. and Sally U. Gilman (nee Lovejoy). John H. Gilman had two children — Frank and Ada. John H. Gilman is a son of Josiah Gilman, of Gilmanton, New Hampshire. ■ Frank Gilman was born at Sebec, September 8, 1839. , , On reaching manhood he went into the army as a clerk in the Commissary Department, where he remained till the close of the war. In the spring he went with his father, who was Superintendent of the Agricultural College Farm at Orono, and remained there two years. In the fall of 1868 he came to Winn and engaged in trade in which he continued two years. In 1870 he entered the employ of Henry Poor & Son, as general superintendent of their tannery business at Winn and Medway. This firm employ over one hundred men at these two places during the entire year, and at some seasons they employ over six hundred men. Mr. Gilman has general charge « ♦ of this immense business here.^ He married Maria Averill, daughter of William Averill, of Orono. They have two children, viz : Kate W. and John A. Ambrose Dennis, the hardware dealer of Winn, is a son of Amos Dennis, of Palermo. His mother's maiden name was Thankful Coombs, of Albion, Maine. Amos moved to Passadumkeag about 1847, where he died in «4 1880. Mrs. Dennis died in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Den- nis had seven children, viz : Albert, deceased; Mary, wife of Ira Haskell, of Munson, Maine; George and John W., twins — George is deceased; Amos, now of Passadumkeag; Ambrose; and Edwin T., of Passadum. keag. Ambrose Dennis was born in 1843, '^i Passadum- keag. He engaged in trade on becoming of age in his native town with Mr. Costigan. This firm continued five years, when they dissolved and Mr. Dennis went to Michigan and spent two years, and then came to Winn in 1870, and opened his present business of hard- and tin-ware. He has since lived in this place. He married Clara J. Trask, of Hudson. They have two children — Albert and Stella M. Mr. Dennis has served as Select- man, Supervisor of Schools, Collector of Taxes, etc., in Passadumkeag. He has also held similar positions in Winn. He is at present Trial Justice in Winn. David Bunker, of Winn, who came into the county in 1825, is a son of David Bunker, Sr. His father was a native of New Hampshire, but lived principally in Canaan, in Somerset county, where he died. He married Mary Stanton, whose parents were from New Hampshire. They had nine children, all of whom lived to maturity — Moses, now living in Ripley, eighty-two years old ; Sally, deceased; Polly, wife of J. Bigelow, of Corinna Centre; David; Amanda, widow of Timothy Ricker, of Corinna; James, deceased; Ezra, deceased; John, who went to California, but it is not known whether he is living or not; Horace, in Colorado. David Bunker, Sr., died in December, 1843; Mrs. Bunker died in 1849. David Bunker, Jr., as he used to write his name, was born Au- gust 12, 1805. He first settled in this county in 1823. He spent his early manhood in milling and lumbering. He settled in Chester in 1827, where he lived about thirty years. He came to Winn, where he now lives, in 1861, and built the dam and part of the mill which he completed the next year, and soon after moved his family over. He has since then followed the business of lum- bering and farming, though principally farming. He married Phcebe Scott, of St. George's, New Brunswick. They had one daughter, Sarah E., who married Daniel C. Haynes, of Winn. Mr. Bunker died July 14, 1881. He has held many of the offices of his town, both in Chester and Winn. Daniel C. Haynes, of Winn, was born in Chester, in this county, November 9, 1831. His father, Walter Haynes, married Lydia Carlton, formerly of Rumford, Maine. They had twelve children, of whom Daniel is the third son. He spent his boyhood on the farm. On becoming of age he first settled in Chester, where he mar- lied Sarah E. Bunker. They lived m Chester until 1861, when they moved to Winn, where he now lives. Since ■ coming here he has built all the buildings on his farm. He owns one hundred and ten acres of land, nicely located on the east bank of the river. Mr. and Mrs. Haynes have nine children — Laura E., wife of Joseph Harmon, of Winn; David B., of Mattawamkeag ; Delia H., now Mrs. James Harmon, of Winn; Walter, of Winn; Carrie V.; Delia B.; Henry R.; Herbert D.; and Sadie M. Mr. Haynes has held the office of Selectman So6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. One of the oldest settlers of Winn was Reuben Har- mon, \Yho came from Gorham, New Hampshire. He used to drive the stage from Bangor to Houlton, or, in other words, carry the mail, for he began before the road was built, and often had to carry the mail on his back part of the way. He married Betsey A. Snow, of Winn. They settled on the place where Joseph now resides about 1832. They had eleven children, all of whom grew to maturity — Daniel, deceased; Rebecca, wife of George W. Young, of Winn; Allen S.; Martin, deceased; William, now in Lisbon, Maine; James K. R, now in Winn; Joseph D.; Horace G., now in Lisbon, Maine' Benjaman R, also in Lisbon; Reuben, now in Lisbon- Henry M., also in Lisbon. Mr. Harmon died some fifteen years ago, about 1866. Mrs. Harmon is still liv- ing in Lisbon. Joseph D. Harmon was born August 27 1846, in Winn. In 1871 he married Laura Haynes. They have three children — Adra, Ora, and Elwell. THE PLANTATIONS. DREW PLANTATION. This far-off but not altogether insignificant municipal- ity is in the southernmost northeast corner of the county, fifty-three miles northeast of Bangor. It is bounded on the north by the Reed and Barker Plantations, in Aroos- took county, on the east by a strip of Township No. 8, Range 4, north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase, beyond which lies the town of Danforth, in Washington county; on the south by Prentiss; and on the west by Kingman. It is about ten miles from the Penobscot River at the nearest point, the mouth of the Mattawam- keag River; but has ready access to all the world by the line of the European & North American "Railroad, which intersects the town with a track of more than five miles, and gives it one station, with the singular name of "Wytopitlock," nine and three-tenths miles from King- man, and four and a half miles from Bancroft. The chief water of Drew Plantation is the Mattawam- keag River, which has a very devious course of about eight miles in the Plantation, and drains nearly every part of it. This fine stream enters from Barker's Plantation, a mile west of the northeast corner of Drew and of the county, flows south half a mile and makes a big bend to the west and northwest, nearly reaching the north line again, and being here very closely neighbored by the rail- way. Here it again turns south, and runs four miles west of south to its southernmost bend or reach in the Plan- tation. One-half of a mile before making the bend it receives a small tributary from the east, and a little fur- ther sends off a cross channel west to its own stream op- posite, thus forming an island one-fourth of a mile in greatest length or breadth. After receiving this the Mat- tawamkeag flows north of west two and a half miles fur- ther, when it crosses the Kingman line just about mid- way of its length. About half-way between its southern bend and this exit the river takes in from the south, by an outlet one and one-fourth miles long, the water of Mud Lake, which is fed mainly by the Mud Brook, from Pren- tiss, which has its mouth a little way inside the south line of the Plantation, on the southeast shore of the lake. This water, which is vastly smaller than some of the "ponds" in the county, is only two-thirds of a mile long by one-half a mile in greatest breadth, and does not cover more than one-third of a square mile of surface. It lies one and one-fourth miles from the southwest cor- ner of the Plantation, and its southernrnost end just touches the south boundary. One mile above the tributary near the south bend of the Mattawamkeag, the Meadow Brook comes in from the east, rising in the edge of Township No. 8, and re- ceiving two small affluents from the southeast in Drew, within about a mile of the county line. A little above, on the other side of the river, the Libbey Meadow Brook enters from the west, flowing wholly the distance of near two miles in Drew. Three-fourths of a mile above its mouth the Pitlock Stream, entering in two heads from Reed's Plantation, and uniting them one-half mile below the town line, and flowing thence one and a half miles further, enters the Mattawamkeag. In the southeast angle of the town rise two of the headwaters of the East Branch of the Mud Brook, which flow out south into Kingman. The only highway entirely traversing Drew Plantation, toward any points of the compass, is the north and south road which runs from Springfield village northeast and north through Prentiss, into Drew, whichit enters a mile east of Mud Lake, and nearly two and a half miles from the southwest corner of the Plantation. It thence pursues a somewhat zigzag but generally northerly course for about six miles through the tract, running up the east side of the Mattawamkeag and crossing it one-third of a mile above the mouth of the Pitlock Stream, a half a mile further the railroad, going out of the Plantation half a mile beyond, very nearly at the middle of its nc5rth line. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S°7 Upon or near this road is almost the entire settlement as yet in the Plantation. On the other or west side of Mud Lake another road from Springfield, branching from the former in the northeast corner of that town and running through Prentiss, reaches the lake after about half a mile's run in this Plantation, and there stops. On the other road, half a mile east of the lake, a public school- house has been constructed. This tract was originally known as Plantation No. 7, in Range 4, north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It was settled about 1825, and organized as a plantation September 8, 1856. It is the oldest of the organized plantations except Webster, which is seven days older, and Woodville, which is four years older. It had a pop- ulation of 85 in 1870, and 137 in i88o. Polls in 1880, 20; estates, $33,33S. There is no. post-office, and no artisan but one blacksmith. The officers of the Planta- tion in 1 88 1 were : Warren Butters, C. G. Potter, George Sprague, Assessors ; Warren Butters, Clerk; Page Mix, Treasurer ; J. N. Belden, Collector ; J. N. Belden, Constable ; Mrs. C. G. Potter, Mrs. Annie Butterfield, George Sprague, School Committee. Stephen Belden was born in Palermo, Maine, Septem- ber 29, 1802. His father, Stephen Belden, Sr., married Mary Harvey, and reared a family of six children, who grew to maturity, viz: Olive, Stephen, Drusilla, Betsey, James, and John. Stephen Belden, the oldest son of this family, first settled in Palermo, where he lived until 1874, when he came to this county and bought the farm where he now lives in Drew Plantation. He married Lois Dennis, of Palmero. They have had ten children, viz : Lucinda, wife of Joseph Yeaton, of New Hampshire ; Wilbert, died in the army ; Arvilla, now Mrs. Deland, of Portland, Maine ; Edwin, now of Prentiss ; Philander, now in California ; John F., of Prentiss ; Ruth, wife of Frederick Young, of Palermo, Maine ; Marcia, wife of Alonzo Young, of Drew Plantation ; Eliza, wife of Wil- liam Bowler, of Palermo ; Joseph, with his father on the farm in Drew Plantation. Joseph has been Collector for five years in this Plantation. Joseph Belden married Sarah F. Norton, of Palermo. They have two children, viz: Etta G., and Lois. One of the early settlers in Drew Plantation was Mr. James Potter, who came here from Perry, Maine, in 1850. James Potter married Mary Golden, of Perry. They settled in Perry and there lived until coming here. He was a native of Whitefield, Maine. They had a family of seventeen children, of whom only seven grew to manhood and womanhood, viz; Lucy. A., Joseph C, Peter G., George E., James L., Clark G., and Annie M., all of whom are living except Peter G., and James L. Mr. Potter died March 15, 1875. Mrs. Potter was drowned September 2, 1876. Clark G. Potter was born March I g, 1842. When eight years of age he came here with his father and helped to clear up the farm where he now lives. He married Miss Annie M. Averill, daughter of Ira Averill, of Prentiss. They have had five children, of whom three are living, viz: Ernie M., Bennie A., and Brett. Mr. Potter has a good farm of cue h'undred and fifty acres. He has been engaged in lumbering as well as farming. Mr. Potter has always held some town office since he became of age. He is now First Assessor of this Plantation. Angus Mackay is a son of William Mackay, of Scot- land. William and Catharine Mackay had five children, viz : Alexander, deceased ; Barbara, wife of George Fox, of Southampton, New Brunswick; John, deceased; John, now of Newfoundland ; and Angus. Angus Mac- kay was born January 12, 1828. He came to the United States when sixteen years of age, and worked at lumber- ing. He bought the farm on which he now lives in 1851. Since then he has worked at lumbering winters and farming summers. He married for his first wife Emeline Ames, from Farraington, Maine, and had by her five children, viz: Sarah, William A., Catharine, John, and Emeline A., all of whom are dead except Emeline. Mrs. Mackay died in 1861, and Mr. Mackay married for his second wife Miss Mary Skillinger, of Danforth, Maine, by whom he has seven children, viz : William, Charles, Nettie, Esther, Hattie, John, and Hugh, all of whom are living except Hattie. Mr. Mackay has a farm of one hundred and thiity-five acres on the Mattawam- keag River. Page Mix, of Drew Plantation, is a son of Enos Mix, of Vermont. Enos Mix married Sarah Page. They had fourteen children, of whom twelve grew to maturity, viz: Polly, Samuel, Lucretia, Sally, Eliza, Matilda, Ruth, El- mira, Mary, John, Page, Eli, and Enos. Of this large family only five are now living, viz : Elmira, Mary, Page, Eli, and Enos. Page Mix was born May 11, 1814. He first lived in Orono after he became of age ; he lived there about fifteen years, when he went to California, where he remained three years and a half In 1855 he returned to Maine and bought the farm where he now lives on the Mattawamkeag River, in Drew Plantation. He married Eunice Merry, of New Portland, Maine. They have had five children, viz : Flora, now Mrs. James Young, of Drew Plantation ; Elmer P.; John A.; Carrie A., deceased ; and Eli O. Mr. Mix has been Treasurer of his town. He owns three hundred and sixty- five acres of land, lying on the Mattawamkeag River in Drew Plantation, and is now engaged principally in farming, though he used to lumber in connection with farming. Mr. Mix lost his wife in 1880, and is now living with his second wife. LAKEVILLE PLANTATION. This is a large tract, occupying pretty nearly the whole space of two surveyed townships — Nos. 4 and 5, in the first Range, north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It lies in the form of a parallelogram over six miles wide, by about ten and a half miles long, sepa- rated by a narrow tract, part of which belongs to Carroll town, from Washington county. It is bounded on the north by Carroll and Springfield; on the south by Town- ship No. 4, in Hancock county, and Township No s> in Washington; and on the west by Township No. 3, in 5o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Penobscot. The town of Lee corners with it on the northwest. The surface of Lakeville Plantation is considerably cov- ered with sheets of water, which ai-e here quite uniformly called "lakes," whether large or small. The middle western part is occupied largely by the Sisladobsissis Lake, a rather narrow water, about five miles in length, and lying from northwest to southeast. By a short inlet from the north it receives the waters of a much smaller sheet. Its own outflow is by another short stream into Sisladobsis Lake, a sheet of nearly the size of the Sisladobsissis, which stretches from northwest to southeast out into Washing- ton county. At a bay on the north of it, in the Planta- tion, it receives from the northwest a tributary fed by two small lakes a little west of the head of the Sisladobsissis. In the northeastern angle of the Plantation is a roundish sheet called Duck Lake, covering about half a square mile. It receives from Springfield the Lowell Brook, and from Carroll Getchell Brook, each of which flows a mile, more or less, in Lakeville. On the north and west of this is most of the settlement which the Plantation so far has. Duck Lake flows by a southeast channel of about four miles' length to the northwest part of Cug Lake, a sheet of about the same size as Duck, but of more irreg- ular shape, lying in the south centre of the east part of the town. Opposite the entrance of the Duck Lake out- let, — that is, at the southwest part of the lake, — the out- let of Cug Lake passes about three miles into Washing- ton county. Part of the Horseshoe Lake lies a mile or two east of it, in the southeast corner of the town. This is connected with Junior Lake, a large body of water, which fills most of the strip between Lakeville and Washington county on that side. A little of the western part of this lake, and the extremity of its northwest bay, with a small lake and outlet which feed it, are in the eastern part of Lakeville with a small lake and outlet which contribute to feed the Junior Lake. Three or four miles of the Taylor Brook, entering from Township No. 4, and flowing northwest and west to the Passadum- keag River, are in the southwest angle of the Plantation. A pretty large curve of the Passadumkeag River, with a smaller one north of it, is in the southwestern part of Lakeville, near the west line. The Plantation has few roads as yet, and these are almost wholly in the northeastern part. The stage-road from Lincoln to Topsfield passes two to three miles north of it, through Springfield and Carroll, upon which the Lakeville people have still to rely for postal facilities. From a point on the stage-route half a mile east of Springfield village, near the Beaver Pond, a road starts off southwardly and enters Lakeville near the southeast corner of Springfield, running two to three miles into the interior of the Plantation. Just after entering Lake- ville it sends off a short cross-road, to connect with a highway northwest from Duck Lake into Carroll; and a little below this cross-road a neighborhood track of about two miles' length starts off to the west and southwest.. Half way between Duck Lake and the cross-road is School-house No. i, from which a "plug" road of two miles' length runs east ihto the southerly projection of Carroll, passing School No. 7 near the town line, and just before that sending off a curving road southeasterly almost to the extreme south line of Carroll, but crossing only about half a mile of Lakeville soil. Civilized- settlement did nqt get in here until about 1855.' The Plantation was organized February 29, 1868, under its present name, probably derived from the large lake within its borders. It had a population of 108 in 1870, and 136 in 1880. Polls — 1870, 30; 1880, 34. Estates — 1870, $43,990; 1880, $48,608. Formerly, a great deal of lumbering was done within this tract, and it is still a profitable industry here. Two saw-mills and one shingle-machine are in operation. The following-named were the Plantation ofificers for 1 881: S. T. Mallett, Charles Hale, J. A. Ham, Assess- ors; Charles Hale, Clerk; S. T. Mallett, Treasurer; Isaac Whitney, Constable and Collector; A. E. Gowell, School Supervisor; A. E. Gowell, Quorum Justice. One of the prettiest places in Lakeville Plantation is that owned by Alfred E. Gowell. Mr. Gowell came to this place from Topsham, Maine, in 1862. He is a son of Alfred and Elizabeth Gowell {nee Elizabeth Brown, of Topsham). Alfred Gowell was a native of Bowdoin. Alfred and Elizabeth Gowell had six children, viz; Alfred E.; Peregrine W., now in Kansas; Emma B., wife of Rowland Rogers, of Bowdoin; Gilbert M., on the old place in Bowdoin; William M., deceased, and Horace R, now in Caribou, Maine. Alfred E., the oldest of this family, was born June 3, 1834. On becoming of age he worked at the ship-carpenter's trade for seven years in various places. He came herein 1861 and bought the place where he now lives in Lakeville Plantation. It is on the north side of Duck Lake, a very beautiful sheet of water. It is here that the Duck Lake Club have their Club-house. This club is composed of six gentlemen from Massachusetts and Connecticut. Mr. Gowell owns here three hundred acres, and is beautifying his grounds by setting out trees, grading lawns, etc. He married Miss Rhoda L. Blake, daughter of Lemuel and Nancy Blake. They have four children, viz ; Nancy E., Rose A., Herbert E.; and Ethel G. Mr. Gowell has held vari- ous offices in the gift of his townsmen, such as Clerk, Justice of the Peace, member Board of Assessors, etc. NO. I PLANTATION. . Township No. i, in the North Bingham Penobscot Purchase, is an even surveyed township, lying in good shape fifteen and one-half miles northeast from Bangor, between Greenbush on the west and No. 2 Grand Falls Plantation on the east, which alone separates it in that direction from Hancock county. On the north is Lowell, on the south Greenfield. Township No. 39, in one of the northwest corners of Hancock county, which abound in this region, corners with No. i Plantation on the southeast. Passadumkeag corners with it on the northwest. The tract is only three and one-half miles the Penobscot, from the nearest point of the river along the north line of Greenbush to the northwest corner of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 509 No. I. The one hundred inhabitants, more or less, yet in the Plantation, are accommodated with railway facili- ties chiefly at Olamon Station, on the European & North American Railway, near that line, and with postal facilities there and at Lowell on the north and Greenfield on the south. The Olamon Stream, heading in Morison Brook and other waters in Greenfield and southward, runs up into the Plantation with a short curve toward the southwest angle, and returning into Greenfield, passes thence into Greenbush, very near the southwest corner of No. i, and passes on to its junction with the Penobscot at Olamon Station. Near the east line of the Plantation and in its south central part, are the headwaters and tributaries of Lord's Brook, which runs northwest to a union with the Passadumkeag River, about the middle of the arc which that stream makes in the north part of the Plantation. The river enters from the direction of Lowell post-office, about two and one-half miles from the northeast corner of No. I, makes a great curve of which the south- ernmost part is about a mile distant from the north line of the Plantation, and after a flow of more than three miles therein, goes out for Lowell and Passadumkeag at a point about a mile from the northwest corner. Three- quarters of a mile east of its entrance a small tributary of the river between Lowell village and Suponic Pond takes its rise. In the southeast angle of the Plantation are a mile or two each of two small streams which flow into Greenfield, and there unite to form the Morison Brook. The principal road in No. i is the highway that com- pletely traverses the Plantation from south to north. Starting from the river road on the east of the Penobscot it flows through Greenbush and out at the southeast corner of that town into Greenfield, where it curves northward into No. i, crossing the south line almost mid- way and running with a somewhat curvilinear and zigzag course east of north till it leaves the town for Lowell post-office. A road east from a little below Olamon also runs a httle way into No. i. No. I Plantation is of very recent creation. A war- rant for its organization was issued by the County Com- missioners January 7, 1878, and its formation may be considered as dating from that year. The tract had a population of but sixty-six in 1870 and ninety-seven in 1880. The polls and estates in these years were not re- ported. Judging from the list of officers of the Plantation, the people consist largely of Littlefields. One of the Asses- sors is Lorenzo Littlefield; Mr. John Littlefield is Collec- tor, and J. W. Littlefield is a Constable. The other offi- cers are Charles Cunningham and D. C. Douglass, Asses- sors; Albert McLain, Clerk; Simeon Philbrick, Constable, and Messrs. McLain, Philbrick, and Cunningham, School Committee. NO. 2, GRAND FALLS PLANTATION. This is another of the newer municipalities on the out- 1 skirts of the county and of the wilderness. It is, how- I ever, but twenty-two miles in a straight line from Bangor, and but nine from the river and railroad at Olamon Sta- tion. It was formerly No. 2, of the North Bingham Penobscot Purchase, and is, like No. i Plantation, a reg- ular township of thirty-six square miles. THE ALLEN TRACT, where most of the population of the Plantation reside, consisting largely of Pettingill families, is an area in the form of a parallelogram, in the northeast part of the town, adjoining Burlington, and named /rom a former owner. It contains about six square miles. THE PASSADUMKEAG STREAM, crossing from east to west, nearly divides the tract into halves, and flows out of it northwest to and through the Su- ponic Pond, having a total run of about three and'one^ half miles in the Plantation. Near its point of entrance on the line of Washington county are the Grand Falls, which give a part of the name to the Plantation. Just outside the northwest corner of the Allen Tract, the Madagascal Stream comes down from the north into the Plantation, flows in it, and mainly in the Tract, through a great curve of over two miles, and enters the Passadum- keag a mile above its mouth. About half the area of Suponic Pond, which has been described in our notes on Burlington, lies in this Planta- tion, and about half-way across its northern edge. It is a beautiful sheet of water, very picturesque in its surround- ing scenery, and almoft sublime in some of the loftier neighboring heights. Less than a mile south of the pond begins the rise of the most imposing natural feature of this part of the county, or any part of the county east of the Penobscot and north of Black Cap Mountain, the PASSADUMKEAG MOUNTAIN. This is an eminence of many hundred feet in height, nearly two miles in length at the base, and more than two miles in basilar breadth. It is a conspicuous object in the landscape for many miles in each direction, and adds not a little to the physical attractions of the Planta. tion. WAGON-ROADS. The roads in No. 2, Grand Falls, are almost confined so far to the northeast part and the Allen Tract. The principal one runs down the northeast shore of Suponic Pond into the Plantation half a mile northeast of the mouth of the Passadumkeag, and strikes about in a bee- line for that stream near the middle of the Tract. It is continued in a neighborhood road across the stream, and a mile or so further east till near the county line, where it ends. Trails also run north and east to the Grand Falls and the southeast corner of Burhngton. BOUNDARIES. No. 2, Grand Falls, is bounded on the north by Bur- lington; on the east by Township No. 3, in Hancock county; on the south by Township No. 39, in the same; and on the west by No. i Plantation. Lowell comes with No. 2 at the northeast corner of the latter. ORGANIZATION AND STATISTICS. This township was settled about 1830, and the Planta- 510 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. tion was organized Nov. i6, 1878. It had a population of even 100 in 1870, and 93 in 1880. Polls in 1880, 23; estates, $23,822. PLANTATION OFFICERS. The offices of No. 2 seem in 1881 to have been, and they probably are generally, concentrated in few hands. Mr. Harvey Stickney was, that year, Clerk, Treasurer, an Assessor, and a member of the School Committee. Joseph Folsom was another of the Assessors, and also Constable and "Collector. P. B. Moore was the remain- ing Assessor, and a School Committeeman. Charles B. Littlefield was the only one to have but one office; he was a member of the School Committee. There is no post-office in the Plantation, the people re- lying mainly upon Burlington for their mails. STACYVILLE PLANTATION. Stacyville is the northernmost organized plantation in the county. It is a regular township (No 3) in the Sixth Range, the same range to which belong the town of Patten, its next neighbor on the north, and the town of Mt. Chase above that. It is bounded on the east by Sherman, Aroostook county; on the south by Township No. 2, Sixth Range; and on the west by No. 3, Seventh Range. It is sixty-six miles east of north from Bangor. Stacyville is an exceedingly wall watered tract. The Swift Brook, heading in two small lakes in the south- western part of Patten, intersects the whole of Stacyville from north to south, and has no less than ten tributary brooks in this Plantation. Six of them, all small, flow in on the east side of the Swift, in the north half of the town. On the west is received, a little below the lower- most of these and near the middle of the town, an af- fluent from the northwest, which heads in two branches in the southwest angle of Patten. They join in Stacy- ville, and the united stream flows for about two and one- half miles to the Swift. A little more than a mile below a similar tributary is received, with two long branches rising, respectively, in Townships No. 3 and 4, flowing southwest and uniting somewhat more than a mile from the brook. Through the southwest angle of the Planta- tion flows very much another such tributary, its two branches heading in No. 3, each running a mile, more or less, in Stacyville, there uniting and flowing a little way out into No. 2, Sixth Range, where the stream unites with the Swift to form the Mud Brook, an affluent of the East Branch of the Penobscot. Two miles east of the Swift flows 'the Little Molunkus Brook, rising in the north part of No. 2, Sixth Range, and flowing north and northeast through a small pond, in the south centre of eastern Stacyville, to a junction with the Molunkus Brook a little way over in Sherman. The MoUmkus rises in three heads in the south part of Pat- ten, and flows about four miles southeast and east in Stacyville to about the middle of the east line of the Plantation, where it leaves the county. About mid-way between the Little Molunkus and the Swift about two miles of a headwater of the Salmon Pond and the Salmon Stream flow south and into No. 2. The main highway of Stacyville, upon which are set- tled most of its people, is the road which leaves the old military trail at Molunkus, enters Stacyville just below the Molunkus Brook, crosses there the Little Molunkus and shortly after the Molunkus itself, and runs west of north up the east side of that brook into Patten and then to Patten post-office. In the southwest angle of Sherman this highway sends off the Mt. Katahdin road, which crosses the southern part of Stacyville in a somewhat broken course, and runs west and northwest about fifteen miles to a point between the northeast and southeast flanks of the main bulk of the mighty moun- tain. Stacyville was settled in 1850, and incorporated ten years afterwards, on the 30th of June, i860, taking its name from one of the original settlers and proprietors. It is the oldest of the plantations in the county, except Webster and Drew. In 1870 it had 138 inhabitants, and- 184 in 1880. It must soon be ready for incorporation as a full-fledged town. The votes in 1880 numbered 45; its valuation of estates was $20,362. The Plantation officers for 1881 were; Robert N. Mc- Clure, James Kelley,and Joshua Bragg, Assessors; Robert N. McClure, Clerk; Alonzo J. Richmond, Treasurer; Alonzo J. Richmond, Constable and Collector; Fred Hunt, School Supervisor. WEBSTER PLANTATION. This was formerly Township No. 6, in the Third Range north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It is sepa- rated by but the width of one town — Prentiss, upon the east — from Washington county; by only another — Kingman, on the north — from Macwahoc Plantation, in Aroostook county ; by Winn only from the Penobscot — four miles distant, by the north line of Winn, its shortest breadth, and by Springfield, its next neighbor on the south, and the Lakeville Plantation beyond, from Han- cock county. It is thus completely bounded on all sides, save that, on, the west of Kingman and north of Webster, about two miles' breadth of Mattawamkeag bounds the Plantation. It is cornered on the northeast by Drew Plantation, on the southeast by Carroll, and on the southwest by Lee. It is forty-four miles northeast of Bangor, from corner to corner, and less than three miles from the European & North American Railroad at King- man Station. It is pretty nearly an even township of thirty-six square miles. The waters of Webster are mainly the Mattagondus Brook, which rises a little north of Carroll post-office, flows west into Springfield, and just beyond the southeast corner of Webster into Prentiss, and through that into the Plantation, It enters about two miles below the northeast corner of the Plantation, flows a little more than this in the interior westwardly, northerly, and east- erly again, till it leaves Webster a little below the corner just designated, flows across the northwest angle of Pren- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK Sii tiss and the southwest corner of Drew Plantation, very near these corners, into Kingman, where it finds a last resting-place in the Mattawamkeag. One of the smaller affluents of the Mattagondus, which enters the stream in Prentiss, shortly below the mouth of the Spruce Brook on the other side, heads in the southeast part of Web- ster, and runs east and southeast about two miles to the Prentiss hne. -Still further in the southeast angle of the town is a brief reach of one headwater of the Mattakeunk Stream, which flows- south and southwest to a union with another branch in Springfield. The East Branch of this stream flows past the southwest corner of the Planta- tion, just where it corners with Springfield, Lee, and Winn. In the west centre of the town rises Gordon's Brook, which flows in an irregular course east of north, and then northwest, four or five miles in all, to an exit a little be- low the northwest corner of the Plantation, whence it passes across a corner of Winn and joins the Mattawam- keag near the north line of that town. Webster Plantation has had a comparatively rapid growth. It had only 9 polls in 1870, and 28 inhabitants, which had multiplied more than four hundred per cent, or to 118, by 1880. It has no post-office as yet, but de- pends mainly upon the Kingman and Springfield offices. Part of the people are upon a branch of the road be- tween these two places, which passes through the south- east coiner of Webster, then nearly the entire length of Prentiss, and then for about a mile across the northeast angle of Webster, and into Kingman to the post-office and the railroad. A few of the Plantation settlers are upon this highway; but more upon the aforesaid branch, which leaves the main road about a mile below the south line of Webster, and runs northwest to the line about a mile and a half from the southeast corner, and a little further dividing into two branches or "plug" roads, one of which goes about a mile to the northward and ends, and the other northwest and west, nearly parallel with the south line and about half a mile from it, for about two and a half miles, when it also ends. The road in Pren- tiss, up the north bank of the Mattagondus, also runs for a little way into the interior of Webster, as likewise a short branch from it half a mile below. Webster was settled about 1843, the first immigrants being James Austin and S. W. Leighton. It was organized as a Plantation thirteen years afterwards, September, 1856, and named from the principal proprietor of the township. It is the oldest of the present organized plantations of the county, except Woodville, though it ranks Drew Plantation in seniority by but one week. Farming and lumbering are the chief occupations of the Webster people. It had, as before noted, a popula- tion of 28 in 1870, and 118 in 1880. In 1878 its peo- ple were reported as numbering 117. Polls in 1870, 9; in 1880, 20. Estates in the same years, respectively, $24>727 and $36,129. The Plantation officers in 1881 were: "A. A. Patch, Joseph Cole, William H. Stinson, Asses- sors; A. S. Leighton (Kmgman post-office). Clerk; A. A. Patch, Treasurer; H. P. Crockett, Constable and Collec- tor; H. P. Crockett (Kingman post-office), Samuel Tucker, H. L. Tucker, School Committee. A. S. Leighton, of Webster Plantation, was born in this town. He was a son of Stillman W. Leighton, who came to Springfield from Cherryfield in 1839. Stillman Leighton married Theresa Walter, of Burke, Vermont. They came from Prentiss to this town in 1845. They have had ten children, eight of whom are living — Mary, now Mrs. Mary Cooper, of Prentiss; Alfred S., of this town; Luther W., of Minnesota; Samantha, now Mrs. Crockett, of Webster Plantation; Henry P., in Massa- chusetts; Rose, in Massachusetts; Lillian I., at home, and Leon A. Mr. and Mrs. Leighton are both living. Mr. Leighton has for many years been one of the prom- inent men of the Plantation, holding most or all of its leading offices. A. S. Leighton, the oldest son of this family, was born December 9, 1847. His principal business has been farming, though he has been engaged in lumbering and bark business. He lives with his father on the old homestead. They have a fine farm of three hundred and twenty-five acres, with one of the best sets of farm buildings in town. This farm Mr. Leighton has cleared entirely from the standing timber. A. A. Patch, of Webster Plantation, is a son of Daniel Patch, of Morrill, Maine. Daniel and Lucinda Patch had five children, of whorn four are living — Alma, wife of William Kelsey, of Bristol; Alva A.; Adner, of Wor- cester, Massachusetts; and Alice. Alva A., the oldest son of this family, was'born January 25, 1856, in Knox, Maine. In 1872 he went to Worcester, Massachusetts, and engaged in teammg for seven years, or until 1879, when he came here to Webster Plantation and bought the farm where he now lives. He married Lena Slater, daughter of J. G. Slater, of Webster Plantation. Daniel Patch died in 1874, and Mrs. Patch in 1863. Mr. Patch now holds the office of First Assessor and Treasurer. He has a good farm of 425 acres. WOODVILLE PLANTATION. This tract, which is as yet a plantation, although it will probably be a flourishing town by and by, is straight up the valley of the Penobscot, on the same side as Bangor and distant from the city forty miles. It has itself a pretty large territory, and is Surrounded by large tracts. It is bounded on the north by Medway, on the northeast and for a little way on the southeast by the Penobscot, beyond which is Mattawamkeag; on the south by Ches- ter; and on the west by the large Township No. 2, in the Eighth Range. It was itself formerly Indian Town- ship No. 2. Molunkus town, in Aroostook county, cor- ners with it on the northeast. The Penobscot River has a flow of nearly seven miles, in a gentle curve, along the east front of Woodville. About midway of this course are the Boom Islands, on the Mattawamkeag side; and just below the southeast corner is the small island mentioned in our accounts of Winn and Chester. The greatest width of the town is from the Boom Islands straight west to the town line — a 512 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, little less than seven miles. By the curve of the river both the north and south lines are shorter, the north line considerably so. The west line is about six miles long. At tolerably regular intervals of two miles below the northeast corner of the Plantation, small tributaries, each rising in two branches, flow in from the west. Each has a saw-mill near its mouth. The Pattagumpus Stream (vaiiously mentioned upon the maps as the "Pat- tagembus" and the "Pattakurakis") rises near the mid- dle of the west line of the Plantation, and receiving several petty affluents at intervals, flows northwest about four miles into Medway and the Penobscot. In the northwest angle of Woodville heads a larger tributary, which flows in a large curve one and a half miles in the Plantation and then crosses into Medway, where it shortly joins the Pattagumpus. Just west of this, near the west line, are two small headwaters of the Madakeunk Stream, which unite a little before leaving the Plantation for Township No. 2, where the main source of this stream exists in the shape of a pretty large pond. An- other small tributary of the Medakeunk rises near the southwest corner of Woodville, and flows into the north- west angle of Chester. A little east of the heads of the Pattagumpus, in the northwest centre of the Plantation, is the source of the Ebhors Stream, which, it will be remembered, joins the Madakeunk in Chester about twenty miles before it reaches the Penobscot. This stream has a flow of four miles in Woodville, receiving a small affluent from each side about half a mile northeast of South Woodville post- office. At the south Plantation line it has another from north of west, and another from the same direction nearly a mile above. Woodville Plantation increased over fifty in population during the decade 1870-80; and although its people are not so numerous as those of some plantations that have no post-office, they read and write so much, it seems, that they require and have two post-offices — North Woodville and South Woodville, respectively. The former is about two miles from the north line of the Plan- tation, and nearly three from the river. It was kept at list accounts by Mr. Calvin Stanwood. The Woodville office is about a mile from the south line of the Planta- tion, and one and a half miles from the west boundary. It is kept by a postmistress, Mrs. Caroline Read. Both of these are on the county road from Lincoln Centre to Medway, which completely intersects the Plantation from south to north, and is the only high road in it. It enters from Chester, a mile east of the southwest corner of the Plantation, and runs northeast and north about seven miles to a point on the north line about a mile west of the northeast corner, where it passes into Medway and up the southwest bank of the Penobscot. School No. i is on this road, a little below Woodville post-oflSce; and School No. 3 a mile or more above North Woodville. From this a country road runs off easterly to some settle- ments; likewise one from above Woodville post-office northwest a little over a mile. All the settlements in the town are upon these, except a very few on the river, about the mills. ORGANIZATION.* This township has generally been known as "Indian Township No. 2," or West Indian," lying opposite "In- dian Township No. r," now Mattawamkeag. It was or- ganized into the Plantation of Woodville in 1854, some one of the family of Benjamin Stanwood giving it its name. THE SETTLEMENT of most of the towns on the Upper Penobscot, or in the vicinity of Mattawamkeag, was by men who came to work upon the Military Road from Lincoln to Houlton, be- tween 1830 and 1835. Charles Scott and James Dudley came from Machias, Maine, to the upper part of Wood- ville, in the vicinity of what has been long known as the Phineas Libby Place. This was in 1832. A year after- wards Moses and Mark Scott made clearings and settle- ments in the vicinity. Previously, though but a vear or two, the Scotts had made settlennents in Chester, which lay between the lower end of this township and the Pe- nobscot River. In most instances log huts were built in the little clearings of the pioneers, til^, as prosperity dawned upon their efforts, they hewed out timbers from the plenteous pine found in their midst, and obtained boards to cover their mansions from Lincoln, the nearest mill, for a long time. In 1837 Clark Hanson made a falling of ten acres of trees on the place now occupied by James Pond, near the Chester line, near which Temple Ireland, in Chester, had made a settlement in 1832, the only and first clearing in that part of the town, Mr. Hanson was a brother of Eli Hanson, formerly of Bangor, who keeps a hotel there. The mother of Mr. Hanson, Mrs. Esther Han- son, of Winn, turned her one hundredth year September 12, 1881. In 1833 Peleg Otis and William Mayberry came from Brewer and made clearings where now the George Glid- den and James Pond farms are. Mr. Otis was to have a State lot given him, if he would make a farm there. Maanwhile, or within ten years, settlements increased in the upper part of the township, and especially down by the Penobscot River. James Dudley, 2d, and Roland and Charles Dudley made some slight clearings, all of which have since been abandoned. These were in the vicinity of Madakeunk Rips, in the Penobscot River. James Dudley, 2d, built a mill on Eagle Stream, close by the banks of the Penobscot River. This stream empties into the Penobscot a short distance above the mouth of the Medakeunk Stream. This was about 1840. In 1842 Benjamin Stanwood came from Eden, Maine, and settled near the Libby place. His son Calvin now resides there. John White and Simon Hanson, about 1840, made farms where now John E. Faloon and Donald Smith have the best farms in town, on a high point of land back of the Eagle Stream, above spoken of. INDUSTRIES. The northwestern side of the township is drained by *Nearly the whole remainder of this sketch is by B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 513 the Pattagumpas Stream, which empties into the Penob- scot just north of Woodville, in Medway, that part of it forming "Tract three." This gives an opportunity for lumbering in that part of Woodville and Township No. 2, lying west of Woodville. Through the central and southwestern part of the township runs the Ebhors Stream emptying into the Madunkeunk stream. On the streams of this town there is considerable meadow hay cut, particularly near the town of Winn. THE PIONEER SCHOOLS. Margaret Crocker was the pioneer to instill into the minds of Woodvillians the rudiments of education. There are now three school districts in the Plantation. MODERN TIMES. With the exception of some half a dozen farms, the settlements in Woodville are made on the county road running to Medway, all the rest being an almost un- broken wilderness. During the summer of i88r a road was laid out by_ County Commissioners, running from nearly, opposite Winn village in Chester, to the county road, 'which will greatly develop this section. About the year 1875 an act of incorporation was passed to make Woodville a town by that name, but it was not accepted by the people. A LARGE OWNER. A few years ago Messrs. H. Poor & Son, of Boston, own- ers of the tannery at Winn, bought a large part of the wild land in Woodville, but gradually sold it off; and a large tract of some five thousand acres was sold in Oc- tober, 1 88 1, at Bangor. STATISTICS. Woodville Plantation had 230 people in i860, 170 in 1870, and 223 in 1880. The voters of Woodville numbered 32 in 1870, and 50 in 1880. The estates in these years were valued at $30,196 and $3i>937- THE PUBLIC OFFCERS in the Plantation in 1881 were as follow: Woodville, Mrs. Caroline Read; North Woodville, Calvin Stan wood. Postmasters; Charles Rush, Joel F. Kimball, Benjamin F. Read, Assessors; Joel F. Kimball, Clerk; Joel F. Kimball,, Treasurer ; Charles Rush, Constable and Col- lector; Thomas Scammon, Calvin Stanwood, Joel F. Kimball, School Committee. A BIOGRAPHY. George Glidden, who came to Woodville in 1836, is a son of Arnold and Hannah Glidden, who came from .6s Pittston, Kennebec county. They had eight children — Mercy, Nancy, Polly, Betsey E., Hannah, and Charles, all of whom are deceased ; and those living are Susan, now Mrs. Robert Betham, of Enfield, and George, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Glidden came here after George made the settlement where he now lives, and spent the remainder of his days here. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He died about 1850 ; and Mrs. Glidden about i860. George Glidden was born May 8, 1806, in the town of Pittston, Maine. He mar- ried for his first wife Miss Mary Betham, by whom he had four children — Harriet, deceased wife of James Sib- ley; Augustus, deceased in the army; James, now in Aroostook county; and Jeremiah, of Woodville. Mrs. Glidden died in 1835. Mr. Glidden married for his second wife Mrs. Ruth Button, who died in 1878. Mr. Glidden cleared up the farm where he now lives. He has cleared one hundred acres, and owns seventy of it now. He has been engaged in lumbering quite exten- sively, in connection with his family. ■WB.ST INDIAN. This settlement, so called to distinguish it from the other, known as East Indian, both being situated upon townships belonging formerly to the Penobscot Indian reservation, is another of the sparsely settled plantations erected in 1875, but whose organization has not been maintained. The name totally disappears from the cen- sus returns of 1880, but in 1870 the tract had thirteen inhabitants. It was first settled about 1820. It is situated west of Medway. WHITNEY RIDGE. This settlement, whose name will be found upon the census returns, is in a strip of Township No. 3, in the Eighth Range of the Waldo Patent, just north of Max- field. It was settled in 1836, and organized as a Plantation in the same year when Pattagumpus and West Indian were similarly organized; but in this tract, as in the others named, the organization is not main- tained. Whitney Ridge had a population of 18 in 1870. "SETTLEMENTS." Under this head the inhabitants of the unorganized townships in the county have been enumerated as a group in the census returns of the last three decades. They had in all 1,074 people in 1850, 1,287 •" 1870, and 170 in 1880. The small number reported the last i year is doubtless due to a more detailed enumeration in the several divisions of the county then had been cus- tomary. 1. T. Crosby. 2. Heirs of S. Cros- bys 3. Theo. Trafton. 4. Peter Burgess. 5. B. Emeison. 6. Tbos. & Charles Low. 7. Wm. Hammond. 8. Jacob Dennett. 9. John Dennett. 10. Heirs of J. Dun- ning. 11. R. Lapish et al. 12. John Haynes. 13. Wm. Boyd. 14. Heirs of J. Kel- sea. 15. S. Noble, (first minister.) 16. Thos. Howard. 17. R. Treat. 18. R. Hitchbum. 19. D. Webster. 20. R. Treat. 21. R. Treat. 22. J. Drutamond. 23. Abraham Allen. 24. Ewins & Haines. 25. R. Treat. 26. R. Treat. 27. R. Treat. 28. R. Treat. 29. Jona. Lewder. 30. A. McPhetres. 31. R. Treat. 32. R. Treat. 33. R. Treat. 34. R. Treat. 3S- D. Emerson. 36. R. Treat. 37. Joseph Mansell. 38. T. Crosby. 39. R. Treat. 40. R. Treat. 41. R. Webster. 42. John Crosby. 43. Godfrey & Web- ster. 44. S.Gieenleaf rt al. 45. S.Greenleaf eial. 46. J. Gardner. 47. A. Griffin. 48. Wm. Davis. 49. Wm. Davis. 50. Wm. Hasey. 51. Wm. Hasey," 52. R. Lapish et al. 53. R. Lapish et al. 54. S. Sherburne. 55. Wm. Lancaster. 56. A. Clark. 57. G. FuUman. 58. R. Lapish et aL 59. S. Potter. 60. R. Lapish et al. 61. Joseph Potter. 62. R. Lapish et al. 63. W. Hammond. 64'. R. Lapish et aL 65. R. Lapish et al 66. W. Potter etal. 67. John Smart. 68. N. Harlow. 69. Wm. Hasey. 70. W. Hammond. 71. xleirs of Jamds Dunning. 72. D. Campbell. 73. D. Campbell. 74. Wi Hammond. 75. W. Hammond. 76. W. Hammond. 77. W. Hammond. 78. A. Patten. 79. R. Lapish et al So. R. Lapish et al. 81. HeirsofJ.Kelsea 82. Heirs oif James Boyd. 83. Heirs of T.How- ard. 84. John Haynes. 85. R. Lapish etal. 86. R. Lapish et al. 87. R. Lapish et al 88. Ben>. Bussey, 89. R. Lapish. 90. Wm. Boyd. 91. D. Webster. 92. Jona. Morse. 93. P. Campbell. 94. P. Campbell 95. J. Drummond. 96. David Neal 97. John Harlow. 98. J. Drupimond. 99. W. Forbes. 100. Jos. Treat loi. Heir! of Mc- Laughlin, 102. Hatch, Patten, etal ' 103. B. Emerson. 104. R. Treat. 105. J. Low(}er. 106. W. Hammond. 107. A. Hathom. 108. D. Hathom. 109. S. Hathom. "o. Jos. Treat, in. Patten et al. 112. Benj. Low. 113. J. Hutchings, 114. T. & G. Uv. Scale 400 roda to i Inch. Copud from Park Holland's Plan in the Office of the Register of Deeds, Penobscot County, Maine, being his return of the Survey of Settlers' lots who settled in said town previous to February 23, I79^- Survey and Plan made 1801. W. Coombs, C. E. BANGOR. CHAPTER I. Evidences of Early French Occupancy of Penobscot — Progress of English Settlements up the Penobscot River — Settlement of Bangor in 1769— Jacob Russell the First Settler — Settlers of 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, and 1774 — First Religious Meetings — First Missionaries — Rev. Daniel Little— First Doctor — The Penobscot Indians — Their Course in the Revolutionary War — First Frame House in Bangor — Trucit House — The Truck Master — Jedediah Preble. 1769 to 1776. Although the French were up and down the Penobscot River during a century and a half before the conquest of Canada (in 1759), and erected dwellings at various points on its banks, yet no dwellings were found standing when the English came into the region. Tracts of land had been cleared, and cellars of houses remained, but no other evidences of the occu- pancy of the country by civilized man were in existence. Until after the erection of Fort Pownall, in 1759, there were no traces of EngUsh settlements above Wassum- keag (Fort Point). The southern part of Orphan Island (now Verona) was settled in 1763, and Colonel Jonathan Buck was the first settler in Bucksport, in 1794. The progress of settlement up the river was slow. It did not reach Bangor until 1769. There was some un- certainty in regard to the disposition of the Indians ; but Jacob Buswell* or Bussell, a poor man, sometimes fisher, boat-builder, and cooper, ventured to erect and occupy a log cabin upon the high land east of the Ken- duskeag and overlooking the river, just below the rocksf of Champlain. It was a beautiful spot near the intersection of what are now York and Boyd streets, and not far from the rear of St. John's (Roman Catholic) church. Near it was a fine spring, which has disappeared beneath the improvements of later years. The view down the river — then unobstructed — was three or four miles in extent, and very beautiful. The selection of the site showed taste in Mr. Bussell or some members of his family. But he was a squatter. He had a wife and nine chil- dren. He might have been a private soldier with habits *The following petition is in the Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 78, page 550 : '\ To His Excellancy, Thomas Pownall, Esq., Province of the Captain-General & Governor in Chief and over Massachusetts >said Province, to ye Hon'ble His Majesty's Bay. I Council & House of Representatives in Gen'I J Court, assembled June ye lothe, JV59* Humbly Shews— John Buswell, of Salisbury, that his son Jacob Buswell was « soldier in ye Canada Expedition in 1758, under Capt. William Osgood, and he was taken sick on ye Rode Coming home and lay sick six weeks after he got Home and your petitioner was put to great charge for Nursing and Doctor's mil and other necessarys agreeable to account herewith annexed. Wherefore your petitioner Humbly prays your Excellency and Honors that he may be allowed as is usual in like cases; and your Humble Petitioner in Duty bound will ever pray. _, „ JOHN BUSWELL. ihe Committee reported £a o o ia full. "H-arge ledges in the Penobscot River off the foot of Nswbury street, now covered by Roberts's wharf. not unexceptionable, and in poor health. If so, there was good reason for his seeking a region where he could ob- tain land and feed for nothing, where he would not be likely to be found by the tax collector and deputy sheriff, and where game and fish were abundant at his hand. For such advantages such a man could afford to risk the questionable disposition of savage neighbors. But Mr. Jacob Bussell was not long a solitary squatter in that region. His son Stephen, who had just married Lucy Grant, came with Caleb Goodwin and his wife and eight children, from Castine in the spring of 1770, and put up their log huts a Httle southerly of that of the first settler. It was soon learned abroad that there were attractions at this point, and the Bussells and Goodwins were not long permitted to enjoy them alone. The illusion of savage unfriendliness being dispelled, men who had their fortunes to make were disposed to avail themselves of the resources of this virgin country. In 1771-72 Thomas Howard, Jacob Dennet, Simon Crosby, Thomas, John and Hugh Smart — brothers — Andrew Webster, Joseph Rose, David Rowell, Solomon and Silas Harthorn, and Joseph Mansel, estabUshed themselves within the precincts of what is now Bangor, though at some distance from the first comers. Mr. Howard first built and occupied a cabin near the river, but afterward built a house on the northerly side of State street, about a mile from the Kenduskeag Stream, where Miss Hannah F. Howard, one of his descendants, now lives. Dennet took the lot where the Central Rail- road station is; Rose, a lot near Treat's Falls; Rowell, a lot further up the river; (some of his descendants are now in Eddington and Bradley); the Smarts took lots, severally, near the First Parish meeting-house and Morse's Hill. An- drew Webster built his cabin on the easterly side of Main street, at its intersection with Water street. Nearly all these came from Woolwich and Brunswick and neigh- borhood, in this State. The Harthorns were from Wor- cester, Massachusetts, and built the first framed house not far from Mt. Hope. It stood between the road and the river a short distance below the Penjejawock Stream. Some of the family descendants are now in that neigh- borhood. .Solomon died at Sunkhaze (now in Milford). They both had large families. Joseph Mansel came from Bagaduce (Castine) to Ban- gor in 1 77 1. He built a saw-mill for the Harthorns on the easterly side of the Penjejawock* Stream a little beyond where the railroad bridge now is, and assisted in building a dam and bridge on that stream above, where, subsequeixtly, was the county road. About fifteen years •Pronounced Penja-jaw-wock. Si8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. afterwards he built a grist-mill near the same place, which was the first grist-mill in the Plantation. Before this the people were obliged to carry their corn by water to be ground, to a grist-mill a little way above Fort Point, until Benjamin Wheeler built his grist-mill in Hampden, on the Sowadabscock Stream, in 1776, when they carried it there, and afterwards to Brewer's mill on the Segeun- deunk, until this mill was built. Robert Treat, who was born in Boston in 1752, left there in 1769, when he was seventeen years of age, and came to Fort Pownall, where he was an armorer. He came to Bangor in 1774, when twenty-two years old, and built his cabin near the foot of Newbury street. He shortly afterward removed further up the river, and opened a shop for traffic a little southerly of the Penje- jawock Stream. Dr. John Herbert came from the West in 1774. He had had trouble with his wife. He took lodgings at Mr. David Howard's, and was here until 1779, when his son came and took him home, where he soon afterward died. He was bowed down with melancholy, but was highly esteemed. He was a Calvinist, and took the lead in re- hgious meetings, which were generally held every Sun- day. He was learned and a good physician, though not regularly educated to that profession. He taught school in a house southerly of Penjejawock Stream, and was probably the first male teacher in the place. He was a fine teacher and elegant penman. Many debts were due him when he left, which were never called for or paid. The first school in the settlement was taught by Abi- gail Ford. It was commenced in 1773, in a log house just under the Hickbon hill, near Treat's Falls, and a few rods from the river. In 1772 Mr. Cotton came and settled near the wester- ly end of the bridge now over the Penobscot, but did not survive the year. His was the first death. The first trading-house was opened about this time near the mouth of the Kenduskeag by Thomas Gold- thwait, son of the commander of Fort Pownall. He was a Tory, and disappeared when the Revolutionary war commenced. The first two births of white children occurred this year. ,Mary Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, was born June 30, 1772. She married Andrew Mayhew and was the mother of our late fellow-citizen, Captain John A. Mayhew. Hannah Harthorn, daughter of Silas Harthorn, was born September 10. She had three husbands — first, An- drew McLaughlin ; second, Samuel Babbige, and third. Captain Joseph Mansell. Mansell was at the first wed- ding in Bangor, of a daughter of Jacob Bussell. James Dunning came from Brunswick in 1772 or '73, and took the lot on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, at its confluence with the Penobscot. He first built on the low land a few rods south of the Kenduskeag bridge. He afterward built a one-story frame house on High street, easterly of the angle, and where Mr. Burpee's house (built by Oliver Frost) now stands. Some of his descendants are among the principal citizens jof Bangor and Charleston, in this county. Simon Crosby, who establi?hed himself near the Hamp- den line, was from WoolwicL and the maiden name of his wife was Sarah Sewall, who was from Bath, and was of the distinguished Sewall family. His dwelling was about a mile southerly of the Kenduskeag Stream, and upon his lot are now several fine rebidenceipof his descendants of the third, fourth, and fifth generations. He was the father of General John Crosby, a former enterprising merchant of Hampden, and grandfather of our late fellow-citizens James and Timothy Crosby, and of Jotham S. Crosby, who is still living; of the late Major John Crosby, of Hampden, and of Deacon Benjamin Crosby, recently deceased. The family has ever been highly prosperous and respected. Mrs. Crosby was a religious woman and much beloved. There were other women of similar religious sentiments within four or five miles of her in every direction, and they agreed to hold private meetings for prayer by them- selves, whepever circumstances would permit. The ar- rangement was observed with much fidelity, and was the origin of all strictly female prayer-meetings that have been held in the towns in which those ladies resided. These meetings were held by them together, probably until 1787, after which it was more convenient for the ladies in the several towns to have separate meetings.* Before 1774 there had been several religious meetings in the settlement. They were held in the cabins of the settlers, and in barns when the weather was favorable. A Calvinist preacher by the name of Ripley is the first of whom mention is made. On September 18, 1784, Rev. Daniel Little, of Kenne- bunki was at Captain Smart's, at Condeskeag. It being Sunday he preached and baptized six children. He notice^ that "the people on the river were very dissimilar in their education and outward circumstances. Some of good life, sense, and known virtue; some quite the reverse." One Canadian Indian attended his meeting. The next morning Mr. Little, with Captain Smart, went to Captain Preble's — who was then truckmaster for the Indian trade, at the head of the tide, or falls — for the purpose of seeing the Indians. None were there, however; but in the afternoon, with Captain Jonathan Lowder for a pilot, he walked up on the western side of the river about two miles, when he saw an encampment of Indians on the eastern side. Calling for a pass, Pierre Sock, a young Indian, came and took them across in a birch canoe. He found about twenty Indians, young and old, and nearly half of them were so drunk as to be incapable of seeing, hearing, speaking, or moving — "dead drunk." Of the rest, about seven were Canadians, and the others " the dregs or remains of the old Penob- scot tribe." They were smoking, laughing, or frowning, strutting, or jumping. He found that they were not in a condition to receive instruction from him and soon left them. But he took much interest in Pierre Sock, who was a Canadian Indian, about nineteen years of age. He visited Mr. Little at the truck-house in the evening after his return, dressed partly in French habit. He conversed * Jacob McGaw's Journal. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 519 in French, and, as Mr. Little had an interpreter with him belonging to the truckmaster, he passed a very agreeable evening. He had come from Trois Rivieres about six weeks before, with his parents. His grandmother was probably English. His mother had English features, but it was questionable whether she were altogether Eng- lish. "She was delivered of a child the other night abroad in the rain, and well the next day in the truck- house — which is Indian by art, if not by nature." Pierre said he would go away with Mr. Little, if his parents were willing. He said that he had been half the time with the French and half the time with the Indians ; that he was baptized when six years old; tliat he went to the priest for the pardon of his sins; that he should have them all pardoned after he had been once, twice, six times, and honestly told him all that he knew of his bad words, actions, and thoughts; but when sick, or a great way from the priest, he believed he was in no danger, and was not afraid of his sin, for he prayed -to God every night and morning. Neither Mr. Little nor Pierre could influence his parents to permit their son to leave them. When they walked together in the bushes his parents would halloo, lest he should be stolen, and Pierre would say, "Can't go against parents." "Will you come and live with me when you are free?" "Never free with us Indians — never free until we are married." After paying tribute to the innocence and integrity of Pierre, who possessed more than all the rest, Mr. Little exclaims: "O, Penobscot! into what a sink of filth, folly, and beastly nastiness and intemperance hUve thy original warlike inhabitants fallen! Oh! my soul pities all those who are never likely to be brought by any means to know the pleasures of men and wise men. May these remains be treated justly and temperately by all the English that now dwell on their borders. Took my leave of Pierre Sock and his parents and sorne of the dreadful, ugly, yet to be pitied Penobscot tribe."* The Indians were uncomfortable neighbors. They were poor and degraded, as Mr. Little says, but the set- tlers pitied them, as he did, and endured them. In 177 1 one named Nunguenat, of a churlish and violent dispos- ition, on returning from hunting, fell upon his wife, a weak and complaining woman, who was groaning, and exclaimed "always yawl," and with great fury killed her. He concealed her body under the ice near "the Point." It was afterwards found and buried. It was not under- stood that his people proceeded against him for murder. But before the British were at Castine, there was another Indian about the country whose hand had been burnt off for murdering his squaw. Before the Revolutionary war the Indians threatened to drive the settlers out, but after hostilities were com- menced they professed great friendship for the Americans. , For years after the first settlement, in the day-time and in the night-time, they burst in the doors of the cabins and went in to warm themselves. If the people of the house were before the fire, they would make them remove that they might make themselves comfortable, and some- times would stretch themselves upon the floor with their *Mr. Little's Journal of 1774. feet towards the fire. If any food was in sight they ap- propriated it, but stole nothing else. One morning an Indian visited the house of Mrs. Howard and employed her to prepare a breakfast for him. She did so, and placed it upon a barrel in the cor- ner of the room. The moment it was ready another In.dian rushed in, and, seeing the first, there was a strug- gle, and both fell upon the floor. The assailant turned the other upon his face, and, kneeling upon his shoulders, seized his lock of hair with both hands and twisted his neck and head with such violence that he came near dis- locatmg it. In the midst of this contest a third Indian came in, and, seeing the breakfast, commenced devouring it, when Mrs. Howard told him to whom it belonged. "Ay," said he, "very good fight," and having coolly dis- posed of it, went his way, leaving its owner in a very melancholy frame of mind. To keep themselves from starvation and from suffering by cold were the chief objects of these people. They were always hungry. When first visited by Champlain they clothed themselves in the skins of wild beasts. They then gradually adopted the coarse blankets of civil- ization, and the material and fashion of their apparel have been gradually modified, until within a few years it is similar to that of their American neighbors. They were esteemed chaste, and no Indian was known to offer vi- olence to a female. They were very expert in hunting and fishing. The young men were very' fond of playing at ball. The men had their hair cut short, with the ex- ception of a lock around the crown of the head. They slept upon bear-skins and covered themselves with blan- kets. Before Europeans visited the country, the notice of the engagement of a female to be married was given by her wearing one blue stocking and one red one. At one time, on Saturdays, they had a kind of religious meeting, with prayers and singing. Some of the Indians lived to a great age, Tomer died before the Revolutionary war, at the age of one hundred and ten. Osson, who held a commission of Justice of the Peace, lived to be a hundred years old, and Orono was about one hundred and ten when he died. Orono was a principal chief — in the Indian language K'tche sun- gur-mur. The next in rank was called Sungur-mur, from which sagamore; from which sa-chem-o; from which sachem. The Indians did not use the word sachem. It was transmitted by the whites.* The men and women were fond of showy dresses and ornaments. Colonel John Allan states that when he was initiated into the St. John tribe, Ambroise, the chief, was dressed in a blue Persian silk coat, embroidered crimson silk waistcoat four inches deep, and scarlet knit breeches; also gold-laced hat with white cockade. Another had blue silk trimmed with vellum, crimson breeches, and gold-laced hat. The other chiefs were richly dressed after their fashion — their blankets were curiously laced with ribbons. That day the men had a feast, and, as was the custom, a feast was provided for the squaws, after which there were dancing and festivities in the evening by the young men and women, who were dressed elegantly ♦Williamson's Annals of Bangor. S20 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. after their fashion, and adorned with bracelets, large brooches, and hair-boxes of silver curiously engraved with the figures of divers kinds of animals, flowers, etc.* On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, the Provincial Congress made earnest efforts to secure the Eastern Indians in the American interest. On May 15, 1775, they wrote a letter to them from Watertown, Mas- sachusetts, setting forth that the Ministry of Great Brit- ain had laid deep plots to take away the liberties of the people of this country, Americans and Indians, and to make them pay them all their money when they never earned it; to make them their servants; to let them have nothing to eat or drink or wear except what they pleased; to prevent their having guns and powder to kill deer, wolves and other game ; to break up the trade in skins and furs; and that Captain Goldthwyit had given up Fort Pownall to their enemies, at which both Americans and Indians were angry, and expressing the hope that neither they nor the Indians in Canada would join their enemies, and that they should be able soon to supply them with guns and powder of their own makmg, and promising also to supply them with clothing and warlike stores as fast as they could. They sent Captain John Lane to raise a company among them to join in the war, and promised to give each one who enlisted a blanket and a ribbon, as they had the Indians of Stockbridge, and to pay them while they were from home in the service. The Penobscot Indians were pleased with the proposi- tions, and made generous offers of friendship and assist- ance in the war, and made Captain I.ane their agent to look after their interests. Whereupon the Provincial Congress, on June 21, 1775, sent them a letter, in which they thanked them for their offers, and strictly for- bade "any person or persons whatsoever from trespassing or making waste upon any of the lands and territories or possessions beginning at the head of the tide on Penob- scot River, extending six miles on each side of said river now claimed by the Indians of the Penobscot tribe." They promised, "as soon as they could take breath from their present fight, to furnish them with a proper commis- ■ sary to supply them with provisions, ammunition, and goods at a reasonable rate, and to take effectual measures to prevent dishonest persons from carrying on a fraudu- lent traffic with them." They also accepted Captain Lane as their agent, whom they authorized to report to them any molestation of or depredation on the tribe, that they might have seasonable and effectual redress. Colonel Thomas Goldthwait had permitted Mowatt to dismantle Fort Pownall in April. It was considered a treasonable act by the people, and as the truck trade which was important to the Indians, as they could obtain their goods of the Government agents without paying the prices they were obliged to pay to outsiders, and pay for them in skins and furs —was stopped by it, the Indians were incensed against him. It was contemplated by peo- ple in the neighborhood to arrest him.f Mr. Elihu Hewes, who was then at Hampden, thought that, " on a fair and impartial examination, it would appear that Col- * Kidder's Eastern Maine, 98-9. tEnocii Freeman's Letter, Massachusetts Archives, May, 1775. onel Goldthwait had been a steady, uniform friend to our Constitution." General Jedediah Preble wrote to Hon. Joseph Warren, President of the Continental Con gress, from Falmouth, June 15, that he had no doubt that Goldthwait would make interest to have provision made for subsistence of the garrison at Penobscot, but was "such a man fit to command such a fortification as Fort Pownall, who would suffer two schooners to rob it of guns and ammunition?" The General, in the same letter, said it would be the height of imprudence to neglect the supplying the truck trade, and urged Mr. Warren to use his influence that his son, Jedediah, Jr., be continued truckmaster, as he had been at great expense to provide himself with a habita- tion and other necessaries for carrying on the Indian trade. In June, 1775, Captain Lane went to Boston with Orono, Jo Peare, Poris, and another chief, and Andrew • Oilman as interpreter, to meet the Provincial Congress. They called on General Preble, at Falmouth, and were provided with carriages to convey them, and with money, - given to Captain Lane, to pay their expenses. General Preble said : " Orono, the chief man, seems to be sensi- ble, and hearty in our cause. He reserves what he chief ly has to say till he comes to the Congress." It was be- lieved at Penobscot that he was of white parentage and stolen by the Indians when a child. The residents es- teemed him as honest, kind-hearted, and intelligent. Oilman is represented as inferior in mind and stature, but was possessed of some vivacity and cunning. He dressed in the Indian costume, hunted and traded with the In- dians, and spoke their language as well as a native. He was never married, but had a son by a native. He orig- inated in York county.* The visit of Orono to Boston produced good results. The Provincial Congress, on June 24, recommended to "our good brethren, the Indians of the Penobscot tribe, to immediately apply to General Preble and Colonel Freeman for a supply of provisions and all the necessary goods," and, on July 9, it empowered those gendemen to supply them, at the truck-house at Penobscot, with goods not exceeding ;^3oo in value, and to receive furs and skins in exchange. On July ro the Committee on Supplies were directed to deliver to Captain Lane twen- ty-five pounds of powder for the Indians. The arrangement made by the Provincial Congress with the Penobscots had a favorable effect upon the Maracheet, or St. John Indians. Their chiefs, Ambroise and Pierre Toma, appeared at the truck-house of Mr. Preble, and availed themselves of the services of Jona- than Lowder, a recent gunner at Fort Pownall, in com- municating with the council. Captain Thomas Fletcher and Lieutenant Andrew Oilman were present as inter- preters. On the 1 2th of September, 1775, they directed to the Congress a letter, in which they said that they had learned that the Americans were engaged in a war with Great Britain, and that the Penobscot tribe had engaged to join them — that they heartily joined with that tribe in every arrangement they had made or should * Williamson's History of Maine, II., 426; Bangor Centennial, 38. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 5" make with the Massachusetts Colony, and were re- solved to stand together and oppose the people of " Old England " in their endeavors to deprive them of their lands and liberties— that the Americans and Indians were brothers of one father, " and one God made us all, and we will stand by you as long as the Almighty will give us strength " — that they had nowhere to look for assistance but to the Council, and desired that they would help them to a priest, that he might pray with them to God Almighty — that they had no place to go to but Penobscot for support, and that they desired the Council would provide ammunition, provisions and goods for them there, and they would in return give them their furs and skins, and assistance.* . An arrangement was made with the St. John and Passamaquoddy Indians.who, under Colonel John Allan, performed good service, f On October i6, 1775, the Provincial Congress sent a resolve with a letter to the St. John and Micmac In- dians, informing them that their truckmaster would sup- ply them with provisions, etc., in exchange for furs, and expressing a hope that they should have their assistance in the war against "the wicked people of Old England." Jedidiah Preble, Jr., who had been the truckmaster at Fort Pownall, was appointed to the same position at Penobscot Falls in 1774. Stephen Smith was appointed truckmaster at Machias, and supplied the St. John and Passamaquoddy Indians. Mr. Preble was not popular with the Indians. In a letter to Captain Lane, evidently written by Jonathan Lowder, dated November 22, 1775, they complained of him as truckmaster, and said that he delayed furnishing the supplies to those who came for them ; so they got drunk, and didn't carry them to the Indians when they had received them; that he laid in bed until 10 o'clock, and if they spoke to him to trade with them, he would go away and be gone for a whole day together ; that they wanted Jonathan Lowder for truckmaster; that they had chosen him, and the General Court confirmed their choice. On May 3, 1776, the letter was replied to. It was admitted to be a mistake that Preble was appointed instead of Lowder; and promise was given that Lieuten- ant Oilman would be with the Indians at Penobscot dur- ing the summer, and when the General Court was in session it would find such a truckmaster as would supply them with what they wanted, f The frame house built by the Harthorns in 1773-4, was doubtless the "habitation" referred to by Ris (Preble's) father. It was built for him, and he occupied it as a truck-house. It was a large one-story house, and stood on the river side of the road, nearly opposite the present residence of Mr. Charles Forbes, by whose father it was occupied for many years after 1800. There is a tradition that Preble had a daughter who, with her maid, made a clandestine arrangement with two young Tarratines to elope with them. He discovered it, however, in season to prevent the project being consum- *Kidder's Eastern Maine, 54-5. tMassachusetts Archives, v. 144, p. 322. JMassachusetts Archives, v. 144, p. 353. mated, and confined his romantic child until he had an opportunity to send her westward to his friends. Mr. Preble was born in York in 1734. He was the General's oldest son. He married Avis Phillips, of Boston in 1 761-2. He possessed a very retentive memory — repeated the whole of Whitfield's sermon concerning Abraham offering up Isaac, on hearing it once. He possessed talents and genius, "but sometimes indulged in language unbecoming a rational creature, " until the loss of property made him more patient. He dreamed that Whitfield, pointing to the text — "He that being often reproved," etc., — directed him to preach. He did not, however, but being a genius, made some attempts at poetry. One poem of five stanzas he dedicated to his son Jedidiah. The first stanza will give an idea of his ability as a votary of the mases. "Jeddy, my first-born, study to please. Then with thy days thy wisdom will increase. Ne'er to thy fond father be thou unkind, But cultivate a docile, gentle mind. Thy conduct , let it ever virtuoas be. Warring against each sin most hopefully." Could he have been a Tory? Such was the belief at Penobscot, but this is doubted by his kindred of this day. In 1782 or 1783 he was in a vessel, bound from Castine for Passamaquoddy, which was wrecked on Seal Island about nine leagues from the coast. It was very dark when the vessel struck, and while he was engaged forward, the crew and passengers hurried ashore, leaving him alone. Upon discovering this, he attempted to land. There was a raging surf, and the vessel was thrown so violently against the rocks that, when he was going aft, the planks separated, and he stepped unwit- tingly between them, when they instantly closed and crushed and shattered his leg. When the vessel struck again, the seam re-opened, and he extricated himself and succeeded in getting ashore. Little could be done for his relief. He lived upon water and a fowl called gannet, which his companions caught and cooked for him, though very badly for want of fuel. After nine days of suffering, he died. It is said that a writing was found upon him, giving an account of his sufferings and expressing regret for the course he had taken. He was enterprising. His age at the time of his death was forty-eight or forty-nine.* * Bangor Centennial, 34. Captain George Henry Preble's Geneo- logical Sketch of the Prebles. In a note Captain Preble says, " I doubt his having been a Tory as stated. " 522 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. CHAPTER II. John Brewer— His Mill at Segeundedunk— New Worcester — Tract Lotted by Joseph Chadwick — The Revolution Prevents Obtaining a Grant — Elihu Hewes's Opinion ot the Patriotism of the People — Anecdote of High Liberty Men — First Organization of a Military Band in 1776 — Andrew Oilman, Lieutenant and Commander — Headquarters near Mount Hope — Heads of Families North of Bald Hill Cove in 1776 — Benjamin Wheeler — Wheelerborough — The years 1777 and 1778 — Penobscot, St. John, and Passamaquoddy Indians and Captain John .Allan — They help drive Sir John Collier from Machias — British try to Gain Them — Allan's Influence Prevents — Orono and John Neptune — The Belts — The British at Castine — General McLean and Brewer — Saltonstall's Fleet — Brewer's In- terview with General Lovell and Saltonstall — Saltonstall's De- feat — Mowatt at Brewer's — His Conduct — McLean's Kindness to Prisoners — Brewer Leaves the River during British Occupa- tion — British Destroy Buildings of Settlers who will not submit' Luniei and Other British Agents — Indians Continue Loyal during the War. 1770 to 1780. In September, 1770, John Brewer came from Worcester to the Penobscot, in pursuit of a place to establish himself. Arriving at the stream on the eastern side of the river, called by the Indians Segeunde- dunk, he examined it up to the ponds or source, as he did two or three other streams on the same side of the river; and afterwards the Condeskeag, for an eligible site for a mill-dam. He selected the Segeundedunk, and, after laying the foundation of his dam at its mouth, re- turned to Worcester. In April of the next year he re- turned with workmen and erected his mill, and, having got it in operation, leased it. He put up a house frame and boarded it. There were with him twenty-one others, and they formed themselves into a company and ran out a tract of territory extending from Buck's Ledge eight or nine miles below, twelve miles to the head of the tide, and back from the river six miles. This was called New Worcester. In December Mr. Brewer again returned to Worcester and in April, 1772, brought with him his family, and set- tled in the place where he had built his house and mill. The tract-taken up by the company was lotted on the river by Joseph Chadwick, but unfortunately his field notes and plans were lost. The company petitioned the Massachusetts Government for a grant of the land, with the intention of applying to the King to confirm it, but in the exciternent attending the rupture with Great Britain the petition was not attended to. Whereupon the com- pany applied directly to the Crown for the grant, through Dr. Calef, of Ipswich. The application was received favorably, and the business was within a day of being completed, when the news of the commencement of the hostilities in Massachusetts reached England, and noth- ing more was done there in regard to the grant. The news of the affairs at Lexington and Bunker Hill, the burning of Falmouth, with the dismantling of Fort Pownall, caused great excitement among the settlers of Penobscot. The larger portion of them were poor, but most of them had the disposition, if not the means, to aid in freeing the country from British domination. Mr. Elihu Hewes, in his letter of June 9, 1775, to Joseph. Warren, President of the Provincial Congress, said that he lived about twenty-three miles above Fort Pownall ; that the settlement was new, the first man that pitched in his neighborhood not having been there more .than five years, although Captain Jonathan Buck had been ten years at his place, which was not much more than eight miles above that Fort; that inhabitants were settled for more than twenty miles above him (Buck); that the peo- ple were firmly attached to the Constitution of the coun- try, and he was confident would support it to the last moment of their lives, "being willing in general to en- counter any difficulty rather than yield to that Band of Tyranny whose plodding pates had long been projecting methods to enslave" them. In the autumn before this lettter was written, some "high Liberty men" at Condeskeag manifested their loy- alty to the country by trimming the largest of the many oaks that stood on the bank of the river between one and two hundred rods above the Point, of its lower branches, and threatening to hang one David Rogers, a sea-captain, • upon it, if he would not take an oath to be true to the country. When he refused, they procured a rope to carry their threat into execution, but before proceeding fur- ther they indulged all around in much free rum. Rogers then took the oath. A military band was organized in 1776, consisting of twenty white men and ten Indians. To gratify the In- dians, Andrew Oilman was given a lieutenant's commis- sion, and was also given the command; Joseph Mansell was made orderly sergeant; William Potter, sergeant, and Ebenezer McKenney ^nd Samuel Low, corporals. This probably was the first military organization in the neigh- borhood of Conduskeag. A rough barrack in the angle at the intersection of the two diverging roads near Mount Hope Cemetery, through Veazie, was the headquarters. It was a partisan corps, and ranged all over the country until the British took possession of Machebiguataus (Bagaduce) in 1779. The following are the names of the heads of the fami- lies on both banks of the Penobscot between Deadwater (Stillwater) and Bald Hill Cove in 1776, and the tax of each as adjusted June i: Stephen Rowell i Patrick Mahany Robert Mann 1 Charles Blagden John Mansell, Jr James Budge. .- Emerson Orcutt John Mansell . .'. Kenneth McKenzie... Caleb Goodwin i Timothy Blake Simeon Johnson Henry Kenny Benjamin Higgins. . . . Josiah Brewer James Ginn i Phineas Rice Jatnes McCordy Jonathan Pendleton. . . Peter Sangster Eliphalet Nickerson. .. i Joshua Ayres, i Jedidiah Preble, Esq... i Samuel Loro Stephen Bussell James Nichols Jonas Neal George Gardner. . . . . Michael McMahon Samuel Kidder Joseph Mansell Solomon Harthom i Samuel Wilson John Thorns i Elvin Samuel Kenny i John Emery i ' Phineas J ones 3 John Brewer i ' John Carraway * Jonathan Pearce 3 James Shirley 3 Abraham Preble 3 Joseph Arey ^ Ephraim Downs 18 J eremiah Colbiim i i Archibald McPhetres.. I 7 Joseph Page i ' 9 3 4 8 3 ■ 4 8 3 ' 7 9 I 7 3 ■ I 7 2 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 523 Silas Harthom i 10 10 Samuel Runnels 9 3 Widow Rose 166 Nathaniel Mayhew.... i 10 10 Thomas Howard 117 J acob Bvissell 148 WidowElizabeth Smart 148 John Holyoke 15 5 John Smart i 7 9 Ebenezer Haynes 15 5 Robert Campbell i 13 11 James Dunning 117 Andrew Webster 148 Jacob Dennett 18 6 Simon Crosby 2 o i Abner Crosby 6 2 Simeon Gorton 9 3 Elihu Hewes i 10 10 Samuel Kilman .' 9 3 Gustavus Swan 18 6 Andrew Patterson .... . i 10 10 John Sully 117 Benjamin Wheeler i 7 9 Andrew Grant i 7 9 Reuben Goodwin 117 Joshua Walker 12 4 Simeon Smith 3 i James Philbrook 18 6 Robert McCordy 12 4 Robert Treat 9 3 The tax enables us to see the relative position as to means of each settler upon this territory, whose first in- habitant had been upon it less than seven years. Benjamin Wheeler, whose name is found on the above list, settled near the Sowadabscook Stream, and doubt- less is the person referred to by Elihu Hewes as the "first man that pitched his tent in this neighborhood." This would fix his settlement in 1770.* He built a grist-mill on the Sowadabscook in 1770, and the territory was called for several years Wheelerborough. During the years 1777 and 1778 nothing worthy of note occurred upon the Penobscot. The settlers were too far from the seat of war, and too feeble in point of numbers and importance, to attract the attention of the enemy, and they were left to struggle for a livelihood unmolested. The movements of the Indians doubtless excited some interest, for there was constant intercourse between the Penobscots and St' John and Passama- quoddy Indians, with whom Captain John Allan had acquired an influence that enabled him to make them of service to the American cause, and to keep them from the control of the English.! The Penobscots were in constant trouble about their supplies. In 1777 they were in a state of great excitement — they were irregularly fur- nished with goods by every one who chose to trade with them, and were inevitably cheated. The Government arrangements were very imperfect, ' and in November a party, accompanied by Lowder and Oilman, went to Machias in a small privateer, having about thirty soldiers on board, and had an interview with Colonel Allan in regard to their troubles; that gentleman being their re- sort for redress when dissatisfied. Theyshovved him the letters from the General Court, and satisfied him that the promise therein had not been complied with, and that if that state of things continued they would go to Canada • • for their supplies. There was a British agent at the head of the river continually tempting them, whereupon Colonel Allan wrote to the Government that "diabolical proceedings had been carried on" on the Penobscot River, that there had been great embezzlements of public money as well as impositiori upon the Indians; that the Indians daily sold property which they got from the truck house, and consequently were daily calling there for more; that the British used "art and insinuations" to brmg them under their influence; that the prices of furs were high upon the continent of Europe, and that by *See ante. tKidder's Eastern Maine, note, 139, 147. economy and care, and the putting a stop to the traffic with them by petty traders — which was no better than pilfering — and keeping the truck house properly fur- nished and managed, the profits which the Government would derive from the furs would answer the cost, and the Indians would be of great service to the public cause, and that he had promised them that the agree- ment of the Government should be performed; and he urged the Government to give to the subject their prompt attention.* Prior to this, on, the 12th of August, six deputies from the Penobscots arrived at Machias, and on the next morning Colonel Allan had a conference with them and chiefs of the St. John and Passamaquoddy tribes, and interchanged strings of wampum "in token of lasting friendship between all parties." The conference ended in a feast, at which were present Colonel Jonathan Eddy, Major Stillman, Captain Smith, and many other officers of the army. "In the midst of the festal joy," says Colonel Allan's journal, " received the unwelcome news of the arrival of three ships, one brig, and one schooner." This proved to be the British expedition under Sir George Collier to take Machias. Colonel Allan, who, with his party, had arrived at Machias only five days before, with the Penobscots, joined the forces and made so good a defense that the ships were obliged to retreat with loss and the accomplishment of nothing. In this affair the Indians were of great service to the Americans. They " set up the Indian yell, which was followed by many at the different places, and no doubt caused the enemy to suppose there were some hundreds." Colonel Allan put into the hands of the Penobscots six guns, and they ac- quitted themselves so well that he made them presents, and after a renewal of pledges of friendship and love they departed well satisfied. The communication between the different tribes was by the river and lakes and by the sea-shore. Between the heads of streams and lakes there were short portages, over which they conveyed their canoes. There is one of these carrying-places between Eel and North Lakes, on the boundary northerly of the Cheputnecook Lakes, which has been the Indian path from time immemorial, and where it passes over the flat granite rocks it is worn into them by the tread of moccasins to the depth of two or three inches. The path or trail is always the same narrow foot-way, from which there is no deviation. In 1778, when Colonel Allan was watching the British of Nova Scotia, he was obliged to use all his skill to keep the Indians true to the Americans. They were very fickle, but their attachment to him was so great that he almost always influenced them to do as he advised. On July 30, 1778, he had a grand conference with some from all the tribes, and " demanded of them to throw aside their indolence and lethargic spirit, and to rouse to be ready when called upon," and they all declared they would be ready on the shortest notice. He ordered Lieutenant Gilman with six or eight Indians to fall in - about Medoctec (on the St. John, a little southeast of *Kidder's Eastern Maine, 151, 230, 235, 241, 244. *Kidder's Eastern Maine, 126, 129, 205, 208. 524 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Hodgdon), and sixteen of the Penobscots went, and by some manceuvering prevented the British agent, Franklin, and a Tory priest. Barley, (who went from Kennebec) tam- pering with the St. John Indians. They executed the business well and caused them to leave the river. The English continued their machinations at Penobscot, and Allan was written to by Lewder in regard to the matter. Some of the St. John Indians had been seduced and were tampering with the Penobscots, and Allan expressed himself discouraged about the intricate situation of the latter, but that the tribe had sent Orono and French Mitchell, both very suitable persons, to the Gen- eral Court to have a permanent footing arranged for the Indian trade, which was so profitable as to be the occasion of perpetual quarrels and jars until it was done. On April 30, 1779, John Neptune and Orono appeared at Mr. Preble's truck-house, having come by express with John Marsh from John Preble (a son of the General who was in the American service) with a message with wam- pum from Deputy Superintendent Smith, at Machias, notifying the whole tribe that Colonel Allan invited them to assemble at Machias on the 2Sth May to "receive the priest and bring their peltry with them." Neptune then exhibited three small strings of wampum, saying that they were sent to the tribe from Canada by two young men about three weeks before. He held up the first string and explained: "First string — We sent you this to open your eyes; second string — that you may see a great way; third string — that your ears may be opened to hear, and fix your hearts, that you may have a right under standing of .what I am going to tell you." Then, exhibiting a large belt of wampum, fifteen hun- dred white, he said that it was also sent to the tribe with a message, the substance of which was that they should have no connection with the Americans, that their pow- der and balls were treacherous, and the death of one of the tribe would make them sorry and angry; that the Americans did not know what they were about, fighting the "great King of England," who was determined to "whip them severely;" that they sent the great belt (which they wished to have immediately returned), that they might show it to the St. Johns and Micmacs, and inform them that the Indians were "coming across the woods as soon as the leaves are as big as our nails" to destroy the white people — three hundred on the Penobscot, three hun- dred on the Norridgewock River, and three hundred upon Cohos; that for the support of those Indians who were coming there were three hundred barrels of flour at Soccocon, and that they had provisions in Canada enough to last thirty years, if the war should last so long; that the belt was not sent for nothing, and they might depend that they sent them the truth; that there were then at and near Canada nine thousand Indians ready to exe- cute the orders of the British general, and finally that they were so rejoiced to get their wampum carried to the Penobscot that "they danced and drank three days and nights, and liquor was given them as free as water." Colonel Allan held the conference. Ninety canoes were present from the different tribes. Franklin and the priest, Bailey, had influenced some, but most submitted to Allan. By the Transactions of the American Antiquarian So- ciety (Vol., II., pp. 3i-32)it appears that the French adopted the names given by the Souriquois to the neigh- boring Indian tribes. The Etechemins or "Canoeraen" embraced the tribes on the St. John River, called Guy- gondy by Champlain, and of Passamaquoddy Bay; and the name extended thence westwardly along the seashore as far at least as Mt. Desert Island, De Monts Island, Boon Island. St. Croix River was always called River of the Etechemins by Champlain. The Indians west of the Kennebec River begin at Chacouet, and thence westwardly as far as Cape Cod were called Almouchequois by the Souriquois. Chacouet (probably Saco) is noticed by Champlain as the first place along the seashore where there was any cultivation. The Indians at the mou.h of the Kennebec planted, and informed him that those who cultivate" maize lived far inland or up the river. These inland cultivating Indians were the well-known Abenakis, consisting of several tribes, the principal of which were the Penobscots, the Norridge- wocs, and the Amoriscogyans. And it is not improbable that the In- dians at the mouth of both rivers, though confounded by Champlain with the Etechemins, belonged to the same nation. The vocabulary of the Abenakis is from Father Rasle, recently pubUshed in Boston, under care of Mr. Pickering. The Penobscot tribe, consisting of about three hundred souls, still exists on that river. The vocabulary of their language from two manuscripts, one taken by General Treat and obtained from Governor Lincoln, the other in Mr. Inponceau's collection, taken by Mr. Gardner of Maine. The dialects of those three Eastern nations, the Micmacs, the Etchemens, and the Abenakis, have great affinity with each other, but though evidently be- longing to the same stock, differ widely from the Algonquin language. The dividing line between the Algonquin and New England Indians is somewhere between Kennebec and Piscataqux They were all early converted by the Jesuits and were firmly attached to the French until the conquest of Canada, were in perpetual hostility with the British colonists. In 1754 all the .Abenakis except the Pe- nobscots withdrew to Canada, and that tribe was considered by the others as deserters from the common cause. They, the Passama- quoddys, and St. Johns, united in the War of Independence. Rev. M. C. O'Brien, pastor of St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) church, Bangor, who has given considerable at- tention to the language of the Indians, says: "Abena- quis, as pronounced in French, or Abenaki in English, expresses only the country or territory. The Indian word for its inhabitants is Wanbanakuoi — ak in the singular. Wanbanakiui, — the /being always pronounced like ee in English. Mr. O'Brien says in relation to Penobscot: "In In- dian (as in Rasle's Dictionary) Panawanbskek signifies a wide-spreading place — a broad expanse; a wide val- ley. It is not the name of the river in that form, which is called Panawanbske-witegwock, or teguk. Pentagoet is a corruption of Pemtegwek, a river, from pemi, a particle signifying flying continuity, and tegu, a wave, whence teguk, called "the Cook." It was deemed important by the British to have a mil- litary station at Muchebiguataus (Bagaduce, now Gas- tine) to protect their shipping in the eastern waters, and to overawe the people upon and eastward of the Penob- scot, who were known to be generally friendly to the cause of the patriots. Accordingly, on the 12th of June, 1779, General Francis McLean was sent thither with 650 soldiers in His Majesty's ships Blonde, Nautilus, and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 525 North, and transports, and landed on the 16th. He im- mediately commenced the erection of a fort upon the right of the peninsula, overlooking the harbor on the east and the Buck Cove on the west. This invasion of Penobscot was at a season of the year when the inhabitants were almost destitute of provisions, and, being very poorly supplied with arms and ammuni- tion, there was great terror among them, especially among the women and children. Several of the principal offi- cers met the people and consulted whether it was best to make defense or to submit on such terms as they might be able to obtain. The result was that Colonel Brewer and Colonel Smith, of Marsh Bay (formerly of Salem), should call upon General McLean and ascertain his dis- position in regard to them. They returned with the very gratifying information that, if they would be peaceable and attend only to their own affairs, they should not be disturbed. Colonel Brewer and others kept a bark canoe plying between his place and Camden, and every few days were able to commuuicate to the inhabitants in their neighbor- hood intelligence of what was transpiring in the outer world, and at length received information that Commo- dore Richard Saltonstall and General Solomon Lovell were coming from Massachusetts with a fleet and army to drive out the British. About a month after Brewer and Smith first visited McLean they were sent again to him by the people on some business which they accomplished to their satisfaction, and, being observant while upon the . peninsula, they took note of the works of the British and of their situation generally. From a rapid movement of the troops the Colonel felt that something important was about to take place, and judged that it would be for his interest to hasten away, and, informing his companion, they proceeded rapidly to their boat. They had hardly put off from the shore when the "grand rounds" were beaten for no person to leave. Having reached the head of the peninsula, they stood out with a light breeze up the river, and, casting their eyes down the bay, espied a large fleet, which they felt quite certain was the Massa- chusetts expedition, and were so overjoyed with the sight and with the anticipation of the early expulsion of the British, that they could hardly sleep during the night. They stopped all night, after having sailed up the river about six miles, and the next morning made some effort to discover the fleet, which was enveloped in fog ; but not succeedmg, they proceeded to Old Fort Point and walked about half a mile, when the fog lifted and they "had a full view of all the fleet, which had just got under way, and, with a small breeze, was standing up in Hne of bat- tle discharging their cannon at the British shipping as they, passed by." It was an imposing sight and must have impressed the enemy, from the number of trans- ports, that the force was very formidable. While admiring this beautiful spectacle, they were startled by the noise of oars, and looking in another di- rection saw below them, close under the cliff, several whale-boats full of armed men, upon which they ran to their boat, which was on the northerly side of the point, and were just hoisting the sail when the whale-boats came round the Point upon them, and they were ordered to stand. To Colonel Brewer's astonishment, the order came from his brother Josiah, who had been dispatched with a company of soldiers as an advance guard to be stationed at the Narrows at Buckstown (Bucksport), to stop com- munication. Jumping on board the boat of Brewer and Smith, Josiah led the flotilla to its destination, and, hav- ing accomplished his object, returned with his friends in their boat to the fleet; which, owing to the dense fog, they were not able to reach until the next morning. They were very politely received by General Lovell on board his ship, and he, on being informed that Colonel Brewer and Captain Smith had left the fort only about thirty- seven hours before, sent for Commodore Saltonstall to come on board, which he did. Being assured by Josiah Brewer that he might rely upon the communications that his brother and Captain Smith might make, the Commo- dore and General went with them into the cabin, and re- ceived from Colonel Brewer a detailed statement of the state of the fort and the British forces; that the fort, on the northerly side, overlooking the Cove, was about four feet high ; that the easterly and westerly ends were simi- lar to a stone wall, falling off gradually from the back side of the fort to the front, where the ground was not broken and but one log was laid ; that on the back side of the fort the ditch was about three feet in depth, and "the ends were tapering according to the height of the walls ;" that not a platform had been laid or a gun carried into the fort ; that a part of the troops were stationed at the upper end on the heath ; that there was no appear- ance of any artillery there ; that on a point there was a six-gun battery, and that was all they would have to en- counter on the land ; that a small battery had been be- gun on Cape Rozier Point ; that Captain Mowatt's ship, mounting twenty guns, and one other, mounting ten guns, he thought were all that lay opposite the fort. General Lovell appeared to be very much pleased with the in- formation ; but when Colonel Brewer told Commodore Saltonstall that that was all the force he would have to meet, and that, " as soon as the wind breezed up, he might go right in with his shipping, silence the two small ships and the six-gun battery, land his troops under the cover of his guns, and in half an hour make everything his own," that dignitary "threw up his long chin, and says : 'You seem to be damned knowing about the mat- ter. I am not going to risk my shipping in that damned hole.' " Brewer then thought that "his head would make a pretty button for a halter," and wished it, too. After this Brewer and Smith returned home, but Brewer was ordered by his brother, who was then his Colonel, to bring half of his company back, which he did. After remaining a while, and doing nothing except break up a fishing party of the British, he again returned home, where he remained. On the 14th of August Captain Brewer was greatly surprised by the appearance at his house in the morning of Dr. Downing, Surgeon-in-chief of the American forces, with all the sick and wounded prisoners — twenty to thirty — and the information that the siege had been raised by the appearance of a British fleet under Sir 526 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. George Collier, and that our fleet and army were flying beiore him up the river. After dressing the wounds of those in his charge and giving them refreshments at Captain Brewer's house, by advice of that gentleman he took them to Major Treat's, at the head of the tide and left them in charge of Dr. Herbert, with his medical chest. In the morning such of the ships as had not been de- stroyed below, came up to Condeskge, and on the next morning were blown up and burnt in the Penobscot River off the mouth of the stream by their crews. These were the ships Monmouth, 24 guns; Sally, 22 guns; Hec- tor, 20 guns; Black Prince, 18 guns; brigs Hazard, 16 guns; Diligeant, 14 guns; Tyrannicide, 14 guns, burnt; sloop Providence, 14 guns, blown up; sloop Spring Bird, 12 guns; total, 154 guns; and three transports. The army made their way through the woods westward. Captain Brewer was again called upon by the inhabit- ants to go again to General McLean, accompanied by Captain Ginn, and learn his determination in regard to them. At the Narrows they saw the ship Blonde, Cap- tain Berkley, and, being hailed, went on board and in- formed the Captain of their business. He gave them a pass, and they were not again interrupted on the voyage. When they called upon General McLean he received them very politely, and said : "Mr. Brewer, you have come to see me again. What is the news up the river, and where are the rebels ? Have they dispersed?" ^ "They have." "I believe the commanders were a pack of cowards, or they would have taken me, for I was rn no situation to defend myself. I meant to give them only one or two guns that I might not be called a coward, and then strike my colors, as I did not wish to throw away my men's lives for nothing. Now, what is your request?" "The inhabitants are in distress to know your deter- mination. If it is favorable they will stay at home; if not, they will quit their houses and take to the woods as some have done already." "Go home and tell them that if they will stay by their houses and live peaceably and mind their own business, they shall not be harmed, but the houses of all who quit them shall be burnt." Captain Brewer then inquired what would be the dis- position of the sick and wounded men who had been left. "What is your wish?" "That they may be conveyed to their friends as soon as convenient." "Go up the river and get a vessel, if you can; if not, I will provide you one." "I have one in view that I can get." "Then fit her in good order and take all the sick and wounded on board, and come down with them and return me a list of their names, and I will give you a pass as a cartel, to deliver them where it is most convenient for the men." "But, General, there will be some stores wanting that I cannot get up the river." "Get what you can, and make out a memorandum of what you want more, and I will supply you here," Captain Brewer returned, and on his way chartered a schooner and shipped a master and crew, who went with her up the river, where she was fitted up with platforms and bunks. In a few days Captain Mowatt came up the river in the ship Albany, and anchored abreast of Brewer's Cove just at night, and sent word to Brewer to call upon him in the morning, which he did. At this visit he informed Mowatt of the orders he had received from the General, and Mowatt desired him to accomplish the business as soon as possible. The intercourse between those two persons, until the schooner was away, was of the most friendly character. Mowatt frequently, as Brewer was passing, called him on board his vessel, made inquiries about the sick and wounded, and took him into his cabin to take a glass of wine or brandy; and when the schooner was about to sail, he gave him a pass to proceed to Gen- eral McLean. . When he reached Marsh Bay, Captain Brewer was in- formed that Captain George Ross, who had commanded an American ship of twenty guns, had been wounded, and, with his cabin boy, was on shore there. He sent the boat with Dr. Herbert for them, and they came on board. Brewer added this captain's name to his list, "George Ross," he says, "as it was," a-nd when he ar- rived at Bagaduce returned his list to General McLean, with which he was much pleased, and gave Captain Brewer an order on the Commissary to fill the memoran- dum made by the captain for the supplies needed, and "a pass for the schooner as a cartel," to proceed with the men to Boston and the places most convenient for them to get to their homes. Captain Brewer then returned to his home to meet with a reception that he had not con- templated. After he had left Marsh Bay, on his way down the river, one Ichabod Colson hastened to inform 'Mowatt that Brewer had taken off Captain Ross, and on the morning of Brewer's return, Mowatt sent for him to come on board his ship. Brewer, being fatigued, excused him- self until afternoon, and as he was -leaving his house to comply with the request, he saw Mowatt land upon the point opposite, and went over to him. Captain Brewer thus describes the interview, which continued about half an hour. " The first compliment I received was ; " 'You damned rebel, I understand that you stopped at Marsh Bay, and took on board Captain Ross, one of the finest captains there was -in the Navy. I meant to have kept him and had two of my captains for him, he was such a fine fellow. Did you return him as captain.?' " 'No, I returned his name George Ross.' "Then it was D again, and; 'Did you not know that I had not given you any order to take any one on board? "'Yes.' " 'And how dared you do it?' — with sword flourishing over my head — both of us stepping back and forth pretty lively. " 'Because I got my orders another way.' HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 527 '"Which way?' "' From General McLean, your master.' "You must suppose that I was somewhat agitated by my answer to him. On that, he starts back a little, draws his sword out of his scabbard, and says : '"You damned rebel, I have a good mind to run you through.' I deliberately opened my breast, and told him ; ' If you dare do it, here is your mark, for it is in your ■ power to do it.' "On that he turned on his heel, stepped back a little, then wheeled again, advanced with his flour- ishing sword, with a double D, if it could be ex- pressed, that before sunrise he would lay my buildings in ashes. I told him it was in his power to do it, 'but what do you think I shall be doing all the time?' On that he wheeled again and marched to his boat, and I to mine, and came home." The repose of Mr. and Mrs. Brewer the succeeding night was not so pleasant as usual, but nothing further oc- curred until about four the next afternoon, when Captain Brewer alarmed his wife by telling her that Captain Mowatt had landed and was approaching the house. He walked very moderately, and when he had nearly reached the door Captain Brewer met him. He politely saluted Captain Brewer, and inquired forjjje health of his family, and was invited by him into the house. Mrs. Brewer was partially relieved of her panic when introduced to him. He entered into conversation and expressed great commiseration for the distressed condition of the in- habitants, remained two or three hours, inquired into the condition of Captain Brewer's family, and proposed to as- sist him in getting goods from Halifax to the value of ;^ 5,000 at prime cost, if he should need assistance. During his stay he was at all times friendly to Mr. Brewer, excepting on the occasion of his display of temper before mentioned; called all hands on deck at one time, and forbade their taking anything from his field or garden under penalty of punishment, and was strictly obeyed. He obtained supplies for his table from Captain Brewer, and paid him generously for them. Mowatt's barges went to the head of the tide, and his men burnt the houses of some who would not take the oath of allegiance, among them James Nichols's, at Ed- dington Bend, and old Joseph Page's, at Penjejawock. Page's was burnt in his sight, he being on the summit of Mt. Hope at the time watching the proceedings of the British. It is evident that Mowatt was a passionate man, though there were ennobling traits in his character. His conduct towards Brewer shows'that he did not retain re- _ sentment. There is an anecdote of his humanity. One Samuel Kenny, an arrant Tory, who resided, on the eastern side of the river, nearly opposite the mouth of the Kenduskeag, had taken a great quantity of pork and beef ^ from the settlers, and deposited it in a house in the neighborhood of Captain Brewer's. Of this he informed Mowatt, who went to see it. He reproved Kenny for taking it, and ordered him to take salt from his tender and salt it all immediately, and give a barrel to each per- son he robbed. Mowatt was from forty to forty-five years of age ; had a fresh countenance and good physique. He wore his hair powdered, dressed in a blue coat with facings lighter of the same color. Was of medium size. In 1775 he had disgraced himself among Americans by burning Portland. In 1783 he was in command of Her Majesty's sloop of war Sophie, with Governor Parr on board, when he visited, gave the name to, and received the hospitalities of the new refugee town of Shelburne, Nova Scotia. Many of the settlers left the Penobscot after the disas- ter to the Penobscot expedition, and of those who re- mained many took the oath of allegiance to the Crown; and some went to Bagaduce to work on the fort in order to get the means to eke out a subsistence. Rations were issued to them, and the carpenters received a dollar a day, and laborers at first a pistareen (twenty cents), afterwards about seventy-five cents. Mr. Crosby and Captain Brewer were among those who left the country for their former home. The occasion of the latter leav- ing is related in his journal. Before Captain Mowatt went down the river he made an arrangement with Captain Brewer to take down a house on the Point, which was owned by his brother, for $200, and Mowatt was to send a vessel to take it to the fort at Bagaduce. A few da^ s afterwards some person removed the windows and secreted them. This was re- ported to General McLean, and Captain Brewer gives this report of the conversation that followed: "Well, man, you must get them again." "I cannot, for I know not where to look" for them or whom to suspect." "Then, man, you must stay here until they are pro- duced." "That is impossible for me to do without having lib- erty to search for them." "Well, man, I guess you know where they are as well as anybody, and I will give you a week or fortnight to go home and get them; and if you don't bring them within that time I will put you in confinement." Captain Brewer went home, but instead of searching for the windows he packed his own and many other goods (excepting his beds and clothing), which he put on board a large scow that Major George UlmeT had come up from Camden for plunder in. Then embarking his family, consistmg of nine persons, the scow left in the night. They reached Camden the next day. He re- mained, and taking his yoke of oxen, three cows, and one ho^se, joined them with the stock of John Crosby and others — making in all about thirty head — and they drove them through the woods to Camden, where they arrived the third or fourth day. From there he went with his family to St. George, where they took passage by water to Boston and did not return until after the peace. The crews of the vessels which were destroyed at Con- deskge swarmed over the Point, but finding no means of subsistence among the inhabitants they made no tarry, but made their way through .the wilderness to the Ken nebec, suffering greatly on their journey, and some starv- ing to death. Communications by water between the inhabitants of 528 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Penobscot and other parts of the country being obstruct- ed by the British occupancy of Bagaduce and the river below Bucksport, arrangements were made by which the Indians of Penobscot could be supplied at Kennebec to prevent their falling under the influence of the British, of which there was danger after the destruction of Salton- stall's fleet. Many of them plundered the houses of settlers all the way up the river, doubtless supposing that their owners who had left would have no more rights there. Fort Halifax, near Ticonic Falls, on the Kennebec, which had been built about twenty years be- fore, was made a depot for supplies, and the Penobscots made it a resort for obtaming them until the end of the war.* This was a critical time for their loyalty. One Lunier who kept a trading house at the carrying place between the Penobscot and St. Lawrence waters — Penobscot and Portage Lakesj — was constant in his efforts to detach them from the American interest. He had great in- fluence with them. In September, 1779, twenty-six Indians and French, under his direction, arrived at the Indian village on the Penobscot, and finding that all the Indians excepting two had gone to Kennebec, obtained some dispatches sent by Colonel Allan, and learned from them that the Indians were on their march from St. John to join that officer. He was a vigilant, active man, and had under him at this time a number of troops, and caused Allan much anxiety. On reading the dis- patches, he sent the St. John Indians a belt of wampum, inviting them to Canada with flattering promises if they came, and threats if they did not. Their confidence in Allan, however, was so great that he could not influence them. J Mr. Franklin, of the Governor's Council of Nova Scotia and Superintendent of the Indians, and Major Studholme, commander of a fort on the St. John, left no means unimproved to control them. The Penobscots were at a grand council of the Indians at Passama- quoddy in June, 1780, to consult in regard to proposi- tions of the enemy. The Penobscots remained true to the Americans until the close of the war. In acknowledgment of their ser- vices, the Government presented some of them with clothing and gave them some privileges that they had not before.§ •Kidder's Eastern Maine, 278 — note. +lbid., 269. JKidder's Eastern Maine, 268. §W)lliamson's History of Maine, II., 47B. CHAPTER III. Poverty of the People before the Revolution— Budge's Saw-mill— Treat's Store — Dennet's Boats — Howard's Barrels— Destitution dur- ing British Occupation — Revival of Business afterward— Budge's Enterprise — Brewer's Trouble About the New Worcester Tract- How it was Settled — Knapp and Associates — Missionaries — Rev, Mr. Little and Rev. Mr. Ruthven (Catholic)— Massachusetts Commis- sioners and Penobscot Indians^Terms of Treaty Agreed to — Mr. Lit- tle's School — Rev. Seth Noble— End of Mr. Little's School Labors— A Tragedy — A Quarrel, and an Indian Killed— Treaty not Ratified Promptly, and Rejected by the Indians — Rev. Mr. Little as an Ambas- sador — Reception and Conference at Oldtown — Orson Neptune's Speech — Mr. Little's Reply — His Departure — The Chief Orono. Prior to the occupation of Penobscot by the British, the people on the river lived as they could, from hand to mouth. The soil was not cultivated to any great extent Fish were abundant. In 1772 James Budge erected a saw-mill on the Mantawassuck Stream, at the bend on the eastern side of the river, and the next year manu- factured boards sufficient to supply the demand. Major Treat shortly afterward built a store near the Penjeja- wock Stream, from which he supplied the people with necessaries in exchange for their fish and furs. Jacob Dennet built boats adapted to the fishing business, and Mr. Howard disposed of barrels and kegs at Bagaduce, which brought some return. After the river was closed against communication, the few inhabitants who remained suffered the extreme of destitution. Fish was the chief food. It was some- times boiled with sorrel to give it relish. At Falmouth, in June, 1799, corn was $35 per bushel; wheat meal, $75; molasses, $io per gallon, and tea, $19 per pound.* The price must have been greater upon the Penobscot. Their anxiety, their loneliness — hemmed in by a wild and pathless wilderness on three sides, and by the enemy on the fourth — their hopelessness, must have rendered their feeling of desolation terrible. That they should have thought the end of the world at hand when the 19th of May, 1780, came upon them almost wholly as night, and they were obliged to use lighted candles at noon-time, hardly excites our surprise. Bangor's second decade commenced in darkness, but light began gradually to dawn. The war could not al- ways continue. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis sur- rendered. There were those in the British Parliament who would have the war prosecuted further, but March 4, 1782, it was resolved to terminate it, and the treaty of Paris, under which the independence of the United States was admitted and the boundaries of the Republic were determined, was sigtied September 3, 1783. The navigation of the Penobscot being again free, the craft of Dennet, in the manufacture of boats and yawls, and of Howard, in that of barrels, was again in requisi- tion. Fish became again an article of export, and traffic showed some signs of returning animation. In 1783 John Brewer returned with his family to New Worcester and completed his grist-mill, thereby relieving the settlers above him of the great labor of either sending their grain to Wheeler's mill, at Wheelerborough, or pounding it in large wooden mortars, which were used in * Smith's Journal, in, 112. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 529 cases of emergency. Soon afterward James Budge re- moved from the Mantawassuck to Condeskge, and pur- chased of Thomas Smart, his wife's brother, the City Point Lot, which he occupied for several years. He was a man of much business ability, and extended his lumber- ing operations. The pines within a few miles of his resi- dence were, many of them, converted by him into masts and floated in rafts to Bagaduce, where he found a market for them. Mr. Brewer, directly after his return, was too much engaged about his house and family to give his attention to obtaining a title to the territory that was so nearly in his possession at the breaking out of the war, and was chagrined when Barnabas Dodge made his appearance with directions from the Government of Massachusetts to run the lines and make a plan of "it, thus anticipating the settlers, who desired to have a survey and make a petition that it be granted to them. After Dodge had made his return, a company consisting of Moses Knapp and twenty-nine others obtained a deed of the tract from the State. This was a great disappointment to the set- tlers; but imagining that something might yet be done to protect them in their rights as pre-occupants, they appointed John Brewer and Simeon Fowler, an intelligent gentleman who had settled on the river south of Mr. Brewer in 1773, their agents to look after their interests. Accordingly these gentlemen proceeded to investigate the matter and found that, so late as March 22, 1786, no deed of the tract had been recorded, whereupon they made a representation- of the case and applied tor a grant, which led to a compromise. The deed to Knapp and associates was dated June 29, 1785, and contained 37,307 acres. But it was so arranged that 10,864 acres, bordering on the river, including a gore of 2,500 acres, should be relinquished by them from the grant. The Government gave a deed to Brewer and Fowler that each of the settlers might have a lot of one hundred acres from the tract relinquished, with the reservation of "suitable and convenient landings and roads to the same from the lands purchased by Moses Knapp and associates, and the privilege of taking fish, which were to be held in common between the said Brewer, Fowler, and other settlers and the said Knapp and his associates," the landings, roads and privilege having been reserved in the deed to Knapp and others. There have probably been no settlements in New England, however remote, to which the religious mission- ary did not early penetrate. There is a record of one Oliver Noble, from Marblehead, preaching a few Sundays at Condeskge, prior to 1786, in which year Rev. Daniel Little returned. This clergyman was settled in the sec- ond parish in Wells, which is that part of the town set off in 1750 as Kennebunk.* He was ordained March ,^7) 1751- He came east as a missionary before 1774, returned in that year, and came again to the Pen- obscot in 1786. He was a man of considerable en- terprise, and was esteemed for his judgment and pru- dence. In his visit to Penobscot in 1 7 74, he found the fam- j[y of Captain Br ewer kind and hospitable, and he found •Sullivan's History of Maine, 235. 67 a young preacher at the place, whom they had hired for three months. His name was Knowles; he was "sensible and well disposed," and preached there and at Marsh Bay alternately. When Mr. Little came to Penobscot he found the people alarmed by a report that a large body of southern Indians had held a council and sent a belt of wampum and a hatchet to the Indians at "Passa- dunkee," and a message that if they did not join them they would destroy all the women and children, and that they had assurance of assistance from the Governor of Canada. The report was brought by Aussong Neptune and Pool Sock to Mr. Treat, at Condeskge, with a request for ammunition for defence. On his way up the river from Baguduce, he was in- formed that a French priest (a Mr. Ruthven) had gone up to Condeskge in a small sloop which he had bought in New York. He followed him, and, through Mr. Treat, obtained an interview with him, and inquired into the cause of the report. He said that in the spring (this was in August) a French colonel, with some southern In- dians, met the Abenakis at Saint Francois, and drinking too much, the Abenakis killed two of the other Indians, whereupon some ill-minded person had spread the re- port above mentioned. This priest was born in Quebec; had been educated in France; came with Count D'Estaing's fleet to America, from the West Indies, and after arriving at Boston was, by order of court, sent as missionary to Penobscot. In the two first years after the defeat at Bagaduce, he was at Fort Halifax, on the Kennebec. He then took up his residence on White Island, in Penobscot Bay. He was a man of good natural understanding, and conversed in English so as to be understood. He was white, tall, and of good proportions; "his address was truly French, ex- cept an Indian shrug and toss with his shoulder when he pronounced an emphatical 'No.' " He wore a blue coat with a velvet collar, and was well equipped with pocket instruments. He thought the Indians would not learn English in a school, and ridiculed the idea of the validity of a marriage between two Indians that had re- cently taken place agreeably to State law, and said he would nullify it and make them pay double fees. The priest's sloop was managed by a boy, as he could not command her. He sold a third of it to the boy, and two-thirds were sold to Mr. Howard for a horse. Mr. Little was astonished that the priest should come up the river in such haste, and not call at his island on the wa)'. It was a mystery. He found that he was waiting for the Indians to come down, as he intended to go there and tarry with them until they had harvested their corn. At this time the Government had sent General Ben- jamin Lincoln, General Putnam, and Dr. Thomas Rice, to purchase the title of the Indians to the lands on the Penobscot River. On August 20 they took Mr. Little from Mr. Brewer's and carried him to Condeskeag, where they proposed to confer with the Indians. They had previously sent Mr. John Marsh to Oldtown and Passa- dumkeag to invite them, and on Sunday, the 27th, they arrived. There were twenty-one canoes, containing sixty- 530 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, five Indians. The Commissioners notified them that they would meet them the next day at lo o'clock. At that hour the Commissioners found them seated upon the ground of "an elegant green near the river," four chieftains— Orono, Orson, Neptune, and Nepton- bovitt — being close together in front, and the others "promiscuously in the rear." There were several specta- tors present. Through the interpreters, Robert Treat and John Marsh, the conference began. General Lincoln stated the kind intentions of the Government, and that it had appointed him and his two associates to settle the claims to the lands of the Penobscot satisfactorily to both parties. The Indians said that their "hearts were linked with the Americans," and expressed themselves gratified that the Commissioners had come, and said that they were ready to hear their demands. The Commissioners then wished to know what they claimed. They replied that they claimed "down to. a small stream below Oldtown, one mile above Colburn's." The Commissioners re- minded them that they had relinquished their right to that part of the country to Governor Pownall, and what they now held was by virtue of the action of the Provin- cial Congress in 1775. That it was the territory border- ing on the Penobscot River, beginning at the head of the tide, running northerly covering a breadth of six miles on each side; that upon that action they must rest their claims. They then proposed an exchange by which they were to relinquish their claims to this tract for a larger tract farther up the river and two islands in the Bay better adapted to hunting, and urging as a reason for the exchange that when the lands back of this tract were settled they would be of no value for hunting. The Indians did not think it right that they should re- move further up the river. The Commissioners replied: "We are willing you should hold all the islands in the river you now improve, from Sunkhole to Passadunkee, which is three miles above Oldtown, together with Oldtown Islands and the lands on all the branches of the river above Passquat- aguess on the west side, and the Montawunskeag on the east side of the river, together with White Island and Black Island in the Ba}', if you will quit your right to the six miles wide from the river below." The Indians said that they wanted a cross line at Passadunkee for their bound; that if they moved they expected to be paid for it, and that they all wanted blankets, powder, shot, and flints. The Commissioners agreed to give them three hundred and fifty blankets, two hundred pounds of powder and shot, and flints in proportion — that number of blankets, they said, would afford each of the tribe one. This was satisfactory, and all the Indians agreed to the proposition^ Rev. Messrs. Little and Noble, Colonel Jonathan Eddy, and Mr. Jeremiah Colburn were called as witnesses. After receiving an admonition from the Commissioners not to "spread groundless reports of hostile intentions, but to carefully inform the inhabitants of anything neces- sary for their safety," they shook hands with the Commis- sioners, and "parted with general joy." The Commissioners sent on shore both breakfast and dinner for the Indians. During the whole conference the Indians did not move from the spot where they first seated themselves, or rise, except when they addressed the Commissioners, until at the close, when the four pub- lic speakers — the chieftains — rose together. Mr. Little accompanied the Commissioners to Captain Brewer's. On the next Wednesday (30th) Mr. Little left Mr. Brewer's for the purpose of establishing schools among the Indians at a village near Mr. Colburn's, above the head of the tide. On his way he had a conversation at Mr. Treat's with four Canadian Indians, who were waiting to have their guns mended. After spending the night at Mr. Bradley's, he took his horse and rode to Mr. Colburn's, where he was disturbed on finding that a Mr. Burley, a young trifder, had been selling rum to the In- dians and getting them drunk, on their way from the treaty. He found seven families in Mr. Colburn's neighbor- hood who were very poor and ignorant, and invited their children to attend school on the next day. On the ist of September he established his school at a place called "Rumfeekhungus" (Arumpsunkungan). The number of children in attendance at this time he does not state, but he was so highly gratified with it that he called in some Indians who were passing to see how it was conducted, and the manner of reading and writing, and they seemed to be pleased. One Tennis was there, who understood some English, from whom he learned to pronounce th& Indian numerals; Pausuck, one; neese, two; naush, three; yough, four; noUan or perence, five; nougnatunk or nequittance, six; tonibousen, seven; san- suck, eight; holanway, nine; matselah, ten; hoquerto- mow, eleven; neesaunocow, twelve; sauncow, thirteen; youwauncow, fourteen; nolluncow, fifteen; causauncow, sixteen; tomborouscow, seventeen; sansakamsoncow, eighteen; naulaw chusaconcow, nineteen; neerenscow, twenty; the first ten of which he says he took from an Indian, and the last from an Englishman. On the next day Mr. Little had eleven scholars, all. of wliom but five knew a little more than their letters. A person — probably Mr. Ruthven, the French priest -^ dined with him, and admitted the usefulness of schools. He wished the Court would give him a right to land near Oldtown, on which he could reside and administer to the Indians, while the Protestant minister taught the school; said that he would attend the school himself and learn the English language. He attended Mr. Little's school that day. Notwithstanding all this seeming friendliness, Mr. Little appears to have had misgivings in regard to the real sentiments of the Indians and priest about his school. He endeavored, through Mr. Marsh, to ascer- tain what they might be. The priest passed another fore- noon with him, and promised to bring Orono to see hitn. Mr. Little felt the necessity of understanding the lan- guage, and, by the help of Mr. Marsh, translated the Lord's Prayer and made some acquaintance with the In- dian vocabulary. On the 5 th of September he held a session of his school in the forenoon. Having waited m vain for the priest and Orono until the afternoon of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 531 6th, he rode down to Mr. Treat's in order to attend Mr. Noble's installment. Mr. Noble was a clergyman who at the breaking out of the Revolution was in New Brunswick or Nova Scotia. He was a native of Westfield, Massachusetts, and was originally a Methodist, but became a Congregationalist. He was a patriot, and performed the duties of a chaplain under Colonel John Allen. He wrote a letter to Gen- eral Washington while in the East, setting forth the im- portance of holding the St. John River, and offering to take any position. Men, however, were not to be had, and the proposition could not be entertained. Mr. Noble was at Machias at the time of the repulse of Sir George Collier, and preached a sermon on the event.* After the Revolution the Government gave him a tract of three hundred acres of land in what is now Edding- ton, and in 1786 he came to Condeskeag with his wife and three children to reside. There was no organized church on either side of the Penobscot River, but there were several religious people who were members of churches in the places from which they came, and these had their influence with the people to employ Mr. Noble as a religious teacher. An arrange- ment was made with him at a stipend of $400 per year, and advantage was taken of Mr. Little's visit to have him installed. It was intended to have Mr. Powers (probably Rev. Peter Powers, who was at Deer Isle) assist in the installa- tion, but on learning that he could not come it was con- cluded that, "considering the great trouble and expense of convening a council," Rev. Mr. Little should induct Mr. Noble into office. Accordingly, on September 10, 1789, upon a platform laid upon barrels in a grove of magnificent oaks, not far from what is now the intersection of Oak and Washington streets, overlooking the then broad and unobstructed Pe- nobscot, whose banks below were covered with almost un- broken woods, in the presence of a large and reverential assembly, the solemn ceremonies were performed. Mr. Little gave the pastoral charge and the right hand of fellowship, and, as he simply and quaintly says, " the people were satisfied, without offering any objections." Mr. Noble preached the sermon, and afterward adminis- tered the Lord's supper to Thomas Howard, Andrew Webster, Simon Crosby, and their wives, of Condes- keag, and John Brewer and Simeon Fowler, of New Wor- cester, t Mr. Noble was at this time forty-three years of age. He is described as "thin-faced, spare, not tall, of light complexion with a fresh countenance; active, quick, smart, and nervous — a very good preacher, "§ "a man of energy."! On March 27, 1787, the people of Sun- bury (as Mr. Noble had now taught them to call the • place) were so well pleased with their preachers that, in a meeting for village purposes, they voted to build a meeting-house forty by thirty-six feet at Condeskge, and *Kidder's Eastern Maine, 129. tRev. Mr. Little's Journal. Bangor Centennial, 42-3, § Williamson's Annals of Bangor. +Kidder's pastern Maine, 129. Captain Budge, who was Moderator of the meeting with Mr. Smart, his brother-ir.-law, agreed to give an acre of land upon which it was to built. The people also voted that the titnber for the house should be twelve shillings per hundred, or tun, delivered. Nothing was accom- plished, however, during the year, and on February 8, 1789, a meeting of the inhabitants of the Plantation from Widow Wheeler's mills upwards, was called for March 2, to consult in regard to building a meeting-house and selecting a site for it, and for adopting some proper method for collecting the minister's salary. The meet- ing-house or site does not appear by the record to have received the slightest attention at the meeting, and the action in regard to the salary is recorded thus: "Voted Captain Abraham Tourtellet to weight on the Selectmen of Orrington with our Selectmen, to consult on Mr. Noble's sallary." After the first year the ministerial enthusiasm in the cotnmunity evidently had abated. It is probable they lost the respect for Noble to which his clerical character should have entitled him. His conversation was light, and he did not sustain the gravity becoming a minister. He had acquired army habits, and would take a dram with almost any one who invited him ; would laugh and tell improper anecdotes. The quantity of liquors bought by him of Robert Treat would astonish a temperance man.* Yet he was able and eloquent, "so that one would think" (his Deacon Boyd says) "when he was in the pulpit that he ought never to leave it." "He was quite gifted in prayer, and often very eloquent in his ser- mons."t He used notes, some of which had the flavor of age. One of his sermons which is remembered, was preached in reference to the loss of his oldest son, Seth, and two of his neighbors' children, by shipwrecks late in the fall in the midst of a thick snow-storm, on their pass- age towards Boston, from the text: "Is it well with thy husband; is it well with thy child ; is it well with thee? And she said, It is well." It was full of pathos. He was fond of singing; had a fine tenor voice, and sang well himself. He taught singing also, and Mr. Little found hiin one evening, a few weeks before his in- stallation, at a singing tneeting at Mr. Nevers's. He also had the poetical afflatus. His first wife (Hannah Barker) died in 1791, and he dedicated a tribute to her memory, of which the following stanzas are a part;-^ " She was my friend, my guide, my earthly all; Love grew with every waning moon;^- Ah ! Heaven through lengtli of years delayed the call. And still, methinks, the call too soon. * * * * Not the gay splenders of an earthly court Could tempt her to appearand shine; Her solemn airs forbade the world's resort; But I was blest that she was mine."§ Mr. Noble lived in a log-house near the river, several rods northerly of Newbury street. His first meeting was at Nevers's house, which stood near the foot of that street. The indifference of the people in regard to his support; his free habits in regard to drink, and "moral *Bangor Centennial, 77. ■|- Williamson's Annals. § Bangor Centennial, 146. 532 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. obliquity in another respect" were the occasion of his leaving the place. He had probably discontinued his ministerial labors prior to April 4, 1792, for the inhabit- ants on that day met at Captain James Budge's for town purposes, and chose William Boyd and Nathaniel Harlow, Sr., a committee to hire a minister, and voted "66 Dol- lars, 66 Cents for the Gospel."* The following letter was addressed by Mr. Noble to Colonel Jonathan Eddy, Major Robert Treat, Captain John Crosby, Mr. Elisha Nevers, and the rest of the Com- mittee chosen to make proposals to settle the Gospel on Penobscot River, June 7, 1786. Penobscot River, August 21st, 1790. Gentlemen: — Sundry attempts have been made for a settlement between the People and myself; but all to no effect. When I settled here I consented to accept of twenty pounds less than what was really necessary to support ray family, because the people said they were poor; still, to release them of the burden, I have been at the expense to collect a great part of what has been collected. Very little thanks have I had for the trouble I have been at. I was desired to draw a Bond for the People to sign for my support, which was rejected and another drawn (unknown to me) which hath deprived me of one-half the sum proposed. I am willing to do in this and in all cases as I would be done by; but necessity constrains me to say, I must have my pay. I must further tell you I shall look to no other persons for a settlement but that committee which covenanted with me on June 7, 1786, to give me seventy pounds annual salary. What you then did is as binding as a note of hand. I am sorry to take any concise measures; but I tell you again, I must have my pay immediately. I am, gentlemen, with due respect, Your most obedient, humble servant, To the Committee. Seth Noble. Mr. Noble evidently did not rely solely upon his salary for support. Among his letters to Colonel Eddy was found one, of which the following copy is evidence that he earned something outside of his pulpit; and that he was not probably more successful in obtaining his pay for the one service than for the other: Bangor, June 7, 1793. Sir: — I have a small account against Jacob Bussell, Jr., which I would wish you to collect as soon as possible. I find his word is not to be regarded. Try easy means first; and if that will not do, put the law in force. To one quarter of a year's schooling, in 1792, one thousand of the best of shingles. Ditto, in 1793, six shillings, and one day's labor. If he will labor four days for me next week, or when I shall call for him, I will accept of it; if not, sue him for six shillings. To Colonel Jonathan Eddy. Seth Noble. Mr. Noble married a second wife— Mrs. Ruhana Emery— April 11,1793. He removed his family to New- market, New Hampshire, in 1797, where he was hired to preach six months, on May 28, 1798. On November 29. 1799. he removed to Westfieid, the place of his nativ- ity. From there he removed to Montgomery, Massa- chusetts, where he was ordained November 4, 1801. He continued there until 1806, when he removed to Frank- linton, Ohio. His second wife died in Montgomery, in 1805. He afterwards married Mary Riddle. He died September 15, 1807, aged sixty-four. [Colonel Porter's Memoirs of Eddy, 52, 53; Allen's American Biography, 610.J To return from this digression. Rev. Mr. Little was in earnest in his intentions to instruct the Indians, but was not aware of the magnitude of the obstacle in his way. The greater part of two centuries they h ad been under • Williamson's Annals. Roman Catholic influence, and the plausible manner of Ruthven, the priest, in assenting to the usefulness of schools and in agreeing to propose them to the Indians, misled the hopeful missionary. But he was soon con- vinced of his error, as was a clergyman of a later day. On the morning of the day after the installation, he sent Mr. Marsh from Mr. Colburn's to Oldtown to ascertain why the Indians did not appear, and to invite them to a con- ference at his lodgings. In the afternoon the priest ap- peared, saying that he had come from Passadunkee that day — forty miles; that the Indians had a grand council on the day before, and concluded not to have their chil- dren taught by an English school-master; that they were "jealous that their children would be taught a different religion," and that he was desired to come and inform him of the result of the council. The next morning Mr, Marsh confirmed what the priest had told him, and he became satisfied of the uselessness of any further efforts in that direction. Mr. Little came on foot from Mr. Colburn's tc- Mr. Treat's, six miles, where he dined and again met the French priest. He had a conversation with him in Latin, which he found the priest could speak pretty well. On the isth he was again at Captain Brewer's, where he copied his Indian vocabulary while waiting for a passage down the river. By the ist of October he had returned to his home. In the spring of 1787 a tragedy occurred, which, but for the confidence of the Indians in the Government, would have placed the settlers in great peril. The facts, as related by Captain Brewer to Mr. Little, were that Andrew Gilman and an Indian named Peel, with his wife and her son by a former husband, went hunting together to Pushaw Lake, near which Peol had a camp. They were very successful, and deposited their furs in the camp. When they came to a division of the furs a dispute arose as to the share that each should re- ceive. Oilman claimed one-half, but the Indian claimed that, as his squaw and boy (who was about sixteen years old) had skinned the game and cooked for the party, he was entitled to two-thirds. They then took some of the furs and went together to Mr. Treat's to buy some rum and reconcile the matter over a friendly drink. But the dispute continued. Peol and his wife returned to their camp, where the furs were lodged. Gilman remained about Treat's for a day or two, and engaged James Page, a young man about nineteen years of age, to go with him and get the fur. On reaching Peol's camp they found Archibald McPhetres, Jr., and an Indian named Sabattis, upon business of their own. These they hired to go to Treat's for. more rum. On their return they all drank together, and Sabattis, considerably overcome, staggered about eight rods down to the lake and fell into his canoe and went to sleep. Gilman then demanded that the furs be divided into halves, which was agreed to peaceably. Then came up a new dispute in regard to some sable skins, and Page thrust himself into the con- troversy, which provoked Peol to wrath. Whereupon Gilman asks : HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S33 "Will you, Page or McPhetres, help me carry off my furs to the canoes ?" " I will go," McPhetres replied. While Gilman and McPhetres were conveying the furs. Page and Peol continued the dispute, and became so warm that Page struck Peol a blow with his fist. Upon which the Indian said to his wife and boy, " run," and they immediately fled into the woods for safety. While Gilman and McPhetres were stowing the furs in the canoes, they heard the report of a gun, and Gilman said: " I am afraid Page has killed Peol," and they both ran towards the camp, and meeting Page, Gilman asked : "Page, have you killed Peol?" "Yes," Page replied, "if I had not killed him he would have killed me." Gilman, Page, and McPhetres about midnight took the canoes and went down the pond, leaving Sabattis still asleep. * In the morning Sabattis awoke, and finding only the dead body of Peol, he placed it in his canoe, and sought for the wife and boy. Having found her, he proceeded with her to Oldtown, and had hardly arrived when her son made his appearance from the woods, having swam the rivers. The tribe was in great excitement. The young men in a frenzy called for revenge, and begged to be permitted to go in pursuit of the murderers. The sachems said," No. We are under Massachusetts govern- ment. See what the General Court will do first, then we shall know what to do." They immediately sent word to the . first American settlement. Captain Brewer, who was a deputy sheriff, collected suflScient aid, and before night arrested Gilman, Page, and McPhetres, and the next day carried them be- fore Justice Simeon Fowler. The chiefs were present with the body of Peol, and the wound was examined. Upon the above facts the magistrate ordered the accused commiited, and they were taken by Captain Brewer to gaol in Pownalboro. Mr. Williamson states that a few days previous to the time at which they were to be brought into court, a re- port was circulated among the Indians that the court was to be held a week later than it actually was, and as no witnesses appeared against the prisoners they were dis- charged. Gilman never returned to Penobscot. The result of this matter was the occasion of much heart- burning amongst the Indians. It will be recollected that the treaty made by the Com- missioners with the Indians in 1786 was not completed by the passing of the consideration and the transfer of the lands. Instead of acting promptly upon the agree- ment, the Government were so dilatory that when they actually sent an agent to ratify it, the other party were disposed to postpone it altogether. ^ It was not until June, 1788, that the Massachusetts Government appointed its agent, and the person they se- lected was no other than Rev. Daniel Little. Whether his selection was the most judicious may be determined from the following narrative : That gentleman arrived at Sunbury, as the place was then called, on June 1 7, and sent a formal request to the Indians at Oldtown, through Mr. Treat, the interpreter, to meet him at the head of the tide on Friday, the 20th, to receive their blankets and other articles, and sign the deeds. Mr. Treat, with Mr. Colburn, visited them and gave them the notice. They took time to consider an answer, and finally told them that they had been down several times on public business; that their yourig men were apt to drink; that their number was large, and that it was most fit that the meeting should be at their town, and they should be glad to meet Mr. Little and any other person, as everything might be done coolly and calmly there. Mr. Little had some scruples as to whether he would not be compromising the dignity of the Government if he yielded to their request, and conferred with some of the principal gentlemen on the river in regard to it. They had but one answer. It was a condition not to be disregarded, if a conference was to be had at all. Ac- cordingly he notified the tribe that he would meet them as they proposed, on Saturday. Having requested Mr. Treat to provide him with a canoe and stores for temporary purposes, he proceeded to collect the witnesses to the treaty and other gentlemen of character acquainted with the Indians to accompany him. His company consisted of Captain Brewer, Mr. Fowler, Mr. Treat, Mr. Noble, Colonel Lowder, Mr. John Lee, and Mr. William Colburn. All things being in readiness, they set off from Mr. Treat's in the after- noon of the 1 8th, and, reaching Mr. Colburn's at night, they stopped with him. The next morning they crossed the Stillwater River to Marsh Island, and walked, says Mr. Little's journal, "through a trackless wood, about six miles, when Indian Oldtown, about two hun- dred acres, opened to view, with a thicket of houses on the lower point of said island, just above the Great Falls. Immediately upon our arrival, in open view of the town, a number of their canoes were manned with sprightly young men, in which they came over (about forty rods) to transport us into town. As we landed, their shore was lined with women and children. We walked up to their parade, about fifteen rods from the shore (a walk very smooth, about three rods in width, lined on each side with a range of houses, built with poles about six inches diameter and the same asunder, placed perpen- dicularly and covered very neatly with bark in shingle form), was introduced into their capital-house by a waiter who stood at the door; only one sachem in the House of Conference, who made us very welcome, directing us to take possession of one half the room, tvventy by forty, which was carpeted with fur. Very soon came in all the sachems and placed themselves on the opposite side, which being divided by two poles from one end of the house to the other. Then about forty of their men- of years placed themselves in rank next the sachems, and lastly an old man, about one hundred years, a former sachem, was introduced in memory of past services. They then fired a cannon abroad." The conference began. Mr. Little informed them that he had been appointed by the Government to confirm the treaty made with General Lincoln and others two 5 34 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. years before; that the blankets, etc., were ready for them at Condeskeag, and a deed of land in his hand was ready to be delivered to them as soon as they should sign the quit-claim of the lands of the river which he pre- sented to them. He recapitulated the agreement, which he called the witnesses to confirm, and explained clearly all the papers, and said that the Government was ready fully to comply with all the stipulations on their part. After half an hour of consultation apart, the Indians gave their reply through Orson Neptune, who spoke as follows: We are thankful to see Mr. Little and desire to be remembered to the Governor and Council, and we are glad to see all well here together. The King of France says we are all one — it is all peace ; and the King of England says it is peace, though it was war some time ago. Brothers: — We are all one : we don't talk of hunting one another. We live here to serve God ; we all live together. We and our children mean to help each other. We don't mean to take any lands from you. If anybody takes any lands from us, it must be King George, for Gen- eral Court and General Washington promised we should enjoy this country. General Washington and General Court told us if they knew anything was doing against us they would tell us. Brothers : — Now we are iill here together. When we were at Condes- keag we had not a right understanding of these ittatters, and the young men were not all collected, and we were pressed to make that treaty contrary to our inclinations. Brother ; — God put us here. It was not the King of France nor King George. We mean to stay on this island. The Great God put us here, and we have been on this island five hundred years. And we have been of the French Kings religion, and mean to be so always. From this land we make our living. This is the general speech of all our young men. We don't know anything about writing. All that we know, we mean to have a right heart and a right tongue. Brother :— We don't incline to do anything about the treaty made at Condeskeag, or that writing. The speaker then turned to the interpreter, Mr. Treat, and said : " Is not Mr. Little a minister?" The reply being in the affirmative, he turned to Mr. Little and said : " Brother, minister ought not to have anything to do with public business about lands." Mr. Little replied that they must remember what General Lincoln told them, that they now held the lands from the Massachusetts Government; that in a former war, in Governor Pownall's day, they lost all their lands here, but that the Government in 1775 gave them six miles on each side of the river; that their claim rested on this, and that they assented to it; that the chiefs who were present were at Conduskeag, and that the chiefs always spoke for the whole tribe, and that in regard to his . being a priest he was not present as such, but as a Com- missioner. He then asked again whether they would not abide by the agreement made at Conduskeag, and pre- sented the deed for their signatures. They said in an- swer : " We have put our names to many papers at Albany, New York, and elsewhere, but will not put our hands to that paper now nor any other paper forever hereafter." Mr. Little then told them that, notwithstanding their refusal, the Government would abide by the treaty and expect them to; and that if they did not they must not expect prosperity from Heaven or favors from Govern- ment. He referred to Peol's death, and assured them justice would be done; that a court would he held in about two weeks by four or five great and good men, and they could send their chief and witnesses at the charge of the Government; but that they would want proof of what was done in Peol's camp. They expressed them- selves gratified at the care that Government had given the matter, and thought that the court at Kennebec would do justice in the case. The conference continued about four hours, during which not a smile was seen upon any of their counte- nances, or a word was spoken, except by their orator and an occasional prompting. In the midst of the confer- ence, at 12 o'clock, the bell rang, and they "made acorn- posed mental prayer for about ten minutes, when they appealed to Heaven as having given them a secure right to the soil, all the sachems rose from the ground on which they sat, and stood in a posture for a minute ex- pressive of an appeal to the Great God for the truth of their declarations." No strong drinks were used by either party during the visit. Neither women nor children were seen or heard during the conference. A request to see the tribe paraded and numbered was declined. No complaint was made of in- juries received; the death of Peol was not even alluded to until Mr. Little introduced it, and no favor was asked of the Government. The chiefs waited on Mr. Little's party to the water, and the parting was most friendly. The young men took them over the river again in their canoes, a cannon was fired, and other marks of friendship manifested. The next day being Sunday, there were religious ser- vices at Mr. Treat's. Mr. Noble preached in the fore- noon and Mr. Little in the afternoon. After the services Orono came in from Oldtown and told Mr. Little that, in council the evening before, the tribe concluded to send neither sachem nor witnesses to Kennebec— that the yoimg men were going on a new hunt — that Peol's widow and sons were at Passamaquoddy, and they should leave the matter of his death with the court and be satis- fied with the result. Orono added that Peol's wife had two sons and one daughter, no father, mother, or brother living, and her last infant was dead. Before parting with Orono, Mr. Little hinted that if the tribe wished to renew their conference with him, he should be on the river about a week or ten days longer. He saw him afterwards at Mr. Brewer's, but no propo- sition for the renewal of negotiations was again made by Orono or any of the tribe. • HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S3S CHAPTER IV. lonathan Eddy— Grant of Land to Him and Others — Some Account of Him— His Settlement upon the Penobscot and Dej.th— Popula- tion of New Worcester in 1785— Incorporation of Orrington— Story of its Name — Two Meeting-houses— Settlement of Hampden— Benjamin Wheeler— His Grist-mill — Wheelerborough— Frankfort from Belfast to the Sowadabscook — Assessment on the Inhabitants on the Westerly Side of the River in 1784 — Meeting-house in Hamp- den "Condeskge" — "Sunbury" — Action of the Inhabitants for Sev- eral Years— Captain James Budge, James Turner, General Boyd, Na- thaniel Harlow — Incorporation of Bangor — Settlers — Farms on the Kenduskeag— Fish — Hammond & Smart Erect a Saw-mill on the Kenduskeag— $66.66 Raised for the Gospel — Agents Appointed to get Title to Land for Settlers — Rev. Thomas Hall — Mode of Crossing the River. 1785 to 1800. Jonathan Eddy, with nineteen others, received a grant of 9,360 acres of land north of and adjoining the Brewer tract from the Commonwealth June 29, 1785. By the terms of the grant each settler was to erect a dwelling house upon his lot within two years. These persons had been residents of Nova Scotia. Colonel Eddy was a native of Norton, now Mansfield, Massachusetts, and had resided in Nova Scotia ten years. He had been a member of the Assembly, was Provost Marshal in 1769, and was Sheriff of the county of Ctlm- • berland, and in 1776 was at the head of an attempt to take Fort Cumberland on Chignecto Bay. The attempt was unsuccessful, and he, with his party, was obliged to flee.* Colonel Allan had endeavored to dissuade him from this attempt because of the insufficiency of his force, but in vain, f The consequence was that the in- habitants were involved in great distress. A reward of ;^2oo was offered by the Council of Nova Scotia for the apprehension of Eddy. He was brave, active, and patriotic, and led another expedition to Nova Scotia, by direction of Massachusetts, but nothing was accom- plished. There had been settlers upon the township prior to 1784, and in 1778, by an act of the Legislature, the wild lands were exempted from taxation for ten years from the date of the State's deed; and every permanent set- tler previous to 1784 was to have a title to a lot so laid out as best to include his improvements on the payment of five dollars. Colonel Eddy settled in his township, and when it was incorporated as a town, in 181 1, it was named Edding- ton in compliment to him.- His death occurred in Au- gust, 1804, at the age of seventy-eight. The population of "New Worcester" in 1785 was r88; 39 men, 34 women, and 115 children. There was a village or plantation organized, probably pretty early after the first settlement. The following records are evidence of this : 31 March, 1786. James Ginns marke of his stoke [stockj is a crop and slit in the Rite yeare and Crop and a hole in the left. 31 March, 1786, Mr. Eben Whealdon's Marke for his stoke is a Crop ^ in the write yeare and a happaney [half-penny] on the under side. ^ James Dunning and Anna Tomb [Thorns] Both of Penobscot River in County Lincoln was Published the 21 October, 1786 Jas. Ginn, T. Clerk. „ Mr. Jacob Buzell was Published to the Widow Sarah Mansel the gyth August, 1786. Jas. Ginn, T. Clerk. *Murdock Nova Scotia, II., 578-8. tKidders' Eastern Maine, 12. Joshua Severans and Elizabeth Snow, Both of New Worcester, was Published 14 April, 1787. Jas. Ginn, T. Clerk. Joseph Plympton and the Widow Jeune Borton, Both of this Town was published tlie 4 Jan. 1788. The following table contains the names of the settlers on March 7, 1785, with the quantity of acres in his lot and when and by whom it was settled : Occupant March 7, 1785. Town Lot Elihu Hewes. Ebenezer Wheelden Thomas Smith . ; Moses Wentworth Ephraim Downs ", Asa Downs Nathaniel Clarke Edward Snow Henry Cole... Paul Nickerson Eliphalet Nickerson Warren Nickerson Daniel Nickerson Joseph Harding Set off Lot Oliver Doane Jesse Atwood George Brooks Simeon Fowler Peter Sangster* Jesse Rogers Nathaniel Pierce Samuel Freeman Widow Hannah Carey.. Solomon Sweat Benjamin Snow Edward Smith Samuel Wiswell Joseph Baker James Shirley Robert McCurdy James McCurdy Edward Smith David Wiswell James Ginn John Brewer 100 100 200 ICO 100 200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 150 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 150 150 100 100 roo 100 1772 1772 1770 1773 1773 1773 1777 1777 177s 1776 1774 1774 1774 1773 1774 1774 1774 1773 1772 1774 1774 1774 1777 1777 1772 1772 1772 1773 1771 1771 1 771 1772 1772 1771 1770 By Whom Settled. Elihu Hewes. Moses Wentworth. Moses Wentworth. Major Edward More, Ephraim Downs. Asa Downs. Noah Downs. Jesse Cole, Jr. Henry Cole. Paul Nickerson. Eliphal.t Nickerson. Warren Nickerson. Joseph Carey. Edward Smith. Voted by Town. James ]\^cCurdy. James McCuidv. Simeon Gorton. Samuel Low. Jeremiah Coburn. Samuel Rogers. John Carle. James Deane. Joseph Carey. Solomon Sweat. James Rice. .Abraham Preble. Benjamin Wheeler. Jonathan Pendleton. James Sliirley. Robert McCurdy. Josiah Brewer. Jonathan Pearce. Phineas Rice. Peter Sangster. lohn Brewer. *Peter Sangster, a foreigner, died without heirs here, and his lot escheated to the State. Measures were taken to procure the incorporation of the town after the arrangement with Knapp and asso- ciates. A meeting was held, and after the preliminaries for application to the Legislature were settled, the ques- tion of a name came up, and Captain John Brewer or Captain James Ginn, who was Clerk, and remarkable for both his chirography and orthograj)hy, suggested that it be Orangetown — the name of a town of which he was a native or had knowledge. It being approved, Ginn in- serted it in the petition "Orrington." Parson Noble, who was employed to procure the act of incorporation, being an orator, poet, and rnusician, was pleased with the eu- phony of the word, and, although he was aware of Cap- tain Ginn's intention, yet he concluded he had no author- ity to interfere with his mode of expressing it, and to the captain's surprise, no doubt, when the name came into common use there was a little want of harmony in regard to it betwixt his ear and his eye. Knapp and associates demonstrated against the incor- poration of the town, and thereby procured exemption from taxation for seven years. The whole tract which embraces the three towns of Orrington, Brewer, and Holden, was incorporated as Orrington on March 21, 536 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 1788, and was the fifty-second town incorporated in Maine. Many of the people in Orrington had a regard for reh'gious observances, and voted to build two meeting- houses forty by forty-two feet on front lots. They were built seven miles apart — one nea'r the ferry between Or- rington and Hampden; the other a mile above the ferry between Brewer and Bangor. After they were boarded and shingled, the pew ground in both houses was sold for a sum sufficient to finish them in a "decent manner and paint one of them." It was then voted to paint the other. These houses were without steeple or tower — very unpretending, but very conspicuous. They were used for the purposes for which they were built during, perhaps, half a century, after which the northerly one . was used for a stable for a while, and then demolished, and the southerly one was used as a town house until 1871. The people were divided in religious sentiment; those of the southerly half being generally Methodists, and those of the northerly half generally Congregationalists. There were periods when there was much intolerant feeling between the two sections, but happily, in the march of Christian principle, the feeling has to a great degree, if not altogether, subsided. It is a matter of some question when Hampden was first settled. It is agreed that Benjamin Wheeler, who was originally from Durham, New Hampshire, was the first settler. By referring to the table of the first settlers in Orrington, it will be seen that Benjamin Wheeler set- tled there in 1772, on a farm which, in 1785, belonged to Samuel Wiswell. Did he not first take up a lot in Or- rington, and afterwards relinquish it for the purpose of occupying the mill privilege on the Sowadabscook ? He erected a log cabin on the left bank of the stream, which then flowed down on the northerly side of the Island, as it is called, and built the first grist-mill ever erected above Fort Point, in 1776-77, where no one now would suppose any man in his senses would build a mill, over the ledge on the northerly side of the island; and there the corn and grain of the neighbors, from those next door to those a dozen miles distant, were ground, until one morning the mill was found high and dry; the water having on one night taken advantage of a slight passage in the gravel on the southerly side of the island, which had been made for the purpose of erecting mills upon that side, to work out for itself a channel through which large vessels were to sail for many years. But, notwithstanding the river had taken a freak to change its course, it still ran, and presented to the enter- prising miller a better mil-site than that which it had abandoned — one which he did not fail to appropriate. About the mills of Wheeler the people settled apace, and, in compliment to the first settler, called the hamlet Wheelerborough. But this was at length found too inconvenient a name for a numerous population to use. The territory beginning at Belfast and terminating at Sowadabscook Stream in 1789 was embraced in the Plantation of Frankfort, which at one time had its prin- cipal settlement at Sandy Point. In 1784, ten years be- fore Hampden was incorporated, it is probable that the name "Wheelerborough" was applied to the river terri- tory of Hampden for some distance below Wheeler's Mills and that Condeskeag Plantation to that abave Wheeler- borough was organized for village purposes probably pret- ty early after its first settlement, and appears to have assessed taxes on the west side of the river, all the way from Marsh Bay to the most northerly settlement, for the purpose of paying for Jeremiah Colburn's lot. Mr. Elihu Hewes, who was in Orrington in 1772 (and before that settled on an island at the mouth of the river, then owned by Isaac Winslow, Esq., containing six or seven thousand acres, probably Orphan Island), was in 1784 in Wheelerborough, and made the following list of persons upon whom the taxes were assessed. He says; These are sums due from the inhabitants to them that bought Jere- miah Colburn's lot for the town, May, 1784, and to be paid in the hands of the Committee of Safety by the first day of July next; by a vote of and order of the town at their meeting ye 27 May, 1784. Elihu Hews, town clerk. (This was a tax of 3s. 6d. on each toll H. Clark, Ephriara Grant, James Grant, Adam Grant, William Grant, Thomas Linen, Hatevil Colson, James Colson, Stephen Little- field, Thomas Down, Noah Downs, Paul Downs, William Sulliva'- John Aldersham, Joshua Harding, Daniel Tibbetts, Benjamin Higgins, Simon Smith, James Mayo, Nathaniel Mayo, Nathaniel Myrick, Dan- iel Whiting, Thomas Harding, Isaac Hopkins, Freeman Knowles, Jona Philbrook, Jesse Harding, James Philbrook, Moses Baker, Reu- ben Newcorab, Andrew Grant, Elisha Grant, Gooden Grant, Andrew Patterson, Samuel Patterson, Bangs Ballard, Jona Pease, John Miller, Gustavus Swan, Nahum Emery, Benjamin Wheeler, Joseph Pomroy, John Crosby, Ebenezer Crosby, Elihu Hewes, Simeon Grolon, Abner Crosby, John Emery, Samuel Gary, Benjamin Smith, Simon Crosby, Ebenezer Mayo, Thomas Low, James Emery, Jacob Dennett, James Dunning, Joseph Potter, John Smart, Jacob Bussell, Thomas Howard, William Tibbetts, Abner Tibbetts, George Tibbetts, Isaac Bussell, An- drew Mayhew, Andrew Webster, Abram Allen, Ashbel llarthorn, Robert Treat, Joseph Page, Joseph Page, Jr., Isaac Page, Abraham Tourtelott, Archibald McPhetres, Abraham Frees, Silas Harthom- Reuben Simpson. At this time Benjamin Wheeler occupied the Stream lot. EUhu Hewes was his nearest neighbor. Nahum Emery occupied the lot on the right hand of the road near the top of the hill between the two villages, before reaching the Town House lot, upon which latter a meet- ing-house was built, nearly resembling those upon the opposite side of the river. This house had its sounding- board, high pulpit, galleries, square pews, and— no ap- pointment for heating in the winter, as some now living can testify. It , was built, probably, at a later day than the others, but like them, in its old age it fell from its high estate. It had no steeple. It was not in fashion. It was used for town purposes, for caucuses, for levees, for jollifications, and finally was demolished to make way for the present fine Town House. Andrew Grant lived on the southern declivity of the hill on the same side of the road, Reuben Newcomb on the other side of the road, in the field below Pitcher's Brook. Moses Baker was a tanner at Bald Hill Cove. Gooden Grant kept a tavern a little north of Hampden Upper Corner, and Simeon - Gorton and Ebenezer Crosby lived on the back road, about half way between the Sowadabscook and Condes- keag Streams. John Crosby lived on the southerly and westerly side of the Sowadabscook, on the hill overlook- ing the water, and easterly of the intersection of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 537 county road with the street leading to the long wharf. He settled in Hampden in 1775, three years after his father settled in Bangor. When Captain Budge removed to Bangor he occupied a log house near the intersection of Oak and Washington streets, overlooking the Penobscot. He afterwards built a one-story frame house on the northerly side of York street, a few rods northerly of Oak street: — now Stetson Square. The Plantation and town meetings were held at his house for ten or twelve years afterward. On March 27, 1787, the people of Condeskge assem- bled there and chose him Moderator, Andrew Webster Town Clerk, Jacob Dennet, Isaac Frees, and Simon Crosby Committee, John Budge Treasurer, and the pio- . neei", Jacob Bussell, "Tithenman," and "voted Andrew Webster, Phihp Lovejoy, and William Holt is hog Reafts, and that "hogs shall Run at Large Being well yoked," and that "every hog the hog Reaft yoaks shall have 4 shillingsj and voted to Buld a Meatmg house forty and thirty-six feet large," and "that the meating house Shall be Bult at Condeskge;" and "Mr. Budge and Mr. Smart agreed to gave an acor of Land to the town to Set the meating house on;" and "voted that the timber for the meating house is to be 12 shillings Per hundred or tun Delivered at the spot where the house is to be Bult." It was in "Sunbury" that the inhabitants met on March 3, 1788, and elected a part of their officers. Of course Andrew Webster was again elected Clerk. Mr. Robert Treat was Moderator at this meeting, and Thomas Howard was elected culler of hoops and staves, and Jeremiah Colburn and others surveyors of roads. The meeting was adjourned to April ro, when Captain James Budge, Silas Harthorn, and Archibald McPhetres were chosen Selectmen, Levi Bradley (Collector, and Daniel Campbell Fish Committee and Church Warden, and it was "voted that hogs is to run at large being well yoaked." The inhabitants of "Penobscot River on the west side" met again on October 5, 1788, and chose Simeon Gorton (who lived nearer the Sowadabscook than the Condeskeag), Thomas Howard, Abraham Tourtelott, and Archibald McPhetres, Assessors, and John Crosby (who lived near the Sowadabscook) and Robert Treat (who lived near the head of the tide), Collectors. At the annual meeting, on March 2, 1789, the inhab- itants, besides their action in regard to "Mr. Noble's Sallary," elected Captain James Budge Surveyor of Highways, and "voted four days to be worked on the hiway this year for every, man," and that "every man that Dont work on the hiway is to Pay 6s. Per Day." On June 30 it was voted to raise ;^io to defray "Plantation Charges," and to raise "tax No. 7" this year. Mr. Budge was a prominent man at this time in the Plantation, as may be supposed from the positions he * occupied. He was the owner of the lot where he lived, — the City Point lot, — containing one hundred acres, with the point which, during«that generation, was famil- iarly known as Budge's Point. As has been said, he was a man of much business ability; and he was a ready and fluent speaker. He succeeded Captain Edward "ilkins as captain of the militia company organized after the Revolutionary War below the Penjejawock Stream, Mansell being captain of that above. Physically he was rather stout. Ten or twelve years after the war he be- came involved in debt, and as the facilities for drowning trouble were everywhere at hand, he resorted to them until he became a pitiable wanderer. He finally became deranged, and so continued until a few weeks before his death, when "his reason was fully restored, and he ex- pressed a willingness to resign a life which, he said, had been as troublesome to himself as to his friends." He died at Garland, May 13, 1827, at the age of seventy-six. While living his unfortunate street life in Bangor, he was famous for rhyming, and for another habit which was sometimes inconvenient to people having trifling articles of property lying carelessly exposed. But he was not without wit, and his delinquencies were good-naturedly borne with. Mr. Thomas Bartlett, a worthy and witty dealer, once made an effort to protect his goods by pre- senting him with a goodly quantity of fine fish, on con- dition that he should steal none. The captain took them and went away, apparently delighted. But he soon returned and surprised and amused his compromising friend by throwing down the fish and saying : — "Here, Bartlett, take your fish. I can do better!" A building, the lower story of which was occupied by a trader who was a Federal politician, and by the family of a lame citizen, and the upper story by the fashionable tailor, John Reynolds, Esq., he made the subject of a piece of his doggerel, which may be taken as a specimen of all his rhymes : — . Down by the shore There is a store Occupied by a Fed. Prouty, the lame, Lives in the same, And Reynolds overhead. Prouty was the same individual who afterwards resided in Hampden, just below the Bangor line, and remon- strated against a proposition to set off that part of Hampden to Bangor because of the unhealthiness of the latter place. Rev. Lemuel Norton, in his autobiography, published in 1 86 1, says that he was an apprentice in 1800, with David Jones Waters, editor of the Castine Gazette, and that Mr. Waters was appointed a deputy Sheriff and took charge of the jail, and that he (Norton) had to con- vey to the prisoners their food ; that among the prison- ers was "James Budge, a man forty-five years of age, who was brought down the river from Bangor, who owned a large part of the land on which the city now stands. This Major Budge, as he was .called, was a notorious drunk- ard and dangerous man, so much so that his wife swore her life against him and had him put into prison." The Rev. Mr. Norton states that he detected the prisoner in an enterprise which indicated that he was possessed of in- genuity and industry enough when himself This was an attempt to release himself from jail. When discovered his work was so far advanced that he would have probably been out that night. With a knife and a file he had removed the sheet iron from the door and made a hole almost through, large enough for the pas- 538 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. sage ot his body. He had been at work upon it for weeks, and removed the wood in small pieces, which he found means to convey to the exterior of the building. Accidentally Norton got sight of two or three pieces on the floor which awakened his suspicions, and he then went outside of the jail and came upon a pile of "hacks or small chips, as large as a winrow of hay, as much as ten or twelve feet long." This led to Budge's being placed in more secure quarters. After some weeks " he having greatly improved and become humble arid peni- tent, his friends came and took him out of prison and carried him home to Bangor." Mr. Norton closes his notice thus: "He was a man of strong intellectual powers, rather a good scholar, and something of a poet ; wrote a great deal, made some excellent poetry — but rum, that demon rum, which destroys its thousands every year, destroyed him, got the mastery over him, and probably ruined him for this world and for that which is to come." Some time prior to 1791, before the forests had been to any great extent removed, there came to Bangor a Frenchman, who was called Junin.* He established himself in a log hut on the river-side about twenty rods above where the Central Railroad station now is. ■ In this hut he lived and carried on a traffic with the Indians. He had with him a nephew, Louis Perrin or Perrinneau. His business was what was called a trucking busmess; that is, an exchange traffic, where little or no money was used. His stock consisted of guns, ammunition, rum, blankets, blue and red broadcloth, ribbons, plumes, green and red baize, and a variety of other goods, which he exchanged for furs. He appeared to be doing busi- ness solely on his own account, and was supposed to have considerable means. On the evening of February 18, 1791, his nephew, in a state of apparent excitement, rushed into the house of Mr. Jacob Dennet, who lived a few rods westerly, and expressed alarm for his uncle, as there were Indians about from whom he was in danger and he feared they would kill him. He remained a short time, and soon after he left the report of a gun was heard. Afterwards Junin's house was visited, and he was found dead in his bed with two bullet-holes through his brains. The murder naturally created great excitement among the settlers. Jacob Dennet, John Dennet, Elisha May- hew, John Emery, and John Emery, Jr., searched the woods for the Indians, but found none. It is probable that, if Indians perpetrated the murder, they knew better where to conceal themselves than their hunters knew where to find them. An inquest on the body was held. On the next day after the murder, Jonathan Eddy, Esq., who lived about four miles above, on the easterly side of the river, issued his warrant to Abraham Tour- tellott, a constable, to summon thirteen good men legally qualified to hold an inquest. The persons summoned were Captain Thomas Campbell, Major Robert Treat, Captain James Budge, Captain John Rider, William Plympton, Robert Hickborn, Andrew Webster, John *Sometimes Junot. Smart, William Hasey, Elijah Smith, Nathaniel Harlow and Abraham Allan, who were sworn as jurors. The jury soon came to the conclusion that Junin was killed, for there was the evidence of two shot-holes through his head, plain to be seen. It took them longer not to determine who killed him. Indians or Louis probably committed the murder. It was a locality for Indians, and it was proved that muskrat skins were dis- covered scattered about the house at the time Junin was found dead. It was proved also that Louis went to the house of Dennet, as above stated. As Indians could not be found, notwithstanding the assertion of Louis before the miirder that they were "about," it was thought that Louis must have been the murderer to obtain his uncle's property. The jury had not the actual evidence that he was the murderer, and they returned the verdict that there was probable cause for the beUef that " Louis Parronneau " committed the murder. Whether or not there were any other facts to influence public opinion than what have come down to us, it ap- pears to have concurred with the verdict of the jury.* On the 23d of February, Jona. Eddy, Esq., and Simeon Fowler, Esq., issued their warrant for the arrest of Louis, and as he had not absented himself, he was taken by deputy Sheriff Joshua Woodbury before them. After examination they issued their mittimus for his committal to the goal in Pownal borough (now Dresden) then the shire town of the county of Lincoln, in which Bangor was. The French Consul at Boston was made acquainted with the case, and interested himself in behalf of Louis, and used all his influence to procure an acquittal. Why he should have done this, if from examination he had reason to believe him guilty, is a question not easy to answer. Louis was defended by two of the most emi- nent counsel of the Kennebec and Lincoln Bars, the distinguished barrister, John Gardiner, Esq., and General William Lithgow, Jr., and was acquitted. From the strong circumstantial evidence, the tradition is that the people held him guilty; and some believed that he got off to France with the fruits of his robbery; and that he escaped directly after the murder was com- mitted. But of what became of him after his acquittal we have no record or tradition. The body of Junin was laid in the burial ground at the intersection of Oak and Washington streets (where the Hinckley & Egery Iron Foundry now is), and his headstone was standing early in the century. Two individuals, who afterward became prominent citizens of the town, established themselves at Condeskeag between 1787 and 1791. They were William Boyd from Bristol, Maine, and Nathaniel Harlow from Plymouth, Massachusetts. The former was a ship-carpenter, the latter a pump- and block-maker. Mr. Harlow had been into the West, and explored the country previous to settling here. He preferred Condeskeag to any place he had seen. He saw in the West houses built of hewn tim- * There is a tradition that Louis slept with the Dennet boys that night, and shook and trembled badly, which was construed as evidence against him. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 539 ber, and built one similar on the side hill, near where the First Baptist meeting-house now stands, which he oc- cupied until his means enabled him to build the two- story frame-house which now stands in the rear of the First Baptist Chapel. The population slowly increased. It had reached the number of one hundred and fifty, or thereabouts. The people were ambitious. They were not content with the primitive organization of the Plantation of that day. Their incorporation as a town would give them dignity, and peradventure in many ways advance their interests. They resolved that the sunny banks of their river, to which the aesthetic Parson Noble had given the fitting name Sunbury, should with their inhabitants be incor- porated and bear the name legally, and delegated that reverend gentleman to proceed to the General Court at Boston, and procure an act of incorporation. But he was fond of music — he was a singer — the minor key was very appropriately in vogue in this locality during the Revolution and for a generation afterwards, and the music set to the words — • Hark, from the tombs a doleful sound ! Mine ears, attend the cry — Ye living men, come view the ground Where you must shortly lie ; which bore the name of Bangor, so haunted his im- agination, and was often breathed through his lips, that he felt it to be more euphonious and a more fitting name for the town than Sunbury. He therefore substituted it, and the act incorporating the town of Bangor was passed on February 25, 1791. It has never been hinted that his constituents were dissatisfied with his conduct, and to this day the name has been satisfactory to all its people. With its incorporation Bangor received a new impetus. Mr. Treat had been successful in his traffic. From the poultry trade he derived enormous profits. His means were sufficient to enable him to go into the business of ship-building. He employed Mr. Boyd as master-car- penter, and in 1791 laid the keel of a vessel, which in two years was ready to receive her rigging and sails. Mr. Treat had the opportunity to avail himself of the craft of Mr. Harlow for pumps and blocks ; that of Mr. Timothy Crosby, son of Simon, for masts and spars; and that of Mr. Jacob Dennett for boats. This vessel was the first, larger than a boat, ever built in the region of Bangor.* About 1794, several farms were commenced on the banks of the Condeskeag. William Potter had the farm whose westerly line was near Lover's Leap, and was sub- sequently owned and occupied by Francis Carr, more re- cently by Simon Norvell, afterwards, so much as remained of itv by Captain Thomas Norvell, his son ; then by Mr. Frank H. Lowell, and now by Mr. Johnson, from ♦New York. Aaron Clark commenced a farm a mile further up the stream, near what are now the Hatch or Merrill Mills. Samuel Sherburne took up a lot at the intersection of the Six-Mile-Falls and Pushaw roads. But agriculture did not occupy all the attention of the Jacob McGaw's Sketch of Bangor, in Library of iMaine Historical Society. farmers. The winters were long; timber was abundant, and they were tempted to engage themselves in the pro- duction of what has ever since been the chief staple of this region — lumber. William Potter had built a small mill on the fall under Lover's Leap as early as 1786, and Clark, Sherburne, and others could do no less than contribute their share of shingles for the market. Fish, too, began to be a marketable commodity. The streams were full of them. Salmon, shad, and alewives were taken under Lover's Leap, at the mouths of the Manta- wassuck, Segeunkedunk, and Sowadabscook Streams, and at Penobscot Falls. Vessels began to frequent the river, and the surplus lumber and fish of the inhabitants were taken at remunerative prices. No record was made of the quantity or value of the fish taken at Bangor in any one year, but between thirty and four hundred barrels of shad and alewives were usu- ally taken at one tide at each of the several fishing places or eddies — the average would be from seventy-five to one hundred barrels. At Treat's Falls sometimes forty salmon were taken in a day. The fishing season, in the spring, continued about five weeks ; time of greatest plenty, two weeks. Salmon were taken during three months at least, but they were not abundant.* From $1 to $1.25 per barrel were paid from the vessels for alewives, and what were then considered fair prices for shad. Newburyport vessels were engaged in the trade and took large quantities of fish to the Southern markets and the West Indies for plantation pur- poses. In 179s William Hammond and John Smart erected a saw-mill at the head of the tide on the Condeskeag, where the Morse & Co. mills now are. There was a great supply of good lumber upon the stream, which con- tinued to supply the mills there until about the year 1850. Game was found in great abundance along the banks of this river. There are those living who had fine sport in hunting moose and the larger animals of the forest, as well as birds and smaller game. Besides the fish men- tioned, bass were plenty in the Penobscot, and sturgeon, which were esteemed of no value for food, made havoc ' with the seines of the fishermen. They were, however, made use of in furnishing sport for the boys. When caught a rope would be attached to their tail, and they would be returned to the water and used as a motive power for the boats, which they drew very swiftly until they became exhausted, and then, like any other tired draft animal, had to be urged forward by slicks. f The records of the Plantation and of the town of Ban- gor are extremely meagre until after the year 1800. It is supposed that at some time when there was danger of their being destroyed — perhaps when the British made their incursion — some careful person deposited them in a garret for safety, and the rats and mice, having no more respect for them than the British would have had, con- verted them into linings for their nests. At any rate, but a small remnant could ever be found, and that affords *McGaw's Sketch. i-Bangor Centennial, '8i. S40 HISTORY OP t£NOfiSC0t COUNtV, MAINE. hardly as much evidence of the business transacted as of the want of business knowledge of the persons whose pe- culiar business it was to preserve that evidence — the Clerks. In several instances they did not certify to the truth of the record, or even sign their names to it, and in no instance does it appear that they were sworn. The action of tlie town upon the act of incorporation appears nowhere. The petition for an act of incorporation is as follows : Penobscot River, i8th May, 1790. To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in General Court assembled. The petition of the subscribers, inhabitants of and living upon a tract of land in the county of Lincoln, by the nameof No. One, Second Range, lying on the west side of Penobscot River, bounded as follows, viz, : Southerly on No. One, Easterly on Penobscot River, northerly and west- erly on Govmnt land, as will appear by Captain Stone's survey. Humbly sheweth that there is living upon said land forty-five families, seventy-nine pools [polls], and are possessed of about two-thirds of the property of what is commonly called Kenduskeag Plantation, or the Plantation from the Widow Wheeler's Mills and upwards to the head of the settlement on the West side of the Penobscot River. We labor under many disadvantages for want of being incorporated with town privileges, therefore humbly pray your honours would be pleased to take our difficult circumstances into your wise consideration, and incorpor- ate it into a town by the name of Bangor. We have no Justice of the Peace for thirty miles this side of the River— No Grand Jury, and some people not of the best morals. Your Honours know what the con- sequence must be. We doubt not but you will grant us our request, and your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever p'ray. Andrew Webster, Clerk. P- S. — The inhabitants of said Plantation, at sundry legal meetings for two years past, have unanimously Voted to be incorporated, without which we can have no benefit of our school or ministerial lands. From the form of the petition it would seem that the town voted that the name should be Bangor. Mr. Wil- liamson, author of the History of Maine, learned from some of the earliest and most intelligent inhabitants, who knew the fact, that Mr. Noble, from his fondness for the old church tune, procured the incorporation of the town by the name mentioned in the petition. Colonel Porter's Memoirs of Colonel Eddy contains the warrant to organize- the town. It is as follows: Hancock, ss. To Captain James Budge, of Bangor, in said county. Gentleman — Greeting : Whereas an act passed the General Court in the State of Massa- chusetts, February tlie 25th Day, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, incorporated into a town a certain tract of Land known by the name of Condiskeag plantation, together with the mhabuants therein, by the name of Bangor; and called on me to issue a warrant to some suitable inhabitant of Bangor to have a meeting of the mhabitants at some convenient time and place, to choose such officers as towns are by law required to choose in the months of March and April, annually. Therefore, in the name of the Commonwealth you are Required to warn the above said inhabitants to meet at some con- venient time and Place for the aforesaid purposes, and this shall be your sufficient Warrant for so Doing. Given under my hand and seal this 25 Day of February, in the year 1792. . , Jo'^A. Eddy, Justice of the Peace. In obedience to the written warrant to me Directed, I have warned the withm-named Inhabitants to meet at the Dwelling house of Major Kobert Treat, on Thursday, the 22 day of March. James Budge. The town was doubtless organized under the act, for it appears that on April 4, 1796, the inhabitants met at Captam James Budge's, and having chosen William Boyd Moderator, elected William Hammond, Jr., Town Clerk and other town officers, They then made Nathaniel Harlow, Andrew Webster, and William Hammond, Jr., a committee to settle town business with the Town Treas- urer and Collector from the incorporation of the town • and William Boyd and Nathaniel Harlow a committee to hire a minister, and "voted 66 Dollars 66 cents for the Gospel." There were twenty-five votes cast at this meeting, fifteen of which were for Samuel Adams for Governor, and ten for Increase Sumner. Moses Gill re- ceived all save one for Lieutenant-Governor, and Isaac Parker twenty, Daniel Conant one, and Alexander three for Senator. The next meeting of which there was a record was held on May 2, 1796. Robert Hickborn, Buckley Emerson, and Simon Crosby were appointed a committee to settle with the former Collector and Treasurer of Condeskeag Plantation. "To settle with the part not of the town, and the remainder to be assessed their proportions, and have six shillings a day for actual service." A meeting was held at Captain Budge's, October 24th, of the same year, and ten votes were cast for Isaac Parker for Elector, and nine votes for Henry Dearborn for Rep- resentative to Congress. Another meeting was held on February 6, 1797, at Captain Budge's, where their votes were cast for Isaac Parker for Elector, and all for Henry Dearborn for Representative to Congress, except one for Isaac Parker. Pohtics did not run high. Rev. Mr. Noble continued in Bangor, and betwixt June I, 1796, and December rs, solemnized five marriages. The persons made happy by this benignant clergyman were Aaron Griffin and Peggy Webster, both of Bangor; William Hammond, of Bangor, and Susannah Campbell, of Orrington; William McPhetres and Esther Ayres, of Colbourn as a Plantation; Ichabod Clark and Mary Lan- kester, both of Condeskeag; and Benjamin Low and Mary Hutchings, both of Bangor. The year 1797 was very prolific of town meetings. On April 3 it was voted to lay out a road on the northeast side of Condeskeag (Harlow street), and that there should be two pounds in the town. Twenty-two votes were cist for Moses Gill for Governor and Increase Summer, Lieu- tenant-Governor. On May 10 they met at Captain Budge's "for the pur- pose of separating the State and choosing a Representa- tive to Congress." This is the full record of the proceed- ings of the meeting: Vote 1. WilUam Boyd, Moderator. 2. Henry Dearborn, Esq., 12 votes for Rep. to Congress. 3. Voted to sepperate the State. Dissolved without day. Wm. H., T, Clerk. At another meeting on November 30, it was voted, "that William Hammond, of Newtown, be an agent to receive a petition from the town to get the settlers' land granted to them, and a title," and to raise $40 to pay the expenses of the petition ; and that "the Selectmen be a committee to rite a petition and fix the papers that is necessary to send to court for a Lottery to build a Bridge over Condeskg Stream." The record is signed by Mr. Hammond, "Wm. T., T. Clerk." Rev. Joshua Hall, a Methodist clergyman, itinerated in this region in 1794-95. His circuit extended from ttlSTO&V OF tENOfiSCoT COtJNtY, MAlNfe. $41 Union, in the county of Lincoln, northerly to Stillwater, and from Stetson Plantation easterly to Orland. He preached in Bangor once in six weeks through the year. Deacon William Boyd, .Nathaniel Harlow, James Budge, Jacob Dennett, and James Dunning were the only resi- dents then near the Kenduskeag. There was only one jtore — that kept by Major Treat — though not far from that time Captain Budge kept goods for sale in his log cabin. That is said to have been the first store in the present business part of the city. The land on the west- ern side of the Condeskge was covered with wood. There being no bridge near Bangor, nor boat or gondola of sufficient size above Buckstown [Bucksport] to convey horses across the river. Rev. Mr. Hall sometimes resorted to the expedient of lashing two canoes together, side by side, and then putting his horse on board with his fore feet in one and hind feet in the other; and thus, at great risk when the current was strong, he ferried his docile beast over the river, though generally the horse had to make the passage by swimming, while his master went in a canoe. Roads there were none worthy the name, and the locomotion was chiefly by canoes. The people went in them from ten to twenty miles to attend Mr. Hall's ministrations. He was at that time about twenty-six years of age. His residence, during the latter part of his life, was in Frankfort.* •Colonel Little's letter in Bangor Jeffersonian, December, 1852. CHAPTER V. Hampden Incorporated — Its Extent — Why so Named — Population in i7qo — First Town Meeting — Ballard's Survey — First Meeting House — General Crosby's Mill and Brick Store — His Enterprise — Academy — Settlers of New Worcester — Bangor Settlers — A Minister, Rev. James Boyd— His Ordination — His Delinquencies and Removal — Rev. Mr. Mudge — School-house — Legislature and Settlers — Park Holland's Survey — Bangor in 1800 — Voters in 1801 — Taverns in 1802— Town Officers — Two School Districts — School Committees- Votes for Governor and Representative to Congress — Dr. Balch — Bridge Project— $400 Raised for Schools — Eliashib Adams — Morals of the People— Town House Contemplated — Main and Water Streets —Cemetery— Change of Annual Meeting — Town Officers in 1804 — School Committee — Excursion to Mt. Katahdin. 1800 to 1805. Hampden was incorporated as a town February 24, 1794. It extended from about a mile and a half below the Kenduskeag Stream to Bald Hill Cove, and embraced about twenty-three thousand acres. Its name was adopted in memory of the eminent English Republican, John Hampden. With the people of Or- nngton and Bangor they were equally annoyed by the ■British in 1779, and some of the inhabitants removed to the places whence they originally came — the Ken- nebec and beyond — but returned at the close of the war. A portion of the town was assigned to General Knox to supply a deficiency in the Waldo Patent, and a portion was surveyed and lotted by Ephraim Ballard, and each settler received a lot of one hundred acres, upon the pay- ment of six dollars and fifty-six cents, if he came before January, 1784, and fifty dollars if he took up his lot be- tween that time and January, 1794. It is uncertain what was the population within the limits of the territory incorporated in 1790. Bangor, including the territory above the Sowadabscook, contained a population of 567. In 1800, after incorporation with that territory eliminated, it contained but 277. If it increased none in the dec- ade, the prior adjacent territory must have contained a population of 290. Of this one-half — 145, if not more — was probably in the Hampden part. The remaining portion of Hampden contained more than that number, and the population of the incorporated Hampden terri- tory was in 1790 between 300 and 400. The first warrant for a meeting of the inhabitants of Hampden was issued by Simeon Fowler, Esq., of Or- rington, and was directed to Simeon Gorton, Constable. The meeting was at the house of Benjamin Wheeler, which stood on the side-hill towards the Dudley resi- dence, near High Head, and there the town meetings were regularly held for several years afterwards. Ballard's survey was made in 1796. He gave each settler a certificate of the survey of his lot, and the next year the agents of Massachusetts arranged with the set- tlers, and gave them deeds agreeably to the certificates. As in Condeskeag and New Worcester, the idea of a meeting-house was prominent in the minds of the inhab- itants of Hampden. It proves that they felt that, not- withstanding they had set down on the extreme confines of civilization, they were still the subjects of Christian influences. At their first town meeting they voted to build a meet- ing-house, and made some arrangements for raising the funds. It progressed slowly, however, but was sufifi- ciently completed to accommodate a town meeting in 1798, after the Wheeler house was considered too small for the purpose. Mortified that the town should be so indifferent in regard to its completion, Mr. John Crosby, who was an enterprising and prosperous merchant, pressed to have it finished, and succeeded in 1800. The pews were then sold to individuals for $750 more than the cost of the whole structure. Mr. Crosby erected a saw-mill on the privilege near the mouth of the Sowadabscook, and extended his business largely. He engaged in navigation, and had wharves not only at the mouth of the Sowadabscook, but also two miles further up the Penobscot. At one time he was probably the most prominent merchant and ship-owner upon the Penobscot. In 1809 he built the brick store near the Upper Corner, which bids fair to stand many a century, a monument of his enterprising spirit and of his town's early prosperity. General Crosby, besides being enterprising in business, was ambitious tor. the religious and educational improve- ment of his town. He built what in his day was es- teemed an elegant residence, which he occupied. Every- 542 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. thing about it indicated comfort, and gave evidence of the well-to-do proprietor. It was the home of the missionary while attending to the religious needs of the people of his locality, and the resort of all good people. Rev. Jotham Sewall was always a welcome guest. His wife was the worthy companion of such a man, and they reared a family worthy of themselves — intelligent, indus- trious, and exemplary sons, and refined and beautiful daughters. He was instrumental in the establishment of Hampden Academy, an institution that, for two-thirds of a century, has educated the youth of the valley of the Penobscot, and sent many hundreds of men and wornen into the world who have risen to honorable positions in their several spheres. He obtained the act incorporating it, having previously obtained a subscription of about $3,000 to its funds. In after life, however, he was un- fortunate in business, but he never forgot his early habits of industry. A late work was to secure the erection of a grist-mill near the site of the ancient Wheeler mill, and this he superintended until old age compelled him to yield to its behests. Towards the close of the century Messrs. Brewer and Fowler, who looked after the interests , of the settlers of the 10,864 acres saved from Knapp and associates, made a hst of those entitled to the several lots into which its river front was surveyed, beginning at Ihe northerly ex- tremity and extending to the southern, prefacing it with the following remarks : — • It appears to us that the names in this column come sufficiently under the resolve of the General Court, passed the 25th of June, 1789, defin- ing the term settler; because their land's were taken up, housen built, and improvements made thereon, intending it for their abode, before the late war with England; but some were forced away by reason of the de- feat at Bigwaduce; some others enlisted and went into the Continental service, and before and since the first day of January, 1784, have re- turned themselves, or somebody under them, and have made large im- provements thereon, and still continue to live thereon. [Signed] Simeon Fowler. John Brewer. June 3, 1796. Peter Robeshaw, 100 acres; Samuel Turner, 100; John Mansel, Jr., 100; John Phillips, 200; Moses Knap, 125; Samuel Knap, 100; Emer- son Orcutt, 275; Thadeus Adams, 100; John Mansell, 100; Samuel Bayley, 100; Solo'n Harthorn, 200; Levi Bradley, 100; Elisha Crane, 100; Bryand Bradley, 75; Thomas Campbell, Jr., 100; Thomas Camp- bell, too; James Campbell, 100; John Thorn, 100; Lott Rider, 100; John Rider, 100; Simeon Johnson, 100; John Rider, Jr., 100; Benjamin Perkins, 100; Andrew Mayhew, 100; John Holyoke, 200; Joseph Burr, 100; EUsha Skinner, 100; Daniel Skinner, 75; Charles Burr, 100; School and Ministerial Lot, 150; John Emery, 100; Henry Kenney, 200; Elias Dupee, 100; John Tibbitts, 190; Josiah Brewer, Jr., 100; Josiah Brewer, Esq., 100; Johnand Josiah Brewer, 100;* John Brewer, 100; James Guin, 200; David Wiswell, 100; Ephraim Doane, 100; Heman Smith, 100; Jona Raskins, 100; Robert McCurdy, 100; Amos Dole, 100; Thomas Brastow, 100; Joseph Baker, 100; Moses Baker, 100; Joseph Baker, Jr., 100; Benjamin Snow, 130; Solomon Swett, Hannah Arey, widow, Samuel Freeman, 200; Nath'l Pierce, 100; Jesse Rogers, 100; Joseph Rooks, 100; Simeon Fowler, 100; George Brooks, 100; Jesse Atwood, 150; Oliver Doane, 75; Thomas Deane, 75; Samuel Brown, 100; Daniel Nickerson, 100; Warren Nickerson, 100; Eliphalet Nicker- son, 100; Paul Nickerson, 100; Henry Cole, 100; Betsey Snow, widow, 100; Timothy Freeman, 100; Samuel Bartletl, 150; Jeremiah Holmes, 150; Moses Wentworth, 150; Timothy Nye, 50; Joseph and Jesse Smith, 100; Ebenezer Whelding, 100; — total, 3,360 acres. 1800 to 1804. We have now traced the history of the three towns 0/ Bangor, Orrington, and Hampden, from ' Built grist-mill on it in 1794. their primitive and plantation state— ^Bangor as Condes- keag and Sunbury, Orrington as New Worcester, and Hampden as Wheelerborough — and find them at the be- ginning of the nineteenth century well started in their career as corporate municipalities. It will be recollected that at a town meeting on the 4th of April, 1796, there was appointed "a committee to hire a minister." It does not appear that a selection was made until the year 1806. Then Rev. James Boyd was ordained, but by whom the selection was made there is no record, which is well, perhaps, as both tradition and record give him no enviable reputation. But the town of Bangor and the Congregationalists of Orrington and Hampden united and gave Mr. Boyd a call. A council was convened, consisting of Rev. Mr. Coffin and Rev. 'Roswell Messenger, of York, and others, who organized a church made up of members belonging to the three towns. The ordination followed in the northerly of the two early meeting-houses erected in Orrington. After the ordmation there was a feast at Madam Holyoke's, and as new rum and other liquors in that day were indis- pensable on such occasions, they flowed freely on this, and Rev. Mr. Boyd gave infallible evidence of their in- toxicating qualities. At that time Rev. Enoch Mudge was preaching acceptably to the Methodists in the lower part of Orrington, and much denominational feeling ex- isted between the Methodists and Calvinists. Mr. Heber Eldridge, the poet of the river, who appears to have sympathized- with the former, took advantage of Mr. Boyd's over-indulgence to fire a shot into the stronghold of the latter in this fashion: A minister, a drunken cur As ever yet was seen. Came from the west, and built his nest Down by Condeskeag Stream, 'Till twenty-four, or something more. He served his master, Dagon, Then from Methodist to Calvinist He altered his persuasion. Thankful ahd Jenny* were fierce as any For joining Parson, Boyd. They gave their voice, it was their choice That Mudge should be destroyed. Dr. George Shepard, in his sermon on the Early Re- ligious History of Bangor and Vicinity, said of the per- sons concerned in his ordination, " whether these men laid hands suddenly on Mr. Boyd we do not know— that they did it unfortunately we do know — for at the end of one year the town called a council to try him on six charges — some of them allegations of gross immorality. The "wolf in sheep's clothing" clearly made his way to Condeskeag when Parson Boyd came. It was a wilderness region ; such a place as wolves of that descrip- tion are accustomed to wander into. But the parson did not have all the business for which clergymen are consid- ered peculiarly fitted, or he would have enjoyed an ex- perience which fell to the lot of one of another profes- sion, settled near the Sowadabscook, and earned a dollar that he might have well laid away as a memento of a * Thankful and Jenny Baker. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 543 very primitive feast and a very odd marriage, described in the following letter. Any marriage, with its concomitants, in i8oo m the backwoods, would hardly compare with a backwoods marriage of this day ; but regard was paid to the legal re- quirements at whatever trouble, if not to the clerical. The letter is from Daniel Livermore — who was, per- haps, a physician and Justice of the Peace combined — •dated Hampden, February 4, 1800, and directed to "Mr. Samuel E. Button, Hallowell." A few days ago a young man came into my office, clad in a short blue coat, a pair of blue trowsers very much patched, a pair of woolen stockings so much patched and darned that I could not discover what their first color was ; a very wide rufHe to his shirt, exposed to view from his waistband to his handkerchief, which was tied in two large bows, extending from one shoulder to the other. His face, I suppose, had never been touched with a razor ; and there was a thick matted yel- . low down growing around his mouth, about half an inch in length. He .stood nearly half an hour before he broke silence (I being busy writing). At last, in a tone scarcely audible, he addressed me in the following manner : "Do you marry yoiing folks, sometimes?" I told him "Yes." He then said : " I want to be married." I then asked him where he lived and the distance. He said he did not know the place nor the distance, but thought General Crosby knew, i asked him whether it was up or down the river. He said: "Up." I asked him who his neighbors were, and found he lived two miles from the river, ten miles above Hampden. It was then just sundown. I mounted my horse and set out on a trot; kept the poor fellow upon the run, as he was on foot, for the most part of the way. The distance being about twelve miles, many curious thoughts ran through my head on the passage [to the effect that the candidate for matrimony was hav- inga rather severe preparation]. At length (some time in the night) we arrived at a small log hut, about fifteen feet square, two miles distant from any other in the woods; tied my horse to a small stack of meadow- hay; crept into the camp, where was a man sitting on a bunch of straw in a kind of bunk, a woman sitting by a little fire in one corner of the hut, a little girl squatting at her side, with their stockings pulled off, their faces and legs very dirty, and dressed very meanly. "Good heavens!" says I to myself, "is here a bride?" I sat down by the fire, for it was very cold. They mustered and made some tea and fried some pork. We sat down and ate and drank without sugar, cream, knives, or forks, making use of our fingers to help ourselves, with no light but the fire, and that poor. I wished myself back to Hampden, but could not get there without riding twelve miles in the cold. However, as soon as we had supped, 1 told them we must do what we did quick, for I was in a hurry. The little dirty thing had taken a scrub-broom and was scratching the floor. The woman told her: "Betty, you need not sweep any more." Betty then stripped, in my presence; put on a calico gown and a wide, red sash (for I suppose she thought those little duds she had on would not answer to be married in); the groom seized her left hand with his left, and stood on the wrong side. I began to say; the woman of the house at the same time was placing herself for a bride-maid. Her hus- band did not take the opposite side; she ordered him to his stand, help- ing to place him at the side of the groom, while I was saying the cere- mony. I proceeded and did not mind the disturbance, and got through as quick as possible; put on my coat and hat; came off with all possible speed, and got home before morning — received one dollar for my night's work— Fees, $i.oo. Physicians at the present day cannot think that the charges at that period were exorbitant, if any opinion , may be formed in regard to them by a memorandum of Dr. 'Squire Livermore's business for January, iSoo, and three months previous, attached to this letter. "For that time," he says, "my charges are : ^"'P^y^i'^ $35 33 In my office 26 87 $62 20 On April 22, 1801, the inhabitants of Bangor voted $100 as the salary of Rev. Mr. Boyd, and on the 26th, four days afterwards, they appointed James Urumraond, Timothy Crosby, and Amos Patten to settle with him, and "obtain a discharge from him on the best terms pos- sible." His delinquencies would seem to have been a surprise upon the good people, from their impulsive action. They learned, however, that there must be some formality in disposing of a settled clergyman in that day, for at a meeting at Samuel Greenleaf's tavern — which stood on the easterly side of Newbury street, between State and York — on the 19th October, it was voted that the town, with the societies of Orrington and Hampden call a council of ministers to dismiss Rev. James Boyd from the ministry over said town and societies, that Rev. Jona. Fisher, of Bluehill; Rev. Jona. Powers, of Penob- scot; Rev. Daniel Merrill, of Sedgwick; and Rev. Eben Rice, of Belfast, with their delegates, compose the coun- cil, and that Buckley Emerson be agent to provide accom- modations for them. Accordingly those clergymen were invited, and with the delegates. Deacon Robert Wood and Eben Hinck- ley, of Bluehill; Deacon David Hawes, of Penobscot; David Thurston, of Sedgwick; and Deacon Tolford Thurston and I. Gillmore, of Belfast, on November 4, 1801, constituted an ecclesiastical council, at Greenleaf's tavern, to act upon the charges against Boyd. He was requested to accept the council as mutual "to which he did not accede." Mr. Amos Patten, who was Town Clerk, made a rec- ord of the proceedings of the council. There were "six heavy charges," but these do not appear. The Clerk's delicacy was so great that, instead of recording them, he. made this note, "Decency might blush at recording them." After fully investigating the causes of complaint, the Council "unanimously agreed that, in consequence of what appears to have been Mr. Boyd's conduct as mani- fested by what is supported of the said charges, we con- sider his usefulness as a minister of the Gospel to be at an end, and our duty to take from him the charge of the church of the town of Bangor and of the Congregational societies of Orrington and Hampden." Thus was the second minister of Bangor disposed of, and with him apparently all desire to have another. But the Methodists in the lower section of Orrington were more fortunate in their minister, Mr. Mudge. Professor Shepard says of him that "he came from Lynn to Orring- ton in the latter part of the century; he wrought through the week at his trade as a shoe-maker, and on the Sab- bath preached with great acceptance to the people, laying the foundations of the flourishing church or churches of that persuasion now existing there. That town owes a vast debt to that faithful Christian." Although the people of Bangor were unfortunate in their religious enterprises, yet there was a desire to provide for the education of their children, and in 1800- 01 they voted the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars to James Drummond to build a school-house. The house was built near the bank of the Penobscot just 544 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. northerly of the first hill above Treat's Falls, on the right hand of the road, Drumniond's house standing high above it on the opposite side of the road. It was one story, had a square or "hip" with pretty belfry in the centre. This was the first school-house in Bangor. There was a struggle, however, to get the appropriation of one hundred and fifty dollars. An attempt was made to have the vote reconsidered, but it did not succeed, and another project more important did not succeed, as appears by this record of a vote on April 22, 1801 : "Neg- atived a vote to raise a sum of money for the support of schools." But the indications began to appear that Bangor was not to be forever shrouded in intellectual darkness. Prior to the year 1801, not a settler had a title to this land; that was in the Commonwealth, and he was at its mercy. But on March 5, 1801, the General Court passed a resolve authorizing a deed to be given to each settler before January i, 1784, or his legal representative, of his lot of one hundred acres on his paying into the treasury eight dollars and seventy cents, and to each settler be- tween that date and February 23, 1793, a deed of his lot of one hundred acres on his paying one hundred dollars. The resolve provided for the appointment of a com- mittee to cause the lots to be surveyed and their bounds established. Accordingly the Committee employed Park Holland, Esq., a veteran surveyor, who had been a cap- tain in General Lincoln's army to put down Shay's Re- bellion in 1793, an assistant surveyor with General Rufus Putnam, in 1784, in Government service in what is now Washington county; and with Jonathan Maynard in 1794, in surveying the Indian reserved lands on the Pe- nobscot and lands in the northerly part of the State. He had in this year (1801) removed his family from Massachusetts to the "Bend" in Eddington, and his ap- pointment as surveyor of the settlers' lots in Bangor "was eminently fit to be made." The following table contains the names of the settlers, or of their representatives, and the numbers of their lots as surveyed by Mr. Holland in 180 r. The numbering commences at the line betwixt Bangor and Hampden, and extends northerly (with 19 interjected for Daniel Webster and 88 for Fessenden & Bussell; 99 for William Forbes, and 40 for Joseph Trott), to the Orono line, on the river until it reaches 40; 41 is in the rear of 3839, and 40, then there is a jump to the lot adjoining the Glenburn line on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, which the numbering follows to 40 inclusive, when there is another jump to 47 on the Glenburn line on the easterly side of the Kenduskeag, which it follows down until it comes to 68, which extends somewhat below Kenduskeag Bridge and intersects in the stream with 70, which extends on the westerly side to the neighborhood of Lover's Leap. The other numbers are scattered irregularly over the town. Timo. Crosby, i; heirs of Simon Crosby, 2; Theodore Frafton, 3; Peter Burgess, 4; Bulkeley Emerson, 5; Thomas and Charles Low, 6; William Hammond, 7; Jacob Dennet, 8; John Dennet, 9; heirs of James Dun- ning, 10; Robert Lapish, et al., 11; Haynes, 12; William Boyd, 13; heirs of John Kelsea, 14; Seth Noble, 15; Thomas Howard, 16; Robert Treat, 17; Robert Hick- born, 18; Daniel Webster, 19; Robert Treat, 20; Robert Treat, 21; James Drumriiond, 22; Abraham Allen, 23' Evans, & Hains, 24; Robert Treat, 25 ; Robert Treat, 26' Jona. Lowden, 27; Archibald McPhetres, 28; Robert Treat, 29; Robert Treat, 30; Robert Treat, 31; Robert Treat, 32; Robert Treat, 33; Robert Treat, 34; Bulke- ley Emerson, 35; Robert Treat, 36; Joseph Munsell, 37; Timo. Crosby, 38; Robert Treat, 39; Robert Treat, 40' Richard Webster, 41 ; John Crosby, 42; Godfrey & Web- ster, 43; Samuel Greenleaf, et al., 44; S. Greenleaf and others, 45; James Gardner, 46; Aaron Griffin, 47; Wil- liam Davis, 48; William Davis, 49; William Hasey, 50; William Hasey, 51; Robert Lapish and others, 52; Rob- ert Lapish and others, 53; Samuel Sherburn, 54; William Lancaster, 55; Aaron Clark, 56; George Fulraan, 57; Robert Lapish and others, 58; Stinson Potter, 59; Robert Lapish and others, 60; Joseph Potter, 61; Rob- ert Lapish and others, 62 ; William Hammond, 63 ; Rob- ert Lapish and others, 64; Robert Lapish and others, 65; William Potter and others, 66; John Smart, 67; Nathan- iel Harlow, 68; William Hasey, 69; William Hammond, 70; heirs of James Dunning, 71; Daniel Campbell, 72; Daniel Campbell, 73; William Hammond, 74; William Hammond, 75; William Hammond, 76; William Ham- mond, 77;- Amos Patten, 78; Robert Lapish and others, 79; Robert Lapish and others, 80; heirs of John Kelsea, 81; heirs of James Boyd, 82; heirs of Thomas Howard, 83; John Haynes, 84; Robert Lapish and others, 85; Robert Lapish and others, 86; Robert Lapish and others, 87; Fessenden & Bussey, 88; Robert Lapish, 89; Wil- liam Boyd, 90; Daniel Webster, 91; Jona Morse, 92; Patrick Campbell, 93; Patrick Campbell, 94; James Drummond, 95; Daniel Neal, 96; John Harlow, 97; James Drummond, 98; WilHam Forbes, 99; Joseph Treat, 100; heirs of McLaughlin, loi; Hatch, Patten, and others, 102; Bulkeley Emerson, 103; Robert Treat, 104; Jona. Lowden, 105; William Hammond, 106; Ash- bel Harthorn, 107; David Harthorn, 108; Silas Har- thorn, 109; Joseph Trott, no; Patten and others, in; Benjamin Low, 112; John Hutchings, 113; Thomas and Charles Low, 114. Bangor entered upon its thirty-second year and the nine- teenth century with a population of 277. It had been a town for nearly ten years. It was in the midst of a wil- derness, nearly at the extremity of the Republic, and far from the commercial centre. Still it began to attract attention because of its situation. The population of Massachusetts was rapidly increasing. The law of pn- mogeniture had bgen practically reversed in that com- monwealth; the youngest son instead of the eldest was made the heir of the homestead, and the eldest must seek his fortune elsewhere. The newly opened country in Maine was represented as having attractions. The Penobscot region was talked about. These provisions by the Legislature of farms for the asking had their effect upon the young men of enterprise, and the emigration in this direction increased yearly. The situation of Bangor at the head of navigation, and a point to which the busi- ness of two-thirds of Maine when settled evidently must HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 545 centre, had an influence, and soon after the opening of the century there were valuable accessions to its popula- tion. Among the new comers were Moses and Amos Patten, Abner Taylor, Luke Wilder, Allen Oilman, Fran- cis, Joseph, and James Carr, William Emerson, and Sam- uel E. Button, all men of enterprise, intelligence, and busi- ness capacity, which was almost immediately recognized, and they were in leading positions, some for a quarter of a century and some longer. They gave an impulse to the prosperity of the town, and weight to its character. The population began to centre near- the mouth of the Condeskeag. It will be seen on referring to the table of Holland's survey, that No. ii, which was the Bridge Point lot, was assigned to Robert Lapish and others, and No. 70, which was that comme'ncing a little below the Kenduskeag Bridge, and extending about a mile up on the westerly side of the stream, was assigned to William Hammond. The Dunning lot (10) adjoined 70, and embraced the westerly bank of the stream below it, and of the river to the Dennet lot (9), which embraced what is now the Central Railroad station property. The Har- low lot (68) intersected with 70 in the stream and ex- tended up on the easterly side. Upon these lots people began to make inroads. Lots were taken up for building purposes, and the "Point" was at first esteemed the most eligible locality for business.. In 1 80 1 the number of voters had increased. For Elbridge Gerry, for Governor, 23 votes were cast; for Caleb Strong, 22. At this meeting Amos Patten was elected Town Clerk for the first time. Captain Budge had for some time been under a cloud, and William Boyd had become the favorite presiding officer. The house of Elisha Crane was the place of meeting. In 1802 travel had so much increased that two taverns were found necessary to accommodate the public. Mr. Isaac Hatch, the year previous, had built a two-story frame house on Main street, which he occupied as an inn until he died. This was continued several years by his widow and his son Thomas F., and after them by Ezra Hutchins. The building was always occupied as a hotel, although in its later years it was so metamorphosed that neither Captain Hatch, his widow, nor their shrewd and shapely son, would have been able to recognize it. It bore the name of "Hatch House" for a long period, and finally, with its unpretending primitive features hidden under a showy aggregation of dry-goods shops, gothic arches, cornices, friezes, and battlements, gave up the ghost under the name of "Harriman House." Mr. Sam- uel Greenlief built a three-story frame house on New- bury street, upon the lot now owned by Colonel David Bugbee. The site was commanding, and the view em- braced the valley and river of the Penobscot for miles. It was not so convenient for visitors as Mr. Hatch's inn, /lut it was more spacious, and was for years used by the town for its meetings. After this it was abandoned as an inn for many years, and occupied by Phihp Coombs, Esq., as a private residence. At length it became again a pub- he hostelry under the style of "American House," and as such continued until it was razed a few years ago, to give place to the more elegant private mansion. 69 About this period William Crosby, who afterwards set- tled in Belfast and became one of the most prominent lawyers in Eastern Maine, and a judge, visited the re- gion, and in an interesting autobiography gave this ac- count of his visit to Bangor : — I had heard much of Maine, and was charmed with the prospects which a new country presented to me. I examined the map and fixed on Bangor as a central point which would rise to eminence. In the summer of 1801 I mounted my little horse Robin, and took the tour of Maine. On arriving at the Kennebec I visited the towns of Gardiner, Hallowell, Augusta, Norridgwock, and Waterville. From Waterville I crossed over to Hampden, i found the road from Albion to Hampden merely cross-tied and causewayed. At Hampden I put up at a Mr. Libbey's, who kept a public house there, and devoted two days to rest for myself and horse, preparatory to my visit to Bangor, the grand object of my visit. On the third day I went to Bangor, but, to my astonishment, I could see no village, now the city. I tied my horse to a bush fence, and descended the precipice just above the pres- ent Hatch House, which was then a mere frame, where I found one James Thomas. Mr. Thomas was kind enough to pull a paper out of his pocket, on which he shewed me the great to-be city of Bangor. I was so disappointed and mortified that I made up my mind to return home in the most direct way, immediately. I mounted my horse, re- turned to Hampden, dined, and started for Belfast. The first town meeting held in Mr. Greenleaf s house was on September 6, 1801, to take measures for the deposition of Rev. James Boyd. The next meeting but one after that unfortunate matter was disposed of, was held in it on April 6, 1802. The list and quality of the officers elected at this meeting would lead to the belief that the town had realized a large addition to its' popula- tion. Mr. Amos Patten was not only chosen but ele- vated from the office of Town Clerk to be the peer of Jeremiah Dudley and Robert Hickborn as Selectman; Samuel Call was made one of the Assessors; Daniel Webster and Joseph Potter, et al., were made Surveyors of Highways; Moses Patten, William Forbes, and Wil- liam Hasey, Surveyors of Wood and Bark ; Daniel Web- ster agreed to collect the taxes for six cents on the dol- lar, therefore he was made Collector, as he was the low- est bidder; Samuel E. Dutton was made Town Agent; James Thomas, Samuel E. Dutton, and Allen Oilman were chosen a committee to settle the accounts of the town. The Selectmen had been authorized to divide the town into school districts, and at this meeting reported that No. I extend from the southerly town line to the stream ; No. 2 from the stream north to David Howard's north line, "including Wm. Potter up said stream;" No. 3 from said Howard's to the north line of the town, ar..d No. 4 from William Potter's to the town line west, at Six-Mile-Falls; and it was voted that the money assessed for schools be apportioned to the districts according to the number of children four years old to sixteen, and that there be a school committee consisting of three to a dis- trict. For District i, Timothy Crosby, Daniel Campbell, and Jeremiah Dudley were appointed; for District 2, Nathan- iel Harlow, William Boyd, and Allen Oilman ; for District 3, William Hasey, Joseph Potter, and Aaron Clark; for District 4, Daniel Evans, William Forbes, Robert Hick- born, and Timothy Crosby. Nathaniel Harlow, William Hasey, Daniel Evans, and Bulkely Emerson, were made a General School Committee. 546 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. At this meeting Caleb Brooks Hall had eight votes for County Treasurer, and Simeon Fowler twenty-one. A meeting had been held at Greenleafs on the day be- fore to choose a committee to hire a " Gospel preacher," and to give in their ballots for Governor, Lieutenant- Governor, Senators, and Representatives to Congress. The committee appointed to hire the preacher were William Boyd, Aaron Patten, and Daniel Evans. The votes cast for Governor were 79, of which El- bridge Gerryhad 57, Caleb Strong 20, scattering 2; for Lieu- tenant-Governor, William Heath had 53, Edward H. Rob- bins 17; for Senators, Nathaniel Dummer had 17, David Cobb 17, Martin Kinsley 2, John Chandler 43, Nathan Weston 4S; for Representative to Congress, Martin Kins- ley 52, Nathaniel Dummer 9. Nathaniel Harlow, on the 30th, was drawn to serve as grand juror, and James Drummond on the petit jury at the Supreme Court in Castine. By the above report it will be perceived that with the aid of the new ability brought into the business of the town, it was now transacted systematically. Among the new citizens was Dr. Horatio G. Balch. He was the i!irst resident physician, "and practiced with good reputation and success until 1809,"* when he re- moved to Lubec. He afterwards was High Sheriff, and held several political positions in Washington county. The subject of a bridge across the Condeskeag Stream had occupied the attention of the citizens for several years. The population was increasing, and the com- munication between the inhabitants on both sides of the stream constant, and Crane's ferry, which was about at the foot of Water street, was inconvenient. The project of building one by means of a lottery had fallen through, and in 1802 Robert Lapish and others made a petition to the General Court to build a toll-bridge across the stream. This plan did not meet with favor. A meeting was called on May 11, and Samuel E. Dutton, Samuel Call, James Thomas, Amos Patten, and Daniel Evans were appointed a committee to draw up an answer to the petition, setting forth that the town would build the bridge, and complete it in one year and six months from that date, provided "the privilege of the tide-waters might revert to the town," and Amos Patten was chosen to present the remonstrance to the Legislature. Mr. Patten declined, and Allen Gil- man was chosen. On the petition of Robert Treat and others, another meeting was held on the 17th of July, to see if the town would raise money to build a bridge across the Condus- keag Stream, at its mouth ; if not, to see if they would consent that Robert Lapish and others would have "a toll of two cents a person, on condition that they should complete the bridge in eighteen months." This was evi- dently a device in the interest of the Lapish party, but the townspeople were too wary to be caught in this man- ner. They voted to "pass over" both the propositions. Another subject to which the citizens were required to give their attention was the balloting for a member of Congress for the First Eastern District, in place of Silas Lee, who had resigned his seat. But little interest was *McGaw's Sketch. manifested. There were three several ballotings. At the first meeting Martin Kinsley had 3 votes; Samuel Thacher, 3. At the second, Nathaniel Dummer had 1 vote; Samuel Thacher, 7 ; Martin Kinsley, 5. At the third Phineas Bruce had 8 votes ; Martin Kinsley, n. In March, 1803, the town chose Amos Patten, Town Clerk; Deacon William Boyd, Amos Patten, and Joseph Treat, Selectmen and Assessors; Samuel E. Dutton, William Boyd, William Hasey, and Robert Treat, School Committee ; and Samuel E. Dutton, Nathaniel Harlow, Horatio G. Balch, Robert Treat, and William Hasey, General School Committee. In that day the School Committee employed the teachers, wood, and conveniences for the school. The General School Committee examined the teachers in re- gard to their educational qualifications, and examined the schools. The town this year raised $400 for the support of schools, and passed over the article to raise money for the support of preaching, although those desirous of hav- ing it caused the subject to be brought before the town at two several meetings. Deacon Eliashib Adams, a gentleman of strict Puritan- ical views, who became a valuable citizen of Bangor, made this note in his journal : Soon after I came to Buckport, which was July 5, 1803, I walked to Bangor. From its being the head of navigation and safe for ships, I had no doubt it would be the most important place on the river. I should have remained here had it not been that there were no religious privileges. It was a mere Sodom, with Lot dwelling in it by the name of WilHam Boyd, afterwards one of the first deacons of the First church. I was so disgusted with the character of the place, that, for several, years when my business made it necessary to remain over night, I used to cross the river to Orrington, now Brewer, and put up at Dr. Skinner's, who and his wife were both pious and intelligent, This is pretty severe. The mass of the people were very poor, and perhaps not over-exemplary in their morals — rum being their chief dnnk — but it probably would not have been difficult to find ten righteous men in the town. It is probable that the second emphatic re- fusal of the town to raise money for preaching that year was the occasion of the harsh stricture of the^good man. Some building was contemplated this year for a town- house, for a committee was appointed "to provide and repair the town-house to meet in." Main and Water streets were laid out, the former from Andrew Morse's house, at the intersection of Main and Union streets, to where the contemplated bridge was to cross the Conduskeag, and the latter from Jeremiah Dudley's house (where the Washington buildings are) to the stream near Isaac Hatch's store. Proposals made by Lapish, French, and Stetson, in regard to build- ing the bridge, were "passed over." Respect for the dead was manifested by a vote that the fences around the burial ground should be repaired. This was at the cor- ner of Oak and Washington streets, where Egery's Iron Works are. Caleb Strong had 24 votes, and Elbridge Gerry 30, for Governor ; Edward H. Robbins 24, and James Bowdoin 27 for Lieutenant Governor; Martin Kinsley 34 v°'" for Senator; Simeon Fowler 43 votes for County Treas- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 547 urer; and Bradshaw Hall had 34 votes at one meeting and 20 at another for Register of Deeds. Some attention was this year paid to schools. It was at about this,time that school houses in Districts i and 2 were built. The former was a one-story frame building with a hip roof, and stood upon the lot of the city at the corner of Union and First streets. The money raised this year for schools by a vote of the town was to be appropriated by such districts as saw fit, to the building and repairing school-houses. District No. 2 was extended north to Penjejawock Stream, and Joseph Mansell was chosen Committee for the Third District. By a vote of the town the time of the annual meet- ings was changed from March to April, and on April 2, 1804, there was a change in some of the officers. Amos Patten appears to have withdrawn himself entirely from town business. Horatio G. Balch was elected Town Clerk. James Thomas, Daniel Campbell', and Robert Hickborn were made Selectman and Assessors; William Forbes, Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Allen Oilman, Horatio G. Balch, Superintending School Committee; Allen Oilman, Town Agent. Five hundred dollars were raised for schools, $75 for preaching, $1,600 for high- ways. Seventy-one votes were cast for Governor: for James Sullivan, 44; for Caleb Strong, 26. The meeting for the first time was held in a house belonging to the town — the school-house in the First District. This year the town made some new provisions in re- gard to school committees. The Superintending School Committee was to consist of three persons, whose duty it should be to examine teachers for the several districts at such times and seasons as they should think proper, and direct them to their districts; that they should fre- quently visit the schools and generally superintend and direct them. The District Committeeman was re- quired to hire the teachers directed to him by the Super- intending School Committee, to provide a commodious house for the school and firewood, and the teacher with convenient "boarding and lodging, etc.," and to advise with the Superintending School Committee respecting any difficulties "appertaining to the school." No one individual should be a member of both committees. Mr. Thomas Bradbury, who was honored this year by being elected to the several positions of Constable, Tythingman, and Hog-reeve, was the constable commis- sioned to notify the inhabitants of the meetings for choice of Elector, etc., in 1804, Samuel Greenleaf, who had peformed the service before, having disappeared from the list of constables. The number of voters pres- ent at the meeting for choosing Electors was forty-eight. The town voted to sell the school-house in the Second District. This year a party, consisting of William Howe, Amos • Patten, Joseph Treat, Samuel Call, William Rice, Richard Winslow, and Charles Turner, Jr., made an ex- cursion to Mt. Katahdin. They took with them two In- dians as guides, whose superstitions about the mountain created some difficulty in regard to proceeding, when they had accomplished the larger portion of the ascent. They had a tradition that no person who had ascended the mountain lived to return, and averred that some time before seven Indians had resolutely made the as- cent, but never returned, having, undoubtedly, become the victims of Pomola, the evil spirit who ruled there. The guides refused to proceed, but when they found that the party was determined to go on without them, they became courageous and made an effort to be the first on the summit. The party was impressed with the extensive and mag- nificent views from this isolated mountain, which is nearly six thousand feet in altitude. They counted sixty- three lakes of different dimensions, which discharge their waters by the Penobscot. Mt. Desert was distinctly in view and the highlands extending westerly from the Bay of Chaleur, which were then the boundary between the northeast territory of the United States and the British possessions, but which since, by unfortunate diplomacy, have been, together with a breadth of nearly seventy miles of good Maine territory, surrendered to Great Britain. Their view was from the highest point towards the east end, and "was enchanting." Upon the top of the moun- tain they found a plain nearly a mile and a half in length. After feasting themselves with a survey of the greater portion of Maine for several hours, they deposited a sheet of lead, with the initials of their names cut upon it, and a bottle of rum corked and leaded, upon the highest part of the mountain, and commenced their de- scent. Whether the precious deposits have since been discovered is not known to the public. It would be strange, however, if some old bacchanalian, in a stringent period of the Maine law, had not made a successful effort to discover them. CHAPTER VI. Subject of Bridge Over the Kenduskeag Agitated — Town Officers in 1805 and Appropriations — Fisliifig Privileges — Alexander Savage — Town Clerk — Officers and Appropriations in 1806 — Schools — First Report of School Committee — Vote for Governor — Horatio G. Balch Chosen Representative to General Court — Project for Bridge at Crane's Ferry — Remonstrance — 1807 — Bridge Question Concluded, and Proposals Received for Building are Accepted — School-house in Second District — Town Meeting There — Bridge at Meadow Brook — Vote to have Town Meetings in March — Votes for Governor — Vote to Make Maine a State— Breakwater — Embargo Effect in Bangor — Toll Bridge Over Kenduskeag River Completed in 1808 — Rev. John Sawyer — His "Work — His Treatment by the People — Second District School-house — Deacon Boyd's Claim — Movement for New Burial- ground — Proposition to Suspend Embargo — Black Death — William D. 'Williamson as Town Clerk — Arrival of Joseph Leavitt — His Notes on Bangor — His Contracts for Building a Ship. 1805 to 181 1. The first business of the town in 1805 was to consider the subject of a bridge across the "Con- duskeeg" Stream. At a meeting in the school-house in 548 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the First District, on February 7th, Samuel E. Dutton, Samuel W. Hayes, Amos Patten, John Weeks, and Luke Wilder were appointed a committee to receive "com- munications from Mr. Little upon the subject of erecting a bridge/' to draw a plan, make an estimate, and "devise the best scheme or schemes," and report at the next an- nual meeting. At that meeting the subject was post- poned until the 22d April; then to the 12th September, when the town assembled and "voted to dissolve the meeting." At the town meeting, April ist, Horatio G. Balch was again elected Town Clerk; William Forbes, Treasurer: Moses Patten, Timothy Crosby, Luke Wilder, Selectmen and Assessors; Samuel E. Dutton, Allen Oilman, H. G. Balch, Superintending School Committee; and Allen Oilman, Town Agent. Appropriations were made : For Schools, $500 ; for "the support of the Gospel," $100 ; for highways, $1,400; and this vote extraordinary was passed : "Voted, the tlianks of this town to Mr. John Minot and Joseph Cleavland for their faithful and extra- ordinary services as schoolmasters for the past year." Allen Oilman, Samuel Call, and Amos Patten were appointed a committee to ascertain if the town had the right to use the fishing privileges in town, or receive the profits of them. Middle and Fore streets were accepted. James Thomas received thirty-three votes, and Robert Treat six, for Representative to the General Court. The closing business of the year related to the bridge across "Conduskeag" Stream. On the 21st of Decem- ber the town voted not to build a free bridge, but to petition the General Court for liberty to build a toll bridge the ensuing year. Alexander Savage had now become a resident of Ban- gor, and being a better penman than those who had be- fore kept the records, the town selected him for Town Clerk at the annual meeting in 1806, and retained him in that capacity for two years. Moses Patten, Nathaniel Harlow, and Timothy Crosby were Selectmen and As- sessors; Samuel E. Dutton, Treasurer; Allen Oilman, Town Agent: and Samuel Call, Samuel E. Dutton; and Samuel Call, Samuel E. Dutton, and Jacob McGaw, Superintending School Committee for i8o6. The town appropriated this year $600 for schools, $150 for preaching, and $1,600 for highways, and voted to build two pounds. The interest in the schools was increasing, and the Superintending School Committee of the last year made some propositions to the town for their improvement among others, that the Superintending School Committee should visit the schools immediately after their com- mencement and immediately before their close, and en- deavor to form the best possible opinion of their prog- ress in literature, and report the same and such other thmgs as they should deem necessary, that the town might "know to what advantage the money raised for the support of schools is disposed of;" that they should ex- amine teachers and recommend to the district commit- tees in writing those suitably qualified, and dismiss teachers who did not properly perform their duties as instructors, and have charge of all school concerns of the first and second districts; that there should be a com- mittee for each of the third, fourth, and fifth districts, who, among other things, should notify the Superintend- ing School Committee seasonably when the schools com- menced and when they were to close. The propositions were adopted and regulations accord- ing with them were established. The committee for the first time made a report, by which it appeared that Mr. Sumner taught the school in the first district, but owing to want of information when it was to close, they could form no opinion in regard. to its progress. The case was the same in the second dis- trict when under Mr. Minot, but after Mr. Foster took the school in the winter, they visited it at its commence- ment and at its close, and were "happy to state that dur- ing its six weeks' tuition under Mr. Foster, the scholars made handsome progress; particularly in writing." They further reported that in the third district there had been no school during the year except for a very short time; that in the fourth district the inhabitants had saved their money for a school-house and had only a private school, and that they had not understood that any attention had been paid to schools in the fifth district during the year. [This district was probably on the west side of the stream and north of the first district]. The votes this year were for James Sullivan for Gov- ernor, 65; Caleb Strong, 27; William Heath, i. At least 103 votes were cast in town meeting, showing that the population exceeded 500. The inhabitants were exercised upon the subject of pounds. There had been two, but they were not equal to the needs of the town in location or quality; therefore they wisely determined to have two that would be, and appointed a committee upon the subject, who, at an adjourned meeting, reported one on the southerly side of . the Condeskeag Stream, easterly side of the bridge over the brook, below the corner of Main and Emerson streets [running under Eastern Railroad Station]; and one on the north side of the Condeskeag Stream, four feet from the easterly side of the Howard Brook on the north side of the road. The report was accepted, and $i6o appropriated for building the pounds. Horatio Gates Balch was chosen Representative to the General Court. The question of the bridge was again sprung upon the town by a notice that John Barker and others had peti- tioned the General Court for liberty to build one at Crane's Ferry, which was not far from the foot of Water street. James Thomas, Nathaniel Harlow, and William Hammond were appointed to draw up a remonstrance against the petition, and the Representative to the Gen- eral Court was instructed to advocate the petition of the town for leave to build a bridge across Conduskeag River at the county road (Main street). At an adjourned meeting on May 15th the remon- strance was presented to the town atid approved. It set forth "that the Conduskeag River, so called, empties into the river Penobscot, the confluence of which forms the harbor of Bangor; that from the mouth of said harbor, seventy-five rods or thereabouts, up said Conduskeag, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 549 holding and continuing the width from the mouth of said river of from eight hundred to four hundred and fifty feet, with the depth of water in said river of from twenty- four to sixteen feet, and is sufficiently navigable for ves- sels of any burthen ; " . . " that on each side of said Conduskeag River there are a number of wharves, stores, and ware-houses, handsomely situated, with many lots and privileges, regularly laid out, on the banks of the river, where much business is done, and much more may be done if our navigable waters are not obstructed;" . . "that Crane's Ferry crosses at the mouth of said Condnskeag River (the place prayed for by the said John Barker and others) ; that a bridge extended across the Conduskeag River agreeably to the prayer of their peti- tion would not only materially injure and sacrifice the -property of individuals by abridging their rights and priv- ileges, but would destroy the harbor of Bangor without benefiting the public good." The people were now fully awake upon the subject, and on March i6, 1807, appointed a committee, consist- ing of Luke Wilder, Joseph Treat, Andrew Morse, Wil- liam Boyd, and Horatio G. Balch, to make a plan and es- timate of the cost of the bridge, and to "devise the most proper means to raise" the same. At a meeting on the 23d, Jeremiah Dudley, Joseph Treat, Luke Wilder, James Thomas, and Allen Oilman, were appointed a committee to receive proposals for erecting a bridge. On the 30th the committee reported a proposition, signed by Moses and A. Patten, Perkins & Parker, Joseph Whipple, Ebenezer Webster, Isaac Hatch, Samuel E. Button, and Jacob McGaw, that, with others, they would be incorporated at the next session of the Legislature, with the privilege of a toll for twenty years, to build a handsome bridge across the " Kendus- keag,"* this season, thirty-two feet in width, with side- walks, and they would enter into a contract with the town to relinquish the toll to the inhabitants, if the town would pay them annually, for the first five years, $200; for the second five years, $250 annually; for the 'third, $400 annually; and for the fourth five years, $600 per year, and at the expiration of twenty years convey and deliver the bridge to the town in good repair; but the contractors were to have toll in the meantime frorn persons not taxed in the town. The proposition was ac- cepted, and Jacob McGaw, Jaraes Thomas, and Allen Gilman, were appointed a committee to draft a petition to the' Legislature to " transfer the right of the town to a toU, and for a further time of ten years." The contract was completed, April 13. , Thomas Bnadbury, who it will be recollected was in 1803 elected constable, tythingman, and hog-reeve, was this year raised to the important position of Town Clerk, vice Savage, His handwriting was not so good as Mr. Savage's, but he evidently took pains to make it read- *able.,, ' A new school-house had been built in the second dis- trjct of a somewhat pretentious appearance. It had a tower; belfry, and bell. It stood on the lot of the city yherethe brick house now stands, at the corner of State * Spelled so for the first time. and Pine streets. Its tower projected from the end on the street all the way from the foundation. All about it • was an open field, but at a little distance from the north- erly corner was a fine grove of white oaks. Like the school-house in the first district, it never experienced the adornment of paint. In this house, in 1807, the annual town meeting was held. Horatio G. Balch, Andrew Morse, and David W. Haynes were elected Selectmen; William Forbes, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; Jacob McGaw, Samuel E. Dutton, Horatio G. Balch, Superintending School Committee; and Thomas Brad- bury, Tythingman. For schools $600 were appropriated; for the ministry $300; and $1,400 for highways. A bridge had been built over Meadow Brook on Harlow street, and John Weeks was allowed this year $18 for his services upon it in 1805. Mr. Weeks built and lived in a little cottage on the hill north of the brook. The town voted that their annual meeting for the election of town officers should be held in March in future; also that the Selectmen should petition the Legis- lature to incorporate the Bridge Company. James Sullivan had 80 votes for Governor; Caleb Strong 26; Levi Lincoln had 80 votes for Lieutenant Governor, Edward Robbins 26; George Ulmer and Wil- liam King had 80 votes for Senators, Samuel Thatcher and John Crosby 26. The town voted 68 to 19 in favor of a separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts, in order to be- ing created into a State. Caleb Strong, Federalist, was elected Governor in 1806, though Lieutenant Governor Heath and both Houses of the Legislature were of opposite politics. It was by this Legislature that Orono was incorporated, embracing Marsh Island within its limits. It was settled originally by Jeremiah Colburn, Joshua Eayres, and John Marsh. Eayres and Colburn came first and settled southerly of the Island; Marsh settled upon the Island and it was named for him. That part of it which was connected with Condeskeag at first, was called Dead- water. Afterward one Owen Madden, who had been with Burgoyne's army, and stationed at Stillwater, New York, suggested that Stillwater would be a more agreeable name than Deadwater, and it was adopted. He was an ambulatory schoolmaster between Stillwater and Condus- keag, but he had army habitSj like Parson Noble, and his brain was often obfuscated. His education and disposi- tion, however, were both good. The religious people were not indifferent to the relig- ious needs of Bangor. The appropriation of $300 for preaching is evidence that their influence was increasing. They even procured a vote appointing a committee, con- sisting of William Boyd, Samuel E. Dutton, and Luke Wilder, to get information in regard to the most advan- tageous plan for a meeting-house, and receive proposals for erecting such a house, and to report at a future meet- ing. The town reconsidered the vote by which they gave to the Superintending School Committee greater power over the first district than they had over the third, fourth, and fifth districts. 5S<^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. The votes for County Treasurer were: For Martin Kinsley, 40; Eben Floyd, 28. For Representative to the Legislature, James Thomas had 44 votes; Luke Wilder, 10. The contractors for building the bridge proposed to the town to exchange the contract with them, as individuals, for one with the President and Directors of the Bangor Bridge Company, incorporated; and to extend the time for completing the bridge until the last of September, 1808. The propositions were not acceded to. The con- tract required its completion by the ist of May, 1808. On December 30 the town met for the purpose of con- sidering propositions for the removal of the courts from Castine to Buckstown, and for petitioning the Legislature for a division of the county of Hancock. The Select- men were instructed to remonstrate against the removal of the Courts. The county project was not acted on. War existed in Europe. Bonaparte's Berlin and Milan decrees were promulgated — the first in November, de- claring the British Islands in a state of blockade; the last, on December 17, declaring that any ship which should be found on a voyage to the British dominions, or should pay that Government a tax or duty, or submit to be searched by the English, could be lawfully seized. These decrees were followed by the retaliatory Orders in Council of the British of January 7 and November 1 1, 1807, interdicting the trade of all neutrals not in amity with Great Britain, and by the direction of the King of Great Britain that subjects born in his dominions should be seized, in whatever foreign service they might be found. American commerce suffered from these orders and decrees. American vessels in the carrying trade were seized; they were also brought to by British men-of-war and boarded, and not only Englishmen, but Americans, were impressed, under the pretense that they were Eng- lish. With the remembrance of the wrongs the Americans had suffered from the British fresh in their minds, and with that natural sensitiveness that weaker nations pos- sess at any seeming manifestation of supremacy over them by a more powerful nation, it was not difficult to revive their ancient feelings of hostility. The taking of one white man and four black men by the British frigate Leopard from the American Chesapeake, a weaker vessel, and the hanging of the white and forcing the blacks into the British navy, although there was no question that they were Americans, aroused the whole country. President Jefferson ordered British ships to leave American waters, and demanded reparation. The British Government disavowed the act, recalled Admiral Berkeley, under whose orders it was committed, and offered to restore the black sailors, and a pecuniary satisfaction to the families of the killed and to the wounded of the Chesapeake, on condition that the President would revoke his proclama- tion closing American ports to British ships. This he refused to do. But the British Government would not abandon the right of search and impressment on board private ships. On December 18, 1807, Mr. Jefferson sent a message to both Houses of Congress, recommend- ing the first measure of the "Restrictive System," "an in- hibition of the departure of our vessels from the ports of the United States." The Federalists opposed it, and John Quincy Adams, who had before acted with them, joined the Democrats and voted for the Embargo, which became a law in four days after its recommendation. This was felt to be a great calamity by the commercial men of Massachusetts.* The people of Bangor, however, were not so much in- terested in navigation as to condemn Mr. Jefferson for proposing the measure, as they deemed it retaliatory on the British nation and would operate to its injury and to our benefit; therefore their vote for James Sullivan, the Democratic candidate for Governor, continued to increase. Whether their perseverance was to receive no check, re- mains to be disclosed. The year 1808 was an era in the history of Bangor, for the two sides of the stream then became untied by a connection that has never yet been broken, and which will continue as long as there is a living people within its limits, viz., the bridge. A meeting was held on January 14 to act upon a re- quest to pay Rev. John Sawyer for his ministerial labors, and to see if the town would agree upon the appropria- tion of the money raised for the support of the Gospel which was not yet expended. They voted to give Mr. Sawyer four dollars a day for the days he had preached, then reconsidered the vote and voted to give him "fifty dollars for his attention on funeral occasions in said town ; " then voted to suspend the appropriation of the money unexpended until the next annual meeting, and refused to raise a committee to secure preaching while the funds were sufficient. Mr. Sawyer came to Bangor about 1807. He was born in Hebron, Connecticut, October 9, 1755, therefore was over fifty years of age when he came. He was a volun- teer in the American army in 1777, and was at Saratoga at the surrender of Burgoyne. He afterwards gave his attention to study and was graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1786, having entered in 1781. He studied the- ology and was ordained to preach in Oxford in 1787. After nine years he accepted a call to preach in Booth- bay. There he remained ten years, when he was dis- missed by his own request, and removed to Newcastle. From this time his work commenced as a missionary, and believing that he could accomplish something among the people of Penobscot, he pitched his tent in Bangor. There was need of his services. He said that when he came here there was but orie man who gave him evidence of being a true Christian. This was, probably. Deacon Boyd. Besides preaching Mr. Sawyer taught school, by which he eked out a livelihood. He was promised two hundred dollars, probably by leading men, under the belief that the town would give him two hundred of the three hun- dred dollars that had been voted. But the town refused to give him more than fifty dollars, and that only for his services at funerals — emphatically nothing for preaching. Dr. Shepard says: "It is said that those in power * Life of Josiah Quincy, 121. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 551 about this time, or some of them, though not learned, yet affected literary reputation, and attempted to reach it by using some large words, declaring on one occasion, after an examination, that they had perambulated the school-master and found him qualified." Mr. Sawyer was a great preacher of the doctrines, and was not interesting to the " unregenerate, " of whom evi- dently the community was mainly composed. Besides, he was extremely prolix. Captain Hart, a relic of the Revolution, used to say of him : "Mr. Sawyer is a good man and a strong preacher, but he has a little too much of 'once more, my brethren; twentiethly, once more, my brethren; and again; H-m-m." Mr. Sawyer remained in Bangor about six years, in which period occurred that terrible epidemic called the "black death." It was so fatal that he officiated at a hundred funerals in the course of a year. He removed to Garland, where he made his home. He was devoted to his work ; made frequent and long journeys on horse- back to minister to the religious needs of the people. He was largely instrumental in establishing the Theo- logical Seminary, which has flourished for more than half a century in Bangor. He accomplished much good. It is said that in the old town meeting-house in Brewer he received sixty persons into the church and baptized thirty children in one day. He lived to the age of one hundred and three, maintaining his mental faculties nearly to his death. On his hundredth birthday he de- livered a discourse to a large assembly in the Central Congregational church in Bangor. He was quite vigor- ous. His voice was strong, his delivery clear, and his discourse very well connected. His death occured on October 14, 1858. The annual meeting in 1808 occurred on March 14. It was held in the school-house in the second district. Mr. Bradbury was again elected Town Clerk; Andrew Morse, David W. Haynes, and James Carr, Selectmen; the same Selectmen were constituted Superintending School Committee; William Forbes, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent. Dr. Hosea Rich, who had made his residence here since 1806, was made one of the Health Officers. Among the appropriations were $650 for schools ; $200 for preaching; $400 for town charges. William Boyd, Jonathan Plummer, and Joseph Carr were appointed to expend the money for preaching. A committee was appointed to purchase land for a burial ground, and the Selectmeti were recommended to purchase a pall. Jeremiah Dudley, Moses Patten, and Jacob McGaw were made a committee on accounts, and to them was referred a claim of Deacon Boyd for services and ex- penditures in the recovery of one John Horton, who, when Mr. Boyd was Selectman in 1798, was left upon his hands by the master of a vessel who brought him into port as a passenger from Boston, sick of yellow fever. Deacon Boyd took Horton's note for his indebt- edness, but as he could not collect it, he called upon the town for reimbursement. The committee reported that from the manner in which the business had been done, the town had no remedy against the town where Horton had his legal settlement, therefore should not pay any- thing of Mr. Boyd's claim. They, however, recom- mended that the town make a present of $15 to Mr. Boyd "as a testimony of the estimation with which we behold every charitable act by a citizen of said town towards a stranger in distress." The report was ac- cepted and $15 voted to Deacon Boyd. This is the first sum voted by Bangor for a purpose not authorized by law. Messrs. Amasa Stetson, Zadock French, and Robert Lapish proposed to give the town a piece of land near the school-house to be kept forever for a market- place, and Jacob McGaw, John Balch, and James Carr were made a -committee to confer with them in relation thereto. At the gubernatorial meeting, April 4, the vote for James Sullivan, for Governor, was 92, for Christopher Gore 35; for Levi Lincoln, for Lieutenant-Governor, 91, for David Cobb 37; for William King, for Senator, 90, and Francis Carr 96, for William Vinall 5, for Samuel Thatcher and Theodore Lincoln, each 36. At an adjourned meeting the Committee on the Burial Ground reported that they had examined two pieces of ground, one belonging to Captain Hatch on the west side of the stream, and a piece belonging to Messrs. Stetson and Lapish on the east side; that the piece of Captain Hatch contained one and three-quarters acres, and could be had for $200; the piece owned by Messrs. Stetson and Lapish was on a gravelly swell of ground on the new road made through the lots about half a mile from the Point, but the owners were absent and they could not consult them. That on the west, side was a gravelly hill^ or rather bluff, extending from where the court-house now is to where the Savary House stands. The highest point of this bluff was about easterly from the Savary House over where Court street is. It was a beautiful spot, and no one at that time dreamed that in thirty or forty years its contents would have been spread over the streets, and that far below its summit would pass one of the most used thoroughfares of a city. The committee proposed that action be deferred until more could be learned respecting the lot on the east side of the stream. The town accepted a street between the end of Wash- ington street and what is now Hancock street, at Boyd's Eddy; " approbated " a petition of individuals to the Legislature to be incorporated for the purpose of build- ing a meeting-house; accepted Broad street from the Kenduskeag Bridge to Water street; Hammond street from the Bridge to Ohio street; Independent street, and the road near John Weeks's, crossing land of Widow Smart. This was near " Morse's Hill." The report of a committee, consisting of James Carr, Allen Oilman, and Andrew Morse, to settle with the Bridge Company, was accepted, and the taxed inhabitants of the town, with every member of their family and per- son in their employ — a certificate of the fact having been left with the toll-gatherer two days before availing them- selves of the right— were to pass free of toll for twenty years from November i, 1808, also all horses, carriages, teams in the employ, and all cows, oxen, sheep, and 552 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. swine, the property of said inhabitants. The bridge, thirty-two feet in width, with sidewalks four feet in width, was to be maintained by the corporation during twenty years, and then surrendered fully to the town, they hav- ing paid annually agreeably to the contract proposed on March 30, and completed on April 13, 1807. The effects of the embargo had now been for some time experienced in the depression of the market for lumber and fish, which were the chief exports of Bangor. " Busi- ness of every kind was in a ruinous condition. Dwelling houses were so far advanced as to supply shelter to families in most cases, but remained in such an un- finished state as to indicate the poverty or great embar- rassment of their owners."* Mechanics could find employment barely sufficient for support, and traders found it difficult to maintain their standing with Boston merchants, and habits of extreme economy were adopted. The opponents of the administration took advantage of this state of affairs to inflame the people against it. A meeting was held October 10, called by the "request of a number of inhabitants," to see if the inhabitants would petition the President to suspend the embargo acts, so far as by law authorized, and to " take the opinion of the inhabitants on such other matters in relation to the safety and support of our Federal Republican Govern- ment " as might be brought before the town. The record of the proceedings of that meeting is very concise. With the exception of the first, under which Major John Balch was made moderator. Every article in the warrant was dismissed. This year James Thomas had sixty votes for Repre- sentative to the Legislature, and Luke- Wilder twenty- one. Barzillai Gannett had fifty-four votes for Repre- sentative to Congress, and Thomas Rice thirty-four. In addition to the depression in business and dis- couragement necessarily occasioned by governmental ac- tion for the purpose of compelling the more respectful regard of the British, was the epidemic before mentioned, which continued from the year 1808 to 1810, and was so fatal that in Hampden, from one point, were counted eighteen houses, in each of which was the dead body of at least one of its victims.! It was doubtless in one of these years that Rev. Mr. Sawyer attended one hundred funerals. Notwithstanding all these calamities, the people com- menced the municipal year 1809 by dismissing the con- sideration of the proposition to raise money for the "sup- port of the Gospel," and contenting themselves with rais- mg $650 for schools; $1,000 for roads; $400 for town charges ; and $400 for the bridge. Thomas Bradbury disappears as Town Clerk, and Samuel W. Hayes is elected ; Andrew Morse, Asa Davis, and Jonathan Plummer are made Selectmen; James Carr, Abner Taylor, and William Forbes, Assessors; Joseph Carr, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; and Jacob McGaw, Samuel E. Button and William D. Williamson, Superintending School Committee. *McGaw's Sketch. fBangor Centennial, 46. The action of the General Government had begun to have its influence upon the politics of the State in 1808 and upon the politics of Bangor in 1809; Governor Sullivan's majority was reduced in 1808. In 1809 Christopher Gore, the Federal candidate, was elected over Levi Lincoln by a majority of 2,788 votes, and David Cobb was elected Lieutenant-Governor over Jos- eph B. Varnum. The vote of Bangor for Lincoln was 80, six less than the Democratic vote of 1808, and the vote for Gore was 55, twenty more than in the year before. Francis Carr and William King each had 87 votes for Senator; Theodore Lincoln & Mark L. Hill, each 51'; Ephraim Goodale had 56 votes for County Treasurer; Ebenezer Floyd, 44. The votes for Representative to the Legislature were: for James Carr, 70; Joseph Treat, 40; Charles Ham- mond, I. In 1810 the town exchanged Mr. Sarhuel W. Hayes, (whose method of keeping records would not at all com- pare with that of his grandson, who was elected City Clerk of Bangor in 1871), for Thomas Bradbury again. The Selectmen this year were Moses Patten, Joseph Carr, and James Drummond; Assessors, James Carr, William Forbes, Moses Giddings; Treasurer, William D. Wil- liamson; Moses Patten, Joseph Carr, and James Drum- mond, Superintending School Committee; and seventeen of the most respectable men in the town. Hog-reeves for the amusement of the wags; $100 were raised to defray town charges; $800 for schools; nothing for the "sup- port of the Gospel ;" $200 for the Bridge Company; $1,000 for highways. The erection of a hay-scale was provided for; a communication from the town of Milton, relating to the kine-pock, was referred to a committee consisting of Jacob McGaw, James Carr, and William D. Williamson, who had been appointed to draft a by-law for the future regulation of the Health Committee; and voted to accept any lands which might be offered for public use. William D. Williamson now appears as "T. Clerk pro tempore." How he was appointed, the records do not show, but his hand-writing, though not so elegant as Mr. Savage's, is bold and vigorous, and his records are clear and intelligible. His first record is that of a wat- rant directed to John Ham, constable, requiring him to' warn the "male inhabitants" having an annual income of three pounds or any estate of the value of sixty pounds, to give in their votes for Governor, Lieutenant Gov- ernor, Senators, and "Counsellors," on April 2, at the school-house, second district. At this meeting Elbridge Gerry had 82 votes and Christopher Gore 58 votes for Governor; William Gray, 84 votes for Lieutenant Governor, and David Cobb, 57- The number of votes for the other officers was nearly the same. For County Treasurer, Ephraim Goodale had 43 votes; Bradshaw Hall, 37; Benjamin Poor, 7. At a meeting on May 1 2, Mr. Bradbury, the Town Clerk, being still absent William D. Williamson was made and sworn Town Clerk pro iem. For Representative to the General Court James Carr had 59 votes, Robert Parker, 30, and Moses Patten, i. Carr was elected. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 553 A road laid out by Messrs. Patten and Le Gro, from Hammond street to the west line of the town, "in a direc- tion for Miller's Mills, in. Hampden," and certain roads and streets laid out by Amasa Stetson and others, were accepted. • The Representative in Congress this year, Barzillai Gannett, had 24 votes; Thomas Rice 19. The meet- ing was held Nov. 5. This year Joseph Leavitt, Esq., with his wife, removed from Lee, New Hampshire, to Bangor. He came by land, by way of Augusta. He found the road generally good, with the exception of about thirty miles, from Unity lo Bangor. Twenty miles of road was "intolerably bad. Over ten miles his wife rode on a hired horse, while with the help of a man he hired he got his own horse and chaise over it. He arrived on the 8th of October. We have his description and views of the town at that time in the following extract from his journal : . Bangor is a pleasantly situated town at the westerly side and at the head of the tide of the great Penobscot River, at the confluence of the Kenduskeag Stream. The principal settlements which are now made are about equally divided by the stream, the whole containing about two hundred families. The trading and mercantile interests consist of about twenty traders, with small stocks, and, I believe, with small capitals. Little or no nav- gation is now owned, although several vessels the present season have been built, to wit: a brig by John Barker, and a brig by Perkins & Parker of about two hundred tons. The Carrs own, and have sent out to Europe, a schooner of about eighty or ninety tons, with timber. Anotiier company of eight have purchased and loaded a ship of about two hundred tons and sent her to Liverpool. But a part of the com- pany live in Bangor. . Marshall owns a small sloop of about thirty tons. The above-named, I believe, comprise all the mercantile interest here. No meeting-house, several- school-hoirses, several tolerable houses, partly finished. On the whole, the place has the appearance of but little wealth. The inhabitants generally complain of the effects of the late embargo law, and the other restrictions on our general commerce, and attribute the slow improvement to that cause. It may be just, but I am of the opinion that there are other causes-— say idleness, stupor, drinking, and some extravagance, etc. 'The country around is new. But few settlers, very poor, want credit; obtain it, and goes directly to their ruin; never pay till sued, then their stock, if any they have, is taken; otherwise their land goes, and they go to'jail. However, there are some few likely, industrious men, lately moved into the back settlements, do well, and will soon be wealthy farmers. They report generally favorably of the interior. At this time lumber is the staple; some fish. Mr. Leavitt immediately went into trade with James Bartlett, with whom he had previously been in company in Portland. Trade not being found profitable there, they removed their stock to Bangor in September, and Mr. Lea- vitt nnade it up to $7,000. In November he completed a contract with "Lieuetenant Daniel Webster of Bangor, and tenant Ebenezer Webster of Orono (two brothers), for a ship, burthen 250 tons, to be got off the rst day of Octo- ber, t8ii." On November 22 anew single-deck brig of the Pattens & Taylor, sailed for Liverpool. CHAPTER VII. Unpropitious Opening of the Year i8ir— Religious Freedom — Law- Preaching — Rev. Harvey Loumis— Organization of First Congre- gational Church — Ordination of Mr. Loorais — Effect on the Town Effect of the Non-intercourse Act in Bangor — Penobscot County Contemplated— Cold Opening of the Year ,1812 — Town Election Twenty-seven Hog-reeves — Fish Street — Mr. Leavitt's Trade with James Penniman — Embargo April 4, 1814- Pushaw Road— Efforts to Provide a Place of Public Worship— Court-House Projected — Vote to Petition Legislature for a New County — Singular Proposition- Mr. Leavitt's Experience with Shipping. 1811-1812-1813. The year 1811 opened unpropi- tiously for Bangor. The restrictions on commerce con- tinued. Business continued dull, and, says Mr. Leavitt's journal, "a very extraordinary time for bread, corn, etc. All provisions scarce." The administration of Massachusetts was Democratic in 1810 and 1811. Elbridge Gerry was Governor and William Gray Lieutenant-Governor. Several important acts were passed, such as the "Religious Freedom" law, by which when a town issued money for religious pur- poses, every individual might have that portion assessed to him applied towards supporting a minister of his own denomination. Circuit Courts of Common Pleas were established. There were three Circuits in Maine; the Third embraced the eastern counties, Hancock and Washington ; and William Crosby, of Belfast, Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, and William Campbell, of Har- rington, were appointed the Judges in this Circuit. At the annual meeting Mr. Bradbury was agam elected Town Clerk; Joseph Carr, James Drummond, Edward Sargent, were elected Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor. This is the first year in which any action appears by the records to have been taken in relation to the poor. William D. Williamson was made Treasurer and Town Agent. Jacob McGaw, Joseph Carr, and .William D. Williamson, Superintending School Committee. The sum raised for town charges was $400; for schools, $600; for highways, $1,300, and $200 for the Bridge Company. The votes for Governor were for Elbridge Gerry 71, Christopher Gore 43 ; for Lieutenant-Governor, William Gray had 72, William Phillips 44; Joseph Carr had 48 votes for Representative to the Legislature, and was elected; Robert Parker had 37. Notwithstanding the niggardliness of the town in re- gard to paying for preaching, they were occasionally favored with it. Sometimes a Congregationalist, some- times a Methodist, and sometimes a Baptist would oc- cupy the desk of the school-house, and the attention of the people was directed to the consideration of religious concerns. On Sunday, January 6th, Rev. Mr. May, Congregationalist, preached; on the 27th, Rev. Mr. Mudge, Methodist; on February 3, Rev. Mr. Sawyer, Congregationalist; on the loth Rev. Mr. Merrill, Baptist; March 3, 17, 31, April 7, and July 29, Rev. Mr. Oli-' phant, Methodist. Mr. Leavitt says: Sunday,. 1 1 [August]. A Mr. Loomis preached. A young man. A good preacher. A candidate for settlement. A Congregationalist and Calvinist also. Old Elder Snow, of Thomaston, preached a lecture; he holds the Savior died for a part, not for the whole. 554 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Rev. Professor Shepard gives this account of Mr. Loomis's advent into Bangor: Father Sewall had an appointment to preach in Bangor on a certain Sabbath in , 1811. But he could not come, and falling in with Mr. Loomis, who had just preached a Sabbath or two in , engaged him to come. He came, making his first introduction Satur- day eve to Mr. Crosby's family, of Haitipden. Sunday morning he presented himself to the assembled congregation in Bangor— greatly to the disappointment of the people. A stranger, a young man, in the place of him they loved to hear ! But they thought better of it at the close. Mr. Snow, a shipwright and a Methodist professor, rose in his place and said, Amen to the doctrine — and all the people said, Amen to the man. They cared little for the doctrine, but they were struck with the man. He was fine-looking— had a sweet voice — was a taking speaker — to crown all, he evidently was an agreeable man, and every heart and voice said, "he is the one for our minister." They settled him, and he was a wonderful fit. He preached several Sundays in August, September and October, and on October 19 the town assembled and appointed Joseph Carr, John Barker, and Moses Patten a committee to wait upon Rev. Mr. Loomis, and make these propositions: — That the town would give him $600 a year for the first two years of his ministry; $700 a year for the next two years; and $800 a year during the residue of his ministry; that the term of his ministry should not expire until two-thirds of the male members of his society should wish the connection dissolved, and that they would then give him six months' salary. Mr. Loomis wished for time to consider the matter and to consult his friends. Thought the salary offered " gener- ous considering the present situation of the town," though he should expect, in case his "situation required it, and the prosperous condition of the town permitted it, some eight or ten years hence, to receive additional salary." On November 23, the comrnittee reported Mr. Loomis's answer accepting the call. Whereupon the town appointed Samuel E. Button, Jacob McGaw, and William D. Williamson a committee to execute an agree- ment with Mr. Loomis and to provide for his ordination. The agreement was made on the basis of the proposition first made to the gentleman, and was executed on the 20th of November, 181 1. On the same day an eccle- siastical council convened for the purpose of establishing a church and ordaining Mr. Harvey Loomis as their pas- tor. There were present, from the church in Belfast, Deacon Goddard and Mr. Benjamin Poor. From the church in Bluehill, Rev. Mr. Fisher. From the church in Cas- tine, Rev. Mr. Mason. From the church in Buckstown, Rev. Mr. Blood and Mr. Enoch Page. From the church in Penobscot, Rev. Mr. Spaulding and Mr. Samuel Was- son. Mr. Blood was chosen scribe, and Rev. Mr. Johnson, of Belfast, Moderator, who opened the council with prayer. Rev. Mr. Sawyer was invited to assist in the council. Upon a platform there adopted, Deacon William Boyd, Stephen S. Crosby, and Wilham D. Williamson were re- ceived and acknowledged as the Church of Bangor. The council being satisfied with the call, credentials and examination of the candidate, voted to proceed with his ordination on the morrow. The ordination took place accordingly. Rev. Mr. Fisher made the introduc- tory prayer. Rev. Mr. Gillett, of Hallowell, preached the sermon. Rev. Mr. Sawyer made the consecrating prayer. Rev. Mr. Johnson gave the charge; Rev. Mr. Blood gave the right hand of felowship. Rev. Mr. Mason made the concluding prayer. Mr. Leavitt says; "The whole was conducted with much decorum. The text was from Jeremiah, 61, 2: 'To proclaim the ac- ceptable year of the Lord.' The discourse was exultant." Prior to the settlement of Mr. Loomis, the Sabbath was little observed. The streets were thronged with idlers, whose disregard of the day was shameful. This was gradually changed after the establishment of regular meetings, and the town became as well ordered on that day as any New England town. The non-intercourse act of Mr. Jefferson's administra- tion went into effect on the 2d of March of this year. It was designed to operate against England. The Berlin and Milan decrees had been revoked by the French Em- jieror, and the American restrictive measures ceased to operate against France nearly simultaneously with that revocation November i, 18 10, Great Britain, however, had not repealed the obnoxious Orders in Council, hence the enforcement of the non-intercourse act. But there were many attempts to evade it. A vessel from Martin- ique with a cargo of molasses was seized at Bangor in March. Several other vessels had been seized in the river, but bonded. Mr. Leavitt's ship, built by the Websters, was launched on the r2th of October. It was the first ship ever built ■ in Bangor. It measured 264 tons. On December 19, the town chose Jeremiah Dudley, Robert Parker, and Thomas Bradbury a committee to endeavor to procure a division of the county of Han- cock, and to communicate with the towns within the lines of the contemplated county, in which Bangor was, to aid in procuring the division and to petition the next Legislature for it. This was the beginning of the meas- ures which ultimately secured the establishment of Pe- nobscot county, with Bangor for its shire town. The year 181 2 opened with severely cold weather. The month of February was remarkable for cpld and snow; it was said to have been the coldest Febiuary ever known here. The annual meeting was held on March 9. Mr. Brad- bury was. re-elected Town Clerk. He was also elected third Selectman, with Moses Patten and Joseph Carr. Mr. Williamson was re-elected Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Town Agent. Rev. Mr. Looinis, Samuel E. Dutton, and William D. Williamson were elected Super- intending School Committee; John Ham, Newell Bean, John Reynolds, Thomas Bradbury, and others, Consta- bles. Mr. Bradbury held this office very late in life. He gives a list of the Hog-reeves, composed of many of the most influential citizens, "making," as he says, "only twenty-seven." They appeared to take their election as a serious matter, for they were all sworn; $600 were raised for schools; $600 for Rev. Mr. Loomis; $200 for the Bridge Company; and $1,000 for highways. It was found that it would be necessary to raise $450 to make up the deficiency of the year 1811. April 6, Fish street, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINt. 555 which had been laid out in 1 808, was accepted; it ex- tended from Broad street to Water street, and was afterwards Wall street, and is now merged in Pickering Square. Elbridge Gerry had seventy-four, Caleb Strong sixty- seven, and William King two votes for Governor, Benja- min Gannet having resigned his seat, at a special election held on March 27. For Representative to Congress, Francis Carr had sixty-four votes, Pitt Dillingham forty- seven votes, and David Cobb nine votes. Mr. Carr was elected. Mr. Leavitt sold half of his ship to James Penniman, of Boston, and purchased of him his house (which is the larger portion of that at the right hand corner of State and Brown streets), and the lot whereon he built a brick block of two stories, which has been converted into of- fices for the European & North American Railway Company. For the house he gave $1,500; for the one- fourth acre water-lot, with a small store thereon, $1,000. An embargo was laid, on April 4, by Congr€Ss, on all vessels within the harbors of the United States for ninety days. During its existence ship-owners in Bangor were employed in having their vessels ready for service at its expiration; but they were destined to disappointment. On June 18, war was declared by Congress between the United States and Great Britain. This the Federalists considered an impolitic and cruel measure, especially those in the maritime States. Mr. Leavitt said, "all is confusion, disorder, and dismay;" but business experi- enced very little change in Bangor this year. The Pushaw road, laid out by Samuel E. Dutton, was accepted. An attempt to convert the Second District School-house into a place of permanent public worship fell through; but the town hired of General John Crosby and Benjamin Joy, of Boston, a large hall in a frame building standing upon the spot now occupied by the last two warehouses at the foot of Exchange Street, on the stream side, for the term of five years, at the rate of fifty dollars per annum, to be expended in fitting up the hall for religious services, and the first choice of a seat to Mr. Crosby for himself and family. This hall was known as Union Hall, and was occupied by Mr. Loomis's society until the court-house was completed. Mr. Cros- by had the first choice of sittings for himself and family, and Mn Loomis the second. On the 2oth of July the tovi^n authorized the contract for the hall, and on the 23d and 24th leases were taken in accordance therewith, and a committee was appointed to fit up the hall with pews and other conveniences; but at several meetings in August the whole matter was re- considered, and the town voted that it was not expedient to take any further measures for fitting up the hall. They appointed a committee consisting of Moses Patten, ^ ^ Samuel E. Dutton, William Boyd, and James Drummond to provide a location for a public building that the town proposed to erect, which committee reported that they .could not agree. A company this year commenced the erection of a building at the corner -of Hammond and Columbia streets, intending it for a court-house permanently and for public worship temporarily. The company tendered the use of the house, when it should be completed, to the town for three years or more for public worship, free of expense. The town readily voted to accept the build- ing for three years "so soon as the proprietors shall, on their own expense, have rendered the same convenient for meeting therein for public worship, provided the said building be furnished as aforesaid within one year from the date hereof" The town voted to accept one hundred square rods of land situated between the school-house and land of John Barker, sixteen rods on the country road, runnmg back forty-five rods, with a three-rod street to run in the mid- dle of the sixteen rods, "for the setting a meeting- house on," offered by Richard Pike, Philip Coombs, and Benjamin Wyatt, but declined to make any provision for erecting a meeting-house. This year there was a great revolution in the politics of Bangor, in the Representative District, and throughout the North. Francis Carr, the Democratic sitting- member, who, when elected in place of Mr. Gannett last year, re- ceived sixty-four votes to fifty-six opposition, at the regu- lar election, on November 2, this year, received but forty votes to seventy-two votes for John Wilson, Federalist, who was elected by a majority of about five hundred votes in the district. Judge William Crosby, Federalist, had seventy-two votes for Elector, and was chosen. Judge James Campbell, Democrat, had twenty-two votes. There were but six votes for Madison for President north of Pennsylvania — those of Vermont. Mr. Madi- son's strength was in the South, and it was predicted that this opposition of the two sections would sooner or later lead to a separation. On November 12 a proposition was made "to expung* from being placed on their records all the doings of the town respecting furnishing Union Hall." That proposi- tion was dismissed. At the same meeting the town "set up at auction Mrs. Gregg and Philip Lovejoy, town pau- pers, and they were struck off — the former to William Seward, to keep for $2.50 per week; the latter to Elisha Crane, to keep for $2.33 per week." On February 3, 1813, the town voted that "setting off the northern section of the settled part of Hancock county as a new county would be highly beneficial to this part of the county, particularly by inducing a great in- crease of settlement, and would be a great relief to that portion of the inhabitants who are compelled to travel an unreasonable distance to the present. shire town of the county," and appointed Charles Hammond, Joseph Leavitt, Thomas Bradbury, John Barker, and James B. Fiske, a committee to draft and forward to the Legisla- ture a petition to that effect, and to furnish the Repre- sentative with "documents and reasons to further the ob- ject." March 8, 1813, at the annual town meeting, the follow- ing officers were elected : Moses Patten, Joseph Carr and Thomas Bradbury (Town Clerk), Selectmen; Rev. Harvey Loomis, Jacob McGaw, Charles Hammond, Superintending School Committee; William D. William- son, Treasurer; and $1,200 were raised for highways, 556 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. $600 for Mr. Loomis, $250 for the bridge company, and $450 for town charges. The first and second school districts were united, that the inhabitants in both districts might have "equal bene- fits from the schools alternately." The votes for Governor were : For Caleb Strong, 74; Joseph B. Varnum, 62. Charles Hammond, 72 votes to James Carr 54, and was "elected Representative to the General Court. Mr. Strong was elected Governor of Massachusetts for the eighth time. The subject of the fisheries became prominent. There were no regulations relating to them upon the Penob- scot River and its tributaries. A meeting was held at Frankfort to determine upon a law to regulate the taking fish in the rivers, streams, and ponds connected there- with. Charles Hammond was appointed an agent to at- tend the meeting. Asa Davis was appointed to procure depositions, Joseph Carr to take them, and Asa Davis, Abner Taylor, Amos Patten, Thomas Bartlett, and sev- eral others to make suggestions for proper alterations in existing laws upon the subject. A meeting was held February 21st to consider whether the town would "memorialize in form of petition, resolu- tion, or otherwise, the General Court of this Common- wealth, expressing to them the views of said inhabitants in respect to the administration of the Government of the United States and requesting them to take measures, such as in their wisdom shall seem meet, to afford said inhabitants and the other citizens of this Comn:ionwealth rehef from the operation of some of the unnecessary and iniquitous laws passed by the Congress of the United States," by the request of nine citizens of Bangor. This ill-advised proposition, which evidently originated with the strong partisans, in their excitement occa- sioned by the certainty of war from which the nation was suffering, was read, and the good sense of the citizens assembled would not allow the subject to be discussed, deeming it improper; and it was dismissed on motion of Jacob McGaw, who was one of those who signed the re- quest for the meeting at the instance of a friend without reading it, understanding it contained nothing objection- able. Mr. Leavitt was an enterprising man and contributed much to the business of Bangor, particularly by ship- building and navigation. But the war was a great annoy- ance to him, and the occasion of much loss. His ship Alpha sailed on January 13th for Alexandria, Virginia, to take a cargo of flour to Cadiz, Spain, for $2.50 -per barrel, under British license. The ship arrived at Alexandria February 9th, and was loaded on March ist and ready to sail, but a blockade had been estab- lished and the vessel remained all through the summer and fall, at a very heavy expense, together with the out- fits, amounting to upwards of $6,000, including $1,300 worth of flour, which was owned by Mr. Leavitt and his copartner, Mr. James Bartlett. When Washington was captured the ship was burnt. Mr. Leavitt's loss was be- tween $g,ooo and $10,000. But he had a schooner called the Experiment, whose history was more eventful. He chartered her to Mr. Samuel Stone, and then sold half to him. She sailed for Charleston, South Carolina, February 23d; arrived after a very rough passage on May 25th. On June 7th she sailed for Boston and was taken by the Tenedos frigate. She was released, however, and arrived in Boston June 25th, and soon returned to Bangor. The British cruisers Tenedos, Shannon, Liverpool Packet, Emulous, Rattler, Boxer, and Curlew, werehov- ' ering along the coast, and the Bay, from the mouth 0/ the Penobscot, was under their corrstant surveillanct. