Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924030909844 THE BATTLE-FLAG OF THE REGIMENT. . (Preserved in the Archives at Albany.) THE I • STORY OF A REGIMENT A Record of the Military Services OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEER INFANTRY IN THE War of The Rebellion 1861-1865 BY GILBERT FREDERICK, D. D. Late Captain 57TH N. Y. V. I. Published by The Fifty-Seventh Veteran Association 1895 06 A,5?HH5 COPYRIGHT, 1895. BY GILBERT FREDERICK. printers: C. H. Morgan Co., CHICAGO, DEDICATION. To THE Veterans who Were Worthy Actors TRAGIC DRAMA OF THE REBELLION ; To Their Sons and Daughters; To Their Children's Children; AND TO All Who Love The Faithful, The True, AND The Brave, this book is RESrECTFULLY DEDICATED. PREFACE. History isarecord of how thoughts, human and divine, have worked themselves out into deeds and how these deeds have slowly developed into permanent, perhaps, far reaching results. History is useful, however, other- wise than as a mere record of past events, since its thoughts, deeds and results come to be a guide for the conduct of the future. Especially is this true concerning heroic deeds performed in the service of a common humanity, such for example as is found written on the following pages, since it is the heroic that creates heroes, and of true heroes the world is always greatly in need. We make no apology, therefore, for giving to the world this account of the services of a regiment whose valor is attested by the dead it has left on many battle- fields and by the scars of honorable warfare yet carried by a living remnant of its once numerous host. The performance of the task herein completed has been a labor of love, extending through many years, and occupying the spare moments of a busy life. For valuable and in many instances indispensable assistance, vi PREFACE. cheerful acknowledgment is here made: to George \V. Taylor for originally suggesting the undertaking and collecting much material for its accomplishment; to Robert H. Fargue for a detailed and very correct account of movements and transactions; to Michael Cash for a full record of parts of the service; to O. F. Middleton for much information concerning battles and persons; to Dennis Farrell for reminiscences; to R. G. Russell for an extended personal history; to J. C. Paine, G. W. Jones, J. T. Commoss and C. W. Hamlin for the loan of books, documents and letters; also to many other comrades for incidents and helps, some of which will find due acknowl- edgment later on. The writer wishes here to record the names of the Committee of Publication appointed b}' the Fifty-Seventh Veteran Association, namely, J. C, Paine, A. P. Fiske, E. L. Palmer, R. S. Alcoke, O. F. Middleton -and J. T. Commoss, also to thank them for many valuable suggestions and much needful encouragement. The frame- work of this history is built up from numerous letters written by the author during the war, containing careful statements of marches, battles, incidents and descriptions. It has been very gratifying to find that the dates given in these letters accord with those found in the best manuscripts of comrades, while these same dates are often incorrectly given in various published documents, both state and national. If therefore some of the dates and declarations of this book do not agree with similar ones to be found elsewhere it is more than likelj' that those herein given are corrections rather than errors. PREFACE. vii It is, however, neither claimed nor expected that no errors have crept into these pages, indeed no human work can rise to such perfection, yet it is sincerely hoped that such errors as may be found will be few and unimportant. It has been the aim to incorporate herein every important reference to the regiment that can be found in war histories, in reports and in state documents. It has also been a studious purpose that the fair fame of so noble a body of men should not be marred by the over fulsome praise of one of its own, so the writer has mostly allowed t soldierly qualities and heroic deeds to be their own praise or has reproduced words of praise from disinterested spectators. We frequently hear it said that men who did good service in the late war have since done nothing but praise themselves. We hardly need to say that the following pages have been written with no such mean intent, but rather, to furnish a connected account of the beginnings, campings, marchings, fightings, sayings and doings of a regiment most honorably known in the annals of war as the Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteer Infantry. Chicago, Ili,. , October, 1895. CONTENTS. Chapter I. Page. Introduction . . . . . . . i Chapter II. The Organization ... . ir August I2tb, 1861 to November 12th, 1861. Chapter III. Camp California . . .... ... 25 November 28th, 1861 to March 2nd, 1862. Chapter IV. Manassas . . 38 March 10th, 1862, to July rst, 1862. Chapter V. Fair Oaks . 51 May 31st, 1862, to June 25th, 1862. Chapter VI. Seven Days Battles ... 66 June 26th, 1862, to July ist, 1862. Chapter VII. Harrison's Landing and Maryland 75 July 1st, 1862, to September i6th, 1862. Chapter VIII. Antietam . . . .... 87 September 17th, 1862, to September 19th, 1862. Chapter IX. Sharpsburg to Falmouth ... . .... 104 September 20th, 1S62, to December loth, 1862. X CONTENTS. Chapter X. Fredericksburg 114 December nth, 1862, to December 15th, 1862. Chapter XI. Winter at Fai living heart and hearth all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." So also after the great armies had taken the field most people thought the war would soon end in compromise or in defeat. Army reports issued during the Peninsula Campaign furnish a remarkable confirmation of this fact. General McClellan wrote to Secretary of War, Stanton, from Williamsburg, May 7th, 1862, saying, "I am satisfied that we have one or more desperate battles to fight before we gain possession of Richmond," and a little later he writes, "The final and decisive battle is at hand." To those who stood in the riflepits at Petersburgh in the spring of 1865 and remembered Antietam and Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville and Gettysburg and the Wil- derness and Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor and Peters- burg, to say nothing of western