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Leavitt must try to do some- thing with his vessel. In July the Experiment sailed for Boston, and on her passage up ran upon a rock called the " Londoner," and was much damaged. She was not troubled by the enemy before she arrived in Boston, but on her return passage she was captured by the British privateer Matilda. Her captors took from her about $200 worth of property, and seeing that she was too much damaged to be of any value to them, they released her. She again returned to Bangor, took in a cargo, and sailed for Boston on the ist day of August, On her passage down the river she struck upon a rock, was driven ashore, listed off, and filled with water. The owners thought at first to condemn her, she was so much injured; but finally concluded to try her again. Leavitt and Stone agreed with each other to buy or sell, and the former proposing to give $300 for Stone's half, he again became the owner of the whole vessel. He repaired her, and taking passage in her himself, she sailed for Boston. On August 27 th, when off George's Island, she was cap- tured by the British privateer Weazel. Mr. Leavitt was treated well, personally, but his captors appropriated his bed and shoes, the captain's boots, and clothes of some of the sailors; then set them all, exr cepting two hands, on shore at the mouth of George's River, about eighty miles from Bangor. Mr. Leavitt reached home on the rst of September, and on the next day was surprised by the news that the Experiment had been recaptured by the American privateer Superior, and carried in to Camden. He then proceeded to Canrden, paid $225 salvage and $50 expenses, and ar- rived with her in. Bangor on September 12th. Mr. Leavitt had arrived at a point when, in his opinion; forbearance ceased to be a virtue. As the chronicle has it, he was "disappointed and a little saddened, but prevailing- ly angry."* He was fit for " stratagems and spoils." He found no difficulty in getting up an expedition to make reprisals. There were enough of his neighbors idle, and disposed to appropriate the goods and chattels of the enemy to their own use, if they could find them. A schooner of about fifty tons burthen was fitted out and sent into the bay, with a force of forty men with small arms, to capture. British vessels and re-capture their prizes. It would have been a very profitable business, if there had been any British vessels or prizes to capture. But, unfortunately for Captain Gary and. the rest, they were all either too far distant or of too great force to be encountered voluntarily by the Bangor adventurers. The schooner, therefore, was navigated back to Bangor with *McGaw's Sketch. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. SS7 a supposed smuggler's boat, which Captain Cary brought as evidence that he had an eye to the well being of the< revenues of the country, if he had not the ability to humble the proud Briton. Thus ended this patriotic expedition. A "good time," perhaps, was compensation for those engaged in it. Several of the vessels of the Penobscot were captured and recaptured. Amorig these was one commanded by Captain Joshita; Jordan, another by Captain Barker, and carried^ into Halifax ' ' ■ The fight between the American brig Enterprise, six- teengunsand one hundred and two men, under Captain Burrows, and the-British-brig Boxer, one hundred and four men and eighteen gdns, took place in sight of Mon- hegan on September 5th. The battle continued thirty- five mioates, when the Boxer, Captain 'Bilythe, surren- dered and was carried into Portland. Both commariders were killed. The-killed and wounded of the Enterprise were fourteen;, of the Boxer, forty-six. Thevrisk to navigation from capture had become so great,'^'and the restrictive laws being still in force, the vessels of Bangor in Boston were hauled up, and the masters and crews found their way home as best they could. Goods were trat^sported from Boston to Bangor by hoTse- or ox-teams. CHAPTER Vni. Contribution- for Portsmouth— Bangor Bank Chartered — Maine Charity School Chartered — Death of Jonathan Lowder — Death of William Hammond — Members of Mr. Loomis's Church — School Districts i and 2— Hay Scales and Burial Grounds— James Crosby, Town Clerk —House Carpenters build a Vessel for Employment — Other Vessels Built— Smuggling— United States Ship Adams — Visit of the British — Lieutenant Lewis and Lieutenant Little at Castine — Their March Svith- American Commands to Hampden — Preparations there for the Reception of the British— rCaptain Morris — General Blake— Position • of the Americans — Approach ..of the British Forces — Flight of the Militia— The "Adams" Destroyed — Retreat of her Men — Anecdotes —Pluck and Panic — Pursitit of the British— Depredations in Hamp- den — American Thieves — Parole of Citizens of Bangor — Vessels Bumedj— Proceedings oi Selectmen — Representatives and Petition to . Sir John Sherbrpok — Delegalioti Sent — British leave the River — Ter- ritory East held as- Conqtiered— Amusements of the British at Cas- tihe— iSpecialSisssioh of the Legislature — County Erected — Registry of Deeds removed from. Castine to^Bangor — Recollections of Eye- witnesses— Explosion of the "Adams." , 1814. The yea:r 1814 commenced under circumstances asrdepressing as the year 1 8 1 3. The information reached Bangor ithat a great conflagration ,had occurred in Ports- mouth,. New Hampshire, December 22, 1813, in which foarhiindred buildings "were destroyed, besides various wharves.. Eighty dollars were immediately contributed and forwardied as Bangor's mite in this time of general distress. A charter was obtained in the name of Joseph Leavitt for the Bangor Bank, with a capital of $100,000; the first instalment to be paid in on January i, 1814. A charter was obtained February 25, for the Maine Charity School, to be established in Hampden. Captain Jonathan Lowder died this month, at the age of eighty years. His residence was at the angle of the two roads running through Veazie, near Mount Hope. He had, before the Revolution, performed services for the Government as a courier, and was a sergeant in the French and Indian War. He was gunner at Fort Pownall in 1774, and April 7, 1776, was allowed by the Massa- chusetts Government ;£29 4s for his services. After the dismantling of that fort he became a clerk for Major Treat, at the head of the tide in Bangor. He had the confidence of the Indians and performed various services for them. They made great efforts to have him appointed truck- master. Orono died on his farm in about 1777, being poor at the timg of his death. Captain William Hammond died in March at the age of about seventy-five. He came from Newton, Massa- chusetts, and was here in the. latter part of the century. He held important positions in the town and was highly esteemed. He had a large family of daughters, who , married prominent business men, and his descendants are numerous and of the first respectability. March 14, at the annual meeting, the last year's Board of Selectmen were re-elected, and same Town Clerk; Joseph Leavitt, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; Rev. Harvey Loomis, Allen Oilman, and John Barker, Superintending School Coraniittee; $800 were raised for schools; $700 for town charges ; $250 for Bridge Com- pany; $900 for highways, and $700 for Mr. Loomis's salary. Mr. Loomis's church at this time had the following members: Deacon WiUiam Boyd, Deacon Sewall S. Crosby, William Hasey, William D. Williamson, Stephen S. Kimball, Mrs. Boyd, Mrs. Timothy Crosby, Mrs. Joseph Kendrick, Mrs Mary Gould, Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Hutchins, Mrs. Low, Mrs. Dresser, Mrs. Samuel E. Dut- ton, Mrs. Almira Carr, Mrs. Nathaniel C. Little, Mrs. Eben Crosby, Anna Adams, Deacon Eliashib Adams. Deacon Adams came from Bucksport to Bangor to re- side May 22, 18 1 3. At the annual meeting of the town this year the First and Second School Districts were separated and placed under the regulations which existed prior to March, 1813. The Selectmen were instructed to procure "a lot of dry measures." The subjects of hay-scales and a burialground were again agitated. A committee consisting of Joseph Leavitt and William D. Williamson reported favorably to the erection of two hay-scales, where the Selectmen should determine, by such persons as would erect them at their own expense and keep them in repair for ten years, for the exclusive use and benefit of them during that term; provided they should not exact for weighing more than two and one-half cents per:hundred-weight. Two hay-scales were erected — one opposite where the Exchange now stands, on the west side of Poplar (now S58 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Exchange) street, the other on the easterly side of Main street, about two hundred feet from West Market Square. One hundred dollars were directed to be paid to Philip Coombs for an acre of ground from the westerly third part of the Haynes lot, for a burial ground. This was easterly of Oak street, between Washington and Han- cock streets. Burying on the ground between the resi- dence of Caleb S. Billings and Penobscot River was dis- continued. The votes for Governor this year were : For Caleb Strong, 78; for Samuel Dexter, 50. Strong was elected by a majority of about 1,100. For Register of Deeds, Charles Rice received 47 votes; Alexander Savage, 20; John Wilkins, 33. The Representative to the General Court, Charles Hammond had 53 votes; Jacob McGaw and Samuel K. Whiting one vote each, and Mr. Hammond was declared elected. John Wilson received 49 votes for Representative to Congress; James Carr, 28. James Crosby was chosen Town Clerk pro tern., Au- gust 6, 1814; and fifty dollars were appropriated from the moneys to be raised in 1815, for building an engine house, and Benjamin Garland was appointed a commit- tee to expend the money. In order to avoid paying taxes for the support of the Congregational minister in Bangor, some from inability or indisposition to pay more than one ministerial tax, and some to avoid paying any tax at all, obtained certifi- cates from two or more members of some other religious denomination that they were members thereof, like the following : We certify that John Weeks, of the town of Bangor, is a member of the religious society in Bangor called Methodist. Bangor, April 15, 1813. Ashbel Harthorn, David, John, and Thomas Howard, Simon Harriman, Jeremiah Dudley, and other?, in 1812; James Drummond, William Thompson, Zebulon Smith, James Carr, Francis Carr, Samuel Salmond, and others, in 1813. Nathaniel Burrill was certified to belong to the Baptist society the same year, and Allen Oilman was certified to be a member of a Congregational society in Brewer. During the existence of the troubles betwixt America and England regular business was interrupted, but the majority of the citizens of Bangor were workers, and would be employed. Several mechanics — house-carpen- ters principally— engaged themselves in building a large vessel. Each supplied his own personal labor, and such of them as possessed the means provided materials. Messrs. William & Charles Rice built a ship of about two hundred and sixty tons, which was launched just before the declaration of war in 18 12. She was not rigged. Messrs. R. & P. Salmond were building a ship of more than four hundred tons. Messrs. Joseph & James -Carr were building a ship of nearly four hundred tons burden. These ships, with the vessel built by mechanics, re- mained upon the stocks until 1815 before they were launched. The last was named "Mechanic." Mr. Leavitt built and launched a small schooner of forty tons. The British fleet, under Sir Thomas Hardy, took possession of Eastport. There was no opposition, and persons and property were protected. With no regular business upon their hands, many per- sons took advantage of the disturbed condition of affairs to turn a penny by smuggling. Their conscience — such as had any — had become hardened, and they labored diligently to put governmental duties in their pockets by surreptitiously transporting goods from the British Prov- inces to Boston. Thousands of dollars' worth of English goods were brought from Fredericton in birch canoes over the lakes and streams, and on men's backs over the carrying-places in trunks and packages. From Bangor they were transported to Boston on teams at the rate of $7 per hundred weight. The Custom House officers were vigilant, and some importers preferred "to do their business legitimately. They entered their goods and paid the duties on them. But a great many goods got through free of duty. A citizen describes the Govern- ment officers as "pimps and spies," and said that they made, aow and then, what they called " a good grab." " The whole," he says, "I can compare to nothing better than a hungry set of wolves prowling after prey upon the defenseless lamb — thus we have here an exhibition of some of the fruits of a Democratic Administration." He was a Federalist, and would have his fling at his political opponents — still he would stand well on the moral plat- form, and adds : " However, I will remark that I do not approve of smuggling." On August 17, the United States corvette Adams, twenty-four guns and two hundred and fifty-eight men, was injured by being driven upon the rocks at Isle au Haut in severe weather. She had been successful in her captures, having taken in three months a ship, two brigs, and a schooner, and became herself an object of desire to British cruisers. Captain Morris, her commander, brought her. up the Penobscot River for repairs, and anchored her off the mouth of the Sowadabscook Stream in Hampden. It was not long before the British were made acquainted with her situation, and made arrange- ments for her capture. In July Major Perley Putnam, of Salem, was in com- mand of the forts at Eastport and Robbinston, having under him two companies of miUtia, detached from Gen- eral Blake's brigade at Penobscot. Relieved by the downfall of Napoleon from the war with France, Great Britain was enabled to give more at- tention to the war with the United States, and made dis- position of her troops to that end. Maine was weak, and, lying contiguous to the British provinces, could be easily occupied. On July 5 Captain Sir M. T. Hardy, with the Romilies, seventy-four; the Martin, sloop-of-war; the Borer, brig; the Breame, the bomb-ship Terror, and several transports with the One Hundred and Second Regiment, just from Bermuda, under Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Pilkinton, with a party from Halifax, appeared before Eastport and summoned it to surrender, giving five minutes for an answer. Putnam replied that he should fight, and prepared for defense The people, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 559 however, remonstrated. They could not be destroyed with their town, when really no object was to be gained. Putnam yielded to their importunities, and surrendered, on condition that the persons and property of the inhab- itants should be respected. Thus Fort Sullivan fell into the hands of the enemy without resistance. British troops were sent to Canada to reinforce those on the frontier, and up the Chesapeake Bay, in the summer, and in September Sir John Sherbrook and Rear Admiral Griffith sailed from Halifax with the Dragon, seventy-four guns; Endymion, forty; Bacchante; Sylph, eighteen; and Peruvian, sloops; the Spenser, Bulwark, and Tene- dos, and a number of transports, with the Twenty-ninth, Sixty second, and Ninety-eighth Regiments, two rifle com- panies of the Sixtieth, and detachments of Royal Artil- lery and Engineers, to take possession of Penobscot. It was the mtention of Sherbrook to take possession of Machias on his way, but falling in with the Rifleman sloop, and being informed by Captain Pearse that the Adams had run up the Penobscot to Hampden, he pro- ceeded directly to Castlne, and a little after sunrise on September i summoned the fort to surrender. Lieuten- ant Lewis, who was in command of the fort with twenty- eight United States regulars, refused to surrender, and opened a fire from four twenty-four-pounders upon a small schooner which, under Lieutenant-Colonel Nichols, of the Koyal Engineers, was reconnoitering the work. Lieutenant Henry Little, of Bucksport, in command of a detachment of General Blake's militia of ninety-two men, was quartered in the Court House at Castine. When his attention was called to a fleet of sixteen British war-vessels coming up the harbor, he indicated his faith in the sentiment that discretion is the better part of valor by marching his men with due promptness from the pe- ninsula. Lieutenant Lewis, however, had a duty to per- form, and waited to witness the next movement of the enemy. Seeing that the force was disembarking, and that the number of the troops was immense, he blew up the magazine of the fort, and followed in the footsteps of Lieutenant Little. After the latter had proceeded about six miles in the direction of Bucksport, it was announced that the British were in pursuit ; whereupon he ordered his company to "right about," and prepare to receive the enemy. Presently he saw an officer waving a flag, and the anxiety of his command was allayed on learning that the supposed British were no other than Lieutenant Lewis and his men. They shortly came up with him, and with true military ardor pressed on. Lieutenant Little's command, being so much larger, stopped at Bucks- port over night and recruited themselves for the morning march; but Lieutenant Lewis made no delay. He reached Hampden on the 2d, and was with his men on the right of the American force in position during the next night. On the morning of the 2d Lieutenant Little 'recommenced his march. The British, however, had not slept on their guns. Directly after the arrival of the fleet at Castine, Sir John Sherbrook directed Major General Gosselin to oc- cupy Belfast, in order to prevent the armed population below annoying the British in their operations on the Adams, and to support his own forces, if necessary. He and Rear-Admiral Griffith then directed Captain Barrie, with the Dragon, Sylph, Peruvian, Harmony, and a transport and prize-tender, and Lieutenant-Colonel John, with a detachment of artillery, the flank companies of the Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety-eighth Regi- ments, and one rifle company of the Sixtieth, to pro- ceed to Hampden and co-operate in either obtaining possession of the Adams or destroying her. Lieutenant Little was surprised the next forenoon, when just above Frankfort, by a report of cannon from the river. On examination he found that the British ships, with the troops on board, were keeping pace with him, and, further, that a force was landing to intercept • him. This caused him to leave the main road and take a route around Sweats's Hill, in Orrington. He arrived by nightfall at Goodale's Corner, where he and his com- pany were provided with good quarters and entertain- ment for the night by Hon. Mr. Goodale, who resided there. Colonel John learned afterward that his direc- tion to Major Croisdale and Lieutenant Wallace to land with some regulars and riflemen and intercept this com- pany, had the effect to prevent them from joining the main body at Hampden. It was so ; while Lieutenant Little in the morning of the 3d, with his men, was leaving the domains of his hospitable host, and his heart behind him with his host's daughter — whom he saw for the first time that night, and afterwards made his wife — the battle of Hampden was fought. In the glory of that affair affair Lieutenant Little had no part. At noon on the first of September Captain Morris received intelligence at Hampden, by express from Cas- tine, that the British fleet were off the harbor. Knowing that the Adams was the object of their pursuit, he pro- ceeded to make arrangements for the ship's protection. He communicated the intelligence at once to Brigadier- General Blake, requesting him to collect such force as he could at Hampden. The guns had been taken out of his ship and preparations were in progress for her repair. By the "great and unremitted exertions" of his men and the assistance of the inhabitants during the ist and 2d, nine guns were conveyed to the top of the hill overlooking the river below the long wharf; one to the hill near the meetinghouse on the right of General Blake's line of battle ; fourteen upon the wharf which commanded the river below, and one to a point covering the communication between the hill and wharf batteries. The arrangements were perfect for disputing the passage of the naval force, if Morris's batteries could be protected from being flanked, and it was for this purpose that General Blake's force was designed. This officer had succeeded in collecting about five hun- dred militiamen of Colonel Andrew Grant's regiment, with Captain Charles Hammond's company of artillery from Bangor, which, with two brass four-pounders, was stationed on the right, with Lieutenant Lewis's men. The line extended easterly from the meeting-house along the crest of the academy hill towards the river. The position was admirable and could easily have been defended against an infinitely large force, with men of 56o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the least experience. A Northern officer, who had seen much service in the Rebellion, on examining the posi- tion in 1864, remarked that he had seen three hundred rebels in such a position resist the advance of two brigades, consisting of eight thousand men, five hours. They had intrenchments and rifle-pits, and it was that length of time before it was ascertained how they could be flanked. With intrenchments and rifle-pits here, if the officers knew how to manage their men, they could have repulsed the British with ease. On the evening before the battle there was a consul- tation of leading citizens of Hampden and Bangor, at the academy in Hampden, with General Blake and some of his officers. The emergency was so unexpected that the people were unnerved, therefore there was no unanimity as to, the course to be pursued. The citizens were not prepared to lose everything, and many counseled no re- sistance. Others, more patriotic, thought that everything should be done to save the Adams and to repel the in- vaders: Captain Morris was mortified to find so much indecision and disposition to submit, and when it was concluded to leave the whole matter to the judgment of General Blake, Morris proceeded to do all that was pos- sible on his part to make the resistance a success. He found that many of Blake's men were without arms, and most of them without any ammunition ; and as his own men were barely sufficient to man his batteries, he dis- tributed the ship's muskets to the mihtia and supplied them with ammunition. General Blake's pickets were advantageously posted on the northerly side of Bald Hill Cove; the artillery, with the two four-pounders, under Lieutenant George W. Brown, .Sergeant John Williams and Michael Sargent acting as gunners; and the United States regulars, with the eighteen-pounder, ur.dtr Lieutenant Lewis, were stationed riear the meeting-house (where the Town House now stands), and commanded the approach from the bridge over Pitcher's brook; the militia companies, form- ing the line on their left towards the river, were under Colonel Grant and Major Chamberlain. The women and children weie removed to Mr. Joshua Lane's, about a mile distant through the woods, on a road leading into the country on the right bank of the Sowa- dabscook Stream. The arrangements were not completed until late in the evening of the 2d. The night was dark and rainy. Morris's men were compelled to remain at their batte- ries to prevent a surprise, as the wind was Jair for the ene- my's approach, and General Blake's force was kept in position. It was a terrible night for those men, scarcely one of whom had had any experience in war, and very {evf, aside from those of the independent companies, un. derstood the management of fire-arms. There were no redoubts or entrenchments, and there was constant ex- pectation of an attack from experienced troops in un- known numbers. Some of the officers were brave and plucky, although none had had experience. Some of the men were arrant cowards, while others made sport of their pusillanimity. There were three brothers who threw themselves upon the ground and feigned sickness. A man of weaker mind, but of more courage, seeing this, fell to pulling their hair and whiskers with great persist- ence. When inquired of what he meant, he replied: "I want to get these men mad. If I can do this, they will fight like the — — !" It was a fearful night to many, and an uncomfortable one for all. The British vessels arrived at. Bald Hill Cove about five o'clock in the evening of the 2d of September. By direction of Colonel John, Major Riddle, with grena- diers, and Captain Ward, with rifles, dislodged General Blake's pickets. This was accomplished by seven o'clock, and the troops were all landed by ten. They then bivouacked for the night. In the morning, at five o'clock, they were formed, the rifle company (under Captain Ward) being in advance, and the light company (under Major Keith, of the. Sixty-second) inthe rear, and a detachment of eighty marines (under Captain Car'isr) moving on their flanks. There were also a light compa- ny of the Twenty-ninth (under Captain Cooker), a detach- ment of Royal Artillery (under Lieutenant Carston),with a six-pounder, a six-and-a-half-inch howitzer, and a rocket apparatus, and a detachment of sailors (under Lieutenants Symonds, Botely, and Slade, and Mr. Sparkling, Master of the Bulwark). The wind being favorable. Captain Barrie, with the ships, advanced at the same lime with the troops, and on their right. It was supposed by the British that the force against which they were moving consisted of 1,400 men; and the fog being so thick that they could neither form a correct idea of the features of the country or of the army op- posed to them, they moved with the utmost caution, Between 7 and 8 o'clock Colonel John's skirmishers: were sharply engaged, and he sent forward Captain Cooker with half of his light company for their support. The British pressed into their service an American named Oakman residing at Bald Hill Cove, to guide them, and he was unwittingly shot by his owii countrymen. . The British were first seen through a break in the fog advancing towards the bridge over Pitcher's Brook. .As soon as they came in sight a heavy fire was opened upon them by Lieutenant Lewis with the eighteen-pounder, and Lieutenant Brown, Adjutan Bent, and others with the four-pounders of the Bangor Artillery (which were at the right of the eighteen-pounder), that completely raked the road. After passing the bridge, the British troops deployed and charged up the hill to get possession of the' guns. General Blake had ordered the militia to reserve their fire until the enemy had approached so near that itmight be effectual; but he did not consider .that his men were not veterans, and were in a frame of mind which made them totally incapable of appreciating such an order. The consequence was that when they saw those veteran troops in their scarlet uniforms pressing up the hill right upon them so like an avalanche that it seemed as if re- sistance would be madness, they were seized with a panic and fled. The fog was so dense that Captain Morris could not see the operations of the troops, but he discovered the enemy's guard and rocket boats at about 7 o'clock ad- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S6i vancing; and his batteries opened a brisk fire upon them. From their movements he concluded that a simultaneous attack by land and water was intended, and he placed the hill battery under the direction of his First Lieuten- ant, Wadsworth, assisted by Lieutenant Madison and Mr. Rogers, the Purser, and directed Lieutenant Watson to place his small detachment of twenty marines in a position to watch the movements of the enemy's main body, assist in covering the Adams's men's flank, and their retreat if it became necessary. The wharf battery was under the direction of Lieutenants Parker and Beatty, and Sailing Master McCuUoch. Captain Morris had just joined it. The enemy's boats were stationary, beyond the reach of fire, and his infantry had com- menced their attack upon the militia. In a few minutes Lieutenant Wadsworth informed Captain Morris that our troops were retreating. Immediately the retreat be- came a confused flight, and there was now no alterna- tion for Morris but to retreat also. Against the enemy's troops he had no other means of defense than pikes and cudasses. The tide was rismg, and the bridge over the Sowadabscook was the only thoroughfare across that stream. He immediately ordered the guns to be spiked and the ship to be fired. These things were hardly ac- complished before the British appeared upon the hill, and, seeing that the object of their expedition was de- stroyed, opened fire upon Captain Morris and those of his men who had fired the ship, they being the last to retire. Lieutenant Wadsworth with his detachment having previously, by order of Captain Morris, crossed the bridge. The Captain's party had not time to reach the bridge, and, therefore, attempted to ford the stream. In this they succeeded, and, ascending the bank, joined their comrades without having received the slightest injury from the well-intended but ill-directed fire of the pur- suers. Some plucky American officers were exceedingly en- raged at this ignominious flight of the militki, and made an effort to save the troops from utter disgrace. Major Chamberlain and a minor officer, Timothy George, find- ing themselves at the bridge, thought it might be possible to detain brave men enough, and ordered all as they came to fall in. One of the first was a ponderous seven- foot giant, who apparently had physique enough to with- stand a section. On being ordered to halt he drew him- self up, and with a look of terror exclaimed: "Why, Major Chamberlain, you — you'll have us all killed ! This is dangerous !! " He then rushed to the stream, which he forded, and was well on his way to Bangor be- fore the British left the hill. There was much swift moving on that day, both on horseback and on foot. Colonel , with others, proceeded rapidly to Mr. Lane's, where the women and children were. The Colonel had had enough of war for the present, and changed his regimentals for Colonel Lane's wedding apparel, in which he was afterwards dis- covered by the British and taken to Castine, where he was imprisoned until the fresh ten-dollar broadcloth suit was so defaced that its owner never afterwards recognized it. One well-known Major declared that he never marched with such courage as that with which he marched from Hampden to Bangor on that day. A citizen on horseback, riding up from the bridge towards Bangor, caught sight of a rocket which seemed to be coming directly towards him. He turned his horse and was riding rapidly in another direction, when lo ! the erratic projectile had also changed its course and was close in pursuit. He thought verily it was a messenger from the pit and he an object of demoniacal vengeance, until it suddenly made another detour and permitted him to escape. Having reached his home, about two miles from the scene of action, this citizen seized his best feather-bed and was making his way in the direction of the woods, when he heard a volley from the invaders. He threw himself instantly upon the ground, and draw- ing the bed over himself peeped out and saw the bullets passing over him looking like a flock of swallows. Mr. Zadock Davis thought it not best to leave the artillery guns to be taken by the foe and used against his country- men, and, with others, removed them in hot haste in the direction of Bangor, and hid them under a bridge on some by-road in the woods. But guns were what the British wanted, and when they learned that Mr. Davis had some knowledge of them, they constrained him to reveal it, and the guns became British property. General Blake was among the last to leave the field. He did not hesitate to expose himself when necessary, and even when unnecessary. Sergeant Williams, who afterwards became Brigadier-General, served as gunner to the artillery, which stood its ground until after the flight of the militia, and said that when he and his company retreated, they ran as fast as the rest, and passed General Blake, who was on foot, walking towards the village much excited and swearing to himself. Michael Sargent, who was also a gunner, said that Blake did not prohibit the firing of the eighteen-pounder or the guns of the artillery; that he rode up near to the guns and took a survey of the British forces as they came in view; that afterward, in his interview with Colonel John at the Hatch tavern, the Colonel inquired of him what officer it was who ex- posed himself thus on the hill. He replied that it was himself The Colonel then told him that he was in great danger; that his men were firing at him and he ordered them to desist, for he would not permit them to shoot down so brave a man. "But what were you there for?" continued John. "To calculate your numbers." "How many did you take them to be ?" "About seven hundred." "A pretty good calculation ; there were seven hundred and fifty." It was probably at this interview that a conversation took place, which was published not long afterwards. The British officers were dining together, the General being their guest and wearing his epaulettes and other military accoutrements that he had worn in the battle, and the Colonel remarked that he must indeed be in- sensible to danger to wear those ornaments on the field; that the British officers wore a dress of common mixed S62 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. cloth, that they might not be targets for the enemy. "Oh," replied the General, "I have never, if my recol- lection serves me, gone upon the field of battle in dis- guise." The General was a sergeant in the Revolutionary war, and among his companions bore the soubriquet of "Black Jack." It came to his knowledge one evening in camp that a party of British officers were having a revel in a secluded farm house, where they could not conceive of any possible chance of discovery. He took a squad of reliable men and went to the house, reconnoitered, and came to a window through which he saw a happy party indulging in a game of whist. "What's trumps ?" reached his ear. "Black Jack, by " he exclaimed, and with one bound stood by the astonished whist-players, with his men at his side. Of course they were his prisoners, and he reaped the reward of his bold adventure, as well by making "Black Jack" an appellation of distinction as in other respects. Eighty prisoners were taken by the British m Hamp. den; the twenty guns of the Adams and several vessels fell into their hands; many of the houses were riddled with bullets, and the furniture therein was destroyed. The contents of the stores were appropriated, and about a third of the troops being left in possession of the town, many of them amused themselves with playing upon the fears of the inhabitants, and indulging in various kinds of mischief. One set took feather beds from General Crosby's house to his grist-mill, and after pouring the feathers into the hopper, hoisted the gates and tried the experiment of making flour of feathers. Another took the law books from Godfrej-'s office and stuffed them into a martin-house, which they set on fire. The swine in the streets afforded them much delight, especially after they had estabhshed themselves in the good graces of Mad- ame Grant, who understood the cuisine of pork perfectly, as well as that of other flesh. There was great damage done to property, but the persons of women and children were respected. The British were not alone engaged in the work of destruction. A writer in the Boston Reper- tory of September 20, 1814, said: "It is confidently asserted that no small part of the depredation commit- ted on private property at Hampden and its vicinity, was the work of some miscreants enjoying the name and privileges of American citizens — that the most atrocious outrages and vilest species of plunder were perpetrated by some traitorous villains from whom was expected pro- tection and defense." But the invaders were not over- compassionate. The appropriation of houses was very common. A gentleman from another town, who hap- pened to be traveling on a journey quietly, was taken prisoner, and despoiled of his horse and baggage. He applied to the commanding officer for redress, but in vain. The prisoners were put into the cabin of the Decatur (a vessel that had arrived at Hampden in July from Bor- deaux with a cargo of brandy, wines, oil, and silks), where they were confined during the night, and were near per- ishing for want of air and water. All but ten or twelve of these were released the next day on their parol. Those retained were put on board a prison-ship, but admitted to their parol on the day following. The soldiers were not sparing of insulting and abusive language, but in- flicted no personal injury. The loss of the people of Hampden was $44,000, not a small sum for that people in that day. The Decatur and Kutusoff were burnt, and the town was compelled to give a bond in $12,000 for the delivery of other vessels in Castine in October. The enemy made little delay at Hampden. Leaving sufficient troops to keep possession of the town and cap- tured property. Colonel John and Captain Barrie pur- sued the flying soldiers to Bangor. They, with Major Riddle, rode on horseback, and were met by flags of truce, with the request for terms, to which they replied that the surrender must be unconditional. They reached Bangor about noon and demanded barracks and provis- ions for the troops, threatening to permit the plunder of the village unless the demand was immediately complied with. The court-house, two school-houses, a dwelling- house and another, building were provided, and an abun- dant supply of provisions was furnished. The officers occupied two dwellings. The ammunition of the town and a quantity of merchandise, seized for a breach of the revenue laws, were taken, and the guns, of which Mr, Zadock Davis knew the whereabouts, were forthcoming. The following paper was submitted to them by citizens, being prompted thereto by the invaders: We, the undersigned, being now prisoners of war to the British ad- vanced Military and Naval forces in the Penobscot, do engage, on our words of honor, not to take up arms against Great Britain or her allies during the continuance of the present ' hostilities, unless regularly ex- changed ; and to this agreement we pledge our words of honor and affix our several signatures : Charles Hammond, A. Patten, Thomas Bradbury, Thomas Bartlett, Allen Oilman, Wilham Emerson, Joseph Carr, James B. Fiske, William Robinson, John LeGro, John LeGro, Jr., Theodore Trafton, Joseph Leavitt, Thomas A Hill, Peter Burgess, Oliver Frye, H. Gould, Joseph Kendrick, George Logan, James Bartlett, Nathaniel Boynton, Jacob Chich, Philip Coombs, William Bnice, Zebulon Smith, George Barker, James Poor, John Balck, Hosea Rich, William Thompson, F. Carr, S. E, Dutton, David Hill, John Ham, Asa Flagg, Jr., Green Sanborn, Abner Taylor, Robert Lapish, Jona Webster, Elisha Crane, John Harlow, Benjamin Garland, James Drummond, Robert Salmond, Jr., Oliver Frost, John Pearson, Richard McGrath, Newell Bean, Isaac Hatch, John Allen, Wiggins Hill, Nathaniel C. Little, Edmund Dole, John Barker, Ebenezer Weston, Jona Holt, Alexander Savage, Mathew M. Burns, John Blake, William Dole, Nathaniel Harlow, Joseph W. Boynton, Eliashib Adams, James Carr, Jr., Barney HoUis, BenoniHunt, Jacob Dennett, Gillman Hook, Asa Davis, J. C. Liscomb, Nathaniel Harlow, Jr., Samuel Salmond, Frederick Knight, Stephen S. Crosby, Elisha Skinner, Jr., Daniel Emerson, Joseph Perry, Samuel S. Fields, Joseph Knapp, Joseph Carnes, Silas Hatch, Lynde Valentine, Moses Basford, Robert Boynton, Zadock Davis, James Dudley, Wm. D. Williamson, William Gregory, David J. Bent, William Rice, Daniel Webster, Elijah Webster, B. Harrod, Nathaniel Bunell, Robert Boyd, John Webster, John Williams, James Tilton, Joshua Jordan, Edward D. Jarvis, Amos Emerson, David Randall, William Randall, Daniel Dennis, Samuel G. Adams, Simon B. Harrimon, Sarson Westoti, David Howard, Timothy W. Barns, Henry George, Michael Sargent, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 563 Moses Patten, Isaac Watson, Elijah P. Goodrich, Joseph Lambert, Caleb C. Billings, Joseph Potter, Peter Perkins, John Boynton, John Sargent, Jackson Davis, Thomas Mann, George Savage, John Oakes, William Boyd, Simon Harrimon, JohnOakes, Jr., AsaFlagg, Edward Sargent , Isaac Lincoln, Allen Clark, Samuel Smith, John Howard, John Treat, Jacob Hart, .Simeon Everton, John Hook, Jacob McGaw, Edward Kelly, Robert Treat, William Forbes, Joshua Treat, Joseph Whipple, Elisha Hammond, George W. Brown, John Kenny, Tilly Brown, Harvey Jameson, John Garman, Plyn Clark, Paniel Lambert, Daniel Dresser, Nathan Parsons, Silas Harthorn, Sherlock Parsons, Josiah Stone, Timothy Crosby, Timothy Crosby, J r. , William Lowdei-, David G. Parsons, Abel Morrill, John Lafavor, John Howard, Moses Brown, John Clark, Archibald McPhetres, David Harthorn, David Harthorn, 2d, Ashbel Harthorn, Joseph Harthorn, Andrew Hasey, Benjamin Clark, Samuel SherburnCi Joseph Clark, Joseph Harthorn, Robert McPhetres, Richard Garcelon, Daniel Clapp, Timothy Miller, Daniel Kimball, Sylvanus Rich, Joel Fisher, Lemuel Smith, John Miller, Levi Leathers, Arnold Murray, William Little, John Brasdell, Gideon Dutton, Isaac Spencer, William Hasey, Joseph Mansell. We do hereby certify that the persons named in the foregoing hst, beginning with the name of Charles Hammond and ending with the name of Joseph Mansel (one hundred and ninety-one) are by us this day admitted to their Parole of honor, not to serve against Great Britain or her allies, unless regularly exchanged, and that, if demanded by us or the British Government, they be forthcoming. Given under our hands in Bangor this 3d day of September, 1814. Robert Barkie, Senior Officer in Command of the Advanced Naval Forces in Penobscot. H'Y John, Lieutenant-Colonel 7th Batt,, Sixtieth Regiment, Com- manding Advance British Light Troops. George Pedlar, Sen'r Lt. H. M. S. Dragon. This submission was followed the next day by the fol- lowing guarantee : The undersigned guarantee to all persons, inhabitants of the town- ships of Bangor and Orono, who bring in their arms, and have signed, or shall within thirty days next coming sign a parol of honor not to serve against his Britanic Majesty, or his Allies, during the present war, unless regularly exchanged as prisoners of war, their personal safety, with that also of their families not so old as eighteen years of the male sex and all females. The undersigned have also received from Moses Patten and Thomas Bradbury, Selectmen of Bangor, a bond in the penal sum of thirty thousand dollars in behalf of said town, conditioned principally for the faithful performance of the conditions of the follow- ing propositions, viz: "The subscribers, principally inhabitants of Bangor, promise to the Commodore of the British Naval force in Penobscot river and Com- mander of land forces to deliver the vessels now on the stocks in Bangor, to the Commodore and land commander at Castine by the last day of October next. Bangor, September 4, 1814. Moses Patten, ) Selectmen in behalf of Thomas Bradbury, J the town of Bangor. Which proposition is by us on behalf of his Britannic Majesty, ac- I, cepted, and in consideration of having received said bond, we pledge ourselves that no private property, except vessels, shall be in any way molested or injured; but of others if his said Majesty's troops, by land or sea, should hereafter, before the last day of October next, arrive at Bangor, they are to respect all private property, and especially all infinished vessels within the above named townships of Bangor and Orono, whether deficient in finishing hull or rigging, the bond aforesaid bemg by us considered adequate security, and we accordingly pledge our honors that said vessels and private property shall be respected by his Britannic Majesty's subjects. • Bangor September 4, i8r4. Robert Barrie, Senior Officer in command of H. M's ad- vanced Naval force in the Penobscot. Henry John, Lt. Col. 7th Light Batt. 6oth Regt. Commanding the advance British light Troops. George Pedlar, Senior Lt. H. M. S. Dragon. General Blake's troops reached Bangor about 9 o'clock in the morning of the 3d, three or four hours before the British, and disposed of their arms and accoutrements so that no one who had affected to be a soldier in Hamp- den could be recognized as such in Bangor. But by the orders of John and the menaces of the imperative Bar- rie, the arms came to the light again and were surren- dered to the invaders. General Blake retired to his home in Brewer, but when inquired for submitted him- self as a prisoner of war and was paroled. The fog had cleared off when the vessels ascended the river, and whenever the retreating Adams men (of whom there were more than two hundred, in squads) were seen frorn the decks, the sharp report of the guns indicated that iron messengers were sent in pursuit of them. They, however, escaped unharmed, and made their way from Bangor, through the woods, to the Kennebec. Captain Morris stopped in Bangor for refreshments, and an old citizen, who had an interview with him, said that he was in such haste that "he poured his coffee into his saucer, that it might cool the more rapidly." All had lost their personal effects, and he learned that the country through which he was to pass was almost destitute of inhabitants, and that his men could not be subsisted as a body; he therefore ordered them to make their way to Portland in such manner and time as they might be able. He after- wards, in a letter' to the Secretary of the Navy, expressed his gratitude to the inhabitants between the Penobscot and the Kennebec, who "most cheerfully and liberally supplied their wants to the utmost extent of their limited means." He complimented the subordinate officers, and said of the seamen and marines that their bravery was unquestioned, and "their uncommon good conduct upon their march — those feelings which induced them to rally round their flag at a distance of two hundred miles from the place of their dispersion, without one instance of de- sertion, entitle them to particular approbation." As the British vessels approached the town, Mr. John Barker, whose store was upon the Point at the corner of Exchange and Washington streets, put a flag of truce from his window, and when the barges came to land he and Mr. Robert Lapish and Captain Greene Sanborn gave assurances of the surrender of the town. After the sailors landed they made themselves quite at home, and appropriated such things as took their fancy or they needed, as if they were their own. Entering Mr. Bar- ker's store, they laid their hands upon the shoes and boots and similar articles. Mr. Barker, who was a very shrewd man, in a bland manner proposed to wait upon them, as he said he wished to make a memorandum of the articles, in order to charge them to their King 1 This 5^4 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. was perfectly satisfactory to them, and he made a list of all his goods taken by these free customers. Among the first inquiries of the British officers, after coming into town, was who were Republicans (Demo- crats) and who were Federalists. They knew well that the Federalists had been adverse to the war, and were comparatively lenient to them. Hon. Francis Carr, who had been in Congress and sustained the war meas- ures, was especially obnoxious, and was careful to keep out of their way. It was difficult to obtain his name to the submission. Previously, on his return from Congress, the feeling was so strong against him in Portland that when he passed through that town there were strong manifestations of disapprobation towards him, which came near developing into violence. Barrie was a rough, repulsive person — was very harsh with the citizens, and made himself extremely obnoxious. At Hampden he was grossly severe, and threatened to burn the houses, although he said he would spare the lives of the people. Sir John Sherbrooke, however, for- bid the burning of the houses, unless as a measure of necessity. Colonel John, on the other hand, was court- eous, and made himself popular. Mr. and Mrs. John Barker resided in the house which was built for Jeremiah Dudley, at the corner of Main and Water streets. It was a pleasant residence facing the water, and had a pretty front yard extending to Fish street (now Pickering Square). The occupants were Federalists and offered Colonel John their house for quarters. The citizens of all parties, conscious of their helpless- ness, were disposed to be conciliatory. A prominent Republican meeting Barrie on Main street, pointed to his garden and said r "Captain, there is some sauce in my garden to which you are welcome." " I wants none of your sass," Barrie coarsely replied. " I mean, there are vegetables which you can take if you wish." "To be sure I can— they are mine already." The soldiers, especially the Hessians, were very law- less, and rifled the stores on the west side of the Ken- duskeag of most of their contents. It was related as a joke that they entered one store on the east side of the stream and found the goods marked so high that they left in disgust, without taking much spoil. They found much rum in the stores. Hogsheads were rolled out upon Broad street, the heads broken in, and the rum and brandy were taken out in buckets and distributed among the men. Mr. Thomas F. Hatch, who had charge of the bar at the Hatch tavern, found his business as great as he could attend to, and while it was in the full tide of successful operation, his counter covered with decanters and glasses, Captain Barrie came in, and seeing Hatch dealing out liquor to the soldiers, raised his sword and with a huge oath cut off the faucets of his rum barrels. Of course the liquor ran out upon the floor, but as soon as Barrie's back was turned, Hatch mopped it up and turned it back into the barrels, and dealt it out to the soldiers as he had before ! But Barrie was a brute. By Mr. Hatch's testimony. he took a bottle of rum and drank the whole of its con- tents at one draught. The British officers were good customers of the inn and Mr, Hatch did not let conscience stand in the way of his dealing with his country's enemies. He said that on one occasion Captain Bruce, Colonel John, and four or five other officers dined at the house, and when the bill was called for, he made it ten times larger than was customary, and handed it to Barrie ; Barrie handed it to John, and John took from his pocket $3 and gave Hatch and told him he must wait for the rest until the next time. Hatch laughed while relating the story, and said that that was four times as much as it was worth. It was said that his mother remonstrated against his making so large a bill, saying the officers would deem it an insult ; but the son said he " might as well be hung for an old sheep as for a lamb, '" and presented it with- out a qualm. The soldiers and sailors were not much looked after in their vagaries, although the officers pretended disapproba- tion, and some appeared to be in earnest Barrie and John had forbidden the furnishing liquor to the troops, and when Barrie heard they were drinking it from buckets in the streets, without inquiring into the matter, he ordered a general destruction of the liquors in town. It was thought that the departure of the troops was hastened by the officers, from fear that the inhabitants might take advantage of their helpless condition and have revenge. While Dr. James B. Fiske and his wife were riding in their carriage along the street, some of the men met them and ordered them out. The Doctor turned his horse, as if he supposed they wanted the street to themselves. But they wanted the carriage and a ride, and the Doctor and lady were compelled to yield to them and walk home. But the Doctor was an apothecary, and when they visited his store they were ill at ease. They knew that there were chemicals of a dangerous nature usually in such establishments, and some one in attendance did not hesitate to hint that a long tarry there might be the occasion of a catastrophe far more disastrous than any they had yet witnessed since they entered the river. Their tarry was short. The vessels in the harbor were either burned or taken, The brig Caravan, belonging to the Messrs. Patten and A. Taylor; Schooners Neptune's Barge, Thinks-I-to My- self, Eunice and Polly, Gladiator, Three Brothers, and the sloop Ranger were burned. The Bangor Packet, Oliver Spear, Hancock, Lucy, Polly, and boat Cato, were taken. A new ship of the Messrs. Rice and J. Drum- mond, of three hundred tons, not rigged, was burned. Fire was about to be set to the vessels on the stocks, six in number (which, if burned, with the fresh breeze then blowing, would have involved the burning of the town), when the Selectmen proposed to give the bond above referred to, obligating the town to deliver the ves- sels at Castine in October. With such visitors among them, inflamed by drink, having the knowledge that they could do almost any act with impunity, it may well be supposed that the inhabit- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 565 ants passed a sleepless night. However, the troops were tired enough to need rest, and the people were not mo- lested. After remaining in Bangor about thirty hours, the invaders started on their return. They marched to Hampden on Sunday afternoon and encamped in the neighborhood of the academy. They took with them about twenty horses from Bangor. Even the officers did not scruple to do this, although some of the owners had assurances of their return, and succeeded in securing some by going after them. Dr. Hosea Rich was a surgeon of the American troops at Hampden. The house of Josiah Kidder, Esq., was the hospital, and that of John Godfrey, Esq., the sub- hospital. This surgeon had knowledge of eleven of Blake's men being wounded, and one killed. One of the wounded was a Mr. Carlton, from Carleton's Corner, in Frankfort. His wound was by a ball, and severe. Dr. Rich removed the ball in February afterward. He knew of only two of the British being killed, and these were at first buried in the front yard of Mr. Jacob Curtis. Afterward their remains were removed to the burial ground in rear of the meeting-house. Colonel John reported the British loss as one rank and file killed, one captain, seven rank and file wounded, and one rank and file missing. One of the wounded of the British was under Dr. Rich's care, but they took all his surgical instruments and his assistant surgeon to Bangor, and left him with no means to help their wounded or ours. During the time they remained in Hampden, on their return, the soldiers and sailors were particularly busy in their depredations up- on the property of the citizens. As the resistance had been made in that town, they conducted as if they felt justi- fied in doing more injury there than they had done in Bangor. A petty oflScer, being a sportsman, with several of the rank and file, started a hunt, and with horse and gun he was very successful with the pigs and sheep and among the geese and other fowls. His companions re- turned from a two- or three-mile excursion loaded with this kind of game. Mr. Leavitt, in describing the con- duct of these men, says : "They inflicted much more se- verity, insult, and distress upon the people of Hampden than on us, and our situation was comfortable, when compared with theirs." They left that town on the 6th of September. After Bangor was freed from the presence of the ma- rauders, the Selectmen, who had been in a very unusual situation and had acted in the emergency as their judg- ment dictated, aided by that of other prominent citizens, issued the following : Whereas the Selectmen of Baingor are, by the change of circumstances in this town, placed in a very critical and responsible situation; and whereas, they feel it to be their duty, as well as their wishes and deter- mination, to comply with the promises and agreements made with the British commanders at the time of the surrender of the town; and as many questions may come before them which they wish to advise with others of the citizens of the town upon, whose judgment they rely upon, and who have the same wishes and determination with themselves, inink it their duty to appoint twelve persons from among such citizens as a Council, to meet with said Selectmen at such times as they may direct, to advise them on all matters which may come before theni_ And they accordingly appoint the following persons Counsel as afore- s^d. viz: John Barker, Charles Hammond, Jacob McGaw, Allen Oilman, Samuel E. Dutten, William D. Williamson, William Emerson, Joseph Leavitt, Amos Patten, Philip Coombs, Asa Davis, and Robert Lapish. Dated at Bangor the 6th of September, 1814. Moses Patten, Moses Patten, 1 o , . m Thomas Bradbury, j Selectmen of Bangor. The Clerk of the town of Bangor is directed to notify the persons above-named of this appointment, and to request their attendance at the Selectmen's office formerly occupied by Samuel K. Whiting, Esq., at 10 o'clock A. M. of the 7th ijistant. Bangor, September 6, 1814. Moses Patten, ) c- 1 . r n Thomas Bradbury, / Selectmen of Bangor. Pursuant to the above order to me directed, 1 have notified the above-named persons, selected as Council, to meet at the time and place and for the purposes above expressed. Bangor, September 7, 1814. Tho. Bradbury, To. Clerk. The result of the deliberations of the Council was that Amos Patten, Esq., should be despatched to Sir John Sherbrooke and Admiral Griffith with the following peti- tion : . To their Excellencies, Lieutenant General .Sir John Coape Sher- brooke, Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, Lieutenant- Governor and Commander-in-Chief over His Majesty's, the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Province of Nova Scotia, commanding a Division of His said Majesty's forces; Edward Griffith, Esquire, Rear Admiral of the White, Commanding a Squad- ron of His said Majesty's Ships of War, employed in taking possession of the eastern side of the Penobscot river and the boundary line of the. Province of New Brunswick : Your petitioners. Selectmen and Magistrates of the town of Ban- gor, on the west side of Penobscot River, respectfully represent, that on thethird day of September last, a detachment of his afore- said Majesty's troops, under the command of Lieut. Col. Henry John and a squadron of his Majesty's ships of war, under the command of Lieut. Col. Henry John and a squadron of his Majesty's ships of war under command of Capt. Robert Barry, appeared at said Bungor, and that a flag of truce from the Se- lectmen of said town met said commanders and possession of said town was unconditionally surrendered to his said Majesty's arms, and an as- surance given by said Lieut. Col. John and Capt. Barry that the private property of the citizens thereof, except ships and vessels, should be re- spected; that when the troops entered the town, quarters and provisions were demanded and with all possible speed supplied ; that an order was issued by said Commanders requiring that no liquors should be sold or given to the men, arid that in obedience thereto all the stores and shops were within twenty minutes after the issuing of said order shut, and all the taverns prohibited furnishing said men with spirituous h- qiiors; that unfortunately, however, at the same time Capt. Barry was giving his order aforesaid, Lieut. Symms, of the Bulwark, made a de- mand upon a merchant of said town for a pipe of brandy, which, as an officer demanded it, was delivered without ceremony, rolled into the street, put on tap, and, under the direction of said officer, served out in buckets to the men. Capt. Barry, seeing the brandy thus serving out, supposed his order treated with contempt, ordered another Lieut, of the navy to go through the town, open the stores and destroy all the liquors he could find, Capt. Barry himself at the same time destroying all the liquors in the tavern where he then was. Before this mistake was discovered and the last order countermanded, six stores were opened, and not only the liquors therein destroyed, but nearly all the property therein plundered by the sailors, whereby property to the amount of six thousand dollars was lost to the owners. That the arms of the people of the town were demanded and surrendered, and every demand by said Commanders made was promptly complied with, not- withstanding which private property from stores and dwelling-houses was plundered to the amount of some thousands of dollars besides that above-mentioned; said Commanders burnt or carried away the fol- lowing vessels, viz : one brig lying afloat, hull complete; the hull of on- ship; one ditto, finished in part; two brigs nearly completed; and the frames of two small vessels upon the stocks, said Commanders deter- mined to burn; but as they stood among our buildings, the burning them would have involved our little village in one general conflagration; wherefore your petitioners supplicated said Commanders that they would not burn said vessels on the stocks. They would consent to spare them on no other condition within our power to perform, than that of executing to them a bond in thq penal sum of tljirty thousand dollars. 566 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. conditioned that said vessels on the stocks should be delivered at Cas- tine before the first day of November then next. It being then stated to Capt. Barry that it was impossible to comply with the condition of said bond, he replied that it was indifferent to him whether the ships were delivered or not, because, if they were not, he should file the bond before the Commissioners who should treat for peace as a claim against the United States. Upon this the bond was executed. The inhabitants of Bangor, for thesupply of the forces aforesaid, at the demand of the Commanders, and by the plunder of the sailors afore- said, furnished in articles of provisions, shoes, boots, etc., $i,ooo, for which not a cent was paid. Nine horses, saddles, and bridles were also furnished by loan to said Commanders and their officers, with a promise that they should be returned, six of which were, obtained from Hampden and Castine with much trouble, and three were never re- turned, though requested at Castine. One other horse Colonel John claimed as captured— that we do not include in the above. Now, may it please your Excellencies, we have confided to Amos Patten, Esquire, one of the Magistrates of Bangor, this our petition, who will represent our distressed case and condition to your Excel- lencies. And we respectfully submit to the consideration of your Ex- cellencies, the question, whether according to the usages of war among civiUzed nations, the foregoing facts being taken fully into view, it would not be consistent and proper, as well as humane and honorable, that the bond aforesaid should be given up or cancelled. We would beg leave further to represent, that as soon as the Commanders afore- said returned from Bangor to Castine, a delegation of five of our magistrates waited on your Excellencies with an expectation of a full hearing on this subject at that time when all parties were present, but unfortunately your Excellencies were then on the eve of departure for Halifax, and in the hurry of that particular period, our case could not be fully taken up or understood. One of your Excellencies remarked that you would be at Castine again in two or three weeks; therefore Ve waited until the arrival of your proclamation of September 21, when we delegated two of our Magistrates to wait on Hon. Major-General Gosselin and your Agent, Captain Owen, both of whom expressed much feeling and regret at the hardship of our case, but could do no more for us than to say they thought the vessels aforesaid might be ransomed at the sum of five thousand nine hundred dollars, and the bond thereby cancelled, and submit the same to your Excellencies for consideration, advising us to petition your Excellencies for further clemency ; our said Magistrates at the same time assuring the General and the Captain, that the ability of our village was incompetent to the payment of so great a sum ; an assurance which we most conscientious- ly reiterate, and which sum we verily believe to be more than twice as much as their owners can obtain for said vessels, or make them worth under the present unpromising aspect of peace — a peace which we sincerely hope Divine Providence, in his infinite mercy, will speedily bestow upon the two nations. Most cordially reciprocating the desire, expressed by your Excellen- cies to the delegation from Bangor at Castine, that so long as his Majesty retains possession of the Eastern bank of the Penobscot, har- mony and good understanding may prevail on the banks of said river between his Majesty's troops and subjects and the citizens of the United States, we respectfully subscribe ourselves your Excellencies' humble servants." Mr. Amos Patten, in behalf of Bangor, and Mr. John Crosby, in behalf of Hampden, were dispatched to Hali- fax to procure at least a commutation of the penalties that had been imposed by Barrie and John.- After read- ing the petition from Bangor and a full statement of the case by Mr. Patten, Sir John Sherbrooke communicated to him that the people of Bangor could have their choice of four conditions, viz: To destroy the vessels, deliver them at Castine in the spring, dispose of them at public sale and distribute the proceeds among the captors, or pay the penalty of the bond. No other concession would he make to Bangor; and he would make no concession at all to Hampden. Messrs. Patten and Crosby were absent six weeks. They returned in December with the British Governor's ultimatum, and the people made up their minds to make the best of their calamities. But other agents were busy in making such comprehensive ar- rangements of the difficulty between the American and British Governments, that no further care was necessary in regard to the bonds. The treaty of Ghent was con- cluded on the 24th of December, and reached Annerica on the nth of February. Castine was evacuated on the 25th of April, i8i'5, and the bonds by these events be- came of no effect. A part of the vessels at Hampden, for which the bond of that town was given, however, were taken by the British, but the peace came too late for the relief of the owners of them, although the relief it afforded to the people was incalculable. Rear- Admiral Griffith left Castine on September 12, 1 8 14, with Sir John Sherbrooke and half thetropps in seven or eight ships, and sailed for Machias, where there was a fort and a garrison of fifty United States soldiers under Captain Leonard. There were mounted at this fort ten twenty-four pounders. There were not sufficient troops to resist the British force with effect, therefore the fort was blown up and nearly all the guns were destroyed, and the garrison retreated westward, taking at Frankfort twelve Englishmen prisoners (of a party sent from Castine to capture a cargo of cocoa), whom they carried with them to Salem. They also retook fifty muskets and re- stored them to the citizens. Half of the British troops were left at Castine, under General Gosselin. Rear-Admiral Milne was in command of the ships that remained. Half the county between the Penobscot and St. Croix was held as conquered ter- ritory, but by the proclamations of Lieutenant General Sherbrooke the people were permitted to enjoy their own law and to attend their customary avocations, provided they submitted peacefully to the British domination; and assurances were given that provisions and supplies for the troops would be paid for. During the winter the officers iri Castine devoted them- selves to pleasure as well as business. They extempo- rized amusements of various kinds, chief among which were theatrical representations. The place was much resorted to as a market, and the business of supplying the troops was quite profitable to the Americans. A special session of the Legislature convened on Oc- tober 5, to make provision for the public need of the people who had been deprived of their American privi- leges. The November term.of the Court of Common Pleas was adjourned from Castine to Bangor, in January; all deeds were to be recorded at Bangor or Augusta, and all commitments were to be made at Augusta. James Campbell, a Senator from Washington County, and Mar- tin Kinsley, a senator from Hancock, had signed a sub- mission as prisoners of war, and it was made a question whether they could exercise the functions of Senators under such circumstances. General Burgoyne's course was referred to as a precedent. After he was captured he returned to England and took his seat in Parliament. The Senators were not disturbed. It was determined that the State make no effort to remove the British forces from Castine, as the benefit would not be commensurate with the sacrifice that would attend such an attempt. Eye-witnesses have preserved accounts of what came under their observation during the visit of the British. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 567 One who was in the battle said that the line of Blake's militia was upon the pitch of the hill below the academy in Hampden, its left being nearly on the bank of the river and its right on the road; that the fog was so dense that a man could be seen only at a very short distance, and this, with the smoke from the British guns, which was blown by a southerly wind directly into the faces of our men, almost wholly concealed the advancing foe until they were nearly upon them; that he was made a prisoner and kept fourteen hours in the guard-house in Bangor, near Dr. Fiske's store. Another said that he first saw the redcoats through a break in the fog on the opposite side of Pitcher's Brook, coming down from the Lower Corner; that after they crossed the Brook they deployed to the right and left in . coming up the hill; that our cannon fired three rounds each, and he heard a great outcry among the British on the west side of the road, behind a board fence, as if men were killed or wounded, and that it was said that a British captain, who had been in forty pitched battles, was killed; that our force was only six hundred men, while the British force was eight hundred; that the ensign of his company was wounded; that one Oakes, who had been taken by the British, on attempting to escape when the action began, was shot down by them; that a Mr. Reed and others were standing by the Loud house in Orrington, looking upon the British war vessels as they were coming up the river, and being seen were shot at from the vessels; that Reed directed all to lie down on the east side of the house, which they did, and he with them, but his shoulder was raised above the underpin- ning, when a 32-pound shot passed through the house on a level with the floor and took off the exposed shoulder, killing Reed instantly; that the Adanis men fired from their battery on the hill near Crosby's Wharf, and cut in two a British barge that was passing up near Ram Island, and destroyed the crew. Another said that he was a fifer; that his position was about midway between the right and left of the militia; that he recollected Colonel Grant and Major Chamber- lain, and the latter was very brave; that after the flight he found himself at Mr. Lane's, where the women and chil- dren were, and Colonel Grant came there in great trepi- dation and told him and the other soldiers who were with him that soldiers were not safe there, and they kept on with the Colonel five miles further, where there was no sign or sound of an Englishman. Another said of John Wilkins, then a resident of Or- rington (who was for many years in offices of trust before and afterward), that when it was understood that the British were coming, he took his gun and went to a bluff ' on the river for three days successively, to pick off the men on board the vessels ; that he was a fine shot (he had seen him on horseback shoot a partridge), and a man of pluck. It happened, however, that it was foggy when the vessel passed the bluff, and he missed his prey; that afterward he mounted a white horse and rode up the road, and when near Brewer village he was seen and shot *t- Upon this he dismounted and led his horse all the way to Bangor. -Seeing that he was a lame man, the British expended no more ammunition upon him, prob- ably deeming it hardly creditable to shoot a cripple. This observer said that a crowd of people were standing near the liberty pole in Orrington, and were seen by the British as they passed, and were fired upon by them, whereupon they cut down the liberty-pole. Another said that he boarded with Edward Sargent, who occupied the house owned by Hon. Amos M. Roberts when he died, which he was building on State Street, in Bangor; that he carried his sword and equip- ments horne and hid them in the rear of the house, and that one of the Selectmen came to him in a state of great excitement and inquired what he had done with his sword. When he told him, he replied: "What do you mean by that ? do you want the town burnt over our heads? Go at once and get it, that it maybe surren- dered to the British." As he did not want to be the cause of such a catastrophe, he complied. That a great rnany personal and domestic articles were plundered from the houses, and, after the enemy left, the toll-house at Kenduskeag Bridge was m'ade a depository for such as were recovered, and a great many men's, women's, and children's garments of all sorts were left there; that a vessel just launched by the Pattens was started for Cas- tine, and grounded. The officer in charge ordered it to be fired, and it was done. Several of the citizens pro- posed to cut a hole in her, that a portion of her timbers might be saved, but Mr. Moses Patten would hot permit it, lest some might be shot by the enemy. Another, who lived among the Holden hills, said the explosion of the "Adams" made a noise like thunder, and the earth there was felt to tremble as if shaken by an earthquake. The remains of the ship lay upon the beach inside the "Long Wharf" at Hampden for several years, and the copper nails that were mixed with the gravel were a great temptation to the boys to make frequent visits to that locality. BRITISH ACCOUNTS RELATING TO THE AFFAIR AT HAMPDEN. The following extract from a private letter dated Cas- tine, September 9, 18 14, was received at Halifax a few days after the return of the British from Bangor: I shall not trouble you with an account of our voyage. Our Flank Companies have just returned from Hampden, a small town about 30 miles from this; at which place the enemy's ship, the Adams, and sev- eral valuable merchant vessels lay secure, as they thought. Hearing of our advance, they blew up the Adams, after taking out all her guns; with which they erected a very strong battery on a wharf commanding the river, and another battery on the hill directly above it ; in both there were upwards of 30 pieces of cannon and more than 2,000 men, pouring grape and canister shot upon our brave fellows, who only waited to give them a few volleys, then charged — and the Yankees ran in every direction. Our loss is but small — i soldier and i sailor killed; I captain and 5 or 6 soldiers wounded. The Battalion Companies of the 29 Regt. have gone, under col. Pilkington, to Machias. Among the prisoners we took a general Blake, who commanded the fort on the hill at Hampden; but captain Morris, of the Adams, made his escape. Sir John Sherbrook's report of his proceedings at Pe- nobscot is contained in the following dispatch to the Admiralty: S68 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Downing St., Oct. 9, 1814. Major Anderson has arrived with the following despatch from Lieut. Gen. Sherbrook, dated Castine, at the entrance to the Penobscot, September 18. My Lord— I have now the honor to inform your Lordship that after closing my despatch on the26th ult., in which I mentioned my intention of proceeding to the Penobscot, Rear Admiral Griffith and myself lost no time in sailing from Halifax with such a naval force as he deemed necessary, and the troops as per margin,* to accomplish the object we had in view. Very early in the morning of the 30th we fell in with the Rifleman sloop-of-war, when Captain Pearse informed us that the United States frigate Adams had got into the Penobscot; but from the apprehension of, being attacked by your cruisers if she remained at the entrance of the river, she ran up as high as Hampden, where she had landed her guns and mounted them on shore for her protection. On leaving Halifax it was my original intention to have taken posses- sion of Machias on my way hither; but on receiving this intelligence, the Admiral and myself were of opinion that no time should be lost in proceeding to our destination, and we arrived here very early on the morning of the ist instant. The fort of Castine, which is situated upon a peninsula of the eastern side of the Penobscot, near the entrance of that river, was summoned a little after sunrise; but the American officer refused to surrender it, and immediately opened a fire from four twenty-four-pounders upon a small schooner that had been sent with Lieutenant-Colonel NichoUs (com- manding the Royal Engineers) to reconnoitre the work. Arrangements were immediately made for disembarking the troops; and before a landing could be effected, the enemy blew up his magazine, and escaped up the Majetaguadous River, carrying off in the boats with them two field-pieces. As we had no means of ascertaining what force the Americans had on this peninsula, I landed a detachment of Royal Artillery, with two rifle companies of the Sixtieth and Ninety-eighth Regiments, under Colonel Douglass, in the rear of it, with orders to secure the isthmus, and to take possession of the heights which command the town; but I soon learned that there were no regulars at Castine, except the party which had blown up the magazine and escaped, and that the militia which were assembled there had dispersed immediately on our landing. Rear-Admiral Griffith and myself next turned our attention to obtain- ing possession of the Adams, or, if that could not be done, to destroy- ing her. The arrangements for this service having been made, the Rear- Admiral entrusted the execution of it to Captain Barrie, Royal Navy, and as the co-operation of a land force was necessary, I directed Lieu- tenant-Colonel John, with a detachment of artillery, the flank com- panies of the Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety-eighth Regi- ments, and one rifle company of the Sixtieth, to accompany and co- operate with Captain Barrie on this occasion; but as Hampden is twenty- seven miles above Castine, it appears to me a necessary measure of pre- caution, .first, to occupy a post on the western bank, which might aflord support, if necessary, to the force going up the river, and at the same time prevent the armed population, which is very numerous to the southward and westward, from annoying the British in their operations on the Adams. Upon inquiry I found that Belfast, which is upon the highroad lead- ing from Hampden to Boston, and which perfectly commands the bridge, was Hkely to answer both these purposes, and I consequently directed Major-General Gosselin to occupy that place with the Twenty- ninth regiment, and to maintain it till further orders. As soon as this was accomplished, and the tide served, Rear-Admiral Griffith directed Captain Barrie to proceed to his destination, and the remainder of the troops were landed that evening at Castine. Understanding that a strong party of mihtia from the neighboring township had assembled at about four miles from Castine, or the road leading to Bluehill, I sent out a strong patrole on the morning of the 2d, before daybreak. On arriving at the place I was informed that the mihtia of the county had assembled there on the alarm-guns being fired at the fort at Castine upon our first appearance, but that the main body had since dispersed and returned to their respective homes. Some stragglers were, however, left, who fired upon our advanced guard, and then took to the woods; a few of whom were made prisoners. No intelligence having reached us from Captain Barrie on Saturday night, I marched with about seven hundred men and two light field- •First Company Royal Artillery, two rifle companies of the Seventh Battalion, Sixtieth Regiment, Twenty-ninth, Sixty-second, and Ninety- eighth Regiments. pieces on Buckstown,* at 3 o'clock on Sunday morning, the 4th instant, for the purpose of learning what progress he had made, and of afford- ing him assistance if required. This place is about fifteen miles higher up the Penobscot than Castine, and on the eastern bank of the river. Rear-Admiral Griffith accompanied me on this occasion, and as we had reason to believe that the light guns which had been taken from Castine were secreted in the neighborhood of Buckstown, we threat- ened to destroy the town unless they were delivered up, and the two brass three-pounders on travelling carriages were in consequence brought to us in the course of the day, and are now in our possession. At Buckstown we received very satisfactory accounts of the success which had attended the force employed up the river. We learned that Captain Barrie proceeded from Hampden to Bangor ; and the Admiral sent an officer in a boat from Buckstown to communicate with him, when finding there was no necessity for the troops remaining longer at Buckstown, they marched back to Castine the next day. Having ascertained that the object of the expedition up the Penobscot had been attained, it was no longer necessary for me to occupy Bel- fast ; I, therefore, on the evening of the 6th, directed Major-General Gosselin to embark the troops and join me here. Machias being the only place now remaining where the enemy had a post between Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Bay, I ordered Lieu- tenant-Colonel Pilkington to proceed with a detachment of Royal Ar- tillery and the Twenty-seventh Regiment to occupy it; and as naval as- sistance was required, Rear-Admiral Griffith directed Captain Parker, of tTie Tenedos, to co-operate with Lieutenant-Colonel Pilkington on this occasion. On the morning of the gth , Captain Barrie, with Lieutenant-Colonel John and the troops which had been employed with him up the Penob- scot, returned to Castine. It seems the enemy blew up the Adams, on his strong position at Hampden being attacked ; but all his artillery, two stand of colors, and a standard, with several merchant vessels, fell into our hands. This, I am happy to say, was accomplished with very little loss on our part; and your Lordship will preceive, by the return sent herewith, that the only oflicer wounded in this affair is Captain Gell, of the Twenty-ninth Grenadiers. Signed, J. C, SHERBROOK. . The following papers are of interest as part of the his- tory of the British occupation: Proclamation by Lieutenant-General Sir John C. Sherbrook, K. B., commanding a body of His Brittanic Majesty's land forces, and Edward Griffith, Esq., Rear-Admiral of the White, commanding a squadron of His Majesty's ships, now arrived in the Penobscot. This is to notify unto all whom it may concern, that the municipal laws, as estabhshed by the American Government for the maintenance of peaice and tranquillity in that part of the District of Maine lying be- tween the Penobscot River and Passamaquoddy Bay, will continue in force until further orders ; and the civil magistrates are permitted to execute the laws as heretofore, and shall be supported in so doing. By command, T. F. Addison, Military Secretary. Charles Martyk, Naval Secretary. 5th September, 18 r4. General Post-office, September 26, 1814. Sundry Post-offices in the District of Maine being possessed or under the control of the public enemy, and it being possible that others may be in the same situation, it is hereby ordered that the Postmaster (at the nearest safe post-office to those offices so possessed or con- trolled by the enemy) detain, open, and account for the mails address to them in the same manner as if addressed to his own office. When- ever it shall become safe to forward mails to such Post-offices, the let- ters and papers remaining undelivered are to be remailed and forwarded immediately to their place of destination, either by special express al the expense of this office, or by the regular carrier. R.J. Meigs, Jr., Postmaster-General. Proclamation by Major-General GosseUn, commanding his Britannic Majesty's forces between the River Penobscot and the former boun- dary at New Brunswick , etc. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas, his Brittanic Majesty's forces have taken possession in full the territory lying between the same river and the boundary line of the Province of New Brunswick, including Long Island and the other islands near, and contiguous to the shores thereof; and, whereas. It nii been deemed expedient to require from the male inhabitants above ^Now Buckspon. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 569 sixteen years of age, residing within the said district, to take an oath of allegiance to his said Majesty, or an oath that they will peaceably and quietly demean and conduct themselves while inhabiting and resid- ing in the territory lying on the eastern side of the River Penobscot, or any part thereof ; and they will not carry arms, harbor British deserters, nor carry intelligence to the King's enemies, or in any respect act in any hostile manner to his Brittanic Majesty, or any of his subjects, dur- ing the present war between Great Britain and the United States of America : Know ye, therefore, that I have constituted, deputed, and by these presents do'constitute, depute, and appoint the Selectmen of Sullivan, coraraissioners to administer the oaths of allegiance, or the oath of neutrality herein before mentioned, to all such male persons inhabiting within the said district, above the age of sixteen years aforesaid, and the said commissioners are hereby enjoined and required to keep regu- lar rolls or records of all the names of such persons as shall take either of the said oaths aforesaid, to which rolls the persons taking the said oaths are to be required to subscribe their names; giving and hereby granting to the said commissioners full power and authority to perform the matters and things herein before mentioned, ratifying and confirm- ing all and whatsoever the said commissioners shall lawfully do by vir- tue hereof. Given under my name and seal-at-arms, at Castine, the 31st day of October, in the 54th year of his Majesty's reign. Anno Domini, 1814. Gerard Gosselin, Major-General Commandant. [circular.] Castine, ist November, 1814. Gentlemen: — It being deemed expedient to require the male inhab- itants above sixteen years of age, residing within the territory lying to the eastward of the Penobscot River and the boundary of New Bruns- wick, to take the oath of allegiance to his majesty or an oath of neu- trahty, I hereby enclose our authority to administer such oaths to the inhabitants of your township, with the form of the oath of neutrality, and have to acquaint that you will carry these instructions into effect as soon as possible, and report to me within one month from the date hereof, a list of such persons with tlieir places of residence, as refuse to take the oath of neutrality; that in case they do not immediately leave the country, measures may be taken to apprehend them as pris- oners of war. I am, gentlemen, your humble servant, G. Gos.SELIN, Major-General Commandant. To the Selectmen of the town of Sullivan. It may be well to note here that a great deal of patriot- ism and bravery (?) were manifested in the bar-rooms and shops after the British had disappeared. And this "bravery" expanded as the years progressed. It was not unusual to hear the remark, "If the British were to come here now, they would not get off so easily." Or, after some enthusiasm was generated by a good nautical sing- er with the popular song of the day, called "Constitution and Guerriere:"* "Let them come once more, and they'll never come again! They'll get a taste of Yankee courage that'll put their pipes out forever!" AIR. • • a ^4"^- \ « ^ s -> a \ 9 _J^ 9 9 f. • - ; '^ P P F 9 ■ \ 1^1 • m m -m ^ ■ 'l^ ■"" ,V \J \j \ 9 9 1 BASS. V * * (r\' 1 i"^ ["v !"v j^ 1 1^ l'^ ^ 1^ 1^ P |> !> i^ '^ > a m 9 m • y.4 j- ■ J • P J • • i 1 11/ ■> 17 « * 9 9 9 9* 9 9 • •**•"• 9 9 9 9^ • ^ 4 ^ ^ ^ ^_^,_^_f=fL_^ ^ ^ ^ i^j^ ^_^_^_^:|:-A-:A ^ ^ i=^:F-=]-. .-"H fe-/ ^ >^ ^ ? ^ ^* i-^=T-' i=i-*^' ^ • y ^ '^-\=i r-h-JI xjz ^ / \ .^ *-#-* -^ / — ^ -"- 1 !—-■■■ -9- -9- -9- -9- ±- ^ =_j_''_:_^_^_;i^_^=^r:_^,_^^^_^_?_f-^^=5_-.-r=a^H * As this song was in all mouths, it ought not to be permitted to die yet; therefore it has a place here: CONSTITUTION AND GUERRIERE. I often have been told that the British seamen bold Could beat the tars of France so neat and handy, O; But they never found their match till the Yankees did them catch — For the Yankee tars for fighting are the dandy, O. 0, the Guerriere so bold on the foaming ocean roU'd, Commanded by Dacres, the grandee, O, With as choice a British crew as a rammer ever drew; They could beat the Frenchmen two to one so handy, O. When this frigate hove in view, "O," said Dacres to his crew, ^ ' ' Prepare ye for action and be handy, O ; On the weather-guage we '11 get her, and to make the men fight better. We '11 give to them gunpowder and good brandy, O.'" Now this boasting Briton cries, "Make that Yankee ship your prize You can in thirty minutes do it handy, O; Or in twenty-five, I 'm sure; if you do it in a score, I will give you a double share of good brandy, O. "When prisoners we 've made them, with switchel we will treat them, We'll welcome them with Yankee Doodle dandy, O; " O, the British balls flew hot, but the Yankees answered not. Until they got a distance that was handy, O. 'O," cries Hull unto his crew, "We will try what we can do; If we beat these boasting Britons we 're the dandy, O;" The first broadside we poured bro't the mizzen by the board. Which doused the Royal Ensign quite handy^ O! O, Dacres he did sigh, and to his officers did cry, "O, I didn't think the Yankees were so handy, O;" The second told so well that the fore and mainmast fell; That made this lofty frigate look quite handy, O. 'O," says Dacres, "we're undone," so he fires a lee gun, And the drummers struck up Yankee Doodle Dandy, O! When Dacres came on board, to deliver up his sword, He was loth to part with it, it look'd so handy, O. 'You may keep it," says brave Hull; "What makes you look so dull? Have you drank too much of vour brandy, O?" O Britons, now be still, since we've hook'd you in the gill; Don't boast upon your Dacres the grandee, 0! 57° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. CHAPTER IX. Town Officers of 1815—Tythingmen— Desecration of Lord's Day— In- temperance— Profanity— Money raised — Ttie Schools — Benjamin Bussey— Gives a Ball to the First Religious Society— Anecdote of him —Court House occupied as a Place of Worship— First Sunday School —Charles Hanan; his death— The Court House— A high Quarrel— Tythingman's Association — First Newspaper in Bangor — Peter Edes— Anecdote of him— Attempt to Court-martial— General Blake's failures— Court-martial of Colonel Grant etal., 1816— Town Officers- Appropriations— Vote on Separation of State— Fire Company— An- nual Meeting and Dinner— The Moral Society- Public Sentiment- Extreme Cold and Snow in June— Murder of Knight— Arrest and Trial of Peol Susep— John Neptune's Speech— Susep Convicted of Manslaughter— Afterwards Becomes Insane— Advertisement— Judy Brown's Advertisement — Philanthropic Movement of Ladies — Sur- vey of the River— Penobscot a Half Shire — Its Officers — Zadock Davis — Captain John Perkins Packet — Dr. Dickinson Comes — Cap- tain Isaac Hutch — Anecdote of him— Proceedings for Separation — Mr. Leavitt a Delegate — Greenleaf's Map of Maine — Phenomenon —Military and Religious— The Goodrich Affair— Joseph Carr Ap- pointed Inspector of Customs. 1815-1816. At the annual meeting Moses Patten^ Joseph Carr, and William Rice were made Selectmen : James Bartlett, Town Clerk; Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; Harvey Loomis, Samuel E. Button, Jacob McGaw, Eliashib Adams, Superintend- ing School Committee, and twenty-eight Tythingmen were elected, all of whom, excepting William Hasey, John Ham, Abner Taylor, and Francis Carr, Jr., were qualified, while the number of Hog-reeves was reduced to five. Men had, by reason of that laxness in morals always consequent upon war, become more wicked than swine. "Many excellent essays were written, sermons delivered, and at length an additional statute passed to check the profanation of the Lord's day. Tythingmen in towns were multiplied, and only those chosen who were expected to do their duty. The intemperate use of ardent spirits was another prevailing sin. Equally lamentable and, perhaps more heinous, was the increas- ing profaneness in conversation."* Great exertions were made to effect a reform. The then future historian of Maine was one of the Tythingmen who qualified, and must be supposed to have done his duty. The moneys raised this year were $goo to pay debts and current expenses; $250 for the Bridge Company; $700 for Mr. Loomis's salary; $600 for schools; $950 for highways. A vote was passed that no scholar be admitted into a marl's school who was not qualified to read in a class. A committee, consisting of Mr. Williamson, Mr. Loomis, and Eliashib Adams, was appointed to prepare a plan for the better regulation of the schools, and for the appropri- ation of the school moneys. They reported that there were in Districts i and 2 about 250 scholars, — a large number for three schools, — that a third of them, at least, ought to be under the tuition of a master qualified to teach the ordinary and higher branches of education and the languages, while the two other schools might be made the instruction of mistresses; that the master's school should be supported principally by subscription, but each scholar be entitled to draw his school money; and that in each of the other three districts a third of the school * Williamson's History of Maine, II„ 660. money should support a school taught by a female in the summer and two-thirds for a master in the winter. The report was adopted. Mr. McGaw resigned as committee of the Second District, and Philip Coombs was substituted. The vote adopting the report was re- considered at an adjourned meeting April 3d. The taxes on the vessels burnt by the British, assessed in 1814, were abated. Columbia and Cross streets were accepted. Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Roxbury, who was a large proprietor of lands in Bangor and neigh- borhood, gave Mr. Loomis's Society a fine-toned bell, that could be heard at the distance of five miles in favorable weather, weighing one thousand and ninety-five pounds. It was put into the belfry of the Court-house, at the corner of Hammond and Columbia streets, which was used by that Society as a church, in July of this year ; and one of the votes of the town was that the Selectmen employ some person to ring it at certain hours of each day. In passing, it may not be amiss to repeat an anecdote of Mr. Bussey, which is recorded by Professor Shepard. He belonged to the class denominated Liberal Christians. He liked Mr. Loomis as a man and a gentleman, and socially was on very good tertns with him. Calling upon him at one time, he said : "I don't believe your doctrine of future damnation, Mr. Loomis, myself; but it is just what is wanted by the villains who steal my timber. Go on and preach it, and I will give you a hundred acres of land to begin with." "A good speculator," the learned Doctor adds, "for he knew that his other hundred acres would be nearly doubled in value, if Mr. Loomis's doctrine could be put into the hearts of the people."* The votes for Governor were for Caleb Strong, 65 votes ; for Samuel Dexter, 46. William D. Willliamson had 41 votes for Senator and Counsellor, against 62 for Benjamin Hasey. Jacob McGaw and Martin Kinsley were also candidates, the former having 13 votes, and the latter 3 votes. John Wilson had 56 votes for Repre- sentative to Congress ; James Carr, 46. Amos Patten had 50 votes for Representative to the Legislature, and was declared elected; Jacob McGaw had 32 votes; Joseph Carr, 4 ; Nathaniel Burrill, i. The First Congregational Society occupied the Court- house as a place of worship for the first time in the sum- mer of 1813. Its first meetings were in the Hadlock House, which stands in the northerly angle of York and Exchange streets. It was in a store-rooin of this build- ing that Deacon Boyd, Deacon Adams, and Miss Martha Allen, at the instance of Mrs. Jacob McGaw, com- menced the first Sabbath-school in town, early in the summer of 1814. The number of scholars at first was eight or nine. Deacon Adams was Superintendent, and, with others, continued the school there until the autumn of 1815.1 But Mr. Loomis was ordained in Union Hall. The pulpit was a table with a chair. The seats were of rough plank. -Notwithstanding the ardor with which the town *Sermon on the Religious History of Bangor. {Autobiography of EUashib Adams, 63. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 571 commenced making arrangements for putting it in a proper condition for public worship, there was a sudden abate- ment of zeal in the people. But during nearly two years the society worshipped in it as fervently and sincerely, no doubt, as it ever did afterwards in a more elegant house. The attendance on Mr. Loomis's ministrations, in good weather, numbered from one hundred and fifty to two hundred. Mr. Leavitt says that this year (181 5) there appeared to be " a general awakening and a serious at- tention to religion" in the society, and expressed the wish that it mighc " prove sincere and effectual to the conver- sion of many, nay all." On the 13th of April Charles Hammond died. He had been an enterprising and prominent citizen. Was born in Newton, Massachusetts, September 6, 1779, and was a brother of William Hammond. He purchased lot No. 70, Holland's plan, which extended from the stream at a point nearly opposite the head of Mercantile Row to the north of Thomas's Hill, and included the City Hall lot, being bounded on its easterly side by the Ken- duskeag. The City Hall lot proper he contracted to . sell to proprietors. It was divided into sixty shares, which were not all conveyed at the time of his death. His administrator, Moses Patten, conveyed several of them afterward under a special act of the Legislature. Mr. Hammond was captain of the Bangor Artillery Com- pany, which he 'was instrumental in raising, and held several offices of trust in town. He left a widow, who afterward became the wife of Caleb C. Billings. Mr. Leavitt, in recording his death, added : " The brightest ornament we have in point of talent and usefulness." A quarrel commenced in the early part of the season ' between two of the leading men of the town in relation to some brandy of which they were joint proprietors. It was stored in the cellar of one of them, and when they were making arrangements for a division the other charged the " one " with watering it, which was denied. The quarrel grew bitter. The "one" pulled the nose of the other, whereupon the other procured an indictment against the "one" for watering the brandy. The case was tried before the Court of Common Pleas in April. After a long examination, the testimony being insufficient, the "one" was acquitted. Both the parties, with their families, being of the first respectability, there was much excitement among them, as well as interest in the com- munity. A brother-in-law of the "otje" called the other a rascal and names of similar import not agreeable to him, and the latter being a man of deliberation, determination, and some vindictiveness, proceeded to get his revenge within the pale of the law for the slander, and recovered $500 of the brother-in-law. This, however, he offered to remit if an apology were made. This was refused, and the father of the mulcted person paid it. Mr. Leavitt says of the original parties, the one is " of high standing m point of property, and so in the opinion of many who have dealt much with him;" the other "is" of unexcep- tionable character in point of honesty. Both my friends." This year there was organized, by the Tythingmen, an association for bettering the morals of the town, called " The Bangor Moral Society and Tythingmen," which proceeded to business. Deacon William Boyd was its President. The object was to enforce the " laws against vice, and more particularly against profane swearing and Sabbath-breaking." The members were zealous. They patroled the streets on Sunday to see that it was not pro- faned by unnecessary perambulationj and it is said "rep- rimanded, among others, citizens who happened to be abroad, that were as much opposed to the violation of the Sabbath as themselves." The perversity of man was manifested now, as usual when there is an undue at- tempt to enforce sumptuary laws, "the old offenders renewed their old practices," boys were slyly coasting upon their sleds and skating during public worship, while the older irreverent class looked on approvingly. In this year an enterprise was commenced in Bangor which has never been discontinued, and which has been of more benefit to its citizens in many respects than any other. On the 25th of November Peter Edes issued from his printing-office the first number of the first news- paper that was ever published in Bangor, called Bangor Weekly Register. Mr. Edes was the son of Benjamin Edes, a newspaper publisher and printer in Boston. He had published successfully the Kennebec Intelligencer, Gazette and Herald of Liberty, in Augusta, since 1795, at a loss; and with the hope of better success in the new town upon the Penobscot, which was becoming known, he made up his mind to remove thither. He employed Mr. Ephraim Ballard, with his team of six oxen, to re- move his press and types, which weighed about four tons. The roads were next to impassable, but in the course of three weeks the four tons of material were taken to Ban- gor at an expense of $143. The I^ennebec bridge was so frail a structure that the whole could not be taken over at one time.* . The population of Bangor at this period was about one thousand. Mr. Edes had reason to believe that his paper would meet with reasonable encouragement. He was an ardent Federalist, and had been threatened with personal violence on account of his sometime exhibitions of fervor. Experience had convinced him that it would be better to pursue a more conciliatory course in his new location; he therefore made his paper the organ of no party. As Mr. Edes was a printer and publisher merely, and unable to employ what is now so important to a newspaper, an editor, his editorials were few and far be- tween. But there were persons in the town who assisted him by their contributions. The separation of Maine from Massachusetts had been long agitated; and now its friends, having an opportunity to express their views, used the columns of the Register very freely. But Mr. Edes did not meet with the encouragement he anticipa- ted. He expected subscribers in Buckstown, Castine, and Belfast, but the people of these places had begun to foster feelings of jealousy towards the upstart town away up at the head of the tide that thought itself equal to a newspaper, and they were not disposed to lend it any as- sistance. About two years' experience with the Register was sufficient for Mr. Edes. He then disposed of the establishment to James Burton, Jr., from Augusta. In * North's History of Augusta, 385. 572 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. taking leave of his patrons he said that, although he had occasionally appeared to complain of want of patronage and punctuality, yet he felt a pleasure in acknowledging "that for such a period of profound peace and tranquilli- ty throughout the world, the paper had received a decent support." Mr. Burton wanted seventy-five new sub- scribers to enable him to renew the publication of the Register. Subscription papers were left with Messrs. Williamson, Button & Hill, and Hill & McLaughlin, and Mr. Burton was enabled to renew the publication of the paper December 25, 181 7. Mr. Edes took up his con- nection with it on the 23d of August previous. Mr. Edes was small in stature, industrious, possessed of energy, and was much respected in Bangor. He con- tinued the fashion of small clothes and long stockings pretty late, and having thin legs and being unused to artificial calves, the fashion was not altogether becoming to him. His residence in Bangor being during the Tylh- ingmen's reformatory era, he had some experiences which were not agreeable. James Orrock, his appren- tice, was one of the Sabbath-breaking boys, and became the subject of legal discipline. Mr. Edes in a letter says: "You must know the people are very strict on this day, and will not let men walk out, much less boys. James was strolling about and was ordered home by the tythingmen; but he would not obey them. A complaint was lodged against me on the next day, and I should have been obliged to pay a fine had not Judge Button pleaded in my behalf that I did not approve of such conduct, and so got clear." Mr. Edes afterwards resided in Baltimore, Maryland, with Benjamin Edes, his son. He spent his last 'days in Bangor, however, with his daughters, Mrs. Rider and Mrs. Michael Sargent. He died March 29, 1840, at the age of eighty-three. Some of the fugacious Hampden multitude, mortified by the reproach that was cast upon them for the result of the "Hampden Battle" (which no one, acquainted with the quality and equipment of the three or four hundred raw militiamen got together there to oppose the war- worn British regulars, could have expected to be other- wise), earnest for a scapegoat to bear the whole stigma of the catastrophe, procured a Court of Inquiry, to deter- mine whether a Court-martial should not declare the commanding General, John Blake, to be the one. Ac- cordingly on May 15, 18 15, orders were issued by Gov- ernor Strong for such Court of Inquiry. The result will be found in the following papers: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. General Orders— ) ' Headquarters, Boston, January 8, 1816. ( The Court of Inquiry, whereof Major-General Henry Sewall is Pres- ident, appointed by the Orders of 15th day of May last, to examine into the grounds of a complaint exhibited against Brigadier-General John Blake, of the First Brigade and Tenth Division of the militia, by Lieu- tenant-Colonel Andrew Grant and sundry other officers of the Third Regiment of said Biigade, having assembled at Bangor, conformably to said orders, and having deliberately and carefully exammed into the grounds of complaint, and the evidence adduced in support thereof, as well as that which was adduced to rebut the same, and also the writ- ten defense and replication, which are made part of the record of the case, has reported to his Excellency, the Commander-in-chief, as the opinion of the Court, which opinion he approves, "that the charges do Jiot appear to be so far supported as to render a reference of them to a Court Martial expedient or proper. " The Court of Inquiry, of which Major-General Sewall is President is dissolved. By his Excellency's command. J. Brooks, Adjutant General. There was much delay in making known the conclu- sion to which the Court had arrived, but at length the following communication reached General Blake with the foregoing orders : Adjutant General's Office, Boston, Jan. 10, 1816. Sir: I have the satisfaction now to forward to you the result of the Court of Inquiry appointed by the orders of the isth of May last; at the same time regretting that any circumstances should have occurred to occasion so tedious a delay in the publication of that result. By a com- munication I have received from Major Wilson, the Judge Advocate of the 6th Division, I learn that the delay was accidental and not to be avoided. I transmit to you at the same time thirty copies of the Orders for distribution in the loth Division, intending that every field officer and the Judge Advocate should receive one each. I am, respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, Brigadier-General John Blake. J. Brooks, Adj. Gen. A court-martial, consisting of Major-General Alfred Richardson, President, two Brigadier-Generals, four Col- onels, and six Majors, with John Wilson, Esq., as Judge Advocate, and Major A. W. Atherton (aid-de-camp of General Richardson), Marshal, assembled for the trial of Colonel Andrew Grant, of Hampden, and Major Joshua Chamberlain, of Brewer (grandfather of Gen- eral Joshua L. Chamberlain, late Governor), of the Third Regiment, First Brigade, Tenth Division, for offenses al- leged to have .been committed in presence of the enemy at Hampden, in September, 1814, and adjourned finally April 9. Major Chamberlain was honorably acquitted. 181 6. Joseph Leavitt was chosen Town Clerk this year, in place of Mr. James Bartlett, his copartner in business, whose records show him to have been a well-qualified scribe. The Selectmen of the last year were all popular enough to gain a re-election. Thomas A. Hill was made Treasurer, and Rev. Harvey Loomis, Joseph Leavitt, Al- len Gilman, and Joseph Carr, Superintending School Committee. The Tythingmen were reduced to fifteen, . and the Hog-reeves inereased to that number, "indicat- ing a growing sentiment more favorable to anthropomor- phous, and less favorable to pachydermatous, offenders." The appropriations were, for schools $1,200, for highways $1,200, for the Bridge Company $250, for Mr. Loomis's salary $800, and $600 for the support of the poor. This is the first sum ever directly raised for the poor in Ban- gor. The votes for Governor were for John Brooks, 73; Samuel Dexter, 50; William King, i. The votes for Register of Beeds were, for John Wil- kins, 42; Charles Rice, 40. For Representative to the Legislature Robert Parker 61 votes, and was elected. The town voted this year to pay the Assessors two dol- lars a day each for their services. On April i the shore road from Mt. Hope to William Thompson's, and the continuance of Broad street to a pine-tree near the ferry-way, laid out September 30, 1808, were accepted. On May 20 the town voted on the question of the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, 66 yeas, 29 nays ; Hampden, 43 yeas, 32 nays; Brewer, 36 yeas, 7 nays. The people of Bangor were proud of their fire-engine. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 573 It was a little tub, but effective, and was housed in a fif- teen by twenty-foot building, painted yellow, which stood at the corner of State and Exchange streets, near the easterly corner of the Kenduskeag bridge. In its latter days it was known as the "Old Settler." On the ist of May the Engine Company held their annual meeting at the Hatch Tavern, and with the Selectmen and other invited guests partook of a dinner in the great Hall. "The greatest unanimity and harmony prevailed, and nothing occurred to mar the pleasures of the day ; " and this sentiment, with, others, was drunk with the greatest enthusiasm: "Ourselves; should any member of our company take fire, we'll quick put him out! " On May 7 the President of "The Bangor Moral So- ciety and Tythingmen," Deacon Boyd, gave notice that the society had made its annual election of officers and entered into arrangements for enforcing the laws against vice, and more particularly those against profane swear- ing and Sabbath-breaking, and that they would be faith- fully and duly executed the ensuing year, and that the society congratulated the friends of good order and mo- rality on the favorable change effected by the successful exertions of last year. This pronunciamento of the society had a different ef- fect from that anticipated. The opposers of the move- ment came to another conclusion from that announced by the President. They alleged that the course pursued by the society had had an effect detrimental to the cause of morals ; that, prior to the erection of a house for pub- lic worship in 1812, the appearance of the village on Sunday was really degrading; disorderly boys and other persons were seen at all times of the day assembled in groups in direct violation of the Sabbath ; but from that time, like terrapins, they had drawm themselves into their shells on that day, and until this new movement its ob- servance was regarded; but now the old offenders had returned to tHfeir old practices, and the disregard of the day was becoming as bad as before. Some wag travestied Deacon Boyd's notice in the following lines : — PARAPHRASE. Tune: "Plunged in a Gulph," "O, procul este profani. " "Keep off, you race of infidels, we pious people are." The Bangor Club of moral folks, And eke the Tythingmen, Of officers our annual choice This day have made again. We '11 have them quickly quorum nob, And (if we do not fail) Our chest shall profit by the job. Or they must go to gaol. For last year's labor and success, {Which we think very great). Our orderly and moral friends We do congratulate. This privilege alone we claim. On Sabbath day to roam; While others of less pious fame ■ Must keep themselves at home. The friends of good morals at length became satisfied that their cause suffered from the undue zeal manifested in Its behalf, and discontinued the enforcement of the laws further than it could be sustained by the public sen- timent. The Bangor Athenaeum was opened this season. It was a library and reading-room. The collection of books was quite valuable; the magazines were the best of the time, and twenty-five newspapers furnished the news to the patrons of the institution. Mr. Joseph Whipple, a gentleman of taste and literary ability, who about this time commenced the publication of a History of Acadia in the columns of the Register, was instrumental in its establishment. The season was remarkable for the low state of the thermometer, etc. In June the cold was severe. A very unusual change in the temperature occurred early in that month. A warm rain commenced on the 5th and con- tinued until the afternoon of the 6th. The night was quite warm. At 3 o'clock the weather had changed, and snow fell for about an hour and a half; some of the flakes on striking the ground covered spaces two inches in diameter. It snowed again in some places on the 7th and 8th. Water froze for several nights, and on the loth the ice over puddles would bear a man. Great numbers of birds — among which were the humming bird, the yel- low bird, the marten, the scarlet bird — were so benumbed that they could be taken readily in the hand, and many perished. On the night of June 13, the community was thrown into a state of excitement by the murder of William Knight, of the firm of Knight & Lumbert, keepers of the inn at the corner of Oak and Hancock streets, by Peol Susep, an Indian of the Penobscot tribe. With an- other Indian Peol had been in the house, and both had been so noisy and troublesome from the excitement of drink that Knight put them into the street. Upon this they threw stones at the house, and Knight went out to drive them away; Peol then attacked him with a knife and stabbed him fatally. Peol admitted the stabbing, but gave as a reason that he was intoxicated. He had the reputation of being inoffensive when sober. As there was no jail yet in Bangor, and the Supreme Court was still to hold its sessions at Castine for both Hancock and Penobscot counties for several years, Susep was taken to the jail in Castine, and tried in June, 181 7. Great interest was manifested in this trial, and the crowd in attendance was so great that the court adjourned to the meeting-house. The court assigned Prentiss Mellen and William D. Williamson as counsel for the prisoner, and these gentle- men used all- their skill and eloquence in his behalf, and Solicitor-General Davis summed up in behalf of the State. After the arguments were concluded, the court gave the prisoner an opportunity to be heard if he had anything further to say. He replied that John Neptune would say something for him. Neptune, who was afterward Lieutenant-Governor of the tribe, was a tall, fine-looking individual, of dignified bearing, of much ability, and of much influence among his tribe. A reporter of the case says, "he came forward to the forum with the ease and assurance of a Cicero," and addressed the court in an impressive manner. He 574 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. claimed immunity for the prisoner on the ground that several white men, who had murdered Indians, had escaped punishment, and referred particularly to the case of one Livermore, who had been convicted and sen- tenced to death for the murder of an Indian, and whose sentence had been commuted to imprisonment for life — that he and his people were willing that Livermore should be released if Susep could be discharged. He then urged the importance of there being peaceful rela- tions between the whites and Indians, and averred that it was the sincere wish of his own tribe, and of the Pas- samaquoddy and St. John Indians to live on good terms with the Americans. Susep's wife and relatives and about thirty of the tribe were present during the trial and "behaved with the ut- most decorum." The jury retired, and in a short time returned and rendered a verdict of manslaughter, whereupon the court sentenced the prisoner to one year imprisonment in the county jail. In September, 1819, more than two years after this conviction, Peol Susep was indicted for a felonious as- sault on the prison-keeper. The jury returned a verdict that he was insane, and the court ordered him to be im- prisoned, under a statute, until he should give bond for good behavior ! Notwithstanding the coldness of the season, and the disposition of the people to remove to Ohio, there was much advertising, by the most respectable traders, of fourth-proof cognac brandy, Holland gin, Jamaica rum, St. Croix rum, Teneriffe wine, best London porter, shrub and loaf sugar, and some manifestations of humor. Mr. Tilley Brown advertised real estate in this style: The numerous individuals who for want of house-room are under the necessity of taking their repose in a perpendicular attitude, or at heads and points, or, at best, with one foot out of the window, are in- formed that a house is to be sold for part song and part cedar shingles, and at a reduced price. It would be strange indeed if some of the multitude did not make themselves cripples in their e.vertions to be first on the premises. But there were philanthropic ladies then in the town, as there are now, whose sympathies went out to the poor and unfortunate. In July they met at Mr. Philip Coombs's to organize a society "for the instruction of the children in the new settlements by means of schools." Prior to July 20th of this year, it was the practice of the inhabitants on the shores of the river from twelve to eighteen miles below Bangor to board vessels ascending the river and warn the masters of the danger attending the navigation above. This led to a survey, of the river by two shipmasters and a merchant — competent persons — and they reported twenty-one feet at low water off Button's Head, on the west side of the river. Thence to India_Point (between Central Depot and the Kendus- keag Stream, the water fell in the channel to fourteen feet at lowest ebb, the channel being narrow and not very direct. On the easterly side of the river, above Dutton's Head, is a shoal with from five to nine feet of water at low ebb. Opposite India Point, the depth is seventeen or eighteen feet in the channel; thence parallel with India street (Joppa, now Front street), it is twenty to twenty-one feet at lowest ebb, about twenty fathoms from the shore, and seventeen to twenty-one feet, to three hundred fathoms above Kenduskeag Point. The bottom of the river is in most places rocky. There is an eddy under the High Head on the Brewer side, about one hundred fathoms above Kenduskeag Point, where in one place is twenty-eight feet at low water, and the bed is an excellent sandy bottom, and several ships of from five hundred to seven hundred tons' burthen, load- ed, may lie afloat at low water. On the first Tuesday of July the first session of the Court of Common Pleas was held in Bangor under the act incorporating the county of Penobscot passed Feb- ruary 15, 18 1 6. Bangor had been made a half-shire town with Castine, February 28, 18 14, and an office for the Registry of Deeds in the northern half of the county had existed there since that time. The act incorporating the new county went into opera- tion on April i, 181 6, with the following officers, ap- pointed by the Governor r Samuel E. Dutton, Bangor, Judge of Probate; Allen Oilman, Bangor, Register of Probate; Jacob McGaw, Bangor, County Attorney; Thomas Cobb, Bangor, Clerk of the Courts; Jedidiah Herrick, Hampden, Sheriff. John Wilkins was elected Register of Deeds. There were only two towns in the county that made legal re- turns, Corinth and Levant. Mr. Wilkins was elected by twenty-six votes over Charles Rice, who had eight votes, by the legal returns. Zadock Davis, a tanner, lived at the end of the street called Joppa, and for a great number of years was honored by his fellow-townsmen with the office of keeper of the pound, which was directly opposite his establish- ment, and convenient for him to look after. It was situated on the river side of Main street, near the brook which runs under the Maine Central depot. And to Mr. Davis the great men of the town had freq«tently to resort and pay tribute for the trespass of a horse, cow, or other animal. They always found him urbane and gentle, therefore he was a popular office-holder. He it was who after the Hampden battle voluntarily performed good service for his company in hiding the guns in the woods after the famous retreat, and, involuntarily, a like good service to the enemy in revealing to them their place of concealment. But the enemy patronized him — for he was a shoe-manufacturer, as well as a tinner, and they . wanted shoes. Some came, got fitted, and marched off triumphantly, forgetting to pay; others, more considerate, paid him any price he saw fit to put upon his wares; and on the whole he was the better off for the custom. He probably fared quite as well with them as he did with his regular customers, many of whom had as poor mem- ories as the non-paying Britons. But he had a way of demanding payment of these, which was effective and not offensive. The Register was a convenient vehicle for his duns, and in this way did he use it: ■ IF THE COAT SUITS, PUT IT ON. To such as promise and don t pay, But forfeit promise-keeping, I have a word or two to say, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINK 575 And then 1 must send Gkeeting, Unless these lines soon take effect And bring yoti to your bearing, And each one comes and pays his debt, And shuns the storm preparing. And now if you'll take my advice, You'll have it cheap as dirt, sirs; You'll pay ijie promptly, if you're wise, And then you shan't be hurt, sirs. Else there'll be trouble in the camp For each delinquent debtor; Now, dear sirs, do not act the scamp. But pay, for that is better. Zadock Davi.s. Bangor, August 7, 1816. Bangor was resorted to for lumber this year from the East as well as from the West. In the three weeks next preceding August 17th, thirteen large vessels sailed from the port for Lubec with cargoes of lumber. Severa] others sailed shortly afterwards. Some enterprising person, deemmg that packeting from Bangor would be profitable, built a packet sloop which he called the Herald, to put into the business. It was launched August 13th, and was sailed by Captain John Perkins. On August 23d Joshua P. Dickinson established him- self in Bangor, and practiced in the families of the Con- gregadonal Society, whose meetings he attended. The practice was divided between him and Dr. Rich, who had been established in the town since 1806, and gave more attention to his business than to the ordinances of the church; therefore, on the arrival of the more com- plaisant physician, many left the old and employed the new one. The effect was as is usual in such cases. The Sunday-school, which was commenced in 1814, with eight scholars, had now an attendance of from sev- enty to eighty. "A worthy young gentleman and three pious and accomplished young ladies," were the teachers. Three or four classes were taught in separate apartments in the same building. The school was in session an hour and a half after the church service in the after- noon. The pupils were examined as to their knowledge . of the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, the Westminster Catechism, and taught lessons from the Scriptures. Each child was expected to repeat religious poetry — generally from Dr. Watts. The class- contain- ing the more advanced members were questioned in ref- erence to a particular chapter of the Bible which the Superintendent had designated on the preceding Sunday for reading in the week. He explained the difficult passages and closed the session with prayer. It was said of this school that it had "already become the source of much good, and gave assurance of invaluable useful- ness." On August 19 Captain Isaac Hatch died, at the age , of fifty-one. He built the Hatch tavern on Main street in iSoi, and had a store at the foot of Water street, which was afterward occupied by Perkins and Parker. Mr. Hatch's tavern was for several years the principal inn of ihe place. Besides carrying this on he gave his at- tention somewhat to trade, and consequently had deal- ings in lumber. It was then the practice to send lumber to Boston for a market, and as purchasers were sought they had their own way in regard to the survey. If a cargo of merchantable lumber was shipped from Bangor, under the' manipulation of the Boston Surveyor a con- siderable portion of it turned out to be refuse, a lower grade, and the price was regulated accordingly. Mr. Hatch had once a customer who wished him to ship to him at Boston some merchantable lumber at a certain price. As he had patronized the Captain's inn the Captain agreed to do so, and was disposed to take pains to send him as. good a quality of lumber for the price as he could afford, He went to Boston and was there when the cargo arrived, and found that lumber had ad- vanced in value. The purchaser put his surveyor upon the cargo, who set aside about half of it as " refuse." In a different state of the market the Captain might have objected, but as it was he said nothing. After the dif- ferent qualities were separated, and the customer had computed his indebtedness for the merchantable lumber, he said to Mr. Hatch that they would have the refuse surveyed. Mr. Hatch demurred. The customer in- sisted. Mr. Hatch said he had furnished him with the merchantable lumber as he had agreed ; that he had not agreed to furnish him with refuse. He would take charge of that. He did so, and obtained more for it per thousand than he had for the merchantable! The Selectmen were instructed that year to petition the Legislature to obtain the enactment of a law secur- ing all the fishing privileges in Bangor to the town. The petition for the separation of the District from Massachusetts resulted in a reference of the question by the Legislature to the people who were to hold meetings upon the 20th of May to vote upon it. The whole num- ber of votes in the District was 37,328. Only 16,894 — not half — voted. There were 10,393 yeas to 6,501 nays. Notwithstanding the people were so indifferent to the matter, the Maine Senators and most of the Representa- tives procured the passage of an act on the 20th of June, directing meetings to be held throughout the District on the first Monday of September to vote on the question, "Is it expedient that the District of Maine be separated from Massachusetts and become an independent State?" and delegates were to be chosen, equal in number to the Representatives, to meet at Brunswick on the last Monday of September to determine if a majority of five to four of the votes returned were in favor of the separation. The delegate elected in Bangor was Joseph Leavitt. He received 53 votes; William D. Williamson, 22; Allen Oilman, 18 ; Moses Patten, 10 ; Jacob McGaw, i; Amos Patten, i. The number of delegates elected at the Convention was 185. If they found that the legal majority of votes was in the affirmative, they were authorized to form a Con- stitution. Two-thirds of the delegates were favorable to the separation. The votes cast were 10,969 yeas, 10,- 347 nays. The committee of the Convention reported that "the whole aggregate majority of yeas over the nays, in the towns and plantations in favor, was 6,031 ; the whole aggregate of nays over the yeas, in the towns and plantations, opposed was 4,409 ; then as five is to four 576 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. so is 6,031 to 4,825 ; but the majority of nays is 4,409 only." The Convention accepted the report, appointed one committee to draft a constitution and another to ap- ply to Congress for admission into the Union as a State, and adjourned to the third Tuesday of December. Mr. Leavitt was appointed a member of the Committee on the Constitution, but his services were not required. The Legislature's arithmetic was different from that of the Convention. They did not see that as "five is to four, so is 11,969 to 10,357," but declared that the con- vention had misconstrued the act, and dissolved it. Our delegate thus expressed his disappointment: "Thus by much artful management of the officers and I think unfair and improper measures, and by help of the strong arm of the Government, the high, important, and bene- ficial question is put at rest — but, I hope, but for a short time." The question had been discussed at length in the Register and in other papers in the State, with consider- able vigor, not to say acrimony. But the question of separation was kftown to be only one of time. The vote of Bangor for Representative to Congress this year was : For John Wilson, 39 ; Martin Kinsley, 17; Jacob McGaw, Francis Carr, and Martin, each one vote. Mr. Kinsley was the Republican candidate, nominated on October 16 by a convention held at Tobey's tavern, in Frankfort, in pursuance of the first call for a Repub- lican or Democratic convention that ever appeared in a newspaper in the county of Penobscot. It was in the Register of September 2 ist. Moses Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, first published his map of Maine this year. A singular phenomenon occurred in October. The water in the Penobscot River, and in springs and wells in various parts of the town, was salt for several weeks. It was conjectured that the water contained one-sixteenth saline matter. The saltness of the water in the river was easily accounted for, if there was an unusual drought. That of the water in the springs and wells is more in- comprehensible. The Register said that such a circum- stance was "never before known to the oldest inhab- itant." Much attention was given to military affairs in these days, and a militia organization was deemed as important throughout the State as it is now in Massachusetts. But there were people who possessed ideas upon the subject "in advance of the times," and in expressing them some- times permitted their zeal to get the better of their dis- cretion. In October a preacher of the Methodist persuasion was addressing a congregation in a school-house in Le- vant (now Kenduskeag) on Sunday, and Colonel Trafton, who the day before (12th) had been reviewing a battalion of his regiment in Charleston, being on his return to Bangor in company with the field officers, they manifest- ed their regard for religious observances and the Lord's day by attending the meeting in costume. As may be supposed, the attention of a large part of the congrega- tion was diverted from the preacher to the military strangers, who presently found themselves shocked by a little diversion of the preacher himself in their direction, as they imagined. He warned his hearers against "the evil consequences and the dangerous tendency of those military appearances and badges of mihtary distinction that were then present in their view." After the service, one of the visitors "insulted the minister with his con- versation, and then went off without any person making him any answer." However, he had revenge, for he preached the preacher a long sermon in the Register, though it was not quite as impressive as it would have been if the result of the Hampden battle had been dif- ferent, and he had had before him a poor, war-worn sol- dier who had been wounded by the shafts of the enemy." A brief history of the first ununiformed militia of Ban- gor is embraced in the following paragraph : — After the commencement of the Revolution, the first organized militia — a company of infantry — on June 11, 1776, elected Thomas Campbell its first captain. In 1779 he removed to Brunswick, and came to Brewer in 1783. In 1785 or 1786, Robert Treat was elected cap- tain in place of Campbell, removed. Before he took command of the company he was elected Major, and James Budge was elected captain. He was honorably discharged by Governor John Hancock, at his own re- quest, and on January i, 1794, Benjamin Smith was elected to the vacancy. Captain Smith removed to Salem; and, several plantations having been annexed to the Bangor military district. Captain Edward Wilkins, cf New Charleston, 'was elected captain. Captain Elisha Mayhew succeeded Wilkins, October 21, 1805, who was honorably discharged. Captain Mayhew was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. On April 29,1811, Josiah Barker, of Exeter, was elected captain, and commanded the com- pany in 18 16. A later company of infantry was organ- ized in Bangor, and Timothy Crosby was elected its cap- tain. Captain Crosby was promoted to Major. A cause of much excitement in Bangor this year was the reported robbery of Elijah P. Goodrich. He had resided in Danvers, Massachusetts, and removed to Ban- • gor, where he opened a country store. In December he made a visit to Boston, ostensibly for the purpose of pur- chasing goods, and on his way procured $1,700 in gold from the Exeter Bank. On the 19th of December, about 9 o'clock in the evening, he passed the chain bridge at Newburyport. About an hour afterward he returned to the toll-house and reported that he had been robbed 0*' his money by three men ; that one of them seized hu horse and another demanded his money, which he prom- ised to deliver. He then opened his portmanteau and took therefrom a pistol to shoot the robber, but the rob- ber had a pistol at his breast ; that he struck it aside, and, the robber discharging it, its contents went through his hand ; that he was then dragged into an adjoining field, his handkerchief was stuffed into his mouth, and he was struck several blows. He was then robbed, and the robbers disappeared. Having obtained assistance at the bridge, he attempted to return to the place of the robbery, but, fainting on (he way, he was taken back to the bridge. After recovering, he accompanied the men HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 577 with a lantern to the place, and found his portmanteau, letters, papers, watch, $50 in bills upon the ground, and a letter containing money which a friend in Bangor had sent by him. Three men were arrested for the robbery, taken before a magistrate and discharged for want of evidence. Levi and Laban Kenniston were afterwards arrested in New- market, New Hampshire. They were both in Newbury- port on the day of the occurrence, and Goodrich, pretend- ing to have reason therefor, caused their father's house, where they lived, to be searched. The result of this search was the discovery of two doubloons with Good- rich's mark on them, in a pork barrel in the cellar; another in their father's pantaloons pocket, which were hanging up; and a bank-bill in a drawer, with a name which had been written upon it by Mr. Goodrich. The Kennistons we-e committed and tried at Ipswich in April. They were defended by Daniel Webster and Samuel L. Knapp, and after a trial of two days were acquitted. Solicitor-General Davis conducted the prosecution. Goodrich wrote to a friend in Bangor in April, saying that he had traced one of the robbers to New York, and finding a part of his money and papers upon him, had caused his arrest; that the fellow "defended himself most manfully, and one of the Marshals of the city received a severe wound in arresting him." The belief arose and gained ground that this was a case of self-robbery, and that Goodrich's motives were best known to himself, though pretty well understood "by others. He returned to Bangor and put into his store a new stock of goods. He continued for a while to do business, but finally failed and went to Norfolk, Virginia. This year Joseph Carr was appointed Inspector of the Revenue for the Port of Bangor. John Wilkins was ap- pointed Collector of the United States of the direct tax of 1816, and of the arrearages of the taxes of 1798. Mr. Leavitt launched the schooner America in Sep- tember. In October, on her first voyage to Boston, she got caught in the ice and was cut out for about three miles at Hampden. The weather was very cold this month, but the last two weeks of December were as warm and pleasant as April. CHAPTER X. Political Partie<;— Military— Mr. Loomis— Affair of the Singers— Op- position— Proposal for two Parishes — Not Agreed to — Gaol Built — • Hessian Fly— Bangor Bank Organized— James Burton takes the ' 'Register "—Agriculture Reviving. 1817. The name of Federalist had been for many years applied to the party opposed to the Administration, and that of Republican or Democrat to the party that sustained it. A writer in the Register of January 27, 1016, said that they were terms of reproach. "With one is very often associated the idea of Tory and British politics, .and with the other disorganization and French politics." Doubtless each party entertained these views of each other, and as there were few persons who did not belong either to the one party or the other, the feel- ing of reproach did not extend beyond the limits of the party that harbored it. The political parties did not permit their regard for the welfare of the country to slumber, or their virulence towards each other to abate. The Republicans nominated William D. William- son as their candidate for Senator. The Federal Repub- licans nominated Jacob McGaw. The military organizations were still active. Captain Jona. Haskins, of Hampden, of the cavalry, and Captain David J. Bent, of Bangor, of the artillery, were elected Majors. Personally attractive as Mr. Loomis was, it was too much to expect that, among such a promiscuous popula- tion as existed in Bangor, he could be popular with all, or that he could altogether avoid giving offense. In the Court House where he held his meetings there was a gallery opposite his desk, and seats were provided for a choir. Among the singers were some _ of the leading young gentlemen of the town; all of whom subsequently held oflSces of trust. One at least became Mayor of the city; others Representatives to the Legislature, and at- tained to other important positions. On one Sunday, the heat being oppressive, these gentlemen, as is not un- common with singers in a choir, after their great efforts in helping the devotions along as far as the sermon, placed themselves in comfortable positions for taking in the eloquent periods of the speaker, but, unfortunately, went to sleep, and continued in a happy state of oblivion until aroused by a reproving remark which the divine — whose forbearance had been too long taxed — directed towards them. Their pride was touched. They left the gallery and the house; and not more than two of the number ever re-entered it jvhen Mr. Loomis officiated, and only one of them permanently. Much feeling grew out of the affair in the town, and it was not difficult to organize an opposition among the non-religious and others who did not sympathize with Mr. Loomis and his people in the matter of doctrine. At the town meeting on March 10, 181 7, the opposi- tion had so much strength that the town refused to raise the customary sum for his salary; $1,200 were raised for highways; $850 for schools; $250 for the bridge compa- ny; $750 for town expenses, but nothing for preaching. At this meeting Joseph Leavitt, Moses Patten, and Joseph Carr, were elected Selectmen; Joseph Leavitt, Town Clerk; Mr. Loomis, Allen Oilman, Joseph Carr, Joseph Leavitt, Superintending School Committee; Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Town Agent. Mr. Joseph Leavitt was not in favor of raising Mr. Loomis's salary "in that way." But presently Messrs. Stephen S. Crosby, Joseph R. Lumbert, Newell Bean, Abner Taylor, Edmund Dole, Robert Parker, and Joseph Treat, requested Mr. Leavitt and the other Select- men to call a meeting "to see if the inhabitants will vote to raise the present year's salary of Rev. Mr. Loomis 578 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. according to the contract made with him," to be held on April 23, at 10 of the o'clock a. m. There Messrs. Edward Sargent, Mark Trafton, John Ham, Samuel Smith, Zebu- Ion Smith, John Harlow, Wiggins Hill, and Thomas Bradbury addressed a request to Mr. Leavitt and the otjier Selectmen to call a meeting of the inhubitants on April 28, at 9 o'clock a. m., to see if the town will take any measures or adopt any mode to divide said town into two ministerial or religious parishes, with metes and bounds, or otherwise, with equal rights and privileges, and appropriate money thereto," and "to see if the town will think it advisable to reconsider the vote passed at the annual meeting relative to the Rev. Mr. Loomis's salary." The Selectmen called the meetings as requested, and the town voted at the meeting which was to be held at 10 o'clock to raise eight hundred dollars for Mr. Loomis's salary. The vote was taken by yeas and nays, and Mr. Leavitt says the salary was raised "rather by consent," etc., etc. At the 9 o'clock meeting it was voted to di- vide the town into two parishes, and a large committee was raised to fix upon a dividing line between the par- ishes, and to report at an adjourned meeting on May 5. At that meeting a report was made which the town voted not to accept, and thus ended the matter of the two par- ishes. This year Joseph Carr received, for County Treasurer, 3 votes, John Wilkins 50, Thomas A. Hill 36. For Governor, Major-General Henry Dearborn had 67 votes, John Brooks 62, Luther H. Hills i. For Senator and Counsellor, William D. Williamson had 61 votes, Jacob McGaw 55. Mr. Williamson was elected. For Representative to the General Court, Joseph Treat had 76 votes, WiUiam Emerson 50, and Major Treat was elected. At the March term of the Court of Common Pleas, Jedediah Herrick, Moses Patten, and Joseph Treat were authorized to contract for the building of a gaol of wood, well secured with iron, and one thousand dollars were ap- propriated for the purpose, and on April 3. they adver- tised for proposals for materials and building. The jail was built. It occupied a small portion of the space oc- cupied by the present Court-house, its front being about where the front of the Court-house is. Between the jail and Hammond street stood the gaoler's house. It was a narrow two-story frame house, painted straw-color, with the front door in the center. A short distance from the left of these buildings on entering, was a high, steep gravel hill, from which the gravel— which was excellent— was taken for the streets. The top of this hill was, perhaps, twenty feet above where Court street now is, and had a large surface which was occupied many years as a burial-ground. At the northerly end, a little west of where the city stable now is, was a brick powder-house. The view from this hill was very fine. At this time one can hardly be made to understand how great a change the little piece of territory between the Court-house, the Savary House, Hammond street, and the Kenduskeag, has undergone in fifty years. Stephen Kimball, Thomas A. Hill, James Bartlett Stephen S. Crosby, and Joseph Treaty having last year applied for incorporation to build a canal from Pushaw Lake to Bangor tide-waters, and a dam across the Pushaw Stream, below Dead Stream, organized on July 12 as the "Penobscot Canal Corporation." The canalis not now in existence, if it was ever built. In July it was stated that the "Ohio fever" seemed to have received a check "by the season's pleasing pros- pect." But the "Hessian fly" made its appearance and created great alarm amongst the farmers, who feared that their wheat would be utterly devastated by the pest. During the autumn of this year Messrs. Leavitt and Bartlett put up the walls and. roof of the brick building on Washington street, now containing offices of the European & North American Railway, commenced it on September, and had the walls and roof completed Novem- ber I. The French Block of three stores, at. the corner of Ex- change and Washington streets — now also the estate of the European & North American Railway Company — was built by Zadock French about 1808. About the same time Mr. French built on the water side of Ex- change street, about half-way between Washington and Hancock streets, a long, low building which ran length- wise toward the river, called the "Still House." It was never used as a distillery, however, and hardly for any other purpose except storing. The Bangor bank was organized September 15, 1817. Samuel E. Dutton, Joseph Leavitt, John Barker, Eliashib Adams, and Thomas A. Hill were elected Directors unanimously. Mr. Dutton was elected President, and Mr. Adams Cashier. On October 20th the first deposit and discounts were made. The bank had formed a connection with Ebenezer T. Andrews, John French, and Ashur Adams, of Boston, who were the owners of four hundred shares, and were jointly and severally agents of the bank, and were to keep the bills in good credit. On December 25 Mr. James Burton, Jr., from Augusta, commenced to publish the Register. He promised to furnish the public with a good paper; that "temperate and well-written communications would not be excluded because ^they were of a Republican or Federal character, for the Register would entertain no political predilection for the one more than the other." It "would espouse the tranquil spirit of the age, and support the ingenuous character it had borne under the management of its for- mer editor." Notwithstanding the murmurings in regard to the bar- renness of Maine and the inhospitableness of its climate, yet there were those who had confidence in its fruitful- ness and faith as to its progress. Breadstiiffs were scarce in 1810, and people feared a famine and removed to Ohio. This year, under the influence of a genial sun, the hopes of the disconsolate were revived, and they dis- covered that by making an effort they could obtain from the soil food sufficient for their families and to spare; that the reason of the scarcity of breadstuffs the last year "was not that wheat would not grow, but that it HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 579 was not sown." Much was made of the fact that Mr. Daniel Hussey, on the Kennebec, raised sixty- four and a half bushels of wheat on an acre and twenty rods of ground. It had been a cattle yard for two summers be- fore, was plowed in July, 1815; cross-plowed in the fall; plowed twice in the spring of 18 16. Two and a half bushels of seed were put in. CHAPTER XI. The Register's Editorials — First Baptist Churcii Organized — Music — Successful Agriculture — Town Officers — State Election — River Fish- erics— Haty Colson — A Charitable Work Criticised — County Officers —The Court-house — The Gaol — How a Salmon was Caught —Nego- tiations with the Penobscot Indians for their Lands — Solicitor Davis's Speech — Result, the British Surrender Eastport — Commissioners of the Land Office Procure a Survey of the Indian Purchase — James Irish— Andrew Strong — Anecdotes of him — Young Ladies' Academy —Military training — Trustees — Visit of Governor Brooks — Colonel Hodsdon's Enthusiasm — Canvass for Representative to Congress — Martin Kinsley — Leonard James — Kinsley Elected — The Bussey Lands— Daniel Pike and others Shipwrecked — Rev. Mr, Loomis's Sickness — His Singular Recovery — Death of James Carr — Land Speculation. 1818. Mr. Burton's editorials were few and far be- tween in the early issues of his paper. The most im- portant bit of news on January ist was communicated semi-editorially by "Brewer," that the Eastern Argus announced that " Mr. Holmes had a new suit of clothes before he went to Congress!" On the last Friday in January the First Baptist church was organized in the "John Harlow house." The mem- bers were Nathaniel Burrill, Royal Clark, John LeGro, Edward Sargent, Thomas Bradbury, Rachel Burrill, Su- san R. Clark, Patience LeGro, Sarah Randall, Catharine Logan, and Sarah P. Burr. In the December previous, Rev. Isaac Case baptized, in the Kenduskeag Stream, Edward Sargent and Sarah Randall. It is believed 'that these wfere the first persons baptized by immersion in Bangor. The people were not yet sufficiently engrossed in the severer labors of life to be averse to the harmonizing influence of music. Allen Oilman gave notice on Janu- ary 6th that the Hancock Musical Society would meet on February 2 2d, at the dwelling-house of Rev. Jona- than Fisher, in Bluehill. William Abbott, then a leading lawyer of Castine, and perhaps Joseph Bryant, a leading merchant, and Bradford Harlow, of the same place, were promoters of it. Mr. Oilman, Mr. Abbott, Mr. Bryant, and Mr. Harlow were afterwards Mayors of Bangor. When the fact of Mr. Daniel Hussey's success in wheat-raising became known, people who had had simi- lar success had something to communicate in favor of the agricultural capabilities of the soil on the Penobscot. In 1817 Mr. Philip Coombs had raised in Bangor two hundred bushels of potatoes^on half an acre of ground, and a squash weighing forty-nine and a half pounds. Mr. John Ham had raised on a piece of ground twelve by fifteen feet, four bushels of onions — at the rate of 963 bushels to the acre. He sold them for $1.12^ per bushel — at the rate of $1,083 to the acre; and Mr. Tile- ston Snow, of Piscataquis, to excite "emulation in farm- ing," informed the public that he had raised a hog weighing 480 pounds, which he sold in the Bangor mar- ket for $60.07. This was well for that day. But in March, 1873, when the capabilities of the hog-kine were better understood, Mr. Elhanan Garland, of Kenduskeag, sold in the Bangor market a swine twenty-six months old, which weighed before it was dressed nine hundred pounds, and measured eight and a half feet in length, girth seven feet and an inch. At the annual meeting March 9, 1818, Joseph Leavitt, Moses Patten, and Joseph Carr were again elected Se- lectmen and Assessors ; Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer; Samuel E. Dutton, Agent; Harvey Loomis, William D. Williamson, and Daniel Pike Superintending School Committee; $800 were raised for highways, $900 for schools, $400 for the Bridge Company, $1,400 for town expenses, $800 for Mr. Loomis's salary. In April the votes for John Brooks for Governor were 66; for Benjamin W. Crowninshield, 59; for Jacob McGaw, for Senator, 57 votes; for William D. Williamson, 63. John Wilkins had 89 votes for County Treasurer. Amos Patten, Allen Oilman, and Jacob McGaw were appointed a committee to memorialize the Legislature in regard to the fisheries and weirs in Penobscot River, and to give instructions to the Representative respecting thein. At the May meeting, called to elect a Representative to the Legislature, Mr. Amos Patten made a motion that it was inexpedient that year. The motion was negatived, and Joseph Treat received 88 votes and was elected. On November 2d the town balloted for Representative to Congress. Martjn Kinsley had 35 votes, John Wilson 20, Leonard Jarvis 2. Mr. Tileston Snow, who raised hogs "to excite emula- tion in farming," having been obliged to pay to Thomas A. Hill an office fee of 25 cents on one of Mr. Edes's bills, was so much aggrieved that he attempted to raise the public indignation by giving public notice that he had found to his cost that there was no reliance to be placed on the assurance given that "the fears of timid persons of being immediately put to cost were perfectly ground- less." Some good people were annoyed by children going out of the meeting and crowding around the stoves during religious services ; and portable stoves were suggested as a remedy m cold weather. This, however, would not do for Hatevil Colson — called "Haty Colson" — an unfortu- nate man, who had been jilted by "Jenny Goldthread," and was supposed to be "love-cracked," and wandered about the country telling the young ladies of his griefs, and filling his pockets with such unwatched goods and chattels as he could readily lay his hands upon. Much of this property was stowed away in his pockets to ap- pease hunger in his travels; but sometimes it needed heat to make it palatable. When this was the case he 580 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. resorted to the place most convenient for cooking, no matter where it was. On Sunday, happening to be pass- ing, it occurred to him that a stove in Mr. Loomis's meeting-house, which stood near the door, would enable him to get up a feast. Accordingly he went in, and it was not long before the savory smell of sausages and bacon frying reached the olfactories of the congregation. The effect upon the tythingmen, it is said, was a marvel to see. This Haty Colson was not without wit. When the British were at Castine, in his wanderings he reached that place, and getting into the fort greatly amused the soldiers, and the officers also. Having heard of General Gosselin, he demanded to be conducted into his presence. The wags humored him, and it was announced to the General in his qijarters that a person wished to see him. The General ordered that he be admitted. On entering the room, Haty approached the General and asked, quite peremptorily, if his name was Goslin. "Yes," replied the General, "that is my name. What is your wish?" " the goose that hatched you." The General discovered his infirmity, and being amused by him, permitted him to come and go at his pleasure. He was the terror of children, but many amusing anecdotes are remembered of him by people who are now living on his ancient vagabond route. A controversy was started this year by an intermed- dling "stranger," as he called himself, such as is not un- usual in the growth of communities. The ladies of Mr. Loomis's society had formed an association to provide means by their labor for the education of young men for the ministry. This "stranger" took it upon himself to suggest — while acknowledging their object noble and praiseworthy — "the absolute and imperious necessity to do something for the poor, suffering children in this vicinity," and that instead of spending $40 or $50 as they proposed it "would not be more a deed of real charity to examine and relieve the children of their im- mediate vicinity!" This aroused the champions of the ladies. They be- labored "stranger" for intermeddling with matters that he did not understand, and for intimating that the ladies had expended only $40 or $50 in the education of ministers, when they had in thirteen months earned $ roc for the purpose; and that the poor were neglected for this charity, when they were not "overlooked in the general regulations of the village or in the exercise of general munificence." The controversy closed with accomplishing all that such controversies usually accomplish — the stirring up of bad blood. The Christian people of America have learned since then that men can bestow their labors and their charities for the improvement or comfort of their fellow-men as they think fit; and that, perhaps, they are as good judges of what it is proper for them to do as those who criticise them. For the purpose of correcting an erroneous report that was circulating in the community. Professor Ashmun, of the Theological Seminary, gave public information that ex- press provision is made in the constitution of the seminary for the gratuitous education of young men of any relig- ious denomination, who appear to possess the requisite character and hold the essential doctrines of the Gospel. The subject of erecting a fire-proof building for the Record offices was agitated this year, and resulted in the erection of a long narrow building of three stories on the west side of Main street, directly opposite the southerly side of West Market Square, in the lower story of which, at the right as you entered, was the Bangor Bank, at the left the Athenaeum ; in the second story the Registry of Deeds and of Probate, and, in the third story, offices. There were then no buildings between the bank build- ing and Hammond street. The Court-house fronted on West Market Square, and the ascent to it was terraced and turfed. The building was handsome for that day, and appeared well from the Square. It was approached by broad steps. After a time Mr. Thomas A. Hill com- menced encroaching upon the front by erecting a block of two buildings next north of the bank. In a few years the whole front, including the passage-way to the steps, was closed, and the courts were at length accommodated elsewhere. The jail proved not to be so strong that smart prisoners could not make their way out of it. On May 22 Thomas Delahant, an Irishman and a spinner, who for theft had been imprisoned, tried the strength of the "jug," as it was called, and found little difficulty in making his way out of it and compelling the keeper, Lynde Valentine, to offer a reward of $20 for his re-arrest. This Delahant was the first goal-breaker in the county. Many others succeeded him at different times, for that jail was rather inadequate to the purpose for which it was desigtied. John Dearborn, another thief, taxed Mr. Valentine's pocket, a month afterward, for another $20, by leaving the jail suddenly. A feat performed by John Chambers was thought ex- traordinary. Standing upon Samuel Stone's wharf, at Brewer village, one evening in May, he observed the wake of a fish which was swimming in the river, and made up his mind to capture him. He jumped into a boat, and scuUing near, thrust his hand into the water, seized the fish, and drew it into the boat. It proved to be a nice fat salmon weighing ten and a half pounds. The salmon of that day were more absent-minded than those of the present, or we should not have had this fish story. At the last session of the Legislature a resolve was passed authorizing the Governor to appoint three Com- missioners to negotiate with the Penobscot Indians for their lands. Accordingly the Governor appointed Ed- ward H. Robbins, who had been for many years Speaker of the House, Daniel Davis, Solicitor-General, and Mark Langdon Hill, of Bath, who was many years, a Senator, to carry out the intentions of the Legislature. They met the Indians at Bangor, on the 24th of June, who were represented by their chiefs, twenty-seyen m number, including their Governor, John Etienne, and Lieutenant-Governor John Neptune, and accompanied by General John Blake, the Indian agent. The occasion was made of some notoriety by the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 581 magistrates of the town. The Free Masons had a cele- bration, it being St. John's day — and had the Commis- sioners to dine with them at Lumben's Hotel. After the dinner, agreeably to the arrangements, a procession was formed at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, consisting of the Commissioners, municipal officers. Rev. Thomas Wil- liams, of Brewer, military officers, magistrates of the county, strangers, and citizens, and marched to the Court- house, where many ladies and gentlemen had already assembled. After the Commissioners were seated, the chiefs entered the house, accompanied by General Blake, Colonel Eben Webster, and Major Joseph Treat, and the Commissioners arose. When all were seated, Mr. Davis, on the-part of the Commissioners, addressed them in these words : Chiefs and Brothers of the Penobscot Tribe : We acknowledge the goodness of Almighty God, the Great and Good Spirit, who made both you and us, and from whom all our blessings are received, that we are permitted to meet you here this day, in peace and friendship. And as he is this year blessing the earth with the warmth of the sun and the refreshing rain from the clouds, and giving us the prospect of great abundance foi the use of man and beast, it is the duty of both ysu and us to praise and adore him with our whole hearts. Then, after saying that they had nothing in view but what was for the benefit of the tribe and the best means of improving their condition in life, and desired that nothing should be agreed upon without their "free will and consent," he proceeds: Brothers: The General Court have empowered us to agree with you for the purchase of your right to the lands and islands on Penobscot River, which you now possess, and have a right to use for hunting and fishing. We therefore ask you to tell us plainly and explicitly, whether you are wiUing to sell us your right to the Islands. This is the first thing that we shall ask you to tell us; and we shall wait patiently for your answer, before we make you any particular proposals. Brothers: If you tell us that you are willing to sell your right to the lands and islands, we now declare to you, that we are authorized to give and deliver you therefore such articles as will feed and clothe you and your women and children, while you shall be hunting in the forest, and they shall be suffering in the cold and storms of winter. He then protests their intention to deal plainly and honestly with them, and their liability to punishment by the Great Spirit, the General Court, and the Governor, if they did not, and proceeded : Brothers : If you should agree to sell us your right to these lands and islands, and if all can agree on the terms thereof, we further de- clare to you, that we are authorized and commanded by the General Court to examine into your situation and condition as men. The Gen- eral Court consider you as their children ; for they know that you were made and are protected and governed by the same kind Parent and Benefactor as ourselves. We will therefore propose and are ready to agree upon all proper means to improve your moral and religious hab- its and feelings — to learn \s-ic\ you the use of tools for the improvement and tillage of the land— for it is the express command of the Great Spirit that we shall till the ground and subdue it — To afford you the means of obtaining useful knowledge for yourselves and your children — To persuade you to Uve industrious and useful lives— To abstain from the use of spirituous liquors, which is the poison that has destroyed so many white men and Indians, and caused them to melt away like snow before the fire. But, above all things, to persuade you to love and obey God and his son Jesus Christ; so as that when you come to die ^ and leave the land to your children, and your mortal bodies be buried in Its bosom, you may be prepared to live forever with your good friends and fathers that have gone before you. Lieiitenant-Governor Neptune made the reply, and the public ceremonies were concluded. The result of the conference was that the Indians re- leased to the Commonwealth all above the territory of thirty miles on the river before released, excepting the islands in the river and four townships six miles square, two contiguous to that territory and two on each side of the Penobscot River near the iTiouth of the Matta- wamkeag, which were to remain to the tribe for occupa- tion forever. The consideration for the release was that the Indians should have for a camping ground two acres of land in Brewer, opposite Kenduskeag Point; the em- ployment of a suitable person to teach them husbandry; the repair of their church at Oldtown; the delivery at that place in October, yearly, of five hundred bushels of corn, fifteen barrels of flour, seven barrels of clear pork, one hogshead of molasses, one hundred yards of broad- cloth — blue and red — fifty blankets, one hundred pounds of gunpowder, four hundred pounds of shot, one hun- dred and fifty p'ounds of tobacco, six boxes of chocolate, and $50 in silver. At the time of the execution of the deed, Mr. Rob- bins had some difficulty in getting it acknowledged, owing to the ignorance of the Indians. After they had made their signatures he asked them the usual question, "Do you acknowledge this to be your free act and deed?" They made no reply, but assumed an expression of im- perturbable gravity. He repeated the question, and the expression became intensified. General Blake saw the difficulty at once, and turning to Mr. Robbins, said: "Oh, you don't understand them, let me try." Then taking the deed in his hand and turning to the Governor he said: "You willing — and all the rest of the Indians willing?" " Oui!" was the prompt and emphatic reply. The business being happily concluded, the Commis- sioner presented the tribe with a six-pounder cannon, a swivel, a box of pipes, fifty knives, six brass kettles, two hundred yards of calico, two drums, four fifes, and three hundred yards of ribbon. The transaction was ratified by the Government February 20, 18 19; and the Gov- ernment appropriated the annual sum of three hundred dollars for a religious teacher. On St. John's Day Mr. William Thompson, who lived at the head of the tide, had a little surprise for the Free Masons, Commissioners, and the rest. He brought into market green peas from his garden, a gustable rarity that was not. in the Boston market until five days afterward. Whether the Free Masons and Commissioners, or other persons, enjoyed them, is not remembered. Information reached Bangor that on June 30 the British surrendered Eastport to the United States, and removed their troops to St. Andrews. General Miller, for the United States, and Colonel Sargent, for the State, received possession. The American flag was again hoisted and greeted by a national salute. Lieutenant Merchant, with American troops, took possession of the fort, and Mr. Stephen Thacher, Collector, reopened the Custom-house. There was great rejoicing among the inhabitants. When the British troops embarked they gave three cheers, accompanied by Yankee Doodle. This year, under a law of the Commonwealth, Messrs. Edward Robbins, of Milton ; Lathrop Lewis, of Gorham; and Joseph Lee, of Bucksport, were appointed "Com- S82 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. missioners of the Land Office." The Commissioners had the oversight and management of the State's lands in Maine, and made arrangements for the laying out and making roads, quieting settlers, and for exploring and sur- veying. They met at Bangor and adopted measures to be carried out under their commission, and employed General Irish, who commenced on June 27 to survey the front lots of the lands purchased of the Indians, on the east side of the river. They looked out a line for a road from Eddington to the mouth of the Passadumkeag, to connect with a road which was commenced there the year previous, directed towards the northeast boundary. They employed Andrew Strong to survey Townships One and Four into hundred-acre lots ; and taking with them Joseph Treat as surveyor, Messrs. Lewis and Lee went up the river for the purpose of locating'the four town- ships reserved by the Indians and of exploring the West Branch to its source. These Commissioners were men who had held offices of trust and had the confidence of the people. Mr. Robbins had been Speaker ten years and Lieutenant- Governor five years, and at this time was Judge of Pro- bate of the county of Norfolk ; Colonel Lewis had been a member of the Senate, and was now Surveyor-General of the public lands, and Colonel Lee had been for sev- eral years a member of the House. The surveyor, Mr. Strong, was a great wag, and many anecdotes are related of him. In the fall of 1826, one of his neighbors, an independent farmer, raised the frame of a large barn. Being economical as well as independent, he braved the sentiment of the barn-raisers of that day, who were accustomed to New England rum, and raised the frame on home-brewed beer, under the pretense that his temperance principles would not permit him to offer anything stronger. His neighbors were satisfied that niggardliness rather than temperance controlled his action, and they fixed on Strong, who entertained the same belief, to christen the frame, as the custom was. He did not decline, but taking the bottle and mounting the ridge-pole, he dashed off these words, and wound up with dashing the bottle: Here is a fine frame raised on a knoll, Put up by a poor, stingy old soul. The work is good, the frame complete, Raised without Rum, good men to cheat. The Scripture says— pray think of that — The liberal soul shall be made fat. But deacon's souls are always lean As soles of Stag, and twice as mean. I don't much like this pious shaving, Where pious self gets all the saving. It seems so odd and devilish queer To raise a barn on sloppy beer; And such mean conduct can't be right, — Therefore we'll call it Hell's Delight ! Once an old friend, whom he had not seen for years, arrived at his house after the supper hour. Finding that he had not been to supper Mr. Strong had some provided, and sat down with him at the table. The quantity of butter not being up to his ideas of hospitality, he in- quired of Mrs. Strong (who did the marketing) what price she sold her butter for when in Bangor. She re- plied at fourteen cents a pound. Taking some pennies from his pocket and handing them to her, he said, "Mrs. Strong, we will iiave two cents' worth more of your butter if you please! " He became blind in his old age, and called in Dr. McKeese, in whom he had great confidence, for his opinion. After a thorough examination the doctor was obliged to tell him that he could give him no encourage- ment that he would ever recover his sight. He in- stantly replied: "I am glad of that— I have seen as much as I want to of this world." An effort was made to erect a building for the Young Ladies' Academy. Mr. Williamson had interested him- self much in this institution, which had recently been in- corporated, and as Secretary called a meeting of the Trustees, to be held on August 2rst, to determine in re- gard to raising funds and erecting a building. The Trus- tees were Messrs. Loomis (who was President), Dutton, Williams, Perham, McGaw, Carr, Barker, Bent, Patten, Williamson, Leavitt, and Dr. Dickinson. It was con- cluded to go on with the project, and Mr. Leavitt dug the clay for the purpose of manufacturing one hundred thousand bricks for the purpose. The school was com- menced in the hall of Mr. Leavitt's brick building on the "Point." It was afterward removed to a one-story frame building that stood on Columbia street, seventy or eighty feet from Hammond street. It was a valuable school, and continued in operation for several years. The preceptors were Willard, Baldwin, Brewer, Coburn, Quimby, all learned and able teachers. Mr. Willard afterward became Judge Willard, of Troy, New York. Mr. Brewer was afterward a missionary among the In- dians at Oldtown, and then in Beirout, Syria. He returned and afterward resided in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, un- til his death in November, 1872, at the age of seventy- eight. He was a man of great kindness of heart, and lived to do good. Mr. Quimby devoted much time to chemistry and natural philosophy. After leaving the Academy he taught one or more of the public schools in Bangor. He then went to New York, where he devoted himself to perfecting and manufacturing the lightning- rod. His business was quite extensive. During the first years of the existence of the school much interest was manifested in it, but after the decease of Mr. Loomis it began to flag, and somewhere about 1830 the Bangor Young Ladies' Academy was a thing of the past. There are many men and women of high position in society now living, who look back upon the days they spent in that school with great satisfaction. There had been much military ardor among ambitious patriots in Bangor even after the Revolution; but the rank and file, who got neither honor nor profit from carrying a guft and marching after si. drum and fife all day, took no especial pains to recollect the manual ex- ercise from one training to another — there being for the militia usually two trainings in a year. The young men, however, were quite ready to turn out to musters in the autumn, when all the men, women, and children of the country came for miles to see the show, to eat ginger- bread and pumpkin pie, and peradventure to danee a little to the tune of some old fiddler or fifer. They HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 583 were willing to endure all- the fatigue for the fun they were sure to get out of the thing. Such occasions were the delight of the officers. They imagined, perhaps, that they were doing much for the country, that its future salvation would be due to their skill and to their labors in imparting military knowledge, courage, and patriotism to men who cared nothing about it. The display of these qualities by the warriors at Hampden, in the unfortunate affair there, was not calcu- lated to encourage them that military training like that of the past would be of essential service, and when the smoke of it had cleared away and they had fully con- sidered the matter, they felt that the military education of the people must be entered upon with new zeal, and stringent laws, thorough organization, drill, and disci- pline, under their own efficient supervision, would render them competent to repel the most determined invad- ers, if any should dare to make another attempt against the Republic. Then they had an opportunity to show their epaulettes ! • The "Hampden Battle" was referred to by the officers in their address at regimental musters, to stir up the patriotism of the soldiers. At one of these musters Col- onel Trafton adverted to it, and, after tendering his acknowl- edgments to his men for their good conduct during the day, he recommended to them to carry to their several homes the idea that "on them rested the responsibility of raising the Penobscot militia from its present unfortu- nate degradation." General Blake had been appointed Major-General of the Tenth Division of Massachusetts Militia, but in 18 18 he had resigned, and General Jedidiah Herrick, of Hampden, had been appointed Major-General. Colonel Trafton had been appointed Brigadier-General; Col- onet Isaac Hodsdon, of Corinth, and Major Joseph Treat, of Bangor, were active officers. It was announced in August that the Commander- in-chief, Governor John Brooks, would review the troops of this Division, and the military enthusiasm of the officers was thoroughly awakened. The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Regiments of the First Brigade were ordered to meet at Bangor for review and inspection on the 21st of September. Brigadier Gen- eral Trafton being absent, the command devolved on Colonel Isaac Hodsdon, as the senior Colonel. The enthusiasm with which this officer entered upon his duties, communicated itself to the people throughout the limits of the Division, and all made preparations to witness the great military exhibition. The information was pro- mulgated by him that in this parade there would be "thirty companies and one hundred and twenty com- missioned officers under arms." And then 'he said the motives which would " operate to bring these troops and a vast many spectators together" were: "The military ardor of our militia in this section of the Commonwealth. Our commissioned officers are generally young, but anx- ious to excel, respectful in appearance, and meritorious in character. Our soldiers are freemen of the Republic, 'he yeomanry and mechanics of our country — men of sober lives and correct habits, and emphatically the sons of enterprise." He referred to the patriotism and valor of '-our fathers" between 1660 and 1760, their vast and repeated sacrifices of life and sub- stance in resistance of savage inroads and invasions, and to what they had done in repelling the at- tacks of the mother country, and then came this appeal : "No one of their worthy descendants can prob- ably be found who would utter an excuse for non-attend- ance because of cost or toil. The voice of your fathers' example forbids; the glowing feelings of patriotism for- bid — nay, military ardor exclaims, ' let no excuse be named.' Come, show your Captain-General that some scenes and events in this quarter during the late war are a sheer libel on the Penobscot name, and on the military and public spirit of our citizens." Then to meet the Commander-in-chief was urged as richly worthy the attention of all, more especially the soldiery. It was a very favorable time for the interview. It was a popular affair. Every one who_was exempt from bearing arms expressed a determination to attend; and finally, such an occasion "seldom happens; it may never' occur again during our lives." These arguments elabor- ated were sent through the country until it was thorough- ly aroused to the importance of seeing the General, the gaily dressed officers, the crowds of soldiery and citizens, and of hearing the noise of drums and guns and the up- roar of an excited crowd. The day fixed for the great occasion was Monday. The Governor, with Adjutant-General Sumner and Colo- nel Swett, were met at Dixmont at i o'clock on Saturday, the 19th, by the High Sheriff and county officers of Pe- nobscot, and escorted to Township No. 2, where a num- ber of gentlemen frnrn Hampden joined the escort and conducted them to that place. There a dinner was pro- vided and partaken of at the house of David Vose. At 5 o'clock a committee of arrangements and gentlemen from Bangor escorted his Excellency to that town. His arrival was announced by a salute from Captain Fitts's artillery, and in the evening many officers and gentlemen paid their respects to him. On Sunday his Excellency attended Mr. Loomis's meeting. Mr. Leavitt has this, minute in his journal : "Went to meeting. Of my. fam- ily, all my children, viz : seven sons and two daughters — their mother, being sick, did not attend. The Gov- ernor sat in my pew ! " It may be supposed that, with the expectation of such an uriusual military display on Monday, there could not be much quiet on Sunday. Tythingmen were impotent on that day, for unavoidably the clans must be gathering. On Monday morning a scene such as was never before upon the banks of the Penobscot, was witnessed in Ban- gor. In the extensive field formerly of Thomas How- ard, stretching from the road to the wood, were the long columns of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Regiments. The people had gathered and were gathering from all quarters. Drums were beating, horses were prancing, banners were waving, and the tumult and excitement of the crowd were immense. The troops were facing the east, and conspicuous on the' right were Captain Fitts's Artillery, of Bangor, and 5^4 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Captain William H. Reed's Light Infantry, of Hampden, in their gay uniforms. Then there were Captains Ste- phen Ide and Elijah P. Pike, of Frankfort ; Alden Nick- erson, of Orrington ; Joshua Howes, of Bucksport ; Allen Rogers, of Hampden ; Ezra Thistle, of Monroe ; Row- land Tyler, of Dixmont ; Jeremiah Simpson, of Hamp- den ; Jacob Cowan, of Herraon ; and Samuel Homer, with their companies, and twenty-two subalterns, all of the Third Regiment, and under Colonel Rufus Gilmore, of Newburg; Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Butman, of Dixmont; Major John Emery, Jr., and Adjutant Daniel Emery, of Hampden. Next were Captains Andrew Hasey, of Bangor; Jacob Holyoke, William Copeland, Brewer; John Frees, Orono; Wright Stockwell, Eddington; John Butterfield, Sunk- haze, with their companies, all under Colonel Solomon Blake, of Brewer; Lieutenant-Colonel Lynde Valentine, Bangor; Major Eben Webster, Orono; Adjutant Thomas Treadwell, Brewer; Quartermaster Robert Harvey, Bangor; Chaplain Rev. Thomas Williams, Brewer; Surgeon Dr. Hosea Rich, Bangor. Next were Captains Samuel Chamberlain, Foxcroft; David Laken, Stetson; Philip Greely, Garland; Levi Bradley, New Charleston; Ira Sheperdson, Exeter; Rob- ert Carlton, Sangerville; William Stevens, Guilford; Luther Turner, No. 2; Isaac Smith, Dexter; John Shaw, Sebec; John Hunting, Corinth, with their companies, and twenty-two subalterns. With the artillery were Captain Roswell Fitts, of Ed- dington; First Lieutenant George W. Brown, of Bangor; Second Lieutenant John Williams, of Bangor — all under Major David J. Bent, Adjutant Levi Crane, and Quarter- master Timothy Crosby, of Bangor. With a company of cavalry were Captain Elisha Grant, of Hampden; First Lieutenant John Reynolds and Second Lieutenant Simon B. Harriman, of Bangor; and Cornet Lewis Barker — all under Major Jonathan Haskins, Adjutant Robert Haskins, and Quartermaster Joshua Lane, of Hampden. This company performed escort duty, and when it appeared, all eyes were strained to catch a glimpse of the distinguished visitor. Captain Fitts's artillery announced, when he had reached the field, the arrival of his Excellency, John Brooks, Captain-General, and his suite: Major-General Jedidiah Herrick; Major William R. Ware, his aid-de- carap; Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Blake, Division Quar- termaster; Acting Brigadier-General Isaac Hodsdon, Colonel Commanding; Captain Joshua Wingate Carr, Aid (to Brigadier-General Trafton, absent); Brigade Ma- jor Joseph Treat; Major Royal Clark, Brigade Quarter- master. The Captain-General immediately proceeded to re- view the troops. After the review a hollow square was formed, and the chaplain (Williams) prayed. When the officers had been presented to the Captain- General, a line was formed, and, under Colonel Hods- don, the troops performed various evolutions very satis- factorily. After witnessing them and listening to the en- thusiastic drumming and fifing, and bugle-playing of the musicians, the volleys of musketry, the booming of can- non, and the shouts of the excit^ multitude, his Excel- lency, having been "pleased to express his highest ap- probation," retired. No review of this brigade ever equalled this in splendor or in the good conduct of the troops. After the review, the Governor, with the General and aids, the brigade staff, and fifty or sixty gentlemen of " the first respectability," were entertained by a feast at Mrs. Hatch's Inn. In the afternoon the Governor, with aids, crossed the river. On landing he was addressed by Mr. Leonard, Chairman of the Selectmen of Brewer, and replied. He then proceeded to Bucksport and Castine, reviewed the First Regiment of Infantry, and, accompanied by Gen- eral Herrick and aids, visited the fort, partook of a dinner at Lukemer's, by invitation of Messrs. Abbot, Hook, Little, and Adams, then embarked for Belfast, where he reviewed the Second Regiment, after which, and the customary feast, he went to Thomaston and re- viewed a regiment in Major-General King's division. The Hancock and Penobscot Bible Society met on the 24th October, and after a sermon by Rev. Jona. Fisher, of Bluehill, took up a contribution. Much inter- est was felt in fhe distribution of the Bible. William Abbot, of Castine, was made President ; Samuel E. Dutton, of Bangor, Vice-President; Rev. Mighill Blood, of Bucksport, Corresponding Secretary; Daniel Pike, of Bangor, Recording Secretary; Josiah Hook, Jr., Castine, Treasurer. A Board of fourteen Trustees was estabhshed, and eighteen agents were appointed in the counties. Felicity Lodge of Free Masons, in Bucksport, appropri- ated one-fifth of their fees for aiding the translating the Bible in the Asiatic languages I- The Lieutenant-Governor, two colonels, ten captains, and seven men of no rank, of the Penobscot tribe of In- dians, declared that all future contracts made by any member of the tribe for the sale of timber would be void, and contracts made by John Blake, agent of the tribe, only would be respected. A schism occurred in the Republican (Democratic) party in this Congressional District in regard to a mem- ber of Congress. Colonel Gabriel Jehonnot,* of Hatnp- *This man, although a Republican, was an aristocrat in his feelings and manners. It is said that he lost his French wife, by whom he had an only son and child, in Boston, who went to the West Indies as a companion of John Quincy Adams ; that he married a second wife in Boston, and lived in such style that ^is fortune vanished, and that one morning after he had given a great entertainment the night before he removed to Hampden, where he took a little cottage which he occupied until he died. The farmers in his neighborhood at Hampden he con- sidered and treated rather as serfs than as fellow-citizens, and was hated by them. When his wife called upon her friends her maid followed her at a respectful distance, after the fashion with ladies of quality in France. Tliis maid was calledby the people "Polly Johnno." The Colonel was a Free Mason, and was instrumental in establishing the " Rising Virtue Lodge," the first Masonic lodge in Bangor. His handwriting was very beautiful. Specimens of it may be seen in the records of that lodge. He became very much pinched in his means, and being an infidel, did not hesitate to express his sentiments in blasphemous terms If vexed. Oh one occasion his hay was frequently wet by showers in the making, and his neighbors would render him no assistance. In his extremity ne sent to Simeon Stetson, Esq., for his team and help to get in his hay. They came, and while he was for the last time cocking the hay, which had been cocked and spread and Wet much to its injury before, a shower HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 58s den, President of a convention held at Bucksport, Sep- tember 30th, published a circular saying that Hon. Martin Kinsley was nominated by a large majority as a candidate for Representative to Congress. "One of the Minority" published a circular declaring that that nomination would not have been made had there been a full representation of the Republicans of that district, that Leonard Jarvis, who at the first ballot had fifteen votes to Kinsley's ten, would doubtless have been their choice; that the District, though decidedly Republican, was represented by John Wilson, a Federalist, therefore it was impolitic to nomi- nate a candidate whom the people would not support. Much controversy grew out of this nomination. Jar- vis was a young man; had just arrived from France; was scarcely known in the district; had been little or none in the employment of the public; was ambitious and very per- sistent, and had an influential family connection. On the other hand, Kinsley was a "good, respectable citizen," a firm Republican, and faithful to his country and con- stituents, and always a candidate for some office. The vote by which he was nominated was 23 to 11 for Jarvis. Mr. Jarvis, however, would not stand aside. It is alleged that he was brought forward by his brother, and his brother, who was as remarkable for persistency as himself, saw to it that he received a large portion ot the votes of Hancock county, and that Mr. Kinsley was defeated. The East- ern Argus advocated the election of Mr. Jarvis and was thought to intermeddle with matters out of its province by the friends of Kinsley, and by the Federalists in Mr. Kinsley's district also. The votes of the district were : for Kinsley 616, for Wilson 4T1, for Jarvis 340, scatter- ing 57. The first Monday in April was designated for another balloting. A committee of Republicans, con- sisting of Benjamin Butman, Benjamin Nourse, Daniel Greely, Isaac Hodsdon, and Ezekiel Chase, appointed by the General Convention, reported that Mr. Kinsley lacked but ninety-seven votes of an election, and suggested that scattering votes would be worse than thrown away; that Mr. Jarvis was a stranger — had resided many years in France and other parts of Europe, and had but recently taken up his residence in the district; and that they had long known Judge Kinsley as "a respectable merchant and agriculturist, and also as a member of the various came up suddenly. Jehonnot threw down his implement, and, raising his hands, uttered such blasphemous expressions as made the bystanders shudder. He was a Justice of the Peace, and did a pettifogging busi- ness, and there being no lawyer in his vicinity he did considerable. After Mr. Godfrey established himself in Hampden, Jehonnat brought a suit before Mr. Stetson, who was a magistrate. Mr. Godfiey ap- peared for the defendant and filed a special plea. Jehonnot said that he did not know anything about that. Mr. Stetson said that he must answer it before he could go on. He said he couldn't; and giving vent to a violent oath, threw his papers upon the table and said that the d — d case might take care of itself, and he would have no more to do with such things. Towards the latter part of his life he became extremely reduced in circumstances. His wife was dead. He was alone; and, being ill, Mr. Stetson took him into his house and cared for him. Rev. Robert Page, a missionary, supposing he was about to die, called to see him, with the idea that he might be of service in a religious point of view. Jehonnot for a long time refused to see him. At length Mrs. Stetson prevailed upon him to admit the visitor. Colonel Jehonnot was very courteous — had a social glass with the minister, and kept up such a constant conversation that Mr. Page could not say a word to him about his soul. He died at the age of eighty-one. 74 branches of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial De- partments of the Government." At the meeting in April Mr. Kinsley was in fact elected, but owing to informality in the returns of several of the towns whose votes were rejected, a new balloting was ordered on July 20th. Mr. Kinsley was again elected. At the November meeting Bangor gave Kins- ley 35 votes, Wiilson 20, Jarvis 2; Hampden gave Kins- ley 60 votes, Wilson 10 ; Orrington gave Kinsley 25 votes, Wilson i, Jarvis r. At the April meeting Bangor gave Kinsley 45 votes, Wilson 20, Jarvis 23 ; Hampden gave Kinsley 86 votes, Wilson 21; Orrington gave Kins- ley all, 53 votes. At the April meeting Bangor gave Kinsley 34, Wilson 17, scattering 6; Hampden gave Kinsley 41, Wilson 7; Orrington gave Kinsley 33, scat- tering 16. On October 22, 1818, Mr. Levi Cram opened a large variety store and, by dint of enterprise and advertising, obtained a large custom. Mr. Nathaniel Harlow, Jr., opened a variety and book-store. Daniel Pike opened a book-store. Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Roxbury, in November offered for sale forty thousand acres of settling land in Bangor, Hermon, and Newburg. That in Bangor and Hampden lay in the westerly part of those towns, between the Kenduskeag and Sowadabscook Streams. Mr. Daniel Pike, Mr. Daniel Kimball, of Bangor, Mr. Henry Little, then of Bucksport, and Miss Rhoda Shed, of -Billerica, took passage in the lumber schooner Han- cock, from Penobscot for Boston. On the 29th the ves- sel wqs wrecked off Cape Ann in a northwesterly gale. The sea broke constantly over the vessel and swept off almost everything excepting the passengers and ship's company. These secured themselves upon the wreck, where they remained without food for sixty hours. They were at length rescued by Captain Lowry, of the schooner Hannah Jane. A brig went to the assistance of the Hancock immediately after the disaster, but the violence of the storm was such that it could do nothing, and night coming she was obliged to leave the unfortu- nate people to their fate. They were barely saved with only the clothing they had upon them. The first snow fell on the i8th and 19th of November this year, but soon disappeared. December 8th the ground was free from snow. On the 9th sleighs were running. The river closed permanently on December 10. Mr. Clement Bunker, a wag, gave notice from Bangor gaol that he would pay a fourth part of his debts or de- liver all his property, excepting his furniture, to his credi- tors to be discharged from debt. It was this same "Clem Bunker," who, on being asked whose horse that was, replied: "If you want to attach it, it is old Jemer- son's [or some other person's]; if you want to buy it, it is mine." This year, several events of painful interest occurred. The cold in the winter was intense. February was one of the coldest months for forty years. The ice formed in the Bay so that there was passing upon it from Castine to Long Island, and to the opposite shore; also among the Fox Islands. 586 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Rev. Mr. Loomis had a severe fever, by which he was confined to his bed for weeks. At one time he was thought by his physician to be dying. Rev. Mr. WilUams entered an evening meeting of Mr. Loomis's church at the time, announced his death, and suggested that the evening be devoted to prayers. Deacon Adams after- wards said that twelve prayers were offered, and in no one instance was there a request that his Hfe might be spared; when before that had been the burden of prayer. After the meeting he with others went to his house, and, to their surprise, "found the doors all open from the street to his chamber — which was the house where the first Sabbath-school collected in Bangor— the curtains re- moved from his bed, though a cold winter's night. He had revived; his reason was restored; he had been bol- stered upon his bed, and preaching the gospel to those who had gathered around him."* There was much sickness in the year and several deaths. Information reached the town that Mr. James Carr, a former resident of the town, who had gone into the Western States two years before, was drowned in the Ohio River from a boat in which he and his family had taken passage for Mississippi, where he intended to re- side, while endeavoring to save his daughter, who had ac- cidentally fallen overboard. Some speculation in wild lands was attempted this year by Penobscot men. Judge Kinsley, General Herrick, Colonel Gilmore, Francis Carr, John Wilkins, Amos Pat- ten, Moses Patten, John Barker, William D. Williamson, and Joseph Leavitt, obtained a title to about fwenty thousand acres in different proportions. * Adams' Autobiography, 64. CHAPTER XII. Confidence Reviving— James Bartlett -Ploughing in January— Asylum for the Indolent— Annual Meeting — Hearse Committee — Sixth SchoolDistrict— Poor-house— William Emerson Elected Represen- tative — Committee Appointed to have Maine made an Independent State— York Street— Mr. Zadock Davis— Objection to Separation— Kine-pock— Rev. Elijah R. Sabine— Ohio Emigrants— Ham and Bean— Comet— Court-house— Corporation Organized — Theological Seminary— New Regiment— Delegates to Constitutional Convention —Daniel Pike's Goods — Constitutional Convention — Debate on Name of the State— Powder House— Hatter— William Allen, Presi- dent of Bowdoin College. 1819. People this year had increasing confidence in the resources and capabilities of Mame. Reports of successful farming were frequently made, and families who, under the discouragements of the calamities consequent upon the troubles with England and of the cold season of 18 15 and 18 16, had emigrated to Ohio, had met with greater discouragements from fever and ague there and were returning. They became satisfied that unpleasant things exist in all climates and everywhere, and that a man must labor to live in all places, and that a stern I climate, although it compelled to great exertion, yet there was compensation in a more vigorous and intelligent manhood. Occasionally the death of a prominent man in Bangor would throw a gloom over the little community. On January 9th Mr. James Bartlett, a merchant, who had come to Bangor from New Hampshire about the time Mr. Leavitt came, had been connected with him by mar- riage and in business, and had been an officer in the town, died at the age of thirty-two. He was highly re- spected, but his business had not proved so fortunate as he had anticipated. Alfred Veazie, Esq., late President of the Veazie National Bank, was his grandson. Mr. Charles Rice received the appointment of Post- master in Brewer. In February swine were troublesome to the citizens, and hog constables were reminded that their position was no sinecure. The weather this month was remarkably mild. In some places the ground was perfectly free of frost. Mr. Stilman Kent, of Orrington, ploughed his ground on the loth and sowed a peck of peas on the next day. It was predicted that if the weather continued as warm as it had been until the i8th through the month, that Mr. Kent would have green peas in March. There were indolent as well as poor people in Bangor at this time, and it was proposed that the town, at its next annual meeting, consider the subject of erecting a house for them. A large convention of gentlemen from Maine was held in the Senate Chamber in Boston, on February 2d, to consider the subject of separating Maine from Massa- chusetts. William King was President and William D. Williamson Secretary. A standing committee of two from each of the new counties of Maine was appointed. Those for Penobscot were William D. Williamson and Robert Parker. The annual meeting was held March 8th. Thomas Cobb was chosen Town Clerk; Allen Gilraan, Royal Clark, and Wiggins Hill were chosen Selectmen and As- sessors; Harvey Loomis, Allen Gilman, and Hosea Rich, Superintending School Committee; William Emerson was elected Town Treasurer, and William D. Williamson Town Agent; $1,150 were raised for highways; $1,200 for schools; $400 for the Bridge Company; $600 for the poor; $810 for Mr. Loomis's salary and for collecting it. The collecting of the salary was put up at auction and bid off by Samuel E. Dutton. The collecting of the town taxes was bid off by Francis Carr. On April 5 John Brooks received 67 votes for Gov- ernor, and Benjamin Crowningshield 46 votes; William D. Williamson received 65 votes for Senator, and Jacob McGaw 48; John Wilson received 30 votes for Repre- sentative to Congress, Martin Kinsley 45; Leonard Jar- vis, 23; Jacob McGaw, 2; John Wilkins received 73 votes for County Treasurer. At a meeting Daniel Pike, Robert Parker, and Alex- ander Savage were made a committee to procure a hearse, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 587 to fence the burial-ground, and to build a sufficient pound, and $100 were raised for the purpose. The sixth school district was established from Lot 78, on the old Levant road, to .the Harmon and Glenburn lines; and the town was authorized to borrow $500 at not exceeding six per cent interest. At the adjournment of this meet- ing Jacob McGaw, William D. Williamson, and Allen Oilman were appointed a committee to inquire into the expediency of hiring a building for the poor, and of ap- pointing a Superintendent thereof. The same gentlemen reported a code of by-laws for the town, having pre- viously been appointed for the purpose, and it was adopted and established. On May 3 William Emerson was elected Representa- tive to the Legislature, having received sixty-two votes to Joseph Treat's fifty-four. The town instructed the Se- lectmen to petition the Legislature to consent that Maine be formed into an independent State. Eliashib Adams, Robeit Parker, and Jacob McGaw were appointed a committee "to take all necessary measures, at the e,\- pense of the town, to obtain a general and effectual inoc- ulation of the inhabitants thereof with the kine-pox." Voted $120 to pay the expense. On June 2 York street, which had been run out be- tween Pine street and Newbury street, by Daniel Pike, was accepted; also the road which has since been named Kenduskeag avenue for a distance of two miles from Harlow street bridge. On June 23 the town wanted to raise $250 to rebuild the Harlow street bridge "in a durable and permanent manner, with anarch or water-course of stone." But on July 3 they voted to erect a wooden bridge, instead of one of stone and earth, provided Messrs. Burrill & Tilton would secure the payment of $100 towards the expense thereof On July 26 Jacob McGaw had i vote for Represen- tative to Congress; John Wilson, 17; Martin Kinsley, 34; William D. Williamson, 4; and David Perham, i. Eighty-nine votes were cast for the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, and 17 against it. Mr. Zadock Davis, with whom the reader has become somewhat acquainted, had a poetical propensity and a way of stirring up his customers, at the same tickling the lawyers, that told. Here is an instance of his enter- prise on March 11, 1819: NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS, "This notice, or thi.s Proclamation, May meet with no one's approbation ; Although my warmest thanks are tendered To such as have me service rendered; While those who have delinquent been Are much reprov-ed for their sin, Are cautioned now to mend their ways And pay me up in Thirty Days! And there you'll find 'twill make a saving: You'll save what lawyers all are craving, You'll save the sheriff's lawful ration, And gain my hearty approbation." — Zadock Davis. The snow was so deep in March that the mails were interrupted and delayed for weeks. At one time, for two weeks, not a paper of any description whatever was received at the office of the Register. The subject of the erecting Maine into an independent State was again discussed. The committee appointed at the Boston meeting put forth a circular, giving reasons for the separation ; one among others was this, that the new State would " become an inviting receptacle for emigration hither." The circular was satirized and rid- iculed. Time was wanted for consideration, when the subject had been before the people for thirty years! People were warned not to leap from the frying-pan, lest the fire should be their portion ; as if there could be a choice ! But the sentiment in favor of separation was growing stronger. The Selectmen this year did not ■ overlook the sug- gestion in regard to the "indolent." They gave notice of their intention to bind out a number of children from six to sixteen years of age, who were chargeable to the town, and others who were spending their time in idle- ness and vicious pursuits, and the parents of such chil- dren, who had no visible means of support, but lived idly and indulged themselves in habits of continued intem- perance, "unless such parents, by a change of conduct, rendered that measure unnecessary." Mr. Daniel Pike had provided a respectable quantity of books this year which he offered at Boston prices. But there was not sufficient demand for them to enable him to keep a book-store exclusively. Dry goods and groceries were a part of his stock in trade. The action of the town in regard to the kine-pock was occasioned by the arrival of a vessel in the river with the small-pox on board, and of the prevalence of that disease in Belfast. No case existed in Bangor, and the com- mittee appointed to procure the vaccination of the in- habitants attended to their duty so promptly that every person was vaccinated in one week, and all fear of the small-pox entering the town allayed. The physicians and the people were indebted to Dr. Manly Hardy, of Bucksport, for genuine vaccine matter, which he dis- tributed without compensation. Rev. Elijah R. Sabine, a clergyman of the Methodist denomination, a native of Connecticut, whose residence was in Hampden, died at the age of forty-two, at Augus- ta, Georgia, in the summer of 1818. He possessed some literary ambition, and wrote a work called "Charles Ob- servator." He was highly esteemed. He was the father of Francis M. Sabine, Esq., of Bangor, and of Hon. Lorenzo Sabine, the author of "The Loyalists," and other works. The following poem, from his pen, was published this year: christian contentment. Holy contentment, which our God commands. Is not a stupid dullness of the soul ; It well consists with sympathy of friends, — It bids the tide of pure affection roll. It gives refinement to the human mind. And makes the feeUng heart more feeling still; And by its God-like nature seems designed To fit the soul of all we see or feel. Tho' sad afflictions be our lot beneath, It sees the hand of Providence in all; And humbly bows, without a murmuring breath, Yields to its Sovereign and obeys his call. 588 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. That pride and unbelief, and Satan, too, Would keep pur souls from such a useful grace; The world and peevish nature join the crew. To vex our spirits and destroy our peace. If we would baffle all their skill and power. And gain the price for which we should contend. We must believe the word of promise sure; Gird on the armor and their power withstand. Consider, too, our trials here are small Compared with others and what we deserve; And eke the promise, which declares that all Augment our bliss, and shall God's glory serve. Such faith and works the victory shall give. And peace in streams shall water all the soul ; And we a life of holiness shall live, And with the shout of victory reach our goal. Heaven, at last, shall be our endless rest. Angels our friends, and God our father be; And sainls shall join to shout redeeming grace, And glory give to the Eternal Three, And if we miss this happy frame of soul. Do lift our hearts against the King of Heaven, We must lament while endless ages roll, Without a hope that we can be forgiven. Let nothing hinder, then, the great pursuit Of seeking for this necessary grace. But gain the temper and bring forth the fruit, And stand prepared to quit the world in peace. James Brooks was re-elected Governor this year, by a majority of 6,704. The whole number of votes thrown in Massachusetts and Maine was 79,885. More than two-thirds of the votes were in favor of the separation, and the act of separation was passed by the Legislature. On June 17 Drs. Ilosea Rich and Joshua P. Dickin- son gave notice that they had "carried the inocculation for the kine-pock to every house and every family," and that "the sraall-pox is not, and has not been, in this place or the immediate vicinity." The reports from Ohio emigrants, on the whole, con- tinued to be discouraging. Daniel Campbell, who had removed to Columbia, from Charleston, wrote on the 23d of March that for three or four months in the year the mud and roads were so bad as to be almost im- passable. "The whole face of the country is like a hog- yard in a wet time. I should think, on a moderate cal- culation, twenty thousand souls emigrated into this State last year, and through it into the Western States. Mat- thew Hedges was here the other day, and said he be- lieved his wife had shed tears enough to grind a bushel of wet rye. If that be true I should think that there was enough among them to keep a mill a-going all the time." All the large bottoms were subject to inundation —the water rising sometimes sixty feet. On all the in- tervales and the large rivers it was rather sickly, and very sickly on the great prairies and fertile places in lUinois. "I cannot say but the laws of the country are good enough; but there doth not appear to be energy enough to execute them so far as to protect the innocent and condemn the guilty." Mr. John Ham and Mr. Newell Bean became partners in June, under the style of Ham & Bean. They kept those articles for sale, as well as "rum, brandy, Holland gm, and an assortment of wines and cordials." Mr, Ham many years afterward became a rigid temperance man, and made amends for any mischief he might have done in the sale of liqiwrs, by sacrificing a portion of his fortune in the purchase of the Franklin House for a tem- perance hotel. A comet made its appearance this summer. Its appar- ent size was that of a star of the first magnitude. The length of its train was more than twice the apparent diameter of the moon. Believers in the supernatural predicted another war. They had hardly recovered from the terror occasioned by the last war, and were in a frame of mind to predict anything. Certain elderly ladies of the more ignorant class were considerably dis- tressed. The anniversary of Independence was celebrated in Brewer by a parade of Captain Fitts's Bangor Artillery and a public dinner. There were the usual regular toasts, and this with other volunteer sentiments: "Separation: Maine has arrived at the age of man- hood and claims its freedom." Two guns. The Penobscot Court-house Corporation, having been incorporated on June 12, 1819, a meeting for or- ganization was notified to be held on July 31. On the 7th of July the Theological Seminary was per- manently established in Bangor. This institution was incorporated by the Legislature o( Massachusetts in February, 18 14, at the instance of the Orthodox Congregationalists, under the name "of "Maine Charity School." Rev. John Sawyer was very active in procuring its establishment. It was originally located in Hampden, and was designed to educate young men of proper capacity for the ministry, even though their pre- liminary education had not been liberal. The war oper- ated to its prejudice, and on March 10, 1817, a meeting was held in Hampden to resuscitate it, and a society was organized to raise funds in its aid. Martin Kinsley was made President; Rev. Mighill Blood, Vice-President; John Godfrey, Treasurer, Jehudi Ashmun, Secretary. The subscriptions were liberal beyond expectation, and agents were appointed further to increase its funds. On August 20, 1819, the Trustees of the school pub- lished a circular, setting forth the place, purposes, and position of the institution, with a view to interest the public in its welfare. They said that as early as 1810 an association was formed in Portland denominated "The Society for The- ological Education," designed to aid intelligent young men in procuring an education for the gospel ministry, and having in view the supply of the new settlements; that in February, 18 12, it obtained a charter; that a Lit- erary and Theological Seminary was essential to its suc- cess; that they appointed a committee who obtained a charter of a distinct corporation entitled "Trustees of the Maine Charity School;" with fifteen Trustees— John Sawyer, Harvey Loomis, Samuel E. Button, and Eliashib Adams, of Bangor ; Kiah Bailey, Newcastle ; Eliphalet Gillet, Hallo well; William Jenks, Bath; Mighill Blood, Bucksport ; David Thurston, Winthrop ; Jona. Fisher, Bluehill; Daniel Lovejoy, Fairfax; Edward Payson, Portland ; Thomas Williams, Brewer ; David M. Mitch- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 589 ell, Waldoboro ^ Ammi R. Mitchell, North Yarmouth ; that the trustees organized May 5, 18 14, and that the school went into operation under Mr. Jehudi Ashmun as Principal, who continued as such until November, 1817, when it contained eleven theological students. The literary department of this school during the time was in connection with the Hampden Academy. At this date the friends of the school were enabled to admit a greater number of scholars and to provide for every department of instruction. Therefore the trestees elected Rev. Abijah Wines, M. A., late of Newport, New Hampshire, Professor of Theology ; Jehudi Ashmun, B. A., Professor of Classical Literature ; Ebenezer Cheever, B. A., was placed in the academic branch. At this date (August 20, 1818,) there were under its tuition eight students from New Hampshire; six from Maine; three from Massachusetts; and two from Ver- mont, preparing for the ministry. The resources of the seminary were a few thousand dollars subscribed by the Trustees mainly; less than $1,500 subscribed by ladies in the eastern part of New England, to endow one or more scholarships ; half of the funds of the society for theological education; the 'aid of the Maine Charity School Society, that had, besides direct members, under its patronage above thirty cent societies of ladies and gentlemen; annual subscriptions; congregational collections ; the donations of benevolent individuals, and the avails of the missionary services of the instructors in the vicinity of the institution. On August 26, 1813, the Trustees voted to establish the institution permanently in that place which would give the best encouragement, and appointed Rev. Mighill Blood, Samuel E. Dutton, and Thomas Adams a com- mittee to receive propositions and to report on the first Wednesday of July, 1819. Propositions came from Castine, Bucksport, Hampden, Brewer, and Bangor. The subscriptions were for Castine, $7,644; for Bucks- port, $6,200; Hampden, with the subscriptions for the county of Penobscot, $7,751; Brewer, with the same subscriptions, $8,468; Bangor, with same, $8,960. These subscriptions for the county of Penobscot, without refer- ence to town, were $5,168. The institution was accord- ingly located in Bangor. The season of 1819 was remarkably favorable for agri- culturists. The appearance of the crops was more than usually encouraging. Mr. Jacob Chick, the keeper of the inn on Fish street, raised corn which was fit for the table on the r2th of August. During the absence of Brigadier-General Trafton, on the petition of Major Henry Little and others, approved by Acting Brigadier-General, Colonel Hodsdon, the companies ot Deer Isle, Vinalhaven, Islesborough, Sedg- wick, and Brookville were detached from the First Regi- ^ ment. First Brigade, Tenth Division, and formed into a new regiment called the Sixth. On his return, August nth, General Trafton resumed his command. On September 20th, the delegates to the Constitution- al Convention were chosen. Those from the county of Penobscot were Joseph Treat, Bangor; John Wilkins, Orrington; George Leonard, Brewer; Simeon Stetson, Hampden; Nathaniel Atkins, Exeter; Andrew Strong, Corinth; Moses Hodsdon, Levant; Daniel Wilkins, New Charlestown; EleazerW. Snow, Atkinson; Samuel Cham- berlain, Foxcroft; Amos Gordon, Garland; Samuel But_ man, Dixmont; Jackson Davis, Orono; Benjamin Shaw, Newport; Abel Ruggles, Carmel ; Cornelius CooUdge, Dexter. The annual meeting of the Hancock and Penobscot Bible Society was held at Belfast, October 5 th, sermon by Mr. Nourse, of Ellsworth. The officers were William Abbot, President; Samuel E. Dutton, Vice-President; Josiah Hook, Jr., Treasurer; Rev. M. Blood, Corres- ponding Secretary; Daniel Pike, Recording Secretary. October 6. The Young Ladies' Academy was open to youth of both sexes. The Preceptor was Mr. Baldwin. Mr. Daniel Pike had a great variety of goods on sale this month — dry goods, boots and shoes, fifes and flutes, paper-hangings, combs, cognac brandy, Sketch of Mis- sions to the Heathen, Jamaica, St. Croix, and Windward Island rum, Preacher's Manual, Holland gin, Channing's Sermon and Stuart's Reply, Port, S. M., and Lisbon wine, fish, rice, teas, coffee, sugar, tobacco, etc. Most traders did likewise at that period. On October 11 the Convention assembled at Portland to prepare a Constitution for the new State. There was considerable discussion over the style and title. Mr. William Pitt Preble, from the committee on the name, reported as its title the "Commonwealth of Maine." It was voted — 119 to 113 — to substitute "State" for "Com- monwealth." Judge Cony, of Augusta, moved to substi- tute "Columbus" for "Maine." A "Venetian manufact- urer of maps and charts" had forever defrauded the dis- coverer of America of the glory which was his due, and he desired to render him tardy justice by giving his name to the new community, and as on the nth of October Columbus discovered signs of land, and on that day the Convention met to form a Constitution for the new State, it would be fitting to commemorate the day of the dis- covery by adopting the name of the discoverer. Judge Thacher, of Saco, said that it would be long before the State could be known as Columbus when it had been so long known as Maine, and the change would occasion much inconvenience to the commercial world. Colum- bus was good; Maine was good; he liked both; but, under the circumstances, there should- be no change. The Convention agreed with him. Then Mr. Adams, of Gorham, wanted to reconsider the vote whereby "State" was adopted in preference to "Commonwealth." Judge Dana, of Fryeburg, thought there was "a degree of inef- ficiency in the association of two monosyllables," and that "Commonwealth would add dignity to Maine." General Chandler, of Monmouth, said the term Com- monwealth was "more sonorous and respectable" than State. Judge Thacher did not think it of any great im- portance which was adopted. There was greater facility in writing and pronouncing State than Commonwealth. A slight difference was sufficient to turn the scale. Mr. Emery, of Portland, thought the "lexicographical defini- tions of the word State relieved it of its want of digni- ty; he regarded the terms as nearly synonymous ; saw no 59° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. important advantage Commonwealth possessed in pomp and dignity over the simple and emphatic word State, so as to make him tremble at the alteration." Judge Bridge, of Augusta, thought the "style of Commonwealth best comported with the brevity of Maine, and corresponded to the slenderness of its sound." It was fortunate for the tongues and fingers of the men of this rapid age that the Convention had common sense enough to adopt the style of "State of Maine," rather than "Commonwealth of Columbus." The motion to reconsider was lost by a vote of yeas, loi; nays, 140. The Constitution was completed October 28, and the Convention adjourned to meet at Pordand on the first Wednesday in January, 1820. Mr. Wiggins Hill was appointed a committee to build a powder-house for the use of the town, under the direc- tion of the Selectmen. On December 6 the Constitution of the State was sub- mitted to the people of the town for their approval or disapproval. The votes for approval were 47 ; against, 4. Mr. Enoch Eaton opened a "new hatter's shop." He continued in the business many years. . Rev. William Allen, of Hanover, New Hampshire, late President of Dartmouth College, was elected Presi- dent of Bowdoin College, to supply the vacancy occa- sioned by the death of President Appleton. CHAPTER XIII. Professors Smith and Fowler Inaugurated — Annual Meeting — Vote for Governor — History of Jolin Dods Bovee — faclison Davis Elected Representative — William D. Williamson, Senator — Votes for the Constitution — An Oppressed Poetaster — Address of Representatives on the Maine and Missouri Question — Sunday-schools — Immigration — William Emerson Elected Councillor — Extra Session Court of Common Pleas — Vote for Governor — William King Elected — Wil- liam D. Williamson, President of the Senate — Report on Seal of the State — Excursion in " Boston Packet" — Thompson & Chick's Peas and Beans — Supremejudicial Court Organized — First Annual Exhibition of the Theological Seminary — State and Penobscot In- dians — Lolhrop Lewis Confers with them — County Officers AppoiHt- ed— Rev. Otis Briggs — Cavalry Company— Contest for Representative to Congress— John Dods Bovee — ^John Bovee Dods Explains — Popu- lation of Bangor--Weather — Republicans (Democrats) Propose to Set- tle their Difficulties — Contributions to the Theological Seminary. 1820. Mr. Abraham Allen and Mr. Joseph Mansfield, with their families, who left Bangor — the former in 18 17 and the latter in 1818 — for the West, came to the con- clusion that Maine was the better country, and returned here on the i6th of January. There was some alarm lest Maine would not be ad- mitted into the Union, because Congress had connected Missouri with it, and Southern members would not vote for the admission of Maine unless Missouri was admitted also, and Northern members would not vote for the ad- mission of Missouri without a clause in its Constitution prohibiting slavery in that State. Northern members enough yielded at last — among whom was John Holmes, one of the Maine Senators — and both States were ad- mitted. Revs. John Smith and Bancroft Fowler were inaugurat- ed Professors of the Theological Seminary on the 8th of March. Addresses were made by each, with which the hearers were well pleased. The former had under his charge the department of Theology; the latter that of Classical Literature. The annual meeting occurred on the 13th of March. The Clerk, Treasurer, Agent, and Superintending School Committee, were the same as those of last year. The Selectmen and Assessors were Allen Oilman, Thomas Cobb, and Wiggins Hill. For highways, $1,200 were assessed; for Mr. Loomis's salary and collecting, $840; for Bridge Company," $400; for schools, $1,200; for the poor and town charges, $1,200. The Superintending School Committee were authorized to expend $30 in re- wards to the best scholars. The Treasurer was author- ized to borrow $500, to pay certain town orders, and with other moneys in the treasury to pay the $500 bor- rowed the last year. At a meeting on April 3, William King received 136 of 231 votes for Governor. • William D. Williamson re- ceived 109 of 138 votes for Senator. John Wilkins re- ceived 57 votes for County Treasurer. Joseph Treat re ceived 82 votes for Representative to the Legislature. Jackson Davis, 96. Scattering 6. The Professors of the Theological Seminary deemed it necessary to oppose the delinquencies of a person who afterwards became quite notorious — John Dods Bovee. They represented that he offered himself as a candidate to the Seminary under the name of John Bovee Dods; that he represented, and produced a certificate from an officer of a Presbyterian church in Amsterdam, New York, that he was a member of that church, and was a suitable person to receive charitable assistance for the ministry. That his appearance of uncommon piety added strength to their representation, and he was received into the in- stitution. That it had since been discovered, and he had confessed, that the certificate was a forgery; that he had practiced a similar imposition at Andover, where he had been admitted 10 the academy, and on its discovery he had been dismissed from that institution with disgrace, and that on his examination in regard to this matter by the Trustees of the Bangor Seminary he "discovered such a destitution of moral principle and disregard for truth as was painful to witness." In connection with their statement, the professors published letters from John Adams, of Andover Phillips Academy, and of Halsey A. Wood, pastor of the church at Amsterdam, from which it appears that Bovee was very respectably connected m Amsterdam; that he had been a member of the church, had been suspended for crime, and upon evidence of re- pentance had been restored; that afterwards he obtained from his pastor a writing, saying simply that he was a member of the church in regular standing, as he de- sired it to take with him to New Jersey; that he married a daughter of a gemleman five miles from Albany, where HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 591 he resided for some time, and taught a common school in the neighborhood until he was arrested for having connection with a girl there, and was bailed by his father- in-law and sent away; that he had labored at Andover to impress the people that he was eminently pious and a proper object of charity, until there were strong pre- sumptions against him in relation to a pair of white pan- taloons and about $2 in change in one of the pockets; that his relatives were disturbed in relation to his course, and did not "entertain a shadow of a hope that he would ever change his abominable course, but were rather look- ing forward to a time, and that not far distant, when he would close his life in infamy and ruin." The statement and letter were published in the Bangor Register of March 23, 1820. Of course Bovee was dis- charged from the institution. He afterward went to Le- vant, in this county, where he, intermarried with Miss Mercy Hodsdon, daughter of Moses Hodsdon, Esq. He resided there for some time, and created great ex- citement through certain manifestations akin to those of the' present day attributed to spiritual agency. Reports reached Bangor of these extraordinary demonstrations, and gentlemen — one a military man of high position — visited Levant to test the truth of the reports. Their experience of noises in the night-time of a violent and unaccountable character was such that they had no de- sire to encounter them again. After spiritualism had made some progress, Bovee was in the field as a lec- turer, and published a book in reference to it. He was a man of considerable ability, and possessing much plausibility of manner and sufficient assurance, he kept himself before the public and upon good terms with such as did not know his history. Under the apportionment of Representatives in the new State of Maine, Bangor was classed with Orono and Sunkhaze, and the class had one Representative. Jack- son Davis was elected Representative. Mr. Williamson was elected Senator of the county, and Mr. King Gov- ernor of the State. The votes for the Constitution were 10,025 ; against it, 875. Some poor fellow who doubtless had experienced incon- venience from the frowns and, perhaps, fangs of his neighbors, sent through the county some lines upon "For- giveness," which might have had reference to the case of the ex-Andover student. It is to be hoped that the re- pentance was equal to the poetry. After putting in the mouth of the Saviour these words : "If you'll not forgive, you shall ne'er be forgiven," and 'saying that man, " no mercy would show, nor pardon the crimes of his fellows in woe," he proceeds : While drawing tliis contrast I can't but exclaim, What tender dear souls in the new State of Maine ! ! To issue their writs and take their last cent, • To open their prisons, to threat'nings give vent. To dash reputation, more precious than gold, To strip him of home and expose him to cold. To influence friends to turn him away. Amid the keen dawn of a cold winter day. Forgiveness and mercy here greatly combined, How noble their actions ! how feehng their mind ! All hands turn him off was the word of command. Or your horses are gone at once from their stand ! ! Then lock up your stable and bolt every door; The thieves are coming; hark, hear the wind roar ! ! You are in great danger,. your farms may be gone ! ! Or Breeches carried off and you left undone. A writer in the Register of April 20 thought it would be going a great way in the exercise of the virtue of for- giveness for the people of Maine to pardon the writer for "insulting their ears with such barbarous rhyme and inharmonious measure." Representatives M. Kinsley, Joshua Cushman, Ezekiel Whitman, and Enoch Lincoln, on March 7 sent forth an address from Washington to the people of Maine, in which they expressed their mortification at the manner in which Maine was linked with Missouri in being admitted into the Union, "without any regulation as to slavery." It behooved " the people of the North not to be inatten- tive to the signs of the times. Although no objection was made, on our part, to the diminution of the power of the old States in the North, by the admission of the slaveholding States in the South — not even at the present session to the admission of Alabama — -yet, the moment a State is offered in the North, gentlemen in the slave- holding States instantly cry out : ' Give us a slave-holding State in the West, as a counterpoise to its influence in the Senate, or we will not agree it' They say to Maine: " You may come into the Union ; but if you do come, you must bring with you Missouri — slaves and all — not only what she now has, but all that she may acquire to the end of time,' and if this was not done they threat- ened that 'a continuation of the Union must not be ex- pected.' " Against such a course of procedure those Representatives protested, "and refused to sanction it with their approbation, and believed they had fulfilled the reasonable expectations of their fellow-citizens. In May, the movement in regard to Sunday-schools was renewed. The people were solicited to take an in- terest in them as a means for their moral improvement. Mr. Daniel Pike, Superintendent, gave notice that the Sunday-school for the season would be commenced on the nth, and would be free to all. Families continued to arrive from the West, with the intention of settling in the county. The current of em- igration had turned towards Penobscot. The interest felt in the education of the people had expression among the members of the Grand Jury in May. Instead of taxing the new members for a "treat," all united in a contribution for the aid of schools in the new settlements. At the session of the Legislature, William Emerson, of Bangor, was elected a member of the Governor's Council for Penobscot. The Government was Republi- can, or Democratic. Governor King delivered his mes- sage on the 2d of June. The whole vote of the State for Governor was 22,914. William King received 21,083. John Chandler was elected President of the Senate, Benjamin Ames Speaker of the House, Ashur Ware was elected Secretary of State, and Joseph E. Boyd Treasurer. John Holmes and John Chandler were elected United States Senators. 592 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. William Moody was chosen President of the Senate to supply the place vacated by General Chandler. Mr. Moody shortly afterward resigned, and William D. Wil- liamson was elected President of the Senate. The Legislature provided for an extra session of the Court of Common Pleas throughout the State, for ad- ministering the oath to establish the pensions of Revolu- tionary soldiers. Fifty cents were allowed to the court and fifty cents to the clerk in each case. The session for Penobscot was held on June 27. A committee was appointed by the Legislature to re- port a seal and device, and on June 9 presented the fol- lowing as the description and explanation of the seal and arms of the State of Maine: A Shield, argent, charged with a Pine Tree, a IVIoose Deer at the foot of it recumbent. Supporters: on dexter side an Husbandman rest- ing on scythe; on sinister side: a Seaman resting on an anchor. In the foreground representing land and sea and under the Shield, the name of the State in large Roman capitals, to wit:— IVIAINE— the whole sur- rounded by a Crest, the North Star. The motto, in a label interposed between the Shield and Crest, in small Roman capitals, viz:— DIRIOO. Explanation: The Moose Deer (Cervns a Ices) is a native of the forests of Maine. When full grown it is scarcely inferior to a horse in size. It has a neck short and thick, a large head, horns dilating im- mediately from the base into a broad, palmated form; a thick, broad, heavy upper lip, hanging very much over the lower, very high shoulders and long legs. The color is a dark greyish brown, much paler on the legs and under part of the body. The hair is coarse and strong, and is much longer on the top of the shoulders and edge of the neck, than on other parts. The eyes and ears are large, the hoofs broad, and the tail extremely short. The greatest height of the Moose Deer is about seventeen hands, and the weight about twelve hundred and twenty pounds. In deep snows they collect in numbers in pine forests. ■ The Mast Pine [Atnerlcana, quinns ex utio folliculo setts) leaves five together, cones cylindrical, imbricated, smooth, longer than the leaves, crest of the anthers of two minute awl-shaped bristles. It is as well the staple of the commerce of Maine, as the pride of her forests. It is an evergreen of towering height and enormous size. It is the largest and most useful of all American Pines and the best timber for masts. Application of the Emblems. Xame. The territory embraced by the limits of the State bears the name of Maine. Crest: As in the arms of the United States, a cluster of stars repre- sents the States composing the Nation, the North Star may be con- sidered particularly applicable to the most northern members of the confederacy, or as indicating the most northern State of the Union. Motto: " Dirigo," I guide, or I direct. As the Polar Star has been considered the mariner's guide and director in conducting the ship over the pathless ocean to the desired haven, and as the centre of magnetic attraction; as it has been figuratively used to denote the point to which all affections turn, and as it is here intended to represent the State, it may be considered the citizen's guide, and the object to which the patriot's best exertions should be directed. Shield: The Pine Tree. The stately pine, with its straight body, erect head, and evergreen foliage, whose beauty is only exceeded by its usefulness, while it represents the State, will excite the constant prayer of its citizens, semper vlridis. The Moose Deer : Tlie native animal of the State, which retires be- fore the approaching steps of human inhabitancy, in his recumbent posture and undisturbed situation denotes the extent of unsettled lands, which future years may see the abode of successive generations of men, whose spirit of independence shall be untamed as this emblem, and whose liberty shall be unrestricted as the range of the Moose Deer. The Supporters of the Shield: A Husbandman with a scythe repre- sents Agriculture generally, and more particularly that of a grazing country; while a Seam.in resting on an anchor, represents Commerce and Fisheries; and both indicate that the State is supported by these primary vocations of its inhabitants. The committee probably did not have the idea that manufactures would ever be one of the interests of Maine, therefore they did not represent them upon the seal. It may be well for future generations that the com- mittee were so particular in their description of the moose deer and pine-tree, for it is not certain that they will continue to" exist so long as Maine has inhabitants. The rifle and the axe are rapidly rendering them subjects of history. The husbandman and seaman possibly may live in the future; but there are times when it would seem as if the aversion of the young men to hardening their hands by tilling the soil, and the policy of the Gov- ernment, would place the supporters of the shield in the same category with the pine and the deer. The crest and the motto will probably be understood while the stars shine and the Latin language exists; and the ex- planations may not be deemed pedantical or supereroga- tory. On June 24 Mr. William Thompson anticipated Mr. Jacob Chick in the matter of green peas. This season there was an improvement in packet ac- commodations. The rough cabins of the "coasters" were not up to the requirements of such of the people as were accustomed to make a trip or two to Boston in the year, therefore the "elegant new schooner Boston Packet," was finished in a style to meet their necessities. John Perkins, a veteran and skillful navigator, was master; and to try her fitness for the purpose designed, Rev. Mr. Loomis and several of his parishioners, with their families, made a trial trip into the bay. There was some sea- sickness notwithstanding the "superior accommodations;" nevertheless the vessel was pronounced a success, and was for a long time afterwards a favorite. A journey to Boston was no inconsiderable undertaking. A fortnight's absence was usual. A passage up occupied four or five days frequently, seldom less than two. It would have required several years to accomplish as much traveling as is now accomplished in a single season. And some of the ancients of that day would have had to live to the age of Methusaleh to master as many journeys and as many miles as some of our modern business men master in their business lives. Mr. Jacob Chick's garden yielded string beans on July 7, to his and his guests' gratification. He thought that esculent never came forward so early here before. He rejoiced in cucumbers on the 19th. Mr. Charles Burr brought new potatoes from Brewer on the 25th. Mr. Chick had green corn on the 27th. The Governor appointed Prentiss Mellen Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, and William P. Preble and Nathan Weston, Justices; Benjamin Avery, of Bath, Attor- ney-General ; and Simon Greenleaf, Reporter of Decis- ions. The first annual exhibition of the Theological Semi- nary occurred on the 2d day of August. It was well attended and interesting. The performances were by N. W. Sheldon, M. Ingalls, H.A. Merrill, J. Sewall, Jr., R. Jones, L. Wilcox, H. B. Chapin, N. Chapman, I. Dunning, E. Jones, T. Simpson, S. Stone, A. Jackson. Query — did these gentlemen establish the custom of substituting capital letters for Christian names? As the Penobscot Indians, after the separation, were within the jurisdiction of Maine, the State assumed the obligations of Massachusetts in regard to them, as it was HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 593 right that it should. But it was necessary that the tribe should assent to this, therefore the Governor and Coun- cil appointed Hon. Lathrop Lewis, of Gorhara, under a resolve of the Legislature, to treat with the Indians upon the subject. He accordingly met at the Court-house in Bangor, on August 15, the Governor and chiefs of the tribe, and in a short address-informed them of the change that had been made in the relations betwixt Maine and Massachusetts; that Maine had become an independent State, and that our Governor and chiefs no longer re- sided in Boston, but among us; that they were ready and willing to assume the obligations of the Governor of Bos- ton and enter into a new treaty to secure an exact fulfill- ment of every thing that was promised by the old, and trusted they would consider the matter and agree to ac- cept the proposition. An adjournment was then taken to the 17th, in order that the chiefs, captains, and men of the tribe might consult in regard to it. On the day to which the conference had been ad- journed Colonel Lewis again met Governor Etienne, Lieutenant-Governor Neptune, and other chiefs, at the Court-house. Captain Francis, a chief, addressed the Commissioners in his native language. He acknowl- edged the goodness of the Great Spirit, who placed the red men here before the white men came, and gave them all the land from which the waters run into the Penob- scot. He filled the forests with game and the rivers with fish for their subsistence — they were then contented and happy. When the white men came over the great waters, they received them as friends and brothers; they were then many and strong, the white men few and weak; they gave them land and permitted them to live peaceably among them, and had remained their friends. The white men were now strong, the red men weak, and wanted them to be their friends. They were well pleased that by the consent of their father, the President of the United States, the Governor and people of the old State, Maine had been formed into a new State, and hoped the time would come when the land once owned by the great Penobscot tribe would contain white men enough to form another new State. That as the Governor and people of the new State wished to take them under their care and protection, and prom- ised to do for them all their good friends, the Governor and people of Massachusetts, had agreed to do, and they placed the greatest confidence in the Governor, chiefs, and people of the State of Maine, they were willing to put themselves under their care and protection. By their last treaty with Massachusetts they relin- quished their claim to all their lands, except four town- ships and the islands in Penobscot River, above and in- cluding Oldtown, which the Commissioners — Robbins, Havis, and Hill — told them they were to hold for their • use, improvement and benefit, so long as the sun shone, waters run, trees grew, and the world lasted. They wished the Government of Maine to understand this, and to fulfill the promise made by the Government of Massachusetts. They were now ready to relinquish their claim on the old and make a treaty with the new State. Colonel Lewis replied, expressing satisfaction with what had been said, and assuring the Indians that so long as they conducted well the white men would be their friends, and expressing the hope that their reasonable expectations would be relieved, and that the new State would perform all promises to them as faithfully as the Governor and people of Massachusetts had. The treaty was signed, and the whole business was conducted with great propriety and decorum. After the delivery of the papers Governor Etienne and Lieutenant-Governor Neptune were each presented by Colonel Lewis with a piece of fine scarlet broad- cloth for coats. He presented each of the chiefs with a silver brooch, on which were engraved the Arms of the State. The presents were made in the name of Gover- nor King. The chiefs were much gratified with their presents, and with the new arrangements for the benefit of their people. On July II, prior to Colonel Lewis's visit to Bangor, Lieutenant-Governor John Neptune and several other chiefs visited Portland and were introduced to Governor King and the Council in the Senate Chamber. The in- terview excited some curiosity, and a large number of citizens were present. The Governor addressed them, saying that our chiefs no longer resided in Boston; that their visit gave him pleasure; that their fathers were our friends and we were their friends; that their fathers, long since, " helped us to drive away the redcoats;" that m the last \yar they did right to take no part; we were strong enough without them; that we should consider them our children; and they should have everything from us that our friends in Boston promised them. Colonel Lewis would talk to them for us, and they could believe everything he said. Neptune replied through an interpreter: I thank you for the good you say. You see us well to-day. Christ is our Saviour as yours. He is the same to us all — no difference of color. The same Heaven is for the black men and the white men. One thing in particular I wish to say to-day. Perhaps we get nothing for it. The white people take the fish in the river so they do not get up to us. They take them with weirs; they take them with dip-net. They are all gone before they get to us. The Indians get none. If yoa can stop them so that we can get fish, too, we shall be very glad. There is another thing— our hunting privilege. The white men come and spoil all the game. They catch all the young ones and the old ones. We fake the old ones and leave the young ones till they grow bigger and are worth more. We wish the white men to be stopped from hunting. They take the timber— they have teams and oxen to haul the trees. Indians have no teams; no oxen to haul tim- ber. We wish your Government to stop the white men from hunting — put their traps in their chests. Let white men have the timber and the Indians have the game. You see us here very poor. If we were not poor you would see us better dressed. We want you to give us something so that when you see us again you will know us. Perhaps a hat, or shoes, or powder and shot. One word more. We want a new Agent. You have a new Govern- ment, a new State. We want you to give us a new Agent. The Governor promised that what had been said about the wing, the dip-nets, and hedges down in Penobscot Bay, should be attended to, and hoped that the injmy done to their fishery would not be much longer a subject of com- 594 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. plaint; that he was sorry to learn that white people in- terfered with their hunting, because it was not in our power to prevent it ; that as to white people hauling tim- ber, they could do so too. If they had oxen, they could; and could employ them in ploughing their grounds and becoming good farmers. In regard to an new agent, he had no objection; wished them to be satis- fied, and that the agent should be their friend as well as ours. That their request for something to remember them by should be complied with, and General Cony should provide for their accommodations and wants. Mr. Alexander Savage, whose handsome chirography may be seen in the town and in the Probate records, taught a writing school this season. In September there was an examination of the students of the Young Ladies' Academy, with which the Trustees expressed great satisfaction. "The first class of young ladies appeared to great, advantage in reading their own compositions, as well as in history, and in rhetoric and criticism. The pieces selected by the young masters were so well spoken as to afford no inconsiderable enter- tainment." The number of students in constant attend- ance was between forty and fifty. The Governor appointed David Perham, Judge of Probate for Penobscot county; Enoch Brown, Chief Justice of Court of Sessions; Isaac Hodsdon and Daniel Wilkins, Associates ; Alexander Savage, Register of Pro- bate. Erastus Foote was appointed Attorney-General of the State. Rev. Otis Briggs, who had for some time been the preceptor of Hampden Academy, gave notice on Sep- tember 21, that the fall term commenced on the rSth and students would be received at twenty cents per week, and board could be obtained in his family at $1.50 per week. The company of rawiliy was in existence this year underthe comniand ofCipiain tlraiit, of Hampden. On September 27, Simon 13. ll.iniiiian,ot Bangor, was elected Lieutenant, and Gershom Flagg, of Hampden, Cornet. With October came political excitement. On the 13th September the Republicans of the Fourth Congressional District, at Bucksport, nominated William D. Williamson as candidate for Representative to Congress, and Francis Carr as candidate for Elector. Mr, .Kinsley's friends, who were disappointed by this nomination, thought it was effected by a sleight of hand and by keeping the people of Penobscot in the dark in regard to a change in the old mode of representation, by a few individuals at the court in Castine. Here was trouble in the party. But outside of the party there was but one opinion, that as Mr. Williamson could not "possibly bear all the burdens of the people," and was "now tolerably well loaded with offices," it would "be best to try and find some other person who would answer to represent us in Con- gress, and let Mr. \Villiamson (for a short time, at least) try how well he could bear the weights of office he had upon him." Therefore the Federalists at Eastport, on the 29th September, nominated Jacob McGaw as a per- son who, being burthened with no office, could attend to the interests of the district. Others thought John Wil- kins could represent the people well, and that Horatio G. Balch or Lemuel Trescott could serve as Electors. The candidates for Congress, who were finally put before the people of the district in this canvass, were Mr. Williamson, Mr. Kinsley, Mr. McGaw, and Mr. Wilkins. l^he meetings were held on November 6th. Bangor shows its appreciation of the candidates by giving Mr. Williamson 25 votes, Mr. McGaw 41, and Mr. Wilkins 20. Brewer gave Williamson 5, McGaw 17, Wilkins i; Orrington gave Wilkins 51, Kinsley i, the other candi- dates none. The votes in the district were, for William- son 608, for McGaw 289, for Wilkins 126, for Kinsley 152, for J. Cooper 160, scattering 30. Mr. Williamson required 150 votes more to be elected. • Mr. John Bovee Dods, after taking sufficient time, on November 15th issued a statement intended to relieve his reputation from the stigrta cast upon it by Rev. Halsey A. Wood. He had intended to abide the "judg- ment of the great day" in regard to his errors and those of his slanderers. He would "not be understood to re- fer to any of the officers and students of the institution, but to all those persons who have not only made publfc remarks, but a thousand additions to the published let- ters of Halsey A. Wood." He said that Mr. Wood had acknowledged two of his statements to be erroneous — that he h'ad given him no later certificate, and that he was in Amsterdam early in the summer of 1819; but he had not altered that in relation to the affair in the vicinity of Albany, that would be "decided hereafter in a more serious contest." He challenged any one to prove any statement Wood had made against him. In relation to his change of name he made this explanation: " My family name is Bovee ; but it is customary among the Dutch to permit their children to be offered up in baptism by a godfather in the Dutch Reformed churches. After this manner I was presented for baptism by John Dods, my mother's brother. I, therefore, according to this custom, take upon me this name. My youngest brother was offered up in baptism by Phihp Vedder. It is always customary that the eldest son should retain the family name and annex to his own the first letter of his father's given name. The name given to my father was Jacob; therefore my eldest brother's name is Matthias Jacob Bovee. The wife, also, after the death of her husband, again subscribed her maiden name, retaining only the first letter of her husband's name." He an- nexes a certificate signed Jane B. Dods, Matthias J. Bovee, Philip Bovee Vedder, and several other Bovees, that they had never given Halsey A. Wood,, or any other person, permission to publish John's name throughout the Union. They did not, however, deny that Mr. Wood's statement in regard to John's conduct was true. The only thing striking in Mr. Dods's statement is his disposition to forgive his calumniators. By the census taken this year, the population of Ban- gor was 1,221, showing an increase since 1810 of 37i' That of Hampden was 1,478, increase 199. Brewer, 734; Orrington, 1,049; Increase of both in the decade, 444. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 595 The weather in December was unusually cold, even for that season of the year. The mercury on high ground stood at twenty-six degrees, and near the river at thirty and three-fourths degrees below zero, at 8 o'clock p. m. Mr. Williamson sent circulars this month to every town in Maine for materials for his history. A meeting of the Republicans of the county of Penob- scot was notified to meet at Mrs. Hatch's tavern, on the 4th January, 1821, to see if a candidate for Congress could be agreed upon, and the difificulty in the party settled. The subscriptions and contributions in money for the Theological Seminary in the months of June, July, and August, were 64, in sums varying from $1 to $76 each, amounting in all to $498.08. In September, October, and November, they were 75, in sums varying from $1 to $163 each, amounting to $667.19. CHAPTER XIV. Penobscot Agricultural Society Formed — Canvass for Representative in Congress — The Mails — Comet — The Aspirants for Office — Town Meeting — Officers lilected — Appropriations — First Congregational Meeting-house — General Herrick Appointed Sheriff — Isaac Hodsdon Clerk of Courts — Receipts of Seminary — Ice — Earthquake — Mr. Wil- liamson Made Governor in Place of Mr. King, resigned — Mr. Davenport Gives the Seminary Its Site — Bangor Young Ladies' Academy — Hampden Academy — Colonel Webster — Premiums Offered by the Penobscot Agricultural iSociety — Williamson Resigns the Post- office — Clark Appointed Postmaster — Fourth of July — Boys' Cel- ebration — " Federalist" — Candidates for Governor — Mr." Williamson Elected to Congress — George W. Pickering — L. & L. Crane — Charles Hammond's Block — Bent's Bake-house — ^Moses Hurley's Stages — Death of Hon. F. Carr — Supreme judicial Court — Chief Justice Mellen's Charge — Snow October 19 — Cattle Show — Governor Williamson and General. Herrick — A Political Controversy — The Mi- litia System— Musters Criticised — A Court-martial and Its Result— A Military Arrest — Troops Complimented — Receipts of the Sem- inary. The interest in regard to agriculture found expression early this year in the formation of the Penobscot Agri- cultural Society. A meeting was held at the Court-house on the 3d of January, at which General Jedidiah Herrick presided, and Daniel Pike was Secretary. A committee of one from each town in the county was appointed to solicit subscriptions and collect the assessments of one dollar a year from the members, and Jedidiah Herrick, Philo H. Washburne, Samuel E. Dutton, Francis Carr, Simeon Stetson, Zeba French, David Perham, Samuel Clark, and Green Sanborn were appointed Trustees; Daniel Pike, Treasurer. The subject of Representative to Congress was re- newed. At the meeting at Mrs. Hatch's Tavern,, at which Wiggins Hill was chosen Chairman and Thomas Treadwell Secretary, the Bucksport nomination of Mr. Williamson was "cordially approved," and the meeting was declared adjourned "««£ qua non." It was said that a friend of Mr. VVilkins called this meeting, and four Federalists acted in it. But An Elector was of opinion that "if talents, integrity, and an unim- peachable character were considered as any recommenda- tions to public notice, and his profession as a lawyer was no objection, Jacob McGaw, Esq., was in every respect deserving the support of the intelligent and independent electors of the district." This writer was doubtless a "Federal Republican." But there was still dissatisfaction with Mr. Williamson among the "Democratic Republicans." Some said only nine towns in the county were represented at the Hatch Tavern meeting, when there were twenty-seven towns in the county, and it was simply a caucus nomination of only a third part of the county. Some thought a man should not be taken for Congress because he was a mem- ber of a particular party, without regard to talents or qualifications, but "a liberal man, a man of talents and integrity," such as Mr. McGaw, should be taken. The wrangling increased, and Mr. S. Harriman stepped into the area and proclaimed John Wilkins "to be an upright, faithful, honest, judicious, and capable man for any of- fice," therefore as suitable to represent the Fourth Dis- trict in Congress. Mr. Wilkins, being Collector of United States Taxes, was calling for the arrearages of the direct tax of 1798. . The second trial for Representative to Congress oc- curred on the 22d of January. The votes in Bangor were: For McGaw, 48; Wilkins, 26; Williamson, 24; Kinsley, none; scattering i. In the district, Williamson received 863, against 944 for all others. There was no choice. The mails were a subject of complaint. One mail a week was hardly up to the requirements of a growing community, when it was received regularly by the way of the Kennebec, but after the Post-ofBce Department changed its route and sent it to Buckport and across the Penobscot twice it became so old and diluted by the time it reached Bangor that it was of "very little service." In March a comet of considerable brilliancy attracted attention. Mr. Wilkins, in consequence of his aspirations for Congress, was disturbed by the appearance of a rival for the offices of Register of Deeds and County Treasurer. Thomas Cobb, who had been for twenty years Register of Deeds, County Treasurer and Clerk of the County in the county of Hancock, and more recently Clerk of the Courts in Penobscot county, but supplanted by Isaac Hodsdon, was presented for Mr, Wilkins's places, and it was said that Mr. Wilkins was not satisfied with those offices because of his efforts to get into Congress, there- fore neither he nor his friends had cause of complaint because another candidate was set up against him. The annual town meeting was held March 12. Thomas Cobb was again elected Town Clerk ; Thomas Cobb, Wiggins Hill, and James Tilton, Selectmen and Assessors; Thomas A. Hill, Treasurer; Allen Oilman, Agent; Harvey Loomis, Hosea Rich, Thomas Cobb, Superintending School Committee. For schools $800 were raised; for highways $1,000; 596 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. for Mr. Loomis's salary $870 ; for the Bridge Company $400; for the Treasurer $15 for his services: to the Assessors $i.33>4 per day were to be paid "while en- gaged in the duties of their offices." The Superintend- ing School Committee were supplied with $25 for rewards for the best scholars. The Treasurer was au- thorized to borrow $500. At another meeting, on this day, Thomas Cobb re- ceived 63 votes for Register of Deeds, and John Wilkins 53. Thomas Cobb received 68 votes for County Treas- urer, and John Wilkins 49. But the county did not know Mr. Cobb as well as they did Mr. Wilkins, there- fore it elected the latter. On March 29 the Bangor Meetmg House Corporation (Congregationalist) issued proposals for materials and the building of a house of wood, seventy-two feet long by fifty-two feet wide, and thirty feet post, with a cupola. The members of the Legislature nominated Governor King for re-election. The Governor and Council appointed Jedidiah Her- rick, of Hampden, Sheriff of the county ; Isaac Hods- don, of Corinth, Clerk of the County ; Ephraim Good- ale, of Orrington, and Zeba French, of Dexter, Justices of the Court of Sessions. The receipts for the Bangor Seminary in the three months from January, inclusive, in sums of from $1 to $50, were $840.67. April 15 the ice left the river, and the schooner Auro- ra, Captain Joshua Jordan, arrived from Boston, loaded with goods. The shock of an earthquake was felt on the sth of May. It commenced with a heavy rumbling, which was followed by a detonation loud as the heaviest thunder, and then a rumbling again. In some instances crockery ware was thrown from shelves, and the houses were con siderably shaken. The night and morning had been tempestuous, with snow, wind, and rain, which contin- ued in the forenoon. The earthquake was felt between 7 and 8 o'clock a. m. It was probably the severest shock that has been felt in Bangor in this century. Mr. Williamson, who had been for some time Post- master of Bangor, being also Senator from Penobscot and President of the Senate, left Bangor for Portland on the 17th of May to assume the position of Governor of the State, Governor King having accepted the appointment of Commissioner, with Hugh White and L. W. Tazewell, for the settlement of claims under the treaty with Spain, to sit in Washington the same month. The Penobscot Agricultural Society, having obtained an act of incorporation, organized upon the 1 7th of May and proceeded vigorously to work. Martin Kinsley was made President; Jonathan Farrar and Benjamin Butman, Vice-Presidents; Daniel Pike, Recording Secretary and Treasurer; and Archibald Jones, of Frankfort, Corre- sponding Secretary; which officers ex officio, and Jed- idiah Herrick, Samuel E. Dutton, Simeon Stetson, Wil- liam R. Ware, Jacob McGaw, Francis Carr, Rufus Gil- more, Ephraim Goodale, Seba French, Joshua Stock- well, Jonathan Sibley, Joshua Lane, Joseph Bridgham, Jr., and John Swan were made the Trustees. The Governor appointed Allen Oilman County Attor- ney for Penobscot. On May 28 Governor King addressed a letter to the committee who had notified him of his re-nomination for Governor, declining to accept it, for the reason that he had concluded to accept the appointment of Commis- sioner, a less eligible position than that of Govetnor, which he resigned, as the "unfortunate claimants in this section of the country asked, in the most feeling terms, his attention to the business of the Commission, fearing if he should decline that another person might not be selected from our State." On the same day Mr. Williamson was inducted into the office of Governor in the Senate chamber in Port- land, "in presence of a large and respectable number of citizens from different parts of the State." On June 4 Mr. Isaac Davenport, of Milton, Massa- chusetts, presented the Theological Institution with a deed of a site for its permanent buildings, valued at $r,- 000. In this month the Trustees of the Bangor Young Ladies' Academy elected their officers for the year, and made ar- rangements for its future usefulness. Preceptor Briggs continued in Hampden Academy, and gave notice that tui- tion was still twenty cents per week, and board could "now be obtained not only m the family of the Preceptor, at 9 shillings per week, but in the family of the Hon. Judge Kinsley, and other most respectable families." A military election was held on the 20th. Major Eb- enezer Webster was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fourth Regiment, First Brigade, Third Division, and Captain Joshua W. Carr, Major. The gardens of Mr. Jacob Chick and Mrs. Hatch yielded green peas on the 23d June, well-filled. The public mind in June was turned toward the selec- tion of a candidate for Governor. The persons most prominent wtre. General Joshua Wingate, Jr., of Port- land; General John Chandler, of Monmouth; and Judge Albion K. Parris, of Paris. Mr. Chandler at once de- clined to be considered a candidate, and opinion began to concentrate upon Judge Parris. The Trustees of the Penobscot Agricultural Society determined to hold a cattle show on the i8th of Octo- ber, and offered their premiums of from $5 to $25. This latter premium was to be given to the person who should "furnish satisfactory evidence of having discov- ered a cheap, certain, and effectual mode of destroying wood-lice upon fruit trees." Mr. Williamson resigned the office of Postmaster, and Major Royal Clark was appointed. The anniversary of independence was celebrated by the usual salutes and a public dinner at Lumbert's tav- ern, to which about forty citizens sat down, and "the countenance of every one," says the Register, "indicated much good feeling, and a«general expression of warm national partialities gave an interest to the occasion sel- dom witnessed." The last regular toast was: "The Downfall of Party — a union of all honest men." The boys, to whom the uproar and excitement of the Fourth of July is the greatest treat of the whole year, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 597 had erected a fort of cobble-stones on the hill west of Main street, below the Bangor House, in which they had placed a swivel in order to salute a company of lads that was to visit them from Hampden. They were up early in the morning, and by i or 2 o'clock had succeeded by ringing the bell and firing their swivel and muskets, and making every other noise they could invent, in getting the whole town awake. Some time in the forenoon the company from Hampden, under Captain William A. Howard — who has since been a prominent captain in the revenue service of the country — made its appearance prettily uniformed, and attracted much attention by its soldierly appearance. The boys, of course, renewed their labors at the swivel, and Captain Howard's com- pany was handsomely received by a company of Bangor lads that had been extemporized for the occasion. After exhibiting their proficiency in marching and drill to the admiring lookers-on, they sat down at Mr. Jacob Chick's table and partook of his green peas and the other nice things he had provided for them. On the whole the boys had an exceptional good time on that day, as many of them remember. Mr. Chick's peas were probably more tender than those of Mr. R. T. Man, of Sangerville, which were ready for the table as early as the 12th of June this year. In July the excitement in regard to a candidate for Governor had much increased. The epithet of " Fed- eralist," which since the Hartford convention had be- come obnoxious, was applied profusely by those calling themselves Democratic Republicans to their opponents. Mr. Parris and Mr. VVingate were the two candidates in the field. Mr. Wingate was a Republican, and Mr. Parris was in fellowship with that party. But a troublesome memory presented to the people the fact that the latter gentleman was once a Federalist, and not only he, but William King, John Holmes, Abiel Wood, Benjamin Green, Mark L. Hill, and Erastus Foote. But Mr. Holmes said of Mr. Parris, that "his father was a respectable farmer, and he himself was brought up and identified with a population exclusively agricultural." But Mr. Wingate, while Mr. Parris had been fighting smgle-handed against the opposers of the Administration, had been enjoying the emoluments of the Custom-house, and the public had rewarded, him with property which had been estimated at $100,000; but it was "exceedingly questionable whether the habits there imbibed were very consistent with the prudence, economy, and frugality of a new and agricultural State." Mr. Parris was the more popular and received the nom- ination in various counties, and was afterwards elected Governor by a very large vote. The interest in the Fourth Congressional District was concentrated in the canvass for Representative to Con- gress. Mr. Williamson-was recommended by a conven- tion at Castine on July 1 r, as the candidate regularly nominated by a convention at Bucksport, who should be supported by the Republicans, and on August 6 he was agam nominated by a convention at Bucksport, having received fourteen votes to Mr. Kinsley's twelve, and one scattering. Still there were Republicans who considered this Bucksport meeting packed and unfair. But a con- vention at Bangor on the 7 th of August, at which Isaac Case was nominated for Senator and John Wilkins for Register of Deeds and Treasurer, approved the Bucks- port nomination of Mr. Williamson. Simeon Stetson was a candidate for the nomination for Senator, and Thomas Cobb for Register of Deeds and Treasurer at this convention. They had a very small number of the votes, but their friends were' dissatis- fied that they were not nominated, and held a meeting at Lumbert's tavern and nominated Mr. Stetson for the Sen- ate and Mr. Cobb for Congress. The tickets were now presented to the electors of the district. The "Repubhcan ticket," with Albion K. Parris for Governor; Isaac Case for Senator; John Wil- kins, for Register and Treasurer; and William D. William- son, for Representative to Congress; and the "Union Ticket," with Simeon Stetson, for Senator, and Thomas Cobb, for Representative to Congress. The canvass became interesting and amusing. It was claimed for Mr. Williamson that he knew the principles of law and could combat Southern lawyers, and we Northeners had not our proportion of lawyers in Con- gress; most of our Representatives were farmers at home; and Mr. \Villiamson could do something for us, while Mr. Kinsley could not, having been there two years with- out saying or dbing anything that was ever heard of for our benefit ; and Mr. Cobb, although as clever as the day was long (except his Federal notions), would make but a poor figure and do but little good where his head swam as it would swim if he went to Congress; and as for Cooper and Mowry, they were both notorious smugglers and British agents, and unfit to represent a free people. On the other hand, it was denied that Mr. Williamson was sufficiently acquainted with the principles of law to combat successfully the prejudices of Southern lawyers; and we Northern folks had too many of that gentry in Congress, most of whom, when at home, knew nothing about farming; then Mr. Williamson would do nothing for us more than Mr. Kinsley ; but Mr. Cobb, besides being as clever as the day is long, would prove more efficient rn the Government than a brigade of goose-quill heroes. Then if we suffered ourselves "to be divided and scattered by such restless and ambitious men as Judge K., W. D. W., Cooper, Mowry, and the Lord knows who, we may go on to eternity without effecting an election, and to balance the evil of being represented by such truck, we might fondly realize the blessing of attending frequent town meetings." While these and more bitter things were said of the several candidates, Mr. Larry Costigan, of Sunkhaze, continued patiently to wear a beaver hat which had been in constant service for fifty-five years. He, however, ex- pressed the belief that he was entitled to a new one, but made no complaint that, his personal qualities and qualifi- cations had not been discussed with reference to his fit- ness for Conpress. On September rSth the trial was had for the election to the several offices. In Bangor Mr. Parris received 54 votes; Mr. Wingate, 36 ; and Mr. Whitman, 38; 598 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. scattering 3. Mr. Stetson received 66 votes for Senator; Mr. Case, 75. Mr. Williamson received 58 votes for Congress; Mr. Cobb, 47 ; Mr. Kinsley, 9. In Hampden Mr. Stetson received 147 votes; Mr. Case 2; Mr. Williamson, 6; Mr. Kinsley, 40; Mr. Cobb, 23. Mr. Williamson received 1,823 votes against 1,816, and was elected. There was no election of Senator. On September 4th a military election was made in Brewer of Messenger Fisher, captain of the "New Wren- thara" company, »/« Captain Copeland, resigned; En- sign Russell Hart, Lieutenant, and Alexander A. Fisher, Ensign. Moses Burley established a new line of stages between Bangor and Augusta this month. The route was through Hampden, Newburg, Dixmont, Joy (Troy), Unity, Ligonia, Clinton, Winslow, and Vassalborough. It left Bangor on Thursday, at 11 o'clock, a. m., and reached Augusta on Friday at 6 p. m. Left Augusta on Wednesday at 4 o'clock, and arrived at Bangor at 10 o'clock A. M., Thursday. Fare, $4-7S- On September 12th George W. Pickering opened "new goods" at the new store opposite Messrs. L. & L. Cram's. This firm transacted business in the middle store of a wooden block of three stores, that was erected by Charles Hammond on the east side of West Market Square. In the rear of this building was the bake-house of Major David J. Bent. The building in which* Mr. Pickering commenced business was completed this year. It was a frame block of two stores, and stood on the recent site of the Kenduskeag bank, occupying more ground, how- ever. It was Mr. Pickering's place of business for many years. The Messrs. Cram, who were doing a thriving busi- ness in"all sorts of goods, found a rival in Mr. Pickering, who was a native of Bangor and popular. There was considerable competition for the trade. Hon. Francis Carr died on October 5th, at the age of sixty-nine. He came first to Brewer from Newbury, and afterward removed to Bangor. He was a prominent citizen and ])olitician, and represented the district in Congress. The Supreme Judicial Court held its first session in Bangor on the first Tuesday of this month. The three Judges, Mellen, Weston, and Preble, were upon the Bench. Chief Justice Mellen made a charge to the Grand Jury, which was published by their special request. After re- ferring to the "mildness and equity of our laws," and the advantages the American people possessed for political and social happiness, and the necessity of vigi- lence in regard to the execution of the laws, and defining the various crimes and misdemeanors of which the Grand Jury were required to take notice, he called attention to several important matters, essential to the welfare of the people, over which the people, as individuals, had con- trol — the proper training by parents and masters of those under their care; good family government; public worship on the Lord's day. The practice of attending public services on this day would produce habits of attention to those duties (of parents) and respectful deportment to all of reverence to the laws of their Maker and of the Gov- ernment under which they live; it will tend to form them into good citizens, and gradually diminish the number of those who disgrace themselves by their vices and disturb the happiness and good order of the community. "Idleness was the mother of a thousand crimes." The young should be honestly and industriously em- ployed. Vicious and profane company corrupted not only good manners, but the heart. Another monstrous evil, which was extending its devastating influence in our country, bringing disgrace as well as ruin upon thou- sands, was intemperance. " Let us all do our endeavor to effect a discontinuance of this destructive practice." The Chief Justice thought it a cause of congratulation that a term of this court was to be held annually in Ban- gor, for the more convenient administration of justice'; that respect for the laws and confidence in those who ad- minister them was of vital importance ; that, compared with the mhabitants of any other country, we are free and happy in the proudest import of those terms ; and that, "in proportion to our privileges and blessings, is our ob- ligation to preserve them "; that the subjects he had re- ferred to were momentous, and he trusted that "this new and interesting occasion would give them increased im- portance and lasting effect." Snow fell on October 19. The sleighing was so good that Colonel Joshua Lane rode from his house in Hamp- den, a distance of six and a half miles, in a sleigh with three hundred pounds' weight besides himself, in fifty-five minutes. The cattle-show was held m Baiigor at the time ap- pointed, and the "chief part of the cattle and articles exhibited would have made a respectable appearance at any cattle-show." Colonel Joshua Lane received the society's premium of $5 for butter; Captain William Comins, of Eddington, received the premium of $5 for cheese ; Hon. Ephraim Goodale, of Orrington, had much credit for seventeen varieties of apples, and seven of choice pears, of his own raising. The exhibition of domestic manufactures was not gratifying to the trustees. An address was delivered by Jacob McGaw, Esq., and a copy was requested for publication, but he declined to have it published. Mr. Benjamin Bussey, of Boston, presented the society with $50, being gratified with its exhibition. Charles Plummer took the stock of books of Daniel Pike, and opened a book-store and bindery in connection with it. Before Mr. Williamson left the Governor's chair, he removed General Herrick from the oflSce of Sheriff, and appointed Major Royal Clark to the place. The Port- land Gazette regretted the removal of this "faithful, prompt, and intelligent officer," saying that no charge could be "brought against him but that of entertaining political opinions different from the ruling powers," and "thus we are furnished with a new illustration of the doctrine of conciliation." To this a person, signing him- self "Penobscot," said that Mr. Clark was "at least as faithful, prompt, and intelligent as the late Sheriff, and would be as easily satisfied with the honest fees of office. . HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 599 Out of this change of officials came a painful contro- versy. A writer, under the title of "Sidney No. i And pigmies rule," commenced by saying that he was " no office-seeker, or dependant upon office," that he was " no hot-blooded politician oi' religious bigot," but he had not arrived at that state of stoical philosophy that he " could view with indifference the intrigues of de- signing demagogues and ignorant political empirics." He had for some time seen " in our infant State com- binations among little, weak, and unprincipled politicians for the mercenary purpose of procuring the individuals concerned to be elected or appointed to offices to which, by their natural diminutivenass and paucity of talents, they would never be entitled." He would warn these " Jackalents " of the fate of the frog in the fable, and would soon take notice of the article of " Penobscot." But the notice of " Penobscot " in " Sidney No. 2 " was simply an arraignment of Governor Williamson and his Council. It had been understood, when the new State was organized, that the poHcy of the Government in regard to officers should be conciliatory; that although the incumbents were Federalists there should be no gen- eral removal, but a portion retained, and Democrats should be appointed in the places of the other portion. In Penobscot county, as between the Sheriff and the Clerk, Governor King and his Council thought it better to retain General Herrick as Sheriff, and appoint General Hodsdon as Clerk, in place of Mr. Cobb, who was a lawyer, and had been in office a long time. But when Mr. Williamson (whom the people had no more thought of making Governor than they had of making him Grand Sultan) clomb into the Executive window he ejected from office one old faithful Sheriff, and thus at once destroyed the fabric which Governor King had so cautiously reared^ He could not wait -the short months until Governor Parris, whom the people had elected, came into office, but he must take advantage of his accidental power to thrust from office one against whom there was " no other evidence of his official misconduct than what could be derived from a sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal." He adverted to the inconsistency of the Council (in which he implicates Mr. Emerson), who, with Governor King, had sustained him, in uniting with Governor Williamson in removing him, without notice or giving him an opportun- ity to be heard; and as to the base insinuation of " Penob- scot" of " various instances of extortion objected against him," he would reply to that hereafter. To this a writer over the signature of "Kenduskeag" replied that the writer of Sidney was General Herrick himself; that his object was to make the people of other counties beUeve that he was removed for his political opinions; but Mr. Williamson and Mr. Emerson well knew what were the wishes of the people of their coun- • ty m regard to him — that his removal was "demanded , in that language which is, and ever ought to be irresisti- ble." As to "the old, faithful officers " party, it was im- possible to tell to which political party he belonged — both parties seemed to have passed upon him a sentence of excommunication. In "Sidney No. 3," the writer, after saying that he in- troduces individual characters not from any pleasure, but to illustrate his general doctrine "that it is not safe or prudent to put men in office who are wholly incompetent to discharge the duties of their station," he proceeds to examine the assertion of Penobscot that "in August, 1820, various instances of extortion were objected against " Herrick. The present Council had concurred in his appointment in February or March, 182 1, after the subject had been canvassed for months by them, "and after every objection that could be generated by envy, jealousy, malice, and competition had been argued with the greatest force and acrimony; backed in one instance by family connexions, and in another by religious sympa- thy;" yet this Council, six months after the objections were made and proof offered, confirmed the appointment of General Herrick — that man "Penobscot" charged with being guilty of extortion ! The writer "by exonerating them from censure in making the removal, convicts them of conniving at extortion by making the appointment." . "It would be a gross libel on the citizens of Penobscot to assert that they could sympathize with Mr. Williamson in his personal hostility to General Herrick, or with the Council in their oscillating policy." He then enumerated the moral, intellectual, and physical qualities necessary in a Sheriff, all which General Herrick possessed, and although Major Clark might possess them yet the question of the removal was one between the people and the Executive. In "Sidney — No. 4," the writer has some general re- marks in regard to the indulgence of party spirit. In time of peace we should prepare for war. Party zeal had somewhat subsided now, but opposition was arising in the South against John Quincy Adams as a candidate for the Presidency; and from the intemperance with which the South pursued the Missouri question, we could not expect the calm long to continue. As to "Kendus- keag's" communication, as he "did not wield an assas- sin's dagger, but a chastising rod, he must be excused if he did not take much notice of it." Mr. Williamson was so much annoyed by the ''Sidney" criticisms that he made an effort to procure the name of the writer of those papers, by threatening the printer in the following note: Bangok, November 21, 1821. Mr. James Burton, Sik:— As you in your last Register published libellous matter on my character, nothing else will satisfy me and the public than that you immediately make in your paper a satisfactory apology and confession for the wrong you have done, give up the real name of the writer under the signature "Sidney," or answer it yourself at the next term of the Supreme Judicial Court in this County. I am yours, &c. , Wm. D. Williamson. Mr. Burton said he had "endeavored to avoid all per- sonal abuse and 'libellous matter,' and thought that in this, as yet, he had been perfectly successful — that 'Sid- ney' was personally unknown to him, but he hoped that, if necessary, he would come forward with his name. Such \yas his 'apology,' etc." "Sidney" came forward in No. 5 with a severe castiga- tion of Mr. Williamson for this attempt to interfere with the liberty of the press. Was it possible that he "is so ignorant of the dispositions of freemen and of the nature 6oo HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. of our republican' institutions as to imagine that he can stop the mouths of freemen and deter them from writing their thoughts freely on the subject of his official miscon- duct? Does he really think that he has become Pope or Emperor, and that by the word of his power or the majesty of his name, he can awe them into silence? Vain and impotent attempt of an impotent mind ! " He assumed that Mr. Williamson was " Kenduskeag," and denied his charge that he had tried to mislead the people and make them believe that the removal of General Her- rick was in consequence of his political opinions. This was not true, for he had "established the fact that the removal was without any cause, either political, natural, or moral." In "Sidney — No. 6," which is the last of these papers, the writer undertakes to show, among other things, that the act of Mr. Williamson in removing General Herrick was "in opposition to the spirit of the Constitution," be- cause he was not elected to that office, and it was not one of the "duties" devolving upon an accidental Gov- ernor, such as he, to remove officers appointed by legit- imate Governors. The propositions of this writer were not replied to, ex- cepting when he illustrated them by referring to the case of Williamson and Herrick. Then the friends of Mr. Williamson felt called upon to reply. A writer over the name of "December" justified the removal of General Herrick by citing a case of extortion, saying that " for some time past General Herrick had been in the practice of taking too much fees." An instance had accidentally come to his knowledge "where the fees charged on twelve small precepts were $i8.2i, and the legal fees on the same precepts were only $ii.6o," making the sum of "extorted fees" $6.61. From that he argued that if the Sheriff's fees in one year amounted to $1,500, at that rate the amount of extorted fees would be $854.74; and in five years, to $4,273. 70 ! He inquired if General Her- rick was not a bankrupt when first appointed (five years before), and if so, how he had maintained his family, paid his debts, and become rich in so short a time unless he did it by taking too much fees and hiring deputies by the month ? A friend of Mr. Burton, the printer, at this stage takes up the cudgel against Mr. Williamson under the name of "Sidney Secundus," in a bit of irony. He places the Governor in the category with George the Fourth, who was going to war with Spain because a Spanish newspaper said his majesty was about marrying a young princess eighteen years of age, and added "that the news can ex- cite no surprise, since there are persons to whom all crimes are permitted, and who, although the objects of general execration, nevertheless enjoy all the favors of fortune." The Spaniards "saw no matter of prosecution in the act alleged," and could not give England satisfac- tion by punishing the printer. The writer was at a loss at first to know for what "libellous matter" he was to be calle4 before the Supreme Court. But on looking back through the papers of Sidney he found that he had charged his Excellency with " climbing into the Executive window," and as we are told that " he who entereth not by the door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber," there was no manner of doubt that Mr. Sidney had been guilty of writing and Mr. Burton of printing "libellous matter" against Mr. Williamson. Now although Sidney had completed his strictures, yet Gen. Herrick had something to say. " December " had touched him to the quick. He found much fault with Mr. Burton for withholding from him the names of his scurrilous and malicious slanderers, and thought the manner in which he had performed the duties of the "highly responsible and somewhat difficult office of Sheriff for five years, was sufficient answer to their charges. That specific allegation of, taking $6.6i illegal fees had been made against him when he was a candidate for ap- pointment, and when the facts were understood had no weight, and 'December' knew that a disclosure of the whole truth would have convicted him of falsehood, and proved the villainous character of the charge." Respect for the feelings of others not connected with the discus- sion, prevented him from giving the facts himself The manifestations of respect of the field officers of the brig- ade showed their confidence in him. All the emolu- ments of his office made a gross average of $11.35 P^"" annum, from which must be deducted a loss of twenty per cent, for bad debts and traveling expenses. As his supporting his family, paying his debts, and becoming rich, were matters of innocent speculation, his enemies might pursue it as long as it would give them amusement or satisfaction. Two other articles from " December " and " Penob- scot," brought this exciting controversy to a close. The criticism to be made of it is, that, like all political con- troversies, where there is some private grief, the principal p'arties did not have sufficient self-control. After the con- troversy was over they stood with the-public as well as ihey did before it began. Governor Williamson had the same right to remove General Herrick that General Jackson had to remove a great many officers whose term had not expired ; and it was well understood that the charges against General Herrick were on account of the malfeas- ance of some of his subordinates. They both had their political friends and political enemies, and continued to have so long as they continued in political life. They were both valuable members of the community. They now " rest from their labors, and their works do follow them." The militia system was considered burthensomc by many of the people. The men capable of performing duty were called out about three times a year, and as none but volunteer companies appeared in uniform there was nothing to create any enthusiasm in the privates. Very few, except very young men aspiring to the offices, took any interest in the drill ; the appearance of a militia company in the street was a subject of burlesque: the time spent was considered by many as so much money lost; and the annual musters were deemed the occasion of much immorality. They afforded great amusement to crowds of men, women, and children who came from long distances — some to sell pumpkin pies, gingerbread, cider, apples, molasses candy, and such other com- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 6oi estibles as a hungry rabble would be compelled to pur- chase for want of better — some to sell liquors — some to encourage gaming and to gamble — some to sell knick- knacks from carts — some to fiddle and some to dance — and all to hear the music and the noise and to sec what was to be seen. The general and his staff, the field officers, and the volunteer companies were the admira- tion of the boys and girls and childish adults, and the maneuvering of the troops sometimes attracted attention; but there was a growing feeling that the benefits derived from these displays were not sufficient to warrant their be. ing sustained by the State. Consequently much litigation grew out of the neglect of individuals to perform military duty when summoned, and some insubordination among the officers. A court-martial was held at Hampden on November 10, for the trial of Colonel Ziba Marsh, of Orono, for neglecting to call out his company in 1820; for neglect- ing to make out the annual inspection return; for neglect- ing to take the oath to qualify him for the duties of his office; and for neglecting to call out and appear with his company at the muster in October of that year — in other words with treating the whole matter with con- tempt, and he further manifested his contempt by not ap- pearing at the trial, whereupon the court proceeded to try and find him guilty of all but the first charge, and to sentence him to be divested of his commission and to be disquahfied from holding any office in the militia for five years. It is to be presumed that he treated the conclusion with the same contempt with which he had treated the prehrainaries. Captain Rufus Holbrook, of the artillery, also came under discipline. He was arrested by Brigadier-General Trafton for setting on foot a combination to resist the orders of a commissioned officer, for wilfully oppressing those under his command, and for other misdemeanors. General Herrick relieved Holbrook from arrest and or- dered a court of inquiry. General Herrick, who had been detained from the reviews by the indisposition of his family, from the reports made to him of the improvement of the troops in discipline and tactics felt it his duty to compliment them. The receipts for the Theological Seminary between April I and October 9, from subscriptions, donations, and public collections, were $1,505.69. 76 CHAPTER XV. Albion K. Parris Governor of Maine — Earthquake — Wilmot Wood — Tlieological Seminary Subscriptions — Annual Election — Cattle in Streets — School Money— Broad-rimmed Wheels — Court of Common Pleas — Orrington Rifle Company — Annexation of Frankfort — Drum and Fife Serenaders — Artillery Election — Captain Holbrook's Court of Inquiry — Bangor Bank Suspension — Sharp Criticisms — Bank Re- sumes — Davis & Weed — Main Street — Sale of Pews in First Meeting House — Captain Wilhams's Artillery Celebrates the "Fourth" — Hon. Martin Kinsley Appointed Judge of Probate — Academy — Seminary Exibition — State Election — Supreme Judicial Court — Appleford Case — Death of John Emerson — Death of Lothrop Lewis — Massa- chusetts Commissioners — Sheriff Clark becomes Gaoler — Gaol Broken— John Godfrey Appointed Chief Justice Court of Sessions — Cattle Show — Posting Drunkards —Deaf and Dumb Portrait Painter — Brewster — A Young Lady's Poetry. 1822. On the 4th of January, 1822, Albion K. Parris was qualified as Governor of Maine. He was the fifth individual who had held that office in the new State within the first year of its existence. The first was Wil- liain King,- elected by the people; the second, William D. Williarnson, the second President of the Senate in 1821, and, by virtue thereof, was inducted into the Gu- bernatorial chair because of the resignation of Governor King to accept the office of Commissioner on the Span- ish Treaty; the third was Benjamin Ames, Speaker of the House, on whom devolved the duties of Governor on Mr. Williamson's resignation to accept a seat in Con- gress; the fourth was Daniel Rose, who was elected Presi- dent of the Senate on the assembling of the Legislature of 1822, when Mr. Ames's authority ceased; and the fifth was Albion K. Parris, elected by the people. A slight shock of an earthquake was felt in Bangor on the 28th between i and 2 o'clock a. m. In February Wilmot Wood, from Wiscasset, estab- lished himself in Bangor in the practice of law. The subscriptions and donations for the Theological Seminary between October 9, 1821, and March 9, 1822, amounted to $1,604. 