battles, these statements of the then first general in the land causes wonderment, yet many thousands of people believed as did General McClellan that the war would soon be over. CHAPTER II. THE ORGANIZATION. AUGUST 12TH TO NOVEMBER 12TH, 1861. J HE Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteer In- fantry was formed by the union of several organizations which had been recruited in different parts of New York state, under special authority from the war department at Washington, D. C. Five of these sep- arately recruited bodies made up the final composition of the new regiment. Much the largest of these was known as ' ' The National Guard Rifles" or as " Zook's Voltigeurs." It was recruited under the direction of Samuel K. Zook, who already was a Colonel of State Militia and had served as military governor of Annapolis. It constituted companies A, B, C, D and E and was, as to number, nearly half the entire regiment. The second organization was called "The Clinton Rifles." It was recruited under J. A. Page, and formed companies, F, G and H. The third was named "The United States Voltigeurs," was en- 12 STORY OF A REGIMENT. listed under Albert C. Ramsey, ^nd composed com- panies I and K. The fourth bore the designation ot "Manhattan Rifles" and was recruited by Geo. W. Vanderbilt. These men seem to have been divided between companies A and E of Colonel Zook's detach- ment, as was also the fifth organization called "The Washington Zouaves," gathered by James H. Romain. Concerning the parts of the state in which these men were enlisted, it may be said, in general, that companies A, D, E, F and G, were gathered principally in New York city ; that company B came mostly firom about Utica ; company C, from Kings and lyCwis counties ; and companies H, I, and K, from Duchess county. As has already been intimated, however, the places here mentioned are but general designations. The fact is that nearly every section of New York state was represented by some person in the regiment, indeed other states besides New York are represented, and in some instances quite largely. Upon first enlisting, the volunteers were mustered in as state troops, after the medical examiner had reported favorably and the conditions as to age, etc. had been met, then came the muster into the United States service. The latter progressed as the various squads were ready for it, the time ranging between August 12th and November 12th, 1861. The numerical designation of the regiment was not received until October 19th, at which time also S. K. Zook, was ofiBci- ally appointed as its Colonel. The first regimental colors were presented by a SAMUEL K. ZOOK. Brevet Major-General U. S. Volunteers, THE ORGANIZATION. 13 committee headed by Chester A. Arthur, afterwards President of the United States, and were a gift from the Chamber of Commerce of New York City. The committee came down to camp and made the formal presentation to Colonel Zook in the presence of the regi- ment with all due form and ceremony. The recruiting of the regiment was done directly by those who were working for positions as officers in the several companies. For example, the man who was to be captain always promised and usually gave the highest positions in the company to those who raised the largest number of men, if lieutenants, sergeants and cor- porals, they recruited men in order to secure their several offices. The one hundred dollars bounty promised to those who would serve two years was the only money inducement offered by the government or state. Some little inducement may have been individually given, as in the important case of a man in Company D, who received the enormous inducement of two dollars and a pair of canvas shoes. The rendezvous of the regiment while recruiting was at New Dorp, Staten Island. Thither the squads wended their way, taking the boat at the Battery and crossing New York Bay. Here in rudely constructed barracks the men were housed and fed — a frightful change from the comforts and luxuries of home. This, however, mattered nothing, as even these sheds were known to be, for comfort and protection, far beyond what was soon to come in the open field of warfare. Then the novelty of the .situation was entertaining, for 14 STORY OF A REGIMENT. it took more and longer than this experience to wear away the new-born enthusiasm that had been beating within patriotic breasts. Soldier's Hfe had thus far been all romance, a gala day, with flags flying, crowds cheer- ing and women smiling. Save, perhaps, the heart-ache in moments of separation, all had been bustle and cheer. New comrades were comparing notes, showing pictures of mother, or wife, or sweetheart, telling of home and business and friends left behind, talking of positions promised them in their companies, lieutenantcies, ser- geantcies, etc., which turned out later to be like the morning cloud and the early dew that soon vanish away. People were constantly coming down from the city visiting Camp Lafayette, watching the drilling, talking with friends, giving "little presents of useful things for a soldier, or mementoes, or things to eat not on the bill of fare at the barracks. When off duty the boys would stroll around, get passes to the city, sing "John Brown's body " and other songs now on every one's lips. Day by day, however, duties became more frequent and laborious, drilling seemed to take all a man's time, discipline began to be exercised and order began to work itself out of confusion. The boys had so many different kinds and colors of uniforms that when in line they together looked like a crazy quilt. Awkward squads were numerous. "Shoulder arms!" said the drillmaster. "Oi will," said the recruit, as he laboriously hoisted his musket on top of his right shoulder. " Stand erect! " is the next command, whereupon every man swells out his abdomen to its fullest tension. " Mark time, march!" THE ORGANIZATION. 15 " Hip ! " " hip ! " " hip ! " I^ong legs and short legs , little feet and big feet; will they ever, ever step together? The hardest man in the regiment to be taught was a short young Irishman who knew it all and whose movements were like those of a jack-in-a-box. He had evidently often gone through the manual of arms with a broom stick before an admiring audience in his back alley. The officers and sergeants of the regiment are given in the first muster roll, as follows, the year in each case being 1861. Colonel — Samuel K. Zook, aged 40, enrolled October 19th. Lieut. -Colonel — ^John A. Page, 2S, July 1st. Major — Philip J. Parisen, 37, September 27th. STAFF. Adjutant — Alex. P. Fiske, aged 27, enrolled October 21st. Quartermaster — Jas. McKibbon, 23, September 24th. Surgeon — G. H. Leach, 39, November 2d. Assistant Surgeon — Robt. V. Mc Kim, 2 I.September 27th. Chaplain— Abraham Piatt, 56, October 29th. COMPANY "a." Captain— A. B. Chapman, aged 26, enrolled August 20th. First Lieutenant— Henry H. Mott, 31, September 9th. Second Lieutenant — Francis Covert, 28, August 20th. First Sergeant— John S. Paden, 23, August 20th. Second Sergeant — Henry H. Cooper, 25, August 20th. Third Sergeant— H. M. Brewster, 21, August 18th. Fourth Sergeant— Ernest Bauer, 24, August 20th. Corporals, 8; Musicians, 2. Total, 86. i6 STORY OF A REGIMENT. COMPANY "B." Captain— N. G. Throop.aged 26,enrolled September 20th. First Lieutenant— Jas. C. Bronson, 24, September 12tli. Second Lieutenant— George W.Brown,30, September 15th. First Sergeant— George Mitchell, 18, September 26th. Second Sergeant— Chas. Savage, 30, October 15th. Third Sergeant — Edmund R. Halstead. Fourth Sergeant— Wm. S. Stockwell, 22, September 20th. Corporals, 8. Total, 92. COMPANY "C." Captain- B. F. Gott, aged 27, enrolled October 16th. First Lieutenant— John H. Bell, aged 23, September 28th. Second Lieutenant — None. First Sergeant— Melville Kelsey, 29, October 6th. Second Sergeant — Wallace Gott, 19, September 19th. Third Sergeant— G. Frederick, 19, September 23th. Fourth Sergeant— S. R. Snyder, 24, October 25th. Fifth Sergeant— S. G. Evans, 19, October 1st. Corporals, 5; Drummer, 1. Total, 43. COMPANY "d." Captain— J. W. Britt, aged 23, enrolled September 13th. First Lieutenant — Luther E. Hale, 22, September 13th. Second Lieutenant — John T. Webber, 28, September 13th. First Sergeant— O. F Middleton, 22, September 13th. Second Sergeant— J. W. White, 19, September 13th. Third Sergeant— Jas. R. Skinner, 20, September 13th. Fourth Sergeant— John McConnell, 19, September 13th. F-fth Sergeant— E. Starkweather, 21, September 13th. Corporals, 6; Musicians, 2; Wagoner, 1. Total, 73. THE ORGANIZATION. 17 COMPANY " E." Captain — J. E. Erickson, aged 43, enrolled September 21st. First Lieutenant — None. Second Lieutenant— Josiah M. Favill, 21, September 21st. First Sergeant — John Erickson, 20, September 21st. Second Sergeant — John Clark, 24, September 21st. Third Sergeant— H. Stuart, 30, September 12th. Fourth Sergeant- Peter Matthews, 22, September 12th. Fifth Sergeant -Chas. Risley, 40, September 12th. Corporals, 4; Musicians, 2. Total, 44. COMPANY " F." Captain — Charles McKay, aged 38, enrolled July 1st. First Lieutenant — None. Second Lieutenant — Wm. Reid, 24, July 22nd. First Sergeant— Augustus M. Wright, 25, July 24th. Second Sergeant— H. P. Doyle, 38, August Cth. Third Sergeant —John Hogan, 23, August 6th. Corporals, 4; Musicians, 1; Wagoner, 1. Total, 86. COMPANY " G." Captain— Wm. A. Kirk, aged 44, enrolled July 1, 1861. First Lieutenant— None. Second Lieutenant— Geo. W. Jones, 21, August 15th. First Sergeant— Paul M. Pou, September 15th, 1861. Second Sergeant— Geo. L. Burton, 28, July 22nd. Third Sergeant — Chas. E. Loomis, 22, September 10th. Corporals, 8; Musician, 1. Total, 82. i8 STORY OF A REGIMENT. COMPANY " H."— AS ON FEB. 1, 1862. Captain-Wesley Horner, Jr. .'"enrolled September 9th. First Lieutenant— John S. Warner, October 19th. Second Lieutenant— Henry H. Higbee, October 20th. First Sergeant— Edw. W Busby, September 16th. Second Sergeant —Thomas B. Sherman, September 17th. Third Sergeant— William H. Nichols, September 16th. Fourth Sergeant — Joseph F. Tower, September 17th. Fifth Sergeant —Charles Martyn, September 9th. Corporals, 6; Wagoner, 1. Total, 50. COMPANY " I." Captain — T. Saunders, aged 25, enrolled August 14th. First Lieutenant— J. C. Paine, 22, August 14th. Second Lieutenant — H. H. Folger, 21, August 14th. First Sergeant -W. E. Hall, 21, August 14th. Second Sergeant — W. F. Parkerton, 24, August 14th. Third Sergeant— E. L. Palmer, 21, August 14th. Fourth Sergeant — W. H. Morse, 20, August 14th. Fifth Sergeant— John Niles, 38, August 14th. Corporals, 8; Musicians, 2; Wagoner, 1. Total, 96. COMPANY " K. " Captain -A. J. LaVallie, aged 24, enrolled August 1st. First Lieutenant — Chas. B. Curtis, 33, August 28th. Second Lieutenant- Chas. H. H. Broom, 23, August 1st. First Sergeant — L. Sheridan, 23, August 13th. Second Sergeant — Chas. Monson, 24, August 7th. Third Sergeant— Martin V. B. Brewer, 25, August 29th. THE ORGANIZATION. 19 Fourth Sergeant— T. P. Pierce, 25, August 19th. Fifth Sergeant— T. C. White, 33, July 25. Corporals, 8; Musicians, 2; Wagoner, 1. Total, 99. The total number of Officers 87 The total number of Sergeants 42 The grand total of all is 757 We had been in Camp Lafayette two months or more when orders came to pack knapsacks and be ready to move at a moment's notice. It was on Tuesday after- noon, November 12th, 1861, that we made our first march as a regiment, a distance of about three miles from camp to the landing, where we embarked on the steamer KUl- Von-KuU. A multitude of friends had come down from the city and there were many sad and tearful good byes, notwithstanding the heroic attempts at laughter and good cheer. As the steamer left the wharf about 10 o'clock at night, the white handkerchiefs began to flutter and not until we were beyond individual recog^tion did they cease. The clear moonlight made the night almost as bright as day. Now, for the first time the face of the Fifty-Seventh was set away from home and towards the seat of war. Just a little now it began to seem that we were soldiers. Having steamed southerly around Staten Island to the New Jersey shore, we disembarked at Amboy, boarded a train of the Camden and Amboy railway and about midnight began to move toward Philadelphia, which place we reached at day dawn. This first night out had been one of great beauty. The air was full of 20 STORY OF A REGIMENT. . balm and the moon kept bright until the greater bril- liancy of the sun put out its light. Everybody was full of good spirits, and as few wanted to sleep those who would could not for