13. At the annual meeting Alexander Savage was chosen Town Clerk; Amos Palten, Treasurer; William Emerson, Agent; Allen Oilman, Wiggins Hill, and James Tilton, Selectmen, Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor; Harvey Loomis, Hosea Rich, and Allen Oilman, Superintending School Committee. The amount of moneys appropri- ated was, for schools, $800; Rev. Mr. Loomis's salary, $840; town charges, $800; for the Bridge Company, $400; to build a bridge across the Kenduskeag at Six- mile Falls, $200; for highways, $1,500. Cattle were prohibited from running at large in the streets within half a mile from the Kenduskeag bridge between the first days of December and April, and dur- ing the remainder of the year between 8 o'clock p. M. and sunrise. It was voted to pay the Treasurer $25 for his services during the year. Moses Patten was refused the privilege of receiving and appropriating his proportion of the school money to the private instruction of his children. He lived upon the Levant road about two miles from any school, and sent his children to the Young Ladies' Academy, of which Mr. Willard was preceptor. 6o2 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. . It was voted that the Selectmen allow a premium to "any person or persons" who would use exclusively "broad-rimmed wheels," not exceeding, however, $6 for the first year. Ezekiel Whitman, of Portland; Samuel E. Smith, of Wiscasset; and David Perham, of Brewer, were ap- pointed Judges of the Court of Common Pleas. The Orrington Rifle Company on April s elected for officers David Nickerson, second, captam; Hiram Noiirse, lieutenant; Seth Eldridge, ensign. They partook of a dinner at Captain Atwood's, and among the sentiments given was: "The Orrington Rifle Company— May their example be the means of assisting in the dissemination of that patriotism which shall wipe from Penobscot the disgrace of former transactions." This referred to the affair at Hampden in 1814, of which military men felt quite enough ashamed. This company became remarkably efficient m drill, and at- tracted much admiration for years, whenever it appeared. Its uniform was of green, and its movements were those of a perfect machine. An attempt was made this year to procure the annexa- •tion of Frankfort to Penobscot county. Hancock county opposed it, and very much interest was not mani- fested by Penobscot county in favor of it; therefore Frankfort continued a part of Hancock county until Waldo county was incorporated, when it constituted a part of that. The proprietors of Kenduskeag Point laid out their lands into house and store lots, and offered two hundred for sale. In their advertisement they say that "the town, which till recently was scarcely known, has now a bank. Court-house, and other establishments in it of public utility, and is assuraini? rank among the important places of business in the new State." The village had not yet become so large that two people behind that number of drums, with a persistent fifer, could fail to make themselves heard by a large por- tion of the population. And as there were at least that number of men who during the evenings of the month of May devoted their energies to developing the re- sources of a great and little drum to a fife accompani- ment, it is not to be wondered at that there was at length an uprising of such of the people as in consequence of the devotion of these men were unable to sleep after they had retired to their beds. One unmusical individual of this species made a public remonstrance against it, declaring that he considered it an evil thing, and a great annoyance, that every man, woman, and child in the village, whether sick or well, asleep or awake, dead or alive, should be compelled, nolens volens, to become hearers." The occasion of it, perhaps, was the endeavor of a few to keep up the military spirit, which required these noisy appliances. The Bangor artillery having lost its captain, George W. Brown, by resignation, came together this month and elected Lieutenapt John Williams captain; John Sargent, lieutenant; and Daniel Dole, second lieu- tenant. Captain Williams possessed much military ardor and a firm belief in all expedients necessary to create martial enthusiasm. It is not presumed that he was the remonstrant against the nocturnal harmonies of the drums and fife, who gave utterance to the indignant language above quoted. The Court of Inquiry ordered by General Herrick re- ported that a court-martial for the trial of Captain Hol- brook was expedient. It was thought, however, that Captain Holbrook would remove from the State and avoid the consequences of a finding against him. His discharge from arrest by General Herrick was the occa- sion of severe strictures upon the conduct of that officer. In June the little community was startled by rumors involving the solvency of the Bangor Bank. This insti- tution had been established in order to aid the business men ; but, the capital being small, it was deemed neces- sary, to carry out the intentions of its Directors, to have an agent in Boston, and capitalists who would render them aid when it was wanted. The Directors of the bank were Samuel E. Button, Eliashib Adams, Thomas A. Hill, John Barker, and Jo- seph Leavitt. Mr. Dutton was President, and Mr. Adams Cashier. The capital stock was $100,000, and divided into 1,000 shares. Eliashib Adams was the owner of 75 shares; John Barker of 30 ; Samuel E. Dutton of 200 ; Thomas A. Hill of 85; Joseph Leavitt of 104; Ashur Adams, of Boston, of 134; E. T. Andrews, of Boston, of 166; John French, of Boston, of 100; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, of 20 ; Isaac Case, of Levant, of 3 ; S. S. Crosby, of Bangor, of 30; David J. Bent of 18; Moses Patten of 5 ; Daniel Kimball of 5 ; John Godfrey of 3 ; Maine Charity School of 30. The Boston stockholders were the agents in that city. Mr. Adams was the acting agent, and received a compensation of $350 per annum and a commission of a quarter per cent. Messrs. An- drews and French assisted in managing the funds, but received no compensation. Mr. Adams and some debt- ors of the bank failed, consequently suspicion arose in regard to the effect upon the bank. The bills had- been redeemed at the New England Bank, at a discount. This bank presently stopped redeeming, and the credit of the Bangor Bank suffered. There had been the failure of the Castine Bank, of the Hallowell Bank, and of other country banks in Massa- chusetts, and when the report of the failure of the Ban- gor Bank became current in Boston there was much ex- citement. A large meeting of the holders of its bills was held at the Marlboro Hotel on June 13, and a com- mittee was appointed to investigate the proceedings of the bank. The newspapers commented severely upon the failure, as they called it, and without knowing any- thing of the facts, favored the worst suspicions. Messrs. Andrews and French were called upon to answer questions implying wrong-doing, and representations were made of the distress of poor laborers who held the bills and could get rid of them only at a large discount, while their fam- ilies were crying for bread. Messrs. Andrews and French were honorable gentle- men, and disposed to do what they could to aid the bank HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 603 and relieve the community ; but as they could not do everything in a day, they published a card, simply deny- ing the imputation of the questions, and asking the pub- lic to suspend its judgment until an investigation could be made, and giving it as their opinion that the bills would be paid in full. The Directors of the bank also published a card saying that the losses by the failures in Boston were not so great as was at first apprehended, and they were making every exertion to resume specie payments, which they hoped to be able to do in a few months. While the investigation was in progress the New Eng- land Galaxy — the Thersites of newspapers — under the charge of Joseph T. Buckingham, came into the arena. "One would think," it said, "to judge from the quantity of bills in circulation, that all the specie in the United States was deposited in Bangor. A person to whom this observation was made, remarked that it might be so, but he doubted it — Bangor was a little village of about twenty buildings, scattered on the banks of the Penobscot River, in the same manner that we would suppose a parcel.of frogs would collect round a mud-puddle in spring. There were, three years ago, about as many shop-keepers in the place as were wanted for directors of the bank; and they were probably located there for that purpose. These store-keepers sell their goods for lumber entirely ; they send their lumber to sell here, and with the pro- ceeds purchase more goods; that if there was as much specie as the bills seem to indicate, it kept in the bank, there was none to be seen in the village. Lumber is a 'legal tender' there, would buy any goods or pay any debts, and that he could not see why they wanted a bank at all; unless, indeed, they made their bills payable in lumber, and had the bank vaults filled with clapboards, shingles, boards, etc." This aroused the indignation of a Bangor writer, who had feared the reputation of his town would suffer from the failure of the bank, but he "did not anticipate such terrible destruction! What! to be reduced instanter from a thriving and populous town — the shire town of the county of Penobscot, having a Court-house, gaol, and just now a new and elegant meeting-house, a theologi- cal institution, a Young Ladies' Academy, public and private schools, more or less, an athenaeum or reading- room, a social library, a post-oflSce and printing-office, flour-mills, clothing-mills, carding machines, (not to men- tion saw-mills, for we are allowed to have lumber), and most of the useful mechanics; twenty mercantile stores, twelve or fifteen wharves, public squares, eight-rod streets, etc., etc., to say nothing of eight lawyers and all the concomitant evils of sheriffs, notaries, coroners, and constables — to be reduced to a little village, to be all swept away at one fell swoop, saving and excepting ^twenty buildings, scattered like frogs round a mud-puddle!" "But why all this denunciation of Bangor, because, . forsooth, three men of the great city of Boston and five •nen of the little village of Bangor have issued more notes than they were able to redeem ? What ! has no person a right to become bankrupt but the merchants of Boston?" The Boston Committee made a report on the 15th of July exonerating the-Directors from any unfairness, and were satisfied that they had made every exertion to pre- serve the credit of the bank; they had given their respon- sibility to their agents in Boston for $46,000, and their bills were dishonored without notice to provide further funds. They condemned the practice of country banks, which had been adopted by the Bangor bank, of entrust- ing the management of the business to agents remote from the location of the bank, as in their opinion "preg- nant with evil." The Directors had given assurances that all their bills of a less denomination than five dollars should be paid by the first day of the next October, and all others by the first day of the next December, with interest on all, and these assurances the committee thought might be relied on. Not more than twenty per cent, of the capital stock could be absorbed by the losses made or apprehended, and they saw no reason to doubt the solvency of the bank ; and they had full confidence in the honorable intentions of the directors. On the 28th of November Thomas A. Hill, per order, published a notice in the Boston papers and in the Eastern Argus, that the bank had resumed specie pay- ments and had abundant means in Boston to continue their business with entire security to the public. Mr. Leavitt made a note in his journal on December 28, that the bank was "in good repute and the stock at par value." On June 20 Zadock Davis and Benjamin Weed gave notice that they had erected a building near the hay- scales on the westerly side of the Kenduskeag, where they kept for sale boots, shoes, and leather, and Mr. Davis added a gentle hint to his customers that June was "drawing rapidly to a close." At this time John Reynolds's tailoring shop was on the southerly side of Main street say forty or fifty feet from the corner of West Market Place ; a little further up the street was Simon Harriman's blacksmith shop ; next were the hay-scales ; then Davis & Weed's building ; next Hill & Dole's cabinet-maker's shop (nearly opposite the Hatch House) ; next a vacant lot ; next Thomas A. Hill's residence; next John Barker's buildings, which ex- tended nearly to Water street. There were vacant places between the shops and buildings of greater or less extent. The pews of the First Parish Meeting House were sold on June 24 for $10,878. The cost of the land and building was about $8,000. The subscriptions and donations to the Theological Seminary' between March 9 and June 9, amounted to $1,182.16, besides books, papers, and clothing of consid- erable value. Captain John Williams and his Artillery Company did not permit the anniversary of American Independence to pass unobserved. At sunrise those citizens who had succeeded in sleeping through the uproar created by the boys during the night, were aroused by a patriotic peal of the guns. At eight o'clock the company paraded in full uniform, and performed a variety of evolutions. At noon "they fired a national salute of twenty-four guns, which made the welkin ring." At two o'clock they sat 6o4 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.- down to partake of the green peas of Mr. Chick and other dainties that he had provided for their patriotic appetites. The sentiments did full honor to the Ameri- can Eagle. Among them were: "The Day: May it continue a jubilee to the last syllable of recorded time. "The Signers of the Declaration of Independence: May the scroll which preserves their names be held sacred, " ' Till Nature's self the Vandal torch shall raise, And the vast alcove of creation blaze.' "The American Fair: May their smiles encourage, their hearts admire, and their virtues reward patriotism and valor." General Holman, of Massachusetts, and Colonel Lewis, of Gorham, Commissioners to survey the four ranges of townships north of the Bingham Lottery lands, and to explore other lands owned in common by Maine and Massachusetts, were in Bangor on business connected with their commission. Hon. Martin Kinsley was appointed by the Governor Judge of Probate for the county of Penobscot. Luther H. Hills, a prominent merchant, died of pul- monary consumption July 14, at the age of thirty-one. He had many friends, and his death occasioned great sor- row throughout the town. On the 17th, the First Parish Meeting House was dedi- cated. Mr. Chick's green corn came upon the table on the 31st ot July. The Young Ladies' Academy, since Mr. Baldwin left it, had been under the charge of Mr. Willard until the summer of this year. Mr. Josiah Brewer became the Pre- ceptor of the school, and commenced the fall term on the 5th of September. The annual exhibition of the Theological Seminary oc- curred on the 28th of August, in the First Parish house of worship. The attendance was large, and the perform- ances were very satisfactoiy. The candidates for the min- istry were Ingalls, Merrill, Shelden, Wilcox, and Chapin. Their orations were sensible and entertaining. These gentlemen obtained settlements and were useful ministers. On September 9th occurred the annual election of State officers. The vote of Bangor was for Albion K. Parris for Governor, 77; Ezekiel Whitman, 31; Joshua Wingate, 9. For Senator, Isaac Case received 62 votes; Benjamin Nourse, 55. For Representative to the Legislature, Samuel Call re- ceived 73 votes; Joseph Treat, 45. John Wilkins received 60 votes for County Treasurer. Governor Parris was re-elected. Messrs. Case, Call, and Wilkins were elected to the offices for which they were candidates. The Supreme Court commenced its fall session on the first Tuesday of October, with Chief Justice Mellen and Justice Weston upon the Bench. At this session a case was tried which attracted unusual attention. Stephen Appleford was indicted for assault and bat- tery, the abduction and false imprisonment of a child al- leged to be Ruth Ames, the daughter of Daniel and Mary Ames, of the age of three years and ten months. Attorney-General Foote conducted the case in behalf of the Government, and the celebrated Benjamin Orr, of Brunswick, was assigned as the counsel of Appleford. The Court-house was thronged during the trial— the galleries being filled with ladies. The facts proved to the court were, that on the 6th day of June Mrs. Ames sent the child to a neighbor's, who lived about half a mile distant, to carry a towel. On the road was a small wood through which the child passed, and the mother watched her until she had gone through and nearly reached the house to which she was sent. From this time nothing more was seen or heard of the child. Alarmed at her not returning, the mother went in pursuit of her, and found that she had not been to the house, whereupon the neighborhood was aroused, and a search was instituted. The people of seven or eight of the neighboring towns, hearing of the loss, and full of sympathy for the distracted parents, united in the search. The woods, the streams, aud every place were examined, but without success. As many as three hun- dred persons were engaged in the search for two days, when they gave it up in despair, believing the child had become the food of the wolf or some other ferocious an- imal of the woods. After the lapse of eleven weeks a report reached the parents in Sangerville that a man by the name of Apple- ford — a sort of vagabond — had appeared in Hallowell with a child answering to the description of that theyhad lost. The father immediately went to Hallowell to ascer- tain whether it was indeed his. He did not recognize it. Its hair was short, while Ruth's was long; and he found no scar upon her hand, such as his daughter had; and he immediately went home. But the mother had made up her mind that it could be none other than her child. She clung to this last hope, and would not relinquish it. She insisted that the child at Hallowell should be sent for and brought to Sangerville, A man by the name of Oaks was despatched to Hallowell to bring the child, armed with this description of her person: "Description of Ruth Ames, who was lost on the 6th of June, 1822, aged three years and ten months when lost. Middling as to size; rather clumsy in body and limbs; very light hair; light blue eyes; had scars on its right hand, the forefinger, little finger, and thumb; the thumb shorter than the other, scarred by burning; was scarred on its belly; reels when it walks; could not talk distinctly. Taken as Mr. and Mrs. Ames gave in. Guy Carlton." The parents told Mr. Carlton they could recollect no other mark. Oaks brought the child to Sangerville at the instance of the Selectmen, notwithstanding difference was found in the length of the thumb, and no distinct marks could be found upon it corresponding to those in the de- scription, though some thought there was a slight scar on the hand and some marks upon the body. But there was a wart, a scar of a boil on the left hip, and a scar of vaccination on this child. Oaks testified that, in reply to his questions, the child sometimes called her name Mary Clifford, sometimes Mary Stafford, and sometimes HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 60s Ruth Ames; that she named the house to which she was sent on the 6th of June; that she said that Appleford was not her father; that when brought to Sangerville, Mr. and Mrs. Ames, with a crowd of other people, met her at a house about a mile distant from their own; that a ring was formed about her by persons of both sexes, and when she was asked which was her mother she stretched her hands towards Mrs. Ames and wished to go to her. On the road she had called several middle-aged women mother, and one or two old ladies grandmother. Oaks said that Appleford claimed that the name of the child was Sally Appleford. He followed the child to Sanger- ville, and was in the room when the child appeared to recognize Mrs. Ames as its mother. Mrs. Ames testified that at first she had painful mis- givings as to whether it was her child. Her doubts con- tinued for several days. But she identified it by its age, size, expression of countenance, color of the hair and eyes and complexion, by a wart on the left hand, by a small scar of vaccination on the left arm, by a scar of a boil on the left hip, by slight scars of a scald on the breast and abdomen, and by some faint traces of a burn on the left hand; that soon after her return the child recognized her clothing and toys, among which were some bits of calico that she accurately drew from a par- cel, leaving the rest as not her own, that she asked for calico which was formerly in a basket that she recognized, that she gave a correct account of the breaking one of her toys, for which she had been chastised, that there were instances of her recollecting places, persons, and events, although in this she did not manifest any extraordinary quickness or excitement, that she was a lively, playful child, and would readily go to any one who showed her a kindness, but did not give a clear account of where she had been, that she — the mother — now felt confident that the child was her own, and had as much affection for her as she had for any other of her children. It was proved in defense that on the 8th and 9th of June, four days after the child was lost, Appleford was in Wrentham, Massachusetts, nearly three hundred miles from Sangerville, with a child of the apparent size, age, and appearance of that taken from him at Hallowell, that when she was taken from him he insisted that she was his own flesh and blood, but gave his consent that she might be taken to Mrs. Ames to satisfy her that it was not the child she had lost. He represented himself to be an Englishman by birth, that his wife had recently died in the State of New York, that he had formerly worked for Dr. Vaughan in Hallo- well, that he had lived in Buffalo and in Lewiston, near Lake Ontario; that he had left there in the spring with the child to come to Hallowell, and that he came by way of Albany and received assistance on the way. Three or four witnesses testified that he was in Wren- tham as early as the lothof June with a child resembling this. It was proved that he manifested great affection for the child, and that he was anxious in regard to it; that he reached Sangerville in advance of her. The evidence was such that Mr. Orr was willing to submit the case to the jury without remarks. He, as -well as many others, were satisfied that a case had not been 'made out, but the jury were not able to agree. Appleford was a very ignorant and somewhat simple man. He had been confined in jail for his alleged of- fence; he had no money, no friends. When the case was understood, the sympathies of many went out to him; they could not believe that he was other than the father of the child, and that the yearning of Mrs. Ames for her lost one had led her to the conclusion that this was her child against the first evidence of her senses. The interest in the trial was enhanced by the manner in which it was tried. The Attorney-General, a con- ceited man, with a |-)iping voice, but of much ability, suc- ceeded in so shapmg the evidence as to obfuscate some members of the jury, notwithstanding the efforts of Mr. Grr to have it receive its natural construction. The sharp repartees and sarcasm of this gentleman would have sorely disturbed most men, but the conceit of the attorney was proof against all. Appleford was ordered to recognize for his appearance at the next term of the court. Some gentlemen became his bail, and it was not long after the case was reported in the newspapers before evidence came from abroad sus- taining Appleford's statements conclusively. Rev. John Marsh, minister of Haddam, Connecticut, testified that he saw Appleford with his child in Attleborough, Massa- chusetts, on the 5th of June, and that he said that he had buried his wife on the banks of Ontario, and had brouglit Sally in his arms and on his back to that place. Robert Anderson, Supervisor of Gaines, New York, cer- tified that Stephen Appleford's wife Betsey died there in February, 1822, and that Appleford, with his child Sally, left and went to parts unknown. A letter from Fitch Chamberlain, of Gaines, to a gentleman in Bangor, gave the history of Appleford, described the child, stated that the parents had been in his employ in harvesting, and that he left in March, 1822. Affidavits of Oliver Booth, Overseer of the Poor of Gaines, and others, said that the family were foreigners and paupers; that the wife died as above stated, and the father and child left for Canada, but had been heard from traveling East, and fully de- scribing the child. The evidence received was so conclusive that the At- torney-General signified his intention of entering a nolle prosequi at the next term of the court, and an application was made to Judge Weston at Augusta for a writ of habeas corpus. It was granted, and Daniel Ames himself came to the conclusion that, although it was a very mys- terious' affair, the child could not be that which he lost. He therefore surrendered her with this note: To Mr. Stephen Appleford : This may signify to you that I volun- tarily give up to you Sally Appleford, as she is called, whom you claim to be your daughter, and whom I have been required bya writ of Habeas Corpus, issued by Judge Weston, to bring before him immedi- ately — And I do hereby relinquish all claim to said child , and engage never more to reclaim her, nor to require any compensation fur her board or damages of you for any supposed caption of her, the said S. Appleford. David Ames. Sangerville, Feb., 1823. On the 4th of October John Emerson, a merchant of the firm of John & William Emerson, died. He was a 6o6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. man of position in the community, and his loss was . deeply lamented. His age was forty-five. In the next week, October 9, occurred the death of Hon. Lothrop Lewis, in this town, at the age of fifty- eight. He had the confidence of the governments of Maine and Massachusetts, and had held several respon- sible positions under both. At the time of his death he was serving as Commissioner under the act of separation, on the part of Maine, in surveying lands, preparatory to setting off to Maine those of the value of $30,000 as an indemnity for the assumption of payment of the annuities to the Penobscot Indians. General Holman was the Commissioner on the" part of Massachusetts. The resi- dence of Colonel Lewis was Gorham. His death was sudden and unexpected. In his death the State lost a valuable servant. In October Messrs. Lincoln, Bliss, and Holman, of Massachusetts, Messrs. Bridge and Porter of Maine, Commissioners under the act of separation, with James L. Child, Secretary of the Board, made a three days' in- spection of the public lands as far as Passadumkeag. Major Royal Clark, Sheriff of the county, assumed the duties of jailer. But the dignity of the former office brought no additional strength to the latter in securing prisoners. The Major arose on the morning of October 1 2th to find that a forger, a fighter, and a thief had each walked through the wooden walls of the jail, and left nothing for him to do but offer a reward of $40 for their return to his keeping. John Godfrey was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the res- ignation of Enoch Brown. On the 17th October the annual cattle show of the Penobscot Agricultural Society was held in town. Much interest was taken in the exhibition. The committee were of opinion that in the eighteen months of its, exist- ence, the condition of the society was better than that of any "of the older and wealthier counties of the State." Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury, and Amasa Stetson, of Dorchester, each gave the society $50. The gift of the latter was to be expended in premiums for the best essays on clearing new. lands, with particular reference to avoid- ing injury by fires to lands not intended to be cleared. Major Clark was again astonished on the morning of the 6th of November to find that a counterfeiter and two thieves had manifested their dissatisfaction with their quarters and his strict surveillance, by leaving the gaol on the night before, and giving him an opportunity to ofl'er $100 for their return. At the rate the offers were accumulating, it would not be long before they would amount to a sum large enough to build a gaol from which no prisoner could escape— that is, if the prisoners should ' not be captured. It was customary in these years for the Selectmen of towns to caution retailers of liquor against supplying per- sons addicted to excessive drinking, whom they named, without regard to the feelings of their families; as if the exposure of a person lost to all sense of shame or the community would be benefited by it. It would have been sufficient to publicly caution the sellers of liquor by the glass, not to sell to any such; and avoided subjecting their friends to mortification by publishing their names. Mr. John Brewster, a portrait painter, deaf and dumb, and a gentlemanly person, appeared in town in Novem- ber, and gave notice that if any would please to call, they would " be pleased with the striking likenesses of his, and with the reasonableness of his prices," and if there was "no application made to him within ten days, he would leave the town." Applications were made and the prices suited. A young lady was informed that she was no favorite of the muses, when in good faith she wrote the following lines, and many more like them. On the Approach of Winter: Winter ! stern winter comes in advance A month or more 'fore nom'nal time, And forces the mind's eye to a glance Centripetal, to more Southern clime. But, then ! the thoughts on health are cast. Nay life — chief good to man — of course. And bids avoid th' pestiferous blast. With more than centrifugal force. CHAPTER XVL Mr. WilHamson in Congress — Movement for Fortifying Penobscot River — Agents for Settlement of Massachusetts's Claim on Account of War of 1812 — Annual Town Meeting — Gun-house — Crow Bounty — Republican (Democratic) Controversy about Representative to Congress — Emerson and Kidder Nominated — Williamson Withdraws in Favor of Somerset — Kidder Elected — Bovee Dods opens a School — John C. Mayhew Elected Lieutenant of Artillery — Gaol Limits— A Carper — Earthquake — Fourth of July — "Independent Volunteers" — Standard Presented — Northwest Avenue — School Among the Pen- obscot Indians — Singular Confession and Retraction — Unitarian So- ciety — Baptist Society— Levi Cram Elected Captain of Artillery- Davis & Weed — General Trafton's Sword — Senatorial and Represen- tative Divisions — State Election — Hammond Street Cemetery Dis- continued — Death of John Giddings — Singular Case of Mr. Gotobed et al. — Death of Nathan Parsons— Agricultural Society Exhibition— Bangor Bank— Daniel Cole Elected Captain of , Artillery— Mr. Coburn and Bangor Academy Exhibition — William Hamraatt— Oilman Harriman— John Reynolds— Complaint of the Land Agent — Loafers— Jealousy — Indians — Candidates for Representative and Electors— General Treat Elected to the Legislature— Adams Elec- tors Chosen in the County — Brewer Congregational Meeting-house Built— Newell Bean, Gaoler— Abel M. Quimby, Preceptor— Davis & Weed — Lumber Business — Good Season. 1823. Mr. Williamson called the attention of Con- gress to the defenseless situation of the people upon the Penobscot River in the time of war, and obtained the passage of a resolve in the House that the President be required to cause a survey to be made of the Bay and river, and to determine in regard to the expediency of constructing a battery or other fortification in or near Prospect, on the west side of the river. This was the inception of the measures that resulted in the erection of Fort Knox, a work that is much neg- lected, while by this time it should be near completion. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 607 Mr. Zadock Davis, shoe-dealer, published his pro- nunciamento to his debtors in January, 1823. His al- lusions to lawyers and deputy sheriffs contained much that was alluring to those useful members of society, while they had a stimulating effect upon many delinquent men of business, who were standing upon foundations made by him and his partner — Weed — and which only lawyers and deputy sheriffs could shake. The Governor and Council appointed William King agent on the subject of claims for reimbursement to Massachusetts of expenses incurred in the War of 181 2, and John Godfrey and Isaac Hodsdon to settle the claims assigned by Massachusetts to this State for Penobscot county. At the annual town meeting Wiggins Hill, James Tilton, and Isaac Hodsdon were elected Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor; Alexander Savage was elected Town Clerk; Amos Patten, Treasurer; John Godfrey, Town Agent; Harvey Loomis, William D. Williamson, and Hosea Rich, Superintending School Committee. The number of Tythingmen had now become reduced to three. These were Eliashib Adams, Royal Clark, William Lowder. Moneys were appropriated for schools, $1,200; for highways, $2,000; for town charges, $600; for repair of bridge over brook above Lover's Leap, $25. The gun-house stood on land at the intersection of Hammond and High streets. A committee was raised to ascertain what title could be obtained to that land. On the same day the town voted to pay a bounty of twenty-five cents for each crow killed in town. A difficulty arose between the Republican electors of Somerset and Penobscot in regard to a candidate for Representative to Congress from this District. A con- vention at Dexter, on March 6th, nominated William Emerson, of Bangor; another convention at Norridge- wock, on March 12th, nominated David Kidder, of Nor- ridgewock. The reasons given for this last nomination were that Somerset was the elder and larger county of the two, and entitled to the first Representative ; that the representa- tives of the two counties at Portland, when it was ar- ranged to have the convention at Dexter, so understood it; that on the day of the convention there was a violent storm of rain, and " the delegates from the county of Penobscot, taking advantage of their local situation and the inclemency of the weather, were, in the midst of power, disposed to forget right; and that then, after several trials, Mr. Emerson was nominated by a majority of but one. By no less than five friends of Mr. Emerson were most of these statements denied; it was said that his nomin- ation was perfectly fair ; that he "was honest, capable, had ever been the friend of the people, and done more for the section of the country where he lived than any other man." But a friend of Mr. Williamson did not ap- prove the nomination of a supporter of a duellist — Mr. Crawford — for the Presidency, as Mr. Emerson was, when Mr. Williamson, "a man of moral and religious prin- ciple," who from principle would support the best man for President, had "represented Penobscot in the last Con- gress to the entire satisfaction of all his constituents." But Mr. Williamson withdrew his name in favor of Somerset. On March 17th, Gorham Parks gave notice that he had established himself in Bangor as an attorney at law. In the course of the canvass for Representative to Con- gress, Mr. Kidder, or some other person, was charged with ransacking the purlieus of the Court-house in Nor- ridgewock, and assembling twenty-four men from differ- ent towns, who voted unanimously as a convention to support David Kidder for Congress. Mr. Kidder took fire at this as "slander and billingsgate abuse heaped upon him personally," and pronounced the charge, so far as it respected himself, "an absolute falsehood; and the writer, whoever he might be, a liar and calumniator." Mr. Kidder had not probably been long in the political arena, or he would have saved his dignity by permitting his friends to take care that their candidate stood right before the public, and kept himself to himself The day fixed for the voting for Representatives was the 7th of April. Mr. Emerson received in Bangor, 99 votes; Mr. Kidder, 68; there were 3 scattering. Mr. Kidder was elected in the district. The famous John Bovee Dods — John Dods Bovee — opened a school in April, to teach "the English grammar on an improved plan," by which he alleged that as much knowledge could be communicated in twelve lessons as was usually taught in several months by the common mode. Conditions, $3 for ladies, and $5 for gentlemen. It did not come to light that Bangor contained, after the labors of Mr. Dods were completed, any better or larger number of grammarians than other towns of the same size. Mr. Zadock Davis gave notice that those notes and accounts that had not been attended to were at the office of Mr. Williamson. John A. Mayhew was elected lieutenant of the Bangor Artillery, vice John Sargent, resigned. On the question of extending the gaol limits to the exterior boundary of the county, on the petition of a large number of respectable inhabitants, the laws relating to the jurisdiction of the Court of Sessions in the matter were examined, and that court "reluctantly came to the conclusion that they had not the power to grant the prayer of the petitioners." Some carper was disturbed by the activity of Bangor at this period, and published a letter upon the subject which he professed to have found in the street, in which the writer says: "Bangor is certainly the busiest town I ever was in; there is no cessation to motion exc"ept for a few hours in the dead of night. Sunday, which in other places is a day of rest, is here the business day of the week. To give you a specimen — last Sunday, the first thing in the morning the bell rang for the Sunday-school, next the forenoon meeting, then a prayer-meeting, then the afternoon meeting, then a meeting for sailors on board a vessel (Bethel I think they call it), then an even- ing lecture at the meeting-house, and finally a church meeting at the academy. Religion, or at least meetings, are much in vogue here. I am told they have several 6o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. meetings in the course of the week, besides those on Sunday. On Monday evening they have an enquiry meeting, Tuesday I do not know that they have any, on Wednesday a conference meeting, qn Thursday preach- ing by the students of the Theological Institution, on Friday the female prayer meeting; I have not learned the particular business of Saturday. Besides the above they have monthly prayer meetings, and I do not know how many other meetings. "The different doctrines and tenets of the different orders of Christians are common subjects of conversa- tion." On June loth the shock of an earthquake was felt about ten minutes before 12 o'clock- m. Its duration was estimated by various persons at from twenty seconds to a minute. Its course was southerly — the earth trem- bled, and the sound was like that of thunder. A vessel in the harbor appeared to the master to be sailing at the rate of five knots, and rubbing over a pebbly bottom, and the water arose eight inches by the wharves and subsided immediately. It occasioned a very general terror, and some persons suffered from a disagreeable sensation in the head. On Sunday, 15th, Rev. Mr. Storer, of Cambridge, of the Unitarian denomination, preached in the town. The Fourth of July was celebrated this year by the usual matutinal uproar of the boys, the clanging of bells, and the thunder of guns, the parading of Captain Wil- liams and his company of artillery, and several public dinners, including that of Mr. Chick, with the green peas, of which the young men partook with patriotic and gustatory ardor. But this was the last anniversary of American Inde- pendence that Captain Williams was to celebrate in that capacity. Major David J. Bent, having resigned the office of M.ajor on the 15th, Captain Williams was pro- moted to that office, with which he was very much pleased. Several young men felt it a duty to keep the military spirit alive, and organized a company of light infantry, which they called the Independent Volunteers. On the nth of July under the command of Captain Zebediah Rogers, they marched to what is now Emerson street, and, when opposite the residence of Judge Button, were presented with an elegant standard (painted by Hardy) by Miss Julia Button — in behalf of the young ladies — who made an address, in which, among other things, she said: The young ladies of Bangor, yet retaining a fresli recollection of the horrors excited by an invading enemy in war, and fully appreciating the blessings of civil freedom and liberty enjoyed in common, and that sex upon whom they must at all times depend for protection ; and feel- ing a deep interest for the welfare of our common country, avail them- selves of the present opportunity for interchanging with you the senti- ments essential to the existence of every happy political government, by respectfully presenting to you this standard. . , . We do not exhort you to study war and destruction ; we invite you to prac- tice the principles and enjoy the pleasures of virtuous peace. Ensign David Nye received the standard, and, after thanking the fair donors, said: We are proud of your compliments, and we hope to deserve them. We wish, as you do, for peace, but we know that in order to secure it we must be prepared for war, and let it come when it will, the enemy shall find that we strike our colors only to those by whom they were presented I" The soldierly appearance and performances of the company excited much admiration. And it was meet that they should afterward sit down to one of Colonel Lumbert's best dinners, with several of their friends, and enjoy themselves after the manner of soldiers under such circumstances. This year the road from the pine tree at the ferry-way, thence running northwesterly through Hermon and other towns to Exeter, called the "Northwest Avenue," was contemplated, and Samuel Lowder, Jr., William Emerson, James McLaughlin, and others, originated a movement for its laying-out. Much interest was felt in the Penobscot Indians, and a society was formed in March, this year, for their im- provement. Rev. Professor John Smith was made Presi- dent; Rev. Harvey Loomis, Vice-President; Mr. Daniel ^ Pike, Secretary ; Deacon Stephen S. Crosby, Treasurer; Rev. Otis Briggs, Rev. Professor Fowler, and Messrs. Jacob McGaw, Wilmot Wood, Ebenezer Webster, Joseph Treat, and Royal Clark, with the other officers, were constituted a Board of Managers. In July the society had a school in operation at OM- town, under the charge of Mr. Josiah Brewer, late Pre- ceptor of the Bangor Academy. About thirty children attended the school. These children had never been under any restraint, and the utmost patience was required in training them. It w^s very difficult to induce them to give their attention to any particular study for more than a few minutes at a time. The least occurrence would divert their mind, and in the midst of a lesson they would run awaj-, and return when the mood suited them. The society was fortunate in obtaming the services of Mr. Brewer. He loved the work, was kind and pa- tient, and by his gentle, persuasive manner succeeded in accomplishing much good. The tribe consisted of about three hundred persons. They were poor and degraded. The men continued their old customs of hunting and fishing, and the women wove baskets. Their dwellings were wretched wigwams and cabins, and the comforts of civilized life were not appreciated by them. The purpose of the society was to inspire them with some ambition for a better condition, rnoially, intellectually, and physically. But they had to depend upon small contributions and the assisrance of ladies by the needle in clothing the children. The man- agers expected to derive about $100 a year from sub- scriptions of members. The funds ■ realized were not sufficient to maintain a teacher for a great length of time, and Mr. Brewer, after a few months' labor, went into the employ of the American Board of Foreign Missions, and spent a considerable portion of his life in Syria, believing that he could accomplish more good as a missionary than in any other way. From notices published in the Register, Mr. James Mason appears to have taken advantage of his opportu- nity to humiliate Mr. Stephen Crosby. A notice "To whom it may concern " appeared on July 31, signed by the latter individual, in this form : — „ iilBiii|i|S!':i«iiiii!!in Guilford 4 houses and 5 barns; in Parkman, i house, 5 barns; in Ripley, n houses, 9 barns; in Harmony, 4 houses, 5 barns; m Dover, i barn; in Monson, 1 barn. There were other buildings burned, and the damage to the timber lands was enormous. In October the editor of the Eastern Argus made a visit to Bangor and Oldtown, and gave an account of his travels in his paper. He had beeti more or less in thir- teen of the United States, and had never seen a more flourishing part of the country of like extent, than on HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNtY, MAlNfi. 621 the banks of the Androscoggin, Kennebec, Sheepscot, St. George, and Penobscot Rivers, tiiough the smoke of the fires in the woods obscured the prospect so. that the landscape sometimes was confined within the circle of a mile. The country was entirely enveloped in smoke. "At Bangor," he proceeds, "the river is something like a furlong in width ; the current is not rapid, and the ferry is pleasant — of easy passage, and well attended. Al- though it was in the night when I crossed it, it seemed more like taking a sail for pleasure than encountering a formidable and fatiguing barrier of a journey. Although there are some very pleasant seats and some fine prospects in different parts of the village, yet, as a whole, its local situation is not altogether so pleasant as [that ofj many other villages in the State. The picture has many agreeable scenes and well finished parts, but they are not well connected; the groundwork is broken, and the whole view betrays a want of symmetry. Some central parts of the village are low, nearly on a level with the river; and others are built on almost as many hills as there were in Rome. And yet the hills are not remark- ably tedious; perhaps hardly so much so as are found in Hallowell or Augusta. Bangor is a highly flourishing village, and will, without doubt, continue to grow rapidly. It stands at the head of the navigable waters of the Pe- nobscot, and the country above it is fast settling. A fine stream of water, the Kenduskeag, flows directly through the village into the Penobscot, and affords some good sites for machinery. . . Most of the buildings have a new appearance, and I observed that many had been erected the present season, -and yet I was told that every building was occupied, and that to obtain one at any rent was exceedingly diflficult." He mentioned the public buildings and the academy, which had sixty or seventy students the last winter, and pro- ceeds: "Bangor is amongst the candidates for the seat of the State Government, and there are some who seem to feel confident that the Government will eventually be lo- cated there. . . It is unquestionably destined to become the metropolis of that section of the State. There are two public newspapers published at Bangor, which may be regarded as a proof of its central situation and extensive population and business. There are but three other towns in the State which support more than one newspaper each, viz : Portland, Bath, and Hallowell." The editor of the Register, in commenting upon these notes, said the writer's route did not lead him through the best lands and most flourishing portion of Penobscot county. He had been twice up the West Branch above Grand Falls. The first time was about eighteen years be- . fore, when he ascended Katahdin to its summit. The last was two years before, when he had the pleasure of trav- elingaboiit forty miles on snow-shoes, and camping out seven or eight nights on the snow in the vicinity of the Grand Falls, and he must say that, "although he too had traveled, more or less, in just thirteen of the United States," besides having visited the colonies of New Bruns- wick and ^ ova Scotia, most of the West India Isles, and traveled sixty miles over the mountains of Spain, yet had he seldom if ever seen a more beautiful and pictur- esque country than the region of Ktahdinoga.* There are immense lakes, noble rivers, grand and stupendous cataracts, murmuring rivulets, and from the lakes a view of a vast chain of mountains, of which Katahdin, whose head is often veiled with clouds, is the principal. He had no doubt that in a few years a visit to that section of the country would be more fashionable than a visit to any other part of New England. Captain Rogers having been promoted to Colonel, Ensign David Nye was chosen captain of the Independ- ent Volunteers, and Robert Long, ensign, on October 25. Sheriff Royal Clark gave notice to the coroners that as his term of office would expire immediately, the duties of the office would devolve on them.- The Bangor Bank suffered in various ways, and the Directors probably thought that there nevtr was a bank of its size and importance that received so much of all sorts of attention. We have seen that bank men, busi- ness men, and failed men, had paid it their respects after different fffshion. On the night of October 29th the rob- bers made an attack upon it, and succeeded in getting as far as the vault door, but that was an obstacle too diffi- cult to master with the appliances they had; therefore they had retired, leaving indications that on the next night the attack would be more vigorous. Of course the Cashier, Mr. Wilkins, who lay in wait for the British ships in 1814, was still brave enough to lay in wait for the robbers. He did so with "two or three strong men," but the robbers were too wary — they did not try again. But on the next day an agent of the Suffolk and other Boston banks made a raid upon the bank, against which Mr. Wilkins and his strong men could make no resist- ance, and took what the robbers would have been glad to obtain — $10,000 in specie. Mr. Wilkins rather laughed at this, bur he would have been better pleased if the raid had not been made. A census was taken this year by Mr. Simpson and the number of inhabitants was found to be 2,002. The in- crease was 781 since 1820, when the population was 1,221. It has been before stated that the proceedings of the Land Agent of the State in regard to the public lands north of Bangor were of a character to subject him to censure. The State had changed its policy in regard to the lands, and his course, instead of being conciliatory and judicious, was deemed harsh and unwarrantable. Prior to the separation Massachusetts had permitted timber to be cut upon 'the public lands, and was not very exacting or critical. After the separation Maine felt the necessity of more care. The timber lands might be made a source of revenue, and it was important that they should be looked after. The State prohibited the cut- ting of timber, but the old operators could not keep their hands off the grand old pines, and drove them down the Penobscot as usual. When threatened with prosecution they made their peace with the State by pay- ing a small consideration and went on as before. Find- ing that the valuable timber of the State was going to enrich individuals, and that the State was receiving no benefit from it, the Legislature passed a stringent law for * Indian name of the counuy about Katahdin. 622 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the protection of their property, and directed the Land Agent to enforce it. He might have been judicious in his action, and he might not have been. He certainly did not get the good will of the operators. He gave public notice that the law would be enforced against trespassers. He, how- ever, gave permits to these trespassers to cut; hay on the meadow lands in the neighborhood of the timber, but gave it to be understood that the teams of the violators of the law would be seized, and the severest penalties would be imposed upon them. Upon some this had effect; others said "it is the same old story — the offense is venal — we can buy forgiveness, as we have before. They operated. The Land Agent remained at his office, apparently oblivious to what was doing on the State's demesnes ; but in the spring he sent an obnox- ious deputy into the woods to ascertain if there had been any trespassing, and if there had been, to take an account of and mark the logs that had been cut upon the public lands. This was not agreeable to the tresi?assers. A party blacked and armed themselves and ordered, the deputy away. He would have no collision, and returned. He had, however, obtained an account of the logs. He supposed that he had, also, proof sufficient to con- vict the disguised men. He therefore informed the At- torney-General, and he caused them to be arrested and examined. The proof on the tribunal being in fault, the desperadoes were not convicted. The Attorney-General sued these trespassers for the damages they had done the State, and caused their logs to be attached, but finding from the failure of the original prosecution against the rioters that his civil suits would probably fail, he settled with them on the best terms he could obtain, as he supposed; although it was alleged, on the other hand, that if he had prosecuted the suits, he would have recovered the full amount of damages. Believing, from the experience of the past year, that no reliance was to be placed apon the promises of the lum- berers, for they had tlie year before agreed not to use the hay they had been permitted to cut upon the public lands, averring that they had purchased it to use only in obtaining timber that they had purchased of proprietors, the Land Agent refused to permit the hay to be cut upon the meadows of the State, -and gave public notice to that effect. This notice was disregarded, and the lumbermen went on and cut the hay as usual. On learning this the Land Agent informed the Attorney- General, and proposed to go with sufficient force to bring off the trespassers. This course being approved, the Sheriff was sent with a posse to take the trespassers; but when he arrived. at the meadows no persons were to be found to arrest. Interested parties at Bangor and Old- town, who had become acquainted with the design of the Land Agent, anticipated the movements of the Sheriff, and the haymakers were all notified in season to take care of themselves, which they did. But the "grass was in swath, in winnow, and in cock." The order of the Agent to his deputy or assistant was that, if the Sheriff was defeated in making the arrest, the hay should be burnt— particular care being taken that every spark of fire afterwards should be extinguished. The order was obeyed, and the trespassers, finding them- selves defeated this time, gave vent to their indignation in various ways. Lieutenant-Governor Neptune was doubtless one of their instruments to create a prejudice through the letter which he caused to be published. Much was said on both sides, and a pretty, extensive feeling was excited against the Agent ; but it is very cer- tain that, if it had not been for the lawless acts of the timber and hay thieves, there would have been no oc- casion of complaint against the Land Agent for burning their hay, or for any other proceeding against them. The lots on the westerly side of Main street, opposite West Market Square, owned by the Court-house cor- poration, were sold in December by auction, and brought from fifty-four to seventy cents a square foot. A movement was started in Boston for the purpose of establishing a line of steamboats between that city and the State of Maine and the Provinces. This stimulated the citizens of Bath to add to their boats with a view to running the "Patent" between Bath and Owlshead. This led to the suggestion in Bangor to build a good, boat to ply between Bangor and Owlshead, touching at towns upon the river, to give the people the advantage of steam travel to Boston. In this year a colored barber, by the name of Abra- ham Hanson,, came to Bangor. He possessed much humor, much good nature, and had quite as much con- fidence in the sincerity of his fellow-men as was for his interest. As he afforded amusement to his customers he was .well patronized, and was deemed worthy to have his portrait painted by Hardy, who retained it many years in his possession. He announced the different capacities in which he was willing to serve the public, in rhyme, thus: TO BE SHAVED OR NOT TO BE SHAVeD. A. Hanson, the baiber, would publicly mention His trade and his goods, for they are worthy attention, His shop near the Court-house and A. Hasey's inn. Is always ke]it warm and decently clean; On whose pictured walls the artist displays Bold folly to scorn — modest virtue to praise. He'll shave you directly, without pain or delay. And always with thanks will pocket his pay. Your boots he'll polish' and your flowing hair Will neatly trim, and clean your coats with care. He'll sell cologne, to invigorate your looks. And, if you wish, soap, pomatum, or a shaving-box. He'll sell you razors, keen and pohshed well, (Not Pindar's razors, only made to sell). The ladies, too, his kind attentions share, He'll make them curls of any colored hair. While he was in Bangor the Greek cause was agitated, and his sympathies, in common with those of the citi- zens, were enlisted in their behalf. Being disposed to contribute to the extent of his ability towards helping them in their struggle for independence, he advertised that he would devote a day in shaving for the benefit of the Greeks. As may be supposed the calls were as nu- merous as he could attend to. When the pay was ten- dered, however, he declined to take it, saying, with African simplicity, that he had given notice that he would shave for the "benefit of the Greeks, and "d'ye spose 1 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 623 will take pay when I shave for the benefit of the Greeks?" Among the new merchants of this year who estab- lished themselves in Bangor, were Elmore Parker, Sam- uel B. Morrill, J. F. & E. Hatch, P. H. & J. J. Coombs, Thomas Furber, S. & H. Allen, (George W. Randall, William A. Hatch, John Roberts, Stover Perkins & Thomas Hancock, and Thomas Green & Co. Edward Kent opened a law office in Bangor this year. His advertisement ran as follows: Edward Kent, Attorney-at-Law, has taken an office over Messrs. Fiskes & Billings' store, and will attend to any professional business entrusted to his care. Bangor, Sept. 19, 1825. CHAPTER XIX. James Burton Takes as Partner John S. Carter — Burton & Carter Pub- lish the Register — Ohver Leonard — "Washington" Fire Engine — Edward Kent's First Office— John Wilkins Appointed Sheriff— The Land Agent's Action Relative to the Northeast Boundary Lands — Explains His Conduct in Regard to Timber, Trespassers, and Hay — His Receipts — Commission for Dividing iVIaine and IVIassachusetts Lands — " Hampden Volunteers " — Town's Right to Waive Election of Representative — Stillwater Bridge — Influenza— Annual Meeting — Mary Leland — A Character Settled by Reference — Charles Rice Ap- pointed County Treasurer — Brig ' ' Bold Jack " — Brief History of Ban- gor" — Posse Comitatus and Trespassers — Nathaniel Hatch Chosen Captain of Militia — Fourth of July Claimed for All — "Penobscot Guards" — Supreme Judicial Court — Trial of Friend Watson— Mr. Chick on His Feet Again — Death of Amos Patten, Jr.— Citizens's Celebration of the Fourth — Blackguards— Death of Adams and Jeffer- son — Singular Circumstance — Thomas J. Forbes, Preceptor of the Academy — Candidates for Office — Political Excitement — No Choice of Representative to Congress — Major Bent Elected Representative to the Legislature — Business "Dispatch" — Willey Family De- stroyed—Steamer "New York" Burnt — Sale of Timber Lands — An Apology — Report on Fortifying the Penobscot — Penobscot Boom — Corporation — New Canvass for Representative to Congress — Mr. "Williamson Withdraws, and Mr. Wilkins Recommended — Samuel Call in the Field— No Choice — Franklin House Opened — School Books — Business Men — Taylor & Brown — Winter Rhymes — Death of Tilly Brown. 1826. This year commenced with a change in the management of the Bangor Register. Mr. James Bur- ton, Jr., who had served his apprenticeship with Peter Edes, in Augusta, and started the Augusta Patriot in March, 1817, and in December of the same year taken charge of the Register, and continued his connection with it and published it alone until now, concluded that he must have a partner in his labors. For eight years he had devoted all his ability to the Register, and, with an increasing family on his hands, had found it difficult, if ^ ^ not impossible, to make both ends meet. He therefore formed a connection with Mr. John Stearns Carter, a young printer of considerable ambition and industry. As lotteries were then deemed of importance, legal, fashion- able, and respectable, the firm added the business of sell- ing lottery tickets to that of printing the Register. In his salutatory Mr. Carter said he "would be always at his post, and use every exertion to accommodate the ad- vertising and other customers," and he was faithful to his promise. Oliver Leonard had removed from Brewer to Bangor, and gave notice that he would hold a Justice's Court ev- ery Wednesday, at 6 o'clock a. m., at Mr. Hutchins's hotel. Mr. Leonard was a lawyer by profession, and was the first representative from Orrington to the General Court, in 1798. He was re-elected for several years. His suc- cessor was Joseph Carr, who was succeeded by Tirnothy Freeman, who was succeeded by Francis Carr. John Farrington succeeded Francis Carr. Joshua Chamberlain succeeded Farrington, and Rev. Enoch Mudge succeeded Chamberlain. Mr. Leonard's residence in Orrington and Brewer was about a mile above the Brewer and Bangor Ferry, on lot No. 53, upon which John Thoms had settled. He ob- tained a title to the farm while Thoms occupied it, but Thoms, from some reason, forbade his taking possession, and drew a line in front of the house, over which he bade Leonard pass at his peril. He did so, and was shot and severely wounded by Thoms. For this exercise of his will Thoms was arrested, sent to Pownalborough, tried, convicted, and "sentenced to sit on a gallows. He after- ward returned to Brewer and died there.'* Mr. Leonard's wife was an Englishwoman, and having an annuity, they lived at first in some style. He was re- duced in circumstances when he removed to Bangor, and eked out a living as best he could. The annuity was stopped by a writ in chancery, but renewed after Mrs. Leonard's decease. The town had purchased a new fire-engine, built by Hunneman, and it arrived on the 7th of January. It was "a single lever village engine, of the first-class, con- structed on the old double-chamber principle," the chambers being five and a half inches in diameter and the length of stroke sixteen inches. It had a suction hose. On trial with a force of twenty-four men, it was considered a success. Mr. French had just erected the Exchange Coffee House, and as the engine threw water so as to wet the roof, and a hundred feet horizontally, it was thought that, with the old engine, the "Old Settler," it would be sufficient for the present wants of the town. A company was afterward organized to run with it. They named it the "Washington." They elected Edward Kent their Captain, and this was the first public office that gentleman ever held in Bangor. During a session of the Court of Common Pleas in January, held by Judge Perham, sixteen verdicts in civil cases were rendered. John Wilkins was appointed Sheriff of the county. A convention of the members of both Houses of the Legislature nominated Enoch Lincoln as candidate for Governor. The publishers of the Register announced that Messrs. Burleigh & Arnold had provided for the Kennebec line of stages one of the most elegant and convenient stage sleighs they had ever seen. It was upon double runners, * Bangor Centennial, 80. 624 HISTORY QF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. "very easy to the passengers," of which it was calculated to carry twelve inside. January found Mr. Zadock Davis still annong the busi- ness men of Bangor, and still reminding his customers of the sheriff: Davis & Weed are friends indeed To those who pay in season; But those who pay at Judgment Day Are asked to give the reason. At the time he pubhshed this premonition he adver- tised "To Sell or Let" a pew in the southeasterly corner of Rev. Mr. Pomroy's Meeting House. The Land Agent of Maine, James Irish, made a re- port to the Legislature, in which he stated that he and George W. Coffin, the Land Agent of Massachusetts, had made inquiries in pursuance of resolves of the Legisla- ture, with regard to the amount of timber cut upon the Aroostook and Madawaska rivers, under authority from the Government of New Brunswick, from a "mistaken view of the boundary Une," and had visited Fredericton and left a written document with the Surveyor General of New Brunswick — William Baily — requesting the in- formation; that they had posted up notices offering to give deeds to settlers of lands upon the St. John and Madawaska rivers, in actual possession, of one hundred acres each, for $io and the cost of survey; that they took Mr. Baker in a batteau down the St. John River to the boundary — which is about thirty miles from the Mada- waska River, and about two miles above the Grand Falls — that the settlers upon the St. John were from nmety to an hundred rods apart; that he counted two hundred and twenty-two houses which averaged eight or ten in- habitants each, making in all about two thousand per- sons — a "very industrious, civil, and hospitable people, well deserving the fostering care of the Government;" that many of them had grants of their lands from New Brunswick, but placed little value upon them; that they were informed that the Home Government had given in- structions that no more permits be granted upon the Aroostook and Madawaska waters until the boundary line was established. Mr. Irish stated his proceedings under the resolve tor the sale and the settlement of public lands and the pro- tection of the timber — that he learned at Passadumkeag and Piscataquis that trespassers were upon the undivided lands of Maine and Massachusetts, above the Ninth Range of townships, near the Nollesemic Indian town- ship, on the Salmon Stream, and the East Branch .of the Penobscot, and on the Seboois emptying therein; upon the Mattawamkeag and Baskahegan; that he at- tempted to trace the lines and take an account of the timber, and ascertain the names of the trespassers ; that his agents were met by men blackened and disguised, calling themselves Mohawks, and threatened them with death if they attempted to proceed; that they returned with the best account of the timber cut that he could ob- tain. He then details the attempts made to punish the trespassers and his want of success, as has been before re- lated in these pages. He gives an account of the defeat of the Sheriff when he went to arrest the trespassers and seize their implements, and was at a loss to know what course to pursue in regard to the hay he found cut. The trespassers carried on their operations in the summer, cutting trees standing near the river and rolling the logs in, and it was suspected that this kind of logging was to be carried on still. If he attached the hay he would be obliged to leave it, and it would be used as if it were not attached, to strip the land. The Land Agents of Maine and Massachusetts consulted together, and concluded that the only means left to protect the timber was to destroy the hay by fire, and joint orders were given to that effect, and the utmost care was enjoined. He proceeds: " The hay was accordingly destroyed ; and the Agent is happy to say without occasioning any damage or loss to public or private property, and has in a good degree had the desired effect. But few have had the hardihood and effrontery to continue their work of trespassing; and those few will, if it is not already done, be brought off by the proper authority, and a stop will be put to the per- nicious practice of taking timber without liberty." He found no difficulty on the Kennebec and Schoodic waters in protecting the timber belonging exclusively to Maine. His net receipts from the public lands were $45,607.41. In January the Commissioners for dividing the lands held by Maine and Massachusetts, jointly, had surveyed 422,025 acres to Massachusetts, and 420,488 acres to Maine. A rifle company was organized in Hampden this month, called the "Hampden Volunteers." Adaffy Has- kins was made Captain; George Stetson, Lieutenant, and Jonathan T. Hardy, Ensign. A. Mr. Tenney entertained the people with a series of chemical lectures. They were of a popular character, designed to amuse much, instruct some, and put money in the purse of the lecturer. The questions having arisen whether a town having a right to choose a Representative, has the power to waive that right, and whether, where towns are classed for that purpose, minority towns have the right to send a Repre- sentative when the majority towns have voted not to do so, the House of Representatives submitted them to the Justices of the Supreme Court, and Justices Mellen and Weston answered them in the affirmative.; Justice Preble dissented on the first proposition, concurred in the last.* The Legislature incorporated the Stillwater Bridge Company this year. The influenza as an epidemic prevailed very exten- sively this year. It was an uncomfortable and incon- venient disorder, though not often fatal. Notwithstanding its prevalence, the business of the spring opened encouragingly, and the hopes were high'of an excellent season. The meeting for the election of town officers was held on the 13th of March. James Tilton, Isaac Hodsdon, and Howell Bean were chosen Selectmen ; Alexander Savage was chosen Clerk ; John Godfrey, Treasurer ; Jacob McGaw, Agent. The Superintending School Committee were Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, William D. Williamson, Ben- jamin Nourse, Joshua P. Dickinson, and Samuel Cull. At this time there died in Bangor a beautiful and in- *Maine Reports, Vol. 6, pp. 486 to 495. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 625 teresting Indian girl. She was tlie daughter of a native doctor, Loland. Her name was Mary. She possessed a beautiful figure, and her countenance, though dark, was fine and expressive. There was a dignity in her bearing that attracted the attention of all who beheld her. And she was as good as she was beautiful. Brought up among savages, her habitation- a wigwam, with few of the comforts and conveniences of civilized life, sur- rounded by companions whose influence was rather for evil than for good, her instincts and tastes led her to a higher plane. She felt the difficulties of her situation — destined to a life of barbarism surrounded by civilization. She was bound to her family, and no civilized family cared to make her its inmate. But a kind Providence cared for her. At the age of eighteen she went into a consumption, and in the wigwam of her parents, who loved and were kind and tender to her, though destitute of the means to make a sick bed comfortable — upon a bed of boughs, in one apartment where a family of eight persons lived and cooked, ate and slept, "she bore a long and distressing illness without a murmur, and with a patience and resignation which may truly be called Christian. She was sensible when her change drew nigh, • and desired her mother not to weep for her when she died, saying she was willing to die, for she might grow wicked if she should live." Messrs. Burton & Carter rejoiced in the agency of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal and the Sullivan Bridge Lotteries, and tickled the people with promises of "lots of cash." With all this cash business, however, it does not appear that either they or their customers ever became rich. Mr. Ezekiel Hayes, of Exeter, feeling aggrieved by words spoken by John Shaw in reference to him, which he regarded as defamatory to his character, they referred the matter to their neighbors, Francis Hill, Flavel But- ters, Joseph Walker, Daniel Butters, Barachias Holt, and James Adams. . These gentlemen reported that in their opinion "Mr. Shaw had no just cause for a reproach against Captain Hayes," and therefore "ought to make his acknowledgment as public as he made the re- proach." John Wilkins resigned the office of County Treasurer, and Charles Rice was appointed by the Court of Ses- sions. The connection of the St. John and Penobscot waters was at this time suggested. It was thought that a canal six miles in length would unite the Aroostook with the East Branch of the Penobscot, so that the lumber and produce of the fine country in the north of Maine might be b'ought to Bangor. On April 12th the famous firm of Davis & Weed dissolved copartnership. That was an unfortunate day for the muses. A brig, built by William Lowder, and owned by him and William V. Crane, called the Bold Jack, was launched. It was very much complimented for "beauty and strength." On the nth day of May the Register published a brief history of Bangor, which, with the aid of a friend, it had 79 some trouble to obtain. According to that history "the first settlements in the town commenced at a very remote period, and were probably amongst the first in New Eng- land, as there are traces of them now remaining whose origin cannot be learned from history, and the traditions of which are very obscure. They are supposed to have been made by the French, for they, when in possession of the territory in this region, called by them Acadie, and which extended as far west as the Kennebec, established a fort and trading-house within the limits of this town. These were probably abandoned during the French war of 1756. "Of subsequent events very little is known until the year 1772, when a number of families from old Massa- chusetts and New Hampshire removed hither. Among them was that of Thomas Howard, who is now living at an advanced age. A permanent settlement was then commenced, the trading-house re-established, and some soldiers, under the authority of the colonial government, stationed in this neighborhood. "In 1793 there were only forty-five ratable polls in the town, and in 1796 but three dwelling-houses on the pres- ent site of the village." The writer says that the growth of the town was impeded by the Revolutionary war and the War of 181 2, and by the severe cold of three succes- sive seasons. The regular re-establishment of business may be dated from 1817. The following are "the branches of business in which the population is now en- gaged, with the number:" Merchants, 44; bookstores, 2; printing, ofifices,, 2; lawyers, 13; doctors, 3; apothecaries, 2; watch-makers, 2; tinmen, 2; machinist, i; blacksmiths, 5; shoemakers, 4; tailors, 5; mantua-makers and milliners, 7; cabinet- makers, 4; painters, 4; coopers, 3; hatters, 2; saddlers, 2; masons, 4; tanners, 2; pump- and block-makers, 2; vict- ualling cellars, 4; bakers, i; taverns, 6; barbers, 2. There were four religious societies, Congregationalist, Baptist, Unitarian, and Methodist. There was still trouble between the State and the tres- passers. The latter had become so accustomed to ap- propriating the timber of the public lands to their own use that the Land Agents were constrained to take ex- treme legal measures to satisfy them that the property of Government was to be protected, as well as that of indi- viduals. Consequently Sheriff Wilkins was sent to take possession of the logs that had been cut on the joint lands of Maine and Massachusetts. The trespassers, however, essayed to try their strength against that of the States and re-took the logs and forcibly retained them, converting some of them into boards. The posse comiia- tus was called out and, as is usual where the odds are so great. Government was triumphant. Nathaniel Hatch was chosen captain of the company of militia of the town, in place of Captain William Ran- dall, resigned. Thomas Hancock was chosen lieutenant, in place of Joseph K. Lumbert, appointed adjutant, and Francis Fowler was chosen ensign. A little excitement was created this year by an effort on the part of certain religious people to appropriate the celebration of the anniversary of Independence to them- 626 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. selves and such as entertained similar religious views. It was thought that as the anniversary was national so nar- row a way of celebrating it should be stamped out; and it was. The "American Colonization Society" was to reap the benefit of the celebration in the form of a con- tribution! But the people bestirred themselves to get up a general celebration, in which all might indulge in a lit- tle patriotic enthusiasm. Orono was not without its military enterprise. A com- pany of light infantry was organized there this year, called the Penobscot Guards. John Bennock, Jr., was its captain; John T. Davis, lieutenant; Herman White, ensign. The Supreme Court, with Justices Mellen and Preble upon the Bench, commenced its session on June 13. Charles Stetson, of Hampden, Nathaniel Hatch, of Ban- gor, and James S. Holmes, of Foxcroft, were admitted to practice as attorneys. At this session Friend Watson was indicted for setting fire to Mr. Chick's stable and occasioning the destruction of so much property the year previous, but was acquitted on the ground of insanity. He was confined in the Alms-house for many years, and at length died in the Insane Hospital in Augusta. James Potter and two others learned at this session that there was a day of retribution for bearding the State. They were convicted of assault and resisting a Sheriff and the Land Agent, and were sentenced to two months' imprisonment in the county jail. Mr. Chick having been driven from his old quarters on Fish street, established himself in a building on the westerly side of Water street, in which the Bangor Bank first opened business. It stood perhaps from one hun- dred and fifty to two hundred feet from Main street, opposite what is now Pickering Square. He called it the Maine Coffee House. The green peas came along the 1 2th of June this year, but Mr. Chick's name was not in connection therewith. He had become an auc- tioneer, and had so much other business upon his hands that he left the raising of peas to Mr. William Thompson, Mr. Fifield, and others. In June of this year Mr. Amos Patten, long a leading citizen, was afflicted by the loss of his only child, Amos Patten, Jr., at the age of seventeen years. He was a lad of great promise, and his death was generally la- mented. The leaders of the movement against a sectarian cele- bration of the Fourth of July— Allen Oilman, John Wil- kins, Samuel Lowder, Z. Rogers, John Williams, Thornton McGaw, Samuel Call, and others— having organized a celebration at Mr. Chick's Coffee-house, car- ried it into effect, to the satisfaction of a goodly portion of the people. Colonel Zebediah Rogers, as Chief Marshal, assisted by Captain Waldo T. Pierce and Lieutenant Samuel Thatcher, Jr., led a procession from the Court-house to the meeting-house, where Rev. Mr. Goldsbury, of the Unitarian Society, officiated as chaplain, Hon. William D. Williamson read the Declaration of Independence, Thornton McGaw, Esq., delivered the oration. The Mozart Society sang the following hymn, written for the occasion by Samuel Lowder, Jr., Esquire : O Thou who wast our father's God; — Thro' the wide wilderness and wave, Thro' all the perilous paths they trod , Thou who didst cherish them and save; — Great God of Battje ! to whose shield In war's dire conflict they did flee; Who gav'st the heart that would not yield To aught on earth save Truth and Thee; — Giver of sweetest peace ! whose hand, When war's destruction passed away. Didst heal and bless our favor'd land. And light up Freedom's purest ray; — O be propitious, gracious still; — Father of mercies! Thou alone Canst guide us by Thy sovereign will, And bless us, suppliants at Thy throne. After the services at the meeting-house, the procession re-formed and marched to Hutchins's hotel, where a "handsome dinner was provided." A patriotic company, presided over by "Allen Oilman, Esq., assisted by General Joseph Treat, Mr. James Cros- by, Major David J. Bent, Samuel Lowder, and Samuel Call, Esqrs., as Vice-Presidents, partook of the dinner. The following volunteer sentiments by a son and his father indicate a somewhat different kind of culture in each : "By S. Lowder, Jr., Esq. The Orator of the Day; The eloquent advocate of liberty, of the liberty which, to use his own language, 'is on the march, and will march until the sun shall no longer look upon a slave.'" "By Samuel Lowder, Esq. Fourth of July, 1776: Its spirit, meliorated by the lapse of fifty years, has lost none of its strength, but is still fourth-proof." These men, as well as the orator. Presidents, and Vice- Presidents, and all whose names have been mentioned as connected with the celebration have been dead many years. Most of them lived to witness such an agitation of the principles wtiich they that day celebrated as they never had conceived could exist. None of them, how- ever, — unless Major Bent is an exception, — lived to wit- ness the culmination of that agitation in the greatest re- bellion that ever existed among civilized men, in the sacrifice of millions of treasure and a million lives, the emancipation of four millions of slaves, and the martyr- dom of a President of their Republic. Notwithstanding good influences had been operating for many years to make Bangor an exemplary town, yet blackguards, low-minded and malicious persons, occa- sionally got into it and caused annoyance. On the 29th of June the Selectmen were constrained to offer a reward of $30 for the detection of the person or persons who, on the night before, smeared the store of Messrs. Barrell & Randall, and the ofifice of Hon. William D. William- son, with black paint. The report of the death of ex-President John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on the Fourth of July, reached Bangor before the 13th, and created a profound sensa- tion. The former was ninety years of age, and the latter eighty-three years, three months, and two days. On that day, at a celebration in Hampden, Simeon HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 627 Fowler, Esq., of Orrington, whose name is associated with the first settlements in Orrington and Bangor, and who was now eighty-nine years of age, by particular re- quest, sang a patriotic song. Enoch Brown, Esq., deliv ered the oration on that occasion. It was pronouriced "pertinent and eloquent." Ezekicl Fisher Crane, Esq., delivered an eloquent ora- tion at Corinth. No less than fourteen Sheriff's sales were advertised in the Register of July 13 — an indication that some kinds of business were overdone. On July 13 an "elegant standard" was presented to the Penobscot Guards in Orono, by Miss Bathsheba Holland, with an appropriate address. Five brigs, five sloops, and twenty-five schooners lay in the port of Bangor on July 27, the largest number then ever known at that season of the year. Mr. Chick came forward with his green corn on that day. A very singular circumstance occurred on the 2d of August. A flock of seven geese belonging to Mr. Dole, of Orrington, were sitting in the roa'd opposite his house, when a storm with thunder and lightning came up, and a bolt fell and destroyed the whole flock, without dis- turbing a particle of earth or, from appearances, a spear of grass. The Register was of opinion that a great change had taken place in Bangor in twenty-five years. At the be- ginning of that quarter of a century, if a stranger of respectable appearance rode into the town on a tolerable horse, his name, residence, and business were known in a few hours through all the village. At its close, coaches, curricles, barouches, and carriages of every description came and went unheeded. Thomas Jefferson Forbes, Esq., was in charge of the Bangor Academy this year. David J. Bent was again nominated for the Legislature. The political season having arrived, there were candi- dates in abundance for Representative to Congress. Enoch Lincoln was the only candidate for Governor, and Charles Rice for County Treasurer and Register of Deeds; but Samuel Butman and Thomas Dawes were nominated as opposing candidates for the Senatorship ; Jacob McGaw, William D. Williamson, David Perham, and Jonathan Farrar were nominated, and "Major" Simon Harriman nominated himself, as opposing candi- dates for Representative to Congress. The canvass became very exciting. A writer under the name of "27 Delegates" proclaimed that Mr. Wil- liamson was the only candidate of the Republicans of the Old School, that he had always been uniform in his pohtics; had served the people in several capacities and given uniform satisfaction; had once represented the District in Congress "with honor to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents." On the other hand, Mr. McGaw had uniformly been a Federalist ; had directly opposed every measure of the Administration during the difficulties and war with Great Britain ; op- posed the separation; had always been defeated when a candidate; and had the nomination in the convention over Mr. Williamson, because the majority were avowed Federalists. "Freeman" follows in a similar strain. "Mr. William- son was a Federalist," etc. "Orono" sings the praises of Mr. McGaw in this style: We rejoice with joy unspeakable that this nomination was made. We do not hesitate to believe and state that, for integrity, firmness, in- telligence, and every virtue and ornament that can adorn a generous and cultivated mind, the character of Colonel McGaw would lose nothing by comparison with the irigUest among the v/onhies that grace the County of Penobscot, and the most substantial patriots that can be numbered. He is the man of the people. Believing that Colonel Mc- Gaw will represent this District with honor, with dignity, and with majesty, we shall cordially give him our suffrages. But Simon Harriman considered it far more manly to ask for the suffrages of the people himself than to be influenced by "that extreme modesty which induces gen- tlemen to crawl behind the scenes and seek a nomination through the management of friends or the contrivance of a packed convention." He flattered himself "that \\\%&gQ, gravity, experience, long residence in and knowledge of the interests of the district, and, what his opponents must be willing to allow him, his good sense and sound judgment, will be full as serviceable to him in judging of public men and meas- ures as the empty verbosity of some or the vanity and assumed importance of others." He was "no lawyer, to assist in encumbering the statute-book with entangling laws ; no politician, to contrive perplexing plans and art- ful measures for private aggrandizement ; no schemer for possible public good with the certain loss of good public moneys ; no partisan, ready to sacrifice any and every- thing to the interest of party ; — but one who will en- deavor to be an honest and upright man, whose aim it is to attain to the greatest possible good by the simplest, most direct, fair, and honest means." There was no ques- tion that Major Harriraan's brains wrought over a forge. "A Republican of '76" was grieved because the Re- publicans were overslaughed by the Federalists in the Convention. Mr. Williamson had been elected to Con- gress over Mr. McGaw and others who ran as Federal candidates against him, and now he would have the friends of Mr. Williamson bolt the nominee of the con- vention, for the reason, as he says, that the said nominee " had exhibited no evidence of political conviction or conversion." "An Elector" denied that a majority of the conven- tion were avowed Federalists, and said that forty of the sixty delegates were Democratic Republicans, as the list showed; that Mr. McGaw voted for Monroe and Adams; and that the opposers of Mr. Adams "are now the most virulent opposers of Mr. McGaw." "Moderato" ridicules "FVeeman," deprecates the call- ing an opponent "a Federalist," as if names were of any importance when men of good morals and abilities should be the candidates for office. He had no particu- lar choice in regard to the two candidates ; wished the best man to be elected, whether it may be one of them or some other person. " Democrats of 1798, Republicans of 1814," did not want a Federalist of the Hartford Convention school, like Mr. McGaw, or a Republican who "grew fearful in 628 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. the hour of danger, who deserted the Administration in the late war and joined the Federal opposition under DeWitt Clinton, as Mr. Williamson did; but a man of more correct principles, who would not desert his party, such as Jonathan Farrar, of Dexter." "A Republican" was astonished that Mr. McGaw should have heen nominated by this Republican county as a candidate for Congress. "Somerset" was opposed to Mr. McGaw, because he was not and never had been a Republican. He had been the "denouncer of Jefferson, the revilerof Madison, and the sycophant of Strong." "Candour" says it is painful "to see our Newspapers the vehicles of slander and bitter invective ; " that the articles of "Subscriber" and "Castigator," which "sullied the columns of the Register," must "reflect disgrace upon their authors," and it was to be hoped that their in- decent and abusive example would " not be imitated by the friends of the very respectable and worthy gentleman [Mr. Williamson] whose honestly acquired fame had ren- dered him an object of envy with the victims of disap- pointed ambition." " Castigator" said that his communication had thrown the supporters of Mr. Williamson off their guard. They now raised the cry of "scurrility - Disagreeable truths they called scurrility. He should spare Mr. Williamson for the present, as he had heard it suggested that he was to withdraw from the canvass. "A Farmer" wanted to know what "rotation in office" meant. "A Mechanic" likes to see "men of stern integrity and competent abilities elected to office by fair means," and when a man is nominated for office, he likes to see him remain perfectly passive and let the people act as they think best. He dori't like to see men of mean abilities and questionable integrity thrusting themselves into notice, boasting of their Republicanism, and charging their oppo- nents with a want of moral principle; theirnear relations helping them; professing to be Christians; reviling their fellows of the same profession; being in public office crying with the horse-leech, give, give, and just before election fawning about men whom a few days before he would not speak to in the street. "No Fiction " flings to the world "A NEW SONG TO AN OLD TUNE." I. Election day.is fast approaching, Cheerly O, O, cheerly O. Some on our rights will be encroaching, Drearily O, O, drearily, O. 2. Who from ruin now shall save us? Harriman O, O, Hatriman O; He'll guard the rights our fathers gave us, Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O. 3- In poUtics he's all perfection, Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O; Witness John Quincy's late election; Harriman O, O, Harriman O. 4- As a mechanic he is able, Harriman O, O, Harriman O, To furnish pitchforks for our stable, Cheerly man O, O, cheerly man O. S- His fame through all the country soundeth, Cheerly O, O, cheerly O, From one to five miles it reboundeth, Merrily O, O, merrily O, 6. Prove he's the man of your appointment, Cheerly O, O, cheerly O, And he'll drop the trade of making ointment; Merrily O, O, merrily O. "Bangor" was of opinion that the electors of the dis- trict should give their "suffrages to the firm and decided friends of the National Administration," whatever their preliminaries in poHtics might have been. Samuel But- man, an old Republican, had. been nominated for Sen- ator, and Jacob McGaw, an old Federalist, had been nominated for Representative to Congress, and were the friends of the Administration; therefore they should be elected. A somewhat obscure writer intimates that it is under- stood by some "that the Hon. S. H., the inventor of the celebrated Cutaneous Liniment, and the favorite of Vul- can and Esculapius, is about to journey through a neigh- boring county for the benefit of health, and to eradicate the diseases of others, especially of the Scotch species. But those who see deeper into a niillstone, whisper that the journey is, in truth, of a political nature." A county convention in Somerset, which was exclu- sively Republican, did not concur in the nomination of Mr.. McGaw. A candidate to represent the district in Congress was advertised for, who "must be a man of honesty, integrity, firmness, independence, and a tolerable share of modesty, good common sense, and a good common-school educa- tion. But none having a diploma of law, physics, or divinity, need apply." "A Citizen" deprecated the action of the Somerset convention. He was of opinion that if they had re- flected on the changes in the Government and in the two great parties in the last ten years, "their partiality to the present administration would have prevented their making any invidious distinction between Federalist and Republicar." "A Backwoodsman," in reply to "A Republican of '76," says: "Well, after the general notice, if Republi- cans enough could not be found to form a convenrion, or righteous persons enough to save the city from fire and brimstone, what can we do? Why, do as well as we can; and choose enough out of the second best to hold a convention, and save the city in that way." This was done; no unfairness was practiced. "A Revolutionary Soldier" comes out in a tirade against Crawfordism and the evil it has done, and favors the election of Mr. McGaw, as a man "of fair character, a firm friend of the administration, capable and ^onest. "But it seems he has a competitor in the famous W. D. Williamson, of office-seeking memory; for a specimen of whose talents I refer you to his speech on the late Presi- dent Adams's bust, and his speech in Congress on cir- cumcision." HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 629 ' "Fair Play" says he is neither a friend nor an enemy of Mr. Williamson, but rather an " arnicas curica7ie — a kind of go-between, whose business it is to prove that both sides are altogether in the wrona;, and neither of them at all to blame." After a scathing review of Mr. Williamson's course in the canvass, he concludes: "I appeal to the candor of his opponents to say whether, placed in precisely the situation of Mr. W., they would have man aged better then he has done." "A Republican of 1815" is astonished at the "abuse and obloquy poured out upon the character of Judge Williamson." If his reputation is thus to " be aspersed with impunity, there is no character so pure as not to be polluted by the breath of slander." He enumerates the offices he has held with honor; how he has been the friend of the people, while other lawyers were opposing them, cursing their politics, and calling them a "swinish multitude." ("Brewer" inquires: "What are Mr. McGaw's claims? Whatever opinions we may entertam concerning him as a citizen or as a lawyer, we must award him the sentence of all antecedent tune, that he is not a man of the peo- ple — that he does not possess those qualifications requi- site to public employment." "Arator :" "Mr. McGaw is as bitter a Federalist as he was in the time of the embargo and war. ' Mr. William- son, though he professes to be a Republican, has neither talent nor energy sufficient to represent the Re- publicans." He then enlarges on the excellencies of Jonathan Farrar as a candidate. Full confidence might be had in him. "An Elector" is of opinion that if there was truth in half that had been said against Mr. Williamson and Mr. McGaw, both ought to be set aside and David Perham elected, against whom nothing could be objected, "Bangor" is strongly laudatory of "Hon. Simon Har- riman," whose "undoubted talents, strict integrity, and undeviating principles" had long since marked him as the man whom the people delighted to honor. He stood alone on his, own naked merits, and if his friends did their duty he would receive a vote worthy of his inde- pendence of character and integrity and soundness of judgment. "Castigator" criticises "Candor," etc., says that he shall leave Mr. Williamson to the full enjoyment of their panegyrics, as he found that under the castigation he had administered even his opposers pitied him, and bade that gentleman take his chance at the polls, as he should raise no more sympathies in his favor. The reader will gather from the foregoing abstracts the manner in which a political campaign was conducted ■in Penobscot about half a century ago. The candidates nominated by conventions and by individuals were re- spectable men. It is not to be supposed that any body of men or any man would be so stupid as to nominate a person who was not of average respectability — -unless, peradventure, he should nominate himself — with the ex- pectation of procuring for him a decent support. But it mattered not who were the candidates; when one ob- tamed sufficient prominence he was pursued by the friends of the others with a bitterness that would be hardly excusable in savages. Like death they puisued the shining mark; no matter how sensitive the subject or how pure his life, if there was the least flaw in the armor of his character it was found and pierced, and reamed and rasped, until it would seem to be the most rickety, unsubstantial character in existence. The effect of all this miserable discussion with the electors in the district will be gathered from the vote. Mr. McGaw, the regular nominee of the district, received T,i62 votes; Mr. Williamson, the irregular nominee, re- ceived 1,427. Of the nominees of individuals, Mr. Far- rar received 169; Judge Perham, 117 ; General Herrick, 92; Daniel Wilkins, 46; Benjamin Nourse, 29; and "Major" Harriman, who nominated himself, 211; scat- tering, 54. Necessary to choice r,669. The vote of Bangor was 112 for McGaw; 33 for Williamson; 33 for Harriman; 18 scattering. The meeting for the choice of Representative was held on the nth of September. A week afterwards Mr. Wil- liamson attempted to close the office of the Register by attaching the printing materials, in a suit on a demand of $281 which he had held against Mr. Burton for several years, and which Mr. Burton said his creditors had assured him should not be pressed to cause him dis- tress. This act embittered Mr. Williamson's enemies more than ever against him, and caused his friends much regret. Whether he deserved it or not, he was .thought to be actuated by feelings of revenge. He may have ob- tained payment of the debt from the friends of Messrs. Burton & Carter, who would not have the paper dis- continued; but he lost much of that sympathy which the virulent attack upon him had awakened in the bosoms of many of his supporters. The candidates for Representative to the Legislature were David J. Burt, Thomas A. Hill, and William Neil. There was no choice. Joseph Treat was afterwards brought into the field, but after the third balloting. Major Bent was elected. At this period goods came to Bangor by sailing vessels. It was considered " dispatch " when a gentleman went from Bangor to Boston, selected $3,000 worth of various kinds of goods, shipped them on board a sailing vessel, in which he took passage, and had the goods opened and marked, and was selling them in Bangor in just one week after he left the town to purchase the goods.* On the 28th of August the slide in the Notch of the White Mountains occt>rred, which destroyed the Willey family.' The report of this calamity created a profound sensation. On the 24th the steam-packet New York, which had some time before visited Bangor, was burnt near Petit Menan Island on her passage from Boston to Eastport. General Irish, the Land Agent, offered for sale at Jacob Chick's inn, on September 21st., the west "half of Township No. 3, Third Range ; Nos. i and 3, Fourth Range; Nos. i, 2, 3, A, and Tract Z, Sixth Range; i and 3, Seventh Range, by Norris & McMillan's plan, and tract E, of Third Range, north of the Mattawamkeag and *Rufus Dwinel. 630 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. south of the Monument line. As no minimum price was fixed and a third of the purchase money was required down, only one tract of twenty-one acres was struck off. The ability of such as wanted to buy was too limited for so large purchases. Mr. Reuben Bartlett, of Garland, thought the occa- sion required that he should publicly inform the gentle- men who convened at Garland to ascertain the state of the vote in that Representative class, on the 13th of September, that he did not intend to slight Esquire Wheeler (they not being personally unfriendly) in not extending a special invitation to him to drink, because he did not vote for him — a matter for which he did not care, as every one had the right to vote as he pleased — when he included him in the general invitation. There were some diffident persons to whom he spoke particu- larly, without intending to slight any. He added, for the benefit of those who had misrepresented his religious principles, that he believed in a just God who would, "most assuredly, chastise vile calumniators." In October the circus, with its "ground and lofty tumbling," Shetland pony, hunted tailor, etc., ex- hibited at Hulchins's hotel to the great delectation of the grown and small boys. On October 12 the "Debating Society" assembled at the office of Edward Kent, and discussed the question whether "it was commendable in a candidate for office to be active in promoting his own election." The Stillwater bridge in Orono was completed this month. In the Report to Congress of the Board of En- gineers for the Defense of the Seaboard, the Penobscot Bay was stated to be an important part of the coast. "Upon this bay," it says, "and upon the river of the same name flowing into it, are situated several flourish- ing towns and villages. Of the many bays which inter- sect this coast, the Penobscot is the one which presents the greatest number of safe and extensive anchorages; their number, indeed, is such as to render it inexpedient to attempt, under present circumstances, the defense of them. . . It is necessary, however, to protect the valuable commerce of the bay and river, and to afford a secure retreat for such vessels as, endangered' by an enemy, may be enabled to place themselves under the protection of the works to the right or left of the bay. The lowest point at which the object can be accomplished, without great expense, is at the narrows of the river op- posite Bucksporr, and the Board have accordingly presented a project for a fort at that position, accom- panied by a memoir and estimate; the expense is es- timated at $101,000." Thirty-two vessels were in port on the twenty-third day of November. The Penobscot Boom Corporation was organized this year. Messrs. Fiske & Bridge, of Boston, erected this year two double saw-mills in Milford, at the foot of Old- town Falls. They also erected a dam across the main channel of the Penobscot, having a sluice, sixty feet wide, for the passage of rafts. But the sluice was of no value, and the dam was thought by many to be a nui- sance, as persons having lumber above could not get it over the Falls as they could before the dam was built'. There was great dissatisfaction, when the proprietors al- tered the sluice, and the lumber public was accom- modated. The i8th of December having .been appointed for a new trial for a Representative to Congress, "Elector" nominated Samuel Call as a candidate. "Penobscot" had no hesitation in saying that Jacob McGaw's qualifi- cations entitled him to the entire confidence of the elec- tors. Another "Penobscot" thought poorly of Mr. Williamson, better of Mr. McGaw, but Samuel Call was preferable to either. "Kenduskeag" also was pleased with the nomination of Mr. Call, and was severe upon the lawyers. "Philo" was of opinion that, as the subjects of the Northeastern boundary, our claims for indemnification for trespasses on our timber lands, the navigation of our waters, the defense of the country, a military road from the head of our tide-waters to the St. John River, a cpl- lection district for the county of Penobscot, the interrup- tion of our fisheries, the capture of our vessels by the British ship Dotterell, were pending before Congress, we ought to have a gentleman there to protect our rights "of paramount natural and acquired accomplishments," and he wished to know of the gentlemen who had made the new nomination "how many of these paramount qualifi- cations their candidate was supposed to possess." He thought, as it had been suggested that Judge Williamson had withdrawn, and the people of the county were so in- different in regard to a candidate, there would be no election at the next trial. "An Elector" nominated John Wilkins as preferable to the other candidates. "Justitia" says in regard to Mr. Wilkins: "The ambi- tion of filling a public office, no matter how unsuitable our talents or incompetent our powers to discharge the duties of it, has become proverbial. Give a man a taste of public life and he hungers and thirsts eternally. The persons who had nominated Mr. Wilkins had been for a year circulating reports detrimental to him, and now had signed a circular recommending him for office. There is something so abhorrent to good sense and propriety in this as to excite in every breast emotions of indigna- tion." At a meeting of Democratic Republicans of Bangor and neighboring towns, on November 23, Joshua Cham- berlain Chairman, and Peleg Chandler Secretary, "inas- much as Mr. Williamson declined to be considered a candidate for Representative to Congress," John Wilkins was recommended. "Philo Justitia," in a long, wordy article, in which he made some flings at Mr. Williamson and Mr. McGaw, thought the private caucus that nominated Mr. Wilkins was composed of "treacherous friends and open ene- mies." "Justitia " comes out against McGaw and Wilkins, and squarely for Call as the most suitable and best qualified of either of the candidates. Mr. McGaw — a lawyer who confined himself to his profession and generally had little to do with politics HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 631 had been brought forward by his friends, who knew his genial and kindly qualities, but who were not intimate enough with him to understand the sensitiveness of his na- ture. There was one mean calumniator, however, who did understand that, and he did not hesitate to use his knowledge to get so formidable an antagonist out of the way of Ms candidate. He was probably one of those who marched with -such courageous celerity from Hamp- den in September, 1814. He called himself "Scrutator," and produced from the town records the copy of a peti- tion, of the contents of which he knew that Mr. McGaw knew nothing when it was signed, and had remained .ineffectual afterwards; accompanied by an ac- cusation which in the morbid condition of the public mind at the time he had reason to believe must operate injuriously to him, false and malicious as it was. The petition was this: To the Selectmen of Bangor : Whereas we, the subscribers, have witnessed and felt, with deep sensibility and concern, the inroads and breaches made upon thex^onstitution of the United States and laws, too grievous to be borne, made by those whose duty it is to govern the Union with honest moderation and profitable justice; and whereas, after waiting seven years, with a hope that the evils we have felt from the General Government would come to an end, and seen the vanity of supplicating them for relief — we despair, and rest our hope only on the Government of Massachusetts, to which we naturally owe allegiance. We feel desirous that the people of the town of Bangor should assem- ble in town meeting for the purpose of memorializing the Legislature of the State on the subject of the iniquitous, oppressive, and unconstitu- tional laws passed by Congress, and praying them to adopt measures to relieve us against their operation. Wherefore we request you to issue your warrant, whereby the inhabitants of the town of Bangor may be notified to meet on Monday ne.xt, at two of the clock in the afternoon, at such place as you may think proper to appoint, to act on the following proposition : To memorialize in the form of petition, res- olution, or otherwise, the General Court of the Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts, expressing to them the views of said inhabitants in respect to the Administration of the Government of the United States, and re- questing them to take measures, such as in their wisdom shall seem best, to afford said inhabitants, and the other citizens of the Common- wealth, relief from the operation of some of the unnecessary and in- iquitous laws passed by the Congress of the United States. Bangor, February 15, iSr4. "The above petition was signed by nine persons, among whom were Jacob McGaw and some of his most strenuous supporters." This malignant and unscrupulous writer then charges Mr. McGaw with friendship for the enemy in this man- ner: "When the English were in Bangor in 1814, Barry, the English commander, ordered the inhabitants to as- semble at the Court-house and sign a parole not to, serve against the English during the war. The inhabitants of the town paid little or no attention to the demand. Bar- ry, disappointed at not seeing them, was apparently in a great rage. This Mr. McGaw, who was near, says to him [these are the very words], 'Commodore, we have no music by which to collect them; if you will furnish me with a drummer and fifer, I will go round and bring them in.' Barry ordered out a drummer and fifer, and Mc- Gaw marched through the village at their head, and col- lected some who took the oath. This he did with an unblushing countenance and elastic step, as if he gloried "1 his shame. And is this volunteer lacquey of a British commander, and he such a brute as Barry, to be our member of Congress ? Forbid it. Patriotism. Forbid it, Decency." The facts were, with regard to the petition, that it was handed to Mr. McGaw for his signature by one in whom he had confidence, saying it was a request for a town meeting to consider the existing state of things; and he, being otherwise occupied, put his name to it without reading it. When the town-ineeting assembled and the petition was read, Mr. McGaw moved that the meeting adjourn without action and without day, as has been stated elsewhere in these Annals. The subject-matter of the petition was thought not to be proper to be even de- bated, and it was not. As to the other allegation, Mr. McGaw "was ordered under guard by Barry for attempt- ing to procure the release of some of the citizens of Hampden, who were then imprisoned on board the enemy's vessels." He was active in rendering every as- sistance in his power to his fellow-citizens, and in so do- ing he was compelled to submit to many indignities. The citizens were all prisoners of war until the parole was signed, and the will of the conquerors was their law, except to do things dishonorable ; and of that Mr. Mc- Gaw would not be guilty. "A Republican" sounds the trumpetfor JohnWilkinsas a man of undoubted integrity, sound judgment, extensive general and political information, a firm and undeviating Republican and supporter of John Quincy Adams. A meeting of the friends of the Administration on November 30th, at which Joseph Carr presided, with James Crosby Secretary, dissented from the nomination of Mr. Wilkins as not a friend of the National Adminis- tration, and sustained the nomination of Mr. McGaw, as made by "a numerous and respectable convention of Re- publicans." Whereupon William D. Williamson, William Emerson, Joshua Chamberlain, Isaac Jacobs, Isaac Hodsdon, James Tilton, Royal Clark, Wiggins Hill, Thomas Davee, and Joshua Carpenter, with fifteen gentlemen of Somerset, issued circuliirs in favor of Mr. Wilkins for Congress, as "the poor man's friend, the good man's companion." A convention of delegates from eight towns, fearing that from the distracted state of the public mind upon the subject of a Representative to Congress, a person wholly unqualified would be elected, concluded that they would avoid the calamity by still further distracting the public mind by assembling at Hampden on December 9th and repudiating Mr. McGaw and nominating another candidate — Simeon Stetson, Esq. Simon Harriman deprecated the course that had been pursued in regard to him. The law had pronounced some of the votes for him legal; others not, because of verbal errors in the votes, " conjured up by technical lawyers;" then, that it was said that his nomination was got up for sport, when it was no such thing, but a real, serious, honest nomination, and his intentions were "true, pure, and honorable," and that he was still a can- didate for the suffrages of the people. " Somerset and Penobscot " urged the election of Jacob McGaw as having been nominated in the old Democratic way, and repudiated Mr. Wilkins as a Craw- fordite and a candidate of the friends of William H. Crawford. 632 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. "Veritas " said that John Wilkins had been taken from that obscurity for which nature evidently designed him and forced into office, " in which he could neither do credit to himself nor reflect honor on the community;" therefore the electors should vote for the regular nominee of the convention, Jacob McGaw, who was the equal of Mr. Wilkins in integrity, and " in talents greatly superior, and certainly in no respect inferior to either of the op- posing candidates." An anonymous writer thought Samuel Call the man who preserved " that intelligence which would make him respected everywhere ; that virtue which may be relied upon; that moral and physical courage which will be proof against the sarcasm of a Randolph or the pistols of a McDuffie;" that love of country, etc., whichrendered him the fittest candidate for Congress. This was the last shot fired before the meeting, which was held on the i8th. Mr. McGaw then received in Bangor 136 votes (doubtless "Scrutator's" attackhelped him in Bangor), Mr. Call 33, Mr. Wilkins 32, Simon Harriman 17, scattering 15. Mr. Wilkins had the high- est number of votes in the district- — 1,300; Mr. McGaw received 993, all others 607. There was no choice. The 2d day of April was assigned for the third trial. December 13, Benjamin Garland opened the Franklin House. It was a very pretty two-story dwelling, with the end on Harlow street, of red brick. The front was to- wards Franklin street, sheathed, and painted white. It had a hip-roof, and was at that time one of the hand- somest dwellings in town. Its dimensions have since been greatly enlarged. Rev. S. L. Pomroy, Chairman of the Superintending School Committee, gave notice that the following-named books had been adopted for the public schools, viz: New York Primer, Marshall's Spelling Book, Beauties of the Bible, Historical Reader, American First Class Book, Fisk's Murray's Grammar, Cummings's Geography, and Colburn's Arithmetic and Sequel. Among the business men this year whose names have not been mentioned were John Roberts, Benjamin Nourse (books), Ford & Isaac S. Whitman, Thomas Furber, Elmore Parker, Philip H. & John J. Coombs,. Rufus Dwinel, George W. Randall, Benjamin Haskell, Micajah Haskell, Charles B. Prescot, Thomas F. Hatch, Edward Hatch, William A. Hatch, Thomas Green, Hazen Mitchell, Samuel True, David Reynolds, Samuel L. Val- entine, Mark Trafton, John Bright, Nathaniel French, Dustan C. Quimby, Hosea Stodder, William Emerson, Jr., Fordyce Hills. The old firm of Taylor & Brown (Abner Taylor and George W. Brown), which had been in existence a great many years in a two-story frame store at the right-hand corner of West Market Square approaching Kenduskeag Bridge, was dissolved this month. With the winter came the muse of the season, and "Sleighing" was announced in these lines: The bells are jingling — winter now, With his white livery clothes the ground, .'ind o'er the glar'd, hard-trodden snow, The merry bells are ringing round. Jingling — the shingle weavers come — ■ The roads are full, the streets beset — To buy molasses or new rum, Or any thing that they can get. The bells are jingling — farmers hie With beef, or pork, or wheat, or oats; Of winter goods to get supply — And some hard cash to pay their notes. Jingle the bells — the merchant smiles, And at dull times no longer frets; Takes care of profits — and the whiles Most carefully collects his debts. Thei're jingling, too, the lawyers please, In office pent so long and wary; It tells of clients and of fees. And the next Court, in January. This jingle, too, the printer cheers, He loves to hear the merry clash, It soundeth to his practised ears, As saying — "produce, sir, or cash." All love to see the busy men. And motion of the bustling throng: And those, the loveliest in the scene. The merry belles that glide along. Mr. Tilly Brown, a respected citizen, a native of Con- cord, Massachusetts, died at the age of forty. He was employed in aiding the settlement of Township No. 2, Old Indian Purchase, and building mills, surveying and running lines, but over-exerting himself among the fallen timber, he burst a blood-vessel and died from loss of blood. CHAPTER XX. Mozart Society— Female Charitable Society— Amos Patten Elected Councillor — Case of Call and Williamson— Judge Perham Nomi- nated for Congress — Penobscot Gazette Discontinued — Colonel Hodsdon Elected Major-General — Obstructions at Piscataquis— Ed- ward Kent Chief Justice Court of Sessions— Early and late Canvass — More Politics — Mr. Williamson again Nominated — Wilkins, Her- rick, Harriman, and Carr in the Field— No Choice — Fire Wardens- Horse Ferry-boat — Eastern Republican Established — Nathaniel Haynes Editor— Greek Cause — Northeast Boundary — Road Travel- River Obstructions — Major Harriman's Pitchforks— Great Haul of Shad and .'\lewives — Houlton Mail — Penobscot Indians in New York — Boston Survey of Lumber— Needham, the Mail Robber— Fourth of July — Temperance— Independent Volunteers' Anniversary— Politi- cal Movements — Major-General Hodsdon — Samuel Butman Nomi- nated for Congress — General Hodsdon Nominated — Party History — Poor Farm— Abuse of Indians— State Election— Death of Mrs. How- ard—Washington Guards— Circus— Hops — Anna Royal— Arrest of Baker at Madawaska — Methodist Meeting-house Contemplated— Mil- itary Order— Death of Dr. Skinner— Orono Canal Contemplated— Agent on Boundary Troubles — Governor's Proclamatioii— War Feared— Isaac R. Park's Peril— Stillwater Bridge— Death of Thomas Howard— British Claims— The Clarion— Military Road— The Baker Case at Washington — Brig Bold Jack Lost— Business Men. 1827. The year 1827 was ushered in with music. The Bangor Mozart Society, of which Mr. Levi Cram was Clerk, devoted much time to the practice of the "hard masters." HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 633 The Female Charitable Society did not forget its mis- sion. It assembled at the dwelling of Mr. Asa Davis, under the promptings of Mrs. Dorcas P. Pike, in the performance of its objects, early in January. Amos Patten, of Bangor, was elected as a member of Governor Lincoln's Council, for Penobscot. At the session of the Conrt of Common Pleas, in Jan- uary, William D. Williamson was tried a second time for an assault upon Samuel Call. Mr. Call was Surveyor of Highways, and at some time in the year 1826 was repair- ing the street in front of Mr. Williamson's dwelling, and in such a way as to render the entrance inconvenient. As politics were high, and these two gentlemen were not politically friendly, Mr. Williamson imagined that Call was taking advantage of his position to annoy him, and interfered, with his stepson, Benjamin Wiggin, sufficient- ly to give an occasion for an indictment for assault and battery. After two trials — the jury declining to agree — a nolle prosequi was entered. The result was as might have been expected, with politics an element in the case. On January 31 Albion K. Parris was elected a United States Senator for Maine. A prospectus for a new paper, to be called the Eastern Republican, was circulated, to the dismay of the Register. It was to be a "genuine Republican" paper, and the Reg- ister never forgot that announcement. William King, of Bath, and Rufus Mclntyre, of Par- sonfield, were appointed Commissioners for the survey and establishment ot the boundary line between Maine and New Hampshire. The report of the Land Agent showed that the net receipts of the State for lands, timber, and grass sold the past year, were $38,884.32. The delegation in the Legislature from the Penobscot and Somerset District, nominated Judge Perham as can- didate for Congress. The Penobscot Gazette was discontinued. The Reg- ister gave as the cause of its death "an atrophy," though it had been reported that it was strangled to make room for " Miss Eastern Republican." The abduction of William Morgan by Free Masons, as was alleged, for publishing a book revealing the secrets of Free Masonry, occurred about this time and caused great excitement. The members of the Legislature re-nominated Governor Enoch Lincoln for re-election. Colonel Isaac Hodsdon was elected Major-General of the Third Division of Militia, to fill the vacancy occa- sioned by the resignation of General Jedediah Herrick. George B. Moody, of Oldtown, and Nathaniel Haynes, of Bangor, formed a law copartnership. Great indignation was occasioned among the business men on the Piscataquis River by the erection of a dam at ^^ Us mouth, and a meeting was held in Sebec, by which it was declared a public nuisance in its situation and an effectual obstacle to the passage of rafts of lumber and timber. A committee, consisting of John Bradbury, of Foxcroft; Francis Brown, of Brownville; and Josiah Towle, of Sebec, was appointed to cause the obstructions there and at Oldtowii, if necessary, to be removed. 80 At the annual meeting for the choice of town officers, Alexander Savage was elected Town Clerk; George Starrett, Treasurer; Jacob McGaw, Agent; Amos Pat- ten, James Crosby, Daniel Pike, Selectmen, Assessors and Overseers of the Poor-; Swan L. Pomroy, William D. Williamson, Benjamin Nourse, Joshua P. Dickinson, and John Godfrey, Superintending School Committee. Edward Kent was appointed by the Governor Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions. Joshua Carpenter, of Howland, was appointed a commissioner to lay out a road from Township No. 2 to'Mattanawcook ; and Joel Wellington, of Albion, a commissioner to lay out a road from Mattanawcook to Houlton. A convention of the "Democratic Republicans" of the District was held in Bangor, to nominate a candidate for Representative to Congress. Joshua Chamberlain was Chairman; Isaac Hodsdon, Secretary. Two sets of delegates presented themselves from Bangon A meeting had been called by the trained politicians at the unusual hour of 6 o'clock, at which time a dozen persons as- sembled and selected delegates and adjourned. Presently about thirty persons appeared at the usual hour for such meetings and elected another set of delegates. The con- vention concluded that the delegates elected by the prompt caucus, that elected delegates before they took their supper, were entitled to be recognized rather than the delegates elected by the late caucus, after supper I They therefore received the delegates of the former and rejected those of the latter, not considering that when anything was to be accomplished in a political conven- tion, there was such a thing as being "too smart." Such proceedings are not yet obsolete — the prompt men at caucuses doing everything in their own way, and leaving the later men to reconcile themselves to the fact as best they can. The convention nominated William D. Williamson as candidate for Congress, sixteen to ten. Another meeting was held at Mr. Chick's hotel by genilemen who deemed that the first meeting was unfairly conducted, and nominated General Jeded[ah Herrick as a candidate. The model proclamation of Governor Lincoln for a day of fasting and prayer was published at this time, and ought to have been carefully studied by the politi- cians. "I recommend to every one," he said, "to observe the day [April 5] as a Christian; if he be under the influence of any vice, to banish it; if in error, to correct it; if under obligations to others, honestly to discharge them; if suf- fering injuries, to forgive them; if aware of animosities, to extinguish them; and if able to do any benevolent act to any being created by the Almighty Power to which he owes his existence and his faculties, to do it. "And with a conscience thus prepared, may we visit the Temple of God, to worship him with humble and happy disposition, which always belongs to piety and innocence; beseeching Him that the religion he sent by our Saviour may not be perverted through the pride and prejudices of sectarianism, but may universally receive the homage of a correct faith and good works, 634 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. "Especially I recommend that, being members of one great community, we unite as Christian politicians, so that we may render perpetual the peace and prosperity of our country and of this State." The nomination of Mr. Williamson by a packed cau- cus occasioned no little animadversion among the Dem- ocratic Republicans. There were but twenty-six votes cast, and the balloting did not take place until after two adjournments — for lunch at ii o'clock and dinner at i, in Mr. Chick's hotel. "An Elector" could not adopt the nomination of Mr. Williamson, made by such a caucus, "after spending most of the day in taking a little refreshment prepared for the occasion, and adding a few talesmen to make a decent number in the convention, but preferred to vote for the unanimously nominated Republican candidate, John Wilkins. "Penobscot" fearlessly asserted that the convention was packed; that some of the friends of the candidate " very ingenuously confessed that they assembled at the convention, not for the purpose of an interchange of sentiment, not to nominate a candidate who would unite the Republicans, but to nominate William D. William- son." An anonymous writer publishes the circular of Mr. Williamson, Mr. Hodsdon, Mr. Clark, and Mr. Tilton, addressed to the electors before the last trial, recom- mending Mr. Wilkins, and urges that, as Mr. Wilkins was regularly nominated and had not withdrawn, he should be supported in preference to Mr. Williamson, who had withdrawn, and was afterward nominated at the expense of every fair principle, because he could not be satisfied until he was permitted to figure once more upon the. floor of Congress. But the people were not stupid fools; they could read, they could see, they could think. "Cato" wanted his fellow citizens to look at the can- didates. First, there was William D. Williaaison "clothed with the recommendations of the conventions of each county," which at first blush had an imposing appear- ance, but when it was understood how the conventions were managed "by less than half a dozen inconsistent intriguers," their doings were of no binding force. Second, there was John Wilkins, whom Mr. William- son and others of his present supporters had recom- mended as "a Democratic Republican from his youth, the poor man's friend and the good man's companion." Then there was Jedediah Herrick, whose "abilities were far above mediocrity, whose integrity was undoubt- ed ; a rhan of extensive views and general information." Then there was Joseph Carr, "one of the oldest set- tlers, a firm and undeviating Republican from his child- hood. . . . Of these candidates choose ye whom ye will, but so act that ye may not repent." "Philo Justitia" eschewed old party distinctions, and said we had good examples for domg so ; Georgia, a Re- publican State, had elected a Berrien, an old Federalist, to Congress ; Virginia, a Tazewell; Delaware, a McLane; and Massachusetts, a Webster. Let us do likewise, and elect from among the candidates, without regard to party predilections, the one best competent to serve us —Gen- eral Jedediah Herrick. The writer's admiration of that gentleman was unbounded. "Penobscot" favored General Herrick as a "man of undoubted integrity, superior talents, and an undeviating friend of the administiation of John Quincy Adams." "A Republican of the Old School" treated the course of Mr. Williamson's friends to a choice bit of irony. Simon Harriraan again lifted his clarion voice : ■ I am the proper person to be elected. I have been consistent in my course; I have not, like a brother candidate, at one alection withdrawn my name, and then endeavored to force myself again into nomination; nor have I, hke another candidate, been dispirited by two unsuccessful attempts, and then retired from the contest too late for my friends to substitute another in my stead. No, my friends, I have pursued a uni- form course; f have, and do still offer myulf to you. On March 26 the Republicans from several towns in the county met at the Franklin House, Benjamin Gar- land in the chair and Joseph R. Lumbert Secretary, and nominated Joseph Carr as "a pure and tried Republican and a firm friend of the National Administration;" as one to whom the Republican electors would not hesitate to give their votes. An address to the Republicans of 181 2 in the District set forth that when the country was suffering from the restrictive measures which became necessary in conse- quence of the British impressment of our seamen and Orders in Council and French Decrees, the late Hon. Francis Carr was willing to risk his all — to see his ship rot on her stocks, and the debts due to him sacrificed, . for the support of the honor of his country; that when in Congress from this District, he did not hesitate to make the sacrifice; that when our country was struggling hard in the contest of war for* her rights, Hon. James Carr sustained these rights in a inanner highly honorable to himself and useful to his constituents." Now several who had always basked in the sunshine of public favor, but had never sacrificed a cent for the public good, were urging an addition "to their wealth, their ease and their honor." But all the electors of the District had not for- gotten to be grateful for past favors. Some remembered that another member of that family still lived, and they well knew that Joseph Carr, Esq., of Bangor, possessed talents at least equal to those of his late honorable father and brother. He was the instrument for restoring union among friends. If he is elected to Congress "our coun- try will honor our judgment, and our consciences approve of our deeds." A convention at Norridgewock on the nth of March voted to concur in Mr. Williamson's nomination. The report outside was that the "convention barely con- curred." The vote was taken April 2. Bangor gave for Mr. Carr, 105; for Mr. Wilkins, 38; for General Herrick, 28; for "Major" Harriman, 27; for Judge Williamson, 4'! scattering, 6. The vote of the District was, for Carr, 579; Wilkins, 225;- Herrick, 760; Williamson, 1,520; others, 567. There was no choice. The Fire Wardens of the town held a meeting and dis- tributed the duties among themselves thus: Amos Patten, or in his absence George W. Brown, to have the direc- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 63s tion of Washington engine at any fire; Benjamin Has- kell or J. B. Fiske, the direction of engine No. i; George Bradford, charge of fire hooks and removing vessels; David Hill, charge of ladders; John Barker, Jacob Mc- Gaw, Wiggins Hill, and John Ham, to form lines to con- vey water to Washington engine ; Edmund Dole, Abner Taylor, and John M. Prince, to form lines for engine No. I • J. B. Fiske and G. W. Brown, charge of removing furniture and merchandise. G. W. Brimmer, Esq., of Boston, interested himself in putting a horse ferry-boat on the Bangor ferry this sea- son. The Eastern Republican was established, under the editorial management of Nathaniel Haynes, a lawyer of liberal education. Samuel Call, who wrote the edi- torials for the Register, suggested "that he was not the first young man who had been disappointed in his ex- pectations to lead the inhabitants of the courity of Pe- nobscot;" that he must treat his seniors with respect, his equals with courtesy; that he should learn to see him- self as others saw him; that he should learn to express his ideas in English, and not vaunt himself on a smatter- ing of Latin; and that he should never attempt wit." On April 13th Mr. Chick served to his guests a fine fresh salmon. Much interest was felt for the Greek cause. A public meeting was held in the Court-house April 16th; Amos Patten, Chairman; Edward Kent, Secretary. William D. Williamson, James Crosby, Professor Smith, Mark L. Hill, Jr., Nathaniel Harlow, and Rufus Dwinel were ap- pointed a committee to solicit contributions. Prominent gentlemen named in the several towns in the county were requested to co-operate. Samuel Call, Jacob Mc- Gaw, and Edward Kent were appointed a committee to address the citizens of the county on the situation and sufferings of the Greeks, and they published a very clear statement of the condition of that people. They were struggling for liberty against the Turks. They were strug- gling for the same principle for which the founders of our Republic struggled successfully, and "we owe a debt of humanity." John G. Deane, Esq., of Ellsworth, about this time commenced a series of valuable articles upon the North- eastern boundary, in the "Independent Courier," under the signature of "Cato." Miss Brown commenced her first summer term of a school for young ladies in Bangor on the ist of May. Tuition from $3 to $5 per quarter. The higher English studies were taught, with drawing, painting, and orna- mental needlework. It was a good and successful school. The travel upon the road leading into Bangor was be- coming noticeable. A person confined to his house on the Orono road, about a mile from the Kenduskeag Stream, counted the people, horses, and carriages that passed between 7 o'clock a. m. and 7 p. m. There were 219 persons, 90 horses, 35 chaises, 39 wagons. He cal- culated that one-third as many passed before 7 A. M. and ^'ter 7 P- M., and there was no unusual excitement. ' It was the everyday travel. The business men of Piscataquis were in earnest in re- gard to the Piscataquis dam. A party of men was em- ployed and removed the obstruction to the navigation of . the river without the consent of the owner. The Fiske & Bridge sluice at Oldtown was of no benefit, and the dam was the occasion of so much complaint that the owners were compelled to satisfy the public in regard to a passage for lumber. Major Harriman did not permit his want of success in running for Congress to prevent his caring for the farmers as usual. He could afford no time for recrimi- nation, but continued the manufacture of pitchforks, ox, cow, and sheep bells, "warranted to be heard from one to five miles." He, however, removed his shop "to Fore street, next door to Mr. Chick's Maine Coffee House," probably having a faint idea that such proximity to so famous a political hotel would give him some ad- vantages in enforcing his claims to high position in the Government. Major Nathaniel Haynes, aid of Major-General Hods- don, gave notice of the appointment by that officer of George W. Pickering Division Inspector, and Samuel Lowder, Jr. Division Quartermaster. The grand caravan, with lions, tigers, elephant, ichneu- mon. Dandy Jack, and Captain J)ick, accompanied by wax statues, made its annual visit in May. The finding a piece of wood with the appearance of a petrified post, in the ground in the front of the Court- house, was thought worthy of note. Mr. Comins was digging a cellar, and was astonished when he fell upon this piece of "wooden stone." Some opinion may be formed in regard to the im- mense quantities of fish in the Penobscot at the head of the tide, when it is understood that seven thousand shad and a hundred barrels of alewives were taken at one haul of the seine, about the middle of May this year. They were taken by Mr. Luther Eaton, of Eddington. This was an unusual fish year. Shad were sold at Oldtown at fifty cents a hundred, and alewives were deemed hardly worth saving. * Samuel K. Gilman, of Hallowell, was appointed Col- lector of Customs for Penobscot, in place of Josiah Hook, deceased. The mail was carried from Bangor to Houlton by James Lander, on the 31st. of May; after that it left Ban- gor for that town on every succeeding fourth, and Houl- ton on every succeeding third Thursday following. Edward Kent was admitted at the June term cf the Supreme Court, as an attorney of that court. On June 9th sixty-four vessels were lying in the harbor. On the nth Mr. Fifield picked cucumbers from his vines measuring from five to six and one-half inches in length, raised in the open air in this town. They were said to be the earUest then ever raised in the county. Mr. Chick had green peas pretty well filled on his table the 19th of June, and in a day or two after treated a party to turtle soup, green peas, etc.! A party of about fifty Penobscot Indians encamped on an island in the North River, New York, between Water- (>2.^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ford and Lansingburg, this season. They went by the way of the River St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and the Northern Canal in their canoes. They might have been a portion of the tribe that seceded the first of the cen- tury, on the election of a Governor, and went to Canada. They attracted much attention by their expert manage- ment of their canoes. The annuity this year was paid by the State to about three hundred and seventy Indians, which was not far from the number in the tribe at home. A newspaper was established in this year in Castine, called the American. There was a great deal of feeling in Maine at this time relative to the "Boston survey" of lumber. The justice of their complaint was acknowledged in Boston, but it was alleged that the difficulty grew out of a want of definiteness in the law. This, however, was not the whole reason of the complaint. Gross frauds were alleged on the part of the purchaser and surveyor, who, instead of making reasonable allowance for a rot that damaged two feet of a board measuring forty feet, condemned the whole board as refuse, and in this way obtained much good lumber for nothing — refuse being half the price of merchantable. Then, what was really refuse they called mill-refuse, which they jfaked at one-fourth the price of merchantable. Then, if boards sold at a high price in Boston, the refuse and mill-refuse made the greater por- tion of the cargo. There was no principle, except the interest of the purchaser, that governed the surveyor. The matter was a constant theme of conversation among the lumber-dealers of Bangor. A writer in the Boston Patriot said that the Boston survey was a pro- verbial expression of reproach in Maine, and that many of the good people of the State " actually believed that there was a secret, nefarious understanding between the surveyors and buyers by which in some way great benefit accrued to them — in other, words, that the surveyors were bribed; that the present method of survey was cal- culated to deceive in regard to the quality of the lumber; that the superior goodness of the lumber from the neigh- borhood of Penobscot and Passamaquoddy is admitted by all, and often a subject of conversation. The writer then asks what the decision of the public would be, if they were to judge by the survey, when they were in- formed that three-fourths of this excellent lumber is pro- nounced refuse. When delivered in Boston the lumber is assorted and divided into qualities designated by them as "clear, merchantable, refuse, and mill refuse" [scoots]. Then to show the difference betwixt the Maine and the Boston surveys, he gives the contents of a cargo surveyed in Calais and shipped to Boston and there surveyed. By Maine survey it contained 68,026 feet of clear boards ; 8,057 feet of refuse boards; 13,760 feet of merchantable; total, 89,843. By the Boston survey: 8,527 feet of clear; 50,507 feet of merchantable; 28,021 feet of ref- use; 1,230 feet of mill-refuse; total, 88,285. The difference these surveys made against the seller and in favor of the purchaser may be determined by the sales of a cargo: 52 feet of clear boards, at $26 per M; 2,334 feet of merchantable, at $21 per M; 21,532 feet of refuse, at $10.50 per M; 9,550 feet mill-refuse, at $5.25 per M. The logs from which these boards were made cost ' $7.50 per thousand feet, and netted to the shipper less than $7.25. Of course the cost of sawmg, rafting, and removing was lost. The people of Maine submitted to this until forbear- ance ceased to be a virtue, when they sought other markets, and Boston began to experience the conse- quences. On the 28th June considerable excitement grew out of the arrest of one George Needham, on a charge of rob- bing the mail. He was carried before William D. Wil- liamson, Esq. The case was continued a week, and he was ordered to recognize for his appearance in the sura of $500. As he could not obtain bail, he was ordered to be committed to gaol. On his way to the gaol he obtained leave from the officer to change his apparel at his lodgings. After this, when near the gaol, he drew a dirk and pistol froin under his coat, and pointing them at the officer (Simon B. Harriman) and his assistant, started and ran up Hammond street. Simon was dumb- founded for an instant, and, being somewhat heavy, it was difficult for him to run; he therefore, as soon as he recovered himself, secured a big boulder and flung it to- ward the retreating malefactor, who, fortunately, was a long way beyond its reach, or it would have smashed his skull or his bones, if it had hit either. Needham's legs were good, and he nearly reached the wood southerly of the seminary buildings before he was overtaken. When he felt a strong hand upon his shoulder he drew his dirk and stabbed a student who had seized him, inflicting a slight wound. But he was again a prisoner, and lodged that night in the gaol. On the next day he was taken before Justice Jonathan P. Rogers, on one charge of re- sisting the officer and on another for a murderous assault on Mr. Gushing. On the first charge he was ordered to recognize in $200, and on the last $500. Being no more able to procure bail for these sums than he had been for the first, Mr. Simon B. Harriman had the felicity of wit- nessing this genteel criminal incarcerated, as he supposed for some time. But Mr. Needham was a man of resources. He took advantage of the absence of Deacon Clark, the gaoler, and his family at meeting on the next Sunday, to wheedle the servant girl into the belief that he was in love with her, and induced her to get his clothing (which she did, with some apparel for herself belonging to a member of the family), and to release him and one Flanders — an- other prisoner — from prison and go with them. Their absence was discovered within twenty minutes, but not themselves. They had escaped to the wood. Handbills were issued, and $130 reward was offered for their ap- prehension. On the next day a girl called at a house in Hampden, near the Sowadabscook bridge, to procure some milk for some children on board a vessel, as she said ; but she was observed, on leaving the house, to go in the direction of the wood. This excited suspicion that she might be the girl referred to in ' the advertisement, and eight or ten HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 637 men placed themselves in different localities to watch. At about 10 o'clock at night a man and girl were seen crossing the bridge answering to the description of Need- ham and the girl, and they were arrested by Major Jona. Haskins and others, and recommitted to the gaol. Needham was afterward tried in the Supreme Court, and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment in the Stale Prison at Thomaston. In October he was indicted in the United States Court, at Wiscasset, for robbing the mail. There was no great display in the celebration of the Fourth of July this year. The religious portiori of the community listened to an excellent address in the meeting- house by Rev. George E. Adams, and several anthems, and a prayer by Professor Smith, of the Theological Seminary. The artillery company fired the several salutes, dined at AndreAV Hasey's inn, and in the afternoon amused themselves with firing at a target. From 12 (midnight) until the artillery saluted the ris- ing sun, there was neither sleep nor slumber for the eye- lids, for the noises of every description made by the boys. It was a time of universal racket. In the evenmg a meeting was held in the Court-house to devise means for the "suppression of mtemperance." The Register thought that, considering " the place, the day, and the hour, the meeting might be called 'taking the bull by the horns.'" The agitation of this subject was becoming greater than ever before. The ruinous effects of the use of alco- holic liquors were everywhere discussed in New England; and pledges to abstain from it were circulated, and gen- erally signed by the best men in the community. The temperance men, meetings, and pledges were sneered at by the lovers of strong drink, but the reformers perse- vered and increased in numbers and power. The "Independent Volunteers" celebrated their fourth anniversary on the 4th of July. An address was deliv- ered by Charles Oilman at the Court-house "worthy of this occasion," after which the company marched to the Franklin House, "which was handsomely decorated, and partook of a sumptuous dinner provided for the occasion by Mr. Benjamin Garland." Several gentlemen opened the political campaign in Dover this year on the 23d of July, and nominated Wil- liam Allen, Jr., of Norridgewock, for Representative to Congress, and Thomas Davee, of Dover, for Senator to 'the Legislature. This was followed on the 6th of August by a meeting at the Frank.in House of gentlemen friendly to the Ad- ministration. It was then resolved to call a convention of delegates from Penobscot and Somerset counties, to be held at Garland on the i6th of August to nominate candidates for the several ofifices. The "Democratic Republicans" in Penobscot and Somerset counties were prompt in their movements. Their Penobscot County Committee was composed of Joseph Kelsey, Jona. Knowles, William R. Lowney, Isaac Jacobs, Alderi Nickerson, Joshua Carpenter, Reu- ben Banlett, James S. Holmes, and Gorham Parks. Democratic Republicans from all parts of the county had assembled at Bangor on June 12, and resolved to patronize the Eastern Republican, as the paper solely devoted to the interests of the Republican party ; a journal edited by Nathaniel Haynes, "a. gentleman alike distinguished for his talents and for the soundness of his political principles," as a means of uniting the party, in which there had been long wanting a concert of action. At that meeting the above committee was appointed. The committee at once issued a circular to obtain subscribers for the Republican. Mr. Kelsey, as chair- man of the district and county committees, issued calls for district and county conventions, to nominate a can- didate for Representative to Congress and a candidate for State Senator, to be held at Dexter on August 20. The agitation of the subject of the survey of lumber became so serious that several meetings were held at Lumbert's tavern in August to consider the system then existing. The Eastern Republican began soon after the meeting for its benefit to give evidence of prosperity, and very much disturbed the.managers of the Register, who no- ticed it in the following undignified manner: The "Gemini" has nt length (we will not sny by what means) at- tained to its '^ super-royal sheet — new founto/small pica, iron press, and new Blockhead. Elated with the acquisition, the editor in his last number struts and gobbles with all the grace and dignity of a turkey- cock. Major-General Hodsdon gave notice that the several regiments in his Division (Third) of Militia would be re- viewed on several days in the month of September, and that it was the intention of the Commander-in-chief to be present during six of the days. After giving various directions to the officers in regard to their respective duties, and to Major Watson, of the Corps of Artillery, to cause a salute of thirteen guns to be fired from "the ordnance of the highest calibre" on the arrival of the Commander-in-chief in the villages of Belfast and Bangor, and on his approach to the parade grounds, the Major-General concludes in this characteristic manner: The Major-General deems it unadvisable»to call the attention of the troops to the performance of any particular evolutions, presuming rather that they are too well acquainted with their respective duties to require it; but will, at the time, direct in person the performance of such manoeuvres and evolutions as the discipline of the troops and other circumstances may require. The Major-General was an exceedingly enthusiastic chieftain and a martinet, and did not hesitate at re- views, if he saw any defect or want of promptness in the manoeuvres, to take the comtnand from the Colonelfor the time, and give the orders himself, much to the disgust of that officer. On the 1 6th of August the friends of the Administra- tion, in convention at Garland, nominated Samuel But- man, of Dixraont, as their candidate for Representative to Congress, and Solomon Parsons, of Sebec, as candi- date for Senator. The Opposition convention on the 20th, at Dexter, nominated Major-General Isaac Hodsdon as their candi- date for Representative to Congress, and Daniel Wilkins, of Charleston, as candidate for Senator. Andrew Jackson was now coming into favor with the politicians who called themselves Democratic Republic- 638 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ans, and the Register, in order to prevent the editor of the Eastern RepubUcan coming into favor with the peo- ple, accused him of hating Adams, and with not daring to avow it. In the course of the administration of President Madison, disintegration commenced in the two political parties then existing — the Federal and Republican — in consequence of questions which arose in the War of 181 2. Mr. Monroe, a Republican, was elected in 1816, with great unanimity, and in 1820 was re-elected with hardly any opposition. Every Electoral vote was given him, except Governor Pluman's, in New Hampshire. During his last term — the "era of good feeding" — the parties from various causes became demoralized, and when a new candidate was to be nominated in 1823, old partisans of the Federal school affiliated with partisans of the Republican school, in the support of either Adams, Calhoun, Clay, Crawford, or Jackson. There was no choice by the people, and John Quincy Adams was elected by the House of Representatives. During the administration of Mj-. Adams party prin- ciple generally had less to do with the elections than the personal merits, popularity, or successful manoeuvering of the candidates, as has been seen during the pitiful crimination^ and recrimination in several campaigns in the Penobscot Congressional District. But, fortunately, this state of things was not to continue forever. The elements — Federal and Republican — that had been op- posed to Mr. Adams openly and secretly, were combin- ing for the purpose of effecting a strong organization to operate against him in the next election and to nomi- nate candidates as party candidates. When the organi- ation came into existence it adopted the name of " Dem- ocratic Republican," in contradistinction to that of "Na- tional Republican," which was adopted by the supporters of Mr. Adsms. The Eastern Republican was the offspring of the movement in this District, as has been before stated. There was much ajiixiety among the friends of Mr. Adams diat the State delegation in Congress should be op- posed to him. The nominee of the Democratic Republi- cans had always been opposed to Mr. Adams, and al- though yet they were quiet in regard to their preference as a party, there was not much doubt that secretly they were unfriendly to his re-election, and, if they should succeed in electing General Hodsdon, they would declare at once for Jackson. At a town meeting on the 27th of August, it was voted to purchase the Samuel E. Dutton farm for the the purpose of establishing an alms-house. It was pur- chased and converted into the Poor Farm. The people of Bangor were grieved to learn that a party of Indians, who had encamped on the banks of the Androscoggin, not far from the village of Brunswick, were atta'cked by a gang of villains on August 18, who burned their camps, clothing, etc., and nearly frightened them to death by their yells and outrageous conduct. The citizens of Brunswick, however, were prompt to clear themselves of the suspicion of countenancing and outrage, by calling a public meeting and appointing Benjamin Orr, Jeremiah O'Brien, John McKeen, Ethan Earie, Ebenezer Everett, Robert Eastman, and Charles Packard, a committee to ascertain from the Indians the amount of their loss and to spare no means to detect and bring to justice the perpetrators of the disgraceful act. The discussion of the merits of the several candidates was very much more unobjectionable during the present canvass, since the organization of the two parties than before, as in all cases a warfare js less bitter between open enemies than, it is between ostensible friends. The meeting for the choice of Governor, Representa- tive to Congress, and other officers, was held on Septem- ber 10. The votes cast in Bangor for Governor were: for Enoch Lincoln 90 ; scattering 4. For Representa- tive: Samuel Butman no, Isaac Hodsdon 43; for Senator, Solomon Parsons 138, Daniel Wilkins 36, scattering 10. For Representative to the Legislature, Jo- seph Treat 95, Gorham Parks 39, James Tilton 33, Bennock 3. Mr. Lincoln was re-elected Governor, Mr. Butman was elected to Congress, and Mr. Parsons Senator. Mr. Butman received 1,926 votes. General Hodsdon, 1,427. On the 8th of September Mrs. Mary Howard died. She came to Bangor with her husband, Thomas Howard, in 1772, within three years after the first settlement of the town. She had lived with her husband sixty-two years. From the time she came to Bangor her family had lived upon the lot upon which she and her husband first settled (16, Holland's survey), and there her daugh- ter Mary, the fiist white child in Bangor, was born. She was an energetic and intelligent woman, and a worthy member of the Methodist church. Her age was eighty- one. A company of light infantry in Brewer, called the Washington Guards, first made its public appearance on September 19, under the command of Captain Jonathan Burr. A standard was presented to it at the house of Deodat Brastow, from the ladies, by Miss Mary Ann Burr, with a patriotic address. Ensign Watson Holbrook received it and assured the ladies that "this consecrated symbol of Columbia's pride should never be insulted with impunity; and the breeze on which it floated should re- sound either with our dying groans or shouts of tri- umph." After the close of the ceremonies the ladies and com- pany sat down "to an excellent dinner provided by Mr. David Doane." The circus made its appearance again this month at Mr. Hutchins's hotel, and entertained the lovers of such things with a grand display by six beautiful horses, ground and lofty tumbling, Shetland pony, hunted tailor, etc. Hops were first raised in the county this year, and be- came an article of export. Mr. David Damon, of Stet- son, raised upwards of four thousand pounds, which he brought into Bangor in bales. In October Madame Anna Royal, a somewhat noto- rious character, whose occupation was to show herself and write people up and down, visited Bangor. She kept a "black book" in which she had the autographs of many HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 639 famous persons of the time, and recorded the names of such others as she became acquainted with, favorably or unfavorably, as the notion seized her. With the editors she chose to be on good terms, and was very complaisant towards them ; but the missionaries were too honest to flatter her, therefore were not favorites. Her opinion of Bangor was not in the main favorable, and perhaps the town was not strikmgly benefited by her visit. At this time there was much excitement in regard to the arrest of Mr. Baker, at Madawaska, by Mr. Miller, High Sheriff of the county of York, New BrunsR'ick, and his imprisonment in Fredericton gaol, on the charges "of having stopped the British mail, resisting a British peace-officer in the discharge of his duty, and for excit- ing and stirring up a spirit of sedition, insurrection, and revolt amongst the people." The American account of the affair was that Baker had a deed of his land from Messrs. Coffin 8z. Irish, Land Agents of Massachusetts and Maine ; that the Provincial mail-carrier proceeding over his land, was forbidden by Baker to pass over it in future, as he was holding his land under American title. He then caused the Amer- ican flag to be raised. This was deemed an insult by the Provincial Govern- ment, and they sent the High Sheriff, with deputies, militia officers, and others, numbering forty all told, in fifteen canoes. Baker made no resistance, and was in- carcerated as before stated. The Provincials had exercised other jurisdiction over the Aroostook country, such as summoning the American settlers on the Madawaska to answer for trespass on the Crown lands, seizing the cow of a debtor on the Aroos- took River, forty miles within the American line, and in other ways. Mr. Baker was afterward sentenced to imprisonment for six months, and to pay a fine of $750 for obstructing the passage of the mail. The proceedings of the Provincial authorities had be- come so offensive that loyal Americans who could get away, were leaving. Mr. Dalton, an Aroostook settler, was not willing to live where such a state of things ex- isted, and sacrificed his house, thirty acres of cleared land, the products of the season,^: 50 bushels of wheat, 200 of potatoes, 75 of corn, — barn and farming utensils, worth $700, for $184.38, and left for the West. On reaching Bangor he stated that "the inhabitants were in constant fear, and dared not sleep in their houses." The counties of Hertford, Devon, and Cornwallis, in Lower Canada, at separate meetings, passed resolves that that part of the country was surcharged with inhabitants; that there was an extent of land containing a superficies of about fifteen leagues, on the waters of the St. John, fit for the formation of "a new establishment" upon, and offering an "opening for the superabundant population of the ancient establishments." But that their "neighbors of the United States could not see without coveting the fine plains of this part of North America, that the meas- ures for the establishment of this part of the province are unhappily arrested by the pretensions of the Government ot the United States to the lands from the sources of the St. John to from two to twelve leagues from the banks of the St. Lawrence, and that it is for the greatest interest of Lower Canada generally, that the just rights of His Majesty upon this extensive country be properly recog- nized and established." The Quebec Gazette said that the future importance of Lower Canada depended en- tirely upon the decision of this question — "that it would no longer be anything if they took from it fifteen hundred leagues of its territory in one of its most fertile parts." On October 13 William V. Cram gave notice of a meeting of subscribers for the erection of a Methodist meeting-house "at the Old School-house" on the east side of the Kenduskeag, on the 25th. On the 22d of October the Commander-in-chief issued an order by Samuel Cony, Adjutant-General, in which he announced that he had inspected and reviewed fourteen regiments in the counties of Waldo, Hancock, Penob- scot, Somerset, and Oxford, and that he was "enabled to speak ot their appearance as proof that Maine was not disposed to abandon or neglect an institution by means of which the Independence of this country was achieved." The watchword is, "Militia of Maine, march forward." A meeting to consider the matter of building a Uni- tarian meeting-house was held on October 25. On November 3 Ur. Elisha Skinner died in Brewer, at the age of seventy-three. He came to Brewer (then a part of Orrington) in 1787, from Mansfield, Massachu- setts. He entered the army in the early part of the Revolution as surgeon's mate, and was shortly promoted to the office of surgeon, which he held until the war closed. His service was in the Southern army. He was . a good and faithful surgeon in the army, and a successful physician in private life. When he died he was deacon of the Congregational church in Brewer, and was for many years Master in the Rising Virtue Lodge of Free Masons. Samuel Veazie and seven others published a petition to the Legislature for incorporation as the Orono Canal Company, to make a canal on the westerly side of the Penobscot at the falls and rapids at Indian Oldtown; and Thomas Bartlett and others published a petition for a road on the westerly side of the river from Oldtown to Howland, which they declared was "loudly called for." Charles S. Daveis, of Portland, was appointed by the Executive to inquire into the nature and extent of the difficulties on the frontier and to act in behalf of the State. Governor Lincoln issued his proclamation on the 9th of November, referring to the arrest of Baker and other infringements on the fights of Maine by a foreign power, and exhorted to forbearance and peace, so that the preparations for preventing the removal of our land- marks might not be embarrassed by any unauthorized acts. The Northeastern boundary question attracted much attention at this tmie, and several papers were published over the signature of "A Citizen -of Portland," in the Portland Advertiser; of "Cato," in the Ellsworth Courier, and "Terminus," in the Bangor Register, setting forth the American argument very ably and clearly. 640 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. There was fear at this time that the questions of the boundary, fisheries, and the colonial trade would lead to war between England and America. . The two nations had long been rivals in commerce and were begmning to be so in manufactures. Great Britain could not bear a rival. It was a proud and supercilious nation. The English people loved war. According to Sir John Frois- sart, at the time of the attempted treaty at Amiens in 1 39 1, they were "fonder of war than of peace," and they had not as yet given much evidence that Christianity had produced a change in them for the better. The submission of the boundary question to an arbi- ter was under consideration, it is true, but it was rather too much to expect that England would submit to a de- cision that was not favorable to that nation. Isaac R. Park, the sign painter and author of the famous transparencies that figured on the occasion of the celebration of John Quincy Adams's inauguration; Mr. Jacob Chick's Fourth of July, and at other times, accord- ing to his own account, came near being lost to Bangor and the world about this time. He engaged a man "at an extra price" to convey him safely across the river at Oldtown, and therefore sat still, and did not deem it necessary to take thought for his safety until he found himself near going over the falls "from this world into eternity on Tuesday, 20th November." His navigator deserted the batteau, leaving him no means to get on shore; so he was saved by accident. In his opinion that man was "only fit for a journeyman for old Charon, who ferries across the river Styx." He tendered his thanks to the gentlemen for saving him "from going to the world of spirits before he got ready," "not being able to dis- tinguish or call all of them by name, in consequence of being thinly clad at the time." The Stillwater bridge, in Orono, was completed as a toll bridge and offered for lease. Mr. Thomas Howard, the death of whose wife oc- curred in September, died in December. He had been a soldier in Wolfe's army, and was at the taking of Que- bec. He came to Bangor in 1772, and occupied one lot (No. 16) to the time of his death. He lived an exem- plary life, and was a good citizen. He was a member of the Methodist church for thirty years before his decease, which occurred when he was eighty-six years of age. The New Brunswick Royal Gazette claimed that the actual possession of the disputed territory northward of the highlands, commencing at Mars Hill, "and of course all the lands on the Restook, as we call the river, or Aroostook," as the Americans call it, had always been in Great Britain. The St. John British Colonist said: " It is certainly revolting to the feelings of Englishmen to witness the provoking and insulting language of such an infant na- tion towards the greatest power on the terrestrial globe. She who has had almost every other nation with the Americans united in colleague against her, and has com- bated and subdued them without assistance, is now to be insulted by one of the most infant governments on the earth; by a nation whose greatest trait is chicanery and duplicity I" On December 22d the "Clarion," a small four-page weekly literary paper, edited by Charles Gilman, was issued from the Register office. The supercilious and arrogant tone of the British press led to the discussion, in Maine, of a military road from Bangor to Houlton. The latter place was about 140 miles from any shire town. In from thirty to forty miles of the distance there was no road, or scarcely a track; and the traveler was obliged in passing to camp over night in the woods. The mail was received there but onc(? a month. It was conveyed a part of the way by land and a part by water — the mail-carrier's back being the vehicle for much of the distance. The number of inhabitants south of Mars Hill was nearly 1,500 ; and in Madawaska about 3,000. With a good road and the boundary question settled, it was predicted that the population would double in six years. The subject of the arrest of Baker was discussed by Mr. Clay, Secretary of State, and Mr. Charles R. Vaughn, the British Minister. The latter said that it was evident that the offensive conduct of Baker "was not confined to stopping the mail, but that he had hoisted the flag of the United States in defiance of British claims, and had sought to engage a party in an ancient British settlement to transfer the possession to the United States," and produced depositions from Frenchmen, that a paper was circulated in a Madawaska settlement for signatures, by which the signers bound themselves to re- sist British authority. The Minister urged that too much vigilance could not be exerted by the different Gov- ernments to remove misapprehension and control pas- sion among the settlers. The brig Bold Jack, of Bangor, was wrecked on a voy- age to the West Indies. She was discovered, about No- vember 24, drifting among the rocks off the Bermudas, and appeared to have been dismantled and drifting about the ocean, full of water, for some months. She had an assorted cargo. The business men who established themselves or formed new connections in Bangor in the year 1827 were Nathaniel Haynes, Ira Chamberlain (tailor), James Tol- man, Edward Kent and Jonathan P. Rogers, became a business firm as lawyers, George Perry, William Cutter, Theodore S. Dodd, Joseph N. Downe and Bartlett Willis (wheelwrights), Philip H. and John E. Hesseltine, Charles Reynolds, Ammi West, Shadrack Roberts and George Hervey (tailors), Charles Buck, John Hoyt and O.N. Brad- ford, Erastus and J. M. Learned, Joseph Leavitt, Jr., Wil- lis Patten, Samuel Fellows (blacksmith), Haren Mitchell, William W. Emerson, Horatio P. Blood, Peleg Chandler and Gorham Parks (law firm), James H. Mills, Henry A. Head (bought out Elmore Parker), Mighill H. Blood, Dr. Cary, Isaac W. Patten and Charles Lowell (company), Joseph C. Stevens (boots and shoes), George W. Picker- ing, formed company with George A. Thatcher (Pickering & Thatcher), A. A. Dillingham (baker, bought out David J. Bent), Mark L. Hill, formed company with John C. Dexter (Hill & Dexter), Romulus Haskins & Company, French, Quimby, and Benjamin Weed (French, Weed & Co.), Preston Jones (cabinet-maker), Henry Nolen. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 641 CHAPTER XXI. Reception of Maine Agents in New Brunswick — Only Mail West — Sal- mon in January — Paid by Sympathy — Boundary Claim — Death of Oliver Leonard — Misapprehension relative to Northeast Boundary - Rev. S. Baker's School — Good Fruit— Timber Lands Advertised — Postages — Boundary Committee appointed — Town Meeting — Alms- house — 3y-laws — Town Pumps— Appomtments by Governor — Acad- emy Discontinued — Mr. Quimby's School — First Baptist Meeting- house—Mechanics' Association — Penobscot Boom — Stillwater Canal A Twenty-three pound Trout — Military Road — Troops ordered to Houlton — Oldtown Mail — Probite Notices — United States Officers Arrive — Trout Excitement — Bucksport Mail — Fire Wards — United States Troops arrive — Beef wanted for them — Newspapers in Maine — Supreme Judicial Court— Parris appointed Judge — Parties organized Butman and Emerson nominated for Congress — Sabbath — Chick takes the "Exchange" — More United States Troops — Political Ex- citement— Indian Church— Brewer's Estate sold — Theological Sem- inary Exhibition — Major T. Williams elected Brigadier-General — Annual State Election — Death of Simeon Gorton — Military trouble — Timber Land — Methodist Meeting-house completed— R. WoodhuU takes the Classical School— Mrs. Pike's death by quackery— Political Alarm and Enthusiasm^ ackson elected President — Butman elected Representative— Garrison's First Paper — Daniel . Wilkins appointed Sheriff— Literary Club — B. B. Thatcher and " Clarion " — "Merchant Row"— Elisha H. Allen opens a Law Office — Vote for President — Citizens' Watch — Liquor Dealers— River — Universalist Chapel at Hampden — Fire-Club. 1828. Mr. Da-vies, of Portland, who had been ap- pointed to visit New Brunswick in relation to the border difficulties, was hospitably but not ofificially received at Fredericton. The subject being national, it was for national agents to settle. Mr. Barrell, an agent of the United States, followed Mr. Davies, but the Governor of New Brunswick would not communicate with him in his official capacity. Both agents devoted themselves to ob- taining all the information upon the subject in their power. Mr. Barrell went to Madawaska for the purpose. The mail was now conveyed by coaches every day be- tween Bangor and Augusta, through Hampden, Frank- fort, Prospect, Swanville, Belfast, Belmont, Palermo, China, and Vassalboro, under the direction of Benjamin Gariand and J. B. Hanscomb. Mr. Timothy Colby, the notable fisherman, wljile fish- ing for frost fish in the Kenduskeag, on the 3d of Janu- ary, caught a fine, fat salmon weighing five and a quarter pounds. This was the only salmon, probably, ever caught in that way through the ice in that river. Mr. John Ham, an efficient fire ward, in the exercise of his duty at a fire, came in collision with some choleric individual, who put the law in motion against him; where- upon the Fire Club voted its disapprobation of the pros- ecution, and gave the persecuted brother the benefit of its sympathy. Oliver Leonard, Esq., died in Bangor, in January, at the age of sixty-five. There wa^ some misapprehension in regard to the claim of the American Government in the boundary dis- ' pute. George Van Ness, one of the Commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent, stated that the angle of the American lines was about 144 miles north from the source of the river St. Croix, 66 miles north of the river St. John, and 104 miles from Mars Hill ; while the Brit- ish commissioner, Mr. Vaughan, claimed it was 40 miles north of the source of the St. Croix river, and 38 miles south of the river St. John. On the 15th of January, the Republican members of the Legislature renominated Enoch Lincoln as candidate for Governor. Rev. Samuel Baker, an eccentric preacher, had estab- lished a school in Dexter, which occasioned considerable animadversion among the citizens, whereupon a town meeting was called and some votes were passed unfavor- able to the school. This naturally was npt agreeable to Mr. Baker, and he, as "Overseer," deerned it proper to state in the Bangor Register that the school was "greatly encouraged by re- inarks of all the virtuous;" that the "manneis and tem- pers of the scholars had been improved;" that both sexes, from four to twenty-two, had attended "with remarkable health and content;" that the scholars were taught, both by precept and example, to attend "meetings of all or- ders;" that the "donors of the school and officers" were of different orders, and the constitution prohibited sec- tarianism; that the numerous applications for admission proved the "loud call" for it; and that the pecuniary saving to each scholar was $63 per year. This statement of Mr. Baker was contradicted in some important particulars by Edward Jumper, John Bates, and Thomas R. Bicknell, the Selectmen. I'hey said that the town meeting was called to remonstrate against the granting a petition by the Legislature for the incorporation of the school; that the school was secta- rian; that Mr. Baker had denounced the preaching of a Baptist minister in town as false ; that scholars who at- tended that meeting were required to sign an acknowl- edgment that they had done wrong in attending it, or K) be expelled froin the school ; that Mr. Baker misrepre- sented ; that the school was taught by a female, who would have taught as well as other female teachers if not controlled by Mr. Baker ; that the meeting was well at- tended, and was almost unanimous in voting to remon- strate against the incorporation, as they were satisfied that sectarianism and many superstitious ideas, unprofitable to persons of any age, were taught and enforced in the school. Seba French, E. H. Burleigh, and other promi- nent citizens, signed the statement. Mr. Baker felt still further aggrieved by this public, demonstration against his school, and protested still that it was unsectarian, that he had required no written ac- knowledgment from scholars that they had done wrong because they attended a Baptist meeting, but that they had done wrong in leaving their own Methodist meeting, by which they had broken their "church covenant," and published certificates of members of the school in con- firmation of his statement. He thought this persecution grew out of jealousy, occasioned by "uncertain flying reports." As a proof that in the Penobscot as good fruit could be raised as in the " Western country," the Register stated that Mr. Elias Blake had left at the office a New York pippin apple, raised on his farm, twelve and one-half inches in circumference, four inches in diameter, weigh- ing thirteen and one-half ounces. The tree that bore it was presented to Mr. Blake by Mr. Brimmer, of Boston. The Theological Seminary gave notice that the Ac- 642 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ademical Department would be open in March for the admission of students preparing for college or the count- ing-room, under a competent instructor — a college graduate. Thirteen townships and half-townships of timber lands were advertised by Mr. Irish, Land Agent, to be sold by public auction in July. The amount of postage which accrued in 1827 in towns in Maine, that exceeded $590 in each, was as fol- lows: Augusta, $540.24; Bangor, $1,032.30; Bath, $1,172.89; Belfast, $592.28; Brunswick, $781.19; Cas- tine, $509.26; Eastport, $774.10; Gardiner, $729.97; Hallowell, $1,061.33; Portland, $4,630.37; Saco,$98o.4o; Thomaston, $626.62; Wiscasset, $563.36. The excitement upon the boundary question was in creasing. The Legislature referred it to a committee consisting of John L. Megquire, Ruel Williams, Joshua W. Hathaway, John G. Deane, Henry W. Fuller, William Vance, Joshua Carpenter, Rufus Burnham, which made an able report, stating the position ofthe question, referring to the encroachments of the British, the action of the Execu- tive approving it, and suggesting the duty devolving upon the General Government to protect our citizens and our State rights. The newspapers in the Provinces were supercilious and taunting, and those of Maine in- dignant. A messenger from Houlton arrived in Bangor in March with a petition from some of the inhabitants of that region to the Executive for protection against the usurpations of the Government of New Brunswick. Baker and six other Americans were indicted by the gr^nd juryjti New Brunswick, and arraigned for con- spiracy and seditious practices by hoisting the American colors in Madawaska, and refusing to pull them down when requested, and for opposing a British constable in the performance of his duty. He declined at first to answer whether he were guilty or not guilty — claimed that the alleged offenses, if committed, were committed within the State of Maine, of which he was a citizen, and that the court had no jurisdiction. The court insisted that he should plead. He then said if there was no al- ternative — he having no counsel — that he should say he was not guilty, protesting against the jurisdiction and asking for a continuance. This was granted, and he was released upon bail m ;^4oo. Eight Americans living at Madawaska and eleven living on the Aroostook River were indicted, and a posse com- itatus was sent up to take those to Fredericton gaol who were concerned in the affray about Arnold's cow. On hearing this several made their way through the wilder- ness to Houlton. The annual meeting for the choice of town officers was held on March loth. Amos Patten, James Crosby, and Daniel Pike were made Selectmen ; S. L. Pomroy, J. P. Dickinson, George Starrett, Edwin Kent, John Godfrey, Superintending School Committee ; Alexander Savage was elected Town Clerk; George Starrett, Treasurer ; Jacob McGaw, Town Agent; John Godfrey, Auditor of Accounts. The moneys raised were for town charges, $1,700; for highways, $4,000; for .schools, $1,600; $50 for putting stone posts at the corner of the streets. On the 24th March an adjourned meeting of the town was held, and William D. Williamson was chosen Mod- erator. The meeting was comparatively small. It refused to accept a report on the.subject of the alms-house, made in accordance with the wishes ofthe town at the first session. A reconsideration of the first vote was moved, and objected to on the ground that no notice was given that such a motion was contemplated ; that the meeting was not as full as when the vote was taken ; that the mo- tion was not made by one who voted with the majority when the vote was taken. The objections were all over- ruled by the Moderator, who, it was alleged by the Reg- ister, knew little of parliamentary rules, although he had presided over the Senate of Maine ! The Register loved to criticise its opponents, right or wrong. At this meeting John Godfrey, Samuel Call, and George Starrett were appointed a committee to draft a code of by-laws for the town. At this time there were two town pumps, one in the centre of West Market Square and one in the Mercan- tile Square near the head of Mercantile Block, on Broad street. There was much complaint that they were not kept in repair. There was no want of water, however, in West Market Square, for there was a little pond of water in the centre of it nearly all the summer through, and there was not enterprise enough in the Selectmen to get rid of it for many years. Among the appointments by the Governor this year- was that of Samuel Lowder, Jr., of Bangor, as Public Administrator ; Joshua Carpenter, of Howland, Agent on the Mattanawcook road. The Bangor Young Ladies' Academy was discontinued about this time, and Abel M. Quimby, sometime its pre- ceptor, opened a school for young ladies in the hall of the Franklin House, on the first Monday in May. On the 22d March James Tilton, Edward Sargent, and Jacob Garland gave notice of a meeting of the proprie- tors of the First Baptist meeting-house for the purchase Of land. John Williams gave notice that the Bangor Mechanic Association would organize on April 15th. There was much feeling at this time among the apprentices against the clerks in stores on account of their real or supposed assumption of superiority, and the older mechanics were determined to afford the apprentices such opportunities a's it was in their power to provide, to become at least the equals, if not the superiors, of the clerks in intelli- gence and cultivation. This was one of the ends for which the association was organized, and it accomplished much good. Rufus Dwinel gave notice that the Penoljscot boom had been put in repair and would be ready to receive logs as soon as they commenced running, at thirty-five cents per thousand feet. John Bennock, Daniel White, William Emerson, and Asa W. Babcock, gave notice of a meeting on the 21st of April, for the organization of the Stillwater Canal Corporation. Mr. Timothy Colby and Mr. Albert Chick made them- selves temporarily famous by brmging to Bangor several HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 643 trout which they caught in the Schoodic Lake, above Sebec, the largest of which weighed twenty-three pounds. Mr. Chick was so highly elated by his success that, with others, he made another trip to the lake and returned with thirty, the largest weighing twelve pounds. They were called "salmon trout," and described "as hard and rich, with a fine flavor, and having the appearance of the salmon, though the belly was more yellow, and the back and sides thoroughly interspersed with small, bright yel- lowish spots." The late events on the frontier, and the excitement occasioned thereby, had their effect in Washington. Congress appropriated a large sum for building a Military Road from Mattawamkeag, where the State road termi- nated, to Houlton, the nearest settlement to Mars Hill within the acknowledged limits of the United States of any importance. Government had also ordered four companies of in- fantry from different posts in the neighborhood of De- troit, Michigan, to be stationed at Houlton. The correspondence between the Governor of Maine and the Department of State of the United States, and other functionaries, in relation to the boundary, became quite voluminous. Messrs. Burley and Marshall now carried the United States mail by coach on Mondays, Thursdays, and Sat- urdays, between Bangor and Oldtown. Much complaint was made of the Judge of Probate because he required all the probate notices to be pub- lished in the Eastern Republican. This was attributed to his partisan feelings rather than to the convenience- it was to have all the notices in one paper. To do away with all occasion of complaint on this account, the Leg- islature provided by law that probate notices should be published in whatever newspapers parties having the con- trol of them desired. Many children were victims of a disease called the qutnzy, and children and others were attacked by croup, which was often fatal, at this period, and much alarm prevailed in the community on account of these diseases. On the 23d of April Major Clark and Lieutenant Rus- sell, of the United States Army, arrived in Bangor on their way to Houlton, to make arrangements for the ac- commodation of the troops which were to be stationed at that place. The success of Messrs. Colby and Chick in taking what they called salmon trout occasioned some excitement among the anglers of Boston, and they wrote to the Ban- gor Register for information in regard to the place where and the manner in which those enormous trout were ob- tained. They had made frequent visits to Sebago Lake, where the trout did not weigh over two pounds at the most, were covered with black spots, had neither fat nor flavor, and afforded more pleasure in taking than eating. The Register replied that the lake where the fish were taken was called Otter Lake on Hale's map, but not here. It was called Schoodic Lake, was situated partly in Brownville and partly in Township No. 4, Eighth Range, and that the otitlet disembogued into the Piscataquis at Kilmarnock (Medford), and was called Schoodic Stream; that Chick reported the distance from Bangor to the lake about forty-five miles ; that, not having success at the foot of the lake, his party went to the head, seven or eight miles ; that, after fishing about ten minutes, they caught a trout weighing nine and a half pounds, and be- tween 9 and 12 o'clock took twelve. After dinner they took three more. This was the 29th of March. On the 2d of April he was at the lake again, and in the day and night succeeding he and his companions caught twenty of the fish with about a dozen lines they let down through the ice. A mail stage now ran between Bangor and Bucksport three times a week. The Fire Wards, on the 15th of April, a])pointed Amos Patten to have the general direction of the engines at fires; John Ham and James B. Fiske, to have special charge of Engine No. i; Samuel Lowder and John Wil- liams, of Washington Engine ; Ezra Hutchins, to take charge of fire hooks and remove vessels; John Barker, Jacob McGaw, Wiggins Hill, Edward Sargent, to form lines for Washington Engine ; Edmund Dole, Abner Taylor, John M. Prince, Isaac Hodsdon, to form lines for Engine No. i ; George W. Brown, John Godfrey, George Savage, and George W. Pickering, to take charge of furniture and merchandise ; David Hill and John Ham, to take charge of ladders. On May 10 a company of United States troops, under Lieutenant Gallagher, arrived in the schooner Eddington, Captain Lowder, from New York, en route for Houlton. Messrs. Lander, Builey, and Saunders, on June 3, commenced carrying the United States mail to Houlton, under a contract to convey it once a week. Lieutenant B. F. Russell caused some excitement among the cattle growers by advertising for thirty thou- sand pounds of beef (on hoof), to be delivered at Houl- ton for the United States troops, by the ist day of No- vember, 1828. There were at this time published in Maine thirty- three papers — twenty-five political, six religious, two lite- rary, and one temperance. " The Register, Eastern Re- publican, and Clarion were published in Bangor. Of the religious papers, two were Calvinist Baptist, one Or- thodox Congregationalist, one Universalist, one Free-will Baptist. Mr. Chick's green peas did not appear upon his table this year until the 23d of June. At the June term of the Supreme Judicial Court, Thornton McGaw, James S. Holmes, and George Star- rett, were admitted as counsellors, and Jonathan P. Rogers Charles Stetson, Nathaniel Hatch, Wilham Good- enow, and George B. Moody, attorneys. Albion K. Parris was appointed by the Governor a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, vice William Pitt Preble, who had been appointed one of the Commission- ers of the Northeastern boundary. Daniel Rose was ap- pointed Land Agent, vice James Irish, resigned, and Joel Miller Warden of the State Prison, vice Daniel Rose; Joshua Chamberlain, of Brewer, an Agent of the Penob- scot Indians ; Alexander Savage, Register of Probate. The Fourth of July was celebrated by the Bangor Ar- 644 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. tillery, Captain John A. Mayhew. • An address was de- livered at the First Parish church by Mr. Richard Wood- hull. The political parties had now distinctly defined their position. The Administration party had renominated John Quincy Adams for President, and the opposition had adopted Andrew Jackson as their candidate. The Administration candidate for Representative to Congress from Penobscot was Samuel Butman ; for Sen- ator, Solomon Parsons. Opposition for Representative, William Emerson; for Senator, Daniel Emery, of Hamp- den. The subject of the "better observance of the Sabbath" was agitated at this period in the county, and Jacob Mc- Gaw, Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, James B. Fiske, S. L. Pomroy, John Ham, Eliashib Adams, John Smith, James Crosby, John Pearson, Abner Taylor, and Caleb C. Billings, notified a meeting on the 6th of August to consider the subject. July 2 1 Jacob Chick gave notice that the Penobscot Ex- change Coffee House was open for the accommodation of the public, under his charge; that it contamed about seventy rooms, comprismg halls, parlors, club-rooms, etc., and was furnished in a manner equal, if not superior, to any other public house in Maine. Considerable interest was awakened in the town by the arrival, on the 28th, of three companies of United States troops, lately detached from the Second Regiment, at Green Bay, and on their way to Houlton. They were under the command of Captain Staniford. Lieutenants Morton and Bloodgood, and Surgeon Russell, were with them. They were pleasantly encamped on an open square between Penobscot, Somerset, and Park streets and Broad- way. At the request of many of the citizens they were paraded and performed various evolutions, and being accompanied by a fine band, afforded the people much entenainment. The military men of the town were highly pleased with the excellent appearance and perfect drill of the troops, and the lovers of music were delight- ed with the performances of -the band, which played an hour or two every evening while it was in town. The encampment had many visitors of both sexes, and officers, privates, and visitors were mutually pleased with each other. They remained from Tuesday until Satur- day, when they took up their line of march for Houlton. The political excitement increased, but, although there was much bitterness between the parties and their or- gans, yet there was not that indecent criticism of candi- dates that prevailed before the party lines were so clearly defined. The Register complained that the "Gemini," as it called the Eastern Republican, endeav- ored to excite the jealousies of the people of the country against the people of the town. Perhaps at this period commenced those jealousies which have to a greater or less extent been perpetuated by the reckless charges of politicians. In this month permits were sold at Oldtown, for the purpose of raising twelve hundred dollars to build a church for the Indians, to cut timber on the townships of the Penobscot tribe. On the 2 2d of August the real estate upon which John Brewer established himself near the Segeundedunk Stream nearly sixty years before, was sold at public auction by his executor, Allen Oilman. The annual exhibition of the Theological Seminary took place on the 6th of August. Rev. George E. Adams delivered his inaugural address as professor, which was highly complimented. Mr. Henry Nolen succeeded Mr. Chick in the Maine Coffee House. On August 20 Major John Williams was elected Brig- adier-General of the First Brigade, Third Division, in place of General Joseph Treat, honorably discharged. Mr. D. R. Newhall and several gentlemen and ladies from Boston, gave an exhibition of their abilities in a concert of sacred music at the First Parish church, on the evening of August 26. Mr. Zadock Davis, who was a meek man in appear- ance, was always bold and outspoken towards the de- linquent debtors of Davis & Weed. He addressed them no longer in poetry, but in such emphatic prose as this; "Their notes and accounts are about to pass into the hands of the subscriber, and from there into the hands of an attorney to collect forthwith." The annual meeting for the choice of Governor and other officers, was held on September 9th. Enoch Lin- coln received for Governor, 97 votes ; Solomon Parsons, for Senator, 141; Daniel Emery, 52; Edward Kent, for Representative to the Legislature, 131; Thomas A. Hill, 49; Charles Rice, for County Treasurer, 87; Samuel But- man, 129; William Emerson, 68. Mr. Lincoln was elected Governor; Mr. Parsons, Senator; Mr. Rice, Treasurer; Mr. Kent, Representative to the Legislature ; Mr. Butman, Representative to Con- gress. Mr. Simeon Gorton, who came from Connecticut and settled in Hampden in 1770, died in September, at the age of seventy-nine. Benjamin Orr, the emment lawyer of Brunswick, died at the age of fifty-five. Gehudi Ash- mun, former Professor of the Theological Seminary, and late Governor of Liberia, died in New Haven, Connecti- cut, and was buried with every mark of respect. The review of Colonel Rogers's Regiment of Militia took place on the 23d of September. The interest in the musters was waning. At Belfast there was mutinous conduct on the i6th, which occasioned a withdrawal of a part of the troops. There was an increasing feeling that these military gatherings were more injurious to the morals than they would be likely to be of benefit in case of any military contingency; then the tax upon the peo- ple was a matter worthy of consideration. Still they afforded relaxation to multitudes, whose occasions for amusement were few enough — but amusement was the last thing that was thought worthy of public recognition in a country where work was worshipped. It was to be many a year before the surplus means of Maine farmers and business men would authorize the expenditure of much time in recreation. The trouble at Belfast grew out of an old dispute, a year or more old, in relation to the correctness of a certain HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 64s maneuver which Major-General Hodsdon ordered the Colonel to cause to be performed. The order was given to the regiment, when preparing for inspection — "Break into open column of companies, to the left backward." The order was disapproved by the Major-General the year before, he insisting that the companies shoiild wheel to the right forward. On the Colonel's repeating the objectionable order this year, it was again disapproved; hence the mutinous manifestation. The Land Agent, Daniel Rose, gave notice that he should sell by auction Township No. 3, Range 4, Norris & McMillan's survey, at the minimum price of twenty cents per acre; No. 4, R. 5, Norris' survey, at a minimum of twenty-five cents per acre; No. 2, R. 9, minimum 25; No. 3, R. 14, minimum 25; Tract A, 2, in R 12; and 14, 25; and Tract X, R. 14, 25. Not more than a town of six miles square, nor less than a tract of a mile square,- would be struck off at one time. Terms one-fourth down; remainder in one, two and three years, and interest annually, secured by mortgage on the premises. John B. Hill, Webster Kelley, and Albert Bingham were admitted to practice as attorneys at the October term of the Court of Common Pleas. In September a frame meeting-house was completed near the foot of Union street, where Independent street connects with it, by the Methodist society. Mr. Richard WoodhuU opened the Classical School of the Theological Seminary on the i8th of September. Some excitement was occasioned by the death of Mrs. Nathaniel Pike, formerly of Waterford, said to be under ■ the treatment of a quack. It was said that she was a healthy and strong woman, that on Friday and Satur- day she complained of cold, which had increased on Sun- day, though she was able to make her bed and sit up a part of the time ; that she called in a "steam doctor," who administered four or five emetics in quick succession, which occasioned great distress and apparent derange- ment of the mind ; that on her friends expressing alarm, the "doctor" told them that these effects might have been expected, for the patient had taken opium at some time in her life, and his medicine was battling with the narcotic and would soon overcome it. Their apprehen- sions being quieted, the operations were continued, emetics were administered, the patient was subjected to a steaming process, cold water was dashed over her, cap- sicum was poured down her throat to keep up the inter- nal heat, until Monday night, when nature gave way, and she expired. Mr. Pike made a statement somewhat modifying the above account, that had gone abroad. The emetics were not administered in so objectionable a manner; the steaming was about fifteen minutes, and subject to the , will of the patient. Red pepper, " Composition," and "Nerve Powder" were often administered. The politicians were as much alarmed for the future of the country in the event of the success of their op- ponents this year as they have been at any time since. An enthusiastic Adams man, deprecating the election of General Jackson, urged his fellow-citizens to "remember that not only their liberties, but the fate of their posterity, of nations yet unborn depended, in some measure, upon the right of suffrage." En;husiastic Jackson men ex- pressed themselves in a similar manner, threw up their hats, and shouted "Hurrah for Jackson !" Partisans ac- cused their enemies of "using falsehood in all its phases of hardy assertion, brazen denial, and ingenious misrep- resentation." The electors of Bangor had a partiality for John Quincy Adams; but, notwithstanding, they gave 184 votes for General Simon Norvell and the other National Republican Electors, to 94 for Daniel Rose and the Dem- ocratic Electors; yet General Jackson was elected to the Presidency. Samuel Butman's majority for Representative to Con- gress at the September election was 2,045 o^^"^ William Emerson and others. About this time appeared the "Journal of the Times," edited by William Lloyd Garrison, and published at Ben- nington, Vermont. It favored the election of Mr. Adams, and was hailed as an "important auxiliary." Daniel Wilkins, of Charleston, was appointed Sheriff of Penobscot, in place of John Wilkins, who had re- signed. There was just complaint that the Supreme Court held a session on election day, thereby depriving jurors, suit- ors, and oihers, of their privilege of the franchise. This has since been provided against by law. The young men formed an association called the "Literary Club," and established a reading-room having the leading newspapers, reviews, and periodicals of the day. November 8, B. B. Thatcher connected himself with Charles Oilman in the editorship of "The Clarion," which was enlarged to a paper of eight pages. It was a rather interesting literary paper to the young people, but it did not get far into its second year before it finished its career. This month Vaughan & Robinson were doing a crockeryware business at No. 4, and Mrs. Ruth Ingra- ham a fashionable millinery business at No. 5, Merchants' Row. This was a row of two-story stores extending from West Market Place, on the south side of Main street. On November 18 Elisha Allen — since Chief Justice of the Sandwich Islands — opened a law office on the easter- ly side of Broad street, facing Mercantile Square. This day there was a violent snow-storm. The ground, however, was not frozen, the preceding part of the month having, been rainy. Mr. Richard Woodhull gave notice that he would de- liver the first of a course of lectures on astronomy "(gratis), before the Mechanic Association at the Court-house, in this village," on the evening of December 16. The lec- ture was delivered. The "matter and style of the lec- ture" were pronounced "perspicuous, the delivery and manner clear and intelligible," the apparatus "imperfect." A citizens' watch was organized and commenced its duties on December 15, which were to be continued until the ist of May. 646 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, The votes for President in some of the towns in the Penobscot District were as follow : Adams. Jackson. Atkinson. 38 17 Bangor 184 85 Bradford 6 26 Brownville 26 6 Brewer 5^ 32 Carmel 10 16 Charlestown 64 7i Corinth 31 5i Dexter 63 5° Dixmont "9 ^ Dover 27 S3 Dutton (Glenburn) 15 13 Eddington 23 28 Exeter 38 87 Guilford 25 65 Hampden 84 32 Rowland 10 54 Kilmarnock (Medford) 11 00 Kirkland (Hudson) 3 29 Levant (and Kenduskeag) 21 49 Milo 26 00 Newburg 22 42 Newport 11 63 Orono (and Oldtown) 107 44 Orrington 95 00 Plantation No. 4 (Bradley) 19 14 Plymouth iS 14 Sangerville 54 48 Sebec 38 33 Stetson 13 6 Sunkhaze (Milford) 23 3 Williamsburg 7 00 The vote of the State was for Adams, 20,807; for Jackson, 13,963; scattering, loi. Richard H. Bartlett and Amos M. Roberts gave notice of a copartnership and of their opening a store in Ban- gor for the sale of all kinds of goods. The style of the firm was Bartlett & Roberts. Among their stock was New England rum. Deacon George W. Brown adver- tised wines; Joseph C. Stevens and E. Learned adver- tised brandy and West Indies rum. Indeed, all the deal- ers at this time had no scruples- in regard to selling liquors openly. The river closed on the night of the i8th. The sloop Brutus brought a large quantity of freight from Hamp- den, and having landed it left on that day. A new Universalist chapel was dedicated at Hamp- den Lower Corner on December 25. The sermon was by Rev. F. Mace; the music was under the direction of Dr. John Abbott, who was assisted by Mr. John Hoyt, of Bangor, Rev. Joshua Hall, Methodist, made the concluding prayer. On December 30, the Bangor Fire Club, of which George Starrett, Esq., was Secretary, held its annual meeting at Hutchins's hotel (Hatch House) and partook of a supper. CHAPTER XXIL Mail Improvements — Joseph Carr & Son — A Croaker — Peleg Sprague and John Holmes United States Senators — Thomas A. Hill Chief Jus- tice Court of Sessions — John Godfrey County Attorney — Snow — Town Clock Agitation — "Final Happiness" Meeting — The Jackson Bells — Annual Meeting — Huntpon & Hunton — McLean Appointed Judge United States Court — Gaol Burnt — Death of Deacon Boyd Death of Joseph Leavitt — Town Authorized to Regulate the Harbor— Greenleaf's Map of Maine — New Gaol Contemplated^— Ice Left- Horse Ferry-boat — Shingles — General Trafton Postmaster — Chick Displaced — Fourth of July — Two Celebirations: — Party Bitterness- County Temperance Society — Joshua Carpenter Collector of Cas- tine — Sharp Gubernatorial Canvass^ — Unitarian Meeting House Dedi- cated — State Election — Hunton Governorr-7-Meteor— First Metho- dist Meeting House — Death of Governor Lincpln — Professor Adams Invited to Brunswick — Madame Royal's Introduction to President Jackson^Lyceum — Dr. 'Dickinson's Saddle-bags — Death of Jesse Smith — "Hook and Ladder" Company — Annual' Meeting of Fire Club. 1829. Mail communication between Bangor and the outer world continued to improve. By a new arrange- ment the mail after January ist was but little more than two days on its way from Boston to Bangor. It left the former place at 5 o'clock p. m. and arrived at the latter at 8 o'clock p. M. on the second day, stopping at Bruns- wick six or eight hours the first night. It is now sonje- thing less than a quarter of tha-t time on its way, and in a few years will probably be less than an eighth of it. "A Unitarian," who frequently attended public wor- ship with the Methodist Society, for " whose moral and religious character he' had a j^rofound reverence," was much disturbed on reading in theil: hymn-book a hypin headed "For the Mahometans," in which were these lines : Stretch out thy arm/ thou triune God; The Unitarian fiend expel, And chase his doctrine back to hell. "In charity to them " he believed that "very few of the'm are disposed to apply such language as the above to a doctrine which it is humbly believed is expressly commanded and enjoined by God himself, and taught by the prophets in the Old Testament, and confirmed by Christ and his Apostles in the New Testament," Peleg Sprague and John Holmes were elected by the Legislature to Congress, the latter for the unexpired term occasioned by the resignation of Albion K.^ Parris. On February 21st there was a fall of eighteen inches of snow, and the snow was five to six feet deep in the woods. Between that and March, 3d another, and the roads were completely blocked. This month the vote for President and Vice-President of the United States was proclaimed. For President: Andrew Jackson had 178, John Quincy Adams 83; John C. Calhoun had 171, Richard Rush 83, William Smith 7, for Vice-President. Maine cast one vote for Jackson and eight for Adams. The rest of New England went solid for Adams. The Slave States went solid for Jack- son, with the exception of Delaware and Maryland. Delaware went for Adams. Maryland five for Jackson and six for Adams. Georgia threw seven of its nine votes for Smith for Vice President. On March 2 a chapel of the Theological Seminary which stood at the corner of Hammond and Fifth streets (west side), was destroyed by fire. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 647 The town was agitated upon the subject of a town clock. An article was inserted in the warrant for the town meeting to see if the town would purchase one. The purchase was opposed for the reasons that the town wasin debt — had recently incurred heavy expenses, and must continue to be at great expense for other more necessary purposes; that the benefits would be partial; that it could not be located so as to give satisfaction to the citizens. On March 5 a meeting of such of the "inhabitants as believed in the final. happiness of all men " was held in "Crane's Hall." ' This hall was in the attic of a two- Story frame building that stood on the west side of Mer- cantile Square. The death of Mrs. Eleanor Madison, widow of Presi- dent Madison, at the age of ninety-three, at Montpeher, Virginia, on February 11, was announced. On March 4 the friends of General Jackson caused all the bells in town to be rung until about one o'clock. His- cabinet had been announced : Martin Van Buren, New York, Secretary of State; Samuel D. Ingham, Penn- sylvania, Treasury; John McLean, Ohio, Postmaster General; John H. Eaton, Tennessee, War; John Branch, North Carolina, Navy; John M. Berein, Georgia, At- torney-General. The Congregational meeting-house near the ferry, in Brewer, was dedicated March 12. At the annual town meeting on the 9th of March, Alexander Sawyer was elected Town Clerk; Amos Patten, James Tilton, William Rice, Selectmen; George Starrett, Treasurer and Collector. The Fire Wardens elected Daniel Pike Chief En- gineer; Eben French, Assistant; Colonel Zeb. Rogers, Warden of Engine No. i ("Old Settler"); General John Williams, of Washington Engine; Edmund Dole, of Hooks and Ladders, west side; John Ham, of same, east side; Edmund Sargent, for removal of merchandise and furniture. This month a large majority of the members of the Legislature nominated Hon. Jonathan G. Huntoon, of Readfield, as candidate for Governor. He accepted the nomination in a letter signed "J. G. Huntoon." At this time his name was .written Huntoon. He was afterward elected Governor as "Jonathan G. Hunton." President Jackson appointed John McLean Judge of the United States Supreme Court, and William T. Barry, of Kentucky, Postmaster-General in his place The hemlock gaol was partially burnt on the 26th. Females formed a line and passed water in buckets to extinguish the fire, while many of the lazy men wrapped in their cloaks were looking on like Spanish hidalgos. An appropriation of $42,932 was made last year for completing the MiUtary Road from Mattawamkeag to Mars Hill; $5,000 for a light-house on Mount Desert Rock; and $300 for surveying the ship channel of Penobscot River from White Head to Bangor, and ascer- taining the cost of improving the navigation and proper sites for spindles and buoys. Deacon William Boyd died on the 24th of March, aged eighty-four. He was born in Worcester, Massachu- setts, in 1745. At the age of twenty-four he settled in Bristol, Maine, where he resided about twenty years. He then removed to Bangor. This was about 1789. He was a religious man, and is said to have been the only church member in the place for nine or ten years. He led an exemplary life. He was a ship-carpenter, and built the first vessel in Bangor, and probably the first above Fort Point. This was for Major Robert Treat. He was appointed Deacon of the Congregational church or- ganized in Bangor and Orrington in 1800, over which Rev. Mr. Boyd was settled. When Rev. Mr. Loomis was settled, in 1811, he was continued a Deacon, and re- mained such until his death. He died sitting in his. chair. Joseph Leavitt, Esq., died on March 6, at the age of sixty-two. He was born in Stratham, New Hampshire. Before his majority, he went several voyages to sea. After attending Exeter Academy one year, he taught school seven years. He then went into trade in Lee, New Hampshire, where he remained fourteen years. In 1810 he removed to Bangor with his accumulations, which were considerable. He was quite enterprising ; built ves- sels, carried on trade in various kinds of merchandise, bought and sold lands, was engaged in banking as a Di- rector of the Bangor Bank, built a brick block a little way up Washington street on the right- — the block since converted into a store-house and offices by the European & North American Railway, and in the hall of which the Young Ladies' Academy was first kept. He was Town Clerk, Selectman, and member of the first conven- tion on the separation of the State in 1816, at Brunswick. He lost much in the war, and at his death his worldly possessions were small. The town was authorized by the Legislature this year to regulate the harbor. Moses Greenleaf published his Map and Statistical Survey of Maine. At its April session the Court of Sessions considered the subject of building a new gaol of rough granite. The ice left the river on April 15, vessels arrived, and the spring business opened favorably. A horse ferry-boat was built by Master George Sav- age for G. W. Brimmer, of Boston, and John C. Dexter, and put upon the route between Bangor and Brewer. Bangor dealers were obliged to sell their shingles in Boston at this time at $1 and $1.25 per thousand. General Mark Trafton was appointed postmaster, in place of Major Royal Clark, removed. Mr, C. M. Rogers became landlord of the Penobscot Exchange, in place of Jacob Chick, removed. A portion of the Democrats having in view the strengthening of their party, made a movement for a partisan celebration of the Fourth of July. This awak- ened the patriotic indignation of such sturdy Republic- ans as John Wilkins, Jacob McGaw, Benjamin Nourse, John Williams, Edward Kent, P. B. Mills, Samuel Lew- der, and others, and they organized with much enthusi- asm to have a citizens' no-party celebration. They de- sired to know if the managers supposed "that our citizens were so tame, so spiritless, so yielding, so slavish 648 HISTORY OF PENOBgCOT COUNTY, MAINE. as to submit in silence to such imposition— to be hood- winked, and hooked on as the mere tail of the Jackson kite?" The party feeling at this time was bitter. A Jackson caucus at Kennebunk instructed its delegates to an Au- gusta convention to " ascertain if any individual by the name of Jonathan G. Hunton is known to reside within the limits of the State ! " Another caucus in Elliott in- structed their delegates '' to inquire who this Jonathan G. Hunton is." The convention to which these delegates were sent nominated Judge Samuel E. Smith, of the Court of Common Pleas, as the Jackson candidate for Governor. There were women at this time who had the courage to lift up their voices in public. Miss Clarke advertised to give a course of ten historical lectures in the brick school-house on State street. The lectures were well attended and Miss Clarke received many encomiums. A caribou (reindeer) was exhibited at Hutchins's inn. 1829. This year Ruel Williams, George Evans, Timothy Boutelie, and others, were competitors for the office of Representative to Congress in the Kennebec district, and Joshua W. Hathaway, John G. Deane, Leonard Jarvis, Samuel Upton, and Jeremiah O'Brien, and others, in the Hancock district. There were 4,525 votes thrown in the former district and 4,520 in the latter, at the first balloting, when there was no choice. The stimulus given the citizens by the announcement of a partisan celebration by the " Jacksonites " was the occasion of an unusual celebration of the anniversary of Independence this year. " Edward Kent, Esquire," de- livered the oration at the First Parish meeting-house ; the prayer was made by Rev. John Smith, D. D., Profes- sor of the Theological Seminary ; " Rev. George E. Adams" read the Declaration of Independence, prefac- ing it, "in a very pertinent and happy manner, by a few eloquent remarks." The audience was "very numerous, respectable, and intelligent ; " the oration was pro- nounced "a chaste and eloquent production," and was listened to "with gratified attention." It breathed the sentiments of enlightened patriotism, unsullied by the bitterness of party spirit, and was worthy of the day. Mr. B. B. Thatcher prepared the following hymn' for the occasion, which was " sung with fine effect " by the choir : Oh ! not alone is sacred soil, Where temples have been built to God, And odors burned o'er fires divine, And blood of victims stained the sod. But holy is the air we breathe. And holy is the ground we tread ; For here, upon a thousand hills, Our fathers' life-blood hath been shed. On Freedom's proud, high battle-ground. For all we are and hope and have. They fought — and fell— and the world saw ! Their memories shall find no grave ; But ages hence, o'er the wide earth, Unnumbered millions of the free Shall wake, this day, their deathless fame, With praise and prayer, O God ! to Thee. Thy breath was fiame upon their souls, When the starr'd banner wav'd them on ! Grant us to feel the breath they felt, That we may prize the wealth they won. After the services the procession re-formed, and es- corted by a company of volunteer citizens under Captain Phili]3 H. Coombs, with Major WiUiam E. Robinson and Mr. Cyrus Arnold as marshals, marched to the Penobscot Exchange and partook of a rare dinner provided by C. M. Rogers. Jacob McGaw, Esq., presided at the feast. Sentiments were given by the President, Enoch Brown, John Wilkins, James Crosby, Eben French, Georpe B. Moody, Samuel Butman, Edward Kent, Samuel Call, Samuel Lowder, and John C. Dexter, Esquires, all prominent citizens of Bangor and neighborhood; by Edward Wilkins and Benjamin Butman, soldiers of the Revolution; by Gen- eral Joseph Treat, General John Blake, an4 Major W. E. Robinson; by Hon. Emery L. Emerson, Senator from York county, Hon. George W. Cofifin, Land Agent of Massachusetts, and by Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Boston. The only things pointed were in the sentiments of Mr. Call and Mr. Lowder. The former gave a fling at "modern reformation," meaning Jackson politics, and the latter a kick at the exclusives who celebrated the day in the interest of Jacksonism, his sentiment being: "The memory of our departed friends on the west side of the Kenduskeag." On this day a meeting of gentlemen from different parts of the county was held in the Court-house to make preparations for the formation of a county temperance society. Judge Moses Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, pre- sided, and Hon. R. K. Gushing, of Brewer, was Secre- tary. John Wilkins, Hiram Nourse, Edward Kent, George E. Adams, and Dr. Gushing were appointed a committee to draft a plan of organization. The "Jacksonites" celebrated the day in a manner satisfactory to themselves, having music from Piscata- quis. Their opponents were so well satisfied with hav- ing " taken the wind out of their sails " by the citizens' celebration, that they concluded to make no comments unfavorable to their exclusive neighbors. The Brewer Light Infantry, "after six years of turmoil and division" under Captain Abraham Hill, reconciled their differences by the election of Robert Clary Captain and Thomas Gregg Lieutenant. The County Temperance Society was organized on the 9th, and Hon. Judge Perham was elected President. Colonel Joshua Carpenter was appointed Collector of the Port of Castine. He was a clamorous supporter of General Jackson — not scrupulous in regard to the lan- guage he used in conversation, and well disposed to "mag- nify his office." The Register considered his appoint- ment " a subject too serious for raillery." James Lander & Company had a weekly accommoda- tion conveyance by stage and batteau to Houlton. It left Bangor on Tuesday morning and arrived at Houlton on Saturday. It left Houlton on Tuesday and arrived in Bangor on Friday. The subject of temperance was at this time so prom- inent before the community, that the keeping of spirit- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 649 uous liquors for sale was becoming unpopular, and Mr. Albert G. Chick, whose education had been in the other direction, advertised that he had opened an establish- ment where he intended to keep "refreshments of every kind, with the exception of spirituous liquors, which, by the way, are no refreshment, and will not be kept either the counter or under the counter." The interest in the Gubernatorial election became in- tense in August. The friends of the new administration scraped up everything they could find against Mr. Hunton. His personal enemies presented their side of the case against him. For so good-natured a man he was very much badgered, and his political friends had about as much as they could do to deny and explain the matters charged against him. It cannot be denied that the Eastern Republican, under Nathaniel Haynes, was bitter and relentless, and that much partisan hate was engendered by it that ought to have been avoided. The course of the administration press in the State, however, was exceedingly effective, and the agrarian element at length came uppermost under its influence. Their op- ponents made the best fight they could, but their weapons were not of a character to turn aside those of their ad- versaries. On the 1 2th of August the "National Republicans " of Penobscot held a convention at Bangor, and re-nomina- ted Solomon Parsons for Senator. They passed resolu- tions condemning the proscriptive course of the Admin- istration in removing "honest and faithful public ser- vants" to reward "party zealots," and adopted an address to the Electors, three columns in length, reported by George B. Moody, Esq., in which the politics of the country were reviewed from beginning to end, the cor- ruption and bad faith of Jackson and his "Republican" party denounced, and the virtue and purity of the "Na- tional Republican" party asserted. It was claimed for Mr. Parsons, by the Register, that he had served the people "faithfully and' honestly, and with credit . to himself, for two years;" that he had "grown upon the esteem" of the people, and that "those who had been acquainted with him as a legislator con- curred in the opinion that he stood high at the Senate board for intelligence, capacity for business, industry, honesty, and independence." Thomas Davee was nominated by the Republicans as their candidate for Senator. The Boston Statesman, leading Republican paper of New England, was pleased to designate his supporter, the Eastern Republican, "an able champion of the Democratic cause in the 'land of Egypt.'" During all this crimination and recrimination among the politicians, the disciples of Thalia offered their servi- ces to the amusement-loving public, and opened at Old- town, on August 19, a series of dramatic entertain- ments, which continued three evenings. Messrs. Belcour, Crouta, and Holden were so successful that they after- wards came to Bangor and erected a theater of rough boards upon the site now occupied by the Bangor House. Upon this spot the Great Bashaw became fa- mous, and Mr. Crouta won enduring laurels by singing the songs of "The King and Countrymen," "Sitting on a Rail;" "Down in Fly Market," etc. Theater-going people laughed, religious people frowned, and the poor actors left . town quite as poor as they came. Whether the acerbity of politics was modified by those perform- ances is uncertain. But it is certain that many a Bangor boy had his first introduction to the theater at this time. The Hunton men were indignant because the Jackson papers spelled their candidate's name Huntoon, after it was determined that the right orthography was tlunton. But the Jackson papers did not care. On August 29 Charles Thomas, Assistant Quartermas- ter United States Army, advertised for proposals to build the Military Road from Mattawamkeag to Houlton. On the 3d of September the Unitarian church was dedicated. The sermon was preached by Rev. Benjamin Huntoon, then of Carlton, Massachusetts. The house was a brick structure: and stood upon the site of the present meeting-house, but fronting on Main street. It had a plain, unpretentious tower on the roof, painted white, and a cupola. In the tower was a town clock. The gubernatorial election took place on September 14. Mr. Hunton received 196 votes in Bangor, Samuel E. Smith, 187; Solomon Parsons received 201 votes for Senator, Thomas Davee, 164; Edward Kent received 196 votes for Representative to the Legislature; Amos Patten, 161; scattering, 19. Thomas A, Hill, Amos Patten, and John Godfrey, a committee appointed by the Court of Sessions, advertised for proposals to build a stone jail, on September 9. Mame this year showed a strong inclination to support the Administration. Mr. Hunton was elected Governor, It is true, but his majority was small. Mr. Davee was elected Senator over Mr. Parsons in the Penobscot district, and there was no choice of Representative in the Bangor class at the first balloting, Mr. Kent having 298 votes, Mr. Patten 224, all others 80. At the second trial Mr. Kent received 488 votes to 304 for N. Nason, and 25 scattering. This was his second election to the Legisla- ture. The National Republicans were chagrined at the great progress of the Democratic Republicans, but they put on the best face they could, and said "on the whole, taking into view all the circumstances that belong to the occasion, the National Republicans have every reason to be well satisfied with the event of the election. A meteor of great brilliancy passed from the southeast to the northwest on the evening of September 17. It illuminated the whole atmosphere for several seconds with a dazzling light. When in its rnost brilliant state it exploded, and in about two minutes afterward eight or ten successive reports, as of the rapid discharges of artil- lery, were heard. The first Methodist meeting-house in Bangor was completed. It was situated at the intersection of Union and Independent streets, and fronted upon the Kendus- keag Stream. Rev. George E, Adams, Professor in the Theological Seminary in Bangor, was invited to become the pastor of the First Congregational society in Brunswick. 6so HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. On the 8th October Enoch Lincoln, Governor of Maine, died at the age of forty. He was a brother of Levi Lincoln, Governor of Massachusetts. He vpas unmarried. On October 14 the Universalist meeting-house m Dex- ter was dedicated. George Evans was elected to Congress from the Ken- nebec district. The Congregational meeting-house in Holden was dedicated November 18. Madam Anne Royal, the woman who annoyed our citizens by her impertinencies some time ago, received an introduction by Mr. Edward Everett to President Adams, that she probably did not forget. Mr. Everett was standing near the easterly end of the Long Bridge in Washington, when he was accosted by Mrs. Royal with a request to introduce her to the President. He said, "would you like to see him now?" On her replying that she would, he took her to the side of the bridge and directed her attention to him bathing in the Poto- mac! In the autumn an institution similar to others in dif- ferent parts of the country — a lyceum — was organized in Bangor, in which citizens could be profited by lectures, debates, etc. It was a popular society for the "diffusion of useful knowledge." The opening address was deliv- ered on the evening of November 17 by Professor George E. Adams, at the Court-house. Dr. Dickinson was disturbed by the larceny of his saddle-bags, containing medicine and surgical instru- ments, from his horse, which he had left ten or fifteen minutes before, at about eight o'clock in the evening, "tied at a door in one of our most public streets near the Exchange." It was considered a very singular rob- bery. Mr. Jesse Smith, a Revolutionary soldier, died at the age of seventy, on November 22. He had been long a resident in Bangor, and was the father of Colonel James Smith. The year 1829 closed with Bangor in an apparently prosperous condition. The Lyceum and Literary Club were well patronized, and the people through them man- ifested their interest in literary pursuits. The town was occasionally visited by fires, and the citizens were stimulated to procure the appliances nec- essary for extinguishing them and saving property en- dangered by them. "A hook and ladder" movement was inaugurated. On the 29th the Fire Club had its annual meeting and supper, and congratulated each other that things were "no worse." CHAPTER XXIII. Register on J ohn G. Whittier — Business Men^A Fire — "Long-Nine Association" —Sale of Pews in Unitarian Meeting-house— Bad Man- ners — "Eastern Pioneer" Newspaper — Soap Factory — Lottery Draw- ing — Strictures on Mr. Kent's Action in Regard to Argyle — First Parisli Meeting-house Burnt— Lieutenant-Governor Hunton's Appoint- ments — President Jacl57i-i2. Of the ten counties Penobscot was the seventh in wealth and population. Cumberland was first: polls, 9,970; valuation, $6,175,814.45. Rev. John Smith, D. D., Principal and Professor of Theology of the Bangor Theological Seminary, died April 7, at the age of sixty-five. He was highly esteemed for his dignity, learning, and good sense. By order of the Court of Sessions John Godfrey, Esq., County Attorney, was appointed to offer the old Court- house for sale, preparatory to building the new Court- house. The Six-mile Falls dam being out of repair, J. K. Lumbert applied to Edward Kent, Esq., to call a meet- ing of the owners to take measures for its repair. The classification of the Representative Districts by the Administration created much excitement among their opponents, who declared that it was unjustly made, and with a view only to the aggrandizement of the party. In order to insure a Representative of their own poUtical complexion, they were accused of making inconvenient districts. One in Penobscot, called the "Hammer Dis- trict," was the especial mark of their objurgation. It commenced on the northerly line of Bangor, embrac- ing six towns, then west about ten miles to include Wil- liamsburg, which made the Hammer. There was a great deal of criticism of this method of districting, but the Jacksonians laughed at the objections, so long as they had secured a Representative for a decade, at least, no matter how. The Kenduskeag bridge was rebuilt this year, under Ford Whitman, James Crosby, and John Ham, a com- mittee. A brick school-house, twenty-four by twenty-eight, ten feet walls, was built above Treat's Falls, beyond the hdl and turn in the road next above and on the westerly side of the road. Advardus Shaw took the Maine Coffee House this year on Water street, on the site occupied by the late Daniel House. The sloop Aurora, Captain Hutchinson, " having ex- cellent accommodations for passengers," plied between Bangor and Portland this season. A schooner called the Free Trade plied as a packet between Bangor and Boston. The anniversary of Independence was celebrated in the town by the Bangor Artillery, under Captain Samuel P. Dutton. Rev. Benjamin Huntoon was the orator and Edward Kent the reader of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. There were two sentiments drunk at the din- ner worthy of note. One (a regular) shows the feeling that existed in regard to the decision of the King of the Netherlands on the boundary question. "The State of Maine: Always inclined to peace — but she finds it hard to agree to the Dutchman's division, which finds a range of highlands in the bed of a river." The other was a volunteer, by George B. Moody, Esq.: "Patriotism has been jestingly said to be the want of an office. May our patriotism be love of country, and our politics her prosperity." Temperance societies continued to be organized through the county this year. At Dixraont one was formed with Josiah Howe President; Samuel Butman Vice-President; Rowland Tyler Secretary. The First Parish meeting-house was rebuilt, and was ■ dedicated July 20. Rev. Swan S. Pomroy preached the sermon. Text John iv. 24. Rev. Mr. Ripley, Baptist; Rev. Mr. Schermerhorn, Methodist, of Bangor, Rev. George E. Adams, o*' Brunswick, Rev. John Crosby, of Castine, and Rev. Mr. Fitch, of Belfast, took part in the services. The house was upon the present site; in fact, it was the principal part of the present house. It fronted on French street. Its windows were pointed. It had a wooden tower with four pinnacles, one at each corner, which were painted white and looked like a table bottom up- wards. It was a quasi Gothic structure — not a credit- able specimen of architecture. It contained 134 conri- fortable pews ; an organ made by Calvin Edwards of Portland, and in the tower was the old bell of Mr Bussey, re-cast, but with a tone very inferior to the original. It is the present bell. The house and organ cost something more than $12,000. The sale of pews produced $14,000. The committees appointed by the Board of Directors for promoting popular education in Penobscot county were: On School Books: Moses Greenleaf, Joseph C. Lovejoy, Joseph Doane, Charles Stetson, William Up- ton, Jonas Cutting, John B. Hill, Aaron Hill, Dr. Stevens. On Qualification of Teachers: David Per- ham, Ephraim Goodale, Edward Kent, S. Wyman. On Systems of Instruction: David Shepherd, Samuel Garn- sey, Joshua P. Dickinson, Elisha H. Allen, Jeremiah Perley. On School Houses and Apparatus: Daniel Pike, Daniel Wilkins, Ehas Dudley, John Bennoch, Thomas A. Hill. On Expenses of Education : Moses Greenleaf, Amos Patten, Ephraim Goodale, George Leonard, James S. Holmes. On Arrangements: Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, Benjamin Nourse. On August 2 the last number of the Bangor Register was issued. In their valedictory the publishers, Messrs. Burton & Carter, recommended to its patrons the Penob- 656 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. scot Journal, which was to be published the next week under the editorial charge of Phineas Barney, Esq., and with which they were to be connected. They plumed themselves upon the pure Republican principles the Register had always advocated, and declared it to be "a most gratifying reflection that from the first they had been decided and unwavering in their opposition to the elec- tion of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency; and desired to be thankful that for the disgrace and humiliation of his election their humble selves had nothing to answer; that they had been thought too lenient and forbear- ing to those who had assailed them often with billings- gate and blackguardism; that they had been incHned to reply, but had been quieted by the reflection 'that if you only give certain men rope enough, they will hang them- selves;' and certainly the acts and editorials of their neighbor [of the Eastern Republican] were most excel- lent exemplifications of the truth of the old adage." James Monroe, late President of the United States, died on the Fourth of July. General Jackson's Cabinet resigned this year, because of the refusal of their ladies to associate with Mrs. Eaton, the wife of the Secretary of War. Martin Van Buren, Secretary of State; Samuel D. Ingham, Secretary of the Treasury; John H. Eaton, Secretary of War, and John Branch, Secretary of the Navy, were the resigning min- isters. August 9 Samuel L. Valentine issued a newspaper called the Penobscot Journal. Its editor was Phineas Barnes, Esq., a graduate of Waterville College. It pro- posed to advocate, among other things, "the encourage- ment and protection of domestic industry," thus showing that it would be an organ of what was then called the "National Republican" party. The paper was a large weekly, and contained from ten to fifteen columns of reading matter. Bangor then contained 2,868 inhabitants, and the Journal gave this pleasant notice of the condition of the town : The activity of trade in Bangor at the present time is cheering to its citizens, and excites the admiration of strangers. A large share of our merchants are in the very comfortalile condition of having as much as they can do. Our streets exhibit the bustle of a city, and a fleet of shipping is. constantly in the harbor. Boats and rafts are passing on the river at all times, in all directions. A large number of buildings are in progress, including several blocks of stores. Six or seven brick- yards within this village are in constant operation. A spacious hotel, we believe the largest in the State, is well filled. Laboring men are in great demand, and at the highest wages. The country around finds a ready market for its productions. The editor, in another article, says: This town is the key, the inlet and the outlet of an extensive region of country, highly distinguished for natural advantages. It possesses a soil which will yield ample subsistence to that which alone deserves subsistence— persevering industry— and which now bears upon much of its surface a mine of unmense wealth. It is spotted with interesting and useful lakes, and traversed by numberless water-courses of untold value. With these advantages, and inha'jited by a population much moie than double the number of settlers in 1820, the Penobscot countr\' seems to offer the fairest field for the useful labors of the public press. The valuation- of Bangor this year was: Personal estate, $171,465; real estate, $234,202; total, $405,667. Tillage land was valued at $11 an acre; mowing, $12.18; pasture, $6.57; woodland, $4.06; unimproved land, $1.31. Hampden's valuation was: Personal estate, $41,010; real, $111,193; Orono (including Oldtown): Personal, $11,645; ""eal, $79,287. Brewer: Personal, $14,308; real, $62,545. Orrington: Personal, $18,528; real, $58,227. Dexter: Personal, $10,702; real, $32,692. There was much speculation at this time in regard to the future growth of Bangor. One enthusiastic vaticin- ator made the following calculation, premising it by say- ing, that "it IS probably safe to calculate that it will ul- timately become the first town in Maine, and possibly in New England." Bangor, in 1830,- with a population of 2,865, ^^'^ increased at the rate of 135 per cent, for ten years. Portland, with a population of 12,601, had re- ceived an increase of about 46 per cent, in the same time. At the same ratio, Bangor in 1840 would con- tain a population of 6,739, ^^'^ Portland of 18,397. In 1850 Bangor would have 15,845; Portland, 27,859. In i860 Bangor would have 38,245 ; Portland, 40,674. In 1862 Bangor would have 48,571, and Portland 44,334. Thus in thirty-one years Portland would be second to • Bangor in population. This view did not suit a Port- land citizen, and he was unwilling to admit the conclu. sion, whereupon the man of Bangor says that he (the Portland man) had lost sight of the fact that the calcula- tion was based upon this one truth, that Bangor has "twice the amount of territory depending upon it for a market that Portland ever can have ; and that this whole country is now settling with unexampled rapidity." The Portland man said that Bangor lived upon the lum- ber trade, and would not continue to grow after the lumber was cut off; that what they wanted in Portland was money to develop its resources. The Bangor man admitted that the lumber trade was of great importance to Bangor; but that the prosperity and growth of Bangor mainly depended upon the trade of the immense and growing back country "which concentrated itself here," and that as to money, Bangor at present felt no such lack; "our lumber furnishes a very tolerable amount of this article, and we have enterprise, which is far better than cash." The Bangor writer was too enthusiastic. Bangor did not contain twenty thousand in 1862 ; Port- land contained thirty thousand, more or less. The Independent Volunteers (Light Infantry Com- pany), Captain Micajah Haskell, made an excursion down the river on the 23d of August, in the packet- sloop Adventurer, Captain Cornwallis. At Bucksport and Belfast they performed various evolutions, and were highly complimented. The Belfast Light Infantry gave thera a dinner at the Eagle Hotel. The United States Revenue Cutter Morris arrived in port from a cruise on August 31; Richard Derby, Com- mander ; Gold, Carter, and Martin, Lieutenants. Samuel E. Smith, Democrat, was elected Governor this year over Daniel Goodenow, National Republican. Edward Kent, National Republican, was elected Repre- sentative from Bangor over Gorham Parks, Democrat. Kent's vote was 358, Parks's 846. Hemp, raised in the county, was brought into the Bangor market, and the hope was expressed that the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 657 farmers would give their attention to its cultivation, as with proper attention it could be made profitable. Henry A. Head and N. O. Pilsbury formed a co- partnership as auctioneers September 26, Paul Joseph Osson, son of John Osson, a Penobscot Indian, gave indications of superior talent in a school at Oldtown, under a Catholic priest, and on a visit.to Ban- gor became so much interested in some engravings which he saw in a store that he was taken to an artist's room, where he saw some paintings that fired him with the idea- of imitating them. He succeeded so well that some Bangor gentlemen placed him with an Artist, who said that his improvement indicated great promise. He was about eighteen years of age, was rather a wonder in the tribe, and an enthusiastic writer thought, if he should prove to have real genius, that the " world would stare at the Indian artist ! He will be a greater wonder than West was to Europeans." About the ist of October there were rumors of troub- les in Madawaska between Americans and Provincials. On October 5 the Bangor Mechanic Association, the object of which was " to improve its members in the theory and practice of their several arts and professions, and to acquire and promote among themselves all good and useful knowledge," celebrated its first triennial festi- val by an address in the First Baptist church by Henry Call, Esq., and a dinner at the Penobscot Exchange hotel. An elegant banner was presented by the ladies. The editor of the Journal was about calling the atten- tion of farmers to the capacity of Maine for wheat-grow- ing, when his eye fell upon the following paragraph from a New York magazine of 18 17 : — The farmers of the District of Maine are turning their attention to the cultivation of wheat, and it is anticipated that the time will soon arrive when Boston and the other sealjoard towns of the Common- wealth will derive their full supply of flour from the mills on the Ken- nebec and Penobscot. The scarcity in the year 1816 was not because wheat would not grow, but because very little was sown; and this year the abundance is such that one contract has been made for the sale of two thousand bushels, to be shipped from the Kennebec to Baltimore. As a specimen of what the soil of the District of Maine can produce, it is stated that Mr. Daniel Hasey, of Fairfield, raised on one acre and twenty-six rods of ground, in the summer of 1816, sixty-four bushels and a half of wheat. And the editor put this pertinent inquiry : — Why is it, when the capacity of the Slate for wheat-growing is so good, and when we have water-power equal to any in the world, that we are annually drawing thousands and thousands of barrels of our substance from the wheat-fields of New York, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia, and paying freight and commissions, besides the first cost, which might be kept here in circulation and in our own farmers' pockets. The unsettled condition of the Northeast boundary gave periodical excitements which possessed serious as- pects for a time, though they usually subsided in the ex- pectation that something would be done by the General Government. ^ The settlement on the Madawaska River, composed principally of French inhabitants, was sometimes the cen- tre of commotions. In August, this year, under an act of the Legislature, a warrant was issued by William D_ Williamson, Esq., for the purpose of organizing a town — the whole of the Madawaska settlement from the Monu- ment north to the Highlands — as part of the county of 83 Penobscot. The warrant was issued to Walter Powers, who appointed the meeting af the house of Peter Lirotte, but Lirotte refused to have the meeting at his house, and it was adjourned to an open field and held around a cart. Barnabas Hannawall was chosen Moderator; Jesse Wheelock, Town Clerk; Amos Mattocks, Daniel Savage, and John Hanford, Selectmen; Randall. Hanford and Barnabas Hannawall, Constables. Powers administered the oath to the Selectmen. About a dozen Americans participated in the organization. Mr. Justice Rice and Captain Coombs, of the Provincial militia, protested against the proceedings. The French inhabitants took no part. A second town meeting was held September i, by di- rection of Moderator Hannawall, at Raphael Martin's house, to elect a Representative to the Maine Legisla- ture. Peter Lirotte (a Provincial captain of militia) was elected, against the protest of Justice Rice, in His Maj- esty's name. About twenty of the French inhabitants participated in the proceedings. It had been reported among the Provincials that John G. Deane and Edward Kavanagh had, in August pre- vious, under a resolve by the Maine Legislature, been through the settlement, taking an account of the number of settlers, and had taken pains to impress it upon them that they were inhabitants of Maine and owed no alle- giance to Great Britain. These proceedings were reported by James A. Mac- lauchlan, a magistrate, and an agent of the British Gov- ernment to prevent aggressions upon the disputed terri- tory, to the Provincial Government. Whereupon the Governor and Council sent the Attorney-General and Maclauchlan to Madawaska to learn facts and " prevent further aggressions." The result was the arrest of Mod- erator Hannawall, Selectman Savage, Town Clerk Wheel- ock, and one Daniel Bean, who, refusing to give bail, were committed to prison to answer to indictments that might be found against them. Some French people were arrested who gave bail and were not committed. Some escaped to the woods; among them John Barker. On October 13 the grand jury of York county. Prov- ince of New Brunswick, found a bill of indictment against Barnabas Hannawall, John Baker, Walter Powers, Jesse Wheelock, Daniel Savage, Randal Harford, John Harford, Nathaniel Bartlett, Augustin Webster, and Amos Mattocks, for attempting to procure sedition within said Province, and to subvert His Majesty's authority within the same, and to set up and establish a foreign power and dominion in place thereof Of these, Hannawall, Wheelock, and Savage were tried before Mr. Justice Chipman, found guilty, and each sentenced to pay a fine of ^50, and be imprisoned in the gaol of the county for three months and until the fines were paid. The imprisonment of these men, however, did not continue long. Before the end of Noveinber they were on their way home, having been permitted to depart on their personal security for the payment of fines and costs. The release was in consequence of communications from the British Minister at Washington to the Government of New Brunswick, and the order for their release was 658 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. signed by the Governor of the Province, Sir Archibald Campbell. This affair created much excitement in Bangor, but the opinion prevailed to some extent that the action of the Legislature in relation to the territory when negotia- tions were pending between the General Governments for the settlement of the boundary question, was injudicious and seemed too much like nullification. The lead mine discovered at Sebec a year or two be- fore this was said to contain very rich ore, equal to the Missouri, and, in the opinion of English miners who had examined it, inexhaustible. The Educational Association for Penobscot county or- ganized this year, held a public meeting in Bangor on October 5. The introductory lecture was given by Rev. Mr. Huntoon, of Bangor, and the closing by Rev. Mr. Niles, of Brewer. Rev. J. C. Lovejoy and Daniel Pike, Esq., of Bangor, and Judge Perham, of Brewer, were appointed a committee on the qualification of teachers. The indications of thrift and growth in Baiigor this year were very encouraging. Nine brick-yards turned out three million two hundred thousand bricks. The number of buildings erected was in the neighborhood of one hundred. Among them were fourteen large brick stores, two blocks three stories high. The Bangor Commercial Bank went into operation. Thomas A. Hill, President; Thomas A. Hill, William Emerson, Amos Patten, James B. Fiske, James Crosby, Directors; Edward Richardson, Cashier. Lieutenant J. S. Gallagher, Second Regiment United States Infantry, who had been stationed at Bangor as As- sistant Commissary of Subsistence, was transferred to Fort Gratiot, Michigan Territory, and left on the 19th of October. Lieutenant Samuel L. Russell was appointed to his place. Chief Justice Mellen presided at a session of the Supreme Judicial Court in October. But one indictment for a criminal offence was tound, and there was no trial. The Journal said the Chief Justice "presided with his usual ability, fairness, and impartiality. We think the Chief Justice an excellent judge in many respects, and especially in keeping the lawyers in order and to the point." The Madawaska difficulties were the occasion of a meeting of the Governor and Council, who resolved "to adopt all proper and constitutional means to procure the release" of the prisoners, and appointed one of their number to go to Fredericton to see the prisoners and provide for their families, and caused a " general order to be issued to the militia to be in readiness to meet such requisition as circumstances may require, and as the President of the United States may deem necessary for the protection of our citizens and territory." The organization of Madawaska was made after the designation by the King of the Netherlands of the bed of St. John River as a suitable boundary between the United States and British America, and therefore con- sidered unquestionably justifiable, as it was made on the United States side of the line designated. This year a public clock, the product of the skill of Mr. George Fitts, an ingenious mechanic of the town was placed upon the Unitarian church, at a cost of $500, raised by private subscription. The Bangor Bridge Company under their act of in- corporation took preliminary steps for building a bridge to connect Bangor and Brewer. The complaints of the selling of liquor and drunkenness in Bangor were common. "Citizen " in the Journal on the 6th of December says : I had supposed that temperance societies and the unpopularity of drinking strong liquors would be sufficient to put a stop to the evil. I say evil; I have no doubt, in my own mind, that it is the greatest evil of our day. We now almost daily, and in some instances oftener, see some of our fellow-beings — and some of them once respectable — falling into the mud in our streets, and when down not able to rise. We find grog-shops erected and kept in nearly every possible place, selling spirits without license, making drimkards by the thousand. Shops are kept open on the Sabbath and young men are carried home to their parents on that day unable to help themselves. In the issue of the 20th a subscriber says: I can assure the editor that I will find ten shops and cellars in. the village that are selling rum, gin, and other strong drinks without a license, and also a greater number of stores. Many of the store-keep- ers do not wish to be thought rumsellers, and have removed their rum into the second story. The editor corroborates the statement, but adds that he is in possession of some very gratifying facts in rela- tion to. the progress of temperance in the town and vicinity. Proposals were requested in October by Thomas A, Hill, John Godfrey, and Thornton McGaw, Committee, for building a brick court-house agreeably to plan. Ford Whitman, Joseph K. Lumbert, and John Fiske wished to contract for building a block of brick stores, 335 feet in length by 58 feet wide, and for graveling a wharf 335 feet in length. This block was built on Ex- change street. On the 26th of November, 1831, the Selectmen, Daniel Pike, Royal Clark, and Henry Call, published a petition to the Legislature setting forth that, on applica- tion, the Overseers of the Poor had furnished supplies to Oliver Leonard, Esq., and his wife Sarah, before his de- cease to them both, and after his decease January 3, 1828, until her decease; that, in 1829, said Sarah re- ceived an annuity,* and left an estate of considerable amount; that the administrator of Sarah's estate had re- funded the supplies furnished her, but doubted his authority to refund the sum advanced before the death of her husband, and refused to do so; whereupon they prayed the Legislature to authorize the administrator to refund that sum, being $83.53. On March 3, 1832, the Legislature granted the Select- men leave to withdraw. General Trafton had on exhibition some fine specimens of apples and grapes from the farm of General Herrick, of Hampden, and fruit growers were convinced that the climate of the region would be no obstacle to success in raising many of the most valuable kinds of fruit. On December 22 pledges were given in the Methodist *The annuity was received before and at her marriage, but suspended by proceedings in chancery. A final decree restored the annuity after his death. She was the widow of a British surgeon when Mr. Leonard married her. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 659 congregation, to abstaia from the use and manufacture of ardent spirits, except when they were absolutely necessary as a medicine. CHAPTER XXV. Governor Etienne's Friends — Money Value of Temperance — Congrega- tional Meeting-house at Oldtown — Damon on Bangor — Washington's Birthday Celebrated — Town Election — Boundary Question — Act for the Survey of Lumber — Children in Penobscot County — Road Com- missioners — School Committee — Packet "Free Trade" Wrecked — Kenduskeag Bank Organized — Death of Daniel Pike — Methodist Chapel Bell — Freight of the " Free Trade ' ' — Dr. Pond Becomes Pro- fessor — Cold Spring — A Winding Walk — Quarantine — Cholera — Building — J. P. Rogers Appointed Attorney-General — Two Fourth of Jiily Celebrations — State Election — Death of William D. Williamson — "Free Trade" Again Running — Regular Army and Population of the Several States in the Revolution — Credit to Captain Hasey — Na^ tional Republicans Complain of Postmaster Tratton — Lawlessness — Benevolence — Madawaska " Insult" — Orders of General Hodsdon — Vote of Bangor at Presidential Election — Samuel Snow, Jr., Killed —Piscataquis Canal & Railroad Company — Judge Williamson's His- tory published — Death. John Atean, Governor; Joseph Lion, Councilor; Norril Lion; Sappeal Mohawk, Co.; Joseph Poris; Jo Mary Mohawk; Nicolar Netchet; Poris Bear, Esquire; Noel Poris; Peal Pole. Poris; Captain Nicolar; Peal Michael Sousep; Captain Fransnay Sousep; Fransnay Sousep; Sabatis Sousep; John Sousep; Jo Mitchell ; Captain Jo Mary; Sabatis Bear; Deniselas Jo Nicolar; Fransnay Jo Nicolar; Sol Ninepence; Atean Racoon; Glossean; Jo Michael Glossean; Socabason Glossean; Andra Sappeal; Tomer Soc Lexis; Sappael Sock Lexis; Peal Michael Sock Lexis; Captain Francis; Peal Nicolar Francis; Peal Nicolar Palassy ; Sabatis Sunksus; Loui Neptune; Cap- tain John Orson; Captain Atean Orson ; Nicolar John Orson; Paul Sousep John Orson; Jo Mary John Orson; Sabatis Martin; Jo Lolar; Loui Lolar ; Jo Swarsin, pub- lished a card in the Journal of January 3, alleging that they were Indians of the Penobscot Tribe, friends of the then Governor, John Atean, and all over eighteen years of age, which was the period of their majority and free- dom from their fathers. It was estimated that the advantage derived by the people of this county in the last three years from the temperance cause, if it could be reduced to money, was of more value than $200,000. A Congregational meeting-house was built at Oldtown this year. Bangor at this time was attracting much attention, and enterprising business men were establishing them- selves in the town. Mr. Isaac Damon, an architect of note from Northampton, Massachusetts, in a letter dated Bangor, January 26, 1832, said : 1 was most agreeably disappointed at the appearance of the place, and greatly surprised at the magnitude of its business operations. Bangor is situated on the west side of the Penobscot, and on both sides of the Stream Kenduskeag, over which a new and e.xcellent bridge has been constructed the past year. It has four houses of public worship, three of which are brick — three of them have bells, and one is furnished with a town clock ; besides these, you have presented in the same view another meeting-house in the growing village of Brewer, upon the east side of the main river. There is also a Theological Seminary, together with public free school, very creditable to the people, as evidence of a just concern for universal education, in conformity with the spirit of the age and the laws of the State. There are seventy-three stores and shops occupied by merchants and traders, and a great number of almost all descriptions of mechanics. There are five pubhc houses, one of which, where I am now writing, owned and occupied by Mr. Ebenezer French, and the widows and heirs of the late Zadoc French, Esq. , by whom it was created, is a splendid mansion, that would be an ornament to any of our largest cities ; and, what is of more importance to the traveler, it is kept in a style in no respect inferior to its appearance. To give you some idea of the growth of Bangor I will first notice that seventy-two dwelling houses and stores have been erected and put under contract for building within the past year; more than half of which appear to be substantial brick buildings, and most of them are rented or contracted for before they are completed; while many persons are waiting their removal here for a chance to hire a house and store. It may be well inquired, what sustains the business and population so rapidly concentrating at Bangor? The resources afforded by the great extent of terri- tory connected by the river and tributary streams, all navigable for boats and rafts, which here find a common outlet for the immense pro- ductions of the forest, from a distance of more than an hundred miles, consisting of lumber of almost all descriptions, superior, in general, to any that can be procured in any part of New England. Great as this branch of business undoubtedly is, it will soon be rivalled by the supe- rior importance of those agricultural productions which here also rtiust receive their destination to different part of the United States and to foreign countries. The mills at Stillwater and Orono comprise upwards of fifty saws, estimated to cut over forty millions of boards; to be added to these are numerous mills above, on the main river, as well as those on the Kenduskeag and other streams connected with and falling into it above Bangor, which greatly augment the quantity of boards; besides which there are clapboard, lath, and shingle-mills that manu- facture an almost incredible quantity of those articles to add to the stock of boards and timber. In fact, the value and fitness of materials for building to be found at Bangor, together with the faithfulness of their merchants in the execution of contracts and the high character of their survey, have come to be in such extensive reputation that large orders are sent here to be executed from the principal manufactur- ing places in New England. It is computed that over four hundred yoke of oxen, with an ap- piopriate number of choppers and loggers, are scattered over the territory contiguous to the river and its tributary streams, for a dis- tance of more than 120 miles, all connected with the mills and busi- ness of this place. When this view is taken of the resources of the county,, together with the important fact that ten or twelve ships and vessels of various descriptions are, and probably will continue to be annually built here and in the immediate vicinity, there is no difficulty in finding efficient causes for the growth and permanent increase and prosperity of Bangor. In regard to agriculture, he says that from his residence and observa- tion for several months he is convinced that "no part of New Eng- land affords so great inducements for our enterprising and industrious young men to come and settle down as farmers. The soil is good, and a cash market is at hand for produce. ... I have no doubt the chance is better from the mere pursuit of agriculture for a young man to acquire property, support a family, and enjoy health and promote his happiness here than in any of the Western States re- mote from the Atlantic." The Mechanic Association celebrated the 2 2d of Feb- ruary, the one hundredth anniversary of Washington's birthday, by thirteen guns at sunrise— "the old thirteen" — and one hundred at noon, and a meeting in the Court- house in the evening, where a prayer was made by Rev. Mr. Huntoon. Washington's Farewell Address was read by Rev. Mr. Ripley, and remarks were made by Henry Call, Esq., and others. The temperature in the morning was from twenty to twelve degrees below zero, and the 66o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. day was said to be "one of the brightest and most beauti- ful of our winter days." The day was celebrated in Hampden. An address was delivered by Hon. Enoch Brown. Washington's Farewell Address was read by Rev. Otis Briggs. The music was directed by D. John Abbott, and was pro- nounced "excellent." Captain Edward Snow "served up" a dinner in "good style," which was partaken of by citizens, among whom were several soldiers of the Revo- lution. General John Crosby officiated as President ) Hon. S. Stetson and General J. Herrick as Vice-Presi- dents. Some of the volunteer sentiments were partisan and spicy : y By General Herrick (Whig). "President Jackson's Visit : A series of vulgar fractions reduced to their low- est terms." By Colonel Emery (Democrat). " The Tariff of 1828: Recommended by Adams and Clay, and may it sink into oblivion with those who recommended it." By A. Matthews. "Free Trade: Sensible in theory, but infeasible in practice." It was predicted at this time that the buildings to be put up the next season on the east side of the Kendus- keag, and the consequent transfer of business to that side, with the location of the bridge there, would cause "a nearer equilibrium in the growth and prosperity of our town." During a series of j'ears the business on the west- erly side of the Kenduskeag predominated over that of the easterly side. The town election this year occurred on the 12 th of March. Edward Kent had 175 votes for Moderator; William D. Williamson, 133. It was a partisan election. The majorities of the Whigs were about the same for all the candidates. Samuel Lowder, Royal Clark, and Henry Call were elected Selectmen; Timothy Crosby, James R. Fiske, and John Wilkins, Overseers of the Poor; Ford Whitman, Treasurer. The Northeast boundary question was before the Leg- islature this year, and proceedings were had in relation to a surrender of a portion of the territory for a consid- eration, which created much acrimonious feeling. An act regulating the survey of lumber was passed by the Legislature, which was decidedly of great import- ance. The Fire Wards of the town established some regula- tions for efficient action this year. The number of children in Penobscot county by the last census was 7,407 males, 6,954 females; total, 14,361. In the then ten counties it was the ninth in numbers. The whole number of children in the State was 171,406. Portland became a city this year. Wiggins 'Hill, Samuel Louder, John Ham, Ezra Hutchins, and John LeGro, Jr., were chosen Road Commissioners, under a statute of the last Legislature, instead of Highway Surveyors, ■ The School Committee of this year were John God- frey, William Abbott, Daniel Pike, John Ham, Samuel Garnsey, Thomas J. Folks, William Thompson, John Thurston, William Blaisdell; and $2,000 were raised for _ the support of schools, • A packet schooner called the Free Trade, that plied between Bangor and Boston, Captain H. Harriman, master, struck on the Duck ledges on Sunday morning, April 8, and bilged. She was on her return from Boston with a freight of $20,000; vessel worth $4,000; small insurance on all. The passengers were landed in the vessel's boats on Monhegan Island. The master was absolved from blame. The Free Trade was new and owned in Bangor. The captain attributed the loss to the disregard of his orders by the mates. The weather was bad and continued so for several days. The captain made great efforts to recover her and some part of the cargo, but did not succeed. The wreck was afterwards picked up off Cape Cod (April 25), and was towed into Gloucester. A portion of her cargo was saved. The Free Trade was repaired and put upon the route again the next September. On April 30 Kenduskeag Bank was organized. John Wilkins, Joseph R. Lumbert, Elisha H. Allen, George W. Pickering, and Levi Cram were chosen Directors. John Wilkins was made President, and Theodore S. Dodd Cashier. Daniel Pike, a prominent citizen, died May 6, at the age of forty-eight. A fine-toned bell was put in the Methodist meeting- house in April. A writer in the Journal discovers that there were "seven- ty-one barrels of liquors " on board the schooner Free Trade when she was lost, and did not wonder at the quantity on board a smuggler's vessel when it might be sold "either with or without license, without any molesta- tion or hindrance in this town." Another, in reply, says that no town in the State is in advance of Bangor in temperance. Rev. Mr. Pomroy said of the trustees that Dr. Enoch Pond had accepted a professorship in the Theological Seminary; and acknowledged the receipt of $1,000 from Mrs. Lord of Kennebunk for the benefit of the library. The spring was cold this year. Fires were comfortable up to and into June. They were kept up until May 24th in Baltimore, and snow fell later as far south as Newport, Rhode Island. It was claimed that the cUmate was quite as mild as that in those places. In June "A Friend " proposes a walk with a friend in the morning in several stanzas of this style of poetry ; My friends ! the sun begins to gild The concave of the Eastern sky; • And all the landscape now is filled With sounds of mirth and jollity, Winter has gone, and lovely June Is clad in cerule vestments fair; Then rise and hsten to the tune Of Linnet in the summer air. ' We'll hasten to our fav'rite spot. Where rise the crags so high and steep; And lose ourselves in busy thought, While going down the " Lover's Leap,* It has been a question with many of the Bangor ro- * " Lover's Leap" is a fine, bold cliff on the bank of the Kendus- keag, three-fourths of a mile above Bangor village, a mile above Ken- duskeag Bridge, HtStORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 66i mancers how the precipice called " Lover's Leap " ac- quired its name, and frequent attempts have been made for its solution. A poem was written in 1881, from which a solution satisfactory to some sentimental pilgrims to that spot may be gathered. "Raven Hair" must have belonged to a tribe anterior to the Penobscot, or "Iron Hand" been under the influence of that nectar which inspires so many of the knights of the wood to perform astonishing feats, and led to the enact- ment of a law for the suppression of its use. The poem may be found in the sketch of Kenduskeag town, in the second division of this book. Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor, was appointed Attor- ney-General of the State, in place of Erastus Foote. On the 28th June the Selectmen gave notice that a quarantine was established from that date on all vessels which should arrive within the limits of the town in the Penobscot River, from Eastport and Lubec, and the British Provinces, and any port in which cholera morbus or any contagious disease was prevailing. Timothy Crosby, Esq., was appointed Quarantine Officer, and Dr. Rufus K. Gushing, Physician. Much alarm existed because of the prevalence of Asiatic cholera in Lower Canada. A public meeting of the citizens was called, and physicians were called upon by the Board of Health to report regulations in regard to the disease. They replied by saying, in order to allay undue excitement and alarm, that there were but few in- sulated and solitary cases within the bounds of the United States, and those were connected with the emigration of foreigners from Canada, and that they had positive as- surance that the disease was in no case spreading or pre- vailing. For regulations they referred to the then recent report of the Boston Board of Health, published in the Journal of June 26th, in the principles of which they concurred The cholera did not reach Bangor until 1849, when many persons died of the disease, and great alarm prevailed, and business was prostrated. Dr. John Mason was selected by the citizens, in 1831, to visit New York to obtain information respecting the disease, and observe its symptoms and modes of treat- ment. In July more than two. hundred dwelling-houses, stores, and shops were building in the town. Rents were enor- mously high, and nearly every building about to be erected i was rented as soon as the plan was drawn. The court- house and bridge across the Penobscot were commenced, and wharves and piers were springing up in the harbor. There were two celebrations of the Fourth of July this year— one by the citizens, the other by the Jackson par- tisans. The citizens' celebration was by a procession, oration, and dinner. The procession was escorted by a company of • citizen volunteers, under command of Captain Samuel P. Dutton. The reading of the Declaration of Independence was by Peleg Chandler, Esq.; the oration was by Dr. Barker; and the dinner was presided over by Hon. Allen Oilman, assisted by Samuel Lowder and Edward Kent. Although a citizens' celebration, the regular toasts in- dicated partisahism the reverse of Jacksonismj as ; "The President of the United States. He said 3. wise thing when he expressed an opinion against being a can- didate for re-election; he would do a wise thing if he would follow his own prescription." "Henry Cl^y. The advocate of liberty in every clime. We trust to see him President of these United States." (Received with three cheers.) Of the volunteer sentiments, this by Nathaniel Hatch: "The present Administration are for fixing our limits in ■the bed of a river, — we trust yet to find them on a Clay hill." And this by J. Appleton, Esq., of Sebec [afterwards Chief Justice Supreme Court]: "Our Governor. Abet- ter speculator on his own account than in behalf of the State." The excitement was considerable in the State, because the Administration party was inclined to adopt the award of the King of the Netherlands, fixing our northeast boundary in the bed of the St. John River for a con- sideration — virtually selling all the territory north of that river, and several of the sentiments referred to that. A notable feature in the celebration of the day was a company of truckmen and others in white frocks, with blue ribbons about the neck and white trousers, on horse- back. Their fine riding and evolutions occasioned much favorable comment. Colonel Samuel Lowder, Jr., of this town, a fine clas- sical scholar and a gentleman very highly esteemed, died on the Fourth of July, in Exu'ma, Turk's Island, where he had gone for the improvement of his health. His re- mains were brought to Bangor for interment. He was buried with appropriate civil and military honors. Ma- jor-General Hodsdon (to whose staff he belonged) and his staff, Brigadier-General Williams and his staff, and the officers of the regiment, with the military companies of the place and vicinity, and citizens generally, attended the funeral. Colonel Lowder was a native of Dedham, Massachusetts. William F., only son of Hon. William D. Williarason, died on the 6th of September, at the age of eighteen. At this time the following table was published, showing the men supplied by each State to the regular army dur- ing the Revolution, between 1775 and 1783, inclusive, and the population of the States in round numbers : — States. E- ! 2 tj New Hampshire 12,497 141,000 Massachusetts (including Maine) 67,907 475,000 Rhode Island Si°98 68,000 Connecticut 3i»939 235,000 New York. 17.781 319,000 New Jersey. 10,726 176,000 Pennsylvania 25.778 431,000 Delaware 2,386 51,000 Maryland 13.912 216,000 Virginia 26,677 561,000 North Carolina 7,263 293,000 South Carolina 6,447 133.000 Georgia 2,697 51,000 The votes of Bangor, on September lo, at the State annual meeting, were: For Samuel E. Smith, Democrat, 662 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 434; Daniel Goodenow, National Republican, 512. Smith was re-elected. Captain Ahdrew W. ' Hasey, who kept a hotel at the corner of Hammond and Franklin streets (where the Davis Block now stands), received much credit for aban- doning his lucrative traffic in ardent spirits. The National Republicans made great complaint against General Mark Trafton, the "Jackson Postmaster" of the town, for abuse of the franking privilege in dis- tributing partisan circulars through the post-office urging his party to organize, and said that they thought it incon- sistent with the utterances of President Jackson in his inaugural, where he accused the Administration of John Quincy Adams of having brought the " power and pat- ronage of the General Government into conflict with the freedom of elections." The complaint, however, was abortive ; the State and county were Jacksonian, and the dominant party held to the principle, " To the victors be- long the spoils." Lawlessness prevailed to some extent in the fall. A fire-engine on the west side of the Kenduskeag was mis- chievously removed from its place of deposit ; a valuable elm tree on Hammond street was cut down; signs were pulled down, and other acts of wanton mischief were done, and the Selectmen offered a reward of $50 for evi- dence that would convict the principal offenders. The benevolence of the people was taxed in behalf of the people of the Cape de Verde Islands, and contribu- tions were taken in the several churches, with the follow- ing result : First Parish (Congregational), Rev. Mr. Pomroy $158 25 First Baptist, Rev. Mr. Ripley 46 00 Union Street (Unitarian), Rev. Mr. Huntoon 103 09 Methodist 43 00 The Madawaska "insult" afforded the Major-General of the Third Division of Militia, Isaac Hodsdon, through John Hodgdon, his aid-de-camp, opportunity to manifest hfs patriotism under Ihe head of "Division Orders." An extract or two from the manifesto will give an idea of the gallant spirit that prevailed among the military worthies at the time. Referring to the call of the Governor to be ready for service, he says : In reiterating this call of the Commander-in-chief to the officers and soldiers of the Division, it affords peculiar pleasure to the Major-General to know that they have anticipated such a requisition with that zeal and satisfaction which the occasion demands, and are impatient to manifest their alacrity in obeying it. The proximity of this Division to the place where the outrage was committed is a sufficient guarantee to the troops of which it is com- posed that they will be allowed to participate in avenging (if necessary) the indignity which would otherwise be cast upon the escutcheon of the Republic. A spirit of forbearance only has restrained them until now from avenging it, either by capture or reprisal. The volunteer corps, and particularly the companies of light infantry and riflemen, are reminded that an opportunity may soon be presented them to evince the ability of their knowledge of military evolutions and discipline for which which they have been so deservedly distinguished. The Presidential election occurred on November 6. The vote of Bangor was: For Henry Clay, 504; for An- drew Jackson, 367. The vote of Brewer was: For Clay, 117; Jackson, in. Of Orrington: For Clay, 131; Jack- son, 44. Samuel Snow, Jr., of Bangor, was killed on the night of November i by a blow from William Dwelley, a neighbor and relative. Dwelley and his wife had been absent from home. On returning they heard the cries of their chil- dren as if terrified. On entering his house, Dwelley found Snow there, and that he was the cause of the chil- dren's alarm. On seeing Dwelley, Snow ran, and Dwel- ley gave him a blow upon his stomach which caused his instant death. """' On November 6 appeared the petition to the Legisla- ture of 1 833, of Moses Greenleaf and others, for the incor- poration of the "Bangor and Piscataquis Canal and Rail- way Company," to construct canals and railways from the tide-waters of Penobscot River to places on the Pis- cataquis River. Judge William D. Williamson, of Bangor, published his History of Maine, in two volumes, this year. The deaths in Bangor for four years ending December, 1832, were: From January, 1829, to January, 1B30 54 From January, ig30, to January, 1831 34 From January, r83i, to January, 1B32 54 From January, 1832, to January, 1833 95 CHAPTER XXVI. John Hodgdon Councillor — Dennet's Cove— "Washington" Engine at Oldtown— District of Belfast— The Littlefields' School— Town so Changed — Town Lands for Sale — New Religious Society Proposed— Fast Driving— Chapel oi Theological Seminary Burne4— Art- Fire —Mr. Kent's Addresses on Temperance, in Convention and Views of Dr. Pond, Mr. Appleton, and Others— Penobscot Mill-dam Company Organized— A. G. Jewett, County Attorney— Bonds of Real Estate — Anecdotes— General Hodsdon Reappointed Clerk- Companies Incorporated— Many Strangers— Annual Town Meeting —Fire and Marine Company Organized— Hammond Street Society- Major Moulthrop— Wax Figures— Bangor House Contemplated— Savings Bank and Mercantile Bank Organized— Travesty of Timber Land Speculation — Adventure with a Bear— Ice— New Translation of Bible— Schools— Appropriations — Votes for Governor, etc.— Irish Laborers— Mob at Carr's Wharf— Mob in the Town— Preparation for City Government. 1833. After the organization of the Legislature this year John Hodgdon, Esq., (Democrat) a young lawyer of Bangor and Aidde-Camp of Major-General Isaac Hods- don, was elected a member of Governor Smith's Council. Proposals for building a granite wall three hundred feet long, three feet thick, and fifteen feet high, on the north shore of Dennet's Cove, were advertised for by M. & A. Patten and J. B. Fiske. This was a beautiful cove about a quarter of a mile below the mouth of the Ken- duskeag. It was a depot for rafts of lumber, but has since been filled and the Maine Central Railroad now oc- cupies the ground for a station and other purposes. On the 26th of January a portion of the Fire Depart- ment and several citizens, went to Oldtown to assist in extinguishing a fire at General- Veazie's mills, occasioned by throwing coals and brands from the stove in one of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 663 the mills on the slabs on the outside. The mills were saved. The towns of Bangor, Hampden, Frankfort, Prospect, and Camden were at this time included in the customs district of Belfast. In this district there were registered and .enrolled, in 1832, four new brigs, thirty-four schoon- ers, and one sloop. The amount of tonnage was 14,014 tons. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Littlefield opened a young ladies' school. Lectures were to be given in physiology, chemistry, astronomy, etc. Terms, French and English, $6 per quarter ; English, $5. A class of misses between eight and twelve years of age would be admitted at $4 per quarter. On the 1 2th of February an "Old Inhabitant of Bos- ton" said through the Penobscot Journal: Within a few years our town has so essentially altered its appear- ance that a person who resided here about ten years since, and who recently paid us a visit, said that he could hardly believe the fact that he was in Bangor ; that the last year more than two hundred buildings, wharves, etc. , were erected, and the present season there will probably be as many more, including a meeting-house and a spacious hotel. On February 13 Philip Coombs advertised for sale three parcels of land on State street, within two hundred rods of the Kenduskeag bridge. One of the lots con- sisted of thirty-two acres on the north side of the street; one lot on the south side between the street and low water mark, comprising ten acres; and one lot twenty- seven rods on the street and twenty-three rods on New- bury street, containing ten acres, with a house forty by forty-four, three stories high, and twenty finished rooms. On the i6th a meeting was notified by the request of George W. B., James B. Fiske,. George Starrett, and twenty-five others, to be held at Hill & Starrett's office on February 26, for organizing a "parish or religious society." Fast driving was, as it ever will be, until drivers be- come decent, a cause of complaint. Somebody was very properly indignant that "a sleigh drove directly across the path" of two ladies who were on their way to church on Sunday, and struck one of the ladies " with such force as to tear in tatters a thick broadcloth cape, cloak, and under silk cape, and then passed on without stopping." On the i8th of February a building on the lot now occupied by ex-Vice-President Hamlin, owned by the Theological Institute, and used by them as a chapel and school-house, was destroyed by fire. The loss was $1,000, for which it was insured. Counsellor Peleg Chandler tendered his thanks to the fire wards, engine men, and all the citizens whose "cool, prompt, and energetic exer- tions," and "calm and affective aid, saved his house and outbuildings — which were near the chapel-^from a like fate." Mr. Major Moulthrop, from Connecticut, at this time commenced a course of instruction in landscape draw- ing and painting at the Franklin House on the 26th of February. A fire which destroyed a building of Judge William- son's, occupied as a dry-goods store (by William H. Hart- well), and in , which were two lawyers' offices (S. H. Blake's and N. Haynes's), and the Democratic Republican (newspaper) office, causing a loss of some $5,000 or more, led to the suggestion that a fire department be organized in town. Something more was wanting than men mounting ridge-poles and bawling "fire!" "water!" on the one hand and females passing water on the other. A temperance celebration occurred on the 26th of Feb- ruary. An address was delivered by Edward Kent, and contained these memorable words: But there are objectors to this system of total abstinence. Perhaps you say, "I care but httle about my glass; I can drink, or I can omit drinking without any painful effort. I occasionally take my glass, but have no fixed habit. It would be no great effort for me to abandon it altogether. But I do not choose to do so. I will not pledge myself to abandon it." Waiving all appeals to you in respect to your own danger of yet find-- ing yourself on the downward road, let us reason a moment together in relation to )our influence' upon others. 1 ask you, what hope is there of effecting the great moral reformation we aim at, and you admit you desire, if men should act upon your principle? Would you depend upon the fines and imprisonment, and the house of correction, to biing to disgrace and punishment the hopeless drunkard? But our object is not only, and in truth not so much, to cure, as to prevent intemperance. We would not despair of the habitual and confirmed drunkard. But we honestly confess that our hopes and our aims lie in resisting the beginning of evils; in drying up the fountain from which issues the deadly stream— in staying the steps of the unfortunate ere yet the fatal habit is formed, or the fatal spell cast around them. And now, I ask, how can you assist in this work whilst you are in the daily or common use of ardent spirits? The youth who is just forming his habits of in- temperance, replies to your remonstrance, "Why do you upbraid or advise me? You, too, drink; why should not I?" You may say: "I never drink to excess; I can command myself; I have no fear of any bad effects. " But will he believe it, or admit that he is not your equal in resolution? Will self-love thus decide? Will not your example give confidence and encouragement in this self-relying course of tem- perate drinking, which has been the smooth, worn path of thousands to a drunkard's grave? The meeting was adjourned from the Methodist meeting-house (then on Union street) to the First Parish meeting-house in the evening, when William Abbot, Esq., was chosen Chairman, and Rev. Joseph C. Lovejoy, . Secretary. Rev. T. B. Ripley (Baptist) spoke to a resolution ex- pressing gratitude to the Almighty for the success which had attended the eff"orts of the American Temperance Society. He said that "previous to its operations our country was in a most deplorable situation. The history of the past exhibited a fearful and rapid progress of the evil, and our forebodings of the future were still more dreary." Some previous efforts had been made, but with little success: "It was at last discovered that nothing could be done without entire abstinence." From the best inforimation the committee of that so- ciety had been able to obtain, "more than 1,500,000 people in the United States now abstain from the use of ardent spirits, and from furnishing it for the use of others; there are more than 4,000 temperance societies, embrac- ing more than 500,000 members; more than 1,500 dis- tilleries have been stopped ; more than 4,000 merchants have ceased to trafficin it; and more than 4,500 drunkards ceased to use intoxicating drinks. There is reason to believe that 20,000 persons are now sober, who but for the temperance reformation would have been sots; 20,- 000 families are in comfort who would have been in 664 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT GOUNTY, MAINE. poverty ; and 50,000 children saved from the blasting in- fluence of drunken parents." John Appleton, Esq. (now Chief . Justice Appleton), spoke to this resolution : Resolved, That moderate drinking is the real and true cause of in- temperance, and should be so considered and treated by the friends of temperance. He said : Drunkenness is supported by no one. The very sight of the drunk- ard is sufficient to disgust all who see him. He is looked upon by all as a criminal, loathed and avoided. But who made him a drunkard? From what class do drunkards come? From the temperate drinkers. Let no one who uses a little presume to say, "I am safe." Let him not in the fire of conscious strength say, "I shall never be moved." When he is warned of danger let him not say, "Am I a dog that I should become a drunkard ?" No one goes to ruin at once. No one can say, " I can set bounds that I will not pass." Every drunkard has said this, and yet not one has kept his word. Temperate drinkers, these are the supporters of drunkenness, the very class from which the more daring and brave are promoted to the honors and titles and wounds and bruises, disgrace and death of drankards; this is the path to glory in which all temperate drinkers are walking. I repeat it, moderate drinkers are the only efficient friends of intemperance. Rev. Mr. Hiisted (Methodist), to the resolution that the traffic in ardent spirits is a moral wrong, said if ardent spirits do evil, the conclusion follows that it is wrong to deal in them. " The fact was evident from looking into even one province of its ravages. Look at its desola- tions in the empire of mind." Rev. Professor Pond (Congregationalist) in seconding the resolution, said that he arose "not to reproach the dealer, but to expostulate with him." . . "You have seen the mischief it [rum] has done, and you know what it will do. Now if you not only suffer it to go but send it gut, who, I beseech you, is to blame ? Are not you to blame ?" Rev. Mr. Pomroy (Congregationalist) in advocating the resolution said about forty stores now sold ardent spirits in Bangor; and the influence the traffic exerted upon the inhabitants of the county was very great and -disastrous. Rev. J. C. Lovejoy (Congregationalist) presented a resolution that a committee of five be appointed to labor for three months in the cause of temperance in the county, and said that the American Congress in 1776 resolved to carry on the war of the Revolution to save the country from tyranny, and "they conquered. A day of joyful triumph has ever since been kept. I trust the day will come when this anniversary shall be kept as a day of jubilee, a day of songs, of joy and grateful anthems of praise to God. But the war is yet for a long time to be carried on. We may, if we will, banish the monster from our shores." The committee appointed were the Rev. J. C. I,ove- joy, Edward Kent, Esq., Rev. T, B. Ripley, and Rev. Mr. Husted. The Penobscot Mill-dam Company was organized and proceeded to bnild their dam and mills at McMahan's Falls for the manufacture of lumber. Albert G. Jewett, Esq., had been appointed by the Governor and Council County Attorney for Penobscot. The tenure of the office was seven years. Bonds for the conveyance of timber-lands and house- lots had now become articles of speculation, and the demand for them was so great that the values of all kinds of real estate became so enormous as almost to craze the community. There were cool heads, but the many were engaged in making the country wealthy by giving fic- titious values to the manufacture or transfer of bonds for their conveyance for a certain sum within a fixed time. Men would make bonds of lands to which they had no title whatever, find purchasers, and run the risk of being required to make the conveyance. As these bonds were the subject of speculation, and not the lands, they would finally get into the hands of some one who neither could sell them again nor raise the money to pay for the lands, and they would expire in his possession. Sometimes the obligor, if possessed of means, would prepare himself for the emergency of conveying by afterwards getting a bond of the owner with the value of the lands fixed at a far less sura than he was to be paid. Some actual sales were made under such contracts. But the poor people had heard so much in regard to large sums of money being made by "bonds" that much imposition was practiced. It is recorded that a conceited man of color was so impressed with the idea that his fortune was to come to him in this way that he was determined to be the possessor of a bond at some price. He found a person who was willing to aid him- This person — a wag — gave him a bond; and his bond was a bond — no more. The effect upon the obligee was astonishing. He conceived that he had a fortune, and he became very much excited and could not sleep. He could not comprehend why it should produce such a change in his feeUngs. He seemed to be beside him self, and finally disappeared altogether from the town. Another speculator, who was a deacon of a church, became so involved in bond speculation that his pastor deemed it his duty to refer to the questionable character of the business. The deacon's reply was, " My dear sir, I would that that thou wast altogether such as I am, ex- cept these bonds." The poor deacon, like St. Paul, had some bonds that did not affect him comfortably. General Isaac Hodsdon was this year reappointed Clerk of the Courts for Penobscot county. The Legislature passed acts to increase the capital stock of the Kenduskeag Bank, Bangor; to incorporate Bangor Savings Institution; to incorporate the Bangor and Pisca- taquis Railroad Company; additional act to incorporate Commercial Bank, Bangor; to incorporate Penobscot Stage Company; to incorporate Bangor & Pushaw Canal- Company; to incorporate Bangor Insurance Company; to incorporate Penobscot Log Driving Company; to in- corporate Bangor House Proprietary; additional act to incorporate Panobscot Mill-dam Company; to regulate the survey of lumber in Penobscot county.- On March 19 the Journal said: Our town, at the present moment, is overflowing with strangers. The taverns are filled, and it is with difficulty that those who come last can get accommodations. In a list of about sixty arrivals at the Ex- chaiTge Coffee House, the last week, we find the names of gentlemen from New York, Rhode Island. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and from all parts of the State. Some are here, we suppose, with a view to itiake their fortunes — others are intending to settle— and not a few are honor- able Legislators returning home. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 66s At the annual town-meeting (nth of March) Henry Call was elected Town Clerk; William Abbott, George W. Brown and Royal ('lark, Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor; Ford Whitman, Treasurer; William Rice, Harbor-master; Thornton McGaw, Town Agent; William Abbott, Benjamin Nourse, Joseph R. Lumbert, William Thompson, Andrew Webster, School Committee. The Bangor Fire and Marine Insurance Company was organized and on March 13 elected George W. Picker- ing, Amos Patten, Caleb C. Billings, James Crosby, Samuel Smith, AValdo T. Pierce, Ebenezer French, Thomas A. Hill, and Amos Davis, Directors. George W. Pickering was elected by the Directors, President. The committee of the Hammond Street Congrega- tional Society, John Godfrey, Thomas A. Hill, Levi Cram, Moses Patten, and Edmund Dole, gave notice that they would receive proposals for building a house of worship for the society until the ist day of April. The regular line of packets between Bangor and Bos- ton, at this time, consisted of schooners Free Trade, ' Madawaska, Albion, and Herald. The editor of the' Journal was delighted with Mr. MoUlthrop's paintings, and with sixteen wax figures on exhibition, representing Gibbs and Mourky, the pirates, the Salem murder, the Siamese twins, and advised all who desired to patronize the painter, as he would leave them soon; and as to the wax display, no one could "view them without deriving peculiar satisfaction." The Directors of the Bangor House Proprietary ad- vertised for proposals for building the Bangor House. They would be received until April 6th. The Directors were William Emerson, Moses Patten, Charles Thomas, Rufiis Dwinel, and John Hodgdon. The Bangor Savings Bank and the Mercantile Bank were organized on the third day of April. Amos Patten was made President and Treasurer of the former, and Caleb C. Billings, George W. Pickering, Jacob McGaw, George Starrett, Henry Call, Thomas I^ Hatch, John Fiske, Thomas Drew, and Nathan B. Wiggin, Trustees. C C. Billings, Thornton McGaw, Waldo T. Pierce, Amos M. Roberts, Cyrus Goss, Willis Patten, and John Hodsdon were chosen Directors of the latter. The speculation in timber lands had become so ex- tensive, and the means resorted to by speculators to dis- pose of their lands had become so questionable, that the pens of the wits found ready employment. A little paper appeared in Portland bearing the title, "The World ina Nutshell," and containing information "interesting to gentlemen of moderate fortunes who wish to double their capital in six months." "We" had been shown by the "Great Land Commit- tee" a plan of a tract of timber land situated on the coast of Norway, five hundred miles long and running « back into the interior forty miles. Affidavits of the explorers (all of them gentlemen of the first respect- ability from the county of Penobscot, in this State) rep- resenting that the strip was "divided by five navigable streams, liaving the best possible waterfalls flowing through the tract to the sea, at just a mile and a half dis- tant from each other; so that not a stick of timber can require to be hauled more than three-quarters of a mile." We have never met any set of affidavits that, take them all in all, afforded us more satisfaction. The reporters are very explicit. They found each tract between the rivers contained large quantities of timber over and above any amount which can be expressed by figures. To avoid, therefore, all confusion in putting down their esti- mates, they only give the excess on each tract over the amount which cannot be immediately reckoned. This struck us as peculiarly ingenious and simple. Several ■ enterprising gentlemen in Bangor have obtained a bond of this notable timber tract. It was understood that they would not sell at any price, and the intelligence threw the business part of the city into the greatest gloom, and a public meeting was proposed to condemn their "monopolizing and sordid stand." Whereupon they gave up their first determination and put two-thirds of the tract into the market. An adventure at this time is reported of a young resi- dent of Bangor, who was one night returning from a visit to his fair one. His route lay through timber-land partly felled. Being in good spirits, he bounded over the fallen trees with alacrity until he found himself face to face with a ravenous bear. Springing to tlie nearest pinCj he climbed up some distance. The bear pursued until he came within reach of our hero's feet. These did good service by dashing the animal to the ground. The bear returned, and, seizing one of his antagonist's legs, was again sent back with a boot in his arms ! While the bear was exercising his wits as to how he could circumvent his victim, the young man was climbing. When he had at- tained the height of about fifty feet the bear had out-' climbed him, and again seized the last leg. In his eager- ness to enjoy his spoil, however, he became detached from the tree, and the leg being his only support, and the young man being so nearly exhausted that he coiild hold on no longer, down both fell together. Fortunately the ■ young man was on top, and least injured by the fall. The bear was dumbfounded, and the young man, taking ad- vantage of his confusion, rushed away and was glad enough to escape with the loss of a boot and his hat! The effect of this adventure upon the mind of the lady was not unfavorable. There was a tinge of romance in it. The hero had been in imminent peril because of her. She could not be unkind. She was not. The ice left the Penobscot on the loth of April, and a large number of vessels arrived in port directly afterward, and the streets and wharves were filled with life and bus- iness activity. A "new translation of the Bible" at this time excited some comment. From specimens of the translation a favorable reception was not expected. " Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God," was translated : " Indeed I assure you that except a man be reproduced he cannot realize the reign of God." The translator disposed of Judas in this manner: "Falling prostrate, a violent internal spasm ensued, and all his viscera were emitted." The editor of the Penobscot Journal gave assurances that he would not countenance any such translation. 