the fun that was going on. The ladies of Philadelphia were up early and had breakfast ready by the time we had crossed the river. Of course all were hungry and ate voraciously, while the mirth and laughter were equal to a first class picnic. From the dining hall we marched to the railroad depot, and by four in the afternoon were in Baltimore, where supper was served. Before daylight the next morning, Thursday, November 14th, 1861, the train pulled into the city of Washington. At seven o'clock the regiment fell into line, and marched about a mile and a half in a north-easterly direction from the Capitol on the Bladensburg road, and went into camp near the toll-gate. This was Camp Wilder. The ground was wet and in places muddy from previous rains, a not very inviting bed for the first night out. To make matters worse there were but three tents to a company, and as darkness came on it began to rain and grow cold. This night was like the last in one respect, it was sleepless; but the cause was misery rather than fun. Now began that development of the law of self-preservation which so distinguished the veteran soldier and made him so superior to the untried recruit. The boys began to shift for themselves. One of them found a large box, partly filled with knapsacks, and taking off the cover he crawled inside, replaced the cover, burrowed out a comfortable place and slept for two nights as snug as a bug in a rug. Then a movement 22 STORY OF A REGIMENT. to higher ground deprived him of his accommodation at " Hotel de Box," as it was called, but a better supply of tents furnished comfortable quarters for all. As soon as everything got into running order at Camp Wilder, the discipline began to be of a true mili- tary kind. Hitherto things had been rather fi-ee and easy. Now army regulations began to be read at dress parade, and general orders were issued regulating the conduct of troops. The hours of the day were divided, each having its duty, regular attendance to which was strictly enforced. Drills were frequent, and occupied from six to eight hours each day. Sun rise roll calls began, gen- eral duty was abundant and fatigue details constant. A man could not leave camp without a pass and must return at the hour appointed thereon. Offences were punished with extra duty and fines. The private soldier received fi-om the Government as remuneration for his services, eleven dollars a month in money, a certain amount of rations, and clothing of good quality, though not of the finest broadcloth. I,ater the pay was raised to thirteen dollars per month. If he did not use all his allowance of clothing he drew its value in money. If he overdrew his allowance it was taken from his pay. We had con- siderable bread and fresh meat while at Washington, and the pork and "junk " was good for their kind: but with these we were not yet on very good terms. Sergeant Cash tells the following goose storj^ which occurred at Camp Wilder. It came suddenly into the minds of some of Company D boys that roast goose would be a desirable change from the monotony of hard tack and THE ORGANIZATION. 23 pork, a thought suggested by a straying flock of geese then in sight. When the flock went home that night one was missing. The loss, however, was not suspected by the owner even when a soldier brought it to her door, picked and dressed, and asked if she could cook it. She cooked it without charge, expressing a willingness to help the soldiers all she could. When, however, goose after goose disappeared from her flock the woman became fully aware that she had been roasting her own geese for the soldiers and complaint was made at headquarters. A search among the tents for goose feathers was abundantly successful, and several of the boys were reported for extra duty; among them Cash, O'Brien, Carroll and Far- rail. Of the first goose Captain J. W. Britt had a leg, a wing and some dressing, he having appeared suddenly at the tent where the fated goose was being devoured. If he ever had any suspicions as to the orthodoxy of that meal they were never divulged. No more invitations, however, were issued to gcwse dinners. While at Camp Wilder the boys got permission to go bathing in the Branch, but the water was so cold that many of them sufiered with chills and bowel troubles several days thereafter. Leave of absence was now and then granted to visit the city and was improved by sight seeing about the Capitol and public buildings. The dome of the Capitol was yet unfinished and the mammoth sec- tions of the Goddess of Liberty were lying around, head in one place, shoulders in another, and feet in still another, as though entirely unrelated. Pennsylvania Avenue, unpaved and dusty as a country road, was lined 24 STORY OF A REGIMENT. with dwellings and stores, many of which could be called shanties. Washington was essentially a southern city, without enterprise and improvements — a by-word and a reproach among the Nations. CHAPTER III. CAMP CALIFORNIA. NOVEMBER 28, 1861. TO MARCH 2, 1862. |n Thursday, November 28th, 1861, the Fifty-Seventh brpke camp and started for Virginia. At L,ong Bridge they were joined by the Fourth Rhode Island, the Fifty-Second New York and the Sixty- Sixth New York. These four regiments, forming a provisional brigade, crossed the Potomac singing " I wish I was in Dixie," and marched slowly westward five or six miles on the Columbia turnpike to Arlington Mills, a station on the Washington and Ohio railway. Here, near a brick yard, we bivouacked at midnight. It had rained all day, our clothes were wet and muddy, the ground soft and uncer- tain, yet we had slept some when at daylight the reveille sounded. The march was now southward five or six miles to what was afterwards called Camp California. It was reported that six thousand rebels had been reconnoi- tering the outposts of Washington and our approach warned them off. 26 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Col. Zook, being the senior officer, commanded this provisional brigade in its movement to the defences of Washington, but the orders received were vsfithout defi- niteness as to the roads to be taken and the promised guide with maps, directions, etc., did not put in an appear- ance. Enquiries were constantly made but proved of little use so the march was more like advancing in the presence of an enemy than like ordinary marching. The Colonel was guided by his judgment more than by his orders, but finally succeeded in reaching the proper des- tination. On this first considerable march the soldiers greatly overloaded themselves with baggage, as raw troops always do, but before they reached Camp California this personal property had considerably diminished, and the road was strewn with articles for wear and comfort, such as the soldier previously thought he could not live without. Had he been asked then to reduce his effects to the dimen- sions they afterwords voluntarily assumed it would have seemed to him impossible, or if possible, then ruinous. Camp California was under the shelter of Fort Worth and was two and a half miles from Alexandria. The Fifty-Seventh occupied a field lying between Fairfax turn- pike, the Orange and Alexandria railroad and Cameron Run. An entire division of troops was eventually gath- ered in this general locality, and designated Sumner's division, being under the command of General Edwin V. Sumner, to whom here we had our first introduction. It was on December 1st, 1861, that Camp California began ai career which was not terminated until March 10th, 1862. CAMP CALIFORNIA. 27 When it became evident that this spot was to be home for the winter, streets were laid out in military fash- ion, each company being assigned to its place. Then began the pitching of tents, the pairing of comrades, the building of bunks, putting up clothes racks, making tables, and getting to rights for general housekeeping. The company cook furnished coffee, bean soup, boiled pork and salt beef, and the sutler sold pies, dried fruits, and other delicacies. Some of the boys had sheet iroji stoves which served for warming purposes, and having moveable ovens, these stoves gave opportunity for fancy cooking, on which some of the men prided themselves. The routine of soldiers' life as commenced at Camp Wilder, was continued throughout the winter with many additions of regimental and brigade drills and picketduty. General French, " Blinkey," as we used to call him, not out of disrespect, but because he always blinked his eyes in giving his commands, seemed to have a passion for brigade drills and would march the boys ' ' all over crea- tion ' ' until they were completely exhausted and then by way of resting them, would order an extra movement or two. Edsall's Hill, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, five miles from camp, was our place for outpost duty. The first duty here began December 2Cth, and, as usual thereafter, lasted about a week. On the second day of this first outpost duty Company C went out on a scouting expedition toward Fairfax Court House. The first point reached was Springfield station, on the railwaj^ eight mUes from Alexandria ; the next was Aniiandale, on the l^. , ^i^j;taii!a,,2SJiii.iiaA.li:iiiiBiiiililliii CAMP CALIFORNIA. 29 Fairfax turnpike, and then a point on the turnpike within three miles of Fairfax Court House. Here, after lunch- ing, we came to a farm whose barns were well stocked with fowl and tempting fruit. Manj- spirits of good chickens entered that day into the birds' heaven and were accompanied thither by a number of fat pigeons. These depredations were not strictly according to army orders, and were protested against by the owner of the farm, but as the ofl&cer in command did not forbid, the boj's took the chickens and left the responsibilitj'. This conduct, however, did not please all who were in the party, and when volunteers were called to go out and drive in a lot of cattle from the hills beyond, Dan. Vaughan, Mark Lee, Geo. Taylor and a dozen others protested that they ' ' did not enlist to rob henroosts and steal cattle. ' ' Some of the men, however, went out and brought in the cattle, and drove them all the wa}- back to EdsaU's HUl, but the outposts there refused to let them pass through the Unes. It is supposed that the cattle being thus let alone went back home carrying their tails behind them. During this same expedition, there occured a very amus- ing incident and one which was turned, perhaps not alto- gether justly, to the discredit of the ofl&cer involved. This ofl&cer, with a squad of his company was just emerg- ing from a woods when suddenly men on horseback appeared in their front. The command was immediately given to ' ' Rally in the woods, ' ' and it was a proper pre- caution until it could be ascertained how manj' cavalry- men there were and to which army they belonged. As it turned out, however, that there were only three of them, 30 STORY OF A REGIMENT. and they our own Major and his attendants, the boys could hardly help looking upon the whole affair as a great joke, and you may be sure they made the most of it. For weeks thereafter, the camp rang with ' ' Rally in the woods," indeed, it was months before it wholly ceased. Standing guard at Edsall's Hill furnished illustra- tions of the vividness of the human imagination. A post on the brow of the hill looked down on the clump of trees made bare of leaves by the winter frost. The sparrows making their home in these trees are often restless at night, and gave occasion for all kinds of suppositions on the part of the sentinel. More than once the gun was cocked and the trigger about to be pulled, because of the supposed approach of the enemy. In the dead stillness of the night when one is alone on the outer line, the least noise travels far and sounds near ; the very atmosphere seems to rustle the trees, and shrubs turn into armed men moving to the attack, and the stirring leaves into advancing skirmishers creeping cautiously upon the unwary sentinel. There is no limit to the power of the imagination under conditions like these. During the third week in January it rained, hailed or snowed every day, indeed, it sometimes succeeded in accomplishing these three performances on the same day. It was exceedingly disagreeable to be out of doors at all, but especially so, to get out to sunrise roll-call. The latter in fact was a very unpleasant task in the very best of weather and frequently only by stretch of imagin- ation could some of the boys be called dressed when their names were read, the great-coat covering a multitude of CAMP CAIvIFORNIA. 