666 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. William Abbott and Benjamin Nourse, the School Committee in charge of Districts i and 2, were alive to the importance of the constant, regular, and prompt attendance of pupils in the schools, and assuming that parents must also be aware of it, they earnestly requested them to see that their children were "sent to school daily, and at the hour appointed for opening the schools." Mr. Abel M. Quimby, who was President of the Ban- gor Academy for several years, was now teaching an " English High School " for both sexes. It was voted this year to raise $6,960 for highways, $2,500 for schools, $2,500 for town charges. Horses were prohibited from being left on Kenduskeag bridge without a keeper or driver, and from being hitched to the fences or posts therein. Bells were prohibited from being tolled at funerals. Driving faster than at the rate of five miles an hour was prohibited within half a mile of Kenduskeag Bridge. The votes in Bangor at the State election were for Governor: Daniel Goodenow, Whig, 467 votes; Robert P. Dunlap, Democrat, 466; Thomas A. Hill, Anti-Mason, 30. For Representative to Congress, Gorhara Parks, Democrat, 481; Ebenezer Hutchison, Whig, 445; Judah McLellan, Anti-Mason, 40. For Representative to Leg- islature, Henry Call, Republican, 481; John Sargent, Jr., Democrat, 408; Thomas F. Hatch, 40. In this year there had been much disorder. Many laborers had come into the town who were recently from Ireland, and were seeking to earn a livelihood with the spade and mattock, and in any lawful way. There was need of such laborers, and they were employed. Among the American laborers of similar description there was a jealousy of these foreigners that boded anything but comfort to them when opportunity should offer for' the manifestation of their ill-will. The opportunity came. One very dark evening, early in the business season, a mob of sailors from vessels moored off Carr's Wharf — at a place in the river where vessels lading with lumber were accustomed to lie — conceiving that they had cause against the occupants, attacked a building upon that wharf with axes, hammers, crow-bars, fire, and whatever would enable them to render the building untenable. Of course the alarm was given, and a great crowd of won- dering people were soon gathered in the neighborhood of the scene; but, for some reason, no disposition appeared to be manifested to interfere with the work of destruction. The outside crowd became a compact mass of humanity without apparent purpose, swaying this way and that, drawing to itself every new comer and taking him in, willing or unwilling, and like an ava- lanche bearing down everything in its way. It had the power of locomotion, but seemed to be without sense and without self-control. In vain did the owner of the building call for help to save his property. "Will you see this building destroyed," he cried, "and is there no one who will aid me in saving it?" There was no re- sponse. Thecrowdwasasstolidas solid. It seemed to have neither pity nor other emotion — at least generous emo- tion. The only way to account for this is by the suppo- sition that the building was a nest for characters that ought not be tolerated in any locality. The sailors ac- complished their purpose. The morning light revealed a ruin with not an occupant. It would have been well, perhaps, if this had been the end. But when the mob spirit is once aroused, time is required to allay it. There was evidence, the next day, of a disposition among the bad elements of the town to indulge in general lawlessness. Captain Charles G. Bry- ant, a military leader in that day, felt it incumbent on him to prevent mischief, and gathered together such citi- zens as were wilhng to use fire-arms, if necessary, for the protection of life and property ; and perhaps he did to ' some extent curb the wrong impulse of many hot-headed people, and save property from destruction. But there was a portion of the mob who would have their way, and do something. Now came the opportunity of the haters of the Irish. It was not difficult to turn the current against them, and night after night was made hideous by the tramping and howling of the mob in pursuit of these poor people; and many a terrified man, woman, and child was compelled to pass homeless and sleepless nights in order to feel secure against the violence of the pursu- ers. They were glad when they had escaped, even though they had not where to lay their heads. It was a period of general alarm, and the better class of citizens extemporized a watch and a patrol. Men on foot and on horseback passed through the streets and gave a feel- ing of security until the mob by its hootings and howl- ings and mischievous performances had exhausted itself. When the calm came and there was an opportunity to reflect, there was a general feeling that some provision should be made against future contingencies of this kind. At this time the voting population had becoifie so nu- merous that the town meetings had become almost un- managable. In fact, it had become well-nigh impossible to transact the town business understandingly in them, and, with the prospect of still further increase of voters, it was felt that some provision must be made for the intelligent transaction of the public business in future, and for the protection of the polls. When this was considered in connection with the recent lawless manifestation, the wis- dom of the town was exercised in devising a plan which would afford the public necessary security in the con- duct of municipal affairs and against mob violence. All plans were considered, and it was concluded that a city form of government, with a responsible head, under which the business could be transacted by delegates elected by the people from separate precincts, and a po- lice force composed of good and reliable men, and the power to enlarge it in case of emergency, would be the surest guarantee of safety. In pursuance of this view the Selectmen, on the i6th day of November, issued their warrant for calling a meeting of the inhabitants, to be held on the 23d of November, "to see if the Town will apply to the next Legislature for a Charter for a City Government." At this meeting Samuel Call presided as Moderator, and it was Voted, That the town do apply to the next Legislature for a Charter for a City Government HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 667 CHAPTER XXVII. Bangor Incorporated a City — Divided Into Seven Wards — Election of Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council — Parsons Elected President of the Council— Subordinate Officers — Steamboat Bangor— Portland Rifle Corps — Forty Delegates— Hammond Street Church Dedicated —James P. Kendall, the Bugler — Elms of Broadway— No Railway — Penobscot Freeman— Captain George Barker — Harpist — Second Tri- ennial of Mechanics' Association— Toast in Rhyme — Politics — Editors Haynes & Upton — Dunlap & Sprague, Candidates for Governor- Vote of Bangor — Henry Call Elected Representative — Whigs Com- « plaint of Democrats — Duren's Library — Barker and Baker, Smgers— Packets— John Bright — The Whig's Opinion— Captain Howes — An- thracite—Heterogeneous Bangor — Central Bridge — Bank Dividends and Stocks — Forty Lawyers— Lamps — Indians— Soil in Houlton — Traffic in Ardent Spirits— Savings Bank— F. O. J. Smith Elected to Congress— Weston Chief Justice— Watch House— Rev. Jason Whit- man— Sager — Building in Bangor— Coombs's Common — Tenure of Judicial Office — Stumpage — Bangor a Wonder — Social Library — Bangor House Opened — Martin S. Wood — Death Penalty. Voted, To choose a committee of nine to petition the Legislature for tjiat purpose, and to pubhsh the said petition, and to draft a bill and present the same to the town for their acceptance at the adjournment of this meeting. Chose, William Abbot, Royal Clark, George W. Brown, Amos Pat- ten, Ebenezer French, Edward Kent, Willis Patten, Nathan B. Wiggin, and Charles G. Bryant, committee for the above purpose. After changing the name of Poplar street to Exchange street the meeting adjourned to December 9. From that date the meeting was adjourned to December 14. At this adjournment a bill was presented. Each arti- cle was examined and discussed, and amended when it was thought necessary. The bill was not completed , until another adjourned meeting held on the next Mon- day, December 16, when, after it had been fully exam- ined and other alterations were made it was recommitted to the same committee "with instructions to make a draft of the same, as amended, and to embody in the same the several laws to which reference is had in the bill, and which are necessary to the proper understanding and construction of the same, and forward it to the next Legislature." This bill provided for the incorporation of the city of Bangor, for its division into seven wards, for meetings of the voters in those wards in general elections, and for the election of an Alderman from each ward — the whole to constitute a' Board of Aldermen — and of three Council- men from each ward, the whole to constitute a Board of Common Council; and, at the same time for the election of a Mayor of the city. The Board, in joint convention with the Mayor, was to constitute the City Council, which was to elect the subordinate officers of the city. The bill also provided for a court and police, and con- ferred on the Mayor and Aldermen, Common Council, Court, and all subordinate officers, such powers as would enable them to perform all the duties before devolving upon the town, and such other powers as were deemed important in providing for the security and safety, and well-being of the city and people. 1834. An act to incorporate the city of Bangor, em- bracing the provisions of the bill passed by the citizen's committee, was enacted February 12, 1834, and was ac- cepted by the town on the 24th of the same month by a vote of 526 yeas to 1 18 nays. On the first day of March following the Selectmen, un- der the provisions of the act, divided the city into seven wards. On March 10 the voters assembled in their respective wards, and, after electing ward officers, cast their ballots for Mayor, Alderman, and three Common Councilmen. There was no choice of Mayor on this da)'. Allen Oilman received 406 votes, Isaac Hodsdon 363, and various citizens from one to nine each, aggregating sixty-eight. For a choice 418 were necessary. On March 17 there was another balloting, and Allen Oilman received 543 votes, Isaac Hodsdon 363, scatter- ing 13; necessary for a choice 460. Mr. Oilman, having been declared elected Mayor, was inaugurated, and the City Council was organized. The Aldermen were: Ward i, Asa Davis; Ward 2, Moses Patten; Ward 3, Samuel Call; Ward 4, John W\\- kins; Ward 5, John Fiske; Ward 6, John Brown; Ward 7, Frederick Wingate. Council: Ward i, Abner Taylor, Anthony Woodard, Solomon Parsons; Ward 2, Wiggins Hill, Timothy Cros- by, Jonathan C. Taylor; Ward 3, Oeorgc W. Pickering, Samuel Lowder, Elisha H. Allen; Ward 4, John LeGro, Jr., Thomas Finson, Joseph Abbot; Ward 5, George Wel- lington, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent; Ward 6, Paul Pv. Barker, Bradford Harlow, Messenger Fisher; Ward 7, Ebenezer French, 2d, Charles G. Bryant, Pliny D. Par- sons. Solomon Parsons was elected President of the Common Council. The principal subordinate officers elected by the City Council were: Charles Rice, City Clerk; James Crosby, Treasurer; Ebenezer French, Marshal; Edward Kent, Solicitor and Agent; Allen Oilman, Street Commissioner; Benjamin Nourse, Edward Kent, William Abbott, Pliny D. Parsons, Joseph Abbot, Joshua P. Dickman, Eben- ezer French, 2d, School Committee; Jonathan Cutting, John Fiske, Henry Call, Assessors; Amos Patten, Wil- liam Abbot, Rufus K. Cushing, Overseers of the Poor; Ebenezer French, Rufus K. Cushing, Bradford Harlow, Health Officers. As the provision in the Constitution for the election of civil officers by cities was not in existence until the fol- lowing year, the votes for Governor, Representatives to Congress, and other civil officers, were this year cast by the people as previously under the town organization. There was at this time a provision for the appoint- ment of a City Messenger and Constable, to which Mr. John Lancey was appointed. The office was not in ex- istence many years. Provision was made for a Municipal Court, with a Judge and Recorder. Hon. Charles Stetson was the first Judge of this court, and Reuben S. Prescott, Esq., Recorder. Hon. Samuel Farrar succeeded Judge Stetson, and Hon. John Mc- Donald succeeded Judge Farrar. 668 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. During a portion of the time Judge Stetson held the office the financial situation of Bangor was very bad. The Recorder at times found it difficult and sometimes impossible to collect the fees ; and, in order to raise the money to pay the salaries, was obliged to resort to -broker Warren and pay him five per cent, per month for it. On the 14th of July the new steamboat Bangor, George Barker captain, made an excursion to Castine and Belfast. This boat was a great improvement on the "Maine" that plied between Bangor and Portland, ten year before, which could only accomplish the distance between Bangor and Bucksport in a day. The Bangor took nearly four hundred ladies and gentlemen to Cas- tine and . Belfast and returned by six o'clock in the evening, made the circuit of nearly one liundred miles, including stoppages, in ten hours. Tickets for the ex- cursion and meals were $1.50. The Portland Rifle Corps, Captain Edward D. Preble, visited Bangor this month, and created quite a mihtary furor among the young men. Forty-one Whigs of Bangor, on July 17, were ap- pointed delegates to a State convention at Augusta, on July 21, to nominate a candidate for Governor. At that convention Peleg Spraguc was nominated for that office. Hammond Street meeling-house was dedicated, and ,Rev. John Maltby was installed its pastor on July 23d. This building had two wooden towers, with cupo- las. Its proportions were bad, and withal it was not an attractive, though a convenient structure. At the sale of the pews $4,000 were realized above their appraised value. The famous bugle-player, James P. Kendall, with the Boston Band, gave a concert at the First Baptist meeting- house, on the evening of July 20th. Admission 25 cents. , The elms on Broadway began to attract attention. "This," said a stranger to the editor of the Whig, "is the work of your Mayor. The city is indebted for this de- lightful exhibition to the individual whom you see stand- ing over the way, looking with an air of calm satisfaction on the result and progress of his labors — Mr. John Ham." The inquiries of the stranger afterward, and the replies of the editor, mdicated something of the needs of the new city. "Where is the site of your, market-house? What public squares are contemplated ? Where your public cemetery ?" "Oiir city is hardly begun. No one can tell where to locate its public buildings and squares. We have a temporary matter of a Court-house over the vvay; a sort of Mount Auburn several miles up the -river, in the neighborhood of tl- mill-dam, near the probable centre of the city, where the railroad shall con- nect the line of steamboats from the St. Lawrence with those of the Penobscot." No railroad from Bangor was then contemplated; and if the Maine Central had been suggested, the idea would have been considered Utopian; and such a construction as the European & North American Railway within the century would have been scouted as altogether visionary. We now can predict almost anything for Bangor within the twentieth century without provoking a doubt ; im- provements have beer; so wonderful in the nineteenth. , The first number of the Penobscot Freeman, an anti-Masonic newspaper, edited by Asa Walker, and pub- lished by Aaron Herrick, was issued August 7th. Captain George Barker left the command on the steamer Bangor this month, and was succeeded by Sam- uel F. Howes. The friends of Captain Barker were greatly indignant at his being removed from the com- mand, as it was through his efforts that the vessel was built and put upon the route, and they had a meeting and chose a committee to investigate the causes of the removal. The committee reported that in their opinion he was removed without adequate cause, condemned the treatment he had been subjected to, and expressed their sympathy with him, whom they esteemed an "honorable man, a good citizen, and a gentleman." Then there Was much complaint against the Directors for raising the fare from $6 to $7 between Bangor and Boston. Monsieur Canderbeck, a celebrated performer on the harp and violin, entertained the citizens with specimens of his playing on August 25. His performances were much applauded. ' Plank sidewalks up the clay hills, in the streets and lanes, were recommended this yeaj. The Mechanic Association held its second triennial festival on August 31. An address was delivered by John S. Sayward, Esq., "which was replete with senti- ments of patriotism and philanthropy, and fastened the attention of the audience for three-quarters of an hour." Mr. John Barker, of the Franklin House, prepared the dinner, which was pronounced "sumptuous and splendid." The eleventh regular toast was this: Our city and its prospective improvements:— • May every street Be clean and neat, And free from filth and swine; And, each dark night, A burning light In every corner shine. With no rude boys To make a noise. With boisterous mirth ob:ceno; Nor dirty shops To sell vile slops To swine, in shape of men. May all our laws Be free from flaws. And executed well; And at otir homes, Of bricks or stones, May great contentment dwell. So future days Shall chaunt the praise. In raaiiy a rhyming ditty — Of all the men Assembled when We made the Town a City I Mr. Edmund Dole called to mind the Hampden battle and the visit of the British by the following: "Twenty years ago: May our deliverance from the heavy gloom which then hung over us as 'prisoners of war ' cause our hearts to ascend in gratitude to Him who HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 66g has preserved us from calamity, and blessed us with prosperity." On the arrival of the steamer Bangor, from Boston, hav- ing on board the Representative— Hon. Gorham Parks — from Washington, there was a large gathering of the people. Among these were Whigs who felt aggrieved by the course of Mr. Parks in Congress, who, as they said, grossly misrepresented the interests of the whole country by his treatment of a memorial they had intrusted to him to present to Congress requesting a survey of a military road from the Kennebec waters to the Bangor line, had treated a respectful memorial with contempt, and had boasted of being elected by seventeen hundred majorit)'. in the crowd, and doubtless among the Whigs, were un- mannerly people who hissed, groaned, and taunted Mr. Parks by shouting "seventeen hundred majority ! " This, of course, excited Mr. Parks and his political friends, .and afforded them-an opportunity to arraign the whole Whig party of the district for insulting and persecuting their member of Congress for expressing his convictions ■and acting in accordance therewith. Such demonstrations were disapproved by reflecting Whigs; whatever they may have thought of Mr. Parks's course, as impolitic, to say the least; but the mischief was done and all the Whigs alike had to suffer the con- sequences. - At the next election Mr. Parks was returned to Con- gress by an increased vote in Bangor, which was 577, while his vote at his first election was 481 against his competitor, Edward Hutchinson, which was 448. His competitor in 1834, however, was Edward Kent, whose vote in Bangor was 873 against Park's 577. The political campaign was conducted with great bit- terness this year. With Nathaniel Haynes conducting the Republican and Samuel Upton the Whig, and both ridicuhng and blackening each other — the former calling the latter and his party Federalists — as if it were the most degrading of all epithets — and the latter spelling the name of the former " Gnat," and stigmatizing his party as Tories, they made their respective papers very uninter- esting, excepting to themselves and partisans as bitter as -themselves. The candidate of the Democrats for Governor was Robert P. Dunlap; of the Whigs, Peleg Sprague. The Democratic candidate for Representative to Congress was Gorham Parks'; of the Whigs, Edward Kent. The election occurred on September 8th, and the Democratic candidates were elected. The vote of Bangor for Sprague and Kent was 873 each; for Dunlap 576, for Parks 577. In 1833 the vote of Bangor was, for the Whigs, 467; for the Democrats,' 466. The vote of other towns in the neighborhood of Bangor was: 1834. 1833. W. D. W. D. Brewer ' 134 157 65 ^i :Dutton [GlenbumJ 30 93 9 43 Hampden 168 232 . 65 125 Hermon 14 121 10 99 Orono [including Oldtown] 347 4^3 i33 229 Orrington .....163 S4 79 3^ Henry Call, Whig, was elected Representative from Bangor, over Thornton McGaw (Democrat), The- ophilus Nickerson (Whig) from Orrington, etc, Samuel Coney (Democrat) Orono, Thomas Emery (Democrat) Hampden. Although the Whigs were defeated in Governor and Representative to Congress, yet they consoled themselves with the reflection that they had made "very flattermg gains." In September the Directors of the steamer Bangor published their reasons for the dismissal of Captain Barker, saying they had paid him in full for his services, and " had good and sufficient reasons for discharging him." At this time the poets were abroad and " a sweet ' singer of Israel from the neighborhood of Bangor" in- spired some lover to perpetrate the following: Sarali, wliat sound seraphic rapts my car, That heaven's own habitants might joy to hear ? It is an angel voice from human lips. Whence heavenly music inspiration sips. Sing on, my Fair, since it to thee is given On earth to prelude the harmonies of heaven. The Whigs complained much of the irregularities of the Democrats (Tories, as they called them) in the electioii. "In one. town in this vicinity" they alleged, "where there were iTiore voters than inhabitants, three persons were torn from their homes and their sick beds, and borne to the polls, who" within eight days afterward "passed to their long home." The Portland Advertiser said: "In the town of Hermon there were sixteen more votes thrown than there were voters," and it was a very current story, not denied, that in that town, on the votes being counted at one time, one or two Whig votes were found in the ballot-box, and one of the Selectmen, ap- parently astonished at seeing them, said they did not be- long in that box — got there by mistake — ^^and threw them aside without counting them. Mr. E, Freeman Duren at this time established a cir- culating library at his bookstore. Messrs. Albert G. Barker, a tailor, and Benjamin F. Baker,"" a carpenter, established a school for instruction in sacred music. The former was a fine tenor, and the latter a superior bass. They made quite a sensation by the excellence of their singing. The packets that at this time plied , between Bangor and Boston were the schooners Free Trade and Mada- waska. Mr. John Bright was the conductor of a news-room. In the Bangor Temperance Society the subjects of es- tablishing a temperance society and of patronizing only soch persons as did not use ardent spirits, were discussed. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Littlefield were teaching their Female High School, which was commenced. Mr. Stickney had charge of the Classical Department. Tui- tion for English, $5; French and Latin, one or both, $7. The Whig, in commenting upon a notice that Caleb Gushing was to lecture before the Bangor Lyceum, won- * Mr.- Baker aftenvard went' to Boston and became a professor of music. He was very popular and successful. Many years afterward he was employed to direct the Penobscot Musical Association repeated- ly. No bass voice for sweetness, smoothness, and compass, was superior to his. 670 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. dered if there was any such thing as a l)ceum in Ban- gor. Literature, it was of opinion, found its votaries here solely among the ladies and mechanics. It com- plained that it had not more followers; it could not have better. "Temperance and other moral societies," it said, "may rudely stop the current of vice, while literary societies will gently and effectually turn it, by engaging the time and attention of many whose leisure would otherwise make them liable to be led astray." The friends of Captain S. H. Howes were much elated that the Steamer Bangor made a trip from Boston to Portland — wharf to wharf — in nine hours and twenty- six minutes. Anthracite was suggested by the Whig to be "an ex- cellent article for family or office fuel," and might be found at Gerrish & Co.'s, in this city, "broken into a con- venient size and neatly packed in barrels." The Whig further suggested that it was erroneously called anthracite coal. Bangon received an occasional notice abroad. A cor- respondent of the Boston Transcript said : The society is heterogeneous. There is no esprit de corps, or, perhaps, I- may say, no genius loci — no Bangorism. It is only a collection of Yankee Ishmaelites — every man fighting on his own hook, and only mingling with his neighbors, or with some of them, accidentally, as he happens to find the capacity in them to help him push forward to some enterprise in which he has taken or wishes' to take stock — a canal to Rutland [Pushaw ?] Pond, or a railroad to Orono, or a new hotel, or a new meeting-house, or a new steamboat. The best hotel in the State, to say the least — a perfect Tremont — has been put up since I w,»s here last year. So has one of the largest churches; so has a new bridge. The latter, by the way, is the most public-spirited thing of the kind I have seen — done by two merchants, Messrs. Smith. Private spirit abounds here, as well as elsewhere, so amply that it needs no record or eulogy; but an instance of a different character, so honorable as this, is too much one of the wonders of the times to be passed without a compliment. The bridge referred to was the Central, next above the Kenduskeag. It was built by Samuel and Edward Smith, merchants and bold speculators, who made and lost several fortunes, and at last died in distant parts of the country poor men. The bridge was a necessity, and probably a greater benefit to the public the time it was built, than to the builders. That it has been indis- pensable ever since, there can be no question. The hotel, of course, was the Bangor House, and the church the Hammond Street. John Hodsdon was Land Agent at this time, and offered for sale the interest of Maine and Massachusetts in Shad Island, Pine Island, and Island No. Six, and a ledge between Oldtown Island and Shad Island, reserv- ing the fishing privileges of the Penobscot Indians. Mr. Charles Taylor and Mr. Nahum H. Wood several- ly taught private select schools, in which pupils were in- structed in the higher branches. This was the hop year of Penobscot. On one day in October twenty loads, each averaging about fourteen bales, came into Bangor from the western part of the county. The quantity of this product excited surprise. The raising of it did not continue profitable, and it was abandoned. Three banks in the city made semi-annual dividends, October 6, as follow: Commercial, 5 per cent.; Kenduskeag, 4 per cent.; Mercantile, 4 per cent. Stock of these banks was pur- chased — of the Commercial, 294 shares, at$ii5 per share; 80, at $120; 20, at $110; 35, at $112; 40, at $119; 20, at $i37>^; 5, at $150; Kenduskeag, no shares, at $110; Mercantile, 50 shares, at $110. The officers of the Commercial were Henry Warren, President; Samuel Smith, Amos Davis, John Fiske, and Thomas Burton, of Warren, Directors; Edward Richard- son, Cashier. There were forty lawyers in the city and one thousand cases upon the docket of the Court of Common Pleas alone. Lamps were placed at the corners of the most crowded streets this season. Every few years some interest was manifested in regard to the improvement of the Penobscot -Indians. Acer- respondent of the Boston Courier gave his views, declar- ing that their religion — the Roman Catholic — never did and never would raise a people from degradation; that foreign priests, such as they had, could not benefit them; that they must be under New England teachers, who had a heart in the work, and referred to Rev. Mr. Wells, of Boston, as a man competent to do them good; that the Roman Catholic influence must be done away, for they could " never rise with the mill-stone weight of priest- craft about their necks. Never." He proceeds: They inhabit an island containing about three hundred acres of rich and productive soil — around it flow the waters of the broad and beau- tiful Penobscot. The country around is rapidly settling, and already two prosperous villages (I might add equal to some of the best in Massachusetts) encircle them ^s'ithin a stone's throw. And look upon that island — not a single foot of earth upon it bears upon its bosoin a cultivated plant — the rank and profitless weed grows around their wretched abodes — a fit emblem of the neglected soil. 1 deny not that there is a church where they can kneel. I dispute not that they have a Latin mass and kiss a rosary or a small relic ; I declare not that there is no school-house, where a few scholars may occasionally learn the veri- est trifle of knowledge. But I do say that nothing more has been effected. The Rev. Mr. Brewer, now a missionary in Greece, four or five years since [twelve years] labored two months upon this island, but was compelled to leave on account of ill-health, and his influence was also counteracted by Roman influence, which is great, yet he did more than was ever done before, and many of the Indians became attached to him. The editor of the Whig was of opinion that the In- dians were incapable of improvement, and asked, "Is there any single tribe of the aborigines scattered over our broad territory' which has made any advances in improvement?" These Penobscots, 'Miving in the midst of refinement, still retain their original distinctness — within sight of a beautiful and populous village, they still cling to their barren island and their filthy wigwams." He was "far from discouraging any plan that might tend to elevate their morals and happiness," yet he would not "have the Catholic influence over them done away by a law of the State. It is the religion of their fathers, the religion which Ralle taught them — let us leave them the enjoyment of that. It is true that their condition is miserable if there is not another world, yet, paradox though it seern, they are happy." Some one, not altogether prejudiced against the influ- ences controlling these Indians, suggested that last sum- mer a Protestant Indian preacher of the Marshpee HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 671 tribe lectured in three of the churches in Bangor, and then visited Oldtown. On his return he stated publicly to a large assembly that "the condition of the Indians at Oldtown was infinitely better than that of his own tribe." The writer adds: "The Marshpee tribe, it is well known, is under Protestant influence. Now, would any Christian be willing to tear away from the Indians their beloved priest?" This writer had not the ability to reconcile Protestants and Catholics. The correspondent of the Transcript does not appear to have been remarkably reliable. He stated that one firm in this city had fitted out eighty teams at an expense of $16,000, and was corrected by the statement that the "real cost of outfits for such a number of teams would be about $240,000." The Directors of the Mercantile Bank were John Hodsdon (President), Cyrus Goss, Waldo T. Pierce, Amos M. Roberts, Willis Patten, Samuel Veazie, Samuel Parrar (Cashier), Samuel Harris. . The Directors of the Kenduskeag Bank • John Wil- kins (President), Joseph R. Lumbert, George W. Pick- ering, Abner Taylor (Cashier), Theodore S. Dodd. The discovery of bituminous coal in Hancock county was announced. Mr. McFarlane found a piece that would burn, and purchased the land upon which it was found. He then made an excavation two or three feet deep, and found a quantity of coal which would ignite and burn freely on the flame of a candle being applied to it. It resembled Liverpool coal in its appearance and srliell. The locaUty of this discovery is about three miles east- ward of the village of Bluehill, upon or in the region of the farm of Mr. James Means. The editor of the Han- cock Advertiser said that no doubt could be entertained that, if coal existed in any quantity, it was the founda- tion of the quarry on that farm. The editor of the Ban- gor Whig said that he had seen a piece of the coal rep- resented to have been found in the place described, and it freely ignited in the flame of a candle. The discovery does not appear to have been followed up. It is not improbable that among the throngs of mineral hunters about Bluehill, at some time there may be persons who will investigate the coal theory that Mr. McFarlane inaugurated. The fertility of the soil at Houlton began to be talked about. A correspondent said: "A man who measures six feet in height relates that he has stood in his field of oats this season, and one of his neighbors has tied them in a knot over his head." The County Temperance Society, at a meeting in this city in October, took strong ground against the trafiSc in ardent spirits ; against the friends of temperance allow- ing them to be transported in their vessels or sold on their premises, or being partners in any concern that is connected with the trafific ; asserting that all laws sanc- tioning such traffic were morally wrong, had a destructive influence on public morals and national prosperity, and that, from facts before the community, the friends of temperance had reason to presume that what was sold in shops as wine was not wine, but an adulterated alcoholic mixture, and that they were bound by their pledge to ab- stain from all such mixtures as drinks. Rev. Thomas Williams was President of this society, and E. Dudley and Albert G. Wakefield Secretaries. Teetotalism had begun to be agitated. On October ist the Bangor Savings Institution, which commenced operation April 10, 1833, with Amos Patten, President; John Wilkins, T. A. Hill, James Crosby, Vice- Presidents; George W. Pickering, Jacob McGaw, George Starrett, Tiiomas F. Hatch, John Fiske, Thomas Drew, Nathan B. Wiggin, and Benjamin Nourse, Trustees; and William Rice, Secretary, reported that the deposits had amounted to $1,998; interest, $37.15; amount with- drawn, $1,052. Francis O. J. Smith, Democrat, was elected Repre- sentative to Congress from Cumberland district ; George Evans, Whig, from Kennebec ; Gorham Parks, Demo- crat, Penobscot — his vote was 6,192 to Edward Kent's 4,831, and 14s scattering; Leonard Jarvis, Democrat, Hancock, by 3,742 votes to Elijah L. Hamlin's 3,417, and 216 scattering. Nathan Weston, of Augusta, was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Nicholas Emery, of Portland, Justice. Albert G. Wakefield, of Bangor, was admitted as an attorney. He formed a copartnership with William Abbot. The subject of a watch house was agitated. WiU'am Emerson, 2d, of the watch was getting great noto- riety for catching negroes. There was some dfficulty in finding a place to put them. Rev. Jason Whitman commenced preaching before the Unitarian Society on October 29. Joseph J. Sager was convicted of the murder of his wife by poison, at Augusta. He was defended by Peleg Sprague, whose argument occupied five hours, to which the large audience that filled Rev. Mr. Tappan's meet- ing-house gave breathless attention. " He raised all manner of doubts that human ingenuity could devise, and broke forth towards the close in a strain of the most impassionate and thrilling eloquence, which melted every heart and moistened every eye, save those alone of the prisoner at the bar." Judge Parris charged the jury; Judge Weston pronounced the sentence of death. Nathan Clifford, Attorney-General, and James W. Brad- ford, County Attorney were counsel for the State. Fred- erick Allen and George W. Bachelder were associated with Mr. Sprague in the defense. This year Bangor made rapid advances. The famous "land speculation," which commenced here and per- vaded the country, gave Bangor a start which made it famous. Above four hundred buildings were erected, among them a Roman Cathohc church on Court street, and the Ham matt and Carr block on French street. One of the Brookses, James or Erastus, gave this account Of the town in his correspondence : Buildings are going up yet in all directions, not only in Bangor, but in the whole back country. The hotel is under good way, and will be opened in December or early in January. There is no mistake about this building. The Tremont is as yet its only rival. The caip2ting I3 going down; and judging from what I have seen and heard, it will be as 672 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. elegantly furnished as any hotel in America. It has drawing rooms, many elegant sitting rooms,' a spacious dining room, bathing rooms, and as for the kitchen department, it is the best I have ever seen— I dare' say as good as that at the White House at Washington. The theatre-going people are talking of a thcptre. Tlie people's ideas arc also as magnificent as e\ er. Projects innumerable are afloat, and many of them, I have no doubt, will be put into execution. The activity, en- terprise, and facilities for business are such in this region of the State, that, after all, there is but little exaggeration in what is said about it. The importance attached to the right of suffrage was illustrated by a young man who, the New York Advo- cate said, "had come from Bangoi-, Maine, solely for the purpose of voting," and who voted in the Sixth Ward in that city. Among the projects proposed was one ' by Captain Philip Coombs, to relinquish to the city nine acres of land lying in the rear of Broadway, on condition that the city should "at once enter upon and improve this land for the purpose of a- public common, by surrounding it with double rows of trees, fenced in, with gravel walks between them, and citizens should purchase the lots in the com- mons for the purpose of erecting dwelling houses of brick, and not less than two stories high." The tenure of the judicial office, which was to the age of seventy years, was at this time attacked by the East- ern Republican and defended by the Whig. The subjects of a market-house and paving or macad- amizing the streets were discussed. In December the Bank of Bangor elected its officers: Samuel Veazie, President ; John Barker, James Crosby, George B. Moody, Samuel J. Foster, Directors ; William P. Richardson, Cashier. I. Washburn, Jr., this year opened a law office in Orono. A good-natured, jolly lumberman called at a lawyer's office to settle a claim upon which he had been sued. On being told the amount of the debt he threw down the sum and said, "Now how much is the stumpage ?" The fame of Bangor feached New Orleans this year. The Bulletin thus remarked about it: The city of Bangor, in the State of Maine, is among tlie Eastern wonders of the world. But a few years ago— a very few years— it was but a humble, unimportant village. In 1830 it liad not a population of three thousand, we believe. Now it is supposed to have eight thou- sand inhabitants, and it is the second town in the Stale in population. But a short time ago the country alt around was a wilderness. . Now busy and thiiving villages are opening up in all directions, and "the wilderness is blooming lilcc the rose." A Social Library was opened, with five hundred vol- umes. A Lyceum and Debating Society was organized. Hon. Henry Warren (counsellor at law) was President, Daniel T. Jewett Vice-President, William H. Foster Sec- retary, Solomon Parsons Treasurer The Bangor House was opened on Christmas evening- by Martin G. Wood, proprietor, from Providence, with a sumpfuous feast, which was partaken of by a throng of invited guests. Dr. Enoch Pond said grace. The subject of abolishing the death penalty for mur- der began to beagitated in the State. Tlie Thomaston Republican started the discussion in opposition to the practice. The Bangor Whig defended it. CHAPTER XXVIIL Fortification at Bucksport Narrows Agitated — Privations of Early Settlers — Anecdote— Fire Department — Cold— Senator Sprague Re- signs—Apprentices' School— James Thomas's Plan— Abolition of Court of Common Pleas Agitated— Temperance Delegates— Theo-- logical Seminary — "Mechanic and Farmer" — Religious Services for Lumbermen — Death of William Hammond— Cyrus Hamlin— Jarvis's Challenge of F. O. J. Smith— Ex-Governor Smith Re-ap- . pointed Judge— More Banks Required— Debate on— Timber Land Speculations— Frauds — LyingCeitificates— "Concus"— High School —Allen Gilman Re-elected Mayor— Temperance in the Hands of- the Ladies— A Hoax — McGaw, Allen & Co— Rufus Dwinel and Kenduskealg Bank — Complications about Sale of Townsliip No. 3, Thirteenth Range — Temperance and Hon. Samuel M. Pond— Geo. B. ' Cheever — Broadway Park— Moose— The Lumbermen's Return— City Government— City Officers Elected — Baptist and Unitarian— Firm- bach's Concerts — Bangor & Oldtown Railroad — Eagle's Quill~"Mung News" — Sewers and Side-walks — New Business Men— Poisoned Milk— "Castine"— The Legislature and Molasses— Cattle Suffering; — Reservoir — Corban Society Organized — Concert— Baptist Organ- Oliver J. Shaw— Stillwater Canal— John J. Jerome— Steamer Bangor —Small-pox— Land Speculators— Sale of Lands and Store Lots—' Death of Benjamin Goodwin— Penobscot Freeman in Trouble— "Bangor Fever" — Admissions, to Supreme Judicial Court— Com- mission Merchants— Change in Bangor— Death of Martin Kinsley- Concert— Meadow Brook Bridge— Granite Church— Whig .Sold by Rogers to Marchant & Smith— Comments on Bangor— Quarrel about Justice of the Pe ice Commissions— St. John's Church— D.miel • Webster 'Visits Bangor— Hops — Foreign Arriv.ils— Bangor House Trouble— Anti-Abolitiun Mob in Boston— New England Review on Maine— S. S. Southworth, Editor of the Whig— Trial of Spencer—' Capital Punishment— Lieutenant Prentiss's Lecture— 'Various Mat- ' ters. 1835. The Bangor Whig, again commenced agitation, of the subject of a fortification at Bucksport Narrows at the incoming of this year. It said "the most nnportant portion in the whole State, concentrating more, and more itnportant settlernents than any other, with the most extended bay and noblest river, althotigh nature herself had alinost rendered it impregnable, and which needs but little aid from without, is left entirely unpro- tected." The early settlers of the region above Bangor suffered from many privations, and thought they suffered from some that many people in this day would think fortunate privations. An intelligent woman, who had been a teacher in one community, and afterward a missionary atnong the Western Indians, when in Bangor this. year gave some account of the beginning of that comtnunity twenty years before. Two men, with their wives, settled about a mile apart in the very depths of the forest, about sixty miles from Bangor, in the first or second decade of the century. Apprehending danger from Indians, from wolves and . wild beasts, they each procured a horn to sound when assistance should be required. One of them, liowever, was overfond of another kind of 'horn,' in which he could not often indulge. One day the more abstemious neighbor was taken ill at his work, and went home, and put himself under tiie care of his wife. It was a cold, blustering day, and the good wotiian had made a com- fortable fire, and just got her husband into a sweat and a comfortable doze before it, when they were startled by a blast of the horn. The good man sprang to his feet in an instant, and notwithstanding the protestations of his wife that it would be the "death of him," started off. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 673 She would not suffer him to go alone, however; their neighbor must not fall a sacrifice to Indians or wolves, and they make no sign. Before they reached the house, they heard alarming vociferations, and hurried their pace. On entering the house, what a scene presented itself! There were the householder and his wife making the welkin ring over a jug of New England rum, which they had procured in some wonderful way, and after indulging sufficiently to make them happy, felt it their duty to blow the horn for their neighbors to come and fight that Indian with them ! The Fire Department, although not extensive, was pretty well managed. It was under Ebenezer French, Esq., Chief Engineer. He was a very efficient officer, and took pride in his position. A fire occurred in a building -belonging to Messrs. Hinckley & Egery, foun- ders. Mr. French was there before the engines arrived, and pressing thirty or forty persons into the service, he piled the snow upon the fire so plentifully that the en- gines had little to do. Some one inquired if there was much danger. "Oh, no," was the reply, "Eben French put it out before the engines got there!" Whereupon the Whig enthusiastically remarked : "We have been near Mr. French on these occasions, and no Newfound- land dog is more at home in the water than this gentle- man appears to be in the midst of the raging element." Messrs. Hinckley & Egery received much commenda- tion for handsomely rewarding the city watchman who discovered the fire. Along the first days of January the cold was intense. The mercury at one time congealed. It was from forty to forty-two below zero. In Boston the harbor was frozen over below the fort. The Penobscot Bay was frozen over from Belfast to Castine. Peleg Sprague, United States Senator from Maine, re- signed his seat in Congress. The School Committee established a school in Jan- uary, exclusively for apprentices and boys. Captain James Thomas, for whom Thomas's Hill was named, and who had once been the proprietor of it, was at this time in trouble about a plan of certain house-lots which he and Captain Charles Thomas, of the United States Army, had caused to be surveyed by General Joseph Treat, and sold in June, 1831. He went to Washington soon afterward, and on his return this year could neither find his plan nor a record of it, whereupon he made the complaint public that he had made arrange- ments with the United States Captain Thomas to have the plan recorded; that he did not; that on calling upon him for it he said he had lent it to John C. Dexter, a purchaser of some of the lots; that he called on Dexter, and Dex- ter said he had lent it to Thomas F. Hatch, who was at one time an Assessor of Bangor ; that he called on Hatch, and Hatch said he thought the Selectmen might have mislaid it among other town papers. He took this method to recover the plan and to let the purchasers of the lots know that if they had trouble about the lots in consequence of the loss of the plan, he was not in fault. The question of abolishing the Court of Common Pleas began to be agitated. Complaint was made of 85 slowness of that very upright judge, Perham. There were one thousand or more actions upon the docket; his court had been in session from the 6th to the 2 2d of January, and had not disposed of one-sixth of the busi- ness! The Whig thought the abolition might make the system infinitely worse, but one thing was pretty sure, it "would strike at the foundation of the means of livelihood of the vast majority of those who call them- . selves lawyers in our land. We mean the mere collectors of debts, by means of that instrument called a writ, who turn pale at the very sound of a defense, and who, creep- ing under the protection of a lawyer, shrinks into insignifi- cance when the action which he has brought into court resolves itself into a question of law." The following named gentlemen were appointed by the City Temperance Society delegates to attend the meet- ing of the State Temperance Society at Augusta on the 4th of February: John Godfrey, James Crosby, Edward Kent, T. A. Hill, William D. Williamson, Henry Call, Joseph Brown, Amos Patten, Charles A. Stackpole, Do- minicus Parker, Joseph C. Lovejoy, John Ham, Joel Hills, Samuel Garnsey, J. A. Poor, Jacob Drummond, Buchan Haskins, Zebulon S. Patten, John Fiske, John Barker, Asa Walker, Jr., N. G. Norcross, J. R. Greenough, Thomas Drew, and Samuel Sylvester. The Theological Seminary had this year sixty-seven students — twenty-seven in the theological department and forty in the classical. The first number of the Mechanic and Farmer, a weekly newspaper, edited by John S. Sayward, made its appearance on the 6th of February. It was published in the interests of the mechanics and farmers of the city and region. On February 6th an initiatory meeting was held at the Baptist Chapel on Harlow street for the formation of a society to supply the lumbermen of the Penobscot Val- ley with religious services during the period they were in the woods in the lumbering season. It was called the Lumber Missionary Society. The committee of manage- ment were Rev. Thomas Curtis, Jacob McGaw, and Jo- seph W. Mason. Secretary Samuel Garnsey, Treasurer Oliver J. Shaw. William Hammond, an old citizen, originally from Newton, Massachusetts, died the first week in January at the age of sixty-three. On the 17th of February Cyrus Hamlin,* a student of the Theological Seminary, lectured upon " The erroneous views of past ages relative to Natural and Mechanical Philosophy." His lecture was highly complimented. The public was a little excited at this time by a report from Washington that Leonard Jarvis, Representative in Congress from the Washington District, challenged F. O. J. Smith, Representative from the Cumberland District, to fight a duel; that Smith declined to fight Jarvis be- cause " he considered Jarvis no gentleman." The bearer of the challenge, Lytle, of Ohio, in compliance with the code of the duel, challenged Smith,- but Smith declined * Mr. Hamlin is now President of Middlebnry College. Has been President of a college in Turkey and a Professor of the Bangor Theo- logical Seminary. 674 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. on the ground that he had never injured Lytle; where- upon Mr. Jarvis posted F. O. J. Smith as " most emphat- ically a Liar, a Scoundrel, a Coward ;" and the effect was about like the "falling of water on a goose's back." Ex-Governor Samuel E. Smith was reappointed to the Judgeship of the Court of Common Pleas, from which he was taken for Governor, in place of John Ruggles, elected United States Senator. A great sale of timber lands -was announced. It was ■ considered remarkable that Township No. 3, Rangers, should have sold for $3.25 per acre. The purchasers were (it was said) Atnos M. Roberts, William Emerson, and Isaac Farrar, all of Bangor. Applications were made to the Legislature this year for the charter of the Franklin (Eastern), Lafayette & People's Bank and the City Bank, in the city of Bangor. There was a seeming necessity for more currency in the city at this time. Speculators were here in large num- bers. Transactions in land were frequent and immense. A great hegira from all parts of the country was made into Bangor. Business of all kinds had increased. Many had the reputation of having suddenly become wealthy. Many more were stimulated by this to make great efforts to become so. There was not money enough for the transaction of business. It was thought that that might be obtained through the incorporation of new banks; and perhaps some saw their way to wealth clear, through new banks which had no visible means of support. There were clear-headed men in the Legislature who well understood to what this increase of bank currency would lead. The Representative from Bangor, Mr. Henry Call, was not, however, one of these. He could not see any danger of overtrading in Bangor, or that ex- travagance particularly abounded there. But Messrs. Curtis, of Freedom, Barnard, Washburn, and Dumont, of Hallowelt, were not under the influence of the excitement upori the Penobscot. In the debate, on motion of Mr. Curtis to postpone the question of in- corporating the City Bank until the ist of July, Mr. Washburn thought there was a strong disposition at Ban- gor to overtrade and run into extravagance, which the business of the place could not support; that the dockets of the courts were evidence of this, which groaned under their burthens, the bills of cost being estimated at $100,- 000 a year. People from that city had the modesty to ask to be allowed to issue bills of credit to the amount of $600,000 beyond what the existing banks might issue, and in two adjoining towns the privilege of issuing bills to the amount of $150,000 was asked for, and if all were granted the banks in the county of Penobscot would have authority to issue bills to the amount of $1,350,000. Mr. Washburn then said that, with $50,000 in specie, the six banks reported for Penobscot county, with a cap- ital of $500,000, might be put in operation— only fifty per cent, in gold and silver to be paid in before discounts were permitted. They were not required to go into op- eration on the same day. The City Bank would give no- tice that fifty per centum of its capital must be paid in on Monday. The specie would be borrowed from the older banks in operation. On Monday "the committee appointed by the Governor and Council would count the money and make oath that fifty per centum of the capi- tal stock was actually paid in gold and silver. On Tues- day the same specie might find its way to the Franklin (Eastern) Bank, and the same farce begone through with there. On Wednesday to the Lafayette Bank, on Thursday to the People's Bank, on Friday to the Penob- scot Bank, and on Saturday to the Stillwater Canal Bank." On Monday, perhaps, the specie would be on its way back to the banks from which it originally came. If every lawyer's, office in Bangor were converted into a banking-house, it would not increase the wealth or cap- ital of the city. It might enable the lawyers to carry on "the business of shaving on a large scale; " and there was reason to apprehend that the banks contributed to the multiplicity of suits. Discounts were made freely, busi- ness was overdone, the time of payment came, and the money had not come back with which to pay the banks. He referred to the Wiscasset Bank, where the inhabitants were running into the same extravagances they were run- ning into in Bangor, and to the losses that were sustained by the failure of that bank. He referred also to the Eastport Bank and the Castine Bank, which took great pains to circulate their bills in the country when they were about to fail, but would not undertake to say that their directors had anything to do with it. All the banks were incorporated and put in operation; but not one of them, excepting the FrankUn (or the East- ern), of which Amos M. Roberts was President, was in existence many years afterward. In the discussion above, Mr. Dumont, of Hallowell, explained how banks took extravagant interest. An ap- plicant for money must have it. His necessities were imperious. The bank had discounted to the extent of its ability, the director says, "but if you must have it, to oblige you I will let you have a draft on Boston at sixty days for 2^ per cent.; but it will be a great damage to us to let you have the money even at that rate." In the winter of 1832-33 commenced the speculation in timber land, which resulted in fortunes to a few, but in disaster to many. Those lands had previously borne a very low price in the market. Some large sales at- tracted attention, and business men became satisfied that money was to be made in transactions in those lands. They discussed their value everywhere. Amos Davis, Samuel Smith, and other bold speculators, obtamed the refusal of lands from the owners by bonds, in which the owners contracted that if within such a time a certain sum — say a quarter of the sum required for the whole purchase — were paid in cash and security given by mort- gage of the premises for payment of the rest in one, two, three, and, perhaps, four years, a deed should be given. The lands were valued at from say twenty-five cents to a dollar an acre, and any quantity from one hundred acres to a township of 22,040 acres, excluding the one thou- sand acres reserved for school purposes, were thus bonded. The bonds were obtained by all sorts of oper- ators, who would get some sort of an estimate and plan by a pretended or actual surveyor or explorer, and go into the market and make a sale to some other specula- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 675 tor for a small advance per acre in cash. The purchaser 1 would then go into the market and perhaps get a small advance also, or he might be disposed to make the pur- i chase of the land actually for an investment. I After the speculation got into full operation, there was ; great ingenuity exercised to effect sales. Men were em- i ployed as explorers to make plans and descriptions of the lands. Surveyors of easy conscience, and pretended surveyors without any conscience, were employed in this business, and plans and descriptions, with the certificates of the explorers as to their correctness, showed fabulous quantities of the best qualities of timber upon tracts so i well watered that the facilities for driving the timber to 1 market were all that could be desired. Consequently j there was a vast deal of swindling in the transactions at last. Such instances as the following were not unusual. A gentleman made a purchase of a township which by : the certificates of men in good standing appeared to con- i tain more than 120,000,000 feet of pine timber. He ! sold it with his warranty that it contained twenty mil- lions. The purchaser sued him on the warranty. He fell back upon the explorer, expecting, of course, to be sustained by his testimony, and took his deposition. This was its substance: " Is this your cerlincate ? " "Yes." "Is it true that there is 120,000,000 of pine timber upon the township." "No." " How much is there ?" "Perhaps there may be two millions." Finding that he had been swindled, he compromised ■ with his purchaser by paying him $4,500. Men often could be found who had their prices, some very large, for these lying certificates, apparently thinking there would be no crime in the transaction until it came to perjury, and probably not then were it not for the prison. Sometimes honest explorers were deceived in regard to the identity of the township, in some way being led to think they were exploring on a certain number, when they were in fact exploring one of a different number. A dollar an acre for lands appears to be a trifling sum to some men who are accustomed only to lands worth a j hundred dollars and upwards an acre; and when they are taken by a keen speculator upon a tract that he wishes | to sell, they are made to see in its timber, its soil, it may ' be in its rocks even, ten times the value that is asked for it and in the excitement of the time he feels that the $20,000 he has paid for a township on the head-waters ' of the Penobscot is invested in that which will make him a landed proprietor to be envied, with resources not likely soon to be exhausted. This speculation in bonds in wild lands extended to bonds of building lots in the town. There was an influx of population which few dreamed would subside. Of course they must have dwelling,and places where to erect them. Many undertook to make their fortunes out of nothing by obtaining bonds of large parcels, dividing them into small lots, and selling or giving bonds of them. One deacon of a cliurch dealt largely in these bonds, and some of his envious neighbors, thinking that he was get- ting rich roo rapidly, intimated that he was not over- scrupulous in his representations, or, at any rate, that he was becoming altogether too much a lover of mammon. This having been reiterated to his pastor until he felt himself obliged to mention it to his deacon, he took oc- casion to allude to his transactions by way of inquiry. " Mr. Pomroy," said he, with a twinkle of the eye and in a tone of some solemnity, " I would that thou wert almost and altogether such as I am, except these bonds." Mr. Pomroy could not go on with the subject, and left his deacon to such satisfaction as he ^could gather from so wittily warping the words of St. Paul. One other genius had laid out a town in the suburbs of Bangor ; had his plans of streets and lots, and made sales to ignorant persons, who, when they came to occu- py, found the tract, to be sure, but the title to it had never passed to their enterprising grantor. But to return to the timber lands. Some were sold as high as $4 an acre, which had the appearance of being covered with excellent growths of timber. On being cut, however, this proved hollow, "concussy," rotten, and un- profitable. To the uninitiated all timber was fair. The initiated could soon tell worthless timber. A concussy knot was evidence to satisfy them. This knot was the root of a decayed limb. Exposed to the weather, its bark would fall off; it then gradually became rotten, the rot would penetrate to the heart of the tree and up and down it. Unprincipled speculators would gel seemingly sound logs out of many of these trees, and the fraud would not be detected until after the timber had passed through several hands and been subjected to the mill saw or the carpenter's axe. After the usual amount of deception and swindling attending such excitements, the people learned the un- profitableness of this kind of speculation, and some re- turned to their old occupations, perhaps not wholly stripped of their means, but somewhat soberer and wiser. Some learned that it was not a sure road to fortune, some were ruined for life, and some, who never had any means or much brains, and had got it into their heads that they were somehow to be enriched if they could only get pos- session of a bond, on finding their capital on the bursting of the bubble exactly as it was before the inflation, threw up their hands in disgust, and went into the next most profitable business — that of mourners for the loss of what they never had. This year the City Council by ordinance established a High School for the education of youth of both sexes. Hon. Allen Oilman was renominated for Mayor by the Whigs, against Levi Bradley, Democrat. In a vote of 715 he was defeated at the first balloting by 82 scatter- ing on March 10, 'but on the 17 th he was elected by a vote of 408 in 762. The question of abstinence from all intoxicating li- quors was thoroughly discussed this year before large audiences in Hammond street vestry. The question of incorporating cider and strong beer into the pledge oc- 676 HiStOfeY OF PfiNOBSCOt COUNTY, MAINE. casioned most controversy, but invariably the vote was to include them. There was meeting after meeting, and after it had been decided over and over again, meetings were called for a reconsideration of the vote, and always with the same result. The ladies took the matter of temperance in hand, not as " women's rights women," but as " females of Ban- gor," and "P. V. McGaw and 758 others" sent a womanly petition to the Legislature, in which they said: We do not know how to approach Legislatprs because we have never presumed to interfere with political matters. We know that in such affairs you are better judges than we. But many of us know how to approach husbands, whom we tenderly love, with entire confidence that the woes we feel or dread will be reUeved, warded off, or shared by us. Others of us have experienced the delight derived from leaning on the manly wisdom, dutiful affection of virtuous sons — others, too, have looked up to affectionate fathers for assistance, with a degree of confi- dence that can only be increased when we look to a heavenly father — and many feel happy in the consideration that our brothers, by their noble virtues, will not only sustain the honor of their families but assist to perpetuate the honor and dignity of the State in which we have the pleasure to live. To such husbands, sons, fathers, and brothers we present this petition. They then entreated the Legislature to manifest their . love of country, and affection for wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters by such enactments as will banish from our houses and our State the reproach and misery which the use of ardent spirits constantly imposes, not only upon its consumers, but upon their innocent children and friends. "The amount of woe," said they, "suf- fered from the tremendous scourge, intemperance, we deem it unnecessary to spread out before you. Its deso- lations are manifest wherever you turn your eye. The best method of removing this calamity we leave to your superior wisdom." The temperance feeling at this time was so strong in the city that the enemies of the cause undertook to create a prejudice against it by posting notices calling on its friends to meet at a certain time and place to nominate a candidate for Mayor. The committees of the two temperance societies of the city felt it incumbent on them to give notice that "an enemy hath done this," in order to prevent " a false impression " and to defeat a scheme " to effect an unworthy object," and to denounce it as a hoax. Hoaxing was fashionable about this time. Some one wrote this note to the editor of the Washington Globe: Friend Blair : I enclose you $iq and wish you to send me extra numbers of your Congressional Globe to this amount, to counteract the progress which the Whigs are making here. Yours, etc., Joshua Carpenter. Inclosed in this note was a $10 bill of the broken "Farmer's Exchange " bank. The extra Globes came, and the postmaster notified Carpenter that his Globes were ly- ing there idle, and at the same time Mr. Blair sent back the letter and bill. The famous Colonel Carper, ter certi- fied on the back of the letter that it was a forgery. How the postmaster and the parties disposed of the Globes and the bill was not made public. A Youth's Temperance Society was organized, Ben- jamin Silsbee, President ; Allen Tupper, Vice-President ; Kufus Upton, Secretary; John M. Prince, Jr., Treasurer; Richard B, Thurston, H. G. O. Morison, R. L. Savage, and the President and Vice-President, ex-ofi[icio Com- mittee. On March 13 the law firm of McGaw, Allen & Poor was formed. Jacob McGaw, Frederick H. Allen, and John A. Poor were the partners. A difificulty occurred at this time between Mr. Rufus Dwinel and the Kenduskeag Bank. Mr. Dwinel was an enterprising merchant of remarkable temper and will. Because of a want of accommodation from the bank he made a war upon it and undertook to break it. It was thought that the war was neither a benefit to the bank, the public, nor Mr. Dwinel. He declared that the public had decided that the bank was the aggressor. He demanded an apology from the Directors, nothing more; admitted that the public had sustained an injury from the war, and said he should persist in his course unless the apology were made. Temporary sidewalks were suggested until brick walks could be had. They were a necessity. The soil of Ban- gor is clayey, and in wet weather the walking was bad in- deed. Notwithstanding the reported sale of Township No. 3, Range 13, to Amos M. Roberts, William Emerson, and Isaac Farrar, at $3.25 an acre, there was complaint that ihere was an improper manipulation regarding it in the Land office; that it was one of the best, if not the best, timbered townships in the State; that it had been fully explored and was run out into square-mile sections with the desire to accommodate small capitahsts and practical lumbermen, but that it was disposed of much below its fair value to favorites through one Henry Warren, a per- son in the employ of the Land Agent. The temperance movement had many enemies. Its advocates were sneered at, and sometimes insulted and abused. Hon. Samuel M. Pond, of Bucksport, a decided man and Secretary of the Maine Temperance Society, was happy that, at one time, his own village had become free of rum-selling stores and taverns; but there had been a reaction and bad men were in the ascendant in taverns and grogshops, and drunkenness became rampant. Mr. Pond, of course, was in disfavor. The rum lovers man- ifested their hate of the good man in scurrilous hand- bills, and by daubing on his law office the word Rum in large characters, thus really helping the reputation of Mr, Pond and disgracing their village. It was about this time that Rev. George B. Cheever and the publishers of the Salem Landmark were indicted for publishing the article "Deacon Giles's Distillery," and that those who assaulted Mr. Cheever were indicted. This year Mr. Ransom Clark conceived the project of Broadway Park. Mr. J. Prescott, civil engineer, made the plan. Lots were laid out around it and sold at good prices. The conditions were that the purchasers should build two-story brick houses. This not done, the lots were, many of them, sold for taxes, and the park contin- ued a common. In March two large moose were seen quietly traveling in the road near Orono, occasionally leaving it for the woods, but coming back to it in consequence of the great depth of snow. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 677 Here is a description from the Whig of the return of the lumber operators of the past winter to Bangor. It maybe taken as a good general description of their return. The lumbermen are returning from their winter quarters, and their de- parture is marked by movements somewhat similar to the breaking-up of a muster or ball. The cattle are brought down in droves and car- ried away to be retitted by food and rest for employment another season. The weary teamsters, with long beards and tattered garmentSr are emerging from the depths of the forest again to breathe the atmos- phere of civilized Hfe, after having been pent up through the dreary winter months, in the camps in the woods. It must be pleasure indeed for them to join their families again, and count their gains while they recount their hardships. In April the Penobscot Indians received this con- temptuous notice from the Whig: "The pleasant weather has brought down these drones, who may be seen in scat- tered groups along the streets. Their appearance in the spring is as much indicative of a change in the seasons as that of other hibernating animals. This month Ransom Clark, George B. Moody, and Edmund L. LeBreton advertised the lots on Broadway Park for sale, and Philip Coombs advertised the lots around the city common. The City Government this year was composed of Mayor, Allen Oilman. Aldermen: Ward i, Henry Call; Ward 2, Moses Pat- ten; Ward 3, William Abbot; Ward 4, John Wilkins; Ward s, John Fiske; Ward 6, John Brown; Ward 7, Samuel Veazie. Common Council : Ward i, Charles Hayes, Jesse Wentworth, Rufus K. Cushing; Ward 2, John Barker, Jonathan C. Taylor, Timothy Crosby; Ward 3, Henry A. Head, Edmund Dole, Samuel Garnsey; Ward 4, John Godfrey, John Sargent, John R. Greenough; Ward 5, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent, Abner R. Hallowell; Ward 6, Franklin Muzzy, Bradford Harlow, Horatio Beals; Ward 7, Samuel Sylvester, Charles Forbes, Mar- cena Johnson. Among the subordinate officers elected were: John S. Sayward, City Clerk; James Crosby, Treasurer; John Ham, StreetCommissioner; William Emerson, second. City Marshal; Edward Kent, City Solicitor and Agent; John Lancey, Collector; John Lancey, City Constable and Messenger; James Crosby, George Starrett, Abner R. Hallowell, Assessors; Rufus K. Cushing, City Physician; Amos Patten, William Abbot, John Barker, Overseers of the Poor. The Baptist Society of Bangor held its services on Sunday, April 25, in the Unitarian church. Mr. F. A. Firmbach, an accomplished musician, gave an instrumental concert of much merit to a Bangor audience. His instruments were the guitar, violin, and flute. He was assisted by the accomplished organist of the First Parish church, Mr. Oliver J. Shaw. Mr. Firm- bach sang one German song. His concert was highly complimented. In May the stock in the Bangor & Oldtown Railroad was partly taken. It was divided into one thousand shares, and it was thought that the cost of the road would be about $250,000. The company was organized July II, on a call by Rufus Dwinel, Ira Wadleigh; and Mil- ford P. Norton, The land speculations in Maine had at this time filled the country with excitement. Men flocked here from all quarters. Glowing accounts of fortunes acquired in an incredibly short space of time had been sent abroad. Communications in the newspapers were of the most ex- citing character and were read with avidity. A "Young Men's Mutual Reform Society" was in operation at this time, holding its meetings in Hammond Street church vestry. The editor of the Whig deemed it important to an- nounce that he was writing on May 14 with a quill taken from the wing of a grey eagle which had been recently shot at Bucksport, by Mr. J. McLaughlin, at a distance of seventy yards, with a pistol the barrel of which was only six inches long. Mr. Henry P. Pratt, of the Calais Gazette, explained to the editor of the Bangor Courier the origin of the "Mung News," which occasioned great excitement about this time. He called on a respectable merchant doing business in St. Stephen, and was assured by him that the brig "Mung" had arrived from Liverpool with goods for him, and that he had received a letter from a merchant at St. Andrews, stating that the brig brought news that the French Chambers had dissolved without making an appropriation for the American claim, and that he had no doubt of its correctness ; but that the letter was "a base and infamous fabrication to enhance the value of English shipping at the expense of American interests." Mr. John Ham, Street Commissioner, on May 16 ad- vertised for two men who are acquainted with road-' making, and "one man acquainted with the use of car- penters' tools, who will be employed in laying down sew- ers and plank sidewalks"! Mr. H. Manning, from New York, advertised that he would instruct "young ladies, misses, and masters in the accomplishments of dancing and waltzing gracefully," and that, "having long been impressed with the belief that attention to manners and morals should form ari im- portant part in the instruction," the strictest attention would be paid to improve the " deportment of the schol- ars." The freshet in the river was unusually high this season. The booms were crowded with logs. The editor of the Whig said : "The dexterity of the drivers, as they are called, is really wonderful ; we saw a raft of timber, with four men upon it, pass through the breach in the mill- dam works yesterday, and it was a glorious sight ! — worth all the theatres, pantomimes, and exhibitions of art in Christendom " ! On May 20 C. & E. D. Godfrey opened a stock of dry goods at 28 Main street; and Samuel Sylvester and Alexander Drummond, as "A. Drummond& Co.," opened a stock of West India and domestic goods at the east end of Kenduskeag Bridge ; G. C. Cargill & Co. advertised " spirits and wines." It was found by Dr. Dickinson that some cases of sick- ness in town, thought to be occasioned by poison, had their origin in the milk of some cows that had eaten de- cayed vegetables. The editor of the Whig, on May 22, gave his knowl- 678 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. edge of Castine (St. Castin). He said that he was " a nobleman [son of a nobleman] who commanded a regi- ment in the south of France [he did not]; was ordered to Quebec about 1690 [1665]; that, for some unknown cause, he came to Penobscot and " married two daugh- ters of Madockawance [one at a time, doubtless], over whom he exercised unlimited control. He constructed a fort upon the "peninsula ;" went to France about 17 12 [1701], and carried with him 200,000 crowns. It is said that he took with him a daughter, who caused much ex- citement in his native country." Richard Thurston opened a commission, and S. G. Hemaway a dry-goods store, on the 2Sth of May. The Portland Advertiser said that the last Maine Leg- islature consumed a hogshead of molasses ! The " cattle up country " were reported this spring as in a suffering condition — those that had not died — mere skeletons, meagre and so weak as scarcely to be able to get out to the grass, just starting. A reservoir was built this year near the First Parish church, and another near Hammond Street church. The Corban Society was organized, to obtain a fund for the education of the indigent. A sacred concert was given at the Unitarian church on May 31. The First Baptist society put a fine organ into their church, from which "rich volumes of sound" were elicited by Mr. Oliver J. Shaw, a master of the instrument. The Stillwater Canal, at Orono, was built. The Eastern Magazine, a monthly, edited by Mr. Car- ter, and published by John S. Carter, appeared in Jan- uary. John J. Jerome made his appearance in the commis- sion business this year. The steamer Bangor brought three hundred passen- gers the first trip in June, and the hotels were more than filled. There was one case of small-pox, not fatal, this season. The Bangor made an excursion to Belfast and Cas- tine on June 9. This vessel was thronged every trip with land speculators. One from Boston was the pur- chaser of the third or fourth bond of the same tract, and. on discovering it, inquired if to sell several bonds to convey the same land at the same time accorded with the prevailing ethics of Bangor ! That class of operators came from the West. At a State land sale, by Head & Pillsbury, at the Ban- gor House, on June 10, No. 6, ninth range, was sold in mile sections. Eighteen sections were sold. The mini- mum valuation of the pine was $3 and' spruce $1 per thousand. The eighteen sections contained 1 1,520 acres; their minimum value, $43,546. They sold for $108,796 — an advance over the minimum of $65,250. Ira Wad- leigh purchased nine sections; Samuel Smith four; Amos ! Davis three; and Jefferson Sinclair two. ! No. I, eighth range, was sold in quarters. Northeast quarter, containing 5,760 acres, put up at a minimum of $3 per acre, sold for $5 ; southeast quarter sold at $3.37 ; northwest at $4.08; southwest at $5.17, to Ira Wadleigh, Amos Davis, Milford P. Norton, and B. H. Cheever. ' West half of No. 5, ninth range, 11,520 acres, sold to Ira Wadleigh for $1.15 — minimum $1. Eleven store lots on Fore street sold for nearly $13,- 000, which a few days before were purchased for $10,000. Benjamin Goodwin, a prominent citizen of Brewer, died June 10, of consumption, aged forty-six. Mary Blake, wife of General Blake, died on the 9th, aged sev- enty-three. The Penobscot Freeman, a newspaper published by Anson Herrick and edited by Asa Walker, Jr., as an anti-Masonic paper, got itself into trouble, first, by accept- ing the poetical effusion of some novice under the pre- tense that it was worthy of publication, and then ridicul- ing it, and next by praising Richard M. Johnson, the candidate of the Democrats for Vice-President, whom the Whigs called the "favorite of the atheists and agrarians." An out-of-the-State visitor wrote from Bangor, June 10, to the Boston Gazette that he defied any man to live in the atmosphere of Bangor twenty-four hours without be- ing infected with the prevailing fever. He would almost imperceptibly find himself the owner of part of a town- ship, and, with little or no effort, a purchaser could be found who would pay him a handsome advance. A re- markable feature of the speculation was that no one who participated in it lost money! Property to the amount of hundreds of thousands of dollars daily changed hands, and every successive purchaser realized a handsome profit. He could not prophecy how it would be in a twelve-month. At the law term of the Supreme Court, John Hodg- don, Frederick H. Allen, E. G. Rawson, Augustus J. Brown, Enoch E. Brown, Charles Gilman, and Abraham Sanborn were admitted as counsellors; John E. Godfrey, Moses L. Appleton, and Hannibal Hamlin as attorneys. D. Parker, William Cutler, and Charles A. Stackpole formed a copartnership as commission merchants, as Parker, Stackpole & Co., May 20. A correspondent of the Portland Advertiser wrote that every thing had changed in Bangor within eight or ten years. Where there was " a little, dirty, insignificant vil- lage, without character and without name, now stands Bangor, which lifts its head in (justly) anticipated great- ness, speaks of- Boston and New York as sisters," and looks down upon lovely Portland as a country cousin. Eight years before it had but few brick buildings ; now it had long ranges of lofty stores, which had as much or more of a city air than anything in Portland. Then there was no communication with the far East, except by a foot-path or batteau ; now there was a four-horse stage daily to Mattawamkeag, and three times a week to Houlton; then "a miserable, rickety, two-horse machine," which plied between Bangor and Oldtown, was succeeded by four and six-horse coaches inconstant communication between those places, and stock in a railroad was taken up and selling above par. When that road should be finished, a steamboat from Oldtown to the Mattawam- keag would be wanted, " and indeed these down-easters already begin to talk about it, and with them to talk is generally to do." Locks and wing-dams would not be necessary to improve the navigation for these people; HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 679 they would be more likely to "get up a boat to run up all the falls and rapids on the route like their own salmon." Surely they would do this if they could build an engine on the plan of the nervous system of one of the citizens (Sam Smith), "who is the very genius of locomotion in- carnate; he is here, there, everywhere, and nowhere all at the same time; breakfasts at home, dining at Port- land, and goes without his supper somewhere between Boston and New York, and before his clerk knows he has been absent, he returns, having sold out a concern just before it all goes over the dam together, and is ever "ripe for a trade," either to sell every thing he has got, or to buy any thing anybody else has to sell ; a real, double-distilled Yankee, with eye-teeth all sound, where every movement seems to say, " Go ahead." He did not know whether he first regarded the motto, " Be sure you're right." Meadow Brook bridge, on Harlow street, this year was built of stone and earth, under the supervision of John Fiske, Esq. A substantial and economical, because permanent, bridge. On June 20th Hon. Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, died at Roxbury, at the age of eighty-one. He was an ardent Whig in the Revolution ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Massachusetts ; was after- wards a Representative, Senator, Councillor, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Maine, and Representa- tive in Congress, and was Judge of Probate in Penobscot county at the age of seventy, when he was barred by his age from holding it longer. Judge Kinsley was born in Bridgwater, Massachusetts, June 2, 1754, "of very respectable parents." The very ingenious Dr. ApoUos Kinsley, of Hartford, Connecticut, was his brother. With the patrimony received from his father's estate he pursued the college course in Harvard, then commenced the study of medicine, but abandoned it for trade and politics. He was a citizen of Hardwick, Worcester county. When a member of the Constitutional Convention. He voted against the Massachusetts Con- stitution because of defects that were afterwards remedied, but supported it cordially after its adoption. He was a member of the General Court almost constantly from either Hardwick or Hampden, in which latter place he resided for more than thirty years towards the close of his life. He was fond of hterature, and produced some speci- mens of poetry which were published and received with favor. He was benevolent and sympathizing — sustained the claims of the soldiers of the Revolution — voted against slavery, and for the encouragement of domestic industry. He was hospitable, of kindly manners, genial, with a fine flow of spirits, enlivening his conversation with anecdotes. After Che close of his business career he united with the Baptist church in Hampden, at the same time assuming the obligation of thorough temper- ance, which he made a part of his Christian profession. His daughter — a beautiful woman — became the wife of Samuel J. Gardner, Esq., of Roxbury, Massachusetts, at whose house he died. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, and Miss Woodward and Mr, Comer, of Boston, on the ist of July regaled our citi- zens at City Hall with a very pleasant concert. "Hark! Apollo Strikes the Lyre," "On the Margin of Fair Zurich's Waters," "The Sea," "Pretty Polly Hopkins," "Chouch and Crow," "Master and Scholar," "Mr. Punchinello," were among the pieces performed. Miss Woodward was delightful in "Fair Zurich," and Comer, although passe as to voice, was as fresh as ever in his old fun. Isaac S. Whitman, Nathan B. Wiggin, John A. French, Edward Kent, and Eben French caused William Abbott, Esq., to call a meeting to organize a company to build a church on the east side of the Kenduskeag. This was to be a church for a second Unitarian society, on Broadway, of granite. It did not get as far as the corner-stone. Shaw & Merrill had their furniture warehouse at No. 8 Mercantile Block. On September 21st William E. P. Rogers sold out his interest in the Whig and Courier to Gamaliel Marchant and Jacob C. Smith. Messrs. Upton — father and son — ^re- tired from the editorship, and Mr. Marchant assumed the conduct of the paper. Bangor was still the subject of comment abroad. A visitor sent ihe Boston Courier his views. There was not perhaps another place in our vast country "which has so completely outstripped all anticipations by its rapid growth," nor one that will in any way compare with it in "the astonishing accumulation of fortunes within a few* years." Men with nothing but industry and enterprise had made large fortunes in a single year. "As you go out into the midst of the busy and driving population, and look upon the bustle, industry, and enterprise which prevail everywhere, you can think of no other description than that 'Bangor is New York in miniature.' Rows of brick stores are going up; public and private edifices are erecting, but the builders were rather capricious in their architectural taste." There were all sorts of orders and disorders, and very many of the buildings were arranged in " admirable disorder." The taste, however, was im- proving. People are here from everywhere. "They do not know each other," he says, "nor do they meddle with each other's matters at all. Strangers, when they come here, continue strangers to a great extent in every rela- tion of life. Nine chances out of ten, when you ride into this city and inquire for some gentleman who has been doing business here for years, if you don't have your patience pretty much used up by the universal reply, that ' I don't know such a man.' " It was a matter of gratulation among newcomers that they had got itito a place where the citizens did not meddle with each other's matters at all. " A state of society," they said, " of all others the most desirable, and the only one which a ra- tional man can enjoy." Commenting upon these views the enthusiastic editor of the Whig said, " The time will come, and that, too, on the right side of fifty years, when Bangor in size, character, architectural taste, and general importance will equal, if not rival, Boston." James Crosby, Stephen S. Crosby, Timothy Crosby, and Horen Mitchell asked the Legislature to set off that 68o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. part of lot thirty-four lying in Hampden, to Bangor, where the other part lay. A drill of military companies in the street on Septem- ber 24th was highly complimented. There were several; those particularly noticed were "a corps of juvenile in- fantry," and a rifle corps under Capt. Samuel P. Button. A curious controversy arose in regard to a Justice of the Peace commission. Henry Warren, of Palmyra, ap- plied for such a commission, and Henry Warren, a "lot- tery-ticket vender," of Bangor, got possession of a com- mission which the friends of the Palmyra Henry said was his. They charged that the Bangor Henry refused to give it up when informed that it belonged to the other Henry, and therefore did not behave honorably. So all thought. The grading of the streets of Bangor was in progress at this time. Paving was suggested, and that would "probably be accomplished all in good time."* The Belfast Journal was enthusiastic about a'railroad from Quebec, the Atlantic terminus of which would be at Belfast. Colonel Long had made a reconnoissance by way of Carritunk Falls, and found that the greatest ele- vation would not exceed two-thirds of a degree in half a mile. Some excitement was occasioned by the report of the murder of one Samuel Perry, of China, a drover, near the "Pumpkin Tavern." Peleg and Francis Hathorn, and Jeremiah Legg, were before the Municipal Court on a charge of murdering him, and were discharged for want of evidence; and well they might have been, for Perry afterwards turned up unmurdered in Massachusetts, al- though the Aldermen offered $100 for the apprehension of the murderer. Charles Hayes, Leonard March, M. P. Norton, R. M. N. Smyth, Allen Haines, and Ransom Clark induced Jonas Cutting, Esq., to issue his warrant for the purjaose of incorporating them as a parish, "agreeably to the Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States." The society was organized, and stock was presently taken up for "St. John's Church." Dr. Shaw established himself in Bangor as a dentist. On the 25th of September Daniel Webster visited Ban- gor on business. At this time his reputation as an orator and statesman was at its height, and the people were anxious to see and hear him. A public meeting was held, and John Wilkins, Henry Hall, Moses Patten, Jacob McGavv, Edward Kent, Samuel J. Foster, Isaac S. Whit- man, Waldo T. Pierce, N. B. Wiggin, E. H. Allen, Wil- liam Abbot, Henry Warren, and M. P. Norton, were ap- pointed a committee to invite him to partake of a public dinner. He accepted the invitation, and the dinner was given to him at the Bangor House on Tuesday, the 28th of September. "Edward Kent, Esq., presided with great ability, and was ably assisted by Messrs. Henry Call, Elisha H. Allen, Henry Warren, John Wilkins, and James Crosby, Esqs." After several sentiments were disposed of, Jacob Mc- Gaw, Esq., responded to a call for a sentiment. He *The first street paving in Bangor was in 188 1, on Exchange street. said that "few men live to iriiddle age and participate in all the great transactions of the times without being exposed to the just censure of the public. But there are some persons who, from deep moral principles and deliberate consideration, added to exalted native powers, properly disciplined, who live above the reach of just rebuke, though not above the mean attacks of malignity and envy. This day this numerous assembly beholds and delights to honor a man of this description;" that he inherited "from a father who fought for the liber- ties of his country that pure spirit which filled the patriots of the American Revolution." Those principles had now become part of the man. " He now stands without a compeer in our nation. Clustering honors now come thick upon him, but have not had the effect to lull to apathy in the lap of indulgence the feelings and the ener- gies of this man — on the contrary, the present visit to Maine gives evidence that he has no wishes other than to be a workingman, and traveling to do good to his fel- low man." (He was in the State attending court, and engaged in a suit at law. His name was at the head of the columns of the Whig as a candidate for the Presi- dency). Mr. McGaw gave as a sentiment; "Our distinguished guest — Hon. Daniel Webster." This disposed of, Elisha H. Allen, Esq., arose "in be- half of the multitude about the house" who wished to hear Mr. Webster. Whereupon he was conducted to the balcony and addressed the assembled thousands. He said, after thanking the company for their manifestations of regard : Having occasion to come into the State on professional business, I have gladly availed myself of the opportunity to visit this city, the growing magnitude and importance of which have recently attracted so much general notice. I am happy to say that I see around me ample proofs of the correctness of those favorable representations which have gone abroad. Your city, gentlemen, has undoubtedly experienced an extraordinary growth ; and it is a growth, I think, which there is reason to hope is not unnatural, or greatly disproportionate to the eminent ad- vantages of the place. It so happened, that, at an early period of my life, I came to this spot, attracted by that favorable position which the slightest glance on the map must satisfy every one that it occupies. It is near- the head of tide-water, on a river which brings to it from the sea a volume of water equal to the demands of the largest vessel of war, and whose branches, uniting here from great distances above, traverse in their course extensive tracts now covered with valuable pro- ductions of the forest, and capable, most of them, of profitable agri- cultural cultivation. But at the period I speak of the time had not come for the proper development and display of these advantages. Neither the place nor the country were then ready. A long course of commercial restriction and embargo and a foreign war were not to be gone through before the local advantages of such a spot could be ex- hibited or enjoyed, or the country could be in a condition to create an active demand for its main products. I believe some twelve or twenty houses were all that Bangor could enumerate when I was in it before; and I remember to have crossed the stream which now divides your locality on some floating logs, for the purpose of visiting a former friend and neighbor* who had just settled here, a gentleman always most respectable and now venerable for his age and his character, whom I have great pleasure in seeing among you to-day in the enjoyment of health and happiness. It is quite obvious, gentlemen, that while the local advantages of a * Luke Wilder, Esq. Mr. Webster had great regard for this gentle- man, and suggested that if there were an artist here he would like to have his portrait painted at his (Mr. Webster's) expense. Mr. McGaw procured the services of Jeremiah P. Hardy, Esq., a promising young artist, to paint the portrait; but Mr. Webster, with his characteristic disregard of personal financial matters, neglected to pay for or take the portr.iit, and it was left upon Mr. McGaw's hands. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 68i noble river and a large surrounding country may be justly considered as the original spring of the present prosperity of the city, the current of this prosperity has, nevertheless, been put in motion, enlarged and impelled, by the general progress of improvement and growth of wealth throughout the whole country. At the period of my former visit there was, of course, neither railroad, nor steamboat, nor canal to favor communication; nor do I recollect that any public or stage-coach came within fifty miles of the town. Mr. Webster then spoke of internal improvement, the objects of the Constitution of the United States, and matters of polity, occupying perhaps half an hour, and closing with — There are some things, however, which the counti-y cannot stand. It cannot stand any shock to civil liberty or any disruption of the Union. Should either of these happen, the vessel of the State will have no lon- ger either steerage or motion. She will lie on the billows iielpless and hopeless, the scorn and contempt of all enemies of free institutions, and an object of indescribable grief to all their friends. And he gave this sentiment : "Civil Liberty : Its only security is in constitutional restraint on political power." After the party returned to the table, the president, Mr. Kent, responded to a call for a sentiment. He said that we this day enjoyed an opportunity that we had long de- sired, that of offering "a simple, but sincere and honest, expression of our respect for the virtues, our admiration of the talents, and our gratitude for the services of our il- lustrious guest. Disregarding all externals, we offer our tribute to the viaii. Some men shine by borrowed or re- flected light; some depend for their power and brilliancy upon their position; change that and they sink into their original obscurity; there are other minds like the sun that shine on in their own inherent and inexhaustible light, which, although it may sometimes be obscured by the mists and fogs that float in the low and dark places of the earth at an immeasurable distance beneath, still shining in its own cahn and exalted sphere, and will soon dissipate the low-born and earthly vapors. While we hope the American people will select this man of our choice for Chief Magistrate of the Nation, we feci that this is not required to place him in the front ranks of men. This station he has already won single-handed and alone. This station is his individual property by right of conquest, and from it he cannot be driven. It was assigned to him by the American people after that memorable contest when he upheld by his single arm the ark of the Constitution, when those to whose custody it was entrusted faltered or fled. I give you — "Our Guest: If his enemies can succeed in prevent- ing his being President of the United States, they never can prevent his being Daniel Webster." The report says: "This eloquent speech of Mr. Kent was received with the greatest approbation, and the ef- fort was equally creditable to the head and heart of its author; that "the festivities of the day passed off in the most brilliant manner ; all were delighted," "and ]NIr. Webster received indisputable assurance that he pos- sessed the hearts and hands of the people of Bangor." Mr. Nichols, the ventriloquist, made his appearance in Bangor about this time and amused the people. E. T. 'Coolidge opened a singing-school. Mr. Wiley, from Dover, New Hampshire, also gave instruction in the same accomplishment. Mr. Harding, the talented artist from Boston, visited Bangor for the purpose of painting portraits. And Mr. S. B. Page came into town in order to aid our citizens in the improvement of their oratorical powers. The steamer Independence, Captain S. H. Howes, arrived at this port on the 8th of October. Sainuel A. Hale, Asa Walker, Jr., and John E. Patten were admitted to practice as attorneys and counsellors in the Court of Common Pleas. Fifty thousand dollars' worth of hops were received from the adjacent country within a few days in Septem- ber and October. On October lo Lord Rosslyn, Colonel Dundas, and Captain Stewart, of the British Royal Guard, arrived at ' the Bangor House and left the next morning for Halifax. On the 4th they had a spree in New York with the Mar- quis of Waterford, broke windows, etc., and were com- mitted to the watch-house, where they spent the night. Bangor was not at this time favored with many side- walks. Complaint was made that in wet weather it was difficult to get up and down Harmon street hill ; the Street Commissioner was appealed to for a few planks at the side of the street by "a mother with nine children and no chance to send them to school." The Mayor having offered a reward of $300 for the dead body of Penny, who was supposed to have been murdered, one Henry Stone, of Boston, brought the live body of Penny to Bangor, with the belief that the reward was for body. Finding his mistake Mr. Stone ac- cused the city government of injustice in not paying him, and appealed to the citizens to pay his expenses. Martin S. Wood, the lessee of the Bangor House, was requested by the Directors to surrender the house to them. Complaints had been made in regard to the management of the hotel. Mr. Wood then addressed the public. He said that he was induced to leave the City Hotel, Providence, Rhode Island, which "was esteemed and celebrated as one of the most splendid houses on this side of the Atlantic — made so by his efforts — and take a lease of the Bangor House, which he did in June, 1834, and went into possession January i, 1835; that the winter business was hard; that with the spring came a vast influx of strangers from almost every section of the United States, and with this great patron- age came "all the difficulties incident to an overflowing business;" that all ^vent on smoothly until July or Au- gust, when some one, dissatisfied with his bill, wrote to the Boston papers deiiouncing the house as "an irregular concern," and accusing Wood " of charging three cents for a common sheet of paper," when the fact was that the gentleman had a sheet of paper that cost two cents and a quill that cost two more, and he was charged with sta- tionery as is usual; that this charge and others equally groundless were "swallowed with avidity by the Direc- tors," who in the middle of September asked him to leave, which he said he was willing to do if they would buy his stock of wines and groceries and pay him $6,000 for his unexpired lease; that this proposition was rejected for the alleged reasons that he had violated the lease by 682 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. keeping an irregular house and altering the fixtures, and that there was no lease, or rather, it was void because 'it had been signed by only Rufus Dwinel— an original director who had quit his "unmanly associates" and sold his interest in the house; that he was then threatened with being "tumbled into the street," and deputy Sheriff Higgins, armed with a "resolution of the Board voting his ejectment," came into the house and presented it; that he (Wood) informed him that he should not regard it, whereupon he retired after telling him that his backers had an armed force of laboring men, who would compel him to leave; that he stood his ground and should until, there was a legal adjudication; that one cause of the complaint of the Directors was that he would not dismiss from his house several intelligent ladies and gentlemen of spotless reputation, who had been "assailed by unpro- voked scandal," but that he had not kept an irregnlar house, and a "majority of the travelling public would sustain him in the avowal that the Bangor House has been kept by me in a style of elegance and sumptuous- ness that is not surpassed by any hotel in the country;" that every artifice that malignity could invent had been resorted to to keep him down. His creditors had been advised to rush in with their demands; but he met them; the Directors who boarded at his house trusted themselves to keep him out of his pay; and that, notwithstanding all, he remained in possession of the house October 9, and it would be conducted with the same ability and zeal "that had before distinguished it." The first regular meeting of the Lyceum was held on the evening of October 20, and a lecture on the Drama was delivered by Francis H. Upton. A view of Bangor, drawn by Wallace and lithographed by Pendleton, was offered for sale this month (October). Mr. Hooper, from Boston, opened a dancing school. T. S. Harthorn opened a cigar manufactory on Ex- change street, at the "sign of the Indian chief" "Free Trade" was the name of the packet that at this time plied between Bangor and Boston; McGrath, mas- ter. On October 21 a hand-bill was posted in Boston an- nouncing that "that infamous foreign scoundrel, Thomp- son," would hold forth that afternoon at the Liberator office; that it would be a fair ooportunity to "snake him out;" it would be a contest between the Abolitionists and the friends of the Union; that $100 had been raised to reward the individual who should "first lay violent hands on him, so that he may be brought to the tar- kettle before dark." A mob appeared; George Thompson did not. The Mayor asked the mob to disperse ; tbey did not, but raised a cry for Garrison, the editor of the Liberator, and finding him in a carpenter's shop in Wilson's lane, where he had gone for safety, the crowd were proceeding with him towards the tar-kettle, when he was rescued by the Mayor and hurried off to Seventh street gaol for safe- keeping. That mob of gentlemen (?) did not hear the last of that while they were living. On the day of the mob in Boston four hundred Aboli- tion delegates assembled in one of the churches in Utica, New York, and were attacked by a mob of a thousand persons, who, with fire-hooks, ladders, and ropes, proceeded to demolish the building. The delegates were together about half an hour, in which time they or- ganized a State society, and adopted a constitution. On being disturbed, they adjourned to a neighboring house to finish their business, and were followed by a mob headed by Haydon, the first judge of the county, and Beardsley, a member of Congress, determined to inter- rupt the proceedings. Of the railroad to Augusta the Whig said: "Chimerical as the project may appear^ it is nevertheless certain that the subject is now fairly before the public, and is receiv- ing a great deal of attention from men able to complete the undertaking." About this time the Thompson excitement having reached Bangor, there was a public meeting at the City Hall, to give to such as desired an opportunity to vent their indignation against George Thompson and the Abolition movement generally. Mr. McGaw, Mr. Jewett, Captain Samuel Lowder,and Samuel Upton, Esq., made characteristic speeches. The tone was anti-Thomp- son, anti-Abohtion, anti-"silly-women," and pro-slavery. Some of the speakers were cheered to the echo. Mr. Thompson did not make his appearance. But some- how the Abolition mill kept grinding, notwithstanding the meeting, and probably a majority of the actors in the course of time were drawn into the hopper, and came out in the end "original Abohtionists." The New England Review, in its notice of Maine at this time, says: The principal tributaries of the Penobscot are the Metawamlieag, Sabscahegan, Madunlcunlc, Kenduskeag, etc., which water an extensive tract pf country. At the head of tide-water, sixty miles from the At- lantic, and thirty from the head of Penobscot Bay, is the city of Bangor, which is the natural centre, and must be the depot of its productions and most of its exchange? Timber is the great staple commodity of the State. The quantity manufactured is astonishing. Boards are assorted into four qualities, and number from one to four. The present prices at Bangor are No. i, $23.00 per thousand; No. 2, $20.00; No. 3, $13.00; No. 4, $8.00. Shingles are of two qualities, i and 2. The present prices of the former is $4.00, and the latter, $3.50, The speculation in Maine lands is not mete humbug or moonshine. It is a regular business transaction, and as easily stated in proBt and loss account as any transaction whatever. If you ever think of making your fortune in buying Eastern lands, let us give you a hint which will be of service to you — be more careful about the quantity of timber and the facilities for getting it off than the price of the land. Poor lands are always sold for more than they are worth , and good lands for much less than their intrinsic value. S. S. Southworth was at this time editor of the Whig and Courier. Mr. Ford commenced a series of lectures on astronomy November 4th. The county road through Hermop, Newburg, and Dixmont was completed about this time and made the main stage road. The trial of Isaac Spencer for the murder of Reuben McPhetres commenced on November 5th, before the Supreme Judicial Court, in the Baptist meeting-house. Chief Justice Weston and Judge Emery presided ; Al- bert G. Jewett, County Attorney, and Nathan Clifford, Attorney-General, appeared in behalf of the State, and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 683 Jonathan P. Rogers and ex-Judge Mellen for the pris- oner; and as the occasion was extraordinary, General Hodsdon, the Clerk, appeared in small clothes. The galleries were occupied by the ladies. The trial occu- pied three days. The verdict was guilty. The prisoner was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life. There was a question in re- gard to his sanity or moral responsibility. He after- ward became a maniac, and died in prison. The "old Town Pump" that had stood "time out of mind" in Mercantile Square, was removed this year. The Maine Anti-Slavery Society held a meeting at Brunswick on October 28th. Sixteen persons, ten of whom were clergymen, took part in the proceedings. Rev. Messrs. Pomroy, of Bangor; Lewis, of Brewer; and Thornton, of Winthrop, were of the number. One thousand men were at work on the Bangor & Oldtown Railroad. Daniel P. Wood advertised boots and shoes for sale at the corner of Main and Hammond streets, and George K. Jewett & Co. advertised dry goods, groceries, and hardware at 7 Main street. This year the information was received that the Vigi- lance Committee, Parish of East Feliciana, Louisiana, offered a reward of $50,000 for the delivery to them of "the notorious abolitionist, Arthur Tappan, of New York." Abner Kneeland was convicted of blasphemy, in Bos- ton, on the fourth trial. T. A. & J. C. White advertised woolen goods at 16 Main street. On November nth Mr. S. S. South worth, editor of the Whig, in a note apologizing for his absence, remarked that "he entertained the most profound respect for the people of Bangor and the patrons of the Whig and Courier." The Portland Advertiser suggested the idea of steam communication between England and Boston by way of Bangor. The Whig said "we shall be satisfied with noth- ing short of a railroad from the British Dominions through this city to Boston." In this year the subject of the abolition of capital punishment was agitated in the State. At the session of the Legislature in 1835 a joint select committee made a lengthy report on a memorial of the Friends of Vassal- boro for the abolition of the death penalty, which was published in the Daily Whig and Courier of November 23, 183s, in which the committee professed to be con- vinced of the truth of the following propositions : First — The Scripture imposes no obligation for the continuance of capital punishment. Second — The spirit of the Gospel clearly forbids any punishment based on a spirit of revenge. Third — Government has no moral right to take life unless the public safety clearly demands it. Fourth — The public safety in this State does not de- mand it in a time of peace. They, therefore, reported a bill in conformity there- with, except in cases of treason which, after three several readings was referred to the next Legislature. A concert of sacred music was given at the Methodist church, at the corner of Union and Independent streets, on Wednesday evening, November 25th, under the direc- tion of Samuel Eastman, Esq. The programme em- braced sixteen pieces, the last of which was the "Grand Hallelujah Chorus." Captain W. S. Hunter and Master W. S. Hunter gave a concert of vocal and instrumental music at Smith's Hall on the same evening. A Bangor man proposed this year that Maine and Massachusetts appropriate public lands for a fund for a railroad from Mattawamkeag to the boundary, to meet a line of railroad and steamboat communication through the Provinces, which was to connect with a line of British packets which it was supposed the British Government contemplated establishing between Canso and the West of Ireland. This enthusiastic Bangorean thought that the consequence of the establishment of this line of travel would be to "fix a great amount of manufacturing capital in Maine." Foreigners who were landed at New York would take this route, and would "see much to invite them to stop and settle " in Maine. Dr. F. P. Theobald, :M. D., established himself in Bangor. November 27 th, John S. Say ward delivered a lecture before the Mechanic Association on the "Cause, Ten- dency, and Cure of Radical Opinions." Joseph Bryant removed from Castine to Bangor, and established himself as a general commission merchant this month. The extensive lumber house of Cram, Dutton & Co. assigned to Waldo T. Pierce and Samuel Smith for the benefit of their creditors. Jacob Drummond and seven others prepared a law to prohibit the running of any lumber down Kenduskeag Stream more than twenty-eight feet in length. Mr. Drum- mond was the proprietor of the lower mills on the Stream. Ephraim Moulton advertised a large stock of groceries, among which were liquors of all kinds. The Bangor I'emperance Association was in vigorous operation. The "City High School" went into operation this year. The anti-slavery agitation was increasing. Dr. Detn- ming wrote an essay against slavery. Governor McDufifie, of South Carolina, in his annual message denounced this agitation in the Northern States, and enlarged upon the horrors of amalgamation. " Domestic slavery," he said, "instead of being a political evil, is the corner-stone of our republican edifice." The Fuel Society to relieve the destitute was organized December 12. Executive Committee: Moses Patten, Dr. R. K. Gushing, Edmund Dole, John R. Greenough, Benjamin Nourse, John Ham, Joseph W. Mason. Mount Hope Cemetery Corporation was organized. Joshua Abbe and HoUis Bowman established them- selves in the English, domestic, and West India goods business this month. Lieutenant Henry E. Prentiss, late of the United 684 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. States Army, lectured before the Lyceum on " Our Means of National Defense." He thought our navy dispropor- tioned to the wants of our commerce, and our army of 6,000 men inadequate to our necessities, com- posed, as it was, of the most worthless foreigners and few Americans. Our fortifications were rather for show than use. The Military Academy was highly useful. The military pre-eminence of the nation was not desirable. We must be "content to yield the laurel to more despotic governments." December 17th Reuben R. Stetson married Charlotte T. Herrick, daughter of General Jedediah Herrick, all of Hampden. Cyrus Emery, Isaiah Stetson, and George Stetson con- nected themselves in business this month as Emery, Stet- son & Company. The news reached Bangor of the great fire of Wall street, New York, that destroyed property to the amount of fourteen or twenty millions of dollars. The cold was so extreme that the firemen could scarcely work, and the hose froze rapidly; consequently it was impossible to arrest the flames except by blowing up buildings with gunpowder. December 23d. The Lyceum discussed the " expedi- ency of the course pursued by the Abolitionists." The Theological Seminary this year procured a sub- scription of $100,000 for its permanent endowment. The misfortune was that but a small part of it was realized. Philip Coombs, Esq., of Bangor, subscribed $16,666.66. General William Henry Harrison's name was used by the Whigs in connection with the Presidency. John Tyler was named for the Vice-Presidency. The Eastern Magazine, edited by Mr. Carter, had a respectable position among the periodicals. CHAPTER XXIX. Washington Monument Meeting— Sleigh-ride Accident— Juvenile Con- cert—Temperance Association— First Steim-mill— Teacliers' .Associa- tion— Steamer Bangor— "Bangorcnn"— School Grievance— New Post- office— Market-liouse Project— Judge Stetson— Soldiers from Houlton —Temperance Hotel— Lyceum Debate— Universalist Meeting-house Contemplated— Second Unitarian Meeting-house Contemplated— Cyrus Hamlinjs Address— Bay Frozen— Amos M. Roberts Nomi- nated for Mayor— Edward Kent Nominated— Peter Edes— Receipts and Expenditures in 1835-36— City Government— Bangor House Difficulty— Business-Orphan Asylum-J, P. Hardy— Wooden Build, ings— Fire Department— Surplus Revenue— Sale of Lands and Per- mits— Mt. Hope Cemetery Dedicated— State Bank Proposed— Ben- jamin Bussey, Esq., and Bells-Bank War-Bank Difficulty— Globe Bank— Rotation in Office— Theatre— Money Pressure— Bangor, a Homily— Market-house— Lyceum— Captain Luke Wilder— Carpen- ter's Receipt— Credit System— License Laws— Death of Nathaniel Haynes— Deposit Banks. 1836. A meeting was held January 2, at which the Mayor, Allen Oilman, presided, John A. Poor being Sec- retary, in behalf of the Washington National Monument Asspciation. A resolution offered by Thomas A Hill declared that it was reserved to this generation " to ex- press and perpetuate our patriotic sense of obligation to the immortal Washington by a monument that shall en- dure to the end of time," and a resolution was offered by Edward Kent commending the object to "our fellow-citi- zens," and a committee of fourteen was appointed to as- sist in advancing the objects of the association. The monurnent was commenced and many thousand dollars expended upon it, then it rested until 1874, when it was suggested that the materials be removed to some other locality. The structure was declared an abortion. On New- Year's day a party with thirty sleighs went to Frankfort. Near the bridge in Hampden one of the horses became frightened, upset the sleigh, ran off the bank, and was killed. The sleigh was destroyed. The gentleman and lady escaped with their lives. On January 7 there was a juvenile concert at Ham- mond Street church, under the direction of E. T. Cool- idge, the organist of that church. The class was highly complimented. The Bangor Temperance Association was actively en- gaged in collecting facts in relation to the use of intoxi- cating liquors. The members of this association were pledged against the use of all intoxicating liquors, cider included. The resistance to the inclusion of cider in the pledge was long and obstinate. Many evenings were de voted to the discussion of the question, and as often as the question was brought to the vote — as it was many times in different forms — it was decided in favor of cider being einbraced in the pledge by large majorities. The first steam saw-mill ever erected on the banks of the Penobscot River was commenced last year at Turtle Head Cove in Hampden, by a company of Bangor and New York gentlemen. It was this year in full operation and a success. Mr. Haren Mitchell commenced erect- ing one this year about a mile this side of that, and just below the Bangor and Hampden line. The "Penobscot Association of Teachers and Friends of Popular Education " was organized in January at East Corinih. Martin Snell, President; E. G. Carpenter and A. Sanborn, Secretaries. This year the steamer Bangor ran to and from Port- land, and the Boston passengers were transferred from one boat to another, much to their dissatisfaction. A weekly paper, called the Bangorean, was issued by John S. Carter. Complaint was made that too many of the public schools were kept in the same building, There were "four schools kept in one building." It was thought that "when a great number of children and youth, of diversity of character, were congregated together, much mischief and inconvenience would be the result." A post-office was established at North Bangor (Veazie), and Samuel E. Marshall appointed postmaster. The project of erecting a market-house between Ken- duskeag and Central Bridges, at a cost of $32,000, of brick and granite, was reported favorably by a special committee to the City Council. They estimated that nine per cent., at least, would be realized annually on the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 685 investment. Messrs. E. & S. Smith, "with characteristic liberality," proposed to throw out land enough from their lot for a street from bridge to bridge. Hon. Charles Stetson was at this time Judge of the Supreme Court, and had sufficient criminal business for this newly fledged city. It is recorded that he sentenced Martha A. Blagdon, a clothes-line thief, to fifty days' imprisonment in the common jail. Two companies of United States infantry, under Major Dearborn, from the Houlton barracks, passed through Bangor on its way to Boston, February 14. Lieutenants S. L. Russell, G. W. Patten, J. Bumfrid, and H. W. Wessells, accompanied the command. The subject of a temperance hotel was prominent early in the year. Its discussion was attended with some grave nonsense. A committee reported some facts which were thought to be important enough to publish, but the question was where ? Some thought in the Daily Whig, where they could be published early and read by all; others could not endure the idea that they should be published in a paper that published rum ad- vertisements ! It was better to publish them in an ex- clusively temperance paper — the Temperance Herald, for instance, which was published in a distant part of the State, a paper entitled to them first, in the opinion of its conductors ! This was thought absurd, inasmuch as the public that had the most interest in them would not see them under three, four, or six months. The sensible opinion prevailed. Mr. John Ham, Chairman, then re- ported on the hotel. The committee were unanimously of the opinion that "a first-rate temperance house should and must be immediately opened, and that they had a bond of the Franklin House for $20,000," which the committee thought extremely low, as the premises were extensive and well situated. Mr. Haskins proposed to open a subscription for stock to the amount of $60,000. This was opposed. A subscription was however opened, the $20,000 were divided into two hundred shares of $100 each, and before the close of the month all the stock was taken, and the P'ranklin House was purchased. Mr, Ham was the principal proprietor. In the Lyceum the resolve "that judges, like all other servants of the people, should be appointed only for short periods," was debated. The disputants were A. G. Jewett, Frederick H. Allen, and John Appleton. The two latter were afterward judges, Allen of the District Court, and Appleton Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. News reached Bangor that on February 16 Massachu- setts Hall of Bowdom College was burnt to the ground, with much of the furniture of the students and the whole of the Athenian Library, of three thousand volumes belonging to them. The Universalist society in February contemplated building a meeting-house ; and the Unitarians contem- plated building a second house of worship on Broadway, to be called "Granite Church." The temperance societies throughout the United States held simultaneous temperance meetings on February 23. Mr. Cyrus Hamlin delivered an address in Bangor in the First Baptist meeting-house. The eastern and western Penobscot Bays were frozen over February 22. On February 27 the Democrats nominated Amos M. Roberts as their candidate for Mayor. The Whig re- marked that it noticed the meeting "to show our friends that however much they may desire to canvass the elec- tion of Mayor without distinction of party, it is now im- practicable." The Whig was jubilant over the discomfiture of the vender of "a downright and abominable cheat." He had sold a "skim-milk or white oak cheese, which had been mode and pressed until it was about the consistency and heft of lead; it had then been beautified and dis- guised with a thin covering of curd made of new milk and then re-pressed," so that it had the ajjpearance of a first-rate article. He was up as a "common swindler" at once, and was glad to get off with taking back his com- modities and paying costs. In March Mrs. Mary Crawford, relict of Dr. William Crawford, who was Surgeon and Chaplain in the army of General Wolfe, and attached to his staff at the time he was killed at Quebec, and was for a number of years sta- tioned at Fort Pownall (Fort Point) where he died — died at Castine, at the age of one hundred years and five months. She was the sister of Colonel John Brewer, the original proprietor at Brewer Village. On March 5 the Whigs nominated Edward Kent for Mayor. On the evening of the 8th of March the brick build- ing on Hammond street, corner of Patten Court, hav- ing an elegant exterior of pressed brick, and in pro- cess of repair, was burned out. It belonged to Cyrus S. Clark, and was built by Dexter E. Wadleigh. The walls were left, and the house was rebuilt. The canvass for Mayor was somewhat exciting. There was opposition to Mr. Kent among the Whigs. At a meeting at the Franklin House, where Ransom Clark presided and John S. Kimball was Secretary, Elisha H. Allen was nominated "in opposition to Edward Kent." Mr. Allen declined to be a candidate. Peter Edes, the oldest printer then m the United States, and Allen Oilman, Mayor of Bangor, were made honorary members of the Mechanic Association in March. Mr. Kent was elected Mayor by 232 majority in a vote of 1,308. He received 770; Mr. Roberts, 493; scatter- ing, 45. Whereupon the Whig and Courier shouted : "VanBuren 'buried heels upward' in Bangor!" Ward 7, then called the Bear Ward, gave a Whig majority, and was said to have redeemed itself A fair was held March 16, for the benefit of the "Fe- male Orphan Asylum." The People's Press, a VanBuren paper, first appeared March 14. The "small bill law," prohibiting the circulation of bills of a smaller denomination than $5, sustained by the Administration party, was very unpopular and very much criticised. The receipts of the city of Bangor in 1835-36 were $62,552.74; expenditures, $62,592.30. The amount 686 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. raised for schools was $3,400 ; High School, $800 ; for streets and highway, $S, 000 ; poor, $1,500; Fire Depart- ment, $1,500. The amount expended for the High School was only $677.30. The City Government this year was composed of: Mayor: Edward Kent. Aldermen: Ward i, Henry Call ; Ward 2, Cyrus Goss; Ward 3, WiUiam Abbot ; Ward 4, Ezra Patten ; Ward 5, Nathan B. Wiggin ; Ward 6, Samuel J. Foster ; Ward 7, Preserved B. Mills. Councilmen : Ward i, Charles Ramsdell, Hollis Bow- man, Charles Hayes ; Ward 2, Willis Patten, John Me- servey, Abner Taylor ; Ward 3, Moses L. Appleton, James Perkins, Camillus Kidder ; Wai^d 4, Samuel Wiley, Newell Bean, Stevens Davis ; Ward 5, Hayward Peirce, Abner R. Hallowell, John Brown ; \Vard 6, Bradford Harlow, Nathan Perry, Ebenezer French ; Ward 7, Si- mon Nowell, Charles H. Shepard, William Lowder. John S. Sayward was made City Clerk ; William Ab- bot, A. G. Wakefield, S. L. Valenline, R. K. Cashing, J. P. Dickinson, Bradford Harlow, and Franklin Muzzy, Superintending School Committee ; William Abbot, City Solicitor ; R. K. Cashing, Physician ; William Emerson, second. Marshal. East Market Place was laid out this year. The expediency of establishing a "first-rate permanent library" was suggested. About the ist of April some individuals, being disgusted with' the obstinacy of the ice in the river, attempted to blow it out wilh gunpowder. They blew and blew; the ice went up, but it would not go down. A little more san was required. The veteran John Holmes, at the close of the Legisla- ture, prepared seven stanzas of a song, which were re- ported to the members for service. The last stanza was: .\nd when the lass shall fill her glass, We'll gratefully incline To kiss the lip that takes a sip For "auld lang syne." The theological students proposed to the City Council that they would form themselves into an "Engine Com- pany," provided the city would furnish them with a first- rate engine. On April 7th the proprietors of the Temperance Hotel organized by electing John Ham, Henry Little, George Starrett, Charles A. Stackpole, and Joseph W. Mason, Directors. The Directors elected George Starrett Presi- dent and Charles A. Stackpole Secretary. The Lafayette Bank was established this year. A charter having been granted for the Penobscot River Railroad, J. Prescott, civil engineer, made a recon- noissance of a route from Bucksport to Milford, about twenty-eight miles. The excavations and embankments were to be obviated by "timber framework." He esti- mated the expense of constructing the road, including cars and storehouses, $7,932.17 per mile. He did not consider his estimate exact, but was "satisfied from pre- vious experience that it would not deviate essentially from the truth." Fine-looking radishes and cucumbers were produced from the garden of Eben French before the middle of April this year. Mr. John Brown, Street Commissioner, laid plank sidewalks on the principal streets. A long and interesting report of the Bangor Temper- ance Association was made by Asa Walker, in which the evils of intemperance were portrayed and commented upon with great ability. Mr. J. E. Litdefield still continued his "Bangor Fe- male High School." Ancient and modern languages, painting, and drawing were taught, with or without the common studies, at $5, $6, and $7 per week. The Small Bill law became so obnoxious that towns even determined not to regard it, and authorized their Collectors to receive them on payment of taxes. Ells- worth voted to indemnify in case of prosecution. The scarcity of money was a subject of "deep and painful anxiety." It was attributed by the opposition to the " unaccountable and unjustifiable war upon the cur- rency of the nation " by the Administration rather than to over-speculation. An organization, at the head of which was Rufus Dwinel, was established for the purpose of building a shore railroad between Bangor and Oldtown. Work was commenced upon the road, but it was abandoned. The steamer Moosehead was launched into Moose- head Lake on the 23d of April. It had an engine of forty horse-power, was ninety-six feet long and drew about two feet of water. The first steamer upon that lake. On May r2 there were lying in the harbor of Bangor seventy vessels — brigs, schooners, and sloops. This was thought worthy of notice. The Globe Bank was organized May 18. Solomon Parsons, Calvin Dwinel, Samuel Smith, Otis Small, and John Appleton were chosen Directors. The Directors elected Samuel Smith President, and Sidney K. Howard Cashier. The Penobscot Mutual Insurance Company was or- ganized this year. Mr. Anson Herrick, publisher of the Daily Advertiser, Teft Bangor on May 13 for New York. The Whig said that a warrant was out against him. Mr. Herrick after- wards became an Alderman of New York and a mem- ber of Congress. Public mihtary trainings were becoming unpopular. In Brunswick the annual May training was taken ad- vantage of by the students of Bowdoin College, to ridi- cule the whole thing by a military travesty which was very laughable. The Whig and Courier of May 2 1 , pub- lished a long account of it. In May the Whig said: "The times are evidently growing worse and worse, and those who flatter themselves that the pressure will be transient we very much fear reckon without their host." On the 2ist of May Congress, in the appropriation bill, provided for the expenditure of $75,000 annually for two years upon Fort Knox, opposite Bucksport. The streets were at this time receiving much attention from the city authorities, and the people were calling for HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 687 sidewalks. They were disappointed at the tardiness of the Street Commissioners in relieving them " from the necessity of wallowing in the mud." It is not too much to say that the walking for many years, owing to the mud and dirt, was smiply horrible. But the Commissioner I was doing all in his power to remedy the evil by laying plank sidewalks on the principal thoroughfares. The mud in the streets was a great obstacle to locomo- tion, and a source of universal complaint. There being few sidewalks, it was impossible to pass next to the stores and shops, or into them, without being besmeared and burthened with the filth at the lower extremities. The steamer Independence, a very long steamboat, which had been for some time upon the route from Bangor, was the subject of much controversy, in reference to her speed and strength. The small bill law went into operation June ist. Ii was one of those partisan measures which, while utterly obnoxious to the members of the party in power, showed the utter subserviency of the party itself to its leaders. It was one of the laws which was evaded and treated with contempt by almost every person in Maine. The celebrated "Helen Jewett," the wife of James Bickford, once of this city, was murdered in New York; and the trial of Robinson, her paramour, created a great excitement throughout the country. The crowd was so great on the second day that the court could not be opened until 12 o'clock. Thirty additional policdmen were sworn in to control the crowd. Ogden Hoff- man and Hugh Maxwell were counsel for the defense. The testimony was circumstantial, but strong against the prisoner; nevertheless he was acquitted, after an ab- sence of fifteen minutes, by the jury. The verdict was re- ceived with long-continued cheers. The St. John Episcopal Church completed its organi- zation June 14. Its church structure was built from plans by Upjohn. Colonel Benjamin S. Deane finished the outside and Pond & Baker the inside. It is a hand- some wood structure in the Gothic style. A street-sprinkler for laying the dust was introduced this year by subscription of citizens. A slate quarry was opened in Foxcroft by Mr. Leavitt, and the slate was pronounced worth from $25 to $28 per ton; transportation to Bangor from $6 to $7 per ton. Some specimens of ciphering slates were sent from the quarry to Bangor, and considered the best that had been used here. .Court street was established this year, and a contract authorized to be made with Richard Condon to build it at an expense of not exceeding $1,000. The building of a market-house was provided for by the city government, provided a loan of money could be obtained at not exceeding six per cent, interest. The store of A. M. Dunning, of Charleston, was robbed of goods and notes in April. The theft was advertised. In May Mr. Dunning received a letter informing him that the papers would be returned if he would send a sum of money to William Williams through the Bangor post-ofifice. The money was sent. An officer watched and had the satisfaction of arresting Williams when he called for the letter — who, however, proved not to be the thief. Complaint was made that "during religious services on Sunday afternoon the steamboat arrived at this port with the roar of cannon." This was the steamer Portland, Captain Howes. The person complaining thought the feelings of those who regarded the Sabbath should be re- spected even by steamboat captains, and asked why the vessel could not have come quietly in "without the un- necessary and frequent discharge of cannon, which served as a signal to the idle and the violators of the Sabbath to rush to her landing-place, to the annoyance of all who prefer the services of religion to the noise of the multi- tude." Rum was constantly adding to its victims. William Kern, a shingle-weaver at Pushaw Lake, inspired by liquor bought in Bangor by his son William and son-in-law Thaddeus Trafton, boasted that there was not a man in the State who could throw him. His son William ac- cepted the challenge and threw the old man, and held him while he struggled. A younger son attempted to inter- fere, but was prevented by Trafton, who struck hirh on the head with a shingle mallet. He then started to go for assistance, but seeing William beating his father with a club, he went to him and found him breathing his last. Trafton and Kern were tried and convicted for man- slaughter, and sentenced by Judge Emery to three years in State prison. The steamboat fare now between Bangor and Portland was $4. The "Bangor" made the passage to Boston, by way of Portland, in twenty-four hours. Complaint was made of the high fares. It was replied that they were low, compared with fares in other parts of the country. The experiment of a boat was tried with reference to ac- commodation rather than gain, and that the fare would probably be reduced when the business would warrant it. The salary of the City Marshal this year was $500. The news reached here on the 9th that on the Sun- day previous much excitement was occasioned in Dr. Channing's church, Boston, by the reading during his absence of an invitation to attend a meeting of the Anti- slavery Society. •Six hundred dollars were appropriated for laying out Mt. Hope Cemetery (public), often acres, to be enclosed by fences, and a resolve was passed authorizing a loan of $25,000 at not exceeding six per cent, interest. The Whig of June 15 contained this announcement : Died, in this city very suddenly, of apoplexy, Mrs. Sophia, wife of John Godfrey, Esq., a.^ed 49; a woman eminently distinguished for piety and active benevolence. She was the daughter of Colonel Samuel E. Dutton, who removed from Hallowell to Bangor early in the century. Owing to difficulties between the proprietors of the Bangor House and the landlord, Martin S. Wood, the house was stripped of its elegant furniture, and ceased temporarily to be a hotel. Mr. Wood converted it into a boarding-house. There was, consequently, insufficient accommodation for the traveling public. Mr. John Frost, however, finding the Frankhn House closed, pro- ceeded to put it in condition for the public patronage, and in a measure to supply the wants of travelers. 688 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Moosehead Lake was growing in the public estimation. The "Bangor and Moosehead Lake Stage Company," recently inaugurated, was running a stage three times a week to Munson, within fifteen miles of the lake. A steamer, the Moosehead, had been placed upon the lake for the towing of rafts in the first instance, and then for the accommodation of "pleasure parties, land, explorers, and mineralogists and geologists." The lake is forty miles long. A route for a road from the North Bay was being surveyed, and it was contemplated to establish a "a route by stage between Bangor and Quebec." It was predicted that the Moosehead would prove a success. The timber from sixty townships, it was said, -would come into the lake, and it was thought the boat would do a large busi- ness in conveying lumbering supplies, towing logs, and carrying passengers. A railroad car for the Bangor &. Piscataquis Railroad (which was in process of rapid construction), arrived m the city. It was pronounced "a splendid piece of work, indeed, and comprised elegance, neatness, and, more than all, comfort in its internal arrangements." The "Independent Volunteers" made a fine appear- ance in the streets on the iSth June, under the command of Captain Charles G. Bryant. The business of the city was gratifying. Three hun- dred buildings were in process of erection. Lumber was sold daily at profitable prices. About one hundred schooners were at the wharves receiving cargoes; it was said that "nothing was done in the way of speculation." Log-stealing had become so common that it was made by statute a Siate prison offense; but up to this time the juries could not make up their minds to convict those indicted for it. Public sentiment, however, was "march- ing on." Mary Peikins, Clarissa Williamson, Dionisia Hill, Susan Patten, and P. V. McGaw, called a meeting of the members of the "Bangor Female Orphan Asylum" to be held on July 5, to organize under an act of the Legis- lature enacted April i, 1836. The Board of Health was ordered to effect a general vaccination of the city. They assigned the several wards in their order to Drs. R. K. Cushing, S. C. Clark, John Abbott, J. P. Dickinson, J. G. Brown, R. D. Bartlett, and Josiah Deane. The Rifle Corps, under Captain Wing, appeared in the streets, and was complimented for the evidence it gave of a " high state of discipline and a thorough ac- quaintance with military tactics." John Brastow gave notice that the lots in Mount Hope Cemetery (private) were now for sale at $20 a lot. The Bangor Female Moral Society organized on June 9, having for its primary object " the prevention of licentiousness, by showing in every proper way its fear- fully immoral and soul-destroying influence." Other ob- jects were to prevent Sabbath-breaking, profanity, and intemperance. On June 22, on petition of Ford Whitman and others, an order of the City Council directed the street engineers to "run the lines and place monuments at the angles" of the road running from Broadway Park to Six-mile Falls. An order was also passed for the erection of a high school-house. This year Ira O. Glover, a genial landlord, took the new and elegant house lately erected at the corner of Harlow and Franklin streets ("New England House," afterward "National House"). It was larger than the Franklin House that he had recently left, he said, and he should endeavor to make it "equal to any in the city." Alas, poor Ira! Time afterward found him keep- ing a restaurant afterward a bowling alley, and after- ward, boarding at the city rnansion, where he died. But he was alvvays genial. John A. Poor, Rufus Parks, John B. Hill, Charles C. Cushman, Samuel H. Blake, and Jonathan C. Everett, Esqs., were admitted to practice in the Supreme Judicial Court at the June Term. There had been in Bangor for several years a gentle- man of great ingenuity and artistic merit, whose modesty had prevented his work with the pencil being properly .appreciated. This was J. P. Hardy. From his youth he had applied himself to art; but he had never had an opportunity to derive benefit from association with foreign masters or from studying the works of the more cele- brated, abroad. Yet he had accomplished some work which should have given him, and eventually will give him, a high place in the roll of American artists. One of these is a Boy Blowing a Soap Bubble; another, a Lady in a Window, which are wholly original. Another is the Poor Man's Fireside. This year some who had an ap- preciation of his work, called the attention of the public to his atelier, and awakened some interest; but Bangor was not sufficiently advanced in such matters to render him due credit. On the 27th of June the City Council passed an ordi- nance defining the limits within which no wooden build- ing over ten feet high should be erected. The limits extended westerly to Union street ; northerly to Colum- bia street, county land, north line of Franklin House lot, and Penobscot street ; easterly to Stetson Square, and southerly to the centre of Penobscot River. The Mayor, Allen Oilman, treated a building as a nuisance which Dexter E. Wadleigh had removed from one place to another within these limits. Whereupon Mr. Wadleigh, feeling aggrieved, brought his suit against Mr. Oilman for damages, on the ground that the City^ Council had no authority to pass such an ordinance; and if they had, it was no infringement to remove a building from one place to another. But the court decided ad- versely to Mr. Wadleigh on both points. Mr. Wadleigh was a bricklayer, and Mr. Oilman a lawyer, who believed " ne suior iilt7'a a-epidam." The Franklin House having been renovated, was opened by John Frost as a temperance house, on the last day of June. A gentleman who was at the opening said, "Although a temperance house, I never partook of better fare or purer liquor than that produced on the oc- casion." The house would then accommodate about fifty persons. Mr. Hill was teaching a private high school in the city this season. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 689 The Fire Department celebrated the Fourth of July by a procession, an " appropriate oration by Asa Walker, Esq., in Hammond Street church," which was listened to with attention, and a pleasure made manifest by fre- quent applause, and a sumptuous dinner at the railroad station, "provided by Mr. W. H. Vinton in his very best style, and whose good cheer warmed the hearts of about three hundred individuals who sat down." The sentiments were sensible, and this, a regular, was one of the best : "The Fair: The only incendiaries that vanquish fire- men — a policy of mutual insurance is our sole protec- tion." Mr. Emerson, the City Marshal, had only sixteen of the outsiders most "ripe for fun" on that day in the watch-house. News of the death of ex-President Madison on the 28th of June, reached Bangor on the Fourth of July. Nathan B. Wiggin advertised for proposals to build a brick building for a high school-house. Mason G. Palmer was appointed Register of Probate, in place of Alexander Savage, who had held the position for about sixteen years. Captain William A. Howard, who was in command of the boys' company from Hampden that gave so much in- terest to the celebration of the Fourth in Bangor in 1820, then a boy, now of the United States revenue service, was appointed to the command of the cutter Mc- Lane. A not unusual circumstance in trade occurred about this time. A lot of leather was consigned from Bangor to a merchant in Boston. On the arrival of the leather, the merchant had an order from Bangor for a similar lot of leather. Whereupon, without removing the leather from the vessel, the consignee sent it to his correspond- ent in the same vessel which brought it from Bangor. Perhaps advertising would have benefited somebody, had the first leather dealer given notice that he had it to sell. The burning over of six or eight townships of timber- lands belonging to Benjamin Brown, Esq., in the neigh- borhood of the Wassataquoik, so loaded the atmosphere with smoko as to cause one day to be called the " dark day." Nahum H. Wood taught a private high school this season in Bangor. The receipts of the Bangor post-office in r83S were $5,985 ; Portland, $6,074. Samuel Call died on July 9, aged fifty-eight. Mr. Call had been long a resident of Bangor. He was an attract- ive and incisive speaker, and wielded the editorial pen occasionally and acceptably to his party — the National Republican, afterwards Whig. Hon. William D. Williamson, who was faithful to his party, survived Mr. Call, and at a celebration in Hamp- den gave the following toast, which afforded his opponents an opportunity to criticise him :^- " Maine, the Marine State: May her Democratic poli- tics be perpetuated, its rulers ever the people's servants, its safety their virtues, and its treasury their pockets." His critics thought that, as he had admitted that the 87 treasury was the pockets of the office-holders, he ought to be the Secretary of the Treasury. Rufus Parks, brother of Gorham Parks, member of Congress, and a member of the Penobscot Bar, was ap- pointed Receiver of the Public Moneys for Wisconsin Territory, it was said with a salary of about $3,000. Chancellor Kent arrived in Bangor on July 13, and took lodgings at the Franklin House. Leonard Jarvis declined being again a candidate for Congress. There were now three Democratic papers in the city — the Republican, the Commercial Advertiser, and the People's Press. John H. Slack was ifi the city for the purpose of pro- curing funds for the establishment of a high school or college in Canada. After interviewing him the pastors of the leading churches say, "by his own confession he is acting without responsibility to any man or body of men in Canada or elsewhere, and that, on this account, they cannot conscientiously recommend him to the pat- ronijge of the public." Dr. Pond and Mayor Kent con- curred. It is needless, perhaps, to say that Mr. John Hancock Slack did not make a successful raid upon the pockets of our citizens. The distribution of the surplus revenue was at this time agitating the public mind in the State. The acts authorizing its distribution had been passed by Congress, and the question was how it should be divided. Hon. Gorham Parks had opposed the passage of the act, which was called "the great measure of the season," and said that "he believed there was no one act of his political life which in after times he should reflect upon with more pleasure than his vote against this bill." As might have been expected in high political times, his op- ponents would not give him credit for worthy motives, yet they thought that the Democrats, in changing him for Mr. Davee, their new candidate, had "missed a figure" and "given up a talented man for one who could never fill his place in the House of Representatives." On June 27th there was a "great sale of permits, mill privileges, lands, and lots at Stillwater " (Orono). Before the public sale the Stillwater Company disposed of per- mits to lumber at the average rate of $4.50 per thou- sand, amounting to $140,000; sales of factory sites and house lots, $60,000. Sales by auction by Head & Pills- bury : Permits, $127,000; factory sites, house lots, etc., $75,942; total $402,942. The sales exceeded all anticipations. The condition of the money market had rendered a disposition of the property at any rate questionable. Mount Hope Cemetery was consecrated on Thursday', July 2ist. The day was said to be delightful (notwith- standing many ladies were "thoroughly drenched" in a shower), and the exercises were of great interest. In the notice of a delighted observer occurs the following sketch : The many rustic seats erected beneath the stately oaks and spruce growth were completely filled. A rQde platform was erected under the spreading branches of an oak, which was decorated with a variety of wild flowers. On this platform the services were performed, and I more than once observed tlie silent but eloquent tear steal from the eje 690 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. as the ceremony proceeded. The singing, under the direction of Mr. Johnson, echoed among the trees, and seemed to lift the soul in rapture and bear it nearer its better home. The address of Mr. Kent was eloquent and affecting. He spoke of the propriety of consecrating a spot to the memory of departed worth ; said that the soul-chilling appearance of our graveyards accorded not with the feelings of our nature ; that a spot situated like this, with the beauties of nature scattered on every hand, was calculated to give a chastened and holy calm to the mind, and to lead the thoughts to study nature in her works, and to God as her great author. Every heart must have joined the speaker when he set aside that hill— the extended field, the leafy woods, the calm retreat, and the complaining brook, to the service and as the resting-place of the dead — forever. The editor of the Whig said that the services "were both gratifying and pleasing, and throughout of a char- acter highly appropriate." " Thg address of the Mayor we have heard commented on in the most extravagant terms of admiration, and all fully coincide in the opin- ion that it was decidedly his happiest public effort." The reading of select portions of the Scripture was by Rev. Frederick H. Hedge, of the Unitarian Society. Consecration prayer by Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, of the First Parish (Congregational) Society. Benediction by Rev. John Maltby, of the Hammond Street (Congregational) Society. The following hymns were sung : [Tune — Bethesda]. I. Around thy forest shrine, Eternal God ! we bend; While to yon dome of thine Faith's breathing tones ascend. To spread abroad. From Nature's fane. The choral strain. To Nature's God. 2. The whispering wind around, The glorious sky above ; The trees' sweet murmuring sound, AH, all proclaim thy love. A thrilling voice Breathed on the ear. Checks every fear — Bids man rejoice. 3- Where Nature's hues of bloom In summer beauty reign. Shall sadness, doubt, and gloom Breathe here their mournful strain ? Let songs of praise To God be given ; And high to Heaven Joy's chorus raise. 4- To faith, to hope, to love, This spot we consecrate, While, raised to Thee above; Our hearts thy blessing wait To Thee, we pray. Our Father, God ! Through Him who trod Death's silent way. S- Our souls shall never fear The path He blessed, to tread; But calmly enter here The chambers of the dead. Here shall we sleep. And fear no ill, While angels still Their vigils keep. 6. To Thee ! Great King of Kings ! When life's short dream is o'er. On hope's aspiring wings, Oh , may our spirits soar. And swell on high. That strain to thee. Whose melody Shall, never die ! [Tune— Old Hundred. J I. Oh, righteous God, through Thy dear Son , Accept the service we have done; And make this place on which we stand A Mount of Hope — a holy land. 2. This pleasant grove — this verdant lawn, — While suns shall set and mornings dawn, Make it the weary pilgrim's rest. Where angry strifes no more molest. 3- May all who here shall lay their head Low on this sacred, silent bed. The Christian path to glory run; Nor tire, nor faint, till glory's won. 4- And that dear dust which here shall sleep May blessed angels safely keep Till time shall cease, the morning come, And trump of God shall rend the 'tomb. 5- Then let it rise and upward move, In deathless forms of joy and love, Shouting: Oh, grave, thy reign is o'er; Remorseless Death triumphs no more! 6. And when the golden sun shall die. And Time and Death shall be no more. Oh, may we find, beyond the sky. The Christian's holy, happy shore. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews and Miss Woodward, of Bos- ton, gave miscellaneous concerts, which were called "capital affairs." There was published about this time an address de- livered by A. Sanborn, Esq., before the "Penobscot As- sociation of Teachers," at Corinth, in October, 183s, of which it was said, that it was "calculated to give a right turn to public sentitnent, and to obviate the evils of the present public school system," and that the "light which it sheds is too important to be ' hid under a bushel.'" A canal to connect the Penobscot River with the head waters of Moosehead Lake was at this time recom- mended. In July eight State Banks were doing business in Ban- gor — the Commercial, the Kenduskeag, Mercantile, Ban- gor, People's, Eastern, Penobscot, Lafayette. Thomas H. Perry commenced a high school in Au- gust, in the building recently occupied by N. H. Wood. The refusal to take receipts for personal property at- tached, which was adopted by some creditors, was com- plained of as a piece of oppression, and a grievance that should be put a stop to. It was replied that the oppres- sion was on the other side ; and it was only because the honest creditor was improperly delayed in realizing his dues from those able to pay that this course was resorted to. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 691 Ventriloquism and animal magnetism were at this time represented by Mr. Sutton, of England, and Mr. Poyen, of Paris, respectively. Mr. O'Connell, the tattooed man, proposed to enlighten the citizens on the subject of tattooing " among the savages of the Carroline Islands," where he had been eleven years taking lessons. The stringency in the money market had the effect to awaken an interest in the subject of banks and banking, and to start a discussion of the project of a State bank, with the view to relieve the pressure. A writer said that "in our country no State is so rich as to have idle capital which it would loan on favorable terms," therefore we must resort to the older and richer countries of Europe for loans. But no private individual or association of individuals could negotiate a loan, at a moderate interest, in England, Holland, or France; therefore the credit of the State should be employed. This had been done in Louisiana and Indiana, and "under its influence they were rapidly advancing in a career of prosperity." Monsieur Schafer, from Paris, wished to teach the people French. The Trustees of the Theological Seminary, through the Mechanic and Farmer, tendered their thanks to Hon. Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury, for a bell, whereupon that paper said : We believe that that gentleman gave to the Congregational Society the first bell ever rung in this city, which bell was destroyed by fire and its place supplied by him. The Independent Congregational so- ciety are also indebted for their bell to the same munificent donor; as likewise the Baptist Society, (and we are quite sure he paid liberally to- wards the Methodist bell,) which with the one acknowledged above, make five bells, besides the sum paid towards the Methodist. It is right to ring the praises of such a man. Mr. Bussey, however, gave but $100 towards the Bap- tist bell. A lady in Providence gave $28, and Hon. James P. Boyd, of Boston, added $300 and procured the bell. The Commercial Advertiser and People's Press were respectively condemning and defending the conduct of the established banks in the city, for refusing to supply the President and Directors of the Globe Bank, recently incorporated, with the specie to commence operations. If they commenced by borrowing in that way, it would seem to be rather singular that they would not do as they were done by. But perhaps they had come to real- ize that another bank would have made too many; that one to a family was enough. It could not have been that they were afraid the specie would not be returned! The Commercial Advertiser, established by Anson Herrick, was at this time edited by John W. Foote. The People's Press was edited by Thomas Bartlett, Jr. While these editors were carrying on this bank war Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin published a petition to the Legis- lature representing that he, with Josiah-Towle and seven others (naming them) subscribed a petition for the char- ter of the Globe Bank, to be located at Bangor; that, soon after the charter was obtained, he learned to his surprise and mortification, that a majority of the interest m the charter had been purchased from those eight per- sons by Samuel Smith, who was afterwards chosen Pres- ident of the Bank; that he entertained no doubt that the sale was made in pursuance of a secret arrangement entered into between said parties before the charter was granted, and that the sale was a fraud, and that, having signed the petition in good faith, he had refused to take any stock in the bank, whereupon he prayed that the corporators might be put upon their oath and show cause why the charter should not be declared void. At this time the following story was told to illustrate how some banks managed to evade the law in regard to interest: An application was made to one of the banks on the western side of the Kenduskeag for a discount, and was refused unless the applicant would take a draft on a bank in on the eastern side of the river, and after deducting the usual discount pay one per cent, for the draft. This was thought to be a high rate of exchange between the banks of so narrow a stream as the Kendus- keag. It was said in behalf of the Globe Bank that it was its intention to change the process of banking in this city, and reduce bank profits ; and those citizens were congrat- ulated who were in the habit of getting bank accommo- dations upon the prospect they had "of obtainmg them without making their liabilities payable in Boston, and being compelled to pay percentage on checks to cancel them." Mr. Hamlin's petition was replied to with peculiar se- verity by five of the corporators named by Mr. Hamlin, who said they were ready to meet his charges "with a full denial of their truth;" that Mr. Smith was not elected President of the Globe Bank in pursuance of any sale, and that they did not know of any " false colors " or pretenses under which the charter was obtained. They might have stopped there, but in their excitement they added much more. Mr. Hamlin, in a longer article, reiterates his charges against some of the corporators, — some in another article he excuses, — says that "he considers the Globe Bank to be one of the greatest humbugs of the day," etc. To this there was a very lengthy rejoinder, in which his statements were traversed and ridiculed, and with it the parties discontinued their advertisements. The Democratic party at its county convention in Le- vant passed this resolution this year: Resolved, That rotation in office, by selecting men at short intervals, direct from the body of the people, to places of profit and trust, " is a leading principle in the Democratic creed, and the only guarantee for the supremacy of the people." Mr. George W. Carleton came into the city and es- sayed to instruct the people in the Real Art of Dancing. The Rifle Company made its appearance in the streets and were complimented for their commendable appear- ance, as well as for the evidences of their skill in target practice. Miss Turner pretty soon followed Mr. Carleton for the laudable purpose of teaching masters and misses, and young ladies and gentlemen, in the " accomplishment of dancing." The subject of a railroad between Bangor and Port- land was agitated, and a public meeting was held at the 692 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. City Hall August 25 for the purpose of obtaining an ex- pression of the citizens in regard to it. The attendance was of the most respectable citizens, and the expression was strongly in favor of. building the road. A commit- tee, consisting of Thomas A. Hill, S. H. Blake, E. H. Allen, Edward Smith, Amos Patten, Thomas Drew, and Ebenezer French, was appointed to confer with Colonel Long, the engineer, in relation to a route from Bangor to Augusta. A shore railroad between Bangor and Oldtown was lo- cated and work commenced this season, but owing to the opposition of land-owners, and exorbitant damages claimed by them, the project was abandoned. Bangor was rapidly becoming metropolitan, with metropolitan singers, ventriloquists, tattooed men, animal magnetizers, male and female dancing teachers, when on the 29th of August, with its theatre, actors and all, it would seem actually to have become so. Near the northerly terminus of the Franklin Bridge, the theatre stood. It was a wooden structure of no great magnitude or pretensions to beauty, but it had its stage and scenery, and pit, and parquet, and galleries, and for a while its audiences. Alfred Herbert, Henry Eberle, and John B. Rice were the managers; and on the evening of the 291!! of August they put upon the stage Shaksperc's comedy, "She Stoops to Conquer." . At the openmg this address, written by a gentleman of Bangor, was spoken by Mr. Ricer Where late through forest wild the Indian roved, Chasing the moose deer wheresoe'er they roved, A city rose 1 see, o'er its hundred hills The lofty spires, and thousand domiciles, The park — the common and ihe spacious square. Where lurked the red man in his savage lair, And where Orono's tribe, with light canoe. Pursued the game and raised the wild halloo — Lo ! sails unfurl to catch the coming breeze And waft our forest treasures o'er the seas. Old Time, thus far, has bid the world good night — Be ours the task to ease his future fiiglit; To hold the mirror up to Nature's sons. To drive away ■wlclugglns* blues, and duns; We hold our "bonds," but are by friendship bound To all who love the drama's cheerful sound; Now may this humble, unpretending dome Be Thalia's, Shakspere's, Caliope's home; A home for virtue, genius, talents, sense; Our patrons pleased, we have our recompense. Nor bank-bills, specie, have we much to boast, But while we live will give our standing toast: Now and hereafter be it understood No combinations but for public good. We greet old settlers, and we greet the young, Though last not least to have their merits sung; Bangoieans all, if we be not mistook, "From Captain Noa'i down to Captain Cook — " While on "lots" the old their changes run, The young are well content with "lots of fun." While rolls the dark Penobscot to the bay And through all time the night's dispelled by day, So may the drama, fostered by its friends, Pursue its course tiil its glorious ends Are brought to light, and Shakspere's storied page Be taught to wond'ring millions from the stage! The stage! where Greece and Rome their heroes taught; While mimic heroes ranged the world of thought; * Indian term for writ. When great Napoleon read the Book of Fate, As Talma thundered lessons for the State. Where Ocean's time and Forest's rapid stream Mingle united in the morning beam. , Behold the " Union Market " rise to view, ■Qnlike the phoenix, who from ashes flew; O'er rocky bed from bridge to bridge it grew. May East ahd West there meet on neutral ground. No more be rivals in the giddy round. Long may they meet in Shakspere's temple here. At Thalia laugh, to Call'pe lend the ear. All that we ask is candor, justice, right, We'll do out best to put dull care to flight. Judge Stetson, of the Municipal Court, had some business to occupy his attention. Thomas and Simeon Low, old native citizens and fishermen, had acquired a habit of their betters, and taken some drops too much with their associate, George Butler, and in their elevated condition manifested their superiority by divers blows and fisticuffs, and finally by throwing Butler overboard. All this occurred in the river, below High-Head; but all the parlies survived, and were constrained to visit the court-room to get His Honor's opinion as to whether such conduct was in harmony with Democratic principles. On learning the facts, the judge decided that there had been too great an exercise of arbitrary power, and that Captain Thomas and his brother should each pay the State five dollars and costs for the indulgence of their aristocratic, or (to Americanize it) Federal, propensities. Captain Thomas paid like a man, but Simeon showed his contempt of the sentence by appealing. A meeting of the citizens was held on Friday evening, September 3, to devise measures to relieve the distress in the community occasioned by the "present scarcity of money." It was affirmed that the pressure here was greater than in any other city or town, and was attributed to "the unfortunate difficulty now existing among the banks in this city." The chief speaker (George W. Cooley) said that nothing was necessary to enable the banks to extend accommodations to the amount of $200,000 or $300,000, but to bring to an end the war existing between them ; and upon his motion a commit- tee was appointed to confer with the directors and ascer- tain if something could not be done to reconcile existing differences, and to request them to break off their con- nection with the Suffolk Bank in Boston, and redeem at their own counters. The committee consisted of P. B. Mills, John A. French, Joseph Bryant, William H. John- son, John True, Thomas Jenness, B. C. Atwood, Nathaniel Hatch, George W. Brown, Walter Brown. The meeting was criticised as being in the interest of the Globe Bank. This, however, was denied. After a week devoted to the matter the committee re- ported at another meeting that they had requested a meeting of a committee from each bank for consultation, and met a committee from six banks, whom they found ready and willing to do all in their power to assist the mercantile community as soon as they could consistently with their own safety. Mr. Mills thought the chief cause of the pressure was overlooked, which was the withdrawal of a million of dollars from the State on the closing up the affairs of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 693 United States Banks. This money was gone, and its place had not been supplied. Mr. J. P. Rogers followed with a philippic against the banking system. He believed it to be the cause of all the difficulties, and advised his hearers to fly from it as they would from the plague. It was' his opinion that if it was not done away with, it would eventually bring ruin and desolatron on the country. But he did not suggest any plan for improvement. , There was great anxiety as to what would be the result of the financial condition. And this, aggravated by a rumor that there was an association in the city that fur- nished a broker with funds to loan to business men for a large consideration, and that the broker put their paper into the hands of a lawyer holding a high public ofBce, who, as soon as it was collectable, handed writs of at- tachment to the officers, with instruction to take no receipts for the property attached, thus driving the debtor to resort to the same broker for means of relief! The political canvass this year was exciting, as usual in a Presidential year; but with Mr. Merchant in the edito- rial chair of the Whig and Courier there was not great personal bitterness. Robert P. Dunlap was .the Demo- cratic, and Edward Kent the Whig candidate for Gov- ernor. Thomas Uavee was the Democratic, and John S Tenney the Whig candidate for Representative to Con- gress. The vote of Bangor was for Dunlap, 449; Kent, .672; Davee, 312; Tenney, 674; scattering, 143. Elisha H. .^Uen, Esq., was elected Representative to the Legislature. Mr. Dunlap was elected Governor, and Mr. Davee Representative to Congress. . The celebrated picture of Adam and Eve, by D ubufe, was on exhibition at the Bangor House. The subject of the removal of the bodies buried in the cemetery on Main street, below Dennet's Cove, was agi- tated and their removal deprecated. Some alarm existed in September because of the prev- alence of dysentery, from which there had been several deaths. It was a time of unusual drouth, 'and the springs and streams were low, and it was thought that the disease was occasioned by the impurity of the water. Boiling it had been attended with salutary re- sults; therefore boiling the water before using it was recommended. Souchong tea was also recommended as a preventive. A remedy was also recommended which it was said never failed of effecting a cure. If the patient be a grown person, let him take half a tumbler of lime- water, ten drops laudanum, and fifteen drops essence of cinnamon — in quantity, a table-spoonful every hour. John J. Jerome in September opened a merchants' and mechanics' reading-room. Such an institution in September, 1881, had not existed in Bangor for several years. The large steamboat Independence, which had been for some time plying between Boston and Bangor under Captain S. H. Howes, sustaining an "unsatisfactory character," in the evening of the 28th September, while approaching the city at full speed, was obliged to deviate from her course to avgid a vessel that lay anchored di- j rectly across the channel, and in doing so ran upon a j rock in the river, off apier which stood not far from where the easterly end of the Maine Central Station now is. ] Her false bow was stove in and a large hole was made- in her bottom, so that afterward the tide ebbed and flowed in her. There were a hundred passengers on board, who were landed safely. No buoy indicated the location of the rock, and its existence was not generally known. The town of Plymouth, in Penobscot county, from which Bangor derived some business, was affected with the emigration fever. Forty-one persons left it for the State of Illinois. With one or two exceptions the emi- grants were family relations. Thirty-one bore the name of Harlow. Twelve of them were Baptists and consti- tuted a church, iiaving a preacher and a deacon. The Belfast stage-driver alleged that he put Waldo Bank bills amounting to $1,700 into his outside coat pocket, and while giving his undivided attention to the attractive performances in the Bangor Theatre (the " Forty Thieves " was performed about this time) was relieved of the money by some covetous individual who did not return it. He could account for its loss in no other way. He was arrested on suspicion of having con- cealed it. The pocket-book that contained the money was afterwards found upon Broadway, rifled of its con- tents. The driver was released from arrest as a criminal, but was arrested again in an action of trover for the money, as lost by his carelessness. One Frasier was ar- rested on suspicion of having robbed the driver, and taken before the Municipal Court; but the evidence was not sufficient to detain him. At a meeting of the Penobscot Association of Teach- ers, in Corinth, on September 17, a "talented and appro- priate" address was delivered by F. H. Allen, Esq., of Bangor. No prohibitory law being in existence, Mr. Samuel P. Eaton advertised for sale, at No. 30 West Market Place, "Old M. wine, old B. sherry, old P. sherry, brown sherry, old Opoito, old port, old Sicily Madeira, Sicily Madeira, W. H. Sc, W. H. Lisbon, Malaga, Muscatil, and claret, by the bottle and case; Champagne, Joly brand, Key brand. Dance do." A correspondent of the Eastern Republican gives a notice of Bangor, which contains a fair representation of it as it was at this period. It is as follows: Bangok. — I liave chosen a home subject for a sliort homily. There is but one word in the te.tt, yet I shall divide the subject into seven parts, viz; First,- Bangor as it was; second, Bangor as it is; third, Eangor as it will be; fourth, Bangor abroad; fifth, Bangor at home; si.xth, Bangor as it is not; seventh, Bangor at home and abroad. My introduction will be short. We live in the city of the East, and feel great concern for its reputation and honor; as a people we have been villified, abused, misrepresented; and we feel constrained to open our mouths and show our valor in redressing grievances and vindicating the honor of a slandered people. To the te.Nt: First. Bangor as it was. A few years ago it was a wilderness, inhabited by wild animals and wild men. Trees, water, and mud covered the surface of the earth, and the hand of civilization could not be seen. Soon [at length] a change was visible— "the white man had been there "—trees, wild beasts, and wild men disappeared, and phcenix-like, a thriving, bustling village grew up in the twinkling of an eye. Farmers, merchants, lumbermen, mechanics, doclcrs, ministers, lawyers, and idlers congregated therein, and then the Legis- 694 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. lature made us a city. Every one was more given to business than pleasure, and thus all grew rich or acquired a competency. Second. Bangor as it is. It is a place of consequence. In it there are rich men and poor men, honest and dishonest men, honorable men and contemptible fellows, industrious men and loungers, men of talents and education and ignoramuses, men of genuine merit and downright impostors and hypocrites. Bangor as it is does not differ much in these particulars from other places. Third. It will be the largest city in Maine, and the great centre of business and attraction. [A prescience of the distant future, but true]. Fourth. Bangor abroad. Here we shall be a little non-committal, but remark generally, that the character and genius of our people are not rightly apprehended. Certain maUgn influences, just now, operate against us — a cloud obscures the clear sunshine, and the darts of calumny fall fast and thick about us, sped from the long bows of our enemies, who are greedy of prey and unconscionable in their demands. There as those, however, that do us justice, who have eyes that will penetrate fog and mist, and who can see pure gold "dimmed by dust and concealed by cobwebs." Fifth. Bangor at home. We do not like a display of egotism, but " dear unto the heart of man is the land of his birth," and the place of his adoption. Here are genius, talents, enterprise, the materials and elements which, when properly developed, fitted, and applied, with the most favorable location and all the desirable external aids and helps, cannot fail of making eminent, happy, and rich men and of giving us finally an enviable name and rank where we are now little known. True, there are many discordant materials to be shifted, much rubbish to be removed — many of our people are strangers to each other — there is among us a pride of the purse, pride of education and profession, pride of having been the first settlers or squatters ; but there is little pride of descent, for the parent stock is all about alike, and the loftiest heads do not dare to look as far back as their grandfathers for fear of stumbling against a cobbler, tinker, or tailor.* Every man stands on his own bottom, and throws away the rotten scraps of flesh and bones, and the mouldering dust of those who were born before him. Sixth. Bangor as it is not. It is not the resort of all the rogues, sharpers, and knaves in New England. It is noX justly celebrated fordis- honesty and swindling in business matters. It is not on the retrograde and returning to its original nothingness. It is not in a galloping con- sumption. It is not a place to be avoided by honest and honorable men in the pursuit of wealth, . . and does not contain more bad citizens than are to be met with in all new places of equal size. It does not contain a bad moral atmosphere. It is not what others have rep- resented it to be, corrupt, depraved, heart and soul. Seventh. Bangor at home and abroad. At home Bangor has ene- mies and professed friends, who have done more to injure her reputa- tion and credit than they can make amends for in a long life, and some two or three of the Bangor editors stand in front of the offending. Kindred spirits abroad have caught up the discordant notes of those thoughtless and stupid knights of the quill, and rung them upon every change of the newspaper gamut. Thus Bangor has been wounded and traduced at home and abroad by blockheads and notoriety seekers, who deserve to be ducked in a horse pond for their pains. Thus endeth my discourse. Dr. Holman during the month of September gave sev- eral addresses upon the subject of temperance in Ban- gor. They were to full houses and pronounced able. The canvass for President was becoming exciting. General Harrison was in the field against Mr. Van Buren, and was drawing a large support. The banks declared the following dividends : Globe, none; LaFayette 1 14 per cent, for less than three months; Penobscot 2 per cenl. for four months; Eastern 4 per cent.; Mercantile 3 per cent.; Kenduskeag 3 per cent.; People's 3 per cent.; Commercial 4 per cent.; Bank of Bangor 4 per cent. The subject of a railroad between Bangor and the head of winter navigation was agitated. It now exists. •Not true about half a century afterwards, when such hold their heads as high as others. Hon. Ether Shepley was appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. In the widening of Main street, Hon. William P. Wil- liamson was allowed $400 damages for land taken from him. This sum was not satisfactory, and Mr. Williamson carried the matter into the Court of Common Pleas, where the jury added $150 to the $400. Messrs. Garn- sey and Kendrick, in a similar case, were allowed a simi- lar sum. A railroad meeting was held at the City Hall on the 13th of October, at which it was resolved, "That it is ex- pedient for the State to subscribe for a portion of the stock in a railroad from Bangor to Portland." The name of "State street" was given by the City Council to what had been known as "East Main street." The Bangorean, whose editor was Charles Gilraan, Esq., was discontinued.. Ebenezer G. Rawson, Esq., was appointed County Commissioner. At this time there were two thousand five hundred cases on the docket of the Court of Common Pleas, and one thousand six hundred on that of the Supreme Judi- cial Court in the county of Penobscot. Judge Ether Shepiey presided at the October term of the Supreme Judicial Court, his first here, very acceptably. Samuel Hudson, Surveyor^General of Lumber of the county of Penobscot, grandfather of the mother of Miss Blanche Willis Howard, died in Bangor on the 25th of October, aged forty-two. ' * In pursuance of an order of the City Council, the re- mains in the old cemetery at the corner of Oak and Washington streets were removed to Mt.JEIope. Among them were those of Monsieur Junin, who was murdered in 1790. The crucifix and ribbon attached that were buried with them were found, and the ribbon was in a remarkable state of preservation. It appeared as if re- cently made. The information reached Bangor that, by the request of a meeting of citizens of Portland, held on October 25, the "Mayor of that city withdrew his consent that the "Maine Anti-Slavery Society" have the use of the City Hall for a meeting. The use of the Friends' meeting- house was not refused, however, and the meeting took place. There was a strong feeling in Portland against the anti-slavery movement. The meeting was disturbed by rioters. They threw missiles at the house, and shout- ed and hallooed like maniacs. The effect was to hurt Portland and help anti-slavery. On October 3 1 the people of Bangor were shocked to learn of the loss by fire of the steamer Royal Tar in the Bay, off Isle-au-Haut, on the 24th. The vessel was on her pass- age from St. John to Portland, with a caravan of animals, and ninety-two passengers were on board. Thirty peo- ple were drowried and two burned to death. An ele- phant and six horses jumped overboard. The-elephant reached the land. The vessel was at anchor when the fire commenced; the wind was blowing a gale, the weather was cold, and the anchor was raised, v/ith a view to running her ashore. The revenue cutter from Cas- tine came to the assistance of the vessel, and was the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 695 means of sg.ving many lives; but all the property was lost, estimated at $200,000, including $60,000 in money and notes. The steamship had been in Bangor not long be- fore. The fire was said to be owing to the gross negli- gence of the engineer. Great sympathy was felt for the captain (Thomas Reed), who did all in his power to save th'e people. The ship was new, cost $40,000, and was owned in St. John. There were several cases of individ- ual heroism, that of the captain in particular, and several of contemptible meanness and cowardice. The steamer Bangor was disabled in November by a defect in her machinery, and was taken off the route. The first flight of snow of the season fell in November, and changed to rain, then to snow again, and melted nearly as fast as it fell. But it at last changed its vacilla tiori, and came in such quantity that there was a foot or more of it upon the ground before it ceased. Dr. Charles T. Jackson, of Boston, devoted three months this year to the geological survey of Maine, be- tween Thomaston and the St. Croix, and up the St. John as far as the Madawaska River. On the I St of November the right of choice of pews in the St. John's Episcopal church was advertised for sale. The Bangor Glee Club (amateurs) gave an enjoyable concert in St. John's church on the evening of the 7th of November, and was well patronized. The building was about completed from plans by Upjohn, and consid- ered a beautiful church. The political campaign for the election of President culminated on the 7 th of November, in the election of Martin Van Buren President of the United States. The vote of Bangor for electors was : Whig, 516; Democrat, 312. The subject of a market-house had been agitated for a long time, and by request of the City Council the Mayor obtained the passage of an act by the Legislature, authorizing the erection of a market-house on suitable piers and works over the waters of the Kenduskeag, be- tween Kenduskeag and Central Bridges. The act was approved March 25, 1836. After allusion to the subject by the Mayor (Edward Kent), and various reports by committees of the Council, on August i, 1836, that body appointed Nathan B. Wiggin, Paul R. Barker, and George Starrett, a Superintending Committee, to contract for laying the foundation for the City Market-house, be- tween the two bridges. The project, the location, and the whole proceedings relative to the matter, were gen- erally discussed, and by some very severely criticised. The estimated cost of the foundation, with exterior walls of split granite, and the building, was $40,000. One of the critics, in the Commercial Advertiser averred that the undertaking could not be completed without an expenditure of $100,000. The foundation was built in 1836-37, but no further work was done upon it by the city. It stood unoccu- pied until 1843, when the southerly end was rented by Messrs. Smith & Jones, Shaw, Ames, and' others, who erected a wooden building thereon for a market-house and public hall. This was occupied until 1846, when it was carried away with the bridge by the flood of that year. It was, however, soon replaced by a larger struc- ture, which remained until the foundation went into the possession of the United States Government, who raised and rebuilt the foundation, and built upon it the present substantial Custom-house and Post-office building. Joseph Chase, of Sebec, was appointed Surveyor- General of Lumber in place of Samuel Hudson deceased. The appointment was sharply commented upon by the Whigs as entirely unfit, made for partisan purposes, and opposed to the wishes of those most interested. The only reason given for his appointment was that he was pleased to appoint no Whig deputies. The Bangor Lyceum was organized at this time, by the choice of Frederick H. Allen, President; Daniel S. Jewett, Vice-President; Moses Patten, Jr., Treasurer; Abbot W. Paine, Secretary; William H. Foster, Cyrus Hamlin, Peleg W. Chandler, Managers. Mr. Allen was appointed a Judge of the District Court of Maine; Mr. Jewett, a United States Senator from Missouri; Mr. Patten, a merchant, died early; Mr. Paine, Insurance Commissioner for Maine; Mr. Foster, a merchant, died at middle age; Mr. Hamlin has been in various important positions in this country and abroad, as will be seen elsewhere in this work; Mr. Chandler be- came City Solicitor of Boston, and one of the ablest members of the Suffolk Bar. The lecturers announced were : Rev. Frederick H. Hedge (professor in Harvard College and D. D.); Rev. Thomas Curtis, a learned Baptist clergyman, from Scot- land; Edward Kent, Esq., (Governor and Judge Supreme Court); Prof Leonard Woods (President of Bowdoin College); Cyrus Hamlin (D. D.); Thomas H. Perry (teacher); Prof George Shepard (D. D.); John A. Poor, Esq., (President of railroads); E. L. Hamlin, Esq., (State Senator); Frederick H. Allen, Esq., (Judge); a discussion on the Influence of Theatres upon Society, by Rev. Prof Pond (D. D.) and Hon. J. P. Rogers (Attorney General). The Mechanic Association was doing much for the improvement of its members by debates, lectures, and otherwise. One question discussed was whether the city should grant licenses for the sale of ardent spirits; an- other, should the county establish a house of correction where manual labor should be performed by convicts ? The settlement of these questions was in abeyance a long time, but it has been accomplished, and it is to be hoped permanently. The meetings of the lyceums were crowded, and were of the most interesting character. The opening lecture was by Rev. Mr. Hedge, and was greatly admired. A debate on the moral tendency of theatres, in which Mayors Cyrus Hamlin and Daniel T. Jewett led, interested the audience several evenings. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad was so far completed that its cars commenced running regularly November 30. The Bangor station was on the hill souther- ly of Meadow Brook, and the course of the road to Old- town averaged perhaps a mile from the Penobscot River. Mr. Eldridge Harris was its agent. This road was the result of the enterprise of two energetic and adventurous 6g6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. speculators, Edward and Samuel Smith. These persons accomplished a great deal of labor during the few years of their career, were the employers of many men, and the disbursers of large sums of money, but none at last was found in their possession. Some monuments of their enterprise are in existence, but the railroad, is not one, "Smith's Block," at the foot of Hammond street, how- ever, is. When at length failure attended all their under- takings, one of them endeavored to obtain some accom- modation from the State and was unsuccessful. In the wralh that followed his disappointment, and with longing to gratify a feeling of revenge, he resorted to that able lawyer, Jonathan P. Rogers, for advice. Mr. Rogers listened coolly to the statement of his grievance, and then advised him to take the State into partnership with him. There was at this time some agitation of the subject of referring the election of the judges of the courts to the people. The organs of the Democrats in Bangor favored, that of the Whigs opposed it. Fortunately the sentiment proved to be in favor of permitting the ap- pointment of the judges of the higher courts to remain in the hands of the Executive. Captain Luke Wilder, for whom, it will be recollected, Mr. Webster, on his visit to Bangor, expressed such high regard, and whose portrait he caused to be painted by Hardy, died in Bangor on November 24th, at the age of eighty-three. He was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts; was with a company of volunteers under General Stark, and for some time afterward a resident of Salisbury, New Hampshire. He came to Bangor m the latter part of the eighteenth century. He was a man of great kindness of heart, and had the respect and veneration of all with whom he came in contact, He resided for several years in Kirkland — -now Hudson. The agitation of the subject of temperance was having il.s effect, in keeping the display of liquors from the ad- vertisements and counters of the more respectable traders, and in making some of the less respectable ashamed of their business. One man, under the promptings of his troubling con- science, thought that though he must sell liquors in order to live by the side of his less conscientious neighbor, he would continue to do it in a way that would be attended with the least evil results. He therefore made the top of the casks containing his beverages a part of his counter, and perforated it with holes that the water with which the glasses of his customers were drained might find its way into the dangerous liquid and modify its destructive qualities. His apology was in this very language : I know that selling ardent spirits is a great evil. 1 know that misery flows from it, and I know, too, that the more water I turn into the bar- rel the less mischief I do in the world. The fact is, I almost abhor my- stlf for being a rumseller, but my next-door neighbor keeps just such goods as I do, and he sells rum, and if I do not furnish my customers with the article, I cannot sell them other goods. Could I be assured that the professed friends of Temperance, who are now in the habit of buying there, would transfer their custom to me to make up my loss on the other side, I would abandon the traffic at once ; but I cannot run the risk of depriving myself and family of a living. CQlonel .foshua Carpenter acquired an unenviable no- toriety as Sheriff. The newspapers charged him with in- terfering with jurors, which was denied, and with putting into the hands of his deputies a receipt, with instructions to take no other, which contained this form of agree- ment : — And we further agree that we have actually received the property aforesaid of said officer; that it is the property of the said [the debt- or], and is of the full value aforesaid; and this receipt shall be conclusive evidence against us of all the premises heretofore or hereafter specified in this receipt, and of our liability to the said officer for the identical property aforesaid, or its aforesaid value in cash, at the option of said officer. And for the further security of said officer, we agree that he shall have a lien on said property, with a right to repossess himself at any time of the same; or to take of the property of either of the un- dersigned to the value aforesaid, at any time, into his possession for his said security; and that the execution or executions which may be re- covered in the aforesaid process may be levied at any time upon the personal property or real estate of any one or more of the undesigned, and satisfied therefrom in the same manner as from the property of said debtor; and that we will waive any irregularity in the mode of advertis- ing or selling any of the aforesaid property, or in the preliminaries to the same. Any balance remaining, after all demands shall have been satisfied, which may then be in the hands of the said deputy, to be re- stored to us on demand by any one or more of us! John W. Frost, the editor of the Commercial Adver- tiser, who wielded a free pen, commented upon the con- duct of the Sheriff in a manner that would have dis- turbed a person of any sensibility. On the 6th of December Mr. Frost announced the dissolution of his connection with the Advertiser, with the intention of removing to the South. The Advertiser was to assume the name of the Daily Post, and be edited by Thomas Bartlett, Jr. Mr. Frost was a member of the Bar, and a writer of ability. On the same day occurred the death of Nathaniel Haynes, editor of the Eastern Republican. His health had long been poor. He was a member of the Bar, al- though he had been little in practice. He was a man of ability, and wielded a trenchant pen. He was a bitter partisan, and much of his severity may have been at- tributed to the condition of his health. On the same day A. G. Wakefield, Esq., Secretary of the School Committee, gave notice that candidates for the city high school would be examined in the second story of the back building in District No. 2, on the isth. Candidates for admission would be examined in " read- ing, writing, geography, and arithmetic, as far as com- pound proportion." No scholar under ten years of age would be examined. A condition of business existed at this time that was discreditable and annoying. The "credit system" pre- vailed to a provoking extent. It was a practice from the beginning of the town to buy goods on credit, and the new comers readily fell into it. There were many who indulged in this practice who had no other intention than to pay. They could have paid down, but it was a practice of the seller to put a high price upon his wares because of the credit system, and it was of no advantage to the purchaser to pay down. But there were many others who did not have the idea to " pay" in their minds when they purchased, and they would permit their bills to run on from six months to a year, and, unless dunned, would never think of paying. Grievous complaint was at length made that men who were "living in the most extravagant manner," whose houses were "elegantly finished and furnished," who were using "money to shave HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 697 notes at an enormous discount," would reply, when called upon to pay a small bill of groceries, that they had "no money." That sometimes they would pay by a draft or note upon which the payee would get the money at the bank by indorsing it, and when it became due it would be protested, and come back to the indorser for payment. Men of large property would allow themselves to be sued, and think the delay until an execution could be obtained would be an advantage to them in the busi- ness of "shavmg." Men were so much in the habit of this that they did not reflect that it was dishonorable, in time, however, there was a reaction. The merchant found that a cash business with less "profit" was far more lucrative than a credit business with great "profits" and little pay, and gradually business reached a healthy foundation. A meeting of the Bangor Temperance Association was held on the evening of December 19, at which Professor Enoch Pond offered a resolution avowing the expediency of requesting the Legislature to repeal the existing license laws, and to enact a law making the traffic in ardent spirits penal. The experience had always been that license laws were ineffectual to prevent the sale and use of mtoxicating drinks by any one disposed to sell or use them. The annual report at this meeting pronounced the Franklin House, as a temperance hotel under the man- agement of Mr. John Frost, a success. The house had been purchased by a committee of the Association for $20,000. An assessment on the stockholders for repairs and furniture rendered the cost of the establishment nearly $25,000. It had been in operation about six months, and was so well kept that it had the patronage of others besides temperance men. A fire on the 2 2d of December destroyed the wooden block at the westerly end of Kenduskeag Bridge, owned by Messrs. E. and S. Smith. The Smith Block, in im- mediate connection with the buildings burned, being fire- proof, escaped with some injury to the easterly wall. The loss by owners and occupants was estimated at $15,000. A magazine bearing the name of Maine Monthly was at this time in existence, under the editorship of Charles Oilman, Esq., and ably conducted. On December 19 the death of Captain Samuel P. Button, of Bangor, occurred in the city of New York. Captain Dutton was a man of great enterprise, and was connected with the house of Cram & Dutton, when dur- ing the unfortunate financial inflation of 1835 it was obliged to succumb. On the 25th of December Charles Rice, Esq., died. He was a prominent man in the county from the War of i8i2, during which he met with heavy losses in shipping and otherwise at the hands of the British. He afterwards held the office of Register of Deeds for the county, and other offices of trust. The Bangor Theological Seminary, at this time under Professors Enoch Pond, George Shepard, and Leonard Woods, was in a flourishing condition. The number of students was forty-eight. It had an excellent library, consisting of about four thousand volumes. The Bangor & Piscataquis Railroad Company re- quested the city government to authorize them to lay their track from their depot to tide-waters. Authority was afterward given, and the cars ran in the centre of Harlow and Exchange street, drawn by horses, and greatly to the annoyance of street travelers. After the discontinuance of the United States Bank the People's Bank, of Bangor, was selected as one of the deposit banks of the General Government. From some cause the Mercantile Bank this month became a deposit bank. There was not harmony among the friends of the Ad- ministration in this city at this time. Their organs were the Eastern Republican and People's Press, and a war- fare existed between them. The history of the party in power is usually a history of selfishness and greed. While there is unanimity in maintaining the integrity of the National organization, much division grows up among local politicians from jealousy on account of the distribu- tion of the " spoils," which threatens utter disorganiza- tion, and ends in— harmonious enthusiasm at the next general election. December 31st. The year closed with the temperature at fourteen degrees below zero. CHAPTER XXX. Year Opens Bad Financially — Banl< War — Court Doclcets — Vaccina- tion — Teacliers' Association — Municipal Judge Excitement — Amos Davis Case — Productiveness of the Soil — Total Abstinence — Edward Kent Elected Mayor — Aldermen and Council — Surplus Revenue- Otis Small, Sheriff — City Officers — Lyceum — Post-office Affairs — Theatre — Taxation Avoided — Population — Eastern Credit — Specie Payments Suspended — Geological Survey — Bangor Journal — Habits of the People — Suffolk Bank System — City Appropriations — Fiske's Grievances — Boundary Trouble — Greeley Arrested — Military Pronun- ciamentos — Bangor House Difficulty — Surplus Revenue Question — William Lloyd Garrison — .'\nti-Siavery Society Organized. 1837. The year opened in Bangor with a financially bad aspect. • The banks were at war with each other. The Eastern and Mercantile had severed their connec- tion with the Suffolk Bank, and would keep no funds there ; and wished the others to follow their example, which they were not inclined to do. And, it is said, their antagonism prevented their making discounts and accom- modating the merchants. These banks had a circulation at the opening of the year 1836 of upwards of $350,000, and money was easy; now their circulation did not exceed $175,000, and there was great difficulty in doing business because of the stringency occasioned, as, it was alleged, by the "manner of conducting business," and not, as has been supposed, by "the inability of the banks to sustain themselves through the pressure." It is hardly supposa- ble, if the banks could have, in their belief, accommo- dated their customers and at the same time sustained themselves, that they would not have done so. The fact 698 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. is that there was a general dearth of money all over the country, occasioned by a want of confidence, as there always is after a period of inflation and crazy speculation. AVhat confidence could be had in a business commu- nity like that of Penobscot county where the court dockets were laboring under the burthen of from three to five thousand actions, and increasing? The Penobscot Agricultural Society held its annual meeting on January 2, and before adjourning considered this sentiment : "Eastern Lands : Like good cider or beer, must undergo the process of fermentation. The scum having worked off, farming friends will not object to it." By the Circular of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, issued Januarys, 1837, the amount of surplus revenue to the credit of Maine was $1,274,- 451.02. Mrs. Lemon and sister, with friends, "gave a concert of sacred music at the Baptist church, for the benefit of the poor and needy of the city of Bangor," on the i6th, which was well attended and complimented. Receipts $134.50. The tickets to the concert were twenty-five cents each. General Samuel Veazie, of Bangor, was elected by the Legislature a member of the Governor's Council. The City Council paid $986 for the vaccination of the inhabitants. The number of inhabitants on which the operation was successfully performed was 1,972. The Penobscot Association of Teachers held a meet- ing at Exeter. An able address was delivered by Hon. S. H. Blake, of Bangor, and a copy was requested for publication. In this winter of "no currency," many persons who usually-had no trouble in paying their rent were at their wits' end as to where they could possibly look for the means. While two tenants were ruminating over their situation, their landlord appeared, and witnessing unmis- takable signs of want in their houses, he relieved them somewhat of their trouble and won their gratitude, by bidding them give themselves no anxiety about the rent, for he should not require it of them during the continu- ance of the hard times. Another gentleman sent a load of wood to his debtor. The Mechanic Association elected John S. Sayward President, Joseph Kendrick Vice-President,.Joseph Wing Treasurer, Samuel Reynolds Secretary, Samuel Ramsdell Librarian. The Bangor Classical Institute, connected with the Theological Seminary, was under the charge of Louis Turner, A. M., Principal. Charles Stetson was appointed Clerk of the Courts, and Albert G. Jewett re-appointed County Attorney of the county of Penobscot. On the morning of February 3, Edward Kent, Esq. announced to the couit then sitting, the death of George Starrett, Esq., last evening, at the age of thirty-nine years; and added that "perhaps no man has ever more fully se- cured the respect and esteem of his brethren of the Bar, and of the whole people, by unbending integrity and in- defatigable attention to his duty, aided by talents and ac- quirements of highly respectable order, and sound, prac- tical good sense." As a token of respect, the court, as usual in such cases, adjourned. A case of. unusual interest was tried at the January term of the Court of Common Pleas, Judge Perhani pre- siding. The foundation of the case was an indictment against Charles Burlingame, John T. Howard, William Turns, Stover Rines, and his sisters, Mary Ann Rines and Sarah Lane, for conspiracy to destroy the fair fame of Julia W. Rines, the wife of Stover Rines, with a view to deprive her of her interest in her husband's estate. Rines was a strong, athletic man, of abundance of will, a resident of Oldtown. He had acquired some promi- nence on the river as a lumberman, speculator, and cap- tain of a military company of millmen, river-drivers, and raftsmen, who wore an appropriate uniform, and called themselves "The Rackareebos." Though an ignotant man, he assumed an air of superiority that gave him a sort of influence among rough people. This man, having lost his first wife, became enamored of a young lady in Portland bearing the name of Julia W. Talbot, a respectable lady, handsome, without means, and, having been educated in the refined city of Portland, with tastes dissimilar to his. He married her, however, and took her to his home in Oldtown in July, 1835. So far as appears, the first year of their married life was passed pleasantly enough. She was well dressed, and he was proud of her. After the expiration of a year trouble arose and the case developed the following facts.: Rines's first wife had a niece — Sarah Weston — who had lived somewhat in Rines's family, and he had sent her to school In July, 1836, Rines took his wife to Portland. There he saw his protege, Sarah Weston, who had grown to be, to him, an accomplished and attractive young lady of eighteen. Instead of remaining in Portland with his wife, he took Miss Weston with him to Bangor, where he left her and went to his home, which he had left about a week before; but Miss Weston appeared there the next day. After- wards Rines returned to Portland and brought back his wife. On their way they stopped at Augusta over night. After they had retired to their room Rines wanted to see a letter that his wife, while in Portland, had written to a young lady acquaintance. She declined to show it to him. He insisted upon seeing it, whereupon she tore it to pieces. At this exercise of her rights Rines became inflamed with rage and told her that if he had a suitable instrument he would "take her very heart out;" he threw himself on the floor as if unable to control himself be- cause his wife dared resist his will in not showing him a private letter that she thought it not proper for him to see. He, however, succeeded in getting possession of part of it, which he meanly read, and, as he afterward declared, found nothing improper in it. After this there was not any manifestation of affection by Rines toward his wife. The day after they reached home she was taken sick. Her sister told Rines that she must have a physician or she would die. He replied that she would not die; that he would not see her until after she had re- covered, (he had seen her the day after she was taken HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 699 sick), and then he should take an "eternal farewell" of her —that he did not care if she died; that he loved her once, but now he hated her with a perfect hate, and said he would never live with her again, and gave as a reason that she had been unfaithful to him. She recovered. From the time of their return they occupied adjoining rooms and did not live together as husband and wife. She was deposed from her place as mistress of the house and Mrs. Lane established in it. His study seemed to be to mortify her. One Sunday Rirres and his wife and Miss Weston prepared for church. Rines took Miss Weston and left his wife, who did not follow them. In the afternoon they all got ready to go, when Rines and Miss Weston conferred together and concluded not to go, and he left his wife to go alone. After August Mrs. Rines confined herself to her room during most of the time. She was enciente. In September he had heard she had said something about him and Miss Weston, and he told her that if she went out of the house and mentioned his or Miss Weston's name he would horse- whip her within an inch of her life. He said he would sink his property and go to the end of the earth before he would live with her. The others of the accused were at his home, and he was on pleasant terms with them. In December he went to Portland and left his room and bed in possession of Burlingame and Howard, who oc- t cupied them during his absence. Mrs. Rines had a sleeping companion — Sarah Elkins. One day during ; Rines's absence Howard and Mary Ann Rines enticed Miss Elkins to go on a sleigh-ride to see her sister, promising that if she would go she should be brought back early in the evening. In the evening no one went for her, and she was obliged to remain over night. When she returned she complained, and could get only trivial excuses for the violation of their promise. On that night Burlingame had taken the key from Mrs. Rines's door, and she, not finding it, fastened the door with her scis- sors, and left a light burning when she retired. About midnight she was awakened by a violent breaking in of her door, and to see Burlingame standing beside her bed. She jumped over the foot-board, and, in escaping from the room, encountered Howard at the door, who exclaimed: "Now I've caught you!" She broke away from him, however, and escaped to Mrs. Lane's room in a state of alarm and prostration so great as to excite that lady's sympathy. Rines soon after returned, and his intimacy with these fellows was so marked, and his conduct in regard to his wife was of such a character, as to leave no doubt of a conspiracy between them to ruin her character. There was a great deal of testimony im- plicating all the accused, except Mrs. Lane, who was ac- quitted. All the others were convicted. Several points of law raised by the counsel for the de- fendants, Messrs. John Appleton and Frederick Allen, were very ably argued pro and con by them and by the County Attorney, Albert G. Jewett, and Edward Kent, for the State, and overruled. Mrs. Rines was admitted to testify, contrary to objection. Exceptions were taken and afterwards sustained by the Supreme Judicial Court. The verdict was set aside, and a new trial granted. The trial of the case commenced January 18 and closed the 13th of February. During a fortnight the court-room was crowded almost to suffocation. The in- terest was intense, and the verdict of the crowd sustained that of the jury. The case was never again tried. Some arrangement was effected, and the case was dismissed. Mrs. Rines removed to Portland, and was divorced, She is now dead. Rines married two wives afterwards. In the war of the Rebellion he got into the Commissary Depart- ment at Washington, where he died. The speculation in breadstufifs was at this time exciting much indignation. A public meeting was held in Bangor "to take into consideration the condition of the flour market, and see what measures could be adopted with regard to it." A committee of five of the best citizens was appointed to report resolutions. The resolutions were long forthcoming. But "the people" were not indignant merely about the flour speculation ; they wanted F. H. Allen, Esq., for Municipal Judge, and had a meeting and nominated him. Unfortunately, they could not vote on the nomination after it was made. The Governor and Council had con- trol of the matter ; and the Democratic Bangor Post flew into a passion because "a few rich men," Demo- cratic taskmasters, had got up a petition for Samuel Farrar, Esq. It shouted : — Democrats, will you tamely submit to this? Has it come to this, that none but rich men, the President'And Directors of Banks, are capable of discharging the duties of any public olhce? Look at your Sheriff [^Carpenter], your County Attorney [Jewett], your Clerk of the Courts [Stetson], your Postmaster [TraftonJ — all exclusive Democrats and VIOLENT opposers of Banks! Yet all of them are Bank Directors, Come forward, then, if you are men, and resent the indignity cast upon you. If you are SLAVES, stay at home. But the Governor and Council paid no attention to this; the Governor appointed and the Council confirmed Judge Farrar, and he proved an acceptable Judge. Amos Davis was at this time a citizen of Bangor, but having been in Boston for some time, he was summoned before G. G. Hilliard, Esq., to give his deposition in an action then pending. To the surprise of the summoning party Mr. Davis refused to testify, whereupon the Justice imposed a fine of $20 for contempt. This he refused to pay and was committed to jail. Mr. Davis's next appear- ance was before Judge Wilde on a writ of habeas corpus. His discharge was claimed on the ground that he was a citizen of another State. The Judge said that any man might be summoned to give his deposition within twenty miles of his abode. It appeared that Mr. Davis was a citizen of Maine and his family resided there. It does not appear from the papers of the Justice that he had his abode in Boston for any length of time. If it did, whether he had his family with him or not, he would be held; as it did not, he should order his discharge. It was mentioned as creditable to our soil and farmers, that Mr. Nathaniel Burrill, of this county, raised on "rock upland" sixty bushels of sound Indian corn to the acre, and forty-one and a half bushels of beans to the acre; that Mr. Heman S. Jackson, of Corinth, raised seventy-four bushels of oats to the acre this year; that. Joo HISTORY Oii' PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAWE. Reuben Hall, also of Corinth, had raised on two acres and 142 rods of land, eighty-eight bushels and three pecks of tea wheat; and that Reuben Gordon, of Button, had obtained 789 bushels of ruta-baga from one acre; and these were spoken of as specimens of what could be raised in this section. The Licensing Board of Bangor refused to grant licenses for the sale of ardent spirits; a fact deemed worthy of note by newspapers far and near. The principle of total abstinence from all that intoxi- cants was adopted by the State Temperance Society. The Committee on Building Market-house Founda- tion reported that they had expended for furnishing and laying stone, $8,291.62; for filling with earth, $2,295; iron work, blasting rocks in the stream, etc., $204.22 — $10,650.84, and the contract for laying the foundation was not completed. The Committee on Building High school House re- ported the expenditure of $4,800 in the erection of the house, and there remained of the appropriation $200 for fences and grounds. It was announced that B. B. Thatcher, Esq., a former citizen of Bangor, a lawyer by profession and a literary man, was on a visit to England, that he was at Newport, on the Isle of Wight, at an agricultural festival to which he had been invited, where he was toasted in connection with the United States, and made, a suitable reply which was received with great applause. Besides the movement for a railroad between Bangor and Portland, and another between Bangor and winter navigation, there was a movement for a railroad between Quebec and Belfast via Bangor ; and for another be- tween Quebec and Boston via Bangor. Connection by railroad between all the places now exists, but not by the routes contemplated in 1837. There had been much feeling in regard to the appoint- ment of Colonel John Carpenter as Sheriff, as well in his own party as out of it, and every lapse in his career while in that office was carefully watched. At last an op- portunity came to extinguish him. He was taken before the Municipal Court on a warrant for crime. He ap- peared in the official costume and with the official " presence " he assumed upon taking the office. But the end of the affair was his official extinguishment, to the gratification of many good citizens. The American Magazine, in an article appreciative of Maine, said that " more and larger fortunes have prob- ably been amassed in Maine since 1829 than have been won, in the like space of time, in any other State." Joshua Chamberlain, Jr., was appointed County Com- missioner by the Governor and Council. The canvass in the election of Mayor this year was brief and exciting, but there was little of that personal bitterness that characterized the elections a decade of years before. Edward Kent was elected over Amos M. Roberts by a vote of 719 to 376. The Aldermen elected were: Ward i, Charles Hayes; Ward 2, CyrusGoss; Ward 3, George W. Pickermg ; Ward 4, John Wilkins ; Ward 5, Nathaniel French ; Ward 6, Bradford Harlow ; Ward 7, Samuel L. Valentine, The Councilmen were: Ward i, Isaac S. Whitman, HoUis Bowman, Charles Cooper ; Ward 2, Joseph Hen- drick, Cammillus Kidder, Benjamin Tainter ; Ward 3, John A. Poor, Richard Condon, Gamaliel Marchant; Ward 4, John Godfrey, John R. Greenough, Thomas Finson ; Ward 5, Andrew W. Hasey, Henry Little, Robert Boyd ; Ward 6, Nathan Perry, Eben French, C. B. Holmes ; Ward 7, John Short, Samuel Thatcher, Jr., Nathaniel Lord. The Whigs carried the city, and the Democrats the county in the election of Register of Deeds, Stevens Daias being re-elected over John S. Sayward. Hollis Bowman was chosen President of the Council. John Williams was elected City Treasurer, William Abbott City Solicitor, John (J. Brown City Physician, William Emerson, second. City Marshal, and Ebenezer French Chief Engineer of Fire Department, Richard Condon Street Commissioner. The Legislature provided that the "surplus revenue" should be paid to the towns and cities of the State in proportion to the number of inhabitants therem respect- ively. The city voted to receive its share, and appointed John Wilkins, the City Treasurer, agent to receive it. The appointment of this agent was made a party ques- tion, and the Democrats voted for Levi Bradley. Otis Small was appointed Sheriff of the county, in place of Joshua Carpenter, the high-stepping, demi-mili- tary Sheriff, whose services had been dispensed with after his unfortunate criminal adventure. The Street Commissioner of 1836, John Brown, was quite severely criticised because he did not keep strictly within his appropriations; at which he felt aggrieved. The criticisms, doubtless, were of much benefit as a warning to the disbursing officers of all the departments thereafter. A convention of the Whig members of the Legislature nominated Edward Kent as their candidate for Governor, and appointed James Appleton, of Portland, Elisha H. Allen, of Bangor, and Samuel P. Benson, of Winthrop, to inform him of the nomination. On their doing so, Mr. Kent replied, that if he consulted his individual wishes and private feelings, he should unhesitatingly de- cline the nomination. It was an office he should never seek, and would most reluctantly accept. But feeling the obligations resting upon every man to shrink from no duty assigned him, he should waive all private objec- tions, and consent. The nomination was favorably received by his party throughout the State, who felt that the prospect of elect- ing him was not discouraging, notwithstanding the Dem- ocratic party was understood to be in a majority. There was an effort made in the last Legislature to increase the number of judges, that the business of the county might be disposed of. While the subject was under discussion a member remarked that, "If the people of Bangor did not pay their debts, the fact proved their dishonesty, rather than any imperfection in the courts," This led to a consideration of the "credit system," which i was alleged to be inseparable from Our institutions; I doubtless it had been_abused; it could not be abolished tliSTORY OF iPENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 76t if it was desirable; it raust, therefore, be regulated. "Give us good and wholesome laws in relation to this subject, and let thera be impartially and promptly and cheaply . executed." The citizens of Bangor were proud of their Lyceum. In their report of its doings the past winter (1836-37), the managers could not forbear to congratulate their mem- bers upon the unanticipated success "which had crowned all its efforts." Ten lectures had been delivered, and five questions debated and finally disposed of. The subjects had been varied, and to all appearance had se- cured very general interest. The audiences had been full and attentive. The exercises had been of a high character, and were contributed to mainly, if not wholly, by citizens of Ban- gor; and the managers affirmed that "few cities of recent growth probably could boast of a greater number of ed- ucated men." There were "gentlemen distinguished both for their literary and scientific attainments," who would be willing to contribute to the objects of the insti- tution. The finances were in a prosperous condition, and the Lyceum bade fair to be of great benefit to Ban- gor; and it proved to be. There are now, probably, as accomplished scholars in Bangor as there were then, and a larger number of them. If there were a similar oppor- tunity, would they not be willing to follow in the foot- steps of their predecessors for the entertainment and im- provement of their fellow-citizens? There had been great complaint of the management of the post-office in Bangor. One cause of the com- plaint was the delay in opening the mails. At length there was a disturbance in the entry of the office of a violent character, that drew from General Trafton, the Postmaster, a long statement in the Whig and Courier, under the head of "Outrage upon the Post-office," in which he called for the names of the rioters, set forth the mischief and injury they had done, and expressed his obli- . gations for "the courtesy and civilities" which he had uniformly received from a very large portion of the citi- zens of Bangor. The editor of the Whig pronounced the statement a "tissue of falsehoods." That there was some noise in the entry of the post-office he admitted; but it was because of the refusal of the clerks to open the office after the mail was distributed, and the "larger number of our most respectable citizens" who were there became impatient, and, as was natural, somewhat demon- strative. General Trafton was not there, nor his chief clerk, and all seemed to grow out of the tardmess of the boys. There had before been much complaint of the delay in the office in distributing the mail. There was doubtless a lacking of help. This was a difificulty that was not soon remedied. It was a long time before the service attained its present perfection. The theatre that was opened with so much eclat last year did not come up to its promises. It was announced that it would be re-opened this year. The Whig affirmed that "it was a source of evil last year," and regretted that its pernicious influence was again to be exerted. "We hope, at least, the company will not be such a miserable set as the last. One thing further: Last year the theatre was a nursery of intemperance. Its bar was supplied with liquors of all kinds, and it was freely visited by per- sons of all ages." Complaint was made that a few days before the finan- cial year commenced, from thirty to fifty thousand dol- lars of the bank stock in the Mercantile and Penobscot Banks was transferred to an individual in Boston to avoid its being taxed, and the question was whether such conduct was commendable, or even common honesty ? Suppose the holders in Bangor were indebted to the vendee to the amount of their stock, would that change the complexion of the transaction of April 10? The City Treasurer, Mr. Wilkins, communicated to the City Council the fact that he had received from the State the sum of $10,420.58. The Council passed an order that the money which had been or should be received on deposit from the State be passed to the credit of the city debt and interest fund, and that what was not wanted to meet the present demands on the Treasury be loaned to one or more of the city banks that would pay not less than six per cent, interest. At the April term of the Supreme Court in York county. Judge Shepley delivered the opinion of the Court that the "surplus money could not be divided among the inhabitants of a town according to families," in the case of Hooper vs. Emery. In 1837, for the purpose of determining the proportion of the surplus revenue to which Bangor was entitled, a census was taken. From this census all foreigners who had not been in the country five years were excluded. Ward I contained 558; Ward 2, 1,109; Ward 3, 1,228; Ward 4, 1,170; Ward 5, 1,609; Ward 6, 976; Ward 7, 1,756; total, 8,406. The foreigners who had not been in the country five years were estimated to be 800; grand total 9,206. By the census taken two years before the population was 7,547, making the increase in two years 1,659. The credit of the East was in such bad repute that a meeting of merchants in Boston determined that they would not sell goods to go thither on credit. This led to an investigation as to where the balance of indebted- ness was between Bangor and Boston, and it was found that Bangor was owing $300,000 to Boston, and that Boston was owing $600,000 to Bangor, making the bal- ance due from Boston to Bangor $300,000. This, ac- companied by the fact that Bangor had on hand lumber of the value of $3,000,000, convertible as soon as Bos- ton and the other croakers were able to pay for it, would put Bangor m an exceptional financial condition. On the 15th May, this year, in convention, the direc- tors of the Kenduskeag, Commercial, Bank of Bangor, Eastern, Penobscot, and Globe Banks resolved that as the banks in nearly all the large towns and cities in the United States had suspended specie payment, notwith- standing they were in possession of their usual amount ' of specie, it was for their own interest, and the interest of the business community generally, to adopt the same •course. They adopted it, not from any want of means, and assured the public that they would not suffer loss 702 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. and that they should, as before, receive on deposit or in payment of debts current bills of the banks of New Eng- land. Dr. Jackson made his first report on the geology of Maine, which satisfied intelligent legislators that the sur- vey was of infinitely more value than the money expended for it. A Bangor writer expressed surprise "that any objection should have been made in our Legislature to the necessary appropriations for completing the under- taking." The objection came from a similar class of men who, from ignorance, or meanness, or jealousy, are every year doing their utmost to break down the State College, by refusing proper appropriations. They can see more beauty in a dollar than in all the good that can be derived from any intellectual investigation or scientific exploration or educational enterprise thnt will be hkely to cost the State a penny. The pernicious legislation in this State, in such matters, will keep the State a " back- woods" State as long as it continues. A complete geological survey of the State would doubtless bring to light coal, iron, and various other minerals that would be a source of vast wealth. In the course of Dr. Jackson's investigations a specimen of red slate came into his possession, covered with black oxide of manganese. This indicated to his mind, and he pre- dicted, that iron ore would be found in the locality which produced this specimen. On visiting the spot he dis- covered an extensive bed of the ore, fifty or sixty rods in width. Legislation which will bring people into the State would seem to be preferable to that which will drive them put of it. The Mercantile Bank, one of the deposit banks, fol- lowed the fashion and stopped specie payments. The other deposit bank,— the People's, — it is said, took ad- vantage of the fashionajDle condition of affairs and pressed a great quantity of its bills in circulation, while it retained the people's specie. "A Democrat" inquired where the specie was which people ought to have had when the surplus money was divided ? "In the People's Bank," he answered. "It is a fact, and the people know it; and when their several agents called upon that bank for their money, it urged upon them their bills, and were thus the means of putting in circulation a great many thousand dollars of paper instead of specie." The financial difficulties of the day were a God-send to the Whigs, and they could not do otherwise than make them do duty in their behalf They insisted that the troubles all grew out of the action of the Government in overthrowing the United States Bank and depositing the national moneys in "pet" banks at first, and afterwards, deeming them unsafe, depositing them in the United States Treasury. In vain did the Democrats insist that the stringency was due to overtrading and speculating ; the people were told it was the Government tinkering with the currency. And the people will believe anything against the Government, even though by a little exertion of their own mental faculties they will perceive that the fault lies at their own door. But they prefer that the j newspapers should do their thinking ; especially the op- position newspapers ! The first number of the Bangor Journal, a weekly lit- erary paper, edited by Rev. Dr. Curtis* and his son, and published by Mr. S. S. Smithf, appeared on June 2, and continued a year. This paper contained much valuable matter, but it was not a popular paper. It contained favorable notices of Dr. Jackson's Geological Report, and an early number contained a sermon from Dr. Curtis, in which he made a reference that may have touched a tender spot. "Spec- ulative habits," he said, "when most successful with the individual, are most corrupting and deleterious in the community. That in many instances they have succeed- ed is true ; and what has followed, generally speaking ? The cultivation of the mind, the economy of time ob- tained by wealth to enrich the intellectual or train the moral powers ? Has it brought into the country large libraries ; enabled any ten eminent artists to live here within the last ten years, who could not live here pre- viously; inspired even a better taste for any single liberal art or science ? Have not the fruits of this success been expended, in plain truth (in many cases), rather on the body than on the mind ; on costly entertainments, showy furniture, and ostentatious personal display, rather than on learning, the arts, or anything mental, or moral, or benevolent? Did education become remarkably solid while whole classes of the community were growing re- markably rich ? " This Scotchman could put his questions more calmly than the speculating classes could answer them. There has been at no time in the Bangor history anything like the numerous and "costly entertainments"! that were given in the later period of the "speculation times"; and the ambition that existed in the matters of "showy fur- niture and ostentatious personal display " had not before or has it since been so dazzlingly manifested. The "Suffolk Bank system" was now complained of as operating injuriously to the business community. By this system the bills of the banks in Bangor were current in Boston at par. By an arrangement of the banks the Suffolk Bank, in Boston, for a consideration, redeemed their bills. Without such an arrangement their bills would have been at a discount out of the State. It was said that the "course of trade " was carrying all our bills to Boston, and they were going immediately to the Suf- folk Bank, and, notwithstanding all our banks could do, the balances against them were increasing. This, if con- tinued, must end disastrously ; and, as specie payments were stopped, we should have no currency at all. Better have a depreciated currency, which would result from breaking up the Suffolk system, than none; for with that we could buy the necessaries of life, pay debts, and trans- act business in the State. The question was freely dis- cussed, and several of, if not all, the banks withdrew from the Suffolk management. The appropriations this year were for highways, $5,- * Dr. Curtis was a learned Baptist clergyman from .Scotland. t Mr. Samuel S. Smith came to Bangor from the office of Glazier, Masters & Smith, of Hallowell, and was a famous job printer and pub- lisher for more than a quarter of a century in Bangor. J Large parties were given almost every night in the week, and the reigning belles had not sufficient time for sleep. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 703 400; common schools, $5,400; high-school, $1,100; paupers, $4,000; watch, $1,500; fire department, $2,000! salaries, $4,000; contingent, $5,000; total, $28,000. Dr. J. G. Brown having resigned as City Physician, Dr. Daniel McRuer was elected to that office. In the spring of this year the salmon, shad, and ale- wives prepared a representation to the Legislatiue to the effect that although at their last session they had passed a law whereby they "could more easily pass up the river," yet that they had not half done their work. They now could not get up the river by reason of the obstruc- tions, which they could not see till they got to them for the sawdust; they therefore requested that all the saw- mills be annihilated, as their (the fishes^jreater value "as a source of wealth was well known." ^^ Had Commissioner Elias M. Stilwell and his coadju- tors been here in that day, the poot'': fishes would have been induced to let the saw-mills'^ stand, by having secured to them fish-ways for their own especial use, not- withstanding they still have to run the gauntlet through hordes of thieving poachers. ... The citizens were again incensed because Mr. Greeley the agent appointed by the County Commissioners of Penobscot County, to take the census of Madawaska, had been a second time arrested and committed to the jail in Fredericton. -• ^!«'''' The editor of Zion's Advocate, sof^Pprtland, wrote, from Fredericton on June 17, that he hadithal day visi^ed- Mr. Greeley in the jail; that he was a citizen of Dover, Maine; that the actual dominion of the disputed territory was under New Brunswick; that there were British magistrates there; that there were a few Americans set- tled there who wished to come under American laws — but the great body of the people were French,- to whom the two Governments were indifferent; that Mr. Greeley proceeded to take the census until he reached the house of one of the magistrates, where he was entertained for the night and permitted to go in the morning; that he reached the other magistrate who caused him to be ar- rested and sent him to Woodstock; but the Sheriff re; fused to commit him and let him go, and he returned to complete the work of taking the census. A messenger was sent with the information to Governor Sir John Harvey, who, after consultation with the Crown officers, caused him to be arrested and sent to Fredericton jail; that he (the editor) saw Mr. Greeley in an apartment in the jail writing a letter with the door open; that he saw neither jailor nor lock, and that he understood Mr. Greeley was allowed to go about the jail, but not out of the yard unless he would give bail; and that the magis- trate who caused his arrest said that the American Gov- ernment had "stipulated that the actual dominion should remain as it is until the final establishment of the bound- ary, " This would seem to have been the understanding from the letter of Mr. Livingston, Secretary of State, to Governor Smith in 183 1; but the military functionaries were on the alert for an opportunity to distinguish them- selves in maintaining the dignity and integrity of the State at all events, and the incarceration of Greeley led the Adjutant-General, A. B. Thompson, to sound the note of alarm by General Order No. 57, dated Augusta, June 27, 1837. It began: Fellow-soldiers, the soil of our Slate has been invaded. One of our citizens, while in the performance of duty required by law, was arrested within the territory of Maine and carried to an adjacent foreign province where he now remains incarcerated within the walls of a prison. . The integrity of the State must be preserved. . . . Our citizens must be secure within our limits. . The Commander-in-chief therefore calls upon the militia to. hold themselves in readiness to obey such orders as the securitv of our citi- zens and the honor of the State may require. Whereupon Lieutenant-Colonel Colin Campbell de- clared it his duty to issue what he termed "Militia Dis- trict Orders" under date of "St. Andrew's, July, 1831, as follows : The First Battahon of the Charlotte county militia are hereby ordered to be in readiness to march at an hour's warning, either to Fredericton or such other point as may be directed by his Excellency, the Lieuten- ant-Governor and Commande--in-Chief. Then followed the response of Major-General Isaac Hodsdon. After referring to the call of the General Or- der No. 57, and the cause of it, in his Division Circular, under date of July 12, 1837, the Major-General says: To this, call of the Commander-in-chief the Major-General heartily responds,* and has great pleasure in believing that the troops of this Di- vision would give a cordial welcome to any orders from the proper au- thority which would authorize them to establish, in double-quick time, the Northeastern boundary of this State, so far easterly from the "Mon- ument" as to include Fredericton jail. . . . It is a subject of regret that-any existing controversy respecting the boundary of this State 'shouldjbe:Uised:a5 an apology for not protecting our citizens in .the enjoyment of our liberties against the kidnapping and piratical at- tacks of a mere province to that Government whose whole national force has more than once been humbled by the mihtary power of the Unitecf States By the law of nations, the sovereign power may grantletters of marque and reprisal on all persons grieved in time of peace, after request and refusal of satisfaction within convenient time, and by virtue of these may attack and seize the property of the aggressive nation, with- out hazard of being condemned as a robber or pirate; and if these premises are correct as to the injuries done to property, with how much more propriety may we seize, by way of reprisal, so many subjects of his Britanic Majesty's province as will insure the immediate discharge of Ebenezer S. Greeley, Esq. , from his unjustifiable and illegal impris- onment in a British province? The whole of the circular, which is somewhat lengthy, is replete with the military fire and wrath of the Major- General, who insists that "it is the business of military men to obey orders," and not as soldiers to settle "na- tional controversies and diplomatic questions." The effect of the various orders promulgated, and ar- guments embraced in some of them, kept the public mind inflamed, and prepared the way for the demonstrations that culminated, a year or two after this, in that great general muster, and marching and counter-marching, and general drill and general camping-out, called the "Aroostook War." The matter between the proprietors of the Bangor House and Martin S. Wood was referred, and the award of the referees, as published, was: To Mr. Wood, . eighteen months' rent of the premises; a promissory note of $4,000, given to the proprietors; half the amount of taxes on the premises; $1,700 for use and depreciation of furniture; $500 costs. To the proprietors, $85 and half the costs of reference. Charles G, Bryant and forty others made a petition to 704 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the Mayor and Aldermen to call a meeting of the voters to determine whether they would instruct the City Gov- ernment in relation to the disposition of the surplus revenue, and if so, what disposition the inhabitants would vote to have them make of it. The committee, to whom the matter was referred, through Bradford Harlow, Esq., its chairman, made a report that, as the Legislature had deposited the money with the city in its corporate capacity, and held its prop- erty liable to the repayment, and forbade the distribution or loaning without actual and bona fide security, as the SupreiHe Court had decided, they were unanimously of the opinion that the board was not by law obliged to call the meeting; that such a meeting would be inex- pedient, and that they had no doubt that all reasonable people would be satisfied with their decision. The re- port was long, fully discussed the question, and was pub- lished in the newspapers, and doubtless " all reasonable people " were satisfied. - Although Colonel Carpenter was scotched, he was not killed ; for at the Van Buren convention at Augusta, on June 28, he appeared as a delegate from Chester, where he did not reside. He claimed to be admitted as his right. Jona. P. Rogers advocated his claim, but the convention, by a vote of 81 to loi, refused to admit him, and thus the ex-Sheriff was scotched again. Having disposed of the Colonel and "old 'Squire Vance," the convention proceeded to vote for a candidate for Governor. At the first balloting there was no choice; at the second Gorham Parks received 167 votes and Rufus Mclntyre 137; whereupon Mr. Mclntyre expressed his gratification that he was not selected, and moved that the convention make the vote for Mr. Parks unani- mous. It did so; whereupon Mr. Parks, in a graceful speech, expressed his regret that the convention had not selected a better man. The nomination of his friend, Mclntyre, would have been much more gratifying to him than his own noniination. The small-bill law had become odious. It was one of those enactments that the people could not sustain. A medium for the transaction of business they must have. Small bills were as much a necessity as coin, for coin in sufficient quantities could not be had, except at a premium, and that made it impossible for many people to have it at all. Small bills, therefore, were a necessity and as necessity knows no law, the small-bill law was inoperative. There were two celebrations on the Fourth of July— a Sunday-school celebration and a military celebration. The former was at Hammond Street church. The spectacle of the large assembly of scholars was very attractive and inviting. Speeches were made by Mr. Kent who thought that Sunday-school teachers should instil in the minds of their pupils the principles of temperance, and by appeals to their love of their parents and friends and hopes of future usefulness, to convince them of the necessity of making total abstinence from all that can intoxicate a matter of principle; and by Hon. Mr. Red- ington, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the State Temperance society ; and by Jacob McGaw, who said that it was upon the Sunday-school that we must depend in a great measure for safety against such evils and miseries as existed in France at the time of the Revolution in that country, when ignorance and vice of every description prevailed, the Sabbath was abolished, and the country was deluged with the best blood of the nation; and by Rev. Mr. Curtis, who said that the great cause of the Christian religion depended for its future support and glory upon the Sabbath-schools, and enforced the proposition by an exceedingly interesting speech. This celebration was spoken of enthusiastically, and those who attended it were very agreeably entertained. The military celebration was by the military companies, and abounded with patriotic ardor. The oration was by Frederick H. Allen, Esq., and was pronounced "able," The Declaration was read by Major John L. Hods- don. Dr. Hedge made an impassioned and eloquent prayer. Speeches were made by George W. Cooley and Elisha H. Allen, Esqs., and were cheered by "three times three, particularly the allusion of the latter to 'planting the American banner on the lines of '83 !'" Sentiments relating to the Northeastern boundary were abundant and spicy. That by Mr. J. C. Haynes was comprehensive enough to suit all. " Northeastern Boundary — We will be King of all the Hither Lands, and old John Bull may be King of all the Further Lands." The celebration was non-partisan, and the local po- litical hatchet was nowhere visible. A "good time" was provided for and enjoyed. A meeting of the citizens was held on July 8, in which, by resolution, they expressed their dissatisfaction with the law of the last Legislature "restricting the loaning of money to those who can give safe and ample security, [as it] confers a benefit, upon the rich while it defrauds the poor of the patrimony which our father's blood and treasure secured for the benefit of all;" that they were opposed to nullification, and therefore requested their next Representative in the Legislature to endeavor to secure the passage of a law distributing the money among the people." Among the resolutions passed was this admirable one: That we will not, under any circumstances, require an officer to sup- port the laws, and afterward instruct him to violate them. Doubtless this referred to the attempt to induce the City Council to distribute the surplus money without re- quiring security, as had been done in some other cities. The Northeastern Boundary was constantly agitated, A letter from Caleb Gushing, Member of Congress, to Edward Everett, Governor of Massachusetts, containing a very clear statement of the American claim, was pub- lished in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier of July 18, 1837- The letter stated that in one of the committee rooms of the Capitol at Washington, there was a very large map of Lower Canada, ten or twelve feet in length, pur- porting to be published in England, August 12, 18 15, by W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty, and dedicated to HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 70s the Prince Regent by its author, Colonel G. Bouchette, his Majesty's Surveyor General : At one extremity of this British map, stamped all over with the seal of official authenticity and royal authority, is a country marked off as usual, and occupying one-half of the width of the map, designated as the "Province of Maine." Thewords Province of Maine run across the River St. John, and also north of the St. John across the River Madawaska. Towards the St. Lawrence there is depicted a range of highlands, thus designated on the map, " Northeasterlyridge or height of land — and projected where the United States claim the line to be." South of it {this range) entirely, are the River St. Francis, a main branch of the St. John, on the Canada side; Temiscouta Lake, which is the reservoir of the Madawaska, another branch of the St. John, on the same side, and numerous lake streams flowing into the Temiscouta Lake. You perceive that on this map the head-waters of the great river St. John and its upper tributary streams, and the extensive region of coun- try watered by them, are placed wholly and universally within ihe limits of the United States. Mr. Gushing adds : Great Britain wants this territory, and having failed once to obtain it by conquest, she is now endeavoring to obtain it by diplomacy, and tc transfer the boundary highlands from the northerly to the southerly side of the head-waters of the St. John, and take six million acres of land from the United States. We of the United States maintain that, from the ascertained point of the source of the St. Croix, the river runs due north to highlands ad- joining the tributary streams of the St. Lawrence, and thence south- westerly by such highlands, to the head-waters of the Connecticut. We claim this tract of highlands to be the traditionary line, and the only line which fulfils the requisition of the treaty of peace.* Major Simon Harriman, whose name has been some- what conspicuous in these pages, died on the 29th of July, at the age of seventy-five. He was a soldier of the Revolution. On July 31 plans for a market-house were reported to the City Council, and the report was accepted. Taking his text from the assertion of some one abroad who had been in Bangor this season, that he had counted the vacant stores and there were "at this moment" loi destitute of occupants," a writer says that, "taking into view the whole subject connected with its history, no place in the Union is in better trim or freer from debt than Bangor, and talking of business, if we look at Bos- ton and New York, our own city is a queen to them. For the last month (this was in August) our wharves have been constantly thronged by vessels, lading and unlading, and it is even a matter of astonishment to us to witness so much activity among our citizens, whilst at the same time the cry of 'hard times and no money' is kept up." Notwithstanding all this, Bangor did not continue to progress in the same ratio with Boston and New York. It had much to contend against ; it grew slowly ; its citi- zens accumulated wealth, and all, but the population that are ever on the wing, were contented with their lot. State politics were active. Gorham Parks being the candidate of the Democrats, and Edward Kent the can- didate of the Whigs, and both belonging to Bangor, • there was much sharp criticism by the organs of the two parties. Mr. Parks having been in Congress and in various public positions, had given his opponents op- In another letter published in the Whig and Courier of July 25, Mr. Gushing presented the argument pro and con. A third letter was published in the Whig August ist, and a fourth in the Whig of August 8th. portunity to question him sharply upon matters in which he had made himself conspicuous, as: "Who voted in Congress against the distribution of the surplus revenue?" "Who voted against the appropriations for erecting fortifications on the Penobscot River? " " Who prevented Governor Lincoln, of Massachusetts, on the floor of Congress from advocating the speedy settlement of the Northeastern boundary ? " And they charged him with opposing Mr. Clay's Land Distribution Bill, and gave as a reason that he was in favor of fortifications and then turned round and voted against fortifications, including several in his own State. Mr. Kent had made himself prominent on the Argyle question, otherwise the Democrats could not at that time find much in his public life for criticism. They accused him of making an agrarian speech in the Legislature of 1830, but did not make count upon the effect of the criticism. This was not personal, farther than the per- son was connected with public acts, for which his party as well as himself was responsible. One charge the Whigs made against Mr. Parks was that he extenuated the crime of Colonel Carpenter. Several affidavits of several respectable citizen were published to that effect, and doubtless it operated against his election. It proved that however sincere a man may be in his belief is not always prudent to express, it espe- cially when it is in opposition to the moral sense of the community, and he is a candidate for office. The fol- lowing is the affidavit of, at that time, one of the oldest and most respectable and well-known of the citizens: Bangok, August, 1837. I hereby certify that, after the return of Colonel Gorham Parks from Congress, and after Colonel Carpenter had left the office of Sheriff, I heard Colonel Parks say, that he should not have removed him from office for the crime that he was accused of, and that he did not think the crime a sufficient cause to remove a man from office. Wiggins Hill. Sworn to before Enoch Brown, Justice of the Peace. Other gentlemen made lengthy affidavits that Colonel Parks said that Colonel Carpenter was an honorable and high-minded man, and the laws he was accused of vio- lating ought to be repealed. Doubtless Colonel Parks was sincere when he said that his friend Mclntyre's nomination would have been more gratifying to him than his own. George Washington Dixon, the " American Melodist," of whom Henry Clay remarked that in his singing of the Marseillaise Hymn, he " could arouse feelings of the loftiest patriotism in the bosom of every lover of liberty," entertained a Bangor audience on the evening of Au- gustisth at the Baptist meeting-house, on Harlow street, with his national, nautical, French, Italian, German, and English melodies, among which was "The Fireman's Call," which he had recently written, and which, it was claimed, " far exceeded the Marseillaise Hymn." He sang it with great power, and some who had never heard the Marseillais Hymn thought it might be superior; the Frenchmen, however, would not admit it. Mr, Dixon had a good voice and sang with effect, 7o6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. He gave a concert afterwards at the theater and from its receipts gave $50 to the Fuel Society. Captain Howes, of the steamer Bangor, had a griev- ance which he must needs bring before the public. He stated that on April 2d, at Bucksport, owing to the drifting ice he could not land his passengers from his vessel on the wharf, but was obliged to land them in a small boat; and as great care was required in such cases, owing to the timidity of women and children, he gave his own special attention to it ; that the officers might not be obstructed in attending to their duties, an iron rail had been put around the promenade deck, within which passengers could move at their will, and without which was a narrow space for the officers, and signs were painted on these notifying passengers that they were not to pass outside of the rail, for various reasons connected with the safety of the boat and passengers ; that while he was oc- cupied on the outside of the rail with the leaving pas- sengers, and as he was turning for some purpose, he came in contact with S. L. Haynes, who was directly behind him outside of the rail, and the space was so narrow that he came near being pitched overboard; that there were others outside of the rail, and that he requested all to pass inside the rail, and all complied but Haynes, who was directly in front of him, and the space was so narrow that he could not pass him, and he repeated his request that he pass inside the rail ; that he paid no attention to it, but looked him directly in the face ; that he took hold of Haynes's arm and " told him that he must go on the other side of the rail," and that Haynes instantly gave him a blow on the side of the neck with his fist that came near knocking him overboard. The Captain detailed certain other circumstances growing out of the affair, showing that he did not forget it, and that he was determined not to have Haynes again a passenger under him; that he on the 5th of August afterward saw Haynes on his boat at Owlshead and ordered him off, giving as a reason his having struck and insulted him at Bucksport, and that Haynes denied it; that he told Haynes he would put him on shore at the next landing ; that before reaching Belfast he told him that he could go on shore at Belfast or proceed to Bangor as he pleased, but it was not settling the matter on his part; that he should have accepted an apology, but as he had not given one he should still hold him responsible. But Haynes concluded to explain. He admitted that he was outside the rail, thoughtlessly, with others ; that he was six feet from Howes, and he, in attempting to pass ran against him, who remarked that he came near throwing him into the river; that Howes previous to that requested the passengers to leave the side, and called in a fierce tone, " Clear out ! clear out ! you have no business here;" that Howes was near the wheel- house, where there was space for thirty men ; that he im- mediately complied with Howes's order, walking in his usual pace, and remarking that he would thank him to speak in a more gentlemanly manner ; that he was then seized by the shoulder and violently pushed, and Captain Howes repeatedly vociferated, "I'll, help you." "While he had hold of me," said Haynes, " I turned, and hav- ing knocked off a volley of blows, seized him by the coat- collar and shook him until I thought he was not danger- ous to go at large ; in other words, he was as quiet as a a lamb. I did not strike him, although I do not claim credit for forbearance, for I should have done it, could I have done so without knocking him overboard." Samuel Grant, by affidavit, subsequently confirmed Captain Howes's statement in regard to the affair at Bucksport, and to Haynes's striking the first blow. The moral of this story is that passengers on board ship, if they would not be guilty of a breach of the peace, or be the cause of a breach of the peace by others, must keep within the limits assigned them, and not trespass on the domains of those who have the responsibility of the safety, not only of the ship, but of all on board it. As the steamer Bangor is identified somewhat with the history of Bangor, and has been before mentioned in these pages, it is proper that a general statement in re- gard to her and to her final disposition, should be made here. The steamer Bangor was built in New York in 1834, expressly for the route between Bangor and Boston. She was about four hundred tons burthen, had fore and aft sails, and was a well-appointed vessel. Captain George Barker devoted a great deal of time in making arrange- ments for her construction, and in getting her upon the water. She was from 6 o'clock on Tuesday morning to Sunday afternoon making the round trip by way of Port- land to Boston, and back by the same route, stopping at Portland during the night. She was a side-wheel boat, painted white, and wood was used in her furnaces. She was popular while in the New England waters. She made her last trip to Bangor in April, 1842, and on the 25th was at Portland. After she was put in condition for a voyage across the ocean, she left on the isth of August for Constantinople, where she was employed in conveying passengers until the Sultan took a fancy to her and put her into his navy, so metamorphosed in name and appearance that her old acquaintances would have found it difficult to recognize her. She was commanded for several years, before she left her original route, by Captain Howes, who was popular, except with Mr. Sullivan L. Haynes and a few others. After he left the Bangor he commanded several other boats, none of which came up to his ideas of what a steam packet should be, until he was instrumental in having constructed a very elegant, convenient, and fast boat, called the "State of Maine," which he ran between Bangor and Boston until her owners came to the conclu- sion that so fine a boat could do better elsewhere. He was born in Yarmouth, Cape Cod, and died March 22, 1849. The Portland Transcript embalmed the memory of the "Bangor" in the following stanzas ; Staunch old steamer! thou art going From New England shores away; From her rivers, swiftly flowing On their wild and rugged way. Fro[n Penobscot's waters wide, Where thy fire-winged course was held. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 707 Rapid o'er the sinuous tide, Thou art going, — fare thee well! Thou art leaving Christian lands ! Where Marmora's brilliant sand Sparkles 'neath the Orient sun; Where the Arda's waters run, Hasting gladly to the sea; There, henceforth thy destiny. Camden hill and Monhegin, Owl's Head Point and Old Seguin, Thou art leaving far behind. On the wings of steam and wind. Pemaquid and Belfast Bay, Up where the borough islands lay; Duck Trap Cove and Megunticook, All have given their last sad look. Where the Black Sea's surges roar On the rough Romanian shore, 'Mid the galliots' gilded prows. Thou wilt force thy sturdy bows Up Bosphorus's narrow strait, To Byzantium's water-gate, From Belgrad to Ereklire, From Tartarian Ocracrow To the Grecian Haero. Where the knowing Yankees sat. There the bearded Turk will squat; Where erst speculators met On thy deck to "guess' and "bet," There Mohammed's followers grave, Turbaned lord and cringing slave. In solemn pomp and trousers wide. Will thy native land deride; While thy engine strongly works For those lazy, bearded Turks, They will call thy builders "dogs;" "Sons of Shittim," "Christian dogs!" Tough old steamer, fare thee well ! We may never see thee more. Or hear again thy merry bell 'Mid the fogs that veil our shore. Great Chebeague, Hog Isle, and Peak's Long will miss its pleasant tone, ■While 'tis glad'ning Turks and Greeks On the Bay of Samassonon. And when before thee quickly rise Byzantium's domes and minarets tall, 'Round St. Sophia's giant size. Where the Mufti's daily call Brings "the faithful" home to prayer. From thy steam-pipe, loud and clear. Wilt thou, "Bangor," then and there, Puff one sigh for "Portland Pier"? Colonel Parks was not exactly satisfied with the effect of the affidavits in regard to his position, that the law against the crime with which Colonel Carpenter was charged should be repealed, or with being stigmatized as "a levelling, destroying, revolutionary Fanny Wright Locofoco," as he was called by the Whig ; he therefore, in a long communication to Mr. T. C. Haynes, of the Republican, indignantly demurred to the latter appella- tion, and said, "I hold her character and principles (if I understand them right, for I have never read a page of her writings, and know them only through the medium of the public press), in utter abhorrence, that I do not yet believe there is a single individual in this city who be- lieves this charge against me. I am for preserving our religious, moral, and political institutions, as they are se- cured to us by the constitution and laws of our country." The other charge he did not deny, except, perhaps, by implication. He said that, knowing the provocation of Colonel Carpenter arose from personal and political causes, he "very probably remarked that he would not have been prosecuted but for political reasons, and possi- bly that if the law was never put in execution but for the gratification of private motive, and not for the further- ance of justice or the punishment of crime, it had better be off the statute book." But to infer from anything he said at that or any other time, that he approved of or justified licentiousness, was unjust to him, "and utterly without foundation in truth, and what neither of the affi- davit-makers believes." A. G. Wakefield, Esq., was one of the gentleman who made affidavit that Colonel Parks in the convention, be- fore him and Jeremiah Fenno, Esq., the other affiant, distinctly stated that the law against the crime with which Colonel Carpenter was charged, without any reserve or qualification whatever, should be repealed ; and Mr. Wakefield was sustained in this by Moses Patten, Jr., and William H. McCrillis, Esqs. But Colonel Parks had a more difficult matter to settle with members of his own party, than that. He had stated to the Democratic Senator in Congress from Maine, Hon. John Ruggles, that he did not know who was to be nominated for Governor of the State, "but one thing he wished to have understood, which was that if Colonel Hodsdon should be nominated, he would oppose his election in every shape and form and at all times and places in which his opposition could be made to bear upon him." On Mr. Ruggles alluding to the doctrine of "regular nominations," he remarked that " he would op- pose him at every stage, both before and after the nomi- nation, regular or irregular, be the consequences what they might." He had also said the same thing to Gus- tavus G. Cusman, Esq., as was affirmed by Henry War- ren, the broker. Adherence to regular nominations was a cardinal doc- trine of the Democratic party; and one hundred good men and true, of that party, headed by William Emer- son, published a card to the effect that if this fact and another fact, that Samuel Smith, a late Federalist, was one of his most active supporters, had been known pre- vious to the convention at Augusta, they did not believe that Colonel Parks would have been nominated; nor could they, until the matter was fully and satisfactorily "cleared up," give him their support as the candidate of the Democratic party for Governor of Maine. The effect of the canvass against Colonel Parks was to reduce his vote in Bangor, and to defeat him as Governor of Maine. Colonel Parks was a gentleman of fine personal ap- pearance, of courteous bearing, and a popular speaker. He was a lawyer, but more a politician than a lawyer. He never particularly identified himself with the interests of the city. He possessed considerable literary taste, but was a greater reader than worker. He preferred of- ficial life to office life. He left Bangor finally to take the consulship at Rio, under President Polk, as successor to Governor Kent, and never returned to Bangor to reside. 7o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Thomas Jefferson Forbes, a native of Bangor, son of William Forbes, died at Columbus, Mississippi, August 21. He was a graduate of Brown University, read law with Hon. William D. Williamson in Bangor, and was admitted to the Bar in 1829. He practiced in Levant and in Bangor a few years; but preferring literary employ- ment, he went South, teaching at different places in acad- emies. He finally settled in Columbus in 1835, and be- came editor and proprietor of the Southern Argus, and distinguished himself by his "ability, learning, and accom- plishments." In its obituary notice of him, that paper said: Mr. Forbes, by the amenity of his manners and the excellence of his disposition, called around him, wherever he went, a large circle of bosom friends; while the high respect entertained for him by the citi- zens of Columbus was fully evinced on the day of his burial, the funeral procession being as large, if not the largest of any one ever witnessed in this town. William Forbes, Esq., father of the above Thomas J., came to Bangor in 1800, from Greenfield, Massachusetts, where he was engaged in trade several years, and was compelled to suspend in consequence of the embargo. He bought the Jedidiah Preble truck-house — the first frame house in Bangor — near the "Red Bridge," where he resided with his family many years. In 1803 he was Postmaster of Bangor, under Gideon Granger, and then Postmaster-General. He took a deep interest in educa- tion, and gave his children — five sons and two daughters — all the aid in this direction that he could. Two of his sons he helped to professions, Thomas J. and Daniel, who was a physician, and died in charge of a hospital in the War of the Rebellion. Another son — Charles — served in this war three years. His two daughters were educated ladies ; one of them became the wife of Rev. Richard Woodhull, and the other the wife of Hon. A. G. Wakefield. Mr. Forbes was born in Westboro, Massachusetts, in 1763, and died in Bangor in 1846, at the age of eighty- three. His father was a member of the General Court of Massachusetts twelve successive years, and his father fourteen successive years. He was the great-grandson of Daniel Forbes, a Scotch warrior, who came to this country in 1657, brmging with him the old claymore that he had wielded against the English— a weapon that descended to this great-grandson, who did service in the Revolution- ary War, which he engaged in at seventeen. Whether he, too, chopped off English heads with this tremendous two-handed weapon does not appear. He, doubtless, would have liked to use it upon Benedict Arnold, whom he, with others, was sent in pursuit of, and whom he saw getting out of an English barge, but was so far off that he could not reach him. Mr. Forbes, with Amos Patten and Newell Bean, helped to lay the foundation of the Unitarian Society in Bangor, the meetings of which he attended. Edward Kent was elected Governor and Elisha H. Allen Representative to the Legislature a second time from Bangor, both Whigs. Ebenezer Higgins and Daniel Emery were elected Senators, both Democrats. T]je Whigs did not have the election all their own way. Hannibal Hamlin, Democrat, was elected Representa- tive from Hampden, and, with similar enthusiasm to that he has ever manifested for the success of the Republican cause, he labored when in the Legislature to prevent Mr. Kent being inaugurated Governor. It being the most gratifying victory the Whigs ever had in Maine, they brought a twenty-four-pound gun from Castine, that by it they might express their joy to Deraocraric neighbors in tones they could not misappre- hend. But they professed to some humanity, and to modify somewhat the thunder of the discharge they put the brass pieces of the artillery in operation, accompanied by the ringing of bells, with an occasional interlude by way of refreshment from the brass band. This multi- form music delighted and astounded the hearers from dawn to dark; and no doubt Mr. Emerson, Colonel Hodsdon, and all the politicians who believed in the principle of regular nominations, were impressed and gratified by this form of response to the effect of their action. The rejoicing was not confined to Bangor. The Whigs all over the country were extravagant in their expressions of joy over the result in Maine — a Democratic State ! Mr. Garrison had been in Bangor and talked to the people upon the subject of the immediate abolition of slavery. There came to be many who believed in the principle, but they did not approve Mr. Garrison's pecu- liar methods. Denunciation was not agreeable to their ears; they believed in the theory of "easy blows," etc., and they believed in actio n. Therefore they organized the first "Anti-Slavery Society" of Bangor early in Sep- tember of this year, "Auxiliary to the Maine State Anti- Slavery Society," and adopted the following resolutions; Resolved, That this society, in common with abolitionists in general, repudiates the idea of wishing to amalgamate the white and colored races, and believes that whatever evils have resulted from such amalga- mation are justly chargeable to slavery itself. Resolved, That we will never countenance the oppressed in resorting to physical force to vindicate their rights; but could we reach the ear of the slave, would entreat him patiently to endure till his deliverance come. Resolved, That while we admit and maintain the right of free and full discussion on all subjects, yet, in our judgment, individuals rejecting the authority of civil and parental government, ought not to be em- ployed as agents or lecturers in promoting the cause of emancipations. Resolved, That we are opposed to harsh, violent, browbeating, un- christian language or manners on the part of abolitionists, and equally so to all vituperations, gag-laws, and mob measures on the part of their opponents. Resolved, That it is no part of our design to aid in the formation of a political party — our object being exclusively of a moral, philanthropic, and religious nature, such as men of all political sects may unite in, and that we shall consider the object of our association as having been attained, when there shall come to be a deep, universal conviction throughout the land that immediate emancipation is equally the duty- of the master and the right of the slave. Resolved, That the weapons of our warfare are neither bitterness nor wrath, malice nor revenge, but truth and love, which, though moral, are yet mighty, through God, to the pulling down of the stronghold of oppression. Resolved, That it be recommended to the ladies of this city to form a female anti-slavery society. The following officers of the society were chosen : John Godfrey, President; Bradford Harlow, Rev. Stephen Lovell, Joel Hills, Joseph Bryant, Timothy Crosby, Charles Plummer, Vice-Presidents; Rev. Swan L. Pom- roy. Corresponding Secretary; Thomas H. Sanford, Re- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAlNfi. >}0§ cording Secretary; George A. Thatcher, Treasurer; John S. Sayward, Prof. George Shepard, Charles A. Stackpole, Anthony Woodard, Albert G. Wakefield, Henry B. Farn- ham, Charles Greenough, Executive Committee. This society had interesting meetings and discussed the subject of slavery in pursuance of their object to convert the people to the doctrines of immediate eman- cipation. About four years later a large majority of the officers above named came to the conclusion that belief was not action, and that until some aggressive measures were re- sorted to they had no surety of any emancipation at all. They therefore aided in the formation of the political anti-slavery party called the "Liberty party;" and labored in that until it was merged in the "Free-soil party," and in that until it was merged in the Republican party; and in that until universal emancipation was pro- claimed by Abraham Lincoln. At the meeting of the Penobscot Agricultural Society in Exeter, Mr. Kent addressed the society in the extent and variety of the resources of the State, and ranked the agricultural resources among the first. Governor Dunlap appointed Asa Redington, Jr., Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to supply the vacancy oc- casioned by the resignation of Judge Smith, and John McDonald Judge of the Municipal Court of Bangor, for the vacancy made by Judge Farrar's resignation. The following named gentlemen were the officers of the several banks in Bangor this year : Kenduskeag — John Wilkins, President ; George W. Pickering, Elisha H. Allen, Abner Taylor, John Godfrey, Directors ; Theodore S. Dodd, Cashier. People's — William D. Williamson, President; Isaac Hodsdon, Charles Stetson, Jabez True, Albert G. Jew- ett, Theodore B. Mclntyre, Otis Small, Directors; Thomas Drowne, Cashier. Eastern — Amos M. Roberts, President ; John Brad- bury, A. Haynes, Samuel P. Strickland, Directors ; Wil- liam H. Mills, Cashier. Globe — Solomon Parsons, President; Calvin Dwinel, C. Cooper, J. Appleton, Samuel Smith, Directors ; Sid- ney K. Howard, Cashier. Bank of Bangor — Samuel Veazie, President ; James Crosby, Samuel J. Foster, Nathaniel Lord, John Bright, Directors ; Wilham P. Richardson, Cashier. Commercial — John Fiske, President ; Henry Warren, Amos Davis, Fred. Lambert, Leonard Marsh, in place of Rufus Dwinel, resigned, Directors; William H. Foster, Cashier. Penobscot — Isaac Farrar, President ; William Emer- son, E. G. Rawson, Jona. Farrar, Eleazer Coburn, Di- rectors ; John Wyman, Cashier. Mercantile — John Hodgdon, President; Samuel Farrar, Henry Warren, Oliver Frost, Francis G. Butler, William Weatherbee, Hezekiah Williams, Directors ; Samuel Har- ris, Cashier. Lafayette — Thomas A. Hill, President; Joseph Carr, Joseph C. Stevens, Stephen J. Bowles, George Waugh, Directors ; E. T. Coolidge, Cashier. The triennial festival of the Mechanic Association oc- curred on the 1 8th of October. . An address was deliv- ered by Franklin Muzzy, Esq., at the Baptist meeting- house. This address was listened to evidently with great interest by a crowded audience, and was pro- nounced "remarkably neat and appropriate." Mr. Muzzy was one of the first citizens of Bangor, and after- wards was in the State Senate. The initiatory steps for the establishment of the county of Piscataquis were taken this year by action of towns and the publication of a memorial to the Legislature, signed- by James S. Holmes and 125 others, to have certain towns from Penobscot and Somerset counties incorporated as the new county. The managers of the Bangor Lyceum, E. L. Hamlin, D. T. Jewett, and Thomas L. Harlow, gave notice that the opening lecture would be delivered by George B. Moody, Esq.; that Dr. Jackson, State Geologist, would deliver a full course of lectures on geology; and that other lectures would be delivered by William Paine, Esq., John S. Sayward, Esq., Dr. McRuer, Hon. William D. Williamson, Rev. Mr. Pomroy, Dr. Barker, Hon. War- ren Preston, S. H. Blake, Esq., David Worcester, Hon. Henry Warren, and D. Barstow. Dr. Enoch Pond, of the Theological Seminary, pub- Hshed an exposition and vindication of the general form of church government adopted by the Congrega- tional and Baptist churches in America and England, which he believed to be more nearly in accordance with apostolic usage and better adapted to secure the great ends of church organization than any other of which he had knowledge. At the Charleston balloting for Representative to the Legislature, Daniel Chase received 240 votes, D. Chase received one vote, all others 240. The question before the Bangor public was whether any one was elected. The friends of Daniel Chase claimed that he was; the friends of D. Chase and "all others" claimed that Daniel Chase was not elected, for there were other "D. Chases'' in the district. When Benjamin Swett was candidate for county Treasurer, "Benjamin Sweet" received votes enough, with those cast for "Benjamin Swett," to elect that gen- tleman; but the County Commissioners, on the principle that "every tub must stand on its own bottom," decided that Benjamin Swett was not elected, greatly to that gen- tleman's indignation. The Municipal Court, Judge McDonald, wa.s entertained by a controversy between Mistress Honner Belcher and Mr. Abram Roundy, of the suburb Barkeville. She had caused the venerable Mr. Roundy to be brought up on two warrants for a breach of the peace. It appeared that there had been a bellicose transaction between the parties, during which the atmosphere became impregnated with soapsuds, dishcloths, old shoes, hot potatoes, and the like feminine implements of warfare, from which the masculine participant appeared to be engaged in defend- ing himself. The sympathies of the court were with him at the termination of the hearing, and it discharged him; and further, to the utter disgust of the Celtic complain- ant, would not even listen to a proposition to require him to find sureties to keep the peace. 7i6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. On November loth there were i68 vessels in the har- bor. The larger part of them were taking in lumber for the Western and Southern ports and the West Indies. There was much apparent business in the city; but it had suffered and was suffering from the incubus of debt. The staple — lumber — was selling at low prices, but the citi- zens were anxious to relieve themselves of their obliga- tions. This year had, in a business point of view, been a trying one to Bangor. The over-speculation of ^ears previous, thedissblving the connection between the Gov- ernment and the United States Bank, and stopping specie payments, affected business all over the country, and that of Bangor perhaps more than any other place of its size. As much lumber had been shipped as in any former year, it was said, but the prices were twenty-five per cent, less than in the last two seasons previous. In this month (November) Messrs. Jackson and Hodge, Geologists of Maine and Massachusetts, returned from a reconnoissance of public lands on the headwaters of the Penobscot and in Aroostook, and found, in passing up the Seboois, in several places the new red sandstone, and such as is associated with the coal formation in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and elsewhere. The indica- tions of coal were so great that they did not express a doubt of the existence of coal beds in that vicinity and near township No. 4 in the Seventh Range. They dis- covered, also, a large bed of iron on crossing the Aroos- took river, which they supposed, from the quality and di- rection, to be a continuation of the vein discovered by Dr. Jackson in the neighborhood of Houlton the last year. From the occasional discoveries and rumors of discov- eries of mineral deposits in various parts of the State the impression has prevailed, for many years, that there are large and rich deposits in various regions. There has been, however, very little effective interest manifested in regard to them. The discoveries on the Seboois should have stimulated a disposition to make a full exploration of the locality where coal is indicated. The importance of veins of coal in this region, as a factor in the prosperity of Bangor, cannot be overestimated. With coal, iron, and slates m its neighborhood, Bangor would not be far into the twentieth century before it would be a second Glasgow. Mr. Cyrus McKenney confessed to having been made a political victim this year, and to have endeavored to put Samuel C. Clark, Esq., of Springfield, on the road to moral martyrdom. He publicly acknowledged that he had wilfully and wantonly traduced the character of that man; had brought a suit against him for stealing a cow when he had an undoubted right to take her, as he (McKenney) had not fulfilled the contract on his pLrt; that it had never entered his heart that Clark did wrong,' as he had before requested him to take the cow; that Clark had befriended him, and he never should have taken the course he did if Clark's political enemies had not put him up to it, and he asked his forgiveness. Mr. McKenney was not the only man whom pohtics had set down to a "square meal" of humble-pie in the late cam- paign. A branch of the Bangor & Oldtown railroad extended the length of Harlow and Exchange streets from the sta- tion. The grade between the station and Harlow street was quite steep. On the 30th of November, before day- light in the morning, a car laden with wood in descend- ing the incline overcame the brake by which it had been controlled, and dashed down with tremendous ve- locity, arousing all on the route from their slumber.s, and frightening one of the men in charge with the thought that it would be precipitated into the river. He attempted to jump from the car, and in so doing fell under a wheel that passed over and so seriously injured him that he died on the following day. The death of Edward Sargent on the 12th of October, at the age of sixty-three, was announced. Mr. Sargent was an old and highly respected citizen. Reports were coming daily that the Patriots in Canada were in arms. Papineau and O'Callagan, leaders, had taken possession of the old fort at St. Charles, on No- vember 21. On the 25th a Loyalist force from Montreal, consisting of two hundred regulars, came in collision with them and lost four men. The Revolutionists called themselves "Sons of Lib- erty," and issued an address to the young men of the North American colonies in which they contrasted their country, after seventy-seven years of British rule, with the "prosperous republics who wisely threw off the yoke of monarchy," and set forth, in detail, their grievances. "Hosts of officers appointed without the consent of the people, to whom they are too frequently obnoxious and never responsible." The trial by jury was a "vain illu- sion." Immense funds were diverted from their com- mendable purpose and "made an instrument of corrup- tion." Public lands were sold to or bestowed on speculators beyond seas. Representation was a solemn mockery; a Legislative Council ignorant of the country and not in sympathy with it was imposed on them; and other causes of dissatisfaction. William Lyon McKen- zie and others had organized the rebellion in Upper Can- ada, and Sir Francis Head had offered a reward of ;^ 1 000 for his apprehension. The rebellion during the year assumed such proportions both in Upper and Lower Canada as to cause considerable alarm. It was this movement in Canada that took from Ban- gor its military citizen, who three years before had made himself conspicuous in putting down the mob; and more recently in memorializing the city government with re- gard to distributing the surplus revenue among the peo- ple—Captain Charles G. Bryant. He acquired the title of "Grand Eagle " in that movement, whatever that may mean, and afterward took it to Texas, where he was de- spoiled of it by the Comanches, who murdered him. The movement had no sympathy from the Govern- ment of the United States, and after the loss of some lives and property it was crushed out. The Methodist chapel on Union street was dedicated on December 12th. The Anti-Slavery Society of the city passed some reso- lutions relating to the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy at Alton, Illinois, the editor of an anti-slavery paper, and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 711 condemnatory of the institution of slavery, which the Whig published " as a matter of courtesy," not holding itself "responsible for any sentiment they embody." Abaer Taylor was declared elected County Treasurer by the County Commissioners, in consequence of infor- malities in the returns from Dover, Exeter, and other towns which gave large majorities for Levi. Bradley, the opposing candidate. The Bangor Sacred Music Society entertained a fine audience at the St. John's church on the evening of the zsth, with choice music executed "admirably well." Christmas was not so generally celebrated up to 1837, in Bangor, as it has been in later years. Holidays had not become of frequent occurrence. Fourth of July and Thanksgiving were the only two established days of relaxation, though the boys had begun to trespass on Fast Day. The Episcopalians and Roman Catholics always celebrated Christmas. Now the people appear to have come to the conclusion that enjoyment of the high- est quality is not to be gathered from "all work." A railroad between Bangor and Frankfort was contem- plated. A favorable route had been found that would accommodate the Hampden villages, and it was confi- dently predicted that the road would soon be completed. Frankfort had not the enterprise of its neighbor, Bucks- port, which town has not only a road but has got to pay for it, while Frankfort has still to use the old stage coach. The year 1837 closed without there having been any unusual calamities to record within the year. On the iSth of December a block of five wooden stores adjoin- ing the Hatch House was burned, and the noted hotel came near being consumed, but that misfortune was not to occur until a later day. The citizens generally were gratified that Edward Kent had been selected to the highest position in the State, not merely because of his political, but on account of his moral worth. He was a man who had acquired their confidence, and they felt that the interests of the Com- monwealth would be safe in his hands. There was much effort made by the Democrats in the House of Representatives to prevent his inauguration — informalities in the returns being the basis of their labor; but the Democratic Supreme Court would permit no technicalities to set aside the unquestioned expression of the people, and on January 6th a committee of ten from the House and five from the Senate was appointed to an- nounce his election to Mr. Kent. Messrs. Dennet of the Senate, and Codman and Parris of the House, dele- gated by the committee, immediately proceeded to Ban- gor and performed their duty. Mr. Kent resigned the office of Mayor, and at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of that day left town for Augusta, "amidst the roar of artillery and the cheers of his fellow-citizens."* *Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. CHAPTER XXXI.* THE SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF BANGOR. Events of 1838-1840-1841-1842-1843-1845-1846— The Great Flood— 1847— 1848--1849: The Cholera year— 1850— Statistics of Lumber Surveyed at the Port of Bangor — 1851— 1853-1854— First Superin- tendent of Schools Appointed — 1855 — Norombega Hall and the Post-office Built— 1856 — 1858—1859—1861—1852—1863—1864—1866 — 1867-1868— 1869— 1870— 1871— 1872— 1873— 1874— Several No- table Fires— 1875— 1876— 1877— A Noble Deed of Charity— 1878— i83i. 1838. The Girl's High School was established this year. The Principal received a salary of $700 per an- num. The fire-engine " Bangor," built by Messrs. F. Muzzy & Co., was purchased. About the same time three other fire-engines were built here. 1840. The members of the Fire Department were now paid the munificent salary of $1 apiece per year, and this was in lieu of the cost of caps, clothing, etc., which the firemen were expected to furnish for them- selves. The entire expense of the Department for the municipal year was but $652. 10. The report of the public schools of the city for the last academic year showed fifty-one pupils in the Boys' High School — David Worcester, Principal, at $800 a yearj sixty-four pupils in the Girls' High School — A. G. Wakefield, afterwards City Solicitor and Mayor of the city, Principal, at $700 per annum; and nineteen other schools, with an attendance of 23 to 115 pupils each. Total attendance, 2,566, of 2,921 in the city entitled to admission. Cost of schools, $6,175.08. A select school for girls, kept by Mr. J. E. Littlefield, had seventy-six students; and an apprentices' school, in charge of F. L. Washburn, had seventy-two. 184T. An incendiary fire on Harlow street March 5 destroyed the iron foundry and machine-shops of Messrs. Hinckley, Egery & Co. and Muzzy & Co., with a loss of $15,000. An addition to the Almshouse was built. The cost of the institution for the financial year 1841-42 was $6,063.90. The Universalist society was organized this year. 1842. The ex-Firemen's Association was formed Oc- tober 20, consisting of about forty members. James Lit- tlefield was President, J. E. Leighton Vice-President, WiUiam L. Parker Secretary, and John B. Williams Treasurer. The First Baptist Church was organized September i, in North Bangor. Its meeting-house was built during the fall and early winter, and dedicated in January fol- lowing. The Rev. B. D. Small was installed as pastor May, 1843, and remained such until October, 1845. An arrangement was made between the city and coun- ty this year for the partial use of the Almshouse by the latter as a house of correction. The Fire Department now possessed five engines, nine hose-carriages, two thousand four hundred feet of hose, and thirteen pipes, a hook and ladder carriage, and a good supply of other equipments. The city debt was now $154,830.06. * This and the following chapters of this division are not from the pen of Judge Godfrey. 712 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. 1843. The Bangor Mercantile Association was organ- ized November 30, and incorporated February 5 of the next year. George W. Pickering was President, Jabez True Vice-President, Jere Fenno Secretary, and Francis M. Sabine Treasurer, with a full corps of Directors and Arbiters. By 1848 its library was said to contain three thousand volumes, with Thomas Smith m charge as Li- brarian. In 1844 the library had seven to eight thousand volumes, with eleven daily papers and twenty-five others in its reading-room. The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society was organized in December. 1844. This was a great year for the Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows in Bangor. Penobscot Lodge No. 7 was chartered February 14, and organized in March, Kenduskeag Lodge No. 12 in May, and the K'atahdin Encampment No. 4 in September. All speedily be- came flourishing institutions. A valuable cabinet of minerals was presented to the Girls' High School this year by its Principal, Mr. Wool- son. ■ 1845. The First Congregational church, in "North Bangor, dedicated its meeting-house in April. This society had been organized in June, 1838, with, just a- dozen members for the beginning. . The Second Baptist church, at the corner of WalFand Independent streets, was organized September 12. The order of Sons of Temperance got a good lodg- ment in Bangor this year. Cynosure Division, No. i, one of the earliest in the State, was. instituted August 19. The next year Crescent Division No. 29, and the Eleusinian Temple of Honor No. 2, were instituted, October 18, 1847, Relief Division No. 92, in North Bangor, was formed. Three school-houses were erected — one on Main street, one on the Avenue Road, and one in District No. 2, in the country. The rooms in the High School were replastered and newly seated, and other school buildings received a general repairing. The number of children of school age now in the city was 3,589, of whom 2,495 were in the public schools, with an average attendance of 1,780. The schools numbered 34, with 36 teachers. The Penobscot Steam Towboat Company was . incor- porated February 21, 1845, and built the same year the tug-boat " Tarratine," at a cost of $1 1,000. A special census of the city in September exhibited 5,862 male population, 5,888 females; total 11,690. 1846. Following the introduction of the reformatory order of Sons of Temperance the year before, came the Daughters of Temperance this year. The Central Union No. 3 was instituted October 7, and the next year. May II, and August 10, 1847, Coronilla Union, No. 9, and the Grand Union, respectively, were formed. THE GREAT FLOOD. This was the year of the tremendous flood in the Penobscot and Kenduskeag Streams, which inflicted a great and memorable loss upon the people of Bangor. The account written at the time by the Rev. Dr. West, an Episcopal clergyman then residing here, in a private let- ter to a distinguished clerical brother in New York City, remains to this day the best published account of the disaster; and we gladly give place to it here : To the Rev. Dr. Tyng, New York. Rev. and dear Brother: — We have passed through a scene within the last two or three days which will deeply interest and impress you. Our city has met with a calamity unparalleled in its annals, and perhaps unequalled, in proportion to its population and means, by any in our country. We have been inundated by the river in consequence of what is called here an ice-jam. The history of the matter is briefly as fol- lows: It sometimes happens that the ice in the river breaks above, while it remains too strong at the outlet to admit of its passing down. The consequence is the accumulation of a dam of ice which completely fills the river from bank to bank, and heaps up sometimes to the height of from fifteen to thirty feet, and thus forming a reservoir of water above it, which overflows the banks and inundates the country around. The present winter has been a remarkable one in the mode of the formation of the ice. After the river was first frozen over, the ice con- tinued to- form in cakes or sheets, and to flow down the rapids to the still and frozen portions, and these were drawn under. This continued until the submerged sheets were stopped by rocks or shoals; then the accumulation went on until the bed of the river became consolidated to an astonishing thickness. Around the piers of our great bridge it was cut through to the deptiv of about fourteen feet. Thus the entire bed of the river seemed to have become, at least except the channel, an almost solid body of ice. A few days ago the river began to break up for about thirty miles above the city, while it continued firmly bound for about twelve miles below. There were several different spots where the jams or ice dams were found; and when they broke away they came rushing down with the force of a mountain torrent, until the strong ice below resisted their progress. These jams came down one at a time, and, lodging against another below, kept increasing their magnitude. The two most for- midable jams were within -seven miles of the city, in the vicinity of the two largest and most important ranges of saw-mills. Those which formed abov6, when they broke away, passed through at Oldtown and Stillwater with little comparative damage other than carrying away the bridges and adding to the size of the jam below. The first movement was the raising the two principal ranges of mills from their foundations by the rise of the water. ■ After this the lirst jam that passed down swept away the Basin mills, which belong to a New York company, and which rented for above $10,000. They next carried away a large range of mills belonging to some of our most en- terprising citizens, and which rented for $15,000 per annum. One of the proprietors thus lost about $50,000. The mills in these two ranges contained about fifty saws, were possessed of the most unfailing water power, were recently fitted up with tlie best improved machinery, and performed last year about one-third of all the business on the river. The jams thus worked their way down gradually, carrying destruc- tion to bridges and small houses, and other buildings on the banks, until they were all concentrated in one immense mass of four miles in length, of great height and depth, and filling the river, which varies in width from one thousand to fifteen hundred feet from bank to bank. Above the jam the water was twenty or thirty feet above its usual height, filling up the rapids, and making a dead level of the falls. The first injury to the city was from the breaking away of a small section of the jam, which came down and pressed against the ice on our banks. By this twenty houses in one immediate neighborhood, on the west bank of the river alone, were at once inundated, but without loss of life. This occurred in the daytime, and presented a scene of magnificent interest. The effect of this small concussion upon the ice near the city was terrific. The water rose instantly to such a height as to sweep the buildings and lumber from the ends of the wharves, and to throw up the ice in huge sheets and pyramids. This shock was resisted by the great covered bridge on the Penobscot, which is about one thousand feet in length, and this gave time to save much property from impending destruction. But, meanwhile, another auxiliary to the fearful work had been preparing by the breaking up of the ice in the Kenduskeag River, This river flows through the heart of the city, dividing it into two equal portions. The whole flat on the margin of the river is covered with stores and public buildings, and is the place of merchandise for the city. The Kenduskeag runs nearly at right angles with the Penobscot at the point where they unite. The Penobscot HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 713 skirts the city on the eastern side, and on the banl(S of this river are the principal wharves for the deposit of lumber. 1 must mention another circumstance to give you a just idea of our situation. There is a narrow spot in the river, about a mile below the city, at High Head, in which is a shoal, and from which the greatest danger of a jam always arises, and it was this that caused the principal inundation. The next incident occurred at midnight, when the bells were rung to announce the giving way of the ice. It was a fearful sound and scene. The streets were thronged with men, women, and children, who rushed abroad to witness the approach of the ice avalanche. At length it came rushing on with a power that a thousand locomotives in a body could not vie with; but it was. veiled from the eye by the darkness of a hazy night, and the ear only could trace its progress bv the sounds of crash- ing buildings, lumber, and whatever it encountered in its pathway, ex- cept the glimpses that could be caught of it by the light of hundreds of torches and lanterns that threw their glare upon the misty atmos- phere. The jam passed on, and a portion of it pressed through the weakest portion of the great bridge, and thus, joining the ice below the bridge, pressed it down to the narrows at High Head. Meanwhile the destruction was in progress on the Kenduskeag, which poured down its tributary ice, sweeping mills, bridges, shops, and other buildings, with masses of logs and lumber, to add to the common wreck. At that moment the anxiety and suspense were fearful whether the jam would force its way through the narrows, or there stop and pour back a flood of waters upon the city, for it was from the rise of the water consequent upon such a jam that the great destruction was to be apprehended. But the suspense was soon over. A cry was heard from the dense mass of citizens who crowded the streets on the fl it, "The river is flowing back !" and so sudden was the revulsion that it required the utmost speed to escape the rising waters. It seemed but a moment before the entire flat was deluged; and many men did not es- cape from their stores before the water was up to their waists. But the ruinous consequences were, providentially, the loss of prop- erty rather than life. The whole business portion of the city was inun- dated; and so entirely beyond all reasonable estimate was the rise of the waters, that a very large proportion of the stocks of goods in the stores were flooded. Precautions had been taken in the lower part of the city to remove goods from the first to the second story, and yet many who did so had the floors of the second story burst up and their goods let down into the water below; while in the higher portions, where the goods were piled upon and about the counters, the waters rose above them and involved them in a common destruction. Others, who did not remove their goods, suffered a total loss of them. Thus far, however, the devastation was confined to the least valuable part of the wealth of the city. The lumber on the wharves constitutes the larger portion of the available property of the city; and here a kind Providence has spared the devoted city, and by one of those singular methods by which a present evil, which seems to be the greatest that could be inflicted, is the means of averting a greater one; for it was the occurrence of the jam which, while it inundated the stores, appeared to be the means of saving the lumber. The pressure of the ice against the wharves and lumber was so great as to wedge it in with immense strength and formed a sort of wall outside the wharves, from which the jam, when it started, separated and passed out, leaving the lumber safe, though injured. After the ice stopped, things remained in this situation during the next day, which, was Sunday — the saddest and most serious Sunday, proba- bly, ever passed in Bangor, Few, however, could spend the day in worship. All that could labor were employed, while the flood kept ris- ing, in rescuing what property could be saved from the waters, and in taking poor families from their windows in boats. The closing scene of this dreadful disaster occurred on Sunday even- ing, beginning at about 7 o'clock. The alarm was again rung through the streets that the jam had given way. The citizens again rushed abroad to witness what they knew must be one of the most sublime and awful scenes of nature, and also to learn the full extent of the calamity. Few, however, were able to catch a sight of the breaking up of the jam, which, for magnitude, it is certain, has not occurred on this river for more than one hundred years. The whole river was like a boiling cauldron, with masses of ice upheaved as by a volcano. But soon the darkness shrouded the scenein part. The ear, however, could hear the roaring of the waters and the crash of buildings, bridges, and lumber, and the eye could trace the mammoth ice jam of four miles long, which passed on majesticiUy. but with lightning rapidity, bearing the contents of both rivers on its bosom. The noble covered bridge of the Penobscot, two bridges of the Kenduskeag, and the two long 90 ranges of saw-mills, besides other mills, houses, shops, logs, and lum- ber enough to build up a considerable village. The new market floated over the lower bridge across the Kenduskeag, a part of which remains, and. most happily, landed at a point of the wharves, where it sunk, and formed the nucleus of a sort of boom, which stopped the masses of floating lumber in the Kenduskeag, and protected thousands of dollars' worth of lumber on the wharves below. So suddenly and so rapidly was all this enacted, that it seems impos- sible to believe it to have occurred without loss of life. Yet such appears to be the happy result. The individual losses are very great. Some have lost their all, and many from five to fifty thousand dollars each ; yet the aggregate will be swelled, by a first estimate far beyond its real amount. From what I have already seen, I think there is no reason whatever for the friends of Bangor abroad to entertain any distrust respecting its recovery and pro- gressive prosperity. Very truly, your friend and brother, John West. Bangor, Maine. March 30. 1849. The Bangor Courier of a contemporaneous date has in its columns a recital of various interesting incidents, from which we cite the following : We could not bring ourselves to believe that the market-house, in which we had our office, would be removed. We were induced to move our materials at the earnest solicitation of fiiends, and under their strong advice. We felt all the while as thou.jh the alarm would soon be over, and labor resumed in the old preniisis, and therefore a clumsy article here and another there were left, until the value of the aggregate was about $200, the removal of which we thought we had wisely avoided. The market moved off m ijestically. but with gentle dalliance, until it plunged forward from the bridge into the fast receding current of the stream, when it righted with a ship-like propriety, bear- ing aloft a beautiful flag-staff — emblem of Liberty, erected m honor of Henry Clay, the beloved and whole-hearted patriot and orator, who in private station receives the highest attentions and sincerest regards of the American people — and sped its way onward to the ocean, until, happily bethinking how many little articles it contained which would be so missed and mourned, it settled down with a determination to proceed no further. We visited the wreck in the evening, and, fear- ing it might prove our last, we bore away several pamphlets and doc- uments as prizes. At an early hour yesterday morning we paid it another visit, when, in compmy with our office hands, and the kind help and timely suggestions of personal friends and a few strangers, we succeeded in securing every article of value. There happened to be one case of type left in one of the racks which had ridden out the perils and roughness of t.ie voyage without spiling a type. . One of our citizens — a Kennebecker, by the way — was particularly zealous in saving the Whig flag-staff, declaring it should long remain to bear aloft the flag of freemen. The whole river seems to have b.^en an entire mass of ice, partly solid and partly porous. The sudden rise of the river excited alarm, and its suddjn subsidence, at the rate of about two feet a minute, caused astonishment. There is in the upper side, and near the middle of Exchange street, a large cake of ice more than five feet thick. On Broad street there are ice-balls twenty-five feet in diameter, and scattered about in every di- rection are thousands of smaller masses. It will be difficult for people who did not witness it to realize that afl the business part of the city was a pool in which large vessels might sail — that Exchange street and Main street, and others lower down, were deep canals for half their length, and that Central street was a running river. But such things were, and hundreds of stores were under water ! Boats were in requisition, and various contrivances were resorted to in the effort to turn an honest penny. Among them we noticed one fellow had taken the Wall -street sign and fastened it upon the stern of his boat, in order to popularize his boat and route. The scene in the vicinity of the steamboat wharf or at the Rose Place is truly astonishing — such heaps of ice thrown in wild confusion, furnishing a capital idea of icebergs from the Northern Ocean. ... It is quite wonderful, considering the suddenness and extent of the rise of the water, that no more lives were lost in this vicinity. There were some families in great peril. A family living at the Point, between Brewer Village and the river, were alarmed by the approach of the flood, and started, several women in the number, for higher land in the vicinity, but, before reaching it, the water was up to their armpits. They reached what was then an island, and were compelled to remain 714 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. during the night. A family living near Crosby's ship-yard could not escape, and were taken off in a boat by one of the neighbors. Twenty women and children, as the water flowed over the plain at Brewer, fled to a school-house, but could not return, and were obliged to go back upon the hills and remain until the water subsided. General Miller, at the post-office, with his clerks, had a cool time of it. They were all at work when the flood suddenly came upon them, and filled the office to the depth of four feet. The General started and held the door for the clerks to dodge out and escape up stairs; but Cal- vin Ungered behind for some minutes, when the General called loudly to know what detained him. "Oh," said he, wading along with the water up to his armpits, " I stopped for the purpose of stamping these paid letters," at the same time holding up a bundle. The actual amount of property lost in the city by this flood is esti- mated by pretty good judges at between two and three hundred thou- sand dollars. This falls severely upon some of our citizens, but the heaviest losses come upon those able to ride out the storm. 1847. Following the good example of their elders of both sexes, the Sons and Daughters of Temperance, the juvenile " Cadets " were organized in Bangor this year. Dirigo Section No. 4 was instituted in October; and in May of the succeeding year Quincy Section No. 6 was opened in North Bangor. The great structure across the Penobscot,' owned by the Bangor Bridge Company, which had been swept away by the freshet of 1846, was rebuilt this year, upon Howe's improved patent (truss plan), at a cost of $31,- 000. The original bridge had been constructed in 1832, upon Town's patent lattice-bridge plan, by Messrs. Damen & Godfrey, for $40,000. Bangor was this year made a port of entry by the Federal authorities. Mr. WiUiam C. Hammatt was the first Collector. The Mercantile and Eastern Banks were re-incorpor- ated, and the Kenduskeag Bank of Bangor, with a capital of $100,000, was incorporated this year. The Union Street Methodist Episcopal church was formed this year, from the Summer Street Mission Society, and was known for several years as the Summer Street church. The Central Congregational church is also a child of this year, dating from April i. A brick residence for the Superintendent was built this year at the Almshouse, costing about $2,500, and the artifical pond in front was excavated. 1848. The Penobscot Musical Association was or- ganized this year. The Musical Directors of the So- ciety, from Its formation to 1864, were Professors B. F. Baker, G. W. Pratt, L. Marshall, and L. A. Emerson, of Boston; I. B. Woodbury and B. F. Bradbury, of New York; and G. F. Root, of North Reading, Massachu- setts. Associate Directors — N. D. Gould and E. H. Frost, Boston; S. Wilder, Bangor. The twenty first yearly session was held in Bangor September 29 to Oc- tober 2, r868, and was an occasion of considerable in- terest. Four new public school-houses were built by the city a rather large one at Mount Hope, the others com- paratively small. A special census of the city, taken by the School Board, showed 2,288 people, including 873 children of school age in the First Ward: 1,843 and 592 in the Second; 2,113 and 840 in the Third; 1,731 and 615 in the Fourth ; 2,428 and 1,133 •" ^^^ Fifth; 1,964 and 724 in the Sixth; and 1,013 ^"d 437 in the Seventh. There were also in the city 748 cows, 605 horses, and 235 swine. 1849. This year steamers of moderate size began to run on the Upper Penobscot, from Oldtown to Winn. In the Brief History of Bangor, prefixed to the City Di- rectory for 185 1, the following comments upon this fact are made: The beautiful and picturesque river and forest scenery in that region, the pleasures of a summer trip to the woods and mountains of the in- terior, and the fresh air of the country, draw many visitors from abroad to the vicinity of Bangor during the warm season. A voyage up the Penobscot and a tramp to Katahdin make a most healthful and pleas- ing summer excursion. Travelers visiting Moosehead Lake and the ponds and forests in its vicinity, on hunting or fishing excursions, pass Bangor. The number of hunters who wend their steps thitherward in- creases each year. This branch of the steam navigation of the Penobscot was suspended some years ago. This was a cholera year in Bangor. Mayor William H. Mills, in his address to the City Council in the spring of 1850, thus commented upon its events: This loathsome disease fell upon us suddenly, filling the public mind with much ot alarm ; and well it might. When the air we breathe is charged with death, and it is altogether problematic whether he that went out ill the morning would not be brought back ere night a corpse — such is the time, if any, when men walk softly. At this distressing period the City Council was called upon for ex- traordinary services and sacrifices — calls that were met with great promptness and disinterested devotion. And, where all acted nobly, I hope I shall not be charged with partiality should I name Messrs. Bowman, P. B. Mills, and Wingate, of the Board of Aldermen, and Mr. Emerson of the Common Council, to whom any encomiums that I could give would fall short of their just due. There were others, not connected with the city government, who threw themselves into the breach, to alleviate the distresses of suffer- ing humanity. But to Mr. Farnham, the City Marshal, who was also Health Officer, the palm must belong. On him, in personal detail, the whole of this onerous duty devolved ; which was done calmly, but with great promptitude, in season and out of season, by day and by night — services which money could not have purchased, and all done with a readiness and disinterested straightforwardness, that were really surprising. Such services will not soon be forgotten by the citizens of Bangor. And our physicians — who, if common report spoke the truth, were not, all of them, knit together, as were the hearts of David and Jona- than — now united ; men of all parties and ranks seemed to fraternize, and the only strife among them was to see who would fly into death's presence first. Ready at all times to rush to the bedside of the dying— and that, too, in almost every case without the slightest hope of a pecuniary reward — conduct so magnanimous could not fail to bring upon them, too, the spontaneous encomiumsof their fellow-citizens. There were 161 deaths by the dread destroyer in this city in a very short time — most of them of persons from abroad. The venerable William Abbot, Mayor of the city, died in office, and was succeeded by Mr. Mills. A spacious and elegant building was put upon the Bruce lot this year for the Select School for Girls. The building for the Free-will Baptist Society at North Bangor, was erected this year. 1850. The Market-house foundation, near the Ken- duskeag Bridge, was sold by the city to the United States Government for $10,000, which was nearly its cost. The City Hall, otherwise the old Court-house, was re- moved to its present site and enlarged and repaired. The basement was fitted up for the use of the police, and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 71s with a police-court room, and a large safe was put in for the Clerk and the Treasurer. The present hall was formed in the upper story. The statistics of sawed lumber surveyed at Bangor for the nineteen years from 1832 to this year, inclusive, are as follow: 1832, 37,987,052 feet; 1833, 45,442,566; 1834, 25,624,718; 1835, 73,416,065; 1836, 46,619,921; 1837. 64,720,008; 1838, 85,392,177; 1839, 89,806,630; 1840, 71,726,622; 1841, 77,091,793; 1842, 111,317,201; 1843. 113.798,619; 1844, 121,130,974; 1845, 171,688,- 737; 1846, 140,085,012; 1847, 191,136,292; 1848, 2X2,- 932,499; 1849, 160,418,808; 1850, 203,754,201; total, 2,044,089,895. In six years it had nearly doubled; in eleven years it had trebled; in fourteen years it had more than quadrupled; in sixteen years quintupled, and in the next ye.ir it had increased over 560 per cent., as against the measurement of 1832. St. John's Commandery, No. 3, Knights Templars, of Bangor, was chartered September 17, of this year. 185 1. The brick church, occupied by the Unitarian society, on the corner of Main and Union streets, oppo- site the Bangor House, was burned November 30, with a loss of about $18,000. The Merchants' Mutual Marine Insurance Company was incorporated this year. 1852. Gas was introduced. The city debt was now about $120,000, having been reduced $40,000 in ten years. The municipal expenses were about $70,000 a year. The local taxes the year be- , fore, including what was necessary to pay $14,000 in temporary loans, was $85,078.30 — the largest the city had ever had. A fire occurred this year in Drew's Block, at the east end of Kenduskeag Bridge, involving a loss of $3,500. 1853. The Custom-house and Post-oflfice building, constructed of granite, were in course of construction this year. It was hardly finished before 1855. The ground for Pine Grove Cemetery was purchased in March for $1,000. It included about thirty acres. The city spent $1,200 more this year for surveying, building stone fences, and making roads and other improvements. The next year a neat fence of paling was put up on the front, at the Carmel road, at a cost of $250.50. 1854. A few cholera cases occurred the last of Sepj- tember on Front street, mostly among the Irish residents. There were seventeen deaths. The first Superintendent of Schools for the city was appointed, under an ordinance of Council creating the" office. The Rev. Philip Weaver, a member of the School Board, was appointed, and served for two years at a moderate pay, but with excellent results, especially in securing larger attendance upon the schools. There were now in the city 5,510 children of school age, of whom 3,560 attended the summer schools, and 4,170 were pupils in winter. 1855. Norombega Hall was built. The corner-stone or St. John's Roman Catholic Church, on York street, was laid August 15, by the Right Rev. David W. Bacon, D. D., Bishop of Portland. The same year, November 15, the church edifice erected by the Methodist Episcopal Society, on Union street, was dedicated, with sermon by the Rev. William F. Farrington. The building cost $15,000. The lady members of the church raised money for the purchase of the organ by their own exertions. The Bangor Council, Royal and Select Masters, in the Masonic order, was chartered May 3. 1856. The Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad, naw^a link of the Maine Central lines, went into operation. The charter of St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 83, Free and Accepted Masons, dates from February 6 of this year. 1858. The Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance Company was incorporated. 1859. The Bangor Cornet Band was chartered in June. The valuation of the city for taxation was now $6,015,- 601, against $3,899,218 in 1850, showing an increase in nine years of $2,116,383. At least $2,000,000 worth of timbered land in this State and the Provinces was also owned in Bangor. 1861. The first steam fire-engine used in the city was built by the Portland Company, and received in Oc- tober ; cost $2,700. It was manned by seventeen men. The Chief Engineer was now paid a salary of $500. Many incendiary fires and attempts at conflagration oc- curred this year. 1862. The Universalist church building, which had been commenced in June, i860, was finished late this year, and dedicated December 16. It was erected at a total cost, including organ, of $20,000. The building is of brick, in the Romanesque style, ninety by sixty- four feet, with two towers ninety-six and one hundred and forty feet high respectively, each surmounted by a spire. The vestry, or lower audience room, is sixty by forty-three feet in dimensions, and has sittings for three hundred and fifty persons. Above this is the main audience- room, handsomely frescoed, with one hundred and twenty pews and sittings for about six hundred people. The church occupies a commanding position on Park street, near Centre, at the head of East Market Square, looking down Exchange street. The Union Insurance Company of Bangor was incor- porated this year, with a capital of $200,000. 1863. The First National Bank of Bangor was or- ganized September 15 of this year— the pioneer institu- tion here under the new law. The Second National Bank followed the next year, as also the reorganization as a National bank of the old Kenduskeag Bank of 1832. The Traders' Bank was similarly reorganized in 1865, and the Merchants' National Bank was also formed. The Farmers' Bank, which had been operating as a State bank since 1853, became the Farmers' National Bank in 1868. The demands created by the war and other causes compelled the city this year to make a loan of $64,000. It was taken mostly by the citizens, at six per cent. Much of it was appropriated to the payment of bounties to soldiers, and to extinguish a temporary loan of $13,000. 7i6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COtTNTY, MAINE. A census was taken in 1863, by a gentleman of this city, of the shade-trees in Bangor. He found more than 4,000 within the corporation limits and outside of fences. 1864. The Bangor Historical Society was incor- porated in March, and organized in May, with the Hon. Elijah Hamlin, President; the Rev. Charles C. Everett, Vice-President; the Rev. Samuel Harris, D.D., Corres- ponding Secretaiy; Elnathan F. Duren, Recording Secretary; and Judge John E. Godfrey, and Drs. John Mas'in and James C. Weston, Executive Committee. June 17 the Soldiers' Monument was dedicated in Mount Hope Cemetery. The valuation of the city was: Real estate, $4,349,- 247; person il, $2,726,686; toial, $7,075,930. Tax 2.4 per cent. Number of polls, 2,726. The Boys' aid ihi.- Girls' High Schools were united this year. I'r f s -or Rubert P. Bucknam, Principal of the school, d-d niuL h lamented by his pupils and friends. The schoul-iiuij,e in the Central District was destroyed by fire, through ill feeling caused by its removal from the east to the west side of the Kenduskeag. July 14 a great fire occurred in Tewksbury's shipyard in Brewer, destroying $8,000 worth of property, largely owned by citizens of Bangor. The Fire Department of the city was in prompt attendance, and rendered such assistance as it could. 1866. The spacious engine-house on Harlow street, accommodating two steamers, with hose-cart and other apparatus, was built by the city this year, at a cost, in- cluding lot, of $18,500. A large reservoir, with a ca- pacity of 65,000 gallons, occupies one-third of the base- ment. The dam at Treat's Falls was surveyed by the holders of the old charter of 1828, under which the dam had been built, but not in a manner that brought it within the charter. No important change was at once made in it, however. An addition of three acres was made to the cemetery on the Pushaw Road, at a cost of $199.68. The tract was thereafter known as Maple Grove Cemetery. An ordinance was passed by the Council authorizing the appointment of a truant officer, who should arrest children growing up without education and place them in the public schools. On the 13th of May Merrill's mill and other property on Broad street was burned, with a loss of $10,000. 1867. About 8 o'clock one evening in January, Mrs. Ann McDonald, wife of Hugh McDonald, was murdered on one of the public streets, the as.sassin escaping with- out discovery. She was not known to have an enemy, and the cause of the crime was a mystery. September 9 a disastrous fire occurred on the Franklin Street Bridge, which burned the planing- and grist-mills of Messrs. Grover & Stevens, a sash and blind factory, and a carriage factory, the property of B. M. Thomas, with a total loss of $39,200, and no insurance. The fire losses of the year amounted to $50,950, with insurance only $S>9.So- May 20 the City Council resolved to accept a trust fund of $6,500 for the Bangor Mechanics' Association, which was invested by the city in Bangor & Piscataquis railroad bonds. In 1874 $8,000 more were received for the same purpose, together with a legacy to the associa- tion of $4,000, by the late Franklin Muzzy, which was similarly invested. The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent Association was or- ganized February 24. By 1871 its membership amount- ed to 160, and two years thereafter it numbered 250. 1868. A society of the Grand Army of the Republic, B. H. Beale Post, No. 12, was organized January i, 1868. The office of the Associate Inspector-General for the Department of Maine was also here for a time; and, at another period, the office of the Commander of the De- partment was here. The amount of lumber shipped from the port of Ban- gor during the dt-cade ending with this year, for the sev- eral years, was as follows: 1859, 178,046,440 feet; i860, 201, 349-527; '861, 131,091,210; 1862, 160,062,983; 1863, 190,672,269; 1864, 174,436,272; 1865, 169,881,- 023; 1866, 237,147,606: 1867, 206,483,358; 1868,220,- 794,766. About half a million feet of the lumber shipped during the last four years had been subjected to the process known as "Burnettizing." The estimate of short lumber shipped in 1868 was: Shingles, 152,703,- 000; laths, 112,458,000; clapboards, 5,144,000; pickets, 3,678,000. 1869. Another great fire occurred on New Year's Day at the West Market Square, which burned all night, and destroyed the stores of Conner & Fuller, of Hay- ward & Co. (who lost $57,916), George W. Ladd (loss $28,000), Emery Wing & Co. ($20,000), F. F. Farring- ton ($12,000), Fogg & Bridges ($16,619), and Thomas A. Taylor ($9,500). The aggregate loss was $200,963.67, of which $137,597.67 was insured. On Thanksgiving Day Miss Deborah B. Hersey died of consumption. She had been for twenty years a teach- er in the public schools, and for twelve years in the select school for girls, on Abbott Square. This year ten vessels, with a tonnage of 2,332, were built at Bangor. The next year but 1,230 tons, or a lit- tle more than half of the tonnage of 1869, were built. The Bangor Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was organized in April. President, Joseph Carr ; Vice-Presidents, Joseph S. Wheelwright, Samuel D. Thurston, George K. Jewett, Joseph C. White, Isaac R. Clark ; Treasurer, Ebenezer T. Fox ; Secretary, (). H. Ingalls ; Directors, P. B. Mills, S. P. Bradbury, George Stetson, William P. Wingate, E. F. Duren. The amount of long lumber shipped from Bangor this year was 190,840,908 feet. The building for the Children's Home, on Thomas's Hill, was erected this year. The Penobscot Savings Bank dates from February of 1869. 1870. The long lumber shipped from the port this year amounted to 202,014,192 feet, of which about 4,000,000 were " Burnettized." The Jameson Guards, a local military organization, (Company G, Maine Volunteer Militia) was organized MlStOfeV Ot PENOBSCOt COUNTY, MAtlSfE. iii this year. Captain, Daniel White ; First Lieutenant, James A. Dean; Second Lieutenant, George F, Gold- thwait. The National Insurance Company, of Bangor, was organized July 25th, with a cash capital of $200,000. The Merchants' Marine Insurance Company, capital $150,000, was incorporated the same year. Clark & Bowman's block, was partly burned this year. The building was damaged to the amount of $4,800, and goods therein $3,000; insurance $6,800. 1871. The new county jail was finished, with the county workshop. The European & North American Railroad was opened to Vanceboro. President Grant and many other digni- taries from the States and Provinces were present, and went to the terminus. The President was very hand- somely received there and at Bangor. A fire occured at Pickering Square, by which E. P. Baldwin and others lost about $9,000, mostly insured. The amount of long lumber shipped this year was 227,491.975 feet. 1872. The Bangor Insurance Company was incor- . porated in February, with a capital of $200,000. On the loth of October spontaneous combustion caused a fire in Michael Swartz's block on West Market Square, which caused him a loss of $37,000 on the buildr ing and $92,000 on stock in trade ; insurance $70,000^ Messrs. Fogg & Bridges lost $25,000, Webster Treat $6,600, William E. Mann $3,000, O. F. Knowles $1,- 500, W. H. Adams $1,000, and others smaller sums; The corner-stone of the St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) church was laid September 15, the Right Rev. Bishop Bacon officiating. The session of the Maine Educational Society was held in Bangor the latter part of the same month, and awakened much interest. The Home for Aged Women was incorporated. Norombega Lodge, No. 5, Knights of Pythias, was chartered April 24, 1872. The amount of long lumber shipped this year was the largest ever known, being 246,453,649 feet. The following is a detailed statement of the lumber sold in 1872: Pine, 37,750,000 $ 658,718.06 Spruce, 176,933,649 2.353.217-53 Hemlock, 23,370,000 222,015.00 Total sales of long lumber. . . . $3,233,950.00 Clapboards, 3,643,000 $ 94,718.00 Laths, 150,677,000 ; . . 263,684.7s Pickets 25,680.00 Shingles, 121,264,000 363,792.00 Staves, 798,000 7,980.00 Total sales short lumber 755- 8S4-7S Total lumber sold $3,989,805.28 1873. The long lumber shipped this year footed up i79>202,353 feet. 1874. The public libraries were consolidated this year, and the rooms now occupied by the Mechanics' Associa- tion Library, on Kenduskeag Bridge were occupied by the united library. The Bangor Reform Club, an institution which was one of the outgrowths of the celebrated temper- ance crusade of this year, was organized September 10, and incorporated December 28, with Dr. H. A. Rey- nolds, the since noted lecturer and "red ribbon" reformer, then of this city, as President; W. A. Longley, J. J. Richardson, James Barnabee, Vice-presidents ; S. L. Stevens, Secretary; G. S. Walker, Financial Secretary; E. Allen, Treasurer. This society still maintains a vig- orous existence, holding public meetings every Sunday, and other meetings frequently. The Woman's Temperance Crusade was formed as a local society the same year, and has since steadily kept up its work. Its meetings Sabbath afternoons are held jointly wuh the Reform Club. The West Bangor Chapel (Congregational) society was organized April 2. The long lumber shipped from this port in 1874 amounted to 176,786,932 feet. Two notable fires of this year occurred— one in the station of the European & North American Railway, on Exchange street, which destroyed the roof and attic, costing the company $8,717.16 to replace them; and one April 18, in the row of storehouses in the rear of Ex- change street block. This was an incendiary fire, and caused a loss of more than $70,000, which was largely insured. Messrs. Babb & Lane's loss was $25,000; Kimball & Sanford's $12,000; William P. Hubbard's $10,000; and there- were some smaller losses. December 15 another large fire occurred,' losing for G. W. Fielding Jio,ooo, Harriman & Carter, $8,000, and others various sums, the total being about $5 1,000. 1875. June 27 a fire invaded Bragg & Foster's stores, on Pickering Square, causmg a loss of $8,350, which was fully insured, and others, also insured, losses of about $8,500. The fine Grammar School building at the junction of Union and Fourth streets, was built this year, at a total cost of $32,170, except the furnace and heating appa- ratus, which cost $5,700. The city authorities accepted a trust fund of $25,000 for the Home for Aged Women, paying yearly interest on the same; also $1,000 from the estate of Dr. McRuer, devised to the Bangor Fuel society. The Bangor Art Association was organized February II. Dr. Augustus C. Hamlin, President; Clarence L. Dakin, Secretary and Treasurer. Amount of long lumber shipped from the port of Ban- gor this year, 154,663,129 feet. 1876. The quantity of long lumber shipped from Bangor this year amounted to 115,121,191 feet. The Bayard Lodge, No. 294, Free and Accepted Ma sons, was instituted May 31. 1877. A noble deed of charity was done this year, in the contribution of $10,000 in money and goods in a very few hours, and the dispatching of a train load of food to the sufferers by the great fire at St. John, New Brunswick. On the night of February 7, Mr. G. W. Merrill's store, on Pickering Square, was burned; loss, $5,582; insured, $5,000. Some others sustained losses. The city now had a debt of $800,000, and liabilities p^ MlSf ORV OF tENOfeSdOT COUNTY, MAINE. incurred in aid of railroads to the amount of about $2,- 000,000 more. In 1850 the debt was but $128,000. Hon. Elijah Hamlin, father of Dr. A. C. Hamlin, the Mayor of 1877, was then Mayor of the city. 1878. The Burnettizmg Works, engaged in the preser- vation of wood against decay by a peculiar process, were burned on the 3d of April, with a loss of about $18,000. They were situated on the Hampden Road, at the edge of the city, and have never been replaced. In the winter of this year the ice industry first became important in and near Bangor. The Bangor Council, Royal Arcanum, was instituted July 18, 1878. 1881. A profound sensation was produced in this city, as elsewhere throughout the country — ^and, indeed, the civilized world — by the shooting of President Garfield at Washington City, July 2, by the assassin, Charles J. Guiteau. Meetings were held soon after the occurrence and also upon the death of the President, September 19, to express the sense of grief and indignation felt by the community. On the day of the funeral, September 26, obsequies were appropriately observed in the City Hall and the Central Congregational church. All these ser- vices were largely attended. A con.siderable fund was afterwards subscribed for the Garfield Monumental Fund. CHAPTER XXXII. THE CHURCHES OF BANGOR. The First Parish Congregational — Hammond .Street Congregational — The Central Congregational — The Independent Congregational (Uni- tarian)— West Bangor Chapel— Crosbyville Chapel— The First Bap- tist—First Free Baptist— St. John's (Roman Catholic) Parish— St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) Parish- First Methodist Episcopal— Union Street Methodist — Universalist— Other Churches. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This is the pioneer religious society of Bangor. A good part of its earlier history has already been related by Judge Godfrey. By the fall of 1811 it began to be earnestly desired by the few Congregationalists of the place that a church of their faith should be formed here; and, although they were but a feeble band, in point of numbers, they courageously took the matter in hand, and went forward to form what in the fullness of time became a strong, vigorous, and influential organization. These prime movers were Deacon William Boyd, and Messrs. William Hasey and Stephen S. Crosby, who bore letters from the Congregational church of Orrington, and William D. Williamson, the well-known lawyer and historian, who had been a member of the church at Amherst. The decis- ive steps were taken November 26, i8ii,when these gen- tlemen agreed to enter into a covenant with each other as a church, with certain articles of faith almost identical with those adopted at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, in 1798. It had been previously agreed to call the Rev. Harvey Loomis, a graduate of Williams College two years before, and a young man of 26, who had been preaching tem- porarily at Norridgewock, to the pastorate of the new church. His services had been secured, and he was to be installed on the day of organization. The church was fully constituted on Wednesday, No- vember 27, 1811. Miss Sarah Harrod, who had personal recollections of the day, and herself became a member in 1815, communicated the following, many years after- ward, in a letter to a friend in Bangor : The day the church was organized was a business meeting; at that time they drew up the articles and signed them. Then came the ordi- nation in that same upper room. A church meeting followed, when the sisters passed examination and were' voted in. The next Sabbath was communion. . . The church meeting was appointed to be attended one month from that time, and continued' for four or five years a monthly meeting. The ministers present at the organization of the soci- ety were the Rev. Messrs. Fisher of Bluehill, Blood of Bucksport, Mason of Castine, Johnson of Belfast, and Gillet of Hallo>vell. Two other visiting brethren,, named Spaulding and Wason, probably laymen from the Bucksport church, seem to have been present; and it is said that two more clergymen, the Rev. Messrs. John Sawyer and H. May, were also in attendance. The number of visitors was thus over twice as great as that of the members of the infant society. "Father Fisher" was already a man of fifty-six years, and called by this venerable title; but he survived to nearly double that age, dying at last in Bangor at the age of one hundred and three, his funeral being attended at the first church October 24, 1858. He was not only present at the birth of the church, but he successively attended the ordinations of Mr. Pomroy in 1825, and Mr. Little in 1849. I'^ his diary occur the following en- tries; November 26, 1811. With Mr. Blood, Mason, Spaulding, and Wason, was to Bangor. .Arrived opposite Bangor about 3 P. M. On account of ice in the river, left horses in Orrington and crossed in small boats to Bangor. Council formed to gather a church, and prepare the way to ordain Mr. Loomis. Gathered a church of four male members, examined and approved the candidate, and assigned p.irts. 27th. Met with the Council at Mr. Garland's; procession formed; ordination proceeded. Parts as follows : Singing; pr.ayer by Rev. Jonathan Fisher; singing "Ascension" hymn; sermon by Rev. Mr. Giliet; church instituted; call renewed and accepted; ordaining prayer by Rev. Mr. Sawyer; charge by Rev. A. Johnson; right hand of fellow- ship by Rev. Mr. Blood; concluding prayer by Rev. Mr. Mason; exer- cises closed by singing "Denmark." As the Mr. Garland named does not appear as a mem- ber of the church, it is possible he was keeper of a public house at which the people assembled and the procession was formed. The place of meeting is not mentioned in the old annals; but as Miss Harrod states that the first communion service* was held the next Sabbath, and as this service is known to have been in a school-house then standing near the present corner of Pine and State streets, it is probable that the original meetings were held •The tradition is that the furniture of this communion service con- sisted of a common crockery pitcher and plate, with the ordioafy glass tumblers of the time. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 719 in the same place. The first meeting entered in the records, however, was held in the "Academy," a building remembered to have stood near the original county Court-house, on Hammond, near Main street. . The recollection of Miss Harrod is that "the sisters passed examination and were voted in" at the church meeting immediately following the ordination; but ac- cording to the church roll they were not received as members until March 11, 1812, when Mrs. Hannah Boyd, Mrs. Crosby, and Mrs. Hannah Crosby entered from the church at Orrington. Until then, for a period of about three months and a half, the church seems to have consisted of the original male, quartette. Mrs. Eliza Kendrick was added April 8, 181 2, from the church at Rochester, and the same date Mrs. Mary Gould was the first member received by profession, or "from the world," as the phrase of the. old record is. Then, May 13th, came two male members by profession — Messrs. Stephen Kimball and Samuel E. Button; and subse- quently the same year, mostly by letter, Mmes. Exper- ience Harlow, Mary Carr, Mary Allen, Hutchms, Betsey Low, Eunice Dresser, Marcie Button, Almira Carr, and Elizabeth Little. The first white child born in Bangor, Mary, wife of Andrew Mayhew, was received November 10, 1813.- The first deacon of the church was William Boyd, who had already been a deacon in his former church. The next was Stephen S. Crosby. Other deacons in the first thirty years of the church were Eliashib Adams, George W. Brown, Bradford Harlow, Alexander Bruraraond, Al- bert Titcomb, James Allen, and George A. Thatcher, some of whom, as Beacons Thatcher and Titcomb, are yet living. Soon after organization, the stated place of meeting of the church, in the absence of convenient public build- ings, became a small room or hall over James Crosby's store, on Exchange street. The next summer an attempt was made, but without success, to secure a sufficient sub- scription to build a meeting-house; and when, early in 1813, the old Court-house, now the City Hall, was so far finished that a part of it cohld be occupied, the congre- gation removed thither for worship. In 1822 a church building was completed for it — a frame house, standing upon the site still occupied by the society, and the first house of worship erected in Bangor. April 7, 1830, it was burned by an incendiary, who is said to have con- fessed shortly before his death that he did the deed in revenge for the excommunication of his wife. Services were held in the Baptist church until a new and better building, constructed of brick, was put up, and dedicated July 30, 183 1. This is the edifice still m honorable and useful service, with important improvements, and the in- troduction of an excellent plan of ventilation, in the lat- ter part of 1859. This also received a severe scorching in a neighboring fire the next year. In 1 81 5 the society received as a present the first church bell rung in Bangor. The following acknowledg- ment appeared in the Weekly Register a few months after: In July last Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Boston, presented to the First Congregational Society in Bangor a Bell for their Meeting-House. The bell was cast by Colonel Paul Revere [clarum et vencrahile no- men l\ weighing 1,095 pounds, and was raised to the Belfry in Bangor in July. Its sound, in favorable weather, distinctly fills a circle of twelve miles in diameter. Travelers remark that it affords a better sound than is common, and similar to that of bells most approved of. The Selectmen of Bangor embrace your paper as a medium through which respectfully and publicly to acknowledge the favor done said in- habitants by the generous donor, and to express their gratitude to him for his liberal present. Bangor, Feb. 15. The Rev. Harvey Loomis, first pastor of the church, had been a contemporary at Williams College of the cel- ebrated missionary band, including Samuel J. Mills, Gor- don Hall, and James Richards; and his name is inscribed among the five heroes of the haystack prayer-meeting, upon the monument erected at its site near Williamstovvn, to commemorate the birth of foreign missions in Ameri- ca. He came to his work in Bangor with the influences of that memorable period fresh within him. He served his church with great acceptance and success for more than thirteen years ; and his pastorate had an ending which is one of the most interesting traditions of the community. He had selected as his text for the morn- ing service on the opening Sabbath of 1821; the words of Jeremiah xxviii. 16: "This year thou shalt die." He en- tered his pulpit in wonted health; but, then and there, with his discourse of warning at hand, and before he had even spoken the opening service of the hour, he was stricken by the death angel. He died at his post, with his armor on. The Historical Sketch of the church, published in 1856, says : — The sermons of Mr, Loomis were short, pithy, pointed, direct, aimed at the conscience, and delivered in an interesting and impressive man- ner. While under his pastoral care, 143 persons were added to the church. It was during his pastorate that a very remarkable re- vival of religion occurred, beginning in November, 1814, and lasting for no less a period than three years. A manuscript book of historical memoranda, anony- mously prepared, and found among the records of the church, comprises the following concerning the succe.ssion of pastors and preachers, and some other matters: When Mr. Pomroy was first settled, there was but one church, The Seminary professors and students attended all the meetings, and among these Dr. Smith had become very much endeared to the people. Then the excellent and fervent Mr. Gallagher was here for three years, and was a very efficient help. Dr. Hamlin was here three years, and was as wise then as now. Mr. Dole was another valuable worker, like "a vol- cano covered with ice." Mr. Bradford Harlow, Mr. John Barker, and Deacon Adams were all prominent men — Mr. D. Pike too. There was a rapid influx of population which filled up the meeting-house, and which was not checked until 1837. The following additional notes are extracted from the Historical Sketch before mentioned : Rev. Swan L. Pomroy was ordained pastor of this church August 31, 1825. Rev. Doct. Payson, of Portland [the celebrated Edward Payson], preached the sermon. At the communion-season in March, 1828, an interesting and power- ful revival of religion commenced, which continued a number of months, and a large number of persons were added to the church. In March, iS3r, there appeared to be an unusual attention to the subject of religion, and a series of meetings were held, continuing six days, with great interest and a manifest blessing. In the year 1834 there was considerable religious interest in the city and large additions to the church, both by profession and by letter. During the years 1836 and 1837, there were considerable additions to the church. 720 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. About the commencement of the year 1840 there began a powerful revival of religion, which continued several months. It was deep, thorough, still. More than ninety persons were added to the church dur- ing the year, by profession alone. In April, 1845, Mr. Pomroy expressed a desire to be released from his labors, for the period of a year or WBre, for the purpose of improv- ing his health by traveling. To this request the church and parish con. sented. During the absence of Mr. Pomroy the parish was supplied by Rev. Professor Shepard. September 22, 1846, Rev. S. L. Pomroy arrived in this city, after an absence of about sixteen months in Europe and Asia, and resumed his pastoral labors. During.the summer of 1848 there was quite an interesting state of feeling in the congregation, particularly among the- young, and more than twenty persons expressed a hope in Christ. September 27, 1848, Rev. Mr. Pomroy, having been elected one of the Secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions, and having decided to ac- cept that office, communicated his intentions to the rhurch, with a re- quest that a council should be called to advise in the niatler. This re- quest was complied with, not without expressions of regret on the part of the church and of attachment to the pastor. A council was accord- ingly called, which at length came to this result, that it was the duty of Mr. Pomroy to accept the appointment. October 15 Mr. Pomroy preached his farewell sermon, having been the pastor of this. church more than twenty-three years, during which time nearly six hundred persons were added to the church. The pulpit was supplied after the dismission of Mr. Pomroy, and until Mr. Little was ordained, by Rev. Professor Smith, of the Theo- logical Seminary. On the 5th of May, 1B49, Mr. George B. Little, of Andover Theological Seminary, preached his first sermon to this church with the view of becoming its pastor. On the 26th of the same month the church voted unanimously to extend to him a call to settle over them. On the 21st of June Mr, Little accepted the call of the church, and on the nth of October was ordained. . . . The ser- mon was preached by Rev. Mr. Thurston, pfSearsport. In the spring of 1852 there was a very interesting revival of religion in the city, the blessings of which this church was permitted, in a good degree, to share, as a result of which nearly fifty persons were added to its membership by profession. Mr. Little left the pastorate of this church October 21. 1857- The pastors since have been the Revs. Edward W. Gih-nan, from January 13, 1859, to October 4, 1863; Lyman S. Rowland, November 16, 1864, to July 9, 1867; Newman Smyth, ordained March 3, 1870, and dismissed April 29, 1875; and S. Lewis B. Spear, June 5, 1879, to May 5, 1881. Many able men have also served the par- ish during the intervals of pastorates, oi" as occasional preachers. The total membership of the church, from its organiza: tion to October i, i88i, numbered 1,146. At the latter date it had 286 members, with a Sabbath-school of sixty- seven. The churches of Bangor colonized from this society, in vchole or in part, were the Hammond Street, to which forty-seven female and twenty-six male members were dismissed November 28, 1833; the North Bangor, four members, in May, 1838, and the Third, or Central, nine members, March 31, 1847. A secession from the church occurred, in the spring of 1881, and the formation of an independent meeting, by reason of troubles in the pastor- ate and dismission of the Rev. Mr. Spear. The following interesting notes concerning the early Sabbath-school are contributed by Miss Harrod's letter: So many children attended it very soon became necessary to remove to the Court-house, and in April, 1815, it commenced there. Deacon Adams the Superintendent. He took charge of the boys below, and I had the girls and some small boys in a room above. For a time all the lessons were given from the Westminster Shorter Catechism. The sum- mer that Mr. D. Pike came Deacon Adams resigned to him his office. The school was then reorganized, divided into classes, and many teach- ers became necessary. The school at its first commencement was at- tended at the close of the afternoon service — -which at that time was thought best, as it was given up in the fall and opened again in the spring. Mr. Pike changed the time to the morning, before service, and continued it through one season. The following spring he (Mr. Pike) changed it to noon time (that is, immediately after the forenoon ser. vices), and found many more attended. In 1817 he thought it best to continue it through the whole year. When he came, Bible classes were introduced, and the teachers' tneetings, all through his life, were exceedingly interesting and instructive. They (the teachers' meetings) were held weekly, on Friday evenings. It is a fact well worth perpetuating that the articles of faith and covenant of this church have been adopted by the church at Constantinople, Turkey, probably through the influence of the Rev. Dr. Hamlin, who was fprmerly here. HAMMOND STREET CONGREGATIONAL. The industry of Deacon E. F. Duren has supplied the following Historical Sketch of this chutch, in the Manual published some years ago : The Hainmond Street Congregatioual church in Ban- gor was organized Decembers, 1833. The occasion of forming it was the inability of the people to obtain seats in the First church. A committee of ten appointed at a meeting of the First church January 17, 1832, to whom the subject was referred, reported on the 7th of February following, unanimously in favor of organizing a new church. November 28, 1833, was observed as a day of fasting and prayer by the First church, and in the after- noon of the same day seventy-three of its members (twenty-six males and forty-seven females) were dismissed lor the purpose of organizing the new church. The following is a list of the pioneer seventy-three; George W. Brown, Sophia (Hammond) Brown, So])hia H. Brown [Smith], John M. Prince, Eleanor C. (Eaton) Prince, Joseph C. Lovejoy, Sarah (Moody) Lovejoy, Alexander Savage, Priscilla S. (Thomas) Savage, Mary G. Savage, Charles Rice, Miranda (Hammond) Rice, Josiah Deane, Betsey P. (Chandler) Deane, Hannah A. Chandler, Sarah M. (Chandler) Winslow, Francis Roberts, Ruth (Russell) Roberts, John Sargent, Ann (Alexander) Sargent, Abner Taylor, Harriet Hammond, Edmund Dole, Judith (Thurston) Dole, Jonathan Webster, John Webster, Abigail A. Webster, Sarah (Webster) Drum- inond, Moses Patten, Sally (Whittier) Patten, Thomas A. Hill, Elizabeth (Carr) Hill, Elizabeth A. (Hill) Poor, Jane S. Hill, George Starrett, Martha (Burgess) Starrett, Caroline L. (Storer) Morrill, Timothy Crosby, Lucy M. (Heywood) Crosby, Olive Crosby, William D. William- son, William Davenport (Rev.), Elizabeth S. (Poor) Davenport, John Thurston, Zadock Davis, Samuel Wiley, Stephen Holland, Benjamin Wyatt, David Hill, Pascal P. Learned, Mary (Goodale) Nourse, Sarah J. Nourse, Susan (Wilder) Bruce, Jane A. (Gray) Valentine, Clarissa (Call) Osgood, Ruth (Fisher) Ingrahara, Betsey H. (Clark) Savary, Elizabeth (Brown) Billings, Sarah (Howard) Smith, Emeline Smith, Marcia (Page) Dutton, Abigail Dutton, Sophia (Dutton) Godfrey, Mary D. God- frey, George W. Pickering, Hannah (Nevers) Crosby, Sabra (Warren) Bailey, Sarah R. (Edes) Rider, Electa (Beaman) Lancey, Mary (Porter) Webster, Mary (Allen) Webster, Sarah Holland. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 721 At a meeting of these individuals November 29, a Council was called, to meet December 5, in the vestry of the new meeting-house which had already been built; and a committee was appointed to prepare articles of faith and covenant. This Council was composed of the First church in Bangor, First and Second churches in Brewer, the Congregational churches in Bucksport, Hampden, and Orono, and Rev. Messrs. Jotham Sewall, John Sawyer, Enoch Pond, and Alvan Bond. The Council agreed to the organization of the church, and a public meeting was held for that purpose in the meeting- house of the First church. A call was given, March 21, 1834, to Rev. John Maltby, of Sutton, Massachusetts, to become the pastor, and it was accepted, and he was in- stalled July 23, 1834. The meeting-house, built of brick, was dedicated the same day. In 1853 the walls of this first house were raised an.d lengthened; and a spire took the place of the two towers and the whole interior of the house was refitted, including new pews, organ, pastor's study, and vestries. Services of re-dedication were held February 17, 1854. During Mr. Maltby's ministry, twenty-six years, 578 were received to the church, 322 by profession, 2.i;6 by letter. He died while absent from home, at Worcester, Massachusetts, May 15, i860, at the age of sixty-five. The second pastor, Rev. Edwin Johnson, was installed October 16, 1861. Having received a call from the Congregational church in Baltimore, Maryland, which was accepted, he was dismissed by Council November 7, 1865. Fifty-three were added to the church during his ministry, 29 by profession, and 24 by letter. " The third and present pastor. Rev. Solomon P. Fay, was installed November 9, 1866. This church has enjoyed eight special revival seasons since its formation. The whole number of members received to this church since its organization, to December, 1870, is 869 ; by letter, 431; by profession, 438; dismissed to other churches, 356; deceased, 168; excluded, 24. The num- ber of baptisms, 410 — children, 243; adults, 167. The total amount of collections for the various benev- olent objects of the church, to December, 1870, is $49,- 170. In 1847 the Central church in Bangor was organized, to which 23 members of Hammond Street church were dismissed in the first six years of its organization. The Hammond Street Sabbath-school was organized December 5, 1833. Five hundred and twenty teachers and 4,365 pupils have been connected with the school. It has had 1 2 superintendents and 1 2 secretaries. The church has been represented in 72 Ecclesiastical Councils for the ordination and installation of pastors ; in 16 for the ordination of missionaries and evangelists ; in 40 for the dismission of ministers ; in 15 for the or- ganization of churches; in 9 convened in cases of diffi- culty in churches. Ten members of this church were ordained ministers when they became connected with it ; 37 have been or- dained since uniting with this church, seven of whom were children of the church, and the others were mem- bers of the Theological Seminary ; seven of these have been ordained missionaries to foreign lands. There has been a Maternal Association which has met the first Wednesday afternoon of each month since 1834. Also a female prayer meeting which has been held every Saturday afternoon since the church was organized. The Rev. Dr. Enoch Pond, President of the Theolog- ical Seminary, in his sermon at the funeral of the Rev. Mr. Maltby, indulged in the following strain of eulogy ; To those who have been under the ministry of Mr, Maltby a quarter of a century, or more, it may seem superfluous that I should say aught as to the character of his preaching; and yet I may be indulged in a few remarks. Mr. Maltby was decidedly popular as a preacher, in the earlier part of his ministerial life, as is evident from his repeated and favorable calls to a settlement. And yet my impression is that he was constantly growing as a preacher, and that he continued to grow, even to the last year of his life. This was the natural result of his habits of study, and of close observation and experience. His sermons have been less wordy and metaphysical than formerly. They have been more condensed, more simple, direct, and practical, and for that reason the more pungent and impressive. Mr. Maltby's best efforts as a preacher have been at home among his own people. He has been called often to preach abroad upon great public occasions, and has always acquitted himself satisfactorily. And yet, owing to a native modesty and diffidence, or to some other cause, he has never appeared so well abroad as at home. You, my brethren of this church and congregation, who have been accustomed to hear him from Sabbath to Sabbath, — you best know his value as a preacher, and you know that for clear and fervid presentations of Divine truth, for earnest and glowing appeals to the conscience and the heart, and for a thrilling, startling eloquence, enough often almost to take us from our seats, our pastor has rarely, if ever, been excelled. I have heard a great many preachers in my day, and among them some of the most distinguished preachers in the land, but I have never heard a more stirring, effective dispensation of Divine truth anywhere than I have often heard in this house, and from the lips of our late pastor. But Mr. Maltby's great excellence as a minister, after all, was not in his pulpit performances. He was a most watchful, faithful, devoted pastor. He had those qualitities of mind and heart which best fitted him to be a pastor, — kindness, gentleness, benevolence, sympathy, — and all these associated with intelligence and judgment, and with a solemn sense of responsibility, as a watchman for souls. As a shep- herd he tenderly cared for his flock, and for all of them ; the old and the young, the rich and the poor, the honored and the despised. He watched for the spiritual interests of his people, and suffered no inquir- ing, desponding soul, whether saint or sinner, of which he had any knowledge, to be neglected. He sought out the sick and the afflicted, visited them , and remembered them in his prayers. How often have we heard him, in our public meetings and on the Sabbath, praying for the afflicted among his people, with a particularity and an earnestness which showed how deeply he was interested for them. Only a few Sabbaths ago, — the last time that he ever stood in his desk, and when he was too feeble to stand here at all, — he offered up one of these re- markable prayers. In his visits among the people Mr, Maltby sought, not only a social, but a spiritual acquaintance with them,— with their difficulties, their fears, their conflicts ,— that he might the more skilfully dispense to them the word of life, and give to every one his portion of meat in due sea- son. For the youth of his flock he felt a very special interest, and missed no opportunity to enlist them on the side of virtue and religion. How often did we see him in the Sabbath-school, standing up as a father in the midst of his children, encouraging the teachers, and point- ing the pupils in the way to heaven. Deacon Duren kindly supplies the additional notes : The successful pastorate of Rev. John Maltby, its first pastor, continuing twenty-six years, closed by his lament- ed death, May 15, i860. Five hundred and forty-eight had during that time been added to the membership of the church— three hundred and twenty-two on confession of their faith, and two hundred and fifty-six by letter from other churches. 722 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. While without a pastor the pulpit was supplied for several months by Rev. Henry Storer, of Searboro; Rev. H. Q. Butterfield, now President of Olivet College, Michigan; by Professors George Shepard and Samuel Harris, of Bangor Theological Seminary, and for shorter periods by others; while Dr. Pond, who has been the friend and helper of the church since its organization, was ever ready to supply the pulpit, attend social meet- ings, and perform needed pastoral labor. The second pastor. Rev. Edwin Johnson, was installed pastor October i6, i86r. Sermon by Rev. George Leon Walker, of Pordand; instaUing prayer, Dr. Pond; charge, Rev. Prof S. Harris, D. D.; right-hand. Rev. E. W. Gil- man, of the First church, Bangor; address to the people. Prof George Shepard, D. D. Having received a call to the Congregational church, Baltimore, Maryland, which he accepted, he was dismissed by Council, November 7, 1865. Fifty-three were added to the church during his ministry — twenty-nine on confession of faith and twenty- four by letter. Mr. Johnson graduated at Yale, 1846; Yale Theological Seminary, 1850; was pastor of the First church, Jacksonville, Illinois, 1851-57; of Bowdoin street church, Boston, 1857-61. He has been pastor at Baltimore, Maryland, and Bridgeport, Connecticut, and is now resident at Morrisania, New York, and in charge of a young ladies' high school. In November, 1865, a call was extended to Rev. John S. Sewall, now Professor in the Theological Seminary, and in April, 1866, lo Rev. Samuel H. Lee, now of Oberlin, Ohio, to the pastorate; both of which were de- clined. The third pastor. Rev. Solomon Payson Fay, was in- stalled November 9, 1866. Sermon by Rev. Alexander McKenzie, of Augusta; installing prayer, Rev. Dr. Har- ris, of the Theological Seminary, Bangor; charge, Rev. L. S. Rowland, of First church, Bangor; right-hand, Rev. G. W. Field, of the Central church, Bangor; ad- dress to people. Rev. Smith Baker, of Orono. During his ministry three hundred and two were added to the membership of the church — one hundred and eighty on confession of faith and one hundred and twenty-two by letter. Mr. Fay graduated at Marietta College, Ohio, 1844; Andover Seminary, 1847; pastor at Hampton, New Hampshire, 1844-54; Congregational church, Day- ton, Ohio, 1854-59; agent American Tract Society, Bos- ton, 1860-61; pastor Congregational church. Fall River, Massachusetts, 1861-63; supplied Salem Street church, Boston, 1863-65. He was dismissed by Council from this church December 19, 1879. He has supphed for about a year the Village church, Dorchester, Massachu- setts, and was installed its pastor November 2, 1881. While without a pastor since 1879, the pulpit has been supplied by Rev. Charles L. Mills sixteen Sabbaths; Rev. William Greenwood, eight; Rev. E. C. Winslow, four; Rev. C. Wallace, D. D., nine (each of whom added more or less pastoral work); supplied also by Professors in the Theological Seminary thirty-three Sabbaths, and by others from one to three Sabbaths each. On the 24th of October, 1881, the church and society by a joint committee appointed by them extended a call to Rev. Henry L. Grififin, of New Britain, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College, to be their pastor. The call was accepted, and Mr. Griffin shortly after entered upon his duties. The whole number of members received into this church to the present time, November, 1881, is 1,079; by letter, 497 ; by profession, 582 ; dismissed to other churches, 472; deceased, 238; excluded, 23 — making the present number 346. Of these are resident mem- bers, 272 ; non-resident, 74. The smallest number in any year was 73 the first year; 127 the second year; the largest number was 388; average for the forty-eight years, 304. ' Of the number who constituted the church in 1833 (65 members) only three remain. The native place of 696 members was Maine; New England States (165 of them in Massachusetts), 279; Middle and Western States, 33; foreign lands, 71 ; total, 1,079. The annual meeting of the church is held on the last Wednesday in December, when the history of the church for the year, the amount of its benevolent contributions, letters and reports from non-resident members, in merao- riam of deceased members, etc., is presented. The amount of contributions for benevolent purposes for the forty-eight years is $63,112. From 1878 the weekly system of giving in envelopes, has been adopted The church has sent delegates to the annual and semi- annual meetings of the Penobscot Conference of Con- gregational churches. It has been represented in 93 councils for the ordination and installation of pastors; in 21 for the ordination of missionaries or evangelists; in 54 for the dismission of ministers ; in 16 for the organi- zation of churches ; in 11 convened incases of diiSculties in churches. The church edifice was built of brick in 1833, and dedicated July 23, 1834. Sermon by Rev. JohnMaltbyj pastor-elect, who was installed in the afternoon of the same day. In 1850 a neat chapel was built in the rear of the church edifice, which was occupied instead of the damp vestries in the basement, until the meeting-house was remodeled in 1853. The walls were then raised and lengthened ; a spire took the place of the two towers, and the whole interior of the house was refitted, including new pews, organ, pastor's study, and vestries. Services of re-dedication were held February 17, 1854. Sermon by the pastor. Rev. John Maltby; dedicatory prayer, Rev. G. B. Little, of the First Church. In 1875, the interior of the audience-room was re-painted and frescoed, at an expense of $700. During the three months it oc- cupied, services were held in the vestry. On the loth of October the house was re-opened with appropriate ser- vices. The following is a list of the officers of the society : Moderators— John Godfrey, at the first meeting 1832-33; also in 1845-47-49 ; T. A. Hill, 1834; W. D. Williamson, 1835-38, 184041; James McGaw, iS39;G. Wheelwright, 1842-44; Otis Small, 1846; Walter Brown, 1850-52; J. T. K. Haywood, 1853; W. H. Mills, 1854- 57-61-63-66; G. W. Pickering, 1858; J. L. Hodgdon, 1859-60; Charles Hayward, 1862-64-79; A- ^oyes, 1865-67-70-74-76; D. Wheeler, 1871-72; W. Mann, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 723 1873-77; William Flowers, 1875 ;T. W. Vose, 1878-80; E. Neally, 1881. Clerks. — W. Thurston, 1833-36; Charles H. Ham- mond, 1837; Charles Godfrey, in 1838; Henry Button, 1839-44; Joel Hills, 1845-46; R. Potter, 1847-49, '59-62; Z. S. Patten, 1850-52; E. A. Upton, 1853; H. A. Butler, 1854-55; G. H. Starrett, 1856-58; J. H. Perkins, 1865- 67; J. N. Chandler, 1868-69; E. B. Nealley, 1870-76; J. F. Kimball, 1877-78; G. S. Dole from 1879. Treasurers. — George Starrett, 1833-36; J. A. Poor, 1837; J. McDonald, 1838; E. F. Duren, 1839-45; W. H. Mills, 1846-48; J. Chapman, 1849; J- £• Littlefield, 1850-74; A. L. Bourne, from 1875. Officers of the Church. — Deacons — George W. Brown, 1833 to his death in 1850; George Starrett, 1833 to his death in 1837; Zebulon Smith, 1837-46; J. E. Littlefield, 1840 to his death in 1876; E. F. Duren, 1840-45, and 1854 to the present time; J. McDonald, 1846-47; J. S. Wheelwright, 1847-53; J- McGaw, 1850-54; E. D. God- frey, 1850-53; S. D. Thurston, from 1863; J. T. Tewks- bury, 1863 to his death in 1872; A. L. Bourne, from 1873; William P. Anderson, 1873-74; George Webster, from 1873. Scribes — William Davenport, 1833-35; J- E. Little- field, 1835-40; E. F. Duren, 1840-42-43-45; R. Potter, 1842-43-46-47-48-50; E. Valentine, 1845-46, and Decem- ber, 1850-51; J. A. Hatch, 1847-48; E. D. Godfrey, 1851-52; J. S. Johnson, 1852-53; E. F. Duren, from 1853 to this time. In addition to the Parish Circle and Literary Club, the ladies have special organizations. A Missionary Society was formed by them in 1835; Dorcas Society in 1847 — both of which are now merged in the Missionary Circle. A Tract Society was organized in May, 1865; Maternal Association in 1834. Prayer meetmg Saturday after- noons. The Bangor Rill is a missionary organization for the children of the Sabbath-school. All arms of the church are quite efficient. The Sabbath-school was organized December 5, 1833. Six hundred teachers and five thousand pupils have been connected with it. Superintendents. — George W. Brown and George Starrett, 1833-35; John M. Prince, 1836-37; John Mc- Donald, 1838; Louis Turner, 1839; Frederick Lambert, 1840-41; Charles Godfrey, 1846-54; W. H. Mills, 1855- 58; S. D. Thurston, 1859-62; E. F. Duren, 1863-71; A. L. Bourne, 1872; George Webster, 1873-76; J. M. Dag- gett, from 1877. Mary B. Allen, Assistant Superinten- dent juvenile department, 1872-78; Mrs. J. A, Kimball, from 1878. Secretaries. — William Davenport, 1833-34; S. P. Dut- ton, 1835; E. F. Duren, 1836-41, and 1843; J. E. Little- field, 1842; John M. Prince, Jr., 1844; Henry S. Brown, 1845-46; John B. Foster, 1847 and 1854; W. H. Mills, 1848-49; J. A. Hatch, 1850; E. F. Duren, 1852-59; J. H. Perkms, 1860-62-63; A. L. Bourne, 1861; W. E. Mann, 1864-66; Charles M. Griffin, 1867-69; George Webster, 1870-72; S. Alden, 1873; John F. Kimball, 1874-79-80; John H. Kerr, 1875-78; John H. Dole, from 1 88 1. THE CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. In the early part of 1847 the subject of the formation of a new Congregational society began to exercise the minds of members of the churches of that faith in Ban- gor, and several informal meetings for discussion were held. On the 23d of January, under the State law, an application was duly made to John E. Godfrey, Esq., a justice of the peace in this city, looking to the incorpo- ration of the Central Congregational Society of Bangor. This was signed by Messrs. Eliashib Adams, John Mc- Donald, William G. Hardy, W. S. Dennett, Charles W. Jenkins, Asa Walker, Romulus Haskins, Bradford Han- low, John Barker, A. H. Roberts, James Allen, Joel Hill, William Hall, and R. Thurston. In pursuance of the preliminary proceedings, the soci- ety was fully organized at a meeting held February 2, 1847. Deacon E. Adams was elected Moderator, and Mr. Asa Walker Clerk. Messrs. John McDonald, Charles W. Jenkins, and Romulus Haskins, were elected Assessors, and likewise appointed Parish Committee for the year. Deacon James Allen was made Treasurer and Collector. Deacon Adams was chosen Auditor. It was voted that any person might become a member, for the time being, under the approval of the Parish Committee, by entering his name for that purpose in the parish books. The committee was instructed to procure, as soon as may be, a suitable place for holding a separate meeting, and to procure preaching for such a meeting. The hall in the new market-house was accordingly secured, and the ear- lier services of the church were held here. Some inef- fectual attempts were made during the next four or five years to purchase or lease a lot and erect a house of worship; and, at the fifth annual meeting of the society, held March 15, 1852, it was resolved, "that the present prospect of success is not, in our judgment, sufficient to warrant the continuance of our labors, and that, in effect, the further maintenance of public worship in that place must rest with the other Congregational churches of the city." A committee was appointed to present the resolu- tions to the other societies, which in due time reported as the sense of those bodies that "the Central Congrega- tional Church Society ought to be sustained," and "that said church and society ought to have and must have a house of worship, and that we will help them to erect it." Invigorated by this encouragement, a new committee, consisting of Messrs. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Charles W. Jenkins, Romulus Haskins, Carlostin Jewett,and Henry S. Brown, was appointed to make fresh inquiries relative to the purchase of a lot, and it was also authorized to em- ploy an architect to make a plan for a meeting-house. Upon their report a vote was taken in favor of purchas- ing the lot on Exchange street owned by Mrs. Mitchell and others, and the committee was instructed to obtain subscriptions for its purchase. It was soon afterward voted to buy instead one or two lots on French street, owned by Mr. Nathaniel Lord, where the church build- ing now stands ; although the committee was presently given the option of purchasing either the southern part of these or the lot first named. The committee on lots was made a building committee, with J. S. Wheelwright as 7i4 HISTORY Of PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. chairman, and instructed to procure the requisite plans and advertise for proposals for the erection of the edifice, as soon as the subscriptions should amount to $9,000. They met with good success in the procurement of sub- scriptions; the property on French street was purchased; and the erection of the house now occupied for worship by the society went rapidly forward. A somewhat unique resolution was passed March 14, 1853, "that the Parish Committee be authorized, if they see fit, to engage some person deemed competent to teach a singing-school in connection, or otherwise, with the other Congregational societies, for the benefit of our singing, and to pay the expense out of the contingent fund." Some years afterwards another vote was passed, "that, when we adopt the new books, the congregation be respectfully requested to unite with the choir in sing- ing all the hymns." By 1853 the membership of the Parish had increased to forty. Twenty-five were added at one vote March 23, 1863. March 12, 1878, the number who had been or were members to that time was 112. March 28, 1859, the use of the meeting-house was offered to the First Parish, while the church building be- longing to the latter was in course of repair. March 23, 1874, a debt incurred by the Sabbath- school, to the amount of $300, was assumed by the Parish. The first preacher to the church was Professor George Shepard, D. D., of the Theological Seminary, who served the society very acceptably and ably for sixteen years, resigning his acting pastorate at last March 23, 1863. He received at various times from $800 to $1,000 per year for his services. Resolutions of cordial appre- ciation, and a memorial from the ladies of the parish, were presented to him upon his retirement. The Rev. George W. Field, of Boston, was called to the pastorate April 4, 1863, and accepted, at a salary of $1,500 per year, which was increased to $1,800 at the annual meeting of 1865, in 1867 to $2,500, with the grant of six weeks' vacation every year, and in 1872 to $2,720. It was maintained at the latter rate until 1879, when it was reduced by $250, and has since been kept at $2,500. Mr. Field is still serving the society with great efficiency and success. INDEPENDENT CONGREGATIONAL (UNITARIAN) CHURCH.* The origin of our society as a liberal organization dates back to a time prior to the birth of Unitarianism in America. As you probably know, although the new leaven of liberal thought had been for a long time per- ceptibly working in the older settlements of New England, notably Boston and vicinty, rending almost every parish and village with fierce theological controversy, it was not until Dr. Channing's famous sermon was preached at the ordination of Mr. Sparks in Baltimore, in 18 19, that the real break occurred, and that the Unitarian church of America came into a recognized, and we might say a then abhorred existe nce. Just one year previous to this ♦Extract from a sermon preached in the fall of 1877, by the Rev. A. M. Knapp. Most kindly copied and furnished by Thomas W. Baldwin, Esq. open rupture between the two antagonistic schools of thought, — that is, in 1818, — we find from the record that the prevailing restlessness and dissatisfaction with the old order of things had reached the remote settlement of Bangor, and it took the form of a secession from the only Congregational church existing in the place. Contrary to the usual course of things in Massachu- setts, where in very many cases the liberal party outnum- bered their opponents, forced them to secede, and re- tained the church property, here the little band of liberal thinkers became exiles from their old religious home. The conflict which preceeded their exile seems to have been a bitter one, in which theological controversy ran high, and the odium theologicum was intense. The aim of the other party seems to have been the establishment of a religious test, doubtless with the idea of bringing about the exclusion of the new thought and its adherents. Against this thoroughly un-Protestant proceeding the real Protestants rebelled, and finding themselves in a minority, withdrew. With what feeling this was done, you may gather from the record. Not with the intent to revive old feuds, nor recall painful rec- ollections, but simply to give an idea of the prevailing spirit and temper of that time of eager controversy, in the heat of which doubtless many things which never should have been uttered, were said upon both sides, I will quote the original bond of association: Whereas, the peace and good order of society depend in a great measure upon the harmony existing between the various denominations of religious people; and whereas, it is provided by the constitution of this Commonwealth that there shall be no subordination of one religious sect or denomination to another; and whereas, in our opinion, the sentiments and conduct of the present Congregational Society in the town of Bangor are uncharitable, intolerant, and oppressive, tending to establish a religious test and to destroy that quiet, peace, and harmony which is of essential importance to the well-being of manlcind; therefore we whose names are undersigned, desirous of preventing the evils which necessarily result from the conduct above mentioned, and of promoting religion upon consistent and liberal principles, do hereby agree to form ourselves into a society to be called the Independent Congregational Society of Bangor. To this remarkable bond of association there were signed twenty-one names, many of which were the names of men who, by the weight of their character, their public spirit, and business integrity, stood high in the estimation of their townsmen, and gave a decided impress to that spirit of individuality and sturdy common sense which our community in an eminent degree still retains.* The new society, homeless and feeble, evidently had a hard struggle for existence. For five years there are on record but two important business meetings, held respectively at the houses of Joseph R. Lumbert and Wiggins Hill. At the latter three new members were admitted, who signed a paper agreeing to unite them- selves to the Independent Congregational Society for the support of the rational doctrines of liberal Christianity. In 1823 the society seems to have attained the dignity of a regular parish, as there appears the first formal call for a parish meeting at the Court-house, now the City Hall, where Sunday services were occasionally held, that place having been the early home of every religious soci- ety in the city. * The association was formed March 25, 1818, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COtTlSfTY, MaInE. 72s During the first fifteen or twenty years of its existence, though there was no rapid increase in numbers, the ac- cessions to the society were for the most part men of even more sterling worth, of even more influence and stand- ing, than the original twenty-one, some of whom could not remain under the odium which attached to the new or- ganization. In 1824 a committee was chosen to provide a house for worship. But how poorly provided the society was for such a pecuniary burden may be gathered from the fact that in that year the sum appropriated for the support of the ministry was $120. The next year the sum was doubled, and for quite a number of years thereafter there was a steady increase, untill the salary voted indicated what was in those times positive affluence. There is no mention of any step taken toward building until, in 1827, a part of the present lot of land was given to the society by Isaac Davenport, for the erection of a brick church. This was a doubly acceptable gift, pro- viding, it would seem, not only the land, but also the impetus needed; for in two years more, in 1829, the church was completed, which, singularly enough, though it fronted on Main street, was always known by the name of the Union Street Brick Church, that being also the name by which the corporation called itself. The confusion which might result from the use of the two names, "In- dependent Congregational Society" and "Union Street Brick Church," the former being an unincorporated body, was in 1852 remedied by a new incorporation under the first name, the two old associations deeding to the new all the property held under their respective names. The so-called Union Street Brick Church was a plain, commodious structure, the largest and finest then in the city. It was dedicated September 3, 1829, by services in which Rev. Mr. Huntoon, of Canton, Massachusetts, and Rev. Mr. Frothingham, of Belfast, took part. The call to a minister to settle with the new society followed close upon the completion of the church. On the 7th of November it was unanimously voted to extend a call to the Rev. Benjamin Huntoon, of Canton, Massa- chusetts. Mr. Huntoon remained pastor four years, administer- ing his office and performing his duties to the satisfaction of all, and endearing himself to all by his kindly ways. He resigned, in 1833, on account of ill health. The pulpit now remained vacant for two years, the usual difference of opinion in an independent society manifesting itself in regard to candidates, until in 1835 a call was given to Mr. Frederic H. Hedge, of Cam- bridge, a young man of thirty. During the fifteen years of Dr. Hedge's ministry the growth and prosperity of the society seem to have cul- minated. In numbers, wealth, and influence it was a power in the community. Though under him the strength and prosperity of the society culminated, yet also under him it saw its period of greatest depression. It was in his pastoral that the great bubble of speculation burst, and financial ruin came upon almost every family in the city. In 1847 Dr. Hedge obtained leave of absence for a year, for the purpose of visiting Europe. In the follow- ing year, extensive repairs being made upon the church, the Universalist society offered the use of their house, an offer which was gratefully accepted, and as a mark of appreciation of the kindness, a clock was presented to our hospitable neighbors. Two years after the pastor's return from Europe, in the fifteenth year of his ministry, he received and accepted a call from the Westminster society in Providence, Rhode Island, and his resignation followed, his people parting from him with the deepest regret, and with many expressions of their love and appreciation. Only six months intervened before a call was given to Rev. Joseph H. Allen, of Washington, D. C, then a young man of thirty. His pastorate continued six years. In him the scholarly tone of thought and life given by his predecessor was continued; and the society, having recovered in some degree from its financial embarrass- ments, continued as prosperous and successful as could be expected. Its prosperity, however, received another most severe check in the total destruction of the church by fire on the morning of Sunday, November 30, 1851. Only the communion service, part of the pew furniture, the pulpit, and the Sunday-school library, were saved from the wreck. From the many proffers of use of churches, the society deemed it best to accept that of their old friends, the Universalists, with whom they were then and have ever been in the pleasantest relations. The misfortune under which they labored, there being no insurance on the property destroyed, was not permit- ted to discourage the people. With characteristic energy, measures were immediately taken to rebuild. A building committee was chosen, the lot was greatly enlarged by the purchase of more land, and in September of 1853, about twenty months after the destruction of the former church, the present exquisitely proportioned and beauti- ful edifice was finished, and furnished with a taste and judgment which in those days had not been excelled. No very heavy debt was incurred, and in the whole history of the society there has been no stain upon its financial honor; it seems never to have been burdened with any debt which it was not within its power, with very slight effort, to liquidate. Generous liberality seems to have marked the course of its prominent members, thus showing that they kept true to the original articles of as- sociation, which declared for religion upon consistent and liberal principles. In May, 1857, closed Mr. Allen's pastorate, after sev- en years of the untiring labor and devoted zeal which have ever marked his character and services. After two more years of the dreary experience of hear- ing candidates, and after an unsuccessful call to the Rev. Mr. Frothingham, of Portland, the society heard with such great satisfaction the very youngest sermons of Mr. C. C. Everett, then a young man of thirty, a student in the Cambridge Divinity School, that, he not being able to consider a call while connected with the school, they waited nearly half a year for his release, and then had the fortune to secure as their pastor one who, besides 726 HISTORY OF PEKOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. giving them for ten years the blessing of faithful and de- voted service and valued friendship, has also won for himself a world-wide reputation among scholars and men of letters, for work which is destined to live with ever increasing influence — work, too, performed under every possible discouragement and physical disability. The relation of pastor and people was so thoroughly har- monious that nothing but his appointment to a professor- ship at Harvard could, in all probability, have sufficed to sever the bond. After the resignation of Mr. Everett, with that extraor- dinary disposition which the society has constantly ex- hibited to repeat its history, an interval of two years of candidating elapsed, until in September, 187 1, your pres- ent pastor (Rev. Arthur May Knapp), then a young man of thirty, was called. Mr. Baldwin adds a note to'bring the history from the time of Mr. Knapp's pastorate to the present : In February, 1874, Mr. Knapp asked for a leave of absence for six months on account of ill health, which time he spent in traveling in Europe. In the summer of 1877 extensive repairs .were made on the interior of the church, and at the opening of the church after their completion, Rev. Mr. Knapp preached the sermon from which the foregoing extract is taken. In February, 1879, he closed his pastorate. In February, 1880, Rev. S. J. Stewart, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, was called to fill the pulpit for one year; and so great satisfaction did he give that in November, 1880, a permanent call was given him, which he ac- cepted. WEST BANGOR CHAPEL (CONGREGATIONAL).* In 1833, when the village was known as Barkerville, some who believed that here was one of the by-ways where their Master would have them go, to invite people to the gospel-feast, held meetings in the school-house, which was then located on the Webster road, near the corner of Lincoln street. The members of the Theo- logical Semmary took an active part in the work ; among them Rev. Dr. Hamlin, afterwards a prominent mission- ary in Turkey; Revs. John D. Paris and Elias Bond, missionaries at the Sandwich Islands, and Rev. George F. Claflin, a missionary to Africa. In 1848 two young men, members of Hammond Street society, afterwards active members of the church, J. Evarts Pond, and Henry W. Rice established a Sab- bath-school, which was the origin of the present school. It was held at first only from May to October, but for the last twenty-five years every Sabbath. In 1858 there was a regular organization of the school. Darius E. Adams, now a devoted pastor at Ashburnham, Massachusetts, was the first Superintendent ; William G. Duren, Secretary, who has been connected with the school as teacher. Secretary, Manager, or Superintendent for twenty-five years, with unwearied devotion and constancy. Dennis C. Fink was its second Superintendent, afterward a faith- ful minister, who died in New Boston, New Hampshire, June 22, 1871, a ged thirty-nine. Deacon S. D. Thurston * By Deacon Elnathan F. Duren. and Deacon W. P. Anderson were Superintendents a few months each, the latter until he removed to Boston; Deacon A. L. Bourne, Superintendent five years; N. W, Littlefield from 1880. Teachers from Hammond Street and other churches, and the Seminary, have been present each Sabbath, and done good service. The Sabbath-school and religious services were held in the school-house on Webster street, and in Allen Street school-house when that was built, in 1849, ^'l in the neighborhood meeting together. In 1872-3 some oppo- sition began to spring up, and the result was that a part of the time the Sabbath-school and meetings were held in private dwellings. All felt the need of having a Christian home. There were forty families represented, and there being no church edifice in the vicinity, many were unable to attend public worship, and the school- house was not large or convenient enough to accommo- date all who desired to. Accordingly the present neat chapel was built in 1873-4, and dedicated April 2, 1874, Professor Barbour, and Dr. Pond, of the Seminary, Rev. G. W. Field, Rev. S. P. Fay, and Rev. J. E. Pond, of the Congregational churches, Rev. Dr. Butler, of the Baptist church, and Rev. A. Prince, of the Methodist church, taking part in the service. A hymn was written for the occasion by Mrs. J. E. Littlefield, and a poem by Mrs. D. M. Dun- ham. Mr. and Mrs. Dunham, Mr. and Mrs. H. Doughty, Mr. and Mrs. William G. Duren, with efficient helpers, took a leading interest in the work. Much of the mate- rial was donated and money contributed by friends, and nearly every one in the vicinity gave a portion of their services to aid in building. The lot was paid for by three gentlemen respectively connected with the three Congregational churches of Bangor, and they were ap- pointed trustees of the property (though the enterprise was not considered denominational). The changes which have been wrought in the general condition of that part of the city bear testimony to the influence of the efforts to promote its moral and relig- ious interests. There is a change in its outward appear- ance. There is thrift and order and quiet where there were once shiftlessness, disorder, and confusion. The West Bangor Chapel Association was organized June 5, 1880, and by-laws were adopted. The following are the officers; Rev. J. E. Adams, Deacon A. L. Bourne, James A. Dole, Charles E. Seeland, Edward H. Bailey, Standing Committee; William G. Duren, Secre- tary; Pierre McConville, Treasurer; E. F. Duren, Au- ditor. CROSBYVILLE CHAPEL. A missionary enterprise, conducted as an undenomi- national effort, but in which the Congregationalists of the city took chief interest, has been undertaken of late years in that quarter known as " Crosby ville," on the Hampden road, below the City Farm. It culminated in the latter part of 1881, in the erection of a neat chapel for public worship — a building very creditable to the neighborhood, and one which gives promise of the or- ganization therein, at no distant day, of a flourishing, re- ligious society. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 727 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.* Nine persons, members of the Baptist churches, had become residents of Bangor, who, in their private dwell- ings, were often together for prayer; occasionally enjoy- ing a communion season with the church in Hampden, of which they became members — but chiefly attending upon the preaching of the town minister, of course, if, as provident men, they looked for any benefit from their re- ligious money, which was legally claimed for his support. In December, 181 7, the Rev. Isaac Case, on a mission- ary tour, visited these brethren, and baptized two per- sons, Edward Sargent and Sarah Randall, supposed by some to be the first persons baptized in town. Resulting from that visit was the appointment of a meeting for the organization of a church. Accordingly, on the afternoon of the 25th of January, 1818, a few neighbors were seen quietly gathering in a room then occupied by Thomas Bradbury, in a house owned by a Mr. Seward, in the rear of the present Penob- scot Exchange, which was the service which we now commemorate. The presiding officer was the venerable Elder Buck, of Orland; Nathaniel Parker, of Hampden, was clerk; and Elders Dexter, of China, Case of Read- field, and Ruggles, of Carmel, with deacons from distant churches, sat in council with them. Before them sat eleven disciples, meeting a singular embarrassment at the very threshold of their undertaking. Unfortunately their letters of dismission, expected from distant churches, had not arrived; and, therefore, in apostolic independence of all ecclesiastical authority (perhaps the most distinctive principle of their denomination), it was decided that each should give an account of personal religious experience, and that they should be recognized as a church, if satis- factory evidence was given to the council, and to one another, of a special work of grace in their hearts. Satisfactory evidence having been obtained of the con- version of those professed disciples, all stood in a circle with joined hands, as the covenant was read, when Elder Case exhorted them to faithfulness in the Christian walk, and then commended to God in prayer the little house- hold, thus in primitive simplicity organized, which ven- tured to assume a name as the Baptist Church of Ban- gor, and to open its apparently uninviting door for the welcome of heaven-bound pilgrims. The organization having been completed," Mr. Nathan Fiske immediately presented himself as a candidate for membership, and on the following Sabbath was baptized ; after which the little band, just equal in number to that with the Master when the sacred rite was instituted, assembled for the first time around the table of the Lord. Popular prejudice still remained, hardly credible now; which, happily, none of any sect would countenance at the present time, for which none now living are account- able. Quite difficult for us to believe the fact that here, at that time, a man who otherwise would have had urged upon him the honors of the community, was rudely pushed into the ditch on Sunday, because one coming *Abridged from an historical discourse by the Rev. Albion K. P. Small, the Sabbath after the semi-centennial anniversary, January 25, 1B68. from a Baptist meeting was not supposed to have any right to walk the same path with those of the standing order. And women are remembered who went with drooping heads and veiled faces, because to be known going to their place of worship was no slight humiliation. And the pittance of money which they could spare for religious purposes being still expected for the support of the town minister, — to provide for one of their own, and to obtain a respectable place of public worship, being ut- terly impossible, — we are quite certain that nothing less than most decided convictions of duty could have led that little church, in its penury, to venture out into the cold world, so like its Master, without where to shelter its head. From its birthplace it might have been followed, now to an old school-house on State street ; and now to a place once known as "Leavitt's Hall," near City Point, then known as " Budge's Point ; " sometimes to a school- house on the hill opposite the First Parish church ; some- times to one on Union street ; driven at times to an un- finished upper room in that private dwelling (so difficult of access) now standing nearly opposite the Hammond Street church ; and at length to the old City Hall. When attempts had been made to obtain land on which to build, others of more ability immediately purchased it, to de- prive them of any permanence. In one year after the organization of the church. Rev. Otis Briggs was invited to the pastorate, which office he nominally filled about two years (somewhat longer, preach- ing a part of the time, while Preceptor of Hampden Academy), never having been installed, but referred to in the records as the " Elder " of the church. Mr. Briggs was a graduate of Brown University, of the class of 1808. He was ordained as pastor of the church in North Yar- mouth, July 23, 18 1 6, where he remained two years, and commenced his ministry here in the spring of 18 19. He was afterwards pastor of the First Baptist church in Hampden eight years, and three years of the Second church in that town. In 1838 he was appointed agent of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and on a journey in that service, after an illness of four days, during which he calmly closed his worldly affairs, sending affectionate messages to his family, and speaking of his hope in his Redeemer and his readiness to depart, he suddenly died at the house of a friend in South Carolina, October i, 1842, aged fifty-six years. The records of the Maine Baptist Convention (which was organized in 1824) show that missionaries of its ap- pointment preached here for a few weeks or months, at different times ; among whom were William D. Grant, Ezra Going, H. B. Dodge, and Daniel Bartlett. Thus the church pursued an uneven journey, with al- most disheartening feebleness, till 1828, when there dawned one of the brightest, most memorable seasons in all its history. The singular faith and courage which seemed to prelude the new era may be suggested by the fact that land had at length been secured, and arrange- ments made for the erection of a sanctuary, the estimated cost of which was more than all the property of the mem- bers. The plans of that house were spoken of as indica- tions of insanity. Days of fasting and prayer were of 728 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. somewhat frequent occurrence. Unexpected and gener- ous friends soon were found, prominent among whom were Messrs. N. R. Cobb, of Boston, and Nicholas Brown, of Providence. As a pleasing indication of more kindly popular feeling, it appears that Benjamin Bussey, Esq., of Boston, to whom the Selectmen of Bangor had presented a vote of thanks for his donation of a bell for the Congregational society in 1816, now (twelve years later) united with John P. Boyd in bestowing upon this society the same favor. At a meeting of the Maine Baptist Convention in Thomaston, in October, 1827, the chairman of the com- mittee to distribute the meagre domestic missionary funds, in a special plea for as large an appropriation as possible towards a missionary for Bangor, set forth the condition of this promising village in such an interesting manner that Deacon Joshua Adams, of Thomaston (or " Owl's Head," as the fathers would say), immediately arose and pledged the support of a missionary at Bangor for eight weeks. The Rev. J. S. Smith was found all ready for the service, even longing for it before it was proposed. The place of baptism so frequently visited before the native banks of the Kenduskeag were changed into city wharves, was spoken of as near the hay scales on Ex- change street, not far from the house where the church was organized. The first regularly settled pastor was Rev. Thomas B. Ripley, who had been a pastor in Portland twelve years. He arrived in Bangor in season to preach the dedication sermon, the i6th of April, 1829, from the text, i Chron. 29; 3 — "I have set my affection to the house of my God." The interesting services of that occasion were partici- pated in by Rev. Dr. Pomroy, of the First Parish church; Rev. Greenleaf Greeley, of the Methodist church; Rev. Mr. Briggs, of Hampden; and Professors Adams and Smith, of the Theological Seminary. The Bangor Register of that date said: "It was gratifying to witness the harmony which seemed to pervade the feelings of the different denominations; and it is believed the friends of religion had much enjoyment." The installation of Mr. Ripley took place on the loth of September, 1829, in connection with the fourth very interesting anniversary of the Penobscot Baptist Asso- ciation which was held here; — the sermon being preached by Rev. Alonzo King, of North Yarmouth, from the text James 5: 20 — "Let him know that he which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins." The First Baptist Society was duly organized on the 17th of October, 1828, and during all the years since it has acted most efficiently and in perfect harmony with the church. This was the period also when the Sunday-school, after fitful signs of life while following the hard fortunes of the church, came into vigorous action by the organization of a Sunday-school Society, as another co-ordinate and profitable branch of the service. After five years of growth and consolidation, during which a book of hymns for social worship, the articles of faith, and church covenant (compiled by the pastor) were adopted, and nearly one hundred persons added to the church, the happy and successful pastorate of Mr. Rip. ley terminated in 1834. On the 30th of September, in the same year, occurred the installation of Rev. Thomas Curtis, from England. The sermon on that occasion was preached by Rev. Wil- liam Hague, of Boston. Dr. Curtis remained pastor about three years, during which time a very interesting revival was enjoyed and about seventy were added to the church. In the spring of 1 838 Rev. Adam Wilson was welcomed to another three-years pastorate — to be, after faithful pre- paratory work, an active participator in another of those heavenly refreshings never to be forgotten by those who shared its blessings, during which more than fifty were baptized and added to the church. In the autumn of 1841 commenced the pastorate of Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, from Hamilton, New York, dur- ing whose ministry, by the addition of goodly numbers, the church reached that interesting measure of strength and heroic purpose which constrained a colony of its enterprising sons and daughters to become the pioneers of the Second Baptist church in this city. Early in 1846 the continued ill health of Dr. Chaplin made it necessary for the reluctant church to accept his resignation. On the 27th of August, 1846, was another deeply in- teresting ordination and installation service in this house — when a sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Sears, of Newton ; a solemn prayer offered by Father Drinkwater; a hand of fellowship extended by Rev. Mr. Porter ; an address by Rev. Mr. Granger — and thus commenced the twelve interestmg years of ministry of Rev. Samuel L ■ Caldwell, D. D. The next evening after the organization, and more than ten years before the installation of a pastor, Royal Clark was unanimously chosen the first deacon, who so honored that office forty years, till his death. Ten years after the first election Anthony Woodard was chosen ; and at a meeting in Cram's Hall, by the laying on of hands was solemnly set apart to the office which, save for an intermission of about seven years, he held till 1868. Samuel Garnsey, in 1848, allowed himself to be pro- moted from the society to become a standard-bearer in the church. These veterans, esteemed for long and steady fidelity, for safe judgment, wisdom in council, and many years of watchful regard for Zion, have at length, in accordance with their own earnest wish, associated with them in office Arad Thompson, Alfred O. Stewart, and James M. Dickey. The others, who for limited periods have served as deacons, have been I. Chamberlain, R. Talpey, Z. Rog- ers, and F. Shepherd. This house, costing originally $10,000 and so much toil and sacrifice, has twice received thorough repairs ; the first in 1835, when the lofty galleries, from their ancient sacred height, were brought in the region of com- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 729 mon people below, and an organ, costing $1,000, was welcomed, which, after its excellent service of more than thirty years, has just been displaced by one costing less than $3,000. , Weary with climbing to the attic vestry— situated in one particular, as some perhaps thought, too far toward heaven for earthly worshippers, and after years of trial finding the basement vestry as much too low — in 1852 the praying ones were very happy to enter the new chapel, built and furnished by the cheerful contributions of more than $2,000. Four years later this house received its most complete and satisfactory refitting, when its entire interior was made anew, at an expense of about $5,300; at which time the most desirable arrangement was reached of having the pews all owned by the society — bringing to an end the perplexities about pew taxes and subscrip- tions—the money being since raised by those who only do themselves the kindness of secunng a seat. Professedly connected with it in the fellowship of the church, have been in all 767 members^not, of course, to remain together an unbroken family, but each in his place to stand as a soldier awaiting orders. Besides the colo- nies going out to North Bangor in 1842, and to the Sec- ond church in 1845, others have been continually pushing abroad from this spiritual home to distant cities and towns,in nearly all parts of the world. Thus far Mr. Small. He came into the pastorate Au- gust 19, 1858, upon the retirement of the Rev. Mi;. Caldwell. Most interesting anniversary services were observed January 25 and 26, 1868, at which were present ex-pastors Ripley, Wilson, Caldwell, and many other ven- erable children of the faith. Mr. Small's pastorate closed the same year, and he was succeeded in 1869 by the Rev. Francis T. Hazlewood, who is still (at the close of" 1881) acceptably serving the church. FIRST FREE BAPTIST CHURCH.* Under the labors of Rev. John Lamb, of Brunswick, Maine, a church was organized in Bangor, in the City Hall, January 23, 1836, with twelve members, eight of whom were males. Rev. Silas Curtis, then of Augusta, and still living, assisted in the organization. Jotham Parsons was chosen Deacon, and John I. D. Sanford Clerk. The church did not call a pastor, that not being usual with the denomination at that time, and within the year we find the names of Revs. J. W. Holman, Dexter Waterman, Samuel Hutchins, and Daniel Jackson as of- ficiating in its ordinances, while eighteen were added to its membership. In 1837 the church united with the Exeter Quarterly Meeting, at a session held in Charleston. In 1838 Ammi R. Bradbury, a member of the church, was ordained to the work of the ministry, and in 1839 another member, Moses M. Smart, was also ordained by the Quarterly Meeting, at Springfield. These brethren, with Revs. A. Bridges, C. S. Pratt, M. Shepherd, K. R. Davis, and A. Caverno, constitute the *By the kindness of the pastor, Rev. R. L. Howard. more efficient list of ministers for the remaining years of the church's existence, the labors of the two latter being especially fruitful in additions to its membership. Soon after its organization the church left the City Hall and worshiped in school-houses, using one on the corner of French and Cumberland streets for the most part, till May, 1841, when it returned to the City Hall for a season. Later in the year its public meetings were suspended for want of a place to hold them, but in April, 1842, the old Methodist meeting-house on Union street, near Pickering Square, was obtained, and there its wan- derings ceased. March i, 1843, the First and Second Bangor, the First and Second Hermon, with the Oldtown, Argyle, and Carmel churches, united in the formation of what is known as the Bangor Quarterly Meeting, which was or- ganized and held its first session with the First Bangor church. At this time and a Httle later, under the labors of Rev. A. Caverno, the church was more vigorous than at any other period in its existence, its membership reaching ninety-one. But not far from this time the Millerite excitement made discouraging havoc among its members, and some disaffection with the pastor arose in 1844, which resulted in his resignation and commencing to hold separate meetings. This led to serious trials, the calling of a council whose decisions were unsatisfactory, and the final hopeless division of the church and loss of its visi- bility, its record terminating abruptly March 29, 1845. But prior to this time eighteen members of the old church, who had been dismissed therefrom by letter, re- garding its condition as hopeless, united in calling a Council consisting of Revs. John N. Rines, Moses Shepherd, and Jabez Fletcher, and Deacon Josiah Howe, which assembled at the meeting-house on the 28th of January, 1845, and organized them into what was then called the Summer Street Free Will Baptist Church. Ira Chamberlain was chosen Deacon, and J. M. Lougee, Clerk. At the next regular meeting Hiram Skillin united by letter, and being ordained the 29th of May following, served the church for some time as its pastor. Within the year quite a number of the members of the defunct church united with this, and its growth was steady and vigorous. Rev. H. Skillin left in September, 1846, and after a few weeks' supply by Rev. John Lord, Rev. Phillip Weaver became its pastor in May, 1847, and in July fol- lowing the church united with the Unity Quarterly Meet- ing, with which it remained connected till June, 1879, when it withdrew and joined the Exeter Quarterly Meet- ing. The Bangor Quarterly Meeting subsequently be- came extinct. In 1849 Daniel Lary and Jefferson Higgins were chosen deacons. Upon date of August 31, 1849, we find this entry in the records: "The Asiatic cholera has made its appear- ance in this city." September 2 this appears: "On the Sabbath twenty-seven cases and seventeen deaths." On the 3d, "Brother George McClure fell a victim to this 73° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. fatal disease after a sickness of twelve hours," and on the 14th, "Brother Samuel Norton died of cholera, after a sickness of six hours." March 11, 1850, the name of the church was changed from "Summer Street" to "The Free Will Baptist Church of Bangor," and Edmund H. Fogg was chosen Clerk, a position which he held upwards of twenty years. About this time a very comfortable but unwisely lo- cated house of worship was built on the corner of York and Pine streets. In October, 1854, Rev. Mr. Weaver closed his labors with the church, leaving it in a some- what low and discouraged state, though his pastorate had been for the most part successful. No meetings were held during the winter following. But in April, 1855, Rev. M. H. Tarbox, a young brother full of zeal, who had recently graduated from the Bangor Theological Seminary and knew the condition and wants of the church better than any one else, de- termined to devote himself to its interests, being most heartily co-operated with by some of its members. As a first step it was determined to arise and build in a more mviting locality, and a suitable site was secured on Essex street, near State. Into this work Mr. Tarbox entered with great energy, and as a result we read in the records of December 20, 1856: "Had opening exercises in the vestry of our new house of worship, on Essex street, and it was a time of rejoicing and thanksgiving to God." This house was completed and dedicated to the wor- ship of God at a session of the Unity Quarterly Meeting held therein December 2, 1859, and is the present house of worship of the church, being in good repair and amply sufficient for years to come. Rev. Mr. Tarbox resigned in May, 1862, having labored faithfully and sacrificingly for a little more than seven years, and proved, under God, the most successful pastor the church ever had. The names of Revs. C. S. Perkins and J. Mariner follow as supplies till December, when the church settled Rev. J. S. Burgess, who remained till October, 1865, when he accepted a call to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Rev. E. G. Chaddock supplied to good acceptance till July, 1866, when Rev. W. G. M. Stone, of Wisconsin, was called to the pastorate. He remained, however, but a year, and then accepted a call to Providence, Rhode Island, to be succeeded by Rev. S. E. Root, for a year, when the supply system was again invoked, first in Rev. A. P. Tracy, who did good work as long as he was able to remain, being in school; and then in one Thomas Cooper, a student in the Seminary, recently from Eng- land, and not a member of the denomination. This proved to be the most dark and trying period in the his- tory of the church, which it came near concluding. But in the summer of 1869 Rev. S. D. Church, a very devoted and able minister, was settled over the church, and it slowly began again to rise. The spring of 187 1 witnessed some revival interest and the addition of sev- eral members. Mr. Church remained till the spring of 1872, giving nearly three years of arduous labor to the pastorate, and was followed by another noble worker, Arthur Given, who was ordained over the church at its request, by the Unity Quarterly Meeting, December 6, 1872, and re- mained till February, 1875. In April of. this year S. C. Whitcomb, a young brother who had found the life that is in Christ in this church and had completed a full course in the Bangor Theologi- cal Seminary, was dismissed from the church with its benediction to enter upon the work of the gospel minis- try in other fields, he having been called to the pastorate of the Dover and Foxcroft Free Baptist Church. About the same time Rev. James Boyd began his labors with the church, which were continued three and one-half years, closing in the autumn of 1878. February, 1879, R^v. R. L. Howard, the present pas- tor, received a call from the church, and was settled over it. Its present outlook is encouraging and vigorous; Its stated meetings of worship are well attended, and its Sab- bath school flourishing. It has one member now in the Theological Seminary, in the middle year, who is a licen- tiate and preaching with gpod acceptance — George N. Howard, son of the pastor. Among the many workers of the church, ■ who have contributed largely to its permanence and success, the name of Deacon H. Fogg should be mentioned, who be- came connected with it early in 1845, and as Clerk, Dea- con, and Sunday-school Superintendent, in person and purse, served it untiringly, till called from labors to re- wards in August, 1877. The whole city, as well as the church, mourned his departure, and his memory is blessed. The present officers of the church are F. 0. Buzzell and H. J. Preble, deacons; H. J. Preble, Clerk; A. P. Chick, Sunday-school Superintendent, and O. S. Sands, Assistant Superintendent. Its present resident member- ship is one hundred, and non-resident sixty. ST. JOHN'S (ROMAN CATHOLIC) PARISH.* Some Catholic families settled in the town of Bangor at a very early period in its history. It is certain that as early as 18 10 there were Catholics living in the town. In 1825 the Bishop of Boston, the Right Reverend Bishop Fenwick, visited the place and gave some of those beau- tiful exhortations which those who heard them never for- got. The Catholics of the town were visited from time to time by the priests of Oldtown, among others Rev. Virgil Barbour, a convert from the Protestant ministry to the Catholic Church. In December, 1828, James Conway celebrated the first mass in the town, for a small congre- gation, in the house of James Carr, on Court street, now the residence of Gorham L. Boynton. The following year a dwelling on Broad street was used temporarily as a place of worship. The same year a lot for a school was purchased on Court street. In 1832 Rev. Patrick McNamee was permanently placed in charge. Rev. Michael Lynch succeeded him in 1836, and in the summer of the same year he com- menced the erection of St. Michael's church on Court street, which was dedicated the following winter. Rev. Father Lynch was succeeded by Rev. T. O'SuUi- * These notes are courteously contributed by the Rev. Father Edward McSweeney, pastor of the church. O >^. w <: o K . w ■I— < > X GO « < o w o > o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 731 van, who took charge of the parish in December, 1839. He remained in charge for fourteen years. During his pastorate the number of the Catholic population in- creased so considerably that an enlargement of the church was necessary. In 1853 Rev. John Bapst, S. J., was placed in charge of all the missions east of the Penobscot, with Bangor as his residence. Besides Bangor, he attended Winterport, Rockland, Thomaston, Ellsworth, Machias, Eastport, and other Catholic settlements of Eastern Maine. At this period Bangor had a Catholic population of six thousand, more than one-third of the whole population. A larger church was necessary. A lot on Broadway was pur- chased. It is an index of the bigotry of the time on the part of some that so much opposition was manifested to the erection of the church on this lot that the site was changed. In 1855 was laid the corner-stone of St. John's Church. It is a model of beautiful architecture, and even to-day is justly regarded as one of the finest churches in the Eastern States. Approachmg the city from the Penobscot River, you see this noble edifice in its massive proportions, conspicuous beyond all other buildings of the city. Rev. Father Bapst's ministry was attended with marked success. Regarded as a martyr for his Catholic princi- ples from his ill-treatment at the hands of the people of Ellsworth, he held the esteem and love of his people. Associated with him in this wide field of labor were some of the most eminent members of the present Fathers. Among others should be remembered Rev. James C. Moore, S. J., Rev. Eugene Vetromile, S. J., and A. F. Crampi, S. J., afterwards President of Holy Cross Col- lege, Worcester, Massachusetts. The administration of Rev. John Bapst closed in September, 1859. Rev. Henry Gillen succeeded him. Rev. Father Gillen established schools for girls. In 1865 he erected the convent on Newbury street and in- troduced the Sisters of Mercy. After Rev. Father Gillen Rev. James Murphy was in charge for a short time. Rev. Eugene Vetromile next succeeded. In 1869 Rev. Clement Mutsaers was appointed pastor. During Rev. Father Mutsaers' pastorate the parish was divided, and the new parish was called St. Mary's. In May, 1874, Rev. Edward McSweeney was placed in charge of the parish, who continues to discharged the duties of the position. In the years of the panic Ban- gor suffered severely in its business and trade. When the prospect seemed the gloomiest for the city the pastor of St. John's purchased the beautiful Schwartz estate, situated on State street, and established the present Academy. It is one of the most conspicuous sites in the city, and well located for an institution of learning. A large and flourishing school is now the reward of what was regarded by some as a rather hazardous undertak- ing. It must be said of the Catholic people that they have been generous in supporting religious and educational in- stitutions. In early days they underwent much petty persecution, but they have manfully adhered to the teachings of their religion. As to the virtues that adorn a well-regulated city, they will compare favorably with the people of other communities. At various times benevolent and temperance societies have been organized and have done much good among the people. The present pastor. Rev. Edward McSweeney, has com- menced the erection of a new parochial residence which will be an ornament to the place. ST. Mary's (roman catholic) parish.* Prior to the spring of 1872 the only parish and Cath- olic church in Bangor was St. John's, on York street — (preceded by St. Michael's, on Court street.) In May of that year St. Mary's was set off from St. John's, with Rev. J. W. Murphy as new pastor. His first task was to provide a place of worship, and he engaged the City Hall, where services were held every Sunday for (length of time I do not know) more than a year, till the basement of the new church was finished and furnished with seats and temporary altar. Before the project of forming a new parish was proclaimed, a lot on Cedar street had been purchased by Rev. Clement Mutsaers, then pastor of St. John's — at a cost of $2,000. The ground had been used hitherto for a gravel pit. Subsequently two lots more were purchased east of the site of the church at about the same price ($2,000 for both). The corner-stone of St. Mary's was laid by Rt. Rev. D. W. Bacon, Bishop of Port- land, in September, 1872. During these ceremonies a startling accident occurred, in the breaking down of the olatform, upon which were many people. It fell but a short distance, however, and nobody was seriously hurt. The church was dedicated on the 8th of December, 1874. Bishop Lynch, of Charleston, South CaroUna, preached the sermon on the occasion. The church was built when building materials and labor were extremely costly, and cost in all, grounds included, about $65,000. Its present debt is $20,000. Rev. J. W. Murphy was transferred, in June, 1880, to the rectorship of the Cathedral in Portland, and was succeeded in St. Mary's by Rev. M. C. O'Brien, the present pastor. The territory or district embraced in the parish is Bangor west of the Kenduskeag, Hampden, East Hampden, Hermon, and Carmel — in each of which towns (especially Hampden and Carmel) there are some Catholic families, attended from St. Mary's. . . The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent society is composed of Catholic men of both parishes. St. Mary's Temper- ance society has not met for a year, though it had a numerous society in 1876. Nevertheless it can not be said that intemperance has increased; a much larger number than were ever organized into a society being pledged by the priest, privately or in presence of others, to total abstinence. THE CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.* The tourist in Maine will find much to attract him in the little city of Bangor, on the Penobscot, which in its more prosperous days gloried in the proud title of the "Queen City of the East." In a pleasant, secluded ♦From the memoranda of Rev. Father O'Brien, pastor. *By ofle of the Sisters. n^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. spot on the river bank, almost hidden by trees, stands the original convent of St. Xavier's, a fine, commodious brick building, now used as the parochial school-house. In 1865 the Sisters of Mercy were introduced by Rev. H. Gillen, for the purpose of conducting the education of girls. The schools, which were opened immediately after their arrival, were filled to overflowing; an academy, attached to the convent, numbering 120 pupils, and the parochial schools averaging an attendance of three hun- dred. The evening school, for the benefit of adults, was also largely attended. To counteract the effects of profane literature on the minds of the young, a circula- ting library was commenced, and continues to be highly appreciated. Silently, but surely, it has done its work of instilling principles of truth and virtue into souls who would otherwise have drunk in the poisonous draught of immoral reading. In 1879 the Sisters removed to their beautiful and spacious convent on State street (purchased by Rev. Edward McSweeney), which affords superior advantages for a boarding-school and day academy. The loca- tion is unsurpassed for health and beauty, and offers every inducement for out-door exercise, so necessary for the physical welfare of pupils. A mild, but firm govern- ment is maintained, based upon those Christian princi- ples which are the source of all true refinement, and which alone insure the happiness of the pupil in after life. Pupils of all religious denominations are equally received, and all interference with their religious convic- tions scrupulously avoided. FIRST (pine street) METHODIST EPISCOPAL. This is the pioneer Methodist society in Bangor. There had been preaching by missionaries and visiting brethren of this faith and order at intervals here for nearly thirty years— at least ever since the sermons of Rev. Timothy Merritt in Bangor in 1799. Bangor was subsequently a charge or mission station in the Hampden Circuit; but not until the Bangor Circuit was formed in 1827, was the present Pine Street Society organized. Its original church, however, was built on Summer street; but in 1837 this primitive edifice was abandoned for the brick structure still occupied, with extensions and modi- fications in the course of the years, on Pine street, at the corner of Somerset. The roll of pastors of this church, under the itinerant system, has been a long one, and is honorable as it is long. Ten years after going to Pine street, the society suffered the loss of its members con- nected with the Summer Street Mission, who then formed a new church. ^ Rev. N. G. Axtell is now (1881) Pastor. UNION STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL. This is the society that was an offshoot, as just before noted, of the Pine Street church. It was organized in 1847, and was originally known as the Summer Street church, having grown out of a mission of the parent church on that street, which had become known as the Summer Street Mission Society, holding preaching ser- vices in the old Methodist church there. While occupy- ing on Summer street the Rev. Messrs. H. M. Blake, John Atwell, C. D. Pillsbury, H. C. Tilton, and C. H. A. Johnson successively served the church. In 1854 Summer street was abandoned for the present location at the corner of Union and Clinton streets, where a neat frame building was put up, partly under the pastorate of Rev. J. C. Prince. It was dedicated November 15, 1855, with sermon by the Rev. William F. Farrington. The entire cost of the edifice was $15,000, the ladies of the church furnishing the organ. A portion of its roll of pastors since is constituted of the Revs. J. P. French, William T. Jewell, William F. Farrington, B. F. Teffi, D. D., Benjamin Foster, T. B. Tupper, B. S. Arey, B. A. Chase, W. W. Marsh, Cyrus Stone, and G. N. Eld- ridge, the present pastor (1881). UNIVERSALIST. This society in Bangor was organized about 1841, and so has lived through a generation. In 1844 a church building was erected for it, upon the same site, on Park street, near Centre, now occupied by the church. This building was used for more than eighteen- years, or until the present edifice, begun in i860, was completed and ready for occupation. It was dedicated in Decem- ber, 1862. The first pastor of this church was the Rev. D. J. Mandell, who came to it in 1838 and served it about one year. Rev. L. L. Saddler was the next pastor, begin- ning in January, 1840, and continuing about two years. For about the same period the society was without a pastor, when the Rev. H. R. Nye was settled, and re- mained until June, 1850. The pastors since have been Rev. Amory Battles, January 185 1 to March 1872 — by far the largest pastorate the church has had; Rev. S. Goodenough, November 1872; and Rev. W. H. Jewell, the pastor now in charge. OTHER CHURCHES. The early history of St. John's Episcopal church is given in several places in the later chapters of Judge Godfrey's Annals, and the origin of the Second Baptist is noticed above in this chapter. No additional informa- tion has been afforded in answer to our inquiries. The remaining religious societies of the place are the Christian and the Advent Christian churches. We re- gret that we have been unable to obtain any historical data whatever concerning them. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTV, MAINE. 733 CHAPTER XXXIII. THE PUBLIC CHARITIES OF BANGOR. The Female Orphan Asylum — Its Establishment in 1839 — First Officers — The Original Society — Change to the Children's Home — Growth and Success of the Home — Its Plans and Policy — Who are the In- mates — Health of the Children — Sources of Income — Laying of the Comer Stone — Address of Rev. George W. Field — Subsequent His- tory of the Home — The Home for Aged Women— Preliminary Steps for its Organization — The Appeal — List of Donors — Charter — The Home Opened — Subsequent History — Officers — Inmates. The charitable institutions of this city, although not numerous, are of very excellent character, and eminently creditable to the intelligence and practical philanthropy of its people. Some historical facts concerning the City Farm or Almshouse — enough for the purposes of this work — are embraced in the preceding chapters. The oldest of the other charities is the Bangor Female Orphan Asylum, now THE children's HOME. The establishment of this asylum by act of Legisla- ture occurred in March, 1839. The corporation was made up of ladies who arranged for its support by each one pledging to it the sum of one dollar yearly. A consti- tution was adopted and laws framed, after which a Board of Managers, numbering fifteen ladies, were chosen, whose duty it should be to care for the institution and for- ward all plans for its growth as rapidly as their means would allow. The first officers chosen were : Mrs. William D. Wil- liamson, President; Mrs. Judge Preston, Vice-President; Mrs. Frederick Hobbs, Secretary, and Miss Caroline -Webster, Treasurer. The Managers were: Mrs. William B. Reed, Mrs. Samuel Farrar, Mrs. Nicholas G. Norcross, Mrs. Charles K. Miller, Mrs. Benjamin Plumraer, Jr., Mrs. Amos Davis, Mrs. C. J. W. Haynes, Mrs. George W. Merrill, Mrs. E. B. Lincoln, Mrs. P. H. Coombs, Mrs. E. P. Baldwin, and Mrs. John Bradbury. This society had its beginning four years before in a sewing circle which was called "The Union Female Edu- cation Society." Its object, as given by its Correspond- ing Secretary, Mrs. Benjamin Plummer, in a letter to Richard H. Vose, of Augusta, Maine, was "the elevation and amelioration of the condition of destitute and de- graded women in the city and vicinity." The same letter states that they were hoping for a time when they should have sufficient funds to found a charitable institution which should have for its object the education of the poor and ignorant and the reclaiming of fallen ones. There is a record first of a concert being given with this end in view, and Mrs. Lemon is mentioned as having sung "The Star of Bethlehem " with great feeling. Fol- lowing this, a lecture was given by Mr. Asa Walker, more recently of California, In March, 1836, a fair which realized $1,200 was held at the Bangor House. This amount was placed at interest for the above-mentioned purpose. After the lapse of a few months, for various reasons, the object of the original association became somewhat modified, and instead of a place of reform for adults, it was thought best to turn attention to the care of female children. In time destitute children of both sexes were admitted, and the Orphan Asylum became the Children's Home From the Secretary's Report, dated August 30, i868, and signed by Emma J. L. Duren, we glean the following statements : Thirty years having passed away, are the names of Mrs. Hobbs, Mrs. Bradbury, and Mrs. Merrill, still on the list of Managers, and many of the original members of the organization still actively engaged in its support. By the unremitting industry of the various members of the society, and the willing contributions of not a few of the citizens of Bangor, a sufficient sum was gathered together to purchase the house on Fourth street in which the family have since remained. The primary object being the instruction and support of destitute female children, its care was principally de- voted to orphans. During 1839^ the first year, there were nine such children in the family, under the care of Miss Lawrence, afterwards Mrs. Moses Wingate. Miss Fol- som succeeded Miss Lawrence, and not only filled the position of Matron, but taught the children as well, for the four and a half years that she remained, in a most faithful and efficient manner, thus meriting and securing the commendations of the society for her unselfish devo- tion to her duties. This lady afterward left her charge to marry Deacon Skinner, of Brewer, and Mrs. Quimby had cjiarge for six months. In the year 1844 Mrs. Nor- ton entered the place and was Matron for four years, and since her time the names of Miss Cutter, Miss Newcomb, Miss Quinn, Miss Stewart, Miss Nason, Mrs. Wing, Mrs. Kelton, Mrs. Smith, Miss Wasgatt, and Miss Webber are recorded as filling the position for longer or shorter spaces of time. Of these Matrons, Mrs. Wing was at the post for the longest period, and was proverbial for her great neatness and industry. Two were married in the Asylum, the Managers giving each a little parting at- tention in the shape of a wedding. Miss Cutter became the wife of Mr. Isaiah Cobden, and afterward a resident of Greene, this State. Miss Nason married Mr. Dil- lingham and removed to Hampden. Mrs. Wing became a resident of Newport, Maine. Previous to 1863 the size of the family had remained not far from its original, but it now became much in- creased and it was necessary to employ an assistant. While Miss L. J. Wasgatt and her sister had the care of the family, during 1865 and 1866^ there were from twen- ty to twenty-seven children, which number continued up to 1868, the time of this report. During the stay of these sisters, the Misses Wasgatt, nothing was omitted in their efforts to bring the institution up to a high standard in morals and manners ; but there was not enough help to give the establishment proper care, and, smce that date, under Miss L. E. Webber as Matron, a cook and nursery girl have been in constant employ, and at a more recent date a seamstress has been found necessary. These aids, not exclusively devoted to their departments, are all under the direction of the Matron, and, with the assistance of the older children, carry on the household work, which was found to be extremely difficult fomerly, because of the wretched condition of the house. ?34 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Since the establishment of the Home, the object of the institution has been ever kept in view, and one hun- dred and eighty-one children have here found protection and loving care, for longer or shorter periods of time. First, there have been those wholly or in part orphans, who have been given to the Asylum. These, being en- tirely under the control of the Managers, have almost invariably been adopted into families, and every possible pains has been taken to secure for them the best of homes. The practice of binding them out for service was long ago given up, and recently there have been more applications for children for actual adoption than the institution can supply. Not a few of them have been restored, in time, to parents or relatives, when it was well ascertained that they had become able to undertake again their care and support. A second class of children coming under the direction of the Managers of the Asylum are such as have parents who cannot or will not care for them, or who have so ill- treated them as to render their escape from them a ne- cessity. To the last-named the Home has indeed been a haven of refuge. Eleven children of soldiers have been included in the family at difTerent times, most of them orphaned durmg the late war. For them aid has been received from the Sanitary Fund for Soldiers' Orphans, through the aid of Mr. G. K. Jewett, and also State aid from a fund of which Mr. D. Brastow, of Brewer, is one of the trustees. Now and then we have had children boarding in the establishment. In such case the mother, by being re- lieved of the care of the child, finds it possible to do nearly all that is necessary for its support. It is thought best to encourage the parent, under such circumstances, in her efforts to retain the guardianship of her off-spring. A third class — and perhaps concerning these have come up the most perplexing questions — is made up of little girls whose board has long since ceased, and whose parents refuse to sign the papers of adoption that shaU forever give them into the hands of the society. The question is constantly before us. Shall these parents con- tinue to impose the care of their children upon us and yet refuse to give us full power for the guidance and dis- posal of the children, that can come alone by our be- coming the legal guardians of the same ? On the other hand, can we dismiss these helpless beings from this tem- porary home, if nothing more, with the certainty before us that only wretchedness and vice can be their lot ? This has many times been a puzzling problem. It has, however, been the unanimous policy of those in charge to keep the children under moral and religious influences as long as was in their power, thus hoping to form a habit of life and a preference for the pure and good that might in after times aid them when under temptation. And it has been a subject of the deepest gratitude that, so far as the subsequent lives of the inmates can be ascertained, they have not disappointed the hopes and expectations entertained for them. Some have yielded — almost nec- essarily, we might say — to hereditary tendencies, but many are leading useful and honorable lives. The officers of the institution have always tried to feed the children with plain but wholesome diet, to clothe them neatly, with regard to health and comfort, and to train them up to become helpful and self-governing. They were, at first, taught at the Home, but subsequently were sent to the city schools. The Hammond Street church and Sunday-school is the one they have most fre- quently attended, although the institution is in no way a denominational affair. All the religious societies, in fact, do their part in its support. Concerning the health of the children the Secretary says: The health of the family has been truly remarkable. For ten years not a death occurred, and the first was that of a child during the preva- lence of the cholera, who was admitted sick and, as it proved, already stricken with that fatal disease. Several other deaths occurred during the sickly season which followed ; and now, since i860, has been a period of uninterrupted health. Eight little bodies lie in a pleasant lot at Mount Hope ; the row of simple headstones, each bearing a dif- ferent family name, often attracting attention, while a beautiful marble scroll lately erected in the center of the lot tells the touching story of "The Children's Home." This is the most precious property of the Asylum, and was earnestly longed and labored for by one of the man- agers. From the annual report of 1864, we quote the following paragraph in relation to the lot : The past summer the Mount Hope corporation very generously gave us a burial spot near the soldiers' lot. It has been graded, eight bodies removed, and stones set in granite erected. These expenses have been paid by different gentlemen of the city. This has been accomphshed through the influence of one of the managers, Mrs. George W. Merrill, who has performed all the labor of collecting and attending to other business relating to it. For the constant support of the inmates, the most un- tiring energy and indomitable zeal have been brought into requisition. The most reliable source of income has been the yearly tax of $1.00 upon each member of the society. But this has seldom exceeded $300 a year, and of late the expenses have been not less than $1,500- Sometimes they have reached nearly to $2,000. After the Asylum had become established, one of the Board of Managers, Mrs. Jeremiah Curtis, collected $1,000, which was afterward increased to $1,150, and placed the amount at interest. Of course the interest was meagre, but even so small a sum, coming in regularly, was better than being dependent entirely on charity. From time to time the so- ciety has given concerts and tableaux, and there have been held fairs, festivals, etc., which have always been enough to cancel all immediate demands. A book, "Voices From the Kenduskeag," was published at one time in its interest, and life-memberships have been solicited, church collections taken up, and every possible method adopted by which there was any hope of gathering in funds or sup- plies for the children. And they have never suffered, though there have been times when every way had been employed, and finally, from some unexpected source, came the much needed supply. Upon Mrs. Curtis re- moving to New York she still remembered the Asylum, and a gift of $100 has been received from her hand. The property of the corporation consists of the house and lot on Fourth street ; the lot at Mount Hope cem- etery ; the fund already mentioned, which, invested in United States bonds, has yielded about $90 yearly for the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 735 current expenses; and a very fine Wheeler & Wilson sew- ing machine, given by Mr. George Stetson, the only article possessing much value in the house. Of the active and efficient friends of the institution, several have been removed by death. In 1841, Mrs. Amos Davis; in 1862, Mrs. S. F. Hersey, and in 1865, Mrs. John S. Kimball. The husbands of these ladies have always evinced a strong interest in its welfare, and have contributed nobly to its support. In the year 1861 the time of the annual meeting was permanently changed from May to the first Tuesday in January. Affixed to the Secretary's report we read the names of forty-five life members, beginning with two in 1839, and adding nineteen during 1868. (This number has since been increased to more than 250.) The ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the new Childrens' Home took place on Wednesday afternoon ot the 2d of September, 1868. At the laying of the corner- stone a large assembly of people were present, and every- thing passed off as planned, in a most enjoyable and suitable way. The Knights Templars, to the number of forty-five, preceded by the Bangor Cornet Band, escorted the Blue Lodges of Masons to the location of the build- ing, on Thomas's Hill. On the ground a platform had been erected, upon which were seated- the Matron and children of the Asylum, assistants, Board of Directors, speakers, etc. The exercises consisted of introductory remarks from General S. F. Hersey, president of the day; prayer by the Rev. Amory Battles; historical sketch of the institution by the Secretary, Mrs. E. L. Duren, read by Rev. S. P. Fay; a hymn, "The Children's Greeting," written by Mrs. S. B. Littlefield, and sung by the chil- dren; reading of the contents of the box deposited under the corner-stone; music by the band; laying the corner- stone by the Free Masons, under the direction of D. G. M. Samuel Bradford; music again by the band; singing by the choir of the Hammond Street church; address by Rev. George W. Field; remarks of Mr. C. P. Roberts, Superintendent of Public Schools, and the benediction by Rev. Dr. Pond. From the very excellent address of Rev. George W. Field we quote, here and there, a few of his choice ex- pressions : The munificence of the noble woman and her husband who gave the first impulse to this movement, and the promptness with which the pub- lic responded to their generous proposition, and even went beyond it, may be taken as evidence that our people can be as large-hearted, and I- trust always mean to be as large-hearted, in their public works, as . they have the credit of being free and even extravagant in their private expenditures. The compUment which an ancient writer conferred upon Rome, that its pubUc buildings, its temples,%and its palaces were spacious and magnificent beyond compare, while the private residences were cheap and unadorned, is a compliment which I should not care to have applied, in both of its parts, to our city, or to any other city in which I was interested. . . . And now the first purely • charitable edifice of our city is about to be built in a style of which we shall have no occasion to be ashamed , and which shall serve as a hint to all succeeding hospitals and asylums of our city, that because they are charitable institutions they need not therefore be contracted or un- tasteful in their conditions. It is an excellent thing to have made a good beginning, to have established a good precedent. And we trust that this Children's Home, rising in goodly proportions on this conspic- uous site, may be a proof to all coming generations that the citizens of Bangor propose to carry the same large and open-handed spirit which has been characteristic of them in other relations, into their benevolence also. And for this we are glad. . . . ' It is well that you should call upon the ministers of Christ to utter the name of their Mas- ter over this corner-stone, and to invoke his blessing upon the work here begun. This structure would not have been but for Him. .Such things never were before the time of Christ, and they are to be found now only where his religion has gone. In all ancient Greece and Italy, refined, polished, cultured as they were, in some classes beyond anything which modern society can rival, yet we cannot find traces of one single alms- house, or hospital, or asylum, or refuge of any sort for the suffering poor of either sex or any aga. Not one chiseled stone can be found on all those classical plains which speaks of an effort to relieve the suffer- ings and elevate the condition of the humble classes. Splendid ruins can be found, indeed, on every hand, which the beholder never wearies of gazing upon, but none of them the ruins of buildings which were con. secrated to any benevolent purpose. . . . It is a curious fact that in the city of Ephesus, where John wrote that sublime defini- tion, "God is Love," was founded the first hospital of which we have any knowledge. An active benevolence was made the corner-stone of the new faith, and gradually developed itself into the numberless chagties of Christendom. ' . , . Upon no class did Christ expend such sympathy and affection as upon the little ones. And so much did he honor the condition of childhood that he said: "Except ye become as little children, ye can in no wise enter into the kingdom of Heaven," — that is, unless you unlearn your selfishness, your hard ambition, your earthly cunning, your envious rivalries and competition, and become loving and kind, simple and sincere as little children, who have no art and no selfishness, you cannot pass the thresh- old of thespritual life. ... I have been requested to express the' grateful sentiment of this community towards the several parties whose labors and charities have been instrumental in bringing about the result of this day. ... In this circle of benevo- lent'ladies we would especially designate as worthy of honor at this timei, lier whose name, Mrs. Joseph Kendall, has already been read in your hearing !as the one who laid the foundation of this Orphan Asylum in the Sewing Circle, which she originated for the benefit of the poor in the very infancy of 'the city, andwhicfi her tact and perseverance gadu- ally converted into a Society for the rdief of orphans. Kot least among' the benefactors of- the Asylum, it seems to me, is he wl\p has bestowed upon it the beautiful lot where the building is about to be erected. . . . Thanks to Mr. James Smith, Jr. , for his most desirable donation. But most of all do we owe honor and gratitude to the memory of her whose dying benevolence lies at the foundation of this whole monument. . . . We would pay also our tribute of sincere respect and gratitude to the husband of the deceased, her fitting companion and helper in all her plans of benefi- cence, and especially in the liberality which has brought about the re- sult which to-day we celebrate. . . . It is stated on the plate deposited under the corner-stone that this building is erected from funds placed by Mrs. Sarah Pitcher, daughter of Leonard and Martha L. March, in the hands of her husband, F. W. Pitcher, for religious and benevolent purposes. . . . Our prayer is that the number of such instances may be multiplied, and that the time may come when wealthy families, instead of being gratified by it, will find themselves dishonored to have their members die without leaving something gen- erous for "religious and benevolent purposes." One word more. It is not to be supposed that the deceased or her family would have bestowed so large a sum on this institution if it had not been for the expectation that the citizens of Bangor would put forth corresponding exertions to make the institution what it ought to be — a model institution. In ac- cepting the donation we tacitly pledge ourselves to this — we virtually promise that their expectations shall not be disappointed through any indifference or neglect of ours. , . . And if any motive still more tender were needed, you might find it in the thought that the dear God accepts what is done in a right spirit for these little ones as a personal favor, and will say at last, ' ' Inasmuch as ye did it unto them, ye did it unto me." The new building was completed and occupied in Oc- tober, 1869. The next calendar year was begun with thirty-three inmates — twenty-seven girls, six boys. Twen- ty-seven more entered during the year; but the number of the household was maintained nearly uniform by the discharge of twenty-six. Twenty of the inmates were soldiers' orphans. The prevalence of this element at 736 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the Home during the years after the war brought it pres- ently, and very hopefully, under the paternal eye of the Commonwealth. In his message to the Legislature in July, 1874, Governor Dingley said: "The Bangor Chil- dren's Home is eminently deserving of the contributions of a generous people; and, so far as it cares for indigent orphans of soldiers, it should receive aid from the State." The year before it had an appropriation from the State Treasury of $i,oooj in 1874, 1875, and 1876 the grant was $2,000; the next year it fell to the former sum; and in 1880 it was but $750. The Home has been the object of numerous other benefactions; among them, in 1874, $500 were received from the estate of the Hon. Henry E. Prentiss; in 1876 $1,000 under the will of the late Samuel Larrabee; $1,000 from General Samuel F. Hersey, besides a considerable sum to be paid under his will 'in future; and in 1880 $1,000 from the estate of Mrs. March. Many collections have been taken and entertainments given for its benefit during the years of its history; and there is a constant inflow of vegetables and other contributions in kind for its support. Several lots for burial purposes have been given by the Board of the Mt. Hope Cemetery corporation. At the last report, January 4, 1881, the Home had permanent funds as follow : Loan to the city of Bangor, $40,000; Bangor city bond, $1,000; Maine Central Railroad bond, $1,000; notes, $300; making a total of $42,300. The interest on the invested fund had realized $2,400 the previous year to the Home. Fifty-four children had been cared for in the Home during 1880, sixteen of them soldiers' children; fourteen had been received during the year, and as many returned to parents or placed in situations; so that the number, forty, in the institution January i, 1880, was precisely duplicated at the end of the year. From the organiza- tion of the Home to January i, 1878, 373 children were cared for therein. Mrs. Walter Brown was then President of the Home; Mrs. H. G. Pitcher, Vice-president; Miss Kate B. Walker, Treasurer; Miss Mary L. Patten, Secretary; Miss Julia A. Sibley, Matron. A school for the children was started in the Home on the isth of July, 1870, by Miss Longfellow, from the Lancaster Industrial school, and has since been quite steadily maintained, under various teachers. The fore- noon is devoted to the common branches of study, and the afternoon to sewing, repairing garments, and sundry household duties. Steam for warming the building was introduced in 1875, and the Holly water service the next year. HOME FOR AGED WOMEN.* A paper, of which the following is a copy, was circu- lated in this city September 30, 1869, and was signed by forty-six ladies and fourteen gentlemen : The occasion of this Centennial Anniversary of Bangor's history is, in all respects, the fitting time to inaugurate measures for relieving the infirmities of age; and to this end the undersigned, with their asso- ciates, agree to organize a society in this city, and its object shall be to care for and relieve the wants, alleviate suffering, and make provision ♦Compiled from an historical sketch of the institution, accompanying ts first pamphlet report, published in 1881. for the comfort of destitute aged women, and further agree to be gov- erned by such rules and regulations as may be hereafter adopted. The subject continued to be agitated and to ripen in the public mind until the winter of 1872, when a pub- lished call for a meeting of those interested was made. It was held February i, 1872, when it was resolved that the time had come to establish such an institution, and that measures should be taken to secure it. The organ- ization was completed at another meeting, held in the City Hall March 4 next following. The following appeal was published soon after : The ladies who have in view the founding of a Home for Aged Wo- men in our city, would now bring the subject before you, asking you patiently to hear and weigh the facts in the case. This is no sudden enterprise, but one which has been long desired by many, and which has been delayed until now only by the fear that the time was hardly ripe for its accomplishment. We have now de- cided to wait no longer. We reflect that time is short, and that what each of us does to lighten the burden of human woe, must be done quickly. We remember that while we, timid and irresolute, hesitate to take the first step, some helpless ones, whom this charity is designed to bless, are suffering; and we feel that timidity and irresolution must now be laid aside. There are aged women in Bangor left without natural protectors and, in many cases, without resources. They have filled their places and acted well their part in the scenes of active life in times long past; but the lapse of years has despoiled them of their vigor, death has robbed them of their friends, and the rushing, hiu-rying world' has left them behind. There remains to them only the memory of happier days, the ever-increasing infirmities of advanced life, and, saddest of all, a constant, wearing anxiety for the future, only made endurable by their trust in God. From such anxious, saddened hearts, the prayer is ascending: "Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength faileth. Now also, when I am old and gray-headed, O God, forsake me not." We believe that God answers these prayers, in part, at least, by put- ting into the hearts of His children to plan and work for these help- less ones, and that the labor to which we pledge ourselves, and the charities which flow through this channel, are but the carrying out of His wise and beneficent purposes. It has been well said that he is a benefactor of his fellow-men who makes two blades of grass grow where only one had grown. How much more is he a benefactor who roots out from human hearts the poisonous weeds of foreboding and despondency, and makes to flourish and blossom in their place the sweet plants of hope and cheerfulness ! In this noble work we ask you to take part. It is a fact, proved beyond doubt, that generous action opens and en- larges the heart, and prepares it for still greater generosity. The ques- tion arises, " Is it necessary to go through a long, hard struggle before this Home can be placed on a sure basis?" We think not. If indi- viduals of means will feel an interest in the undertaking, and im- mediately and generously aid us, we can soon have our Home for Aged Women — a quiet haven, where they can enjoy the comforts of life, freedom from corroding care and anxiety, the companionship of each other, and where we can go and be to their lonely hearts, so far as possible, sisters and daughters. And while we urge large giving on the part of men of means, we would have no man, woman, or child withhold a contribution because' it must be small. Happily, the requirement is that a man give "ac- cording to that he hath, and not according to that he hath not." Dear friends, our plea is before you, and in a few days we shall visit you individually, to receive what you see fit to bestow. We come to you, not with dread, lest we should be looked upon as unwelcome and disagreeable intruders, to whom a pittance must be given in order to be free from their presence, but we come cheerfully, hopefully, feeling sure that you will meet us in the same spirit in which we come, and that you will give us your cordial sympathy and co-operation. Mrs. James McLaughlin, Mrs. Samuel F. Hersey, Mrs. George W. Pickering, Mrs. J. B. Foster, Mrs. Walter Brown, Mrs. Isaac S. Whitman. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 737 The institution was incorporated at the Legislative session of 1872, with the following charter: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Legislature assembled^ as follows; Section i. J. S. Wheelwright, Walter Brown, G. W. Merrill, A. W. Paine, I. S. Whitman, I. R. Clark, S. P. Strickland, Sarah Q. Brown, Almira McLaughlin, Sophia A. Whitman, Patience C. Plum- mer, Margaret B. Helton, Ruth W. Strickland, Mary L. Patten, Adri- anna M. V. Merrill, Nancy Wyman, Mary Pickering, Eliza A. Staples, Mary Phillips, Fanny W. Ingalls, Eliza H. Fifield, and their associates and successors, are hereby incorporated by the name of the Home for Aged Women, for the purpose of providing a home for aged women at Section 2/ The said corporation may take by purchase, devise, or otherwise, any real or personal property, ajid hold the same for the pur- poses aforesaid, to any amount not exceeding one himdred thousand dollars, exempt from taxation, and may manage and dispose of the same according to their discretion. Section 3. Said corporation shall have power to prescribe the terms of admission for members, may elect such officers as they may deem necessary, and adopt such by-laws as shall be necessary or expe- dient for the management of its affairs, not repugnant to the constitu- tion or laws of this State or of the United States. Section 4. The four corporators first above named are authorized to call the first meeting of the corporation, at such place within the City of Bangor as they may choose, giving seven days' notice at least of said meeting, by publication in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier. Section s- This act shall take effect when approved. Appoved February i6, 1872. The next year the corporation voted to raise the sum of$25,ooo, to be deposited with the city of Bangor as a perpetual trust fund, interest payable semi-annually, m order to secure the permanency of the institution. This sum was subsequently obtained and paid, and the City Council by a resolve passed in 1875, voted to receive the same into the city treasury as a permanent loan, paying an annual interest thereon of $1,500. The following subscriptions and donations were re- ceived then and subsequently : Woman's Friend Society, $2,163.52; Henry E. Pren- tiss, $1,500; Franklin Muzzy, $1,000; Samuel F. Hersey, $1,000; Samuel Larrabee, $1,000; George Stetson, $500; IsaiahStetson, $500; Walter Brown, $500; Moses Giddings, $500; William H. McCrillis, $500; A. D. Manson, $500; Isaac S. Whitman, $500; James Mc- Laughlin, $300; Joseph S. Smith, $100, Frank Hinck- ley, $100; Samuel P. Strickland, $100; Hastings Strick- land, $100; Henry A. Wood, $100; F. A. Wilson, $100; Mrs. Mary A. Bullock, $250; Mrs. Leonard March, $100; Joseph S. Wheelwright; $250; J. G. Clark, $250; T. W. Baldwin, $250; J. B. Foster, $250; Hannibal Hamlin, $250; David Bugbee, $250; Mrs. Mary A. Hinckley, $200; Mrs. Mary Ham, $200; George L. Phillips, $200; M. L. Drummond, $100; William B. Hay ford, $100; Arad Thompson, $100; L S. Johnson, $100; James S. Rowe, $100; Charles Hayward, $100; Albert Emerson, $100; E. S. Coe, $100; Hugh Ross, $100; G. W. Merrill, $100; A Friend, $100; Mrs. R. W. Strickland, $500; Mrs. Noah Woods $1,000; Mrs. *► A. R. Cutting, $1,000. In addition to the above the corporation has been greatly aided by annual subscriptions, life members' sub- scriptions, bequests, the sewing circle, fairs, exhibitions, and small donations, and was thereby enabled to com- plete the Trust Fund of $25,000. Hon. Samuel F. Hersey left the Home by will $5,000, payable in 1890. 93 By the commutation of this legacy the corporation has been helped to pay the balance due for the homestead and to accumulate a sustaining fund, so that the Home may well now be considered a permanent institution. Five hundred dollars were also left to the Home by Mrs. Ruth W. Strickland, a former member of the Board of Managers. The Home was opened for inmates July 20, 1874, in a leased house on the corner of Essex and Garland streets. In October, 1876, the corporation purchased the present commodious residence, No. 145 State street. This Home was dedicated with appropriate religious ser- vices on the i6th of October, 1876. An addition of ten new sleeping and other rooms were made in the summer of 1 880. Apparatus for steam-heating was introduced about the same time. In 1876 a gift to the Home was made by the trustees of Mt. Hope Cemetery Corporation of a valuable and large burial lot. The remains of two beneficiaries of the Home are therein deposited, with appropriate head- stones above them. The principal officers in the original Board of Mana- gers were as follow : Joseph S. Wheelwright, President ; Mrs. James McLaughlin and Mrs. John B. Foster, Vice- Presidents; Mrs. Elbridge C. Hincks, Treasurer; Miss Mary F. Prentiss, Secretary. Mr. Wheelwright is still President of the Home, and has been of eminent service in its foundation and main- tenance. The Vice-Presidents are Mrs. Almira McLaugh- lin and Mrs. Caroline R. Mason; Secretary, Mrs. Francis H. Noble; Treasurer, Isaac S. Whitman. Miss Sarah E. Patten is Matron. There have been in all sixty life members, upon pay- ment of $25 each. Of these, fourteen are dead. The receipts of 1880 were $6,742.98; expenditures, $6,032.72. At the time of the publication of this report, in the late autumn of 1881, the Home had fifteen inmates. The names of these, and of two others deceased, are as follow: Entered in 1874 — Miss Mary A. Giddings, age 5S; Mrs. Sarah Atkins, 66; Mrs. Eliza B. Merrill, 81; Miss Julia A. Orcutt, 58 (died August 16, 1877); Miss Nancy C. Blagdon, 75 (died November 15, 1876). En- tered in 1875 — Mrs. Lavinia Pierce, 79; Miss Mary A. Freeman, 66; Mrs. Phihnda B. Breed, 74. Entered in 1876 — Mrs. Elizabeth Skinner, 70; Miss Augusta Mes- senger, 73; Miss Charlotte A. GaUison, 54. Entered in 1877 — Mrs. Betsey Partridge, 69; Mrs. Nancy Pomroy, 77. Entered in 1880 — Mrs Harriet A. Billings, 57; Mrs. Mary T. Trueworthy, 83. Entered in 1881— Miss Mary C. Pearson, 55; Mrs. Abbie E. Smith, 60. 738 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. CHAPTER XXXIV. ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS. The Bangor Young Men's Bible Society — The Young Men's Christian Association — The Mechanics' Association — Their Library — Mercan- tile Association — ^Women's Christian Temperance Union — Women's Christian Temperance Crusade — Bangor Reform Club — .B .H Beale Post No. 12, Grand Army of the Repubhc — Historical Society — Board of Trade — Board of Underwriters — Fuel Society — Society for the Pre- vention of Cruelty to Animals — Sundry Associations and Secret Orders. BANGOR YOUNG MEN'S BIBLE SOCIETY.* The predecessor of this association was the Pe- nobscot County Bible Society. This, an auxiliary of the American Bible Society, was the first in the county for circulating the Bible. It was inaugurated in May, 1828. Joseph Lee, of Milo, was President; Rev. S. L. Pomroy, Bangor, Corresponding Secretary ; Romulus Haskins, Bangor, Recording Secretary; George W. Brown, Bangor, Treasurer. Rev, Dr. Proudfoot, of Salem, New Hampshire, was General Agent of the parent society. Local agents were employed "to visit Ihe va- rious townships of the county, and to ascertain by faithful enquiry how many families were destitute of Bibles." A donation of Bibles was granted by the parent society for newly settled places. In 1832-33 auxiliaries had been formed in most of the townships. An agent had visited all parts of the county to form local associations, and to prepare the way for a general supply of Bibles and Testa- ments. He occupied 114 days, traveling 2,850 miles, and formed fifty small societies. Bibles and Testaments were supplied to each of these. During the short period of its active service it forwarded to the American Bible Society $2,000 for books and $100 donations. Revs. Joseph Lane, Sylvester Holmes, and Mr. Bacon were General Agents of the parent society, and occasionally visited the county. The County Bible Society having for several years ceased to act, it was proposed that the young men of Bangor should unite and enter upon the work anew. Accordingly a meeting was held October 23, 1843, in the vestry of the Methodist Chapel. Colonel Henry Little was appointed Chairman, William Sandford Secretary. Prayer was offered by Rev, John Maltby. The agent of the American Bible Society, Rev. Joseph Lane, was present and explained the need of some active organi- zation. It was voted to organize as the Bangor Young Men's Bible Society. A committee was appointed to draft a constitution— Asa Walker, Esq., William H. Dow, and Nathaniel French. A committee also to nominate officers— Revs. Maltby and Pomroy (Congregational), Hobart (Methodist), Caverno (Free Baptist), and West (Episcopal). Each of these committees to report at an adjourned meeting. November 3, 1843. Met according to adjournment, in the vestry of the First Congregational Church, at which a constitution was adopted and the following officers were chosen : Charles Godfrey, Jr., President; Isaac A. Hatch, Vice-President; Asa Walker, Secretary; William H. Dow, Treasure r; E. F. Duren, Depositary. *By Deacon E. F. Duren. The Presidents of the society during the thirty-eight years of its existence have been : Charles Godfrey, Jr., 6 years; J. A. Hatch, 3; J. Burbank, 2; F. M. Sabine, 2; J. Conant, 2; E. H. Fogg, 3; W. P. Wingate, 2; A. S. Weed, 2; T. A. Seavey, 2; S. D. Thurston, 2; G. A. Thatcher, J, Fenno, J, F, Kimball, each i; G. R. Smith, 9, and now in office. Secretaries — Asa Walker, 7 years; O. R. Patch, 3; W, Sandford, 2; J. T. K. Hayward, i; A, S. Weed, 2; F. F. French, i; E. H. Fogg, i; R, S. Morrison, i; F. E. Shaw, 2; J. L. Crosby, 2; N. L. Perkins, 2; W. E. Mann, i; J. F. Kimball, 2; J. H. Hayes, 2; J. W. Torrens, 9,, Treasurers — William H. Dow, 3 years; J. S. Wheel- wright, 4; E. F Duren, 17; W. G. Duren, 5; F. M. Sabine, 8, and now in office. Depositaries — E. F. Duren, 34 years ; W. Lewis, J, N, Davis, and E, D, Godfrey, each i; T. K. Smith, i, now in office. The object of this society is, first, to supply every des- titute family in this county and Aroosook county with a copy of the Holy Bible, without note or comment, and to afford facilities for the people to supply themselves by purchase; and secondly, the transmission of its surplus funds to the parent society at New York, to aid in dis- tributing the Word of Life to the destitute throughout our own and foreign lands. The churches in these counties are invited to become branches of this society, sharing its privileges and labors; and where there is no organized church the officers of each town and plantation are desired to correspond an- nually, at least, with this society, that all may be sup- plied with the Holy Scriptures. Various and appropriate means, all more or less successful, have at different times been employed to secure the object of this society. Local depositaries have been established at convenient and central points; Bibles and Testaments have been placed in responsible hands for distribution ; colporteurs have been employed ; Bible distributers have been commissioned; the co-oper- ation of clergymen and others has been solicited; and explorations of territory within our limits have been made as frequently as possible and to the greatest practicable extent. Circulars have from time to time been sent to the churches — particularly in 1851 and 1861 — suggesting the appointment of a committee to enquire into the wants of the destitute, to ascertain when an exploration was best made and with what results, collect funds from such as are willing to contribute, and report to the committee of this society. Bangor was the first place canvassed by the Society, which was undertaken by its officers in 1844, soon after its organization. In 1846 the hotel steamers and public buildings were more fully supplied; in 1850 and i86z the city was supplied by colporteurs. Deacon Stephen Smith, of Garland, was a very acceptable and efficient col- porteur in different towns of the county, serving for a , longer period than any other, beteen 1854 and 1864. Messrs. Chamberlin, Tenney, Richards, Ricker, Emerson, Douglass, Hobbs, Keeps, Tarbox, Rea, Torrens, Mans- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 739 field, and Rogers have also been employed by the So- ciety at different times. Efficient aid has been rendered by the agents of the parent society — Revs. J. Lane, J. Young, D. Sewall, J. E.Soule, R. Woodhull, S. H. Merrill, Thomas Smith, C. C. Cone, and W. H. Gilbert. The hotels between Bangor and Houlton have been supplied with the Scriptures, also the lumber camps from time to time. In 1845-46 it was estimated that four thousand lumbermen were probably without a copy, and the American Bible Society made a grant of fifteen hundred Bibles, which were committed to this society for distribution. A gentleman of Bangor voluntarily sup- plied twenty camps. A Bible society organized in Aroos- took county during its active existence supplied a por- tion of the field which had been under the care of this society. Seamen and vessels have been supplied, also asylums, jails, poor-houses, Sunday- and common schools. In 1861 all the soldiers enlisted for the war from this county and Aroostook were supplied with a Bible, Testament, or Testament and Psalms. They were presented by different clergymen of the city to the several companies, and were gladly received. Two of the books came back bearing the indentation of the bullet, which providen- tially prevented its piercing the life of the soldier, and to many it was a lamp to their feet and a light to their path. To all calls for the Bible this society has ever been ready to respond. Eighty-six thousand copies of the Scriptures have been circulated by this society, of which twenty-three thou- sand were donated. ■ The amount paid by this society to the parent society for Bibles and Testaments from 1843 to i88i is $16,120; donations $1,000. Amount of Bibles and Testaments donated by this society $3,147; contributions received to prosecute the work of the society $8,900. Expenditures $2,410. At the anniversaries of the society the report of the secretary has presented the work of the year, and ad- dresses have been made by the pastors and others of the city and vicinity. At five of them there has been one written discourse. At the others, three or more short addresses. At each there have been appropriate devo- tional exercises by ministers of different denominations, and music by the choirs. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. Several tentative efforts were made in the city, during ■a number of years, to found a branch of the Young Men's Christian Association, but without definite result until December 21, 1880, when a meeting of those inter- ested was held in Concert Hall. Mr. Pierre McConville was in the chair, and Henry F. Thurston was Secretary. Remarks were made by Messrs. Main M. Preble, Rand, Lincoln, Weatherbee, and others, and the meeting ad- journed to meet on the 30th of December. The second assembly was had in the vestry of the Third Congrega- tional church, with about twenty-two persons present. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Mr. Field, remarks were made by a number of gentlemen, and a committee. consisting of Messrs. Rand, Eldridge, and Swenson, was appointed to draft a constitution. This committee re- ported at a meeting held the second evening thereafter. New Year's evening, 1881; and the report, after some discussion and amendment, was adopted. The constitution, as now in force, provides for active, associate, sustaining, and honorary members — the first comprising evangelical church-members, or persons giving evidence of sound conversion. They pay $2 per year, and only these are allowed to vote and hold office. The second class includes men of good moral standing; the third, those who will aid the work by payment of a stipulated sum ($5) yearly; and the fourth, those who pay a certain sum ($20) as life members. The officers are a President, seven Vice-Presidents, a Recording Sec- retary, a Corresponding Secretary, and a Treasurer, who together constitute an Executive Committee. These of- ficeis are t%i)e chosen, so far as practicable, from the several evangelical churches in the city. The Finance Committee is formed of the Executive Committee, with one member from each evangelical church. The officers are elected annually by ballot. Five members make a quorum of the committee, and nine a quorum of the as- sociation. "No member shall neglect the work of the Association, or the duties assigned him, without giving a seasonable and reasonable excuse to the society, to be by him approved and reported at the next business meet- ing." "Any name may be struck from the roll of mem- bership for continued neglect of duty or proven immo- rality, by a majority vote in regular business meeting;" and " no person shall be honorably discharged from the as- sociation without giving reasons which shall be approved at a regular business meeting." The annual meeting is held upon the first Saturday of January. All meetings are to be opened and closed with prayer. One thousand five hundred copies of the constitution have been printed. The association, according to the roll of members at this writing, consists of Messrs. P. McConville, Adelbert P. Chick, W. Rand, Alfred Winn, W. L. Miller, W. B. Dole, A. W. Main, Edwin Granger, Edgar L. Brown, Alf Swen- son, Henry Vance, Henry B. Dunbar, Everett S. Baker, John K. Lincoln, Charles S. Pearl, A. T. Stetson, R. A. Jordan, W. J. Weatherbee, F. D. Lincoln, I. M. Case, F. A. Curtis, Frank L. Goodwin, James Purr, Frank A. Smith, Edward C. Frost, William S. Boyd, John W. Todd, S. Lewis B. Speare, George W. E. Barrows, H. H. Rich, Charles A. Barbour, John F. Kimball, J. Albert Dole, C. A. Averill, M. G. Prentiss, Thomas A. Hieskell, Lawrence T. Smyth, H. A. Williams, J. M. Frost, Wil- liam H. Perkins, S. S. Greenyer, R. F. Morgan, George S. Hall, Edwin C. Brown, Harold W. Springer, W. L. Crosby, John F. Stevens, Otis Gilmore, John A. Pond, A. C. Sawyer, J. M.Dickey, Arthur L. Hopkins, Fred L. Beverly, James L. Heywood, N. Wilmot Littlefield, James B. Barnaby — fifty-six members, all told. The officers of the Association elected at the first meeting were : Pierre McConville, President; F. A. Curtis, W. J. Weatherbee, W. Rand, J. A. Boardman, Vice-Presidents. Subsequently, when the number of Vice-Presidents was enlarged, Messrs. Charles A. Barbour, 740 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT C6u^fTY, MAI^fE. J. A. Dole, and I. M. Case were elected additional Vice- Presidents; Mr. E. C. Frost was also made a Vice-Presi- dent, in place of Mr. Curtis, resigned. A. T. Stetson, Secretary; Mr. Alfred Winn was afterwards chosen Sec- retary, on the resignation of Mr. Stetson, who was elected Corresponding Secretary when that office was created. Henry Dunbar, Treasurer. The "Grangers' Hall," on Kenduskeag Bridge, was presently secured for the uses of the Association. The "Grand Army Hall" was afterwards rented, and is now occupied by the society. It has been neatly fitted up, largely with articles purchased from the B. H. Beale Post No. 12, of the Grand Army of the Republic, and supplied with all necessary conveniences. As soon as a hall was secured, the association began to hold Saturday evening prayer-meetings. A public Gospel and praise meeting is now held on Tuesday evening of each week; a social, religious, and business meeting of the associa- tion on Friday evening, and an "open-air Gospel meet- ing" is held under the auspices of the association, in good weather, on the slate wharf at the foot of Broad street, every Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. The first public meeting was held at the hall on the evening of Tuesday, March 22, 1881, and was very well attended. The first open-air meeting was held in Park Square, Sunday afternoon, May 15, with a half-hour prayer-meet- ing previously in the hall. A valued member was lost May 25, in the person of Mr. John F. Kimball, for whose memory some cordial and appreciative resolutions were passed by the association on the 27th. THE mechanics' ASSOCIATION. The early history of this, the most notable, and un- doubtedly most useful society, not distinctively religious, in the city of Bangor, is well detailed by Judge Godfrey, at intervals in the preceding chapters. The story of its organization and earlier years need not here be repeated. It will be remembered that it dates by incorporation from February 12, 1828; its organization was completed April 15, 1828. The same year its constitution and by-laws, with a list of early members, were printed in a rude little pamphlet by "Burton & Carter, printers, Ban- gor." The preamble says: The mechanic powers, combined in their operation, have been gen- erally admitted as the source of all those inventions and aru vfhich have given to society its wealth, conveniency, respectability and de- fence: — Societies having for their object the promotion of these powers, and the amehoration of the distresses of the unfortunate, cannot fail to exert a salutary influence upon the community. To effect these desirable ends, the present associates agree to be governed as a society by the following Rules and Regulations: A good preamble, truly. The name of the society was then, as Judge Godfrey correctly puts it, the Bangor Mechanic Association. The roll of membership of 1828, with statement of occupations, can hardly fail to be of interest now: James Tilton, tanner; John Williams, saddler; Ed- ward Sargent, house-wright ; Zebulon Smith, watch- maker; Jacob Garland, cooper; Henry Call, copper- smith ; Stephen Giddings, mason ; Nathan B. Wiggin, John Sargent, house-wrights ; David Meryman, mill- wright ; Samuel Moore, hatter ; Preston Jones, Edmund Dole, cabinet-makers ; Bradford Harlow, pump- and block-maker; James Burton, Jr., printer; Amaziah S. Moore, painter; Benjamin G. Campbell, tin-plate worker; Preserved B. Mills, tinner; Horatio Beale, painter; Stephen Oilman, cabinet-maker and carver ; Edward H. Bayley, turner; Nathaniel Lincoln, carpenter; John S. Sayward, saddler ; John Reynolds, tailor ; William Em- erson, cordwainer; William Seward, house-wright; Na- thaniel Pierce, joiner; Ezra S. Brewster, printer; Reuben Bayley, Salmon Niles, house-wrights ; Calvin Osgood, joiner; Andrew Maxfield, mason; William Robinson, house-wright ; Gardner Brooks, chair-maker and painter; John Brown, house-wright ; Joseph N. Downe, house- wright ; Samuel Fellows, Samuel Eastman, David Mc- Dougal, blacksmiths ; A. A. Dillingham, baker ; Thomas Hancock, wheelwright ; Oilman Merrill, John S. Carter, painters ; Allen Clark, clothier ; Isaac Hodsdon, Rob- ert W. Yallalee, blacksmiths ; Benjamin Richards, house- wright ; Dexter E. Wadleigh, mason ; Michael Sargent, Leonard L. Morse, Asa Davis, house-wrights; Gilbert Wallace, cooper; Isaac Bayley, blacksmith; George W. Maxim, house-wright; Joseph Wing, hatter; Cyrus Brown, house-wright; David Hill, cabinet-maker. Ed- ward Sargent, James Tilton, John Williams, and Henry Call, with their associates, were designated as incorpora- tors in the act of incorporation. The original organization does not seem to have con- templated the formation of a library, except as "books as connected with mechanics" might be presented to it ; or of a museum, except as "models of machines of new in- ventions" or drawings of machines which might also be given. All "shall be in the care of the secretary, sub- ject to the direction of the Government [the Board of officers] and the inspection of the members." Near the close of 1829, however, the matter of a Ubrary came into agitation, and a committee appointed to consider the disposition of surplus funds, reported that an amount not exceeding $65 might well be expended for books and $15 for periodicals. The report was adopted. Gregory's Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, in three volumes, and three more of the old Encyclopedia Americana, with the accompanying book of plates, were accordingly bought; and subscriptions were made to the Library of Useful Knowledge and Silliman's Journal of Arts and Sciences. The seven books named formed the nucleus of the present fine collection. It was little suspected then what a superb local institution might in half a century grow out of this modest initial effort. Among the curious objects presented to the associa- tion was the old printing press, formerly owned by the printer Peter Edes, and the first brought into the Penob- scot Valley. It was purchased by a number of members of the society, and accepted at a meeting April 13, 1843. This venerable and interesting relic of old-time "black art" is now deposited in the chapel of the Bangor Theo- logical Seminary. ' A revision of the constitution and by-laws was adopted April 12, 1839, Article VII. of which says decisively that "the association shall collect and establish a library, museum of curiosities, and a cabinet of minerals, for the and two of 1852^^'— otiff'nunared aViaiieventy-nine in all. Before i860 the association had accumulated a fund of $600 and a library of several thousand volumes, with an attractive though not large museum. The money was lost mainly in an effort to give the local public a course of first-class lectures; but the library was kept to- gether pretty well, and was well used. The average number per year, during the decade 1856-66, of books taken out by members and their families, was 2,072 — in one year 2,585, and m another, the smallest, 1,337. The library has since greatly increased, especially by the addition from the Mercantile Library in 1874, and now contains about 16,800 volumes. Of these more than fourteen thousand are in circulation ; the rest are reference books. For many years the association exerted a marked and beneficial influence in the city. The School system, especially, owes much to it. Durmg the last fifteen years the work of the society has greatly changed. Instead of meetings for discussion and mutual improvement, it now devotes its energies solely to the maintenance of the library. The trust fund for its support amounts to $12,000, the interest of which goes to the repair and purchase of books. In the latter part of 1866 it was voted to open a sub- scription for a trust fund for the benefit of the library. This was done, and with eminent success. Franklin Muzzy and Thomas N. Egery headed it with $1,000 each; Willard Cutter and nine others gave $200 apiece; thirteen $100 subscriptions were made; and smaller sums were added to the total amount of $6,535. In May fol- lowing the City Council accepted the subscription as a trust for the association, and the amount collected ($6,- 468.65) was invested in the securities of the United States. Upon the death of Mr. Muzzy in 1873 $4,000 were added to the fund under his will — which, with other sums, makes up the present trust of $12,000, held for the benefit of the library. Mr. Muzzy was mainly in- strumental in raising the original subscription, and much of the success of the library is considered due to his /■_ ertions. The early meetings of the nocr -■''-' Cram's Hall - "' of $2 per year; and non-residents may also take books, at $4 a year, or may make more temporary arrangements. Any person may consult the hbrary in the room, and such has always been the rule. The pages of this His- tory owe much to the liberality of this arrangement, and the kindness of the Librarian and his assistant. This library is a most beneficent public institution. The following-named gentlemen have served as Presi- dents of the association: James Tilton, 1828-30; John Williams, 1831-32; Henry Call, 1833-34; John Brown, 1835; Franklin Muzzy, 1836; J. 3. Sayward, 1837; Sam- uel Ramsdell, 1838; A. R. Hallowell, 1839; P. B. Mills, 1840; James R. Macomber, 1841; N. B. Wiggin, 1842; O. S. BeaLe, 1843; William S.: Mitchell, 1844; E. T. Fox, 1845; A. Leighton, 184^; William H. Perry, 1847; J. M. Lander, 1848; P. B. Rider, 1849; Rufus Prince, 1850; William Hall, 185 1; J. Fogg, 1852; Ed- ward Wiggin, 1853; T. H. Morse, 1854-55; J. W. Strange, 1856-57; Isaac Small, 1858-59; A. W. Benson, i860; Charles Sawtelle, 1861-62; William S. Potter, 1863-64; M. Schwartz, 1865; Willard Cutter, 1866-69; Byron Porter, 1870-71 and 1874; George A. Davenport, 1872-73; C. B. Brown, 1875; F- M. Lawrence, 1876; Scott Dunbar, 1877-78; Bernhard Pol, 1879-80; G. W. Mer- rill, 1 88 1. Librarians: John Sargent, 1830; John S. Sayward, 1830-31 and '33 (Mr. S. had the library at his shop on Ex- change street, and opened it every Saturday afternoon); James Burton, 1832; Reuben Bagley, 1834-35; C. H. Wing, 1836; Samuel Ramsdell, 1837; T. H. Morse, 1838; O. S. Beale, 1839; Moses Saunders, Jr., 1840; E. T. Fox, 1 841; P. B. Rider, 1842; W. H. Perry, 1843; J. C. Mitchell, 1844; H. S. Brown, 1845; A. L. Perry, 1846; O. P. Sawtelle, 1847; Willard Cutter, 1848-49; L. W. Rogers, 1850-51; Daniel Holman, 1852-56, 1867 to this time; G. W. Orfif; 1857; A. W. Benson, 1858; William S. Townsend, 1859-64; W. L. Seavey. 186";: W. H. H. Pitcher, 1866. ._..-. --1. -^. cantile Library and twenty-six to the Social Library. In April, 1858, a union seems to have been made of the ■ two, on condition that all members of the Bangor Social Library Association be admitted to equal privileges in the Bangor Mercantile Association, which was probably done at that time, as there is no further mention of the Social Library. The association held their meetings and had their library in various rooms ; but for several years their library and reading-room was in Bowman's Block, over the Whig and Courier office, Kenduskeag Bridge. There is no mention of a Librarian previous to 1847. Mr. Thomas Smith was appointed that year, and held the office till April i, 1869, at which time he resigned, being quite advanced in years. E. H. Carr was ap- pointed in his place. January 27, 187 1, the Mercantile Association moved their library, reading-rooms, etc., to the new rooms fitted up for them in Kenduskeag Block. May 23, 1871, they voted to change the name of their association to the Bangor Library Association. In 1870 the association was involved in debt, and therefore considered the matter of transferring their property to the Mechanics' Association, on condition that the latter would assume the liabilities of the Library Association, and also admit all the citizens of Bangor to the use of their books and the privileges of member- ship. By December of that year the association was $3,500 in debt, and on the 15th of the month they voted to transfer their entire library and all other property of the association to the Mechanics' Association. Janu- ary 27, 1874, the transfer was accompUshed. At the last meeting of the Mercantile, July loth following, a final statement of the financial standing of the association showed that all indebtedness had been can- j j^k a balance of $357.35 had been passed ■-' issnciation, f^v.v.v- .. . ana of hope, as well as among the small number, fervent and faithful, who might well be called the prayer-mothers of that associa- tion. One of them has been spoken of as " the grand, fervent, and maternal presence to whom all hearts spon- taneously turned for a leader;" and one was the devoted, efficient, and gifted secretary, — first of the Crusade, and then of the Union, — whose " labors more abundant " from that time to this have filled the whole of her heart and her life. Within a year and a half from the organization of the Crusade, the Reform Club, of men redeemed from the spells of the poison-cup through the influence of this mother-society, had taken an engrossing place in its char- ities and labors, and the devoted desire to "stand by our fallen brothers " seemed to eclipse that radiant zeal for the removal of the tenipting demon which had been the first inspiration of the Crusade. Our little handful of pioneers, regretting the narrowed scope of a work whose possibilities were daily broaden- ing before them, and drawn anew by the tidings of the Woman's National Union, then just entering upon its comprehensive warfare, began — first individually, and then collectively — to see some important things waiting to be done which no exisitng organization even attempted; and conscience said to them, "These things may be the very work appointed of God for you." While cordially approving and sympathizing in the work of the Crusade, and wishing them a hearty God- speed in its continuance, they could not bear to be them- selves unfaithful to the light they saw, by turning away from the many avenues of work which opened before them. They longed, among other things, to try what their feeble efforts might do, if sustained and energized by a Higher Power, to arouse the churches to a keener appreciation of the terrible curse, and a more earnest and systematic participation in the warfare against it, than it seemed to ^^e-m then existed ; " they longed to lend hand and soul ■- ''ther States, whose battle is so hard and ^-•«^c in death ; " and many ■ -""d them on. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 743 defined hope within them pointing to a new organization, was indulged only in the spirit shown to be still existing by the first annual report : "We remain in friendly and unaffected good will towards all the associations which are unselfishly laboring for the removal of the great curse. It is designed not to antagonize, but to supple- ment and fulfil." The decision, however, to form another organization was not hastily made, nor without deliberation and prayer. For many weeks after this partial revealing of a new way, they met weekly for prayer and conference. Cour- .age came with prayer. Their hope grew stronger daily and their purpose clearer. Their first quickening thought had come in the early winter; but the month of May had almost dropped its last blossoms, and the decisive step was not yet taken. If they unconsciously waited for a sign, such as was given to holy men of old on occasions when their faith strode less like a conqueror than in those days it was wont to do, such a token came. At this crisis, when the embryo power seemed all ready to speak and move — and did not — but waited for the Al- mighty to breathe into it a living soul, these ladies learned that the "Women's International Temperance Confer- ence," which had been appointed for June 12, at Phila- delphia, had received, as yet, no greeting from the State which aspires to be leader in the noble work of law, and that no one of her daughters had been commissioned as a delegate. This was the "dew on the fleece" that con- firmed their shrinking hearts. For had they not acted now, and formed themselves into a body authorized to send such delegate, their State, with her splendid record for temperance shining on her statute books, would have had no representation m one of the noblest of the world's conventions. Pressed by this urgent motive, they hastened at once (June 6, 1876), to organize themselves into a new associ- ation, and to give it the name of "The Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union." Immediately after, according • to the record of the Corresponding Secretary, "they elected and qualified as a delegate to the 'International Conference,' Mrs. Benjamin Plummer, whose understand- ing testimony to the efficacy, both of our noble law and of the "Women's Movement," was eagerly listened to and could not have been spared from the conference, as the only voice raised there for the Commonwealth which has so many years been banner-bearer in the great social re- form, and for the city which, first in New England, re- flected the light of the Western beacon-fires." After addressing a letter of sisterly greeting to "The Women's Temperance Crusade," and establishing their weekly business meeting and an open prayer-meeting, to which they hoped to draw many other temperance-loving Christians, the little "Union " was fairly launched upon • its work. Using the Corresponding Secretary's annual reports as the substance of our story, we will give a sketch of this work for the five years of its existence, joining her record of '76-77 on to our imperfect beginning, at the month of July: In July we began a series of prayer and conference meetings with the churches, which proved a blessing to ourselves and, we believe, a boon to those who received us. We sought to carry our work of prayer and of Christian endeavor against the great evil into every church, to be strengthened by their sympathies, and perchance to speak a word of awakening, if any careless sons and daughters were too much at ease in Zion. In this plan we were met with courtesy and God-speed by nearly all the pastors. In the meetings they joined with us heart and voice, and the doors were opened to us of all the Protestant churches except two, in which women's speaking is much against the traditions. We held nine such meetings between July 23 and January 14. The round of the churches having thus been made, in February the Union invited the pastors to co-operate with us in establishing a monthly union prayer-meeting of all the societies. Their co-operation was promised, and on Monday evening, February iqth, the first such meeting was held in the Union Street IVIethodist church, and we looked forward to another course of happy and successful effort in this direc- tion. These meetings were, however, unexpectedly prevented by the Rev. G. F. Pentecost's visit to the city at that time. His religious meetings " awoke a greater interest than has been seen in the place for many years, absorb- ing the attention of the churches, as well as bringing in scores of the hitherto indifferent. The multitude of meetings which resulted from this visit left no room for the monthly prayer-unions. The Union held this year, besides the meetings just named, and those held weekly, four public meetings at City Hall, two of which were for lectures by the brilliant lecturer. Professor George E. Foster, of Fredericton, and by the popular speaker, Mrs. Abby S. Doutney, of Mas- sachusetts; occasional prayer-meetings at private houses, and one at the jail. Another series of gatherings also, of a different nature, are yet to be added, viz., mission meetings at the Maine Central Depot, commenced on Sunday afternoon. May 6th. "The work has been continued for the succeeding Sundays," says the Secretary on June 6th, "some clergy-' men and some singers giving us most welcome aid. We have had meetings of deep interest, and in those throngs of young hearts hungering for the bread of life we find a call to gratefully devote to the service of God and hu- manity, in this Mission, more of time, of strength, of whatever gift may be ours, than ever before." During the summer of 1876 the members of the Union commenced visiting the rumsellers of the city (the visi- tors, at one tirne, never exceeding two in number); for they felt that — For that chiefest robber who robs his brother of his soul, if he is chief of sinners, he most needs our redeeming love. This effort of Christian charity was begun August 29, 1876, and sus- tained at irregular intervals till May i, 1877, when it was made a regu- lar weekly business. Those who visit are sustained by the prayers which are offered for them at home, and are led on by the unspeakable pity which sees precious manhood, time, and all divine gifts squandered in the gambling, profanity, drunkenness, idleness, degradation, and despair of these dens of iniquity. Our pledges have been accepted by some whom we find there, as well as by many others. The Union commenced the work of tract distribution in the City Soup-house in January, 1877. Temperance documents and papers, rehgious tracts, and a variety of interesting reading matter were procured by gift and purchase, accord- ing to our means, and received at the Soup-house with greatest pleas- ure by the children, by the countrymen, and in short, by all classes. A weekly distribution was continued there till the Soup-house was closed, April 7th. 744 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY MAINE. This work soon expanded into a more general distri- bution. Several of the religious publishing houses gave us freely of their issues, which, with temperance and other papers, have been systematically dis- tributed in the jail and lockup, in rum-shops, and sailor boarding- houses, and in some business streets. The police-station was visited with coffee and the pledge for the unfortunate waifs, thrown in there day to day by the " crime of crimes," from March 4 to April 8, when other workers became interested and undertook the mission. In active support of the national work we have tried to contribute our mite, having sent ii8 subscriptions to the newspaper organ of the society. We have had the satisfaction of witnessing the growth of a marked interest in the State and National work. Our financial support rests on a basis exceedingly simple — it being to pass the hat at our public meetings, and to put our hands in our own pockets in the interval. If our public meetings were more frequent, and our pockets deeper, our work could greatly expand. With our time and strength all claimed by the direct work of temperance, we have not undertaken to earn money by entertainments, or by personal solicitation. We know what it is to be footsore and few, to be poor and perplexed, but we have not yet found out what it may be to lose our courage and our faith. In the cold weather we have carried to our place of meeting sticks of wood in mystic wrappers on our arms , and bundles of shavings, invisible, under our shawls, and the altar-fire within has never burned low. Our growth as a society has been steady and gratifying, our mem- bership having more than doubled since the first trembling ten of us launched our Mayflower. At the close of the next year (1877-78) the Secretary, after recording the continuance and prosperity of the weekly business and prayer meetings, says: Our report of last year records the opening meetings of the Maine Central Depot Mission. This has to tell of its successful continuance till the end of September. This mission was no holiday task, in our inex- perience, in the imperfect accommodations and distance of the place, the heats of the season, and the roughness of the material we are at- tempting to mould. But we feel our toils repaid when we count up st)me of the known results; besides the cases of individual light and blessing confessed to us, the many names there given to the pledge, and the fervent entreaties to us to "come and hold some more meet- ings!" . . . We have learned that patience and practice will sharpen even such dull tools as we confess ourselves to be, and that it pays to make acquaintance with the ' 'elbow-heathen." . ' . . Our congregation at the depot was gathered from those who seldom or never enter any other such meeting. We have been assisted in these meetings by words in season from some of our pastors, and from non- resident pastors, and by the voices of several of our favorite singers. Our visiting at the rum-shops and distribution of temperance litera- ture in shops, streets, or wharves, etc. , was continued till November. The visits were of the same painful interest as ever, and of the "souls rescued from their sinful way" we do not count with certainty even one for every dram-shop; but though our harvest may be not many sheaves, yet is already enough to richly repay our labors. Many thousand pages of our literature have been distributed thus. In December and January wall-pockets were put up in the railroad depots, conveniently disposed for ticket-buyers, which were weekly furnished with five to eight hundred pages of reading mat- ter, of a style both entertaining and useful, and this was continued till April. We have heard of passengers on out-going trains profiting by the gift to speed the slow hours; but in all these distributions we trust that much more good is wrought than can possibly come to our hear- ing. At all our meetings we furnish the National Leaflets, or some other tract, chiefly educational, as recommended by the Woman's National Union; and we have also complied with their plan in the appointment of our own Literature Committee, who have made a promising begin- ning in the further work laid out. The appointment of the 13th of December as a national day of prayer, made by the Chicago Convention, found us most happy to obey the call. Such days of union and unison of voice .and spirit are the fitting feasts of a cause so full of brotherhood as is the temperance movement of the present day. The Sunday before, December 9, seven of the ten Protestant preach- ers then occupying pulpits In the city had made temperance the subject of discourse, in response to the invitation which we had extended to them from the National Union ; — an auspicious precedent. No month has passed since the close of the Depot Mission without some presentation of our cause to the public ear, either by words of our own, or of able speakers, or by lectures in aid of our working fund. In October we had an enthusiastic meeting at Pine Street church, the speakers being Mr. and Mrs. D. W. Hunt, of Indiana; in November a highly interesting and instructive address from Rev. Dr. Hamlin, upon "Islam and Wine," at Hammond Street church; in December the prayer and mass-meetings in City Hall; in January the excellent lecture by Rev. Mr. Bolton, on "The Three H's that Win," in City Hall, for the benefit of our" treasury; in February the admirable address upon ■ "Woman and Temperance," delivered in the Unitarian church by Mrs. Eliza K. Churchill, of Providence; in March a literary lecture by the same speaker, for which tickets were sold, from which we hoped to de- rive a profit. April 28 we began a second series of meetings with the churches, upon a plan differing from those of the first year in giving special prom- inence to a Bible reading, the centrar thought of which is followed up by the speakers as the controlling thought of the evening. These have been among the most effective meetings we have had. The record is not complete without the mention of the meeting of June 7, 1877, which opened the year, at which the natural gladness of an anniversary in good work was enhanced by the sympathetic and en- couraging address of Rev. Professor Barbour, and the enthusiasm of Rev. Mr. Angler. Near the commencement of the record of the year 1878-79 the Secretary says : — Following our anniversary meeting of last June, which owed much lo the earnest addresses of two of our faithful temperance men, — Rev. Dr. Hamlin and Rev. Mr. Bolton, — the special meetings of last sum- mer were those of the Maine Central Depot Mission. After a series of memorable experiences in the preliminaries, these were commenced on June 30, the "hot Sunday," and continued four weeks. We had great difficulty in procuring seats, and owing to the lack of shipping and sailors in the port, and to other causes, our con- gregation was not of the same character as the previous season, nor such as we especially hoped for. Some good work was done there, and not in vain, we trust, but the Mission was not as successful as it should have been to justify our continued outlay, and was therefore closed. In October we succeeded in procuring the services of Miss Lucia E. F. Kimball, of Chicago, Superintendent of the Sunday-school work of the National Union, who held a series of effective meetings and created an interest in the subject of Sunday-school temperance work, such as was greatly needed in our churches, and will prove, we trust, not a quick-growing and quick-withering plant on shallow soil, but a strong and living tree, rich in fruit for time and eternity. Preparatory to her coming, the Union had invited thirteen Sunday- schools to join in a temperance concert on Sunday afternoon, October 20, at Hammond Street Church, where Superintendent Daggett had arranged the presentation of one of Miss Kimball's concert exercises, " The Test of the Rechabites." Miss Kimball addressed the children at this meeting, winning their ears, eyes, and hearts at once with her lessons and her object-teaching, and that evening delivered a thoughtful and suggestive lecture on " Temperance Training, " at the First Parish Church. The following evening, by invitation from the Union, a conference of pastors, super- intendents, teachers, and "all interested," was held at the Baptist Chapel, and addressed by Miss Kimball, who presented the simple and serviceable "Plan" of the Woman's National Union, for . systematic temperance work in Sunday-schools, and persuasively urged its adop- tion. She also spoke in the City Hall on Tuesday evening, the 22d, upon "Gospel Temperance Work in Chicago." The plan of the systematic temperance lessons was so new to our Sunday-schools that the work of securing its adoption has proved, as we were warned it would do, one requiring time, much personal labor, and reiterated explanation, as one after another becomes interested to inquire into it In furtherance of the work begun by Miss Kimball, the Union held two more conferences, participated in by many of those interested, who missed the first one, and has since appointed a committee of its own riiSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 745 members to take the work in charge. These have labored diligently, but this work is great enough for twice their number. But this year goes out with bright omen and definite advance, with the news that one of our churches has joined in the national system, — the Second Baptist having notified us of their intention to assign the quarterly lesson, appoint the Secretary, and carry out the further sug- ■ gestions of the Plan, so far as practicable. This is heartily encourag- ing, . . . Several Superintendents, while decUning to estab- lish a regular temperance lesson, have promised to give some time to it . . . We have distributed many specimens of the ad- mirable lesson-leaves prepared by Miss Coleman, and are confident that they will win their way. December 23, the day ever memorable as that on which our gentle "Mother Thompson," of Hillsboro', first led forth her crusade band to deliver the loved ones and close the rum-shop door, we thankfully marked with a commemorative service, held in the Baptist Chapel. By invitation, the Women's Temperance Crusade united with us in the services. The preceding Sunday had been designated af Baltimore as our "Nafional Temperance Sunday," and four of our city pastors had ac- cepted our invitation to preach a temperance sermon that day, — two others being prevented by Christmas services, taking an early oppor- tunity thereafter to address their people on this subject. With profound thankfulness must we temperance women confess our debt to the clergymen of Bangor, who have been and are a tower of strength to the cause. We have leaned upon their faithfulness, and not found it wanting. January 2 and 3 saw the fulfillment of long cherished desires of our Union, in the assembling in this city of the Massachusetts convention called by the State Union, in aid of which we had been glad to be enabled to offer a promised address from our eloquent Canadian friend. Professor George E. Foster, and the use of City Hall. Our citizens hospitably opened their homes in entertainment of our visitors, and, the Women's Crusade joining us in welcome to the delegations, it was to us all an occasion of pleasure and profit, and gave a good impulse to the work in this community. January s Professor Foster delivered a lecture for our society, enti- tle, "Reforms and Reformers," compact of his strong logic and fit illustration, to a large and attentive audience, at the First Methodist church. The Union held three Bible temperance meetings in churches this year, occasional saloon and station visiting was done, a few private prayer-meetings were held by invitation, and the Month of Prayer was observed by additional weekly prayer-meetings, with special subjects. Also, the members united in five scientific temperance readings, for their own benefit. ' Early in February a piece of work was given us to do of a kind wholly new in our experience, in the circulation of the " Petition of the National Union for relief and inquiry." This petition, asking Congress to do its utmost to keep the drink traffic out of the country, and to establish the commission of inquiry thrice passed by the Senate and smothered in the House, was welcomed as the embodied voice of many soul-felt hopes and prayers, and we girded ourselves for our first step in the path at the end of whose long vista shines a glorious goal. The blanks came late, and we had but five days in which to circulate them, and one of these was stormy. We took our bows and arrows and went a-hunting. Homes, stores, counting-rooms, and workshops we invaded, and came out rich in trophies and experience. Six hundred and twenty-eight signatures were secured, a httle more than one-third of which were women. Seven of our city pastors signed, — we had not time to see them all, — Seminary professors and a Presiding Elder; prominent members of all the learned professions — except the editorial — and of almost every honest occupation; office- holders, bankers, merchants; the comprehending ones who said, "Now you are striking at the root — amen," and those who, though hopeless for their own Ufetime, yet were glad to do their duty ; the white-haired, reverend scholar of nearly four-score years and ten, and the youth to whom our talk was the first hint of a glorious possibility that hes before his coming ballot. One sheet contained the names of seventeen of the gland jury, then in session, and the sum of them all was a weighty representation of the character, intelligence, and enterprise of the city, as well as of its social refinement and culture. Among the resolutions adopted by the State Convention, none has called us to action with a more profound sense of its importance than that which urges the introduction of exact teaching upon the nature and effects of alcohol into the public schools, as one of the most effec- tive safeguards against the drinking habit. 94 The movement in England, and its success in Sweden, are constant encouragement to us, it we needed more than its utter reasonableness to urge it here. A prompt indorsement was given to the suggestion in the sermon of one of our leading clergymen soon after the convention, and the proposition continues to meet with emphatic approval from growing numbers of our most thoughtful people. Upon the election of the new Board of Superintending School Com- mittee, at the end of March, we made the formal request that they would introduce the study of scientific temperance into the public school course in such a way as to reach the greatest number of scholars — proposing Richardson's Temperance Lesson Book for the high school, and the Catechism on Alcohol for the intermediate and suburban grades. The board met our delegation in a conference at their com- mittee-room, April 8, heard our plea with courteous attention, and have had the text-books under e-xamination, but we are not informed what their decision will be for the next school year. April 22 we held a mass meeting in City Hall, in support of the movement for scientific temperance teaching, which was well attended by an intelligent audience, and addressed by several of our most able and experienced educators, in strong advocacy of the idea. We had weighty support in Professors Hamlin, Sewall, and Paine, Hon. A. G. Wakefield, and Rev. Mr. Spear. . ■ . . In the important department of the literature work, progress has been made during the year. Ninety subscriptions have been sent to the newspaper organ. Our Union — our premiums amounting to $10.70. In July we began a canvass with Mrs. Wittenmeyer's History of the Woman's Temperance Crusade, the book of which Rev. Dr. HamUn has said — and we may give credence to such an expert : " There is no book of modern times, I am quite sure, which exhibits so much of human nature in all its shades, from sootiest black to purest while. It is a book which every lawyer, legislator, voter, physician, and minister should read. It exhibits courage never equaled at Plevna, benevolence and humility unsurpassed on earth, and deviltry right out of hell." Nine copies have been given away, and forty-two sold, at a net profit of $i3'7S- In this kind of money-getting we feel that we are spending our strength on a two-edged weapon, and directly promoting the cause in the circulation of the book. For there is nowhere to be found an ar- raignment of the monstrous traffic so biting as this plain, unvarnished story of its acts toward women Upon the other hterature there is no profit to our purse. Holding no public meeting in March, we called upon the excellent leaflet, 'Let the Church Awake," to speak for us, and distributed nine hundred and twenty-five of these in the different churches. We have distributed about eight thousand three hundred pages of these and other tracts during the year. We have also sold since January one hundred and eleven books and pamphlets, besides twenty packets of Union leaflet, and five of children's tracts. The only remaining extracts which will be given from this year's report refer to the following facts: In Sep- tember, 1878, a Sheriff well known to be a friend of the drink-traffic, was elected ; and in March a Mayor, who, it was generally supposed, would not enforce the prohibitory law, and who confirmed the supposition by saying in his inaugural — after quoting a few lines from the city charter touching the duties of the Chief Execu- tive Magistrate : " If I can cause the regulations of the city to be executed and enforced, I shall feel that I have done ray whole duty in this respect, and do not propose to magnify my office by going beyond the limits marked out in the city ordinance." But we have been told that our work is a failure. The charge is a serious one, and so often made, summons us at this beginning of an- other year to seriously consider the situation, and if we are in fault, to amend our methods. Then, after "considering the situation," and eloquently painting the effects of this unchaining of the insatiate demon, the Secretary continues: Is this, then, our failure? But our will and taste have not been con- sulted in the matter. It is some one's failure. It is shameful and sor- rowful. Being but women, we continue to pray. We confess our feebleness ; we have indeed failed to attain the full 746 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. measure of our desires. But when a grand work for humanity appeals, implores for helpers, and reels under the" mailed fist of the smiter, then that criticism which simply stands apart and blames its weakness — not that trembling effort which does its faithful best to uphold the bruised and shaking limb — is the failure. But we are told our work " is a failure, because, men talk temperance and vote rum ! " Ah ! this is the oldest story of all, that has echoed down to us from creation's dawn — man's sin is woman's fault. Truly the blood of Adam still flows in the veins of his sons. . We see failure, but we see success also. We see the stains fading from faces we are wont to meet, and heads held erect that were hung down. We see a new energy and higher life in temperance organiza- tions, , and a deeper and broader thought of what this reform means. May it grow abundantly. We have seen a quiet and happy quickening of spiritual life in some of our churches, and Hves blessedly won from the service of appetite to the service of God. One church has, for a part of the year, set apart one service in each month tor temperance. And when the church shall be awake in all her members, we shall hear no more of failure. . And more than these, we, standing within these walls, as women do, see tokens in many a home of the growing care, and thought, and love of women for this cause, which is woman's cause as none other has ever been — except that which was born in a manger at Bethlehem. And this growing care is full of hopefulness, for when temperance is loved, and served, and taught, as it should be, in the home, the sons will not love and serve the poison in the streets. We are thus introduced to the work of the year 1879- 80 : The year's labor has been carried on , according to our abihty , in each of the three great branches into which the national movement has re- solved itself; the religious, the educational, and the legal. Under the first head we must name our own most prized weekly prayer meetings, without whose cheer we should be unable to face our difficulties and continue in the warfare. These are open and free to all who may like to join us. We have held forty-four prayer meetings, including three of national appointment or significance, viz: October 17, for the Indianapolis Con- vention; the Crusade Anniversary, December 23; and for temperance throughout our land, January 2; to supply the omission of the subject from the following week of prayer. The last named meeting was held in City Hall, forenoon and afternoon, with a change of subjects and leaders each hour, and a new Bible lesson. In the sphere of religious work will be reckoned our Sunday-school effort, which has made progress. . . . Last June one ex- ercise of fifteen minutes in one school was all the specific temperance teaching we could learn of in the Sunday-schools of the city for several months. This year we have reports showing active temperance work in many of the schools, and the beginning of an awakening in some others. There is every encouragement to press forward. . Of the eight schools which the Secretary says have done some temperance work in the past year, we will quote the record of the three most favorable : . The Second Methodist, four quarterly lessons, and one concert. First Congregational, four quarterly lessons, five open- ing exercises of fifteen minutes each, one concert, one address before the school, twenty-two copies of "Youths' Temperance Banner," and a growing interest. Second Baptist, four quarterly lessons, four con- certs, two addresses before the school, eleven copies of the "Banner" used, and much interest among both teachers and scholars. . The Union lesson-leaves (Miss Colman's) have been used in five of these schools and have received high praise from superintend- ents and teachers. The educational work of the year was begun in what is doubtless the proper quarter— at home— ten meetings of our own members being held last summer for scientific reading, and one to read the "Maine Law." . Our cause has a rich, worthy, and convincing literature, and we be- lieve the old method of " precept upon precept, line upon line," has not lost its virtue. Forty-nine books, ninety-one pamphlets, one thou- sand five hundred and fifty lesson-leaves, and two thousand and thirty- seven pages of tracts have been sold, three thousand five hundred and twenty-two pages distributed by Union funds, and about one thousand pages given as specimens, for which the national and local committees have paid. That scientific temperance instruction must be given to the children in the public schools of America, is no longer an open question. The problem to-day is to overcome the inertia of school committees in the shortest possible time. But we have taken a lesson from our brothers' books, and observed that when they wish any line of public policy pursued they elect to office such men as will pursue it. Finding, as the weeks passed into months, that the School Committee were not likely to introduce the study of temperance, and feeUng that every consideration of humanity was (or it (and nothing against it but superstition, inherited from a dark age of philosophy, which named brandy "water Of life"), the resolve was taken in our meeting of July 31, to petition the Legislature of Maine to give women the privilege of voting for School Committees, as seven other States had already done. When we are among their constitu- ents they will take more interest in the book. The proposed movement, for school committee suffrage for women was submitted to the State Union at the next annual meeting in Octo- ber, unanimously sidopted as a branch of the State work, and petitions to the Legislature issued in December for general circulation. But the disturbed condition of affairs at the capital soon induced the committee to suspend the canvass, and postpone the appeal to the Legislature another year. The petition was received with much favor in this city, in the brief period it was in circulation, and we believe it will be numer- ously signed when the canvass is resumed. Meanwhile we have continued our efforts to persuade committees, by other arguments than the ballot. Our first work in this direction this year was a lecture from Professor George E. Foster, entitled, "Forma- tive Influences, or the Place of Temperance in Educadon. " This was delivered September 21, at a union meeting in Central Church, con- ducted by the pastor, assisted by Rev. R. L. Howard. The lecture, luminous with fine logic and elevated feeling, was not only an able argument for temperance in the schools, but was in itself an educative influence of rare quality, and was listened to with keen enjoyment by a large and appreciative audience. The State annual meeting, held in this city soon after, afforded our public another opportunity for consideration of the educational move- ment, in Hstening to the exquisite address of Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, of Boston. ... April 13 we again procured the assistance of Mrs.Hunt, who delivered a lecture on "Forces that Have Shaped Destiny," in City Hall. It was well attended and full of unanswerable persuasion to the introduction of the study. The next day Rev. Mr. Spear courteously opened his house for a parlor conference, to which we invited the School Committee, and a number of other friends, to confer with Mrs. Hunt upon practical as- pects of this most vital movement against the drink system. Two of the committee were present, and expressed themselves at the close in a manner most cheering to our hopes. On April 20 we sent the petition* to the School Committee, officially signed for our society, with the added request that they would give us a hearing at an early date. We have, as yet, received no reply to either request, but we still look hopefully forward to the beginning of the school year in September. We have this year made greater use of the printing press than ever before in our efforts for the education of the community in temperance work. Our last annual report was unable to find entrance into the columns of the daily papers which had hitherto pubUshed such reports, owing, we supposed, to the criticisms made upon the Mayor's course towards the Prohibitory Law. We, therefore, after waiting three weeks for the usual publication, decided to print it ourselves as a " Temper- ance Extra, " and July 5 issued two thousand copies, eighteen hundred of which were distributed in this city, and two hundred over the coun- try. It seemed to be an attractive form of publication, and many copies were ordered from our own and other States. The success of the attempt was a suggestion to try again. . During the summer it was observed that the news columns of the Whig were unusually laden with exhibits of the results of free liquors. The idea took shape that a resume of the principal fruits of the traffic as they had happened to be brought to the attention of one newspaper man, would be instructive reading to the citizens of Bangor, who bear the burdens of all this vice and crime. The Union accordingly re- solved, m January, to issue a sort of reprint from the Whig, and before * Prepared by the State Union for ^Kq introduction of the Temper- ance Lesson Book. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 747 this was out some temperance work was done, in which the public manifested much interest, and of which they had in the daily press no candid or adequate report. Our second Temperance Extra, March ist, had, therefore, a full freight of matter, and more than full. Too small though, it was, with important articles crowded out, prepared in many difficulties, paying its way with desperate exertions, and falling far short of our wishes, the little paper achieved so much of success that, at home, it pleased none of the enemies of our cause and was very gratifying to our friends, and abroad the children of intemperance cry for it, and hundreds of copies have been sent to order to every quarter of the compass, from Maine to "Kansas." To meet the expense of our paper we depend upon the advertising, and some friends of the cause who had nothing to advertise offered do- nations ol money, which were not refused. It remains to speak of our effort in the direction of the law. The details of our action and experience in this field have been given in the Temperance Extra at greater length than they can be here, but we must attempt a concise summary of its cause and course, and relate the sequel, for the occasion is memorable. The Secretary then gives the fact which has been al- ready alluded to here, viz : That the Mayor who was ' inaugurated in the last year had declined to enforce the prohibitory law, — and continues. In less than three months from his declaration, there were one hun- dred and twenty places where liquor was openly sold, and a demoral- ized social sentiment in regard to drinking had become conspicuous, which seemed to sympathize and keep pace with the official disregard of the law. . . . The Whig of February 4th stated that "there are more prisoners in the county jail bound over to await the action of the Grand Jury, than has been known for several years." By autumn of last year this condition of affairs was the frequent sub- ject of comment from our own citizens and from visitors, and protest and appeal against the nuUification of the prohibitory law welled up from the friends of temperance on every hand. In November the Union resolved to petition the Mayor and Aldermen to enforce the law according to the statutory commandment, and in December eight of our members, assisted by four friends, circulated' petitions to that effect for signatures of citizens. Nearly thirteen hundred men and women signed this petition, a large majority of them with heartfelt expressions of sorrow, shame, or indignation at his unchecked license of the drink-traffic in defiance of the State law, Our petition was presented to the Mayor and Aldermen in a special meeting January 23d, and arguments in its support offered by two mem- bers of the Union. No answer was given at that meeting of the Board, which was a small one, but another was appointed to consider whether the prayer should be granted or not. By invitation from the Mayor some of our members again appeared before the Board January 27th, and the principal argument was repeated. A strong body of political and oflicial supporters of the Mayor was in attendance. Having been warned that it would be well to have some friends there, the Union had invited a few temperance men to lend us the support of their presence. To the five who, by unimpeachable testimony, soundar- gument, keen and pertinent questioning, turned our Thermopylce into a Bunker Hill, — annihilation impending into a presage of victory, — the cause of temperance owes a debt not small nor soon to be forgot- ten. For, though the day's triumph was unquestionably on the side of the most Greeks, yet we do not fear to trust the discussion to the scru- tiny of the world, secure that where the personal popularity, pohtical drill, and official weight, which were so strong against us, are not felt, it will be conceded that our petition deserved success if it did not achieve it. And there is no permanent defeat to a right cause. After Bunker Hill, Yorktown. About a week after this "hearing" an official reply was made to the petition through the columns of the Whig, which, of course, was a denial of the request. It is pleasant to state that this reply was accompanied by a minority report of two Aldermen recommending that the petition be granted. If any one in future years should be called upon to continue this hasty story of the Bangor Union, for some other good book, God grant that the Secretary's prophecy may shine over the page as a triumphal announcement — "after Bunker Hill, Yorktown!" The Union's labors since the closing of its fourth year in June, 1880, must be concisely told, not only because our space is nearly exhausted, but because, though work has been carried on with diligence and fortitude not ex- ceeded in any previous years, yet much of it has been of such character as yields few finished and concrete re- sults for the reporter's pen. July I St Temperance Extra No. 3 was published, con- taining the annual report : Of public meetings, the first was the anniversary, observed in City Hall, on June isth; the others were an interesting lecture from Miss Lucia E. F. Kimball, of Chicago, in Hammond Street Congregational church, September 26th, on "The Necessity of a National Quarantine Against the Liquor Traffic ; " a temperance Bible reading at Union Street Methodist Episcopal church, November 21st; another at Essex Street Free-will Baptist church, November 28th; and a third at Brewer Methodist Episcopal church, held by invitation from its pastor, Decem- ber 19th. A parlor conference was also held with Miss Kimball, Sep- tember 27th, at which she organized the Young Women's Christian Temperance Union, which has held a few meetings for scientific read- ing, and given two successful entertainments for the public. In September we were cheered by the announcement that the Super- intending School Committee had voted the introduction of Richard- son's Temperance Lesson Book into the High-school. For this re- ward of our two years' perseverance, we gave thanks; and were encouraged, upon the publication of Miss Colman's "Alcohol and Hygiene," in November, to ask for its introduction into the Grammar schools as a text-book.' This request has not yet been complied with. But the work of this year which has most fully absorbed the hearts and energies of the Union, was a temperance coffee-house, which was opened early in January. There is opportunity enough for the saving mission of one of these beneficent institutions, though such an oppor- tunity as could only exist in our prohibitory State through the misgov- ernment of our rulers. We have room but for a flying glance at this work, with no details of its interesting and valuable experiences. A fund of $150 was given by friends of the cause for its starting, and the experiment was sus- tained for eight months with brave patience and an ever-growing con- viction of the blessed usefulness of such a work, and then closed Oc- tober ist, with the announcement to the public that it would not be re- opened in the same place, which was unfavorable, both for location and for rent. A recent letter from the Secretary sums it up as fol- lows: Although this period was too short to develop financial success out of our inexperience, and against many adverse influences, yet it Was long enough to dernonstrate the value and benefit to the cause of hav- ing a headquarters or bureau, known as a place where temperance in- fluences were always to be found ; and long enough to make a good be- ginning of the development of that essential idea that the respectable part of the community can effectually cripple, and eventually conquer, the liquor traffic, by withdrawing all business patronage from the trade, and that until such withdrawal is heartily entered upon, religious, legal, and educational suasions will still lack an ally necessary to suc- cess. We found a class of patrons, appreciably large and capable of exerting great influence, who were forbidden, either by taste or princi- ple, to patronize the rum shops while a temperance restaurant was svithin reach, and we found in the coffee-house an opportunity for the development and extension of this class. But though this work will continue to be needed for a long time, yet it is one that requires for its continuance a financial strength, or a business experience, which the Union could not furnish. But, in spite of this indefinite delay of cherished hopes, we think those who have thoughtfully read this sketch will believe with us that "the fire within which had never burned low" in 1877, will, in 1881, still warm and light these women of the Temperance Union; if to vic- tory, for the quickening of their hopes and endeavors, and the good of humanity; if to defeat, for the kindling 748 msTORY OF PENOBSCOt COUNTY, MAINE. of the new fervor and courage which defeat also inspires in the God-born soul of man, and the good to their fellow beings which disappointment and temporary de- feat only make more sure and glorious. women's christian temperance crusade.* When the women of the West lifted their voices in prayer and supplication to Almighty God for strength to go out and battle against the liquor traffic, the echoes of the conflict reached our own good State, stirring the hearts of many, and an earnest desire was felt to join forces against a demon who was filling our land with so much sin, misery, and shame. True, our own good State of Maine had a prohibition wall around it. Yet we knew the enemy had scaled the wall, battered down its gates, bringing in his emissaries, establishing them in dark places behind curtains ; day and night his work goes on, sending to a premature grave the most gifted, the brightest intellects of our land. At length a call was made to the women of Bangor to come forward and join hands in the work. From this movement a society, known as the Women's Christian Temperance Crusade, was formed, being the first of the kind in the State. The call was made in February. A permanent organ- ization was not effected until March 26, consisting of a President, Secretary, Treasurer, with a Vice-President from each church. Then commenced the work in ear- nest. A club of young men was formed during the summer, called the Crusade Club, to help the ladies in their work. This was of short duration, and rendered but Uttle serv- ice. In the meantime the Women's Crusade were visiting the police station, carrying hot coffee and the pledge, try- ing earnestly to induce these unfortunates, made so by the use of strong drink, to seek a higher and better life by signing the pledge. Their efforts in this direction met with good success, and many date their reform from that place of confine- ment. All places where liquors were sold were visited, and urgent appeals made for the discontinuance of the same. The city was thoroughly canvassed for signatures to the total abstinence pledge. Appeals to the churches for united effort met a favor- able response. Mass meetings were held in the largest halls, and they were filled to overflowing, hundreds sign- ing the pledge. For a time victory over the liquor traffic seemed an easy thing. Soon came a reaction. The zeal and enthusiasm seemed to give place to an indifference. It was not all sunshine for this band of women workers. They had much to encounter, many hard places to climb. Public speakers for their meetings were obtained with much difficulty, though the clergymen of some of the churches stood nobly by them through all. After mature deliberation they decided to take the platform themselves, and no more earnest or eloquent speakers could they find than were found in their own *By the favar of Mrs. S. J. Pickard, of the society. ranks, because their hearts were in the work. Meetings were held in the jail, books and papers freely distributed, and good results have followed this branch of the work. Families that were suffering through intemperance were visited, children clothed and made ready for the public and Sabbath-schools ; nothing was omitted or left out where Crusade work could be done. September following the Bangor Reform Club was or- ganized, which is so well known throughout our State as being the first of the kind ever formed. Dating their re- form to the Crusade work, they became an able ally to it. After the formation of the club the Crusade conceived the idea of a reading room for the benefit of the club, believing a room of this kind, furnished with good books and papers, and otherwise made attractive by pictures and little decorations to give a home-like appearance, would be a safeguard in the hour of temptation, besides placing in their hands good reading matter not otherwise obtained. With woman's energy this was accomplished, and December 25lh, same year, they presented to the Reform Club the free and exclusive use of two rooms for one year, as a Christmas gift, paying for the services of a janitor to take care of the rooms. Since the expiration of the first year the running ex- penses of these rooms have been equally borne by the Reform Club and the Crusade, always employing a jan- itor to take the care of the rooms. Five years ago a public prayer meeting was established in these rooms for every Sabbath evening, and is kept up at the present time with an increased interest, the rooms filled to their utmost capacity; and in no other meeting will you find more thoughtful, earnest Christian reliance on the Arm that is mighty to save than in the Sunday evening prayer meetings held in the Reforni Club Reading-roomB, Thus the work goes on. The same spirit is manifested by the Crusade in rescuing the "fallen" as at the com- mencement of the work. Public meetings are held at the City Hall weekly, also prayer and business meetings at the Reform Club Reading-rooms. But to estimate the work on the good results that follow, and have fol- lowed, one must visit the homes of those that have been rescued — saved from intemperance by this movement, and listen to the story from their own lips, witness the joy and happiness of families now living in comfort and peace, where once all was want, darkness, and misery. Work on, nor think of rest, Though dark and drear the way may be. This is God's holy mission work, And He will comfort thee. Reach down, though filth and rags are there, Art better than God's Holy Son, Who touched the leper's unclean robe And victory won? THE BANGOR REFORM CLUB. This is another of the temperance societies growing out of the great movement of 1874, during which (Sep- tember 10) it was organized. It was incorporated De- cember 28th of that year. It had a membership of 246 at the close of its sixth year, and 84 members were added during the next twelve months. Receipts during the financial year 1879.80 $848.18, expenditures, $7Si.- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 749 79. In 1880.81, $461.76 and $525.36. Mr. Christo- pher A. Page, of the County Treasurer's office, is President of this meeting ; Samuel L. Stevens, Secretary and Treas- urer. There are about seven other temperance societies in Bangor, including those attached to the Catholic churches and the reform orders. The following notes are kindly supplied by Deacon Duren; Bangor Temperance Society, organized in 1828; Ban- gor Division of the Sons of Temperance, No. 14, insti- tuted December 26, 1857; Independent Order of Good Templars, Union Lodge No. 3, instituted 1861; Floral Lodge No. 19, August 22, 1862; Pharos Temple of Honor, instituted June 28, 1866; Templars of Honor and Temperance, Honora Council, No. 3, instituted June s, 1867; Crystal Social Temple, No. i, instituted February 7, 1879. B. H. BEALE POST, NO. 12, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. This society, now one of the strongest, wealthiest, and most flourishing in the State, was chartered January 6, 1868, early in the history of the Order in this State. Its original members were John F. Appleton, A. B. Farn- ham, Charles Hamlin, C. L. and S. H. Downes, E. E. Small, W. H. S. Lawrence, M. H. Andrews, W. H. H. Wilson, J. A. Fairbanks, G. A. Bolton, John H. Neal, A. L. Chick, M. P. Nickerson, A. L. Spencer, John D. Cowley, S. W. Thaxter, Jasper Hatchings, George Web- ster, Daniel White, George Fuller, D. C. Morrill, Eugene Sanger, W. H. Pritchard, George Varney — twenty-five. The first corps of officers mustered as follows ; General Daniel White, Post Commander ; General Charles Hamlin, Senior Vice-Commander ; Colonel Au- gustus C. Hamlin, Junior Vice-Commander ; Lieutenant Horace M. Wing, Adjutant ; Sergeant Melville P. Nicker- son, Quartermaster ; Colonel E. F. Sanger, Surgeon ; Ser- geant W. H. S. Lawrence, Officer of the Day ; George E. Stewart, Officer of the Guard ; Otis Gilmore, Chap- lain; W. H. H. Wilson, Quartermaster Sergeant. The following-named constitute the roll of Post Com- manders from the beginning: Daniel White, 1868 j George Varney 1868-9; B. H. Beale, 1869; D. C. Morrill, 1869-70; Edward E. Small, 1870, Jasper Hutchings, 1870; Charles Hamlin, 1871; Edward E. Small, 1872; J. F. Godfrey, 1872; Herman Bartlett, 1873; Rufus P. Peakes, 1874; John W. Torrens, 1875; Augustus C. Hamlin, 1875-9; A. B. Farn- ham, 1880; Christopher V. Grossman, 1881. The Post had its first hall in the third story of the Ex- change Block. It then moved into the upper floors of Strickland's building, and finally into the third story of Dow's Block, where its elegantly appointed rooms are now situated. It has about 276 members. Memorial • Day (April 30) has been regularly observed by it every year since its organization; and also the Fourth of July, whenever the city has a celebration. It made a conspic- uous figure in the demonstration upon the visit of President Grant to the city, at the opening of the Euro- pean & North American Railway. December 6, 1881, a notable fair was opened at Nor- ombega Hall for the benefit of the Post. It continued several days, and was a great success, netting a handsome sum to the treasury. BANGOR HISTORICAL SOCIETY. This society was incorporated in 1864. On May 3, 1864, it was organized. Hon. Elijah L. Hamlin was elected its first President; Rev. Charles Carroll Everett, now Professor in Harvard College, Vice-President; Rev. Samuel Harris, late President of Bowdoin College, now Professor in Yale College, Corresponding Secretary; E. F. Duren, Recording Secretary; Isaiah Stetson, ex-Mayor of Bangor, Treasurer. The society has some collections in its cabinet. It has not been very active since Presi- dent Hamlin's decease. It has had two meetings the past year, at one of which several papers of interest were read. It promises more activity in the future. The offi- cers now are: John E. Godfrey, President; E. F. Duren, Recording Secretary; Rev. Professor John S. Sewall, Corresponding Secretary; Dr. Thomas U. Coe, Treasu- rer; Hon. Edward B. Nealley, Oliver H. Ingalls, Esq., Henry Gale, Esq., Frank H. Clergue, Esq., Captain H. N. Fairbanks, Executive Committee. THE BANGOR BOARD OF TRADE and Manufactures was organized at a meeting of citizens of Bangor and Brewer, held in the former place April i, 1872, of which Mayor Wheelwright was Chairman. Its objects are in general similar to those of Boards of Trade in other cities. The Board was chartered in 1878. Its first officers were: Moses Giddings, President; B. F. Tefft, Secretary; S. C. Hatch, Treasurer; Reuben S. Prescott, Charles Hayward, Thomas N. Egery, E. R. Stockwell, J. C. White, J. S. Wheelwright, Andrew Wig- gin, John Holyoke, Vice-Presidents; G. W. Merrill, Franklin Muzzy, M. Schwartz, C. W. Roberts, H. B. Williams, C. B. Brown, J. S. Jenness, I. M. Bragg, and David Bugbee, Executive Committee. The Bangor Board of Trade and Manufactures was merged in the Bangor Board of Trade, re-organized January 13, 1879; R. S. Prescott, President; J. D. Warren, Secretary. It has met with tolerable regularity, and in 1879 published a volume of statistics and other information, which still possesses considerable value. THE BANGOR BOARD OF UNDERVi^RITERS was organized November 18, 1867; D. M. Howard, President. Re-organized as the Bangor Board of Fire Underwriters, May 7, 1872; J. S. Chadwick, President; Charles P. Wiggin, Secretary of both Boards to the pres- ent time. The Bangor Board of Marine Underwriters, organized in 1872. THE BANGOR FUEL SOCIETY was organized for the purpose of furnishing relief to the suffering poor, December, 1835. Eighty-seven citizens subscribed a fund for that winter of almost $400. It has since continued its work by annual contribution, and has distributed fuel to the value of about $26,000 to October, 1881. THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS was organized April, 1869, with 150 members, and has 15° HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. done a good work with other associations, in correcting all abuses coming within the statute, and is still at work. SUNDRY ASSOCIATIONS AND SECRET ORDERS.* The Bangor Female Charitable Society was organized in 1820; the Corban Society, in 1825; Bangor Band, 1859; St. John's Band, 1877; Bangor Horticultural So- ciety, 1868; Bangor Art Association, 1875. Masonic— Rising Virtue Lodge, No. 10, organized in Hampden, September 16, 1802; Elisha Skinner, first Master. In 1808 it was removed to Bangor. Mount Moriah Chapter, R. A. M., No. 7, was chartered January 18, 1827. Bangor Coiincil of Royal and Select Masons, No. 5, chartered June 28, 1848. St. John's Comman- dery. Knights Templars, chartered September 17, 1850. St. Andrew's Lodge, No. 83, chartered February 6, 1856. DeBouillon Conclave, No. 2, Knights of the Red Cross of Constantine, instituted May 5, 1875. I. O. O. F. — Katahdm Encampment, No. 4, chartered September, 1844; Penobscot Lodge, No. 7, organized February 15, 1844. Oriental Lodge, No. 60, organized 1851. Knights of Pythias. — Norombega Lodge, No. 5, or- ganized April 24, 1872. Royal Arcanum. — Bangor Council, No. 123, instituted July 18, 1878. Knights of Honor. — Bayard Lodge, No. 294, instituted May 31, 1876. The Hibernian Mutual Benevolent Association was organized February 24, 1867. * From the notes of Mr. E. F, Duren. CHAPTER XXXV. THE WATER WORKS.' Legislative Authority— Act Accepted by the People— The First Board of Water Commissioners— Report of the Engineer— Report of the Board— Estimates— Contract with the Holly Manufacturing Com- pany—Location at Treat's Falls— The Work Begun— Progress to January i8, 1876— To January i, 1877— Completion of the Works- Operations of 1877-78— Of 1879-80— Of 1880-81. The act of Legislature, for supplying the city of Ban- gor with water, was approved by Governor Dingley Feb- ruary 22, 1875. Its first section provides that "the city of Bangor is hereby authorized to take, hold, and convey into, about, and through the city of Bangor, from any point in Penobscot River that may be deemed expedient, between the foot of Treat's Falls, in Bangor, and the head of McMahon's Falls, in Veazie, water sufficient for the use of said city and the inhabitants thereof, for the ex- tinguishment of fires, domestic uses, and creating steam; and may flow, take, and hold, b y purchase or otherwise, * Important aid has been derived in the preparation of this sketch from the documentaty History of the Bangor Water-works, published by the Water Board in 1877. any lands or real estate for laying and maintaining aque- ducts or pipes for conducting, discharging, disposing of, and distributing water, and for constructing and maintain- ing reservoirs, dams, and such other works as may be deemed necessary or proper for raising, forcing, retain- ing, distributing, discharging, or disposing of said water, and for the erection ot any works for said purposes, and for sinking wells or naaking excavations for the filtration of water." By the amendments of 1876 the clause in this section reading " for the extinguishment of fires, domestic uses, and creating steam," was struck out, and the words, " for all municipal and dornestic uses," were inserted. The city is authorized to erect and maintain a dam across the river of not more than twelve feet high above mean high tide, for the retention of water for these speci- fied purposes. Bonded or script indebtedness of the city might be created, for the- exercise of the powers granted by the act, to the amount of $350,000 ; any bonds issued to be made payable in thirty years from their date, with interest at six per cent, per annum, pay- able semi-annually. The provisions of the act, so far as the water-service is concerned, might be extended to the town of Brewer, with the assent of its inhabitants at any legally called meeting. March 8 of the same year, at the regular annual mu- nicipal election in Bangor, the provisions of the act were accepted by the people by a vote of 2,776 yeas to 79 nays. Eight days thereafter, at the request of the Water Board, $1,000 were appropriated at a special meeting of the City Council for a preliminary survey of the site pro- posed in the act lor the location of the water-works. Messrs. George Stetson, Gorham L. Boynton, and Luther H. Eaton, had been designated in the act as the original Board of Water Commissioners, to hold office respectively, in the order named, three, four, and five years. On the 4th of May, 1875, however, Mr. Boynton resigned in a modest note, and the City Council unani- mously chose Mr. William T. Pearson to fill the vacancy. Mr. Eaton, of the Board, was designated as the Engi- neer of the works. On the 17th of March, with a suffi- cient corps of assistants and laborers, he began the pre- liminary survey contemplated by the action of the Common Council the day before; and in his first report to the Board, submitted June 3, he said; These examinations embraced five separate and distinct points, namely: At Treat's Falls; at Spratt's Point, so called; at Webster's Point; at Howard's Ledge, and at the Orcutt Pitch, so called. The three first were made thoroughly, embracing quite a large area of the river bottom ; the two last to a more limited extent. The results of these surveys have been presented to you in the form of plan and pro- files for your consideration. An examination by a Une of proved levels was made of the height of the apron of the Veazie mills above mean high tide at Webster's Point, and was found to be twelve feet and three inches. The height of mean tides may be found, upon a more extended observation, to vary somewhat from that assumed at this time; but not largely. The height of the water in the mill pond was found to be twemy-four feet above mean high tides; this was previ- ous to any rise having taken place in the river from spring rains or melting snows. The height of the track of the European & North American Railway, at Webster's Point, was found to be seventeen feet and four inches; at Treat's Falls, nineteen feet and four inches above the mean high tides. The elevation of Mount Hope Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Monument, was found to be thirty-seven feet, and the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 751 traveled road in Brewer, across the flats, from eighteen feet and nine inches to twenty-three feet above jnean high tides, with but a short dis- tance of the lowest elevation; not taking into consideration a distance of about one hundred feet, where a small brook crosses — iri that it was found to average about ten feet. In view of these ascertained, facts, it is the opinion of your engineer that a dam may be erected eight feet above the indicated mean high tide, without sensibly injuring the power at the Veazie mills, or flowing to an injurious extent the land of proprietors upon the river above the dam. His report was in favor of Webster's Point as present- ing "the best physical features for a site for a dam." Twenty-three and three-fourths acres of land would there be available for further development of the works and water-power, against thirteen and one-fourth at Treat's Falls or Spratt's Point. He thought that the dam could be erected here, with head-gates, sluice, and fish-way, and race-way for pumping house, complete, for $150,000. At the same date — June 3, 1865 — the Water Board re- ported to the City Council, giving also their opinion that "the site at. the Webster farm is the most eligible." The President of the Holly Manufacturing Company, at Lockport, New York, and Mr. Holly himself, added their judgment in favor of this site. This company offered to construct and furnish everything necessary for the intro- duction of the water into the city, except the dam or power for working the pumps, for $195,000; and on the 15th of July a contract was closed with it for buildings, machinery, piping, etc., in accordance with a resolve passed June 30, . expressing as "the sense of the City Council of Bangor, that the Water Commissioners pro- ceed at once to contract for a system of water works, and also for the erection of a dam, not to exceed twelve feet above mean high tide, and do all other things necessary to be done for the purpose of supplying the city with water for municipal purposes." Colonel J. T. Fanning, an hydraulic engineer, who had been employed to put in the water-works at Man- chester, New Hampshire, was engaged to assist Engineer Eaton in making plans and estimates; "and his practical experience," says the Board in its first report, "was of great service in making an estimate of the expense and for laying the pipes, etc." Mr. Emery, a practical builder of dams, and constructor of those at Waterville and Augusta, was induced to come to Bangor and submit his opinion of the best method of constructing the dam here, and estimate of the expense, The wooden dam constructed by him at Waterville was personally inspect- ed by one of the Board. A majority of the Board, ac- companied by one of the Aldermen of the city, subse- quently made a tour of inspection to the water-works of a number of the Eastern cities — specially, it would seem, to compare the two systems of supply, by gravitation and by direct force, as in the Holly system. Their decision was reported June 30, in favor of the latter. Colonel Fanning's estimate of the cost of introduction of the water, through about seventeen miles of main and street-piping, but not including the dam or power to operate the pumps, was $270,000. Mr. Eaton estimated the cost of dam, shore connections, wing-dams, head- gates, flumes, and fish-ways, at $150,000; Mr. Emery of the dam alone at $85,050.97. Both plans contemplated a dam built of timber, filled entirely with stones, making a solid mass of timber and stone, with boiler-plate iron on top for protection against ice and other drift, and constructed in a most thorough manner for strength and durability, having stone and masonry at the shore con- nections, where exposed to decay. The Board accord- ingly reported the entire first cost, of the works as likely to reach $450,000. It was further estimated that the average annual receipts from water-rates the first four years would be $27,931.68, or 6.2 per cent, upon the total cost of construction. In preparation for the beginning of the work, the Water Power Company already existing in Bangor agreed to transfer its franchise to the city, and the owners of a large part of the shores and adjacent grounds on both sides of the river near the proposed site of the dam, made a donation of all necessary lands and shores that might be required for the works or for the sites of mills and manufactories at the dam. June 5, 1875, another appropriation was made by the City Council, of $t,ooo for the further prosecution of the survey, and a loan of the city's credit to the amount of $350,000 — all that was allowed by the act — was authorized. It was finally determined to adopt the site at Treat's Falls, which is nearer to the city than Webster's Point, allowing some economy in the use of main-pipe, and pro- viding, it was thought, a better site for a pumping-house. Operations in pr^aration for the site of the buildings were here begun promptly by the Holly Company, and a contract was made with a Philadelphia house for the full amount of pipe required. This was delayed in manufact- ure and transmission, and did not arrive until late in November. Upon arrival of the first cargo, trenching and pipe-laying in the streets were begun. The verbal pledges of the company that Bangor laborers would be employed, were faithfully kept, as also all written parts of the contract. By the i8th of January, 1876, 76,672 feet of main and smaller pipe had been laid, leaving but 279 feet under the contract to be put down. An additional order had been given the company, however, for 14,450 feet of pipe, of which 11,349 had been laid, or 88,021 (over six- teen and three-fifths miles) in all. The whole contract amount would have been laid before the ground froze hard, had the pipe been delivered by the time agreed in Philadelphia — ^the isth of October. About one-half of the dam had been finished, except, gravelling. The shore approaches, constructed of heavy stone masonry, were nearly finished on both sides of the river. Another dam-builder, William A. P. Richardson, of Turner's Falls, Massachusetts, had been engaged upon this work from the beginning, to much advantage. The entire length of the dam was to give nine hundred feet of over-fall, with a sluice or roll-way for the passage of boats, rafts, logs, or other lumber, as required by the act of the Legislature. The works were sufficiently advanced to be in full op- peration night and day, with four plunge-pumps. They were so far operated by steam, awaiting the use of the 752 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. water-wheels. The Board had received $287,001, of which $285,000 were realized by the sale of the city bonds; and had expended $274,648.47, of which $180,- 036.72 had been paid to the Holly Company. The Board reported an additional estimate of $50,000 for necessary parts of the work, making the total cost half a million of dollars. In accordance with this and other recommendations of the Board, an act was procured at the pending session of the Legislature (approved February 11, 1876) to amend the act of 1875, and accepted by the people by a vote of 2,449 to 129. It authorized the raising of $500,000 upon the credit of the city, for the purposes of the works, and made other important changes, including the limitation of the term of service of the original Board of Commis- sioners to the ist of January, 1877. At that time Messrs. Stetson, Pearson, and Eaton made their final report, in which they say : The works contemplated at the outset, viz., the supplying of the city with water through a series of pipes by means of direct pumping, has been accomplished, and tested to a strain on the entire system e ual to a gravitation pressure of four hundred and sixty feet in height, and has now been in operation for a year, driven by the steam engine purchased of the Holly Manufacturing Company as a reserve in case of accident to the water-wheels, or that from clogging with anchor ice they may be rendered temporarily inefficient. The dam has been completed, with the exception of the fishway now in process of construction on the Brewer end ; this will require some six weeks more to complete. The sluice or roll-way provided for the passage of rafts and lumber was found from defective plan to work badly, and in the high freshet of last fall was injured to such an extent that it has been found necessary to reconstruct a large portion of it'. This work is ndiv about to be com- menced, and it is hoped that the repairs will be completed before the rise of the river consequent upon the spring rains. The Board of Com- missioners found themselves unable to agree upon the proper manner to construct this roll-way, and called to aid them at arriving at the best plan iipon which to build it, such of our citizens and others as were supposed to have practical knowledge of sluices, mainly lumber mer- chants, millmen, and raftsmen, together with the master workman upon the dam ; and after listening to various propositions, instructed the master workman or dam builder to construct the roll-way as in his judgment, after giving due consideration to the various suggestions of the persons consulted, would best serve the purpose for which it was intended. This resulted as above stated, unsatisfactorily. The fish-way is being built on plans furnished by the State Com- missioners under authority vested in them by the statutes of the State, and is believed to be well adapted to the very important interest it is in- tended to subserve. The expense of the structure has been very ma- terially increased in consequence of being obliged to construct it at the inclement season of the year in which it is being built, resulting in a large degree from delays forced upon the Board of Commissioners by action of parties beyond their control, delaying the resumption of work upon the dam some four to six weeks after the proper season has ar- rived to recommence; since the resumption of the work it has been pushed vigorously with all the force that could be economically em- ployed. The pump-room is now being prepared for heating by steam, which will be accomplished in a few days, when the use of steam as a motor will be dispensed with, and the water wheels, which are now ready, will be used instead; a low pressure of steam will be maintained upon one of the boilers sufficient for heating purposes only. The capacity of the cylinder pumps is three million gallons in twenty- four hours, though they may be driven to a much larger performance than that in case of exceptional demand for water. The capacity of the rotary is sixteen gallons per revolution, and with the wheels running at a rate of speed to supply with the cylinder pumps three million gallons per day, this would give about two million five hundred thousand gal- lons in twenty-four hours additional, or in other words it has a capacity of about five-sixths of the cylinder pumps. The pressure maintained at the pumps when the wheels are attached will be ordinarily one hundred and ten pounds per square inch, which is sufficient for domestic service upon the highest ground in the city, and affords abundant pressure for fire purposes in the lower and business porticos of the city. There has been /ound no lack of power at any time to meet the sudden emergencies from fires; and in no instance has fire been allowed to spread from the building in which it has taken, and in only one instance has a building been burned to the ground. . . The filter, originally designed to be a single chamber fifteen feet wide by one hundred and fifty feet long, was eiilarged to one of two cham- bers, each twelve and one-half feet wide by one hundred and fifty feet long, with a separate room for section chamber of twelve and one-half feet wide by forty feet long, and so arranged that one chamber may be closed and drained for cleansing, leaving the other in service; so that there need be no resort to unfiltered water. This entailed an additional expense of about $3,000 The dwelling, which is being finished off over the machinery-room of the wheel-house, for the occupancy of the engineer and his assistant, will be ready to be occupied about the ist of April, and will afford a commodi- ous tenement. The original contract with the Holly Company for piping had been much enlarged, and pipes had also been laid by the Commissioners; so 20.541 miles of main- and sewer-pipe were now down. Twenty-two more hydrants had been set than were in the original plan. The drink- ing-fountain had been erected on the southerly approach to the post-oflfice, and two other fountains, for man and beast, were on hand, but not set. The total cost of the work so far was $447,022.66, of which the Holly Com- pany had been paid, upon its contract and for extra serv- ice, $196,126.58. It was thought that $40,000 more would complete the works. Water-rates to the amount of $4,325 had been paid into the city treasury. In the official year 1878-79 1,782 feet of mains were added to the facilities of the works. Services to the number of 1,058 were taken by the people in 1877-78, and i,224in 1878-79. In December, 1878, the dam was injured by the ice during a freshet, and an appropriation of $8,000 was made the next year to repair it and to build a new log-sluice. Only $5,473.28 were expended at the time, however. In the fiscal year 1879-80 $14,928.65 were realized from the water-service, against $13,325.04 the previous year. One thousand nine hundred and one feet of main pipe had been laid, and one new hydrant set, with twenty- five additional services. In 1878-79 260,544,130 gallons were pumped during the year, being a daily average of 713,819. In 1879-80 a total of 240,099,860 gallons was pumped, and in 1880- 81 370,651,782, or an average per day of 1,015,484. On some days more than 1,500,000 gallons were used. One hundred and ten service-pipes were added the latter year, making an aggregate of 1,458, which earned $25,855.87 to the credit of the works. Two piers and an abutment were built this year, at a cost of $974.81. The engines of the Maine Central Railroad were now supplied by the Holly water. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 753 CHAPTER XXXVI. CIVIL LIST OF BANGOR. Officers of the City for 1834-35— For 1835-36 — 1836-37 — 1837-38 — —1838-39 — 1839-40 — 1840-41 — 1841-42 — 1842-43 — 1843-44 — 1844- 45 — 1845-46 — 1846-47 — 1847-48 — 1848-49 — 1849-50 — 1850-51 — 1851-52 —1852-53 -1853-54-1854-55-1855-56—1856-57—1857-58 —1858-59 — 1859-60 — 1860-61 — 1861-62 — 1862-63 — 1863-64—1864- 65-1865-66 — 1866-67 — 1867-68 — 1868-69 — 1869-70— 1870-71 — 1871-72 — 1872-73—1873-74 — 1874-75 — 1875-76—1876-77 — 1877-78 —1878-79— 1879-80— 1880-81-1881-82— A List of Mayors— Post- masters of Bangor — Collectors of Customs. The following is a complete, and it is believed an accurate roll of the chief ofificers of the city, from the date of its incorporation to the present time. We are indebted for the material portions of it to a compilation published by the city in a neat pamphlet in 1881. 1834-35. Mayor, Allen Oilman. Aldermen: Asa Davis, Moses Patten, Samuel Call, John Wilkins, John Fiske, John Brown, Frederick Wingate; City Clerk, Charles Rice. Common Council: President, Solomon Parsons; Clerk, John S. Sayward; Ward r, Abner Taylor, Anthony Woodward, Solomon Parsons; Ward 2, Wiggins Hill, Timothy Call, Jonathan C. Taylor; Ward 3, George W. Pickering, Samuel Lowder, Elisha H. Allen; Ward 4, John Legro, Jr., Thomas Finson, Joseph Abbott; Ward 5, George Wellington, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent; Ward 6, Paul R. Barker, Bradford Harlow, Messenger Fisher; Ward 7, Eben French, second, Charles G. Bryant, P. D. Parsons. James Crosby, Treasurer; Newell Bean, Collector; Edward K.ent, City Solicitor; Ebenezer French, City Marshal; Benjamm Young, Jr., Harbor Master. Municipal Court: Charles Stetson, Judge; Reuben S. Prescott, Pv.ecorder. 1835-36. Mayor, Allen Gilraan. Aldermen: Henry Call, Moses Patten, William Abbott, John Wilkins, John Fiske, John Brown, Samuel Veazie; City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Council: President, Edward Kent; Clerk, Charles G. Bryant; Ward i, Charles Hayes, Jesse Wentworth, Rufus K. Cushing; Ward 2, John Barker, Jonathan C. Taylor, Timothy Crosby; Ward 3, Henry A. Head, Edmund Dole, Samuel Garnsey; Ward 4, John Godfrey, John Sargent, John R. Greenough; Ward 5, Nathan B. Wiggin, Edward Kent, Abner R. Hallowell; Ward 6, Franklin Muzzy, Bradford Harlow, Horatio Beale; Ward 7, Samuel Sylvester, C. H. Forbes, Marcena Johnson. James Crosby, Treasurer; John Lancey, Col- lector; Edward Kent, City Solicitor; William Emerson, Marshal; John Ham, Street Commissioner. 1836-37. Mayor, Edward Kent. Aldermen: Henry Call, Cyrus Goss, William Abbott, Ezra Patten, Nathan B. Wiggin, Samuel J. Foster, Preserved B. Mills. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Council: Charles Hayes, President ; Charles G. Bryant, Clerk ; Ward I, Charles Ramsdell, HoUis Bowman, Charles • Hayes ; Ward z, Willis Patten, John Meservey, Abner Taylor ; Ward 3, Moses L. Appleton, James Perkins, Camillus Kidder; Ward 4, Samuel Wiley, Newell Bean, Stevens Davis ; Ward 5, Hayward Peirce, Abner R. Hallowell, John Brown; Ward 6, Bradford Harlow, Nathan Perry, Ebenezer French ; Ward 7, Simon Nowell, Charles H. Shepard, William Lowder. 95 Ford Whitman, Treasurer; John Lancey, Collector ; William Abbott, City Solicitor ; William Emerson, Mar- shal ; John Brown, Street Commissioner. 1837-38. Mayor, Edward Kent. Aldermen: Charles Hayes, Cyrus Goss, George W. Pickering, John Wilkins, Nathaniel French, Bradford Harlow, Samuel L. Valen- tine. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Council: Hollis Bowman, President; William E. P. Rogers, Clerk; Ward I, Isaac S. Whitman, Hollis Bowman, Charles Cooper; Ward 2, Joseph Kendrick, Camillus Kidder, Benjamin Tainler ; Ward 3, John A. Poor, Richard Con- don, Gamaliel Marchant ; Ward 4, John Godfrey, John R. Greenough, Thomas Finson ; Ward 3, Andrew W. Hasey, Henry Little, Robert Boyd ; Ward 6, Nathan Perry, Ebenezer French, Caleb B. Holmes; Ward 7, John Short, Samuel Thatcher, Jr., Nathaniel Lord. John Wilkins, Treasurer ; John Lancey, Collector ; Wil- liam Abbott, City Solicitor ; William Emerson, second. Marshal ; Richard Condon, Street Commissioner ; Pres- cott P. Holden, Harbor Master. 1838-39. Mayor, Rufus Dwinel. Aldermen: Charles Hayes, Camillus Kidder, Warren Preston, John R. Greenough, Nathaniel French, Bradford Harlow, Fred- erick Hobbs. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Council: William Payne, President; William E. P. Rogers, Clerk ; Ward i, Charles Cooper, Cyrus Arnold, Theophilus B. Thompson; Ward 2, Joseph Kendrick, Augustus J. Brown, George Savage; Ward 3, Charles Brown, William Bartlett, Jr., William H. Foster; Ward 4, Nathaniel Hatch, Richard Condon, Benjamin Young; Ward 5, Henry Little, Timothy H. Morse, William Paine; Ward 6, Ebenezer French, Caleb B. Holmes, Nathan Perry; Ward 7, Nahum Warren, William P. Wingate, Benjamin S. Dean. Nathaniel Lord, Treas- urer;' Hollis Bowman, Collector; William Paine, City Solicitor; William Emerson, second. Marshal; Richard Condon, Street Commissioner; Prescott P. Holden, Harbor Master. 1839-40. Mayor, J. Wingate Carr. Aldermen: James Crosby, Cyrus Goss, Peleg Chandler, John Wil- kins, Paul R. Barker, Bradford Barlow, Samuel L. Val- entine. City Clerk, John S. Sayward. Common Coun- cil: Isaac S. Whitman, President; William E. P. Rog- ers, Clerk; Ward i, Samuel Veazie, Isaac S. Whitman, Preserved B. Mills; Ward 2, Jefferson Cushing, Walter Brown, Albert Holton; Ward 3, William H. Foster, George Fitts, David Hill; Ward 4, Samuel H. Dale, Samuel Morison, Theodore S. Brown; Ward 5, Nathan B. Wiggin, John McLaughlin, Eleazer C. Baker; Ward 6, Nathan Perry, Henry Lovejoy, Daniel Stone; Ward 7, William P. Wingate, Matthew S. Randall, Prescott P. Holden. Nathaniel Lord, Treasurer; Hollis Bowman, Collector; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor; Samuel Nelson, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; P. P. Holden, Harbor Master. 1840-41. Mayor, J. Wingate Carr. Aldermen: James Crosby, William Emerson, Davi'd Perham, John Wilkins, Joshua W. Hathaway, Bradford Harlow, George Wheel- wright. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Coun- cil : Isaac S. Whitman, President ; John W. Snow, Clerk; 754 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Ward I, Isaac S. Whitman, Cyrus Arnold, Preserved B. Mills ; Ward 2, Henry Call, Theodore B. Mclntyre, Jo- seph Stewart ; Ward 3, Henry B. Farnham, Albert Dole, David Hill ; Ward 4, Samuel H. Dale, John E. Godfrey, Andrew Eveleth ; Ward 5, Eleazer C. Baker, Timothy H. Morse, Benjamin C. Campbell; Ward 6, Nathan Perry, Messenger Fisher, Josiah Towle ; Ward 7, Nor- man Smith, Samuel P. Dresser, William P. Wingate. Isaac S. Whitman, Treasurer ; Hollis Bowman, Collect- or ; J onas Cutting, City Solicitor ; Samuel Nelson, Mar- shal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner ; Samuel H. Dale, Harbor Master. 1841-42. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. Aldermen : James Crosby, Isaac Farrar, David Perham, John Wil- kins, Jonas Cutting, Nathan Perry, George Wheelwright. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Council : Wil- liam Paine, President ; George W. Snow, Clerk ; Ward I, Isaac S. Whitman, William Paine, John Sargent, Jr.; Ward 2, Theodore B. Mclntyre, John Hodgdon, Jeffer- son Gushing ; Ward 3, Albert Dole, Henry B. Farnham, Samuel F. Fuller; Ward 4, Andrew Eveleth, Allen Haines, Alvin Haynes; Ward 5, Japheth Oilman, Asa Walker, Amos M. Roberts ; Ward 6, Josiah Towle, Mes- senger Fisher, William Hammatt ; Ward 7, George A. Thatcher, Charles A. Thaxter, Nahum Warren. Gus- tavus G. Cushman, Judge Police Court ; Hollis Bow- man, Treasurer and Collector ; Jonas Cutting, City So- licitor ; Samuel Nelson, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner ; Samuel H. Dale, Harbor Master. 1842-43. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. Aldermen : James Crosby, John Hodgdon, David Perham, Alvin Haynes, Amos M. Roberts, Nathan Perry, Benjamin S. Deane. John S. Sayward, City Clerk. Common Coun- cil : Allen Haines, President ; George W. Snow, Clerk ; Ward I, John McLaughlin, James Jenkins, John Sar'gent, Jr.; Ward 2, Joseph Steward, Ivory Small, John Meser- vey; Ward 3, Charles Hayward, Jabez True, John O. Kendrick ; Ward 4, Allen Haines, John W. Garnsey, Jonas Ames ; Ward 5, Asa Walker, Japheth Oilman, Syl- vanus Rich, Jr.; Ward 6, William Hammatt, Joseph Bry- ont, Josiah Towle ; Ward 7, William P. Wingate, George K. Jewett, Matthew S. Randall. Hollis Bowman, Treas- urer and Collector ; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor ; Sam- uel Nelson, Marshal and Harbor Master; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner. 1843-44. Mayor, Bradford Harlow. Aldermen : James Jenkins, Otis Small, Jacob Drummond, Gorham L. Boynton, Amos M. Roberts, Nathan Perry, John S. Chadwick. ?.ichard F. Webster, City Clerk. Common Council : Charles Stetson, President; George W. Snow, Clerk; Ward i, Nathaniel Lord, Robert R. Haskins, Preserved B. Mills ; Ward 2, John Meservey, George W. Cummings, George W. Ingersoll ; Ward 3, Charles Hay- ward, John True, Benjamin Swett ; Ward 4, Alvah Os- good, Alvin Haynes, Samuel Wiley ; Ward 5, Sylvanus Rich, Jr., Samuel P. Strickland, Charles Stetson ; Ward 6, William Hammatt, Ebenezer T. Fox, Ansel Leighton ; Ward 7, William P. Wingate, George K. Jewett, Mark Trafton. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Collector; John Appleton, City Solicitor ; Edmund Holt, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner ; Israel Snow, Health Officer and Harbor Master. 1844-45. Mayor, Jacob Drummond. Aldermen: George W. Ingersoll, William Emerson, Charles Hay- ward, Solomon Parsons, Sylvanus W. Robinson, Joseph Bryant, Benjamin S. Deane. Richard F. Webster, City Clerk. Common Council : John S. Sayward, President; George W. Snow, Clerk; Ward r, Nathaniel Lord, Wil- liam S. Mitchell, Robert R. Haskins; Ward 2, Albert Holton, George Savage, William A. Blake; Ward 3, Jo- seph W. Boynton, Henry V. Poor, John Decrow; Ward 4, Jonas Ames, Hastings Strickland, Alvin Haynes; Ward 5, Sylvanus Rich, Jr., Ezra Jewell, John M. Lander; Ward 6, John S. Sayward, Thomas Drew, James R. Ma- comber; Ward 7, Matthew S. Randall, Prescott P. Hol- den, Asa Walker. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Col- lector; George W. Ingersoll, City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- sioner; Israel Snow, Health Officer and Harbor Master. 1845-46. Mayor, Joseph Bryant. Aldermen: Sam- uel Veazie, William A. Blake, George Fitts, Francis M. Sabine, Alexander Drummond, Ebenezer T. Fox, Ben- jamin S. Deane ; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Com- mon Council : John S. Sayward, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, William Paine, William S. Mitch- ell, Samuel Hyde; Ward 2, Jonathan S. Gushing, George W. Savage, Silas C. Hatch; Ward 3, Joseph W. Boyn- ton, William H. Mills, Henry V. Poor; Ward 4, James Smith, John Legro, Arthur M. Higgins; Ward 5, Thomas H. Sanford, Hiram Jones, Robert R. Haskins; Ward 6. James R. Macomber, Elijah Low, Jr., John S. Sayward;. Ward 7, Nahum Warren, Asa Walker, Frederick H. Dillingham. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Collector; Albert G. Wakefield City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, Marshal, Health Officer, and Harbor Master; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner. 1846-47. Mayor, Joseph Bryant. Aldermen: James Crosby, William A. Blake, Albert Dole, Alvin Haynes, Alexander Drummond, Ebenezer T. Fox, Nahum War- ren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council ; Samuel P. Strickland, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward I, William S. Mitchell, John Short, John M. Fos- ter; Ward 2, Silas C. Hatch, George W. Savage, Lemuel Bradford; Ward 3, Joseph W. Boynton, John McDonald, William H. Mills; Ward 4, Amos Jones, Arthur M. Hig- gins, Allen Haines; Ward 5, Sylvanus Rich, Jr., Thomas H. Sanford, Lewis Hancock; Ward 6, James R. Macom- ber, Waldo T. Pierce, Ichabod E. Leighton; Ward 7, Marcus Ricker, John Hooper, Erastus S. Deane. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Solicitor; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, Marshal and Health Officer; George W. Savage, Street Commissioner; Israel Snow, Harbor Master. 1847-48. Mayor, Charles Hayward. Aldermen: James Crosby, William A. Blake, John McDonald, George Wellington, John S. Sayward, James R. Macom- ber, Nahum Warren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Samuel P. Strickland, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, William S. Mitchell, John E. Godfrey, William P. Wingate; Ward 2, Oliver Frost, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 755 Ebenezer W. Elder, Silas C. Hatch; Ward 3, Jewett N. Boynton, Ivory Small, Samuel F. Fuller; Ward 4, Rob- ert Boynton, Amos Jones, John R. Greenough; Wards, Lewis Hancock, Philip H. Coombs, Samuel P. Strick- land; Ward 6, Rufus Prince, Ansel Leighton, Sidney Thaxter; Ward 7, Ephraim Moore, Reuben Hathorn, Sewall Chapman. Hollis Bowman, Treasurer and Col- lector; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Albert G. Hunt, Marshal and Health Officer; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Ebenezer W. Elder, Harbor Master. 1848-49. Mayor, William Abbott. Aldermen : Wil- liam P. Wingate, Hollis Bowman, William H. Mills, Abraham Sanborn, Amos M. Roberts, Edward Kent, Amos Clement; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Solomon Parsons, President ; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, John E. Godfrey, Benjamin S. Deane, Prescott P. Holden; Ward 2, Albert Emerson, Solomon Parsons, William H. Taylor; Ward 3, Richard Potter, Jason Cummings, Albion P. Bradbury; Ward 4, Albert Noyes, Edward E. Upham, Thomas Jenness; Ward 5, Lewis Hancock, Henry E. Prentiss, George W. Ladd; Ward 6, Rufus Prince, Nathaniel H. Dillingham, George W, Gorhara; Ward 7, Marcus Ricker, Samuel L. Valent- ine, Robert Parker. Isaac W. Patten, Treasurer and Collector; John A. Peters, City Solictor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- sioner; John W. Garnsey, Harbor Master. 1849-50. Mayor, William Abbott*. — William H. Mills. Aldermen: William P. Wingate, Hollis Bowman, William H. Mills — S. Paine, Abraham Sanborn, J. Win- gate Carr, Preserved B. Mills, James M. Thompson; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Lewis Hancock, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, Benjamin S. Deane, Prescott P. Holden, Frederick H. Dillingham; Ward 2, Albert Emerson, Jonathan C. Taylor, Paul Varney ; Ward 3, Richard Potter, Albion P. Bradbury, Jason Cummings; Ward 4, Henry Hill, Jonas Ames, George Welhngton; Ward 5, Lewis Han- cock, Ebenezer Trask, Joel D. Thompson; Ward 6, William Boyd, George Reynolds, Cyrus Brown — C. Ar- nold ; Ward 7, Andrew Webster, Ira Linnell, Paul Ham. Nathaniel H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector ; John A. Peters, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal and Health Officer; William P. Wingate, Street Com- missioner; Israel Snow, Harbor Master. 1850-51. Mayor, William H. Mills. Aldermen: Samuel Veazie, Albert Emerson, Seth Paine, Heniy Hill, Frederick Hobbs, John Low, William Lowder ; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Ebenezer Trask, President; George Perry, Clerk; Ward i, Fred- erick H. Dillingham, Edmund Pearson, John S. Ricker; Ward 2, Silas C. Hatch, Ichabod D. Bartlett, George Savage, Jr.; Ward 3, George A. Fairfield, William Arnold, Benjamin G. Shaw; Ward 4, Harrison G. O. MorisOn, Jonas Ames, Ralph C. Eveleth; Ward 5, Ebenezer Trask, Joel D. Thompson, Charles Sawtelle; Ward 6, George W. Gorham, James Littlefield, George W. Mer- *Mr. Abbott died August 27, 1849, and William H, Mills elected to fill vacancy. rill; Ward 7, Sewall Chapman, Matthew S. Randall, Andrew Webster. Nathaniel H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; Daniel T. Jewett, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal and Health Officer; John Ham, Street Commissioner ; Israel Snow, Harbor Master. r85i-52. Mayor, Elijah L. Hamlin. Aldermen: Samuel Veazie, Albert Emerson, Seth Paine, Henry Hill, Ebenezer Trask, John Low, Nahum Warren; George W. Snow, City Clerk, Common Council: Silas C. Hatch, President; Henry Call, Clerk; Ward i, John S. Ricker, Edmund Pearson, William S. Dennett; Ward 2, Silas C. Hatch, Ichabod D. Bartlett, George Savage, Jr.; Ward 3, George A. Fairfield, Reuben S. Prescott, Henry A. Wood ; Ward 4, Harrison G. O. Morison, Albert Noyes, Joseph H. Hallett ; Ward 5, George K. Jewett, Simon P. Bradbury, Charles Sawtelle; Ward 6, George W. Merrill, James Littlefield, Cyrus Arnold; Ward 7, Mat- thew S. Randall, John Pratt, Robert Parker. N. H. Dill- ingham, Treasurer and Collector; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; John Ham, Street Commissioner; Isaac M. Bragg, Harbor Master. 1852-53. Mayor, Elijah L. Hamlin. Aldermen: Josiah Towle, Silas C. Hatch, George A. Fairfield, Jbhn Williams, George K. Jewett, Aaron A. Wing, Matthew S. Randall; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Preserved B. Mills, President; Henry Call, Clerk; Ward r, John T. K. Hay ward, Israel B. Norcross, Samuel F. Brown; Ward 2, Isaac W. Patten, Lemuel Bradford, George W. Savage; Ward 3, Samuel F. Fuller, William C. Crosby, George R. Smith; Ward 4, Joseph H. Hallett, Albert Noyes, Samuel B. Morison; Ward 5, Joseph S. Wheelwright, John M. Lord, Simon P. Brad- bury; Ward 6, Samuel P. Strickland, Preserved B. Mills, Joseph W. Humphrey; Ward 7, Henry H. Norcross, John Pratt, Samuel P. Dresser; N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; A. G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Com- missioner; John Decrow, Harbor Master. 1853-54. Mayor, George W. Pickering. Aldermen: Israel B. Norcross, Silas C. Hatch, George A. Fairfield, Samuel Farrar, George K. Jewett, Lewis Hancock, Na- hum Warren; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: William C. Crosby, President; Henry Call, Clerk; Ward i, Charles S. Crosby, Elisha Ayer, John J. Wingate; Ward 2, Isaac W. Patten, George W. Savage, Lemuel Bradford; Ward 3, William C. Crosby, William Cutter, William Crowell; Ward 4, Paul Varney, Benja- min F. Wiley, Joseph H. Hallett; Ward 5, Joseph S, Wheelwright, John M. Lord, John S. Ayer; Ward 6, Ebenezer T. Fox, Joseph W. Humphrey, Samuel P. Strickland; Ward 7, Plinny D. Parsons, Hiram Ford, Thomas O. Additon; W. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; Jonas Cutting, City Solicitor; H. B. Farnham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; John Decrow, Harbor Master. 1854-55. Mayor, George W. Pickering. Aldermen: Israel B. Norcross, Isaac W. Patten, Albert Dole, Silas C. Hatch, Ebenezer Trask, Joseph W. Humphrey, John M. Lord; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council ; John E. Godfrey, President ; Samuel F. Hum- 7S6 HtSTOkY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. phrey, Clerk; Ward i, Albert Titcomb, John J. Wingate, John Wyman ; Ward 2, Francis J. Cummings, William H. Brown, Ichabod D. Bartlett ; Ward 3, William Crow- ell, Reuben S. Prescott, Ivory Small; Ward 4, Samuel B. Morison, Benjamin F. Wiley, Paul Varney; Ward 5, Martin Mower, John S. Sayward, Joseph R. Lumbert; Ward 6, John E. Godfrey, Ansel Leighton, Hiram B. Stewart; Ward 7, Albert G. Wakefield, Michael Schwartz, Samuel H. Boardman,* Jewett N. Boynton ; N. H. Dil- lingham, Treasurer and Collector ; A. G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Samuel H. Boardman, Marshal ; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Thomas A. Harlow, Harbor Master. 1855-56. Mayor. John T. K. Hayward. Aldermen : John S. Ricker, Isaac W. Patten, Ivory Small, Thomas W. Baldwin, Walter Brown, Alexander Drummond, John Lord; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council ; George R. Smith, President ; Samuel F. Humphrey, Clerk; Ward i, John J. Wingate, Frederick F. French, William H. Bishop ; Ward 2, Ichabod D. Bartlett, Fran- cis J. Cummings, Lemuel Bradford; Ward 3, Sweden S. Patten, William Crowell, George R. Smith; Ward 4, Jonathan R. Finson, Matthias E. Rice, John C. Flint ; Ward 5, John S. Sayward, Reuben Bagley, Arad Thomp- son ; Ward 6, Samuel P. Strickland, Hiram B. Stewart, Ansel Leighton ; Ward 7, Richard G. Hinman, David Gurney, John S. Ricker. N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; A, G. Wakefield, City Solicitor; Philip Weaver, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- sioner ; Thomas A. Harlow, Harbor Master. 1856-57. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen : John S. Ricker, Isaac W. Patten, Franklin Muzzy, Silas C. Hatch, George K. Jewett, Joseph W. Humphrey, John M. Lord. City Clerk, George W. Snow. Common Council : Preserved B. Mills, President ; Samuel F. Hum- phrey, Clerk. Ward i, Daniel Howard, Phineas Batch- elder, Samuel B. Field; Ward 2, Lemuel Bradford, George W. Savage, George Palmer ; Ward 3, Jabez True, Cyrus Emery, Franklin Rogers ; Ward 4, John S. Chad- wick, Samuel B. Morison, Walter R. Blaisdell ; Ward 5, Charles Sawtelle, Davis R. Stockwell, Elijah W. Hasey ; Ward 6, Preserved B. Mills, Llewellyn J. Morse, Thomas Cowan; Ward 7, Michael Schwartz, Isaac R. Clark, Richard G. Hinman. N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; Asa Waterhouse, City Solicitor; Henry B. Famham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commis- sioner; Thomas A. Harlow, Harbor Master. 1857-58. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen: Daniel M. Howard, Lemuel Bradford, Oliver H. Ingalls, John S. Chadwick, Isaiah Stetson, Joseph W. Humphrey, Isaac R. Clark; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Samuel B. Morison, President; Samuel F. Humphrey, Clerk; Ward i, Phineas Batchelder, Pres- cott P. Holden, Charles Durham; Ward 2, Charles Davis, Joseph Bartlett, Thomas C. Farris; Ward 3, Thom- as A. Taylor, Joseph W. Low, Amherst Alden; Ward 4, Samuel B. Morison, Edward M. Field, Jonas Ames, Jr.; Ward 5, Charles Sawtelle, Mark L. Mills, John B. Fos- ter; Ward 6, Preserved B. Mills , Thomas Cowan, Lle- * Resigned in April, and J. N. Boynton elected. wellyn J. Morse; Ward 7, Michael Schwartz, Jewett N. Boynton, Samuel H. Boardman. N. H. Dillingham, Treasurer and Collector; George W. IngersoU, City So- licitor; Samuel H. Boardman, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Morrill, Harbor Master. 1858-59. Mayor, Hollis Bowman. Aldermen: Dan- iel M. Howard, William A. Blake, Jabez True, Henry Hill, Isaiah Stetson, Ansel Leighton, Albert G. Wake- field; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Jonathan Burbank, President; Samuel F. Humphrey, Clerk; Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Nehemiah H. Col- ton, Israel B. Norcross; Ward 2, Zaccheus P. Estes, John T. Tewksbury, Isaac W. Patten; Ward 3, Jacob A. Smith, Joseph F. Hall, Eleazer Crowell; Ward 4, Ben- jamin B. Farnswortb, Henry A. Butler, John M. Lander, resigned, Isaac M. Bragg; Ward 5, Jonathan Burbank, John B. Carr, Leonard B. Green; Ward 6, Augustus D. Manson, George Reynolds, Elijah Clements; Ward 7, William S. Baker, William A. Dresser, Joseph M. Hodg- kins. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; George W. IngersoU, City Solicitor; Henry B. Famham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Mor- rill, Harbor Master. 1859-60. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen: Mar- cellus Emery, Ichabod D. Bartlett, Jabez True, Elijah L. Hamlin, John B. Foster, Ansel Leighton, Albert G. Wakefield; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Jonathan Burbank, President; Samuel F. Hum- phrey, Clerk; Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Towns Roach, Timothy Wall; Ward 2, George W. Savage, Isaac W. Patten, Aaron L. Simpson; Ward 3, Eleazer Crowell, Isaac Smith, William S. Pattee; Ward 4, Isaac M. Bragg, Henry A. Butler, Aaron Hill; Ward 5, John B. Carr, Jonathan Burbank, Mark L. Mills; Ward 6, Frederick E. Shaw, James Littlefield, Joseph Graves; Ward 7, Wil- liam A. Dresser, John L. Hodsdon, William S. Baker. Seth Paine, Treasurer ; and Collector; George W. Inger- sooU, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; Wil- liam P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Moses Morrill, Harbor Master. 1860-61. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen: Israel B. Norcross, Ichabod D. Bartlett, William S. Pattee, John S. Chadwick, John B. Foster, Ansel Leighton, John L, Hodsdon; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Frederick E. Shaw, President ; George H. Yeaton, Clerk. Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Owen Moran, Patrick Wall ; Ward 2, George W. Cummings, Thomas Gallagher, William T. Pearson ; Ward 3, Isaac Small, Edwin B. Jordan, Joseph H. Perkins ; Ward 4, John Williams, F. W. Pitcher — S. C. Hatch, Aaron Hill ; Ward 5, Ebenezer T. Fox, Henry Rollins, Henry Hunt; Ward 6, Frederic E. Shaw, James Littlefield, Joseph Graves ; Ward 7, James H. Bowler, Eber Stew- ard, Daniel Webster. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collec- tor ; Albert G. Wakefield, City Solicitor ; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Com- missioner ; Ephraim R. Lansil, Harbor Master. 1861-62. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen : Abram Woodard, George W. Cummings, William S. Pattee, HISTORY OP PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 757 A. W. Paine (resigned), Joseph W. Low,* Charles Saw- telle, Jaires Littlefield, Eber Stewa; George W. Snow City Clerk. Common Council: Ebenezer T. Fox, President ; George H. Yeaton, Clerk. Ward i, Prescott P. Holden, Patrick Wall, Edward Conners j Ward 2, Benjamin H. Mace, George Palmer, John McCann ; Ward 3, Joseph S. Patten, Amherst Alden, Oliver H. Ingalls; Ward 4, Thomas J. Witherly, Benjamin H. Boardman, Mark Hall; Ward 5, Henry Rollins, Ebene- zer T. Fox, William H. Gould ; Ward 6, Silas S. Low, Lewis Goodwin, Joseph L. Palmer ; Ward 7, Burleigh Pease, Joseph F. Snow, Jonathan C. Lane. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector ; Fred E. Shaw, City Solicitor ; Henry Farnham, Marshal ; Taylor Durgin, Street Com- missioner; Ephraim P. Lansil, Harbor Master. 1862-63. Mayor, Isaiah Stetson. Aldermen : Abram Woodard, HoUis Bowman, Francis M. Sabine, Albert Noyes, Arad Thompson, James Littlefield, Eber Steward; George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Silas C. Hatch, President ; George H. Yeaton, Clerk. Ward 1, Supply Dean, Edward Conners, James Hurley; Ward 2, George Palmer, Silas C. Hatch, Aaron L. Simpson ; Ward 3, Samuel D. Thurston, John Work, Charles P. Roberts ; Ward 4, Thomas J. Witherly, Charles Hight, Jonathan Chase ; Ward 5, John L. Crosby, Alonzo S. Weed, Alfred O. Stewart ; Ward 6, Silas S. Low, Gideon Marston, Levi Murch ; Ward 7, Joseph F. Snow, Edwin Clark, Jonathan C. Lane. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector ; Fred E. Shaw, City Solicitor ; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commis- sioner; Anderson Parker, Harbor Master. 1863-64. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen: James O'Donohue, Silas C. Hatch, Francis M. Sabine, Isaac M. Bragg, Arad Thompson, S. P. Strickland, James H. Bow- ler; George W. Snow, City Clerk. CommonCouncil: Aaron L. Simpson, President; George H. Yeaton, Clerk. Ward I, Nehemiah H. Colton, Edward Conners, Samuel R. Yeaton; Ward 2, Aaron L. Simpson, Hiram B. Williams, Lemuel Bradford ; Ward 3, Samuel D. Thurston, John Work, James Dunning ; Ward 4, Isaac M. Currier, Thomas J. Witherly, Pickering P. Pearson ; Ward 5, John L. Crosby, Alonzo S. Weed, Benjamin R. Bicknell; Ward 6, Gideon Marston, Thomas Trickey, Benjamin N. Thorns ; Ward 7, Eber Steward, Edwin Clark, Sewall Chapman. Seth Paine, Treasurer and CoUectoror ; A. G. Wakefield, City Solicitor ; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal ; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner ; Ander- son Parker, Harbor Master. 1864-65. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen : John Wyman, Silas C. Hatch, Francis M. Sabine, Isaac M. Bragg, Charles Sawtelle, Samuel P. Strickland, James H. Bowler. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Coun- cil: Lemuel Bradford, President; J. B. Matthews, Clerk; • Ward I, Joseph Taney, Sumner Laughton, Josiah S. Ricker; Ward 2, Lemuel Bradford, Hiram B. Williams, George Palmer; Ward 3, Samuel D. Thurston, James Dunning, James Woodbury; Ward 4, Thomas J. With- erly, Isaac M. Currier, Pickering P. Pearson; Ward 5, Simon P. Bradbury, Edwin F. Dillingham, William P. * Elected in place of A. W, Paine, resigned. Heald; Ward 6, Joseph L. Palmer, Erastus Wellington, Benjamin N. Thoms; Ward 7, Eber Steward, Edwin Clark, John S. Patten. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Col- lector; Aaron S. Simpson, City Solicitor; H. B. Farn- ham, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; An- derson Parker, Harbor Master. 1865-66. Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen: Joseph Taney, Silas C. Hatch, Samuel D. Thurston, Isaac M. Currier, Simon P. Bradbury, Gideon Marston, William P. Wingate. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Nathan L. Perkins, President; J. B. Matthews, Clerk; Ward i, Sumner Laughton, Thomas S Moor, William A. Bartlett; Ward 2, Hiram B. Williams, John C. Thorndike, Samuel F. Jones; Ward 3, James Woodbury, Nathan L. Perkins, Joseph C. White, Ward 4, George W. Whitney, Daniel Wheeler, William M. Davis; Ward 5, Edwin F. Dillingham, Edward H. Rol- lins, Charles Clark; Ward 6, Thomas Trickey, Moody T. Stickney, Charles F. Smith; Ward 7, John Andrews, John 5. Patten, Daniel H. Kimball. Seth Paine, Treasurer, and Collector; Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; H. B. Farnham, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; Anderson Parker, Harbor Master. 