31 short comings. It would cause great merriment when it happened, as it often did, that a name would receive the response, "Here," from a distant tent door, out of which the respondent was scarcely emerging. The weather was so cold this winter that it was quite difficult at times to keep warm at night. £rasiers of hot coals were sometimes kept in the tent to moderate the temperature. One morning a tent of Company A was discovered unopened, and on examination its occupants were found to be sti£F and unconscious from breathing coal gas during the night. Six persons on the same morning were found in this condition, but revived on coming into the fresh air. The first pay received was on January 25th, and included all that was due from the date of enlistment up to January 1st, 1862. Occasionally new recruits were received from New York, twenty at one time, were distributed among the companies. The boys often went to Alexandria on passes, some times to attend church, sometimes for recreation, sometimes to get liquor. The guard house usually contained one or more of the latter class. The story is told of one who was an almost constant dweller there, that upon receiving a new comer he sug- gested that it would be a good thing to clean up the tent a little. This suggestion did not meet with the cheerful assent it deserved, but it did lead to a controversy and a fight. The constant occupant insisted that the new comer should do his part, and the latter insisted that ht would not. Then began a running fire of "You will !" 32 STORY OF A REGIMENT. and " I won't !" " But you will !" " But I won't !" and the fight began. They chased each other around the tent, rolled on the floor in each others embrace and finally pulled the tent down upon their heads. When extricated from the debris and called to account, the regular inhabi- tant, explaining the matter, concluded with the remark that ' ' while men in the guard house were living like pigs, there could be no discipline in the camp." Such dis- course on discipline, from such a person, and under such circumstances, was somewhat ludicrous, to say the least. Religious services were held on Sundays and some- times during the week. Chaplain Piatt and others con- ducting them. A committee canvassed the regiment for subscriptions to purchase a chapel tent. The sum of $125.50 was raised, the tent bought and put up, but one sermon only was preached in it before orders came to move. After that we never saw either the tent or the Chaplain. An encouragement to tidiness in dress, and the proper care of gun and accoutrements was ofEered in special camp guard service. It thus came to be a sign of honor to be placed upon certain posts in camp, anci was therefore much sought after. Boxes containing clothing, eatables, etc. , were constantly finding their way to camp from friends at home, and these greatly relieved the monotony of the army bill of fare. The strength of the regiment on February 6th, was 712, and there were twenty-one reported sick. The mortality in the regiment from sickness was not as great as in most of the regiments near. Mark Lee, CAMP CALIFORNIA. 33 and one or two others died of typhoid fever, but in the Sixty-Sixth New York there were fifteen deaths. Fevers were quite prevalent because the camp was low and the drainage difBcult. But not all were sick who pretended to be. Human nature showed at its worst and also at its best in the army. A private of Company D, growing weary of fatigue and night duty, ' ' got religion ' ' and was taken as a servant by the Chaplain. Here he remained until one of those unfortunate circumstances occurred when ordinary language seems inadequate to the occasion and he swore. It was no stammer, as of a new hand, but a long pent up volcano bursting with fire and fiame, resistless, regardless. For so slight a backsliding he was dismissed by the Chaplain and sent to his company. He was too sick for duty, however, and in the dead of night had a fit. Dr. McKim was called out of a warm bed and through the snow to see him. Not finding anjrthing the matter the Doctor thought he wpuld make something, and at the same time get even with the pretender for dis- turbing his rest. After giving one large dose of nasty medicine he ordered his stomach rubbed vigorously, and this was done by two comrades who were in the secret — and it was well done. Sore on the outside and sick on the in, the man began to mistrust that his fraud was dis- covered, and when a second dose of medicine was ordered he jumped from his bed and ran out of the tent amid the uproarious laughter of the spectators. Not yet; how- ever was the doctor through with his patient, for the very next day the poor sick man was seen walking the rogues' beat carrying a banner on which was this legend, ' ' I am a shirk." 34 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Changes had been going on among the officers of the regiment during the early part of this year. lyieutenant- Colonel John A. Page was discharged Februarj'- 1st, leav- ing a vacancy which was filled by Philip J. Parisen, promoted from the position of major. To the vacant mayorship was promoted Captain Alfred B. Chapman, of Company A, and H. H. Mott, First I,ieutenant of Com- pany A, was advanced to its captaincy. The previous November, Adjutant Alex. P. Fiske had been made Cap- tain, and had become Assistant Adjutant- General at brig- ade headquarters. To this vacancy Josiah M. Favill was promoted March 7th, 1862. Among the Surgeons Geo. H. lyeach resigned November 1st, 1861, and Robert V. McKim was advanced to Chief Surgeon. Henry C. Dean became Assistant Surgeon, and later was transferred to the One Hundred and Fortieth New York. Other promotions were of John S. Paden, February 8th, 1862, Paul M. Pou, February 3rd, 1862, and Wm. H. French, March 4th, 1862, each to First Lieutenant; Geo. Mitchell, January 24th, 1862, and George C. Case, February 3d, 1862, each to Second Lieutenant. Stephen R. Snyder's commission as First Lieutenant, dated March 19th, 1862. An affair that occasioned considerable sorrow and much bitterness was the shooting of Frank Proud of Com- pany I, by which he lost his arm. It was said to have been accidental, but by many was thought intentional. The latter explanation steadily gained credence until the one who committed the deed had to be transferred fi-om the regiment to prevent violence. Men in their quarrels CAMP CALIFORNIA. 