1866-67. Mayor, Albert G. Wakefield. Aldermen: Joab W. Palmer, Hiram B. Williams, Samuel D. Thurs- ton, Ambrose C. Flint, Simon P. Bradbury, John E. Godfrey, William P. Wingate. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council : Nathan L. Perkins, Presi- dent; James B. Matthews, Clerk; Ward i, Edward Con- neis, Timothy Sullivan, Patrick Gallagher; Ward 2, John C. Thorndike, Samuel F. Jones, Thomas J. Stewart; Ward 3, Nathan L. Perkins, Joseph C. White, James Woodbury; Ward 4, George W. Whitney, Daniel Wheeler, William M. Davis; Ward 5, Benjamin O. Fos- ter, John L. Crosby, WiUiam P. Heald; Ward 6, Moody T. Stickney, Charles F. Smith, Hiram B. Stewart; Ward 7, John S. Patten, John M. Lord, Burleigh Pease. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; H. B. Farnham, Marshal; William L. Stewart, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1867-68. Mayor, Albert G. Wakefield. Aldermen: Joab W. Palmer, James F. Rawson, Nathan L. Perkins, Ambrose C. Flint, Simon P. Bradbury, John E. Godfrey, Joseph F. Snow. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Com- mon Council: James Woodbury, President; John H. Hayes, Clerk; Ward 1, Edward Conners, Patrick Galla- gher, Ancel C. Hallett; Ward 2, Frederick A. Cummings, John McCann, Samuel F. Jones; Ward 3, James Wood- bury, Thomas Hersey, *Charles Hamlin; Ward 4, Wil- liam M. Davis, Daniel L. Wheeler, George W. Whitney; Ward 5, Alonzo S. Weed, Jeremiah Fenno, Charles H. Buswell; Ward 6, Hiram B. Stewart, Joseph Graves, Her- mon Bartlett; Ward 7, Benjamin F. S. Patten, Thomas K. Johnston, Gardner Bragdon. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Charles Hamlin, City Solicitor; Henry B. Farnham, Marshal, William L. Stewart, Street Commis- sioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1868-69. Mayor, Augustus D. Manson. Aldermen; Edward Conners, James F. Rawson, James Woodbury, *Declined. 7S8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. George W. Whitney, Alonzo S. Weed, John E. Godfrey, Joseph F. Snow. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Com- mon Council: Jeremiah Fenno, President; John H. Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, Patrick Gallagher, Frederick M. Laughton, John McGinty; Ward 2, Samuel F. Jones, John McCann, Fred A. Cummings; Ward 3, Thomas Hersey, Thomas J. Witherly, William Flowers; Ward 4, William M. Davis, Charles E. Dole, Benjamin F. Wiley; Ward 5, Moses Giddings, Jeremiah Fenno, Thomas P. Bunker; Ward 6, Hermon Bartlett, Daniel White, Manuel 5, Drummond; Ward 7, Gardner Bragdon, Thomas K. Johnston, Benjamin F. S. Patten. Seth Paine, Treas- urer and Collector; Charles Hamlin, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; William L. Stewart, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1869-70. Mayor, Samuel D. Thurston. Aldermen: John S. Ricker, James F. Rawson, James Woodbury, George W. Whitney, Alonzo S. Weed, John E. Godfrey, Samuel F. Humphrey. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Moses Giddings, President; John H. Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, Frederick M. Laughton, John McGinty, Elisha F. Stetson; Ward 2, John Varney, John Cassidy, Edwin B. Patten; Ward 3, William Flowers, Thomas Hersey, Joseph C. White; Ward 4, Lysander Strickland, Charles E. Dole, William M. Davis; Ward 5, Moses Giddings, Jesse M. Arnold, Reuben Bagley ; Ward 6, Manuel S. Drummond, Silas S. Low, Hermon Bartlett; Ward 7, Gardner Bragdon, Marcellus E. Hodgkins, Charles W. Roberts. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Col- lector; Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1870-71. Mayor, Henry E. Prentiss. Aldermen: John J. Ricker, James F. Rawson, William C. Grosby, Charles E. Dole, Moses Giddings, Llewellyn J. Morse, Charles W. Roberts. George W. Snow, City Clerk. Common Council: Newell Blake, President; John H. Hayes, Clerk; Ward i, John McGinty, James Tobin, Patrick Gallagher ; Ward 2, John Varney, John Cassidy, Edwin B. Patten ; Ward 3, Sprague Adams, John Good- ell, Jr., William B. Dole; Ward 4, Lysander Strickland, Newell Blake, Alanson Grant ; Ward 5, Jesse M. Arnold, Chapin Humphrey, Thomas P. Bunker; Ward 6, Silas S. Low, Benjamin N. Thorns, Eugene F. Sanger; Ward 7, Marcellus E. Hodgkins,- Judson H. Robinson, Jona- than N. Drew. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Aaron L. Simpson, City Solicitor; William P. Wingate, Marshal; Taylor Durgin, Street Commissioner; Joshua D. Warren, Harbor Master. 1871-72. * Mayor, Samuel H. Dale. Aldermen: John S. Ricker, Charles Hayward, William C. Crosby, Lysander Strickland, Moses Giddings, Ansel Leighton, Isaac R. Clark. John H Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Newell Blake, President; Percy A. Bridgham, Clerk; Ward i, John McGinty, James Tobin, Joseph W. Taney; Ward 2, Ezekiel Cobb, Bowen Holman, Isaac Strickland; Ward 3, William B. Dole, Sprague Adams, John Goodell, Jr.; Ward 4, Newell Blake, Russell S. *Died December 24, 1871, and J. S. Wheelwright elected to fill va- cancy. Morison, James Smith, Jr.; Ward 5, Chapin Humphrey, Nathan C. Ayer, Joseph H. Gould; Ward 6, Benjamin N. Thorns, Eugene F. Sanger, Smith P. Hutchinson; Ward 7, Jonathan N. Dow, Charles B. Morse, David W. Gould. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Henry C. Goodenow, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Daniel P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1872-73. Mayor, Joseph S. Wheelright. Aldermen, John McGinty, Charles Hayward, William C. Crosby, Lysander Strickland, Chapin Humphrey, Ansel Leighton, Isaac R. Clark. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Newell Blake, President; William B. Dole, Clerk; Ward i, Hugh McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, Gustavus G. Cushman; Ward 2, Ezekiel Cobb, John H. Crosby, Jesse E. Harriman; Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, Henry Lord, Joseph P. Bass; Ward 4, Newell Blake, Russell S. Morison, James Smith, Jr.; Ward 5, Nathan C. Ayer, George R. Lancaster, Albion W. Dudley; Ward 6, Smith P. Hutchinson, George F. Godfrey, Gustavus S. Bean; Ward 7, Charles B. Morse, David W. Gould, Scott Dunbar. Seth Paine, Treasurer and Collector; Henry C. Goodenow, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Daniel P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Calvin Kirk, Harbor Master. 1873-74. Mayor, Joseph P. Bass. Aldermen: James Tobin, Isaac Strickland, Daniel White, Newell Blake, Chapin Humphrey, Llewellyn J. Morse, Amos Pickard. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Henry Lord, President; John L. Crosby, Clerk; Ward i, Hugh McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, John M. Blaisdell; Ward 2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, Benjamin S. Crosby; Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, Henry Lord, Samuel A. Stoddard; Ward 4, Sylvester D. Fogg, Isaac M. Bragg, George A. Davenport; Ward 5, Joseph H. Gould, Elton W. Ware, Charles V. Lord; Ward 6, Benjamin A. Burr, Manly G. Trask, Gustavus S. Bean; Ward 7, William Conners, John Gates, Thomas Williams. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Collector; A. L. Simpson, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Alvin W. Dudley, Street Commissioner; S. H. Hasty, Harbor Master. 1874-75. Mayor, Newell Blake. Aldermen : James Tobin, Isaac Strickland, William C. Crosby, Isaac M. Bragg, Nathan C. Ayer, Llewellyn J. Morse, Charles D. Bryant. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Henry Lord, President; John L. Crosby, Clerk; Ward i, Hugh McHugh, Nehemiah H. Colton, John Burke; Ward 2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, Benjamin S. Crosby; Ward 3, Thomas S. Moor, Henry Lord, Franklin Rogers; Ward 4, Sylvester D. Fogg, Charles A. Babcock, George A. Davenport; Ward 5, John F. Jordan, Elton W. Ware, Charles V. Lord; Ward 6, Benjamin A. Burr, Manly G. Trask, Gustavus S. Bean; Ward 7, Charles B. Wyman, Daniel Webster, Jonathan N. Drew. John L. Crosby Treasurer and Collector; Albert G. Wakefield, City So- licitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Albion W. Dudley, Street Commissioner; Thomas Shea, Harbor Master. i87.i;-76. Mayor, Frederick M. Laughton. Alder- men: James Tobin, Isaac Strickland, Thomas S. Moor, Joseph C. White, Thomas N. Egery, Silas S. Low, Wil- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 759 liam Conners. John H. Hayes, City Clerk. Common Council: Manly G. Trask, President; Fred V. Wooster, Clerk; Ward i, John S. Ricker, Nehemiah H. Colton, John Burke; Ward 2, Orin M. Shaw, John McCann, Benjamin S. Crosby; Ward 3, James Adams, Frank Hight, George I. Brown; Ward 4, Alfred M. Cowan, Charles A. Babcock, Charles Sinnott; Ward 5, Charles E. Getchell, George W. Merrill, Charles W. Wilson; Ward 6, Frank H. Drummond, Manly G. Trask, Hartford Pond; Ward 7, Aaron D. Watson, Elliott W. Corson, William Phillips. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- lector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; George A. Bolton, Marshal; Albion W. Dudley, Street Commis- sioner; Thomas Shea, Harbor Master. 1876-77. Mayor, William B. Hayford. Aldermen: John S. Ricker, John C. Thorndike, James Woodbury, Joseph C. White, Albert G. Wakefield, Silas S. Low, Charles B. Wyman; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Common Council: President, Frank H. Drummond; Clerk, Charles E. Field; Ward i,if rederick W. Hill, Daniel F. Kelleher, Daniel Sullivan; Ward 2, Albert F. Snow, James E. Dougherty, George Savage; Ward 3, James Adams, Frank Hight, Alonzo Morton; Ward 4, Alfred M. Cowan, Charles Sinnott, William C. Holt; Ward 5, Charles E. Getchell, George W. Merrill, John F. Jordan; Ward 6, Hartford Pond, Frank H. Drummond, Lester Dwinel; Ward 7, Aaron D. Watson, Elliott W. Corson, Thomas White. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- lector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; Simon F. Walker, Marshal; Judson H. Robinson, Street Commis- sioner; Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 1877-78. Mayor, Augustus C. Hamlin. Aldermen : John Smith, John C. Thorndike, James Woodbury, Russel S. Morison, Simon P. Bradbury, Hartford Pond, Benjamin B. Thatcher; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Com- mon Council : President, Frank H. Drummond; Clerk, Charles E. Field; Ward i, John Smith, John Smith, John Smith; Ward 2, Henry D. Williams, Michael J. Desmond, William L. Stewart; Ward 3, Alonzo Morton, Joseph W. Thompson, Warren A. Bragg; Ward 4, Wil- liam C. Holt, Frank Currier, Jeremiah M. Gilman; Ward 5, David Fuller, John C. Cutler, Charles Clark; Ward 6, Frank H. Drummond, Charles I. Collamore, Thomas W. Burr; Ward 7, Kendall P. Forbes, Heman N. Bartlett, Marshall Dyer. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Collector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; Elijah Low, Marshal; Judson H. Robinson, Street Commis- sioner; Sewall H. Hasty, Harbor Master. 1878-79, Mayor, Augustus C. Hamlin. Aldermen : Nehemiah H. Colton, Jesse E. Harriman, Charles P. Brown, William H. Brown, Charles P. Stetson, Silas D. Jones, Amos Pickard; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Com- mon Council: President, Henry D. Williams; Clerk, Charles E. Field; Ward i, Owen Moran, Daniel O'Con- nell, William H. Darling; Ward 2, Henry D. Williams, Michael J. Desmond, Wilbur J. Webb; Ward 3, Joseph W. Thompson, Warren A. Bragg, Zebulon Grover; Ward 4, Jeremiah M. Gilman, Frank Currier, Charles B. Brown; Ward 5, Isaac H. Grover, Charles E. Lyon, Daniel M. Howard; Ward 6, Albert F. Merrill, Augustus E. Pote, Job CoUett; Ward 7, George W. Spratt, David A. Garland, Thomas Gillespie. John L. Crosby, Treas- urer and Collector; F. H. Appleton, City Solicitor; Wil- liam F. Reed, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Walter Ross, Harbor Master. 1879-80. Mayor, William H. Brown. Aldermen : Daniel F. Kelleher, Stephen Jennings, Warren A. Bragg, Isaac M. Currier, Silas D. Jones, Manly G. Trask, Amos Pickard; City Clerk, Victor Brett. Common Council : President, Charles I. Collamore; Clerk, Charles E. Field; Ward i, Daniel O'Connell, Dennis O'Leary, Charles E. Hill; Ward 2, Owen McCann, James Mooney, Charles L. Snow; Ward 3, Zebulon Grover, Henry N. Fairbanks, Thomas J. Witherly; Ward 4, Charles B. Brown, Moses G. Rice, Isaiah Tozier; Ward 5, Job CoUett, Charles Clark, Reuben Bagley, second; Ward 6, Charles I. Collamore, Thomas W. Burr, Hiram P. Oliver; Ward 7, Thomas Gillespie, George W. Spratt, Edward Conners. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Collector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor: William F. Reed, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 1880-81. Mayor, William H. Brown. Aldermen: Daniel F. Kelleher, Stephen Jennings, Warren A. Bragg, Isaac M. Currier, Silas D. Jones, Manly G. Trask, Ed- ward Conners. Victor Brett, City Clerk. Common Council : Charles I. Collamore, President ; Otto F. Youngs, Clerk; Ward i, Daniel O'Connell, Dennis O'Leary, Bertram L. Smith; Ward 2, Owen McCann, James Mooney, Charles L. Snow; Ward 3, Henry N. Fairbanks, Alonzo K. Rollins, Albert P. Baker; Ward 4, Moses G. Rice, Isaiah Tozier, John Dole; Ward 5, Job Collett, Charles L. Marston, Daniel W. Maxfield; Ward 6, Charles I. Collamore, Hartford Pond, Hiram P. Oli- ver; Ward 7, George W. Fletcher, Mellen T. Gates, Charles E. Field. John L. Crosby, Treasurer and Col- lector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; William F. Reed, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commission- er; Charles V. Lansil, Harbor Master. 1881-82. Mayor, Lysander Strickland. Aldermen: Daniel F. Kelleher, Frederick A. Cummings, James Adams, Moses G. Rice, Charles L. Marston, Llewellyn J. Morse, Edward Conners. Victor Brett, City Clerk. Common Council: Henry N. Fairbanks, President; Otto F. Youngs, Clerk; Ward i. Whitman M. Thayer, Dennis O'Leary, Dominic Cox; Ward 2, Terence F. Cassidy, Aaron L. Simpson, James E. Rogers; Ward 3, Alonzo K. Rollins, Albe.rt P. Baker, Henry N. Fairbanks; Ward 4, Sumner J. Finson, Albert Bean, William H. Edmunds; Ward 5, Harvey L. Jewell, Francis Garland, Byron Rob- erts; Ward 6, William H. Harlow, Horace W. Chase, Jeremiah S. Bartlett; Ward 7, Jonathan R. Holt, James H. Haynes, George M. Fletcher. John L. Crosby, Treas- urer and Collector; Thomas W. Vose, City Solicitor; William F. Reed, Marshal; William P. Wingate, Street Commissioner; John J. Flynn, Harbor Master. THE CHIEF MAGISTRATES. For convenience' sake, a group is here presented of the Mayors of Bangor, from the incorporation of the city in 1834, to 1882:— 760 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Allen Oilman 1834-3S Samuel H. Dale 1863-64-65 Edward Kent 1836-37 Albert G. Wakefield 1866-67 Rufus Uwinel 1838 Augustus D. Manson 1868 J. Wingate Carr 1839-40 Samuel D. Thurston 1869 Bradford Harlow 1841-42-43 Henry E. Prentiss 1870 Jacob Drummond 1844 Samuel H. Dale 1871 Joseph Bryant 1845-46 Joseph S. Wheelwright 1872 Charles Hayward 1847 Joseph P. Bass 1873 William Abbott 1848-49 Newell Blake 1874 William H. Mills 1849-50 Frederick M. Laughton 1875 Elijah M. Hamlin 1851-52 William B. Hayford 1876 George W. Pickering 1853-54 Augustus C. Hamlin 1877-78 John T. K. Hayward 1855 William H. Brown 1879-80 Hollis Bowman 1856-57-58 Lysander Strickland 1881 Isaiah Stetson 1859-60-61-62 THE POSTMASTERS. We may add here, perhaps as well as anywhere, a full list of Postmasters of Bangor since the establishment of the office here; In January, 1801, Balkley Emerson was Postmaster until January, 1805, with the exception of six months in 1804, when William Fobes was in the office; Horatio G. Balch, from January, 1805; William D. Williamson, from 1 810; Royal Clark, from 1821; Mark Trafton, from 1822. From 1836 it became a Presi- dential appointment. Mark Trafton was re-appointed in 1836; Charles K. Miller, 1839 to 1848, and in 1866; Isaac C. Haynes, 1848 and 1853-56; J. Wingate Carr, 1861-65; George Fuller, 1867-71; Colonel Augustus B. Farnham, from 187 1 to this writing. THE COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS at Bangor have been : Daniel Emery, 1847-49; William C. Hammatt, 1849-53; George P. Sewall, 1853-57; Dud- ley F. Leavitt, 1857-61; William P. Wingate, 1861-66, and 1871-75; Charles W. Roberts, 1866-67; John H. Rice, 1867-71; EbenezerT. Fox, 1875-79; and Joseph S. Smith, 1880 to the present time. CHAPTER XXXVII. BANGOR BIOGRAPHIES. Hon. Hannibal Hamlin— Governor Kent— Hon. John Appleton— Con- gressman Ladd-Hon, Lewis Barker-Hon. Henry Lord-Captain Charles A. Boutelle— William H. Brown, M. D.— Dr. E. F. Sanger —Dr. Sumner Laughton— Hon. Frederick M, Laughton— Calvin Seavey, M. D.-Hon. Noah Woods-General Samuel Veazie-Gen- eral S. F. Hersey-Hon. Thomas .\. Egery-John Prescott Webber -Colonel Frank D. Pullen-Adolphus J. Chapman, Esq— Flavins O. Beat— Lemuel Nichols, Jr. -Abel Hunt-Charles D. Bryant. HON. HANNIBAL HAMLIN. This renowned citizen of Bangor, for at least a gener- ation the foremost son of the Penobscot Valley, is not, somewhat unhappily for it, a native of this county, but of Paris, in this State. He is of old Massachusetts stock, grandson of Eleazer Hamlin, commander of a company of minute-men when the American Revolution was gath- ering head, and is son of Dr. Cyrus and Anna (Livermore) Hamlin, of Livermore, Oxford county, to which Deacon Livermore, Mrs. Hamlin's father, had given the name, he being a principal proprietor of it. Upon the Doctor's appointment as Clerk of the Oxford county courts, he removed to Paris, the shire-town, where he thenceforward made his home until his death in 1828. Here Hannibal Hamlin was born, the youngest of six sons, August 27, 1809, the same year in which his great associate upon the Presidential ticket, the late Mr. Lincoln, was born. His elementary education was conducted in private schools in Paris, and at the neighboring Hebron Acade- my. He was nearly ready for college at fifteen or sixteen years of age, when the declining health of his brother Cyrus compelled the retirement of Hannibal from the schools, to labor in his stead on the farm. He shortly also undertook the survey of the township owned by his father and others in the north wilderness, which was suc- cessfully accomplished, though in the face of many diffi- culties and privations. At about the age of eighteen he began to study law with his brother Elijah, who was prac- ticing in Eastern Maine,, bufc was again recalled to the farm by the death of his father, and remained upon it the next two years. He then bought a half-interest in the Jeffersonian, a newspaper at Paris, where his associate in business was Horatio King, afterwards First Assistant Postmaster-General. He wrote in both prose and poetry for its columns, and learned to set type and print the paper, continuing his labors of "composition" with both pen and cbinposing-stick, for some time after he sold his interest to William King in the fall of the same year. The next January he resumed legal studies, at first with Joseph G. Cole, Esq,, since Judge of the District Court of Maine, and then with Messrs. Fessenden, Deblois & Fessenden, of Portland, the last of whom was afterwards colleague of Mr. Hamlin in the United States Senate, and also Secretary of the Treasury. He was admitted to the Bar at Paris in January, 1833, and argued and won a case the same day. The next April he removed to Hampden, Penobscot county, where he opened an office and resided for about twenty years. He commanded a large pracdce almost from the beginning, and maintained It with remarkable energy and success until public duties absorbed his time and attention. Since his return to the Federal Senate in 1851 he has practically abandoned the profession. During his Hampden residence and since, he has been often called to the platform for addresses upon literary, political, and other topics, which he han- dles with accustomed ability and versatility of talent. Mr. Hamlin's first public service of note was as Repre- sentative of Hampden to the State Legislature during five successive terms, 1836 to 1840, inclusive. He was then attached to the principles and policy of the Dem- ocratic party; and soon became one of its leaders in the House, and otherwise an influential member. He was chosen Speaker in his second term, 1837, when but twenty-seven years old, and was re-elected to that post in 1839, and again in 1840, at the close of each period of service receiving the unanimous thanks of the House. The latter year he was the candidate of his party for a seat in Congress, but shared the common Democratic defeat in Maine and throughout the country, induced by HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 761 the popular enthusiasm of that year in behalf of General Harrison, the Whig candidate for the Presidency. He was beaten, however, in a total poll of fifteen thousand, by a majority of less than two hundred. It is said that his joint canvass of the District with his opponent, Elisha H. Allen, still also a resident of Bangor, was the first in- stance of the kind in New England politics. Two years afterwards he again ran against Mr. Allen, and was this time triumphantly elected. He soon made a considerable figure in the National Legislature for a new member, and during his second session made an able and truly elo- quent speech against the resolution for the annexation of Texas, on the ground that it was a scheme for "the strengthening of the Slave Power," "for extending and perpetuating slavery." He was returned to the House in 1844, and made Chairman of the important Com- mittee on Elections, and also a member of the Commit- tee on Naval Affairs. In his speech on the bill to estab- lish aterritorial government inOregon he again announced, most explicitly and emphatically, his opposition to any scheme having a view to the extension of slavery. He anticipated the famous Wilmot Proviso at this time (the session of 1846-47), by offering a similar clause as an amendment to the "Three Million Bill." With this ses- sion his service in the lower House of Congress was closed, and he consented again to take a seat for a single term in the State Legislature as a Representative for Hampden. The next year, in the spring of 1848, Gov- ernor Fairfield, one of the United States Senators from Maine, having died, Mr. Hamlin was appointed to his place by Governor Dana, he being then only in his fortieth year. He served under appointment the remain- ing four years of the unexpired term, and was then re- turned for the full period of six years by the Legislature, although the pro-slavery wing of his party in that body refused to support him. His discussion of all important topics in the Senate was clear and able; but the "irre- pressible conflict" was now thickening, and he was soon to take a yet more distinguished place in American pol- itics. June 12, 1856, after the Democratic National Convention at Cincinnati, he formally abandoned that party in a speech in the Senate, resigning his place as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. He has since been a steadfast Republican, without variableness or shadow of turning. The same month in which this speech was spoken he was nominated as Republican can- didate for Governor of Maine, and was elected by more than double the majority to that time ever given a gu- bernatorial candidate in this State. He resigned his Senatorship to be inaugurated January 7, 1857, but within ten days was re-chosen Senator for the full term, resigned the Executive chair, and resumed his seat in the Senate. Yeoman's service was here to be done during • this struggle over the Lecompton constitution of Kansas, and other exciting issues of the period ; and he did it. May 18, i860, at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, he was most unexpectedly nominated as the candidate for Vice-President of the United States, upon the same ticket with Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. He served with his wonted ability in the chair of the Senate, 96 also rendering invaluable aid in the counsels of the Gov- ernment during the civil war, until the close of his term, March 4, 1865. During this time, in the spring of 1862, he removed from Hampden to Bangor, where he dwells when at home, in a modest residence on Fourth street, near Hammond. The same year that he ended his Sen- atorial term he was appointed Collector of the Port of Boston; but resigned in 1866. He remained in private life a few years, but was again called into the public ser- vice in 1869, by a return to the United States Senate. He was re-elected in 1875, and at the close of his term, six years afterwards, was appointed by President Garfield Minister of the United States to the Spanish Court, and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. After a period of rest he made a visit to the home of his child- hood at Paris, and sailed for Madrid in October following, where he is now performing the duties of his distinguished position. He was Regent of the Smithsonian Institution 1861-65, 2^rid was re-appointed in 1870, holding the po- sition since that time. Mr. Hamlin was first married in 1833, at Paris, to Miss Sarah Jane, born November 2, 1815, daughter of the Hon. Stephen Emery, Judge of Probate for Oxford county, and since Attorney-General of the State and Judge of the District Court. The children of this mar- riage were George Emery, born September 30, 1835, died July 14, 1844; Charles, born September 13, 1837, gradu- ate of Bowdoin in 1857, admitted to the Bar October, 1858, practiced law at Orland, Hancock county, till he entered the army during the late war, in which he served as Major of the First Maine Heavy Artillery, Assistant Adjutant-General and Inspector of Artillery, and was dis- charged in September, 1865, as Brevet Brigadier-Gen- eral, since residing at Bangor as an attorney, and for some years Register in Bankruptcy; Cyrus, born April 26, 1839, who also became a lawyer, practiced at Kittery, York county, entered the army as an aid-de-camp on the general staff, served with General Fremont and as one of the first Colonels appointed to the Corps d' Afrique, at- tained finally the rank of Major-General, and died at New Orleans, August 28, 1867, of disease contracted in the service; Sarah J., born January 7, 1842, married Col- onel George A. Batchelder, and died June 28, 1879; and George E., born February 24, 1848, died September 6, 1849. Mrs. Hamlin died April 17, 1855; and in Sep- tember of the following year her husband led to the altar her half-sister. Miss Ellen Vesta Emery, whose natal day is September 14, 1835. The children of the second mar- riage are Hannibal Emery, born August 22, 1858, a graduate of Colby University, in the class of 1879, now a law student at Harvard University; and Frank, born Sep- tember 26, 1862. GOVERNOR KENT. The Hon. Edward Kent, LL.D., was in his day for many years one of the most distinguished citizens of Bangor, where, and throughout the State which he served so faithfully and well, his memory is cherished as one of the most treasured heirlooms of the present generation. 762 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Governor Kent was a native of New Hampshire, born in Concord January 8, 1802, youngest son and sixth child of William Austin Kent, a native of Charlestown, Massachusetts. His mother was born in Sterling, in the same State, and was a sister of the Hon. Prentiss Mellen, the first Chief Justice of Maine. His three brothers all became useful and prominent men, and two of them are still living. Three of his sisters married well-known New England clergymen, and the fourth the Hon. James H. Bingham, graduate of Dartmouth and classmate of Daniel Webster. Young Kent, after due preliminary training, entered Harvard College, and was graduated in 182 1, when but nineteen years old, in the class to which belonged Ralph Waldo Emerson, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Congressmen C. W. Upham, of Massachusetts, and R. W. Barnwell, of South Carolina, and Judge Edward G. Loring. His fine scholarship entitled him to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society, which admitted less than one third of his class of fifty-nine. He read law with the celebrated Chancellor Kent and with Benjamin Orr, a very eminent Maine lawyer of that time ; and under them acquired a thoroughly competent preparation for his professional career. He came to Bangor in 1824, on a prospecting tour, determined to settle here, and in September of the next year, when but twenty-three years old, he boldly and alone swung out his "shingle" in the brisk little town as an invitation for business. He soon became popu- lar, and was presently elected by his young fellow-towns- men as Foreman of the fire company formed to man the new "Washington" hand-engine, which the town had just bought. He also obtained a fair share of the local business (there were then but six lawyers besides' himself in Bangor), but took some of his time for political dis- cussion and writing for the village newspaper. He mani- fested a lively interest in the struggle of the Greek patri- ots for independence in 1827, and served as Secretary of the meeting held here to promote their cause, besides doing other efficient work in their behalf. In 1829 he delivered the Fourth of July oration in Bangor — "a chaste and eloquent production," says the contemporary record. In the former year he was admitted to practice as Counsellor of the Supreme Court of the State, under the rule then prevailing that no attorney should be ad- mitted Counsellor until he had practiced two years in the Court of Common Pleas. He was appointed the same year, being then but twenty-five years of age. Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions, and held the bench for nearly two years. Governor Kent's first legal partnership was with Hon. Jonathan P. Rogers, of Bangor, Attorney-General of the State 1832-33. About the former year this firm was dissolved, and a new one formed as Kent & Cutting, the junior partner of which (though the senior in years) was Hon. Jonas Cutting, Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court from 1854 to 1875. After filling several minor oflScial stations, he was elected a Representative from the Bangor District to the State Legislature, where he served m 1828-29. He was chosen in 1836 the second Mayor of the young city, and re-elected with an increased ma- jority the next year. Although yet scarcely in the prime of life, he was nominated in the first year of his Mayor- alty as a Whig candidate for Governor. Although un- successful in his first canvass, he was triumphantly elected the next year, and after a sharp Legislative and judicial struggle over the returns in an effort to prevent his in- auguration, he was inducted into office late in January, 1838, his inaugural message being greatly complimented by the Whig organ at the State capital. He served one year, and was again a candidate for the Executive chair in 1840, against three opponents, one of whom was the Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, of the same county (then resid- ing at Hampden), who was the candidate upon the Dem- ocratic ticket. There was no election by the people, but Mr. Kent was chosen by the Legislature the follow- ing winter, and served another year at the helm of State. The next year he was a member of the important Com- mittee sent by the Legislature to Washington to repre- sent the interests of Maine in the pending negotiations concerning the Northeast boundary. Soon afterwards \\^ recommenced practice in Bangor, again in association with Mr. Cutting. This partnership continued until he was appointed United States Consul to Rio Janeiro by President Taylor in 1849. He remained abroad four years, and then returned to his practice, with which his brother George, now of the Treasury Department at Washington, and about eighty-two years of age, presently became associated. On the nth of May, 1859, he was appointed by Governor Morrill a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, and was re-appointed by Governpr Cony in 1866, at the expiration of his seven-years term, leaving the bench finally in 1873, in his seventy-first year, with his powers unimpaired. He traveled with his family one year in Europe, and then, notwithstanding his advanced age, resumed practice in Bangor, undertaking a number of notable cases between 1874 and the year of his death. In 1875 he was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of the State, and his last public service was per- formed with distinguished honor as its President. He died at his home in Bangor, May 19, 1877, aged seventy- five years, four months, and eleven days. Governor Kent's first wife was Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel Johnston, of Hillsborough, New Hampshire. Of this union were born one son, James, who died at Rio Janeiro; Charlotte, who married an English resident in Rio, and also died there; Kitty, who survived her mother's death but two years; and others who died young. Mrs. Kent died in 1853, soon after their return from South America; and in 1855 the Judge remarried, this time being united to Miss Abby A., daughter of the Rev. Otis Rockwood, of Lynn, Massachusetts, who still survives him, and resides in Boston, Massachusetts. They had one son — Edward, named from his father, now an undergraduate in Harvard College, and a young man of superior ability and promise. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 763 HON. JOHN APPLETON. The Hon. John Appleton, of Bangor, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, is a native of the Granite State, born at Ispwich, in New Hampshire, on the 1 2 th of July, 1804, only son of Jonathan and Eliza- beth (Peabody) Appleton, of that town. He was de- prived of maternal care and instruction when at the ten- der age of four years, by the death of his mother, which occurred in 1808. His one sister, Eliza Appleton, grew to maturity, and was married to Mr. George Gibson, the father of Charles A. Gibson, Esq., now of Bangor, who was their only child. After due attendance in the elementary schools of the time at his home, young Appleton took his preparatory course for college also at New Ipswich, in the Academy there. In due course he entered Bowdoin College, and was graduated with credit from that institution in the class of 1822, when he was but eighteen years old. He began to read law with George F. Farley, Esq., of Groton, Massachusetts, and afterwards pursued his studies with his relative, the celebrated Nathan Dane Appleton, in Alfred, the shire-town of York county, Maine. He was admitted to the bar, however, in his native State, at Amherst, New Hampshire, in 1826, when scarcely more than of ull age. The same year he removed to Dix- mont, in Penobscot county, and opened an office for law practice. He remained there, however, but a few months, and then removed to Sebec, then also in Penobscot, but now in Piscataquis county, where he lo- cated in the fall of the same year. For six years he re- mained in this then remote and sparsely settled country, and finally, in 1832, came to Bangor to make another beginning of business; and here he found a permanent home, in which he has resided during the last half-cen- tury, much of the time aiding largely to give it name and fame. In his first year at Bangor he formed a partner- ship with Elisha H. Allen, Esq., under the firm name of Allen & Appleton. This relation in business existed until 1841, when it was dissolved by the election of Mr. Allen to a seat in the Federal Congress. He is now, after a long and honorable career, ex-Chancellor of the Sandwich Islands, and Minister of that country to the Government of the United States. Judge Appleton had subsequently a partnership with John B. Hill, Esq., of Bangor, and then with his brother and former student, Moses L. Appleton, Esq. The latter association was maintained for a number of years, until it was necessarily broken by the appointment of the subject of this notice to the Supreme Judicial Bench. He had already in his profession reaped a full share of success, with its attendant reputation and honors; and in 1841, on the fifth day of March, he had been appointed Reporter of Decisions for the court of which he was ten years afterwards to become a member. He served about one year, and was the compiler and editor of volumes XIX. &nd XX. of the State Reports- volumes which are highly esteemed in the profession. May II, 1852, Mr. Appleton received his first appoint- ment as Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, in which body he has served with distinction for now thirty years. He was re-appointed at the expiration of his term, and on the 24th day of October, 1862, upon the retirement of Chief Justice Tenney, he was elevated to the head- ship of the Court. He was re-appointed Chief Justice September 17, 1869, and again September 20, 1876, now serving his third term of seven years each, which will not expire until September of 1883. For some years the energies of Justice Appleton were devoted in part to the preparation of a treatise on Evi- dence, which was published at Philadelphia, in i860, and has had a very wide circulation and reputation. He is still remarkably vigorous in mind and body, although in his seventy-eighth year, and bids fair to round out a full century in eminent honor and usefulness. Judge Appleton was married February 6, 1834, "to Sarah N. Allen, who died August 12, 1874. His second wife was Annie V. Greeley, to whom he was united March 30, 1876. General John F. Appleton, a promi- nent lawyer in Bangor and a distinguished officer in the late war, deceased August 12, 1874, was the oldest son of the first marriage. CONGRESSMAN LADD. The Hon. George W. Ladd, Representative in Con- gress from the Fourth or Bangor District of Maine, was born in Augusta, September 28, 181 8, son of Joseph Ladd, an immigrant from New Hampshire ten years be- fore. His father was an extensive merchant, lumberman, and vessel-owner, and in his later years added to the first-named business a branch in Florida, where he died in 1835. His mother was the oldest daughter of Thfe- ' ophilus Hamlin, of Augusta, an immigrant from Massa- chusetts in 1784. She was a lady of unusual energy and mental power, and joined her husband cordially in his liberal schemes for the education of their child. George enjoyed the advantages of private instruction, as well as attendance upon the public schools. In due time he was sent to the University at Kent's Hill, in this State, but his preparation for college was completed under the Rev. J. H. Ingraham, the famous writer of religious novels. Financial considerations, however, obliged him to check his progress on the classic road, and he soon after ef- fected an engagement as a druggist's clerk in his' native town. It is this circumstance alone that has caused him to be familiarily known as "Dr. Ladd" from that day to this. He remained with the firm, of which the junior member was an older brother of his, for six years. It was a profitable period for him, as giving him excellent opportunities for mental growth and for acquaintance with men and affairs. His business abilities were already much developed at the age of eighteen, when he was en- trusted with the sole management of an extensive drug store. He removed to Bangor two years later, in 1838, where he opened a drug store on his own account, and remained in the business with marked success for fifteen years, receiving valuable aid from his uncle, the Hon. Luther Severance, for a quarter of a century the able editor of the Kennebec Journal. During his earlier 7^4 iiiStORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAli^fi. residence here, in 1843, Dr. Laddwas united in marriage to Miss Marcia D. C. Ingraham, daughter of his former tutor, grand-daughter of the Hon. Daniel Cony, and niece of the Hon. Ruel WilUams, United States Senator from Maine in 1837-42. Dr. Ladd was one of the pioneers of the railway in- terest in Maine, giving it for years his best energies and enthusiastic support. His speeches and printed articles on this subject attracted marked attention, and were widely circulated. He began in politics as a Whig and ari ardent admirer of Henry Clay. He was a member of the Whig State Committee for several years. Upon the break-up of that party in 1856, he practically retired from the political field until the Presidential canvass of i860, when he again came to the front as a prominent member of the "Constitutional Union" or Bell-Everett party. That organization and the Douglas wing of the Democracy were co-operating to avert, if possible, the threatened disruption of the Union, and thus earned from their opponents the ironical but very honorable title of "Union Savers." At a large joint-meeting of the parties in Bangor, Mr. Ladd was presiding officer. In the next Presidential campaign he supported the claims of Gen- eral McClellan for the Presidency, and rendered the Democracy of Maine efficient service. In i866 he was one of its delegates to the National Union Convention in Philadelphia. Two years thereafter he was the nomi- nee of the Democracy of the Fourth District for Con- gress; but they were then in a minority, and he was de- feated. In 1878, however, being renominated, this time by both the Democratic and the Greenback conventions, he was elected by a majority of nearly three thousand, in a total vote of about twenty-three thousand. Just ten years before, the Republican candidate in the same Dis- trict had been elected by a majority of nearly five thou- sand, which had been pretty closely kept good by that party down to Dr. Ladd's election. His most notable speech in the XLVIth Congress was one of considerable power on Wood's "Funding Bill," which was much read and quoted at the time. He was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and a member of the Committee on Banking and Cur- rency. In 1880 he was renominated and elected to Congress by a majority of 880, on the largest vote ever polled in the District. The next February, near the close of his first term, he delivered a strong speech in the House on the registry of foreign shipping, which was greatly applauded as a true representation of the great shipping interest of Maine and New England. A biographical sketch of Dr. Ladd, prepared for the forthcoming book, "Public Men of Our Time,- from which the materials of this notice are mainly drawn, closes with the following remarks : Dr. Ladd has business capacity, and the forty years of bis business life in Bangor have been marked by the closest application. Ambitious to obtain wealth, he sought it through the legitimate channels of labor and forecast, rather than by the doubtful expedients resorted to by the .peculator and adventurer. His personal integrity was never ques- tioned. An extensive reader, particularly of history, he has devoted much time and thought to the subjects of finance and political econ- omy generaUy. Asa public speaker he is fluent, self-possessed, bold m attack, and quick of repartee. His devotion to his public duties his uniform courtesy, and his fidelity to the interests of his constitu- ents, render him deservedly popular, and his friends indulge the hope that many years of public life and usefulness are yet reserved for him. HON. LEWIS BARKER. The Hon. Lewis Barker, member of the Executive Council of the State, and long a prominent attorney and political leader in Eastern Maine, is of an old English family, which has been traced back to the begin- ning of the twelfth century. It is not certainly known when his ancestors reached America, but it was at least two hundred years ago, when they are found occupying farmsteads at Exeter, New Hampshire. On the mother's side he is of the Peases of Parsonfield, among the ear- liest settlers of that part of Maine. He was born in Exeter, Penobscot county, which was named by his father and associates from the old home in the Granite State. His natal day is February 18, i8i8. He was the fourth son and seventh child of Nathaniel and Sarah (Pease) Barker, who were married in Exeter, and lived there the whole of their married life. His father was killed by an accident in Bangor in 1823, at the comparatively early age of thirty-eight. The mother survived until January 6, 1880, when she passed away forever from the old home in Exeter, at the remarkable age of ninety-one. Among the brothers of Mr. Barker are the Hon. Noah Barker, one of the most prominent citizens of Corinth, whose public services are elsewhere duly noticed in this History; and the late David Barker, Esq., who was also a native of Exeter, and resided there all his days as an at- torney, frequently relieving his severer labors, however, with the composition of a class of simple, popnlar poems which earned him from William CuUen Bryant the appel- lation of "the Burns of America." Among the best known and widely circulated of his writings are " The Empty Sleeve," "The Under Dog in the Fight," "The Covered Bridge," and others, which all the English- reading world knows by heart. In 1876, after his death — which occurred two years before — his works were col- lected and privately published, under the editorship of the subject of this memoir, with a biographical sketch by Judge John E. Godfrey, of Bangor. The feeling and el- oquent eulogy pronounced by Judge Peters before the Pe- nobscot Bar formed a part of the biography. ' Although printed only for private circulation, the work was much viewed in the Independent and other leading journals of the day, sometimes at great length, and numerous of- fers have been made by publishing houses for its republi- cation for the general market; which it may be hoped, in the interest of popular poesy and general literature, will one day be permitted. The young Lewis was trained mainly in the stern school of the world. He received some formal educa- tion in the rude district schools bf his childhood, with four or five terms at intervals at Foxcroft Academy, dur- ing the Principalships of Dr. Stevens and Professor Ropes, 1830-34. From the age of fourteen, however, he "did for himself." He boarded two miles from the Acade- MistORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 765 my, working and " doiag chores" for his board, and walking to and fro in all weathers. When sixteen years old he began to teach school in a district adjoining his home, and for seven years taught more or less in that and other schools of Exeter and elsewhere. His opportuni- ties were improved, however, in perfecting himself in his studies and reading, somewhat widely. About 1838 he began studying law with the Hon. A. G. Jewett, of Bel- fast, but then of Bangor, and formerly United States Minister to Peru ; and then with Messrs. Kent & Cutting, the head of whom was Governor of the State and after- wards became Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, as did also Mr. Cutting, the two sitting together upon that bench — a quite unique fact in the history of the profes- sion. With them he completed his elementary studies, and was admitted to the Bar of the State in 1841. He began busmess at once in Stetson, adjoining his old home, and remained there in successful and widening practice for thirty years. He then removed to Bangor, where he has since been prominent in the legal profession of the county and of Eastern Maine. He is now head of the flourishing firm of Barker, Vose & Barker, whose members are himself, Thomas W. Vose, Esq., (admitted to the partnership in 1876), and Lewis A. Barker, only son of the head of the firm, who was admitted in 1875, after an undergraduate course at Union College and a professional training at the Albany Law School. Mr. Barker, many years after coming of age, took little more interest in politics than to do his duty at the polls, and in a quiet way in the local party councils. The out- break of the war found him a comparatively obscure, un- obtrusive country attorney. He had thus far steadily supported the Democratic party, but, moved by the new issues created by the war, and discontented with certain partisan aspects of the situation, he became an ardent working Republican, and very soon was well-known in the politics of the county and State. For the first time in his life he developed an extraordinary oratorical faculty; and his services as a Union and Republican speaker were early in request in many States. Substantially abandon- ing his profession for the time, he gave himself and his best efforts to the great cause, and speedily won enduring fame for the pungency and power with which he pressed his arguments and appeals upon the people. He has in later years been called to the stump in New York State in every Presidential campaign since and including 1 864 ; and has also spoken often and effectively for his party in all the New England States, in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and other leading sections of the country. Countless complimen. tary notices, from the press and from distinguished con- emporaries, have been given him in the course of his re- markable career of the last twenty years, from which a good-sized volume might be made up. Mr. Barker's services were also soon in demand by his fellow-citizens as a legislator and public officer. In 1864 he was sent by his constituency of the Stetson, Ply- mouth, and Newport Representative District to the State Legislature, and served in the House that session ; then in the Senate in 1865-66; and was returned to the House the next year, when he was made Speaker of that body, and served during the term. In 1870 he was again in the House, and with that closed his legislative service. He was on the Judiciary Committee of one or the other body every term of service, and Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Commitee both terms. He was also on the Elec- tions and other important committees. In 1880 he was chosen by the Legislature a member of the Executive branch of the State Government, in the Governor's Council, and rendered invaluable aid as confidential adviser to Governor Davis, who had been his law-student in Stetson, and had just become the Chief Magistrate of the State under pe- culiarly embarrassing circumstances, after the great strug- gle over that office in the winter of 1879-80. During the whole of the conflict Mr. Barker was Chairman of the advisory committee of his party, and rendered very great aid in bringing about the result of Republican vic- tory. He is still serving with the Executive Council. Mr. Barker was a Representative to the National Repub- lican Convention of 1868, which nominated General Grant for the Presidency; was one of the committee that went to Washington to notify the General of his nomina- tion ; and was made at the convention a member of the National Republican Committee for Maine for the next four years. He was again a National delegate, to the Chicago Convention of 1880, which nominated the late General Garfield to the Presidential chair, and was on the committee on resolutions, which prepared the Republi- can platform of the campaign. Mr. Barker was married August 2, 1846, to Miss Eliza- beth, third daughter of Colonel Frances Hill, of Exeter, and Mrs. Elizabeth (Wasson) Hill. The mother is of the family to which belongs the celebrated thinker and writer, Mr. David A. Wasson. She is still living. They have had but two children, of whom the eldest was Evvie, born May 11, r848, and died November 3, 1872. She was regarded by her friends as a lady of great promise, and won considerable repute as a writer for the public press, in both prose and poetry, two pieces of hers at- taining large and probably enduring fame — one, the poem beginning — Do the angels kiss good-night, which has been set to music and widely sung, and is considered one of the sweetest things in the lan- guage. The other, " Angel Whispers," has also been generally published as a fugitive piece in the newspa- pers of the country. The second and only surviving child is Lewis Amasa Barker, Esq., previously men- tioned as a member of the well-known -law firm, who was born August 12, 1854. He was married Octo- ber 14, 1875, to Miss Maggie, daughter of the late Moses L. Appleton, Esq., a leading member of the Bar in Ban- gor in his day, and brother of Justice Appleton, of the Supreme Judicial Court. They have one child, a son, who is also named Lewis, the third of the family line bearing that cognomen. 766 ttlSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. HON. HENRY LORD. This gentleman, a prominent business man of Bangor, President of the Board of Trade in that city, and ex- Speaker of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature, is a native of the place, "to the manor born" May 7, 1847. His parents were Charles E. and Caro- line Lydia (Weston) Lord, old residents of Bangor. Their son Henry was educated in the public schools of the city, and also went for a time to the Bucksport Sem- inary. As soon as he was of age, however, he began his business career as a clerk for Mr. Thomas L Stewart, a prosperous shipping broker and general commission mer- chant in Bangor; but in due time, having received a good training under Mr. Stewart, he set up an independent es- tablishment in the same business and at the identical stand where he has since remained and now is, at No. 2 1 Exchange street. Mr. Lord not only began his business life in early man- hood, but also entered into politics almost as soon as he became a voter. Adopting from the beginning the prin- ciples and policy, of the Republican party, he quickly be- came active and prominent in the organization of that party in his native city, and after a few years began to receive public office at its hands. He held several ward offices prior to 1872, when he was elected a member of the City Council from the Third ward, and was continued in that body by successive re-elections for three years. During his second and third years he served, by the suf- frages of his fellow-members, as President of the Coun- cil. In the fall of 1876 his field of action as a political leader and legislator was enlarged. He was elected by his party as a Representative in the State Legislature from the Bangor District, and was returned to the same house the next year, during which his business and gen- eral abihtyand integrity secured him the high position of Speaker of that chamber ^ the third office in the State. Mr. Lord, previous to his more active business career, had read a course in legal study with Messrs. Peters & Wilson (now Wilson & Woodward, the head of the for- mer firm having become a judge of the Supreme Judi- cial Court), and with Colonel Jasper Hutchings, then and for some years since the J'rosecuting Attorney for Pe- nobscot county. Although he finally chose his life-work in another vocation, and was never admitted to the prac- tice of the law, he has found the knowledge attained by his studies of much value to him in his legislative service and in his business, especially in maritime affairs, in which he has been largely concerned. He is quite ex- tensively interested in shipping, having an interest in a large number of coasting and sea-going vessels, of a con- siderable part of which he is either agent or managing owner. Among other local honors bestowed upon Mr. Lord, he was in the spring of 1881 chosen President of the Bangor Board of Trade. He also served for some years as a member of the city School Committee, and is a Di- rector of the Mechanics' Library Association. He is now in the prime of his manhood, in good health and most energetic, efficient action in whatsoever will advance his business interests or aid to build up the community in which his life has been spent. The religious faith of Mr. Lord is that of the Univer- salists, although he is not in membership in their church. He has twice been elected Vice-President of the Maine State Convention of Universahsts. CAPTAIN CHARLES A. BOUTELLE. This distinguished gentleman, the senior proprietor and editor-in-chief of the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, is a native of the Pine-tree State, ^ born at Damaiiscotta, February 9, 1839. When he was but nine years old, in 1848, his parents removed to Brunswick, where he was given a good common-school and academic : education. His parents wished him to add a collegiate course; but his father was a prominent shipmaster, and the boy had imbibed a taste for "a life on the ocean wave," which took him early to sea on the vessel of the elder Boutelle, under whom he passed early through several grades of the seafaring profession. He had been on the deep already about nine years, although now but twenty-four years of age, when, upon his return from . foreign parts, in February, 1862, he found his country at war. His patriotic instincts led him at once to offer his energies to the Government in that arm of the service for which he felt best fitted; and upon the recommendation of leading commercial houses in New York City, backed by Senator Fessenden and Congressman (now Judge) : Walton, of Maine, he was appointed by the Secretary of the Navy as Acting Master, his commission dating from April 8, 1862. He was assigned to the war-steamship . Paul Jones, of the South Atlantic Squadron, and served upon it during the blockade of Charleston, participating in the attacks upon Fort Sumter, the occupation of Port Royal by the Federal forces, and the clearance of the Carolina and Georgia Sounds along the coast from the rebel cruisers and gunboats with which they were infested. He also bore honorable part in dangerous shore duty, as at the battle of St. John's Bluff, Florida, and at the capture of Jacksonville, where he commanded a battery of marine howitzers, co-operating with the land foices under Colonel Hawley of the Seventh Connecticut and Colonel Good of the Forty- seventh Pennsylvania infantry regiments. He was then transferred to the squadron engaged in the blockade of Wilmington, where he rendered chief aid in the capture of the Nutfield and the Wild Dayrell, two swift blockade- runners. In the spring of 1864, being then sailing- master and ordnance officer of the gunboat Sassacus, he was in the terrible and close engagement of that vessel with the powerful rebel ram Albemarle, which occurred May 5 of that year, an engagement characterized soon after by a correspondent of the Army and Navy Journal as "one of the most unusual and remarkable naval con- flicts of this or any other war, in which the contending forces were so markedly disproportionate, and the result so contrary to preconceived ideas of 'iron-clad' invinci-, bilility, that it may justly claim to take an historical posi- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 767 tion on the same page that records the brilliant exploits of Decatur and John Paul Jones." The Albemarle was beaten off and badly disabled, and her consort, the gun- boat Bombshell, with four rifled guns, a large quantity of ammunition, and a full complement of officers and men, was captured. Captain Boutelle's services were conspic- uous in this action. Lieutenant-Commander Roe, of the Sassacus, in his official report said : I take great pleasure in testifying to the fine conduct of Acting Masters A. W. Muldaur and C. A. Boutelle. These officers were as cool and fearless as at a general exercise. I respectfully recommend each for promotion to the grade of Lieutenant, deserved for good be- havior and ability before the enemy in battle. Mr. Boutelle was accordingly promoted by Secretary Welles, within three weeks afterwards, to the highest grade which a volunteer officer could then obtain in the navy, an honor conferred for this special reason upon few during the Rebellion, — that of Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, "inconsideration," the Secretary wrote, "of your gallant conduct in the action with the rebel ram/ Albemarle on the 5th inst." He was assigned to the command of a light draught gunboat in the Louisiana waters, but was presently transferred, at his own desire, to the fleet of Admiral Farragut, which was about to attack Mobile. He volunteered to lead the movement upon the defenses, and his was the first vessel to force the obstructions below the city. Upon the retreat of the rebel force, he followed it for some distance up the Tom- bigbee, and captured a cotton laden steamer and a crew from the rebel Admiral Buchanan's flag-ship. He subse- quently held for a time the position of an Acting Com- modore, in command of the naval forces in Mississippi Sound, occupying the waters from Lake Pontchartrain to Mobile Bay. After some further service in the South until the close of and after the war, he was finally dis- charged, at his own request, when near the end of four years of distinguished service, and left the navy January 14, 1866. He afterwards commanded a steamer running between New York and Wilmington, and then accepted an engagement with a prominent shipping commission house in New York City. He had a strong bent for journalism, however, an4 had already written much in various ways for the newspapers. In the spring of 1870 the proprietors of the Whig and Courier, at Bangor, offered him the post of managing editor of that influen- tial journal. He accepted for a trial of three months, and at the termination of that period consented to a permanent engagement. May 15, 1874, the establish- ment was bought by himself and his present partner, Mr. Benjamin A. Burr, he remaining editor and Mr. Burr taking charge of the publishing department. The history of the Whig and Courier under their conduct is well known through all the Penobscot country. Mr. Howard Owen, in the series of articles on American Journalism, in the New York Telegram, said the following in the forty-fourth number, which was devoted to the Bangor Whig and Courier : The newspaper men of the State concede to Captain Boutelle a position in the foremost rank of the profession. His style of writing is chaste and cultured, as it is pointed and vigorous. Never striking at a fallen foe, he aims ponderous blows at error in all its forms, while truth and the right, as viewed from the solid and unmistakable RepubUcan platform 'on which he has everstood, never had a more earnest, devoted, and stalwart defender. In the habit of forming his own opinions, his editorials come out fresh and sparkling from the mint of his own un- biased thought, without waiting to draw ready-made from the metro- politan press, as editors of less breadth of thought find it most conve- nient to do. This independence and fearlessness have given to the Whig a commanding position and influence rarely attained by a news- paper published in a city the size of Bangor. An editorial reference to the article, in the same num- ber of the Telegram, comprised the following handsome compliments: An apt illustration of the fitness of the polemic temperament for the press is presented to-day in our history of the Bangor Whig and Cou- rier. The present prominence of that paper is due less to the honor- able record of nearly half a century behind it than to the half-dozen years of Charles A. Boutelle's administration. It will be noticed that Captain Boutelle has displayed the instinct for fighting in every profes- sion or vocation to which he turned his hand, in actual war and in politics.. In the conflict of ideas wherein he now bears a leading ban- ner, he has always been a noted and stalwart fighter. All his preceding exertions, tending to develop his talent for aggressiveness, for cham- pionship and leadership, qualified him for his present work. When he. stepped into the ranks of journalism he was a journalist ready made. In the canvass of 1880 Captain Boutelle was the choice of his party as a candidate for Representative in Congress; and although he was pitted against almost hopeless odds, he made a very gallant fight, and came out of it with a highly flattering, though not otherwise successful vote. WILLIAM H. BROWN, M. D. Dr. William Hammond Brown, ex-Mayor of Bangor, and long a leading practitioner in the city, belongs to one of the oldest families in Eastern Maine. On his mother's side, as his name may hint, he is a Hammond. His maternal grandfather. Captain William Hammond, from whom the Doctor is named, was the original pro- prietor of most of the tract now occupied by Bangor, on the west side of the Kenduskeag, and from him Ham- mond street is named. He was a soldier of the Revolu- tion, his commission being signed by General John Han- cock, and now in the possession of Dr. Hammond. His daughter Sophia was the wife of Mr. George Washington Brown, who came from Concord, Massachusetts, to Bangor about 1805, and engaged in trade as a merchant in the firm of Taylor & Brown, who occupied a modest frame store on the ground now covered by the elegant Wheelwright & Clark Block. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown were born five children, of whom William was the fourth, and the second son. The oldest brother, George W. (named from his father), is a lawyer in St. Louis, where he has been practicing for many years ; the youngest brother, Reuben Howe (also family names), Uved in Boston for some time, and died there about ten years ago. The oldest sister, Sophia, married Professor D. S. Talcott, late of the Theological Seminary in Bangor, and is now dead; the younger sister, Mary, became Mrs. George W. Pickering, wife of the well-known business man in West Bangor, and is now also deceased. The venerable mother survived until November 4, i88r, when, at the age of ninety-one years, she departed this life at the residence of her son, the subject of this sketch. 768 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. William Hammond was born on what is now High street, in this city, Tune 14, 1822. He attended the public schools to some extent; but at a select school at- tached to the S eminary in his early dayshe was fitted for college. He entered Bowdoin in 1838, and was gradu- ated with honor four years thereafter. He began to read medicine at once with Dr. John Mason, one of the most famous of the old practitioners in Bangor. During three courses he attended the lectures in the Medical Department of Harvard University, at the same time en- joying the advantages of the Tremont Street Medical School, in Boston. He received his diploma from Har- vard in 1850. He had thus spent nearly nine years in faithful and well-directed study before applying for his medical degree. Not satisfied with this, he went abroad and engaged in clinical work and further study under the great masters of London and Paris. He re- ceived his instruction in surgery mainly under the cele- brated Velpeau, and pursued his medical studies at the French capital with the eminent Drs. Valleix, Trous- seau, and Ricard. He also spent several months in Dublin, in studying diseases of the eye under Dr. William R. Wilde, Oculist to the Queen, and at the lying-in hospital known as the Rotunda, then in charge of the eminent obstetrician. Dr. William McClintock, where he made special studies in obstetrics and gynaecology. This very thorough preparation over, he returned and made a final entry upon American practice. Before going abroad he had spent about three years in the profession, in Massachusetts and at his old home, and returned to Bangor for the recommencement of his business. In 1857, his health having failed him in Bangor, by reason of overwork and the severity of the climate, he removed to St. Louis, where he recovered his healch and secured a large practice, which he maintained until the outbreak of the war. He then found residence in the border city quite too unpleasant for a Yankee, and turned his face once more to the familiar hills of the Penobscot, among which his life has since been spent, in the active and successful practice of his profession. He has preferred to remain alone in its pursuit, and to cultivate a general practice, rather than specialties, although when in Dublin he intended to become an oculist. Singular to say, also, he has never had more than one student in medicine, and that one Dr. Henry A. Reynolds, later the famous temperance lecturer, and recently founder of the town of Reynolds, in Dakota. Although somewhat in public office. Dr. Brown has never striven to be prominent in politics, or to take posi- tion as a leader. The first ticket he voted was a Whig one; but he has been an unswerving Republican from the inception of Republicanism. In 1854 his fellow-citizens placed him in the Common Council of this city, where he served one year, and then went abroad. He was re- turned to the City Council in 1878, as a member of the Board of Aldermen ; but at the expiration of his term was elected Mayor of Bangor, and served so acceptably that he was renominated and re-elected to the same post m 1880. He is the only native of the city who has ever thus far been elevated to this distinguished position. During the late War of the Rebellion his medical abil- ities were in request as a member, under appointment of the Governor, of the State Board for the Examination of Surgeons, before whom candidates for the medical staff of the army were required to appear. He is a member of the Maine Medical Association, and has long been a leading member and for two years President of the Pe- nobscot County Medical Association, of which he was one of the founders. He has been a Free and Accepted Mason for over twenty-seven years, and is now a mem- ber of St. John's Commandery of Knights Templars, in Bangor, and of the subordinate societies. Dr. Brown was united in marriage June 12, 1851, in Leicester, Massachusetts, to Miss Anna Eliza, only daughter of John and Ann (Jenkms) Woodcock, a worthy couple of that place, of which the father was a native and a child of one of the oldest families. Dr. and Mrs. Brown have two children — Annie Loise, who is .with her parents home; and May Hammond, who is married to Professor John L. Stoddard, of Boston, the celebrated tourist and popular lecturer. She has invariably accompanied her husband in his tours of travel, and has thus enjoyed rare facilities for seeing the world. DR. E. F. SANGER. Eugene Francis Sanger, M. D., a prorament prac- titioner in Bangor, and a medical officer of celebrity during the late war, was born on the i8th of October, 1829, in Waterville, Maine, oldest son of Zebulon and Charlotte (Wayne) Sanger, and the second of four chil- dren. The father was then engaged in that city as a merchant and lumber operator. He was of Dutch an- cestry, but the family had been in America for some generations, settling originally at Framingham, Massachu- setts. The name is a very rare one in this State. On his mother's side the Doctor shares somewhat remotely the blood of the renowned Revolutionary general, An- thony Wayne. Eugene's early schooling was for a single term in the public schools of Waterville; he then entered the Institute there, and afterwards the Academy, where he completed a preparation for college. He was almost ready for college, indeed, when but thirteen years old ; but his health breaking down, he was unable to complete his preparation until two years afterwards, when he en- tered Waterville College, now Colby University. He spent three years here with credit, and then went to Dartmouth for his senior year. He was graduated from this famous old school with the class of 1849. He then returned to Waterville, after a time visited Virginia, and while there made an engagement as a tutor in the family of Lawrence B. Washington, on the old estate in West- moreland county, where General George Washington was born. He remained with the Washingtons a single win- ter and then returned home. He had already begun to read medicine in a private way, and looked forward to the life of a physician. At Waterville he entered the office of Dr. N. R. Boutelle, and with him finished his preparatory studies. He had meanwhile taken one HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 769 course of lectures in the Medical Department of Bow- doin College, and another at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, from which he took his diploma in March, 1853. After this very ample preparation, he began practice in the responsible post of Assistant-Sur- geon in the United States Marine Hospital at Chelsea, Massachusetts. In the fall of the same year (1853) he was appointed Assistant-Surgeon of the Charity Hospital at New York city, on Blackwell's Island, serving in the various medical departments of the public institutions on the Island. He was a little more than a year in these, and then received an appointment as Assistant Physician in the Children's Hospital on Randall's Island, also near New York City. He declined this flattering appoint- ment, however, and went to Europe instead, where he pursued his professional studies and inquiries in the re- nowned hospitals of Edinburgh, London, and Paris. In about six months he returned to this country, and in May, 1855, settled as a practitioner at Ellsworth, in this State. He remained but two years here, however, and then removed his office to Bangor, where he has since remained in profitable and successful practice, except when absent during the late war. On the 24th of June, 1861, Dr. Sanger was commissioned by Governor Wash- burn as Surgeon of the Sixth Maine Regiment, with the grade of Major. He served in the medical department of the Army of the Potomac until November 9, 1861, when, after due examination, he was commissioned Brig- ade Surgeon, his comission being signed personally — not stamped, as afterwards — with the signature of Presi- dent Lincoln. Out of thirty examined for nine vacancies for this post, he was the third commissioned. On his original appointment, when Surgeons were examined by a State Board, he had been the first commissioned, and was one of but two commissioned as full Surgeons among twenty-five examined. The physician examined next before him had been already appointed by the Governor, was wearing a showy uniform, and was a large, " beefy " fellow. The Doctor is small and wiry; and when the Board came to pass him, the remark went around, "This is a case of Brain against- Beef ! " He continued to act as Regimental Surgeon, however ; but was attached to the staff of General Hancock as the medical officer of his command until he was ordered to the Department of the Gulf. In April, 1862, Dr. Sanger reported to General B. F. Butler, at Ship Island, and was assigned as Brigade Sur- geon to the command of General Phelps, of Vermont. After the capture of New Orleans, he was made Medical Purveyor of the Department of the Gulf and Surgeon in charge of St. James Hospital, in the city. He was then assigned to duty as Medical Director of the defenses of New Orleans under General Sherman, and was Surgeon- in-chief of General T. W. Sherman's division during the siege of Port Hudson. It was upon his report that a number of rebel doctors w'ere ordered out of the Federal lines, notwithstanding their declaration that their pres- ence in New Orleans was absolutely necessary to the treatment of yellow fever. The Doctor reported that they were not necessary, and they had to go. He was presently assigned to General Franklin's (afterwards Gen- eral Emery's) corps, the Nineteenth, as Medical Direct- or, and was with it during the Western Louisiana and Red River expeditions. During the latter, after the retreat from Pleasant Hill, he, in pursuance of a promise made to our wounded men, skillfully penetrated the rebel lines, though under fire, with a small guard and an ambulance load of medical supplies, and actually got back to that place, forty miles distant, was met by a flag of truce (the enemy thinking the whole Federal force had returned), was admitted to the hospitals where the Federal wounded lay, ministered abundantly to their necessities for several days, and finally re-entered the Federal lines safely, after serious difficulties and deten- tions. This feat was hardly paralleled by any other event in the medical service during the war. He was on the staff of General Franklin in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, when that officer was wounded in the leg and his Judge Advocate had both legs shot off. He had after- wards, in his capacity as Medical Director, the charge of the hospitals at Natchez, and also of the hospital steam- ers on the river. His next assignment was in July, 1864, as Surgeon in charge of the Government hospital at Annapolis Junction, near Washington; and then to the medical charge of the Elmira prison for rebel captives, from August to December of the same year. He long afterwards wrote an elaborate and convincing defense of the management of this prison, in answer to the attack upon it by General Hill, of Georgia, from his place in the Senate chamber — which defense was widely copied and commended iu txe Northern papers. After Elmira, Surgeon Sanger became Medical Di- rector of the Department of Michigan under General Hooker, and was in charge of the Harper General Hos- pital in Detroit. Finally he reported to General Thomas at Nashville, just after the siege of that city by General Hood, and was made Medical Director of the District of East Tennessee, with general charge of the hospitals on Lookout Mountain. He was once assigned as Medical Director of the Department of Arkansas; but another appointment was substituted for this. His experience with the army was thus very full of important executive work. In September, 1865, he was finally mustered out of the service, and returned to Bangor, where he promptly resumed practice, in which he has since remained steadily, without special incident. His practice has been large and lucrative, especially in the department of surgery. Under Governor Chamberlain's administration he was Surgeon-General on the Executive staff, with the grade of Colonel. During the war, while at Chattanooga, he was breveted Lieutenant-Colonel in the Medical Staff of the army. Dr. Sanger is reputed to have the largest surgical prac- tice of any surgeon east of Portland. In this department of practice his services are in demand all over Eastern Maine. Besides the usual professional round of duty, Dr. Sanger has contributed numerous papers to medical periodicals and the Transactions of the Maine Medical Society. Among the topics treated are the Resection of Joints, Abscesses of the Lungs, Litholapaxy, Malpractice, 770 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. etc. The last-named paper was published in pamphlet form, was widely circulated, and obtained much reputa- tion. Some of his cases of exsection of the elbow, during his service with the army, are noticed at length in Dr. Culbertson's prize essay on the Excision of the Larger Joints of the Extremities, published in 1876. The doctor is a Republican in his political faith, but has not aimed at prominence in politics. He was a mem- ber of the Common Council in 1870-71, and has been Pension Surgeon at Bangor, by appointment of the General Government, since 1868. In 1876 he was chosen President of the State Medical Association. He is an honorary member of the Detroit Academy of Medicine, also of the Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society. He is now Surgeon of the Second Regiment of State Militia. Dr. Sanger was united in marriage in Boston, Mas- sachusetts, December 9, 1857, to Miss Emily Fay, daughter of Sabin and Caroline (Fay) Pond, of Ells- worth, Maine. They have had three children, all living — Mary Lottie, born March 27, 1859; Sabin Pond, born September 14, 1861, now a student in Harvard College; and Eugene Boutelle, named from his father and his father's medical preceptor, born February 20, 1871. DR. SUMNER LAUGHTON. Sumner Laughton, M. D., is a native of the Pine-tree State, born in the ancient town of Norridgewock, Somer- set county, April 5, 1812, just before the outbreak of the last struggle with Great Britain. He was the youngest child in a family of eight, most of whom lived to vener- able age, one of his brothers, John, dying but a few months ago aged ninety years. He was of English stock, and his father, John Laughton, was one of the early set- tlers of Norridgewock. His elementary education was received in such primary schools as the time and place afforded; but he attended a private academy in Norridge- wock, kept by the Rev. Mr. Brimblecom, thence in 1828 went to Bloomfield Academy, where he remained until the fall of 1829, when he returned to Norridgewock and took a select course of studies under the tuition of the celebrated Rev. Josiah Peet. In 1830 he entered as student the office of Dr. John S. Lynde, of Norridge- wock, father of Mr. John H. Lynde, a former editor of the Bangor Whig and Courier. At the same time he continued his classical studies with a law student in the office of Judge Tenney. In the summer of 183 1 young Laughton came to Bangor and studied with Dr. Samuel Bradbury, whose student he remained until Dr. Brad- bury's death in 1833. He had, however, meanwhile at- tended the Medical Department of Bowdoin College, from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in March, 1834. After the death of Dr. Bradbury, he pursued his studies during the vacations with Dr. Elihu Baxter. He had meanwhile practiced for a few months, as the habit of medical students not infrequently was in those days, about 1833, in the present town of Passa- dumkeag. After graduating he established himself in Orono as a practitioner, and remained there two years, when he removed to Foxcroft, then in Penobscot, but now in Piscataquis county. Here he practiced success- fully for a somewhat longer period, but in 1849 he de- cided to remove to Bangor, where he had visited the hospitals for cholera patients the summer before, and on whose behalf he had volunteered his services. Here the entire remainder of his nearly half-century of professional life has been spent. He has had a very wide and varied general practice, performing not a few of the great opera- tions in surgery, m which his business has been large. He is now the oldest physician in Bangor in continuous professional life, and very likely in the Penobscot Valley, although not the senior of some in point of age. He is still in practice, though of late years he has restricted himself to counsel and calls by day, declining night ser- vice. He has always had a high place in the profession of the county, since his removal to Bangor, and was for a term or two President of the Penobscot Medical Asso- ciation. He has never, until last summer, when ill health compelled it, taken a vacation of any length, ex- cept occasional visits to Boston and to the hospitals of New York and Philadelphia. Dr. Laughton was an old-time Whig in the days of Whiggery, but became an Abolitionist and then a Repub- lican upon the organization of that party. He was a member of the lower branch of the City Council from the First Ward in 1864-5 ^"d 1865-6; but never was smitten with the mania for office-seeking, and had no ambition for pubhc life. When Mr. Greeley was nomi- nated for President, he received the support of Dr. Laughton; and since that campaign the Doctor has not been conspicuously identified with any party. He is a member of the First Baptist church in Bangor, is a Royal Arch Mason, and was Past Grand of a Lodge of Odd Fellows in Foxcroft, which expired during his resi- dence there. Dr. Laughton was married in 1835, January 27th, to Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Nathaniel and Matilda (Young) Parker, of Hampden, who is still hving in a fairly hale old age. They have had four children- Frances Parker, born January 15, 1836, in Orono, now wife of Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., of Bangor, County Attorney for Penobscot; Edward Sumner, born in Fox- croft the i8th of September, 1838, and now residing in Calais, Maine, where he has practiced dentistry for nearly twenty years; Henry Herbert, deceased; and Frederick Malvern, born May 3, 1844, who is the subject of a sketch below. Mrs. Mace, of this family, is well-known in the literary world, in which she has had a reputation for more than twenty years. One of her earlier poetic pieces has a very wide fame — "Only Waiting," which was pubhshed anonymously when she was but about sixteen years old. A more ambitious effort, which has been re- warded, not only by enduring popularity and fame, but by the honor of illustration in an elegant edition by Fredericks, is her poem of "Israfil," published in Har- per's Magazine for May, 1879. A great many other pieces, mostly in poetry, have been contributed to Lip- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 771 pincott's, the Atlantic, and other magazines, and to the leading newspapers of Boston, some of which have won her many compliments from her compeers in the fields of literature, as well as from those who have been de- lighted by the sweet singer. A number of them are treasured permanently in the cyclopsedias and compen- diums of literature which have been published in this country. HON. FREDERICK M. LAUGHTON. This gentleman, a prominent attorney in Bangor, and the only Mayor of the Democratic persuasion elected on a Democratic ticket the city has ever had, is a native of foxcroft, Maine, born, as above stated. May 3, 1844, ygungest child of Dr. Sumner and Mary A. (Parker) Laughton. He was five and one-half years old when his parents removed to Bangor, and took his first formal ed- ucation in the public schools of this city, going through the entire course of elementary study as then organized, and passing through the High School, whose curriculum he finished in i860. His preparation for college had thus been completed; but the failure of his eyesight com- pelled him to rest from study for some years, and he finally determined to go on with readings in law instead of the classics. He began m the office of his brother-in- law, Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., in 1864, and remained therein until the fall of the next year, when he entered the Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, at the commence- ment of 1866. In the meantime, at the October term of court, 1865, he had been admitted to the Penobscot . Bar, which enabled him to graduate at Harvard after but one year's residence. He returned to Bangor, and at once formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, under the firm name of Mace & Laughton, their office being in the same block (Wheelwright & Clark's) where Mr. Laughton now is. In 1871 this partnership dissolved, and each opened an office in another place for separate practice. Mr. Laughton went into the building then known as Bass's Block, where he remained about two years, or until the spacious and pleasant rooms he now occupies, and had long desired, became vacant, when he secured them, removed his office, and has since contin- uously remained there. October i, 1880, he took into partnership Frank H. ('lergue, Esq., who had been a student in his office, where Mr. Clergue's preliminary pro- fessional education had been taken altogether, after graduation at the State College. He had practiced for a year alone, with much success and popularity, before his partnership with Mr. Laughton. This firm is still maintamed, under the name and style of Laughton & Clergue, which enjoys a large, varied, and successful * practice. Mr. Laughton early swung away from the political faith of his father, and has been a consistent and un- swerving Democrat since his Ufe as a full-fledged citizen began. He soon became well known in the party, though not attempting to make himself at all conspicuous in its counsels or campaigns, and was elected in 1868, when but twenty-four years of age, a member of the Common Council from the First Ward of the city. He was re- turned the next year; and in March, 1875, after a some- what close and heated canvass and two trials at the polls, he was elected Mayor by a majority of about one hun- dred against a customary majority of the opposition of four to six hundred. He served his term without special incident, except the introduction of the water supply into the city, and retired at its close. He has since not been in public life apart from the regular course of his pro- fession, which brings him at times, as other lawyers, before the eye of the community. Mr. Laughton is unconnected with any of the religious organizations. He is a member of the Order of Free and Accepted Masons, in which he is a Master Mason and a member of Rising Virtue Lodge, No. 10, in Ban- gor; is also an Odd Fellow, a Past Grand Master of the State, and two years a Representative from the Grand Lodge of Maine to the Grand Lodge of the United States; and a Knight of Pythias, in which order he is a Past Grand Chancellor of the State, and likewise Past Supreme Representative, an honor which entitles him to permanent membership in the Supreme Lodge of the World. These associations seem, for the present at least, quite to satisfy the social side of his nature, since he yet remains in the enjoyment of single blessedness. CALVIN SEAVEY, M. D. Dr. Calvin Seavey, the oldest practitioner by continu-^ ous service in Bangor or in Penobscot county, is himself a native of this region, born near the south border of Exeter, June 15, 1809. He was the seventh child and fourth son of the Rev. Reuben and Polly (Pease) Seavey, of that town for many years. The father was one of the earliest settlers in Exeter, only two whites having been chopping there in the woods before he entered. He was a Calvinistic Baptist minister and a farmer, preaching for a number of years in later life to the church at North Newport, where he was residing at the time of his death in the year 1829. The mother survived until 1872, when she departed this life at the advanced age of ninety-one. Her third child, Reuben, brother of Dr. Seavey, was the first-born of white parents in Exeter town. They had sixteen children — eight sons, and as many daughters- most of whom lived to maturity; and there was only one pair of twins among so numerous births. Calvin's elementary education was received at the fireside until he was fifteen years old, when he began attending the common schools of the town in the winters, laboring diligently on the home farm and for hire elsewhere during the warmer seasons. He had not, until he was twenty-one years old, more than six weeks' schooHng in any one year. The next day after he be- came of age he re-entered the town school, then taught by Miss Julia Barker, sister of the Hons. Lewis and Noah Barker, and in the fall attended another kept by E. F. Crane, Esq., who is still living in Kenduskeag. He began to get some reputation as a scholar, and was 772 HlStOkY OF tfiNOBSCOt COUNTY, MAlNfi. presently invited to take the winter school in Carmel vil- lage. He taught it with a success that surprised him and his friends, and he was engaged for three consecu- tive terms, when he declined further engagement, and began the study of medicine. In the intervals of teach- ing the winter schools at Carmel he had studied during several terms at Foxcroft Academy, and by the fall of 1834, when he was twenty-five years of age, he had an excellent preparation for college. He decided, however, to commence professional study without further delay; and the following spring he entered the office of Dr. Paul Ruggles, of Carmel, brother of his first wife. He was two years with Dr Ruggles, and then read for one year with Dr. Daniel McRuer, of Bangor, attending during the winters three courses of lectures at the Maine Med- ical College, at Brunswick, from which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine May 18, 1837. The same spring he settled in Stetson, not three miles from his birthplace, for general practice, and remained sixteen years. He had a very extensive circuit of pro- fessional visiting in what was then a rather sparsely set- tled country, probably twenty-five miles from his resi- dence in each direction, and thus into Piscataquis, Som- erset, and Waldo counties, and often much further. His favorite practice was surgery, in which he achieved much success; and these facts led to his calls more frequently from a distance than came to some of the country phy- sicians. Notwithstanding his large and lucrative practice. Dr. Seavey decided to remove to a more congenial field in Bangor. He came to the city in May, 1853, and has since resided and practiced continuously here. He has retained his ancient enthusiasm for surgical practice, so important in a lumbering country, and has probably per- formed more operations in the same period than any other surgeon in Maine since Dr. Green died. He has had, moreover, the usual general practice of local physi- cians, but in a very large and successful degree. Al- though now seventy-two years old, he yet remains in the full exercise of his professional talents for the benefit of his suffering fellow-men. He is a member in good stand- ing in the Penobscot County Medical Society, the Maine Medical Society, and the American Medical As- sociation, before one or the other of which he has fre- quently read papers and engaged in discussions upon professional topics. He has steadily refused to accept oflScial honors in any of these societies, having a decided dislike to conspicuity. In 1870 he delivered before the Maine Medical College a lecture on The Natural and Moral World and their Phenomena, which attracted much attention, and was printed in pamphlet form. He has several times been invited to address the Alumni Association of the Jefferson Medical College, at Phila- delphia, and accepted once, when he pronounced an in- teresting address upon the history of the College, with biographical sketches of a number of its professors. This effort won him much applause, and led to subse- quent invitations, which he declined. Dr. Seavey is him- self an alumnus of Jefferson, having spent parts of eight or ten winters in study and investigation there, and finally taking his examination and a second degree of M. D. in 1871, when he was sixty-two years old. For many years he has made a habit of taking a few weeks' vacation in January and February, not for touring and junketing, but for careful observation and study in the hospitals of New York and Philadelphia, particularly in the Bellevue Hospital in the former city, and at the Pennsylvania Hospital, of Philadelphia, with which the Jefferson Med- ical College is connected. He is not likely ever to feel too old to learn, and still keeps up his knowledge of Latin and other scholastic attainments, with much pleas- ure and profit. At the commencement of Bowdoin Col- lege in 1863, Dr. Seavey had conferred upon him, in recognition of his scholarship and professional success the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He is the founder of the Seavey Anatomical Museum, in the Med- ical Department of that college (or the "Maine Medical School," his alma mater, to which he is still warmly at- tached. He gave this Museum $x,ooo in gold, and has since added benefactions, with which his own valuable collection will presently be included. He also gave $500 to build the Memorial Hall upon the college grounds. He has ever taken just pride in the literary institutions of the State, and has given liberally to aid them, show- ing thus his faith by his works. The doctor is a Republican in his political faith, but has had no ambition for leadership in the party, still less for office-seeking or office-holding. He is a member of the Independent Congregational (Unitarian) Society in Bangor, and has not cared to connect himself with any of the secret societies. Dr. Seavey was first married in Carmel, October i, 1836, to Miss Ann W., daughter of the Rev. Paul and Mercy (Dexter) Ruggles, the first settlers of that town. He had by her two children — one son and one daughter — of whom the former only is living, Paul R. Seavey, Esq., of the Bangor Whig and Courier, and a well-known popular lecturer. Mrs. Seavey died six weeks after the birth of her daughter, her death occurring in November, 1838. The doctor was remarried December 24, 1839, his second wife being Miss Mary Ann, daughter of the late Henry Hill, Esq., of Exeter. He had five children of this marriage, in order as follow; Henry Hill, who became also an able physician, and at a very early age, being a demonstrator of anatomy at Michigan University when scarcely twenty years old, and subsequently Dem- onstrator at the Bellevue Hospital, and at the Maine Medical College four years, but dying when only thirty- four; Henrietta Ellen, who was born in April, 1847, ^nd died in July, 1879; Jerome Harris, died at three years of age; Jerome Aden, deceased at two years; and Cly- minia Spaulding, died at three years. The mother died in the year 187 1; and the doctor was married for the third time in July, 1877, to Miss Emma, daughter of Warren Weston, Esq., of Brewer, who is his present wife. They have had one child, a son, named Calvin Gross Seavey, from his father and an excellent friend of his in Philadelphia, the celebrated surgeon, Dr. Samuel D. Gross. This son was born November 4, 1879, ^"'^ ^^^^ nine months afterwards, July 26, 1880. The Hon. Noah Barker, of Exeter, a lifelong friend of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 773 the Doctor, has kindly sent the compilers of this work an additional biographical sketch, from which we are able to make but the following extracts : High upon the list of our ' ' self-made men, "who have arisen by their own untiring efforts from obscurity, penury and destitution, to the comforts and enjoyments of refined society, even to the highest distinc- tion in their professions, stands the honored name of Dr. Calvin Seavey. "Is there for honest poverty That hangs his head, and a' that ? " If such there be, Dr. Seavey belongs not to that class of "fools" al- luded toby the "ploughman poet." Honest poverty he considers no disgrace to any man, and especially to him who has struggled through it and extricated himself from its pinchmg grip. Often has the writer of this sketch listened to the Doctor while, with tearful eyes and quiver- ing lips, he would speak of the poverty and wretchedness of the family during the early years of his childhood, and feelingly allude to the hard- ships and sufferings endured by his honored parents in procuring the ■ bare necessities of life, and the means to keep the children from a state of actual starvation ! . . . The doctor is now past seventy-two years of age, and is still vigorous and in perfect health. His professional business is very extensive, and at no time of his life has he had a more active practice than at present. He is now living happily in his old age with his present young, accom- plished, and much beloved companion. In closing this brief sketch of Dr. Seavey, it may be proper to add that he is noted for his good old Saxon pluck, no less than for his kind-hearted generosity, seeming to admit the sentiment that — " There is nothing on earth like ' true grit," It will raise up the feeble and clinical; Take a man, as it were, from the pit, And uplift him to Fame's highest pinnacle. So the Doctor ignores the word ' fail/ With an eye far above * water-level,' And determines to ' weather the gale,' In defiance of Fate or the Devil !" HON. NOAH WOODS was born in Groton, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, September 26, 181 1. His mother died in the autumn of 1816, leaving seven children, two of whom were younger than Noah; in consequence whereof, early in 1817, he was taken to Baldwin, Cumberland county. State of Maine, to live with an uncle, William Fitch, Esq., whose wife was his father's own sister. His uncle had a large farm, was also owner of timber-lands and saw-mills in his vicinity, and was engaged more or less in the lumber business. When very young, the services of Noah were called into requisition in taking care of stock, working on the farm, and as he grew older, in addition thereto, in assisting in all the varieties of lumbering operations from cutting, hauling, and driving logs to manufacturing them and taking care of and marketing the lumber. The mills were located on the Northwest River, in that part of Baldwin now in the town of Sebago, and before the days of the Cumberland & Oxford Canal the lumber from them was hauled to Sebago Lake, rafted, and taken across the lake to Chadbourne's Landing, in Standish — there taken out and hauled by ox-teams to Portland, about fifteen miles. In all the work incident to getting the lumber from the forest to^Chadbourne's Landing he participated more or less. When the Cumberland & Oxford Canal was opened, his uncle was ready with his canal boat, and was amongst the very first in making the passage across Sebago Lake and through the new canal to Portland. Noah Woods was one of his crew on this trip, a common sailor before the mast on the lake and behind the horse on the tow-path on the canal. In the course of his first season of the canal he made several trips on his uncle's boat, and won quite a reputation for himself as a boatman. In the spring of the next year, 1.830, having become dissatisfied with his situation and prospects at his uncle's, and rather liking a boatman's life, he withdrew unceremoniously from his long-time home and associations, and hired out as a boatman with Luther Fitch, Esq., who had built a new boat and was just commencing business as a trader at Northwest River. This movement cut him off entirely from all the home he had, and during his engagement with Fitch the canal boat was his home. In the autumn of 1830 he went by invitation to live with his cousin, William Fitch, Jr., who resided in Sebago, very near his father's. Here he remained during the winter, taking care of the cattle and attending the district school. The term was short, and when it closed, by solicitation of many of his school- mates, he opened a private school, which was fairly well attended and was continued about six weeks. This was his first effort as a teacher, and his pupils pronounced it a success. His opportunities for obtaining an education had been Umited to an attendance from ten to twelve weeks in a year at a little backwoods country school. At his uncle's he had access to desirable, valuable books, and acquired a taste for reading, and during the winter evenings and whenever a spare moment could be found by daylight or pine-knot light, it was given, as a rule, to his books. In the spring of 183 1 an effort was made by William Fitch, Jr., and others, to induce him to return to his uncle's, which would have been successful but for an invita- tion from Major Thomas Perly, of South Brighton (now Naples), to enter into his employment, and in the summer to take charge of a new canal boat then on the stocks. Major Perly was a wealthy man, and had an in- teresting and highly intelligent family about him, some of his children being very near the age of Noah, and he was not very long in deciding to take up his abode there. Until 1839 he had no other home. For four seasons in succession he managed the Major's canal boat acceptably to him, and in the autumn of 1832, having accumulated a little money, he entered the academy in North Bridg- ton, continuing there until the boating season opened in the spring of 1833. Again in the autumn of that year he returned to the academy, and in the winter of 1833-34 took the school in his old district in Sebago and boarded at his uncle's. The older pupils here were his former schoolmates and acquaintances, but his success as a teacher was marked, and the result was that for four more winters in succession he kept the school, and in the autumn of 1837 kept a ten-weeks' term of high school in the same house. His career as a boatman terminated in the autumn of 1834, and after that, when not engaged in teaching, his time was spent at the academy in North Bridgton until the spring of 1838. In the summer of 1836 he taught school in Machias, Maine, and in the autumn of that year was assistant teacher in Bethel Academy one term, and in the spring of 1837 was em- 774 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ployed there again one term. In the spring of 1838 he entered the office of Charles Washburn, Esq., in Harri- son, Maine, as a law student, remaining there until au- tumn. The winter following he taught the district school in North Bridgton, and in April, 1839, entered the office of Hon. John S. Tenney, of Norridgewock, Somerset county, Maine, as a law student. In the spring of 1841 he was admitted to the Bar in that county, and at once opened an office as a practicing lawyer in Gardiner, Maine. In the autumn of the same year, having previ- ously become managing agent for the owners of a town- ship of timber land in the eastern part of the State, a partnership in the law busmess was arranged with Charles Danforth, Esq., now Judge Danforth, of the Supreme Judicial Court. The partnership continued most amica- bly until 1855, when, in consequence of an accumula- tion of busmess upon his hands outside of the profession, Mr. Woods withdrew. In February, 1844, he was married to Miss Sarah W. Ballard, of Gardiner, who died in the spring of 1845. The first public office held by him after his establishment in Gardiner was that of Superintending School Commit- tee, to which he was elected in the spring of 18-45, and to which he continued to be elected up to and including the spring of 1862. In October, 1846, he was married to Miss Harriette E. Blish, of Hallowell, Maine. The same year and in 1847 he represented the town in the Legislature. Gardiner became a city in 1850, and in that year he was a member of the Common Council, President of the Board, and also City Solicitor. In 1862 and 1863 he continued to be City Solicitor, and was also Chairman of the Board of Assessors and of the Board of Overseers of the Poor. In i854he was elected Mayor, and by successive elections held that office up to and in- cluding 1858, and again in 1861 and 1862. From 1854 to 1863 he held the office of President of the Oakland Bank, and during much of the same period was Secre- tary and Treasurer of the Great Falls Paper Mill Com- pany. In 1861-62 and 1862-63 he was a member of the State Senate. In February, 1861, his wife died, and in December, 1862, he was married again to Mrs. Frances A. Blake, widow of the late William A. Blake, Esq., of Bangor, Maine; and in May, 1863, took up his residence in Bangor. Early in 1-864 he was appointed by Mr. McCulloch Comptroller of the Currency and National Bank Examiner, and had assigned to him the States of Maine and New Hampshire. At the end of two years an Examiner for New Hampshire was ap- pointed in that State, but he retained the office and per- formed its duties m Maine until 1869, when, in conse- quence of the pressure of railroad work, he resigned. In April, 1865, he was appointed a Trustee of the State Re- form School, in which position he was retained eight years, and during the whole period was President of the Board, In March, 1864, he was elected Clerk and also Treasurer of the European & North American Company, and m the following July entered upon the duties attach- mg to said offices. This was the beginning of his career i as a railroad man, having had up to that time no practi- ' cal knowledge of railroad matters. April 9, 1868, h? was elected a Director of said company, and retained these offices without interruption until December, 1872, when, upon the consolidation of the European & North American Railroad Company with the European & North American for extension from St. John west- ward, he was made a Director in the consolidated company, and also Clerk and Treasurer, and all these positions he continued to hold until the failure of the consolidated company, and the taking possession of its railway and property by B. E. Smith, Esq., as Trustee of the consolidated bondholders. Thereupon he was ap- pointed his agent and cashier. At his displacement a year later by the Trustees of the Land Grant bondhold- ers he became the Cashier under the new dispensation, and continued in this position until October 13, i88o. Upon the organization of the new company, at that time he was chosen a Director, and later on was appointed President and also Treasurer, which positions he still holds. GENERAL SAMUEL VEAZIE. General Samuel Veazie, who for many years bore so important a part in the business affairs of Bangor and its neighboring towns, was born at Portland, Maine, April 22, 1787. He was the son of John Veazie, whose father, Rev. Samuel Veazie, came to reside in Harpswell from Nantasket in 1767. In his boyhood he was apprenticed to the trade of baker, until he arrived at the age of ma- turity, when he reasoned, from the experience of his master, that the road to wealth did not run in that di- rection, and hence concluded to seek some other em- ployment. He adopted a seafaring life, and at once enlisted as a sailor, before the mast, at $8 per month wages, in the West India trade. In making his bargain, however, he secured, in addition, certain rights of stow- age both ways, and subsequently made purchase of other or extended rights of the same kind. These privileges he so skillfully utilized and turned to so good account in the way of ventures, that in the course of a few years he had earned and accumulated sufficient money to purchase the whole of a vessel of two or three hundred tons. After three or four years of this kind of life, he entered upon a new course as manufacturer and vender of cigars and tobacco in its various forms. Soon after adopting this trade, he removed to Topsham, as a place more fa- vorable to his work. There he gradually added other articles of merchandise to his stock, until he became a general trader in all sorts of goods ordinarily kept by country stores. In this, as in almost everything else to which he turned his attention, he met with flattering suc- cess and encouragement. An amusing anecdote is told of him in connection with this part of his history. For some time after his removal to Topsham, he was accus- tomed to make his purchases of goods at Portland. Hav- ing resolved to extend his custom to Boston, he took, on board his vessel up, a lot of oars for sale, upon the pro ceeds of which he relied to procure the means of paying for his goods, at least in part. Of other traders on board he HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 775 enquired the name of some one who would be likely to purchase his articles. They jocosely gave him the name of a leading dry goods merchant on Kilby street. On arrival at the wharf he made quick tracks to the store of the party recommended. The latter at once saw, in the person of the young applicant, a shrewd and promising customer, and without hesitation entered into his views, procured a purchaser for his oars, sold him what he de- sired of his own stock, and introduced him to others, so that he was able to go home with a good variety of goods and a fine credit. And on comparison of bills, on his voyage back, they found that his prices were decidedly the most advantageous of any secured by the members of the whole company. While living in Topsham he gradually extended his business so as to embrace various other branches, in all of which success seems to have always attended his efforts. In navigation he continued to retain his interest, as well as in ship-building. To this he added an interest in lumbering, which also proved profitable. This led to his becoming the sole or principal owner of the Androscog- gin Boom, which he managed with his usual success. The vessels which he owned he usually, to a large extent, freighted with his own lumber to the West Indies, always finding a good market there and ready return freight. His skill and energy in business are well illustrated by a story, which he used afterwards to relate, of the way he "came it over" the British in the War of 1812. A vessel of his was obliged, by stress of weather, to take shelter in a harbor on the coast of the Bay of Fundy, where it was detained by the military authorities, as a prize from the enemy. Young Veazie at once hurried to headquarters, where he procured orders for the release of the vessel, and started off to deliver them with all the speed that the means of conveyance at that day afforded. He ar- rived in season to get his vessel under way before coun- termanding orders reached the local authorities, and he was safe. While living at Topsham the General was largely iden- tified with all the social, religious, and political interests of the town, and was ever liberal in their support, as also he was in all matters having in view the moral and nat- ural improvement of the place. His contemporary citi- zens, fellow-workers with him, and many a tree and other monuments, still left as witnesses, will attest the truth of this remark. His agents and sea-captains were selected with such care, and were so treated while in his service, as ever to bear willing testimony to his integrity and honorable conduct. During the War of 181 2 he was a loyal citizen, lending his aid and influence as best he could for his country; and being then in the ranks of the militia, he gradually worked himself up from the office of Ensign until he reached the highest rank of General, a rank which gave him his well-known appellative for the remainder of his life. After several years of such active life in Topsham, he very naturally sought a wider field for his ambition and enterprise. His interests in the lumber business neces- sarily turned his attention to the headquarters of that ac- tivity on the Penobscot. In 1826 he became the pur- chaser of the Jackson Davis mills and privileges at Old- town, which introduced him to the principal manufactory of lumber on that river. He gradually enlarged his pur- chases, until he came at last to own the entire privilege and all the mills at Oldtown Falls, on the west side of the river, a title which he continued co hold until death. The mills were several times wholly or partially de- stroyed, but on every occasion were promptly rebuilt, so that at his death all were left in good running order. The mills were the principal industry of the town, and to him are justly credited the activity and enterprise which ever during his whole life characterized that village. While procuring the title, the Williams mill privilege was offered for sale at auction. Veazie and Wadleigh being equal owners of the balance of the shore, it became a matter of a good deal of importance which should se- cure the title thus offered for sale. Both of course ap- peared to bid. At about $30,000 Wadleigh ceased bid- ding, though the auctioneer did not. The game was continued until Veazie was run up to $40,000, when the property was struck off to him at that price. Having de- tected the cheat, he refused to pay any rnore than the bid he first made after Wadlei^gh stopped. This led to a lawsuit, which came off at Augusta, when the sugges- tion was made by the presiding justice that the result must be as Veazie contended, unless the auctioneer was authorized to announce the bids as he did. This made it necessary to have the auctioneer's testimony and a con- sequent haste to know what that testimony would be. Both parties started by "express" for Bangor where the auctioneer resided. They both arrived in town at about the same time, but Veazie had the advantage of knowing where he lived. He consequently saw him first, and the auctioneer was all right. He was "not authorized," and Veazie gained his case. General Veazie removed to Bangor in 1832, taking up his residence in a house on the west side of Harlow street, a few doors north from Abbott Square. Shortly after, he built what is known as the "Veazie Homestead" at the corner of York street and Broadway, where he continued to live until his removal to Veazie. While building his house, Mr. Crosby commenced erecting his on the next lot above, which was of course on a little higher level. As this might give his neighbor a com- manding advantage, the General concluded to add an additional third story to his house, as he "would not be looked down upon by anybody else." After his removal to Bangor, he continued the same general course of life as before, though on a much more extensive scale. As connected with his lumber industry, he came to own at first one-half, and finally the whole of the Penobscot Boom and its charter, a property which proved to him one of great profit and value. As sole corporator, much amusement was occasionally caused in court circles by the exhibition of his records, which show him holding corporation meetings all alone at his house, voting himself President, Clerk, and Director, and tran- sacting all the essential and usual routine of corporate life. Though often led to deUberate upon certain proposed action, yet, very generally, the final vote was unanimous 776 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. upon its adoption or rejection. A serious question was raised at one of the court trials whether the corporation was a "sole" or "aggregate" one in its character. The owners of the boomed logs, however, were very generally of the opinion that, whatever doubt there might be on that question, there was none whatever upon the other, that the corporation was soul-less. As mill-owner he came to be the largest of any man in Maine. After securing the title of all the mills on the falls in Oldtown, some nineteen in number, he bought out the "Corporation Mills" at North Bangor orVeazie, consisting of twenty more, and also the Basin mills at Orono, embracing thirteen others, making fifty-two in all. Those at Veazie he gave to his son John, but the others he continued to own until his death. About the time of his removal to Bangor, the railroad was built from Bangor to Oldtown, one of the very first railroads in America. In 1850 the track was extended across his land to the river at Oldtown, which led to a grave lawsuit on the question of damages, which was tried before a jury on the premises, and resulted in a verdict for $17,000. Other suits followed, which finally resulted in a purchase of -the road and charter by Mr. Veazie, on such favorable terms that it became one of the General's most profitable investments. This road he contmued to operate until he died. The necessity of having a railroad up the valley of the Penobscot im- pressed itself on his mind, and he placed himself in the way of helping it on and sharing largely in its benefits. At his own expense he built the bridge across the river, at the head of the falls, and run his cars to Milford. Unexpected difficulties came in the way, which prevented , the road being extended beyond that point before his death. The European & North American Railroad coming to be built soon after, along the shore from Bangor, his heirs sold out their road and franchise to it, and thus ended the whole thing. General Veazie was never a very active politician or office seeker, and hence had little to do in that line. During a single term he was a member of the Governor's Council and afterwards for two years an Alderman of the city. At another time he was a prominent candidate for Representative to Congress, but was unsuccessful. Early in the General's business life at Bangor he be- came interested in banking, and having become principal holder of the stock of the old Bank of Bangor, he be- came its President, and almost its sole manager. On the expiration of its charter he sought to have it renewed, but at the suggestion of the bank committee, the new bank was incorporated by the name of the "Veazie Bank." This he managed with great skill and success all his life afterwards, so that it came to rank among the firmest and most reliable institutions of the kind in the country, its bills being ever of the safest character. Travelers to the South and West and elsewhere always regarded themselves well fortified against accidents of travel if only duly supplied with Veazie Bank issue, a fact which, in days of State Bank circulation alone, was one of no small significance and importance. The town of Ellsworth having, by the failure of its two banks, suddenly found itself deprived of all bank facilities, General Veazie established a branch of his bank there, and run it until the National bank system came into vogue. After the war commenced and silver currency disap- peared from circulation, the want was, in the eastern part of Maine, largely supplied by fractional scrip put into circulation by the General, over his own signature, to the amount of $70,000, in denominations of ten, twenty-five, and fifty cents, respectively. The scrip was universally accredited and received wherever offered, and afforded great relief to the community, until the Government interfered to do the same thing on a larger scale. Quite a large amount is still out, held probably, where not lost, by curiosity-seekers, or as mementoes of the past. The scrip contained, in its corner, a very well executed likeness of the General, which was said to afford, by well understood tests, a sure proof of the genuineness of the thing. The scrip is still redeemable at the Veazie Bank counter, and an occasional piece makes its appearance. For particular reasons the General refused to go into the National Bank arrangement, and hence never took out a charter under it. He claimed the right to circulate his State Bank notes as currency, no'twithstanding the prohibitions of the National act. The result was that the Government called upon him to pay the ten per cent, tax on his circulation, which he refused. Other State Banks, similarly situated, joined with him to test the question before the United States Courts, Hon. Reverdy Johnson and Caleb Cushing being employed as counsel. His bank was made to lead off as party, and it was in his case that the Supreme Court of the United States gave their decision supporting the constitutionality of the law, and the consequent binding character of the tax. Thence- forth and thereupon all State Bank circulation in the United States ceased. Under the old State Bank system the banks were often accused of overstepping the limits provided by law for their circulation. The Veazie Bank was not free from such a scandal, but on the contrary, it was called upon by the Legislature, on one occasion, to defend itself against the charge. The General made his personal appearance and "owned up," excusing himself on the ground that the people would have his bills, and when they got them refused to bring them back, and so he was obliged to issue new bills to meet the demand and wants of the bank and people too. He was dismissed with a caution, but it was not known that he ever adopted any new rule of conduct. While this same State Bank system was in existence the Suffolk Bank "plan of redemption" was also in vogue, requiring all other banks to keep a sum of money in their vaults free from interest, for the purpose of redeeming their bills as they found their way to its counter. General Veazie could not see why he should be called upon to do so, and in common with many other country banks, regarded the plan as an imposition and unjust, and so refused to obey. The result was that the Suffolk Bank, in all such cases, would make "a run" on the ofTending banks for. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 777 the purpose of their subjugation. But the General was not thus to be conquered. Having procured to be passed an act of the Legislature giving banks a certain time within which to pay their bills, when so presented, the Veazie Bank availed itself of the time allowed, much to the annoyance of the Suffolk. Having acknowledged the demand, the bank would send a manager to Boston or elsewhere, and by exchanging securities possess him- self of checks on the Suffolk Bank, which, within the days of grace, he would present at the Suffolk and de- mand the specie and therewith pay their own bills, thus compelling the Suffolk, not only to hold the bills for the specified time, but at last furnish the specie wherewith to pay them. A recent writer on the subject remarks that "one of the most strenuous opponents of the Suffolk Bank system was the Veazie Bank of Bangor." The State having granted W. B. S. Moor and his brother the exclusive right of steamboat navigation on the Penobscot above Oldtown, General Veazie being of opinion that there was money in it, and holding the act illegal, himself built a boat and put it on the river in op- position. This led to litigation to determine the consti- tutionality of the exclusive act. After passing through the courts of this State, the case went to Washington, where it was argued before the full court and decided adversely to the General, the court holding the act con- stitutional, and thus settling the grave question how far the Legislature had exclusive jurisdiction over navigable waters. Being thus defeated he took his boat to pieces, transported it to California, reproduced it there on the Sacramento, and operated it to great advantage, far more than compensating him for the loss of his case in Maine. It was one of General Veazie's characteristics that, while ever ready to grant to others their legal rights, he was always equally persistent in claiming his own. He was hence often involved in lawsuits, several instances of which we have already cited in this sketch of his life. Among the most famed of all suits in the eastern part of Maine was one which arose between him and Wadleigh respecting their rights to certam mill privileges at Old- town, and in which Daniel Webster and Jeremiah Mason were enlisted as counsel, the former by Wadleigh and the latter by the General. The suit never had any legal ter- mination by judgment, but quietly subsided, and all dis- putes were finally settled by Veazie purchasing all of Wadleigh's interest, more or less, in the shore and falls. Very numerous suits were afterwards waged between the General and the owner of the next privilege below, which lasted for many years and with varied success. The questions being, many of them, unsettled at his death, were finally adjusted by his heirs purchasing the lower privilege and mills, and thus quieting all controversy. Many other suits of importance besides those men- tioned are to be found on the dockets of our courts, all the way along the course of his life, some of very grave importance; but space will hardly allow any more partic- ular description of them here. It was ever a rule of the General always to accept a tender. He was once, by ad- vice of counsel, persuaded to vary his rule and refuse a tender made. He lost his case, however, and never after- wards repeated the experiment. In 1854 General Veazie removed from Bangor and took up his residence in Veazie, a small town incorpora- ted the year previous, from the territory of Bangor, tak- ing its name from him. His removal did not interfere with or interrupt his business in any respect, except as it took all his personal property from the tax lists of the city and gave it to the new town thus brought into exist- ence. He erected a new house within its limits, about four miles from his former home, and there made his legal residence for the remainder of his life. He died in Bangor, at his winter home, on the 12th day of March, 1868, at the age of eighty-one years, lacking only a few days. He left, of course, a large estate, which his heirs inherited as an intestate estate, which was adminis- tered upon by his grandsons, Charles V. Lord and Alfred Veazie. While living at Topsham he married Susanna Walker, of that town, who was born March 29, r792. Their marriage took place July 3, 1809, and she died June 27, 1852. By her he had five children, two of whom died young. The others were as follow, viz : Jones P. Veazie, born June 2, 181 r; married Mary Jane Winslow, and died February 16, 1875. John W. Veazie, born October 30, 18 12; married Ruth Maria Bartlett, and is still alive in 1881. Frances A. H. Veazie, born July r8, 1818; married Nathaniel Lord, and died April 2r, 1866. After the death of his wife Susanna, General Veazie married Mrs. Mary C. Blanchard, May 17, 1859, who still survives. GENERAL S. F. HERSEY. The Hon. Samuel Freeman Hersey, long a wealthy and active business and public man in Bangor, and Representative of the Fourth District of Maine in the XLIId and XLIIId Congresses, was a native of Sumner, Oxford county, Maine, born April 22, t8i2, son of James and Oliver (Freeman) Hersey. Both his grandsires, James Hersey and Samuel Freeman, were soldiers of the Revolution; and he thus came of patriotic, as well as martial stock on both sides. His father was a farmer, and Samuel was born in the first farm-house built by him at Sumner. He was a constant attendant at both sum- mer and winter terms of the school until about his six- teenth year, when he was obliged to take his part in the work of the farm in summer and attend school only in the winter. He was afterwards a pupil at Hebron Acad- emy and at the Buckfield Grammar School, where he met the blooming maiden who subsequently became his first wife. He was of studious habit, and had a keenly perceptive and receptive mind. He was thus often at the head of his classes, and always very near the head. He was not a prig or a "dig," however; but was thor- oughly cheerful and genial in disposition, and as prompt upon the playground as at the recitation bench. Most of his leisure hours were devoted to reading, especially in history and travels. For novel-reading he had never any taste. At school his text-book in parsing for several 778 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. years was Pope's Essay on Man; and the views of the book, as well as its language, made a marked impression ^pon his young mmd, and were largely influential in de- termining the liberal views of theology and man which he afterwards entertained. In his eighteenth year young Hersey began to teach school, and had country schools in charge thenceforth for three winters. He was highly successful in this vocation, but had an ambition to be- come a merchant. He accordingly left the old home- stead in 1832, and came to Bangor, where he took a clerkship in a store, with no compensation but his board. He remained about a year in this position, when, becom- ing of age, he determined to make a venture in business for himself. He had saved $100 by the closest economy during his minority, and, joining this with about as much capital in the hands of an elder cousin, Mr. W. R. Her- sey, the two embarked in storekeeping at Lincoln, in this county, in early April, 1833. They did pretty well for three years, when the financial crash came, and they lost almost all their previous gains. Samuel bought out his cousin, who had become disheartened, and continued the business alone. Meanwhile he was married, January 5, 1835, to his school-boy love, Miss Eliza Ann Stowell, of South Paris, to whom he was very tenderly attached. She died in 1836, September 8, the same year of the dis- solution of the copartnership, leaving him no children. The next year he engaged in a small way in trade at Mil- ford; but was chiefly occupied in managing a large lum- ber operation for other parties. In 1838 a partnership was formed with Mr. Jesse Fogg for storekeeping at Mil- ford and Bangor, Mr. Hersey conducting the store at the former place and Mr. Fogg at the latter. This firm endured for twelve years, or until 1850. They presently added lumbering to their mercantile business, and made large profits. In 1842 Mr. Hersey, now less than thirty years of age, was called to represent his fellow-citizens of Milford in the State Legislature, which he did with conscientious fidelity and ability. Upon his return from Augusta he took up his residence at Upper Stillwater, where he had rented for three years all the mills in the village. Here he was .made Postmaster. In the spring of 1844, having disposed of his Upper Stillwater interests, he removed to Oldtown, and in October of the same year he made his final home in Bangor, where he thenceforth resided to the day of his death, neariy thirty years afterwards. His first residence was in a brick dwelling on Hariow street. In 1850 the firm of Fogg & Hersey was dissolved, and the junior partner aided in the formation of the new house of Nay, Davis & Co., of which Messrs. Thomas L. Nay and Robert Davis, Jr., were members. This co- partnership lasted prosperously, with some changes in its component parts from time to time, until September, 1863, when General Hersey, having already amassed large wealth and feeling burdened with the cares of his estate, and also the management of a large business, re- tired from active participation in Bangor affairs. He had, about the year 1854, made heavy investments in Western lands, and he frequently made long journeys to look after them. Although he disliked these absences from home, to whose pleasures he was greatly attached, he found some compensation in the handsome returns thjese investroents yielded him. The towns named Her- sey, in Michigan, Minnesota, and other Western States, take their designations from his large properties in and about them. His heirs still hold large tracts of these lands, which have in general become very valuable. With all his busy employments. General Hersey found time to do the State some service. In the years 1852-3 he was a member of the Executive Council of the State ; in 1857 again a member of the House of Representatives in the Maine Legislature; in i860 a delegate to the National Republican Convention in Chicago, which nominated Lincoln and Hamlin, and was one of the few New Englanders in the Convention who were original Lincoln men. He was again a delegate in a National Convention in 1864 — that which met in Baltimore and nominated Lincoln and Johnson. In 1864-5 ^^ again served his county in the lower branch of the State Legis- lature. He was also a member of the State Senate in 1867 and 1869. He was also at least once named by his friends in the canvasses for nomination as Governor. During the war he gave one son to the Union cause, and himself rendered active aid in raising the Second Maine Regiment, the First Maine Heavy Artillery (in which his son was an officer), and many other com- mands. He was appointed Assistant Paymaster-General of the State at the outbreak of the war, and personally raised the money with which the Second Maine and other regiments were paid before taking the field. For these services he received no compensation beyond what would defray his expenses and losses in disbursing. In September, 1872, he was elected Representative in Con- gress from the Bangor District, and was rechosen in 1874. His health, however, was rapidly giving way, and after several months of suffering he passed tranquilly away at his home in Bangor, February 3, 1875. Eulo- gies upon his life and character were delivered in the House of Representatives, of which body he was then a member, by Messrs. Hale and Frye, of Maine, and Dun- nell, of Minnesota; and in the Senate by his fellow- townsman, Mr. Hamlin, and by Senator Morrill, of Maine. The remarks by these disringuished gentlemen were thoroughly sympathetic, and their eulogies most cordial and apparently sincere. Mr. Hamlin's were especially noticeable for their exalted estimate of his character and career. General Hersey was a very earnest member of the Universalist church in Bangor, of which he was the main stay. He was abounding yet judicious in his charities, in one period of three years giving away nearly $8,000. He gave to Westbrook Seminary in a single donation $5,000, and Hersey Hall there is named from him. He had no children by his first marriage. July n, 1839, he was again married, this time at Milford, to Miss Jane Ann Davis, of Sidney, Maine. She, too, died January 17, 1862. Of this marriage were born Roscoe Freeman Hersey, at Milford, July 18, 1841; Jane Eliza, born at Upper Stillwater August 4, 1843, died iii Ban- gor, February 14, 1847; Dudley Hall, born at Bangor HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 779 December 24, 1846; Eugene May, born in the same place November 10, 1851; and Edward Lewis, born also at Bangor April 29, 1854. The General's third wife was Miss Emily McClellan Sanborn, of Bangor, whom he wedded March 17, 1871, and who yet survives him. They had no children. HON. THOMAS N. EGERY. Thomas Newhall Egery, probably the oldest iron- worker in the Penobscot Valley, and principal member of the Hinckley & Egery Iron Company, in Bangor, is a Massachusetts man by birth. His native place is Hard- wick, Worcester county, Massachusetts, where he first saw the light April 20, 1809. He was the fifth son in a somewhat numerous family, comprising seven sons and two daughters, children of Thomas and Clarissa (Wash- burn) Egery, who occupied a farm in Hardwick. The Egerys are of North of England blood, two brothers of the name emigrating to America some time before the Revolution, one of them settling on Cape Cod and the other coming to Wiscasset, Maine. They were ship- carpenters, and soon found abundant opportunity for the exercise of their handicraft in this country. His mother was one of the old American stock of Washburns, to which the celebrated Massachusetts men of the name belonged, they being second cousins of Mrs. Egery. Young Thomas was educated altogether m the rude common schools of his day in Hardwick, which he aban- doned for the yet sterner but more instructive school of the great world when he was in his sixteenth year. His winter terms had not averaged more than two and one- half months each ; and he was obliged, by the necessity of aiding in the support of the family, to remain at home in the summer and take his place as a hand in the field. At the age of seventeen he began as apprentice in the town (now city) of Worcester, to a blacksmith, Mr. Wil- liam A. Wheeler, with whom he completed an apprentice- ship; and then, about the time he became of age, he en- tered as journeyman in the machine-shop of Messrs. Washburn & Goddard, the senior of whom was later the head of the great wire-works firm of Washburn & Mowen. Mr. Egery still believes that his plan of commencement is the best for him who would become an expert machin- ist—to begin in the blacksmith's shop. He remained in the Worcester shop about one year after the completion of his apprenticeship, and then emigrated to Maine, where he settled temporarily in Bucksport, laboring for about one year (1831) in the blacksmith's shop of Muzzy & Wing, the head of which firm was Franklin Muzzy, Esq., then of Bucksport, but since of Bangor. Mr. Daniel B. Hinckley, owner of the foundry in connection with the machine-shop; removed his establishment to Bangor in the spring of 1832, and was joined by Muzzy & Wing with their machine-shop and the hands therein, includ- ing the subject of this sketch. This was the first foundry and machine-shop to be operated m Bangor. Young Egery ceased here to do journey-work, and opened a blacksmith's shop for house-work and mill- work next the foundry, especially to execute a contract he had taken for making the iron doors and shutters for the new (the present) Court-house. He still remembers most gratefally and pleasantly the kindness and courtesy he then, a youth of but twenty-three years, experienced from the County Commissioners with whom he nego- tiated — Messrs. Thomas N. Hill, John Godfrey (father of Judge John E. Godfrey), and Thornton McGaw, Esq., — which greatly helped him to self-confidence and to a good start in business. They advanced him $1,000 of the public fijnds wherewith to purchase material and ma- chinery, and otherwise gave him substantial encourage- ment. He joined with him in this work Mr. Hinckley, who was also from his native town and had been instru- mental in bringing him to Maine. The young firm was entitled Thomas N. Egery & Co. They performed their work on the contract to general satisfaction, making the windows and shutters which still, after the lapse of nearly half a century, do good service upon Penobscot's temple of justice. They continued to do such work for several years, with iron fences and verandas and bank vaults, most of. which manufactures Mr. Egery put up with his own hand, and can point with some pride to a great deal of his work still in use about the city. In 1838 the foundry of Mr. Hinckley and the shop of Thomas N. Egery & Co. were united, Mr. Egery becoming an equal partner in the new firm, which bore the name and style of Hinckley and Egery. The boundary difficulty, or "Aroostook war," was pending the same year, and the new firm was soon busily employed, night and day, in casting cannon-shot and in forging the irons for the "Aroostook boom," several tons of which went into the obstruction placed by the State authorities in that river, to keep the logs cut by New Brunswick trespassers upon our lands from running across the line into acknowledged foreign territory. This spasm of war preparation was soon over, however; and the firm resumed the even tenor of its way, prosperously and reputably maintaining itself, and widening its operations and enlarging its works from time to time. In 1850 Mr. Egery joined the tide of emigration then setting to the golden shores of Califor- nia. He went thither by the Isthmus route, while a steam engine and other plant of a foundry and machine shop were dispatched in a sailing vessel "'round the Horn." Messrs. Hincklev & Egery with this started the second establishment of the kind founded on the Pacific coast, at San Francisco, of which Mr. Egery took personal charge for about sixteen months, in connection with the young men named just below. He then returned to Bangor; but the firm kept its interest on the Pacific about two years longer, when it was sold to Messrs. Daniel B. and Barney Hinckley, nephews of the Bangor foundryman, the eldest of whom is stiU in the business in San Francisco. When the War of the Rebellion broke out, Mr. Egery was summoned to Augusta by Governor Washburn; and, as the result of conferences there and with others at Bos- ton, he agreed for his firm to undertake the rifling of the old-fashioned cannon in the State and on the coasts of Maine, which were brought here from several quarters 780 HISTORY 6V PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. for that purpose. New machinery had to be constructed for this work; but it was rapidly and well done, and in such manner as to elicit the praise of the State authori- ties, as may be seen by reference to the report of Gen- eral Hodsdon, then Adjutant-General of Maine. During the war, in 1864, Mr. Hinckley died, a partnership thus ending which had endured harmoniously and success- fully for thirty-two years. His name is still retained in the title of the Iron Company, in honor to his emory. After his death the firm of T. N. Egery & Co. was formed, consisting of Mr. Egery, his brother-in-law Mr. George W. Gorham, and Mr. F. F. French. In about six years, or in 1870, the joint-stock company, as now known, was formed, with Mr. Egery as President, Mr. F. F. French as Secretary and Treasurer, and Mr. Gorham as Superintendent. Of late years Mr. Egery has been gradually retiring from the more active pursuits of the business, and has left the Presidency to younger hands. He still, however, gives much personal attention to the business, and has general care also of the Piscataquis Iron Works, in which he has an interest. Notwithstand- ing his engrossing employments, he has done some pub- lic service. In 1875-76 he was a member of the Board of Aldermen in the city government, from the Sixth Ward, and in 1872 was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, on the Republican ticket, from the Bangor District. In each instance a re-election was offered him, but was declined on account of his busi- ness. He was brought up in the Congregational faith, and has been most of his life an attendant upon churches of that order, but is not formally a member. Although in his seventy-third year, he enjoys remarkably good health, of both body and mind. For nearly the long period of half a century he has been closely identified with important interests in Bangor; and few indeed are left who were his contemporaries here in business hfe in 1832. Mr. Egery's first wife was Miss Sarah Edith Gorham, of Bangor, to whom he was united in 1833. They had six children, two of whom are still living— Clara W., now Mrs. Charles Gibson, of Bungor; and Sarah Edith, wife of Charles C. Prescott, also of Bangor. Mrs. Egery died in 1851, while her husband was on his return from California. His second wife was Mrs. Nancy O. Wright, of Boston, Massachusetts, jyho is still Uving. They were married in November, 1853, and have one child- Mary Annie, wife of Eugene M. Hersey, of Bangor, son of the late General Samuel F. Hersey. JOHN PRESCOTT WEBBER. This citizen of Bangor, one of the heaviest land owners and general business men in Eastern Maine, is a native of the State, born at New Portland, Somerset county, on the border of FrankHn, June 23, 1832. He was the fourth son and youngest child of a family of eight, the offspring of Israel and Hannah (Prescott) Webber. The mother was sprung from the same family to which belonged the Prescotts of Bunker Hill and other historic fame. His father was for many years a seafaring man, in the merchant marine; but finally aban- doned the sea on account of rheumatism and other in- firmities, and spent the later years of his prime and old age in Somerset and Penobscot counties, dying at North Bangor about 1868, going to his grave "like a shock of corn fully ripe." The mother preceded him in death by six years. They were a very worthy couple, eminent in their piety and integrity, and brought up their family with judicious care and fidelity. They had been comparatively wealthy upon his retirement from the sea, but through the machinations of sharpers and others with whom his simple and kindly nature came in contact, his property was lost, and his later years were rich only in faith and good works. The sons early became self-supporting, and some of them are reaping the rewards of their early dis- cipline in large fortunes. Isaac, the second son, resides in Denver city, is a grain and stock-dealer, and a man of large wealth. The Hon. Franklin R., the next in years, an ex-member of the State Senate, is also independently rich — is a prosperous merchant and extensive land owner in St. Albans, near Skowhegan, and a rising man in every particular. John P., the subject of this sketch, has also done remarkably well in life. He attended the country schools in childhood, and obtained the rudiments of a fair business education; but was a pupil very little after he was thirteen years old, except in the great instructive school of the world. At the age of nine he faced the problem whether he should be bound out by the Select- men of Kenduskeag, where the family then resided, or strike out for himself. With the independence of his nature he determined upon the latter, and walked from Kenduskeag to New Portland, where he lived and worked on his brother Isaac's farm for a year and a half, and then returned to Penobscot county. He now became virtual- ly the head and business manager of the family. Tak- ing the school-teacher of the district to board, he had no little difficulty in collecting the board-bill from the Town Treasurer of Kirkland (or Hudson), now the Hon. Charles Beale, to whom the bill was presented, on ac- count of his youthful appearance. By the time John was seventeen he had accumulated, by various labors and petty trading, the sum of $300, which he took to Boston to invest in goods for a country store. He maneuvered industriously among the cautious merchants at the Hub for nearly a week, before he could obtain credit for any purchase beyond his $300. At last Mr. Henry Callender, of the firm of Nash, Callender & Co., wholesale grocers and provision dealers, took an interest in the clear head and shrewd business character of the boy, as evinced by his inquiries and remarks, and not only gave him full credit himself for all purchases desired, but vouched for him elsewhere, until he had bought $6,000 worth of goods. The indebtedness on this was promptly paid at maturity, as all obligations Mr. Webber has since incurred have been met. With his new stock John started a store in Ripley, Somerset county, and prospered from the begin- ning. He took his brother Franklin into partnership shortly, and the two are still associated in a large land ownership and business. His brother drew out of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 781 partnership in two or three years, and went into business in St. Albans, while John set up a store at Exeter, in this county. It is an interesting fact that the brothers, contrary to the general practice of such relations as partners, were thoroughly harmonious and congenial in their associa- tion, without a word of serious difference; and they were so nearly of a size and figure that either could wear the other's clothes as well as his own, and one was accus- tomed to put on the other's, if hs was going from home, and the other had the better. After Exeter, Mr. Webber engaged in store-keeping at East Corinth, having meanwhile visited the West, and started a broker's and land office in Red Wing, Minne- sota, which proved very profitable. In the winter this office was closed; but he would return in summer and re-open it. When the bottom of such business dropped out in the crisis of 1857, he made a final closure there, tetaining, however, large property interests in the new State, and devoted himself to the business at East Cor- inth. In 1864 he sold out his stock and removed to Bangor, where he began operations in land and lumber- ing. He had saved $30,000 from the wreck of a fortune which he had rapidly accumulated in the West. With this he bought a township in Piscataquis county, on Ripogenus Lake — No. 3, Twelfth Range; sent into the woods the next winter a force of thirty men and twelve horses, and put into the lake as a result of the season's labor logs. to the amount of 1,200,000 feet, which netted him $8,000 in his very first operation in the north woods. He has cut from six to ten million of feet almost every year since, upon his several properties in Somerset, Pis- cataquis, Penobscot, Aroostook, Hancock, and Washing- ton counties. From first to last he has probably owned, partly in association with his brother, at least 150 town- ships in these counties. Much of this has been sold, but he retains ownership of three to four hundred thousand acres, more than ssventy-five thousand of which have been purchased within the last year. He has also operated somewhat in the manufacture of lumber; but he now has only mills in the town of Lincoln, most of the wild lands of which he owns, and also the mills on Dead Stream, in Alton, which he has recently acquired. With the latter he bought ten thousand acres in the west- ern part of Alton, running the whole length of the town, and about one thousand in Hudson, belonging to the same tract. He pays taxes in more than a hundred townships. Mr. Webber has been a member of the Hammond- street Congregational church about five years, having been an attendant there nearly all the time since he came to Bangor. He was an old-line Whig in politics, but has been a steady and strong Republican from the beginning of Republicanism. He has not cared, however, to be known as a worker "in the machine," or in the least to engage in office-seeking. He has resided on Ohio street, at No. 17, nearly the whole time of his residence here; but he has recently purchased the Larrabee estate, on Broadway, to which he will remove by and by. He is still in the prime of his manhood, with his business energy and intelligence unimpaired, and has the prospect of many years of suc- cessful and honorable accumulation. Mr. Webber was first married in March, 1851, to a very charming young lady, Miss Annie Sophia, daughter of the late Hon. Bradbury Robinson, of East Corinth, formerly State Senator from that district. Of this mar- riage were born three children — Charles Prescott, born December 23, 1853, now the head of the flourishing firm of C. P. & F. R. Webber, mill owners and dealers in short lumber and lumbermen's supplies at No. 74 Exchange street, Bangor; Frank Roscoe, born March 17, 1856, junior partner in the above-named house; and Frederick, born in May, 1858, and died at the age of six years. Mrs. Webber died in Bangor, August 9, 1869, much lamented by her host of friends. October 12, 187 1, her husband was remarried, this time to Miss Caro Holmes, daughter of Eben Blunt, Esq., head of the former house of Blunt, Hinman & Company, of Bangor, then among the heaviest lumber-dealers in the city. He has three children also by this marriage — Jane, born December 5, 1874; John Prescott, Jr., named from his father, born January 13, 1879; and Channing, whose natal day is January 9, i88r. COLONEL FRANK D. PULLEN. Frank Dexter Pullen, named from his father and pater- nal grandfather, is a native of that part of old Waterville known as West Waterville, in this State, born April 5, 1843, second son of Franklin C. and Drusilla (Hussey) Pullen. The Pullens are old settlers of Kennebec county, having dwelt there for several generations; his mother's people have also been long resident in the Kennebec Valley. When Frank was eight years old he lost his own mother, and he, with the other children, was faithfully and tenderly brought up by the wife (whose maiden name was Martha Cunningham) whom the elder Pullen married in 1856. His formal education was received in the public schools of Waterville, he meanwhile assisting upon his father's farm as he grew old enough; but at the early age of sixteen he left the schools forever, and en- tered the Dunn Edge Tool Companies' Scythe and Axe Factories at West Waterville, now the largest establish- ment of the kind in the world, to learn the trade. At first, as a boy, he was a general helper and messenger; but it was the intention of the Superintendent of the works, Mr. John U. Hubbard, now head of the firm of Hubbard, Blake & Co., of the same place, also a very heavy house, to teach young Pullen, who was a great favorite with him, the whole round of the business. During his second year in the establishment, however, the war of the Rebellion broke out; and the boy's patriotic instincts led him, although he had just turned his eighteenth year and was but barely old enough to be received, to enlist in the military service. He became a member of Com- pany G, Third Maine Regiment (General O. O. How- ard's original command) which company was recruited altogether from the colleges of Waterville, except ten or 782 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. twelve young men who were received by special favor. He was borne on the rolls of this company during his entire period of enlistment, three years; but was soon put upon detached service of various kinds in the com- missary and quartermaster's departments, and with the Adjutant-General of the brigade. During his last year he served in the postal department of his brigade, whose letters and other mail matter for the several companies and regiments he handled with great fidelity. Notwith- standing his service in departments which would have allowed him to remain in the rear without disgrace, he was always in the fight when his regiment was engaged. He participated in all the battles of the command, be- ginning with the first BuU Run, continuing through the heaviest campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, and ending with the affair at North Anna, in th.e last days of May and first of June, 1864. He got through all safely, but suffered a great deal from sickness, as he had entered the service a slight and not over-healthy youth, ill-adapt- ed to the hardships and privations of war. He neverthe- less stuck to the work bravely, although once given up for dead of diphtheria, arid a prayer being said over his remains by one of the army chaplams ; and never once took a furlough to go home on account of sickness or for any other reason, nor did he lose any time in hos- pital except during the terrible illness just mentioned, which brought him near to Death's door. His period of service over with the Third Maine, Mr. Pullen went back to the Army of the Potomac, and re- mained with it, and in business in Baltimore for about a year, or until the close of the war. He then returned to Waterville, intending to go back and engage in per- manent business in the Monumental City; but his plans were changed by a casual visit to Bangor in September, 1865. As a consequence of this he made an engage- ment as clerk with a brother of his stepmother, Mr. James Cunningham, who is still iti business in this city. After a few months in this and other employments, Colonel Pullen was encouraged by a seafaring friend of his to open a clothing store for sailors and other custom- ers. In April, 1867, he accordingly started a new estab- lishment of this kind on Exchange street, at the precise stand where he now is. In this business he has steadily remained since that year, enlarging his stock year by year until his store has grown to its present large propor- tions, occupying two Nos., 17 and 19, of Exchange street, from basement to attic of the three-story building. He began almost entirely without capital, and with a stock that required only a little corner, about eighteen feet square, of his present spacious quarters, for its ex- hibition. By industry, integrity, and strict attention to business he has built up a trade that is certainly second to none of the kind in Bangor,— if indeed, it does not lead the clothing business in the city— all this in the space of less than fifteen years. In the winter of 1874-75 Colonel Pullen and Captain S. H. Barbour, of Brewer, with two or three others, built the little steamer May Field, as an experiment in the trade with Bar Harbor, which was just getting into notice as a watering place. This modest venture, running to Sedg- wick and Bar Harbor two trips a week, was successful in a surprising degree; and in the winter of 1878-79 a larger steamer, the City of Bangor, was built, and the Bangor and Bar Harbor Steamboat Company was formed, in which Colonel Pullen is Secretary and one of the Directors, and General Agent of the line, as he has been from the beginning. The business continued to grow, and still another steamer was required. In the wmter of 1880-81 the Queen City was built, and the three vessels have during the last season had a very heavy trade, paying the stockholders handsome dividends. Colonel Pullen has, of course, retained a lively interest in military affairs, and was long borne on the roll of the Jameson Guards as an honorary member, and assisted in its maintenance as best he could. He was one of the original members of the B. H. Beale Post, No. 12, of the Grand At my of the Republic, of Bangor, organized- soon after the war, and has since been one of the most active of its members and supporters. In the winter of 1880-81 he was appointed by the Governor Commissary- General of the State, with the rank of Colonel, in which position he is now serving. Colonel Pullen is also a Free and Accepted. Mason, in which he is a member of St. John's Commandery of Knights Templars, Mount Moriah Chapter, and Rising Virtue Lodge, all of Bangor. He is also an Odd Fellow in the Oriental Lodge and the Katahdin Encampment ; a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Knights of Honor; and is connected with several of the open societies and clubs of the city. In a number of the or- ganizations with which he is connected, he was a charter member. Since he came to the city, Colonel Pullen has been a very active worker in the ranks of the Republican party, especially in the First Ward, where he has labored effectively against a tremendous opposition majority. He has never, however, been in anywise an office-seeker, nor has he manifested any ambition for political position, except as he could serve the interests of his party, as a member of the City Committee and in the various con- ventions of the State, county, city, and Congressional district. He has been content to remain an influential and laborious private of his party. Colonel Pullen was married June 23, 1868, in Bangor, to Miss Hattie E. Johnson, of that place. They have resided for some years at the Penobscot Exchange. ADOLPHUS J. CHAPMAN, ESQ. This gentleman, a well-known lawyer and jFederal war- claim solicitor of Bangor, is a native of Newburg, in this county, born on Independence Day, 1837. He was a seventh son, born of the union of William and Eliza (Mor- rill) Chapman, who occupied a farm in that town for many years. Both are now dead. The rtiother was daughter of Thomas Morrill, an old resident of Newburg, who died there at the age of eighty -four. Senator Morrill, of this State, is of the same blood. William and Eliza Chapman had a family of thirteen children, of whom HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 783 Adolphus was the ninth. Nine of the brothers and sis- ters are still living, all in Maine but two, who reside in California. Thomas M., the oldest, and Augustus P. re- side in Oldtown; the former being quite noted as an in- ventor, particularly of a saw-filing machine, which has at- tamed popularity. Horace H. Chapman lives in Rock- land, a harness-maker and merchant ; Milton C. resides in Newburg, on a farm about two miles from the ances- tral home; Charles D. is an Orrington farmer and nur- seryman. They have three sisters — Elizabeth, now wife of Captain George W. Orne, of Cape Elizabeth, near Portland; and the two sisters in California. The young Adolphus received his elementary educa- tion in the pubUc schools of Newburg and the Hamp- den Academy, to which he went at about the age of fif- teen, and remained in attendance several terms, when he retired with a fair academic education. He had little taste for farm life, but during his earlier manhood en- gaged in various clerkships, in teaching penmanship, and in other temporary employments. In 1859 he went to the West, first visiting Minnesota, where he remained until the next spring, engaged in lumbering and as a writing- master. He next settled in Davenport, Iowa, where he was a student in Pratt's Commercial College, a young man in his twenty- fourth year, when the War of the Re- bellion broke out. He enlisted at once as a private sol- dier in Company C, Second Iowa Infantry — Captain Brewster's company, raised in Davenport, and among the earliest recruited in the State. He was with his regi- ment in Fremont's army at St. Louis, at Bird's Point, Pilot's Knob, and other points. After about seven months' service he was taken sick of a dangerous fever, the results of which compelled his discharge from the array. He returned to the parental roof in Newburg, and assisted for a time in the labors of the farm; but in the winter of r862-63 he obtained a situation as en- grossing clerk in the office of the Secretary of State, at Augusta, and was on duty in this capacity during the Legislative sessions of two years. In the winter of r864-6s he transferred his services to the Provost- Marshal's office at the State capital, and while there was offered by Governor Cony a commission as First Lieu- tenant of Company E, Fourteenth Maine Infantry, ac- cepted it, and took the field at once. Upon arriving at Savannah and reporting for duty, he received immedi- ate promotion as Adjutant of the Regiment, and served in that capacity until August 28, 1865, when the regiment was mustered out of service, and he returned with it to his native State. In the spring of 1866 Lieutenant Chapman resumed business, this time opening a variety store at Winterport In August following, having abandoned the store, he en- tered the office of Charles P. Brown, Esq., of Bangor, to read law. He remained with him five years, as student and clerk, then purchased his extensive war-claim busi- ness, and opened an office on his own account, having meanwhile, in 1871, been admitted to the Bar of the State. His first oflSce was over the present telegraph headquarters in Brown's Block, West Market Square. He continued here to practice law and prosecute claims against the Government until 1879, when he removed to the spacious and pleasant office he now occupies on the second floor of the Taylor Block. Lieutenant Chapman has been a steady Republican from the organization of the party, but has not cared to be active as a politician or to be in any way an office- seeker. The attempt to remove the artillery from the Bangor Arsenal in the winter of 1878-79, to be used in sustaining the Garcelon-Smith Government at Augusta, brought him to the front, however, and he rendered effi- cient aid in preventing the removal, personally checking the further movement of one of the loaded wagons. In February following, a paralytic shock disabled his left side, and within a week three additional but lesser shocks disabled him completely for about five weeks, and his side has never yet fully recovered from their effects. He is not a member of any of the religious or secret organi- zations, although he is a quite regular attendant upon public worship, and entertains liberal views of theology. Mr. Chapman was united in marriage in Newburg, by the Rev. Mr. Thomas, of the Christian Church, to Miss Linda H., youngest daughter of Nathan and Mary (Jud- kins) Doane, of Newburg. They have but one child living — Lillie Adolph, born in June, 1866. They, how- ever, lost two children — a daughter named Caledonia, and an infant who died unnamed. Mr. Chapman and his family reside in a pleasant home on Ohio street, in West Bangor. FLAVlUS O. BEAL. This gentleman, lessee and landlord of the Bangor House, and also owner of the excellent line of Tallyho coaches to Mt. Desert, is a native of Monmouth, this State. His father, Samuel Beal, was from an old family of that place, and himself a native of it and a farmer. His ancestry was English. His mother, whose maiden name was Maria Antoinette Warren, was also born in Monmouth. They both died, within four months of each other, in 1848, when the subject of this sketch was but seven years old. They left a family of two sons and one daughter, of whom Flavins Orlando was the second-born. His natal day was June 2, 1841. He attended the public schools of Monmouth until twelve years old, when he was sent to the Towle Academy at Winthrop, and re- mained there five years, in which time he acquired the rudiments of a fairly liberal education. He then went to Augusta, where he took charge of a large milk farm for Mr. William Chisholm — an important position for one of his years. At the expiration of about twelve months he went to Portland and learned the trade of brush-making. He remained in this work for two years, or until the War of the Rebellion broke out, when he promptly enlisted in Company E, of Portland, Captain Shaw, in the First Maine Regiment, recruited for three months service. After the expiration of its term he was considerably engaged in recruiting and other duties con- nected with the war, but, October 10, 1862, he began service as a baggage-master on the Maine Central Rail- road, running from Portland to Bangor and back. For 784 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. eight years he handled trunks and valises, and checked baggage, when he was promoted to the post of conductor on the road. He was for a year on what was then known as the "Shoo Fly" train, from Augusta to Bangor, which he took out and back regularly. When this train was dis- continued he handled temporarily the mixed trains be- tween A^^aterville and Bangor, and then the night train from Bangor to Boston, which he accompanied through. He held this important post until he left the road at the ex- piration of four years from the beginning of his con- ductorship. He then settled down in Bangor in June, 1874, buying the livery stock of Mr. O. M. Shaw, who was keeping the Bangor House, in whose stables the livery was then, as now, kept. About a year afterwards he bought also the livery stable of Mr. Abram Wood- ard, near the Penobscot Exchange, and ran that as a branch establishment for three years, when he closed it out and brought the stock to the principal stable on the west side. Some time before this, after Mr. Shaw retired from the Bangor House, and during the eight months of Harrison Baker's charge of it which followed, Mr. Beale kept the entire stables of the house for livery and boarding, and for transient business and coaching. He had been prospered in his business, and in the summer of 1878 he started again the enterprise of running a stage-hne to Bar Harbor, on Mount Desert, which had been suspended for several years. This he has main- tained with great success and popularity, particularly in the warm season, and now has the contract, for four years, of supplying Bar Harbor with mail twice a day. He joins with this a profitable livery business at that place during the three months that tourists most fre- quent it. His coaches constitute a favorite line, being preferred by many to the sea route to Mount Des- ert, and travelers are quite enthusiastic in its praise. To serve his coaches better in getting and delivering the mail, Mr. Beale in the summer of 1881 put a beautiful little mail-wagon on the road in Bangor, for the transport of mails to and from the post-office. January 24, 1878, Mr. Beal leased the Bangor House, and conducted it successfully for fourteen months and one week, when he re-leased it for the period of three years, which will expire the ist of April, 1882. His management of this house has given it great fame, and the traveling public accord it a very large and profitable patronage. When he took the establishment, it was much neglected and dilapidated; nobody had ever made any money keeping it, and it was generally regarded in the city as an "elephant" on one's hands. He soon put it in apple-pie order; added thirteen new rooms to its ac- commodations, and has made it a reputable, successful, and profitable venture from the beginning. Mr. Beal is as yet in the prime of his years, and has the prospect of a long, honorable, and lucrative career. He was made a Free and Accepted Mason in 1874, in a Waterville lodge, of which he is still a member. He is a supporter of and attendant at the Independent Congregational or Unitarian Church, opposite his hotel, where the pastor of the church is a boarder. Mr. Beal was married December 7, 1865, in Freeport, Cumberland county, Maine, near Portland, to Miss Lucy Jane, youngest daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Brown) Randall, of that place. They have had no children. LEMUEL NICHOLS, Jr. This gentleman, for the last ten years keeper of the Franklin House livery stable in Bangor, was born in Lis- bon, Androscoggin county, Maine, on the 25th day of June, 1828. He was the son of Lemuel Nichols, a native of Durham, Maine, and a farmer at Lisbon, also engaged often in teaming and removing buildings. At the early age of four, young Lemuel removed with his parents to Augusta, where his father engaged in the busi- ness of saw-milling. Here the boy came near meeting his death one day, by getting badly jammed between a pile of boards and a pile of joists, but escaped without permanent injury. Two years after the removal he lost his mother by death. The father is still living at the advanced age of ninety years, and makes his home in Bangor, in remarkable health and activity for one of his years. His son and namesake received his little school- ing mainly in Augusta and places where his father subse- quently lived — Harmony, Maine, and Bangor. He has been doing for himself, however, ever since he was ten years old. He worked first on a farm and in care of horses with the Hon. Mason W. Palmer, in West Cor- inth, for two and a half years, gettmg only his board and clothes for pay, but retaining a very pleasant recol- lection of Mr. Palmer and his family; he then went to East Corinth, three miles distant, where he engaged with William B. McLaughlin, then keeper of the East Corinth hotel, but later of the Franklin House, Bangor, to take care of his stable at $6 per month " and found." He remained six months with Mr. McLaughlin; and as an illustration of his temperate habits and careful economy at this time, it may be stated that in the whole half-year he used up but $1 of his wages, and the entire balance of $35 coming to him at the close. It may as well be mentioned here that Mr. Nichols has never drunk intox- icating liquor of any kind nor smoked or chewed tobacco — a truly remarkable case of abstinence for a man in his line of business. He then engaged with Mr. William S. Ordway to take care of the stage horses at East Corinth, and part of the time to drive the stage on the upper end of the route between Bangor and Brown- ville. He was now getting $9 a month, $3 more wages, and not quite so hard work. He was with Mr. Ordway, in this employment, for about eighteen months, when he went into other business. For one summer he drove a team for Mr. Willard W. Harris, now of Portland, then a store-keeper and mill-owner at Guilford, Piscat- auquis county, hauling lumber to Bangor, before the construction of the railroad. By and by Mr. Nichols took an engagement with the stage proprietors, Messrs. Thomas Norcross & Son, who had the Bangor & Moosehead Lake stage line, and made one of their stopping places at West Charleston, where the head of the firm resided, and the son, Israel B. Nor- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 78s cross, attended to the business in Bangor. Mr. Nichols hired to do similar work at West Charleston to that he had done at East Corinth, during part of the time, but mostly taking care of the stage horses. He staid with the Norcrosses about one year, and was married while in their employ. He returned to Guilford village, where he kept the hotel for a while, and then sold out and went back to East Corinth. Here he again engaged to take care of horses, being the first to have charge of the stable of the Parker House, which was then a new hotel, and had just been opened on the Fourth of July, 1849 or 1850. Here he bought his first horse^a pretty good one, a tough nag, which he got for only $65, in that day of comparative cheapness. He has since owned a great number, at one time, just at the outbreak of the war, having nearly one hundred in his possession. This one horse at East Corinth he kept for hire, thus making a humble beginning of his now extensive livery business. He began keeping house at this place, and by and by bought two more rather cheap horses, and began running an accommodation open wagon from that place to Ban- gor three times a week. This he kept on the road about two years, and then bought Jack Mayo, of Kenduskeag, off the same road, and ran into Bangor daily with a four- horse team and a coach for passenger business only. After a time, about 1857, he got the mail contract from Bangor to Moosehead Lake. By this date he had bought the Parker House, at East Corinth, and was conducting it himself He had previously had experience as a land- lord ia the same place, at the East Corinth Hotel, which he leased and kept for two years. After he got the Parker House he had profitable stage lines from that place to Bangor and also on the Moosehead Lake route, and made money rapidly. He built a fine, spacious public hall, connected with the Parker House, in i860, which is still the best hall in East Corinth, and still bears the name, from him, of Nichols Hall. The next year he doubled the capacity of the Parker House stable, so as to accommodate one hundred horses at once. The car- riage-house connected with the stable was situated under his hall, and was of a size to correspond with the big- ness of his new stable. He had also now a good livery business, which added handsomely to his profits. In 1864 he sold out his hotel and furniture to James Knowles, his accommodation stage to E. H. Hunting, who still runs it to Bangor, and his Moosehead hne to J. P. Webber, now the wealthy Bangor lumberman. He took in the trade with the last-named Mr. Webber's fine house in East Corinth, which burned to the ground six days afterwards, and brought him not a dollar of in- surance. He thereupon removed to Newport, where he bought the Shaw House and began a new career as land- lord, at the same time running a mail stage line from the Maine Central Railroad at Newport to Moosehead Lake. He kept the Shaw House one and one-fourth years, and sold it to Charles Sawyer, who has since kept it. He then came to Bangor and bought the livery business of 0. M. Shaw, in the old Billings stable, on Main street. He presently, in February, 1866, bought out the Dwinel House, now the City Hotel, and changed its name to the Nichols House. The fates were against him here, however ; and he closed up this business and removed to Dexter in the fall of the same year, where he re-engaged in livery and stage business, running again to Moosehead Lake from the end of the branch railroad, now built to Dexter. He staid in that place about five years, during which he operated in real estate and house- lots considerably. He kept the livery and stage business at the old Witherell place, opposite the Dexter House, considerably enlarging the stable and building on a spa- cious carriage-house. The handsome sign, " Nichols Place," which he put up there, remains to this day. Adjoining the Dexter House he built the fine busmess block now owned by E. C. Nichols, of Bangor, which he sold to Mr. Nichols for $7,800. He bought a large tract adjoining the town from Nathaniel Bryant, laid it off in lots, and built two dweUings upon them, Beech street, in the east part of the village, was laid off at his instance, and runs through his former property. He still holds some real estate in Dexter ; but mainly sold out there in 1871, and made his final removal to Bangor, where he has since steadfastly remained. He leased his present stand and the livery, hack, and boarding business of the Franklin House stables, of his old employer's son, Henry McLaughlin, who, with his father, was keeping the Franklin House. In the spring of 1881 he became the owner of this valuable property, for which he paid $10,000. Every year since 1857 he has had important mail contracts, and he is now interested in eight or nine routes of this kind. One of them is run by his son, Mr. Frederick W. Nichols. Another son, Charles W. Nichols, assists him as clerk in the stable. Mr. Nichols was married, as before stated, during his first residence at East Corinth, on the 19th day of March, 1848, to Miss Martha Ann, daughter of Elauson and Philena (Chandler) Edmunds, of that place, where the father was an harness-maker. Their daughter, however, Mrs. Nichols, was born at Farmington, Maine, in 1830. She has proved a strong, able, and very faithful and laborious helpmate of her husband from the day of their marriage unto this present. They attend the First Bap- tist church regularly, and aid liberally in its support, although not members of the society. They have had four children, all living — Minnie Frances, now Mrs. Sidney Keith, married at Dexter in the winter of 187 1- 72, wife of an engineer on the Maine Central Railroad, a very smart and trustworthy man, now residing in Ban- gor ; Frederick Waldo, before mentioned, who was mar- ried about six years ago, and has a small family ; Charles Willard, also married in the spring of 1881; and Henry Lemuel, now eighteen years old, and of Boston, where he is connected with a grocery store. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols occupy a pleasant residence in East Bangor, at No. 57 Centre street. Two of Mr. Nichols's brothers, John Nelson and Willard, respectively next older and younger than he, are buried in the ceme- tery at East Corinth ; and his widowed sister Rebecca, Mrs. J. M. Tenney, formerly of London, New Hamp- shire, now resides with him in Bangor, 786 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ABEL HUNT. Mr. Abel Hunt, the well-known undertaker of Ban- gor, was born in Camden, Maine, April 19, 1835. ^'^ father, Simon Hunt, was a native of Concord, Massachu- setts. He moved from there to Camden, Maine, about 1806, and was one of the pioneer settlers of that region. He was .a saddler by trade, and carried on the harness business in that place till his death, which occurred when he was in the eighty-first year of his age. His memory is perpetuated in the beautiful elms which he planted in that town, and which give such a charm to the village. The venerable wife of this good old man is still living. Her maiden name was Hannah Rogers, a sister of Cap- tain Thomas Rogers, one of the early steamboat cap- tains on the Penobscot. ■ In the old town of- Camden Abel spent most of his school days, closing his school life with a few terms at Gorham Academy. He learned the- harness business in his father's shop, but did not follow it long. .He early developed an enthusiasm for progressive ideas, and, in company with another young man, took hold of a patent right, and in endeavoring to push it upon the market he gives his experience quite laconically: "We made some money and traveled some; but it paid more in expe- rience than money." It was not until about the year i860 that ready-made coffins or caskets were introduced into the vicinity of Camden. In connection with his other business Mr. Hunt conceived the idea of purchasing a small stock for sale. After corresponding for some time he learned that he could buy best in Cambridge, Massachusetts. What a change the business has since undergone ! Now no undertaker is so remote from the lines of travel but that he is often visited by salesmen of all kinds of funeral furniture and mortuary goods. Mr. Hunt relates that when he started to sell coffins as a retailer, he used to deliver most of them in company with his father, who was the actual undertaker, in the evening, using a wheelbarrow for conveyance. The feeling of the people at that time was that they were en- gaged in a mean business. In December, 1873, Mr. Hunt removed to Bangor and entered into a partnership with Enoch H. Tibbitts. At the end of two years Mr. Hunt bought out Mr. Tibbitts and took a lease for ten years. They had an agreement in regard to the business which has been the cause of a controversy in which con- siderable money has been spent. The business which Mr. Hunt has built up in Bangor is the result of persistent energy and close application to it. The changes have been radical during the last ten years, but Mr. Hunt has ever kept up with them and never allowed himself to be " left." For a time he has had to combat the prejudices of the people against embalming, but the public opinion is gradually working in his favor and he is enabled to adopt it more extensive- ly every year. Mr. Hunt is now pleasantly situated, with a certain and growing professional career. He possesses a liberal mind and follows with great interest the course of modern progressive thought. His appreciation of the best in literature and art is acute, and he is an eager reader. His love of nature is keen, and he sees beauty where men of coarser nature would pass unheedingly. His most prominent character is hopefulness. Hope is to him like the air he breathes, and no matter what re- verses and petty annoyances may befall him he still main- tains a brave, hopeful spirit, which joined with all his tact and executive force carries him to a successful con- summation. He has a wide, generous nature. His con- versation is free and natural, and he attaches those with whom he comes in contact with the bonds of a hearty friendship. He believes in enjoying life, but rather in a calm and hearty way. To the afflicted he shows sincere sympathy. He is ever on the alert for improvements in his business; and was the first in his profession to intro- duce embalming in the State, and was recently called to Moosehead Lake to embalm and care for the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. Haines, who were drowned there. Mr. Hunt married Miss Eveline K. Knight, Decem- ber 17, 1866. Their family consists of four children — Walter Reid, Ralph Hudson, Edward James, and Eva Sawtelle. His portrait appears in this work. CHARLES D. BRYANT. When Bangor was a mere hamlet, there came here, when but a lad, Charles D. Bryant. His father, Robert Bryant, a son of John Bryant, was born in HoUis, in the District of Maine, as this region was then called, Septem- ber 20, 1775. His mother's maiden name was Olive Davis, a native of Saco, Maine, born in 1783. Charles D. was the fourth child of a family of eight children. He was born in Scarborough, Maine, July 16, 1813, and came to Bangor in 1820, when but seven years old. This was the year that Maine became a State. The condifion, size, etc., of Bangor at that time may be learned by re- ferring to the history of the city elsewhere. The people were poor, and it was with difficulty that Mr. Bryant cQuld provide his family with necessary food and raiment; yet he struggled manfully on, assisted and cheered by his good wife. In 1827 he bought a small farm in Hermon, getting in debt for it. This farm contained fifty-seven acres, with but little cleared. Here Mr. Bryant moved, living for some time in a log house. For this place he was to pay $4 per acre. In the spring of 1829, when Charles D. was sixteen years of age, he told his father if he would fit him up with a few clothes, he would go out to work and pay for the farm. After a time the outfit was provided, and Charles started out with a heart full of-gladness that he could now help his father. This outfit consisted of one pair of striped bed-ticking pants, one linen jacket, two coarse cotton shirts, minus collar and bosom, one pair of coarse brogan shoes, and two pairs of stockings. He soon found employment, for he was able to convince any one that he could work and was anxious to do so. He worked eight months at $8.00 per month for a Mr. Billings in Newburg on a farm, and during the winter made shingles. The next year again worked for Mr. B., and again in the shingle swamp during the winter. In HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 787 this way he toiled on. At one time he worked for Captain Lowder and helped build the house on Ham- mond street where Mr. Lowder lived and died. Thus in time he paid for the farm and all interest then ac- crued, making his father a comfortable home and re- lieving him of a great load of care and anxiety. We wonder how many boys in Bangor to-day would do the same ! When he had thus paid off all indebtedness on his father's place, he found himself without any educa- tion, save such as he had picked up at odd moments. He could not feel satisfied with this, and so determined to go to school. To do so he worked evenings at sawing wood, and did chores for Mr. Lowder, thus earning enough to pay his board and tuition at a private school, at $S per quarter, for ten quarters. This he now wisely says was the best thing he ever did in his hfe. After this he worked for Benjamin Bussey (under Mr. Lowder, as agent for him) exploring and surveying ; also working at this for other parties. In 1836 he married Miss Avis L. Taylor, and in 1838 moved to Thomaston, where he was employed as agent for Benjamin Bussey, of Roxbury. In 1844, after the death of Mr. Bussey, he returned to Ban- gor and settled in Hermon, where he cleared up a farm, though much of the time employed as explorer and sur- veyor of timber-lands for other parties. In 1854 he sold his farm and moved to Bangor, where he has since lived. For fifteen years he was employed by the late S. F. Her- sey, and since Mr. Hersey's decease by the "estate," as manager of the large business of the Hersey estate. Mr. Bryant has had two sons and one daughter, all of whom are deceased, except his youngest daughter. By economy and industry Mr. Bryant has acquired a competency ; yet he says the happiest day he ever knew, so far as money or property had anything to do with it, was when he had money earned and paid for his father's farm, and had one hundred dollars of his own. Mr. Bryant truly says "mdustry and economy, com- bined with promptness m business, are the foundation of success in business." Mr. B. has proved the truth of this adage. (Had we space, we should like to enter more into details of the life of this self-made man ; but our limits forbid.) JONES P. VEAZIE. A prominent man in Bangor was Jones P. Veazie, a son of General Samuel Veazie. He was born in Top- sham, Maine, June 2, 1811, and died February 18, 1875. He was twice married, and had by each wife two sons and one daughter. As a member of the firm of Lord & Yeazie, in Bangor, he was a well-known and respected merchant, and continued in business with his partner and brother-in-law, Mr. Lord, until the death of the lat- ter. Mr. Veazie then became interested in shipping and other business, in which he employed his capital and finally founded a large lumbering business with Mr. Levi Young, in Ottawa, Canada, which has been emi- nently successful. Mr. Veazie was a man justly esteemed for his social, liberal, and truthful characteristics, and had the continued respect of all with whom he had deal- ings. In his business and social life he was outspoken in his sentiments, and was one of the earliest anti-slavery men in Bangor, contributing by his means in the estab- lishment of the Bangor Gazette in 1842. He lived to see the glorious work of emancipation, to which he had given much thought and labor, as well as means, carried forward to its full fruition, until the country he loved was in truth the home of the free. CHAPTER XXXVIII. SETTLEMENT NOTES. General Joseph H. Smith, the present Collector of Customs in Bangor, was born in Wiscassett, Maine, No- vember 27, 1836.- His father, Jacob Smith, was a native of Epping, New Hampshire, and married JuHa A. Lam- bert, daughter of Luke Lambert, Esq., of Bath. He lived some years in Wiscassett, but moved to Bath in 1844. He was a lawyer, and widely known in that part of the State. Jacob and Julia Smith had six children, of whom Joseph was the third son. He attended school in Bath and "finished off," as it was sometimes termed, with a few terms at old Garland Academy. This old academy is justly proud of the many noted men who finished their education (if we may properly use such a term) within her walls. On leaving school he entered the counting room of the iron foundry in Bath as book- keeper. Here he remained two years, at the end of which time he came to Penobscot county and entered the employ of William Jameson, of Upper Stillwater, as clerk in his lumber office. He remained in the employ of Mr. Jameson about two years. In 1856, when twenty years of age, he went west and became traveling agent for the St. Croix Lumber Company, of Stillwater,^ Minne- sota, selling their logs and lumber. He remained with this company two years and then went to Lyons, Iowa, and set up in the lumber business for himself, remaining in Iowa until the breaking out of the civil war. Feeling that it was his duty to enhst, and that he would prefer to represent his native State, he came to Maine and enlisted as a private in the Third Maine Infantry, Colonel O. O. Howard commanding, June 30, 1861. Soon he was pro- moted to Lieutenant, and on November 14 commis- sioned as Captain of United States Volunteers, and as- signed to staff duty with General John Sedgwick, who then commanded a brigade. January i he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of United States Volunteers, and assigned to duty with the Second Army Corps, General D. M. Couch commanding. October 27, 1864, he was breveted Colonel for gallantry displayed at the battle of Ream's Station and Boydtown Plank Road, Virginia. This was on the recommendation and request of General 7^8 HISTORY OF PE^fOBSCOT COUNtV, MAtiSTfi. W. S. Hancock. On the 9th of April, 1865, he was pro- moted to the rank of Brigadier-General of United States Volunteers by brevet, on recommendation of Major Gen- eral A. A. Humphreys. At the close of the war he was offered a position in the regular army, but declined, and was honorably mustered out. At the close of the war the General came back to Stillwater, in this county, and engaged in building mills and the manufacture of lum- ber. He moved to Bangor in 1868, but continued in the lumber business until 1878 at Upper Stillwater, at which time his mills were burned. In June, 1869, he was nominated, commissioned, and confirmed as Col- ■ lector of Customs for this District, which position he has since held. General Smith married Miss Georgia A. Reynolds, February 24, 1859. She was a daughter of Eri Reynolds, Esq., of Chicago. Mrs. Smith died No- vember 2, 1859, and in September, 1866, Mr. Smith mar- ried again, his present wife being a daughter of Freeman Clark, of Bath, Maine, Agnes by name. They have one son, Joseph S., and one daughter, Hortense Louise. The Hon. Silas C. Hatch, son of the late Silas Hatch, of Bangor, was born March 28, 182 1, commenced mercantile business in Bangor in 1845, and continued in trade until September t, 1870. He was educated at the Bangor schools and at the Gorham Seminary; was four- teen years a member of the city government, serving seven years in the Common Council (several years as President), and seven years in the Board of Aldermen ; was eight years one of the City Assessors, fiUing that office the past year; member of the Executive Council in 1871-72-78, and State Treasurer in 1874-75-76. It is be- lieved that the State never had a more able and intelli- gent financial officer. He was one of the few officials in the Treasury Department who have made themselves thoroughly familiar with its details. In 1856 he was Presidential Elector on the Fillmore ticket. He was a member of the Legislature from Bangor in 1873-74, and again in 1881-82, serving as Chairman in 1881, on the part of the House, of the Committee on Financial Affairs, and of Ways and Means, and as a member of the Com- mittee on Education. Some of the best years of his life have been devoted to the public service, and no man enjoys in larger measure the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. Hon. Newell Blake, a retired merchant and manufac- turer of Bangor, and ex-State Senator from the county of Penobscot, is a native of New Hampshire, born in Ken- sington, April 26, 18 [o. He came to Maine in 1842, settling in Oldtown as a merchant in the firm of Stone & Blake. He had already been in business at his native place for three years, and had been married in Boston, Massachusetts, to Miss Phebe Jordan, of that city, but a native of Maine. After a period of twenty-three years in Oldtown, during a small part of which time he was inter- ested in a line of steamers on the St. John, he removed to Bangor and began the manufacture and shipping of lumber, with Mr. Hosea B. Emery, as the firm of Emery & Blake. Upon the death of Mr. Emery, Mr. Blake sold out the mills and business, and himself, in 1870, be- ginning to feel the weight of years, retired from active business life. While a citizen of Oldtown, in 1852, he was elected on a mixed Free Soil, Whig, and disaffected Democratic ticket to the State Senate, in which body he served during the terms of 1853, 1854, and 1855. He was a member of the Committee on Mercantile Affairs and Insurance, a very important committee, and was Chairman of the Committee on Accounts and Claims. During one session he was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Thus and otherwise well qualified for public life, upon retirement from business he entered the service of the city of Bangor; was a member of the Common Council in 1870-72, and during these three years was President of that body. In 1873 he was elected from the Fourth Ward as Alderman, and the next year was chosen Mayor of the city, and served a little more than one term, delivering two messages to the Council, as there was no choice of Mayor the next spring after his election. For three years he also served on the City Board of Assessors, during two years being Chair- man of the Board. Mrs. Blake is also still living. They have had no children. Lewis F. Stratton, the present Sheriff of Penobscot county, was born October i, 1830. His father, Paul Stratton, a native of Albion, Kennebec county, married Sarah Ann Frazier. Their family consists of ten children, all of whom are living. Their names and residence are as follow: Mary, wife of George B. Robertson, of Ban- gor; Eliza, widow of Josiah Snow, Mattawamkeag ; Wil- liam, now living in Chester ; George H., of Brainard, Minnesota ; Jane, wife of James H. Snow, of Mattawam- keag ; Eunice, widow of the late James P. Crowell, ' Orono ; Ellen, wife of O. T. Hooper, New York ; Martha J., wife of WiUiam Jewell, of Gorham, New Hamp- shire, and Guilford D., of Gorham, New Hampshire, Mr. Stratton is still living, being now eighty-five years old. Mrs. Stratton died in 1879. Lewis Stratton spent his early life on a farm, receiving a common school edu- cation. He first engaged in business for himself at lum- bering and farming at Mattawamkeag, at the age of twenty-one or twenty-two, and continued to reside in Mattawamkeag until 1879, when he was elected Sheriff. Since then he has resided in Bangor. In 1854 he, with his father, built the first hotel in Winn, and in 1851 his brothers built the Katahdin House in Winn. Mr. Strat- ton married Miss Sarah Bunn, daughter of Luther and Phoebe Bunn. , They have one son, Albert 0., now in business in Mattawamkeag. Mr. Stratton has served in all the town offices of his town, having been Selectman, Constable, Collector, School Committeeman, etc. In 1875 and 1876 he was chosen to the Legislature. He is now serving his second term as Sheriff. General John L. Hodsdon, one of Bangor's present oldest residents, has been in the practice of law, except at intervals, since 1838. He was lieutenant of the Ban- gor Independent Volunteers in 1834, at the age of eigh- teen, and has held the military commissions of Aide-de- camp, Orderly officer to the Major-General of this military division ; captain of the Bangor Light Infantry, Colonel of the Bangor Regiment, Brigadier-General, Major-General of this division under two Legislative elec- MiStORY OF i^ENOBSCO'r COUNTY, MAllSfl ik tions and commissions, Adjutant-General of the State, ' and ex-offido Acting Quartermaster-General, Commissary- \ General, Paymaster-General, and Inspector-General of '^he State of Maine, under seven annual successive Leg- islative elections, from 1861 to 1867, inclusive. During tne three months of the Aroostook war, in the winter an\spring of 1837, he served in the field as Aide-de- canw and Orderly ofificer to his step-father, who was MajotGeneral commanding all the troops in the ex- peditiqp. In 1853-54 he was Judge of the Police Court in Bangpr. The father of General John L, Hodsdon was Jeremiah^Littlefield, of Hallowell, who died of yellow fever in 1818, on his passage home from New Orleans. In 1820 Isaac Hodl^on, then of Corinth, Captain in the Thirty- third Reginii^nt United States Infantry in the War of 1812, adopted John, adding his own name to that of Littlefield. General Isaac Hodsdon had a wide and honorable repatation as a military man and politician throughout the S,tate. He died at Corinth in 1864, aged eighty-four years\ The children of General John L. Hodsdon are Mr\. Alfred Veazie and Mrs. C. A. Bou- telle, of Bangor ; '"i^nd John L. Hodsdon, of Boston, Massachusetts. Mrs. John L. Hodsdon is the daughter of Abraham True,,Esq.,\who died at her home in May last aged eighty-eight yearSi Mrs. F. W. Hill, of Exeter, is a sister of Mrs. Hodsdon, and Dr. J. F. True, of Auburn, Maine, and Joseph N. True, of New Haven, Connecti- cut, are her brothers. General Hodsdon's sisters are Mrs. W. H. Lunt, of Evanston, Illinois, deceased ; Mrs. J. L. French, of Hallowelli Maine. His only brother, Nathaniel Littlefield, of Hallowell, Maine, is dead. The Bangor Light Infantry, of which General Hods- don was formerly captain, was organized in- 1853, and in respect to personnel, uniform, and equipment was never surpassed by any military organization in New England. In numbered some eighty-five muskets, and comprised among its members many of the leading, most prominent and honorable citizens of Bangor. It entered the Sec- ond Regiment of Maine Volunteers, in the service of the United States, in May, 1861, as company A, under Col- onel Jameson, under a two years' enlistment, and served its term with honor. General Daniel White, of the firm of White & Fair- banks, soap manufacturers of Bangor, is a son of Daniel and Lucy White, of Winterport, Maine. '; Mr. White was a native of Nashfield, Massachusetts. "Daniel and Lucy White has eleven children, of whom Daniel is the second son. He was born September 12, 1833. His father was a sea-captain, but owned a farm, on which Daniel, Jr., was brought up. On becoming of age he engaged in the furniture business, in which he continued three years. He went to California in 1855 and engaged in mining, remaining one year, when he returned to Ban- gor and engaged in the jewelry business, in which he fi^on- tinued till the breaking out of the war in 1861. In 18^1 Mr. White raised Company I, Second Maine Infantry, and was with this company for two years, when he re- turned at the expiration of the time of service of the \ regiment. He then raised a company for the Thirty- first Maine and went out again as captain of the com- pany. He was promoted to Colonel in 1864 and taken prisoner at the mine explosion m front of Petersburg, and held as prisoner seven months when he was exchanged. In 1865 he was breveted Brigadier-General and re- mained in service until the close of the war. He is now Colonel of the Second Maine Regiment. During the summer of 1881 he took a trip West, spending the sum- mer, and on his return engaged in the manufacture of soap with J. A. Fairbanks. Their office and factory is located on Morse's Lane, Bangor. Mr. White married Miss Anna S. Rich, daughter of William Rich, of Mon- roe, Maine. They have two children : Grace and Ger- trude. The late Edward E. Small, of Bangor, was a son of Isaac Small, a mason of that city. The family of Isaac Small consisted of three sons and one daughter. Ed- ward E. was the second son. He was born in August, 1844, and at the age of seventeen entered the array and remained until near the end of the war. After return- ing he engaged as book-keeper for Babb & Strickland in their lumber office. He was with them about nine years, when he was made United States Pension Agent here and held the office until it was removed from Bangor. After this he went into the insurance business with Mr. Clark, and afterwards with Wiggin & Williams under the title of Wiggin, Small & Williams. He was in this business at the time of his death, September 23, 1881. Major Small, as he was called, was captain for a time of the Loyal League, a company quite noted at the time of the trouble at Augusta in 1879. At the time of his death he held a position on the staff of General Chamberlain as Division Quartermaster, with the rank of Major. For several years Major Small was chairman of the Republican City Committee. Mr. Small married Miss Ella I. Severance, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Severance, of Bangor, and at his death left one daughter. Flora Lillian. He was always interested in everything of an educational nature, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. Captain James P. Lansil is a son of Charles V. Lansil, who was born in Bordeaux, France, in the year 1768, where he lived about eighteen years, when he emigrated to this county, and settled at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. There he lived about twenty-four years, and then moved to Bucksport, Maine, then to Sunkhaze, and then to Bangor, Maine, where he died in the year 183T, aged sixty-three years. His occupation was that of sailor. His wife was Ruth C. Paine, born on Cape Cod in the year 1778. She died in the year 1837, aged fifty-three years. James P., the sixth child, was born at Bangor, September 30, 18 16. His life has been passed at sea mostly, he being captain of a vessel. The other mem- bers of his father's family were: Thomas P., Mary P., Betsey, Charles V., Asa P., Ephraim P., and George W. James P. Lansil was married on the 4th of February, 1838, to Martha Colby, who died in October, 1855. He was a second time married December 27, 1857, to Mrs. Thankful S. Mitchell. The names of children by his first wife are; George, unmarried, resides at Bangor; John F. died in the year 1867; Elbridge T., living, re- 790 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COU^ftY, MAINE. sides at Bangor; Francis S. died in the year 1867; Arthur J., married to Annie Douglass; Oscar, married, and resides at 'Saratoga Spring, New York; Edward P., married to Fannie S. Carr, and has one child; he is at present at sea with his family. Captain Lansil has a good residence on Lincoln street, Bangor, where he is living as retired ship-master. George Stetson, President of the First National Bank in Bangor, was born January 25, 1807, in Hamp- den, in this county. His father, Simeon Stetson, was a farmer and trader, and came from New Ipswich now Randolph, Massachusetts; was born in New Ips- wich, and moved to Hampden in 1804. George Stetson was the fourth son and fifth child in the family. He re- ceived a common school and academical education in Hampden, and assisted his father on the farm and in the store. On becoming of age he took charge of a mill in Hampden and engaged in trade. Here he lived until about 1832 when he moved to Bangor and in 1835 en- gaged in the West India trade together with his brother Isaiah and Cyrus Emery, Esq., under the firm name of Emery, Stetson & Co. Mr. Emery dying the firm was changed to Stetson & Co., and continued some years, since which they closed the business. They also owned a mill on Kenduskeag Stream and manufactured lumber quite extensively. They sold their mill about three years ago, since which time he has given his time to the bank business and looking after his interests in timber lands. Mr. Stetson has been a prominent man here for many years, serving as Chairman of the Board of Water Works, President of the Union Fire and Marine Insur- ance Company, and President of the Old Market Bank, now the First National Bank. He also was a Repre- sentative in the Legislature during the war. Mr. Stetson married Adeline Hammond in 1845. She was a daugh- ter of Elijah Hammond, of this city. They have four children, three sons and one daughter: George H., in' Kenduskeag, Maine; Edward, a lawyer in Bangor; Isaiah K., with his father and brother in the wholesale ice busmess, and Mary A. at home. Mr. Stetson is a man very widely known in this section of the State, and takes a very prominent position among the leading citi- zens of Bangor. Moses Giddings, of Bangor, one of the prominent and wealthy citizens of the place, was born in Bangor Sep- tember 29, 1816. His father, John Giddings, was a mason and built the first brick building in the city. He was well known here, and for many years was one of the leading builders. He married Joanna Trafton and lived here in 18 12, at the time of the commencement of the war. He had four children, one son and three daugh- ters, viz: Moses, Hannah F., deceased, wife of O. H. Ingalls; Abbie T., and Nancy, who died in early life. Mr. Giddings died in 1823. Moses Giddings received but a common school education, limited at that, for his father died when Moses was but seven years old so that he early had to look out for himself. He clerked in a store when a young man, and in 1846 embarked in the lumber business for himself He formerly cut and man- ufactured, but now deals principally in timber lands. At one time he was engaged in navigation and owned a half interest in the first ship that was captured by the Sumter in the late war. Mr. Giddings formerly built and owned vessels. He has been chosen to represent his ward in both branches of the city government, and i% President of the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad; also President of the Merchants' Marine Insurance Com- pany, and has been one of the trustees of Colby Univer- sity for over thirty years. His first wife was Miss Mary Shirley, to whom he was married in 1850, and whi^ died in 1851. His second wife was Miss Ernestine Chase, married in 1854 and died in 1869. By her Mr. Gid- dings's children were: Frederick C, now of Bluehill, Maine; Mary S., deceased in 1866, and Madeline. In 1877 he married Mrs. Sarah E. Sabine, with whom he is now living. Hon. Francis M. Sabine, of Bangor, was born in Bos- ton in 1811, but resided in youth in Hampden. Here, at the public schools and Academy, he received a good rudimentary education. At the age of seventeen he went to Eastport, where, after four years' clerkship with a mer- cantile firm, he went into similar business for himself. He was married in 1834, and in 183s removed to Ban- gor and at once resumed his former business. Owing to the notably wide-spread business depression and conse- quent failures, he found, at the end of two years, that his assets were inadequate to pay his debts. Happily for all concerned, his creditors extended payment on old de- mands, gave new credit, and were ultimately paid in full. In the course of his mercantile career of thirty-six years, he engaged to some extent in other pursuits, among which was the manufacture of brick, and also farming. For the latter he had a natural inclination, which he grat- ified for twenty-seven years. Seventy acres, of a farm of one hundred and sixty, he converted from a very rough condition into beautiful grass-fields. The average annual crop of hay of this farm was one hundred tons. Twenty cows yielded an annual gross income of $1,200. The net income of this farm during the six years previous to its sale was eight per cent. The past ten years Mr. Sa- bine has been President, Treasurer, and Manager of the Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which offices he still holds. He took an active part in establishing the Bangor Mercantile Library Association, and for thirty years was its Treasurer and ex-officio a Director. In the first year of the late war he received from Governor Washburn, unsolicited, a commission as Assistant Quar- termaster-General, with orders from time to time for special service. The first was to issue to the Second Maine Regiment of Volunteers (the first to leave the State for Washington), an entire equipment for actual service. Another, in 1862, was to manufacture and issue the uniforms for the eight regiments of volunteers for nine months' service. He took a leading part in the or- ganization of the Freedmen's Aid Association, and served as its President. Through the generosity of the citizens of Bangor, the effective labor of our ladies, and the suc- cessful result of a course of lectures, this association con- tributed largely to the needs of these newly enfranchised people. He has served the city as a member of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 791 Board of Aldermen, and on the School Committee, Board of Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor. He is a member of the board of directors of banking and other business corporations, and a trustee of several estates. In politics he has been a Republican from the formation of the party — was previously a Free-soil Whig. In re- ligion he is a Unitarian. For forty-six years he has been a member of the Bangor Independent Congregational society, and for thirty-three years Superintendent of its Sunday-school. He has also been an active member of the Maine Conference of Unitarian churches from its formation, and was for three years President of the con- ferenee. Frank H. Williams is a son of James W. Williams, of Bangor, where he has always resided. James W. Wil- liams married Elizabeth T. Freese, daughter of Andrew Freese, of Bangor, and has three children, viz : Frank H., Lillian C, now Mrs. George B. Wiggm, of Bangor, and Fred J., also of Bangor. Frank Williams first engaged in business in Bangor as a clerk for the firm of Freese & Wiggin, becoming a member of the firm that succeeded them. The present firm is Wiggin, Small & Williams. Mr. Williams is also a member of the firm of F. H. Wil- liams & Co., of Boston, doing a brokerage business. Mr. Williams married Miss Louie A. Thompson, daughter Of Captain Benjamin Thompson, of Bangor. The first representative of the Gallupe family to settle in this country was John Gallupe, who came from Eng- land with his father and two brothers and settled in Ston- ington, Connecticut. The father went back to England and was killed in battle. All the Gallupes in this coun- try originated from two of these sons — one dying a bach- elor. The sons were John, Thomas, and Nathaniel. John Gallupe had a son by the name of Thomas, who was the grandfather of Dr. William Gallupe. This name is spelled several different ways, but however it may be spelled, it is believed to have been originally the same. Thomas Gallupe had a son by the name of Benjamin, who married Sally Park for his second wife. She was a daughter of Nehemiah Park. His family by both wives consisted of twelve children, all born in Plain field, Con- necticut. Dr.. William Gallupe was the sixth son of this family, all of whom are now deceased except one beside himself. Dr. Gallupe commenced the study of medicine in September, 1826, and graduated in 1830 from the medical department of Dartmouth College. In 1840 he became convinced that homeopathy was the better and more desirable practice, and therefore adopted it. When he came here in 1844 there were but few homeopathic physicians in Maine. At this time he had been in prac- tice of his profession fourteen years in Concord, Massa- chusetts, Plainfield and New Ipswich, New Hampshire. There was at that time great opposition to homeopathy in this country. There were not then twenty persons within ten or fifteen miles who would employ any but the old school, physicians. The doctor seems to have suc- cessfully combatted this prejudice, for since then there have been from six to ten homeopathic physicians here and three are established here now, all of whom seem to be successful. Dr. Gallupe is now living with his third wife. He has two children living, having buried a son, who was a noted telegraph man, in 1876. Dr. George P. Jefferds, undoubtedly the most promi- nent and well-known of the homeopathic physicians of Bangor, is a native of Kennebunkport, in this State, born May 7, 18 1 6. His preparatory education was received at Phillips Academy, Andover, and Limerick, Maine. He entered Bowdoin College in 1834, and was duly graduated in course. From the fall of 1839 to the end of the academic year, in 1842, he was in charge first of the Alfred Academy, Maine, and then of Nashua Acad- emy, New Hampshire. He then matriculated in the medical department of Harvard University, but was graduated finally in medicine with high honor, in 1845, from the Bowdoin Medical School. He opened an office in his native town, beginning fortunately with the large practice of a physician who had just retired. His system was of the old school until 1850, when he became a con- vert to homeopathy. He practiced as a follower of Hahnemann for a little more than ten years longer in Kennebunkport, and then removed to Bangor, where he soon commanded an extensive and reputable practice, which has steadily widened and become more profitable with the years. The Doctor is the subject of a sketch in the Biographical Cyclopaedia of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons, which closes with the following worthy tribute : " Dr. Jefferds is a highly accomplished scholar, and a man of great natural powers. He has brought to his profession his largest energies, and the success he has won is the legitimate consequence of this ability and ap- plication." Dr. Alfred Walton, of Bangor, is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Brown) Walton, who came from Belfast to Old- town in 1830. Samuel Walton was for many years a merchant in Oldtown. He had six children — four sons and two daughters. He died on his way home from California in 1851. Dr. Alfred Walton was born June 22, 1832. After finishing his common school education he followed the sea a few years, and then went to Cal- ifornia, where he remained two years. On returning from there he built a mill in Alton, this county, and was en- gaged in the lumber business seven years. In 1862 he went into the army. He had previously been studying medicine, and was chosen Hospital Steward in the Eighth Maine. Regiment.. He remained in the army until the close of the war, and then returned to Oldtown. He then entered the medical department of Bowdoin Col- lege, was graduated in 1867, and settled in Oldtown, where he practiced until 1869, in which year he came to Bangor, where he has since hved. Dr. Walton married Electa M. Reed, daughter of Deacon Joseph H. and Abigail Reed. Mrs. Walton died very suddenly in May, 1881. Dr. Daniel Hennessy, an allopathic physician and surgeon, of Bangor, was born in Bandon, Ireland, December 25, 1838. His father, Baitholomew Hennessy, married Margaret McCarthy, and has five children, viz: Bartholomew, of Botsford, New Brunswick; John, also in Botsford; Daniel; Elizabeth, deceased wife of John Hartnett, of Bristol, New Brunswick; and Jeremiah, of 790 HISTORY OF PENOBSCbT COtflSftY, MAINE. sides at Bangor; Francis S. died in the year 1867; Arthur J., married to Annie Douglass; Oscar, married, and resides at^Saratoga Spring, New York; Edward P., married to Fannie S. Carr, and has one child; he is at present at sea with his family. Captain Lansil has a good residence on Lincoln street, Bangor, where he is living as retired ship-master. George Stetson, President of the First National Bank in Bangor, was born January 25, 1807, in Hamp- den, in this county. His father, Sinneon Stetson, was a farmer and trader, and came from New Ipswich now Randolph, Massachusetts; was born in New Ips- wich, and moved to Hampden in 1804. George Stetson was the fourth son and fifth child in the family. He re- ceived a common school and academical education in Hampden, and assisted his father on the farm and in the store. On becoming of age he took charge of a mill in Hampden and engaged in trade. Here he lived until about 1832 when he moved to Bangor and in 1835 en- gaged in the West India trade together with his brother Isaiah and Cyrus Emery, Esq., under the firm name of Emery, Stetson & Co. Mr. Emery dying the firm was changed to Stetson & Co., and continued some years, since which they closed the business. They also owned a mill on Kenduskeag Stream and manufactured lumber quite extensively. They sold their mill about three years ago, since which time he has given his time to the bank business and looking after his interests in timber lands. Mr. Stetson has been a prominent man here for many years, serving as Chairman of the Board of Water Works, President of the Union Fire and Marine Insur- ance Company, and President of the Old Market Bank, now the First National Bank. He also was a Repre- sentative in the Legislature during the war. Mr. Stetson married Adeline Hammond in 1845. She was a daugh- ter of Elijah Hammond, of this city. They have four children, three sons and one daughter: George H., in Kenduskeag, Maine; Edward, a lawyer in Bangor; Isaiah K., with his father and brother in the wholesale ice busmess, and Mary A. at home. Mr. Stetson is a man very widely known in this section of the State, and takes a very prominent position among the leading citi- zens of Bangor. Moses Giddings, of Bangor, one of the prominent and wealthy citizens of the place, was born in Bangor Sep- tember 29, 1816. His father, John Giddings, was a mason and built the first brick building in the city. He was well known here, and for many years was one of the leading builders. He married Joanna Trafton and lived here in 1812, at the time of the commencement of the war. He had four children, one son and three daugh- ters, viz: Moses, Hannah F,, deceased, wife of O. H. Ingalls; Abbie T., and Nancy, who died in early life. Mr. Giddings died in 1823. Moses Giddings received but a common school education, limited at that, for his father died when Moses was but seven years old so that he early had to look out for himself. He clerked in a store when a young man, and in 1846 embarked in the lumber business for himself. He formerly cut and man- ufactured, but now deals principally in timber lands. At one time he was engaged in navigation and owned a half interest in the first ship that was captured by the Sumter in the late war. Mr. Giddings formerly built and owned vessels. He has been chosen to represent his ward in both branches of the city government, and i^ President of the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad; also President of the Merchants' Marine Insurance Co^D- pany, and has been one of the trustees of Colby Univer- sity for over thirty years. His first wife was Miss Mary Shirley, to whom he was married in 1850, and who died in 185 1. His second wife was Miss Ernestine Chase, I married in 1854 and died in 1869. By her Mr. Gid- dings's children were: Frederick C, now of Bluehill, Maine; Mary S., deceased in 1866, and Madeline. In 1877 he married Mrs. Sarah E. Sabine, with whom he is now living. / Hon. Francis M. Sabine, of Bangor, was 'born in Bos- ton in 1811, but resided in youth in Hanipden. Here, at the public schools and Academy, he repeived a good rudimentary education. At the age of seventeen he went to Eastport, where, after four years' clerfeship with a mer- cantile firm, he went into similar business for himself. He was married in 1834, and in 1835 removed to Ban- gor and at once resumed his former business. Owing to the notably wide-spread business depression and conse- quent failures, he found, at the end of two years, that his assets were inadequate to pay his debts. Happily for all concerned, his creditors extended payment on old de- mands, gave new credit, and were ultimately paid in full. In the course of his mercantile career of thirty-six years, he engaged to some extent in other pursuits, among which was the manufacture of brick, and also farming. For the latter be had a natural inclination, which he grat- ified for twenty-seven years. Seventy acres, of a farm of one hundred and sixty, he converted from a very rough condition into beautiful grass-fields. The average annual crop of hay of this farm was one hundred tons. Twenty cows yielded an annual gross income of $1,200. The net income of this farm during the six years previous to its sale was eight per cent. The past ten years Mr. Sa- bine has been President, Treasurer, and Manager of the Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which oflSces he still holds. He took an active part in establishing the Bangor Mercantile Library Association, and for thirty years was its Treasurer and ex-offido a Director. In the first year of the late war he received from Governor Washburn, unsolicited, a commission as Assistant Quar- termaster-General, with orders from time to time for special service. The first was to issue to the Second Maine Regiment of Volunteers (the first to leave the State for Washington), an entire equipment for actual service. Another, in 1862, was to manufacture and issue the uniforms for the eight regiments of volunteers for nine months' service. He took a leading part in the or- ganization of the Freedmen's Aid Association, and served as its President. Through the generosity of the citizens of Bangor, the effective labor of our ladies, and the suc- cessful result of a course of lectures, this association con- tributed largely to the needs of these newly enfranchised people. He has served the city as a member of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 791 Board of Aldermen, and on the School Committee, Board of Assessors, and Overseers of the Poor. He is a member of the board of directors of banking and other business corporations, and a trustee of several estates. In politics he has been a Republican from the formation of the party — was previously a Free-soil Whig. In re- ligion he is a Unitarian. For forty-six years he has been a member of the Bangor Independent Congregational society, and for thirty-three years Superintendent of its Sunday-school. He has also been an active member of the Maine Conference of Unitarian churches from its formation, and was for three years President of the con- ferenee. Frank H. Williams is a son of James W. Williams, of Bangor, where he has always resided. James W. Wil- liams married Elizabeth T. Freese, daughter of Andrew Freese, of Bangor, and has three children, viz : Frank H., Lillian C, now Mrs. George B. Wiggm, of Bangor, and Fred J., also of Bangor. Frank Williams first engaged in business in Bangor as a clerk for the firm of Freese & Wiggin, becoming a member of the firm that succeeded them. The present firm is Wiggin, Small & Williams. Mr. Williams is also a member of the firm of F. H. Wil- liams & Co., of Boston, doing a brokerage business. Mr. Williams married Miss Louie A. Thompson, daughter of Captain Benjamin Thompson, of Bangor. The first representative of the Gallupe family to settle in this country was John Gallupe, who came from Eng- land with his father and two brothers and settled in Ston- ington, Connecticut. The father went back to England and was killed in battle. All the Gallupes in this coun- try originated from two of these sons — one dying a bach- elor. The sons were John, Thomas, and Nathaniel. John Gallupe had a son by the name of Thomas, who was the grandfather of Dr. William Gallupe. This name is spelled several different ways, but however it may be spelled, it is beheved to have been originally the same. Thomas Gallupe had a son by the name of Benjamin, who married Sally Park for his second wife. She was a daughter of Nehemiah Park. His family by both wives consisted of twelve children, all born in Plainfield, Con- necticut. Dr.. William Gallupe was the sixth son of this family, all of whom are now deceased except one beside himself. Dr. Gallupe commenced the study of medicine in September, 1826, and graduated in 1830 from the medical department of Dartmouth College. In 1840 he became convinced that homeopathy was the better and more desirable practice, and therefore adopted it. When he came here in 1844 there were but few homeopathic physicians in Maine. At this time he had been in prac- tice of his profession fourteen years in Concord, Massa- chusetts, Plainfield and New Ipswich, New Hampshire. There was at that time great opposition to homeopathy in this country. There were not then twenty persons within ten or fifteen miles who would employ any but the old school, physicians. The doctor seems to have suc- cessfully combatted this prejudice, for since then there have been from six to ten homeopathic physicians here and three are established here now, all of whom seem to be successful. Dr. Gallupe is now living with his third wife. He has two children Hving, having buried a son, who was a noted telegraph man, in 1876. Dr. George P. Jefferds, undoubtedly the most promi- nent and well-known of the homeopathic physicians of Bangor, is a native of Kennebunkport, in this State, born May 7, 1 8x6. His preparatory education was received at Phillips Academy, Andover, and Limerick, Maine. He entered Bowdoin College in 1834, and was duly graduated in course. From the fall of 1839 to the end of the academic year, in 1842, he was in charge first of the Alfred Academy, Maine, and then of Nashua Acad- emy, New Hampshire. He then matriculated in the medical department of Harvard University, but was graduated finally in medicine with high honor, in 1845, from the Bowdoin Medical School. He opened an office in his native town, beginning fortunately with the large practice of a physician who had just retired. His system was of the old school until 1850, when he became a con- vert to homeopathy. He practiced as a follower of Hahnemann for a little more than ten years longer in Kennebunkport, and then removed to Bangor, where he soon commanded an extensive and reputable practice, which has steadily widened and become more profitable with the years. The Doctor is the subject of a sketch in the Biographical Cyclopaedia of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons, which closes with the following worthy tribute : " Dr. Jefferds is a highly accomplished scholar, and a man of great natural powers. He has brought to his profession his largest energies, and the success he has won is the legitimate consequence of this ability and ap- plication." Dr. Alfred Walton, of Bangor, is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Brown) Walton, who came from Belfast to Old- town in 1830. Samuel Walton was for many years a merchant in Oldtown. He had six children — four sons and two daughters. He died on his way home from California in 1851. Dr. Alfred Walton was born June 22, 1832. After finishing his common school education he followed the sea a few years, and then went to Cal- ifornia, where he remained two years. On returning from there he built a mill in Alton, this county, and was en- gaged in the lumber business seven years. In 1862 he went into the army. He had previously been studying medicine, and was chosen Hospital Steward in the Eighth Maine. Regiment.. He remained in the army until the close of the war, and then returned to Oldtown. He then entered the medical department of Bowdoin Col- lege, was graduated in 1867, and settled in Oldtown, where he practiced until 1869, in which year he came to Bangor, where he has since lived. Dr. Walton married Electa M. Reed, daughter of Deacon Joseph H. and Abigail Reed. Mrs. Walton died very suddenly in May, 1881. Dr. Daniel Hennessy, an allopathic physician and surgeon, of Bangor, was born in Bandon, Ireland, December 25, 1838. His father, Baitholomew Hennessy, married Margaret McCarthy, and has five children, viz: Bartholomew, of Botsford, New Brunswick; John, also in Botsford; Daniel; Elizabeth, deceased wife of John Hartnett, of Bristol, New Brunswick; and Jeremiah, of 792 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Botsford. Mr. and Mrs. Hennessy are both living in Botsford, and Daniel was brought up on a farm in that place. After completing his common school education he attended school one year at Mount Allison Academy, at Sackville, New Brunswick, and from there he went to St. Dunstan's College at Charlotte, Town, Prince Ed- , ward's Island. He was here two years and then entered the ofifice of Dr. Carritte, of Shediac, New Brunswick, remaining with him for two years, and then took a course of lectures at Geneva Medical College, New York, spending the lime of two courses. During this time he spent eighteen months in De Camp General Hospital, near New York City. After completing his course at the college he attended lectures in New York at the Eye and Ear Infirmary and the private Lying in Institute in Mad- ison Avenue. In 1869 he commenced practice in Point Debute, New Brunswick, where he remained four and a half years. In 1873 he came to Bangor, where he has since lived. He married Alessandra Stewart Bliss, daughter of Rev. Donald M. Bliss, rector of Mount Whatly, New Brunswick. To this couple have been born three children, viz: Wilfred Augustin, Sarah Margaret Madeline, and Mary Alessandra. Dr. Hennessy has had a large experience in hospital practice and is' a skilled physician and surgeon. His office is at No. 29 Main street. Dr. John K. Lincoln, one of the leading dentists of Bangor, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He is a son of Augustus and Maria (Davis) Lincoln, natives of Massachusetts, who lived in Boston for a time, where some of their children were born. Mr. Lincoln owned an iron foundry in Boston, but afterwards purchased a farm. Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln had five children — four sons and one daughter, viz : William H., now in Millbury, Massachusetts; Albert AV., also in Millbury; Charles D.; Maria W., now Mrs. Barzilla Mills, of Rut- land, Massachusetts; and John K. Mr. Lincoln died in Rutland in 1879. Mrs. Lincoln died in 1841. John K. Lincoln was born July 5, 1841, in Worcester, Massa- chusetts. He received a common and high-school ed- ucation and went to Biddeford, where he studied dentis- try. He remained in Biddeford about six years, when he removed to Augusta and opened an office there, con- tinuing in practice for five years, when he came to Bangor and entered the Theological Seminary, at the same time opening an office and placing it in the hands of N. S. Jenkins. He completed the course and grad- uated m 1862, and was at once appointed Chaplain of the Twenty-second Maine Volunteers, stationed at New Or- leans and Baton Rouge. He remained with the regiment about nine months, when he received a severe hurt from being thrown from a horse into a deep ravine. He fell forty-five feet and received a severe fracture of the skull which caused him to be unconscious for nine days. From this severe injury he has since suffered, though better now than for years. He was sent home to Bangor and in 1863 had so far regained his health as to be able to open his office again, going into partnership with Mr. Jenkins. Since then he has remained in Bangor in the practice of his profession of dentistry. He married Olive Dame, of Saco. They have two daughters and one son, viz: Nellie M., Mary A., and Frederick D. For many years Mr. Lincoln was not able to see plainly enough to read on account of the injury to his head, not being able to see but a portion of a word at a time. He could see small words but only part of a long one at one time or without moving his paper. On this account he has been unable to preach. His present place of business is No. 2 Wheelwright and Clark's Block. He lives at 129 Cedar street. Dr. Ralph Kneeland Jones was born at Stockbridge, in the county of Berkshire, in Massachusetts, on Sunday, July 13, 1823. He was the son of Samuel Jones of that place, a lawyer, and a graduate of Yale College. Through his father, who was the fifth of the same name, he was descended from the Jones family of Saybrook and Heb- ron in Connecticut, and through his mother, from the Connecticut Gilberts and Champions. Fitted for college at the schools and academy at Stockbridge, he was ad- mitted to Williams College, but did not join his class. After teaching for a short time he decided to adopt the profession of a physician. He pursued his medical studies with Dr. Henry I. Bowditch, of Boston, and at the Medical School at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and the Harvard Medical School at Boston. In the autumn of 1847 he received the degree of M. D. from the latter school, and, after a year's service as house physician in the Massachusetts General Hospital, settled for the prac- tice of his profession at West Needham, now Hellesley, Massachusetts. A year later he removed to Vineyard Haven (then called Holmes' Hole), on the Island of Martha's Vineyard. On November 4, 1853, he was married to Miss Octavia Avon Yale Norris, of that vil- lage. In 1857 Dr. Jones removed to Bangor, Penob- scot county, Maine, and has ever since lived here, and has been actively engaged in professional work. In the years 1862, 1863, and 1866 he was City Physician of Bangor. In 1862 he was appointed an Examining Sur- geon of Pensioners, being one of the first to receive such appointment, and since the organization of the Bangor Board of Examming Surgeons in 1870, he has been its President. In 1863 he received the appointment of Sur- geon in the First Regiment of Infantry in the Maine State Guards. The Penobscot County Medical Associa- tion chose him as its President in February, 1867, and again in November, 1874. In 1874 he delivered the oration before the Maine Medical Association at its an- nual meeting at Portland. Dr. Jones has four sons living — Henry Champion, Gilbert Norris, Ralph Kneel- and, Jr., and Eliot Norris. The first and oldest is at present (November, 1881) Assistant in Botany in Har- vard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Melyin Preble, of Bangor, is a son of Winn Pre- ble, a native of Bowdoinham, Kennebec county, Maine. His mother's maiden name was Lucinda Williams, daugh- ter of Samuel Williams, Esq. Winn Preble was m for- mer years a merchant in Bangor, though now retired. He has six children living, viz: H. C. Preble, of Bangor; Edwin, of Garland; Melvin; Marilla M., wife of Henry A. Swett, of Gloucester, Massachusetts; Hiram J., of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 793 Bangor, an attorney of this city; and Lucinda W. They lost two in early life. Dr. Melvin Preble was born July 10, 1848. He attended the common and high-school at Garland, and then went to Massachusetts and attended the Medical Department of Harvard University for one year; then went to Brunswick, Maine, and attended the Maine Medical College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1866. After graduating he spent some time in the Medical Hospitals in Boston. He commenced the practice of medicine in California, where he went in 1866. On account of loss of health he returned to Maine and after recovering his health sufficiently he com- menced practice again. Since then he has lived in Ban- gor and practiced his profession. The doctor enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry in 1864-65, and was detailed on special duty. First he was in the Commissary Depart- ment, and afterward Chief Clerk in the mustering office at Etrics, Virginia. During the summer of the year 1865 he was detailed, together with Sergeant Chandler and a Miss Truman, of the village, to open and teach a free school, for the benefit of the children and people of the place. This being a free school was largely attended and served to show that the Union soldiers, and officers only wished the people well and desired to do them good. At the close of the term the teachers received the com- mendations of the officers of our army and the people of the town. The doctor was appointed as city physician during the years 1862 and 1863. This was the year that the small-pox raged here, and thoughthedoctor was him- self disabled and had to go on crutches from a broken leg caused by being caught in the falling wall of a burning building, he notwithstanding this managed to make as high as sixty calls a day and had excellent success. Dr. Preble is not married. He has a large practice and is successful in his calling. Dr. Daniel W. Maxfield, a dentist of Bangor, was born December 15, 1835. He is a son of Andrew and La- vinia (McGrath) Maxfield. Andrew Maxfield was a na- tive of Westbrook, formerly Falmouth, near Portland, Maine. He was a son of Daniel Maxfield. Lavinia McGrath was born in Bangor, as was also her mother and her grandmother. Andrew and Lavinia Maxfield had seven children, and Mr. Maxfield had three daugh- ters by a previous marriage. The names of his children by his second wife were: Daniel W.; Joseph, deceased; Sarah, deceased; Joseph N., Frank C, both of last named now living in Bangor; Anna F., deceased; and Charles S., now in Bangor. Mr. Maxfield was a mason, and built the first house on Essex street above State. He came to Bangor in 1823. He was one of the first Abolitionists in the city. He died November 3, 1880. Mrs. Maxfield is still living, being seventy-three years of age. Daniel Maxfield, after receiving such an education as is to be obtained in the common and high schools of Bangor, entered the office of Dr. P. Evans, dentist, with whom he remained twelve years, learning the profession and practicing it under the direction of the Doctor. In i875_he opened dental rooms for himself at 2^ Strick- land's Block, where he has ever since been located. He married Addle M. Prince, daughter of Grant Prince, of Albany, Oxford county, Maine. They have two children living, viz: Hattie L. and Frederick E. The Doctor has served as Councilman in the City Government here. Bertram Lewis Smith, Esq., a well-known attorney and oounsellor-at-law in Bangor, is a native of Exeter, in this county, born November 20, 1857, oldest child of Wil- liam and Rosina (Foss) Smith. His father was a farmer in Exeter. He was trained in the common schools of his native town, and at the Exeter High School, under private tutors at the Maine Central Institute at Pittsfield, and the Bloomfield Academy, where his classical and general education was completed at the age of seventeen. He had begun to teach in the country schools when he was only fifteen, and taught thenceforth every vacation until his own formal education was completed, and one final term after he left Bloomfield. The next spring, in 1875, he came to Bangor and began to read law with Judge Whiting S. Clark, a leading practitioner here then, and now in Des Moines, Iowa. He remained with Judge Clark during all his elementary professional course, and was admitted to the Bar at the August term, 1877, of the Supreme Judicial Court, sitting in Bangor, before he was twenty years of age. He began practice alone the next winter, in West Waterville, and remained there about fifteen months, or until the spring of 1879, when he was offered a very eligible partnership with General (now Governor) Harris M. Plaisted, and finally removed to Bangor. He was associated with General Plaisted and F. H. Appleton, Esq., in the preparation of the vo- luminous Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Courts of Maine, which appeared under their names with his as associate compiler. The partnership of Plaisted & Smith was maintained with great success until May, 1881, when it was dissolved by reason of the senior partner's election as Governor of the State. He has since practiced alone, as successor to the firm of Plaisted & Smith. He was a member of the Common Council of the city during the official year 1880-81; has been Chairman of the Greenback County Committee during three campaigns and still holds that responsible position; and was a delegate from Maine to the National Green- back Convention of 1880, in Chicago, and represented the party of the State on the Committees on Permanent Organization and on Rules and Orders. In March, 1881, he was a])pointed by Governor Plaisted Reporter of De- cisions in the Supreme Court; but the name was with- drawn some time afterwards, at the request of Mr. Smith. As yet but twenty-four years of age, in the prime of his young manhood, with many influential friends and the prestige of a successful career thus far, he has the prom- ise of long and distinguished professional and general usefulness. James Donigan was born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 15, 1848. His father, Thomas Donigan, had eight children, five sons and three daughters, seven of whom are still living, viz: Mary E., James W., Bernard K, Sarah A. (now Mrs. C. E. Lawrence, of Boston), Ella A. (now Mrs. Watkins, of Providence, Rhode Island), Thomas H., of Bangor, and Albert F., of Orono, Maine. James W. Donigan, the second of these sons, after 794 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. completing the course of the graded schools of Oldtown, went to Lewiston, where he worked in the factories to obtain the means to attend the Maine State Seminary (now Bates College). He afterward attended the Maine Conference Seminary. He commenced the study of law in the County Clerk's ofifice in 1869. In 1870 he en- tered the ofifice of Charles A. Bailey, Esq., where he con- tinued his studies, and was admitted to the Bar at the April term in 1872. Mr. Donigan has been a teacher for many years, both while pursuing his law studies and after his admission to the Bar. August 17, 1874, he was married to Miss Carrie A. Starrett, daughter of David J. Starrett, of Thoraaston, Maine. They have one child — Cato M., now three years old. Mr. Donigan is at pres- ent located at No. 55 West Market Square. D. M. Hall, editor and publisher of the Dirigo Rural, in Bangor, is a son of Daniel Hall, of Nobleboro, Lin- coln county, Maine. His grandfather, also named Daniel, was a native of Jefferson, Lincoln county, Maine, though he lived principally in Nobleboro. Daniel Hall, 2d, father of the subject of this sketch, married Miss Lu- cinda Hall, daughter of Isaac Hall, and moved to Her- raon in 1834, where he has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have had six children — Daniel M.; Lucinda S.; Isaac S., station agent at Maranocook, Maine; Olive T., deceased; George W., now in Minnesota, an attorney, graduate of Colby University, now admitted to practice in the United States Courts; and one that died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are both living in Hermon, this coun- ty. Daniel M. Hall was born September 17, 1836, in Hermon. He spent his boyhood on the farm, receiving such an education as the common schools afforded. De- siring to get a better education as he grew older, he at- tended an academy and fitted himself for a teacher, which vocation he followed for several years during the winter, carrying on the farm during the rest of the year. For two seasons he was employed as a surveyor in Aroos- took county. In 1874 he moved to Bangor and started the paper which he has since conducted — the Dirigo Rural. This is the only agricultural paper east of the Kennebec River, and, under the able management of Mr. Hall, is one of the best papers in the State. Mr. Hall married Miss Maria O. Pike, daughter of Silas S. Pike, of Carmel. They have had one son named Mil- ton D., who is now deceased. Mr. Hall, while living in Hermon, served as Selectman and Superintending School Committeeman. One of the oldest and most widely known business houses in Bangor is that of Wheelwright, Clark & Com- pany. Mr. Joseph Wheelwright, the senior member of the firm, is a son of George Wheelwright, a native of Kennebunkport, Maine, who came to Bangor in 1834. He had_ three children, two sons and one daughter, viz: George A., now residing in Wells, Maine; Mary, wife of C. P. Felch, of Chicago, and Joseph. Mr. Wheelwright was for some years a Custom-house officer in Kenne- bunkport.- Joseph Wheelwright was born April 18, 182 1, in Kennebunkport, Maine. After receiving such an edu- cation as the common schools of that time gave, he came to Bangor and entered the employ of Thomas Furber as a clerk, remaining with him three years. Mr. Furber failed in business and Mr. Wheelwright bought out the business. Since that time Mr. Wheelwright has been in business here. In 1840 the style of the firm was George Wheelwright & Son, being then the only clothing house in the city. This was the year of the cele- brated Aroostook war, and their entire stock of clothing was sold in one day. Mr. George Wheelwright died in 1845 3.nd the business was continued by J. S. Wheel- wright until 1850, when Mr. J. G. Clark was associated with him. In 1872 Mr. J. G. Blake and George Wheel- wright were admitted as partners and the business has since been conducted under the present firm name. In 1859 they erected what then was and still is the most elegant store in the city, which they occupied for their large wholesale and retail business until 1878, when they removed to Phcenix Block, and now confine them- selves to wholesaling exclusively. The sales of the house the first year were only $13,000, but have con- stantly increased until now their sales amount to nearly $500,000 per annum. Doubtless few persons in the city are aware how large and important a man- ufacturing establishment this has become. They now give employment to over two hundred persons. Mr. Wheelwright married for his first wife Miss Susan A. Webb, of Weymouth, Massachusetts. She died in 1876. By her he has three children, one son and two daughters, viz: George W., one of thfe firm; Ella, wife of H. A. Saxton, of Bangor; Carrie, now Mrs. H. E. Rus- segue of Framingham, Massachusetts. Mr. Wheelwright has been a member of the city government in both branches and twice, in 1872 and 1873, was the Mayor of the city. In 1874 he was sent as Representative to the Legisla- ture, and in 1875 ^"d 1876 was a member of the Senate. Mr. Clark, of this firm, is a native of Myalls, Maine. He is a son of Thomas Clark; was born m 1829, and came to Bangor when a boy, and engaged as clerk with Mr. Wheelwright. He has been with him either as clerk or partner since that time. He married Hattie Brown, daughter of Joseph Brown. She died several years since, leaving one son, Lewis, now in Harvard College. Mr. Clark married for his second wife Miss Anna Clark, daughter of Isaac R. Clark of this city. The firm of Leighton, Davenport & Co., gas-fitters, has been established under the present name but about four years. Mr. Leighton's father, Anson Leighton, came to Bangor in 1832. He was born at Falmouth, now Portland, March 2, 1812. His parents early moved to Norway, Maine, where his father died, leaving a widow and two children — Anson and Ichabod E. Anson lived from the time he was four years old until he was fourteen with a Mr. Gordon — including a few years with the Shaker family at Poland, Mr. Gordon being then con- nected with that family. He was afterwards apprenticed to a Mr. North, of Westbrook, where he learned the tin- plate worker's trade. On coming to Bangor he went to work for the well-known firm of Campbell & Mills, where he remained until 1834, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Charles H. Wing, under the firm name of Leighton & Wing. Their shop was at the east end of HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 795 Central Bridge, then just built. Mr. Wing withdrew in 1837, and his brother, I. E. Leighton, became connected with him about one year. Mr. Leighton then remained alone until about 1840, when he removed to the present place of business, corner of Exchange and York streets. At that time he formed a partnership with Mr. Samuel Lunt, under the name of Lunt & Leighton. Mr. Lunt withdrew in 1847 3"<^ l'"s brother again became connected with him, remaining until 1862, when he withdrew. Mr. Leighton carried on business alone until 1864, when he admitted to partnership Mr. G. A. Davenport, who had worked some years in the establishment, and his son, Horace W. This firm continued until the death of Mr. Leighton, December 5, 1877. He married Eleanor W. Saunders, daughter of John and Martha Saunders, of Bangor. She is still living. To this couple have been born four children^Mary J., now Mrs. George S. Chal- mers; Maria, L., wife of Mr. M. G. Trask; Martha L., deceased; and Horace W. Horace W. Leighton, young- est son of this family, is now a member of the firm car- rying on the business at the old stand. He was born June 5, 1846, in Bangor, and has been engaged in the gas-fitting business since finishing his education. Mr. George A. Davenport, of the present firm of Leighton, Davenport & Co., is a native of Hallowell, Maine. His father was a farmer and brickmaker, and George A. was brought up on the farm At the age of eighteen he went. to Hallowell, and learned the stove and tin- plate business, remaining there four years. He came to Bangor in 1854, and went to work for Wood, Bishop & Co. for two years, and then went to work for Mr. Leighton. He has been ever since connected with the firm, being admitted as a partner in 1864. In 1878, on the death of Mr. Leighton, Mr. Manly G. Trask was taken in as a member of the firm, and so continues to this time. Mr. Davenport married Miss M. Louise Brown, daughter of Buckley Brown, of this city. They have five children— Etta L., Helen C, Lottie M., Albert H., and Mattie M. Mr. Davenport has been a member df the City Council. Manly G. Trask, of the above firm, is a native of New Sharon. His father was a farmer, and Manly G. was brought up on the farm. On becoming of age, he came to Bangor, and engaged in the business of photography which he continued about twelve years. In 1870 he went into the hardware business, in which he continued until 1877, when he became a member of the firm of Leighton, Davenport & Co. Mr. Trask married Miss Maria L. Leighton, daughter of Anson Leighton, and has one daughter — Mattie L. Mr. Trask has been for Several years connected with the City Government, havmg been three years a member of the Council, and two on the ^^oard of Aldermen. When he was a member of the Council he was for two years President of that body. Tfie firm of N. H. Bragg & Sons, the well known iron and hardware dealers of Bangor, has been established under the present name since 1871. Norris H. Bragg is a native cSf Dixmont, in this county, where he was a blacksnciith until 1854, when he came to Bangor and ^StdUished the business as now conducted in company with Sumner Bassford. They continued in businesb until 1861, when Mr. Bassford went out and Mr. Bragg continued alone until 1866, when he admitted his son, Norris K, to a partnership. They continued until 1867, when Mr. Bragg died and Norris E. Bragg continued the business alone until 1871, when he took his brother into partnership and conducted the business under the old name by adding to the sign, making it N. H. Bragg & Sons, under which name it now stands. Norris H. Bragg married Sophia Crocker, daughter of Nathaniel Crocker, of Dixmont. As stated above, he died in 1867. Mrs. Bragg is still living. Their family consisted of two sons who grew up, viz: Norris E. and Charles F., the present members of the firm. Norris E. married Annie R. Tefft, daughter of Benjamin Tefft, of Brewer. They have two children — Norris F. and the baby, not named. Charles F. married Florence Wingate, daughter of Wil- liam P. Wingate. They have two children living — Franklin E. and Agnes W. The place of business of this firm is at No. 4 Broad street. The Neally family is of Scotch-Irish descent and traces its genealogy back to one Andrew Neally, who in 1730 objected to the hiring of a minister. They have a very complete chart of the family. Charles Neally, of Bangor, was born in Hampden and came here about 1836. He has always been engaged in the lumber and provision business, and is widely known over the lumber region of Maine. He married Angeline P. Cummings. Mrs. Neally died in 1856, and Mr. Neally married for his second wife Mrs. Sarah J. McGrath. Mr. Neally has three children, viz: Melvin, of Brewer; Herbert E., also of Brewer; and Edward R., of Bangor. Mr. Neally's place of business is 96 Exchange street. Mr. Charles Hayward, head of the house of Charles Hayward & Co., wholesale dealers in flour, groceries, and provisions, 1 10-14 Exchange street, is a native of the Pine Tree State, born in Readfield, Kennebec county, April 7, 1812. At the age of twenty, on March ir, 1832, he reached Bangor and began at once as clerk in the retail grocery store of Mr. Stephen Goodhue; in about a year changed to the grocery store of Nathaniel Good- hue, and after two years with him to the similar estab- lishment of Messrs. J. & J. True, at No. 50 West Market Square. After more than five years in their service he was admitted, in August, 1840, as a member of the firm, which then took the name of J. & J. True & Co. Three years afterward Mr. Jabez True was bought out by his partners, and the firm was changed to True & Hayward. Various other changes have occurred with the years. The latter became head of the house, then bearing the title of Hayward & Harris, in 1855. The latter went to Boston three years after, disposing of his interest to Mr. Hayward, who continued the business alone until Octo- ber, i860, when he received as partners one of his old clerks, Mr. George Varney, and also Mr. Charles V. Lord, when the house took the name it now bears, but with a somewhat different composition. Colonel Varney remains with the concern, but Mr. Lord's place has been taken since the war by Mr. Wilbur F. Brann. The bus- iness remained on West Market Square till the great- fire 796 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of January i, 1869, which completely destroyed the building (the individual property of Mr. Hayward) and very nearly all its contents, except the safe, books and papers of the firm. After temporary occupation else- where they removed to their present spacious and con- venient quarters on Exchange street. Mr. Hayward has for thirty years been a trustee of the Bangor Savings Bank, and on the death of George W. Pickering, six years ago, he became its President. He has also been long associated m the management of the Kenduskeag National Bank. Although a consistent Whig and since Republican, he has always objected to office-seeking or office-holding; but in 1841-42 deemed it a duty to ac- cept service as a member of the Common Council; in 1844 as member of the Board of Aldermen, declining an offered re-nomination; and in 1847 as Mayor of the city, serving one term, and again declining re-election. He was again in the Board of Aldermen, serving two years, 1871 and 1872, and has been Chief Engmeer of the Fire Department, and in many minor positions of public trust. He has long been an attendant upon the Congregational church, but is not a member of any relig- ious organization. He was married May 19, 1847, to Miss Amanda M. Leslie, of Bangor. They have three children — Charles Leslie, residing in Bangor; Olive M., now Mrs. Charles W. Rolfe, of Portland; and Laura M., now Mrs. William H. Murphy, of Detroit, Michigan. Hon. John B. Foster, member of the firm of W. P. Hubbard & Co., commission merchants and flour, grain, and feed dealers at No. 8 Pickering Square, Bangor, is a native of Petersham, Massachusetts, born in June, 1819, and removed to Maine about 1836, when he was seven- teen years old, to make his own way in the world. He engaged in a store m that part of the then Levant, now the site of Kenduskeag village, in this county, and re- mained there two or three years, when he removed to Bangor, where he has since been prominent in the busi- ness circles of the city. The various firms of Mhich he has been a member were Foster & Upton, in which the late Elias A. Upton was a partner; Foster & Hayward, the junior member being J. T. K. Hayward, now of Hannibal, Missouri, where he has become eminent in railway and other business; J. B. Foster & Co., in which he was associated with Joseph W. Freese, since deceased; and finally is now in the firm of Messrs. W. P. Hubbard & Co. He served in 1870-71, as a State Senator from Penobscot county, and was President of that body the latter year. He had previously served in the lower House as a Representative from Bangor, for two years. In 1878 he was a member of the Executive Council of the State. He was the originator of the Bangor Mer- chants' Marine Insurance Company, and its President for several years. He was married about 1845, to Miss Catharine, daughter of Jacob McGaw, Esq., of Bangor, and has had three children, of whom two survive. Messrs. Caldwell, Sweet & Bro., leading druggists of Bangor, at No. 2 Main street, have one of the newer es- tablishments of the city, founded by the senior partner in January, 1875. He had been for a number of years a clerk in the city drug stores— first with B. F. Bradbury, and then with J. F. Patten. He and his brother are both natives of the city, sons of Abel S. and Abbie B. (Clark) Sweet, who had removed separately, while each was single, from Atkinson and Damariscotta, respectively, to Bangor, where they were married. Caldwell was prosperous in the business from the beginning. Starting with but a total capital of five hundred dollars, in partner- ship with N. S. Harlow, as Harlow & Sweet, in a drug- store just opposite his present place of business, he sold out his interest at the expiration of about two years, and engaged in the same line of trade under the old Harriman House, on Main street, since burned, where he had as a partner Mr. Isaiah S. Emery, the firm name being Sweet & Emery. They were burned out in December, 1874, which dissolved the partnership, Mr. Sweet taking the entire interest. The next month, as before stated, he started in alone, with a brand new concern, at No. 2 Main street. In March, 1877, he received into partner- ship his brother, Abel S. Sweet, Jr., who had had some experience with him in the business. Their trade has steadily increased, and they now have one of the finest drug-stores in Eastern Maine, with perhaps the largest prescription business in the city, and a very excellent general trade ; they are also largely in the whole- sale trade, commanding purchasers not only from the Penobscot, but the Piscataquis and Aroostook Valleys, and other parts of the State. Both are still young men in strong, energetic health of mind and body, and are bound to a prosperous future. Messrs. Adams Bros., manufacturers of silk and stiff felt hats, and dealers in buffalo and fancy robes, hats, caps, and furnishing goods, at No. 5 Bowman's Block, Bangor, began with a new establishment in the Granite Block in 1869. The firm is composed of Nathaniel G. Adams and W. H. H. Adams, of an old Bangor family, and both natives of the city, sons of Ebenezer Adams, a prominent house-builder in his day, who constructed most of the leading business blocks in this city. He is still living at the venerable age of eighty-seven. W. H. H. Adams had been for some years engaged in similar business with Messrs. V. L. Catlin & Co., of Bangor, a firm now out of trade here. The new house formed by himself and brother prospered, and the business was gradually enlarged from its very small beginnings until, about two years after the opening, it was advisable to re- move to a better stand and larger quarters on the Ken- duskeag Bridge, where they have been doing a safe and active business during the last ten years. Its demands compelled them a few months ago to still further enlarge their store-room, and they now have one of the most spacious and elegant establishments of the kind in the city. Their manufacturing department is carried on in the same building, on the floor above their salesroom. For several years they have added to their business the manufacture of Odd Fellows' regalia, and are about to enter also upon the making of the elaborate and beauti- ful uniforms worn by the Order of Knights Templars. The first representative of the Clayton family in this country was John Clayton, who came with Burgoyne's army, and was with it taken prisoner at the surrender of tlistORY OF PENOBSdof COUNTY, MAINE. 797 Yorktown. He had three sons — Jacob, John, and Bar- tholomew. Bartholomew Clayton, the youngest son, married Mary Tarr, of Salem, Maine. They had ten children, six sons and four daughters, all of whom lived tQ maturity except one. The names of the living are Charles, of Bangor, Maine; Matilda, now Mrs. G. Whit- ney, of Boston, Massachusetts; William Z., of Bangor; Rufus M., of Minnesota; Harriet, now Mrs. Chamber- lin, of Massachusetts; Marietta, now Mrs. Davis, of Hyde Park, Massachusetts; Colmore P., of Minnesota. Edmund B., who died at Andersonville Prison, was a brother of those above named. Charles Clayton married Ellen Towne, of Vermont. Mr. Clayton settled in Bangor in 1870, having previously lived in Boston, Hartford, Chi- cago, arid Philadelphia. On coming to Bangor he en- gaged in the leather belt business, which he has followed from boyhood. He makes all kinds of belts, together with all kinds of boot and shoe leather, his place of business being 46 Exchange street. He employs six hands on an average. Timothy Sullivan is the son of Michael Sullivan, of County Cork, Ireland. He had five children, of whom Timothy is the second son. Timothy Sullivan was born in 1823 in the Parish of Milltown. He came to Bangor in 1844 and commenced life as a laborer; went to California in 1852, where he remained four years and a half, and, returning to Bangor in 1856, he engaged in the grocery and provision business, which he has since followed. In 1859 he married Julia O'Brien, from Cork, Ireland. They have three children — Michael, Nellie, and Mary, all of whom are living at home. His store is at 13 and 15 Exchange and Washington streets, Ban- gor. F. C. Brackett is the son of John Brackett, who came here from Wolfboro, Massachusetts. He had seven children, three sons and four daughters, six of whom grew to maturity — Naomi, now Mrs. I. W. Grant, of Boston; Laura, now Mrs. P.^ B. Emerson, of Michigan; 0. J., now of Nevada City, California; Rilla, now Mrs. G. A. Kerswell, of Boston; F. C; Mary, deceased. Mr. F. C. Brackett was born in Harmon, Maine, July 26, 1853. On becoming of age he came to Bangor and en- gaged in the, manufacture of beer and soda water, in which he continued until 1878, when he bought out the Bangor Ice Company, and has continued in the ice busi- ness ever since. In 1873 he married Lizzie Drinkwater, daughter of Jefferson Drinkwater, of Bangor, This family of Bracketts originally came from England. There were three brothers, who came over together. Mn Brackett does the largest ice business of any firm in the city, supplying principally the local trade and shipping some to other places. Charles Woodman, a man well-known in the business circles of this county, was born in Fryeburg, Maine. He ^as formerly a resident of Burlington, where he and his brother Andrew, now deceased, were the principal mer- chants for many years. Mr. Woodman has resided in Bangor during the past fifteen years and has been largely interested in the manufacture and sale of lumber. He is also interested in the timber lands of the State. Dea- con Benjamin Woodman, father of Charles Woodman, was one of the earliest seitkrs of Burlington. He was noted for his honesty and integrity and for his zeal in building up Christian institutions. The firm of Parker & Peaks, boot and shoe manu- facturers, of Bangor, was established in 1867. They be- gan business in a small way, but by close attention to their busmess, coupled with integrity and business ability have built up the largest boot and shoe manufactory in the city or in this part of the State. Their manufactory is located on Exchange street, Nos. 33 and 35. They now occupy a two-story building but are about to double their capacity by adding another story and basement to their establishment. They at present employ about one hun- dred hands and this year will manufacture about six thou- sand cases of boots and shoes. Their trade embraces all New England and most of the Western States. One of the largest cloth and clothing houses in Bangor is that of Robinson & Arey. These gentlemen are well known to this vicinity, having both been with Wheel- wiight, Clark & Co. for many years. They bought out the retail and custom department of that firm in 1879 and now occupy the fine rooms on Tayloi's coiner, in the Wheelwright & Clark block. They occupy three stories of the building and employ from forty to fifty girls in the manufactory department. They carry a large stock of ready-made clothing and cloths. Both are young and energetic men and they are doing a large bus- iness in their line. The firm of Fuller & Stanford, wholesale grocers, was formed in 1867. Mr. Fuller, the senior member of the firm, is a son of David Fuller, of Lewiston, formerly from Massachusetts, who married Sally Garcelon. They had ten children, five sons and five daughters, all of whom grew up to adult life. Mr. Fuller was a mechanic and farmer, and David, Jr., was brought up on the farm. He is the seventh child and fourth son of the family, and the only son Hving. He was born July 4, 1812. Mr. Fuller, on-becoming of age, engaged in lumbering, farm- ing, milling and mercantile business in Carmel, this county, where he lived until about 1854, when he came to Bangor and engaged in the hotel business in which he continued about four years. In 1858 he went into the lumber and wholesale grocery business with Mr. Hop- kins. He also had as a partner Mr. Drummond, and for a time Mr. Hopkins. The present firm has continued since 1867. Mr. Gordon Stanford, the junior member of the firm, was born in Lyndon, Vermont, in 1844, and is a son of John Stanford. He came to Bangor in 1863 and engaged in the dry goods business which he con- tinued until the present firm was formed in 1867. This firm handle groceries, flour, grain, etc. Mr. Fuller mar- ried Elvirsa Dennett, . from Hallowell. They have one daughter, Augusta, wife of Mr. Stanford, his partner. A. H. Merrill, proprietor of the Brownsville slate quarries, originally came from New Hampshire. He first settled in this State at Belfast. From Belfast he moved to Piscataquis county, where he has lived about sixty years. He married Persis Poor Greenleaf, daughter of Captain Eben Greenleaf, of Williamsburg, Maine. They t98 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUlSfTY, MAl^fE. have eleven children now living, having lost two. He has associated with him in the slate business four of his sons, viz: Adolphu=, Frederick, Arthur, at the quarry, and Henry A., at Bangor. This quarry has been opened thirty-five years. They now employ from one hundred to one hundred and fifty men and are now putting in new machinery to develop another quarry which will an- other season employ at least fifty more men. The firm of J. S. Ricker & Co., wholesale and retail crockery dealers at No. 3 Main street, Bangor, was formed in 1877. Mr. Ricker, the senior member of the firm, was born in New Portland, Maine. His father, Tobias W. Ricker, was a farmer, and married Martha D. Snow. They had five children, of whom Josiah is the second. He has one sister living, Mrs. Dunbar, of Cherryfield, Maine. Josiah S. Ricker was born June 8, 1826. He received a common school and academic education, and on beginning business life for himself came to Bangor and went into the dry-goods store of J. C. White & Co., on Main street. He remained with them six years, when, with E. P. Prince, he opened a crockery store on Main . street. This firm continued about three years, when Mr. Ricker bought out Mr. Prince and continued the busi- ness alone until 1862, when he formed a partnership with Mr. R. Ireland. They remained together until i86g, when Mr. Ireland went West and Mr. Ricker did busi- ness alone until 1876, when a partnership was formed under the present firm name, Mr. E. Lyon being the junior partner. They do a very large business, both wholesale and retail. Mr. Ricker has been connected with the city government at different times. He married Miss Miranda B. Lyon, daughter of Judge Lyon, of Bangor, formerly of Waterville, Mame. They have no children. During the war Mr. Ricker was in the State service as captain of Company B, Maine State Guards, of the First Regiment Maine State Volunteers. He was for three months in the United States service with his company. Mr. Lyon, the junior partner, is a son of C. E. Lyon, of Bangor, a native of Waterville. C. E. Lyon is the well-known dry-goods man on Main street. He has three sons— Charles A., William R., and Edward E. Edward E., the youngest, was born July 9, 1853. He received a common and high-school education, and on becoming of age first engaged as clerk with George W. Ladd in the wholesale grocery business, where he re- mained seven years. In 1877 he formed the present partnership with Mr. Ricker. Mr. Lyon married Almeda C. Crosby, daughter of John H. Crosby, November 15, 1877. They have one son — Alpheus Crosby. Mr. John S. Kimball, of the firm of John S. Kimball & Son, is a son of Stephen and Rebecca (Sawyer) Kim- ball, of Bangor. Stephen Kimball was a son of Jesse Kimball, of New Hampshire. Stephen Kimball came to Bangor in 1800. He was a house carpenter, and brought his tools in bags slung over his horse, coming through the woods from the Kennebec. He built the Judge Kinsley house in Hampden, still in existence. Mr. Kimball married Rebecca Sawyer, daughter of Rev. John Sawyer, who was so widely known here for many years. He was one of the founders of the Seminary here, and was widely known on account of the zeal he manifested in the upbuilding of educational and Chris- tian institutions. Stephen and Rebecca Kimball had thirteen children. The names of those who grew up were Jackson S., Rebecca H., John S., Stephen J., and Charles P. All these are now deceased except Charles P., who is in California, and John S. Mr. Kimball was in trade here for many years. He died July 13, 1852, at the age of seventy-one. John S. Kimball was born July 21, 1813, in Bangor. He worked during his early life on the farm which his father owned near the city, though the family lived in town. On becoming of age he entered the store of N. G. Norcross, in Bangur, where he remained with Mr. Norcross, and afterward with Norcross & Mason until 1832, and afterwards clerked for Barker & Mills, and was engaged in business, closing out during the panic in 1836, and again clerking for sev- eral years. In 1850 he went to Boston and engaged with C. H. Ham & Co., lumber dealers, as bookkeeper, where he remained three years, when he came back to Bangor and engaged as clerk with Mr. J. B. Fos- ter and continued in this position three years when he bought a half interest in the firm and it became J. B. Foster & Co. In 1858 he bought Mr. Foster's in- terest and continued the business until 1871, taking in his son as a partner. In 1871 he sold out and went into the insurance business, in which he is now engaged under the firm name of John S. Kimball & Son. His place of business is 128 Exchange street. Mr. Kimball married Miss Sarah S. French, who died in 1865. Mr. Kimball is now living with his third wife. His second wife was Abbie C. Scates, of Waterville, who died in 1870. His present wife's name was Mrs. Samanth I. Dadd. By his first wife he had four children, viz : John F., deceased ; James F., now in Medway, Maine; Samuel S., with his father in Bangor, and Edwin,' who died in infancy. By his second wife he had one son, Charles E., deceased. One of the largest dry goods establishments in Bangor is that of E. C. Nichols. Mr. Nichols was born in Corinth, Maine, December 9, 1838. His parents, Hum- phrey and Marcia (Tyler) Nichols, had seven children, of whom E. C. is the fourth son. His father was a farmer and he spent his early life on the farm, receiving a com- mon school and academic education. In 1857 he came to Bangor and entered the store of S. & J. Adams as clerk, where he remained one and one-half years, but his health failing he went out of the store and traveled through the country peddling goods. This he did not only as a business but to regain his health. After regain- ing his health he went to Lowell and entered into a machine shop, but not liking the business he remained but a short time. After this he taught school in Brad- ford. In 1859 he came back to Bangor and clerked for Silas S. Drew one year. He also worked for J. P. Bass one year and then went into business with J. T. Rines. This firm, under the name of Rines & Nichols, con- tinued four years when Mr. Nichols sold out his interest and bought out A. Kirkpatrick & Co. He carried on business alone about four years, when, his health failing HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 799 him again he went to New York and entered the Hy- gienic estabhshment, where he spent the winter. He liked the system so well that he went back and studied for the practice of medicine. His business needing the care of a competent man he took in Mr. KirkjDatrick and his brother, W. E. Nichols, as partners, while he re- mained in New York until business called him back here and forced him to remain and give up medicine. Mr. Nichols married Sarah Tyler for his first wife. She died in 1876 and he married Ellen Morrill. He has one daughter, June by name. Mr. Nichols employs about twenty-five hands most of the time. He manufac- tures largely and employs ten salesmen in his large .store on Main street. James D. Glynn, of the firm of Glynn & Reynolds, book and stationery dealers, is a son of John and Bridget (Fay) Glynn, both born in Ireland. They had nine chil- dren, of whom James D. is the oldest living. He was born November 11, 1855, in Bangor. His parents came here in 1840. After receiving a common school education in the schools of Bangor, James commenced life for himself in the store of D. Bugbee & Co., in this city, where he remained thirteen years. In July, 1881, he opened with Mr. Reynolds a wholesale and retail book and stationery store at 142 Exchange street. Mr. Glynn married Lena M. Lutz, daughter of Jacob J. Lutz, of this city. Mr. Glynn is a young man of ability and the firm is already doing a fair share of business in their line. Mr. David Bugbee, senior member of the firm of David Bugbee & Co., booksellers, stationers and book binders, 5 Strickland's Block, was born in Pomfret, Ver- mont, and having become in different places master of the several branches of his trade as book-binder and blank book manufacturer, came to this city in June, 183&, and set up business in a chamber in Smith's Block, No. 17 Central street. The following year he moved to the ground floor, occupying the front for a stationery and book store on a small scale, and the rear for his bindery. He was the first to introduce here metallic pens, which were then coming into use and dis- puting the field with the old goose quill. He W3ls also first to sell newspapers at his counter, and at one time was disposing of two or three hundred copies of the Boston Daily Mail. The original wooden block on Ken- duskeag Bridge, on the site of that the firm is now in, was burnt in 1836; and when it was rebuilt, two or three years after, Mr. Bugbee moved into his present location in which his stock was a little watered by the great flood of 1846. In October, 1849, the entire block was de- stroyed by an incendiary fire, Mr. Bugbee losing every- thing in the store and bindery, amounting to $14,000, with only $4,000 insurance. Before the roof fell in he had secured a store in Phillips & Witherly's block on Ex- change street, and in five days was restocked. The block was soon rebuilt and he moved back into it. In i8i;4 Mr. E. F. Dillingham, for seven years a clerk in the store, became a partner, forming the present firm. In 1870 they were again driven out by fire, which so far jiestroyed the block that it was remodeled and much improved, the firm in the meantime and until re-occupy- ing, sojourning at No. 20 Main street. The stability and success of this establishment are due to those virtues of steadfastness, diligence and prudence, which have of late years been growing rare, and with what disastrous results are too apparant. The senior member commenced with notiiing but his trade and his pluck — has followed it without change, excepting enlargements from time to time, for forty-five years; always holding his business well in hand, and never being afflicted with ambition for a spread. Whether these qualities are worth anything, we leave the success of the establishment to speak for itself The junior member has also been the "left bower" of the establishment. Bangor can boast of having some first-class hotels. The Exchange, as kept by Smith & Thayer, is one of the best. This house, or a part of it, was built by Zadoc French in 1827. When completed it then seemed so large that it was called "French's Folly," for it was then thought to be by far too large for a town like Bangor. Since then it has been greatly enlarged from time to time, and is now often crowded to its utmost capacity. The house is owned by the estate of Abraham Woodard. Mr. Woodard kept the house for over tliirty-five years. After his death, in 1S76, Mr. Smith managed it for the estate for three years, when it was leased to the present propri- etors. Mr. Smith is a native of the State. His father, William Smith, was formerly of Exeter, and also lived in Waterville. He was a farmer, and spent his early life on the farm. He received such an education as the com- mon schools afforded, and early began life as a clerk in a hotel at Orono. From Orono he went to Augusta and engaged as clerk in the Stanley House, where he re- mained till 1864, in which year he became connected with the Exchange as clerk for Mr. Woodard, remaining until the death of the latter in 1876. The management of the house was then placed in his hands until it was leased by himself and Mr. Thayer, in 1879. ^^- Smith married Miss Melvina Seidlinger, of Waldoboro. Their family consists of one son and one daughter. Whitman M. Thayer is also a practical hotel man, having been for many years connected with the best hotels m other portions of the State. He was born in Sidney, Maine. His father's name was Barnabas Thayer. In early manhood he followed the carpenter trade for a time, and at one time was a butcher. He commenced his hotel life in the Franklin House, in Augusta, with a Mr. Longfellow. He finally sold out to Mr. Long- fellow and leased the Kennebec House, which he kept four and one-half years, when it was burned. Mr. Thayer then went into the saloon business in Augusta, in which he continued about two years. In 1864 he bought the Mansion House, and kept it until 1877, when it was burned. He became connected with Mr. Smith and the Exchange in 1879. Mr. Thayer married Miss Sarah J. Reynolds, daughter of Milton Reynolds, of Sidney. They have one son and one daughter, both at home. The firm of Dole & Fogg, as at present called, pro- prietors of the Bangor Planing and Moulding Mill, has 8oo HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. been established about fifteen years under the present name, though Mr. John Dole had been for many years previous carrying on the business. John Dole was a native of Limerick, Maine. He came to Bangor in 1837, and remained here about ten years, then went to New Hampshire and lived eight years, coming back here again in 1855. The mill was built by Albert Dole in 1854. John bought out his brother and continued it until 1866, when Mr. Fogg was taken into the firm. Mr. Dole mar- ried Harriet Cook, of New Hampshire. They have two sons, George E. and William B., both with their father in the mill and office. Mr. Fogg also came here from Limerick about 1843. Since then he has lived here. This firm employs from thirty to forty men. The Wiggin family originally came from New Hamp- shire. Andrew Wiggin, the father of Andrew Wiggin of Bangor, married Susan Dame of Durham, New Hatnp- shire. They had two children, twins, born four months after Mr. Wiggin died. Mr. Wiggin had also by a former wife and three children. The name of Mr. Wiggin's twin sister was Susan. She married Jacob Frost of Gorham, Maine. Andrew Wiggin came to Bangor when a boy, in 1827. After learning his trade of carpenter and builder he began business for himself. In 1836 Mr. Wiggin married Elizabeth A. Dean, daughter of Col- onel B. S. Dean, of Bangor. They have seven children now living, having lost one in infancy. Their names are Rudolph R. of Bangor; Sullivan B. of Ellsworth; Clara, now Mrs. Brooks of Portland, Maine; Susan D.; Andrew Jr., now with his father in business; Hannah E., now Mrs. Jewell of Portland, Maine; and Nettie C, now at home. Mr. Wiggin carries on quite a large business, employing from five to twenty men according to the season. The largest factory for the manufacture and re-cutting of files in the State is that of Job Collett, on Exchange street, foot of York. Mr. Collett was born in Milk- sham, Wiltshire, England. His father, Thomas Collett, came to the United States when Job was a child. Thomas Collett and Jane- (Marks) Collett had nine children of whom Job was the youngest. His fathe^r carried on the file business in Lowell, Massachusetts, and Job was early instructed in all the details of the business. His father came to Bangor to dispose of some files and was so well pleased with the opening for business here that he sent his son James here to open a shop. The shop was opened in 1844, and run by James until he was taken sick in the spring of 1845, when his father came to assist him. They then opened a hardware store in connection with their shop. James died the next year, 1846, and soon after Mr. Collett went to Connecticut, -leaving Job to conduct the business here. Soon after this Mr. Woodbury was admitted to a partnership in both the hardware and file business. In 1852 Mr. Col- lett bought out Mr. Woodbury, and has since continued the file-making business alone, Mr. Woodbury continu- ing the hardware business. When this business was opened here it was thought that first-class goods in this line could be purchased only in England, but Mr. Collett has proved to the people using files that this was a mis- take. His business has been constantly on the increase. He at first only re-cut files, but in 1856 he began to make the "slim taper" saw file, a new pattern introduced by him. It is one of the most popular styles in the country. He now makes every description of file from the minutest, weighing only two ounces to the dozen, up to seventy-two pounds to the dozen. He now employs from eighteen to twenty hands, and makes about six thousand dozen files per year, which sell for $18,000. Through all the vicissitudes of business Mr. Collett has always been enabled to do a safe business and pay one hundred cents on the dollar. Mr. Collett looks after and superintends his own business instead of trusting it to others. He married for his first wife Miss Julia M. Leathers, daughter of Isaac Leathers. She died in 1852, and Mr. Collett married Miss Elizabeth A.Sawyer, of New- burg, for his second wife. He had one daughter by his first wife, Jennie M., deceased, and three children by his present wife, viz: Charles T., Carrie M., and Henry E. Henry A. and Charles C. Wood were practical tin- plate and sheet-iron workers, and commenced the manu- facture of tin and iron ware and selling stoves in Provi- dence, Rhode Island, in 1835. They moved to Bangor in 1839, starting their busmess at No. 2 Mercantile Block, under the style of Henry A. Wood & Co., the firm continuing till 185 1, when William H. Bishop, the foreman of their work-shop, became associated with them under the name of Wood, Bishop & Co. C. C. Wood retired from the firm in 1854 on account of ill health, and went West. V. S. Palmer then became a partner, but retired in 1855, when the firm name became Wood & Bishop, continuing such till 1864, when John F, Colby, their book-keeper and salesman, was admitted partner, and the firm again became Wood, Bishop & Co., which has continued unchanged since that time. Edwin Bishop, of Dover, Maine, became a partner in 1865, and retired in 1869, when Charles H., son of Henry A. Wood, was admitted. The firm now consists of Henry A. Wood, William H. Bishop, John F. Colby, and Charles H. Wood. The firm occupied the stores at the head of Mercantile Block until 1872, when they bought at public auction the store now occupied by them. In 1867 they bought of Messrs. Eastes & Whittier their foundry property, including patterns, tools and ma- chinery, which they have much improved and enlarged, increasing its production three-fold over its former busi- ness. They employ about sixty men at the foundry and in the manufacture of tin and sheet iron ware. Their trade extends all over our State, and they sell largely in New Hampshire and Vermont. Camp cooking apparatus has long been a specialty, and there are few lumbermen in our whole country that cannot testify to the excellence of their wares and their adaptation to the purpose de- signed. They have orders for these goods from all the States where lumber is cut.' Their stove trade has stead- ily increased from 1839 — their foundry being exclusively devoted to this manufacture and wares appertaining to it — and they find it impossible to supply their orders. Their stoves have heretofore been designed for burning wood, but as this is becoming exhausted and coal is tak- ing its place, they are adapting their manufacture to the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 8oi change, and are producing new and beautiful styles of cooking, office, parlor and other stoves for burning coal. The history of Morse & Co.'s mills goes back into the last century. William Hammond and John Smart built a saw-mill on the site in 1795. [A saw-mill is said to have been built some years before by William Potter at the falls near "Lover's Leap."] This subsequently, and probably, directly passed into the hands of William and Charles Rice and Obed Haynes, the latter probably building the grist-mill, as it was known as " Haynes's Mill." These parties in 181 2 sold a portion of the privilege to John Holt, of Hampden, for a fulling and carding mill, from whom to Morse & Co., it came suc- cessively through Allen Clark, Mr. Hodgman, and E. O. Pendleton. John Pearson became the proprietor, except- ing the fulling and carding mills, in 1814, when they were known as "Pearson's Mills." In 1832 Captain Jacob Drummond came to this city, buying in and con- tinuing in partnership with Pearson till 185 1, when he bought out Pearson, the mills then becoming known as " Drummond's Mills." Deacon Alexander Drummond carried on the grist and plaster mills for many years for the proprietors, and Jacob, before his death, gave him one-fourth of the property. Jacob Drummond was Mayor in 1844, and died in 1852. L. J. Morse and H. P. Oliver carried on the saw-mill under lease from the Drum- mond heirs several years previous to 1858, and from 1858 to 1866, the same, associated with Frank Hight, (Morse & Co.) run the mills in the same manner. In 1856 a steam engine was put into the grist-mill, and in 1858 the old saw-mill was torn down and rebuilt and steam power put in. In i860 Morse & Co. purchased the McQuesten mill, near Lover's Leap, built by John Webster, and in 1864 put in their salt works there. They had carried on this mill several years previous to i860 on lease. In 1866 Morse & Co. took Orin Oliver and Ralph W. Morse into the firm, and bought out the Drummond heirs. E. O. Pendleton also joined the firm at the same time with his carding-mill interest, which he sold to the concern in 1873, since which time he has leased the same. Ralph W. Morse died in 1870, and Walter L., son of L. J. Morse, entered the firm in 1874. Upon buying out the Drummond heirs they tore out the old grist-mill and rebuilt it, putting in a larger engine to run it, and to afford power for various mechanical in- dustries occupying the block, among which are the furni- ture manufactories of G. W. Merrill & Co., Webb & Nason, axe and shave factory, and E. H. Tibbetts, cof- fin-maker. By successive purchases they have acquired the title to all the shore property about their mills, ex- tending to Meadow Brook on the mill side, and much of the opposite shore, affording ample room for present and prospective needs. Their mills are thoroughly fitted up, and have surplus power and accommodations for addi- tional industries. They use steam-power supplementary to their water-power. No logs now come down the Kenduskeag Stream to either of their saw-mills. The upper mill opposite "Lover's Leap," which manufac- tures salt, salt boxes, and shingles, receives its stock of lumber — poplar, bass, and spruce — in the winter season by land transportation; and the lower saw-mills are sup- plied with logs coming down the Penobscot River and rafted up the stream to their mills, where they are taken up over the dam by machinery and stored in the mill- pond. The salt manufactured at their works is of excel- lent quality and is rapidly extending its sale, having the whole market at the north, and finding its way to some of the border Provincial towns, and reaching into the west- ern portion of the State. Of the seventy-five thousand bushels of salt received at this port the past year, they imported about forty thousand. The last year's product of their salt-mill was one hundred and forty thousand boxes of the several sizes, equal to one hundred and fourteen thousand boxes of twenty pounds each; while the plaster- mill annually produces from two thousand to three thou- sand tons. During the summer season they employ from sixty to seventy men, and probably half this number in the winter when their saw-mills are shut down. This firm also has an interest in the Bangor Foundry & Ma- chine Company, and a half interest in the firm of A. H. Thaxter & Company, Exchange street, the heaviest house in the city in corn, and dealers also in flour and shorts. The trade in this city and vicinity is largely supplied with meal ground at their mill. For enterprise this firm is second to none, as is apparent in the enlargement of their business as indicated above, the senior members having grown up in the establishment and being identi- fied with it by hard labor and sagacious management. B. N. Thorns, one of the oldest carriage manufacturers in Maine, was born January 5, 1816, in Falmouth, Maine, though his parents soon moved to Portland. He is a son of Benjamin and Sarah Thorns (nee Sarah Lunt). They had ten children, all of whom except one lived to maturity. Benjamin N. is the fourth child and third son of this family. At the age of seventeen he commenced to learn his trade with Moses & Freeman, of Pordand, where he worked two years, when he entered the factory of Stevens & Emerson, who manufactured carriages ex- clusively, with whom he remained about two years, when he went to Augusta, Maine, and entered the employ of E. G. & J. P. Wyman. He remained in Augusta seven years, during the first of which he worked for the Wy- mans, but in 1839 he bought out E. G. Wyman and be- came a partner in the firm under the name of Wyman & Thoms. He came to Bangor in 1845, ^nd engaged in carriage blacksmithing, in which he continued about seven years. In 1852 he opened a carriage manufactory in connection, so that since then he has been engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of carriages. He married Lydia P. Wharff, daughter of Isaac B. Wharff, of Guil- ford, Maine. To this couple have been born eight chil- dren, only three of whom are living. The names of the living are Helen A., now Mrs. Whitman, of Bangor; Charles F., who also lives here and works with his father and brother in the factory ; and Henry B., who is in com- pany with his father in the business. Their factory is lo- cated on Harlon street, Bangor, where they employ from ten to fifteen men. Mr. Thoms has been one of the Council from his ward, and is well and favorably known as a fine business man. 802 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The firm of Dole Brothers, of Bangor, consisting of the two brothers, M. B. and J. Albert, was formed in 1865. Their father, Albert Dole, was a native of Limer- ick, Maine; he moved to Bangor in 1832. He had four sons and three daughters, viz : Albert Henry, Sarah F., and Mary Elizabeth (all of whom are now deceased); William B., of this town; J. Albert, also of Bangor; Olive M., now Mrs. Horatio Blood, of this city, and John Henry, also in the city. J: Albert Dole married Miss Emma H. Drummond. They have one daughter, Miriam. Wil- liam B. Dole married Mary Wyman Leighton, of Port- land, Maine. They have one son, Arthur W. The Dole Brothers have large furniture warerooras on Hammond street. They manufacture much of their furniture, em- ploying about eighteen men the most of the year. They manufacture the Dirigo School Desk and Folding Seat, which they invented and patented. This is one of the oldest enterprises of the city. It was founded by Ed- mund Dole in 1810, and is now in the hands of the third generation. It is one of the most complete establish- ments in the State. J. Albert was first lieutenant in the First Maine Heavy Artillery during the civil war. Jonathan F. Parkhurst is the son of Hale Parkhurst, of Unity, Waldo county, Maine. Hale Parkhurst had seven children, three by his' first wife and four by his second, Jonathan being the oldest son of the family. He was born February 27, 1829, in Unity, Waldo county. On becoming of age he went to California and remained two years. He then came back and bought cattle in Mis- souri and Arkansas and drove them to California, contin- uing at this business two years. He then came home and went into trade in Unity Village, Maine, also having stores in China and Freedom. He came to Bangor in 1866 and started the saddlery business, continuing one year, and then opened in connection with this the trunk business, in which he is still engaged. He has the largest trunk factory in Maine. His place of business is No. 20 Central street, where he has a large and well- filled store. He married Mary Fowler, of Unity. Mrs. Parkhurst died, and Mr. Parkhurst married for his second wife Susan A. Haskell, of Knox, Maine. He has three children, two girls and one boy, viz: Mary L., Fred H., and Esther B. One of the prominent photographers in Bangor is Mr. F. C. Weston, who came to this city in 1868 and en- gaged in business. His father, Wesley C. Weston, was a native of East Corinth and had two children, F. C. and Sanford. Mr. Weston has a fine suite of rooms in the busi- ness part of the city, located at No. 2 Smith Block. ' He married Miss Nellie E. Simpson, of Hudson, New Hamp- shire. They have no children. Mr. Weston is well supplied with all the requisites for first-class work. William I. Currier, the senior member of the firm of Currier & Hook, has lived in Bangor over forty years and is well known. He has been in the business of sail- making for many years. In 1864 Mr. George Hook came in as a partner. They deal also in flags, cordage, and sail-makers' stock. They employ from six to ten hands on an average. They do quite a business in sell- ing material, as well as in the manufactured article. Mr. M. Gilligan came to this country when about twelve years of age. His father, Peter Gilligan, of Ire- land, had three children, Michael, William, and Laugh- lin. Michael learned the tailor's trade and in 1834 be- gan business for himself in Bangor. He continued this business until 1862 when he sold out and went into the army as a sutler with the First Maine Heavy Artillery, and continued till the close of the war. At the close of the war he came back to Bangor, where he had always had a house and property, and engaged in commercial business, continuing wholly in this until 1876, when he opened his select family boarding-house on Hammond street, which he still manages. In connection with this he is in the employ of the Sanford Steamship Company. He married for his first wife Mary J. Lord, a daughter of William Lord, of Portland, Maine. He had five chil- dren by her, all of whom are deceased. Mrs. Gilligan died in 1864. Mrs. Gilligan married for his second wife Georgiana Washburn, of Saco. Pierre McConville was born in Carlisle, England. His father, James McConville, had six children, of whom Pierre is the eldest. Mr. McCoiiville came to this country in 1869, locating in Philadelphia where he re- mained until 1853, when he came to Bangor, and on his becoming of age engaged in his jiresent business of shipping and commission merchant and ship broker. His office is at 28 Exchange street, Bangor. He mar- ried for his first wife Mary A. Halliburton, of Hampden, who died in 1866. Mr. McConville married for his second wife (^lara E. Dudley, daughter of John Dudley, Esq., of Hampden. He has one child by his first wife, and one by his second, viz: Lillie H. and Bessie D., now at home. Mr. McConville has served as Justice of the Peace and Notary Public. He was the first Presi- dent and one of the originators of the Youtig Men's Christian Association of this city, which was organized last January. D. M. Clark is the son of Edwin Clark, who was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Edwin Clark married Mary McRuer, daughter of Dr. Daniel McRuer, of Bangor. They had three children, two sons and one daughter-— Ardelia B., deceased, wife of Colonel A. B. Farnham, of Bangor; Daniel M., and Donald C, of this city. Daniel M. was born August 10, 185 1, in Bangor, where he has always since lived. He is now and has been for four years engaged in the livery business, his stable being located on French street. He has a large stable and Iseeps sixteen horses with first-class carriages. John A. Kelley first came to Bangor in 1846 from Boston. Mr. Kelley's father, Patrick Kelley, never came to this country. He had six children, of whom John is the youngest. John was born in 1827 and came to this country in 1845, locating first in Boston as a journey- man tailor. Here he lived till 1846, when he came to Bangor. Since then he has lived twelve years in Old- town. His present place of business is at 73 Exchange street, where he has a good store and employs several ► men andiabout twenty-five women. One of the fine places of business in Bangor is the wholesale and retail establishment of W. S. Nickerson. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 803 Mr. Nickerson was born November 30, 1847. His father, Elijah N. Nickerson, had five children, two sons and three daughters — Sarah L., now deceased; Annie, now Mrs. A. W. Pitman, of Bangor; W. S.; I. L., now of Denver, Colorado, and Lydia F., in Boston. Mr. Nick- erson has always lived in Bangor, commencing as clerk in the store he now occupies, with Blood & Rowe, in 1865. The firm finally dissolved and Mr. Rowe con- tinued the business until 1879, when Mr. Nickerson purchased his interest, in which business he has since continued. His store is located at 1 2 1 Exchange street. Mr. Nickerson married Miss Addie F. Milliken, daughter of Joseph Milliken, of Bangor. Mrs. Nickerson died in December, 1880. Mr. Nickerson has two daughters — Nellie M. and Josie M. The senior member of the firm of Charles York & Co., meat, fish, and grocery dealers, Mr. Perley G. York, was born in Standish, Maine. He married Eliza- beth A. Mitchell, of Monroe, Maine. They have three children, two sons and one daughter — Charles, of Ban- gor; Ida M., now Mrs. James Milliken, of Bangor; Albert H., who Uves with his father. Charles York, who has the entire charge of the business in Bangor, married Miss Annie B. Treat, daughter of Robert and Amanda Treat, of Hudson, Maine. They have no children. Mr. York came to Bangor in 1861, and engaged in farming, which he followed three years. He then went into a hotel, the Broadway House, in which he continued until 1.868, when he went into the meat and provision busi- ness, in which he has since continued, having associated with him his son Charles. Their place of business is at Nos. 9 and 1 1 Granite Block, East Market Square, where they have one of the largest and best stocked places of this kind in the city, and are doing a large business in their line. They have recently enlarged their business by adding a large cold air blast refrigerator, the largest this side of Boston used in the retail business. The branch of the Lincoln family of which Matthew Lincoln is a descendant, sprang from Stephen Lincoln, who came to this country in 1638. Matthew Lincoln's grandfather, Matthew Lincoln, was a native of Hingham, Massachusetts. His father, Isaiah Lincoln, was born in Sidney, Maine, and removed to Corinna in 1815, where he died in 1872. Matthew Lincoln was born November 18, 1821, in Corinna, where he lived until 1854, engaged in milling and merchandising. He came to Bangor in 1854 and engaged in the lumber business, in which he has since continued. He married Elizabeth Hanson, of Palmyra, Maine, They have one son now living, having lost one. Mr. Lincoln is largely interested in real estate in the city of Bangor. He has in his possession an heir- loom of the family, a Bible, printed in 1599, printed twenty-one years before the King James revision. The firm of Lowell & Tibbetts, house carpenters and builders, was formed in 1876. G. F. Lowell was born in North Buckspoit, Maine, December 6, 1833. He set- tled in Bangor in 1861, where he has since lived. He married Susan M. Stubbs, of North Bucksport. They have three children, viz: Ida N., Gracie G., and Lena N. Mr. A. F. Tibbetts was born in New Sharon, Maine, March 25, 1829, and settled in Bangor in 1853. He married Sarah Tracy, daughter of Samuel Tracy, of West Gouldsbcro. They have seven children — five daughters and two sons. This firm employs about twenty-five men, and do a larger business than any other firm in the city. The firm of E. H. & H. RoUins do a general planing business, and manufacture moldings and gutters at their mill in Brewer. The senior member of the firm, Edmund H. Rollins, is now deceased, but Henry continues the business under the old firm name. They came originally from New Hampshire in 1849, ^"d first engaged in trade in which they continued for fifteen years. In 1862 they built the mill on the Kenduskeag, which they ran until 1870. In 1869 they built their mill in Brewer, where we now find H. Rollins & Son. They employ about twenty- five men, and do all kinds of work in their line. It is a well arranged mill, and one of the prominent establish- ments in Brewer. Archibald L. Boyd, of the firm of A. L. Boyd & Son, was born in Bristol, Maine, August 30, 1827. His father, James Boyd, was a farmer. He married Sarah Chamberlam, by whom he had six children — four sons and two daughters, viz: Elizabeth, deceased; John, de- ceased ; Carohne, deceased wife of Captain Henry Treat, of Bangor; James H., now in Kingman, Maine; Archi- bald L.; and Rodney, who follows the sea. Mr. Boyd died in 1857. His wife died in 187T. Archibald L. Boyd was raised on the farm, and on becoming of age, or rather at the age of twenty, went into the tin plate trade in Bangor, and worked with Henry Call and Leigh- ton Brothers. Afterwards he worked at the trade in Ma- chias and Boston. In 1851 he came back to Bangor and engaged in the fruit and confectionery business with his brother Rodney. Their first place of business was in the old market building. There they remained until 1854, when they moved to No. 6 Hammond street. In 1875 they moved to their present place, at No. 11 West Market Square. They keep a large and well se- lected stock in their line. In 1876 Mr. Rodney Boyd went out, and Mr. A. Boyd took in his son as partner. Mr. A. Boyd married Martha J. Eustis, daughter of Captain Joseph Eustis, of Bangor. Their family consists of five sons — Joseph F., in company with his father, James H., Archibald W., George E., in Boston, and Ed- ward F. Mr. C. G. Sterns, of Bangor, the well-known lumber dealer, is a son of Samuel and Emma (Johnson) Sterns, of Brookline, Massachusetts. He went to Brewer in 1809 and built mills there. For many years he carried on a large business there at tanning and currying, boot and shoemaking, ship-building, lumbering, and general merchandising. He had ten children, of whom five are living, viz: Clara R., now Mrs. B. Goodwin; Eliza A., widow of the late Benjamin F. Fowls, of Brewer; Han- nah, wife of WilHs Patten, of Brewer; Mary M., wife of O. H. Herriman, of Brewer; and Charles G., the latter of whom was born April 13, 1812. He learned the tan- ner's trade and sawed lumber in his father's mill in Brewer. In 1 840 he went into company with his father, who died in 1841, and he carried on the business alone 8o4 MiSTOliY 01? PE^fOBS(jClT COUI^TY, MAliCfi. until 1848, when Deacon Daniel Sargent, second, be- r;ame partner with him under the firm name of C. G. Sterns & Co., which afterwards became Sargent & Sterns. In 1864 they dissolved, Mr. Sargent taking the Brewer Village mill and Mr. Sterns the Eoberts steam saw-mill at East Hampden, which the firm had purchased in 1863. About this time Mr. Sterns established his office in this city, and in 1865 moved here. In 1866 the present firm of C. G. Sterns & Co. was formed, consisting of Mr. Sterns, his two sons Samuel and Ezra L., and Mr. E. Wheelden, all practical lumber men. Their mills are lo- cated at Turtle Head, about three miles below Bangor, where Mr. Thomas Egery built a steam mill in 1836. This was purchased by Mr. Roberts and Hinckley & Egery in 1854, who improved it and erected by its side another and larger mill. The present firm have im- proved both, increasing their capacity and expending on them $30,000. Seventy-five men are employed about these mills. They produce from twelve to fifteen million feet of long lumber, seven million lath, six hundred thou- sand staves, besides clapboards, etc. Their principal market is in New York and Philadelphia. The firm lumber largely, cutting about two-thirds of their logs. Mr. Sterns married Margaret L. Lunt, daughter of Dea- con Ezra Lunt, of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Two of his sons, Ezra L. and Samuel, are in business with him. Among the first settlers of Penobscot county was Jon- athan Pickard, from Rowley, Massachusetts, of English descent. His wife was Mary Killburn. He first pur- chased land on the banks of the Penobscot River, what is now known as Hampden lower corner. Entering into the lumber business, he purchased land heavily timbered in that section of the town now known as West Hamp- den, and there made his home. This homestead was re- tained in the Pickard family until 1878. After some years in the above business he engaged in farming. His family consisted of six sons and one daughter. Jonathan, the eldest son, settled in Newburg and followed the oc- cupation of farming; Ephraim, in Hampden, also a farm- er; Joseph, settled in Freedom as a merchant; Thomas and Joshua, in Belfast, also merchants. Thomas was for many years owner and proprietor of the Commercial House. Mary, the daughter, married Thomas Taylor and settled in Hermon. Daniel remained on the home- stead, his father and mother residing with him, both Uv- ing to a good old age. He was one of the founders of the Baptist church at West Hampden, and for many years, and at the time of his death, was a deacon in the same, and one of its most generous and earnest support- ers. He married Anne Whitney. They had seven chil- dren, only one of whom is now living— Edmund, the youngest, who resides in West Hampden. The home- stead passed into the hands of the second son, Amos Pickard, who made it his home until 1866. He married Sarah J. Carter. During his residence in Hampden he held the various town offices of trust and responsibility. He was a member of the Maine House of Representa- tives in 1848 and i860; a member of the Maine Senate in 1849 and in 1850. He also occupied the responsible place of Clerk of the Committee on Finance and Appro- priations of the United States Senate from 1861 to 1872, inclusive. In 1867 Mr. Pickard moved to Bangor, mak- ing that city his home, where he was held an honored and valued citizen. He was elected Representative from that city to the Maine Legislature in 1879. He died April 6, 1880, leaving two children, a son and a daughter. Professor Daniel Smith Talcott, D. D., of the Bangor Theological Seminary, was born March 7, 1813, in New- buryport, Massachusetts. His father, Daniel Smith, was a native of Hartford, Connecticut. (The name Smith being so common, the Professor, by act of Legislature in 1863, took the name Daniel Smith Talcott, Talcott being an old family name.) Daniel Smith was a drug- gist by trade and spent his business life in Newburyport. He married Abigail Jewett. Their family consisted of four children, who grew up. Their names were Daniel ; Abbie, married Rev. D. A. Wasson, of West Medford ; Elizabeth, married Henry H. Hall, of Santa Barbara, California ; and Caroline, deceased wife of William A. Kimball, of Lawrence, Massachusetts. Mr. Smith died in 1877 aged ninety years. Mrs. Smith died in 1866. Daniel T., the subject of this sketch, received his collegi- ate education at Amherst College, from which he graduated in 183 1, and Andover Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1834. From 1833 to 1836 he was instructor in Hebrew at Andover, and pastor at Sher- burne, Massachusetts, from 1836 to 1838. He became Professor of Sacred Literature in Bangor Theological Seminary in 1839. On account of failing health he was obliged to resign his chair m 1881. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1853 from Colby University, and subsequently from Bowdoin College. He was married in 1840 to Sophia Hammond Brown, daugh- ter of Deacon George W. and Sophia Hammond Brown. Mrs. Talcott died in 1866. Their family consists of three children — Frances Sophia, Elizabeth Smith, and Rowland Mather, all unmarried. Isaac Arthur Hatch was born in Horton, Nova Scotia, August 23, 181 9, and removed to Bangor, Maine, when about six years of age, his father's family being among the first settlers and most prominent families in Bangor. His mother was from an English family and a lady of great refinement. Young Hatch was educated in the public and private schools of Bangor, and with the ex- ception of a year in a counting-house in Boston, re- sided in Bangor until the year i860. From seventeen until twenty years of age he was clerk in one of the principal dry goods stores in the city. At twenty he be- came a member of the firm of Reed & Hatch, afterwards Hatch, Thompson & Co., and then I. A. Hatch & Co., for nearly twenty years doing a large and successful busi- ness. In this place he was Vice-President of the Young Men's Bible Society 1843-48, and President in 1849-51; was Scribe of the Hammond Street Congregational church 1847-48; and Secretary of the Sabbath-school of that church in 1850. In i860 he removed to Boston and was associated with the large dry goods house of Palmer, Waterman & Hatch. After a successful busi- ness, and at the expiration of the company partnership HtStORY Of PfeNOSSCOT COtJI^fY, MAINfi. So^ in 1868, he retired from the retail trade, and invested in the manufacture of hosiery and fancy woolen goods, and is at the present time largely interested in the production of these goods, and in the woolen commission business in Boston, under the firm name of I. A. Hatch & Co. In 1844 Mr. Hatch was married to Miss Elizabeth Par- sons Chandler, of Newburyport, Massachusetts, a lady of great culture and refinement. She died in Novem- ber, 1857, leaving two daughters, Laura Elizabeth, now the wife of S. F. Wilkins, Esq., of Boston, and the au- thoress of two popular Sabbath-school books. The sec- ond daughter, Ida Annette, a very promising and beau- tiful girl, died suddenly in March, 1875, aged nineteen years. In i860 Mr. Hatch married Miss Harriet S. Jenkins, daughter of the Hon. John Jenkins, of Fal- mouth, Massachusetts. Mr. Hatch's residence is now at Newton,' Massachusetts. He was an active member of the Hammond Street church, Bangor, from 1846. In 1853 he transferred his relation to the Central church, Bangor, and for several years was Superintendent of the Sabbath-school. In Boston he was member of the Shawmut Congregational church. In 1867, when he ex- changed his residence to Newton, Massachusetts, he united with the Elliott Congregational church. Reuben S. Prescott, of Bangor, was born November 8, 1805, in Northwood, New Hampshire. His father was Josiah Prescott, a farmer, a descendant of James Prescott, who came from England and settled at what is now Hampton Falls, New Hampshire. He was of the great family of Prescott to which William H. Prescott, the his- torian, belonged. At the age of thirteen he became an as- sistant and clerk in a store, where he continued until he came to Maine in 1826. In 1827 he established himself in Exeter, in this county, where he remained until 1833, when he removed to Bangor, where he has since resided. While in Exeter he was elected Town Clerk, and repre- sented the class one year in the Legislature. The year after his removal to Bangor the town was converted into a city, with that important appendage, a municipal court. Of this court he was appointed Recorder, an office to which he was well adapted, although not a lawyer. He was in the office five years and performed its duties very satisfactorily. Mr. Prescott's business has been that of an auctioneer and commission merchant. In it he has been successful. In all his business he inspired such general confidence that has been placed in many positions of trust, where integrity, business capacity, and sound judgment were required. He was for about twelve years an assessor of taxes in Bangor; was Assistant Land Agent of the State; was Public Administrator of the county; and was Commissioner on the State Valua- tion in i860 and 1870. He has been more frequently selected as an appraiser of large estates than any other person in the county, as the probate records of the last quarter of a century indicate; and his services have been in demand not only in his own county but elsewhere in the State and out of the State — in Portland, Augusta, Rockland, Saco, Concord, New Hampshire, and many other places — to appraise furniture in hotels, on a change of landlords br proprietors, and other property. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace and Quorum more than fifty years, and was President of the Bangor Board of Trade from January, 1873, to January, 1881, when his resignation in the previous October was accepted. From the fact that Mr. Prescott was earning his livelihood at so early an age as thirteen, with strangers, his school advan- tages must have been limited, yet he found time to qualify himself for a successful business career. Always inter- ested for the prosperity of his neighbors and the com- munity, he has favored all movements tending thereto. Disliking litigation he has frequently used his good of- fices to prevent it, and thereby has been the means of saving useless expenditures, and perpetuating friendships. He has applied himself, always successfully, to accom- plish what he has undertaken, and is a fine specimen of a self-made, self-reliant American citizen. Elnathan Freeman Duren (popularly known as " Dea- con Duren "), son of Elnathan Duren, of French descent, and Elizabeth Freeman, of English origin, was born in Boston, January 14, 1814. He resided in Boston and Billerica, Massachusetts, six years; in Cornish, New Hampshire, four years; at Portland, Maine, from 1824, with his grandfather, Hon. Samuel Freeman, and, after graduating at the high school, entered as clerk in the book-store of William Hyde, going with him to Boston, 1831-33. August, 1834, he established himself as a book-seller and publisher in Bangor, which has been his residence to the present time, except in 1846-48, when he was connected with the publishing house of Hyde, Lord & Duren, in Portland. He has been called to various positions of trust and labor in religious, benevo- lent, and other associations — -among them the office of Scribe and Deacon of the Hammond Street Church, Ban- gor from 1840; Secretary, 1836-49, and 1852-59; and Superintendent, 1842-45, and 1863-71, of the Sabbath School ; Secretary and Chairman of the Committee of Publication of the General Conference of Maine, from 1855; Secretary of the Penobscot Musical Association, from its organization in 1848 to this time; and Secretary of the Bangor Historical Society, from its organization in 1864, etc. He was married in 1836, May 30, to Mary Clark Hyde, daughter of William Hyde, of Port- land. Their children are Freeman Hyde, William Grif- fin, and Charles M. Duren, George M. Fletcher, the well-known marble dealer, of the firm of Fletcher & Butterfield, of Bangor, was born in Wilton, Maine, May 17,1841. He is a son of David and Sarah (Stickney) Fletcher. David Fletcher was a native of Wilton. He had six children — Lizzie A., widow of the late Gilbert L. Heald, of Wilton; Lucy C, married John D. Hardy, of Wilton; George M.; Abbie J., wife of Morrill N. Young, of Nashua, New Hamp- shire; Mary C. married Dr. A. D. Adams, of Wilton, and Walter B. Mr. Fletcher died May 26, 1876. Mrs. Fletcher is living. George M. Fletcher attended school winters, and finally attended an academy for a time. He taught school for several winters. In 1863 he enlisted and remained in the army until the close of the war. In 1866 he returned to Wilton and traveled for a season for Hiram Holt & Co., scythe manufacturers. In 1867 he 8o6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINfi. came to Bangor and engaged with M. S. P. Bradbury, marble dealer, as traveling salesman. He remained with Mr. Bradbury for nine years and in 1876 he bought the establishment and took in as a partner Mr. Benjamin F. Butterfield. They have since continued the business under the title of Fletcher & Butterfield. This firm have a branch shop at Dover in this State. They usually employ twelve men and do all kinds of work in their line at their large shop on East Market Square. Mr. Fletchfer married Miss Ella A. Butterfield, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Butterfield. They have five children — Alice M., Fannie M., Gilbert F., Flora B., and George W. A. W. Dudley, the well-known dairyman and farmer of Bangor, was born in Chesterville, Franklin county, Maine, January 4, 1830. His father, Joseph Dudley, married Ruth Davis, of Readfield. They had five chil- dren — Mary Jane, wife of L. B. Greene, of Auburn; Susanna, deceased; Juliette, deceased; Albion W. and Octavia, deceased. Mr. Dudley was a farmer all his life. He moved into Bangor in 1835 and settled in the neigh- borhood called Sherburn District. Here he lived until his death in 1875. Albion W. Dudley was raised on the farm. He received but a common school education, and left the schools at eighteen, working on the river in the saw-mills and rafting lumber. In 1850 he went to Minnesota and spent two years and more. On returning to Maine he found his father in poor health and felt it his duty to remain with him. For the last eleven years he has been engaged more exclusively in farming and dairy business. He owns one of the finest farms in the town, known as the old Sherburn farm, to which he has added one hundred acres. Mr. Dudley keeps a large dairy, usually wintering over thirty cows besides other stock. Mr. Dudley married Miss Lizzie A. Jordan, of St. Albans, Maine. She died in 1865, leaving four chil- dren — Harris C, in Burlington, Vermont; Ella F., Elmer L., and Lizzie A. Mr. Dudley married for his second wife Jane McClure, of Milo, Maine. He was for three years Street Commissioner of Bangor. Samuel Hale is a son of Samuel Hale, a native of Bradford, Massachusetts. He was for a number of years a stage contractor in Portland, Maine, where he was widely known. He married Mary White, a native of Maine. They had eight children. Mr. Hale had six children by a former wife. The names of his children by his second wife were Samuel; Edwin, now in Brooks, Maine, and who is blind; Elizabeth, deceased; Julia, now Mrs. Lowell, of Bangor ; Harriet and Joseph, de- ceased; Charles, in Augusta; and Ann Maria, wife of Henry G. H. Niebuhr, of Princeton University. Mr. Hale died July 10, 1840. Mrs. Hale died March 12, 187 1. Samuel Hale was born February 9, 1806, in Wis- casset, Maine. After becoming of age he first engaged with Mr. Nat. Mitchell in a grocery and hardware store in Portland when fifteen. He was with Mr. Mitchell five years and then went into the hardware business for himself, having as partner T. B. Brooks. This firm con- tinued three years when they dissolved, and Mr. Hale went into the post-office in Portland as assistant clerk, where he remained about four years, and, his health fail- ing, he went to the West Indies and remained one year and a half. His health being improved, on his return he came to Bangor and engaged in the dry goods and grocery business, in 1832 or 1833. About this time he married Persis R. Carpenter, who came from Barry, Ver- mont. Mr. Hale continued in business until 1837, the year of the great financial crash, in which he was broken up. He then went to Buffalo, New York, and engaged in trade for two years. He then went into the hog busi- ness; his hogs dying with the cholera, he soon left that and returned in 1840 to Maine. He then engaged as clerk in Portland, and afterwards engaged in trade again, and again failed. He then took a mill in Waterford and run it six years. From here he went onto a farm in Waterford and remained six years. He then lived in Norway village two years, and in 1861 moved to Bangofj where he has since lived. He was with Horton in the music business one and a half years, and then with his brother in the jewelry, sewing machine, and music busi- ness. In 187 1 he moved to his present farm, about five miles from the city. He was obliged to do this on ac- count of the loss of sight of one eye. Mr. and Mrs. Hale have had two children — Helen, who married E. Kilgore, and lives in Norway, Maine, and Georgia, de- ceased wife of James L. Page. William H. McCrillis, of Bangor, was born in Wake- field, New Hampshire, November 4, 1813. His parents, John and Abigail (Kimball) McCrillis were natives of New Hampshire. Mr. McCrillis was a physician. His father, David, was of Scotch-Irish descent. The first members of the faniily came to this country about 1730, and settled in the neighborhood of Londonderry, New Hampshire. John and Abigail McCrillis had three children — Louisa, deceased, William H., and Harriet S. The latter married Rufus W. Griswold, of New York, who is deceased. Mrs. Griswold resides now in Bangor with William H. William H. McCrillis, after completing the common school course, went to Phillips Exeter Academy and completed his education, and studied law two years in New Hampshire. He then came to Bangor in December, 1833, and entered the office of Allen & Appleton, and was admitted to the Bar in the fall of 1834. Here he has since lived. He was at one time County Attorney, and was sent to the Legis- lature in 1858, 1859, and i860 from this city. Charles A. Eaton was born in Portland, Maine, and when an infant his parents settled in Bangor, where they now reside. His father, Charles Y. Eaton, was a native of Portland, as was his mother, Mary (Coffin) Eaton. Charles A. Eaton removed to Machias recently, where he is now engaged as agent in charge of the eastern agency of the Singer Manufacturing Company. He is a machinist by trade. He married Eva Witherley, young- est daughter of Thomas J. Witherley. Frederick Loorais Eaton, his only brother, remains at home in Bangor. Francis E. Sparks was born in Orland, Maine, Octo- ber 19, 1849. When five years of age he went with his mother to Brewer, and when about seventeen removed to Bangor, where he is now Superintendent of the Water HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 807 Works. He was married May 30, 1874, to Lura J. Rose, of Bangor, and is the father of two children — Frank Mel- ville, born February 28, 1877, and Fred Eugene, born March 19, 1881. Mrs. Sparks was a daughter of William and Laura (Wilson) Rose, of Bangor. E. C. Smart, proprietor of the Mining Exchange Clothing Store in Bangor, is a native of Portland, Maine. His father, Anthony Smart, was a native of Newmarket, New Hampshire. He was by trade a blacksmith; mar- ried Dorcas Daley, of Portland. They had five children, three of whom lived to maturity — Nancy F., married to Asa Dresser, of Portland ; Mary Elizabeth, Mrs. Hamil- ton, of Portland ; and EmoreC, who was born in Port- land, December 6, 18 19. E. C. clerked in Boston and Portland for several years. In 1842 he came to Bangor and opened a clothing store, which he has continued to the present time. Of late years he has been interested in the mining business so rapidly being developed in this State. Mr. Smart married Miss Abbie C. Bryant, daughter of Joseph Bryrant, of Bangor. They have five children — Joseph F., Mary A., Nellie C, Hattie B., and Lottie J. Mr. Smart's store is at No. 33 Mercan- tile Square. He lives at 67 Harlow street. James Tobm, the well-known clothing dealer of Bangor, is a son of John Tobin, of Ireland. He. had ten children, of whom James is the second. He was born in Ireland, October 9, 1826, and came to this city in 1848 and entered the employ of Boyce & McKinnon. He remained with this firm about four years and then en- tered the store of Patrick Wall, dealer in clothing. He was with Mr. Wall about four years, when, in 1856, he went into business for himself He occupied first a store on the west end of Kenduskeag Bridge. From there he removed to the east end of the bridge and occupied a store in Harlow's block, where he remained twenty years. In 1875 he removed to No. 45 West Market Square, where he is now located. He carries a very large stock and is well known as a reliable man. His store is one of the largest in the city. Mr. Tobin married Miss Mary E. McGonagle, of Bangor. Mr. Tobin has been con- nected with the city government for several years, having been a member of the Board of Aldermen and also of the Council. At one time he was acting Mayor of the city. Charles E. Field, of the firm of Bacon, Robinson & Co., the large coal, wood, and ice dealers, of Bangor, is a son of Ambrose R. and Sarah (Bates) Field, of Bangor. Ambrose Field was a native of Searsport and a son of James Field, who was one of the early settlers of Belfast and a captain in the War of 181 2. Ambrose and Sarah Field had five children — Albert S., of Bangor; Charles E.; John and Lillian, deceased; and Cora B. Mr. and Mrs. Field are still living. Mr. Field is and has been a carpenter and builder. He came to Bangor in 1858 and has since lived here. Charles E. Field was born October 7, 1852. He was for three years a clerk in the office of the Register of Deeds. In 1873 he became a member of the firm of J. H. Robinson & Co., coal and wood dealers, and was in this firm when it consolidated with Bacon & Huckins, and took its present firm name of Bacon, Rob- inson & Co., of which firm he is now a member. Mr. Field was for four years Clerk of the City Council and a member of that body for two years. He married Miss Dora E. Robinson, daughter of Judson H. Robinson, one of the senior members of the firm. They have two children — Albert J. and Ethel. Mr. Henry N. Fairbanks, of Bangor, was born Octo- ber 24, 1838, in Wayne, Kennebec county, Maine. His father was a farmer; his name was George W. Fairbanks, a son of Colonel Nathaniel Fairbanks, a Revolutionary soldier, and a member of Arnold's expedition up the Kennebec. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature for many years. He married Lucy Lovejoy and had five children — Frances, deceased in infancy; Lucilla E., wife of Arthur H. Johnson, of West Water- ville, Maine; George F., now residing in Winthrop, Maine; Henry N.; and Julia M., wife of Major A. R. Small, of West Waterville. Mr. and Mrs. Fairbanks are still living with their son in Winthrop, having recently removed from the old homestead, where they lived about sixty-seven years. Henry N., the second son of this family, spent his early life on the farm, and after receiv- ing a common and academic education taught school one year, then worked one year in the scythe factory at Waterville. April 26, 1861, he enlisted in the Third Maine Volunteers, and served with the regiment about fourteen months. On returning from the army and recovering his health he engaged with John P. Squire & Co., Faneuil Hall Market. While there he was a volun- teer in the Forty-fourth Massachusetts regiment, and aided in suppressing the riot in Boston caused by the draft. In the fall of 1863 he again enlisted in the Thir- tieth Regiment Maine Volunteers; was appointed first sergeant of company E, and was promoted to second lieutenant and remained with the company until it was mustered out, serving in Banks' Red River expedition and Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. He was wounded in the Red River expedition at Cane River. After the war was over he engaged with the Adams Ex- press Company in New York city, as agent and express messenger. He remained with this company about one and a half years, when he engaged with B. Plummer & Sons as solicitor for the Connecticut Mutual Life Insur- ance Co. He was sent to St. Johns, New Brunswick, and remained there about three years. In 1870 he was appointed State agent for the above named company, and located at Newark, New Jersey. Here he remained until January, 1872, at which time he became associated with Francis S. Coffin under the firm name of Coffin & Fairbanks, as general agents for the company referred to for Maine and the Provinces. In 1876 Mr. CoflSn retired from the firm and Mr. Fairbanks has continued the busi- ness. Mr. Fairbanks married Abbie A. Woodworth, of Farmington, Maine, October 14, 1867; she is a daughter of Philip and Esther Woodworth. They have two children living, viz: Hiland L., and Nora L. Mr. Fairbanks is at present to be found at No. 21 Main street. He has been three years a member of the Com- mon Council, and President for the years 1881-82. In 1880 he was elected a Director in the European & North 8o8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. American Railroad under Loan Bill by the City Govern- ment. Frank G. Lunt, of Bangor, is a son of Daniel and Ann (Douglas) Lunt, of Oldtown. Daniel Lunt was a native of Oldtown, Maine. His father, Nathaniel Lunt, was a native of Brunswick, Maine. Daniel and Ann Lunt had six children, viz : Norah A., wife of Frank Wallis, of Alameda, California; Inez H., now Mrs. Henry H. Butler, of New York City ; William, deceased; Frank G.; Florence, deceased, and Annie, deceased. Mr. Lunt is a lumberman, and is now living in this city. Mrs. Lunt is also living. Frank G. Lunt was born September lo, 1853, in Oldtown. After receiving a common school education he entered the store of H. H. Butler, of Bangor, to learn the drug business, where he remained two and a half years, when he went to Charlestown, Massachusetts, and entered the drug store of Samuel Sewall, and remained one and a half years. In 1874 he went to San Francisco, California, and went into the drug business in Oakland. He resided there for about three years, and engaged in other business besides drugs. He married in California, Miss Camilla Babcock, a native of that State. In 1878 he returned to Bangor, and engaged with his father in the lumber business, con- tinuing until 1880. In November, 1880, he formed a partnership with Mr. Charles H. Adams in the fancy grocery business. Their place of business is at No. 86 Hammond street, where they keep a full stock of fancy groceries. Mr. Lunt has one son, George B., by name. F. O. Buzzell, who came to Bangor in 1872, is a son of Henry and Hannah Buzzell, of Dayton, York county, Maine. Henry Buzzell had eight children— four sons and four daughters, viz: Charles W., now of Houlton, Maine; Colby A., deceased; George H., now of Wood- land, Aroostook county, Maine; Frank O.; Sarah E., deceased, wife of Thomas Phillips, of Biddeford, Maine; Julia, wife of Robert Deering, of Saco, Maine; Mary Jane, deceased, wife of Elbridge Goodwin, of Biddeford, Maine; Maria A., deceased, wife of Augustin Harris, of Boston. Henry Buzzell died August 10, 1865, and Mrs. Buzzell, December 22, 1855. Mr. F. O. Buzzell, the fourth son of this family, was born December 20, 1839, in Dayton (formerly Hollis), Maine. He first learned the carpenter trade before he became of age, working summers and attending school winters. He worked at this business about eight years, when he engaged in farm- ing and lumbering in Dayton. He followed this about three years, when he went to Saco and bought a farm, and farmed about three years. In 1868 he went to Biddeford, and formed a partnership with Allen & Phillips under the name of Allen, Buzzell & Phillips and engaged in the manufacture of "The Raw Hide Loom Picker" called the Cocheco Company. In 1871 his health failing he engaged in the grocery business in Biddeford with a Mr. Small, continuing one year, when he sold and came to Bangor in 1872, and bought the steam laundry on No. 31 Central street, where he is still in the laundry business, it being the only steam laundry in the city. Mr. Buzzell married Susan R. Gordon, daughter of Amos Gordon, of Dayton, Maine. They have three children, viz: Emma J., Orin A., Gracie M. C. L, Deakin, who keeps the fine art store A NO. 27 Main street, Bangor, is a son of Daniel and Hannah Deakin. Daniel Deakin was a native of Concord, Mas- sachusetts, and came to Bangor in 1832. He had five children, three sons and two daughters — Clarence L, Florence L., Charles L., Eugene H., and Lillian J. Clarence L. Deakin was born November 29, 1848. Af- ter his course in the public and private schools in Bangor he commenced with his father in the fine art and picture business in 1864. He has since continued in this bus- iness. He married Miss Kate L. Gardner, daughter of L. L. Gardner, Esq., of Boston, Massachusetts. They have two children, Herbert H. and Helen K. Mr. Dea- kin became partner with his father in both the drug and picture business. In 1872 he dissolved with his father and took the picture business for himself, in which he has ever since continued. In 1874 he was. burned out under the Globe Hotel. He located at his present place in 1876. E. H. Tibbitts was born in Lisbon, Maine, October 24, 1826. His father's name was Enoch Tibbitts, who mar- ried Cynthia Warren, and had eight children, of whom Enoch H. is the youngest of five boys. He learned the carpenter business when a young man, and followed the business of building for five years. About 1856 he bought out Benjamin Adams, who was a casket and coffin manufacturer. He has enlarged his business from time to time until 1875, when he sold his retail department, and since then has been engaged in the manufacture and wholesaling of caskets and coffins. He also manufac- tures all kinds of moulding and house-furnishing mate- rial. He is now located on Harlow street, at Morse's Mills, where he does a large jobbing business. He mar- ried for his first wife, Catharine Sewell. She dying, Mr. Tibbitts married Sarah Jane Spearin, with whom he lived about six years, when he was again left a widower. This was about sixteen years since. Mr. Tibbitts is now living with his third wife, Ann S. Hart. By his second wife he had one son — William O., now living with his father. Mr. Tibbitts has one daughter by his present wife, Sadie by name. Mr. Silas Alden, the well-known druggist and apothe- cary of Bangor, is a son of Ebenezer and Patience (Gil- more) Alden, who came to Union, then in Lincoln county, about 1795. Mr. Alden did a large business at Union. He carried on a carding-mill, potash business, and store, beside his farm, which was one of the best in the State. He had twelve children, only four of whom are now living, viz: Augustus, now in Union a farmer; Dr. Edward, also in Union; James G., of Wisconsin, and Silas. Mr. Alden died in Union August 10, 1862. Mrs. Alden died October 17, 1856. Silas Al- den was born June 23, 1804. He spent his early life on the farm, and at the age of twenty-one went to school for two years to get the education denied him be- fore this. This he did, paying his own way. After at- tending school until competent to teach, he engaged in teaching for several years. He married Sarah Lindley, born November 29, 1804. They settled in Hope, now HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 809 Appleton, in Knox county. Here he purchased a carding- mill and engaged in making rolls (custom work). At that time each family manufactured their own clothing. Mr. Alden lived in Hope about five years, when he moved to Bangor, where he has since lived. On coming to Bangor he first engaged in lumbering business and general trade, but in 1843 changed to the apothecary and drug business, at which he has since continued. He has a large store on Main street. In former days, his son Warren L. was with him, and the firm was Silas Alden & Co. His son died in May, 1875, and his son Levi L. is now associated with him, under the same firm name. Mr. and Mrs. Alden have had ten children, viz: Warren L., deceased; George A., in Boston; Levi L; S. Augustus, in Boston; Oscar T., deceased; James E.; Orlandi R, deceased; Ann L., deceased; Sarah L., deceased; Sarah M., wife of Frank N. Lord, of Boston. William Z. Clayton, of Bangor, is a son of Bartholo- mew Clayton (for early history of the family see sketch of Charles Clayton). William Z. was born October 26, 183s, in Freeman, Maine. His father was a farmer and William was raised on the farm until he was nineteen years of age, when he went West. He lived in Minne- sota for ten years, including the time he was in the army. He was one of the pioneer settlers of Mankato, Minne- sota. In 1866 he returned to Maine and settled in Ban- gor, engaging in the grocery and flour business. This he continued about two years, when he went West agam, and opened up his farming lands, spending much of the time there for several years. He now spends some time every year in the West. In 1876 he received the appointment from the City Government of City Ijquor Agent, and in 1880 received the appointment of State Liquor Commis- sioner, which position he now holds. Mr. Clayton went into the army in i86t from Minnesota as private in the First Battery Minnesota Light Artillery. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant, and in 1862 to captain, and in 1863 was breveted Major, and was Chief of Artillery of the Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, com- manded by General Giles A. Smith until the fall of Atlan- ta, and then went through with Sherman to the sea and up through North and South Carohna in command of the First Minnesota Battery; was at the grand review in Washington, and was sent home to Minnesota to be mustered out. Mr. Clayton married for his first wife Miss Lizzie Rice, daughter of Collins Rice, of Minnesota; she died in 1863, and Mr. Clayton married for his second wife Miss Laura Knowles, daughter of Charles Knowles, of Newburg, Maine. By his present wife Mr. Clayton has four children — Maud, Charles, Blanche, and Mary. Patrick E. McAloon, barber, at No. 1 1 7 Exchange street, is a son of Peter and Mary (Dunning) McAloon of this city, and was born March 17, 1845. Peter and Mary McAloon had six children, viz: Owen, Hannah, and Bridget, deceased ; John, now in Leadville, Colorado; Thomas, in Bangor, and Patrick A. Mr. McAloon was a truckman in this city. He died in 1875 and Mrs. Mc- Aloon in 1869. Patrick, tjie youngest son of this family, first worked on the river here for some eight years. In 1870 he learned the barber trade of Mr. B. Williams and worked with him three years. He then went to Bos- ton and worked for a few months, then to Newport, Rhode Island, and remained about eight months. He came to Bangor again in 1874 and opened a shop. Mr. McAloon married Miss Almeda Burgess, of this city. They have no family. Mr. Charles E. McCoy, of Bangor, is a son of David and Jane (Rogers) McCoy. His grandfather on his mother's side was Adam Rogers. David and Jane Mc- Coy had five children, viz: James, who died in infancy; Olive A., deceased; Celia R., wife of Henry Tweed, of Boston; Ellen, now Mrs. Albert Bean, of Bangor; Ada, wife of David Googins, of Chicago; and Charles E. Mr. McCoy came here from Lincolnville, Waldo county, where he had lived about twelve years. He came there from Vermont. In Bangor his -family were ^11 born. He was a groceryman and well known here. He died in 1872. Charles E. McCoy, the youngest son, was born December 9, 1847, '" Bangor. He learned the tanner's trade and worked at that until 1876, when he was ap- pointed on the police force of Bangor, on which he has since served. He married Flora A. Van Wyke, daughter of Francis and Almira Van Wyke. They have one son named Charles F. In 1864 Mr. McCoy enlisted in the First Maine Cavalry, Company D, and remained till the close of the war, about nineteen months. William F. Reed, City Marshal of Bangor, was born February 10, 1850, in Bangor. His father, Harvey H. Reed, was a native of Massachusetts, and came to Ban- gor many years ago. He married Lucy Ann Ripley, of Bangor. Their family consisted of four children, all sons, viz: Alvin, now on the police force here; William, deceased; William F.; and Fred, deceased. Mr. Reed was a lumberman and kept a hotel at Grant Place, in Piscataquis county. He was killed in the army in 1863. Mrs. Reed is still living. William F. Reed, the subject of this sketch, after receiving a common school educa- tion in the Bangor public schools, took charge of a crew of men in the teaming business in the city, employing sixteen horses. He was thus employed for six years. In 1874 he became a member of the police department, and has smce been engaged on the force in some capaci- ty, being captain of the night watch the last year ere elected to his present office in 1877. His ability as Marshal, and his popularity, has caused him to be re- elected each year since. Mr. Reed married Vonia A. Danforth, daughter of Enoch Danforth, of this city. They have one son living — William F.— and have lost a daughter. Thomas Allen, now on the police force of Bangor, is a son of Thomas and Hannah (Crowley) Allen. Thom. as Allen was a native of Ireland, and came to this coun- try in 1843. He married in Bangor and has been a citizen for many years. His family consists of nine children living, viz: Thomas F., Annie, William H., Richard, Mary, John, Hattie and Lizzie (twins), and Edward. Mr. and Mrs. Allen are both living. Thomas F. Allen, the oldest son of this family, was born June 20, 1853, in Bangor. On becoming of age he engaged in submarixie diving, which has been his_ principal busi- 8io HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ness. In 1877 he was appointed as policeman and has been on the police force since that time. Mr. Allen married, in 1878, Annie J. Murray, of this city, daughter of Thomas Murray. Their family at present consists of one son, Frederick by name. During his div- ing operations Mr. Allen was engaged in Lowell and Boston, Massachusetts, besides in the Penobscot Valley. While engaged in this business in the Penobscot River he found and raised two large cannon that were sunk by the British in a vessel that ran aground and sunk in 1779. One of these went to Massachusetts and one was sold by him to Dr. Field, to be presented to the Maine Historical Society. Willard Cutter, of Bangor, the well-known carpenter and builder, was born in Sebec, Maine, May 2, 1822. His father, Jeremiah Cutter, married Mary Brown. They had eight children, six sons and two daughters. Willard, the third child and second son, was brought up on the farm in Sebec, and received a common school education. He came to Bangor when he was about eighteen years of age and went into the shop of Thomas B. Brown, of Bangor, where he thoroughly learned the trade of car- penter and builder. He remained with him three years, and then commenced business for himself. He has since Uvhd here, except three years in California. He is one of the leading builders of the city and now employs from ten to fifty men. Mr. Cutter married Hannah W. Heald, of Eddington, daughter of Joseph Heald. They have three children, two sons and one daughter. Joseph D. Robinson, the well-known hay and produce man in Bangor, is a son of James Robinson, a native of Dorchester, Massachusetts. His father was a mer- chant in Boston, and married Rachel Howe. They had ten children, of whom Joseph is. the second son. He was bom November 20, 1825, in Dorchester. On be- coming of age he engaged in the West India goods busi- ness on Long Wharf in Boston, in which he continued until i860, when he went into the coal business in Boston, continuing in this till 1869, when he came to Bangor and engaged m the hay and navigation business, prin- cipally in the hay business. Here he has since lived. He married Mary E. Robinson, daughter of Gad Robinson, of Bridgeport, Massachusetts. They have five children — George E. in Boston, Frederick H., also in Boston, Miriam, Joseph D., Jr., and Arthur K. Mr. Robinson's office is on Lower Broad street, where he may generally be found. He is the largest dealer in hay in the city. Hartford Pond, of Bangor, was born in Brewer, now Holden, in this county. His father, Abiah Pond, was a native of Wrentham, Massachusetts. Abiah Pond mar- ried Cynthia Clewly, daughter of Isaac Clewly, an old Revolutionary soldier. Abiah and Cynthia Pond had twelve children, of whom Hartford is the youngest son now living and the eight child. Mr. Pond was a farmer and by trade a shoemaker. Hartford Pond was born July 16, 1826. He spent his minority on the farm, but on becoming of age he engaged in the lumber business, working for John K. Mayo, of East Orrington. He worked in the saw-mill six months, when, by an acci- dent, he lost all the fingers on his left hand. In 1848 he came to Bangor and engaged as grocery clerk for his brother, Benjamin B. Pond, for whom he worked two years, at the end ol which time he engaged with Mr. Churchill, and afterwards worked as clerk in the store he now occupies for many years. In 1866 he bought the business and stock in trade, and has since been in busi- ness here. He married for his first wife Sarah J. Demer- itt, who died about 1856, leaving one son, Charles G. Mr. Pond married for his second wife Nancy F. Buzzell. Mr. Pond was a member of the Common Council in 1875 and 1876. He was a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1877, and again re-elected to the Council in 1879. Albert F. Snow, freight cashier in the Maine Central Railroad office, was born August 17, 1850. His father, George W. Snow, was a native of Frankfort, Maine. He was a steamboat captain on the Penobsco River and Bay, and died July 6, 1876. Mr. Snow married Elizabeth D. Savage, of Bangor. Their children were three sons and one daughter, viz: Albert F.; George F., now freight agent of the European & North American Railroad in this city ; Charles L., with Hincks & Neally, of this city, and Mary S., a teacher in the grammar schools of this city. Albert F. Snow after obtaining an education in the common schools of the city, went to sea and spent about two and a half years. In 1870 he entered the employ of the European & North American Railroad Company, remaining with them for five years, at the end of which time he engaged with the Maine Central Rail- road Company as freight cashier. Mr. Snow, though a young man, has served as member of the Common Coun- cil of the City of Bangor, and at that time was the youngest member. Jefferson Crocker, is a son of Daniel and Martha J. Crocker, of Somerset county, who were among the early settlers of that county. He married Jane Smart, of Parkman, and had four children; Louise, Jefferson, Henry, and an infant, two of whom are living. Mr. Crocker died in his eightieth year. Jefferson Crocker was born July 4, 1829. He lived on a farm until the age of sixteen and afterwards was engaged in a saw-mill about seven years, when he engaged in his present busi- ness, running a wool pulling factory. He has been also en- gaged in buying and selling produce, also a meat market He married Laura A. Stevens, born January 22, 1845, daughter of John and Lucy B. Stevens, of Bangor, December 20, 1864, by whom he had four children: Grace E., born July 30, 1866 ; Leonard J., born January 9, 1868; Ralph H., born June 12, 1871; Laura L., born January 30, 1875, ^11 ^t home. In 1879 Mr. Crocker's buildings were burned without any insur- ance, the loss being $4,000. Fire broke out at 1 1 a. m., and at 2 p. m. he had timber hauling and carpenters at work on a new building. In three weeks from the time of the fire, he occupied his new building. Victor Brett, City Clerk of Bangor, was born in Old- town, October 17, 1851. He is the only son of Judge E. C. Brett, well known in this county, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere. He graduated at Westbrook Semi- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 8ii nary in 1868, and then entered Tuft's College, from which he was graduated in 1872. In 1873 he entered the Albany Law School, and gralduated in 1874. After his graduation he entered the office of Wilson & Wood- ard, of this city, and studied law with them until the fall of 1875, when he was admitted to the Penobscot County Bar. He then entered upon the practice of law and fol- lowed it until 1876, when he was elected City Clerk, which office he has since held. Mr. Brett married Miss A. Lillian Ames, daughter of Charles Ames, Esq., of Bangor. They have one son, Howard by name. A. S. Sands, Superintendent of the City Farm and Almshouse in Bangor, was born in Sebec, Piscataquis county, Maine. His father, Captain Benjamin Sands, was born in China, Maine, in 1808. His grandfather came from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A. S. Sands was born June 9, 1838. He spent his early life on a farm. He has been Superintendent of the City Farm since he came to Bangor in 1877. He has two brothers in Ban- gor. H. S. Sands came here in 1865, and with S. O. Proctor kept a wholesale grocery store. Later he kepi: the Hammond Street Bakery, and at present keeps a produce store on Central street. O. S. Sands came to Bangor about 1874, and has since kept a grocery and produce store. William P. Dickey, the well-known hardware dealer in Bangor, is a son of George and Lucy L. (Patch) Dickey, of Bangor. Their family consisted of five children — Lucy J., deceased, wife of Rev. J. A. Haskell ; George A., with Jordan & Marsh, Boston; William P.; Annie, now Mrs. H. A. Bridges, of Providence, Rhode Island; and Nellie, wife of J. H. Snow, of Bangor. Mr. Dickey has followed the business of builder in Bangor for many years. He is still living, as is Mrs. Dickey. William P. Dickey was born in Bangor April 22, 1843. On becom- ing of age he engaged in the hardware business in 1859 with O. P. Sawtelle. This firm continued about three years, when Mr. Dickey sold out to Mr. Sawtelle and opened a store for himself, soon after taking in his uncle, 0. R. Patch, of New York, with the title of W. P. Dickey & Co. They continued about four years, Mr. Patch being a silent partner. At the end of this time Mr. Patch withdrew and Mr. Dickey has since continued the business himself. The buildmg he now occupies was the first brick store built in Bangor. Mr. Dickey carries a very large stock of hardware, besides paints and oils, sash, doors and blinds, etc. He married Miss Eliza Foss, daughter of Joseph B. Foss. They have two sons and one daughter and have lost one son. John S. Jenness, who now carries on the hardware bus- iness at the old stand of Jenness & Son, is a son of Thomas Jenness. This house dates back to 1833, when Mr. Jenness and Mr. March came here, the former from Deerfield, New Hampshire, and the latter from Ports- mouth. They at first occupied a store at No. 2 City Point block, which was then just completed. In 1835 they removed to the present location. No. 1 2 West Mar- ket Square. In 1839 they dissolved, and Mr. Jenness carried on the business alone; but in 1841 a change was made, Horace Jenness taking No. 12 West Market Square, and Thomas opening a new hardware store on Exchange street. In 1843 these stores were united at No. 12 West Market Square, Horace selling out, and Jo- seph J. Dearborn, of Deerfield, New Hampshire, asso- ciating with Thomas, the firm name being Jenness & Dearborn. This firm continued till the fall of 1850, when Mr. Dearborn returned to Deerfield. Mr. Jenness was then alone till May, 1864, when his son, John S. Jenness, was associated with him under the firm name of Thomas Jenness & Son. The latter succeeded to the business on the death of his father, in August of the same year, continuing the same style. The hardware business has undergone much change during the last forty years. In the first years of their business the larger portion of their stock was imported, and Sheffield and Birmingham goods filled their shelves. American manu- factures during this period have developed and become able to compete with a superior quality of goods which now have the market. This establishment deals largely in window glass, carrying a complete assortment. They also make a specialty in fine cutlery, both of English and American manufacture, and carry a full line of sporting goods. No other store east of Portland deals in bolting cloths. They make a specialty of oils. Mr. Jenness married Mary True, daughter of Joseph True, of Deer- field, New Hampshire. They had two children — Sarah D., now Mrs. James F. Rawson, of Bangor, and John S., the present proprietor. Joshua K. Sherman, the well-known groceryman of Bangor, was born in Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massa- chusetts, December 29, 1833. His father, Michael Sher- man, was a carpenter, and moved from Massachusetts to Hampden in 1843, where he spent the latter part of his life. He married Miss Paulina Knowles, of Provincetown. They had two children — Joshua K., and Paulina K., de- ceased. Joshua Sherman followed the sea until 1868, when he was thirty-five years old. That year he came to Bangor and engaged in the grocery business with Mr. F. T. Hall. They occupy two numbers — 28 and 30 — on Center street, where they keep a very large and choice stock of goods. Mr. Sherman married Jennie P. Phil- lips, daughter of John Phillips, of Hampden. They have one son, Philip by name. James Dunning is a son of John Dunning, of Frank- fort, Waldo county, who was one of the early settlers of the township, emigrating in an early day from Bruns- wick, Maine. He married Theodosia Blaisdell, and by this union had thirteen children — John, Jane, James and Alexander (twins), Francis, Theodosia, Sarah, Susan, Caroline, Robert, Charles, and Nancy. He was a tanner and currier by trade; was in the War of 181 2; died at the age of seventy-seven in Bangor. James Dunning was born April 3, 18 13, in Frankfort, now Winterport. At the age of thirteen he came to Bangor to learn the tanner and currier trade of James Tillon, and worked with him one year, after which he went to sea two years. He then engaged in mercantile business as clerk for L. B. Mclntyre, with whom he remained five years, and came to Bangor with him as clerk in 1833, remaining two and one-half years longer, after which he engaged in bus- 8is HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. iness for himself in dry goods, groceries, and crockery. He went to Boston and bought his stock of goods, getting credit to the amount of $ii,ooo. He owned the first vessel that went to California after the gold excitement, rigged the vessel, loaded it with 149 passengers, and named it the Gold Hunter. The voyage was a success- ful one. He freighted her twice with passengers, and af- terward he, with two other gentlemen, took the contract to build the Bangor & Kennebec Road, fifty-five miles in length. They raised a subscription of $500,000 to build the . road. He afterwards raised the subscription to the gas works, and in the meantime started a Farmers' Bank, running said bank over twenty-four years, paying the stockholders twelve and one-half per cent., and closed the business two years ago, paying the stockholders $120 per share. He was Colonel of militia; at the commence- ment of the war he was in Washington; came home and got ' up the first company of volunteers, and afterwards helped organize six or seven companies. He married, for his first wife, Charlotte A. Hook, of Castine, by whom he had five children — ^James F., James H., Mary E., George E., William H. His first wife died February 22, 1876, and he married again — Julia Palmer, daughter of John Palmer, of Bangor — March 26, 1877. He served as Representative in the State Legislature two terms. Joseph F. Leavitt, the popular General Ticket Agent of the European & North American Railroad, was born in Levant, in Penobscot county, on the 12th of May, 1842. He is the only living son of William F. and Clara (Brackett) Leavitt. His grand- father, Joseph Leavitt, was a native of Stratham, New Hampshire. William F. Leavitt was a lumberman, and moved to Bangor when Joseph was a lad four years old. He died in Bangor March 26, 1853. Mrs. Leavitt is now living here with her son. Their family consisted of seven children, viz: William F., Jr., Ann S., Clara E., Joseph F., Ann B., Angelica C, and Susan M., all of whom are deceased except Clara and Joseph. When but sixteen years old Joseph Leavitt entered a dry goods store in this city as clerk. He worked for Stickney & Roberts ; also for Thompson & Hichborn. He worked for these parties six years. In 1864 he went to Nash- ville, Tennessee, where he was connected with the United States military railroad in the Engineer's office. He re- mained here until the close of the war in 1865, when he went to Boston and engaged with a dry goods jobbing house as salesman and travehng agent. At the end of two and a half years he came to Maine to settle an estate in Bucksport and close up the business. Here he took charge of a tannery belonging to the estate and contin- ued the business of the tannery for one and a half years, when he came to Bangor and became connected with the European & North American Railroad as book-keeper. In May, 1873, he was appointed General Ticket Agent, which position he has since filled to the entire satisfac- tion of the company. He is now Clerk of the corpora- tion. Mr. Leavitt married Mary A. Margesson, daughter of the late William Margesson, of Bangor. Joseph G. Dummer, of Bangor, is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Winslow) Dummer. Joseph Dummer was a native of Byfield, Massachusetts. He was a cab- inet-maker by trade, and for many years carried on that business in Hallowell, Maine. He had a family of seven children, viz : Elizabeth, wife of the late Samuel Cun- ningham, of Bucksport, Maine; Abigail, deceased ; Mary, wife of G. Whitman, of Bath, Maine; Martha J., de- ceased, wife of Hugh J. Anderson, of Belfast ; Daniel, deceased ; Joseph, deceased ; and Shubael, deceased. Joseph G. Dummer was born January 4, 1813. About 1868 he came to Bangor and engaged in the meat busi- ness, which he followed for a time, and then went into the grocery business. In 1873 he went into the livery business, in which he has since continued. Mr. Dum- mer married for his first wife Mary P. Peabody. She died in 1852, and he married for his second wife Sarah Jordan. By his first wife he has three daughters, and by his second wife one — Mary, wife of Joseph M. Hodg- kins, of Bangor ; Maria, wife of Charles G. Perry, of Presque Isle, Maine ; Elizabeth, at home ; and Sarah, wife of Fred Appleton, of Bangor. Fred W. Gould, of Bangor, was born in the town of Bangor December 22, 1850. His father, Addison Gould, was a farmer, and came to Bangor from Dexter. He was a farmer, and Fred spent his early hfe on the farm until he was eighteen, and then went to Massachusetts and be- came a conductor on a horse-car. He came back to Bangor and engaged in the crockery and house-furnish- ing business for about two years, when he went into the business of dyeing and coloring. He followed this about six or seven years and then opened his present restaurant and oyster house at No. 35 Mercantile Square, where he has since kept an eating-house. Mr. Gould married Miss Maggie J. Wortman, daughter of Thomas Wortman, of Boston. Albert F. Merrill, of the Bangor Flouring Mills, is a son of Nathan L. and Eliza (Wiggin) Merrill. Nathan L. Merrill was a native of Stratham, New Hampshire, and came from there to Corinth, Maine, when a young man, and engaged in lumber business. In 1855 he came to Bangor and engaged in the manufacture of lum- ber. He had five children, viz : Nathan and Freeman, who now live in Newport; Charles H. and Benjamin Franklin, in Cambridge, Maine; Esther O., wife of W. A. Whitteman, of Illinois; and Albert F., who was born September 3, 1839. He lived in Corinth until about fif- teen years of age when he came to Bangor. After be- coming of age he went to New Hampshire and took charge of his father's lumber wharf there. He remained in New Hampshire until 1868 when he returned and went into the lumber-mill with his brother Charles. They remained together about one year, after which A. F. managed it alone about eight years. In 1878 he sold out and purchased the flour-mill, where we now find him, on the Kenduskeag Stream, about a mile from the post- office, and called the Bruce Mills. Since purchasing this mill Mr. Merrill has enlarged it and built a new house. He married for his first wife Abbie Littlefield, of Wells, Maine. She died in 1869 leaving four children, Fred- erick H., Charles and Albert (twins), and Abbie L. Mr. Merrill married for his second wife Miss Hattie M. titSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 813 Thomas. They have two children — Percy and Hattie E. Since residing in Bangor Mr. Merrill has been one year a member of the city council. Edwin P. Ferguson, of Bangor, is a son of Ivory Fergu- son, a native of Elliot, York county, Maine. He married Abigail Goodhue, daughter of John Goodhue, one of the early settlers of Dixmont, who came from Massachusetts. Mr. Ferguson was a hatter by trade, though after settling in Dixmont he gave his attention to farming and became one of the most successful farmers and stock raisers in town. He died in Hampden in 1869. Mrs. Ferguson died in 1843. The surviving members of his family are: Sarah J. and Samuel T., both living in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Dennison G., of Plymouth, Maine; Ira G., of Marion, Dakota Territory; and Edwin P. The latter married Mary E. Cofifin, who died in 1855. Their chil- dren are: Willis E., of Portland, Maine; Susie A.; Min- nie A; Ernest S., of Bangor, Maine; Everett J., de- ceased; and Samuel G. Mr. Ferguson first settled in Dix- mont on the old homestead, but moved to Bangor in 1864. He is engaged in farming and stock raising, and has a good farm not far from the city. George A. Thatcher, father of Benjamin B. Thatcher, came to Bangor in 1822 from Warren, Maine, where he was born in. 1806. He has always been identified with the interests of Bangor, and held for many years the office of member of the Board of Assessors. In early years he was in the lumber business, and is now the only living resident of the business men of the time when he came here. He has been Deacon of the First Congre- gational Church since 1840. He married Rebecca Jane Billings, daughter of Caleb C. Billings, one of the oldest and most prominent business men connected with the early history of the city of Bangor. She was born in 1813 and IS still living. The following are the children oi the above: George P. Thatcher, of San Francisco; Frederick A., died very young; Charles A., (died in 1864, while in the service of his country, in command of the United States gunboat Gazelle, on the Mississippi River, near the mouth of the Red River; killed by guerrillas. He was acting Captain in the volunteer navy at the time of his death); Benjamin B. Thatcher, of Bangor; Caleb B. Thatcher, of Bangor; Sarah Frances, died very young; Henry Knox Thatcher, of Bangor. Benjamin B. Thatcher, son of George A. and Rebecca J. Thatcher, was born in April, 1839. He married Mary Ella Walker (daughter of James Walker, Esq.), in 1866, who died in 1875. Their children were George Thoreau and Lottie May. In 1877 Mr. Thatcher married Charlotte P. Walker (daughter of James Walker, Esq.), who is now living. He has always lived in Bangor and been connected with the lumber business since 1858; was clerk and book- keeper for Eddy, Murphy & Company from 1861 to 1866, a;id then succeeded to their business, under the firm name of N. C. Ayer & Company, and afterwards of Cutler, Thatcher & Company, until 1876, since which time he has been carrying on the same business alone. He was a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1877; was elected Representative to the Legislature in 1880 and still holds that position. Warren A. Bragg, of the large wholesale grocery house of Thurston & Bragg, was born in China, Kennebec county, Maine, October 30, 1838. His father was a farmer. Warren A. remained on the farm until he came to Bangor in 1863, with the exception of three years which he spent in Minnesota. In 1863 he opened the store with which he has since been connected. At first he did only a retail business. In 1864 he took in Mr. W. T. C. Wescott, and the firm became Bragg. & Wes- cott. They did business together until 1877, when they closed up business. Mr. Bragg then opened again, and took in Mr. W. L. Thurston as partner, and the firm be- came Thurston & Bragg. They gradually worked into the wholesale business, and during the last ten years they have done only a wholesale business. Their business now has increased until they have one of the largest wholesale houses in the city. Mr. Bragg married Lydia J. Hilt, of Augusta. They have two children — WiUard L. and M. Florence, both now at home. Mr. Bragg has been a member of the city government for several years. The first representatives of the Emery family in this country were John and Anthony, of Romsey, Hampshire county, England, who came over in 1635 and settled in Newberry. Anthony Emery had a son, James by name, born about 1630, and who lived in Kittery; his wife's name was Elizabeth. He had five sons, the youngest of whom, named Job, was born in 1670. Job Emery had four sons and seven daughters. His second son, Joseph, married Mehitable Stacy. Their family consisted of seven sons and four daughters. His second son, John, was born in Kittery, Maine, in 1730, and was one of the first settlers in Brewer, in 1773. He had three sons and ten daughters. His sons were John Emery, and James (who was drowned when a young man), and Nahum. John Emery married Abigail Wasgatt, of Mount Desert, Maine. They had twelve children, nine sons and three daughters. Thomas Emery, the eighth son of this fami- ly and father of Noah Emery, married Mercy Wasgatt. He followed the sea for many years, and then engaged in the lumber business. He built the first steam saw-mill in Penobscot Valley. He was a man well known, and at 8i4 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. one time represented Hampden in the Legislature. He died in 1848. His family consisted of eight children, seven daughters and one son. But three of the daugh- ters are living— Julia A., Mrs. Buker, of New York; Charlotte, Mrs. Sewall, of Hampden; and Elmira, Mrs. Goddard, of Boston. Noah Emery, the only son of this family, was born April 2, 1825. He spent his early life on the farm, and then went to sea. He has for many years been a ship master, and sailed principally from New York. He retired from sea life in 1867, and now resides in Bangor. He married Mary Ellen Pomeroy, daughter of Arad H. Pomeroy, of Hampden. One of the largest and most successful lumber dealers in Bangor is Mr. William T. Pearson, who was born in Corinth, May 27, 1821. His father was a farmer. When sixteen years old William T. Pearson came to Bangor and went into the store of his brothers, M. & O. Pear- son, for a time, and in 1843 started a grocery store in Mercantile Square, which he continued till 1845. ^^ the spring of 1846 he commenced as a surveyor of lum- ber, which he followed till 1853. The reputation which he acquired in this line secured his appointment to the important position of Surveyor-General, which he held in 1850 and 1851. In the latter year he surveyed 16,- 672,762 feet, the largest amount ever surveyed here by any one person in one season. In 1853 he commenced the manufacture and wholesale trade of lumber. He manufactured at the Basin Mills two years, at Oldtown six years, and at Veazie two years. In 1864 he pur- chased the valuable mill privilege at West Great Works, which had been occupied by the well-known Dwinel Mills, which were burnt a short time previous, and erected thereon one of the largest blocks of mills on the Penobscot. These mills were burned in the spring of 1881. They are now rebuilding these mills. In 1873 he associated with him as partner his nephew, Edgar C. Pearson. Mr. Pearson's father was one of the early set- tlers of Corinth. Henry Brown was born in Winslow, Maine, April 23, 1832. His father was a native of Frankfort, and his mother of Winslow, where both died aged eighty and eighty-five years. Henry Brown left Winslow in 1849 and engaged in lumbering on the Penobscot River. At present he is Superintendent of the Dirigo Mill. He married Emma E. Ordway, daughter of William Ord- way, February 5, 1864, and has had four children — Alice, deceased; Harry, Hattie May, and Gertie. Mrs. Brown died, and for a second wife he married Vesta M. Reid, daughter of Harry and Lovina (Trafton) P>.eid, May 12, 1881. Mr. Brown was Selectman in Oldtown four years, and represented that class in the State Legis- lature three years. He enlisted in the war in 1861, serv- ing as first lieutenant about two months, and was then promoted to captain. He resigned in May, 1863, on account of ill health. He now resides in Bangor. The other members of his father's family were Edward, Cath- arine, Job, and Hiram. John Patten was born in Hermon, on the place now occupied by him and his son, in 181 1. He lived with his father until the age of twenty-one, when he took charge of the farm, and has been engaged in farming and lumbering ever since. The farm was cleared from a wilder- ness by his father assisted by his sons. They suffered the privations the early settlers were subject to, and the father died on this place December 13, 1850. John Patten took care of his parents till their death. He was married, December 24, 1829, to Cynthia A. Neally, daughter of James Neally, of Monroe, who was of military fame. By this union three children were born — Calista E., born July 12, 1849, married Henry C. Norris, of Hermon, and is now living in Hermon ; Charles N., born Decem- ber 21, 1852, now living in Hermon on the old home- stead, married Etta Ward, of Hampden, December 25, 1879, ^"'i '^^s <^"^ child, Lillian May, who was born October 6, 1880; Dora E., born December 26, 1855, married John Miller, of Newburg, now living at New- burg, and has one child, Lina A., born August 5, 1879, at home. Mr. Silas D. Jones, the well-known clothing dealer of Bangor, is a native of Bowdoin, Maine. His father was Benjamin Jones, a tailor by trade, who lived many years in Bath. He married Elizabeth Hogan, a daughter of William Hogan, a Revolutionary soldier who fought all through that war, and died at Bowdoin. Benjamin and Elizabeth Jones had four sons — Charles, deceased; Ben- jamin, now in New York ; William, deceased, and Silas. Mr. Jones died in 1835 ; Mrs. Jones died in 1855. Silas D., the youngest of this family, was born April 2, 1824, in Bowdoin. He received a common school edu- cation, and early learned the tailor's trade. He came to Bangor in 1842, and engaged with Mr. Wheelwright as cutter and taking charge of their clothing department. Afterwards he became one of the company, and continued with them for about twenty years in all, the firm name being Jones, Clark & Co. In 1865 Mr. Jones dissolved partnership, and went into business with Mr. Fifield, under the title of Jones & Fifield, for one year. He then went into business with his brother, the firm being Jones Bros., until 1870, From 1870 to 1873 he did business alone, and then took in his sons as partners, under the firm name of Jones & Sons, which has since continued. Their present place of business is Nos. i and 2 Kendus- keag Bridge. Mr. Jones married Sarah C. Woodbury, daughter of Collins Woodbury, Esq. They have four children — B. Frank, of the firm; Storer W., also of the firm ; Alice Maud, and Annie W. Mr. Jones has been a member of the Board of Aldermen three years, and is a member of the Water Board now. Among the many prominent lumbermen of the Penob- scot Valley is Mr. Isaac M. Bragg. He is one of the very oldest dealers in lumber here and shipped the first load of lumber ever sent out of this port, in the ship Bremen, of Bremen, Germany, in 1859. Vessels of smaller burden had been loaded here before this, but this was the first ship. He also chartered the first two ships that were ever loaded here, with deals, one being the Tri- mountain, for Liverpool, England. Mr. Bragg is a son of Isaac and Hannah (Meigs) Bragg, of China, Kenne- bec county, then Harland. Isaac Bragg was a manu- facturer of plows. He had seven children, three sons HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 8iS and four daughters, of whom Isaac M. is the fourth child and second son. He was born November i6, 1812, in China, Maine. He received such an education as the common schools of that time afforded, which was, to say the least, meager. At the age of nineteen he en- tered the store of Mr. Foster, of Orono, where he re- mained two years, then went away to school to obtain a better education. After attending the Academy at China two terms he returned and went mto business with Mr. Foster as partner, remaining this time two years, when he sold out io Mr. Foster and came to Bangor and engaged in the grocery and West India trade. He gradually worked into the lumber commission business which he has since followed. Mr. Bragg has been in both branches of the city government at different times. In 1839 he married Miss Sarah A. Babco'ck, daughter of William Babcock, of St. Andrews, New Brunswick. She died in 1844 and Mr. Bragg married again in 1850 Miss Augusta A. 'Taylor, daughter of Abner Taylor, of Bangor. Mr. Bragg has two children, one by each wife, Carrie A., now Mrs. W. E. Mann, of Bangor; Florence A., mar- ried James C. Buzzell, of Bangor. From the small busi- ness of two ship loads of deals, shipped in 1859, that business in Bangor increased to nineteen ship loads in 1864 or 1865. Mr. Bragg is widely known in connec- tion with lumber shipping business here. Charles Hight, the well-known bookseller and stationer of Bangor, was born in Athens, Maine. His father, William Hight, Jr., was a farmer and born in Athens. His grandfather was William, and he also was a native of New Hampshire. He was one of the first settlers in Athens. William Hight, Jr., married Elvira Horn. They had but two children, Charles and Frank, twins. Mr. Hight is now living in Bangor to be near his sons, who are both in business here. Charles Hight was born November 25, 1832. He spent his early life on the farm and attended the district schools and the academy in the village. On arriving at the age of twenty he came to Bangor with his brother and entered the store of McLure & Co. Here he remained about two years when he went into the book and stationery business with Mr. O. R. Patch. About 1874 they added the jewelry business formerly carried on in their store by Mr. Weeks. In 1877 the firm took in Mr. Pfafif, who has charge of the jewelry department. Their present place of busi- ness is No. 3 Smith Block. Mr. Hight married Miss Adelaide Hill, daughter of the late Henry Hill, of Ban- gor. They have one daughter, Lillian by name. Mr. Hight was. at one time a member of the City Council. Edward C. Snow, of Bangor, was born in Orneville, Maine, January 28, 1846. His father, Jesse Snow, was a millwright and a native of Bowdoinham, Maine. He mar- ried Eliza F. Mayo. They had four sons, viz : Charles W., now residing in Northampton, Massachusetts; Edward C; George H., now in Bangor ; Olin H., with Edward C, in Bangor. Mr. Snow is still living with his sons in this city. Edward C. Snow before becoming of age came to Bangor and engaged with Samuel B. Stone as salesman. He continued with him one year and then engaged with liiaps ^ J^ichpls in the same capacity. He was with them until 1872 when he went into business for himself He continued in the dry goods business three years, hav- ing as a partner Henry A. Mayo. In 1875 Mr. Mayo died and Mr. Snow went into the manufacture of ladies', misses', and children's fashionable garments, also the manufacture of mens' shirts. His place of business is at No. 16 Main street. Mr. Snow warrants all his work. He married Miss Kittie Averill, daughter of William Averill, of Orono. They have four children, viz ; Ned C, Mary W., Maud E., and Annie. Hugh Ross, of this city, is a native of Belfast, Maine. He is a son of Hugh and Elizabeth (Clifford) Ross. His grandfather was also Hugh, a native of Shapleigh, Maine. Hugh and Elizabeth Ross had nine children, of whom Hugh, Jr., is the fourth. He was born in Belfast Octo- ber 30, 1821. At the age of fourteen he left the farm and entered the store of his brother John C. Here he remained nine years, and in 1845 came to Bangor and engaged in the ship-chandler business, which he contin- ued until 1856. In 1852 he went into the steamboat business. He has had since then the exclusive towing and excursion business of the river. In 1873 he took in as a partner Gilbert Howell. Mr. Ross married Anna Gilkey, daughter of PhiUp Gilkey, of Belfast. They have five children, viz : Grace, wife of Stuart M. Buck, of West Virginia, a coal dealer; Walter, now with his father; Anna, Ralph, and Mary. Mr. Ross is a man very widely known in the entire Penobscot Valley. Alden F. Hilton, Chief Engineer of the European & North American Railroad, is a native of Alna, Lincoln county, Maine. His father, Stephen Hilton, married Lydia Jewett. They had eight children, six of whom grew to man and womanhood, viz: Hartley A., now re- siding in Alna; Mary E.; Alden F.; Ohvia C, wife of W. H. Williams, of Campello, Massachusetts; Laura E., now Mrs. Elbridge McKinsley, of Whitefield, Lincoln county, Maine; Henry C, now in Boston. Mr. Hilton is now living in Alna. Alden F., the second son of this family, was born November 19, 1841, in Alna. He spent his early boyhood on the farm, obtaining such a common school education as the schools of the little town afforded. When he was twenty-two he entered the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, and was graduated in 1868. During the time he was pursuing the course there he taught school some. Soon after graduating he was em- ployed as Assistant Engineer on the European & North American Railroad, with which company he has remained ever since. Having a natural taste for the business, he was in 1872 elected to the position of Chief Engineer. Since his connection with the road it has grown from a short Une of twelve miles to one hundred and fourteen miles in the main line, besides the various branches. Mr. Alden married Alma A. Lewis, of Whitefield, Maine, No- vember 8, 1880. Albert F. Field, contractor, builder, and slater, of this city, is a son of Ambrose and Sarah Field. He was born August 21, 1850. He received a common school edu- cation in Bangor, and at the age of fourteen, in 1864, he enhsted in the Fourteenth Maine Volunteers. Being old-looking for a boy, he was accepted, and served one 8i6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. year, and was mustered out with the regiment in the autumn of 1865. On coming back to Bangor he went to sea, and was gone one year. In 1867 he began to learn his trade with Charles B. Brown, of this city. He remamed with Mr. Brown, and served a three-years' ap- prenticeship. At the close of his apprenticeship he en- gaged with Mr. Brown, and worked for him five years. In 187s Mr. Brown retired, and Mr. Field, with Mr. Robertson, bought him out, and continued the business until 1878, when they dissolved, and Mr. Field has since conducted the business himself. In 1870 he married Miss Sarah E. Spear, of Rockland, Maine. They have three sons, viz: Charles P., Frank A., and Willie K. W. F. Whiton, of Bangor, of the firm of W. F. Whi- ten & Co., is a son of Thomas J, Whiton, who came here from Boston in 1834. He was a native of Hing- ham, Massachusetts. Mr. Whiton, on coming to Ban- gor, associated with Stephen Badger and Mr. Lovejoy in the manufacture of carriages and coaches of all kinds then made. Lovejoy soon went out of the firm, but Whiton & Badger continued the business until 1844 or 1845, when Mr. Badger retired, and Mr. Whiton contin- ued the business alone until about 1850, when Mr. Phineas Yeaton was admitted. The firm then became Whiton & Yeaton, and so continued until the death of Mr. Yeaton in 1869. In the last-mentioned year W. F. Whiton purchased the business and has since continued at the old stand. The buildings have been enlarged from time to time, until now Mr. Whiton employs from twenty to twenty-five men and turns out all kinds of light work. Thomas J. Whiton had three children, two sons and one daughter, viz : Thomas H., who died in early life; AdeHne E., and Walter F. Walter F. was born January 21, 1842. He was early trained in the business and has always followed it. This firm is the largest of its kind in this county. Among the prominent manufacturing establishments in Bangor is the large pottery of Persson & Soderberg. This establishment, named the Bangor Stoneware Com- pany, is of only a few months' growth, and already has become one of the prominent interests of the city. Mr. Persson came from Sweden to Massachusetts, and from there he went to Gardner. He learned his trade when a lad, and has always worked at the business. His partner is also a practical potter, having worked for many years in Sweden at the business, as well as elsewhere in this country. Their pottery is on Patten street, where they manufacture every article that could be expected in their line. They already employ nine men. This is by far the largest concern of the kind in this part of Maine. Albert W. Benson, Ticket Agent at Bangor of the Maine Central and other railway lines to the east and west, is a native of Waterville, born June 23, 185 1, old- est son and child of George B. and Elvira M. (Cornforth) Benson, of that city, where his father is connected with the great scythe and axe factory. His early education was received in the public schools of Waterville and dur- ing three years at the Lewiston High-school. He also served an apprenticeship in one of the cotton mills in the latter place, and became an expert machinist. After he left the schools he was diverted, however, to other business, and began telegraphing at Fairfield, in the sta- tion of the Maine Central Railroad, with which road he has been connected ever since, with the exception of less than a year spent in the employ of the Western Union Telegraph Company, at Lewiston. He came from Lew- iston to Bangor in 187 1, as an operator for the Central, and in 1873 took post in the ticket office, where he has since steadily remained in the faithful discharge of the responsible duties connected with his place. Mr. Ben- son was married on New Year's Day, 1875, '^ Miss Sarah G., daughter of Oilman P. and Sarah M. Smith, of Ban- gor. They have two children — Kate Lillian and Frank Smith Benson. Mellen T. Cates is the son of Thomas S. and Char- lotte Cates, of -Bangor. Thomas S. Cates is a native of Jackson, Maine, and Mrs. Cates is a native of Buckfield, her maiden name being Shaw. Thomas and Charlotte Cates had four children, three daughters and one son, viz; Sarah E., now Mrs. Thomas Files, of Bangor; Ce- lestia, wife of Rev. S. C. Whitcomb, of Pittsfield, Maine; Miriam S., of Bangor ; and Mellen T. Mr. Cates died in 1868. Mrs. Cates is still living with Mellen in Ban- gor. Mellen T. Cates was born September 24, 1849. He learned the joiner's trade, at which he worked about four years. In 1869 he went to Boston and entered the em- ploy of Clark Brothers & Co. as book-keeper, where he remained about six months. In 1870 he came to Ban- gor and engaged in the grocery and provision business, at which he has since continued. In r872 he married Miss Annie E. Wood, daughter of Daniel and Betsey Wood, of Bangor. They have one daughter, Charlotte L. by name. Mr. Cates has held the office of Councilman one term in this city. He is at present Trustee and Sec: retary of the Bangor Mechanic Library Association. His present place of business is No. 47 State street. Arthur L. Hopkins, of Bangor, is the son of Joel and Cecelia Hopkins, of Orrington. Joel Hopkins is a son of Joel Hopkins, of Bucksport, Maine, who is now living in Brewer. Joel and Cecelia Hopkins had but one child — Arthur, who was born in South Orrington. In the year 1867 his father moved to Brewer, and Arthur went to work as a clerk for O. D. Holt & Son, where he remained three years, then he worked one year for Mr. J. K. Mayo. In 1877 he entered the employ_of George Bowen, Esq., at No. 12 Exchange street. He remained with him two years, when he bought him out, and has since continued the business at the same place. He married Ida M. Washburn, daughter of B. Washburn, of Bangor. He keeps a full line of groceries and provisions, also ship-chandlers' stock. Jacob Stern was born July 17, 1844, in Hesse Cassel, Germany. He is the son of Nathan Stern, who had five children, one son and four daughters. Jacob Stern served an apprenticeship of -three years to learn the mer- cantile business, his father paying $100 a year to the firm and his board. At the end of three years, on graduating with a class of five hundred he received the first diploma. He then went to Berlin and entered a large dry goods wholesale house, and traveled through Northern Ger- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 817 many for three years, at the end of which time he re- turned to his native place to be drafted, being then twenty years of age. On account of nearsightedness he was exempted. In 1865 he came to New York, but failing to find a situation to suit him, he came to Bangor and entered the employ of Mr. F. Meinecke, with whom he continued three years, when he bought Mr. Meinecke out and has continued the business since. In 1876 he married Miss E. W. Walker, daughter of James Walker, of Bangor. They have two children, one son and one daughter (twins), viz : Philip and Catharine. Mr. Stern's present place of business is Nos. 37 and 39 Main street, Bangor, where he has the largest retail store and keeps the largest stock in his line — French, English, and German fancy goods and small ware — in the city. G. W. Spratt, who was born in the town of China, Kennebec county, Maine, is a son of George and Susan Spratt. George Spratt married Susan Crowell. They had seven children — -six sons and one daughter — George W.; Pharron P., now in' Clinton, Maine; Theodore B., deceased ; James B., went away and was never heard from ; Allen C, now of Levant, Maine ; Henry W., now of Orrington, Maine ; and Persis W., widow of Walter Robinsoif, of Brewer. George W. Spratt, the oldest of this family, was born July 24, 1822, and moved with his father in 1842 to the town of Levant. Here his father and mother spent the remainder of their lives. When twenty-four years of age he went to Calais, Maine, and engaged in the livery and staging business. Mr. Spratt lived in Calais until 1858, when he moved to Bangor, where he has since lived, continuing in the same business. He also has a farm in connection with the livery. Mr. Spratt married Harriet B. Marston, daugh- ter of John and Hannah Marston, of Falmouth, Maine. To this couple have been born eight children, six of whom are living, viz : Caroline M., George, Will, Lizzie E., Mary R., Susan P., and Hattie W. Mrs. Spratt died in 1866. Mr. Spratt was married again in 1867 to Mrs. Maria M. Johnston {nee Maria M. Young), of Waterford, Vermont, who had one daughter, Virginia H. Terrence F. Cassidy, of Bangor, is a son of James and Ellen Cassidy, of Ireland. They had nine children, six sons and three daughters, viz : James, Terrence, John, Mary Jane, Ellen, Barney, Thomas, William, and one that died in infancy. Terrence F., the second son of this family, was born September 22, 1849. He learned the blacksmith trade when a young man in Bangor, Boston, and California. He first settled in busmess in Bangor in 1870, where he has since lived, working at his trade of blacksmithing, giving especial attention to shipsmith- ing business (cant dog manufacture). Mr. Cassidy mar- ried Margaret Landers, of Bangor, daughter of Patrick and Temperance Landers. They have two children liv- ing, viz : John W, and Mary J. They have lost one daughter, Nellie by name. Mr. Cassidy is at present Councilman from this ward. He was first lieutenant in Company C, Ninth Maine State Militia, from 1877 to 1879. His present place of business is on Front street, Bangor. Otis D. Maddox, of Bangor, is a native of the State. He is a son of John Maddox, who was a carpenter by trade. He married Mary K. Gould. Their family con- sisted of nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom Otis D. is the oldest son. He was born in Unity, Maine. He married Jane Mears, daughter of Elder Mears, of Morrill. Mr. Maddox first went to Belfast, Maine, with his father when quite a lad. At the age of thirteen he went to sea, and followed the sea for about eighteen years, when he left that occupation and engaged in shoemaking in Belfast. In 1859 he came to Bangor and continued the business. He had previously worked here. Mr. Maddox has two sons — Fred and Charles, both now in Bangor. He has for many years been con- nected with the fire department in Bangor. He was for several years assistant engineer, and is now chief engineer of the very efficient department here. David H. Smith, of Bangor, is a son of James and Mehitabel (Jones) Smith, of Bangor. James Smith kept a meat market here for many years. He was one of the early settlers in Bangor, there being but two stores and one church here when he came. He is still living. Mrs. Smith died in 1869. They had six children, viz: James, Jr., deceased; Eliza Jane, deceased; Charlotte, wife of P. B. Burleigh ; Warren, deceased ; David H. ; and Elbra Augusta, now Mrs. A. B. Sutton, of Orono. David B. Smith has always been a farmer, and lived in Bangor. He has a fine farm only three miles from town. Mr. Smith married Olivia McCorison, of Bangor. They have but one child, Grace H. Charles H. Adams, of the firm of Lunt & Adams, is a son of Charles K. and Mary E. (Bailey) Adams, of Ban- gor. Charles K. Adams is a native of Concord, Massa- chusetts. He came to Bangor in 1826, and is now in the carriage painting business here. He has five chil- dren, viz: Emma J., Lizzie H., Charles H., Frank A., and George K. Charles H. Adams was born January 6, 1859, in Bangor. After attending the schools (common and high) of the city, he clerked for E. C. Nichols & Co. for three years, then for J. P. Moore four years. In 1880 he formed the present partnership with Mr. Lunt in the fancy grocery business. They are both young, energetic men, and are already receiving a fair share of trade in their line. George L. Phillips, the bakery man on Exchange street, Bangor, is a son of George and Rachel (Lincoln) Phil- lips, who had six children, of whom George L. was the third. His father was a teacher, and at one time was en- gaged in trade in Bangor. George L. was born in 181 1, in this city. On becoming of age he opened the baker business, which he has since continued. He is the old- est business man on Exchange street, having been located where he now is since 1839. He, with his brother, built the block where he is now located in 1846, it being the first brick block on the street between York and State streets, on the east side of the street. Mr. Phillips has seemed to live and prosper on "bread alone." He mar- ried Lucinda Knowlton, of Northport. They have one son living, now in the medical college in Boston. The well known dealer in stock and dressed meat in 8i8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE, BangOT, Mr. Lorin A. Davis, came from Exeter, in this county, to Bangor in 1879. He is a son of the late Rich- ard Davis, of Exeter, who was a farmer and drover. Mr. Davis spent his early life on the farm in Exeter. He early began to deal in stock, and since coming to Bangor he purchased the slaughter-house formerly owned by James Smith. This he has enlarged and greatly im- proved until he now is able to dress about fifteen thou- sand sheep and fifteen hundred cattle, with hogs and calves in proportion. He ships his mutton mostly to Boston, and some beef, though he sells most of his beef in the home market. Mr. Davis imports many of his sheep from the Provinces. He has, m this business, be- come widely known, not only in Penobscot county, but all over Eastern Maine. His slaughter-house is furnished with all the latest appliances for the proper handling and care of meat. Mr. Davis married Miss Joanna Chase, of Brooklyn, New York. They have one daughter. Elijah W. Hasey is a son of William Hasey, who came to Bangor when twenty-one years old, in 1782. He was born in 1761. He married Prudence Webster, of Ban- gor. They had ten children, viz : Martha, Ebenezer, Andrew W., Margaret, Susan, Jane, Rebecca, Hannah, W^illiam, and Elijah, all of whom are deceased except the latter. Mr. Hasey always followed farming, though in his early days he lumbered some. He died in 1850, at the age of eighty-nine; Mrs. Hasey died in 1852, aged eighty-six. Elijah W. Hasey was born May 16, i8og, in Bangor. He has always lived in this town, following the business of lumbering, farming, hotel-keeping, the livery business, etc. He is now engaged in farming. He mar- ried for his first wife Hannah B. Martin, of Newport. She died in 1865. By her Mr. Hasey had twelve chil- dren, viz: Frances, deceased; Thomas B., deceased; Wilham H. Harrison, also deceased; Prudence W., wife of Arthur A. Pond, of Minneapolis; Hannah B., de- ceased; Ambrocine, wife of George FoUett, of Haverhill, Massachusetts; Nancy J., deceased wife of A. Randlet, of Massachusetts; Elijah, now of Minneapolis; Charles E., in Minneapolis; Ward B., in Minneapolis; Annie, de- ceased; Emma, wife of George Crosby, of Bangor. Mr. Hasey married for his second wife Mrs. Carliste Lead- better, who died in 187 1 or 1872. He afterwards mar- ried Mrs. Julia Hodgsdon, of Kenduskeag, who is still living. Mr. Hasey is living on his farm, about five miles from Bangor on the Pushaw road. Isaac M. Currier, of Bangor, is a son of William and Nancy (Henderson) Currier. They had eight children, of whom Isaac is the oldest. He was born October 29, 1816. His father was a manufacturer of linseed oil; he died when Isaac was six years old, and he was brought up by his grandfather on a farm until he was fourteen years old. At that age he started out for himself, and learned the joiner's trade and mill work; he worked as millwright for about fourteen years in Bangor and Win- terport. In 1845 he bought a tannery at East Orrington, which he carried on about eight years and then sold out. In 1859 he built the tannery in Bangor, since which time he has lived here and carried on the tannery busi- ness. Mr. Currier married Almatia Ware, of East Or- rington, daughter of Captain Warren .Ware. She died in 1866, and he married for his second wife MissHeleh A. Saunders, of Bangor. By his first wife he had six children, all of whom are deceased. Mr. Currier has been connected with the city government as Alderman and Councilman for several years ; he is well known in this vicinity. Charles E. Perry, of Bangor, is a son of John and Susan L. (Paul) Perry, John Perry was a native of New Hampshire. During the latter part of his life he followed the sea. He had four children, viz : Mary E., wife of A. J. Quinzy, of Bangor; Charles E.; Leland H., now in San Francisco, California ; Orel F,, of Bangc>r, Charles E. Perry, the oldest son of this family, was born October 12, 1840, in Bangor. He has followed the meat busi- ness, though at present he does not slaughter, but buys and ships meat largely. He married Mary A. Wentworth, daughter of Captain E. Wentworth. They have three children, viz : Charles E., George B., and Fred H. Mr. Perry was for two years a member of Company G, Second Maine Volunteers, and was dis- charged for disability in 1863. Alonzo Morton, of Bangor, is a son of Thomas and Hannah (Westcott) Morton. Thomas Morton is a native • of Gorham, Maine. He followed tife sea during his younger days, but during his latter life he was a farmer. He had six children, viz: Harvey, Ann, Emily, Lucinda, Alonzo, and Charlotte, all of whom are deceased except Alonzo. Alonzo Morton was born September 27, 1815. He spent his early life on a farm in Jackson, Waldo county, Maine, where he settled as a farmer, and lived on the old homestead, which he still owns, though at present Hving in Bangor. Mr. Morton came to Ban- gor in [866, and purchased the farm where he now lives, on the Fuller rord. He owns in all, here and in the old place in Jackson, over five hundred acres of land. Mr, Morton married Miss Mary Croxford, daughter of John Croxford, Esq., of Jackson. They have four chil- dren hving : Irving, living on the old place in Jacks&n ; Everett, also on the old farm; Cora W.; and Asa C, of Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Morton has been connected prominently with public town affairs in Jackson, serving many years as Selectman. In 1864 he was elected to the Legistature and served one term there. In 1876 and 1877 he was a member of the city council. Lysander Palmer, of Bangor, is a son of Henry O. and Rebecca (Ridout) Palmer, of Exeter, this county. Henry O. Palmer is a farmer, and still lives in Exeter. Mr. and Mrs. Palmer had ten children, of whom Lysander is the third son. Their names are : Charles H., in Exeter; James W., now of Bucksport; Lysander, and Augustine, in Exeter. The daughters were: Jenett, wife of Calvin Buzzell, of Exeter; Amarette, wife of Charles Davis, of Exeter; Mary Frances, now Mrs. Silas B. Warren, of Buckport; Clara, married to John Brown, of Exeter. Lysander Palmer was born August 23, 1842. He was brought up on the farm in Exeter. On becoming of age he purchased a farm in Exeter and settled there, where he lived until 187 1, when he came to Bangor, and bought the farm where he now lives, out two and one- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 819 half miles from the city. He married Abbie Andrews, daughter of John Andrews, of Exeter, for his first wife. She died in 1876, leaving one son, Fred L. Mr. Palmer married, for his second wife, Alice E. Partridge, daughter of Daniel Partridge, of Bucksport. They have one daughter, Nettie. Elijah Smith, of Bangor, is a son of James and Bar- bara (Braddock) Smith, of Dixmont, Maine. They have six children, viz: Elijah; Ann, wife of Joseph Chadbourn, of Saco, Maine; Augustus, of Bangor; Sarah, in Dix- mont; David, deceased; and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are now living in Dixmont, this county. Elijah Smith, the oldest son of this family, was born October 29, 1829, in Dixmont. He worked out when he was seven- teen for $55 for twelve months, with the privilege of go- ing to school three months in the winter, and spent $35 of this for a cow for his mother. He worked out as a farm laborer for eight or ten years, working in the lumber woods winters. He first settled in Dixmont, where he lived about five years, then went to Jackson and lived one year. From Jackson he went to Corinth and bought a farm, where he lived five years. From Corinth he came to Bangor in 1869, and bought part of the place where he now lives. He has since added to this until he now owns two hundred acres of fine land, all within two miles of Uangor. Mr. Smith does the largest business at killing and shipping beef cattle of any man in the county. He has one of the best arranged slaughter-houses in the State. He annually does a business in this line of about $35,000. He married Ann D. McCorison, daughter of Lemuel McCorison, of Exeter, who died March 3, 1881, leaving two children, one son and one daughter — Sanford C. and Carrie. Alexander H. Chase, of Bangor, is a son of Peter and Susanna (Royal) Chase. Peter Chase was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts, and came to Bangor in 1820. He was born in 1772, and died in 1863. Mrs. Chase was born in 1788, and died in 1862. Mr. Chase followed farming and lumbering for a business. Alexan- der H. Chase, their son, married Jane C. Farrar, Octo- ber 18, 1838. She died September 21, 1844, and Mr. Chase married again, in 1846, Lavina Baston. Mr. Chase has three sons and three daughters, viz: Susie J., in Bangor; Marietta, now Mrs. Leavitt, of Newburg ; Alexander K., of Texarkana, Arkansas; Edward M., of Boston; Annie L., now Mrs. Oilman, of Bangor; and J. Colby, of Bangor. Mr. Chase is engaged in farming and manufacturing. - W. F. Shaw, dealer in boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc., at No. 20 Main street, Bangor, is a son of Thomas H. and Temperance Shaw, of Portland, who had four children, viz: Adelaide B.,now Mrs. Walter Emerson, of Bangor; William F.; Estelle A.; and Elizabeth F., deceased. William F. Shaw was born December 29, 1840, in Bangor. After finishing his school life he went to Boston and lived ten years, where he was employed as book-keeper for C. & M. Cox, wholesale dealers. He was with R. Hoe & Company also two years before engaging with C. & M. Cox. He has always been engaged in the boot and shoe business, either here or elsewhere. He commenced business for himself m Bangor, in 1873. Mr. Shaw married Lizzie A. Wright, daughter of Elbridge G. Wright, of Boston. They have one child — Bertha W. Walter K. Shaw, son of Elisha Shaw, was born in New- port, Maine, August 29, 1857. He came to Bangor in 1879, and engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe and leather business with Mr. D. Dudley, and his father as silent partner, under the firm name of Dudley, Shaw & Company. They have a large store on Main street, and are doing a successful business. Mr. Shaw is not married. TOWNSHIP BIOGRAPHIES. CHAPTER XXXIX. Hon. Daniel [Sargent, Brewer— Major Hiram Ruggles, Carmel— Lieu- tenant G. H. Ruggles, Carmel— Governor D. F. Davis, Corinth— Hon. John Morison, Corinth— Hon. John Thissell, Corinth— Josiah Crosby, Dexter— V. A. Sprague, Dexter— Hon. Charles Shaw, Dex- ter— Dr. George A. Haines, Dexter— Reuben Flanders, Dexter— Hon F. W. Hill, Exeter— Hon. William Plaisted, Lincoln— Horatio S. Ayer, Lincoln— Hon. Asa Smith, Mattawamkeag— E. W. Shaw, Newport— Jesse R. Wadleigh, Oldtown— Moses P. Wadleigh, Old- town— Hon. Joseph L. Smith, Oldtown— Dr. Albion P. Folsom, Oldtown— Major Melville Mark Folsom, Oldtown— Eben Webster, Orono— President M. C. Fernald, Orono— John R. Hammond, Pat- ten— Hon. John Gardner, Patten— Edward J ordon. Stetson— Nicho- las R.Huston, Winn— George H. Haines, Winn— General Isaac Hodsdon, Corinth— Jonathan Eddy, Bangor. HON. DANIEL SARGENT. This gentleman, for forty-three years, was a resident of Brewer Village, and long one of the most prominent and successful lumbermen in the Penobscot Valley, is of old Massachusetts stock, his great-great-grandfather, William Sargent, coming from England in 1642, to Amesbury, where many of his descendants have continued to reside. Daniel himself was born at Amesbury, February 3, 1811, youngest of a family of five sons and three daughters, children of Ichabod B. and Ruth (Patten) Sargent, who occupied a farm in that town. He assisted in the work of the farm in his boyhood and young manhood, attend- ing the common schools about three months in a year until he was sixteen years old, when he was a pupil at the Amesbury Academy for two short terms. At eighteen years of age he began to teac-h school in his native town, and for five successive winters wielded the birch. He remained with his father and labored diligently the re- mainder of the time until his father's death, and then till 1838, when he emigrated to Maine. Meanwhile, how- ever, he had filled some positions of public trust, as a member of the Board of Superintending School Commit- tee of Amesbury, and as Treasurer and Collector of the town. He was there married, February 19, 1835, to Susan Hopkins Patten, daughter of Robert and Rhoda (Sargent) Patten. Mrs. Sargent is still living, in good health of mind and body for her years. They have had four children — one daughter and three sons, viz : Susan Patten Sargent, born at Amesbury, January 12, 1836, and still residing with her parents; Harlan Page Sargent, also born at Amesbury, June 22, 1838; Daniel Allston Sargent, born in Brewer November 9, 1843; and Albert Paine Sargent, also born in Brewer, July 12, 1850. All the children are now living. The father of Mr. Sargent died in 1836. Daniel car- ried on the farm for two years, when, in November, 1838, 8» he removed to Brewer Village, where he has since con- tinuously resided. He here opened a general grocery store at once, although he had intended to recommence farming, and soon, with others, engaged in vessel build- ing. He remained in the business until 1846 alone, and then accepted George O. Goodwin as a partner, under the firm name and style of Sargent & Goodwin. This copartnership existed until 1854. Meanwhile, in 1848, Mr. Sargent had bought an interest in the saw-mill of Mr. Charles G. Sterns, and a new firm was formed called Sargent, Sterns & Co., for the grocery and milling busi- ness. In 1 853 the partners purchased the-"" Br.uce Mills" at the Cove, thus increasing their operations very largely. The next year Mr. Goodwin's interests were bought out by his partners, and Messrs. Sargent & Sterns remained together in the manufacture of lumber and in storekeep- ing for fifteen years. In 1862 they purchased the steam saw-mill in Hampden, now owned and managed exclu- sively by Mr. Sterns. Two years thereafter the firm of Sargent & Sterns was dissolved, and a division of the mill property made, Mr. Sargent taking the mills and premises at Brewer, and Mr. Sterns the Hampden property, which he still owns. During many years of their partnership they added to their business ship-building, in company with Master Simon Moulton, Captain Daniel Shedd, George V. Goodwin, and others. After the dissolution of Sargent & Sterns, Mr. Sargent continued in the business alone for several years. In 1867 he bought the saw-mill and water-privilege at East Orrington, and in 187 1 added the steam saw-mill on the river at Orrington. He now manufactured about nine million feet of lumber a year. The latter mill and the extended adjacent shore property were sold in 1880 to the Arctic Ice Company of Bangor. Upon the same stream as supplies the East Orrington mill (the Segeunke- dunk), at the Cove in Brewer Village, Mr. Sargent's rtill is situated near the identical spot where Colonel John Brewer, one of the original settlers and for whom the town was named, in 1783 built the first saw-mill in what is now Penobscot county. The property consists of a dam at the outlet of the Brewer's Pond in Orrington about four miles distant, which dam is 850 feet long, and in- cluding one hundred acres of the adjoining land; this dam is one hundred and five feet above high-water mark in the Penobscot River; also the dam at the foot of the meadow at East Orrington, with the perpetual right of flowage of 850 acres of meadow; the saw-mill at East Or- rington, with a fall of sixteen feet; the privilege in Brewer, on the old Stern dam, upon which a grist-mill was erected HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 821 in 1875, with a fall of fourteen feet; and the two saw-mills at the Cove, where there is a further fall of seventeen feet. Some interesting details are furnished by Mr. Walker Wells in his Report on the Water Power of Maine, in which he notes of the powers on the Segeunkedunk: "Freshets harmless; stream very constant; in full work- ing condition even when the mills on the Penobscot are stopped for want of water." In 1872 Deacon Sargent admitted to the business, as partners, his two sons, Harlan and Daniel, who had for a number of years been assisting in its management. The new firm name was D. Sargent & Sons. At the begin- ning of 1 88 1 the father retired from the firm and from his more active business life, and the other two members now carry on the business under the name of D. Sar- gent's Sons. In 1876 the late firm became pioneers in the now somewhat extensive business of putting up and shipping ice on the Penobscot. They erected temporary ice-houses, and that year housed about sipc thousand tons. In 1879-80 they erected other buildings with a total ca- pacity of sixteen thousand tons. The firm of D. Sar- gent's Sons still carry on the ice and lumber business with profit atid success. It is an interesting fact that Deacon Sargent, although now quite advanced in years and otherwise retired from business, still continues the grocery business, and retains his interest in the old store, his youngest son, Albert P., being associated with him and attending to the details of the concern. Mr. Sargent was one of the original members of the Congregational church formed at Brewer Village in 1843; was chosen a Deacon of the church the same year, and has remained continuously in that office, having long been Senior Deacon. He has always contributed liber- ally -for the support of the Gospel, and donated the lot on which the parsonage is built. When the church edi- fice and parsonage were erected he was Chairman of the Building Committee in each instance. In 1847 he bought what was then known as the "Judge Perham place," from which the old mansion was removed, and put up in its stead the spacious and elegant home in which he has since resided, occupying one of the most commanding and beautiful sites ofi''the Penobscot, from which the city of Bangor and a reach of the noble river for three miles are plainly in view. Deacon Sargent was originally a Whig, but has been a Republican since the organization of that party. He has not aimed, however, to be a political manager, much less an office-seeker, but in 1873 served the people of the Brewer and Orrington district acceptably as Representa- tive in the State Legislature. He has also repeatedly served on the Board of Selectmen and the Superintend- ing School Committee of the town. MAJOR HIRAM RUGGLES. This venerable gentleman, now a retired farmer and lumberman in comfortable circumstances at Carmel vil- lage, is of an old Massachusetts family, his parents and their ancestors residing the last century in Hardwick, Worcester county, in that State. The Rev. Paul Rug- gles, his father, a Baptist minister, was born there in 1772, and at the age of twenty-four, in 1796, was mar- ried to Miss Mercy Dexter, of the same place. They came to Maine two years afterwards, an ox-sled bearing to the wilderness their little stock of furniture. They had then but one child, their first born, John D. Rug- gles. They came to Hampden, in this county, but shortly pushed up into Hermon, where they staid some time with a family named Garland. About the ist of May, 1798, finding no road yet cut into the tract now called Carmel, Mr. Ruggles made a "dug-out," and with his wife and their effects paddled up the Sowadabs- cook to a point near the mouth of the beautiful stream still called from him Ruggles's Brook. They were the first white settlers in the town. Here in the wilderness they built their rude cabin, and here the rest of their family was born, in the locality now known far and wide as the Ruggles place. They had in all ten children who grew to maturity — six sons and four daughters, and a son who died in childhood. The father was the first preacher of the Baptist faith in this region. In 1806 he organized from the people of Carmel and vicinity a church of that order, and was very active in preaching in it and elsewhere throughout a wide tract of Eastern Maine. He was the first Baptist minister to deliver a sermon in Bangor, and in about nine years he preached no less than 1,200 discourses, and was also mainly in- strumental in gathering the Newport, Stetson, Exeter, Hermon, (now Second Hampden), and Charleston Baptist churches. He died in the prime of his years, at home, May 21, 1820, leaving a blessed memory. The mother was a faithful and true ht-lpmate of her husband, and remained in widowhood for more than fifty years, dying at last June 8, 1870, in the house of her son, Major Ruggles, at the great age of ninety-three. Hiram was born in Carmel October 14, 1813, the sixth son and ninth child of Paul and Mercy (Dexter) Ruggles. His early education was received altogether in the schools of his native town, where his formal train- ing began and ended in the plam, simple, " college of the people." He has always had an ambition for learning, however, and by diligent reading and study has so im- proved his later opportunities as to become a well-in- formed and thoroughly intelligent man. At an early age the family came to depend in some measure upon him, and he was called to much hard labor upon the farm in his boyhood and youth. He remained steadily at home with his widowed mother, being the main business manager of the household after he was seventeen, and making no change in his relations with it when he became of age. He never lost the hope of further education in the schools until he was about twenty-five years old, when he married and finally settled down upon the old place as its proprietor, his mother residing with him then and to the day of her death. He remained a farmer here, except as he was summoned from time to time into more public life, until 1853, when he decided to remove to the village. He disposed of his farm, and engaged as a lumber operator, 822 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. cutting and manufacturing, with a general store at the village in connection with his business. He became quite largely employed thus, finally coming to own an in- terest, entire or partial, in almost every mill in the town. He pursued his various operations very successfully, winning by industry and integrity .a moderate fortune, upon which he at length retired in 1877. The abilities and popularity of Mr. Ruggles early prompted his fellow-citizens to call upon him for public service. He was not much more than of age when he became an official participant in the affairs of his native town. He was Chairman of the Carmel Board of Select- men when but twenty-three years of age, and has ever since been more or less occupied with the management of the town's business. In 1839, when he was but twenty- six years old, he was appointed by Governor Fairfield a Justice of the Peace and of the Quorum, for a term of seven years; and in i860 he was made a Trial Justice. For three years, 1850-53, inclusive, he served as one of the County Commissioners of Penobscot county. In 1846 he was elected a member of the State Legislature as a Representative from Carmel and Hampden; and seven years thereafter, in 1853, he was chosen State Senator from the Ninth District, which returned him in 1854 to the same body. In 1863 he was elected by the Legislature a member of the Executive Council, and en- joyed the unprecedented and since not repeated honor of four successive re-elections to that distinguished post. He thus served one year with Governor Coburn, three years with Governor Cony, and his last year with Gov- ernor Chamberlain. During this service, October 10, 1865, he received the unsolicited appointment as Post- master at Carmel village, and served the people thus for two or three years. In 1867 he was appointed a mem- ber of the very important commission on the Assumption by the State of the Municipal War Debts. Upon the or- ganization, in 1862, of the Fourth Internal Revenue Dis- trict, which included Penobscot county, he was appointed Deputy Assessor of the District. He resigned this upon election to the Executive Council, but in 1869, April 7th, he was recalled to more responsible duties in the same office by appointment as Assessor. March 25, 1873, he was promoted to the Collectorship, and upon the con- solidation of his District with another he was made Col- lector of the new one, with his office in each instance in the Government Building at Bangor. Upon a further consolidation of districts he was legislated out of office, and upon his retirement received the following handsome compUment from the Bangor Whig and Courier of July 3. 1877: It is safe to say that the Government of the United States retains in its service no officer who stands higher in personal character, integrity, and public respect than the gentleman whose official relations were ter- minated on Saturday last. This closed Major Ruggles's official life of nearly forty years. Besides the positions named, he had often been nominated by his fellow-partisans to similar or other pub- lic places. He was a Democrat down to the Adminis- tration of President Pierce ; but was among the earliest in Maine to break with his party on the slavery question, and he aided to organize the Republican party in the State, with which he has since steadily and consistently acted. His return to the Senate in 1854 was upon an independent ticket, as a pronounced anti-slavery man; and he there carried out his principles in casting the one decisive vote which finally made the Hon. W. P. Fessetj- den United States Senator. It may here be mentioned that Major Ruggles's mil- itary title is due to his faithful service with the old-time militia, in which he was made Ensign in 1837, subse- quently Adjutant, a Captain in 1841, and finally Major the next year. Major Ruggles has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1838, has been in its official boards almost the whole time, and when the system of lay representation was introduced, he was made a dele- gate to the Baltimore Quadrennial Conference in 1876. He has taken a very cordial interest in denominational education, and is a Trustee of and the Treasurer of the East Maine Conference Seminary at Bucksport, to which he has been a liberal benefactor. He also gave a large sum in one amount to the Wesleyan University at Mid- dletown, Connecticut, and has otherwise, and in many ways, been generous in his benevolence. He is also a ■ Free and Accepted Mason, a member of the Lodge at Carmel and of the Chapter in Bangor. Major Ruggles was united in marriage on the 12th day of December, 1838, in his twenty-sixlh year, to Miss Lydia H., third daughter of Eben C. and Delia (Hoxie) Hinckley, of old Maine and Massachusetts families, the father being lineally descended from Governor Hinckley, of colonial fame. They have had two children — Gar- diner H., the subject of a sketch below; and Annie E., deceased, aged twenty-seven years, wife of Edward S. Rich, of an importing firm in Boston. Major and Mrs. Ruggles have no children surviving. LIEUTENANT G. H. RUGGLES. This noble young man, one of the most valuable and heroic sacrifices made by the Penobscot Valley, or indeed the whole State of Maine, in the cause of the Union, was born at the old homestead in Carmel, December 5, 1840. He attended the common schools of the town and labored on the farm until about eighteen years of age, when he went to Waterville to enter a preparatory school in that city, with a view to a collegiate course. He was never very strong, however, and did not physically bear well the confinement and burdens of study, and so deter- mined not to undertake the more arduous scholastic career. After a period of rest he became a student at the seminary at Bucksport and remained there several terms. He taught school for two terms in Bucksport and Orland, respectively; but had not undertaken the special studies of any profession as yet when the country called her sons to arms. He was not twenty-two years old and not a very stalwart man in health and strength when he enlisted in Company F., of the Eighteenth Maine Regiment, afterwards the First Maine Heavy Artillery. The position and personal influence of his HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 823 father would easily have secured him a commission from the beginning ; but he declared his fixed purpose to com- mence in the ranks. He was soon made a Sergeant, however; on the 28th of February, 1863, promoted to be First or Orderly Sergeant; and on the i8th day of Janu- ary, 1864, he received from Governor Cony a commis- sion as Second Lieutenant of his Company. In this capacity he was with it in the terrible charge of the Fed- eral troops upon the Confederate breast-works in front of Petersbui-g, June 18, 1864, a short, sharp, and awfully fatal action, which left but thirteen men of the company fit for duty. Lieutenant Ruggles had already, in the heavy battle at Spottsylvania, been slightly wounded in the neck, but was not long delayed from the frequent skirmishes and greater actions in which the army was •engaged in that bloody campaign. He was often under fire but escaped without serious harm until this day of doom. Then, says the report of General John L. Hods- don, Adjutant-General of the State in which his memory is commemorated, "while nobly cheering his men in the charge upon the fortifications at Petersburg, he fell dead . at the head of his company, pierced by an enemy's bul- let." The command with which he charged was re- pulsed, and the dead and seriously wounded by necessity were left behind. The enemy refused to recognize flags ■of truce for their recovery, and it was impossible to bring in his remains. His body lies where many of the bravest and best of fallen soldiers have desired to lie — where he fell, at the post of duty. His death caused a most profound sensation of grief at his old home and wherever he had become known. Mr. John H. Lynde, then editor of the Bangor Whig and Courier, who knew him intimately and had formed a very high esteem for him, inserted this feeling and appreciative notice in his paper : Young Ruggles enlisted as a private in Company F, from the purest motives of patriotism, and received promotion entirely without solicita- tion. An only son, surrounded by all the comforts of life — with influ- ential friends to secure advancement — seemed to be strong reasons why he should remain quietly at home. But he felt that duty called him to the field — that the country needed his services — and was wilhng, if ineoessary, to lay down his life to perpetuate the free institutions for which our forefathers fought and bled. He was a soldier and a gentle- man in its broadest sense. He was about twenty-four years of age. His loss will be deeply felt ill the home circle and in the community where he formerly lived. The Adjutant-General of the State commemorated his deeds and his memory more permanently in his re- port, in a notice of some length, from which we extract the following : During all the weary months that his regiment was stationed in the •fortifications around Washington, his activity for the welfare of his men knew, no abatement, and when the order was issued for the com- mand to advance to the front, he with his comrades most gladly re- sponded, that they might thus enter upon active service. Lieutenant Ruggles was a good scholar, a true gentleman, and a brave soldier. Gallant, cool, and reliable, he enjoyed the confidence of his superior officers and the love of his men. Although buried in an unknown grave, his deeds and character are embalmed in the mem- ories of mourning relatives and a grateful people. The young lieutenant had given unusual promise. Al- though of a quiet and retiring disposition, he possessed an acute mind and a rare facihty of expression, which pccasionally surprised even his friends with the wit and wisdom of his sayings. Like his father, he had a marked native aptitude for affairs, was exceedingly well in- formed in history and public questions, and would, un- doubtedly, had he lived, have done eminent service in civil life to his State and country. From boyhood he had kept a diary, which is unusually interesting for its record of current events and of opinion. He was thor- oughly companionable and genial, and of eminent purity of speech and character, so that his friends had no fear of the evil influences upon him of the customary demor- alizations of the camp. He died as he had lived, a typical young American citizen, enduring all hardships, and encountering all dangers for the sake of his country and of humanity. How sleep the brave, who sink to rest. By all their country's wishes blest ! When spring, with dewy fingers cold. Returns to deck the hallowed mould. She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. By fairy hands their knell is rung; By forms unseen their dirge is sung; There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray. To bless the turf that's o'er their clay; And Freedom shall awhile repair, To dwell a weeping hermit there. GOVERNOR D. F. DAVIS. The Hon. Daniel Franklin Davis, late Governor oi the State of Maine, is a native of the Commonwealth which has so honored him. He was born at Freedom, Waldo county, Maine, on the 12th day of September, 1843, the second child and oldest son of the Rev. Moses Franklin and Mary (French) Davis. Mr. Davis was a minister of the Christian Church, and had charge of several small societies of that faith and order at and near Freedom. He had been a preacher from the age of nineteen, and remained such to the day of his death in March, 1874. He was one of the pioneers and leaders in the Christian Church in Eastern Maine. He was of English descent, the progenitor in America, Colonel James Davis, immigrating to New Hampshire some time in the ■ seventeenth century. His descendants settled largely in that State and in Massachusetts. The mother was related to the Brewsters and the Frenches of the old Colony of Massachusetts Bay. She is still living with her relatives in Corinth. Young Davis was trained in the common schools, mainly in Stetson, to which town his father removed in 1854; but more effectively at the school of the fireside, where his father, who had been a teacher, assisted by the mother, gave him invaluable instruction. He kept up his studies also while at the work of the farm, in which he had to engage much at home and elsewhere, as the family were in limited circumstances. He effected an entrance into the Academy at East Corinth in 1863, but had been there but a few weeks when he left school to join a company of troops for the war then being raised at his old home. He enlisted as a private soldier October 15, 1863, and served until January, 1 865, at the close of the war. He 824 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. had kept up his studies to some extent in camp, and now- entered the Academy at Corinth, where he was a pupil for about a year, interrupting his course only to teach a school himself in the winter. He then attended at the Kent's Hill Seminary for about a year and a half, teach- ing again of winters. He had also during this time some very competent private instruction under Professor Sawyer, of the Corinna Academy. In the winter of 1867-68 Mr. Davis began to read law with the Hon. Lewis Barber, then a resident of Stet- son, and was admitted to the Bar of the State the next year. He commenced practice in East Corinth on the 29th of August, 1869. After holding some local offices and taking the stump from time to time for the Republi- can party, he was elected to the lower House of the State Legislature in 1874, and took an active part in leg- islation and the discussion of pending questions. Four years thereafter he represented Penobscot county in the State Senate, where he took a leading position. The same year (1878) he was more actively in the Republican canvass than ever before, speaking in several counties of Eastern Maine. In 1879 he was nominated' as a candi- date for Governor on the Republican ticket. He re- ceived a majority of 46,000 votes over the Democratic candidate and 21,000 votes over the Greenback nominee, and was elected Governor by the Legislature. In that campaign he addressed more than one hundred audiences, in his own State and others, being called to much polit- ical service of the kind in Ohio and Massachusetts. He was re-nominated in. 1880, and was constantly in the field from the Fourth of July until the day of election. The Greenback and Democratic parties having fused, the elec- tion was very close; and in the number of votes cast he was only about 130 votes behind his competitor, the present incumbent. General Plaisted, of Bangor. He has since devoted himself to his profession. In January, 1 88 1, he opened an office in Bangor, in partnership with Charles A. Bailey, Esq., of Oldtown, which is still main- tained. Governor Davis was married in East Corinth, New Year's Day, 1867, to Miss Laura B., only daughter of William and Mary (Ireland) Goodwin, of that place. Her mother was also the child of a minister of the Christian denomination. They have had eight children, five of whom are still living. Two others died in infancy, one unnamed, the other named Bertha ; and still another. Winter S. Davis, died in April, 1876, aged about two years. The surviving children are William Franklin, now thirteen years old ; Frederick Hall, a lad of ten years ; Margaret Ellen, aged five ; Edmund Ireland, three years old ; and Willis Roswell, who is still an infant. All the children were born in East Corinth. HON. JOHN MORISON. Robert Morison was born in Borland, Mame, April 6, 1778, where he resided until twenty-two years of age. In the year 1800 he moved to Livermore, Oxford coun- ty, and settled on a farm. He remained in Livermore until 1815, when he moved to Reedfield, where he pur- chased a farm and remained in Reedfield until 1821, when he sold out his farm, and in March, 1822, he moved to Sebec, and in company with his brother Wil- liam purchased a mill-site and erected a saw- and grist- mill and engaged in the mill business until his death, which occurred in 1838. Mr. Morison married Sallie Kent, a native of Reed- field, in the year 1801. His wife died October 7, 1875, at Sebec. He was the father of eight children, four boys and four girls : Sibyl, who married Daniel Pack- ard, and lives in Dover. Ruth, married Warren Kent, and lives in Sebec. Robert was twice married ; his first wife was Asenath Gillman; she died, and he afterwards married Abigail Dow, and resides in Sebec engaged in farming. Alvin, married Sallie Pittman, and died in Sebec. Alice, married Benjamin P. Gillman, and resides in Orono. Charles was twice married ; his first wife was Mary A. Lowney ; she died, and he afterwards married Emily Herrick; he died in Corinth in 1855. Sarah, who married John Hellier, died in Bangor. Hon. John Morison, the subject of this sketch, was born September 14, 1817, in the town of Livermore, Oxford county. In 1821 he moved to Sebec with his father, where he received a liberal education. He re- mained with his father until twenty-one years of age, and was taught the mill business in all its branches. When eighteen years of age he was chosen second lieu'- tenant of a company of militia at Sebec ; he was after- wards promoted to first lieutenant, and afterwards to the rank of captain. At the age of twenty-one years he started out in business for himself, with no capital but his brain and muscle. He found his father's estate em- barrassed, and an aged mother and one sister to supporL He went to work by the day, month, and year, as the opprotunity offered itself; saved his money, and cleared, the old homestead of its indebtedness, and left it as a home for his mother, where she lived until her death, which occurred in 1875. In 1847 he went to Orono, where he purchased the Island Mills property. The same year, in company with other parties, he purchased the township of land on the Passadumkeag River now known as the Morison and Gillman town. It contains thirty-two thousand acres of heavy timber. He remained in Orono until 1856, when he sold his mill property to James Hamilton, came to Corinth, purchased the beauti- ful farm — a view of which is on the opposite page, and in 1858 he moved on the premises, where he now lives, surrounded by all the comforts that heart could wish, and enjoying the blessings of a well-spent life. He is now engaged extensively in the lumbering business, and has in his employ from one hundred to one hundred and fifty men every year. He has been one of the con- tractors on the West Branch for four years. In 1861 he was elected by the towns of Corinth, Kenduskeag, Hud- son, and Alton to represent them in the State Legisla- ture, and in 1873 and 1874 he was elected State Senator. While a member of the House he was a member of the Committee of Interior Waters and Committee on Manu- factures. While in the Senate he was Chairman of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 825 above committee, also member of Committee on Indian Affairs and Fisheries. He also has held the office of Selectman of Corinth for four years. In politics he was originally an old-hne Whig, and became a member of the Republican party, of which he is now an active member. He was one of the Trustees of the West Penobscot Agricultural Society four years; and in 1873, when the Central Penobscot Agricultural Society was chartered, he was chosen its President. He served as Trustee of the State Agricultural Society three years, and is now one of the Directors of Penobscot Lumber Asso- ciation, and is also one of the Directors of the West Branch Log-Driving Company; he has also been Presi- dent and Director of the Passadumkeag Boom Associa- tion. He was twice married. His first wife was Emily Low- ney, a native of Sebec. She died in Orono in 1848. He afterwards married Eliza J. Ford, a native of Sebec, and is the father of six children : William Harrison, died in Corinth at the age of twelve years ; John Am- brose, died in Corinth when thirteen years of age ; Hor- ace Bray, lives at home ; Fannie Britton, died when two years and six months old ; Frank Pearl, and Abner Ford live at home. HON. JOHN THISSELL. Richard Thissell was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, where he lived several years. He was a seafaring man, and followed the sea many years. He abandoned the sea, moved to New Salem, Massachusetts, gave up his seafaring hfe, and turned his attention to farming, where he remained a few years, when he sold out, purchased a farm in Newbury, New Hampshire, then almost a wilder- ness, where he cleared up a farm and remained in that vi- cinity the balance of his life. He was twice married. His first wife was a Miss Lovett. She died in New Hampshire. He afterwards married Sarah Withington. They had eleven children. Richard married Mary Chase. He died in New Hampshire. Hezekiah L. mar- ried a lady from Connecticut and died in New York. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and afterwards com- manded a company in the Mexican war, after which he was appointed agent of the United States in Flor- ida for the protection of the property of the Government. Hannah, deceased; Apphia, deceased; Sarah, deceased; Rachael, deceased; William, deceased; Josiah, lives in Minnesota; John, hving; Rachael, 2d, deceased; Thorn- dyke, deceased. Hon. John Thissell, the subject of this sketch, was born, in Fishersfield, now called Newbury, New Hamp- shire, December 31, 1804. He lived in New Hampshire until he was twenty-one years of age, where he received a common school education. His business has always been farming, and he is one of the most successful farm- ers in the State of Maine. In 1831 he came to Corinth and settled on the East Ridge, on the farm now occupied by Stephen H. Worth. He cleared up the farm and erected the buildings now occupied by Worth. In 1869 104 he purchased the farm on which he now lives, and moved on to it the same year. In politics he was originally a member of the Demo- cratic party, but became a Republican at the organization of the party. He is a man highly respected by all, and has been repeatedly chosen by his party to fill many hon- orable offices, having held the office of Selectman of Corinth for nearly twenty years, and was chairman of the Board nearly all the time he held the office. In 1848 he was elected by his class, consisting of Corinth, Charleston, and Bradford, to represent them in the State Legislature. While a member of the Legislature he served on several important committees. In 1859 and i860 he was elected State Senator from his county. While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on State Lands and State Roads, State Prison, and was also member of several other important committees. He was also a member of the State Board of Agriculture for three years. He is an active Christian, having professed religion in 1841. He became a member of the Free-will Baptist Church, and since that time has contributed lib- erally to the support of the gospel. He was twice mar- ried. In 1831 he married his first wife, Allaseba B. Ramsdell, a native of Lunenburg, Massachusetts. She died in Corinth, and was the mother of two children. He afterwards married Mrs. Abby True, a native of Mont- ville, Maine, his present wife. He is the father of two children — Charles T., who married Mariett French and lives in Corinth, engaged in farming; Henty W., died m Corinth at the age of twenty- seven years. When Mr. Thissell started in life his sole capital was what Providence had given him — a strong constitution and an active brain. He started in life in the midst of a vast wilderness, but by industry and economy has suc- ceeded in securing for himself and family a large fortune^ He always took an active part in educational matters. During the term of his office as State Senator he secured a grant of one-half township of land for the support of the Corinth Academy. JOSIAH CROSBY was born November 24, 18 16, in Dover, New Hamp- shire, and is the son of Oliver Crosby and Hariot Chase, his wife. The family removed to Atkinson, Maine, in 1820. Josiah was fitted for college at Foxcroft Academy ; entered Bowdoin College in February, 1832, at the second term of the freshman class; was graduated with the class in 1835, and took the degree of A. M. at Bowdoin in 1838. He remained at home some months in ill-health and then studied law one year with Hon. Alfred Johnson, at Belfast, six months with Hon. Frederick Hobbs, at Bangor, six months with Hon. Charles . P. Chandler, at Dover, and was admitted to the Bar in Pis- cataquis county in September, 1838. He practiced law with Mr. Chandler, m copartnership six months, then moved to Levant (now Kenduskeag); tarried there a year and a half, and then removed to Exeter, from which place 826 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. he removed to Dexter in January, 1845, where he has remained to the present time, practicing in the courts of Penobscot, Piscataquis, and Somerset counties, and in the United States courts for Maine. He was married February 15, 1844, to Henrietta Hill, daughter of Henry Hill, Esq., of Exeter. By her he had two children who died in earliest infancy. His -wife died December 28, 1846. For his second wife he mar- ried Mary Bradbury Foss, daughter of Simon Foss, of Dexter, February 27, 1849, born March 22, 1834, by whom he has nine children, eight of whom are now living, as follows: Henrietta Hill, born February 18, 1850; May May I, 1852; Oliver, January 29, 1856 ; Simon Percy, September 24, 1858; Josiah Willis, May 29, 1862; Annie Cornelia, February 9, 1866; Philip Sidney, February 4, 1869, died July 25, 1870; Charles James Fox, December 12, 1871; Clara IngersoU, March 23, 1878. Henrietta Hill, educated in part at Antioch College, was married in 187 1 to Humphrey M. Blaisdell, a sur- veyor in Fairmount, Martin county, Minnesota, where they now reside. Oliver, a graduate of the State College at Orono in 1876, married Lizzie Wood, of Dexter, in 1878. He is a machinist, and they now reside in St. Paul, Minnesota. The other children are unmarried. May is in the Treasury Department at Washington, D. C. Simon Percy is in his senior year at the State College. Josiah Willis entered the freshman class at Bowdoin in 1868, and the others are at home. In politics Mr. Crosby was always a Whig until the Republican party came into existence, which, in a small way, he aided in forming, and remained an earnest mem- ber of the party to the present time. In 1857, 1863, and 1865 he was a member of the House of Representatives of Maine from the class composed of Dexter and Corinna. In 1867-68 he was a member of the Senate from Pe- nobscot county, serving on the Judiciary Committee dur- ing the years of his membership of either House, except in 1868, when he was President of the Senate. He al- ways took an active part in legislation and occasionally wrote out his speeches, which were published — one in 1857 in opposition to the bill to create an additional Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court (the purpose of the bill being to restore Judge Davis). In 1863, aided materially by Hon. Daniel Elliot, of Brunswick, then in the Senate, he introduced and carried through a bill to reduce the salary of the Land Agent, after an arduous struggle. The report of committee, drawn by him, and signed by Mr. Elliot and himself, was published. In 1865 he made a speech in opposition to report of Com- mittee on Elections ejecting Mr. Jordan, of Berwick, from his seat, which was published in the Kennebec Journal and copied into the Maine Democrat. In 1867 he made a speech on a resolve to amend the State Con- stitution so as to grant State aid to railroads, which was published in the Kennebec Journal, copied into the Bel- fast Progressive Age, and subsequently, by request, pub- lished in pamplet form. In 1856 he made a speech, published in the Kennebec Journal, favoring the re- sumption of Town debts to the extent of $200 per man instead of $100 as proposed by the bill In 1870, when not a member, he made a speech before the Committee on Railroads, in presence of most mem- bers of the Legislature, in opposition to consolidation of railroads, which by request was written out and pub- lished in the Kennebec Journal. This speech attracted as much attention from the public as any ever made by Mr. Crosby, and in the minds of some it had the credit of defeating the bill. In 1861 he pronounced an eulogy at the ceremony of erecting a monument to Lieutenant Lyman S. Richardson, of Garland, killed at the first Bull Run battle, published in the Bangor Whig and Courier. In 1874, at the request of the members of the Penobscot Bar he pronounced an eulogy before the Su- preme Court on the character of the late Daniel Barker, published in the Whig and Courier and Dexter Gazette, and a portion of it included in a biographical sketch in- troductory to a volume of his poems subsequently pub- lished. In 1878 he made a short address at the funeral of Benjamin F. Horton, in Dexter, published in the Dexter Gazette and a portion of it copied into a Boston newspaper. In law he has had a varied practice, in civil, equity and criminal cases, before the jury and before the full court, in the State courts and in the United States courts for Maine. He has defended two capital cases for arson successfully. In 1873, associated with Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, he defended Henry Hudson, a lawyer of Guilford, and Charles Foss, then Sheriff of Piscataquis county, in the United States District Court, on a charge of resisting a United States Deputy Marshal, a sort of "treason." Foss was acquitted. Hudson was convicted, unjustly in the opinion of Mr. Crosby. He has de- fended successfully two cases of indictments charging an assault, one with a pitchfork, one with a loaded pistol with intent to kill. In January, 1878, Arthur Annette, of Dexter, was arrested and examined before Judge Goodenow, of the Police Court, Bangor, on a charge of robbing the safe of the Eastern Express Company in Dexter of $4,000. Judge Goodenow came to Dexter to hear the case. Mr. Crosby defended him before the Judge, and wrote out his argument, which was published in the Dexter Gazette February 8, 1878. Annette was subsequently indicted for the robbery but was discharged without a trial, the public almost unanimously believing him innocent. Mr. Crosby has been counsel for the Dexter & Newport Railroad Company from its organiza- tion in 1867 to the present time. He took great interest in forwarding the enterprise, making a great many speeches to the farmers, endeavoring to make them be- lieve that the stock would pay them annually a dividend of six per cent., which has proved to be correct. On Memorial Day, May 30, 1878, he delivered an ad- dress before the members of H. F. Safiford Post, G. A. R., in Dexter, published in the Dexter Gazette May 31. He has occasionally written other articles or short essays on topics of temporary interest, and published the same in the newspapers over his own signature, of which he has retained no copies — particularly on favoring the policy of President Grant for the annexation of San Domingo, and earnestly advocating it. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 827 Mr. Crosby became a member of the Maine Historical Society in 1868. He has ever been a Unitarian in relig- ion, of temperate habits and very industrious, but not so industrious as to endanger his life, as too many men, es- pecially Yankees, do. In pecuniary affairs with some up and downs, he has upon the whole been moderately prosperous ; has enjoyed the comforts of life to a rea- sonable extent, some but not many of its luxuries, but visited "The Centennial " with his wife, and thence visited his daughter in Minnesota. He desires much to visit Europe. Mr. Crosby is a director in the First National Bank of Dexter. He settled in the country in prefer- ence to the city for the reason that he thought the physi- cal activity of a country practice would be more con- ducive to health than the more lucrative but more stationary habits of a city life. His family is the source of measureless happiness to him, far beyond the dreams of wealth. Upon the whole he has but little inclination or cause to find fault with the world. VOLNEY A. SPRAGUE. Elijah W. Sprague was born in Bethel, Oxford county, Maine, December 23, 1784. His father moved from Hingham, Massachusetts (the former home of all the good Spragues), to Bethel about 1782. When quite young Elijah went to live with his uncle William, in the town of Greene, where he lived until twenty years of age, then came to Dexter. He had learned the blacksmith's trade, and as soon as he had located he set up his forge in the open air and commenced doing the blacksmithing for Dexter and Corinna. The joke is told of him that a Corinna man enquired how far it was to Sprague's black- smith shop, and was told that he was then in the shop, but that he was then three and one-half miles from the anvil. In 1812 he married Phoeba Parker. He had five children, all of whom are now living— two in Illinois, one in Kansas, and two in Maine. He never had the advantages of a school, as he never attended school but six weeks. His education was fair, however, he having the reputation of being the best mathematician in town. He held many town ofifices, and for twelve years held the office of Deputy-Sheriff. While holding this ofiSce he detected and broke up a gang of counterfeiters in the town of Exeter; found their plates and printing materials, and obtained sufficient evidence to send the whole gang to the State prison. In 181; 8 he removed to the State of Illinois, and died at Joliet m 1879, at the advanced age of ninety-five years, being the last of the original settlers of Dexter. His second son, V. A. Sprague, the subject of this sketch, and whose portrait is herein represented, was born January 28, 1817. He lived at home until fourteeiB years of age, when he came to the village of Dexter and entered the employ of Eli Winslow as painter. When sTx'teen years'of age he taught his first school, and spent his time, until twenty-one years of age, in painting, attend- ing school, and teaching school. He then entered Colby University (then Waterville College), where he graduated in 1842. On account of ill health he was obliged to travel, and went south as far as Maryland and Virginia, where he remained five years, teaching school when able. In 1847, his health being improved, he returned to Dex- ter and commenced the study of law with the Hon. Jo- siah Crosby, and in 1848 was admitted to the Bar, and immediately commenced the practice of law in Corinna, where he continued in practice twenty-three years, when he returned to Dexter, where he now lives, and is now the senior member of the law firm of V. A. & M. Sprague. While in Corinna he held the office of Post- master thirteen years. In every sense of the word he is a specimen of a self-made man, and the history of his past life furnishes additional evidence that integrity of purpose, coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will overcome all the difficulties which may beset the path of the young American, and enable him to fully fit himself for honorable and useful positions in society. In politics he was a member of the Democratic party until 1856, when he became a member of the Republican party, of which party he is now an active member. In 1849 he married Susan M. Sloper, of Waterville, and is the father of two children : Morrill, who married Edith E. Edgerly, and resides in Dexter, engaged in the prac- tice of law with his father, and Wilson, who lives in Port- land, Maine, engaged as mechanical draftsman for the Portland Company's locomotive works. HON. CHARLES SHAW. Hon. Charles Shaw was born in Corrington, Hamp- shire county, Massachusetts, in 18 11. He was one of a family of thirteen children. When sixteen years of age he made an agreement with his father that if he .would give him his time he would pay him $100. He ap- prenticed himself to a shoemaker in Corrington, where he served nearly four years. At the end of three years he went to Hingham, where he followed his trade, work- ing one year for Caleb Stetson. From there he returned to Corrington, where he went into partnership with his brother in the shoe business, which partnership continued seven years, and in 1837 he purchased one-half interest in his brother Breckly's tannery in Corrington. He re- mained in partnership with his brother three years, when he sold out and returned to the shoe business, in which he was engaged five years. He afterwards purchased an interest in the old Hubbard tannery, where he remained until 1851, when he sold out his interest and came to Dexter, Penobscot county, and immediately purchased the tannery which he now owns, in company with F. Shaw & Brothers. The partnership existed about nine years, when he purchased his partners' interest, and has re- mained in thebusinessassole owner up to the present time. He is one of the most extensive manufacturers of leather in the State of Maine, having had control of six tanneries at one time, with an average capacity of two hundred and twenty-five tons each. He has now in his employ, to carry on his extensive business, seventy-two men. He is a thorough-going, upright business man, and has the §28 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTV, MAli^fi. respect and confidence of all with whom he comes in con- tact. In 1850 he was elected a Representative of the town of Corrington, Massachusetts, and in 1867 he was elected Representative by his class to the State Legislature of Maine, and in 1873 and 1874 he represented his class ds State Senator, where. he served with great credit on several important committees, viz,: Agriculture, Manufac- tures, and Indian Affairs; was Chairman of Committee on State Prison, and Chairman of the Special Commit- tee appointed to investigate the affairs of the State Prison, also was one of the Committee on Railroads. In politics he was a member of the Democratic party until 1848, when he became a member of the Free-soil party, and afterwards became a member of the Republican party. He is President of the Dexter & Newport Rail- road, and First National Bank of Dexter. In 1837 he married Jane P. Whiteing, a native of Hingham, Massa- chusetts. She was the mother of seven children. She died in Dexter in 1855. He afterwards married Eliza- beth G. Roberts, and is the father of eleven children — Flora, who married Shepperd Parkman, died in Burnham; Helen F., Charles B., and Millisse J,, died in infancy; Greenville J., who married Jennie Loose, and lives in Hartland; Willis I., who married Ellen Rogers, and lives in New Limerick, Aroostook county; Orlando, died in Dexter; Elizabeth G., lives at home; Charles O,, lives in Johnsbury, New York; Millisse, died when one year old; Walter B., lives at home. DR. GEORGE A. HAINES. This well known dentist of Dexter was born in June, 1825, in Dexter; his father, Walter Haines, married Eliz- abeth Folsom. He is a descendant of Governor Haines, of Connecticut, who governed that colony when it was under British rule. His father was a native of New Hampshire, and his mother was born in Maine, though then a part of Massachusetts. Walter Haines was a house carpenter and joiner, and was only able to give his son a common school education, and then set him to learn the blacksmith and carriage business in a shop in Bangor. Here young Haines worked diligently for eight years, when his health failed. Having a natural taste for mechanics, and thinking that a better field was then pre- sented in dental surgery, he entered the office of Dr. Proctor, of Dexter, and studied with him. He afterward finished his preparatory studies with Dr. Osgood, of Ban- gor, and entered the College of Dental Surgery in Phila- delphia, where he was graduated in 1868. During the time he was in college he came to Dexter and worked for one year and then went back and finished his studies. Since finishing his course he has been established in the practice of his profession here in Dexter, in which he has been successful. The doctor married Martha N. Severance, daughter of Thomas Severance, a tanner. They have now living five children, having lost two in infancy. The doctor is what may be called a self-made man. He has by his own efTorts not only succeeded in getting his professional education after he had worked for years at another trade and lost his health for a time, but seems to have made a success in his business. He has been able to send three of his sons to college, one being a successful physi- cian and surgeon in Ellsworth, Maine, and the other two are dentists; one in Salmon Falls and the other a popu- lar dentist in Dexter. Dr. Haines has always been liberal in assisting all public enterprises in town, and ready to do his part in building up educational and religious institutions. He is not a politician; though he has position and decided opinions, he finds no time to devote to politics. He attends the Methodist Episcopal church, and gives liberally to its support, though at present not a member. The doctor is a man easily approached by strangers, affable and pleasant in his manners, and does not appear to feel that he is better than his neighbors. REUBEN FLANDERS. Stephen Flanders was probably the first and only one of the name that emigrated to America during its early history. He, with his wife Jane, came to Salisbury, Massachusetts, between the years 1640 and 1646, and were among the first settlers in that town. He was admitted as Townsman in February, 1650. This was different from being admitted as a freeman, as the latter was conferred by the General Quarterly Court only. He died June 27, 1684. His wife died Novem- ber 19, 1683. One of their descendants, Reuben Flan- ders, the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Cornville, Somerset county, Maine, 181 1, where he re- ceived a common education. He was brought up on a farm and remained in Cornville until nineteen years of age, when he came to Dexter, Penobscot county, and set- tled in the village, where he engaged in the business of cabinet-making, and was the pioneer of that branch of business in the village. In 1856 he invented a machine for manufacturing orange and lemon boxes, but never got it patented, and he is now in possession of the ma- chine that cut the first box ever manufactured in the world. He followed his trade in Dexter about thirty years, when he sold out, and in 1867 he purchased the mill property of Charles Jumper, about four miles north of the village of Dexter, and engaged extensively in the manufacture of long and short lumber. He has never sought or allowed himself to run for office of any- kind whatever, but always attended strictly to. business. In politics he was originally an Old Line Whig, but at the organization of the Republican party he became a Republican. He is a Universatist in faith. He- is a thorough-going business man, having been thrown on his own resources at the age of nineteen years, with hardly a dollar, but by industry and economy has ac- cumulated a comfortable fortune. 75 Ts^ U .na^rff Abigail B. AUejv,^ native of Cambridge, Maine She died in the village of Dexter. Mr. Flanders is the father of five children, three boys and two girls-William R who died m Dexter at the age of twenty-four years • Sul HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAIN^. 829 san A., who died in Dexter at the age of sixteen years ; Esther W., who died at the present residence at the age of twenty-four years ; Elbridge A., who lives at home ; and Freeland N., who lives in Minnesota, where he is engaged in the lumber business. HON. FRANCIS W. HILL was born in Exeter, Penobscot county, in 181 9, where he received a liberal education. He engaged in farming until twenty-five years of age, when he purchased the Store and stock of goods at Exeter Corner, of John D. Prescolt, and entered into the mercantile business, in which business he was engaged twelve years, when he sold out the stock of goods to Thomas Mansfield, and engaged in the real estate business, in which business he is now engaged. He owns more real estate than any man in the county, and is considered the best authority on real estate transfers in the State of Maine. He has held the office of Selectman, Treasurer, Clerk, and Over- seer of the Poor from time to time for the past thirty years. In 1855 he was appointed High Sheriff of Penobscot county by Governor Crosby, which office he held two years, and the duties of which he discharged to the satisfaction of all. In 1879 he was elected Repre- sentative by his class, and in 1880 he was elected State •Senator, which oflBce he now holds. In 1870 he was elected President of the Somerset Railroad, and acted as such for three years. He is also Director of the Somerset and the Northern Aroostook Railways. In 1876 he was chosen a delegate to the St. Louis Conven- tion, and was chosen one of the vice-presidents of the convention. The same year he was chosen as one of the district electors. In politics be was originally an old- line Whig, but in 1856 he became a member of the Democratic party, to which party he belonged until 1879, when he became a member of the Greenback party. While a member of the Democratic party he was a mem- ber of the State Committee for about eight years. He is now a member of the State Committee of the Greenback party, and holds the office of Chairman of the Board of the Finance Committee. Although not a member of any church, he contributes liberally to the support of all ■denominations ; he also takes a deep interest in the pub- lic schools, and firmly believes that religion and educa- tion are the main pillars of our free institutions. In 1845 he martied Sarah A. True, a native of Garland, and is the father of four children — Mary E, who died in Exeter at the age of fourteen ; Mabel T., who married Hon. Harris M. Plaisted and resides at Bangor ; Frank W. lives at home; Gertrude W. lives at home. He has held the office of Director of the Maine Central Railroad for over eight years, and owns a large amount of stock in the same, and is always ready to assist any railroad en- terprise in the State, believing that it is the only true means of developing its resources. He is both generous and kind-hearted, and is always ready to contribute to the relief of the poor, and is known in the community in which he lives as the poor man's friend. He is a kind husband and an indulgent father, generous to a fault, and highly respected by all with whom he comes in contact. HON. WILLIAM PLAISTED. Hon. William Plaisted, of Lincoln, Penobscot county, Maine, was born October 24, 1815, in Jefferson, New Hampshire. He is a son of Deacon William and Nancy Plaisted. (For sketch of early family history see the biography of his brother. Governor Plaisted, which ap- pears in this work). His father was a farmer and Wil- liam spent his early boyhood, as so many of the promi- nent men of our country have done, in assisting at the farm work. He attended the district school and obtained such an education as was at that time afforded in the country public schools. Being the eldest of the family he early started out for himself, and when eighteen years of age we find him in Gardiner, Maine, sawing wood. This he followed but a short time, however, while look- ing for a better job. Being possessed of great energy and a determination to do well whatever he did, he soon obtained a situation in a tannery. Here, by close atten- tion to the minutest details of the business, he soOn had the confidence and esteem of his employers, and in a short time was advanced to the position of foreman of the establishment. Here he remained seven years, the last four years having entire charge of the business. In 1840 he bought one-fourth interest in Cook & Nutting's tannery and began business for himself He continued in business here for four years, when he went to Mercer and bought a tannery with his brother-in-law, Mr. Church. Though the tannery was in Mercer Mr. Plais- ted lived in Augusta, and attended to the outside busi- ness, buying the hides for tanning and selling the leather. Here he lived for three years, and then went to Stetson and built a large tannery, with a capacity of about four hundred tons of bark yearly. 'He lived in Stetson and continued in the manufacture of leather un- til 1869, when he removed to Lincoln and built the large tannery here. In 1868 he bought the old tannery at Princeton and built it over, enlarging its size to about double its former capacity. In 1869 his son Thomas was taken into the firm and the firm name has since been William Plaisted & Son. Their two tanneries have a capacity of 8,500 cords of bark per year. They make what is known as Buffalo Sole Leather, using almost exclusively Calcutta buffalo hides. They have $150,000 invested in the business, and manufacture from $150,000 to $200,000 worth of leather per year. Mr. Plaisted married Martha P'orbes, of Windsor, Vermont, daughter of Absalom Forbes. They have had eighl children — Lizzie, wife of Mr. Thomas Hersey, of Bangor; William P., now in Prince- ton, Maine; Thomas M., of Lincoln; Nancy, now Mrs. F. C. Plaisted, of Lincoln, and Harry, residing in Min- nesota. The deceased were Mary E., Emma F., Jesse, and Charles. Mr. Plaisted in politics has been a Republican until the formation of the Greenback party. Believing in the 830 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. principles of that party he has of late voted with it. In 1868 he was elected' to the State Senate, and filled the position in a manner satisfactory to his constituents. Since early boyhood he has been a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and is a leader in all enterprises of public charity and the relief of the poor. He is a man very highly spoken of by his townsmen and re- spected by all who know him. He has by legitimate business, carried on as it has been in an honorable man- ner, acquired success in business life. Thomas Plaisted, who is associated with his father in business, was born May 18, 1848, in Augusta, Maine. He completed his education at Kent's Hill Seminary. He married Miss Emma Henrys, of Lincoln. They have two children — Ella and Marjory. In 1879 and 1880 he was elected a member of the Legislature on the Greenback ticket. HORATIO S. AYEK. William R. Ayer, the subject of this sketch, was born in Newfield, York county, Maine, in 1825, where he re- ceived a liberal education ; he also attended school at the Charleston Academy. He came to Lincoln about 1846, and entered into the mercantile business, in which business he was engaged until his death. He was fre- quently elected Selectman of Lincoln, and represented his class in the State Legislature one term. In politics he was a Democrat and always took an active part in political matters. He was postmaster of Lincoln for many years, and took a deep interest in educational mat- ters; was one of the Trustees and Treasurer of Mattan- awcook Academy, located at Lincoln; was one of the leading men of the county and was foremost in every enterprise that would be of any public benefit. He was twice married. His first wife was Rebecca B. Burnham, a native of Limerick, York county, Maine. She died in Lincoln in 187 1. He afterwards married Emily E. Morn- son, a native of Bangor. He died in Lincoln, June i, 1881, mourned by a large circle of friends. He was the father of three children by his first wife: Ella E., who married James H. McAvity, and resides in St. Johns, New Brunswick; Horatio S., who married Mary R. Ayer, and lives in Lincoln, where he is engaged in the mercantile business ; Mattie, died in infancy. HON. ASA SMITH. Probably no man was more widely known and highly respected in all northern Penobscot Valley than the late Hon. Asa Smith, of Mattawamkeag. His parents emi- grated from Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1795, and settled in what is now a part of Auburn, Maine. His father's name was Petatiah, and his grandfather's John Smith. There is a Bible in the family of his brother, John Smith, of Auburn, Maine, which contains a record of five generations of John Smiths; as far back as 1654. The dates of birth are as follows; The first, October 29, 1654; his wife's name was Elizabeth. The second John Smith, born December 28, 1678; wife, Hannah Martin. The third John Smith, born November 9, 1 706, died Oc- tober 20, 1776; wife, Abigail Dans, born August 11, 1712, died November i, 1791. The fourth John Smith, born May 23, 1732, died October 21, 1805. The fifth John Smith, born in 1760. His son Petatiah was father of Asa Smith, and, as stated above, settled in Danville, now Auburn. He was a farmer, and Asa spent his boy- hood on the farm. He was born August 12, 1798, and received such a limited education as the common schools of that period afforded. In December, 1821, he first came into the Penobscot Valley, and stopped at Passa- dumkeag about a year and a half, during which time he worked in a store. It was here that he became ac- quainted with Miss Louisa Haynes, who, became his wife in 1826, February 19. On account of his father's death in 1823 he returned to the. old home and settled up his father's estate, and remained there until 1827, at which time he made a final remove to the Penobscot River and settled at Passadumkeag. From that time till 1830 he was engaged in lumbering with Alvin Haynes, his wife's brother. In 1830 he removed to Lincoln for a short time, and from there to Haynesville, Aroostook county. At that time there were no roads above Lincoln, and the journey had to be performed up the Penobscot and Mat- tawamkeag Rivers in batteaux. These obstacles, how- ever, did not deter the early settlers of Northern Maine, and the young couple successfully accomplished the un- dertaking. Their nearest neighbor for a time was twelve miles distant, but the Military Road being built soon after, settlers began to flock in and built up the new country. Mr. Smith lived here five years, at the end of which time (June, 1835,) he purchased the hotel prop- erty, a log house on the site of the present Mattawam- keag House, of Mr. Kelsey. Mr. Smith took possession of this property June 4. Soon after, Mr. Sturgis, who had kept the property for Mr. Kelsey, moved out of town, leaving but two other families in town — George Wait, on the north side of the river, and James Thomp- son. This property embraced the whole town site. James Thompson at that time carried the Bangor and Houlton mail. He soon left town, as also did Mr. Wait, leaving Mr. Smith the only settler, as we understand the records furnished us. Mr. Smith's success up to this time had not been such as to enable him to pay for this prop- erty, yet by dint of perseverance, cheered by his noble, loving wife, after four years of toil and economy he was able to call the valuable property he was occupying his own. The after years of his life were comparatively easy, yet there was none the less activity displayed. He now engaged quite extensively in farming, and kept a store in connection with his hotel business. Here he spent the remainder of his life, with the exception of a few years spent in Lincoln that he might give his children an op- portunity to attend school. In his business relations Mr. Smith was strictly honest, and accumulated a competency by legitimate business methods, never engaging in specu- lations of any kind. It was a favorite saying of his that "economy, honesty, and energy are the essential requi- sites of success." His strict honesty, energy, and busi- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 531 ness ability caused him to be often and constantly called to positions of trust and responsibility. He was Town Treasurer for nineteen successive years (ever since the town was organized), and postmaster at Mattawamkeag and Mattawamkeag Forks for forty years. He was three times elected a member of the Maine Board of Agricul- ture, and through him the charter of the North Penob- scot Agricultural Society was obtained. He was the first President of this society, and always took great interest in its welfare. For many years he was a Director in the Merchants' National Bank of Bangor. In 1843 he was elected to the Legislature, and to the Senate for the years 1846 and 1847. He was again elected to the House for the years 1854 and 1855. In 1859 he became a member of the Horeb Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons at Lincoln, and in 1873, of the Pine Lodge of the same order in Mattawamkeag. He was a public-spirited and generous man. He gave the right of way through his land to the European & Norlh American Railroad Company, and presented the land where their machine shops are built. In politics Mr. Smith was a Democrat, and was elected and ap- pointed to all offices he held, by that party. During his later life he took great interest in religious matters. We copy the following from an obituary notice in Zion's Herald, which appeared at the time of his death : In the wilds of Northern Maine there waS very little to lead a per- son to an open profession of religion, and it was only twenty years ago that he resolved that he would take G6d as his guide and counselor. Possessing a sensitive and retiring dispositi m, his growth in grace was not so manifest as it was deep and heartfelt; yet there was abundant evidence of his acceptance with God. Some five years ago, during the labors of Rev. J. A. Moreleu he, with his only daughter, was led to join the Methodist Episcopal church, and as Superintendent of the Sabbath-school, Steward and Trustee he was an honor to the church, and faithful to the cause of God. During the last years of his life he did much for the church. His home was always open for ministers, and he gave liberally for their support. Only two years be- fore his death he gave a lot of land, and subscribed liberally toward the erection of the church which was built thereon. During his last sickness his faith was strong; he loved to speak of the goodness of God, and was willing to trust all with Him, and often said, "If I go or remain, it will be for the best." It would not be proper to close our brief sketch of this good man with- out mentioning his estimable wife who has stood by his side through all the hardships of their pioneer life, and who still survives him. Her father was one of the early settlers of Passadumkeag, and the family was widely known and highly respected. She is a most estimable woman, and by her many acts of kindness and charity, her readiness to assist those who are in need of help, she has endeared herself to a large circle of friends. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Smith consisted of six chil- dren, viz: Hannah E., widow of the late H. S. Wing, of Mattawamkeag; Elbridge G. H., of Mattawamkeag; George W.; Charles A.; Louisa, deceased, and Asa H. Mr. Smith died December 16, 1880. His cordial greet- ing, hearty grasp of the hand, his words of counsel and encouragement will long be remembered. A true citizen, a faithful friend, a kind and aflfectionate husband and father, his good works will long cause his name to be held in grateful and honored remembrance. His portrait and home are shown in this work. E. W. SHAW. E. W. Shaw was born in Lecora, New Hampshire, in 1822. At the age of four years he came to the State of Maine with his parents and settled in Palmyra, Som- erset county, where he received a common school eiduca- tion. He also attended the Hartland Academy a short time. In 1845 he married Mary E. Palmer, a native of Palmyra; she died in 1847. In 1850 he went to Cali- fornia, where he engaged in lumbering and mining, in which business he was engaged four years, and met with good success, when he returned to Palmyra, where he married Maria W. Elkins, and in 1855 came to Penob- scot county, and settled in Newport, where he has fol- lowed farming, lumbering, and trading at different times. He served as deputy Sheriff of Penobscot county for twenty years; was also appointed a member of the Val- uation Committee of the State by Governor Davis in 1880. In politics he has always been a Republican, and has always taken a deep interest in political matters. When he started in life he was not worth a dollar, but by industry has accumulated a nice fortune, and is consid- ered one of the best financiers in Penobscot county. He is the father of five children — Mary C, died in Palmyra, at the age of sixteen years; Walter K., lives in Bangor, engaged in the boot and shoe business; Frances A., married Don A. H. Powers, and resides in Newport. Samuel Elkins was born in Brintwood, New Hampshire, in 1768. He came to the State of Maine at an early day, and settled in Palmyra, where he married Martha Davis, a native of Newfield. He was a farmer, in which business he was engaged all his life; also engaged in the lumbering business a short time. His wife died in Pal- myra in 1872; he died in Palmyra in 1875. He was the father of four children — Joseph M., who married Elizabeth Allen and came to his death by being drowned in California; Emeline, who married Randall McCrillis, and lives in Palmyra; James R., married Esta Tuttle, and lives in Palmyra; Maria W., who married E. W. Shaw, and lives in Newport; Bessie A. Lincoln and Mary C, second, live at home. JESSE R. WADLEIGH. The subject of this sketch, Jesse R. Wadleigh, was born in Candia, New Hampshire. He never had the privileges of a school education, but as he advanced in years he became one of the most expert mathematicians in his neighborhood. He was one of the first settlers of Oldtown ; came here at an early day with his brother Ira and built the Wadleigh mills. They also built the first hotel (the Wadleigh House) at Oldtown. They ran the hotel and mills in partnership for many years. As a citi- zen, Jesse Wadleigh was ever active in all benevolent and 832 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. charitable enterprises, giving liberally according to his means. In politics he was a Democrat. He married Susan M. Giant, of Winterport, and died in Oldtown in 187 1, mourned by a large circle of friends. His wife died in Oldtown in 1874. They had a family of six children— Andrew, who married Mariah Black and re- sides in California; Caroline M., who married Jacob Bacon and lives in California; Rufus D., who died in Oldtown ; Rufus D. 2d, who married Mariah Davis and resides in Oldtown, where he is engaged in the lumber business ; and Sarah, who died when seven years of age. MOSES P. WADLEIGH. Moses P. Wadleigh, the subject of this sketch, was born in Oldtown in 1826, where he received a common school education. He also attended the Charleston Academy a short time. He has always been engaged in the lumber business, and is one among the heaviest deal- ers on the Penobscot. He keeps in his employ con- stantly from seventy-five to one hundred men. He prob- ably has been in the lumber business longer, and has handled more lumber during his lifetime, than any man on the Penobscot River. He is a self-made man, and has accumulated a comfortable fortune. He is also the pos- sessor of one of the neatest residences in the village of Oldtown, a view of which can be seen on the opposite page. In politics he is independent, always supporting the party or candidate that suits him best. He was twice married, his first wife being Climenia Moore, who died at Oldtown in 1852. He afterward married Emma T. Nesbit, a native of Biddeford, Maine. He is the father of six children, two by his first wife and four by his present wife : Carrie died when three years of age ; Jesse died in infancy ; Ralph B. died when seven years of age ; Moses, Leith and Alfred live at home. HON. JOSEPH L. SMITH. Among the most prominent citizens of Oldtown and of the county is the well-known lumberman and political leader, Major Joseph Locke Smith. He is a native of the Pine Tree State, born at the ancestral home in Pal- myra, Somerset county, November 29, 1818, the fifth son of Asa and Mary J. (Cowin) Smith, who had a family of six sons and three daughters. His early years were spent upon the farm of his father and in attendance upon the district school. When he was but seven years of age, in 1825, his father removed to Bangor, where he was en- gaged for a year as a carpenter and house-builder. He then took his family to Oldtown, where he settled perma- nently as a maker of batteaux, which were then in great demand, especially for the transportation of supplies to the lumber-camps on the East and West Branches of the Penobscot. He soon became a leading man in the com- munity, and was entrusted with important local offices, holding among others that of Town Treasurer for a num- ber of successive years. Young Joseph attended the village school for a short time every year until he was fifteen, when he became ambitious of somewhat higher education, and was sent for a term to the academy then flourishing at Charleston, in this county. He attended this school in the winter of 1833-34, and then went to the famous academy of that day at China, in Kennebec county. A single term here, in his seventeenth year, finished his formal education in the public schools, and he soon began the battle of life for himself. His opportunities had not been neglected, however, and the knowledge acquired under his teachers has been faithfully used and improved by much reading and observation in his later career. Mr. Smith, soon after leaving the China Academy, en- gaged at light wages in the heavy work of lumbering on the Penobscot. In the spring he received somewhat bet- ter pay for assistance in booming and rafting on the river, and in a short time, by the severe labors of winter and summer, he amassed the sum of $400, which was to him then a small fortune. He invested his means, in partnership with Isaac Staples, another young man of Oldtown, in the grocery business in that place, which he pursued until he was twenty-one years of age, when he sold his interest to his partner and formed a company with Messrs. H. R. and W. N. Soper and Charles Fisk, for lumbering operations on the West Branch of the Pe- nobscot. They were moderately seccessful in these, clearing during the first season the sum of $1,200. This was the beginning of forty-three years of continuous business in the great staple of the Penobscot Valley and other parts of Maine and New Brunswick where he has operated. After some years' transactions on the Penob- scot he formed a company with his brother, William H. Smith, of Oldtown, and also Gorham L. Byington and Daniel Bradley, of Bangor, for the purchase of a mill- site on the Canifacasious Bay, St. John River, a short distance from the city of St. John. A fine steam saw- mill, with a capacity for turning out several millions of feet per year, besides square timber, was constructed at this point, and kept supplied chiefly from the Maine forests on the Upper St. John, Aroostook, and Fish Rivers. Major Smith was in personal charge of the operations on these streams, and managed them to the entire satisfaction of his partners, who confided implicit- ly in his judgment upon all matters within his field of the business. After ten years in New Brunswick, the mill and associated interests were sold by the company to the Roberts Brothers, of St. John. Two years afterwards, in 1865, he and the same bother, with Captain S. H. L. Whitlier of Lincoln, and H. R. Beverage of New Brunswick, entered into a part- nership for running a line of steamers known as the Peo- ple's Line, on the St. John River. It soon became popular and prosperous, requiring in time three boais to meet the demands of travel upon it. In 1875 the line was sold to the owner of the narrow-gauge railroad, which had been constructed along the river above Fredericton. During a part of the same period the two Smiths, having bought the steamers engaged in the Penobscot trade from Oldtown to Winn, were also run- ning that line, but sold it in 1870 to the rival interest HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 833 then in operation, the European & North American Railroad, which also purchased their share in the stage rolite from Bangor to Mattawamkeag. In i860 they, with William B. Pearson of Bangor, had purchased of Rufus Dwinel the site of his mills at West Great Works, which had been burned, and rebuilt and ran them until 1866, he sold the property. Of kte years Major Smith has been mainly engaged in heavy logging operations in the West Branch of the Penobscot and elsewhere. In the midst of his busy private employments Major Smith has found time for more public duties. An early member of the Republican party, he became active in its councils; in i860 was elected First Selectman of Old- town, and in the fall of the same year a Representative in the State Legislature, where he took his seat for a single term in 1861. He was returned to the Legislature, but as Senator, in 1862, and also in 1872 and 1873. In 1878, having been converted to the principles of the Green- back party, he was made the candidate of that organiza- tion for the high office of Governor, and was a participant in the memorable struggle of the next winter over the returns of the election. His name was again prominent in the politics of the State during the Senatorial canvass of the winter of 1880-81. He was honored with the caucus nomination of the Greenback and Democratic members of the Legislature, and received 64 votes in the Assembly for the office of United States Senator, against the 83 cast for the Hon. Eugene Hale. Major Smith derives his military title from his appoint- ment, during the first year of the war, to the staff of Major General James H. Butler, of Bangor, commanding the First Division of State Militia. In his capacity as aid-de-camp he attended at the elections of officers of the companies formed at Oldtown, Calais, Machias, and Pembroke, and otherwise performed efficient and valued services during the period of the Rebellion. In 1840, November 12, when he had almost reached his twenty-second birthday. Major Smith was united in marriage to Miss Amelia C, daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Keene) Lebalister, of Windsor, Maine, who re- mains his faithful helpmate to this day. They have had three children, all daughters, named respectively Caro- line Ameha, Harriet Bakeman, and Elizabeth Frances — all of whom have married and passed from under the paternal roof, but still reside near their parents in Old- town. DR. ALBION PARKER FOLSOM. This gentleman, one of the most noted medical prac- titioners in Eastern Maine, is a native of this county and State, born in Newburg June 4, 1838, fifth child and third son of Major Mark and Sarah (Morrell) Folsom, who occupied a farm in that town, where the elder Fol- som still resides. He was not only a farmer, but lumber- man; and was in his prime a prominent citizen of the town, a Major in the old State militia, and an active. Re- publican politician, to whom important local offices were often entrusted. The Doctor's grandfather, also named Mark, settled as a pioneer in Dixmont, early in the cen- tury. On the father's side the family is English; the race stock of the mother was originally Dutch. They were married about 1830, in Newburg, of which Mrs. Folsom was a native. Albion Folsom was brought up on the farm, attending the district schools of winters, until the age of fifteen. He then took a position in the drug store of his uncle. Dr. William R. Morrell, at Dexter, and served him as clerk four years, meanwhile attending the High School in that place for the recitation of his Latin lessons. He then studied law for a year with Nathaniel H. Hubbard, of Winterport; but was diverted from his designs upon the legal profession by the formation of a partnership with his uncle aforesaid, in the purchase of the drug store of Dr. R. F. Kensil, at Oldtown. Young Folsom accordingly removed to that place and conducted the business for six months, when he bought out the interest of his uncle, formed a new partnership with his brother, Franklin W. Folsom, then a:n Oldtown school-teacher, and started a drug store in another part of the village. At Winterport he had begun the study of medicine with Dr. Morrill, his uncle, who had removed from Dexter to that place, and continued his medical readings with Dr. James Bradbury, of Oldtown, and then with his nephew. Dr. Samuel Bradbury, of the same place. In 1863 he took the spring course of lectures in the Med- ical Department of Bowdoin College, and in the fall of the same year matriculated at the Berkshire Medical College, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he was grad- uated with the degree of M. D., the same season. The next year an addition was made to the firm in the drug business at .Oldtown, which had been kept up during his' absence, by the admission of his brother. Major M. M. Folsom. The business was now enlarged by the outfit of a wholesale cart with drugs and medicines, for travel- ing operations in Eastern Maine, of which Mr. F. W. Folsom took special charge. In 1877 the doctor with- drew from the firm, by reason of the demands of his large practice, which called for all his time and attention, and to which he has since devoted himself with great assiduity and success. He has become widely renowned for the treatment of certain diseases, as diphtheria, and is sometimes called a hundred miles away from home to deal with cases of this dreadful scourge. During the four years in which he has made a specialty of this pracr tice he has treated an average of nearly two hundred cases per year, and is reputed to have saved at least ninety-five per cent.— a remarkable record, truly, and one- well .worthy of permanent notice. He has also a very large and widespread general business in medicine :and surgery; and some of his operations in the latter depart-^ ment are locally quite famous. Dr. Folsom, aside from his professionaLtalents, :has also a decided mechanical genius — which, it may be noted, has served him an excellent purpose in dealing with fractures in his surgical operations. Sundry inven- tions and devices have occurred to him from time to time, of which, : however, he has thus far patented but one— an "improved holdback," or attachment tO- single 834 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. harness, to which a patent was granted May 3, 1881. This invention consists of a pair of spring metal cups, fitting over the ends of the thills of the vehicle and pro- vided with eyes through which pass straps, secured around the straps supporting the thill holders, or to the side of the saddle on each side of the horse. It is adapted for use on single vehicles of all descriptions without reference to the size of the horse. The doctor's circular says of its advantages; In offering this novel style of Holdback to your consideration, I wish to invite attention to a few of the advantages possessed by it over the common breeching: ist. It holds the carriage firmly, keeping the tugs straight and pre- venting sagging, holding the thill-holders in their proper position on the shafts, and checking the sawing movement on the thills, which in the old style quickly defaces the leather with which the thills are com- monly covered. 2d. Its Safety. — In case of accident, such for instance as the break- age of the tugs or whifHetree, the cups are instantly drawn off by the forward motion of the horse, freeing him from all attachment to the carriage. If one of the Holbacks becomes detached from any cause, the reamining one will effectually keep the vehicle from the horse's heels until the damage can be remedied. It allows the animal free use of his legs and diminishes the danger of stumbhng, while in case of a fall the horse can be detached from the carriage with much greater ease. When used, as it may be, in connection with the ordinary breeching, it serves as an additional safeguard, particularly desirable in the case of heavily laden wagons. 3d. Its Economy. — It saves time in harnessing and unharnessing, as it is readily slipped on to the thills, and is removed by the forward ac- tion of the horse. It saves money, as its first cost is less than one-half that of the common breeching, a mere trifle keeps it in repair, and, as before stated, it saves the wear of the thills and thill-holders. 4th. Not the least of its advantages is the comfort it affords to the horse. In dispensing with the breeching it permits the free use of his legs— a great advantage, particularly when descending 5teep hills, as all danger of interfering from this cause is avoided — and enables him to hold back the vehicle by means of the large bones and muscles of the shoul- ders. There is no chafing, sweating or wearing off of hair around the breeching or crouper, nor is there the fretting resulting from the swing- ing of the carriage upon hillocky roads. It follows that the animal is enabled to do more work with less exertion, particularly in hot weather and on rough roads. As to this we may add that dispensing with the harness, back of the saddle, gives an appearance of peculiar elegance to a. light harness. The absence of the jerking motion of the carriage in- separable from the old form of breeching adds greatly to the cojiifort of the driver or occupant of the vehicle. He has also an application for patent pending, for an improved tooth-forceps, which is believed to make an im- portant change and improvement in the methods of ex- traction of teeth. Dr. Folsom was married to his present wife in Bradley, Penobscot county, July 23, 1874. She was Miss Annie G. Burrill, second daughter of Ralph B. and Melinda C. (Dodge) Burrill, of that town. Mrs. Folsom was born in 1848. Dr. and Mrs. Folsom have three children— Har- old Morrell, born April 23, 1875; Ralph Parker, born September 3, 1876; and Sara Agnes, born August 26, 1880. All are natives of Oldtown, where the Doctor oc- cupies an elegant residence and grounds at the corner of Brunswick and Brown streets, a little above his office on the latter avenue. MAJOR MELVILLE M. FOLSOM. Melville Mark Folsom, the well-known druggist and politician, of Oldtown, is the second son of Mark and Sarah Folsom, of Newburg, of whom some notice is com- prised in the previous sketch. He was born at the old home, April 27, 1836. His early education was received in the public schools of his neighborhood, and as he grew old enough he aided in the labors of the farm until the age of seventeen, when he entered Hampden Acad- emy, and studied several terms there and at the. Maine State Seminary at Lewiston, teaching every winter in country schools in order to raise means to defray his ex- penses. About the year 1858 he left the schools as a pupil, but continued to teach in Penobscot and Waldo counties until the war of the Rebellion broke out, when he promptly enlisted in the company of Captain Sawyer, at Dixmont, and was made first lieutenant in the com- pany. This was organized under the State call for ten thousand troops, and was assigned to the Sixth Maine Regiment; but, before it could take the field, orders were received which changed the plans, and obliged its mem- bers to vote whether to retain their organization and await future calls, or disband. This company, as has been seen in our chapter on. military history, voted to hold itself to- gether, though its members in time became dispersed, and joined other companies in regiments taking the field. In the early fall of the same year (1861) Lieutenant Fol- som enlisted in Company K, of the Eleventh Maine Regiment, which company was raised for Colonel H. M. Plaisted's command in Newburg and vicinity. Upon the election of officers of the company he was chosen first lieutenant of this also. The regiment rendezvoused at Augusta, moved to Washington late in the season, and was quartered during the winter at Meridian Hill. The subsequent history of this gallant command has been de- tailed in our Military Record. Mr. Folsom was with it continuously until September, 1864, when he was sent back to Maine to take recruits to the front, and, as the time of his regiment had then expired, he did not return to the field. During his long and perilous service he was in no less than twenty-two pitched battles, besides count- less skirmishes and minor engagements, but escaped through all without a wound, or any disease worse than chill-fever, which he contracted in the swamps of the Chickahominy, and from which he has never since been entirely freed. He was often, as first lieutenant, de- tailed to the command of companies, and was commis- sioned. May 14, 1863, as captain, and assigned to duty with Company A, of the Eleventh, with which he re- mained till the close of the service. Most of the time since the war he has served in the State militia. In 1871 he organized the Hersey Light Infantry, a crack company at Oldtown, and commanded it until 1876, when he was elected Major of the First Regiment, First Brigade, First Division of the militia of the State. When the Gubernatorial troubles came on in the win- ter of 1878-79, Major Folsom was appointed Acting Adjutant-General by Governor Garcelon, on the resigna- tion of General S. D. Leavitt, and after the organization of the Legislature he was elected by that body Adju- tant-General, and served until the troubles were over, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent of that post. When elected Adjutant-General, Major Fol- som resigned his position in the State militia, with which HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 835 he has not since been connected. He is, however, by appointment of Governor Plaisted, a member of the Ex- ecutive's military staff, with the grade of Lieutenant- Colonel. Major Folsom was a Republican in his politics until the campaign of 1876, when he voted for Mr. Tilden for President, but has since been affiliated with the Green- back party. As a Republican he was elected a Repre- sentative in the State Legislature of 1872, in which he was a member of the Military Committee, and also of the Committee on Leave of Absence and another com- mittee. He was re-elected to the Legislature of 1873, when he was promoted to the chairmanship of the Mili- tary Committee, and also served on other committees. Since the latter term of service he has devoted himself to his private business, taking time, however, upon the or- ganization of the Greenback party m the State in 1878, to serve as a member of the State Committee of that party. Upon returning from his military service, Major Fol- som settled at Oldtown in the drug business, with his brothers, Franklin W., now Representative from Oldtown in the Legislature, and Dr. A. P. Folsom, the subject of the preceding sketch. In 1868 he and his partners built the fine block of seven stores of which their establish- ment occupies the corner. The year before he and the Doctor unitedly put up the fine and spacious residence in which they live, at the corner of Brunswick and Brown streets. Major Folsom was brought up in the Free Baptist faith, but is not a member of that church. He is a Master Mason, and has been Marshal of the Star in the East Lodge, at Oldtown, since he came to the place. Beside this he has not cared to involve himself in society obligations. Major Folsom was married during his military service. May 24, 1863, to Miss Hannah Jane, daughter of Rooke T. and Sarah G. (Gove) Edgerby, of Dixmont. Their offspring number two — Edith Louisa, born October 3, 1865 ; and Arthur Melville, born June 24, 1868. EBEN WEBSTER. The first member of the Webster family to settle in Bangor was Andrew Webster, born in Salisbury, Massa- chusetts, who first pitched his tent near the present in- tersection of Main and Water streets in 1771. He moved toOrono about 1795, and built a log cabin near the Stillwater River, opposite the present residence of Elijah Webster, and afterward erected a frame dwelling house on the ground where now lives his granddaughter, Mrs. Martha Treat. He died November i, 1807; his wife survived him, and died in 1823. During the Revo- lutionary war he was taken prisoner by the British and carried to Bagaduce. His family consisted of six sons and three daughters. Colonel Eben Webster, a son of Andrew Webster, was born in Bangor, October 3, 1780, previous to the re- moval of the family to Orono. When a young man he married Lucy Dudley, daughter of Paul Dudley, Esq., of Milford, September 5, 1805 ; she died May 5, 1859, hav- ing raised a family of six daughters and two sons. Colonel Webster was a man of great enterprise and pub- lic spirit, and for more than half a century was one of the most active business men in the county. Webster Brook and Lake were named from him. He spotted and cut the military road from Mattawamkeag to Haynes- ville, through a vast forest for thirty miles. Judge T. H. Allen was accustomed to say that he was by nature the most perfect gentleman he had ever known. In an obituary notice of him published in one of the Bangor papers it was said : "He will long be remembered by the community m which he lived for his enterprise and perseverance as a business man, but longer and better for the rare and generous qualities developed m his social and family relations, and which formed so prominent a part of his character and stamped him one of nature's noblemen." Eben Webster, son of Colonel Eben Webster, was born in Oldtown, May 21, 1812. In 1823 his parents removed to Orono, where he now lives. His first work from home was in the employ of Daniel White, in driv- ing a horse team at eleven dollars per month. Soon he was hired to take charge of a crew in the woods, and later was allowed an interest in the business, continuing as a partner fourteen years with Daniel and Samuel White. Of his partners, Mr. Webster says, "Two more honest and upright men never lived in this town." Mr. Webster has been engaged in the lumber business about forty-five years. Eben Webster was married in 1839 to Miss Martha Ann Trafton, daughter of General Mark Trafton, of Bangor; she died at Aiken, South Carolina, January 6, 1850. P'or a second wife he married in 1852 Miss P. S. Crowell, daughter of Mrs. Lucenia Crowell, of Orono. Mr. Webster served in the State Legislature in 1875-76, and has been a Selectman in his town four years. PRESIDENT M. C. FERNALD. Merritt Caldwell Fernald, A. M., Ph. D., President of the State College at Orono, and for many years a promi- nent educator in Maine, is a native of the State and county, born in South Levant, May 26, 1838. He was the fourth son of a family which consisted of four boys and one daughter, the oldest of whom died in infancy. His parents were Robert and Roxana (Buswell) Fernald, who had removed from London, New Hampshire, to Penobscot county, some years before. The father's is an old and very extensive family in New Hampshire, as well as Maine. The mother was a native of Wayne, in this State, but undoubtedly shared the blood of the Bus- wells (or Buzzells) of earliest Bangor. She is still living. The father died in 1843 "PO" his farm in Levant, where he had also a mill property. Young Merritt rendered some aid in the operations of the mill, but most of his physical labors were upon the home farm. He attended the schools of the town, and the perhaps more efficient 836 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. school of the fireside, until the age of ten, when he was sent to the Academy at East Corinth. Very early he had manifested a decided taste for mathematics, "cipher- ing" in long division and to reduction during his first winter in school, when he was but five years old. At the academy he rapidly developed this bent of his mind. In the primary schools he had mastered two or three elementary algebras, and in his second term at Corinth, in the fall of 1848, worked through the higher algebra. From time to time during the next six years he was a pupil here, but at sixteen went to the Seminary at Bucksport, where he began in Greek, having already ad- vanced considerably in the rudiments of Latin. His preparation for college was completed at Bucksport, and with a small party of his fellow-students under- Professor Rich, of the Theological Seminary at Bangor, but now of the Bates Theological Seminary; and then under Pro- fessor Jona E. Adams, of the Bangor institution. In 1867 he matriculated at Bowdoin College, and went through his undergraduate course uninterruptedly, except by his engagement, every fall, as teacher of a High School which he had established at his native place. This did not, however, interfere with the regular progress of his studies, or his graduation as A. B. with his class in i86i, he taking, in his thirty-first year, a "junior part" and at commencement "En- glish oration" as honors. He had already taught a country school near Bucksport, when but seven- teen years old, and ha,s been a teacher more or less in every year since — now more than twenty-six years. His successive engagements have been as follow: In his High School at Levant, during the autumns of 1856-62, inclusive, and during the spring of the latter year, follow- ing his graduation. At other seasons of some of these years he accepted engagements in several of the country districts of Levant, and once in Carmel. He taught the village school at Searsport in the winter of 1862-63. He then entered upon academic work as an instructor, always, however, taking the position of Principal. His first engagement was in Gould's Academy, at Bethel, where he remained from March to November, 1863. He spent the winter of that year as a student in mineralogy and analytical chemistry in the lab- oratory of Harvard College, under the celebrated Professor Josiah P. Cooke, author of "The New Chem- istry" and other famous writings. He served as assist- ant to Professor Cooke, and brought away a cordial tes- timonial from him to his efficiency and ability as a teacher of chemistry and mineralogy. After a visit in the field to his brother George, then a captain in the First Maine Regiment of Heavy Artillery, and now a member of the State Senate, Professor Fernald took an- other engagement in the Bethel Academy, where he taught during the spring term of 1864. In the fall of that year, and during the winter, he was again at Cam- bridge, Massachusetts, immersed in scientific studies and assisting Professor Cooke, as in the previous winter, in the management of the laboratory. In the following March he accepted an appointment to the charge of the academy at Houlton, but after the expiration of the school year 1865-6 effected an exchange in order to be nearer his mother. By virtue of this he be- came Principal of the Academy at Foxcroft, in Piscat- aquis county, and remained there two academic years, or until May, 1868, inclusive. Upon the organization of a Faculty for the State College at Orono the same year, he received appointment to it as Professor of Mathematics and Physics, and was the only officer of the institution upon the ground when the first class was admitted in September, except the Superintendent of Farming, He had spent much of the intervening time after his ap- pointment in July, in visiting the agricultural colleges in Mass.ichusetts, Michigan, and other States, from which he obtained many valuable ideas and methods for the foundations at Orono, In the winter of 1872-73 he added to his equipment for scientific teaching the bene- fits of another residence at Cambridge, but this time as a student in astronomy at the Harvard College Obser- vatory, under the eminent Professor Winlock. Until March, 1879, he sustained the duties of his professor- ship. At the opening of the college he had been solic- ited by the Trustees, although then but thirty years old, to assume also the duties of its President for the time pending the election of an official head. This was hindered by the occurrence of differences between the citizens of Orono on the one side, and the State Legis- lature and authorities of the College on the other, in re- gard to the title-deeds of the College, property, which de- layed appropriations and prevented the full organization of the school. Professor Fernald was thus virtually compelled to remain in the acting Presidency for three years, when, the differences having been amicably ar- ranged, he insisted upon relief from its duties. The Trustees pressed upon him an election to the executive chair, but he preferred the choice of another, who was presently secured in the person of the Rev. Charles F. Allen, also a graduate of Bowdoin, who had been re- cently in charge of the Pine Street Methodist Episcopal church, in Bangor. President Allen retired in the early part of 1879, when Professor Fernald consented to an appointment to the vacant place. Since March 19th of that year, he has been President of the State College, adding to his executive duties instruction in his old de- partment of Physics, and also in Mental and Moral Philosophy, teaching Trigonometry likewise, mainly for its applications in Astronomy. During his years .of service in the college, President Fernald has published, in the Reports of the Maine Board of Agriculture, somewhat numerous and voluminous papers upon topics related to its work, as upon the Distribution of Rains, Plant Growth, Protection from Lightning, Ag- riculture Compared with other Industries, Education and Labor, Taxation, and The Margin of Profit. Through other mediums he has published sundry brief papers, also meteorological and mathematical tables, records of barometrical, geodetic, and astronomical work, etc. etc. With all his multifarious duties he has found time to do the people some service in public ofifice. In 1861-62 he was Supervisor of Schools in his native town, where he was also Justice of the Peace from 1862 to 1869; and HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. S37 has been a member of the State Board of Agricultnre, ex- officio, or under appointment of the Governor, from 1869 to the present date. His has been a busy and, for one of his years, remarkably useful and fruitful life. He is still in his manly prime, in excellent health of mind and body, and has the promise of yet many years of distin- guished service. President Fernald, graduating in 1861 as a Bachelor of Arts, received in course the degree of Master of Arts in 1864; and at the Bowdoin Commencement in 1880 he had the further distinction from his alma mater of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He has been a member of the Congregational church since 1868 when he united with the society of that faith in Orono. He has not cared to connect himself with any of the secret orders, except reform organizations. He is a Republican in his political beliefs. August 26, 1865, soon after his engagement as instruc- tor at Bethel, he fulfilled a more interesting and formal engagement at the same place with Miss Mary Lovejoy Haywood, daughter of Winslow and Sally (Converse) Haywood. On the mother's side she is a Lovejoy, of the family to which the famous Illinois abolitionists, Elijah P. and Owen Lovejoy belonged, as also the Rev. George B. Cheever, and George Bancroft, the historian. The children of President and Mrs. Fernald are Hattie Converse, born September 11, 1866; Robert Haywood, born December 17, 1871; Merritt Lyndon, whose natal day is October 5, 1873; Reginald Lovejoy, August 7, 1877, named from his ancester, Dr. Reginald Fernald, who settled in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, about 1630; and George Bancroft, born November 10, 1880. JOHN R. HAMMOND. Joseph Hammond, the father of John R., was a native of New Gloucester, Maine. In early life he was a farmer, and afterwards a shoemaker. He was the father of sixteen children, as follows: Sarah, died in Paris; Polly, died in Smyrna; Joseph, now lives in Lincoln; Caroline and Peleg, live in Paris; William T., lives in Buckfield; Jane; Sarah (second), lives in Minnesota; Mercy, resides in Wisconsin; John R.; George W., lives .in Paris; Susan, Henry, and Lydia, died in Paris. Be- side those named above, there were two that died in in- fancy. John R. Hammond was born in Paris, Oxford county, Maine, in 1822, where he lived until he became seventeen years of age, when, in 1839, he came to Penobscot county. Two years later he purchased a farm in Crystal, Aroostook county, and in 1853 bought the farm on which he now lives, in Patten. Here he erected the fine farm buildings represented on another page in this work. He is an extensive farmer, and deals largely in sheep and cattle, of which he probably handles more than any other dealer in the north part of the county. In politics he was originally a Democrat, but at the organiza:tion of the Republican party he found it to be better adapted to his views, and has since voted for its representatives. He has held the office of Selectman in Crystal, and also in Patten from time to time. In 1841 Mr. Hammond was married to Jeanette A. Cushman, a native of Oxford county, Maine. To them have been born eight children : Susan, died at home at the age of eighteen years; Dora A., married Lonson M. Grant, and lives in Patten; Adna O., died at home when six years of age; Mary E., died at home ; Florence M., married George T. Merrill, and lives in Patten; Ida I., lives at home; Nettie died in infancy. HON. JOHN GARDNER. John Gardner was born in the town of Buckfield, Ox- ford county, Maine, on the 14th day of December, 1812, and was the youngest of eleven children of Jonathan and Sarah Gardner. At the commencement of the Revolu- tionary war the father, then only eighteen years of age, enlisted in the -Continental army; served through the war and was paid off in Continental currency, of which it took from $50 to $75 to pay for his breakfast on his re- turn home. The parents of Mr. Gardner were both born and reared in the town of Hingham, Massachusetts. The mother also bore the surname of Gardner before her mar- riage, though not related to her husband so far as known, the surname of Gardner being a very common one in Hingham at that time. They were married soon after the close of the Revolutionary war, and not long after removed to the then Province of Maine, settling in the township that was afterwards incorporated by the name of Buckfield, so called because many of its original set- tlers bore the name of Buck. They continued to reside in this town till the death of the father in 1836. John, being the youngest of the children, the parents naturally desired and expected him to take the homestead and provide for their care and support while they lived; which he would have done but for the fact that about this time his father became the recipient of a pension from the Government in consideration of his Revolution- ary services. The poverty of the country and the heavy burden of debt under which it labored in the early years of its history, had hitherto prevented it from pensioning its Revolutionary veterans except in those cases where they were unable comfortably to support their families; but now having become able to perform this act of jus- tice, they not only pensioned the surviving soldiers and their widows but generously paid them large sums in arrears. In the spring following his nineteenth birthday Mr. Gardner left the parental homestead and went out into the world to act for himself, his parents being in the care of an older sister and her husband. During the first and second seasons after leaving, he found employment in boating on the Oxford and Cumberland canal and the waters tributary to it. Wages were then low and employ- ment difficult to obtain; but his rule then and ever was to work, for reasonable wages if possible, but to work at any rate, and following this rule he always found himself in diligent and active service somewhere. 838 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. In the fall of 1837, having accumulated a small sum, he commenced business on his own account in company with a young man about his own age, at a little village called "North Paris," in the town of Paris, Maine. Paris was then, as now, the shire town of the county, the Court-house being situated on " Paris Hill " (so called), six miles from North Paris, and always visited by large numbers of people during court week. At this beginning of Mr. Gardner's career as a business man he kept what is called "a country store," requiring but a small capital to do quite an active business. In about eight months after this modest beginning, his part- ner was invited by a man of considerable business capac- ity and capital, to open a grocery and provision store in the city of Portland, which invitation was accepted, leaving Mr. Gardner to plod along alone as best he might, with not much expectation of success. He, how- ever, continued here for four years, finding himself at the end of that time with a considerable increase of means, and a well established credit both with his neighbors and in Portland and Boston. Leaving Paris in the fall of 1841 he removed to Pat- ten, in the county of Penobscot, when he commenced in the same line of business as at Paris, and has ever since continued to the present time, having also been more or less engaged in farming, and in the business of operating a grist-mill, a saw-mill, and a starch factory, still continuing, in connection with partners, to carry on the latter enterprise, as well as his mercantile business. He has by his shrewdness, activity, and business enter- prise, accumulated a handsome and well-earned compe- tence. Mr. Gardner has always made his private business his specialty, and has never been in any sense an office- seeker. Yet he has always had pronounced and posi- tive views upon public and political questions, and his fellow-citizens, having great confidence in his intelligence, capacity, and honesty, have often, without any solicitation from him, called him to important positions of public responsibility and trust. He has twice occupied the place of Postmaster of Patten, on his last appointment resigning the office as he found it interfered too much with his private business. During the earlier years of his residence in Patten he was for successive years a Selectman of the town, Town Clerk, and Town Treas- urer, and for about eight years acted as a Deputy Sheriff. He has also been one of the Trustees of Patten Acad- emy from the incorporation of that institution, in 1846, to the present time. In 1846 he was a member of the Maine House of Representatives, and while serving in that capacity was placed on the committee of that body which drafted and reported the first prohibitory temperance law enacted in the State of Maine. He was also a member of the State Senate for the years 1868 and 1869, and in that capacity was chiefly instrumental in the framing and pass- ing of the act of 1868 providing for the making and re- pair of highways in unincorporated places; an act which has done more to secure good roads in our newly settled territories than all previous legislation together, and which is still substantially in force on the statute book. Mr. Gardner has always been found in uncompromis- ing hostihty to all forms of vice and immorality, and his influence has ever been exerted to assist in the suppres- sion of intemperance and the maintenance of good order and correct moral ideas among his fellow-citizens, while his strict business honesty, public-spirit, and enterprise, have been a most important factor in promoting the pros- perity and thrift of the beautiful town where he has so long resided. Mr. Gardner married Mary A. Colburn, daughter of Samuel and Harriet Colburn, of Sumner, Maine. They have four children— Ira B., of Patten; Ida, wife of Arthur Robinson, of Sherman Mills; Eva E., now Mrs. C. H. Sunby, of Patten, and Alma E, now Mrs. A. D. Webster, of Patten. EDWARD JORDON Edward Jordon is one of the leading farmers of Stet- son. Although biit thirty years of age, he is the possessor of one of the neatest farms in the county and is one of its most prosperous young men. He believes that strict attention and close application to business is the only sure road to fortune and success, and governs himself ac- cordingly. He received a liberal education at the com- mon schools of Stetson and is largely engaged in buying and shipping stock to Boston. He attended the Pough- keepsie commercial school for a short time, but preferred farming to mercantile pursuits, so gave up his studies and returned to the home of his childhood. A view of his fine residence on another page speaks volumes for his thrift and industry. In 1874 Mr. Jordon married Miss Bessie A. Rexford, a native of Canada, and is the father of one child, George. NICHOLAS R. HUSTON. The finest place in Winn is that owned by Nicholas R. Huston. Mr. Huston is the oldest son of Elijah and Mary Huston, nee Mary Rideout. His grandfather, George Huston, lived at North Yarmouth, Maine. Nicholas Rideout, his grandfather on his mother's side, was from Kittery, Maine. Elijah Huston had nine chil- dren, seven of whom lived to manhood and womanhood, viz: Nicholas R.; Elijah, now living in New Gloucester, Maine; Andrew L., now of Cumberland, Maine; Mary J., wife of David M. Loring, of Yarmouth, Maine; Har- riet, and Caroline. Mr. Huston was a farmer and mason, working at his trade a portion of the time, but raised his family on a farm. He died in Danville in 1839. Mrs. Huston died in 1850. Nicholas R. Huston, the eldest of the family, was born February 14, 1813. He spent his minority on the farm, and, being the eldest son in so large a family, much of the care of it, and of the farm, naturally fell to his lot, for his father was away at work at his trade much of the time. On becoming of age and starting out for himself, he found himself possessed of a fair common school ed- ucation, a good constitution, and a pair of hands with 'Vt^-rl-. -J^^^^^J^^J^fe HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 839 which to help himself. These, however, combined with energy, economy, perseverance, good judgment, and bus- iness abihty, have enabled him to make a success in bus- iness life. His first employment was on a farm in Gray, where he worked five months for twelve dollars a month, which at that time was high wages for farm labor. In 1836 he went to Lincoln and engaged with Charles Mer- rill to take charge of his mill and lumber business to- gether with his farm, where he received twenty dollars a month. He worked for Mr. Merrill until 1850, when he purchased one-half interest in the business. In 1861, on the death of Mr. Merrill, he bought the other half of the property, the mill, the farm, and hundreds of acres of timber land. By owning the standing timber he was enabled to bring his own lumber to his mill and man- ufacture it. He employed from ten to fifteen men through the year. He remained in Lincoln until 1873, when he sold his property there and moved to Winn. Since buying the place where he now resides, near the village of Winn, he has erected a fine set of farm build- ings, a view of which appears in this work. From his residence a very fine view of the Penobscot River is obtained. Mr. Huston married Miss Abbie M. Brown, daughter of Samuel G. and Mary W. Brown, nee Mary Coombs. Samuel Brown was a native of New Hampshire, and Mrs. Brown of Islesboro, Maine. Mr. Brown died January 1, 1872, and Mrs. Brown May 9, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Huston have no children. Mr. Huston has never engaged in public life, preferring to give his en- tire attention to his own business. Though now sixty-eight years old he does not appear so old by many years, and is still an active business man. By strict attention to business he has acquired a competency and can spend the remainder of his days in ease, enjoying the fruits of an active business life. GEORGE H. HAYNES. George H. Haynes, of Winn, is a son of the late Alvin and Albra Haynes {nee Albra Record). Alvin Haynes was a son of David and a grandson of Aaron Haynes, who was a captain in Arnold's expedition to Quebec. Alvin Haynes was born m Dresden, Maine, August 5, 1801. His father removed while Alvin was yet a child to Bangor, and soon after to a new farm in the wilds of what is now Edinburg, near the banks of the Penobscot. He was the second settler in that town. Here young Alvin grew up and married Albra Record. He assisted his father, who carried the mail between Bangor and Houlton, there being then but one mail a week through this almost unbroken wilderness. Alvin would carry the mail to Howland in a wagon, where he was met by his father with a boat for Scow's Landing, about two miles above Mattawamkeag Point. At this point there was a camp where they met the crew from Houlton and ex- changed mails. That crew carried the mail seven miles through the woods to what was called Jimskitticook Falls, now Kingman, when they went in a boat to the Forks, now Haynesville, thence traveled on horseback through the woods to Houlton. In this way he became thoroughly acquainted with the then imperfect mail ser- vice, and when the Military Road was completed he drove the first mail stage out of Bangor on that route. He moved to Bangor about 1835, and became agent for Col- onel James Thomas, the owner of the stage line between Houlton and Augusta, as well as other lines. He became a partner of Mr. Thorjias, and was after- wards appointed United States Mail Agent in the Secret Service of that Department. While holding this position he traveled not only through the New England States, but throngh the South and West, and in the British Prov- inces. During this time he was a member of the City Council and Board of Aldermen of Bangor. About this time he built, in company with Mr. Thomas, a hotel at the forks of the Mattawamkeag, and the place was named after him — Haynesville. Between the years 1845 and 1850 he held the office of United States Deputy Marshal, under Virgil D. Paris. He afterwards removed from Bangor to Mattawamkeag, and was chosen County Commissioner, which office he filled satisfactorily. Subsequently he was elected to the Legislature, his district then covering a large extent of country. The incorporation of many towns in Northern Penobscot is due to his untiring efforts. About 1863 he moved to Winn, and settled in a pleas- ant location overlooking the village. Here he passed the remainder of his days, filling many positions of trust and responsibility in the gift of his townsmen. During his early life he had considerable experience as a surveyor, being employed in 1820 by the English sur- veyors in connection with the monument line, and after moving to Winn he was connected with the development of towns in this vicinity, many of them being laid out ac- cording to Alvin Haynes's plan and survey. He died September r7th, 1875. Two brothers still survive, Aaron and Elbridge, also one sister, Mrs. Asa Smith, of Mattawamkeag. At the breaking out of the war Mr. Haynes took an active part in supporting the Government, and during his later life was a Republican in politics, though he had formerly been a Democrat. Mr. Haynes lost three wives. His first wife was Miss Albra Record, who died in 1841. His second wife was Miss Lucy Phillips, who died about 1849. His third wife was Miss Julia A. Chesley, who is still living. By his first wife he had five children, viz: David O. (de- ceased), Charles A., George H., Susan J., and Helen M., both of the last named deceased. By his second wife he had two children, viz: Edward R. and Alvin T. By his third wife he had one daughter, Albra. George H. Haynes was born September 20, 1835, '" Bangor. He received his education in Bangor public and high schools, and the East Corinth Academy. He was two years with the surveying party surveying the line of the European & North American Railroad in 1854 and 1855. In 1856 and 1857 he was employed by the State as Land Surveyor in Northern Penobscot and Aroostook. In 1858 he came to Winn as steamboat agent for the steamboat company whose steamers plied between here 840 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. and Oldtown. He remained with this company about seven years, though he engaged in other business. In 1859 he engaged in trade with William Willey, un- der the firm name of Willey & Haynes, which was con- tinued about three years, when J. L. Smith bought out Mr. Willey, and the firm became J. L. Smith & Co., and so continued till 1864, when they went into a mercantile business with Shaw, Tillson & Co., tanners, under the firm name of Shaw, Smith & Co. This firm continued about two years, Mr. Haynes being the managing partner in the business. In 1867 Smith & Haynes sold out to the other part- ners, and Mr. Haynes opened a general merchandise bus- iness for himself, in which he continued till 1870, when he moved to Lewiston, Maine, where he Hved three years, engaged in trade, and with Patterson & Edwards in the building business. From Lewiston he went to Chicago, and went into the grocery and market business with M. Sprague, on State street, under the firm name of M. Sprague & Co., where he continued one year. He came to Winn in 1874, and engaged in general merchandise, where he has since lived. He married Miss Josephine F. Morrill, of Lincoln Center. They have two children, viz: Minnie R. and Harry N. Mr. Haynes has a large stock of goods, and is doing a successful business. He is widely known throughout this region, being a gentleman of pleasing address and affable in his intercourse with all. GENERAL ISAAC HODSDON. Probably no man in this county, and but few in the State, had so thorough a knowledge of military affairs in his time as General Isaac Hodsdon. Military tactics, rules, and evolutions greatly interested him, and were among his chief studies even in boyhood. In a memo- randum left among his effects, he says: In the autumn of 1790, in the ninth year of my age, I first attended a battalion muster, two miles from home, under the command of Major Ebenezer Sullivan, brother of John and James Sullivan, Govern- ors of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and both the exercises and words of command I that day saw and heard so engrossed my whole attention that they have remained indeliby fixed on my memory. To comprehend the application and propriety of the, to me, manifest In- congruity of command "To the right and left face," which I did that day, was my first military lesson. At the age of fifteen he commenced the study of the "Tactics" in earnest, and so great was his interest that he spent a greater part of his spare time on them, and at eighteen could repeat verbatim nearly all contained in Baron Steuben's and Jonathan Rawson's systems. He was enrolled as a soldier in the militia before he was le- gally a subject, and warned to appear at regimental muster, and so anxious was he to enter the ranks that he would not make known his age. The man to whom he was ap- prenticed at this time was a Quaker, who, not believing in the use of carnal weapons, would not furnish them to his apprentices, so Hodsdon was obliged to provide himself with equipments as best he could. His next call to serve in the ranks was to be one of a company of militia to conduct the orator, Hon. Benjamin Green, and a large concourse cf citizens to the old meet- ing-house in Berwick, and there leaned on arms reversed two hours to hear an eulogy on the life and services of George Washington, December 22, 1799, eight days after Washington's death. At the next regimental muster he was unable to appear on account of being destitute of equipments, but he made profits enough on goods furnished him by a baker and a merchant to sell at the parade that day to pay his fine ($1.67), and buy a full set of arms and equipments. This was the only time he was ever absent when it was legally his duty to be present either in the militia or the army, at military elections or court-martials, during forty- three years service. In 1803 he was made corporal, and in 1805 elected lieutenant. In 181 1 he was commissioned adjutant of his regiment, having acted in that capacity for three years previously. In June, 1813, on his way from Port- land to Berwick, he breakfasted at Cleave's tavern, in Saco, which was at that time the recruiting rendezvous of the Thirty-third United States Regiment, and while wait- ing he asked an officer present if he would favor him with a roster of the regiment, as he wished to see if any of his acquaintance had received appointment. After looking over one which was handed him, he returned it, thanked the officer, and went in to breakfast. Before he had commenced eating, however, the officer, who proved to be Colonel Isaac Lane, came in and said: "One of my captains talks of resigning; if he should do so, I would like to have you take charge of his company." Hodsdon expressed his surprise that such an offer should be made to an entire stranger, but told him he would be pleased with such an appointment, and believed he could satisfy the Colonel as to his qualifications for such an of- fice. Colonel Lane replied: "I am satisfied now, sir." Three days afterward he received his appointment as _ captain in the Thirty-third Regiment United States In- fantry, and was immediately ordered on the recruiting service at Bangor and vicinity. His success as a recruiting officer was such that he was retained at that duty until the November following, when he was ordered to take command of the garrison at Fort Scammel, where he remained until the next January. He was then ordered by General Thomas H. Gushing to proceed with his company to Stewartstown, New Hamp- shire, to prevent any intercourse with the enemy on the Canada side. Here they remained from January, 10 to August 8, 1814, wheti Captain Hodsdon received an or- der from General Gushing stating that, as he (Hodsdon) had accomplished the object for which he had been sent, which every officer previously sent had failed to do, he was therefore ordered to proceed with his company to the regimental rendezvous at Saco, in the District of Maine. Soon after their arrival at Saco, Captain Hodsdon was agairi ordered on the recruiting service until January, 1815, when he was ordered to take command of Fort Preble, where he remained until the ratification of the HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 841 treaty of peace with England, when he was ordered to proceed with his company to Saco, and there discharged them, which he did March 30, 1815, and in April follow- ing he was ordered to Springfield, Massachusetts, with other officers, to wait until the army was disbanded, and was finally discharged June 15, 1815. Although by the laws of Massachusetts he was now exempt from duty in the militia, yet his interest in it was such that, having been unanimously elected, he accepted the office of Major in the same regiment of which he had previously been Adjutant, and received his commission July 18, 1815. July I, i8r6 he was made Lieutenant- Colonel, and June 17, 1817, was elected Colonel of the same regiment. He was elected Major-General of the Third Division, Maine Militia, by the Legislature of Maine, February 15, 1827, having served as Brigadier- General of the same division a large part of the time since the separation of Maine from Massachusetts in 1820. This office he retained with great credit until February 15, 1841, when he resigned and was appointed Adjutant-General of the State of Maine. In July, 1837, Governor Dunlap concluded to send a military force into New Brunswick and take Mr. Greely from Frederickton Jail unless the British minister at Washington caused him to be discharged, and General Hodsdon was appointed to take command and ordered to visit the Province and ascertain what would be neces- sary to carry out the expedition. General Hodsdon was haying on his farm in Corinth when he received this order, but he promptly attended to it, and on his return from this visit the British minis- ter ordered the discharge of Mr. Greely, which ended the trouble. In the winter of 1839 it was believed that British sub- jects were plundering timber on the lands claimed by the State of Maine in Aroostook county, backed up by a British military force, and Governor Fairfield commanded General Hodsdon to detach one thousand troops from his division and march to Aroostook. The order was dated February 16, 1839, and in four days the whole force was on the march. Arriving at Fort Fairfield Gen- eral Hodsdon ascertained that no British force existed in that section, and concluded that under the circum- stances his duty was "so to regulate and govern the troops while they were in this more than useless expedi- tion as would best secure their health, comfort, and character, and return them to private life with no dis- grace upon themselves or the State." After becoming satisfied that the whole move would prove futile the Gov- ernor ordered' their return, and they were discharged April 25th following. In 1850 General Hodsdon went to Washington and presented the claims of the State upon the Government of the United States for the expenses of this expedition, and Maine received $27,000, which had hitherto re- mained uncollected. In 1861, when Maine was called upon for troops. Gen- eral Hodsdon, although eighty years of age, was consid- ered the best authority in the State on many military questions, and was employed from April to June of that year in preparing the proper blanks and superintend- ing printing of the various blank forms to be used by troops in actual service. His instructions to his son, General John L. Hodsdon, Adjutant-General of Maine at that time, had much to do in winning the praises be- stowed on the Adjutant-General's Reports of Maine dur- ing the War of the Rebellion, which were considered at Washington as "models of their kind." General Hodsdon never considered the reputation of a military officer to depend so much upon his rank as upon his knowledge of his duty and the manner of performing it. He was wont to say: "I much prefer to merit the expression, 'that corporal would make a good General,' than 'that General does not know the duty of a corporal.'" He was never a politician, although he acted with the Democratic party generally until about 1840, in which po- litical revolution he joined the Whigs, and remained with them till they were broken up, when his sympathies went with the Douglas, or, as they were afterwards called, the "War Democrats." Isaac Hodsdon was born in Berwick, York county, in the District of Maine, December 18, 1781, and was the ninth in a family of twelve children, seven sons and five daughters, of whom two sons and two daughters died in childhood and one son and daughter died at the age of sixteen and seventeen respectively. The other six all lived to become heads of families. His father, Moses, was born July 26, 1740, and died December 10, 1810. His grandfather, Elder Moses, was born April 7, 17 12, and died February 4, 1782. His mother was Dorcas, daughter of Elder Ebenezer Lord, of Berwick, born September 15, r746, died Janu- ary 9, 1838. She was an eminently pious lady, and her long life was full of good works. About the year 1650 four brothers by the name of Hodgdon came from Eng- land and settled on "Back River," Dover, New Hamp- shire, where Isaac's grandfather was born and lived till he married Sarah, daughter of Thomas Thompson, of Ber- wick, and settled on what has since been known as the Hodsdon homestead, in Berwick. About one hundred and fifty years ago this branch of the original family, prefer- ring the present orthography of the name, adopted it. The educational advantages in Isaac's boyhood were few and of inferior quality. From five to eight years of age he attended a private school in summer taught by a poor widow, whom the neighbors assisted in this way, but who proved to be a very inefificient teacher, and it took nearly all the winter terms, which were taught by his old- est brother, Moses, to unlearn what he had erroneously learned during the summer. In a memorandum of his school days, he says: It was my misfortune to be left-handed, and consequently my brother set me to writing at an earlier age than usual that he might compel me to use the pen in my right hand while he had charge of the school. Not realizing the importance of the change, and believing it no fault of mine that my right hand grew on my left side, I was wil- fully obstinate and disobedient, and it seemed the more grevious to me because no other scholar was similarly afflicted. When he could no longer endure my obstinacy he so severely ap- plied his walnut ferule (the usual remedy for refractory urchins at that time) to my left hand that there was little danger of my writing or wronging much with that hand for several days. As soon as he left 842 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. the house at noon, I raked open the bed of coals in the large open fire- place, and in presence of the whole school placed his ferule beneath them, where it become ashes long before his return. His next experi- ment was with a fagot of apple-tree sucliers, used singly, but with such effect as to start the eye-pumps of the other scholars; but as soon as the smart of the application abated and he had left the house my writ- ing-boolc followed the walnut ferule. However, a second application ot the same growth of the apple tree proved more effectual, and I agreed to spread the ink with my right hand if allowed to dip the pen with my left, which was agreed to. From the age of eight to fifteen his help being needed on the farm he attended winter school only. The only text-books used during that time in the schools he at- tended were the Bible, Psaltery, Dillworth's Spelling Book, Catechism of Westminster Divines, and Arithme- tic. In June, 1796, at his earnest request, his father ap- prenticed him to David Nichols, a blacksmith, who be- longed to the Society of Quaker.Notonlyis the silver dollar a fiat dollar, for a part of its value at «»st,bBt the hole which may be made in it has. a fiat value it seems. A standard silver dollar with a hole punched in it is worth only sixty- five cents; there the hole has a value of thirty-five cents. Make five holes and at that rate the holes would be worth more than the original dollar. There is "fiat" with a vengeance. — [November i6,;i88i.] THE PARLOR TABLK This is the latest and newest journal that has come from the press in Penobscot county. It is new in man- ner and new in matter. It is a quarto sheet of three columns to the page, is daintily printed, and is appro- priate for the repository whose name it has assumed. It is designed for "the society of the Queen City of the East, long famous for intellectual brilliancy and social charm," and promises to "chronicle [for it], with taste and accuracy, the events in the social world, besides fur- nishing, in its advertising columns, a trustworthy and in- teresting guide to our emporiums of commerce." The contents are from the pens of Bangor writers, and relate to matters of interest to the tenants of the parlor, a portion being advertisements designed to attract their attention. Its imprint announces it to be "a social and literary journal; published monthly, at Bangor, Maine; terms, 50 cents a year; John H. Bacon, publisher." The editor is understood to be the son of the cele- brated author, and compiler of the Poets and Poetry of America, a young man of rare abilities — the author of the "P. Q. Indexor." The first number was issued in November, 1881, and has enough of interest to justify the publisher in the be- lief that there will be a good demand for succeeding numbers. THE DEXTER GAZETTE. This journal was established in 1862 by Rev. J. F. Witherell, a Universalist clergyman. In August, i86g, the establishment was bought by Messrs. Robbins & Gal- lison. Mr. Gallison continued in the firm something more than two years; he then sold out his interest to Mr. Robbins, who carried on the establishment alone for sev- eral years. In 1878 Mr. Robbins formed a business con- nection with Mr. M. F. Herring, and they published the paper as copartners until 1880, when Mr. Herring pur- chased Mr. Robbins's interest and became and continues to be the sole proprietor. The Gazette is a large sheet of twenty-seven by forty- one inches, and eight columns to the page. With the growth of the town it has greatly enlarged its proportions. It was originally a "seven by nine" sheet. It is a valu- able local journal, and the enterprising people of Dexter manifest their appreciation of it by giving it a substantial subscription list of at least 1,000, and a handsome ad- vertising support. The subscription price is $2 a year. THE PATTEN VOICE was a small 6 x 8-inch two-column local paper, pab- lished in Patten by William Sleeper in 1866-67. I' was the enterprise of an ambitious lad, who wanted oc- cupation and amusement. It obtained a circulation of three thousand copies at 25 cents a year. After being published in Patten about a year, it was removed to Sherman, in Aroostook county, where it was published under the name of 85« aiSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUnTY, MAINE. THE VOICE. In 187 1 it was sold to L. H. Caldwell, who enlarged it to a six-column folio. In 1873 it was sold to E. D. Pratt, who removed it to Patten in 1874 and changed the name to tHE PATTEN TRIBUNE, and enlarged it to a seven-column folio. It was pub- lished until September, 1875, when it was suspended, and the subscription list was transferred to the Katah- din Kalendar, a weekly sheet published in Sherman by Dr. D. H. Owens. The community in which the Voice and Tribune were published is an intelligent and thriving, but somewhat isolated one, in almost the extreme north of the county, and a local paper there is a desideratum and conveni- ence. THE NEWPORT NEWS. This was a sprightly weekly folio, published in the ex- treme westerly part of the county, more than a hundred miles from Patten — as the road runs — in 1876, by Mr. Stevens. It was the news medium of Newport and neighboring towns, nonpartisan, wide awake, and quite popular; but there was not patronage by subscriptions and advertisements adequate to its support, and in a year or so it went to its bourne. Its publisher could not live on air simply, even when freighted with sweet promises from human lips. It was succeeded late in the year 1878 by a paper called THE EAGLE, which was published a few months by Mr. Marchant, and then discontinued. It was a six-column folio. Want of support was the complaint of which it died. It was suc- ceeded, in 1879, by THE NEWPORT TIMES, a bright, spicy, Republican newspaper. This was pub- lished every Saturday by R. O. Robbins, editor and pro- prietor, at $1.50 a year. It supplied its readers with the news of the neighboring towns, as its predecessor, the News, had done. It was a four-column quarto, well printed, fairly edited, and as unobjectionable as a partisan journal could well be, but it did not survive its second year. It was hinted by some invidious person that it died of "chronicles," but the truth is it died of that air which was so fatal to the News. The town of Newport has many intelligent and enter- prising citizens. It is surrounded by thriving towns, with intelligent people. It is a good location for a newspaper, and ought to have one, but it cannot unless its people will make up their minds to sustain it after the novelty of its first appearance has worn off, and to overlook an occasional mistake, to which all newspapers are liable in some form or other. COLLEGE REPORTER, was the title of a journal published monthly at the State College in Orono, under the auspices of the students, from 1874 to 1879. It was devoted to the interests of the college and students. It was succeeded by THE PENDULUM, which is published annually at the college, and is some- what original. It has numerous illustrations, which, if preserved, will perpetuate the wit and wisdom of the graduating classes, and peradventure of others connected with the college. The publications of the college, as yet, are only the annual reports and catalogues. THE WEEKLY HERALD, This was a small four-page paper established in Co- rinna in March, 1879, by Fred. J. Whiting, and pub- lished at seventy-five cents a year. It was devoted to local interests. In 1880 Mr. Whiting removed his office into Eagle block on Dexter street, and formed a copartnership with Mr. A. Phinney, and enlarged the paper from a four- column to a six-column folio, and changed its name to THE CORINNA HERALD, increased the subscription price to $1.25 per year, and^ gave its subscribers more reading matter than the Weekly Herald contained. Messrs. Whiting & Phinney continued to publish the paper in Corinna until July or August, 1881, when it was removed to Pittsfield, in Somerset county, and the origi- nal naine, "Weekly Herald," was restored. So far as the writer has had an opportunity to judge, the living press of Penobscot county is generally ably managed. Individuals will criticise, some this thing, some that; but intelligent readers are quite united iri their condemnation of personal bickering, blackguard- ism, vituperation, or passionate denunciation of oppo- nents in newspapers as not within the scope of their intended patronage, and as not a perquisite of dignified editors. CHAPTER XV. The Newport & Dexter Branch of the Maine Central Railroad, under the auspices of the latter company, is to be extended northeasterly into Aroostook county. The following notice was given the surveying parties about the ist of December, 1881, by the Aroostook Pioneer: The Presque Isle party have reached Masardis, having covered; forty miles. They found an easy route from Presque Isle to Ashland with one exception — five miles below the latter town — where there will he some heavy work required. From Masardis they will follow the Aroos- took valley to Oxbow, eight miles, thence south in the direction of Pat- ten, a town of considerable importance, lying upon the east line of Penobscot county, thirty-five miles west of Houlton. The Dexter party are working their way toward Patten , which they will reach in two or three weeks. The weather has been very favorable, and no seri- ous obstacles have been encountered. CHAPTER XVI. Aaron Littlefield Simpson, son of David and Relief Simpson, was born in Dixmont. His father David was, born in New Hampshire, and came when a young man to what was then Frankfort — now Winterport. He was married to Relief Littlefield just before the War of 181 2. Enlisting in that war, he served one year under General Hampton, and was in the battles of Shadagee and Stone Mill. After his return from the army he moved into what is now the town of Dixmont. It was then a wilderness, and was owned by proprietors who held the land vety MiSTORY OF Pfi^OB^COt COUiSTTY, MAINfi. ^53 high. He paid $5 an acre for his farm. Frankfort, a distance of fifteen miles, was the nearest market, and life was a struggle, the seasons being cold and crops poor. David and Relief Simpson had nine children, one daugh- ter and eight sons. Aaron L. was the fourth child. He spent his boyhood days in aiding to clear and cultivate the farm. He was enabled to get only about three months' schooling at a distant district school in a year ; but to make more rapid progress during those few months, besides the few branches then taught he took extra stiidies, carrying home his books, and by the open fire- light in the evening he tried to get an education. Even dipped tallow candles were too expensive to be used for such an occasion. After leaving the district schools he acquired an academic education, earning the money to pay his expenses by teaching schools during the winter months and farming during the summer vacations. After finishing his academic, course he entered the law office of John H. Norris, Esq., of Newport, and read law with him two years, teaching during the winter months. He then came to Bangor and entered the office of Albert W. Paine, where he read law one year. He was then admit- ted to the Bar in June, 1848, at Bangol-. The same year he opened a law office in Bangor, where he has remained in successful practice ever since. He has been married twice, the first time in 1855, by which marriage one daughter was born to him. In 1865 he was married in Taunton, Massachusetts, to Miss Corfelli C. Williams, by whom he has had a daughter and a son. AH of his children are now living. Having been nurtured upon a farm, he has never lost his interest in farming, and has given much attention to horticulture. He was in the civil posse in the Aroostook war. He served three years as a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and has held many other offices of trust — :six years as City Solici- tor of Bangor, two ^ ears as Chairman of Superintending School Cominittee, and four years as member of the city government (one year as President of the Council.) He has always manifested a public spirit, taking a great in- terest in the affairs of the^ city, especially her public schools. He has always taken a great interest in politics. Before the war he was a Democrat. In i860 he voted for Stephen A. Douglas for President and acted during the first year of the war with the Douglas Democrats, and was among the first of them to join the Administra- tion party and aided in sustaining the war, taking the stump in its support. . CHAPTER XVII. Add the following notices to the bibliography : Palmer, Mason S. (Corinth). History of Corinth in this History of Penobscot County.... A paper on a Better Representation of a Pine Tree in the Seal of the State of Maine, 1879 The Origin and Design of Picnics; 8 pp; Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1850.... The Robin, Thrush, and Wren, a poem, 1878 Sever- al addresses. ... Communications to Bangor Whig and Courier, and Piscataquis Observer, Maine; St. Alban's Journal, Vermont; Berkshire Eagle, Massachusetts, and other newspapers and magazines. Hatch, Mrs. Elizabeth P. (Bangor). Single and Married, 1845.... The Old Elm, 1847! .. .Household Qireries.. ..A Home Phase of Slavery; the Despotism of Fashion. . . . How Shall we Amuse Ourselves. . . .New Year's Eve .... The Two Homes, with others which have appeared in book form. [Add Guernsey, Frederick R. (Bangor).] Contribu- tor to magazines and newspapers . . . . " The Exodus " was widely known. . . .On the staff of the Bangor Com- mercial, and for a longer period the Boston Herald. Emory Mrs. Ada Wiswall (Bangor). Sea sketches, correspondence, etc., for Portland Transcript, and other papers and magazines. Kaler, James (Bangor). A contributor to magazines and literary papers. McGaw, Thornton (Bangor). A contributor to the Knickerbocker Magazine, etc. [Add to notice of Rev. Charles Carroll Everett, D. D.] A discourse on Rev. Leonard Woods, D. D., LL. D., delivered before Bowdoin College and the'Maine Historical Society, 1879, in volumes Maine Historical Collections, 1881; pp. 31. ,, [Add to notice of Rev. Dr. Mason, p. 237]. A Com- pleted' Life. . . .In memory of Rev. Richard Woodhall, Bangor; 15 pp; Rockland, 1873. a- TOWNS AND VILLAGES. [Brewer]. The following addition should be made to the biographical sketch of Mr. Williani P. Burr: He wks one of the charter members of the Brewer Savings Bank in 1865, and was chosen one of the Trustees, which office he has hfeld, with that of President for the past two years, since its organization to the present time. [CjiRMEL]. Dr. J. P; Benjamin, one of the oldest settlers of Carmel, is the son of John Benjamin, of Livermore, Mainift"''' He came here about 1807 or 1808. He married Rebec'ca, daughter of Satnuel Benson, of Plymouth, Mas- sachusetts. They had six children — five girls and one boyf'viz: Lucette, now Mrs? Cobb, of Bangor; Rebecca, nowsMrs. Levi Cobb, of Bangor; Esther, wife of Colonel AvissPy, of Exeter, now deceased ; Sarah, now; Mrs. Willey, of this town; Susan, now living in Barigor, and J;''P;, the subject 'of this sketch. Dr. Behjaniih was born in 1822, and after receiving the education obtained in the common schools he attended the academy at China, and also the Newport Academy. After leaving these schools he studied medicine with John Benson, of Waterville, for four years. He attended lectures in Brunswick, Maine, at Medical College there; graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1853. He then came back here to his native town and began the practice of medicine, where he has ever since lived. In 1855 he married Mary A. Hopkins, daughter of Elisha Hopkins, who came here from Hampden. He followed the sea before coming here. He opened the second store in this town, the first store then being kept by John Fuller, who was the first trader here. To this union there have been born three children, viz : John F., Elmer H., and Linnie, all of whom are now living. Dr. 8S4 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Benjamin has not held public office, always preferring to give his entire attention to his profession. [Corinth.]— Charles H. Bean is -the son of Reuben Bean, who came here from New Hampshire about 1830. His wife's name was Mary Smith, of New Hampshire. They had twelve children — eight boys and four girls, viz: Clara, now Mrs. Cheeney; Diana, now Mrs. Mar- rows; Diantha, now Mrs. Blake; Mariette, now Mrs. Fairbanks ; Augustus, Albert, Sumner, Charles, Reuben, Edward and Edwin (twins), and Hobart. Charles H., the subject of this ' sketch, was born in 1835. ^^ married Sarah Jane Libby, daughter of Alfred Libby, of Charleston. They have two children, having lost two, viz : Charles, Medora, Unie, Josie. The two first they have buried. Mr. Bean first settled in Corinth, where he has since lived. He is a farmer, and has a fine farcn of one hundred and fifteen acres in the south part of Corinth. He is a progressive and successful farmer. [Eddington]. — The year of birth of Colonel Eddy was 1726. He was son of Eleazer and Elizabeth (Cobb.) Eddy. In April, 1759, he started for Fort Cumberland in Nova Scotia, with a company of .soldiers he had re- cruited, and not as an emigrant. He was on duty as Captain of the company until it was discharged Septem- ber 30, 1760, after which he bought lands at Fort Cum- berland, some of which were owned by his descendants as late as 1876. It seems that Mr. Williamson, the historian, is in error in saying that Colonel Eddy "received no aid nor direct encouragement" from the General Court of Massachu- setts, in 1776, for his projected expedition against Fort Cumberland. On the contrary, he was granted supplies of ordnance and commissary stores. For much other valuable matter, see the Memoir of Colonel Eddy, published in 1877 by Colonel Joseph W. Porter, now of Bangor. [Garland.] — Calvin P. Berry, of Garland, is a son of Stephen A. Berry, who came to Penobscot county with his parents in 1824. His grandfather, Stephen Berry, was a native of New Hampshire. He was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, in 1771, and died in Exeter in 1836. His wife was Alice Chamberlain, born in 1780, and died in 185 1. Stephen Berry was a Colonel of the New Hampshire militia. After coming to Maine, he was for many years a surveyor. Of his family Ira now lives in Portland; Clementina (Mrs. Harvey) lives in Maxfield, and Stephen A., in Garland. Stephen A. Berry was born in New Durham, New Hampshire, in 1806, and came to this county in 1824, with his parents. He married Mary L. Pratt in 1834. The surviving members of their family are Calvin P., of Garland; Mary C, now Mrs. O. W. Twitchell, of Cambridgeport, Massachusetts; Thomas L., of Garland, and Frank S., of Reno, Nevada. Two sons, Arthur A. and Stephen G., died in the service of their country in the late war. Mrs. Berry died in 1863 at the age of fifty-six. Calvin P. Berry was born at Garland in 183.";. Mr. Berry has been engaged in farm- ing, and at the carpenter business. He has served as school committee of his town, and was elected to the Legislature in 1881 on the Republican ticket. [Orono.] — Mr. A. G. Ring, of Orono, is a son of George Ring, Jr., and a grandson of George Ring, who was a native of Georgetown, Maine. He was born in 1759, and settled in Orono in 1799. He married Mar- garet Foster, who was born in 1763 in Bath. Mr. Ring was one of the pioneer lumbermen on the Penobscot. He died in Orono in 1812; Mrs. Ring died in 1813. George Ring, Jr., father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Georgetown, Maine, March 2, 1795, and came to Orono in 1799 with his father, when but four years old. He rnarried Mary Lancaster June 29, 1820. She was born in Bangor May 19, 1795. They had eight children, four sons and four daughters, of whom four are now living in Orono, viz: A. G, E. T., C. B., and Mrs. . M. J. Parker. Mr. Ring followed the business of his father, and was widely known as a lumberman. He died October 6, 1878. Mrs. Ring is still living, being now eighty-five years old. A. G. Ring was born in Orono June 29, 1821. He married Miss Ann R. Frost Febru- ary II, 1849. She was born in Gorham, Maine, May 16, 1827. This couple have had five children, viz: Mrs. Anna H. Hamilton, of Orono; Miss M. F. Ring, in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Nellie E., Grace P., and Na- than A., at home. At the age of sixteen Mr. Ring com- menced in the lumber business, working in the mills in Orono. He has followed the business in some capacity ever since. From 1869 to 1875, he was one of the Se- lectmen of his town. BRADLEY. ftheffoUowing addition to the History of Bradley, by Mr. A. M. Austin, of Milford, has been received Since the preceding sltetch was printed.] Bradley village is situated on the Penobscot River, eleven miles from Bangor. The village is in the extreme northern part of the town, on the river. The town of Brad- ley is on the Penobscot River, a few miles above Bangor, between Milford on the north and. Eddington on the south. It is a Uttle irregular in its form and somewhat larger in area than most New England towns. The sur- face is not very uneven in its character, though some of it is rocky, and ledges are quite numerous. Its soil is not all of the best quality, but there are a number of good farms. It is pretty well watered; two streams. Great Works and Blackman or Nichols Streams, rise not far from the southeast corner of the town and cross it diagonally, nearly parallel with each other. These streams afford numerous sites for manufacturing purposes ; there being no less than eighteen water-powers on them, of which eleven are on Great Works Stream and seven on the Blackman Stream. These, with three powers on the Penobscot, afford opportunities for manufacturing pur- poses of the highest order ; and if they were improved to their fullest capacity they would make Bradley one of the important manufacturing centers of the country. Water- power is the one thing for which Maine is pre-eminent above all other States. It is so abundant, in fact, that only the most important and accessible are of much value. This is especially the case in Bradley. Of the twenty-one powers in the town, but five or six have ever been improved. The most important and valuable of the water-powers of Bradley is the Great Works power so called, on the Penobscot between Bradley village and West Great Works village in Oldtown. This is one of the best of the very valuable powers on that river, and it is the seat of a very important manufacturing business. It is in the hands of the Great Works Milling and Manufacturing Company, one of the most active and enterprising con- cerns on the rivers. They have erected and maintain in the best possible condition two blocks of saw-mills and one clapboard- and shingle-mill. In said blocks are three gang-mills, one circular saw-mill, and several muley and single saw-mills for the manufacture of long lumber, with a capacity for twenty-five millions of long lumber, besides shingle-, clapboard-, lath-, and stave-miUs suffi- cient to produce thirty millions in the season of seven months^-'day runs only. These mills are operated by two Bangor concerns, Messrs. Cutter & Eddy, and Messrs. L. & F. N. Strickland, whose business capacity is shown in the fact that these mills, though less favor- ,ably situated, as far as railroad facilities are concerned. have been kept in operation through all the hard timeSj when nearly all other mills on the river were obliged to suspend operations. This power, valuable as it is, might be greatly improved by extending the dam down the river a quarter of a mile below the mills to a point just below the mouth of Great Works Stream. This would increase the head and fall two feet, making a total head of thirteen feet. It would greatly augment the capacity of mill-ponds for storing logs, and perhaps make this the tnost valuable and convenient power for lumber manufac^ turing purposes on the Penobscot. A flourishmg village has grown up about these mills. It has a population of about seven hundred inhabitants, who are mainly dependent on the business furnished by the development of this power. The only other approach to a village is two miles below, at the Blackman mills. There is a store and saw^ mill that once did a flourishing business, but the cutting of the timber in the basin of that stream, and the ten- dency of the lumber business at this time to seek the rail^ road, have seriously diminished the importance of these mills. The principal farming section of the town is on the road running parallel with the Penobscot, in the western^ part of the town. This is the seat of the earliest settle- ment of the town, and contains the oldest and most val- uable farms. The section of the town away from the Penobscot is mostly forest, it being estimated that four- fifths of the town is in an unimproved state. The original growth has been cut off, but the second growth has be- come available to some extent, and Great Works Stream^ is still the seat of lumbering operations. Who was the first pastor to settle within the hmits of what is now the town of Bradley is a debatable question. There has been no record made that is reliable, and the memory of the oldest inhabitant does not reach back far enough to settle it. It rests only on tradition, and^ traditions are not considered so thoroughly reliable as entirely to satisfy the impartial historian. But it is cer- tain that the first settlement was made in Bradley while the Revolutionary war was being waged. At this time Bradley was a part of the territory belonging to the Pe- nobscot Indians, and it is probable that the very few set- tlers who took possession of portions of the town, if they had any recognized rights to the soil they occupied, ac- quired it directly from the chief men of the Penobscot? tribe. Prior to 1776 what is now the township of Bradley was a part of the six-mile strip, extending from the head 8S5 856 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. of the tide on the left bank to the head of the Penobscot River. In the year 1796 it was purchased of the authorities of the Penobscot or Tarratine tribe by commissioners of the State of Massachusetts, and was shortly after surveyed and opened for settlement. It was known from this time as No. 4, until its incorpo-- ration. In 1774 the celebrated chief, Orono, was settled just across the Penobscot from Bradley, and before the peace of 1783 it is probable that the white man's axe had made its mark on the virgin forest of this town, and that a log cabin had been erected which afforded shelter to some hardy pioneer, and was the extreme northern limit of civilization on the left bank of the Penobscot when the army of Lord Cornwallis was cooped up at Yurktown, and the soldiers of France and America were performing the gallant deed that gave to the United States an undisputed place among the nations of the earth. At the time the white man made his appearance within the limits of what is now the town of Bradley, Orono was at the head of the Penobscot tribe. He was then quite old, and was, as he always had been, quite friendly to the white settlers. The very few settlers who were in this town previous to its purchase by the whites in 1796, were not regarded with any but the most friendly feelings. Before the beginning of the present century, families by the name of Oliver, Spencer, Blackman, and probably others, were occupying No. 4, Old Indian Purchase, as Bradley was then called. . This was before the era of lumbering, and hunting, fishing and farming were the only avocations open to the early settlers. Game was abundant and taken without difificulty. In the springtime the river abounded in the finest fish, and the pioneer settler of those days soon made an opening on the bleak hill sides, and the tasseled corn and waving rye grew up around the blackened stumps and prostrate trunks of trees — all that axe and fire had left of trees that had battled with the breezes of centuries. It is one of the lost arts at this time, but our forefath- ers knew how to carve out a living for themselves and families on the thin soil of Eastern Maine; and they took possession of the wilderness in spite of its cold and in- hospitable cUmate. The first settlers of Bradley were not deterred. by the rigors of the Northern wilderness. For luxuries they cared little, and when the log cabins were erected they were satisfied to wait until such time as they had. wrested from their sterile surroundings the means to erect better and more commodious habitations. They were not obliged to clear extensive tracts for pas- turing purposes, The wilderness afforded a wide range, and marking their cattle they made it a common pasture for all who chose to occupy it. The large meadow on Great Works Stream was taken possession of for a hay field. It was a primitive way of living, but it is these primitive methods that have developed a large portion of our country. At first Bradley progressed slowly. The settlers were all on the main river,, and here they were, not at all crowded. ..The pioneer, settler is not apt to be. Here- quires a large amount of room, and when his neighbors become too handy he is pretty sure to advance still further into the wilderness. But quite early in the cen- tury a settlement was begun several miles up Great Works Stream, and a few years afterwards a saw-mill was built here. The mill was burnt sometime afterward, but it was and is now known as the Buck Mills. At the commencement of the last war (1812) quite a number of families were occupying N0.4, and were living in the way that has been. described. The war, probably, in a measure, retarded the development of the place, and for several years after the war the business of the country was in such a condition that but litile attention was paid to the undeveloped region of Eastern Maine. But by 1820 a tide of emigration was attracted towards the Pe- nobscot, and Bradley commenced to make an increase. At this time the lumberirg resources of the Penobscot began to attract attention and mills had been built at various places along the river. The manufacturing facilities of the town began to be recognized and mills were built at Bradley. At this time a man by the name of Wilson had put up a double saw- mill on the falls. He also traded in a small way, keep- ing a limited stock of goods in his dwelling house. Shortly afterwards Frederick Spofford built a saw-mill and a small store, and did business on the most extensive scale that had yet been done in the township. A mill was soon after built in Blackman Stream which, with the mill that was built on Great Works Stream by Coolridge, made ample saw-mill accommodations for the settlers and pro- duced some lumber for export. Prior to 1825 Bradley was known as No. 4 Plantation, but was probably not legally organized until the year just named. In that year John Wilson, Treasurer of Pe- nobscot county, informed the inhabitants of No. 4 that they must pay a county tax, and that they must organ- ize as a plantation by choosing ofiScers and report to him or his successors the action taken by them. It appears that Thomas S. Cram was acting as Clerk, and he accordingly warned the inhabitants to meet and perfect their organization. They met according to notice and Frederick Spofford was chosen Moderator, Thomas S. Cram, Town Clerk; Thomas S. Cram, George Vincent, and Frederick Spofford, Assessors; Bradley Blackman, Treasurer. Mr. Blackman was Treasurer of the Planta- tipn and of the town of Bradley for many years,, and took quite an important part in the early settlement of the township. At this time No. 4 was classed with Brewer, Orrington, and Eddington, for the purpose of electing a Representative to the Legislature. When the Plantation was organized it contained two school districts, and Moses Knapp and Jordan Grant were chosen School Agents. From this time the progress of the Plantation was quite rapid, arid the improvement of the water-power on the Penobscot on an extensive scale was the commencement of the village of Bradley, or Great Works, as it was fqr a long time und is now sometimes called. The organization of the Great Works Milling and Manufacturing Company, and the building of the large HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 8S7 block of mills about 1833, was a great event for Bradley, and established a business that has ever since been kept on a flourishing basis. The building of these mills started several stores into operation. These mills and the business established by them made the Plantation ambitious, and a movement was started to incorporate a new town. Accordingly the Legislature was petitioned for that purpose. This was in 1834, and on the 3d of February, 1835, the Governor signed a bill incorporating the town. The inhabitants of the town, at a meeting held on the 29th of June, 1835, accepted the act of incorporation, and organized by choosing the proper officers. At this meeting Nelson C. Pratt was chosen Moderator; Joseph Williams, Clerk; Joseph Williams, Reuben Pratt, and John D. Carter, Selectmen; Bradley Blackman, Treasurer. It is said that the town was named Bradley as a com- pliment to Bradley Blackman, one of the oldest settlers, who had been one of the prominent citizens of the Planta- tion. The Blackmans were among the earliest settlers, and there are now and always have been quite a number of families by that name resident in the town. The condition of business at the time the town was in- corporated was very flourishing. It was a period of ac- tivity and speculation. Everything was run on the high- pressure principle. The timber land of the Penobscot Valley was in great demand, and purchasers were flock- ing thither from all parts of the country. Prices, too, were inflated to the utmost, and when the panic of 1837 came the crash that ensued was sharp and sudden. Be- fore the collapse everybody (for every person was specu- lating in something, either timber land or town lots) was rich. After this, all but the very few fortunate ones who had sold at the right moment were poor. It was quite a blow to Bradley village, then just developing, for the times for several years following were quite hard. But the mills which had just been built were kept running, and in a few years matters began to improve again. At this time the mills were all single saws, which were just adapted to the logs then cut. All the lumber cut on the river was pine of the largest size and of a quality that would astonish the lumbermen of the present day. It was sawed into such lumber as the market called for, made into immense rafts at the foot of the mills, floated by the current of the river to Bangor, where it was shipped to Boston and such other ports as required. Bradley was invariably fortunate in one thing — the mills at the village have always been in good hands. At this time the owners were practical lumbermen, and en- gaged in the business themselves. In many of the other towns on the river the mills have been and are now owned by capitalists who rent saws to parties who oper- ate them by cutting or buying logs which they manufac- ture into lumber. This lumber they run to Bangor to commission merchants, who sell for them at a com- mission on long lumber of five per cent. Rents and com- missions take a large part of the profits and in dull times saws are not always rented. But in Brad- ley the mills have generally been run. The owners being engaged in the lumber business themselves have 108 kept the mills in good condition and kept them in oper- ation, the only difference to them being that in dull times the ledger showed a smaller percentage of profit. In 1839 George Vmcent, one of the prominent citizens of Bradley, was a candidate for Representative to the State Legislature for the district in which Bradley was included, but he was not elected. The next year Brad- ley was more fortunate, and Hiram Emery was chosen to the same office. Mr. Emery was connected with the mills at Bradley at that time, and was quite an important citizen of the town. He was chosen to all the important offices in the gift of the inhabitants, and was Town Clerk for a long series of years; the records written down by him are models which future clerks may well imitate. The period extending from 1840 to 1850 was a pros- perous one; the mills were kept running to their full ca- pacity. The Bradley lumbermen were active and enter- prising, and the village of Bradley, or Great Works, that was growing up around the large block of mills on the river made quite an increase in this decade. The farm- ing population of the town also made some improvements in the appearance and condition of the land they culti- vated; but the abundance of lumber and the facilities for producing it have caused farming to be regarded as a matter of little importance in almost all the towns on the upper Penobscot. But a change is beginning to be felt in this respect, and the scarcity and diminished cut of lumber will soon give to farming the respect and im- portance to which it is entitled. Some changes in the machinery of the mills were made at this time. Gang mills had come into vogue as an improvement on the old single saw, and iron wheels were rapidly taking the place of the old wooden flutter wheel. The primitive form of iron wheel would be re- garded as quite a curiosity in these days of turbines and improved turbines; but they were received with great favor at the time of their introduction, and indeed they were well adapted to the privileges then generally in use on the Penobscot, where water was so abundant at all seasons of the year, that but little heed was taken to save it. The operators in Bradley at this time were Eddy & Murphy, Newell Avery, and others. Eddy & Murphy afterwards went to Michigan and en- gaged in lumbering there. Mr. Murphy is still a resident of that State, and is one of the solid men of that section. At a later date Avery also went to Michigan, where he likewise engaged in the lumber business. He was very fortunate and became quite wealthy. At that time and a little later, when the West was being opened up to set- tlement, and its natural advantages for lumbering on an extensive scale were being availed of, it was often the case that many of the most successful operators were from the Penobscot country, the experience acquired there insuring them success in the newer and richer country. Others besides those named went from Brad- ley to Michigan and the Northwest, and have been more successful, probably, in the newer and richer West than they would have been on the Penobscot. By the year 1850 the Bradley mills were in outward appearance nearly the same as they are now, and the internal arrange- 8s8 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. merit did not present a very great difference. They con- tained more single saws, and less short lumber was pro- duced than at the present time. The large block on the main river, the small mill near the mouth of Great Works Stream, owned by Nehemiah Kittredge, and the mills on Blackman's Stream, were all actively employed. The lumber business was good, and until 1857 there was no time that lumber was not in demand. Everybody was employed who wished to work, at good wages. But the town did not grow so fast as it did the preceding decade; but that is easily accounted for. The lumber business had reached its maximum limit. All the water-powers below the boom were occupied by saw-mills. A quantity of logs sufficient to stock the mills was cut each year. This is the reason why the villages on the Penobscot, which started up so rapidly with the building of a block of saw-mills, have made no greater progress. The lum- ber business soon reached the point where no increase could be made, and when that point was reached but little progress was made afterwards. So it was with Bradley. Its. period of rapid growth had passed, and its growth from this time forward if sure was to be slow. The manifestations from which Spiritualism took its rise had happened a short time before this, and when the new doctrine began to be accepted as spiritual or relig- ious belief, it found many adherents in Bradley. Hosea B. Emery, an enterprising merchant and one of the lead- ing citizens of Bradley, was one of the firmest believers in the new faith, and his influence had much to do with the strong hold that Spiritualism took in Bradley. His house was a headquarters of the new belief, and medi- ums and lecturers were always welcome. By him and many others Spiritualism was earnestly believed, and it always has been, and is now accepted by many of the citizens of Bradle)-. In rSsi Bradley was classed with the towns of Hol- den, Clifton, Eddington, Milford, and Greenbush, into a representative district, and the same classification has been maintained ever since. Arrangements were made in the first conventions held by the different parties after the classification, assigning years in which the different towns should be entitled to nominate the candidates for Representatives. As matters were arranged Bradley was entitled to the candidates in 1853 and 1858. Edwin Eddy was chosen by the District in 1853, and alsoin.1858. In 1853 he was elected by the Democrats, and in 1858 by the Republican party. The town of Bradley, as well as the district of which it is a part, had been pretty uni- formly Democratic until the formation of the Republican party, when a change occurred, and this town, as well as the district, has rolled up a strong majority for the Re- publicans nearly ever since. At the March meeting in 1857 the electors of the town by vote instructed the Selectmen to authorize one man to sell spirituous liquors and " to shut up all other places so as not to leak a drop." No tavern has ever been kept here, and Bradley has an excellent record as a temperance town, though at times there have been shops that retailed ardent spirits. But the general sentiment of the town has always been opposed to the selling or drinking of spirituous liquors as a beverage. The vote of the town was, perhaps, obeyed that year, but since then there have been places that leaked to an ex- tent that can hardly be measured by drops, yet these places have not been allowed to have a long run, and of late years the town has been generally free from places of this kind. Bradley has never been encroached upon by railroads! In its plantation days a project was formed and a charter obtained for a railroad from Bucksport to Milford, fol- lowing the Penobscot River on the eastern shore. This railroad would have crossed the western part of Bradley, and would at this time be a great help to the lumber bus- iness, but it was never built, and as a railroad has been built on the other bank of the river it perhaps never will be. Before the building of the European & North American Railway, an express was run in connection with the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad, and though rather a roundabout way to Bangor, it was bet- ter than no railroad. The building of the European & North American Railway has made a more convenient conveyance, a ferry connecting Bradley with the village of West Great Works, in Oldtown, which is a station on that road. It has been proposed to build a bridge across the Penobscot here. This would afford Bradley all the rail- way facilities needed, and perhaps it will soon be done. The census taken in i860 showed only an increase of six and one-fourth per cent, in the population of the town, but the increase in valuation was much larger, showing that the wealth of the town increased faster than ' the population. In 1 86 1 the war for the preservation of the Union commenced, and the Government called for the support of all its citizens. Bradley did not waver in the least in its support, and all the regiments raised in the eastern part of the State contained its representatives. On the vari- ous battlefields in which they were engaged they fought faithfully, and the town has reason to be proud of its part in the war. The war lasted longer than many sup- posed it would, and calls for men came thick and fast. Volunteers did not come forward fast enough to supply the demand, and a draft was ordered; but drafts were never popular in this section, and at a later date volun- teers were raised, but at an immense cost. A large debt was incurred as a legacy of the war, but it was cheerfully borne and the taxation made necessary by it was paid in later years without murmuring. The first year of the war was a hard one as far as the lumber business was concerned, but the subsequent years, of great activity in business. The immense disburse- ments of the Government, and the large issues of paper money, made this a period of great activity, and had not every household been lamenting the absent ones, it might have been regarded as a time of happiness and prosperity. In 1861 Edwin Eddy was agaifi elected Representa- tive to the Legislature, being the third time he had been thus honored. In 1865 the war ended and many families were made happy in Bradley by the return of the loved ones. But not all of those who went forth so gladly and bravely HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. ^^59 when their country called returned; some had fallen in .the contest, and the "sacred soil" of Virginia was their last resting place. But though they returned not, they live still in the hearts of those who knew and loved them, and in the grateful memories of all who love their coun- try. The year 1865 was a good one for business, though many predicted the contrary. But the prosperity occa- sioned by the immense expenditures of the war was still kept up, and the year following was one of the best as far as business was concerned. There was no drought, and an immense stock of logs was in the river. Orders for lumber were plenty, and lumbermen generally were making money. About this time a lodge of Good Templars was started in Bradley village, and since that time it has generally been kept in a flourishing condition. This fact speaks volumes for the citizens of Bradley, as it requires deep interest and active effort in temperance work to maintain a lodge of Good Templars in good working condition for so long a tune in so small a place. To do this the town must be pervaded by a good, healthy temperance sentiment; and there is no doubt but Bradley is in an excellent position as far as the tem- perance question is concerned. In 1867 times were still good and the Bradley Mills, then operated by Cutler, Thatcher & Co., and Babb & Strickland, two Bangor concerns, were kept in active operation. All other branches of business were good also. The village was improving in. appearance and increasing, though somewhat slowly, in population. The farmers, too, were prosperous and busy. At this time a project was started to build a hall at the village, the need of which was severely felt. It was started by the right persons, and was pushed forward to a successful completion. It is a large and convenient hall, and is just where it was needed by the village. It stands on the main street in a convenient and accessi- ble location. When completed it was called Union Hall in honor of the unity of spirit and sentiment that charac- terized its builders. In 1868 Bradley again had the honor of sending a Representative to the Legislature. • Francis Blackman was chosen to represent the district by a large majority. The lumber business continued good, and in 1870 Messrs. Sawyer & Sons built a steam mill on Great Works Stream, near its entrance to the main river. It was the first steam mill ever built in Bradley, but it was not a success financially. Bradley is so plentifully supplied with water power that there seems to be no need of steam power. The census of 1870 showed only a small increase in the number of inhabitants, but twenty-three having been added during the ten years preceding; but the valuation had increased $52,000, showing that the town had been and was in a pretty prosperous condition. Matters re- mained in much the same condition for the next three years; the currency of the country was still in an inflated condition, and but few foresaw the financial stringency that must be endured before the water would be evapo- rated from the business of the country. In 1873 the panic came, and the five succeeding years were years of dullness and depression. It was the dullest period that was ever felt in the country, and labor was duller, perhaps, than anything else. In hard times food is as absolutely necessary as at any time; clothing cannot be conveniently dispensed with ; but new houses are not built, and old ones are not repaired much, when every energy is employed to drive the wolf from the door. But Bradley did not feel the hard times nearly so much as most of the other towns on the river. In the depressed state of the labor market and the intense com- petition of unemployed labor, wages must and did fall to a very low figure; but the mills at Bradley were in the right hands, owned and operated by the same men. They were kept running when most others were shut down. The hard times seemed to make but little dif- ference with the Bradley mills. Logs were still bought and driven to the mill, and the cut of lumber was nearly as large as in the palmiest "period of the lumber trade; and that, too, right in the face of the fact that the mills were not connected with any railroad, and most of the lumber was transported to market in the old-fashioned mannerof theprimitive lumberman. It speaks in thehigh- est terms of the business ability of the operators of the Bradley mills, that they were able to saw so much when most other concerns were doing little or nothing. In 1873 Bradley sent another Representative to the Legislature in the person of Job Brawn. He was elected by a handsome majority, and made an excellent member. In 1875 the Baptist people of Bradley began to think themselves able to support a church organization. They accordingly took the necessary steps to perfect one. . June 12 a meeting was held, and J. M. Bragg, E. A. Bragg, John Coulter, Hannah Coulter, Peter Curtis, Lizzie Curtis, Sarah Sawyer, M. Welch, Cvnthia Mcin- tosh, Ida Bean, Clara Gilman, Nettie Welch, Lillian Col- lins, and Warren Davis formally organized themselves into a church. J. M. Bragg was deacon, and Rev. Mr. Preston, of Oldtown, was the first pastor. This was the first church organization in the town, but meetings had always been held, though somewhat irregularly at times. The religious condition of the town was always on a par with the neighboring towns, and the reason that a church had not been organized before was because so many dif- ferent sects were represented. The new church has regularly kept up its meetings, and though not strong enough to support a pastor by itself, by connecting itself with Oldtown but few Sabbaths have passed without the presence of a minister of the Gospel. The Centennial year presented no notable features, as far as Bradley was concerned. It was the dullest of dull years, and was greatly lamented by those dependent on the lumber business for support. The succeeding year was a slight improvement on the preceding, but it presented many features that make its memory disagreeable to the lumberman. The next year, 1878, was the year that the Greenback wave swept over Maine, and Bradley, for the first time for many years, failed to roll up a majority for the Re- publicans. 86o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The next year showed a decided improvement in lum- ber and all other branches of business. The mills were run to their fullest capacity, everybody was employed, and wages were slightly better. In November of this year James J. Norris was mur- dered in a most shocking manner. Mr. Norris was one of the most capable and respected citizens of Bradley, and had been the recipient of all the offices in the gift of the town. He had been Representative to the Legis- lature in 1863, and at the time of his death was Treas- urer of the town, which office he held for a number of years. He was resident agent for Messrs. Cutler & Eddy, managing their extensive business in Bradley. In this position he handled large sums of money, and generally had money on hand, which he kept in the safe in the office. Joseph Bolduc, a Frenchman from Canada, who had been employed in the mills but had lately been dis- charged, conceived the idea that Mr. Norris was the cause of his discharge, and determined to have revenge. Mr. Norris was accustomed to write late in his office in the evening, and Bolduc, knowing his habit, secured an axe and awaited him outside the office. Between 9 and 10 p. M. Mr. Norris finished his labor and started for home. He was met by Bolduc, who struck him with the axe and in a moment laid him dead on the spot. He then burst open the safe and rifled it of its contents. Mr. Norris was found in the morning, and Bolduc took the early train for Quebec. But suspicion was attracted toward him, and by means of the telegraph he was over- hauled at Newport and arrested. He was tried, found guilty, and is now in the State prison at Thomaston, serving out a life sentence. The succeeding year, 1880, was one of great activity. The demand for lumber was greater than the supply, and all branches of business were in a flourishing condition. The drought was severe, but a large cut of lumber was produced by the Bradley mills, they being in such excel- lent condition that they are not much affected by a drought. Frank Liverraore was chosen Representative to the Legislature, it being Bradley's turn to select the candi- date. In the winter of 1880-81 the capacity of the mills for the production of lumber was enlarged by the addition of a circular saw-mill to the machinery. The season of i88r was one of the most favorable for sawing ever known. The river was at a high pitch, and the burning of the mills at West Great Works, on the other side of the river, made the water at Bradley even better than at other places on the stream. An unprecedentedly large cut was the result, which has been sold at remunerative prices. The Baptist society erected a church on a pleasant lo- cation in the village. It is a quite handsome and con- venient structure, and is an ornament and honor to the village. 'Bradley is now in a prosperous condition. The mill property is in the best of hands, and all other kinds of business flourishing. The town has improved much in appearance, and there is reason to believe that it is grow- ing faster than at any time since 1840; and with its spir- itual, moral, and intellectual condition constantly improv- ing as they are, it must be one of the most pleasant towns in the county to live in. It is not a large town, but still has natural advantages that, improved as they ought to be, will make it a populous and important place. DEXTER. [The following valuable contribution to the History of Dexter, by Volney A. Sprague, Esq., of that town, was received too late for insertion in its proper place.] From the date of the first settlement in Maine, by George Popham, in the year 1607, to the year 1760, the history of Maine presents a rapid succession of Indian wars, wherein savage cunning and hate mingles strangely with Anglo-Saxon pluck. At that time the power of the natives became completely broken, and they continued to exist merely a band of mendicants, subsisting on the bounty of their conquerors. Up to this time the Dis- . trict of Maine was organized in only one county, the county of York. In 1760 the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln were organized, Lincoln to contain all the State east of Cumberland. Thus Dexter was in Lincoln county till 1790, when the county of Hancock was formed, so that • the settlement of Dexter was commenced when included in the territory of Hancock county. The county of Penobscot was organized in 1816 with Bangor for a shire-town, its limits including the county of Piscataquis. We need say nothing more of the county. The town of Dexter until its settlement was of course an unbroken wilderness, with occasional tracts of excel- lent timber, consisting of pine, spruce and juniper. It being the highest land between the Penobscot and Ken- nebec rivers, the tribes of Norridgewock and of Penob- scot both claimed it as their hunting-ground, and we can only imagine the conflicts that may have taken place with- in our town limits, between those tribes in asserting their rights. Indian hunters sometimes used the stream and small lakes connected with it in their passage from the Kennebec to the Penobscot, and occasionally used the Dexter stream, but their usual course was to ascend the Sebasticook to Pittsfield ; take the west branch to Moose Pond in Harmony, then by way of Main Stream to the "nearest point on the Piscataquis river, thence down that river to the Penobscot. This way was circuitous, but they preferred a route like this, as they traveled mostly in canoes. The fact that Dexter is the highest ground be- tween the two rivers is shown by the waters in the east part of the town running into the Penobscot, and those of the west running into the Kennebec. Indeed, on the farm of N. G. Brackett a rivulet divides, a moiety flowing into each river. There is a question about the year in which the first settlement was made in Dexter, which we are not at present prepared to discuss. The exterior lines were surveyed in 1792 by Samuel Weston, and like all other towns in this part of the county, contains thirty-six square miles. The actual area is about 25,000 acres. The township, then known as No. 4, Range 5, north of the Waldo patent, soon after passed into the hands of pro- prietors by a contract from the State of Massachusetts. The original contract for the purchase of the territory of Dexter was made by James Bridge, the date of which I have not yet learned. Under this contract was granted a patent to Amos Bond and others, on the loth day of March, 1804. The township was surveyed into lots by Simeon Saf- ford, in 1803. In the year 1799, '^^ proprietors wishing to encourage immigration to the plantation, not only offered liberal in- ducements in lands to settlers, but also sent Samuel Elkins, a mill-wright, from Cornville to look up a site and build mills. He selected the outlet of what is now known as Silver Lake, and commenced immediate oper- ations. But little more was done that year than to clear away the underwood, fell and hew timber, and build a camp of hemlock bark. It is also urged that Ebenezer Small came and began work on a clearing in that year, but he certainly came the next year, cleared a small piece of land, and planted a crop. In this year, 1800, also came into town John Tucker, who felled trees on the farm owned by John Shaw; also Samuel Elkins, who cleared a patch on the site of the grist-mill. He also continued his preparations for erecting the proposed mill. Mr. Small built a house of unhewn logs, filling the interstices with clay and covering with hemlock bark. He also built a hovel, with poles inclined and secured at the top with elm and wickerby bark. In these humble structures he laid up the first crop raised in Dexter. These were the first buildings. We cannot avoid the conclusion that Mr. Small, who moved from Alton, New Hampshire, to Athens, in 1799, on his way to Dexter, really felled a patch of woods in the same year, on the hillside now owned by Josiah Crosby; that in the year 1800 he raised corn there, felled more trees, built his camp just north of the Stone Mill, and upon the crusted snows of the following spring, 1801, hauled his wife from Harmony, the nearest unobstructed point to his camp, fourteen miles, on a hand sled. This is as the story goes, but in fact Mrs. Small walked a good part of the way on snow shoes. They lived here about three years when he built a house on the hill, near the residence of Hiram Bassett, and several years later occupied the farm now owned by Charles C. Hatch, where he lived for many years. 861 862 HISTORY OF Penobscot county, maine. We accord to the plucky Small the no mean praise of clearing the first land, raising the first crop, building the first dwelling, and hauling the first white woman into Dexter. We accord to his .energetic wife the praise of being the first white woman that stepped on our native soil, that bore the first child, and took the first slide on a hand- sled. The ladies of Dexter, her fair representatives, continue to honor her example by coasting down the hills of our village, in spite of town ordinance or constable. The child born was Joannah Small, who married and is now living in Springfield, Maine. Mrs. Small at- tacked, single handed, a half-grown bear, and succeeded in dispatching him. In 1801 good progress was made on the mills. Mr. Tucker built a small house, and the succeeding year moved his family in, being the second family in town. Mr. Elkins, on account of failing health, did not return in 1802, but his brother, John Elkins, came and com- pleted a saw- and grist-mill in one building, located on the site of the late saw-mill. The town after that was known as Elkinstown. One of the great disadvantages labored under, was the difficulty of transportation. A road had been cut out from Bangor to Corinth, and a winter road continued to Garland. From Garland to No. 4, six miles, the mill irons had to be transported on horseback. The first mill crank was brought into town balanced on a horse, a man support- ing each end, while a third led the horse. Millstones were manufactured from native granite. Soon after the mill was completed, it was sold to Jonathan Snow, who lived in a log cabin near the mill until 1804, when he built the first framed house, near where Mrs. B. F. Horton's house now stands. In the year 1806, the barn of Samuel Copeland was burned, and Mr. Snow was so strongly suspected of being the incendiary, that, fearing trouble, he sold his property to Wiggins Hill and moved to Massachusetts; afterward he was convicted of a crime there, and sentenced to the penitentiary. While there, he was visited by Hon. Seba French, of Dexter, to whom he confessed that he was guilty of burning Mr. Copeland's barn. In the spring of 1803, Seba French, of Washington, New Hampshire, moved into town, making his way from Harmony through snow so deep that he was three days in reaching John Tucker's house, and another day in getting to his camp three miles east on the farm of A. L. ' Barton. During the summer Cornelius Coolidge, Charles and Stephen Fletcher, Simeon, Theophilus, and John Morgan, moved into town from Hallowell. During the years 1803-4-5, Samuel Copeland, Simeon and John Saf- ford, and Hugh Maxwell, moved from Washington, New Hampshire, to Dexter. E. W. Sprague also came from Greene. Mr. Copeland had a large family of boys and girls, who married and settled in Dexter. They have nearly all passed away, only two remaining — Mrs. Emma Beals, of Corinna, and Chauncy Copeland, of Dexter, Michigan. About the year 1807 immigration had increased with such rapidity that the inhabitants concluded to enjoy some of the luxuries of life, so laid out a road from Gar- land to Dexter, built a school-house near the house of the late Justin Whitcomb. This house stood there for more than fifteen years, and did duty for the whole town as town-house, church, and school-house, united. From this time the affairs of Elkinstown continued to prosper. The people were hardy and industrious, ever ready to extend to each other a helping hand, so that the town was as free from cases of actual distress as could be expected. Wiggins Hill, during a residence of two years in Dexter, cleared eight acres of land east of the Abbott mill and built a house near the present residence of the late Jeremiah Abbott. He then sold the mill to Andrew Morse, who built the house now owned by D. D. Flynt, which is now be- lieved to be the oldest two-story house in town, being seventy-one years old. The War of 181 2 affected the settlers of Dexter very little until the news came that the British fleet' was as- cending the Penobscot River toward Bangor. Fifteen men immediately volunteered to go to Hampden, where the militia were to rendezvous, but they, meeting the Americans in full retreat, and feeling that prudence required them to join the strongest party, retreated also. Up to this time what public work had been done, was by voluntary contributions. But on the 17th day of June, 181 6, just four months and ten days after Penobscot county had been estabhshed, the Plantation of Elkinstown was incorporated into the town of Dexter. Previous to this, great interest had been taken in the name of the town by the settlers. Mrs. Small claimed the right to name the town, and she was supported by most of the women. But alas, women could not vote, so she failed. Her choice was Alton, from her native town in New Hampshire. The Federalists voted for the name of Gower, from the Federal Governor in Massa- chusetts, while the Republicans went for Dexter, from Samuel Dexter, the Republican candidate for Governor. So you see that Republicans were in the majority in those days as now. The first test vote is recorded as follows, April 7, 181 7: Votes given for Governor: For Major-General Henry Dearborn, 26; for his Excellency John Brooks, 17. We must remember that his Excellency was the then Gov- ernor. This record is signed, Elijah W. Sprague, Town Clerk, and as I happen to know that his organ of reverence was decidedly small, it is a matter of surprise that he should spread such high-sounding titles upon the town books. On the 1 6th day of April, 18 16, a petition signed by Seba French and Samuel Copeland was presented to Isaac Wheeler, of Garland, a Justice of the Peace, to call a meetmg of the legal voters of the town to organize under its charter. The warrant was directed as follows: Penobscot ss. To Captain Samuel Copeland, one of the inhabitants of the Township numbered four, in the fifth range, north of the Waldo patent, and by a late act of the General Court incorporated by the name of Dexter, and being in said county of Penobscot. Greeting. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 863 The first town meeting was held August 23, 1816. Andrew Morse was chosen Moderator; John Bates Town Clerk and Treasurer; Andrew Morse, Cornelius Coolidge, and Seba French, Selectmen ; Elijah W. Sprague, Con- stable. On the 2d day of September, 18 16, the town was called upon to vote on the question of separation from the State of Massachusetts. The vote was as follows ; Yeas 27, nays o. This year is known as the cold year. The winter was very severe; the spring opened late and backward. As late as the nth of June a severe snow storm occurred, snow falling several inches deep, and remaining on the ground for more than twenty-four hours. The corn, which was the farmer's main dependence, failed to ripen, and It seemed that in the autumn starvation was at the doors of the poor people. But some of the best farmers had raised good crops of wheat, and this, scattered around, averted the danger. When 18 17 opened cold and backward, such men as French, Coolidge, Copeland, and Morse, gave and lent wheat to their poorer neigh- bors for seed, and a much greater breadth of wheat was sown this year and a less quantity of corn. Is it not a credit to those brave men that but one man in the whole town attempted to take advantage of the uni- versal distress, and obtain an extra price for the grain he had to sell? Corn in the year 1816-17 was brought from Virginia to Bangor and Augusta, by water, and so found its way into the country, where it brought the then great price of a dollar per bushel, besides the expense of trans- portation. A farmer would start for Bangor, Augusta or Norridgewock, they being the nearest markets, ride horse- back, buy a horse-load of corn, and then walk home by the side of the horse, balancing the grain on its back. In 1817 Jonathan Farrar bought the mill property of Andrew Morse and the carding-mill of James C. Hill, and being possessed of some means, commenced a sys- tem of permanent improvements; dug the canal, built the grist-mill pond, built a new saw-mill and grist-mill, opened a store, and so induced a rapid settlement of the town. But, strange as it may seem, and as poor as the people then were, the articles mostly sold in his store were liquors, and the special liquor was New England rum. It was said that he would tap a hogshead at each end, sell one end for forty-two cents and the other for fifty cents pel gallon, and even in those days there were peo- ple so fond of luxuries that he sold out the fifty-cent end first. He enjoyed this joke as well as any one. He was a sharp, shrewd business man, but fair and honorable in all his dealings, and in all business matters was respected and trusted by all classes; and although as a merchant he catered to the universal custom of drinking, he was a strictly temperate man — not temperance man, as the cause of temperance was then unknown. His means en- abled him to* carry a large stock for those days, and "Farrar's Store'" was known and patronized by the in- habitants of ^11 the surrounding towns. He accumulated a large fortune, and in 1835 was reputed to be worth |2oo,p99. In religious belief he was a Universalist, and the flourishing condition of that society was largely due to his munificence. One little incident came under the writer's personal notice. Soon after the organization of the society, at a meeting of the managing committee, some one (I think Dr. G. M. Burleigh) proposed raising by subscription a sum of money to buy a small library of denominational works for the use of the society. Esquire Farrar (as he was always called) immediately answered the proposition by offering to give one hundred dollars if the other mem- bers would give fifty. His proposal was at once ac- cepted. He was the senior member of the firm of Farrar & Cutler, formed in 1835 for manufacturing woolen goods, which is now known as the Dexter Woolen Mills Cor- poration. He died in 1839. He came originally from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, but resided in Bloomfield for some time before taking up his residence in Dexter. In 1817 the town was divided into five school districts, but no other school-house was built until 1822, when one was erected in the village district. No. 6, about on the spot occupied by Josiah Crosby's office. The first physi- cian, Benjamin Clement, located in Dexter in i8i6. Doctor Oilman M. Burleigh moved into town in 18 18, and up to the time of his death in 1872 he was more or less connected with the public business of the town. He was an active, influential citizen, and until near the close of life was yearly elected to some town office. Two events happened in 18 18. One, a wagon passed through the town, being the first one ever seen in Dexter, causing more astonishment among the little folks than Barnum's circus would now. The other, a mail route was established from Bangor to Harmony through Dex- ter, and a post-office opened, Jonathan Farrar being ap- pointed postmaster. The mail was carried on horseback till 1828. The year 1820, Benjamin Greene opened a tavern in the two-story house now standing on the hill east of the village. I believe the house was built the year before. The population of the town now was about five hundred, and its valuation $132,876. The village consisted of four dwellings and seven other buildings. Some of the dwellings had a room or two finished, but there was not a complete house in town. This year, the last under the jurisdiction of Massachu- setts, a town meeting was called at the house of Benjamin Greene, and the constable is directed "to warn the male inhabitants of the age of twenty-one, and who are liable to be taxed, and who have resided in town one year, to meet," etc. In the record of the next meeting it commenced as follows : " In the name of the Cora.," then that is erased, and "State" follows. The clerk had been so much in the habit of writing Commonwealth, that he forgot that Maine had become an independent State. At the town meeting in 182 1 we find the following curious vote : "Article 14, on motion, voted to raise four hundred dollars for the support of schools, and one hundred to defray town charges, and to be paid in grain, delivered at the Town Treasurer's office, between the 864 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. twentieth and the thirty-first days of January next, at the following prices, namely, wheat at six shillings per bushel, rye at five per bushel, and corn at four per bushel, and the Town Treasurer to be sole judge of the quality of said grain." In 1820 Jeremiah and Amos Abbott came into town from Andover, Massachusetts, bought the carding-mill and saw-mill, and the upper water privilege. They were the originals of the firm of Amos Abbott & Co., which is still in existence, as one of the oldest firms in the State, being sixty-one years old. Amos Abbott died in 1865, and Jeremiah in 1879, butGeorge, the son of Amos, and Job, the son of Jeremiah, carry on the business, and as each of them have a son, who take actively to the business, they bid fair to make the familiar name of Amos Abbott & Co. perpetual. The old carding and cloth-dressing-mill has grown, under their fostering care, to a mill one hundred and twenty-five feet long, forty feet wide, and four stories in height, with four sets of machinery, and a pay-roll of $2,000 per month. HOTELS. In 1824 John Bates opened a tavern at his house, be- ing the first tavern in the village proper. That house is now standing, just below Newell Bates' saloon. Just look at it, and compare it with the Merchants' Exchange. That house could not hold a fashionable woman and her baggage. Either she or her baggage would have to stop out-doors. This house was kept open to the public until 1830, when the three-story house, near the machine shop of N. Dustin & Co., was erected by Stevens Davis and others, and opened as a hotel on the fourth day of July of that year. This was kept open for about fifteen years, and was succeeded by the Dexter House, built on the site of the Bank Block. This was closed in 1874. In the year 1866 I,. D. Hayes built the Merchants' Exchange at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. This is one of the best appointed hotels in the country, and has always been kept in tip-top style. It has fifty-two rooms, is supplied with pure spring water, and being situated in the busy part of the village, is a desirable stopping place for travelers. The present proprietor is Colonel W. G. Morrill. The only other public house now is the Dexter House on Spring street. This was formerly known as the Fountain House. After some years it was closed. About five years ago it was purchased by J. H. Brown, who made extensive repairs and additions, and opened it as the Farmers' Hotel. Two years ago he sold it to J. M. Jordan, who is the present proprietor. It has twenty-one rooms, and is well patronized. The hotel accommoda- tions fully supply the wants of the place. In 1824 a floating bridge was built across the narrows of Pleasant Pond, now called Silver Lake. Previous to this it was usually voted to pay William Smith from fifteen to twenty dollars per year, payable in grain, for tending ferry. This floating bridge was supported by the town till the year i860, when a permanent stone bridge | was built at a cost of almost four thousand dollars. This ' bridge is about thirty-five rods in length, and is very substantially built. CHURCHES. The first church (Universalist) was erected in 1829. The society was large, wealthy, and public-spirited. The house contained fifty-two pews, held at that time by indi- viduals. The first pastor was Rev. William Frost. This church in 1869 was enlarged and completely renovated at a cost of about $12,000. It now contains seventy-six slips, which are owned by the society, and the preaching is sustained by the slip rent. The present pastor is Rev. J. Eugene Clark. The church is situated on Church street. The auditorium is the best in Dexter, with a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. The Methodist church was erected in 1834, and con- tained fifty-two pews. In 1872 this church was remod- eled mto modern style, at a cost of $4,000. It stands on Main street. The society is large and flourishing. Its present pastor is Rev. George R. Palmer. It has seats for four hundred. In 1839 the Calvinist Baptists erected a church on Main street at a cost of $5,000. This has recently been repaired and refurnished at a cost of $2,000. The soci- ety is large. The pastor is Rev. E. Dewhurst. It can seat three hundred. The Congregationalists in 1844 erected a small church on Spring street. The society has always been small, but what they lack in numbers they make up in zeal. This church in 1879 was moved back, converted into a vestry, and a new and beautiful edifice erected in its place. It is a beautiful building, and was mostly built by voluntary contributions from abroad. It will seat three hundred. The church has recently secured the services of Rev. T. M. Davies as pastor. The Episcopal church was erected in 1869. It is of. small size but very elaborately and beautifully finished in Gothic style at a cost of about $9,000. This is located on Spring street. The society is small. The resident rector is Rev. Thomas Marsden. The seating capacity is two hundred arid twenty-five. In 1874 the Freewill Baptists, who had before that occupied the Congregational church a part of the time, erected a church on Spring street at a cost of $4,500. It is of small size but neatly and handsomely finished, and will seat three hundred. It has at present no settled pastor. The Catholics erected a church in 1876 on High street. The cost was probably not far from $3,000. It is plainly finished and will accommodate two hundred and fifty. They have regular monthly services. Besides these the Second Advents have a hall, where they hold religious services, and the SpirituaHsts occa- sionally occupy the town hall, while some unbelievers stay at home. In fact, to the stranger sojourning in town over Sunday Dexter presents as great a variety of relig- ious entertainment as can be found in this'county. CEMETERIES. On the i6th day of December, 1804, death visited for the first time the settlement of Elkinstown. Phebe 3^.^>.,'^^^tt'^^'^ 5^>'^t;^a^-<^--\>v-L^ ^affiji-^t- 1-";-' ■^■^^^^'^^K^^^Ji^^^i^'i^^j,' „ ^ HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 86s Tucker died of canker rash. She was sixteen years of age. December 24th of the same year, Joseph and Daniel Small died of the same disease. They were buried on the farm of Mr. Tucker. Up to 18 19 the town had no burial place. In that year the town by vote purchased a lot eastward of Deacon's Greene's inn. , This was used until 1845, although it was totally unfit for such a purpose, the ground being low and wet. The summer of 1828 was unusually sickly. More than fifty young children were carried off by dysentery. Among the aged was Samuel Copeland, who died at the age of ninety-two. The year was a season of mourn- ing to the whole town. No other general epidemic ever visited the town until 1876, when about seventy fell victims to diphtheria. In 184S the town purchased and lotted the cemetery, near the depot, and twenty years after laid out a ceme- tery on Bryant's hill. Very tasty and expensive monu- ments have been raised in both; and a tomb built by the town in the new one. In the year 1828 Lysander Cutler, then a young man, came to Dexter from Royalston, Massachusetts. He was an active business man, possessing indomitable en- ergy, and to him more than any other man is due the present thrift and prosperity of the town. He soon be- came a partner in the firm of Amos Abbott & Co., and there continued until 1835, when he formed a partner- ship with Jonathan Farrar, and commenced the erection of the woolen-mill below the grist-mill. This was a wooden structure seventy-five feet long, forty feet wide, and four stories high. It was completed and • commenced operating in March, 1836. Besides this were built a wool house, cloth-dressing house, and board- ing houses. The whole cost was near $75,000. This mill was burned in December, 1845, but Messrs. Samuel Farrar & Cutler, not discouraged, immediately built upon the same place a stone mill two hundred feet long and two stories high, which they put into operation the fol- I lowing year. Two years later, 1848, Messrs. Foss, Conant & Co. erected on the lower privilege a brick mill, called the Union mill, and operated it until 1855, when they sold to Farrar & Cutler. Previous to this purchase they had built a third mill, called the White mill, on a dam below the stone mill. All three mills were thus united under one firm. The financial crisis of 1856 was too severe for them, and they were obliged to suspend. After fruitless attempts at a compromise with creditors, they both left the State and settled in Milwaukee. In 1835 Mr. Cutler organized the Dexter Rifle Com- pany, a military corps quite celebrated in its time ; was iShosen.its first captain, and two years later was elected Colonel of the Ninth Regiment, At the breaking out of the Rebellion he went to the front as Colonel of the Sixth Wisconsin Regiment. During the war he was twice severely wounded, and had no less than seven horses shot under him. He rose to the rank of Brigadier- General. He died in Milwaukee in July, i865. The Dexter Mills passed into the hands of Messrs. Johnson, Sewall & Co., of Boston, who leased the prop- erty in 1858 to R. W. Robinson, of Dorchester, Massa- chusetts, for the term of three years, and after that ex- pired continued two years longer under the same lease, In the meantime he had bought one-half of the property, October i, 1863, Ebenezer Dale, R. W. Robinson, and Albert F. Bradbury, formed a copartnership, bought the mills, and operated under the name of the Dexter Mills until 1880. In the year 1865 two more stories were added to stone mill, making it four stories high and forty feet in length. The death of Dale obliged the firm to suspend operations in 1880, and during the year and while the census was being taken the mills were not running. This made a difference of four or five hundred in our population. During the last year a cor- poration has been formed under the laws of the State under the name and style of "The Dexter Woolen Mills." The capital stock is $200,000, and it employs about three hundred and fifty l]ands, The capacity of the mills is twenty sets of machinery. The President is J. G. Wright; R. S. Russell, Treasurer; Albert F. Bradbury, Superintendent ; Joseph C. Cutler, Paymaster, The monthly pay roll is $8,000. In 1847 Calvin Copeland built a mill in the lower village for the manufacture of woolens, which was burned in 1868. It has never been rebuilt, although the privilege is owned by parties abundantly able. In 1835 a new school-house with a town hall overhead was built, with two school-rooms below. This remained until 1856, when, during a town meeting, when the hall was packed, the floors gave away, above and below, and the people were all precipitated into the cellar. Strange to relate, although a large hot stove went with them, no lives were lost, and but one or two seriously injured. Our present Town Hall was then built, with school-rooms on the first floor, a lockup and furnace rooms in the base- ment, and offices on the third floor. This cost about $10,000. It is well built, with slated roof, and is an ornament to the village and creditable to the town. Sub- sequently, in 1877, the hall was rearranged, beautifully frescoed, stage and scenery added at an expense of $1,400. It is now one of the finest halls in the State, With a gallery on three sides, it will accommodate about eight hundred. When Jonathan Farrar bought the mills in 181 7 he also bought a small tannery. This he continued to en- large until it came to do an extensive business. He afterward sold to Ebenezer Wyman, who in turn sold to Charles Shaw, the present proprietor. He has very much enlarged the buildings and tanning facihties, making this business one of the most important in Dexter, Mr. Shaw moved into Dexter from Cummington, Massachusetts, in 1851, and purchased the tannery for $3,000. He uses now two thousand cords of bark per year, and the stock in process of manufacture is $40,000. The plant is worth $12,000. Mr. Shaw is largely engaged in tanning operations in other places in this State, and in New York. The pay-roll is $650 per month. When the Dexter mills were first opened in 1836, Na- thaniel Dustin came from Lowell, Massachusetts, to su- perintend the wool sorting. After some years he opened 866 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. a store and commenced business for himself. In 1859 he bought the foundry and machine shops, and, with his sons, has run them ever since. Two years ago they built new buildings, much enlarged and improved, added new and expensive machinery, and increased the value of the property from about $4,000 to $40,000. The firm is known as N. Dustin & Co., and their business is backed by all the capital that is wanted. Their pay-roll is $1,000.' In 1867 B. F. and Samuel Eldridge bought the work- shops of C. W. Curtis & Co. They have made exten- sive improvements and additions, and now manufacture almost everything in wood, making a specialty of the "World's Fair Prize Churn," of which they sell five hun- dred per year. Their buildings, machinery, and stock are worth $15,000. Their pay-roll is $400. The marble works of Messrs. Morse & Bridges turn out some of the finest monuments in the country, and are well patronized. They carry in buildings and stock $4,000. Their pay-roll is $350. The furniture factory of E. M. Tibbetts turns out yearly large quantities of furniture, caskets, and coffins. The plant and stock is not far from $8,000. His pay-roll is $250 per month. The grist-mill, the property of Amos Abbott & Co., has grown from an insignificant affair in 1802, to one of the best in the country, with all modern improvements, being the first grist-mill adopting the patent process. During the present year Moses Brothers purchased the cheese factory (which had ceased operations) and converted it into a factory for canning corn. They put up during the autumn ten thousand dozen cans, and pro- pose in future doing a much larger business. They are now making preparations for desiccating apples by steam. As about every farm in town has an orchard and every man in the village with a rod of ground owns apple trees, there is no reason why the enterprise should not be suc- cessful. The firm has disbursed during the season about $10,000. Another enterprise commenced this year is the manu- facture of shovel handles from white ash, by N. B. Turner & Son. They have sent away about ten thousand dozens, and have paid out not far from $7,500. Their pay-roll is $250. Two establishments for making clothing for Boston parties pay out monthly about $1,600; three-fourths of which goes to the wives and daughters of the farmers of this and neighboring towns. In 1863 Rev. J. F. Witherell established the Dexter Gazette. It was a small paper, being hardly a foot in length. He sold to Messrs. Gallison & Robbins in 1869, and in 1872 R. O. Robbins bought Gallison's interest in the paper, and in 1878 sold the establishment to M. F. Herring, who is now publisher and proprietor. The pa- per has grown in size as it has in age, and at present ranks with the best weekly papers in the State. The weekly issue is one thousand, and the advertising patron- age large. A great amount of job printing is done here. In 1868 the Dexter & Newport Railroad was built, fourteen miles in length, at a cost of $300,000, Dexter providing about $225,000. The road pays the running expenses and six per cent, on the stock. It had become a necessity, and was built none too soon. This road is leased to the Maine Central Railroad for thirty years from 1868, at a rental of $18,000 per year, paying the stockholders six per cent, on their mvestment. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first engine. Eagle No. i, was purchased by the town in 1836. After that the Tiger No. 2. Two force- pumps were afterwards added, one at the grist-mill and the other at the Abbott mill, both with iron pipes run- ning to Main street. A hook and ladder company was organized in 1872. In 1875 two new engines were pur- chased, which took the place of the old ones. Two hose companies, with separate carriages, perform duty in con- nection with the hydrants. The old Eagle engine has been utihzed by a company of boys, called Company No. 3. Another company formed at Spooner's mills has the old Tiger engine, and is called Company No. 4. The Dexter mills have built a large reservoir and con- nected it with pipes to all of their mills and boarding- houses, with hydrants at the crossings, having a hundred- foot head. There is also owned in town, and by the town, from six to eight thousand feet of rubber and other hose, making the facilities for extinguishing fires very great, and we challenge any town in New England of its size to show a fire department equal to our own. BANKS. The Dexter Savings Bank was incorporated in 1867 and did a successful business to 1878, when, owing to the depression in real estate and bonds, the trustees were compelled to ask for an extension under the laws of the State. Another cause was the sudden death of John W. Barron, the Treasurer. An examination of the bank books also showed considerable confusion in the affairs of the bank. All of its liabilities have since been paid, and the bank is now in good condition and public confi- dence is fully restored. It has a board of trustees, com- posed of careful business men, who have the confidence of the depositors. The present amount of deposits is $143,587. It divides five per cent, to its depositors. The President is Albert F. Bradbury; Treasurer, George Hamilton. The First National Bank of Dexter was organized in 1875, with a capital of $100,000. It has all the business it can do. Charles Shaw is President; Charles W. Cur- tis, Cashier. During the year 1875 'he Savings Bank erected a sub- stantial and costly brick edifice for its own accommoda- tion and the National Bank. It is three stories, with mansard roof The first story contains the post-office and the apothecary shop of Bridgham & Son. The second story contains the banking rooms. These are both provided with vaults built of brick and railroad iron, in which are enclosed their safes of the latest style, with chronometer locks added. All the finishings are rich and ornamental. The third story is occupied by the Masons, where they have one of the best finished and furnished halls in the State, with all the requisite ante- rooms. The fourth story is finished into a dining-hall HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 867 and kitchen. The whole expense of the building and different roonns was over $20,000. It was finished in 1876. The progress in trade has been as marked as other enter- pries. The stores, from one in 1817 and two in 1830, have increased to over thirty-five of different kinds, supplying nearly all the merchandise required for over one hundred and fifty square miles of contiguous territory. There are nine grocery and provision stores ; three of dry goods ; three, drug and fancy goods ; two, ready-made clothing ; two, hardware ; two, stoves and tinware ; two, millinery ; two, boots and shoes ; two, merchant tailoring ; one, furniture ; two, jewelry, silver and plated ware ; three, saloons ; three, meat and provisions ; two harness and trimming stores. They carry a stock of not less than $150,000. SOCIETIES. Penobscot Lodge of Masons No. 39, was organized February 28, 1822. The charter members were eleven. In January, 1846, they moved into a new hall, which they finished and furnished in good style. This hall was de- stroyed by fire in 1850, with all the furniture, clothing, and jewels, only the records being saved. After this they leased a hall until 1876, when they dedicated their new hall in Bank Block. The number of members at pres- ent is 138. St. John's Royal Arch Chapter numbers 55. Plymouth Lodge No. 65, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized in December, 1870, with five charter members. It has had a steady, and healthy growth, and now numbers 198 members. In 1876 Messrs. Brown and Bridges, the Good Templars, and Odd Fellows, joined in building a large and]commodious building. The lower story is used in the manufacture of marble, the second is the Good Templars' hall, and the third the Odd Fellows'. Martha Washington Lodge, Daughters of Rebekah, No. 18, has a present membership of 6r. Silver Lake Encampment, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, numbers 30 members. The Good Templars were organized into a lodge many years since, and at the present time it is a large and influ- ential organization. All of these lodges are free from debt. Dexter Grange No. 155, Patrons of Husbandry, or- ganized in 1877, and built and own the largest hall in town except the Town Hall. They have a large but not .handsome building, the lower part of which they lease. The Sovereigns of Industry also have an organization, and run a grocery and provision store, which is largely patronized. Besides all of these halls, there are three or four others that are all ready for use when occasion requires. H. F. Safiford Post, Grand Army of the Republic, or- ganized several years since, has a membership of 40. Dexter Light Infantry, Company C, Second Regiment Maine Volunteers, was organized in 1878, and numbers at present 51 members. Officers: J. D. Maxfield, cap- tain ; N. L. McCrillis, first lieutenant ; Levi Bridgham, second lieutenant. At the recent State tournament held at Augusta, this company took the first prize for company shooting, from seventeen comptting companies. The first prize for team shooting was carried away by them. Corporal G. F. Johnson took the gold badge as the cham- pion shot of the State. Sergeant S. M. Leighton took the first money prize as champion shooter. In fact, after the Dexter boys had gathered their prizes, not much was left for the rest. SCHOOLS. Up to 1874 the town was divided into school districts as independent organizations. That year, by a vote of the town, these were discontinued. By this arrangement the smallest school in town can have the same length of term as the largest, and as ample provisions are made by the town for the support of schools, every scholar can have six months' schooling at least per year. The village schools are graded. Four school-houses in the village have two schools in each. They are all thoroughly built, two stories high. Ten other school-houses in town are nearly all new, and all in good repair. The property is worth not less than $15,000. In 1877 the town voted to supply the scholars with books. This has been found to be a benefit to the schools themselves, while to the poor man with an overabundance of that blessing pecul- iar to the poor, it brings relief to his purse and delight to his children. It costs the town about $350 to supply books to 757 scholars. The Mercantile Library Association was organized sev- eral years since, and m 1880 owned about one thousand volumes. It was then voted to donate the library to the town, provided it was made free to the inhabitants, and $300 added yearly in books. This proposition was accept ed by the town, and the library has already increased to more than fifteen hundred volumes. For its size it must be about the best patronized library in the world, as about one-half of the books are in the hands of readers at all times. Among the other industries of Dexter are the mills of Reuben Flanders, at North Dexter, on the stream called Main Stream — the west branch of the Sebasticook River. This stream runs through the northerly part of Dexter and furnishes several water-powers. At Flanders's mills are manufactured boards, shingles, orange boxes, mirror backs, etc. Mr. Flanders's operations are quite extensive, sometimes sending away boxes by the cargo. His monthly pay-roll is $400. Samuel C. Silver operates an- other saw-mill on the same stream, in the northeastern part of the town, doing a fair business. Hiram Spooner & Sons also have a saw- and shingle-mill on a water- power at the outlet of Puffer's Pond. At the south line of the town A. C. Libby has a saw- and shingle-mill, also one run of stones for grinding corn. This is the lowest water-power on the Dexter Stream in Dexter. A large quantity of lumber is manufactured there each year. The old saw-mill that for eighty years wagged out its music to the north end, was crowded out, during the pres- ent year, by its neighbor, the woolen mill. Since its erec- into it had been renewed several times, and during the early years of its existence ran night and day. Its site is now occupied by the extension of the woolen mill of Amos Abbott & Co. 868 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. The officiating clergy of Dexter have been already mentioned. Tradition is strangely silent in regard to the Christian pioneers of the town. Rev. John Sawyer, Gar- land, Congregationalist, was probably the first preacher. He preached here as late as 1820, and was then, as the writer distinctly recollects, an old white-headed man. He died in 1856 at the great age of one hundred and one years. Rev. James Hall, Baptist, and Rev. William Frost, Universalist, were among the early preachers of DeJtter. Undoubtedly there were others before these, but their names are not given. We have had occasion to speak of the early physicians. Others have come and gone, among which may be men- tioned Doctor Thomas C. Barker, who was the real founder of our present library. At present we have five allopathic, one homeopathic and two clairvoyant physi- cians. Their field of practice is large, extending into all the surrounding towns. As the spiritual and physical wants of the people have been well attended to, so also their rights and wrongs have not been allowed to languish for want of legal assistance. The earliest lawyer was Gustavus G. Cush- man, who settled in town in the year 1827. He re- mained here several years, and then removed to Bangor. Samuel McClellan, in 1835, opened an office in Dexter, coming from Bloomfield. He continued in active practice till his death, August i, 1868. Charles C. Cushman and Abner Knowles practiced here for a time, but both removed to Bangor. At the present time five lawyers constitute the legal force of Dexter, being fully equal to the wants of the inhabitants. NATURAL FEATURES. Dexter village is in latitude 45° i' 43" north, and in^ longitude 69° 16' 32" west of Greenwich. It is the northwestern town of Penobscot county. It is forty-one miles from Bangor, and one hundred and twenty-three miles from Portland. Garland bounds it on the east, Gorinna on the south, Sangerville in Piscataquis county on the north, and Ripley in Somerset county on the west The face of the country is broken into hills and valleys. There is not a level farm in town. The soil is generally rocky and hard to cultivate, and though there are many excellent farms, yet it will require some time to make it a first-class farming town, free from stones and stumps. There are two small lakes : one called Puffer's Pond that supplies water to a saw-mill, contains about a square mile of area. The other, Silver Lake, about four times as large, furnishes the water power of the village. The peculiarity of this lake is, that much water runs out, ap- parently but little runs in, it being mostly supplied from sub-surface springs. Another ' small pond, called the Meadow, in the eastern part of the town, was apparently formed by beavers, as there are to be seen the remains of an extensive colony of these industrious animals. The Dexter Stream, being the east branch of the Se- basticook, takes its rise in Silver Lake, flows southerly through Corinna to Newport Pond, whence it joins the west branch at Pittsfield, in Somerset county, forming the Sebasticook River. The water-power in the village is in the fall and not in the body of water. In three-fourths of a mile the fall is 142 feet. On this ten dams are built, which furnish the power to the machinery, and this machinery employs about six hundred persons, and the monthly pay-rolls of these establishments are estimated at more than $15,000. A dam at the outlet of the lake is capable of raising it seven feet, and this spread over four miles of surface, en- tirely safe from spring freshets, a'dds greatly to the value of the water-power on the stream. Along the northern part of the town extends a range of hills, the Sturdevant Hill being the highest in town. bextet" village is the present terminus of the Dexter & Newport Railroad. It is finely situated on the hillsides, with easy grades to the stream and lake. The streets are four rods wide, mostly supplied with sidewalks, those on. the most busy part of Main street being composed of concrete. The roads are kept in excellent repair, and have the reputation of being the best of any town in the county. Shade trees of maple and elm abound, some having a growth of more than forty years, while from the fruit trees covering the hillsides are gathered large quan- tities of apples, pears, and cherries. An unusual number of neat and tasteful residences adorn the village, while many of the farmers have excellent and some costly buildings, one barn, built by A. L. Barton, costing $7,000. Strangers passing through the town and village cannot fail to be impressed with the prevalent appearance of prosperity. The rock formation is slate, excellent for building ma- terials, an impure limestone, which is found to make a good article of cement, and quartase rock; In the latter are found veins of lead and silver, not in paymg quanti- ties, but enough to set some to digging who are in haste to get rich. The soil is generally a vegetable loam, very little clay being found, fertile, well adapted to orchards, and yield- ing well the usual farm crops. The forest trees are maple, birch, beech, and other deciduous trees, on the upland; and spruce, fir, cedar, etc., on the lowlands. The growth of Dexter in population and wealth has been steady and constant, except an apparent decline in both in the last decade. An examination of the facts, however, will show that from 1870 to 1880 there was an actual increase in both. In 1870 the valuation was $r, 006,966 and the population 2,875, By some unac- countable error the valuation of 1870 was reported to the State committee and adopted by them on nearly a full value basis. The valuation of i88o is on a two-thirds basis. At the rate of 1870 our valuation would be near $r, 400,000. It is patent to every one that the real prop- erty of Dexter was very largely increased in the last ten years. Among the valuable buildings are notably theBank Block, the residence of Dr. Fitzgerald, the fine residences on Maple, Pleasant, Free Grove, and Church streets, Gazette -office. Odd Fellows' Hall, and Grange Hall. The capacity of Dexter to do business was increased one-third at least. The census of 1880, taken at a time when the Dexter mills had been closed for nearly a year, and was only preparing to resume, shows a decrease of Residence of the HON, JOSIAH CROSBY, Dexter, Maine, iiistdRY 6f MNdBSCof couiJtY, MAiki 869 about three hundred. 'I'hen many houses were vacant throughout the village. Now hot a house is unoccupied; the hotels and boarding-houses are filled. Our popula- tion is now over three thousand, and there is no reason why it should not increase. Through the past season labor has been in very great demand and high Wages paid. The influx from Canada is rapidly increasing our population as well as that of other manufacturing towns. As a French Canadian said, who had but lately arrived : "Be gar, I wark all one day long in Canada hard for fafty centimes, now I wark in haymg for two dollars a day, and I not work mooch hard either. I mows with the cheval and I peech with the cheval, and I don't go back to Can- ada no more, not mooch." The valuation of i860 was $45s,@69, that of 1870 should have been about $725,006, and that of 1880 was $963,000, making a fair and regular increase in the wealth of the town. Yet for all the public improvements made our taxes are not high. The rate this present year is $17.50 on the $1,000. This is the whole tax. There is no highway tax behind this as in most towns in the county. To THE Reader : — Many important and interesting matters relating to our town have been omitted, for want of time and space. If any er- rors have crept into this sketch, the writer would like to be notified, and those having knowledge of incidents of the early days will do a kindly favor by forwarding the same to yours truly, VOLNEY A. SPRAGUE. EXETER. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES. The town of Exeter, in Penobscot county, Maine, is situated in about 45 ° north latitude, and 69° west longitude from Greenwich. It is about fifty miles northeast from the State capital, at Augusta, and twenty miles northwest from Bangor, the county seat, at the head of tide waters, and of ship navigation on the river Penobscot. The town was calculated to be six miles square, and is bounded on the north by Garland, on the east by Corinth, on the south by Stetson, and on the west by Corinna. Its corners are held and maintained in common with the towns of Dexter on the northwest, Charleston on the northeast, Levant on the southeast, and Newport on the southwest. In area, the town is estimated to contain about 23,040 acres ; and is watered by the Kenduskeag Stream and its smaller tributaries, on which, according to Wells's report on the Water Power of Maine (page 274), there were returned by the Selectmen to the Com- missioners in 1868 ten water-powers, as follow; First— On the Kenduskeag Stream, shingle- and grist-mill, fall ten feet, capacity 500,000 shingles per year; grist-mill runs eight months. Second— On the same, saw-mill, fall twelve feet; capacity 500,000 of lumber a year — could do more. Third— On the same, saw- and shingle-mill; saw-mill capacity 600,000 per year; shingle machine 300,000; fall eleven feet— could do more. Fourth— A shingle-mill on the same; fall ten feet; capacity 300,000 per year. Fifth— On the same, saw and shingle machine and two runs of stones; saw-mill capacity 300,000; shingle-mill about 300,000; fall eleven feet. Sixth— On the same, shingle-mill; a nine-foot fall. Seventh— On the same, grist-mill, machine-shop, carriage-shop, and tan-yard; fall eleven feet. Eighth— -On the same, not now in use, formerly a saw- and shmgle- mill; fall twelve feet; of one-fourth greater capacity than either of the other privileges. Ninth— Shingle- and grist-mill upon the "Andrews Brook;" fall nine feet; can cut 200,000 shingles; can grind about four months in the year. [Since the above report was made, a steam-miU has been built on the same brook, where a shingle- and grist-mill are in constant operation, and are doing a good business]. Tenth— On the "Allen Brook," or "Atkins Brook," capacity the same as No. Q. SURVEY AND LOCATION. Exeter, the one hundred and eightieth town within the District of Maine, was located as a township by the survey of its exterior lines in the autumn of 1792. It was then known and designated on the Surveyors' plan as Township No. 3, in the Fourth Range of townships north of the Waldo Patent; this being one of the twenty- one townships surveyed by Ephraim Ballard and Samuel Weston, under the direction of the " Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands," and of which committee the late Hon. Daniel Cony, of Hallowell (now Augusta), was chairman. The twenty-one townships thus surveyed comprised the territory lying between the Waldo Patent on the south, and Piscataquis River on the north; and extending west, from a line passing north and south through Pushaw Pond, the distance of twenty-four miles, and are all embraced in the following schedule, to wit: The following townships were surveyed in 1792, by Ephraim Ballard and Samuel Weston, Surveyors, as per plan : Dixmont, Troy (first Kingville), Carmel, Etna, Plymouth and Detroit, Glenburn, Levant, Stetson, New- port, Hudson (Kirtland, 1825), Corinth, Exeter, Corinna, Bradford, Charleston, Garland, Dexter, Orneville (first Milton), Atkinson, Dover, and Sangerville. *By Hon. Noah Barker. 870 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINti. On completing their survey and location of the above townships, the Surveyors returned a plan of the same, with the following title: This plan represents, within the red lines, twenty-one townships of land between the rivers Kennebeck and Penobscot, surveyed for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the subscribers, A. D. 1792; also part of the river Penobscot; the northern bounds of Waldo Patent; to- gether with four townships sun-eyed by Jonathan Stone;* as also the bounds of the northerly part of the Plymouth Claim ; part of the Sebesticook River; the southeast comer of the "Million Acres," located on the river Kennebeck, and a tract of land betwixt the Ply- mouth Claim, etc., and the four northerly ranges of townships afore- said; all which has been taken from actual and approved surveys and here protracted by a scale of two miles to an inch, and inscribed to the Committee for Sale of Eastern Lands by their obedient and humble ser- vants, Ephraim Ballard, Samuel Weston, Surveyors. Hallowell, County of Lincoln, October 20, 1792. FOUNDATION OF LAND TITLES IN EXETER. This township (No. 3, R. 4, N. W. P.) was donated by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to Marblehead Academy by resolve approved February 8, 1793, reserv- ing 960 acres for public uses, which were divided into three lots, or parcels, one for public schools, one for the ministry, and one for the first settled minister. It appears by the records of the Corporation that the following persons constituted the Board of Trustees of Marblehead Academy in 1793: Samuel Sewall, Robert Hooper, Samuel Hooper, William Raymond Lee, Elisha Story, Samuel Russell Trevitt, John Humphreys, John Goodwin, Marston Watson, Richard Homan, Joseph Sewall, Samuel BartoU, John Dixey, Richard Pedrick, Ebenezer Graves, and Burrill Devereux. At a meeting of the Trustees of the Marblehead Academy on Monday, the 21st day of January, 1793, after transacting the usual business of the Association, and passing several votes, etc. — Voted ti. That Samuel Sewall, William R. Lee, and Marston Wat- son, Esq., be a committee to apply to the Honorable General Court of this Commonwealth in such form as they may think best, for a grant to this Corporation of a tract of land, and any other suitable encourage- ment to this Academy. The Committee, it seems, lost no time in forwarding their petition, in behalf of the Trustees, to the Legisla- ture, as the following proceedings will show : Commonwealth of Massachusetts, In the House of Representatives, January 31, 1793. On the Petition of the Trustees of the Marblehead Academy : Resolved, That there be and hereby is granted a township of land of six miles square, to be laid out at the exper.se of the grantees by the Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands, from any of the unimproved lands belonging to this Commonwealth, lying between the rivers Ken- nebeck and Penobscot, and said township shall be vested in the said Trustees of the Marblehead Academy and their successors forever, for the use and purpose of supporting the said Academy, to be by them holden in their corporate capacity, with full power and authority to set- tle, divide, and manage said township, or to sell, convey, and dispose of the same, in such way and manner as shall best promote the interest and welfare of said Academy. Provided, Nevertheless, that there be and hereby is reserved one lot of three hundred and twenty acres for the use of the ministry, and one lot of three hundred and twenty acres for the support of schools, and one lot of the same quantity to the first settled minister in said town. And provided, further, That the grantees aforesaid, or their assigns, *These "four townships" embrace the present towns of Parkman, • Cambridge and Ripley, St Albans, and Palmyra. 3) shall cause twenty families to be settled within said township on or be- fore the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred. David Cobb, Speaker. February 8, 1793. On the 2Sth of March, 1793, at a meeting of the said Trustees it was — Voted, That ten pounds be advanced to pay for a deed of land granted to this Academy by the Honorable General Court of this Com- monwealth to be advanced by the several Trustees, and repay them from the first monies belonging to said incorporation. ' On the 27th of March, 1793, a deed of the township was made and passed to the Trustees, as the following copy of the deed will show: To all persons to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Whereas, The Legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts did, on the 7th day of February, 1793, grant a township of land to the Trustees of Marblehead Academy, by a resolve in the following words, viz ; Resolved, etc. [Here the words of the foregoing resolve are recited], and Whereas, The Legislature aforesaid did, on the 28th day of Feb- ruary last, by their resolve of that date, authorize and empower the Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands to execute deeds of certain grants of lands in the words following, viz : "Whereas, Several grants of townships and tracts of land have been and may be made by this Court for the encouragement of literature in the various parts of the Commonwealth — ''Resolved, That all the lands which have been or inay be granted for the purpose aforesaid be located under the direction of the Committee for the Sale of Eastern Lands, and that said committee be and hereby are authorized and empowered to execute deeds of conveyance and confirmation of the same conformable to the condition of said grants." Now, therefore, know ye that we, the undersigned, being the Com- mittee for the Sale of Eastern Lands in the said resolves mentioned, and pursuant to the grant and authority thereby made, and in consider- ation of the sum of ten pounds lawful money, being the whole expense of surveying the township hereinafter described, have located to the said Trustees of the Marblehead Academy, and do hereby convey and confirm to them and their successors a township of land of six miles square, situate in the county of Hancock, and between the rivers Ken- nebeck and Penobscot, in the Fourth Range, northward of the Waldo Patent, so-called, and being number three of that range, according to the actual survey and return of twenty-one townships, and the plan thereof made by Ephraim Ballard and Samuel Weston, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and by said plan is bounded southerly by number three in the third range, easterly by number two in the fourth range, northwardly by number three in the fifth range, and westerly by number four in the fourth range of those twenty-one townships, with all and singular the privileges and ap- purtenances of the said township hereby located and confirmed, sub- ject always, nevertheless, to the conditions mentioned in said resolve for said grant, as hereinbefore recited, and according to the true intent thereof. To have and to hold the said township hereby located and granted with the appurtenances, and subject, as aforesaid, to the said Trustees of the Marblehead Academy and their successors and assigns forever, for the use and purpose of supporting the said academy, to be by them holden in their corporate capacity, with full power and authority to set- tle, divide, and manage said township, or to sell, convey and dispose of the same in such way and manner as shall best promote the interest of the said academy, excepting and reserving as in the said resolve men- tioned. In witness whereof, the said committee have hereunto set their hands and seals this twenty-seventh day of March, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three. Samuel Phillips, Nathaniel Wells, John Read, Daniel Cony. Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of us. Samuel Ward, Sam. Cooper. Suffolk, Boston, March 27, 1793. Personally appeared Samuel Phillips, Nathaniel Wells, John Read, and Daniel Cony, Esqrs., and acknowledged the foregoing instrument to be their act and deed. Before me, Samuel Cooper, Justice of the Peace. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 871 At a meeting of the trustees aforesaid on the 3d day of June, 1793, present Samuel Sewall, Esq., William R. Lee, Marston Watson, Joseph Sewall, Samuel Hooper, Robert Hooper, John Dixey, Dr. Elisha Story, Richard Pedrick, Ebenezer Graves, and William Harris, the following pro- posals were made by Samuel Sewall, Esq., viz: To purchase the township of land in the county of Hancock granted by the General Court to the Trustees of the Marblehead Academy, and to give therefor the sum of fifteen hundred pounds, payable with inter- est, the principal and interest to be secured by the said Sewall's note or bond, with a collateral mortgage of the under-mentioned lands and ten- ements, the principal to be paid on demand after seven years, the inter- est to.be at six per cent, per annum, payable quarter yearly. At the same meeting of the Trustees it was "voted that the .proposals of Samuel Sewall for the purchase of the township be accepted; and, being fulfilled on his part, this corporation shall and will bargain, grant, assign, and convey to the said Sewall, his heirs and assigns, or to any person whom he or they shall appoint, all the said township of land with the privileges and appurtenances thereof, subject to the conditions, reservations, restric- tions, and limitations of every kind which are mentioned and set forth, in the said grant," etc. "And Colonel William R. Lee, Colonel M. Watson, and Dr. Elisha Story are hereby appointed a committee to receive of the said Sewall the securities inentioned in his said proposals, which being made and had to the satisfaction of the said committee, they are hereby fully authorized, in the name and behalf of this corporation, to make, seal, and execute a good and sufficient deed to convey in fee simple to the said Sewall, his heirs, or assigns, or to any person whom he or they shall appoint, the said township of land," etc., and the deed was duly executed and delivered, in accord- ance with said vote, on the 2d day of July, 1793. It appears from the records of the Registry of Deeds at Ellsworth, for the county of Hancock, that Samuel Sewall conveyed Township No. 3, Range 4, to William Wetmore and John Peck, October 12, 1793. William Wetmore and John Peck conveyed one-fourth of same to John Gardner February 14, 1794. William Wetmore and John Peck conveyed one-fourth of same township to Henry Newman February 14, 1795. William Wetmore conveyed one-fourth of same to John Peck the 24th day of , 1797. John Peck conveyed "11,520 acres of land in Township No. 3, Range 4," to David Green January 21, 1797. CHANGES OF OWNERSHIP. 1800. It appears Irom the proprietors' records that, prior to the year 1800, several changes had been made , respecting the ownership of the township, the proprietors at this time being as follow: Benjamin Joy, William Turner, Edward D. Turner, Stephen D. Turner, John Gushing, David Cheever, and Benjamin Hichborne, all of Boston; John Gardner, of Milton, and Sally Wetmore, of Castine. On the 20th day of February, A. D., 1800, an inden- ture of agreement was made and concluded by and be- tween the above named proprietors of the one part, and John J. Blasdel, of Collegetown (now Dixmont), phy- sician, of the other part, whereby the said Benjamin Joy 3pd hjs ^.ssppiates agreed to sell unto the said Blasdel four thousand acres of land in said township in the man- ner and upon the terms hereinafter specified, to-wit : That the said Joy and his associates will make, execute, and deliver to the said Blasdel a good warrantee deed or deeds of four thousand acres of land in said township (No. 3, Range 4), at $1 an acre, each of said parties to contribute according to the proportionate share which he holds in said township to make up the quantity of four thousand acres, and each party to be bound only for himself upon his compliance with the convenants and promises by him hereafter made, that the said Blasdel shall be allowed to choose his land at large in said town- ship, provided he shall not take more than two lots ad- joining each other in the same range, and shall have two or more lots between his choices; that the said Joy and his associates will convey to the said Blasdel 160 acres whenever he shall have surveyed said township and laid out the same into lots of 160 acres, and marked all around, and returned unto the said Joy and his associ- ates a plan thereof, provided the same be within one year from this date, and one hundred acres whenever he shall have built a good grist- and saw-mill in said town, and sixty acres whenever he shall have cut a road through the same, provided the same be com- menced within one year from this date, and completed in two years, both mills and roads, and provided the same be performed according to the directions of said Joy and his associates. And the said John J. Blasdel, in consideration of the covenants aforesaid, agrees with the proprietors, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, that he will pay, or cause to be paid to them or their attorneys, the sum of $4,000, one-third part thereof in one year from the date hereof, with interest thereon; one-third part thereof in two years from said date, with interest, and the remainder with interest thereon, in three years from said date. That the said Blasdel will survey the said township in manner aforesaid; that he will cut the road as aforesaid; that he will cause to be settled on said land within two years from this date twenty families, and that the settlement shall commence in the course of the ensuing year. That the said Blasdel will cause to be settled in said township, within said period, ten other families, provided the said Joy and his associates will furnish lands for them and take the settlers as respon- sible for the payment of the price of their lands, which price is to be fixed by said Joy and his associates, and at not less than $1.25 per acre, provided the said set- tlers shall have like time of credit with him, the said Blasdel. And it was further agreed between the parties "that said Joy and his associates should give to said Blas- del a deed, or deeds, of one-third of the land upon his compliance with one-third of the payment and terms of purchase, and of the remainder immediately on his com- pliance with the remainder of his stipulated covenants and payments. It was also understood that the said Blasdel should have a right to choose, on the terms before men- tioned, the lots for surveying, and for roads, and the grist-mill, but in his choosing he shall not take a mill- seat, unless he engages to build the mills, and in no case 872 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. more than one mill-seat, and further, that said Blasdel shall produce to the parties satisfactory evidence of his having settled the township No. 3 in the Fourth Range, according to agreement. This instrument was duly signed and sealed by the several parties aforesaid. Dr. Blasdel (whose name is latterly spelled "Blais- dell") immediately made a contract with Major Moses Hodsdon, of Berwick, Maine, to survey and lay out the township into lots, according to his agreement, aforesaid, with the proprietors. Hodsdon commenced the survey in the spring of 1800, and completed it the same year. The township was laid out into twelve ranges, with twelve lots in each range, the numbers commencing at the southeast corner of the township; lot No. i in the First Range being the southeast corner lot, and No. i in the Twelfth Range, the northeast corner lot in the township. As compensation for lotting the township, Hodsdon was to have a deed of one lot of land; and lot No. 4, in the First Range, was subsequently conveyed to him. The following lots were selected and conveyed to Blasdel to make up his quantity of four thousand- acres, according to his contract with the proprietors, to-wit : No. 6, in the First Range; Nos. 4 and 6, in the Third Range; Nos. 3, 8, and 9, in the Fourth Range; Nos. 4, 5, and 12, in the Fifth Range; Nos. 1, one-half of 10, and II, in the Sixth Range; Nos. 1, 2, 6, and 7, in the Seventh Range; Nos. 3, 6, and 7, in the Ninth Range; Nos. 3 and 5, in the Tenth Range; Nos. i, 2, and 5, in the Eleventh Range, and No. 6, in the Twelfth Range. Dr. Blasdel acted, also, as the agent for the proprietors, in procuring settlers upon their lands ; hence, the town- ship, previous to its incorporation, was called, and known as "Blasdel Town." THE PIONEERS. As the lotting of the township progressed pioneers began to flock in to make selection of lots for their future homesteads. The first "chopping" by way of settlement, was done in the first week of June, 1800, by Lemuel Tozier and John Durgin, at what is called Hill's Corner (or more latterly, Linnell's Corner), Tozier commencing on lot No. 5, and Durgin on lot No. 4, both lots lying in the Fourth Range, and their choppings contiguous. Having felled five acres of trees on lot No. 4, Range 4, Durgin sold out his possession to Josiah Barker, and settled in what is now the town of Dixmont, where he continued to reside till the time of his death, which oc- curred but a few years ago. As appears by the Proprietors' Records, Tozier and Barker contracted for their lots with Blasdel, in behalf of the proprietors, June 10, 1800, both upon the same day, Tozier agreeing to pay eight shillings and Barker nine shillings per acre for the lots. These two contracts for lots, by the settlers, are the first to be found on record. Other choppings, however, were made about the same time on lots No. 5 and 6, Range 3; on lots No. 3 and 6, Range 4; also on lot No! 6, Range 5. Tozier burnt"Tiis own and Barker's "cut- down " the same season, and built a log house on his lot in the autumn of 1800, and moved his family into it the next April, being the first settler in the town. EARLY SETTLERS. 1801. Lemuel Tozier's family and household effects were removed from his former residence on the Oakman place, in Corinth, with an ox-team, by the late Robert Campbell, who, in 1797-98, had become a settler on the present homestead of his son and grandson, John and Martin Campbell, of Corinth, adjacent to Exeter line. The late Simon Prescott, of Corinth, had also settled, early in the year 1801, on the lot next north of Camp, bell's, and these two families were Tozier's nearest neigh- bors during the first year of his residence in his wilder- ness home. But in the spring of 1801 Joseph Pease, with his sons and two sons-in-law, Josiah Barker and Reuben Seavey, came in, on foot, from Parsonsfield, to plant and sow the ground where the trees had been felled the year before, and to make further improvements preparatory to remov- ing their families hither the ensuing winter. Mr. Pease had taken up, or purchased, lot No. 6, Range 3, — now known as the James Brown farm, — where he at once commenced operations. Seavey commenced on lot No. 3, Range 4, — since known as the George W. Hill farm, — and Barker upon his lot. No. 4, Range 4,-r-since known as the Timothy Drew farm. On this lot was planted, by Albana Pease, then a lad in his fourteenth year, the first hill of corn ever raised in town. This resolute boy had been hired for the season by Barker, his brother-in-law, and had traveled all the way from Parsonsfield, via Augusta, Dixmont, and Bangor, and thence through the wilderness to this, his future home ; which, to boys of this day, would be deemed almost an impossible undertaking. In the same spring several others came, and com- menced felling trees preparatory to a settlement upon the lots they had selected. It appears by the Proprietors' Records, before alluded to, that the following lots were contracted for, under date of June i, 1801, to wit ; Josiah Lane, 160 acres; Ebenezer Avery, 100 acres; Simeon Tozier, 160 acres; Richard Staples, 1 60 acres; Joshua Palmer 80 acres ; all at nine shillings per acre. And while these contracts were being made with the proprietors. Dr. Blasdel was still actively engaged in procuring settlers to enter upon his own lands, as well as those of the proprietors; and for this purpose advertised widely in the western towns of the State, and also in New Hampshire, whence most of the early settlers emi- grated. Messrs. Pease, Barker, and Seavey remained here till theircrops were harvested and secured, and in the mean- time felled more trees, and built their cozy log cabins to shelter their families on their prospective arrival. On the 19th day of May, 1801, a petition signed by B. Joy, John Gardner, David Greene, William Turner, and John Gushing (being five of the proprietors of the township), was presented to the Hon. Oliver Wen- dell, Esq., of Boston, one of the Justices of the Peace throughout the Commonwealth, requesting his Honor to HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 873 issue his warrant "to call a meeting of said proprietors and their associates, to be holden at James Vila's Con- cert Hall, in Boston, on the 7th day of July, (then next following,) at 10 o'clock a. m., then and there to act on the following articles, viz." [Here follow seven articles to be acted on.] The meeting was called, and the trustees met accord- ingly, on July 7, 1801, there being present John Gard- ner, Benjamin Joy, William Turner, for himself and as an attorney for Edward D. Turner and Stephen D. Turner (his brothers), David Greene, and John Cushing; and, thirdly, " voted that David Greene, Benjamin Joy, and John Gardner be authorized and empowered to make, in behalf of the proprietors, such deeds and con- veyances as they have agreed to make to settlers and others, and also all other deeds and conveyances neces- sary to be made by said proprietors pursuant to any votes or ftrders passed in legal meetings." 1802. On the loth of March, 1802, Joseph Pease, and on the 12th Reuben Seavey, with their families, afrived upon the township; and Josiah Barker followed them within a month or two after; but owing to the health of his family he was obliged to delay their jour- ney till the next summer, when he returned to Limerick, and brought his wife and three children (the youngest an infant about three months old) all the way on horseback — the mother with her babe riding upon one horse, and the father and two other children, one tied on behind him and the other in his arms, riding a second horse. This arduous journey on horseback seems almost a par- allel to the departure of the old patriarch from Padan- aram, with his "wives and little ones" upon the backs of his camels. But the reader will take under considera- tion the fact that this journey was performed long, long years before the advent of steamboats and railroads, or even the convenience of common carriage roads through the country. In Boston, -isth March, 1802, at a meeting of the proprietors of township No. 3, Range 4, Benjamin Joy, Moderator, it was "voted that the proprietors in con- formity to their vote of the ist inst. now come to a divis- ion of said township by lot, according to the plan pro- posed by Benjamin Joy, Esq., and that William Turner, their clerk, be appointed to draw for the absentees. The proportions of the several proprietors having been ascer- tained and agreed to, according to the statement which hereafter follows, and the tickets having been duly pre- pared and examined by the proprietors, they were then drawn and the different lots marked against each proprie- tor's name, the result of which is as follows, and the gfveral proprietors are entitled to the several lots affixed to their names, which division is unanimously agreed to." The quantity of land then remaining in the township, unsold and to be divided among the proprietors, was 16,300 acres, the proportionate quantity to each proprie- tor at that time being as follows: Sally Wetmore, 708 acres; Stephen D. Turner, 531; John Cushing, 636; David Greene, 1,185; Ebenezer Oliver, 425; John Gard- ner, 4,07s; William Turner, 2,653; Benjamin Joy, 4,319; Edward D. Turner, 1,768; total, 16,300 acres. The several lots drawn to make up the above quantities were duly entered upon a schedule and recorded in the Pro- prietors' Records, also upon their plan of the township, the original being now (1881) in the writer's possession. On the loth of August, 1802, was born to Polly Pease, wife of Reuben Seavey, a son, named Reuben Seavey, Jr., being the first child born within the limits of the town- ship. He lived to the years of manhood, married, and settled in Stetson, where he raised up a family, and died January 19, 1858, aged fifty-five years five months and nine days. 1803. On the 24th of March, 1803, occurred the first death within the township, being that of Arene Barker, infant daughter of Josiah and Nancy Barker, aged eleven months and twenty-three days, being the child that its mother had brought through on horseback the summer before. In April, 1803, occurred the second death, in "Blasdeltown," being that of Mrs. Sarah L. Tozier, the wife of Lemuel Tozier, the "first settler," aged thirty-nine years and five months. Mrs. Tozier died of the measles, being at the time enceinte, and already the mother of twelve children. Her death produced, as well it might, a great shock to the community, as she had been not only the stay and support of her family, but, indeed, as a "mother in Israel" to the infant plan- tation. Mrs. Tozier's funeral was conducted in "due form" by Simon Prescott, the "neighbor" before alluded to, and living m the adjoining township, now Corinth. The remains of Mrs. Tozier and of the Barker child were buried in the corner of the "Tozier and Barker lots," being now in the public highway at "Linnell's Cor- ner." The remains of the Barker child were subse - quently taken up and removed to the old burying ground on Browri's Hill, and there buried by the side of its mother, who died July 22, 1821, aged forty years and five days. But Mrs. Tozier's grave still remains in the highway, and its precise locality is now unknown. Under our present date (1803) quite an accession wa made to the list of immigrants to the new plantation. Among these were Samuel and Joseph Osgood, who commenced in the north or northeasterly part of the town, in what is still known as the "Osgood Settlement," and soon after were followed by their brother, Benjamin Osgood, from New Hampshire, whence they had emi- grated. In the same year (1803) came John Chamber- lain, Esq., with his three sons, Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, Zenas, and Pickman, and one daughter, who had emi- grated from New Salem (now Meredith), New Hampshire, but had lived a few years, we think, in Hampden prior to their coming to Blasdeltown. The Chamberlains settled in the southwest part of the town, and were worthy and respectable citizens. Before the close of the year 1803 occurred the marriage of Samuel Osgood, of Blasdeltown, and Roxanna Knapp, of Orrington (now Brewer), this being the first marriage in the vicinage of Blasdeltown. In the autumn of this year came Nathan- iel Barker, then nineteen years of age, from Limerick, and passed the following winter with his brother Josiah, at whose house Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, during the winter evenings, instructed a class in the rudiments of 874 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. arithmetic, in which married people as well as single took lessons. 1804. On the 14th of February, 1804, occurred tile second birth in Blasdeltown, being that of Ira, the eldest son of Josiah and Nancy Barker. He is still living, and is a resident of Corinna, Maine. At this time, or per- haps a little earlier, Lemuel Tozier had married, for his second wife, Betsey Hathorn, widow of Asahel Gates, of Orrington (now Brewer), and had removed her with her two children, Arumah and Jacob Gates, to his own home in Blasdeltown. In August, 1804, was taught the first school in this plantation, by Miss Anna M. Stevens, of Warwick, Mas- sachusetts, who was then visiting her sister, the wife of Dr. Gale, an early settler in what was then called "New Ohio," on the town line between the present towns of Corinth and Levant, and where the doctor died the same fall. At the close of her school Miss Stevens returned home to Massachusetts, where she was afterward twice married, and reared an enterprising family. After an absence of half a century from the scenes of her early missionary labors, she was invited to be present at the fiftieth anniversary of her school, which was cele- brated March 3, 1855, at the Town House in Exeter, where was held a full convention, composed of the teachers and scholars of the several public schools in town, and of which David Barker was Supervisor, and officiated as chairman of the meeting. At this conven- tion the invited guest, then the "Widow Anna M. Met- calf," a very intelligent lady of about "three score year5 and six," was present, and partook of the festivities of the occasion, sitting at the same table with five of her old scholars who have since all passed away. Several other distinguished personages were also in attendance, among whom were the Rev. John Sawyer, then in his one hundredth year, and who addressed the Throne of Grace; and the late General Isaac Hodsdon, who was then, as he expressed it, "living on borrowed time, with his furlough nearly expired," gave a very able and appro- priate address of welcome to the distinguished guest, with whom, in the long past, he had been acquainted, but had not before seen in the last fifty years. In ex- tending a written mvitation to Mrs. Metcalf to honor the convention with her presence, an inquiry was made of her as to her recollections in regard to her "famous school," also a request for her to state if she could give the names of her scholars, the length of her school, and how supported, her means of conveyance to and from the plantation, and particularly to describe the edifice in which the school, was taught, etc., to which she responded as follows: In answer to your inquiries respecting the first school taught in "Blaisdeltown"— (doubtful whether the first attempt of a romantic girl of sixteen should be called a sc/wol)—l will say that at a meeting in the house of Mr. Levi Bradley, in -New Ohio" the much honored and lamented Rev. Jotham Sewall, who was on a missionary tour through the then almost unbroken wilderness, inquired if there was any young lady present who would like to teach, as he had $5 of missionary money to spend in that way. The result was— after the usual preliminaries— the school in question, commencing in August, 1804. It would be difficult for me to depict to modern comprehension the ingeniously constructed edifice in which the school was commenced; although I distinctly remember the four posts — crotohed a little at the top, stuck into the ground — on which were laid four other poles, or sticks of wood, with boards leaned up against and over the top, with a square hole left for ingress and egress. Boards were laid on the uneven ground for a floor. I presume there was not a nail used about it. It was located close beside Mr. Josiah Barker's bam, which was necessary, perhaps, to protect the frail tenement from being blown over. After a time the school was removed to the sleeping-room in Mr. Tozier's house. The manner of my conveyance to the scene of my labors has entirely escaped my recollection. It could not have been by railroad, stage, nor omnibus. It probably was on horseback, and very likely on the same horse behind Dr. Gale. I recollect all those families you mention, as I boarded with all or most of them. The scholars were Samuel and Clark Pease, Polly Chamberlain, Arumah Gares; Sally, Richard and Elijah Tozier; Judith and Sophia Barker; John and Clarissa Seavey, and perhaps one or two others whose names I have forgotten. I remember eating very excellent bread baked in an iron dish-kettle over a great blazing fire, and potatoes boiled in a birch- bark sap-trough!* My first trial of roads in the wilderness, was on horseback from Bangor to "New Ohio Plantation," and the next day I was unable inconsequence to sit up at all without fainting. I well remember, likewise, the beautiful simplicity and unaffected kindness and friendship of the people in those new settlements, and I most heartily deprecate Jom« of the «K^K)i;ew;ra/j of modern times. So much for the first "school ma'am" of Exeter, so worthy of the remembrance and esteem of the present and future descendants of the old stock, It may be proper to add, that the five families in the neighborhood of the school contribute^ $S additional to the "missionary money," which prolonged the terra to ten weeks. . During the month of August, 1844, a son was born in the family of Samuel and Roxanna Osgood, this son being Calvin Osgood, now of Garla'nd, Maine. 1805. In March, 1805, came Daniel B4rker,from Lim. erick (a native of Exeter, New Hampshire, for which "Blasdeltown" was subsequently named), and purchased the homestead of Leonard Tozier, who then removed to Brewer, where he continued to reside until the death of his second wife, excepting a few years, in which he had again beaten back into the wilds of "Jarvis Gore" (now part of Dedham), where he again achieved the hopor — as in Exeter — of being the "first settler." . Mr. Leonard Tozier, the distinguished pioneer, was born in Pownalborough (now Wiscasset), August 17, 1756. His first wife, Sarah Lancaster, was born in Wins- low (then "Fort Halifax"), October 29, 1761, They were married by Ezekiel Pattee, Esq., of Fort Halifax, January 19, 1780, and settled soon after in what is now Glenburn, on the Kenduskeag Stream, on the point of land (or "oxbow" on the stream), still known as "Tp- zier's Point." Mr. Tozier died m Waterville, Maine, at the home of his daughter Sally, who had married Elias Tozier, her cousin, in the winter of 1843. Mr. Tozier left a large number of descendants, some of whom are now living in Corinth, Maine, where his son, John Tozier, who died January 18, 1878, at the advanced age of eighty-nine years, eleven months, and thirteen days, had long been a worthy and prominent citizen, and where his widow still survives him. 1805 to 1810. Between these years rapid progress was made in the settlement and growth of Blasdeltown. During this period came Elias Milliken, with a large fara- *Something similar, probably, to the Madwacan "cosse-eau," or ' 'cosse de bouleau. " — Ed. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 87s i]y, from Scarborough, and Bartlett Leathers, from Not- tingham, New Hampshire, and Thomas Townsend, Sam- uel Judkins, Joseph Bradbury, William Tibbetts, Charles Crosby-, Jr., Elisha Crosby, John Crocker, Benjamin Hil- ton, Nathan Doan, Bangs Doan, Nathan Prescott, John McLellan, Mark Chase, Benjamin Sinclair, Richard Palmer, Joseph and Henry Tibbetts (twin brothers), Jo- seph Davis, Moses Dudley, and John Kenniston, and others soon followed and took up lands in the south part of the town, while in the central part had arrived Sam- uel Eastman, John anj^ William Staples, Samuel Brown, Stephen and Matthew Hedges, Noah Dow, Samuel Spar- hawk, Charles Butters, and some others. In the northern part of the town the Osgoods were soon followed by William Palmer and two of his sons, William, Jr., and John Palmer, Aaron Hatch, Joseph Champeon, Asa and Joseph Cortland, Nathaniel Oak, Ebenezer and Paul Towle, Nathaniel and John Hill, Phineas, Ebenezer, Nathan, and Nathaniel Batchelder, Gardner Farmer, Gideon Lambert, Nahum Pierce, Jesse Cross, and his brother-in-law, Waite. Jesse Cross, above named, was a Free-will Baptist clergyman, and came from New Hampshire. His wife, who was a sister of Waite, died within a few years after their removal here,'and her remains, with those of a child of Joseph and Nancy Osgood, were buried side by side in Gardner Farmer's orchard ; but in after years were taken up and removed to the old burying ground, in the "Osgood set- tlement." Soon after the death of his wife Mr. Cross and his brother, Waite, returned to New Hampshire. During these years, there being no corporate authority for raising money by a tax in the plantation, the children, of course, had to be instructed at private charge. But the early settlers, though poor, provided such means as they had for the education of their children, already be- ginning to increase to a respectable number of scholars. There were some few among the inhabitants, both male and female, who had been teachers, among whom were E. G. Chamberlain, and Mrs. Joseph Bradbury. The latter opened a private school in her own house, on the Tibbetts place, within a year or two after the close of the one by Miss Stevens, where most of the children in the neighborhood — her own among the rest — attended. Private schools were also taught about this time in the Osgood settlement, and Hedges neighborhood, being where Hazen Messenger now lives. INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. i8jo. Early in the spring of 1810 a petition was signed and sent to the Legislature, then convened in Boston, for an act of incorporation, the following being a copy : Commonwealth of Massachusetts. To the-Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Ccfm- monwealth of Massachusetts, in General Court assembled. June, 1810: The subscribers, inhabitants of Township Number Three in the fourth range, north of the Waldo Patent, commonly known by the name of Blaisdeltown, beg leave to represent that their numbers have increased to upwards of forty families; that they labour under all the. many and great inconveniences, which naturally arise in consequence of their unincorporated situation. They therefore pray that the said Township, with the inhabitants therein, may be incorporated into a town by the name of Exeter, with all the privileges and immunities which other towns in the Commonwealth enjoy. As in duty bound will ever pray. Samuel Spaehawk, Joseph Osgood, Samuel Eastman, Joseph Champeon, Nathaniel Bacheldee, Benjamin Osgood, Samuel Beown, Samuel Osgood, Matthew Hedges, Gardner Farmer, Nathaniel Oak, William Palmer, Asa Caetland, William Palmer, Jr., Nahum Pierce, Josiah Barker, Nathaniel Hill, Daniel Barker, J-oseph Pease, Jr., Joseph Beadbury, Moses Dudley, Albana Pease, Nathaniel Barker, Joseph Tibbetts, Henry Tibbetts, Reuben Seavey, Benjamin Hilton, Thomas Townsend, McKenzie Pease, Richard Staples, Charles Crosby, Joseph Pease. Aaron Hatch, On the foregoing petition a Bill, an "Act to incorpo- rate the Town of Exeter," was reported by the Commit- tee, and finally passed on the i6th of February, 181 1. ORGANIZATION AND EARLY PROCEEDINGS — SCHOOLS. 181 1. The warrant for calling the first town meeting in Exeter under its charter (or act of incorporation, in February, 181 1,) was issued by Moses Hodsdon, Esq., of "Conduskeag Plantation" (as the present town of Ken- duskeag was then called), and under this warrant the legal voters of the town assembled at the dwelling-house of Samuel Eastman, on Lot No. i. Range 6, on Mon- day, April I, 181 1, and chose Matthew Hedges Moder- ator; John Chamberlain Town Clerk; John Chamber- Iain, Samuel Osgood, Joseph Pease, Jr., Selectmen; Gardner Farmer Treasurer; Nathaniel Barker Collector of Taxes. John Chamberlain, Esq., was retained in the offices of Clerk and Chairman of the Board of Selectmen for three consecutive years. He was a saddler by trade, and the first Justice of the Peace in town, holding that office under an appointment by the Governor of Massachusetts. He was one of the earliest settlers in town, and died here on the 3d of January, 1830. No sooner had the citizens of Exeter become organ- ized as a town than they began to manifest a renewed interest in the education of their children. At their sec- ond town meeting, May 28, 1811, on the tenth article of their warrant, "Voted eighty dollars for schooling this year." On Article 19, "Voted two hundred dollars for building school-houses," which are the first votes touching the subject of education. At this meeting Joseph Os- good, Joseph Pease, Jr., and Samuel Brown were chosen a committee to superintend the building of school-houses. The sum of $80, raised for schooling, was to be paid by the first day of February, 1812, in wheat at 9s., rye at 7s., or corn at 6s. per bushel. The town met again December 26, 181 1, to consider the question whether school-houses should be built by the town or the several school districts. After consider- able discussion and deliberation, it was decided "That the town will build school-houses for the several districts as soon as they shall contain twenty children from the ages of four to twenty-one years;" and Charles Butters, Joseph Pease, Jr., and Aaron Hatch were chosen a 76 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. cmmittee "to mark out the outlines of as many school tricts as they shall think proper to make." The committee forthwith made their report, which was accepted. This report embraced three school districts, viz.: "South Central" (southeast No. i. Hill's Corner), "Northeast" (No. 2, Osgood Settlement), and "North- west" Districts (Exeter Corner). This division was found to be impracticable; for, at a meeting of January 17, 181 2, the town voted to have but two school districts, viz.: "Southeast and Northeast, and that the dividing line between them be the centre line which passes through the town north and south;" and that the money ($200) which had been raised May 28, 181 1, "or its stated value in grain," be apportioned to the building of said houses. These houses were to be 26 by 20 feet on the ground, 9-foot posts, and hipped roof, and to be set up and fit for summer schools by the 20th day of June next (A. D. 1812). These two houses were built in the summer of 181 2, but not in season for the summer schools. They were used for schools, however, the next winter, 181 3. On the 19th December, 181 2, the inhabitants voted "That the town be districted anew, and to contain but four districts, running a line through, the town east and west betwixt the Sixth and Seventh rartges, and a line north and south through the town betwixt No. 6 and No. 7, throughout the ranges, each quarter to form one district." It was further voted "That each of the four districts shall have five hundred dollars apiece allowed them by the town for building school-houses." The school-houses in the foregoing districts were built by the town, and all others have since been built by the several districts. The school-house in the Northwest District was built in 18x5, and the Southwest (No. 4) in 1820. Other districts have since been set off from the four original districts, and established in the following order, viz.: District No. 5, in 1820; No. 6, in 1823; No. 7, in 1824; No. 8, in 1827; No. 9, in 1829; No. 10, in 1831; No. II, in 183s; No. 12, in 1839; No. 13, in 1839; No. 14, in 1841; and No. 15, in the same year, 1841. The first public town school in Exeter was taught in the summer of 181 1, in District No. i, or Southeast Dis- trict, by Miss Susan Prescott, daughter of Nathan Pres- cott, then living in the district. That school was kept in the west room of Joseph Pease's log house, being on Lot No. 6, Range 3, now known as the James Brown place. The second town school in the same district was taught in the summer of 181 2, by Miss Elizabeth Budge, in a room in Nathan Prescott's log house (there being, in fact, none other than log houses at that time in the town). During the same summer, 1812, the first town school was taught in District No. 2, or the Northeast District (then so called), by Miss Mary T. Hill, daughter of Captain Na- thaniel Hill, then living in the district. The next winter, 1813, Isaac Jacobs was the first male teacher in District No. 1, and Lewis Bean in District No. 2. The first school in District No. 3, or Northwest District, was taught in the summer of 1813, by Miss Sarah Shaw, daughter of George Shaw, who had removed his family here the same year from New. Durham, New Hampshire, and continued to reside here until his death. In the summers of 18x4 and 18 1 5 the schools in this district were taught by Betsey Shaw, a sister of Sarah (the first teacher). The first male teacher in District No. 3 was Isaac Jacobs, who taught here in the winter of 1 816-17, and again the next winter following. The first school in District No. 4, or Southwest .District, was taught by Sally Peabody, of Corinth, in the summer of 18 18; and Hannah Peabody, her sister, taught in the same.distrjpt in 1819. The first male teacher in No. 4 was James Adams, who taught here in the winter of 1823-24. Exeter High School was incorporated in March, 1838, with an appropriation of six hundred dollars from the State. The first preceptor in this institution was the late Dr. Albert Wheelock, of Belfast, Maine. The high school was located at Exeter Corner, where a large, com- modious building was erected by School District No. 3, and is used both for the high school and the public town school. THE EXETER SOCIAL LIBRARY was established at East Exeter, in January, 1826, being the first public library in town; and John Huckins, then a merchant in the place, was chosen Librarian. In the establishment of this library, Flavel Butters was an active mover, and chairman of the committee to solicit sub- scriptions for shares in the library, at two dollars per share; and also to select and purchase the books. In after years, when the books had been extensively read, they were divided among the shareholders. PLACES OF TOWN MEETINGS. The Exeter Town House was erected, for municipal purposes, in the summer of 1843. Prior to this time, town meetings were held at private houses in different parts of the town, and at school-houses, as the selectmen of the town might direct. The private houses at which town meetings were held, at different times, during the first ten years of the town's municipal history, were those of Samuel Eastman on lot No. i, R. 6; William Hill on No. 6, R. 7 ; Levi Stevens on No. 3, R. 6; Jonathan Palmer No. 3, R. 8; and Isaac Jacobs on No. 5, R. 7. The first town meeting held at a school- house, was on the 3d of April, 1815, at the "Southeast School House" (No. i), where the town again met May 20, 1816. On the 4th of November, 1816, a town meeting was held, for the first time, at the " Northeast School House " (No. 2). On the 9th of March, 18 18, for the first time, a town meeting was held at the "Northwest School House" (No. 3). And the annual March meeting, in 1835, was held at the school-house in District No. 4. CHURCHES. Prior to the building of the old school-house in Dis- trict No. r, no public building of any kind had ever been built in town, but, as the early settlers were a religious, church-going people, and having no other places in which to assemble, the farmers' barns were used in summer, lilSTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINS 877 and their log-house- kitchens in winter, as places, of public religious worship. That was at a time when almost every one, within four or six miles, attended religious meetings on the Sabbath, females not excepted, and walked this distance with great seeming alacrrty; when feelings of kindness were entertained, and acts of bene- volence exercised by each, towards SlI others ; when each rejoiced at the prosperity of his neighbor, and sympathized with him in adversity and affliction; when npne of those hateful, invidious distinctions existed in society which too often destroy the confidence, peace and happiness of neighborhoods and communities; when the criterion of respectability was neither in the contents of one's purse, the cut, or texture of a garment, nor the furniture of his domicile ; when not a town was incorporated, nor a school-house, nor a meet- ing-house erected north and west of Bangor, within the ^h^n county of Hancock; at a time when To build the towering church and spire, God's people were not able, And so, to hear their humble prayer. The Lord would meet them anywhere — In kitchen, grove, or stable. Among the primitive preachers who occasionally held meetings among the early settlers, were the Rev. Jotham Sewall, Elder Simmons, the venerable John Sawyer, Isaac Davis, Paul Ruggles, Enoch Huntting, Jonathan Palmer, Joseph Merrill, Joseph Osgood, Aaron Hatch, Peter Burgess, Melville Cox, Joseph Lull, and, more lat- terly, Jesse Norcross, Jacob Hatch, and Albana Pease. The first baptism in town, by immersion, was adminis- tered in the summer of 181 1 by Elder Paul Ruggles, of Carmel, the candidate for the ordinance being Reuben Seavey, who subsequently became an ordained minister of the Gospel, of the Calvinistic Baptist persuasion. Elder Ruggles held his meeting on the occasion of Mr. Seavey's baptism, in the log-house kitchen of Na- thaniel Barker, and the rite of baptism administered at what was called the " Bradbury Rips," in the Kendus- keag Stream, half a mile distant from the place of meet- ing. A Baptist church was organized in Exeter by the Rev. Paul Ruggles in 181 5, but the early records of the church are not now to be found. On the sale of the lands in town which were " reserved for the ministry," the several religious denominations organized their soci- eties (regardless of church membership), in order that each society might draw its share of the interest accru- ing annually from the " Ministerial Fund." But after dividing this interest among the religious societies for some years, the town at length voted that the Ministerial and School Fund should thereafter be held in trust by the town, and the interest distributed to the several school districts, in proportion to the number of scholars in each, for the support of education. A Free-will Baptist Church was instituted in town not long after that of the Calvinistic Baptists, and the Rev. Joseph Osgood was ordained as its pastor, as early as 1817. Messrs. Osgood and Aaron Hatch were early and zealous exhorters in their meetings. At a subsequent period the Rev. John Page, Elder Daniel Swett, and Samuel Whitney were employed as preachers for the so- ciety. At a meeting of the society held May 26, 1827, it was "voted to divide the ministerial money equally be- tween Elder John Page and Elder Joseph Osgood." In 1828 the money was divided between Elder John Page and Elder Daniel Swett; and in 1829, between Elder Page and Elder Samuel Whitney. No decisive move- ment is known to have been made to secure preaching here by the Methodists, till 18 16, when Ebenezer Hig- gins moved into town and interested himself in the mat- ter, and succeeded in the formation of an " eight weeks' circuit" from Harmony to Palmyra, comprising the towns of Harmony, Ripley, Dexter, Garland, Exeter, Corinth, Levant, Stetson, Corinna, and St. Albans — all taking the name of the "Exeter Circuit." In i8i7the Rev. Joseph Lull was sent here, as the first minister upon the circuit. In 1818-19 ^ church was organized here, known as the "Christian Band," in which the Rev. Albana Pease officiated for many years ; afterward becoming a Chris- tian Adventist. He died in Exeter September 30, 1863, aged seventy-six years, one month and fifteen days. A Congregational Church was organized in Exeter in 1842-3, and Congregational preaching was obtained, al- ternately with the Baptists ; and through the efforts of the Rev. E. G. Carpenter, a church edifice was erected at East Exeter, in 1843, by these two societies, in which the desk was occupied, for a year or two, by Mr. Carpenter, and Elder Jacob Hatch, of Dexter ; also occasionally by the Rev. John Sawyer, of Garland. A Universalist Society was also organized in town about the year 1834-35, and the Rev. William Frost and Rev. William Miller were the officiating clergymen. Their meetings were held in school-houses, which were generally well filled. The first meeting-house in town was built by the Meth- odists and Free-will Baptist Society, jointly, at Exeter Corner, in 1829. That house was burned within a few years after. These two societies then dissolved partner- ship, and each society built a house for its own accom- modation. Since that time other religious societies, such as the Christian Adventists ini84i, the Congrega- tionalists and Calvin-Baptists in 1843, and finally the Episcopal Society in 1874, have erected their own church edifices, and each for its own particular form of worship. For these laudable and worthy enterprises, each of the above-named societies is entitled to much credit. But to the ladies of Exeter Mills and vicinity was reserved the crowning honor of erecting, in the centennial year of our national independence, the first Free House within the precincts of the town, where the people of every creed and denomination may unite in the worship of the Great Common Father, and, in the mode and manner his conscience shall dictate ; it being designed not only as a place for public religious worship, but for scientific lec- tures, social gatherings, and for the convenience and benefit of a free, intelligent, and progressive people. This edifice is called the " Exeter Mills Hall," dedicated November 27, 1876. EARLY MARRIAGES. Among the early marriages in Exeter were : Samuel §78 HISTORY OF PfilSfOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Osgood and Roxanna Knapp, 1803; Lemuel Tozier and Betsey H. Gates, 1804; Joseph Osgood and Nancy Wil- kins, 1806; Nathaniel Barker and Sally Pease, 1807; George Tilson and Nancy Barker, 1808 ; Joseph Pease, Jr., and Polly Barker, Aaron Hatch and Betsey Wilkins, 1809 ; Albana Pease and Sally Barker, Matthew Milliken and Peggy Matthews, Rufus Simpson and Nancy Blaven, 1811. TAX-PAYERS OF SIXTY-FOUR YEARS AGO. The following is a list of the tax-payers in Exeter for the year 18 18, and the proportion paid by each, on a tax of $300, assessed by Samuel Eastman, Nathaniel Atkins and Theophilus Brown^ assessors for that year: Thatcher Avery $7 04 Henry Cain $0 70 Nathaniel Atkins 93 Bangs Doane 124 loshua Atlcins 285 Daniel Dole 266 Elisha Atkins i 54 Noah Dow 614 Elisha Atkins, 2d 232 John Daniels 88 Nathaniel Atkins, Jr i 41 David Dunbar 2 61 Ezekiel Atwood 272 Zenas Dexter 83 Theophilus Brown 3 73 Benjamin Evans 315 James Brown 2 82 Samuel Eastman 5 60 Lot R. Brown i 29 Michael Glidden i 41 Josiah Barker 8 02 William Glidden 97 Nathaniel Barker; 435 Isaac Glidden 70 Lewis Barker 361 Gardner Farmer 4 46 Benjamin Ballard 3 72 Mace S. Grinnell 3 23 Charles Butters 6 09 Francis Hill 5 73 Simeon Butters 291 Nathaniel Hill, Jr 3 71 Daniel Butters 173 Nathaniel Hill 449 Nathan Batchelder. 2 15 John Hill 10 37 Ebenezer Batchelder 4 88 William Hill 4 88 Samuel Browr. 6 87 Henry Hill 3 44 J ohn W. Buswell 2 74 Stephen Holt i 45 Phineas Batchelder 268 Barachias Holt i 12 Nathaniel Batchelder 4 77 Ebenezer Higgins 2 34 Asa Cartland 10 10 John Hodsdon 8g John B. Clark i 73 David Hamilton 181 Winthrop Chapman 5 97 Leonard Hill 70 David Crowell 2 51 Isaac Jacobs 5 38 John Chamberlain 2 13 John Kenniston 759 Zenas Chamberlain 2 13 Bartlett Leathers 2 93 Pickman Chamberlain 233 John McLellan i 33 Joseph Carr 83 Timothy Miller i 06 David Cain 70 Nathaniel Oak 12 62 Samuel Osgood 7 25 George Shaw 4 99 Joseph Osgood 2 88 John Shaw 4 99 Benjamin Osgood 3 53 Asa Shaw 6 06 John Oaks i 71 LeviStevens 5 60 Nahum Peirce 85 Benjamin Stinson 75 Albana Pease 2 58 Ira ShepardSon 2 63 Samuel Pease i 66 Joseph Tibbetts 4 39 Clark Pease 70 Henry Tibbetts 4 39 Jonathan Palmer 4 28 Thomas Townsend i 33 William Palmer i 26 Ebenezer Towle 340 John Palmer i 06 Ebenezer Towle, Jr 3 14 Joseph Robinson 262 Paul Towle 486 Jeremiah Richards 141 Smith Williams 70 Reuben .Seavey 326 Jonas Warner 70 Jonathan Sargent 2 51 Harvey Woodard 70 Joseph Sargent 77 Total $296 09 OBITUARY. Of the foregoing names on the tax-list of 1818, only two out of the ninety-five composing the list are now liv- ing, viz: Daniel Dole and Leonard Hill. The last one that died, out of the list, was Colonel Francis Hill, whose exit was on the 8th of January, 1881. He died on the old homestead, where, in 1814, he commenced in the wilderness to make for himself a farm and a future home. Here he had lived ever since. He was left an orphan at an early age, and, without a patrimony, was obliged to shift for himself. At the time of his marriage, in January, 1815, like most of the early settlers of Exe- ter, he and his young wife, who was equal to the emer- gency, commenced the struggle of life in a log cabin, de- pending mainly on the labor of their hands, and their labors were crowned with success. Colonel Hill was noted for his habits of industry, economy, and superior business tact. In this way he accumulated a large estate, and before his death was accounted one of the wealthiest men in town. He had often been called, by the suffrages of his fellow-citizens, to fill the most important offices in town, whose business affairs were ever considered safe in his hands. In his death one of the oldest land-marks in town has been removed, and of which but very few now remain. Of the thirty-three petitioners to the ■ Legislature, in 1 8 10, asking for the incorporation of Exeter, only one is left on the shores of time. That survivor of all his early companions is McKenzie Pease, now (1881) in his ninety- fifth year, and living with his daughter in Bangor. He was a twin brother of the late Rev. Albana Pease. THE POST-OFFICES. In Exeter are four post-offices^Exeter, South Exeter (formerly Hill's Corner), Exeter Mills, and East Exeter. The first was established at Exeter Corner, May'i, 1824, and John Shaw was the first postmaster. The second was established February 27, 1834, and Bradbury Robin- son was appointed postmaster. The third was established December 0, 1844, and David N. Buffum appointed postmaster. The fourth was established in 1854, and John Cuttler appointed the first postmaster. APPORTIOiSIMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICTS. 1820-21. New Charleston, Blakesburg, Levant, Cor- inth, Exeter, and Plantation No. i. Third Range, and No. I, Fourth Range, one Representative. 1821, March 22. Exeter, Corinth, New Charleston, Garland, and Dexter, one Representative. 1831, March 10. Exeter and Dexter, one Representa- tive. 1841, April 2. Exeter, one Representative. 1842, March 17. Exeter and Garland, one Repre- sentative ; and these t\^■o towns still remain as one Rep- resentative District. SENATORS. In 1837 and 1838 Ebenezer Higgins, of Exeter, was elected Senator to the State Legislature; and for 1881 and 1882 Francis W. Hill of Exeter, was elected by the county for that office, which he now holds. REPRESENTATIVES. 1820-23, Daniel Wilkins, New Charleston; 1824-25, Cornelius Cool- idge. Dexter; 1826, Winthrop Chapman, Exeter; 1827-31, Reuben Bartlett, Garland; 1832, Reuben S. Prescott, Exeter; 1833, Isaac Smith, Dexter; 1834, Chandler Eastman, Exeter; 1835, Oilman M. Burleigh, Dexter; 1836, Ebenezer Higgins, Exeter; 1837, Isaac Russ, Dexter; 1838, Noah Barker, Exeter; 1839, Charles C. Cushman, Dexter; 1840, Noah Barker, Exeter; 1841, Isaac Hatch, Dexter; 1842, Hammon Eastman, Exeter; 1843, Smith Libby, Exeter; 1844, Lyndon Oak, Garland; 1845, Charles Butters, Exeter; 1846, Lyndon Oak, Gar- land; 1847, William Palmer, Exeter; 1848, Stephen D. Jennings, Gar- HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 879 land; 1849, Isaiah Avery, Exeter; 1850, Loring D. Hayes, Garland; i8si-S2,*Samuel M. Woodman, Exeter; 1853, Joseph T. Knight, Gar- land; i8S4-SS. Thomas K. Holt, Exeter; 1856, Noah Barker, Exeter; 1857, Artemas Merriam, Garland; 1858, Joshua Palmer, Exeter; 1859, Noah W. Johnson, Garland; i860, Winthrop Chapman, Exeter; 1861, Luther Rideout, Garland; 1862, E. H. Small, Exeter; 1863, Daniel M. Haskell, Garland; 1864, John W. Osgood, Exeter; 1865, Lyndon Oak, Garland; 1866, Augustus E. Chandler, Exeter; 1867, Lyndon Oak, Garland; 1868, Amasa Stetson, Exeter; 1869, Lyndon Oak, Garland; 1870, John Whileey, Exeter; 1871, Andrew M. Haskell, Garland; 1872, David Barker, Exeter; 1873, Lorenzo Oak, Garland; 1874, Benjamin Frost, Exeter; 1875, Edson L. Oak, Garland; 1876, James L. Linnell, Exeter; 1877, George S. Claik, Garland; 1878, George S. Hill, Exeter; 1879, Charles Seward, Garland; 1880, George S. Hill, Exeter; 1881-82, Calvin P. Berry, Garland. CORONERS. The following-named persons have served as Coroners from Exeter: Josiah Barker, June 24, 1829; Ebenezer Higgins, December 25, 1833; Ebenezer Moulton, March z, 1837; Charles W. Adams, March 24, 1838; Philbrick B. Tay, May 2, 1839; Isaiah Avery, November 7, 1839 to May I, 1848. DEDIMUS JUSTICES. The following have been appointed since the admis- sion of Maine as a State : Isaac Jacobs, July 7, 1821; Winthrop Chapman, March 13, 1826; Ebenezer Higgins, March 17, 1836; John L. Hodsdon, January i, 1839; Chandler Eastman, May 2, 1839; Isaiah Avery, September 25, 1847; Noah Barker, May 11, 1852. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The following were appointed by the Governor of Massachusetts : John Chamberlain, March 20, 1816; John Kenniston, March 20, 1816; Isaac Jacobs, July 3, 1818. The/oUowing Justices of the Peace were appointed after the separation from Massachusetts, from the year 1826 to 1855, inclusive, twenty-five years; each for terms of seven years : i8z6, Benjamin Evans ; 1827, Ezekiel Hayes; 1828, Charles Butters, Winthrop Chapman, Isaac Jacobs, Joseph Tibbetts; 1829, Henry Hill, John B. Hill ; 1831, Reuben S. Prescott, Chandler Eastman, Ezekiel Hayes; 1835, Francis Hill; 1836, Joshua Palmer, Samuel Brown, Wil- liam Fairfield, Henry Hill, John Lovett, Ebenezer Higgins, Winthrop Chapman, James Adams ; 1837, Noah Barker, Alexander M. Robinson; 1838, John W. Osgood, George W. Hill, Chandler Eastman, Hazen Eastman, Edward Snow; 1839, Augustus C. Smith, 1841, William Clark; 1842, Joseph C. Chandler, Francis Hill; 1843, Ebenezer Hig- gins ; 1844, George Kenniston, Henry Hill, Noah Barker, Francis W. Hill, David Barker; 1845, Samuel K. White, John L. Hodsdon. Hazen Eastman, George W. Wilcox ; 1846, Lorenzo D. Butters, Benjamin B. Brown ; 1848, Thomas McCard, Mark Barker, John Bus- well; 1849, Francis Hill, Isaiah Avery, Henry P. Haynes; 1850, James M. Daniels, Benjamin B. Brown, Ebenezer Higgins; 185.1, Noah Barker, David Barker, Francis W. Hill. DEPITTY SHERIFFS. The following is a list of the Deputy Sheriffs down to the year 185 1 : Francis Hill, Ebenezer Higgins, Ebenezer Moulton, Philbrick B. Tay, Charles W. Adams, Isaiah Avery, Augustus C. Smith, George W. Hill, Allen C. Tibbetts, Nathaniel Barker. In 1855 Hon. Francis W. Hill, of Exeter, was Sheriff of Penobscot county. MERCHANTS. The first merchant in town was Samuel Currier, who pame here from Vermont m June, 1819, and opened a stock of goods in 182 1, in a small building then standing where "the Abee House, at East Exeter, now stands, the place bewg 'hen known as Stevens's Mills. He soon after built a new store adjoining the old one, which last was occupied by the district, in the winter of 1822, for a school-house, in which John Shaw was teacher. The merchants who succeeded Currier at this place were, John Huckins, in 1824-25; Reuben S. Prescott, in 1827, who continued here till May, 1833; Joseph Ken- drick, Jr., Henry G. Hill, David Barker, Warren R. Abee, John Cutler, Butters & Shaw, Lorenzo D. Butters, and John Q. Adams (the present trader of the place), and each at different times engaged in mercantile busi- ness. In 1822, after closing his school in the Currier store, John Shaw built a store at Exeter Corner (then a forest), and commenced trade therein, this being the second store built in town, and the only one then occupied. Mr. Shaw continued in the mercantile business till May, 1851, having followed the business twenty-nine years. The amount of goods sold by him during that time, as he says in his letter, "was probably from $200,000 to $300,000." The successors of John Shaw, at Exeter Corner, have been Ezekiel Hayes, Shaw's partner, in 1824; Andrew Shaw, as partner, in 1825; John Walker, in August, 1825 ; John D. Prescott, with J. Shaw, in April, 1835. Joseph and Josiah Paine bought out Walker, and commenced m 1835; they sold to Andrew Pease, in 1836; and about this time Joseph and Henry M. True commenced trade in the building since occupied as a law-office by John L. Hodsdon and David Barker. In 1839 WiUiam W. French commenced trade in the Shaw store; and in 1840 Augustus C. French com- menced in partnership with J. Shaw. In 1842 Lewis T. Joscelyn commenced and sold out to J. Walker in 1847. Francis W. Hill commenced trade at the corner about the year 1843; and Samuel Heard, Jr., about 1848. Joshua Gammon, J. T. Morton, Noah H. Smith, and Ezekiel H. Page, were each in trade here before the present merchants, George S. Hill and John Whitney, commenced. At Exeter Mills the first merchant was Zebediah Holt. He was succeeded by Benjamin Plummer, Phil- brick B. Tay, William Hunnewell, David N. Buffum, Thomas J. Hill, George W. Libby, Edward & John Snow, Benjamin B. Brown & Mark Parker, Nathaniel E. & Charles Brownj Thomas Mansfield, John Whitney Edmund T. Canney, Benjamin R. Laird, and Mr. Fau- sette, who is now the only merchant in the place. At Linnell's Corner the first trader was William Can- ney, ist, who in 1825 opened a store of goods in the west room of Timothy Drew's dwelling house. He afterwards commenced trade at South Exeter, then known as "Canney's Corner." His successors at Lin- nell's Corner were Edmund Peavey, Henry Hill, Brad- bury Robinson, Levi Cutler, and James L. Linnell. At South Exeter the first merchant was William Can- ney, I St; since his death the traders have been Reuben Butters, Flavel B. Shaw, Edmund T. Canney, and J. W. Kent, who is now the only trader there. PHYSICIANS. The first physician in Exeter was Dr. Benjamin Evans, who settled here in 181 7. His successors have been 88o HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. William Fairfield, William R. Morrill, Dr. Waterhouse, J. M. Small, John B. Wilson, S. W. L. Chase, and F. N. Wheeler, Drs. Chase and Wheeler being the present practitioners. LAWYERS. The first lawyer in town was John B. Hill, Esq., who settled at Exeter Corner in 1827-28. His successors have been Samuel Cony (afterwards Governor of the State), James Adams, Charles Cushman, Alexander M. Robinson, Josiah Crosby, George W. Wilcox, John L. Hodsdon, and David Barker, who died September 14, 1874. At present (1881) there is no lawyer in town. EARLIEST MECHANICS IN EXETER. The first saddler in town was John Chamberlain, who came here in 1803, and died in 1830. The first shoemaker was Thomas Townsend, who came here in 1809, and died of small-pox in 1821. The first house-joiner was Samuel Hersey, who finished off the first school-house in town, in 1812. He was fol- lowed, in 1815, by Stephen Holt, who was a mechanic of the first order; not only a joiner but a wheelwright, and built the first wagon that was ever constructed in Exeter. , His ingenuity seems to have descended, as by inheritance, to his sons, Stephen, Edward B., and Thomas K., the latter of whom is still living, and a supe- rior workman. He built the Corporation Mills at Veazie. The first hatter in town was Joseph Bradbury, who came here in 1806, and raised his hatter-shop on the Dole farm, August 19, 18 14. He removed with his family to Ohio in 18 16. The first blacksmith in town was Zenas Dexter, who came here in 1817. His shop stood nearly on the site where now stands the school-house at East Exeter, then Stephens's Mills. The first printer was Benjamim F. Tozier, who started a newspaper here in 1843, called The Pioneer, which was a short-lived concern, dying for want of patronage. The first cabinet-maker in town was David Adams, who built his house at Exeter Corner in 182 1, where he worked at his trade for several years and then went to Massachusetts. The first tanner in town was Hazen Eastman, who came here in 1820. He is still living at Exeter Mills. The first tin plate-workers were William C. and Leon- ard P. Smith, who worked at the business at Exeter Mills as early as 183s. Leonard P. is now at Seattle, Washington Territory. The first goldsmith in Exeter was John A. Mayhew, who worked at his trade at Exeter Corner for some years, and then removed to Bangor, where he died not long since. The first chair-maker in town was Samuel K. White who was an excellent workman, and died here of cholera in 1849. The first tailor was David Dinsmore, who died in Minnesota soon after his arrival there in 1851. The first painter, glazier, and paper-hanger in town was Daniel Dole, who purchased his farm here in 1816, and moved his family here in 1825. He is now the oldest citizen living in town. ' The first regular butcher and meat vender w^s Con- sider Glass, who commenced buying the farmers' calves and lambs in about the year 1841-42. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. The first saw- and grist-mill in town was built at East Exeter, by Levi Stevens, in 1813. Previous to this time the inhabitants were under the necessity of going through the woods on horseback, either to Hodsdon's Mills in Kenduskeag, or- to Elkins's Mills in Dexter, to get their corn and grain ground. The first carding and cloth-dressing in Exeter was done by John Atkins, who built his clothing mill at East Exeter in 1821-22. This mill was burnt in the winter of 1825, when John Cutler and Horace S. Upham bought the privilege and rebuilt the mill, where they carried on the business extensively for several years. Mr. Upham died in Exeter in the fall of 1841, and Mr. Cutler in Bangor February 9, 1862. His son, John L. Cutler, is now one of the prominent business men in Bangor. He was born in Exeter, March 9, 1829, where he still re- tains an interest in the mills, long known as Cutler's Mills, at East Exeter. MILITARY HISTORY. The history of the old Militia Company of Exeter, embracing, at last, within its limits, only the north half of the town, commences at an early period in the annals of the county, and continues down to about the year 1843-44, when, by act of legislation, all the ununiformed militia of the State was exempted from active duty, "ex- cept in case of insurrection, war, invasion, or to prevent invasion." We find, indeed, that this was the oldest military company within the limits of the present county of Penobscot, being a perpetuation of the original com- pany organized on the Penobscot River, in 1776. After the breaking out of the Revolution, in 1775, the Provin- cial Congress of Massachusetts lost no time in securing the Penobscot Indians in the interest of the Colonies. Accordingly Captain John Lane was sent by the Provin- cial Congress to raise a company from the Penobscots to join in the war. The result was that in 1776 a company, consisting of twenty white men and ten Indians, was organized, and one Andrew Oilman, who was then living among the In- dians and understood their language, was made Com- manding Lieutenant, and Joseph Mansall (afterwards captain of the company) orderly sergeant. "This was the first military organization, and a rude fort, at the angle of the roads just above Mt. Hope, was their headquarters. They acted as rangers until the British occupied 'Bagaduce,' or Castine.in 1779."* About this time the company was under the command of Captain Smith. t In 1800 that company, then em- bracing Bangor and a territory called "Kenduskeag," which now composes the towns of Glenburn, Levant, Corinth, Charleston, Exeter, etc., was commanded by Captain Edward Wilkins, who then resided in what is now the town of Charleston. In 1802 the company was divided, a new company being org anized in Bangor, and *Bangor Centennial Address by Hon. J, E. Godfrey. tGeneral Isaac Hodsdon's Letter. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Timothy Crosby was elected captain, Wilkins still com- manding the old company. On the 2ist day of October, 1805, Wilkins resigned, and Elisha Mayhew (then living on the old "Leavitt place" in Levant, opposite the "Oakman homestead" in Corinth), was elected captain, Isaac Hodsdon, lieutenant, and Samuel Grant, ensign. In 1806 Elijah Skinner, of Corinth, was chesen ensign, vice Grant, removed. Mayhew's company embraced the present towns of Levant, Corinth, Exeter, and Stetson. In December, 1810, Captain Mayhew was elected Colonel of a regiment, and left Hodsdon in command of the company. In March, 181 1, Hodsdon was ap- pointed Adjutant, but still held his command of the com- pany. On Tuesday, April 30, 181 1, Josiah Barker, of Exeter, was chosen captain, and on the first Tuesday of May, 181 1, there was a "training " at his house, this being the first " militia training " in Exeter. In August, 1811, a new company was formed in Cor- inth and Levant, of which Reuben Ball, of Corinth, was elected captain, leaving Barker in command of the old company, composed of Exeter and Stetson, and of which Nathaniel Ingalls, of Stetson, was orderly ser- geant and clerk. In 1816 a new company was organized in Stetson, of which John Lakin was chosen captain, leaving Barker still in command of the old company. After the forma- tion of this new company in Stetson-, Winthrop Chapman was elected lieutenant, and Ira Shepardson ensign of the old company, and John Palmer was appointed orderly sergeant and clerk. Captain Barker held his commission till 18 18, as ap- pears by the following extract from the company rec- ords : KEGIMENTAL ORDERS. Corinth, loth March, i8i8. The company lately commanded by Captain Josiah Earlier will meet at Stevens's Mill, in Exeter, on Friday, the 20th instant, at one of the clock p. M., to elect a captain in lieu of Captain Josiah Barker, who is honorably discharged at his own request, and to fill any vacancy that (may) happen by said choice. By order of the Colonel, George Simpson, Adjutant of Fourth Regiment. To Ensign Ira Shepardson, Exeter. A true copy, attest, John Palmer, Clerk, On the 20th day of March, 1818, Ira Shepardson was elected captain and Joseph Tibbetts ensign. Chapman still held his commission as lieutenant, though super- seded by Shepardson, till July 3, 1819, when Joseph Tibbetts was elected lieutenant, and Francis Hill en- sign. On the 20th of May, 1822, Lieutenant Joseph Tib- betts was elected captain, Francis Hill lieutenant, and Joshua Atkins ensign. In 1824 a new company was formed called the Exe- ter South Company, embracing the south half of the town, and of which Stephen B. Chamberlain was elected captain, Sewall Chapman lieutenant, and James Brown ensign. The successors of Chamberlain as captains of the new company were Samuel Currier, Henry Hill, Smith Libby, George W. Hill, and Captain Elijah Crane, who was in office at the time the militia system was changed by statute enactment, his associates in office be- ing Lieutenant Allen C. Tibbetts and Ensign Nathaniel Barker. After the division of the company in 1824, the old company made choice of Francis Hill captain, Ham- mon Eastman lieutenant, and John Walker ensign. This was the first choice of officers after the division of the old Exeter company. On the 20th of February, 1826, Captain Francis Hill was elected lieutenant-colonel, vice Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Greely, deceased; and May 20, 1826, the com- pany elected Hammon Eastman captain, John Walker lieutenant, and Andrew Shaw ensign. On'the i6th April, 1829, John Walker was chosen captain, Andrew Shaw lieutenant, and Joshua Palmer ensign. May 12, 1832, Andrew Shaw captain, Joshua Palmer lieutenant, and David F. Hill ensign. August lo, 1833, Joshua Palmer captain, and Isaiah Avery lieutenant, David F. Hill still remaining ensign of the company. July 25, 1835, Isaiah Avery captain, David F. Hill lieutenant, and Samuel Heard, Jr., ensign. May 13, 1837, D. F. Hill having been honorably discharged, Samuel Heard, Jr., was elected lieutenant, and Samuel Osgood, Jr., ensign. Feb- ruary 23, 1839, Osgood having been discharged, Joshua D. Gammon was elected ensign. On the same day a draft was made in the company, by order of Colonel Charles W. Piper, for "minute men," "to be in readiness any moment called for," to enter upon service in the "Aroostook War;" whereupon the following names were drawn, to wit: Robert Gray, Samuel Roak, David Dins- more, Luther C. Bachelder, and Samuel K. Holt, drafted as privates; William P. Palmer for sergeant, and Charles Berry for fifer. [See Piper's order.] On the 26th Feb- ruary, 1839, four more privates were drafted from the company, viz: Nathaniel H. Shaw, Daniel W. Edgerly, John Kimball, and Ansel Shaw. At the same time a draft was also made in the Exeter South Company, and John Townsend, William Grinnell, Hiram Peavey, Jonathan Peavey, (and perhaps some others) were drafted as privates, and William PuUen for sergeant; he and Na- thaniel Barker standing the draft together, and the two drawing lots, it fell to Pullen to serve. A company was now raised called the Exeter Volun- teers, being the first that arrived at what is now Fort Fairfield, on the Aroostook River, where they encamped in the snow, and immediately commenced the construc- tion of the fort, which was named in honor of Governor Fairfield, of Maine. The Exeter men in that company were Lorenzo D. Butters, captain; Reuben Butters, Gus- tavus Colbath, Robert Colbath, Jesse Fairbanks, Mace S. Grinnell, Charles B. Grinnell, and J. Warren Pease, privates; and Nathan D. Walker, of the Exeter Cavalry, and William O. Colbath, as teamsters to transport the soldiers and munitions of war from Bangor to headquar- ters. October 17, 1840, Captain Avery having been promot- ed, Samuel Osgood, Jr., was elected captain of the Exeter North Company, and continued in command as long as the old militia system was in vogue. 882 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. From its earliest municipal record down to the pres- ent the citizens of Exeter have ever manifested a laudable military spirit, and have ever been loyal to the country and ready to rally in defense of the dear old flag. In- deed, many of the first settlers of the town had been soldiers under Washington, and thus brought the "spirit of the Revolution" and of independence with them. Among the old patriots of 1776, were Daniel Barker, John Chamberlain, Charles Crosby, Sr., John McLellan, Elias Milliken, and John Oaks, Sr., who had all been in active service. !Mr. Oaks and his interesting "war stories," which he would often relate, even in religious meetings, are still remembered by many of the old citizens of the town. He was born in Harvard, Massachusetts, February 22, 1757, and died in Exeter June 25, 1842, in his eighty- sixthyear. He enlisted in the "War of 1776," in the summer of 1775, the year before the Declaration of In- dependence, in which he served his country till its close. He was in the memorable battle of Bennington, besides five other general engagements. He, with two others, was selected by General Washington to go from Long Island to Quebec to learn the movements of the enemy. His father had also been out in the French War, and was engaged with General Wolfe on the plains of Abraham. "Being a skilful mechanic, he was employed to make the coffin in which the brave General Wolfe was buried."* At the commencement of the War of 181 2 the little town of Exeter was only a "yearling," having been incor- porated but a single year. But the "spirit of '76" still animated the sons of the sires; and though wanting in pecuniary resources, the infant town, both in its munici- pal and in its military capacity, was ready to turn out its yearhng to Brother Jonathan to lock horns with John Bull, or even to breast the British Lion. Not less than seven of the early settlers enlisted and served in that war, some of whom were stationed at Ma- chias and Eastport, while others were sent West, and were in the battle of Chatauquay Woods, and afterwards stationed at Stewartstown, on the Canada border, where the late General Isaac Hodsdon was in command. The names of those who entered the United States service at that time from Exeter were Elisha Crosby, Charles Crosby, Jr., Pickman Chamberlain, Frank Hatch, Samuel Judkins, Samuel Pease, and Clark Pease. In 1814, when the British fleet ascended the Penob- scot River and took temporary possession of Castine, Hampden, and Bangor, Captain Barker, with his compa- ny, was called out, and ordered to march, post haste, to Hampden, there to join the regiment, in order to prevent the British fleet from capturing the corvette Adams, com- manded by Captain Charles Morris, and then lying at anchor for repairs. But the company, on arriving at the Legro place in Bangor, met Captain Morris and his. crew, who had spiked their guns, and then blown up the Adams, and were on their retreat through the woods to Kennebec. Here Captain Barker received countermand- ing orders from General Blake to proceed no further, but to return to Exeter with his company. On their return *See Hanson's History of Canaan, p. 128^ they were accompanied by Captain Morris and his ship's crew to Exeter, where they remained several days, to " rest and refresh themselves." Of Captain Morris's crew, one was an intelligent sailor named Robbins, who had once been cast away on the coast of Barbary, where he was a long time in captivity, and on his return published a journal of his adventures, which was eagerly read. Rob- bins's Journal was then to be found in most of our social libraries. When Robbins left. Exeter he presented Ira Barker, then a boy, with his musket, which was long kept as an heirloom in the family. The following is a copy of the Muster Roll of the Exeter Company, in 181 7, soon after the close of the war: COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Captain Josiah Barker. Lieutenant Winthrop Chapman. Ensign Ira Shepardson. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeant John Palmer. Sergeant Joshua Atkins. Sergeant Pickman Chamberlain. Sergeant Henry Hill. Musician Clark Pease. Musician Zenas Dexter. Musician Samuel Pease. Musician David Hamilton. RANK AND FILE. Albana Pease, Benjamin Osgood, Bangs Doane, Benjamin Ballard, Benjamin Stinson, Barachias Holt. Bartlett Leathers, Charles Butters, Christopher Hill, Charles Crosby, David Cain, David Boyd, Elisha Atkins, ist, Elisha Atkins, zd, Ebenezer Towle, Jr., Ebenezer Higgins, Francis Hill, Gardner Farmer, Henry Tibbetts, Henry Cain, Issac Glid- den,.Joseph Tibbetts, Joseph Robinson, Jonas Warner, John M. Hill, John H. Batchelder, John Shaw, James Brown, Lot R. Brown, Mc- Kenzie Pease, Mace S. Grinnell, Nathaniel Barker, Nathaniel Batchel- der, Nathaniel H. Batchelder, Nathaniel Atkins, Sylvanus Cole, Samuel Shaw, Samuel Eastman, Samuel Brown, Simeon Butters, StejAen Holt, Timothy Miller, William Palmer. [Five others belonged to Trafton's Calvary.] STATISTICS, ETC The population of Blasdell Plantation in 18 10 was 140. In 1820 Exeter town had 583, 1,438 in 1830, 2,052 in 1840, 1,853 in 1850, 1,783 in i860, 1,424 in 1870, and 1,274 in 1880. It had 55 polls in 181 2, log in 1820, 375 in i860, 348 in 1870, and 355 in 1880. The valuation of estates for these years, respectively, was $1,400.12, $27,390, $303,839, $377,007, and $426,- 151. The town has steadily grown wealthier, if it has fallen oflf somewhat in population. By the Maine Register for 1881, the town contained eighteen manufacturers, besides the Exeter Cheese Fac- tory, five merchants, three clergymen, and two physicians. Its associations were the Pacific Lodge of Free Masons, the Holly Lodge of Good Templars, and the Exeter Grange No. 86, Patrons of Husbandry. The officers of the town for 1881 were: H. W. Brown, Richard Davis, Charles L. Albee, Selectmen; J. W. Kent, Town Clerk; Hammond Eastman, Treasurer; John W. Pease, Constable and Collector; D. R. Leath- ers, Constable; John W. Butters, Isaac Eaton, Frank Wiggin, School Committee; Nathaniel Barker, Horace V. Messenger, E. J. Ames, L. D. Butters, George S. Shaw, E. A. Chandler, Francis N. Wheeler (quorum), G. S. Hill, F. W. Hill (trial), Justices. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOt COUNTY, MAINE. 883 Mr. M. H. Lufkin is Postmaster at Exeter, J. W. Kent at South Exeter, L. D. Butters at East Exeter, and C. A. Fawsette at Exeter Mills. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. . Surgeon J. B. Wilson. — Dr. John B. Wilson, of Exeter, was mustered into the United States service December 21, 1 861, as Captain of Company H, Fifteenth Regiment Infantry, from which he was discharged for promotion as Surgeon, Second Engineers, October 20th, 1863, after having served as Provost Marshal and A. A. Inspector General, District of West Florida, for the preceding nine months. The title of Second Engineers Corps d'Afrique was afterwards changed to Ninety-sixth United States Colored Infantry. Shortly after joining this corps for duty, Dr. Wilson was detached and served \ successively as Surgeon in charge of Post Hospital, Fort Esperanza, Matagorda Island, Texas; Acting Medical Purveyor, United States forces, in Texas, until its evacua- tion; and Surgeon in charge United States Army General Hospital, Fort Gaines, Dauphine Island, Alabama; which latter position he held until the acceptance - of his resignation and honorable discharge on surgeon's certifi- cate of disability, January 10, 1865, W. L. Quimby, of Exeter, is a son of John Quimby, who moved from New Hampshire in 1813. He is now the oldest living settler in town except one. His wife's name was Ruby Townsend, by whom he has had eight children, four boys and four girls — Joanna, Royal, Betsey, Ward, David, Samuel, Mary, and Laura, all of whom are now living. He is now eighty-eight years old, and Mrs. Quimby is eighty-one. W. L. Quimby is the second son, and lives two miles from South Exeter. He married Lydia Judkins, now deceased, by whom he had three children, two girls and one boy — Hattie M., Jennie K, and Royal. Mr. Quimby owns a good farm of one hundred acres. He has served as one of the Selectmen of the town. The first members of the Tibbetts family to settle in the town of Exeter were Joseph and Henry, twin brothys, who came from Corinth and settled in the southern part of the town, now known as East Exeter. Joseph had eight children who arrived at maturity — Albert and Eliza (twins), Nancy, David, Abner, Lousana, Joseph, and Lovisa. Henry had eleven children, six boys and five girls — Mary, Allen, Eunice, Julia Ann, Henry, Osborn, Friend, Daniel, Ann Maria, Frances E., and Leander. Elisha C. Tibbetts, now living in East Exeter, is the son of Abner, above named; he settled here in 1829, on the place he now owns. He married Christana Ulmer, and has seven children now living, five boys and two girls — Marcia, Melvan, Charles, Mary, Corydon, Clarence, and Dayton. These are all married and settled in life, except Clarence and Dayton, who are living at home. From the rugged soil covered with trees and stone. Mr. Tibbetts has made a fine farm. Three of his sons are settled near him. John Q. Adams, of East Exeter, is a son of J. C. Adams, of Bowdoinham. His father, James Adams, came from Massachusetts in an early day. J. C. Adams had seven boys and two girls — John Q., Sarah S. (de- ceased), James M., Samuel F., Joseph C, WilUam W., Elizabeth, George L., and Albert F. John Q. Adams was born March 8, 1849, After receiving a common school education he went West and spent seven years in the lumber and hotel business. After coming back he went into mercantile business in connection with that of apothecary. He continued at this five years, when he came to East Exeter in 1880, where he is now engaged in general merchandise and drug business. He has held the office of Town Clerk and Justice of the Peace. In 1874 he married Etta L. Tibbetts, of Corinna. They have three children — John L., Mattie L., and Frank H. E. F. Butters is a son of Flavel Butters, who was born in this town, and married Sarah Shaw, by whom he had eight children — Alraeda J., William M., Frank W., Hat- tie J., E. F., Eddie E., Lizzie C, and Arthur L. E. F. Butters is the third son. He was born July 22, 1859. After receiving a common school education he engaged in teaching school winters, and in the mill business at East Exeter during the rest of the year. S. J. French, of Exeter, is a son of Eben P. French, who came from Durham about 181 7 and located in South Exeter, near where S. J. now lives. He married Hannah Cook, by whom he had five girls and two boys, five of whom are now living, viz: S. J.; Emily E., now Mrs. Knowles; Viola; Edwin L., now living on the home place ; and Mary Ellen, now Mrs. Coan. S. J. French was born in 1827, and married Clara B. Erskine, by whom he had three children, only one of whom, Freder- ick C, is now living. Mrs. French died in 1871, and Mr. French married Laura E. Rich, daughter of Deacon Joseph Rich, by whom he has one child, Lester S., now five years old. He has a fine farm of eighty acres, with good buildings, besides his saw-mill, which he bought and rebuilt in 1859. There are two saws — one a circular board saw and the other a snap-dragon saw. He saws boards, pickets, staves, etc. He runs this mill about three months each year. The father of John Davis was born in the town of Norridgewock, Maine, October 5, 1809. When about fifteen years of age he went to Oldtown, and after twenty years removed to Etna, where he now lives. His wife was EHzabeth Robinson, born at Vassalboro in 1813. To them were born nine children — Benjamin F., Samuel A., Julia, Henry P., George E., Isadore, John, Mary A., and Emma E. John Davis was born April 27, 185 1. He married Clara Bradford, daughter of Peleg and Emily (Waugh) Bradford, October 22, 1876, and has one child. He is at present mail contractor from Exeter to Bangor. William M. White was born in Hartland, Maine, in 1821. His father was a native of Pembrook, New Hamp- shire, and his mother of Hartland. Both are deceased. William M. was the first born; the other children were Jane, deceased; Mary Jane, deceased; and Lydia. Wil- liam M. White married Keziah Huff, in 1849, and had a family of eight children : George died aged seven; Charles died aged twelve ; Flavilla died in her twenty-sixth year; James married Nellie A. Towle^ and has one child; Frank died at the age of ten months; Willard O. mar- 884 HISTORY OF f ENOBSCOt COUNTY, MAINE. ried Annie Davis and lives in Exeter; Hattie May, and Melvin reside at home. Nathaniel Barker was born in the town of Exeter, No- vember 27, 1814, and has passed his life thus far on the farm on which he was born. He served as Sheriff of the county for twenty-five years. His wife was Miss Elvira Grinnell, daughter of Mace and Rachel (Butters) Grinnell, to whom he was married April 22, 1840. She was born May 17, 1820. To them have been born six children ; Mary E. resides at home; Charles F. died aged twenty years ; Fred married Viola Shaw and has three children — Roy, Helen and Alice; Frank C. married Mary Fernald and has two children — Bernice and John; Celia N. married Francis Furguson, and died in Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 23, 1881, aged thirty; Alice B. resides at home. Stephen Chase was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1 789. When twenty-one years of age he moved to Con- cord, New Hampshire, and in 1832 removed to Conway in the same State, where he died in 185 1. His wife, Esther Eastman, was born in Concord in 1788, and was married in 181 1. They had a family of six children: James, Jacob E., Jonathan E., Chandler E., Samuel W. L., and Abby E. Doctor Samuel W. L. Chase was born in Concord, New Hampshire, January 21, i82r. He was first married to Susan Buswell, who died in 1852. For a second wife he married Rosanna Treat, who died m 1866. A third time he was married, to Martha A. Treat, who died in 1869. Again he married, Augusta A. Pease, who died in 1877. He was married to his present wife, Ella Gordon, daughter of Amos G., and Mary (Silver) Gordon, December 2, 1879. Dr. Chase has two children: Emma L., who married Walter S. Washburn and has one child, Arthur, who resides at home. Dr. Chase resides at Exeter Mills, where he is engaged in the practice of his profession. Nelson Wheeler was born in Corinth in 1809. In 1844 he removed to Exeter, where he now resides. He has been engaged in merchandising, and has served as Post- master and Justice of the Peace. His wife was Abigail B. Hill, born in Exeter in 1816, where she died at the age of fifty-two. Their children were: Abby E., Francis N., Roscoe L., and Rossie Lena. Abby married Thomas H. Wentworth, and has two children; Roscoe died aged six years; Rossie Lena married Dr. O. W. Stone, of Camden. Francis N. Wheeler was born in Corinth, March II, 1844, and for the past ten years has been a physician and surgeon. September 5, 1873, he married Sarah E. Peirce, who was born December i, 1841. Mrs. Wheeler is a daughter of Samuel and Harriet Mary (De Laittre) Peirce. LEE. DESCRIPTIVE. The town of Lee is not quite thirty -three miles from Bangor, but three and a half miles from the Penobscot River at its nearest point along the northeast Hne of Lin- coln, and a little less from the European & North American Railroad. It is on the stage-route from Lin- coln Station, on that road, through the heart of the town to Topsfield in Washington county. It is in among towns and plantations that are still rather sparsely settled, but has itself a quite respectable population, in 1870 number- ing almost one thousand. It is a regular six-mile-square township, containing about thirty-six square miles, or 23,040 acres. On the north it is bounded by Winn, on the east by Springiield, on the south by Township No. 3, in the First Range, and on the west by Lincoln. Web- ster Plantation corners with it at the northeast, Lakeville Plantation at the southeast, and Burlington at the southwest. For the northwest corner the dividing line between Winn and Lincoln runs off to the Pe- nobscot. The principal water' of Lee is the Mattakeunk Pond, a fine sheet west of Lee post-office, lying somewhat in the shape of a isosceles triangle, with its base at the westward one and one-fifth miles long, and its perpendic- ular from the middle of this shore to the outlet about the same length. It has an area of one and one-half square miles. At the northwest angle a winding tribu- tary of about two miles length flows in from the border of Lincoln. From the interior of that town comes a larger stream, but with a shorter flow in this town, which enters the pond about one-third of the way down its west shore. The waters of Mattakeunk make their way through a pretty broad outlet into and through Lee vil- lage, where they form the Mattakeunk Stream, known beyond East Winn post-office as the West Branch, which, after union with the East Branch, becomes again the Mattakeunk Stream, and flows into the Mattawamkeag River near the north line of Winn. The banks of this stream, for a mile, more or less, in width on each side for about four miles of its course in this town, are almost the only parts of Lee that are uninhabited. In the southeast angle of the town is the Ware Pond, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 88s a narrow sheet about a mile long, closely parallel with another of equal width, but somewhat east of it, the two forming the headwaters of the Passadumkeag Stream, no other part of which flows in this town. Two little bays at the united head of these lakes receives a tributary, the easternmost an affluent in two branches, coming in from Springfield, and uniting a little way inside the Lee line ; the other rises in a pretty large pond a mile to the north- west, and receives a tiny affluent about half-way to Ware Pond. The former pond has itself a very small affluent in two branches from the north. A petty lake a mile below Lee village sends a tributary thither to the outlet of Mattakeunk Pond, on its way receiving a mile-long tributary from another and very small pond east of its own source. Two smallish ponds in the north part of Township No. 3 send their upper edges just inside the south boundary of Lee. Between them flows into ' No. 3 a small stream rising very near the little pond south of the post-office. Another, flowing about a mile in Lee, passes into No. 3 about midway between the head of the Passa- dumkeag and the nearest lake on the town line. Within a mile northeast of Lee village the Mattakeunk has two petty tributaries from the northwest, and one from the south. A mile and a half further, and quite near each other, two more come in from the east. Half a mile from the north line of the town a larger stream from the westward, with an affluent passing near School No. 8, enters the Mattakeunk. West of the heads of this tributary are the sources of another stream which flows about two miles north into Winn, which it crosses to a junction with the Penobscot. The stage road from Lincoln post-office through Lee into Springfield is the most thickly settled up of any part of the town, except the road from Lee post-office south- east and south of Mattakeunk Pond, which is very (densely settled east and west from School No. 5. This road makes an angle at the town line, about two-thirds of a mile from the southwest corner, and runs northwest and north to a junction with the stage road. Southeast of the pond, a mile from the village, a road branches off southeast and east, past School No. 8, to a north and south road running from near the south line of the town to the stage road a mile east of Lee post-office, and across it about a mile and a quarter further to the Town Farm, one-third of a mile north of School No. 2. Nearly one-half mile west of this school a road runs south of east into Springfield, putting forth a mile away a branch toward Ware Pond, which also presently runs into Springfield. The stage road is again crossed, two miles northwest of Lee village, by a north and south road starting near the northwest corner of the town, meeting, a mile below, the road from East Winn village, near School No. 7, and thence running across the stage road to the neighborhood of Mattakeunk Pond, where it turns south- west, and ends near the town line a mile west of the pond. A north and south road also connects East Winn with Lee post-office. It is connected with the stage road by a two-mile highway on the west, making a right-angle about half-way, and reaching the main road a mile north- west of the village. On the other side of the Mauakcunk Stream a third road crosses the northeast angle of Lee for about one and one-fourth miles. " From the stage road at the east town line another wagon-way starts northward, and keeps the town line about two and one- half miles to a junction with the East Winn road. On this line road, a mile above the stage route, a new post- office has been established of late years, and called North Lee. At Lee village is the old post-office of the town, a Baptist and one other church, a public school-house, the building of the Lee Normal Academy, two cemeteries, a trotting park around the little Beaver Pond, with the Beaver Pond Stream flowing partly across it into the Pond, and a considerable number of mills, stores, and shops. It is a flourishing and very hopeful place. HISTORICAL SKETCH.* At the time of this writing, when the sad history of our second martyred President, James A. Garfield, has 1 drawn the attention and sympathy of the civilized world, some slight attention has been called to Williams Col- lege, in Massachusetts, where he gave that study and re- ceived that disciplined mind fitting hira for his heroic life work, so rudely cut short. In aid of that institution the State of Massachusetts granted (February 19, 1805) Township No. 4, Second Range north of Bingham's Purchase and east of the Penobscot River, afterwards Lee, the subject of this historical sketch. The deed was not recorded until February r5, 1820. This grant was sold to different parties, — a majority to Nathaniel Ingersoll, of New Gloucester, Cumberland county, Maine, for which the college received, as appears by records in Massachusetts, the sum of $4,500. The grant to the college was with the condition that thirty settlers were to be put on within three years, prob- ably extended, as Ingersoll did not complete by himself, or to those he sold to, the settling duties before 1828, or as appears by the college conveying the township to John Webber on May 11, 1835. Webber lotted out the town in 1820, and seemed to have paid a debt of Ingersoll and other grantees to the college, or a trastee for them. In 1822 Ingersoll began to perform these settling du- ties, and to that end he employed a man in Lowell co commence a clearing in Lee. This man, arriving at a point sloping Lee-ward and in good soil, thought he had reached the point intended and felled ten acres — the amount required. He then reported the same to Inger- soll, or agent, who was about to pay him, when, it being uncertain that the clearing was made in Lee, a man by the name of Harrison Strong was sent to investigate, who reported the land situated in Lincoln half-township. In 1823 a clearing of ten acres was made on what is now the Harrison G. Rich place, in the southwest part of the town; and in 1824 Jeremiah Fifield and wife, of Howland; Thomas Lindsay, of Lowell; and Enoch Stone went to Lee and cleared up and planted the cut- ting made the year before. Mrs. Lucy Fifield, wife of Jeremiah Fifield, afterwards * By B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. 886 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNtY, MAINE. received one hundred acres of land as a reward for being the first woman to penetrate the wilderness of Lee. Their son Abram still resides in Lee, and Jeremiah lives in Winn, while a daughter married Joseph Deer and lives in Winn. March 13, 1825, Jeremiah Fifield, with his family, located on the ridge on a farm now occupied by Solomon and George Crocker. This ridge lies on a cross-road lying between the Winn and Lee and the Lee and Lincoln roads. In March, 1826, John Tucker, of Dexter, Maine, came to Lee and located west of the Ames lot, now connected with the Nehemiah Kneeland place. In June, Samuel Parker, of Lowell, located on the Kneeland place; and about the same time Isaac Hobbs, of Rowland, located on what is now the Ames lot. In 1827 the first white child born in the town saw light — Mary Lucy, daughter of John Tucker. She is now the wife of John Varney, and resides in Lee. A year previous to this, Thomas Lindsay, one of the 1824 pioneers, was married to Lucy, daughter of Jere- miah Fifield. This ;yas the first marriage in Lee. Judith, a daughter of Samuel Parker, was the first child to die in Lee; while the first death of an adult was that of a Mr. Robinson, of Sidney. Mr. Fifield built a log-house, warm and home-like, as they often are, and here the first school in Lee was taught by his daughter Lucy. Among the first male teachers were John Towle, son of Joseph Towle, of Bangor; Benjamin Arnold, and John Jackson. The Tuckers, Parkers, and Stones still reside in Lee and vicinity. At this early day there were two outlets to civilization, but when they were made could not be ascertained. The United States Government cut a road through the woods from below Lincoln mill. It ran through Lee and Springfield, direct to Houlton, and was used for the transportation of troops and rafters, and for getting sup- plies to the troops at Houlton. This road was followed by the county road, now known as the Lee and Lincoln road, and west of Lincoln as the Lee and Springfield road. In the deed it is called the St. Johns road. Oaks and Cowan had been largely engaged in lumber- ing in Springfield, and on what is now Webster Planta- tion, east of Winn, and they had a winter road start from where Joseph Snow had located in Winn, in 1820, about a mile from the Lincoln line, and running back, very soon struck the town line between Winn and Lee. Fol- lowing this it very soon struck the line between Spring- field and Webster Plantation, and so on to the Mattagor- dus Stream, where Oaks and Cowan were lumbering in 1826-27. Mattagordus Stream emptied into the Matta- wamkeag less than a mile above the village of Kingman. This Oaks and Cowan road was used for a while by a mail carrier to Houlton. Starting from Snow's with the mail bag over his shoulder, he trudged along this road till he reached the Mattawamkeag, beyond Prentiss. From here he rowed to Haynesville, where he again took up his journey overland to Houlton. Over this road the immigrants came into Lee with their families in the snow. This route can be traced indistinctly now, though the new forest growth has about effaced the old emigrant road. In the meantime, from the time IngersoU had com- menced the clearing on the Rich place in 1823 he had been actively engaged in inducing settlers to locate in Lee, and had negotiated a large number of tracts from two hun- dred and fifty to one thousand acres in extent to different parties, but had not yet performed his settling duties suffi- cient to obtain a deed, and in fact did not until 1828. In 1825 the college sold to Samuel I. Mallett, of Litchfield, Kennebec county, Maine, fifteen hundred acres for which he paid the same price as IngersoU, on condition he should settle upon it. Mallett looked over the situation and concluded to put in some mills on the west branch of the Mattakeunk Stream, which crosses the Lee and Springfield road at the village of Lee. This stream has its rise in the pond about a mile square, just back of the village, near where the first clearing in Lee was made. This sale was made June 5, 1827, Mallett giving a mort- gage to the college for the payment, which, however, he failed to pay, though he performed his settling duties as agreed. The same year Mallett and James D. Merrill, of Litchfield, who had purchased from Roger Merrill a claim for two hundred and fifty acres, joined their means and built a saw -mill in 1827 and a grist-mill in 1828, on the Mattakeunk Stream, a few rods west of the crossing of the Winn and Lincoln roads at the centre of the vil- lage. A saw- and grist-mill still stands on the stream at the village, not on the location of the first one, however. During the years 1826-27-28, a large number of set- tlers came into town, especially in 1827, so that by the following year IngersoU had with Mallett completed his settling duties, and obtained his deed of the township ; from the State of Massachusetts. In 1826-27 came thirty settlers, of whom now are left only Godfrey Jackson, who came from Sidney, Kennebec county, and who was eighty-five years of age, June 22, 1881, a near neighbor of Alpheus Hale, who differs from him in age only a few months. Mallett's settlers were: Samuel Mallett, James D. Mer- rill, David Maxwell, Caleb Wilbor, Godfrey Jackson, Hiram Staples, and William Randall. Ingersoll's settlers were : Bradley Blake, John Jackson, Enoch Stone, Thomas Lindsay, Jeremiah Fifield, Samuel Parker, John Tucker, Joel Barnard, Captain Benjamin Arnold, Alpheus Hale, Samuel Moulton, Joseph Hans- corn, Joseph Smith, John Carpenter, Jabez Norton, Ben- jamin Whitten, and Moses Thule. Among the other early settlers were : Alvah Tibbets, Joseph and Aaron Rollins, Winslow and Jeremiah Sta- ples, John Lunt, John Moss, Alvord Cushman, George Trask, David Henry, Peleg Jones, Albert Getchell, Wil- liam Doylers, Captain J. W. Hall, John Snyder, John Mallett, David Dyer, John B. Lidden, Benjamin Jackson, Alexander Potter, David Bailey, Stephen Lee, Elisha Brown, and John Gott. In 1829 Benjamin Whitten came from Litchfield, and located about a mile and a half from the village on the road to Lincoln, a near neighbor to Jackson and Hall. He was afterwaids a contractor to get out the timber fpr the Mattawamkeag bridge, near a brook running into the Mattawamkeag, now called Whitten Brook. His widow, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 887 now eighty-four years of age, is still living with her son Chester, in Lee, in the enjoyment of a happy old age. Chester, her son, is now Town Clerk and Director of Lee Normal Academy. One of the most active business men of Lee was Arthur Prentiss, who came from Oxford to Paris, and was a trader in Lee, and blacksmith. He also built the Elm House building, and kept the first hotel in Lee. He was a cousin of the late Henry Prentiss, of Bangor, also the first trader in Lee, with his brother Addison. Godfrey Jackson, above named, was one of those who were Mallett's settlers. He came from Sidney in 1827, and being a skillful carpenter, framed the Mallett mills. He made a location near the mills, what is now the Tuck place; he afterwards, through sickness in his family, had his attention called to mgdicine, and took up the study and soon completed a course at a medical college, from which he returned to Lee, and became the first settled physician. As an instance • of the old man's former strength and vigor, it may be related that in his lifetime in Lee he caught twenty-two bears and one wolf Somewhere during the next decade, two important lawsuits occurred, which greatly interested the settlers in Lee, and lasted for twelve years in the State and United States Courts. Nathaniel Ingersoll, the purchaser of the College grant, conveyed his titles in Lee to Joseph E. Foxcroft, a resident of New Gloucester, who had been a member of the Massachusetts Legislature, and thought to have been a member of the Legislature which gave the Lee grant. When Maine became a State Mr. Foxcroft became a member of the Maine Legislature. He soon brought suit for the Mallett mortgage, which then re- mained unpaid; and obtained judgment before Judge Shepley for his claim against Mallett and against the settlers on Mallett's land. Previous to these suits Ingersoll had by many expedi- ents endeavored to obtain from the settlers pay for his land sold them, or for the land on which they had made improvements, but they in many instances declared that they had paid enough. They felt harassed by Inger- soll and his agents, and in more than one instance gave evidence of those sentiments by acts hardly to be misunderstood, and yet not un mingled with the ludicrous. On one occasion Ingersoll had gone to Lee with a deputy sheriff, Sanders, from Passadumkeag, and had taken a lot of goods which one William Doble was haul- ing out to Lincoln for him, when crack went a rifle from the woods near by, and the officer's horse fell under him. The driver unhitched his team, and cleared for Lincoln over the hill top near by, with Ingersoll and the officer, leaving the goods and the vehicle in the woods. Soon after one William Randall, living in Lee, who was some- thing of a resident agent, went out to Lmcoln to get some word from Ingersoll about his affairs in Lee, as he (Ingersoll) rather feared to come back to Lee, and Ran- dall, as he got along to the horse, was trying with the aid of his knife to get the shoes and nails off the dead horse. While intent on this, a bullet struck the frog of the horse's foot, and Randall incontinently fled, not even taking his knife, which he afterwards sought for in com- pany with a friend. For years after that horse's feet were to be seen on the roadside fence near by as a reminder of the troublous times in Lee that tried men's souls and horses' feet. On another occasion, while the tenantry were itching to give Mr. Ingersoll a personal castigation, the wife of John Tucker, a big, brawny, muscular woman, of whom there are innumerable anecdotes told, volunteered to perform a " birch withing," for which she was to receive a new gown or other article. . So, hearing he was in town, she got her birches and placed them behind the door, and when he called she very cordially invited him in and then gave him an unmerciful withing. Ere the morning sun illumined their household she had her gown, but Ingersoll took her back to the Police Court at Bangor, where she was fined one cent and costs, which were paid by her neighbors in Lee, while she worked in a hotel to pay her way at Bangor and return. As appears by a suit of Joseph E. Foxcroft vs. David E. Barnes, to recover the westerly half of Lot 12, Fifth Range in Lee, the Trustees of the college conveyed the township, May 11, 1835, to John Webber, and Nathaniel Ingersoll had conveyed all his interest in the township to John Webber on July 19, 1835, and John Webber, on June 19, 1835, conveyed one-half the lands which he had purchased of Nathaniel Ingersoll and of the Trustees of Williams College, to Joseph E. Foxcroft, of New Gloucester. An abstract furnished by A. W. Paine, Esq., of Ban- gor, one of the counsel for the Mallett land and tenants, in the several lawsuits which involved nearly all the set- tlers' claims in town, may afford a clearer idea of the situation and the principles involved : The township of Lee was originally granted by the Legislature of Massachusetts to Williams College, and by the College sold in individ- ual parcels to various individuals, as occasion offered , but mostly to parties in Cumberland county. The town was incorporated in 1832. Soon after its incorporation, in 1834, a series of lawsuits was com- menced, which lasted for about a dozen years. The litigation pertained mainly to the two lots No. 11, in the Fourth and Fifth Ranges, though several other lots were involved. They were the lots on which the mill privileges were located, and then owned and occupied by Samuel T. Mallett and his sons. The village was built mostly on these lots. The point in dispute was in many respects simple, though calling out a great amount of legal learning, both on the part of counsel and courts. The original grant was made subject to the condition that the grantee should within three years place on the township thirty settlers. Mallett, having become interested in the town and settled there, had bought and paid for 1,500 acres, with the purpose of performing one- fourth the conditions of getting settlers, the acres known being in com- mon. He afterward took a deed of 6,000 acres, made in common, and mortgaged the same back to the College, describing the land as ' ' The same this day conveyed to me and subject to the settlers' lots as land drawn on plan." A proprietors' meeting was then held to make partition of the lands among the owners, at which meeting fifteen lots were assigned to set- tlers of the fifteen hundred acres, the Lots II, in Fourth and Fifth Ranges, being a part, but the lots were not marked as such on the plan referred to in the deed, Mallett having thus seventy-five hundred acres in all, six thousand of which were subject to the mortgage. The mortgage was produced, and the holder then filed a petition tor partition in the State Court, which was resisted on the ground that the mortgage did not cover the settlers' lots. The case was severely contested, but the court overruled the objections and granted the petition, and then affirmed the partition, which assigned the lots in question to the petitioner. Other suits were brought, all of which met with a hke fate, the court being fixed in the purpose of dooming all the settlers' lots owned at the time of the mortgage, as forming a part of the land included therein. 888 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. In 1842 Mallett, having fought the State Court for some eight years without success, by advice of counsel, assigned all his interests to his son David, who moved to New Hampshire and brought his suit of right for the two lots in question in the Circuit Court of the United States, where it was tried before Judge Story with success to his side. From his decision the case went up to the Supreme Court of the United States, which in January, 1846, affirmed the judgment of the Court be- low and gave Mr. Mallett his land free from all adverse claim ; thus overruling the whole series of decisions in the State Court, and estab- hshing his title as good and vahd. W. P. Fessenden and A. W. Paine were counsel for Mallett in United States Court, and. Judge Preble, Fessenden, and Deblois, for Foxcroft. In the State Court F. Allen and T. P. Chandler appeared for Mallett, and Abbott & Rogers for the College. On February 2, 1832, Township No. 4, in the Second Range of townships east of the Penobscot River and north of Bingham's Purchase, was incorporated into a town by name of Lee. The act of incorporation is on the records of Lee attested by John A. Hyde, Town Clerk. Wherein Lee obtained its name thus runneth thelegend: Had it been called for its most prominent name of river or stream it would have been doubtless called Matta- keunk, but bears better a short English name. It is said that Stephen Lee, a worthy citizen of the borough, suggested, as soine say, his name, while others say the modest gentleman suggested the name of our patriot Revolutionary General Lee, and to insure the success of his patriotic suggestion offered to treat with a barrel of rum, which in those days was not so dear in price as at present, and doubtless was sacrificed, though my inform- ant maketh not certain that part of the story, but rather inclineth to that fact. The first town nneeiing was held April ii, 1832, at James Merrill's barn for the election of officers. Abiel Cushman was elected Clerk; Winslow Staples, Joseph W. Hall and Caleb Wilbor, Selectmen, Assessors, and Over- seers of the Poor; Samuel Marlton, Treasurer; and Albert S. Getchell, Constable. Other town officers were chosen the 25th of the same month, and the following moneys raised : $1,000 for highways, $150 for schools and $75 to defray town charges. In 1832 Lee had sixty-one voters. The Jown has always made good provision for schools, suitable amounts being voted year by year for their sup- port. March 14, 1845, the State Legislature passed an act incorporating Lee Normal Academy. The incorporators were Joseph Mallett, Shephard Bean, William Douglass, John Gott, James Merrill, Liberty W. Bacon, Arthur Prentiss, Levi Moukon, and Abiel Cushman. At their first meeting. May 3, 1845, William Douglass was chosen President of the Board of Managers, Shephard Bean Secretary, James iMerrill Vice-President, and Joseph Mallett Treasurer. Trtistees were added, and commit- tees appointed for the selecting of building site and ma- terial; and a resolution adopted looking to the opening of a school the September following. In 1847 a seal was adopted, representing a school-room with students seated and the preceptor at his desk with a book in his hands in the attitude of communicating instruction, with the name Lee Normal Academy on its margm. Previ- ous to the erection of the Academy, the people of Lee got together one July 4th and put up the frame of a high school-house near the Elm House, but did nothing more about it. The Principals of the academy, in order of service, have been : Joseph M. True, William S. Green, Mr. Blackwell, Daniel Crosby, Elliot Walker, Jabez H, Woodman, S. W. Matthews, Joseph M. True again, A. N. Willey, G. A. Stewart, George W. Hall, J. H. Sawyer, G. A. Stewart again, Marion Douglass, and Leander H. Moulton, who is now serving the institution. Among the students at the school, who subseqently became more or less prominent, are the following: C. A. Cushman, attorney ; J. E. Estes, attorney ; L. A. Stanwood, attorney ; P. A. Getchell, Judge of Probate, Bangor; Horace Hanson, M. D.; J. L. Budge, M. D.; Isaiah Alden, M. D.; Fred Sijiith, editor; Madison J. Bowler, editor ; Joseph Bowler, Roswell Leavitt, Cyrus A. Hanson, Benjamin Averill, Representatives in State Legislature ; Hiram Stephens, County Commissioner ; G. S. Bean, Warden State Prison. Chester H. Whittier is Director of the Academy. The number of scholars in the town in i88r was 355. The Springfield line road was accepted in 1845. An agent was voted for to sell liquors. Three hundred dollars was appropriated to build an upper story to the town hall ; it was also voted to admit all religious denominations, without distinction, to the hall. The churches seemed not to have been in accord as to the use of the hall, so that, in 1846, by a vote, one-fourth of the time the use of the hall was given to the Calvin- istic Baptists, the Methodists and Congregationalists, the Universalists, the Free-will Baptists. In 1849 the sum of $400 was voted for the support of schools. Again in 1851 the town voted $400 for schools. The most revolting murders in the annals of crime were committed April 7, 1859. Marshall Potter mur- dered his mother, his brothers Oliver and Alexander, and a nephew, Albert, a cripple. He then burned the house, but the mutilated bodies of his victims were proof against him, though in the excitement of the moment he was allowed to escape. He was shortly afterwards ar- rested in St. Stephens, New Brunswick, whither he had fled, and under a life sentence in the State prison is said to have died some five or six years since. Lee has ever been a strongly Democratic town, yet, during the war, a bounty of $200 was offered for volun- teers to fill the quota of the town. MILITARY HISTORY OF LEE. Lee, perhaps, cannot be called a leading military town, though many of its citizens have shouldered the musket and gone forth to fight the battles of our country. Among the early settlers we find Nicholas Coffin, a Revolutionary soldier, besides a large number who served in the War of 181 2, but they are all now dead, and a list of their names cannot be readily obtained. The town was largely represented in the Aroostook war by men who volunteered at the first sound of alarm. In the Mexican HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 889 war three men went from this town — Timothy H. Tucker, Daniel Hobbs, and Henry Welch. Hobbs and Welch died in service. Tucker was wounded, but returned and served again in the last war. Charles P. Tidd, whose father then resided in Lee, was with John Brown at his raid on Harper's Ferry. Tidd escaped, enlisted in a Massachusetts regiment at the outbreak of the Rebellion, and died in service. When the forces of slavery and secession waged war against our Union, the people of Lee did not heartily support the Government, but in many ways discouraged enlistment. A single incident will show the spirit of many of her people at that time. In 1862, at a meeting of the militia of the town for the election of company officers, a recruiting sergeant, who was enlisting men for a com- pany then forming at Lincoln, announced his business and asked for some volunteers from Lee to join his com- pany. Thereupon a prominent citizen arose, and with all thS eloquence he could command portrayed the dangers and privations of a soldier's life, telling his fellow-citizens he hoped they would not be frightened into enlisting, and not to fear a draft, for there was no power this side of Heaven that could draft a man and carry him out of the State. This speech brought down a perfect storm of applause. Another man came to his feet and denounced such disloyal talk and manifestations, and asked those present not to bring dishonor on the memory of their Revolutionary fathers by thus sending words of cheer and comfort to the enemy. He closed, but no cheer or word of approbation greeted him. No attempt was ever made to raise a company for the war in this town, but a goodly number enlisted, as the military roster will show. Every man who went to the war enlisted as a private soldier, and whatever higher rank he attained was gained in the field. The larger part of them enlisted the first part of the war, but later, when each town was required to furnish its quota, a draft was usually resorted to here. During 1864 and 1865 three drafts were made from this town with the following result: Total number drafted, 84; entered service, 12; furnished substitutes, 2; "failed to report, 47. Most of the latter found their way across the lines into New Brunswick ; a part of whom formed a settlement there known as "Skedaddler's Ridge." A list of the soldiers who went from Lee is given in the military history of Penobscot county in another part of this volume. No better soldiers entered the service than those who went from Lee. Wherever they went they made an honorable record; and their share in the hardships of war^the march, the battle field, the lingering pain and death in Northern hospitals, the agony endured in the Sts.rvation prison pens of the South— was all cheerfully and patiently borne, and their patriotism and valor are worthy to be placed side by side with the long line of patriots who have defended our liberties from the days of Washington to the present time. A few incidents connected with the war may be of interest. When' the first call for troops was made in the sprmg of i86r, Horace F. Hanson heard the news while at work on the drive. He immediately stuck his handspike into the bank and started for the war. After many hair- breadth escapes he safely returned, and is now one of the most respected physicians in Bangor. At the battle of the Wilderness, when General Lee was hurling his forces against our lines and pressing them bacTs, Sergeant Joseph W. Burke, of the Sixth Maine Battery, occupied a road running at right angles to our lines through the dense thicket, with two pieces of artil- lery. On came the rebel horde pressing back our infantry, when an order was sent to Sergeant Burke to fall back and save his guns. Turning around he said: "Boys, let's give them a little more canister before we go." The road was soon cleared, then training their guns one to the right and the other to the left, they secured an en- filading fire on the advancing foe. Then the perfect storm of canister from the two pieces, which were handled with almost lightning rapidity, did terrific work, leaving the dead in windrows at every fire. The advance was checked and the position held. He saved his guns but did not fall back. For his gallantry he was promoted to first lieutenant. During the fight on the Boynton road, October 27, 1864, Mott's division of Hancock's corps bcame partially broken up by an impetuous charge of rebel infantry. While General Hancock was re-forming his broken line, Charles J. House, then eighth sergeant in company E, First Maine Heavy Artillery, discovered a move on the part of the rebels to turn our left flank. Without hesi- tation he rallied twenty men of his company, and with them dashed forward one hundred and fifty yards to the front and left, secured an advantageous position and held it against ten times his own force, cutting off the retreat of two hundred rebel soldiers, and frustrating their at- tempt to turn our flank. Reinforcements coming up the two hundred were secured prisoners. With his men he then rushed forward and assisted in recapturing two pieces of artillery which had fallen into the hands of the enemy, then coolly marched his men back to their place in line. He was highly complimented by his command- ing officer, and immediately promoted to first sergeant and recommended for a first lieutenant's commission, which he soon received. INDUSTRIAL HISTORY. The Mattawamkeag affords the only water-power in Lee, with but little fall throughout its whole course, which is in a northwesterly direction. The privilege of the vil- lage was early improved, a saw-mill' and grist-mill being erected in 1827-28 by Merrill & Mallett. In 1840 the grist-mill machinery was removed to a mill about two and a half miles down stream, to which a road was opened. In 1850 the available machinery of this mill was moved back to the village, where it still remains. In 1 841 Calvin Barber, Dexter Merrill, and Levi B. Merrill built a clapboard mill, and in 1843 ^ saw-mill, about one and a half miles below the village; and in 1854 sold to Edward Bowler and Joseph Smith. In 1878 a new saw-mill was built by Charles Merrill, which 890 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. still stands. In 1845 °^ ^^4^ William R. Gifford built a carding-mill, which was run by his son. A small lake called Ware lies in the extreme southeast corner of the town, beginning in Springfield. The Mat- tawkeunk is dammed four times in Lee, and also bridged four times. OTHER MATTERS. There are no very prominent elevations in Lee, though the town is well diversified with hills, and quite an elevation back of the village has been named by the academy scholars Mt. Jefferson. Lee was early made a field of labor for several relig- ious denominations. About 1835 Rev. Samuel Lewis preached occasionally in Lee, and organized a Free-will Baptist church there, starting one in Chester at the same time. In 1838 he was succeeded by Levi Moulton, who was succeeded in turn by John Banks, William Doble, and James Knights. John Welch is the present preacher and has filled the position ten years. In 1858 a church was built near the Academy by this society, with the aid of the Calvinist Baptists and the Methodists, at a cost of $1,500. The Methodists also organized a church in 1835, but have had no regular preaching for several years. The first church in Lee was organized by the Rev. Mr. Dexter, of Dexter, Maine, a Calvinist Baptist, about 1831. The Rev. Walter Marshall, who preached there for sev- eral years, resided in Lee, and in 1839-40 was the Town Clerk. Rev. Alvin Messer also preached in Lee, where he resided for some time. The present pastor is the Rev. Sylvester Berse, of Chester. This church now has twenty- five members. The first resident minister was old Parson Sawyer, Congregationalist, who lived to be more than a century old. He resided in Township No. 4, in 1828, but was succeeded two or three years afterwards. Be- tween 1850 and i86o Charles H. Emerson was pastor, and a church, which cost about $6,000, was built. Al- though this fine edifice is in the centre of the village it is by no means flourishing and at present has no pastor. In 1835 a Universalist church was formed, and the Rev. Amos Richards, E. W. Coffin, and J. C. Knowlton, preached for the members. Rev. Daniel Stickney came to Lee in 1846 and preached for five or six years. In 1850 he was Town Clerk. A church was formed under the direction of Mark Chase, who was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Butterfield, and in 1875 by Rev. James T. Carr, their last pastor, who preached there for two years. He moved to East Winn in the fall of 1881. They have a membership of about forty. The first physicians here were Godfrey Jackson, who yet lives here; then Jesse Howe, from Norway, came in 1835 and remained ten years. He is now dead. In 1838 came Liberty W. Bacon, from Turner, Maine. He held many municipal positions and fifteen years after moved to Illinois. Dr. Bornham came in 1848, and kept the Elm House hotel, and practiced his profession for two years. In 1858 Charles Merrill, of Springfield, resided in Lee and practiced there until his death in r875. Dr. Lorin Bridge was educated in Lee and removed to one of the Western States. In 1876 Dr. J. Henry Lindsay moved to Lee and is still practicing there. Addison Prentiss came from Foxcroft in 1837 and went into trade with his brother Arthur and the practice of law. He practiced law here from that time until 1850. A view of Lee on a page of the town records made while he was Clerk, attests to his artistic tendencies ; while his efforts for the incorporation and aid of Lee Academy attest his public spirit. He is now living in Wor- cester, Massachusetts. Elliot Walker was a student in Prentiss' office, and a teacher m Lee Academy. He never practiced here but moved to Newport and is now Judge of Probate for Penobscot county. Joseph H. Perkins practiced law here but now lives in Bangor. From 1850 to i860 Henry C. Field, who had removed from Lincoln to Lee, practiced law here, and then returned to Lincoln to die. In 1869 Charles A. Cushman, who had been in trade with his father, Abiel Cushman, an early settler, was admitted to the Bar and has practiced here since. In 1828-29 Roswell Adams was the blacksmith here, but he then removed to Lincoln to work for the mill buildings. Moses Thurlow succeeded him. In 1840 Timothy Clifford and James Simmons, in 1845 Thaddeus Foss, of Vassalboro, and in 1850 Mr. Dean were the blacksmiths here. In 1847 James T. Bridge suci ceeded Clifford up to 1863, and again, after failing in trade, went to blacksmithing some three or four years ago and still is so engaged. In 1867 Albert Pickering com- menced blacksmithing, and is still thus in business. The Postmasters at Lee village have been about as fol- lows: Samuel T. Mallett, James H. Bowler, Joseph Mal- lett, Isaac Hacker, Abner H. Gerrish, Albert S. Getchell, Gustavus S. Bean, George H. Haskell, Charles J. House, Charles A. Cushman, George H. Haskell, the present Postmaster; at North Lee, Albert K. Lewis, Willie Estes, David Estes, and' Edwin A. Reed, the present in- cumbent. In 1833 Isaac Hacker came from Palermo, Maine, and commenced trade on the Springfield side of the Stream, having James H. Bowler, now of Bangor, as clerk afterwards. Bowler was with Hacker till after 1840, when Bowler went to Lincoln in May, having first built the present Burke store and Charles Mallett's house close by, and Hacker took as partner Abner H. Ger- rish to about 184s, when Hacker moved to Fort Fair- field, and some two or three years ago was killed on the railroad in New Brunswick, and Gerrish took in Charles Mallett; then Gerrish took in as partner Gustavus S. Bean, son of Shepherd Bean, long a Deputy Sheriff at Bangor and now Warden of the Maine State prison. Gerrish died in 1848, and as soon as his affairs were closed up Bean took in George H. Haskell. The pio- neer tradesman here was Arthur Prentiss, whose store was in what is now called the Mill House, where Elder John Welch lives. He got his goods by boat- ing them to the falls and then hauling them to Lee. In 1833 Isaac Hacker came from Palermo, Maine, and commenced trade on the Springfield side of the stream. Bean removed to Bangor, and sold out to Joseph W. Burke in 1867. They failed in 1877. Joseph W. Burke HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 891 continued trade in the same place, and Haskell com- menced trade in the Clifford-Bridge store. He is now there and is also postmaster. In 1858 George Clifford built a store and was succeeded in 1863 by James I. Bridge. In 1840 Abiel Cushman built the present grange store, and in 1850 the firm became A. Cushman & Son. In 1865 Oi-en Coffin traded in it, and since 1870 the Forest Grange No. 125, have occupied it. In 1850 J. H. Perkins built the George B. Wetherbee store and traded there until i860. It was occupied by C. J. House & Bros, after the war until Wetherbee started a hardware store there. In 1870 C. J. House and Albert P. Mallett built a store towards Lee from the cross roads, and traded there until 1873 and failed. Since 1875 H. Coffin has been in business there. Edward Bowler built a store at Bowler's Corner some two miles from Lee. He traded there for ten years. For the latter part of the time Joseph Smith was his partner, at one time ran the lower mill on the Mattakeunk. Albert K. Lewis for a couple of years had a store at North Lee, adjoining Springfield, where he was also Postmaster. Some slight trade has been carried on by members of Elisha Bradley's family on the Springfield road, where a tannery has since been built, and burnt down by lightning. About 1840 George Haskell kept a hotel in what is called the Buffalo House, on the Springfield road. Arthur Prentiss built the Elm House and kept hotel in it until about 1845, and then leased it to Dr. Bornham, who kept it until about 185 1 when it was sold to Joseph M. True, the preceptor of the Academy, in whose family it has been ever since. About 1847 the Academy board- ing house was kept as a hotel by Hosea Ricker, in i860, by Joseph Crandalmire, and in 1870 by George Blanch- ard, since which time it has been vacant. STATISTICS, ETC. Lee had a population of 724 in 1840, of 917 in 1850, 939 in i860, 960 in 1870, and 894 in 1880. Polls in i860, 231; in 1870, 239; 1880, 220. Valua- tions these several years, $100,353, $i39i343> ^"d $109,- 953- Town officers for 1881; C. A. Hanson, C. H. Whitten, Jaraes G. Ames, Selectmen; C. H. Whitten, Town Clerk; J. W. Burke, Treasurer; J. G. Ricker, Constable and Collector; Parker Davis, School Supervisor; C. A. Cush- man, George H. Haskell, Daniel Towle, J. W. Burke, E. E. True (Quorum), Shepard Bean, Nathan Averill (Trial), Justices. Mr. G. H. Haskell is Postmaster at Lee, David Estes at North Lee. There is one resident clergyman, one lawyer, and one physician. SETTLEMENT NOTES. Samuel Rowe, who has lived in Lee about twelve years, is a native of Hebron, Oxford County, Maine. He is a son of Benjamin and Hannah Rowe {nee Hannah Decoster). They had ten children, all of whom grew to maturity except one. Their names were Priscilla (de- ceased), Louisa (deceased), Sarah, Caroline (deceased), Samuel, Betsey, Chloe (deceased), Emily, Jane, and Hubbard. Benjamin Rowe lived to be feighty-four and died about fifteen years since. Samuel Rowe, the oldest son, was born May 6, 181 1, and spent his boyhood on the farm. On becoming of age he bought a farm in Sumner, Oxford county, where he lived four years. In 1837 he moved to Springfield, Maine, and lived eleven years, after which he went to No. 7 Washington county, and lived about twenty years. In 1869 he came here to Lee and settled where he now lives, about two miles from the village. He married Deborah A. Merrilh daughter of Jeremiah and Priscilla Merrill. They have had nine children, of whom eight are living, viz: Cyrus A., now in California; Clara E., wife of P. B. Comstock, of Reno, Nevada; Priscilla J., now Mrs. Otis H. Scrib- ner, of Lambert's Lake, in Maine; Charlotte B., wife of Lyman Scribner, of California; Julia A., wife of N. P. Sweet, Lincoln; Lloyd D., deceased; Louisa M., wife of B. D. Averill, of Prentiss; George, now in Clark's Island, St. George, Maine, and Ella O., wife of Frank C. Stevens, of Lee. While in Washington county Mr. Rowe was for many years one of the Selectmen of his town. Mr. Walter Coffin, of Lee, one of the first settlers in the neighborhood where he now lives, came here from Belfast, Maine. He is a son of Nicholas Coffin, who came here from New Hampshire. Nicholas was a Revolutionary soldier and present at the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He married for his first wife Mary Heath. His second wife, mother of Walter Cof- fin, was Lydia Lemon. By his first wife he had two daughters, Catharine and Susan, and by his second wife two sons, Walter and Nicholas N., of Lincoln. Nicholas Coffin died in 1850. . Walter Coffin was born May 22, 1811; his father was a farmer and he was brought up on the farm. One year he lived in Enfield, but settled on his present farm in 1832, be- fore there was a road through the neighborhood. He married Nancy W. Clark, daughter of Ichabod and Mary Clark. They have had sixteen children, of whom twelve are living, viz; Emily, Elizabeth, Mary E. (deceased). Freeman, Nancy, Cyrus, Walter, Washington, Orrin (de- ceased), Henry, Engene, Vesta, Madora (deceased), Abbie, Fred, and one who died in infancy not named Mr. Coffin lives about three miles from Lee, on the road that leads through the half township to Lincoln. Philip Blake, of Lee, was born August 14, 181 1. He is a son of Bradbury Blake, a native of Mt. Vernon, Maine. His mother's name was Abigail Norcross. Bradbury Blake had ten children, all of whom lived to manhood and womanhood. Their names were Paul, deceased; Sophia, deceased; Philip; Prudilla; Nancy, de- ceased; Permelia, deceased; Abigail; Catharine; Joan; and Elvira, deceased. Bradbury Blake died April 30, 1870. Mrs. Blake died abo'ut eighteen months previous. Philip Blake, subject of this sketch, has always lived on the farm where he now lives, about ten miles from the village of Lee. He married for his first wife Mararida Chandler, who died in 1847, and married for his second wife Miss Betsey Lancaster, daughter of Elihu and Sarah Lancaster. Mr. Blake has two children by his first-wife 892 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. — Llewellyn, of Lee, and Philip Chandler, of Hersey township. Mr. Blake has four children now living by his second wife — Clara A., wife of Walter Coffin, Jr., of Lee; Dennis and True, now in Washington Territory; Dearborn P., now at home. Mr. Blake has served as one of the Selectmen of his town at dififerent times. George H. Haskell, postmaster and merchant at Lee, was born April 7, 1833. His parents, George and Betsey Haskell, were natives of New Goucester, Maine. George Haskell had five children — Elizabeth, widow of the late Abner H. Gerrish; Lucia A., now Mrs. G. S. Bean, of Thomaston, Maine; Mary W., deceased wife of Bohan Field, of Washington Territory; George H., and Albert, deceased. Mr. Haskell died in 1881, his wife having died in 1875. George H. came to this town when seven years of age, with his parents, and has always lived here. Since arrivmg at manhood he has been engaged in the mercantile business here. He married Miss Sarah Bowler, daughter of Edward Bowler, of Lee. They have six children — Mary A., Nellie B., Alice E., George K, Harold, and James B., all at home. Mr. Haskell has served as Town Clerk of this town, and is now Post- master, which oflSce he has held for about seventeen years. He keeps a general stock of merchandise at his place on the principal street in the village. Joseph W. Burke, dealer in general merchandise and lumber in Lee, this county, is a son of Thomas and Sally Burke, of Litchfield, Maine. Thomas Burke was a son of Samuel Burke of Topsham, Maine ; Mrs. Burke was a native of Bath, the daughter of Joel Ham. Thomas and Sally Burke had eleven children, six sons and five daughters, all of whom lived to maturity, and seven of whom are now living — Mary, deceased; John, deceased; James, now of Lee; Nancy, wife of A. Fifield, of Lee; Mark L, now in Leadville, Colorado; Lucy, deceased wife of Samuel Flagg, of New Hampshire; Rachel, now Mrs. William Jones, of Dutch Flat, Cali- fornia; Lydia, now Mrs. A. M. Jewell, of San Francisco, California; Joseph W.; Thomas, deceased ; and Nelson, also deceased. Thomas Burke, Sr., died in 1873; Mrs. Burke is still living in this village being now eighty-eight years old. Joseph Burke was born January 30, 1831, and at the age of seventeen went to sea. He followed the sea two years, visiting England, Wales, Holland and Belgium. In 1849 he went to California and engaged in mining, at which he remained two years. He returned to Litchfield in 1851 and engaged in farming, which he followed two years, when he came to Lee and engaged in teaming to Bangor, which he followed until 1862 when he went into the army. He remained in the army until the close of the war, connected with the Sixth Maine Battery. He was wounded at Gettysburg, and in hospital six weeks. He enlisted as a private, and was promoted to first lieutenant ere the close of the war. He was with his regiment in every engagement. At the close of the war he again engaged in teaming, which he followed until 1867 when he opened a store in Lee. He is also engaged in supplying and lumbering. Mr. Burke has served as Selectman, and is at present Town Treasurer ; and is also one of the Board of County Commissioners. He married Maria L. Crandallmire, of Lee. They have four children — Clarence C, now with his father in busi- ness, Mabel, Edith, and Alice. Cyrus A. Hanson, of Lee, is a son of John and Pau- lina Hanson. John Hanson had three children — Horace, now a physician in Bangor; Lizzie, deceased; and Cyrus, the eldest of the family. Cyrus Hanson was born February 22, 1835, in Harrison, Maine. He spent his boyhood on a farm and always has been a farmer; he also worked at the mason's trade part of the time. After becoming of age he went to California, where he remained about five years. He came to Lee in 1861, and enlisted in the army in 1862. On returning he was drafted and went again for a short time, being discharged for dis- ability in 1863. In 1864 he bought the place where he now resides near the village of Lee, and where he has since lived. Mr. Hanson has held various town offices, and is now Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, a mem- ber of which board he has been many years. He married Mary Mallett, daughter of William and Sally Mallett, of Lee, who were among the first settlers in town. They have seven children — -Lizzie, Alberta, Annie, James W., Willie, Cyrus F., and Rowena May, the baby. In 1878 he was elected to the Legislature, and served in that body during the winters of 1878 and 1879. America W. Ames is a son of James and Margaret Ames, for a sketch of whose life and family see that of James G. Ames. America W. Ames was born June 20, 1820. He came here with his father in 1835 and felled the first trees on the place where he now resides. The next year the family moved here. He married Ruth G. Jackson, daughter of Godfrey and Cyrene Jackson. They have two sons, viz: Foster E. and Harris. Mr. Ames has held the offices of Selectman and Town Treas- urer of his town several years. He lives on a part of the old homestead. He owns seventy-five acres of land. Godfrey Jackson, of Lee, is a son of John Jackson, a native of Sidney in this State. John Jackson was a son of John Jackson, Sr. He married for his first wife Dor- cas Savage, who lived seven years and died childless. Mr. Jackson married lor his second wife Ruth Godfrey, by whom he had seven children, viz: Godfrey, Benja- min, Jemima, Sylvia, John, Ruth and Joan. Godfrey Jackson, the oldest son of this family, was born June 22, 1796. On becoming of age he settled in Gardiner, Maine, where he lived about seven years, engaged as house carpenter. From here he went to Merimichi and lived three years, working as masterworkman in building a jail for the Provincial Government. From there he came to Lee, in 1826, and framed the first saw-mill that was built in this town, which was at that time called No. 4, not being incorporated. He studied medicine and practiced here for about twenty years. Mr. Jackson married Cyrene Hall, of West Waterville, Maine, by whom he had seven children, viz: Mary, now Mrs. Lowell, of Springfield, Maine; Elizabeth, wife of Captain Lowe, of Maryland; Joan, wife of James Ames of Lee; Edward B., now of Springfield, Maine; William, de- ceased in the army; Ruth, wife of A. W. Ames, of Lee, and Augusta, now Mrs. William Bagley. Mrs. Jackson HiSTbRY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 893 died many years since and Mr. Jackson is now living with his third wife, whose name was Paulina B. Towle, formerly from Farrington, Maine. She had three sons, Daniel, of Lee; B. H. Towle, of Sherman, Maine; and A. B. Towle, of Lee. Mr. Jackson was in the War of 181 2, and a physician in the late war. He has been a great hunter in his day, and killed twenty-two bears besides other large game. He is now in his eighty-sixths year. One of the early settlers in this county was Captain James Budge, who came from Massachusetts and settled in the present town of Brewer, or Eddington. He had four sons: James, a sea captain; Thomas, Daniel, and Francis H. Francis H. Budge, father of James T., married Abigail Smith, of Hermon. He lived in several towns in this county — Garland, Levant, Glenburn (for- merly called Dutton), Springfield, and No. 4 (now called Lakeville), where he died in 1874. Mrs. Budge died in 1848. James and Abigail Budge had ten children, eight of whom lived to maturity, viz: James T., John S., now of Springfield, Maine ; George B., in Springfield; Daniel, also of Springfield ; Gibson S., now of Lakeville, Maine; Charles L, deceased; Arthur P., now in Minne- apolis, Minnesota; and Harriet M., of Bangor. James T. Budge, the oldest of this family, was born July 25, 1824, in Levant, Maine. He spent his early days on the farm, and in early manhood learned the blacksmith's trade. After becoming of age he worked at that business about sixteen years in this town. In 1863 he engaged in trade and continued at that business for fifteen years, when he sold out and again went into blacksmithing with his son, which business he is now following. He married Nancy G. Clifford, daughter of George C. and Mary P. Clifford, of Dover, Maine. They have seven children living, having lost one. Their names are: Julia A., now Mrs. George W. Goodwin; James L, now in Sears, Michigan; Sophia E., wife of George D. Stock- well, of East Eddington; Melvin E., now with his father in business; Adella L. ; George C, and Harriet S. The name of the one that died was Mary E. Mr. Budge has been Town Treasurer of his town, and Constable. John E. Ludden is a son of John B. Ludden, origi- nally from Turner, Maine. He was a son of Joseph Lud- den. John B. Ludden married Hannah Woodbury. They had six sons and two daughters, viz: Louisa, now Mrs. Hiram Stevens, of Carroll, Maine; Sydney, deceased; John E.; Sewall, Cornelia, Lewis V. B., and William A., deceased; and Edwin A., now of Lee. John B. Ludden came from Pownal, Maine, in 1834, and settled where John E. now lives. There was a small field cleared but no buildmgs. It is said that Mrs. Ludden and her . daughter Louisa were the first women who came into this town in a carriage of any kind. They came ere the ice melted in the spring, or they could not have ridden. Mr. Ludden died April 12, 1876, and Mrs. Ludden August 2, 1881. John E. Ludden, the second son of this family, was born June 13, 1823, in the town of Can- ton, and came here with his parents, at the age of eleven. He settled with his father on the old homestead, where he now lives. In 1849 he married Susan Averill, daughter of David and Mary Averill {nee Mary Lee). This couple have had five children, three sons and two daughters — Sewell Ri, Clarence E., Louis E. (now in Washington Territory), Anna M., and Lucy E. Mr. Ludden's farm is about three miles from Lee village, on the Springfield road, where he owns about three hundred acres of land. James G. Ames, of Lee, is a son of James and Mar- garet Ames {nee Randall). They came here from Litch- field, Maine, in 1836, and settled on the farm where James G. Ames now lives. They had five children — Amanda, deceased; America W., of Lee; Eleanor, wife of John R. Hall, of Farmington, New Hampshire; James G.; and Oraville, now Mrs. Charles Kneeland, of Forest City, New Brunswick. James Ames died on the old place in 1844, and Mrs. Ames died January 18, 1862. James G. Ames was born October 9, 1827, in Liv- ermore, Maine, and came here with his parents when nine years of age. He married Joanna Jackson, daughter of Godfrey and Cyrene Jackson, of Lee. They have five children — Charles R, now in Snohomish City, Washing- ton Territory; Milton H., now of Lee; Edson C, James W., and Adla PI Mr. Ames has always been a farmer. He now resides on a part of the farm which he helped to clear up. It is about two and a half miles from the village of Lee. He owns one hundred and fifty acres of land. At the present time he is a member of the Board of Selectmen. MATT AW AM K E AG. DESCRIPTION. Mattawamkeag is a fine, large town, in the Penobscot valley, northernmost in the county of all the long line of towns upon the east bank of the river. It is bounded on the north by Molunkus, and about two miles breadth of Macwahoc Plantation, in Aroostook county; on the east by Kingman; on the south by a strip of Webster Planta- tion and by Winn, and on the east by the Penobscot, beyond which is Woodville Plantation. At the north- west it corners upon Medway, at the southwest upon Chester, which are the only towns cornering upon its corners. Mattawamkeag is forty-six miles from Bangor, in a straight line up the Penobscot valley. It is separated by only Kingman and Drew Plantation, ten miles breadth, from the northeast corner of the county and from Wash- ington county, and Woodville is the only organized plan- tation or town between it and Piscataquis county on the west. Its north line is the longest, being six and one- half miles; the east line a little less than five and one- half miles; the south line nearly six miles: the boundary on the Penobscot five and two-thirds miles in length. The narrowest width of the town is from the mouth of the Mattawamkeag River to the east line of the town, a little more than five miles. A short jog occurs in the north line of the town, at the corner of Molunkus and Macwa- hoc Plantation. The town contains somewhat less area than an even surveyed township. Mattawamkeag includes no ponds or lakes of size, and not very many streams. Such as there are, however, are important; and the town is in general, sufficiently well watered. The most useful of these streams is the Mat- tawamkeag River, which, itself taking an old Indian name, gives its own designation to the town. It rises in Aroos- took county and enters Penobscot near its northeast corner, in Drew Plantation, flowing thence in a winding course through Kingman, and entering Mattawamkeag a mile and a quarter above the southeast corner. It flows thence in a southwest direction to the border of Winn, below which it dips in two successive short arcs, and then makes a nearly straight push northwest for the Penobscot, into which it debouches at Mattawamkeag .village, about the same distance above the southwest .corner of the town as that where it entered above the op- posite corner. It receives no tributaries from the south- ward in this town. Half a mile from its entrance into Mattawamkeag it takes the Whiton Brook, a stream ' which rises four miles to the northwest, near the road into Macwahoc, and receives a tributary of about three miles length from nearly the same direction shortly be- iore reaching the Mattawamkeag. Half a mile further 894 the river receives another but shorter affluent. It has a total course in and just below this town of about seven miles, and is exceedingly valuable in the operations of the lumbermen, being a broad and otherwise favorable water for their purposes. The Mattaseunk Stream is another important affluent of the Penobscot which comes down from Aroostook county through Molunkus, striking the county line one and three-fourths miles from the north-central corner of Mattawamkeag, flowing in a pretty large arc across the same angle of the town, being nearly two and one-fourth miles from the corner at the crown or southeast part of the arc, and reaching the river near School No. 3, about as far from the northwest corner as the point of entrance of the stream into the town. It is also a very valuable channel, in the working of the north woods. At what may be called the crown of the arc, a mile or more from the mouth of the Mattaseunk, a tributary of three miles' length, rising near the middle of the town; is received from the southeast, which in its turn takes in a smaU af- fluent from the north, heading in the edge of Molunkus. These two large streams, with their tributary waters, and two petty affluents to the Penobscot within half a mile above the mouth of the latter, and one more half a mile above the mouth of the Mattawamkeag, exhaust the list of the waters of this town. Mattawamkeag, notwithstanding it is so far to the north- ward, almost on the border of the wilderness, has natural advantages which, together with the location of the re- pair shops of the Euiopean & North American Railroad at the station, have given it, contrary to the precedent af- forded by nearly every other part of the county, a steady growth almost from the beginning. During the last twenty-one years (it was only incorporated as a town in i860) it has increased about one hundred every decade, and during the years 1870-80 just one hundred. The population is still almost altogether settled along the river road, which takes in this town, at least between the two large streams, the name of the Mattaseunk road. The old military trail to Houlton, having followed the Penobscot all the way from Bangor, leaves the river at Mattawamkeag station, and strikes off northwestward, crossing the county line a mile and three-fourths from the northeast corner of the town, passing on to Molunkus village, and thence through Aroostook county to Houl- ton, not again touching the Penobscot. The section of ■this road from the station to the town line has as yet but infrequent settlements. A mile out of the village a neighborhood road runs off east about the same distance. East-northeast, or southeast of its terminus settlements are very rare. The river road, however, is well settled HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 895. up, and has upon it not only the station but a cemetery, near, with public hearse-house attached, and two school- houses. About two-thirds of a mile south of the Mat- taseunk it passes close to the Boom Islands, a little clus- ter of three, which are the only islets in this part of the river. Mattawamkeag village is at the crossing of the stream of that name, on the north bank, and about one-third of a mile from the Penobscot. The railroad, which has followed closely the river road into the town, here di- verges at almost a right angle, and runs off east and north of east into Kingman, making no station in the eight and one-fifth miles to that village. It has at Mattawamkeag its machine and repair shops, freight and passenger- houses, and turn-table, making this place the most im- portant on its line, except Bangor, It is also important for stage connections, daily stage-wagons running hence to Patten, with connections there for Fort Kent, Houl- ton, Island Falls, and other points. The place has a Methodist Episcopal society, a public school-house, two hotels, and the promising beginning of a business quarter. HISTORICAL NOTES.* Mattawamkeag was formerly known as Township No. I, East Indian Purchase, as Woodville was No. 2, West Indian. Although receiving its first settlers nearly as early as adjoining townships, and long a gateway into Aroos- took county on account of the Military Road being built through it at an early day, and also because it has a long stretch of navigable water from the Penobscot by the Mattawamkeag, yet it is only very recently that it was in- corporated into a town. The advent of the white man here was in 1829, when Colonel Stanley erected a log cabin or shanty for the accommodation of man and beast engaged in hauling supplies for the lumbermen over the frozen roads of the Penobscot ice. It was closed up during the summer season, and he soon left it for Houl- ton, after selling it to MilUken.and John Rollins. It was built on the north side of the Mattawamkeag, the Military Road afterwards built being down the river from it, and was between the "logan" and the river. In 1829 the United States Government commenced building the Mil- itary Road from Lincoln, its southern terminus, to Houl- ton, and completed it as far as Mattawamkeag that year. As the lumbermen would take up in a bateaux, in the fall, sufficient supplies to last until the river froze over, the teams would haul the bulk of it on the ice, and on the rough woods road following the river which was quite good in winter, and in the spring the bateaux would come down both the Penobscot and Mattawamkeag Rivers. The meagre accommodations of Millikin and Rollins did not suffice for the demand made upon them. This IS shown by the experience of a party on their way to the forks of the Mattawamkeag, who had to accept the hospitality of Milliken and Rollins for a night. The ladies slept in the only private room, two on the bed and two on an improvised bed on the floor near the huge fire. In the year 1830 Captain George Waite, who had been employed in hauling supplies to the lumbermen. *By B. F. Fernald, Esq., of Winn. bought out Milliken and Rollins, Milliken going I know not whither, but Rollins went up to the forks of the Mattawamkeag^ thirty miles toward Houlton, where until recently his children resided. Waite continued to keep a house of entertainment, and soon purchased some land and erected a frame house a little further north, above the creek. In 1830 James Penly and George Wallace, of Oldtown, erected a hotel building on the present site of the Matta- wamkeag stage house, and which forms the ell part of that hotel. Soon after they sold to Thomas Pratt, of Oldtown, and I think that Ira Wadleigh owned an inter- est in it. Pratt finished the buildings and shortly sold them to Joseph L. Kelsey, of Williamsburg, Piscataquis county. In 1834 Joseph L. Kelsey surveyed and lotted Mattawamkeag, leaving a mile square along that river for a village. He bought much of the desirable land, includ- ing that where the hotel stood, and having enlarged the buildings, let his brother-in-law, Edward G. Sturgis, keep the hotel until 1835, when Kelsey sold the hotel and land to Asa Smith, who moved there from the forks of the Mattawamkeag, since called Haynesville, thirty miles nearer Houlton, where he had been keeping hotel for five years. Asa Smith came from Androscoggin county ; his wife was Lovisa Haynes, daughter of David Haynes and a sister of Alvm Haynes, who was then and a long time previous, a mail-carrier from Bangor to Houlton. Mr. Smith became an important adjunct to the commu- nity of Mattawamkeag. He was Justice of the Peace, mail-carrier, postmaster, merchant, and hotel-keeper. In 1835 Kelsey and Sturgis left town, and only two other families alone remained. George Waite then was a farmer, hotel-keeper, and owner of teams. He had a house up the road, where there is an old cellar hole, with a barn still standing on the farm of William Willey, at the foot of the lower terrace of Webb Hill. Webb Hill is a steep rise, named after the contractor of Port- land, father of Nathan Webb, who built the Military Road at that point, and who got so deeply into debt, as Nathan affirms, that it took him twenty years to clear himself from it. The other dweller there was James W. Thompson, who carried the Bangor and Houlton mail. He was probably the first to carry mail on the Military Road. He built the house now standing just north of the store of Libby & Stratton, known as the McDonald House. The first school-teacher was a sister of Mr. Thompson. Mr. Thompson left soon after, and David Haynes moved there from Chester in 1837. About that time Dr. Daniel Lumbert moved from Readfield, Kennebec county, and made a clearing on the Military Road, on the edge of the Martin Gould place. Its site is now used as a pasture by D. Frank Martin, a son of Asher Martin, to whom Lumbert sold out. The widow of Asher Martin mar- ried Perley Gould, who died in 1880. Their son, Frank Martin, lives here now. Ira Pitman and Alfred Gordon made a clearing and a brief sojourn in this vicinity on a part of the present Martin farm. Pitman was a son-in- law of that typical Western pioneer, Penuel Shumway, who moved from Howland to Chester, thence to Winn, and finally to Minnesota. Gordon married Elsie Kyle, a 896 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. daughter of Ephraim Kyle, and moved to Winn. After raising a large family there, he died a lunatic. Previous to this, Colonel Eli Hoskins had owned for several years saw-mills on the Cambolasse Stream in Lincoln. These mills were commenced by the Lindseys, and are now owned by the Webbers, of Bangor. About 1838 Colonel Hoskins, who lived in Oldtown, and George Waite, built a large establishment near the mouth of the present Medway Road, in Mattawamkeag. It was used as a ho- tel, and S. Warren Coombs was the building contractor. Waite and Hoskins kept the hotel until 1846 or 1847. Waite then moved to the lower part of the town, and built the Hamilton Coombs House, near where he had made a clearing. George Sanborn rented the hotel, and con- tinued it as such until iS^f,, being succeded by Asa Smith, who purchased the property and kept the hotel until 1870. Then the buildings were moved across the road, and have since been used as dwelling houses. At a very early day efforts were made to improve the water-power at the town, and John Gordon, at an early day, built a mill at Gordon's Falls. The building of this mill and its burning by the Indians in 181 2, are recounted in the history of Winn. The location is on the confines of Winn and Mattawamkeag, and below it in both the towns are the old cellar-holes of the Dudleys and other settlers who lived there long after the mill was burned down. Purchases have been made with a view of increas- ing the water-power. The Mattawamkeag dips into Winn twice before it flows into the Penobscot within the territory of Mattawamkeag. When the trouble about the north- western boundary of our county caused soldiers to line the frontier, and a fort and barracks to be constructed at Houlton, that place and Mattawamkeag became memo- rable, and names were given to locations oh the Matta- wamkeag that have ever since borne them. Supplies had to be boated up the Mattawamkeag, as well as the sol- diers, in a scow, which made a landing below Gordon's Falls and Scatterac Falls, and this has ever since been known as Scow Landing. A road was cut through the woods then, extendmg to the soldiers' field, where they encamped near Molunkus Stream, above the Falls, where they embarked again. Further up on the river is a place where a woman accompanying the troops gave birth to a child near where two springs arise. Hence the name of "Female Springs." When the troops reached the forks they went by the "spotted line" to Houlton, some twenty-five miles further. A dam has long been built at the lower pitch of Gordon Falls. It was rebuilt with a fish-way a year or two since. David Bunker, who located in Chester in 1827, went in 1832 to Mattawamkeag, to Mattakeunk Lake, in town- ship A, Aroostook county, on the Mattakeunk Stream, which flows into the Penobscot some three miles up the Penobscot from the Mattawamkeag. At the foot of the lake he built a dam and a large lumber mill, or rather commenced a mill, and Arsenius Robinson, a New Hampshire man, completed the mill and sold it to John Foss, then of Lincoln. Within four years after this last purchase, extensive improvements were made here. Timothy Fuller, of Lincoln, and Seth D. Remick built a horse railroad from the Penobscot to the mill, commg out about half-way from the present residence of Hiram Hathorn. A large amount of lumber was manufactured there. The Fosses run a mill for some time, and Phineas Foss made some clearings on the edge of the river. The Medway road afterward when built found the houses often so far from an average straight road line as to lo- cate many houses in the middle of the fields. Shortly after a company from Saco built a mill and a dam within half a mile of the mouth of the stream. When completed it fell into the hands of Amos M. Roberts, of Bangor, and was run by John Jackins for several years. A shingle-mill was built there later by Hiram Hathorn. These mills were burnt down in 1870. This property was owned a long time by Woodman & Maling, of Bangor, and run by Hiram Hathorn. In 1879 Harvey Jordon, of Brewer, built a large lumber-mill and bought the shingle-mill erected by Hathorn after the old mill was burnt. In 1838 Samuel Warren Coombs re- moved from Chester to Mattawamkeag, and built where he now lives. Soon after the town was lotted out a road was built to accommodate the Mattakeunk neighborhood, and on that road Samuel Briggs, who removed from Winn, made a farm. Franklin Chesley made a farm in 1839 farther up the road. John Jackins built a house at the mill. Within the next decade some half a dozen farms were made and houses built along the Penobscot River, in- duced by the milling operations in Mattakeunk. The leading men there for a while seemed to be Phineas Foss and John Jackins, the latter a brother of Mrs. Samuel W. Coombs. Early after Hoskins' connection with Mattawamkeag's business he had cleared up or started the present farm of Edward Shaw, Jr., or within a half mile or so of the bridge, but it was not until after 1850 that the present Medway road was built, starting near the bridge and winding along most of the way by the Penobscot River side. Mattakeunk Lake, though not in Penobscot county, is a great resort for fishermen, especially in the winters. , Below Mattawamkeag village, early after the settlement there, about 1830-36, Charles Stetson built a house which stood in the present dooryard of the present fine residence of the late Asa Smith. The old house is now used as an out-house. Gideon Stetson, of Lincoln, is a son of Charles Stetson, and was the first blacksmith in town. Joseph Blakemore, the father of George W., and a brother of the wife of Elijah Brackett, the pioneer of Upper Winn, built, about 1842, where George now lives. During the years between 1840 and 1850 three or four other farms were made on the Military Road, toward Winn and Mattawamkeag, extending to within three-fourths of a mile of Winn village. Above Webb Hill but few other settlements were made, the Bradeens locating above Gould's. Indeed, in the whole about five-mile stretch of road to Aroostook county line hardly five farms now exist, though several C^/^Ul. '^^'f^i^^. Residence of the Late ASA SMITH. Mattawamkeag, Me, HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 897 old clearings grown up to bushes attest to the pioneer unwisdom and subsequent discouragement and desertion. The most of the way to Haynesville the road goes over a boggy ground, whereas if it went eastward a few miles nearer the valleys of the streams, fine farming lands would have attracted immigration. Some two and one-half miles above Mattawamkeag village are the sunken bridges on the Military Road, where five bridges have sunk into the soft ooze whose depth has never been discovered, though the length of the bridge has been shortened by filling up. About a mile above Mattawamkeag a new road goes into a settlement commenced near i860; this, with the exception of a short road of two or three miles up the Mattawamkeag River, and the old soldiers' road, being all the roads and settlements in Mattawamkeag off the Military Road and Medway road, excepting the Davis road. As immigration into the upper country continued Mattawamkeag became the gateway to upper Penobscot and the Aroostook country, and its popular stopping place. Smith's hotel, was full; Hoskins and Waite's well employed — afterwards kept by George Sanborn until bought by Smith; and a house built by Josiah Cripps was afterwards enlarged to a' hotel by the Fisks, but a few rods down the river from Smith's, also kept by Alvin Hoskins in 1847, and later by Josiah Snow, Samuel Dudley, Lewis Brown, and by Stratton, and at present by Charles Green and his son-in-law, Greenwood. The Smith family long kept the hotel, the Mattawamkeag stage house, from 1847 to 1852. It was then kept by Holder Sanford, Isaac Bartram, John R. Adams, Smith & Wing, then by Henry Wing, a son-in-law of Smith; then by George Parks. It has since changed hands many times, and at present is managed by Simon B. Gates, who putchased it in 181 r. The first known postmaster in the town was Asa Smith, who was early appointed, though there may have been some one before, during the "salt-box" period of our mails. Postmasters since Smith have been Holder Sanford, Asa Smith again, George W. Smith, then the present incumbent, David S. Parker, who is also Station Agent on the European & North American Railway. Of merchants, Beniah Sturgis, a brother of the hotel keeper, E. G. Sturgis, traded in 1833-34, and seems to have been the first in town, Asa Smith, while connected •with the hotel, was also m trade. Between 1846-50 Al- vin Haynes was in trade. Gilbert, Kirbg & Co. and J. B. Foss for two or three years; Hiram Haines, brother of Henry Haines; G. W. Smith, H. W, Fisk, and many others. In 1872 Asa Smith erected the present large store and dwelling house, where George W. Smith re- sides and trades. About the same time Henry W. Fisk built the present store of William H. Libby, who took in the present year Orlando A. Stratton, a son of Lewis F. Stratton, who had traded there previous to Libby. Professionally, Mattawamkeag has been but a fitful residence. Since the early location of. Dr. Lumbert, who returned very soon to Readfield, one other physi- cian was here for a short portion of a year. About i86o Dr. Albert Pearson came to Mattawamkeag from Lincoln. Since Dr. Lumbert left, no physician with a family has lived here. About 1870 Dr. Henry A. Rey- nolds, of red ribbon fame, removed from Winn to Matta- wamkeag, and after remaining a year or two returned to Bangor. In 1881 Dr. Daniel H. Kelly, of Bangor, lo- cated here, vAiere he still remains. The sole lawyer who was at one time a resident of the town, was William A. Evans, a brother of George E. Evans, of Portland. He was in Mattawamkeag some time between the years 1872 and 1875, and removed to Bluehill, where he has since died. About 1840 Jonathan Sewall, a Calvinist Baptist, preached in Mattawamkeag and vicinity. A .=;mall church was established, but is not now in existence. In 1868, or the following year, a Methodist Episcopal church was organized under the preaching of Rev. George R. Palmer, and in 1879 ^ church edifice was started, but from some cause it has progressed but little, although the exterior was completed in 1881. The pres- ent membership is about twenty. The church edifice is located on Railroad street, on which several of the em- ployes of the European & North America Railway re- side. In the sparsely settled upper Penobscot, for election purposes, a quite large territory was embraced in one voting precinct, and as late as 1853 the voters of Winn, Mattawamkeag, Woodville, and Nicatou, (Chester, be- ing incorporated in 1834,) met for election purposes near the end of Mattawamkeag bridge. In 1853 Five Islands Plantation was incorporated, which reduced the num- ber of voters here. Winn was incorporated in 1857, and Mattawamkeag in i860, which threw Woodville, and Nicatou into another precinct for voting purposes. March 26, 1853, the officers elected for Mattawam- keag were Asa Smith, Moderator; Asher Martin, Clerk; Thomas S. Ranney and A. Langley, Assessor; Ranney, Superintending School Committeeman; and Langley, S. W. Dudley, John Bradeen, John Hathorn, and James Rand, School Agents. May I, 1854, a petition was presented by Asa Smith, John Q. Adams, and Henry Haines, of East Indian township, to Alvin Haynes, one of the County Commis- sioners, for the issuance of a warrant authorizing a meet- ing for the organization of a plantation to be called Mat- tawamkeag. The officers elected were Asa Smith, Moderator and First Assessor, and Samuel W. Coombs Clerk. In 1855 three school districts were established. In 1856 George W. Smith was chosen Clerk, which office he held during the plantation existence. An ad- ditional school district was established in this year. In 1859 the last school district was merged into the first. In February, i860. Township No. i, Indian Purchase, east side of the Penobscot River, was incorporated as the town of Mattawamkeag, a name taken from the river whose mouth is in that town. The best Indian authority gives its signification as "A river with many rocks at its mouth." In March of the same year Asa Smith issued his warrant to Richard Sibley to call a meeting for accept- ance of the act of incorporation. At the meeting Asa Smith was chosen' Moderator, First Selectman, and 898 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. Treasurer, one of which offices he held nearly every year unlil his death in 1880. George W. Smith, his son, was chosen Clerk; Samuel W. Coombs and Colum- bus Chesley Second and Third Selectmen. Three hun- dred dollars was raised for the upper story for a town house, provided District No. i raised $500 for building for school-house, as a lower story. In 1862 the Treasurer was authorized to pay $20 bounty to each of six volunteers who enlisted to save the town from draft. The same year $75 was voted to be paid to the families of soldiers absent in the war. In 1863 $100 was raised as bounty for five volunteers. Also Asa Smith was authorized to hire $1,050, payable in five years, to pay bounties to volunteers to fill Matta- wamkeag's quota. In 1865 the town offered to pay any enrolled man who should volunteer or furnish an accept- able substitute, $300 for one year, $350 for two years, and $400 for three years. In 1864 George W. Blake was chosen Town Clerk, and has been annually re-elected to the office since. In 1871 $400 was raised for the support of schools; for a year or two before $280 had been raised, and for a long time previous $210 or $175. In 1873, in accordance with the law for that purpose, a free high school was maintained in Mattawamkeag. In November, 1869, the first train of the European & North American Railway reached Mattawamkeag. The advent of the railroad increased the population and prop- erty of the town materially. The railroad bridge across the stream was burned in May, 1874, and the same year a fine iron structure was erected at a cost of $20,000. The company owns property in the town amounting to $15,000. Their machine shop is under the management of A. O. Bailey. In 1873 Pine Tree Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted, with Wilbur F. Lovejoy, of Winn, as the first Worshipful Master. The present membership is seventy. In 1874 Sylvan Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, was established; the present membership is twenty-five. October 13, 1877, Floral Grange of Patrons of Hus- bandry was instituted, of which George W. Blakemore is Master. It has a membership of about forty; it holds an annualfair at the town hall, at which a very creditable show is made. STATISTICS, ETC. Mattawamkeag had 280 people within its borders by the census of i860; in 1870, 356; in 1880, 456. It had 65 voters in i860, 63 in 1870, and 122 in 1880. The valuation of estates for these years severally, was $25,000, $76,779, and $77,768. Mr. D. S. Parker is Postmaster. The other local officers at last report were: Samuel W. Coombs, William H. Libby, Charles A. Smith, Selectmen; G. W. Blake- more, Town Clerk; George W. Smith, Treasurer; D. S. Chadbourne, A. L. Thompson, G. W. Blakemore, Con- stables; Stark Webster, J. H. Hamilton, Stewart R. Gra- ham, School Committee; George W. Smith, (quorum) Justice. The town had then one manufactory of long and short lumber, one carriage maker, one picture frame maker, one carpenter and builder, and two smiths. There were two dealers in dry goods and groceries, one livery stable, two hotels, and one resident clergyman. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. George W. Smith, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of the late Hon. Asa Smith, whose biography appears elsewhere in this work. He was born in Haynesville, Aroostook county, October 24, 1834, and came to Mattawamkeag when a child with his parents, and has always lived here. He married for his first wife Miss Rosetta K. Brown, of Haynesville, who died in 1871, leaving one stn, Fred. For his second wife Mr. Smith married Althea H. Bab- cock, of Lincoln Centre. They have three children, viz; Gracie M., Sarah, and John. In 1870 Mr. Smith erected the fine store he now occupies, an illustration of which appears in this work. He is a man honored by his townsmen with the best offices in their gift, having held all the leading town offices. He keeps a general merchandise store and is express agent at this time. He is Secretary of the Pine Tree Lodge of Free and Ac- cepted Masons, and an honored member of the frater- nity. Mr. G. D. Stratton, of Mattawamkeag, was born No vember 22, 1843. His father, Paul Stratton, now eighty- four years of age, is a pioneer settler in Penobscot county. He was in the War of 1812 and is now a pen- sioner. He married Miss Sarah A. Frazier, of St. Johns, New Brunswick; they were married in St. Johns, and after living there thirteen years came to this county and settled in Chester about 1834. He lived there until 185 1, when he moved into Winn, then known as the Five Islands, and built a hotel, being the second house in the place. He followed hotel keeping and farming until 1863; since then he has retired from active busi- ness, and now resides in Mattawamkeag. Mrs. Stratton died in 1879, ^t the age of seventy-nine. They had ten children, viz: Mary, wife of George B. Robertson, of Bangor; William, now in Chester; Eliza, now Mrs. Jo- siah Snow, of Mattawamkeag; Lewis F., Sheriff of Pe- nobscot county, now in Bangor; Jane, now Mrs. James Snow, of Mattawamkeag; Eunice, wife of the late James P. Crowell, of Orono; George H., in Minnesota; Ellen D., wife of O. T. Hooper, of Boston; Martha, now Mrs. William Jewell, of Goiham, New Hampshire; and Guil- ford D., now of Mattawamkeag. G. D. Stratton was born in Chester; on becoming of age he engaged in hotel keeping in Winn; he also kept a livery stable there several years. From Winn he moved to Lincoln and farmed three years. He came to Mattawamkeag in 1872 and bought the hotel which he kept until the spring of 1881, when he sold out and moved to his farm just out of town. During his life in Mattawamkeag he farmed in connection with his hotel. He married Miss Eva L. Wing, daughter.of Henry S. and Hannah Wing, of Mat- tawamkeag. They have three children — Alice May, Rosa, and Roy. Frederick A. Greenwood, now of Mattawamkeag, is a HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 899 son of Francis and Mary Greenwood, of Lennoxville, Province of Quebec. Francis Greenwood has four chil- dren living— E. X., now in Detroit, Michigan; Ellen, wife of D. Moulton, of Minneapolis; Elizabeth, and Frederick A. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood are both living in Lennoxville. F. A. Greenwood was born June 20, 1852. After obtaining a common school education he studied locomotive engmeering, and was engaged in that business until 1877. At that time he took an engine and cut the wood for the European & North American Rail- way, at which he worked three years, until March, 1881, when he bought the hotel at Lincoln, which he kept till about the ist of August, when he sold out, and since then has taken a trip in the West. He has not again en- gaged in any business. He married. Laura A. Greene, daughter of Charles Greene, of Mattawamkeag. They have one daughter — Grace M. The fourth permanent settler in Mattawamkeag was Samuel W. Coombs, who came here from Albion, Kenne- bec county, in 1835. He had spent about a year in the county before coming here. He was born August 25, 1810, in Islesboro, this county. His father, Jonathan Coombs, was a son of Anthony Coombs, of Brunswick, Maine. Jonathan Coombs married Martha Warren, daughter of Samuel Warren, of Islesboro. He was a seafaring man during his early life, but spent his middle and latter days on a farm in Kennebec county. He had twelve children, four sons and eight daughters, of whom Samuel is the third son, the others being Jonathan, James, and Albert, de- ceased. Samuel W. Coombs on becoming of age worked at the house carpenter's trade fifteen years, building ho- tels along the river. Since then he has been engaged in surveying land and scaling lumber. He married Maria Jackins, of Chester, daughter of Christopher Jackins. To this couple have been born eight children, of whom six are living — Corrilla N., wife of Alonzo Babcock, of Augusta, Maine; Martha, deceased, wife of George H. i Libbey, of Molunkus; Maria, at home; Hannibal Hamlin, \ now of Mattawamkeag; George W., deceased; Mary, of 1 Minnesota; Sanford, at home; Dexter, of this town; and I Matilda, deceased. Mr. Coombs is now Chairman of the Town Board. He has held many of the town offices. 1 George W. Blakemore, of Mattawamkeag, was born May \ 3, 1838. He is a son of Joseph D. and Hebsabeth Blake- more. His grandfather came from Northamptonshire, ! England. Joseph D. had three children by his first wife. George W. is the only son living of the second family. The names of this family were Joseph H. and Sarah M. Mr. Blakemore died February 14, 1866 ; Mrs. Blake- more is still living with her son and daughter. George W. was raised on a farm, and went into the army in 1862 in the Sixth Maine Infantry Volunteers, where he remained about six months, when he was discharged for disability on account of a severe attack of rheumatic fever. On his return from the army he came to Matta- wamkeag, and since then has been engaged as a clerk for George W. Smith. Mr. Blakemore married Catharine Asher, daughter of William and Mary Asher, of Sherman, Maine. They have three children — Elzaidee M., George E. and Lottie H. Mr. Blakemore has been Town Clerk for seventeen years, and resides in the south part of the village. Columbus Chesley, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of Sumuel Chesley, who was a native of Paris. His grand- father, Nicholas Chesley, was a native of Gloucester, Massachusetts. Samuel Chesley married Martha Perry. They had ten children, of whom Columbus is the fifth. He came to Mattawamkeag in 1854, when he was thirty-two years old, being born October 27, 1822. He has a small place in the village. He married Eliza- beth Babcock, daughter of Jesse and Polly Babcock. They have four children — Henry C, Alice M., Albert, and Eunice. Mr. S. B. Gates, proprietor of the two fine hotels, one at Winn and the other at Mattawamkeag, is a son of Zadock Gates, who was born in Paris, Maine. He mar- ried Adeline Monroe. They had seven children — Simon B.; Frances, wife of Samuel Lowell, of Danforth, Maine; Oliver P., deceased; Augustine, died in the army; Silas W., died in the army; George B., now in Nevada; Vesta P., in Chicago; Galen, deceased. Mr. Gates died in 1880; Mrs. Gates died within a week after Mr. Gates. Simon B. Gates was born March 31, 1834, in Lincoln. On becoming of age he engaged in teaching, which he followed four years. He then went into trade in Car- roll, where he remained about three years, or until about 1867, when he went to Springfield and engaged in the hotel business, which he has since followed. He opened the large hotel at Winn in 1874. This hotel is the largest north of Bangor in this county. In 1881 he purchased the hotel at Mattawamkeag, which is also large, and under Mr. Gates's management a well kept house. He now runs both hotels, spending a portion of his time at each place, his family living at Winn. Mr. Gates married Theolocia Randall, daughter of Charles and Susan Randall, of Springfield, Maine. They have four children: Stella, Ora, Fayette, and Vaughn. Mrs. M. E. Willey, of Mattawamkeag, is a daughter of Mrs. Maria McNamara, late of Bangor. Mrs. Mc- Namara was born in Providence, Rhode Island, May 28, 1791. In 1813 she married John McNamara, who was engaged in the War of 181 2 in supplying troops at the battle of Lake Champlain. They went to Boston, where Mr. McNamara • engaged in business. They lived here until 1834, when the financial crisis caused him to fail in business. Mr. McNamara, feeling his losses very heavily, left Boston, and with many others became interested in Maine timber lands. He went to the Aroostook, then a new and wild country. The family soon followed, and to them the change was very great, as there were only log houses, and no privileges, either social or religious. The children, three daughters, pleased with the novelty, did not realize the change, but the mother, though deep- ly feeling it, accepted the changed circumstances, and with Christian fortitude looked up for strength, went bravely forward, comforting and sustaining her husband who soon sank under the change, and died in 1842 at the age of sixty-two years. In 1852, with her children, four in number, a son having been born here, she re- moved to Bangor and passed the remainder of her days 900 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. in contentment, having the respect of all who knew her. She died June 29, 1863, leaving to her family and friends a bright example of the power of Christian faith and for- titude to sustain the trials and discipline of life. She had nine childrenj of whom four lived to grow up, viz : Ann Maria, deceased ; Mary Eliza, now Mrs. Willey, of Mattawamkeag ; Louisa, deceased, wife of William Wil- ley ; and John T., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Willey have no children. Mr. A. 0. Bailey, Master Mechanic in charge of the European & North American Railroad shops at Matta- wamkeag, is a son of James W. Bailey, of New Glouces- ter, Maine. His grandfather was Jacob Bailey, of the same place. James W. Bailey married Hannah Smith, of Lisbon, Maine. They had eight children, viz : Au- gustus O.; Martha, wife of William Lucas, of Sangerville, Maine ; Solomon ; H. C, deceased ; James E., now in Belleville, Canada West ; Jennett, wife of Benjamin E. Swett, of Brunswick, Maine; Sarah H., deceased, wife of Silas B. Foster, of Gray ; Mary A., deceased, wife of Charles Latham, Portland. Both James W, Bailey and his wife are now deceased. A. O. Bailey, the oldest son of this family, was born February ix, 1825. When seventeen years of age he went to work in the woolen factory in Gray, where he remained one year when he went to Sacarappa, Maine, where he remained one year in the same business. In 1844 he went to Turner, Maine, where he worked in the factory three years, hav- ing charge of the weaving room. From here he went back to Sacarappa and entered the machine shop to learn the machinist's trade. After spending some years here he went to Gorham and worked awhile; when the firm sold out and he went with Mr. Gammon to New Hamp- shire and remained about six months. About 1850 he went to Portland and worked at the same trade about two years, after which he went into the employ of the Grand Trunk Railroad, at Gorham, New Hampshire. Here he remained as locomotive foreman eleven years, until about 1863. After this he went into mercantile business in Gorham, New Hampshire, and continued about two years, when he went to Glen Cottage, New Hampshire, and lived about nine months engaged in building a summer hotel. The hotel took fire and burned, placing Mr. Bailey back where he started in life. After losing his property here he went to Portland and engaged with the same company for whom he had pre- viously worked, taking charge of their new engines as they were sent out until they were accepted by the pur- chasers. He remained in their employ about two years, when he came to Mattawamkeag, and has since remained as Master Mechanic for the European & North American Railroad, and has charge of their shops at this place. These are the only shops of the road. Mr. Bailey mar- ried Elizabeth A. Cloudman, daughter of John T. S. and Mary A. Cloudman. They have one son, Frederick A., now with his father in the shops. Mr. Bailey has found time in his busy life to serve his town several terms, both here and in New Hampshire, as Selectman. W. H. Libbey, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of Joseph and Nancy Libbey {nee Nancy Foster), of Macwahoc, Aroostook county. Joseph Libbey has five children, four of whom are living, viz: William H.; Charles O., now of Macwahoc; Oscar H., also in Macwahoc; Jennie K., deceased; Ada G., wife of M. Bowley, of Macwahoc. Mr. and Mrs. Libbey are both now living in Macwahoc. William H., the oldest son of this family was born March 3, 1844. His father being a farmer he spent his boy- hood on the farm and after becoming of age he entered the employ of M. Johnson, of South Molunkus, where he remained eight years, when he came to Mattawamkeag and opened a general merchandise store, which he has since carried on. In 1871 he married Miss Maria A. Blackwell, daughter of Oliver and Sabra Blackwell, of Patten. They have one adopted child, Joseph by name, a child of Mr. Lib.bey's sister, who died and left it when an infant. Mr. Libbey is at present a member of the Board of Selectmen of this town. Alexander McClain, who came to Mattawamkeag from Readfield in 1846, is a son of Alexander and Esther Mc- Clain {nee Esther Robbins). Alexander McClain had two wives. By his first wife he had seven children, of whom Alexander, Jr., is the second son. Mr. McClain was a lumberman and was drowned in the year 1826. Alexander, Jr., was born July 24, 1823, and left home when a mere lad, being bound out to a man by the name of Soule, in the town of Hope. He left him when twelve and went to live with an uncle in Readfield. He lived here until about eighteen when he came to Mattawamkeag, where he has since lived, except ten years he spent in Molunkus, where he built a mill. He has been engaged in lumbering, milling and farming. He was for ten years Deputy Sheriff of this and Aroos- took county, and now has a nice place of sixteen acres in the village. He has been in charge of the drives on the Mattawamkeag for many years and sometimes takes the job to get down the logs. He married Mary L Shedd, daughter of Nathan and Celinda Shedd {nee Celinda Black). They have had eleven children, viz: Benjamin F., deceased; Thomas, in the West; Alexander, Jr., in Danforth, Maine; Ann Maria, deceased; Emma, wife of Humphrey Chadbourn, of Mattawamkeag; Mary I., deceased wife of Alexander Daugherty ; Etta May, wife of Alexander Daugherty; Rufus R., now at home; Celinda A., deceased; Nathan S., and George W. Mr. McClain is at present United States Revenue Detective. Mr. J. H. Jordan, of Mattawamkeag, is a son of Luther Jordan. This branch of the Jordan family can be traced by Luther Jordan back to hTs grandfather, whose name was John Jordan, of Mariaville, Hancock county, Maine. Luther's father's name was John C. Jordan, who lived in the same town. John C. Jordan married Lucy T. Jordan. They had nine children, of whom Luther is the fourth son. He was born March 23, 1819, in Mariaville. He lived in Mattawamkeag until about eight years since, when he moved to Ells- worth, where he now lives. He married Polly W. Moore, of Mariaville. They have seven children living, viz: Wilmot P., now in Eddington, Maine; J. Harvey; Myra, wife of John F. Frost, of Ellsworth, Luther, now in St. Johns, New Brunswick; Moses L., of Veazie; History of PENctescoT county, maine. 901 Addie E., now Mrs. Charles Buzzell, of Veazie, and Eva J., now Mrs. Alonzo Jordan, of Ellsworth. . J. Harvey was born March to, 1843. He first settled in Veazie, where he lived about one year when he moved to Brewer. He now owns a residence there. He came here to Mattawamkeag about four years since, in 1877, and bought the shingle-mill on Mattaseunk Stream. Since then he has built a saw-mill and now manufac- tures boards, shingles, and laths. He married Asha Spencer, of Veazie. They have two children, viz: Nathaniel and Albert H. He owns a farm also in con- nection with his mill. MILFORD. SOME NOTES THEREOF. Our little bark of history now floats for many miles adown the broad Penobscot, till it is moored beside the traditional site of Tarratine sovereignty at Oldtown Island, and looks across the broad acres of old " Sunk- haze Plantation," the modern Milford. This town is only six and one-quarter miles from the northwest corner of Bangor; is immediately on the east bank of the Pe- nobscot; adjoins Hancock county on about two-fifths of its eastern boundary, and is separated only by Green- field from Township No. 39, in Hancock. It is bounded on the north by Greenbush; on the east by Greenfield' and the Hancock county township No. 32 ; on the south by Bradley; and on the west by the Penobscot, beyond which are Oldtown and a narrow breadth of Argyle. In the river between, however, are Oldtown Island, the lowermost of the Indian reservation, and still almost the exclusive place of residence for the tribe; northwest of it the larger Orson Island; below it the smaller one crossed by the tracks of the European & North American Railroad; and a small as let opposite the south line of Argyle. The north boundary of Milford is almost one-fifth of a mile short of six miles; the east line is six miles long; the south Hne six and two-thirds miles; and the west line, following the windings of the Penobscot, is a little more than six and one-half miles in length. The north and south lines diverge a trifle from perfect parallelism, from east and west, so that the greatest breadth of the town, from north to south on a line dropped from the northwest corner, is about a quarter of a mile longer than the east line. The greatest length, from the inner- most bend at Milford village, is about seven miles. This line crosses the interesting series of waters known as the Otter Chain Ponds, a singular collection of small lakes, none of which are more than two thirds of a mile in length, and most of them but half a mile by perhaps half the length in greatest breadth in each case. The main part of the Chain is in the southwest quarter of the town, back from Milford village, and beginning one and one-half miles from the river. It consists of a series of seven ponds, lying in a rude triangle, with a sort of open handle to it, the whole two and one-eighth miles in greatest length and one and one-half in largest breadth. Each pond is connected with another, the last, singular to say, joining by an outlet to the first about midway of its length. The little streams con- necting the ponds are each but one-third to three- fourths of a mile long. The pond at the south angle of the triangle is the largest, being two-thirds of a mile long by about one-third in widest width. Just be- low the northwest angle is the last lake of the seven, half a mile below which is another small, narrow one, and a few rods farther another, and smaller, beyond which the outlet runs one-third of a mile to the town line near the southwest corner, and then half a mile to the Penobscot through Great Works, where it furnishes valuable power. A very singular system of branches, also, forms the heads of the Sunkhaze Stream — so involved in its char- acter as to be almost impossible of description, except by the aid of a carefully-elaborated map.. Suffice it to say that, all the way from the east middle of the north edge of Bradley, and tlie extreme northeast cornej- of that town, along the west edge of Greenfield, and the east border of Milford, to the middle of the south edge of Greenbush, the headwaters of Sunkhaze are found in no less than eighteen brooks and rivulets. From the south, flowing to a junction with Sunkhaze nearly half- way across the town, is the Baker Brook. Next on the east, with its mouth little more than half a mile above that of Baker, is the Little Birch, wliich heads in three little branches on the east part of the south edge of the town, and flows northwest. In the same general direc- tion, also from three heads, two of them near the south- east corner of the town, is the Big Birch, which, receiv- ing two more little affluents from the east, presently be- comes the south branch of the Sunkhaze, and, after a 902 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. total flow of nearly five miles, joins the north branch a mile and a half above the Little Birch, and with it forms the Sunkhaze. The north branch has its heads beyond the northeast angle of the town, in the borders of Green- field and Greenbush, an(^ flows southwest about three and a half miles to the point of union. It receives one small tributary from the southeast on the way; also, from the north, less than a mile from the junction, the Spring Brook, which comes down two and a half miles from Greenbush, getting the increase of a small stream on the west, a mile from the North Branch. The Russell Branch, also of Greenbush origin, running two-thirds of a mile west of Spring, and in general parallelism with it, entering the Sunkhaze half a mile below the junction, completes the list of headwaters of the Sunkhaze. After receiving all these, it becomes a stream of quite respecta- ble size and flows in a tolerably broad current for about three miles below the mouth of the Baker Brook, until it reaches the Penobscot. Half a mile above its mouth, on the north side, it takes in a two-mile affluent called the Dudley Meadow Brook. Above this, and half a mile from the northwest corner of the town, a small stream flows into the Penobscot at Costigan Station, formed by two branches rising in Greenbush and Milford, respect- ively, and joining just east of the railroad. The population of Milford is almost altogether clus- tered at Milford village and on the river road a mile be- low. There is a tolerably dense settlement, however, just below the mouth of the Sunkhaze, and at Costigan Station, the post-office at which is called North Milford. A very few settlements have pushed into the interior in the southwest corner of the town, some of them getting within the enclosure of the Otter Chain Ponds. The only through roads of the town are the river road, passing through Milford village and keeping close to the Penob- scot; and one running east, south of east, and northeast in a devious route across the Baker, Little Birch, and Big Birch Brooks into Greenfield. A road also runs from the north part of Milford village to the Otter Chain. HISTORICAL SKETCHES.* Although this town has been settled about eighty years, it is largely forest, less than one-tenth of it being cleared land, which is mostly in the first tier of lots in the western part of the town, fronting on Penobscot River. T|,ie underlying and predominating rock is mica schist; the only granite found within the limits of the township is in the shape of granite bowlders scattered here and there over the surface. The surface of the township is mostly low and level in its character, there being no very extensive ridges. In the western part of the town, commencing at the south line, the land is slightly undulating and sloping gently to the river for the most part. This portion of the town affords excellent and extensive water power, and is the most wealthy and populous part of the town. On what is known as Oldtown Falls is a large block of saw-mills of ancient date and somewhat antiquated con- struction. * By Mr. M. A. Austin, of Milford village. Around this has grown up the village of Milford, its entire business being lumber, and as a consequence it has had alternate periods of growth and depression as the demand forjumber has been brisk or otherwise. In this part of the town is another water power of less importance than the first named, on which no improve- ments have ever been made. The northwestern part of the town, which has always been known as Sunkhaze, is so low and flat that Penob- scot River freshets submerge a large part of it. It is excellent grass land, ard more farming has always been done here than in any other part of the town. The northeastern part of the town is yet in its natural state, forest and the large meadow on Sunkhaze Stream occupying the whole of it. The forest has been and is now the scene of extensive lumbering operations, and the meadow was the resort of the early settlers for hay, which grows wild in abundance, and even now is utilized, though to a less extent .than formerly. The southwestern part of the town is in a wild state; fires have consumed a large part of the original timber and a second growth is coming rapidly forward and even now is of considerable value. The soil as a whole is not of the highest order even for New England. On the river and streams it is excel- lent, being easy to work, Warm and productive, but as you leave the water courses it becomes cold, clayey and rocky, but there is hardly an acre of waste land in the town, as by clearing and cultivating it could all be made to produce excellent crops of grass. With the commencement of the present century was the beginning of Milford. In the year 1800, near where the residence of True G. Brown now is, was a log house occupied by a family by the name of Smith. Mr. Smith was what our Western friends would call a squatter, hav- ing no right to the land he occupied, and gained a living from the river and the forest. About a year later than this the State of Massachusetts, to which Maine was then attached, sent out a surveying party to run out lots in Township No. 3, Old Indian Purchase (Milford). While surveying the township twelve of the party (whether the whole party or less history does not inform us), charmed with the fishing and hunting facilities of the country, selected lots on which to settle with their fami- lies. Early in the fall of 1802 they returned to their homes in Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, fully determined to emigrate to the Eastern wilderness. The approaching winter, the hardships of pioneer life, the opposition of wives and families, removed the gla- mour of the wilderness from their minds, and only one of the party had the nerve to carry out his purpose. At this time Bangor was a very small village. There were a few settlers at Orono, and a very few families within the present limits of Oldtown. A double saw-mill had been built in 1798, by Richard Winslow, on the Oldtown side of the river, which, with one frame house, was probably all that occupied the place where now is the village of Oldtown. In the month of December Joseph Butterfield reached the place that was henceforth to be his home. That winter Mr. Butterfield and his family dwelt in the . HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 903 log cabin of which .previous mention has been made, with Mr. Smith, and busied himself in cutting timber with which to build himself a house. This timber was sawed at Winslow's mill, and in 1803 Butterfield erected the first frame house in Milford, on the orchard lot which his' descendants still own. This house was for a long time one of the landmarks of Milford, standing until a short time ago. The spot that Mr. Butterfield oc- cupied, though white neighbors were few and far between, was not a lonely one. It was in the very heart of the Tarratine country, having been purchased of them in 1796, only six years before. The Tarratines had once been a powerful and war-like tribe, and were still numerous. The house of Mr. Butter- field was separated by a narrow channel of the Penobscot from the Tarratine metropolis. These Indians had been friendly to the English settlers since 1726, but at this time perhaps were not the most desirable neighbors. Milford was still a "forest primeval." Although so near the Indian capital, and until so recently the property of the Indians, it was still a virgin forest. Its natural ap- pearance was unchanged. The "towering pines and the hemlocks" still stood unscathed by the woodman's axe; the Penobscot rolled its waters unvexed to the sea. All the natural wealth of the Penobscot Valley was still standing. The whole country was covered with pines, spruces, and hemlocks of the largest size and finest quality. What must have been the original aspect of the country when, after so many years of extensive and reck- less cutting, the lumber business is still the most impor- tant mdustry of the Penobscot Valley? The woods abounded in game. Moose, deer, and caribou were easily taken by the skillful hunter, while beaver, otter, and all the lesser fur-bearing animals were the sources of a traffic with the Indians which yielded rich returns to the white man. The Penobscot fairly swarmed with the finest fish- salmon, shad, and alewives were taken in quantities that seem now almost incredible. Shad Rips and the falls were fishing grounds of the greatest importance, and were resorted to for years by settlers from all parts of the valley. In such a country as this it will be seen that luxuries would not be easily obtained, but the necessaries of life- shelter, food, and clothing— would be had without diffi- culty. Here Mr. Butterfield lived— for a short time alone, per- haps—the Smith family soon disappearing from the scene — but other settlers began to come in, and at the com- mencement of the War of 181 2 several families had set- tled in the town. A short time after the settlement of that part of the town where Milford village now is, the upper part of the town began to be settled also. Who was the first occu- pant of that part of the town it is now impossible to de- termine, but it is certain that in the first decade of the century Sunkhaze, as it was called, had Us beginning, and that Samuel Dudley and, perhaps, others, were set- tled on the south side of Sunkhaze Stream. Samuel Bailey w^s Jiving on the north side of the same stream, and. an Irishman by the name of Larry Costigan was set- tled near the brook that now bears his name. The war probably retarded the settlement of the town in a measure, but after the war the settlers began to come in slowly. Times were hard, the cold year (18 16) and the scarcity occasioned by it turned the attention of the people of Maine to the milder climate and richer soil of the West, and what was known at the time as the "Ohio fever," was the result. Ohio was at that time a new State, and was supposed to offer better facilities than the bleak and barren East. A vast tide of emigration from Maine was the result. In every town farms were sold, stock disposed of, and every road filled with teams bound for the fair and fertile West. This was before the era of railroads, and a long and tedious journey was before the emigrant ere the enchanted ground was reached. The magnitude of this emigration may be divined when we learn that it reached No. 3, as Milford was then called. Colonel Ingalls, whose family was one of the seven or eight that then occupied the township, was seized with the Ohio fever and emigrated with all his family except one daughter, who remained, becoming the wife of John Butterfield, the only son of Joseph Butterfield, just be- fore the departure of her parents. At this time the northern part of the town began to take the lead, and Sunkhaze began to assume local im- portance. The townsliips further up the river began to be settled and the lumber business to be developed. The person who did most to shape the destiny of the embryo town was William Bridge. The exact date of his arrival does not appear. He came from Massachu- setts, and for a number of years was engaged in the fish business. He purchased fish of the Indians, which he cured and salted for export. He no doubt foresaw the capabilities of the place, and through his representation Mr. Fiske, a capitalist of Boston, was induced to join with him in the purchase of the township. They are re- ported to have paid for it twelve and one-half cents per acre to the State of Massachusetts for the entire town- ship except the few lots occupied by actual settlers. The business first engaged in by Mr. Bridge was fishing and trading with the Indians. This traffic was mostly in fish arid furs, and shortly after the purchase of the township by Messrs. Fiske and Bridge a small store was built by them on the point where the ferry then was. Here they traded in a quiet way for some years, lumbering a little also, but making no attempts to improve the water power. This was about the time that Maine was ad- mitted to the Union as a State, just before which No. 3 was made a Plantation and was known henceforth as Sunkhaze Plantation until its incorporation as the town of Milford. At the time of the admission of Maine the country was nearly recovered from the effects of the late war, and the policy of the successful and satisfactory administra- tion of Mr. Monroe gave a great impetus to business and created a demand for lumber, and the few saw-mills that were built at Oldtown, Orono, and further down the river were making some money. As yet none had been built at Milford. 904 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. A hotel had been built at Sunkhaze before 1820. It is still standing, and is known as the old Amos Bailey stand. A store, perhaps two, had been built in the upper part of the town by this time, but they were not doing what at this time would be considered a large business. From 1820 to 1825 were quiet years at the lower end of the town. Messrs. Fisk & Bridge were still fishing and trading, but no change of moment was made in this part of the town. Sunkhaze increased somewhat in population, the build- ing of the highway from the north line of Milford to the north line of Lincoln, which the State was then doing, and the increase in the lumber business, had caused an- other tavern to be built there, but Sunkhaze was soon to lose its supremacy. A movement was on foot to improve the water-power in the southern part of the town, and in 1826 the first saw-mill was built in Milford. A double saw-mill was built first. It is now standing, but instead of the two single saws, as at the time it was built, it con- tains the gang of saws known as No. 3. The following year a second double mill was built on the shore, inside of the first-named, damming the liver having caused a washout that was easiest repaired by erecting a mill. This mill is now occupied by a circular saw of the latest pattern, and a clapboard machine, and would probably surprise its original constructor, a cele- brated millwright of the early days of Penobscot, by the name of Godfrey. Fiske & Bridge continued to build mills until 1833, when the whole mill was completed. It stands now in outward appearance nearly the same as at its completion. When completed it consisted of eight double mills, con- taining seventeen single saws. The old machinery and wheels have nearly all been replaced with machinery of more modern construction. The building of these mills made a great change in the town. Milford village came into existence, and being the centre of business it at once took the lead of Sunkhaze, which it will maintain, prob- ably foreven At this time, too, the Military Road, as it was called, was being built from Lincoln to Houlton, an appropria- tion having been obtained from the General Government during the administration of John Quincy Adams. The building of this road and the hauling of supplies over it for the garrison then, and for many years afterwards maintained at Houlton, made business extremely lively, and was a fruitful source of revenue to the taverns along the road. At that time there were three in Sunkhaze alone, all doing a lively business. These were the palmy days of Milford. Andrew Jack- son was President, and it was flush times all over the country. The business street of Milford in the early days was what is now known as Ferry street, at the foot of which was the ferry to Oldtown. The building of the Milford toll brige in 1830, some distance below, caused a gradual transfer to what is now known as Main street. This con- dition of things will probably be a lasting one. The building of the mills and the prosperous condition of business generally, caused Sunkhaze Plantation to grow ambitious, and in the winter -of 1833 a bill was passed by the Legislature, incorporating it into a town by the name of Milford. It was named for Milford, Massachusetts, from which the early settlers of Sunkhaze came. The act of incorporation was signed by Governor Samuel E. Smith on the 28th February, 1833. It bears the signatures of Francis O. J. Smith, who for the six succeeding years was a member of the State Legisla- ture as President of the Senate, and Nathan Clifford as Speaker of the House, whose fame has since become na- tional as Attorney-General and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. From some cause which does not now appear, the act of incorporation Vfas not accepted until the spring of 1835. O" March 23 of that year Benjamin Johnston, a Justice of the Peace, issued his warrant to Joseph Demerritt, commanding him to notify the legal voters of the town to meet at the school-house in the south part of the town, to organize under the terms of the act, and to choose the necessary town ofificers. Accordingly, on the 4th day of April, 1835, the act of incorporation was accepted and the town organized.- At the first meeting of the legal voters of the new town Benjamin Johnston was chosen Moderator, Alexander Woodard Town Clerk, Benjamin Johnston, Nathaniel Gerrish, and Ebenezer Toothaker, Selectmen; Saul Dud- ley, Town Agent; Peleg Hall, Alfred O. IngersoU, and Alanson Austin, School Committee. At this time the town was divided into two school districts, and Samuel Wright and Charles Brown were chosen School Agents. Previous to 1835 there was a dispute between Milford and Orono (then including Oldtown) about the dividing line, and in 1833 the Selectmen of Orono taxed the eight saws lying outside the sluiceway at Milford, claiming that said sluiceway was the main channel of the river and that the outside saws were within the limits of Orono, and should be taxed accordingly. This claim the inhab- itants of Milford considered a most decided aggression. They accordingly appealed to the Supreme Court to de- cide the matter. The Court appointed three commissioners to decide where the boundary was between the towns. The com- missioners made an elaborate report deciding against the town of Orono, and establishing the lines as they now are. This was the era of speculation. General Jackson had declared war against the United States Bank; Con- .gress had refused to renew its charter, and the policy of the Government in depositing its funds in certain of the State banks had caused them to be greatly multiplied. The issue of such immense quantities of paper money caused a general rise in values and made this a period of wild and reckless speculation. This was all well enough while it lasted, but inflation then as now had its limit, and in 1837 the bubble burst. The good times of Jackson's administration was followed by the hard times that weighed down President Van Buren's administration. The financial disaster that overspread the country was nowhere more severely felt than in Eastern Maine. It HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE 90s was severely felt in Milford, and for a number of years no houses were built, no further improvements were made on the water-power, and with the exception of changes in the] machinery but little has been done smce. Before the financial crash of 1837 Messrs. Fiske & Bridge had been endeavoring to develop the water- power to a greater extent, and it was supposed by many of the inhabitants that but a few years would elapse be- fore the town would become a city, but their hopes were now deferred for a time at least, and that time is still in the future. Financial depressions do not last always, and the effects of the panic of 1837, though felt for several years, were followed by good times. The Penobscot country had come to be the great lum- bering country of the East, and kept pace with the growth and improvement of the Nation. The stringency of the times diminished the cut of logs for a time, but the demand for lumber was soon active enough to em- ploy all the saws on the river, and Milford had its share of the business. The mills were run night and day, and the large number of men employed made it brisk busi- ness for the merchants and hotel-keepers. At this time ('38 to '40) there were four stores and two hotels in Mil- ford village. In Sunkhaze there were two stores and three taverns. Among the traders in Milford village was Samuel F. Hersey, who afterwards removed to Bangor, and died a few years ago a member of Congress and a millionaire. He occupied a store just below where the Willey Tavern (now the American House) stands. He was an enterprising, genial man, and was quite popular. He was Town Clerk in 1839, on the School Board in 1840, arid was a candidate for Representative to the Leg- islature in 1841. In the 'year 1839 the dispute in regard to the Northeastern Boundary culminated in what is popu- larly known as the " Aroostook war." The section of country watered by the Aroostook and St. John Rivers being claimed by Great Britain as a part of the territory Qf New Brunswick, the permitting of timber on the Aroostook by that Province roused the State of Maine, and the Governor ordered four companies of militia to the disputed section to drive off the intruders. These companies were to accompany the Sheriff of Penobscot county as a posse comitatus. One of these companies was from Oldtown, known in those days as the Rac- caribas. In its ranks were quite a number of the citi- zens of Milford, who endured all the hardships of the ex- pedition and the ridicule that was rast'upon it through the masterly retreat of the Sheriff and^the_flight of its -commander. There was no tragedy, but a good deal of farce. The leaders were responsible for this; the pri- vates did their duty and afterwards received land war- rants from the General Government. In the election of 1840 Edward Kent was elected Governor by a decisive majority, and General Harrison was elected President. This was very pleasing to most of the citizens of Milford, which had been before and afterwards continued to be a] stalwart Whig town. The canal at this time was^occupied by a grist-mill and shingle- and clapboard-mill, but in 1842 Rufus Daven- port established a pail-factory thereon that for a time did an immense business. It did too]much business in fact. He made pails faster than he could sell them, and, having overstocked the market, he suspended operations. He got rid of his buildings at once, easily disposing of them by moving them off and making them into dwellings, but he carried a stock of pails several years. There had been but little change in the appearance of the town for several years, but the lumbering business continuing to prosper, a larger cut of logs was made in the winter of 1844-45 '^'^.n in any previous year; some building began to be done, especially on the upper end of the main street. About this time Samuel Wright, who had been agent for the Mill Company since the commencement of their operations, resigned his position and was succeeded by Rufus Davenport. In the latter part of May, 1849, William Bridge died. He had commenced his career in his younger days with high hopes of wealth and prosperity, but he was doomed to disappointment. His latter days were crowded with misfortunes, and death was probably welcomed by him. The discovery of gold in Cahforina in 1848, and the rapid development of that country caused a fever in Mil- ford, as it did in other parts of the country. A great exodus took place, many of the smartest and most enter- prising young men emigrating to the golden shores of the Pacific. It was supposed that a great influx of wealth would be the result, and it was said that a bank would have to be established, but the wealth did not come in and the bank has not yet been founded. A large number of those who went out at this time died soon after reaching the land of promise. Some have never returned and most of those who have come back have never seemed to be overburdened with "filthy lucre." In 1849 the cholera raged with fearful violence in the country. It reached Milford, and though greatly feared there was but one death in the village. In the French settlement, of the south end near Bradley it made great havoc, fourteen dying, a very large percentage, for the French inhabitants were few in number. In 1850 Rufus Davenport resigned his position as agent for the Mill Company and was succeeded by Stephen D. Brown, Under Mr. Davenport's superin- tendence some changes had been made in the machinery of the mills. Four gangs of saws had been set up and single saws removed to make room for the same. These changes increased the capacity of the mills for the pro- duction of lumber. Such changes, had taken place in most of the mills on the river, and proved necessary, as the cut of logs on the *river was more than three times as great in 1850 as in 1840. About 1853 a new road was laid out from Milford to Greenfield. It was laid out through the southern part of the town, and was begun in the spring of 1854, some two miles of the road being completed that season. It was a long and costly route. It required several years to complete it, and was quite a burden for so small a town to carry. About the year 1850 the need of suitable ac- 9o6 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. commodations for school purposes began to be felt in ' the southern part of the town. At the time of the incor- poration of the town the old school-house, the remains of which are still to be seen on the ledge near the river, in the upper part of the village, was the intellectual cradle in which the youth of the district were rocked, but it soon gave place to a new and more commodious school-house; this was in the outskirts of the village near the border of the pine forest called Pine Knoll. It only contained one room, and by 1850 the scholars had be- come too numerous for its limited capacity, and besides improvement was the order of the day, and it was seen that an improvement could be made by organizing and grading the scholar into more than one school. For a few years primary schools were held in such rooms as could be obtained in various parts of the district. But this was only a makeshift, and did not give satisfaction. In the spring of 1853 a small building was erected on Davenport street, by the combined efforts of dissatisfied parties, and a private school established. This was quite successful for a time, but at length a district meeting was called, and it was voted to build a new school-house, and money was appropriated for that purpose. The building was at once commenced, and in December, 1854, the lower story was occupied for the purpose for which it was intended. Two schools were established in the rooms on the ground floor. They were quite conven- iently arranged, and the district had now a school-house, of which it need not be ashamed. The old house near Pine Knoll was taken for a town house, and for a number of years was the Mecca towards which the countenances of the legal voters of the town were turned at least twice in the year, the annual meeting of March and September. For a number of years efforts had been made in March meetings looking to the purchase of a Town Farm or Almshouse. In 1854 the sum of $500 was appropriated to purchase a lot and erect buildings thereon, and a com- mittee was appointed to make the purchase and expend the money. The committee was also authorized to hire $r,soo at six per cent., if necessary. The lot was pur- chased and buildings erected. It cost enough to be, and perhaps was, a profitable investment. In 1854 the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad built a bridge across the Penobscot, and Milford became the nortiiern terminus of that road. It was a good thing for the hotel-keepers and blacksmiths. Many teams were employed in transporting the freight to the up-river coun- try. In the summer the steamboats on the Penobscot River were employed in the business, but in the winter it was done by horses, and Milford had the benefit of this activity. Milford at this time was a lively place. The war rag- ing in Europe had an enlivening effect on the business of the United States. A great demand was created for American breadstuffs and provisions, and the merchant marine of the country was the finest in the world. Maine, as the leading ship-building State of the Union, was especially prosperous. The year 1855 was one of the greatest activity, more lumber being rafted on Penob- scot boom than in any previous year, and the ship-build- ing business of Maine was that year of surpassing mag- nitude. But good times do not always last. Hard times come, no matter who is President, and in 1857 another period of stringency began. It affected the lumber business of the Penobscot seriously. The amount of lumber rafted on Penobscot boom in 1857 was 62,416,000 feet, a great fall off from the previous year, when the amount rafted was 143,271,000 feet. A shrinkage of values followed, and for a time the supply of labor was greater than the demand. In 1858, on the petition of Stephen Call and others, a new road was laid out from the upper end of Milford village to Sunkhaze Meadow. It was several years in building, and the appropriations for this and the eastern road running to Greenfield, not yet finished, made taxes somewhat heavier than they had been. In 1859 S. D. Brown resigned as agent for the Milford Mill Company, and was succeeded by Lewis Simpson, who held the position until said company sold out and dissolved in the fall of 1880. The year t86o was one of great political excitement. The Democratic party was divided against itself, and the Republican party, after a brilliant and exciting campaign, elected Abraham Lincoln President of the United States. Previous to the formation of the Republican party Mil- ford had been a Whig town, and upon the dissolution of the Whig party it naturally gravitated to the new organi- zation. In the Presidential election of i860 the Lincoln electors received eighty-one votes, all others thirty, and the political character of the town remained the same for some years. But the South chose to regard the election of Lincoln as a menace to slavery, and now came the crucial period of the Republic. War's fiery furnace was to test the strength of Republican institutions, and even the smallest hamlet was to be called upon to furnish victims. When the first call was made for volunteers by Presi- dent Lincoln, a meeting of the legal voters of the town was called for the 13th day of May, ■1861, and a sum of money was raised to provide for the families of volun- teers. Several of the citizens of Milford enlisted in the Second Maine, the first regiment to go from Eastern Maine, and fought valiantly at Bull Run and all the sub- sequent battles in which the regiment was engaged. But the South was terribly in earnest, and the war con- tinued. Call after call was made, and Milford was rep- resented in the various regiments that went forth to the conflict. In 1862, when the terrible demand for men could not be supplied by volunteers and a draft was ordered, a public meeting was called and money was raised to hasten the filling of the quota of the town. But the war went on, and the call was men, more men. To every demand the town responded nobly, and the men were forwarded and money was voted without stint or hesitation. In 1863 the town was paying $225 for men in addition to State and Government bounty. As the calls were made, town meetings were called and money voted to raise volunteers; but two drafts were HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE. 907 made, and those drafted from the town were placed on the same footing and had the same bounty as volunteers. The war came on just as the country was recovering from the hard times that followed the crash of 1857. It was supposed that times would be the hardest ever known, and in fact the season of 1861 was a hard one for the lumbermen. The demand for lumber being so light the West Branch drive was not drove in to the boom that season, but was boomed into the lower lakes, where it remained until the following year. Part of the saws in Milford were run that season and business proved much better than had been expected. The vast expenditures of the Government, the withdrawal of so many men from their ordinary avocations to the services of the Govern- ment, and the issue of paper money, stimulated business of all kinds, and by the spring of 1862 business of all kinds was in the most flourishing condition. Even the lumber business that it was supposed the war would almost wholly cut off, shared in the general improve- ment and stood on the same footing as the rest. The flourishing condition of the country made a demand for lumber for home consumption, and a large demand was made for Maine spruce in the West Indies and South America in consequence of the blockade of Southern ports shutting off the supply of hard pine, that had before furnished those markets. The mills on the river were running full time, lumber continually increasing in value, labor was in great demand, and wages all the time tending upward ; and while the best and bravest of the country's sons were dying on the battlefield, while the country was running into debt with a rapidity that surprised the whole world, the sacrifices of the country were partially com- pensated by the flourishing condition of business of all kinds. The year 1862 was a prosperous one, and 1863 was an improvement on the preceding year. Lumber continued to rise in value, and the wages of labor were constantly rising. In 1864 lumber reached a higher point than ever before, and probably higher than it has reached since. It was a remarkably dry season. The water in the river was low and the saws cut out lumber slowly. Men were ex- tremely scarce and wages very high. All the mills on the river were running, many of them day and night. All the saws in Milford, one of which was so old and out of repair as to be considered almost worthless, were kept busy. It was a time of general activity and plenty, and but for the awful sacrifices of war it might be regarded as the most prosperous period of the Republic. In the winter of 1865 the last call of President Lincoln was filled, and in March and April they were sent forward. But the end was near. The most of those raised under the last call were stopped at Portland and Boston, and with the capture of Richmond and the surrender of Lee the supremacy of the Government was established. The absent ones were to return to their homes, and fathers, mothers, wives, sisters, and brothers were to be made happy by the return of their loved ones. But not all were to be thus favored. Seventeen of the sons of Mil- ford had laid down their lives on the battlefield, and many of those who returned came back with constitu- tions weakened by exposure and disease. The spring of T865 opened with a good stock of logs in the river, but it was supposed that the price of lumber must go down gradually. And it did go down for a spell; wages, too, fell greatly, and it was thought by some that the supply of men would be so great that labor would command starvation prices, but by July every man that wished to work was employed, and labor and wages were both tending upward. It was a very dry season; the drought was severer than in the preceding year, and there was considerable difficulty in filling the orders for lumber. It continued to rise in value, and in the fall was nearly as high as in the previous year. The favor- able condition of business, and the demand for saws caused some improvement to be made in the mills at Milford, all the saws being put in a rentable condition. The year 1866 was a remarkably good one for sawing lumber. There was no drought. The river was at good sawing pitch all summer. The whole mill was run, much of it day and night. There was a great demand for lum- ber, and a large stock of logs in the river; everything favored the manufacturer. It was a good year and every- body was making money. At this time considerable business was done in the forest in the southeastern part of town. A good deal of hemlock bark was peeled, and some railroad ties and ship knees were made, and hauled to the railroad station at Milford. The succeeding year, 1867, was also one of great business prosperity. Logs were plenty, lumber sold well, and the drought was not a severe one. The operators in the mills this year were P. D. Hathorn, who occupied the shore end, and F. M. Cunningham, who occupied the stream end. The year 1868 was another prosperous one. The lumber business was brisk, and, in consequence, all other kinds of business carried on in the town were also pros- perous. The operators this year were P. D. Hathorn, Wilder Brothers, and F. M. Leavitt. The building of railroads was being pushed vigorously in all parts of the country, and the European & North American Railway (at the present time the most important in Eastern Maine) was commenced this year. The bridge at Mil- ford was finished this season, and regular trips to Milford were commenced in December of this year. At the same time the road was opened to Olamon. The next summer the European & North American Railway Com- pany purchased the line of steamers running from Old- town to Winn and operated in connection with their railway, running at first from Olamon, afterwards from Passadumkeag to the head of navigation. This cut off the Bangor, Oldtown & Milford Railroad from the up river country and made a vast difference in the status of that road in Milford. The freight and passenger busi- ness of that road dwindled down to a local business and this was shared with the new railway. The building of the new railroad made a gradual change in the manner of transporting to market the lumber manufactured at the mills. The river had always been used as a medium by which to transport lumber to Bangor, where it was shipped to such places as required it. Immense rafts 068 HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAlNfi. were built at the foot of the mills, the various kinds and sizes being put into it, and when the water was at a good pitch for running these rafts they were deck-loaded with shingles, lath, and clapboards, and such other kinds of short lumber as the market required to be made. The current of the river then conveyed these rafts to Bangor in a very short time in high water, where they were broken up, sorted and surveyed previous to being shipped to buyers. But the railway changed all this. At first the short lumber was shipped by rail, and afterwards the long lum- ber as well. In the year 1870 Messrs. Dillingham & Wing, of Oldtown, purchased the Butterfield lot on the river, in the upper part of the village, and erected a steam mill. It contained a circular saw for cutting long lumber, and three shingle machines. It was quite an impoitant factor in the business of the town, being run for a lime winter and summer. In the winter of 187 1 machinery for making Excelsior was put in this mill, and quite a business was done in this line. In the fall of 1872 it was burned. It was afterwards rebuilt on a small scale to manufacture the stock on hand, but after the poplar in the storehouse was used up it discontinued operations, and the engine and other machinery was sold and removed. Another steam mill was built in Milford at about the same time, on the Greenfield road, four miles from Mil- ford Station. It was put up by Rand & Ames, and did quite a business in staves and heading for a time, but it was not a paying investment, and the owners meeting with heavy losses it was shut down and never run after- wards. The lumber business at this time was not so prosperous as it had been, and in 1873 the whole of the mills did not run, and the "panic" of that year and the hard times following made almost an entire suspension of manufac- turing. In 1874 and 1875 o^^ gang and one single saw was in operation. Afterwards for several years no long lumber was manufactured, and but little short lum- ber. These were the hard times that sat like an incubus on the whole country, and Milford felt these in all their stringency. Its mills idle, and no employment for labor, was particularly hard for a town where farming was of so Httle moment, and the manufacture of lumber almost the only resource. After several years of almost total in- action the idle wheels began to turn and the manufactur- ing interest began to recuperate. Heretofore the busi- ness of the Milford mills had been largely long lumber, but the hard times produced a change to short lumber. Shingles being especially in demand, machinery for manufacturing them was placed in the mills, and several Milford firms engaged quite largely m their manufacture. Although but a small part of the mill was in operation, quite a number of men were employed. The "Centen- nial" year, 1876, was one of the dullest years, but after this a gradual improvement took place. In 1877 there were six shingle machines in operation, and it was sup- posed the business of the town would be about the same as that of the previous year, but the burning of the mills at Oldtown, in June, 1878, made a decided change in the business condition of Milford. The entire mill was leased to the firms that had been sawing at Oldtown, and Milford presented its old-time appearance. The mills being in demand, the owners began to improve them and make such changes as would adapt them to modern ma- chiner)'. The mills were put in connection with the rail- road, and lumber ceased to be conveyed by water to market. The year 1878 made a great change in the political condition of Maine. For more than twenty years the Republican party had held complete control of the State, and Milford had rolled up large majorities for that party. The Greenback party now developed immense strength, and uniting with the Democratic party succeeded in wresting the State from the Republicans. The vote in Milford this year was tie on the candidates for Governor, the Republican party and the Fusion party each polling seventy-one votes. In 1879 business in all departments continued to im- prove and there was employment for all the labor of the town at fairly remunerative prices. The next year, 1880, was one of great prosperity. It witnessed a general revival in all branches of business and especially in lumber. A sharp and sudden advance in the price of lumber put every lumberman in the best possible humor. The saws were run to their full capac- ity and the only drawback was the long and extreme drought. This was the year of the Presidential election, and in Milford the Republicans made a decided gain from two years before, carrying the town by thirty-five majority. Another event of some importance to the citizens of the town took place this year, the water-power mills and seventeen thousand acres of land within the limits of the township being sold by the proprietors, the Milford Mill Company, to a new company, known as the Milford Land and Lumber Company, for $85,000. On the land was a large amount of valuable timber which the new party proceeded to cut largely. They also made large improvements in the mills, putting in a new circular saw and otherwise increasing the capacity of the mill. The new firra is composed of Joseph R. Bodwell, Francis Cobb, W. H. Maling, J. W. Bodwell, and others, and it is to be hoped they design other improvements that will add largely to the business of the place. Owning a water-power equal to and superior to that of many of the largest manufacturing cities of the county, they have only to develop it to a limited extent to reap a rich harvest for themselves and to make for Milford an important place among the manufacturing centres of the State. The first year of their ownership has made a great change in the appearance of the town. More men are employed than ever before, and the general condition is one of thrift and prosperity. Perhaps the Hveliness of the present year is the har- binger of better things, and in the near future the natural advantages of Milford for manufacturing purposes may be utilized, and the town commence a new career of growth and business activity. HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAlNfi. 909 SKETCHES OF SETTLERS. George N. Gerrish is the son of Amasa S. and Mahala T. Gerrish, of Milford. Amasa Gerrish was a native of Milford, his father, Nathaniel Gerrish, being one of the