35 would sometimes threaten to shoot each other, but when their passions cooled they seldom thought of carry- ing out their threats. Sometimes men would declare their intention of shooting an officer in the next battle, but when the battle came they would have all they could do to take care of themselves. It is quite improbable that such a thing was ever accomplished in any regiment, but in the Fifty-Seventh it certainly never was. In the following pass to Alexandria the reader can substitute his own name, and recall pleasant memories: Head-Quarters., 3D Brigade, Sumner's DnrisioN. Camp California, Feb. 4, 1862. The guards will pass the bearer, J. T. Commoss, to and from Alexandria, on private business. By order of S. K. ZOOK, Colonel. Commanding Brigade. A. J. La Vallie, Cnpt. and A. D. V. A. A. A. a. This is an exact copy of a pass preserved from the date mentioned, and now in possession of the person whose name it bears. There was an Examining Board in the. Division, of which General Howard was President, which ordered officers before it for examination. The order seems not to have been compulsory, yet if an officer passed the examination his promotion was sure and quick. I,ieut. Jones seems to have been the only officer in the Fifty- 36 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Seventh who sought this trial, and he, passing it success- fully, was put on the list for promotion when an opening offered. Orders from the War Department, dated March 13th, 1862, classified the army of the Potomac into Corps. General Sumner was given command of the Second, and in this Corps his old troops formed the First Division which was put under command of General Israel B. Rich- ardson. The Fifty-Seventh found itself in the Third Brigade of the First Division, still under General Wm. H. French. The following enumeration of Regiments and Com- mands in the First Division of the second corps will serve to reCall names once familiar, but now nearly forgotten. There were two divisions in the corps. First Division — Second Army Corps. Brigadier General Israel B. Richardson, Commanding. FIRST BRIGADE. Brigadier General Oliver O. Howard, Commanding. Fifth New Hampshire, Colonel Edward E. Cross. Sixty-First New York, Colonel Spencer W. Cone. Sixty-Fourth New York, Colonel Thomas J. Parker. Eighty-First Pennsylvania, Colonel James Miller. SECOND BRIGADE. IRISH BRIGADB. Brigadier General Thomas Francis Meagher, Commanding. Sixty-Third New York, Colonel John Burke. t Sixty-Ninth New York, Colonel Robert Nugent. Eighty-Eighth New York, Colonel Henry M. Baker. MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM H. FRENCH. CAMP CALIFORNIA. 37 THIRD BRIGADE. Brigadier General William H. French, Commanding. Fift3'-Second New York, Colonel Paul Frank. Fifty-Seventh NewYork, Colonel Samuel K. ZooJi. Sixty-Sixth New York, Colonel Joseph C. Pinckney. Sixty-Third Pennsylvania, Colonel John R. Brooke. ARTILLERY. Captain George W. Hazzard, Commanding. Battery B, First New York, Captain Pettit. Battery G, First New York, Captain Frank. Battery A, Second Battalion, New York, Captain Hogan. Batteries A and C, Fourth United States, Captain Hazzard. This division, on the first day of April numbered 8,010 present for duty, and 1,039 absent. In the Corps there were 21,553 oflScers and men. On the ninth day of March the camps of the entire corps were all excitement as orders had come to send the sick to Alexandria, to pack knapsacks with such thing.'' as would not soon be needed, including surplus clothing, and be ready to march on the morrow. The knap- sacks were to be left in charge of the Quartermaster and a change of clothing to be carried in the haversacks. It was a busy day. Many things were sent home and quan- tities of household comforts thrown away. CHAPTER IV. MANASSAS. MARCH lOTH, TO JULY 1ST, 1862. )|N Monday, March 10, 1862, at two o'clock in the- morning, the call was sounded and the Army of the Potomac roused from sleep with orders to march at daylight. Three days rations and 'sixty rounds of cartridges were issued to each man, blankets and shelter tent were rolled together length- wise, thrown over the right shoulder and the ends joined under the left arm. The haversacks were filled with the rations and such articles for the toilet as could find room. At the appointed time all^was ready, and the moments of waiting for the word to move were spent in taking a last look at the old camp. It is not un- natural that we were loath to leave a place which had be- come so much a part of ourselves, a spot where we had become so nearly a part of the soil. Soon the expected order came to "fall in" and the regiment filed out and took its place in the column. MANASSES. 39 As we started the clouds also started, it not only be- gan to rain, but it continued to rain. The tramping of many feet soon kneaded the soil into dough, and then into slush, and the troops waded, sometimes knee deep, through mud and mire. All day long with laborious steps the march continued until, at sunset, near Fairfax Court House, all lay down upon the soaked earth, too weary and wet for refreshing sleep. At daylight a hurried breakfast was followed by an inspection of arms and the column pushed on through Fairfax Station to Sang- ster's Station, where the second night was spent. On the following day Union Mills was reached, and the third night spent on the Bull Run hills. Many of the boys, unused to gauging rations, con- sumed their three days' allowance in two days or less, and went hungry thereafter, except as they were able to beg from others who had been more saving. After stack- ing arms a detail was made of ten men from each comp- any and sent with the Major to explore the deserted rebel camps. They found provisions in abundance: crackers, pork, rice, dried apples, peanuts and sugar, also coffee pots, kettles, frying pans, and cups. The hungry boys did not wait to say grace, but filled themselves at once. A hogshead of sauer krout, heads in and heels out, is one of the blessed memories of this expedition. It was forenoon of the next day that the Third Brigade pushed on to Manassas, entering that strong-hold of the enemy with flags unfurled and bands playing Yankee Doodle and Star Spangled Banner. MANASSES 41 It was hoped atid expected that there would now be a little time for rest but it was not so to be with our regi- ment, at least, for it was immediately detailed to support the brigade of Stoneman's Cavalry in a reconnoisance to Cedar Run. Moving at daylight, the line of march was along the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, but as the bridges over Broad and Kettle Runs had been burned away, detours had to be made down the high embank- ments, through the stream and into the soft soil of plowed ground where each step sank to the knee. Five miles from Manassas the rebel out-posts were driven in and for ten miles beyond the fires of the retreating pickets were passed, until the enemy was_ found in force behind Cedar Run. The regiment now divided into four parts, each part taking a separate position so as to give the appear- ance of a brigade, and fires were built along the line — a difficult task when every stick of wood was soaked with water, yet accomplished by carrying coals from fire to fire. Captain Chapman was ordered to take his company and drive on a cavalry picket stationed beyond a hill, which he succeeded in doing, following them to the Run where they crossed. Shots were exchanged but perhaps without hurt to any. The day following, an advance was made by the rebel cavalry and the Fifty -Seventh was formed in battle line on the brow of a hill with Stoneman's Cav- alry in the rear. They did not seem inclined to attack this line, and soon returned across the stream again. Sergeant John Niles, of Company I, is said here to have fired the first shot ever fired at a rebel from our regiment. The object of this reconnoisance had now been 42 STORY OF A REGIMENT. accomplished and the march back to Manassas was be- gun. Then it began to rain again and the rain did its worst; down, down, down it came, but we were getting somewhat used to rain and were learning to protect our- selves from its worst efifects. The walking between the rails was not bad, but when we had to turn out for the broken bridges it did seem as though we would be buried alive in the mud. The third bridge on the return hung by a single rail over a chasm of fifty feet and the water below was waist deep, in places up to the arm pits. The boys looked long at the broken bridge and then at the stream below, trying to decide which route to take. Nearly all waded the stream, but some ventured on the single rail, one man crossing thus missed his footing and scarcely saved himself from death by catching a swinging tie. On reaching Manassas we got into the vacant huts, built large fires, stripped and dried our soaked clothes, and lay down to a night of solid rest. The next day was ' Sunday, March 16th, and the Third Brigade fell back to Bull Run, only to return again on Monday. During this reconnoisance to Cedar Run the other regiments of the brigade remained at Manassas, and the Second Corps occupied the Bull Run fortifications. General Stoneman, who was in command of the ex- pedition sent a special note to the Fifty-Seventh, highly complimenting its officers and men for their energy in overcoming the difficulties of the march, and for their bravery in the presence of the enemy. This greatly pleased the boys, as they had never been under fire be- fore and were not entirely sure that their conduct was of MANASSAS. 43 the proper sort. It was practice in the art of war, limit- ed indeed, but of the same quality that goes to make up larger campaigns. The marching was among the hardest, the experience in fighting was to come later. A letter of Captain Chapman speaks of Stoneman's complimentary note as ' ' most flattering ' ' and as ' ' pronouncing our regi- ment one of the best in the service. ' ' We append Colonel Zooks' report : HEADQUARTERS FIFTY-SEVENTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. Manassas Junction, March 18th, 1862. Sir. — On the 14th instant, about 9:30 a. m. this regiment marched with a brigade of cavalry, all under the command of Brigadier- General George Stoneman, via the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to Cedar Run. The march was rendered somewhat tedious and diflicult by having nothing better than the ruins of burned bridges upon which to cross at Broad and Kettle Runs. At 6:30 p. m. we arrived at a point about a mile and a half east of Cedar Run, where the enemy had driven back a small force of the Sixth Cavalry. General Stone- man here ordered me to send two companies to drive in their pickets. I ordered out companies A, Captain Chapman on the south side of the road, and H, Captain Horner, on the north, under the command of Major Parisen. Advancing as skimishers, they drove the enemy before them in the dark to the west end of the run. Here a portion of Captain Chapman's company, becoming exposed by the light of some burning cars on the road, received a few shots from the enemy, which were promptly returned, but with what effect is not known ■ further than the enemy retreated beyond the hills. About midnight Lieutenant Reid, of company F with twenty men, returned to the regiment. He had been sent forward with Lieutenant Brower from the vicinity ot Bristoe Station in the morning. He reported having seen the enemy's scouts at a distance several times during the day. In the morning General Stoneman ordered the 44 STORY OF A REGIMENT. whole regiment forward to Catletts Station. Two com- panies, B and I, under Throop and Lieutenant Mott, being deployed in advance as skirmishers, continued their march to the run. Shortly after Major Parisen was sent to assume command of them. They had arrived but a short time when small parties of the enemy appeared on the opposite bank. The orders of the general prohibited firing except m reply to fire. But little time, however, was lost in con- sequence, for they soon commenced firing upon both companies. Their fire was promptly and effectually re- turned, two or three of their saddles being emptied. The general's object having been accomplished the regiment retired. The skirmishers were drawn in as a rear guard, and the whole command commenced a march to this place. The return marcli was severe on account of the incessant rain and bad condition of the roads, the difficulty in recrossing Broad and Kettle Runs was in- creased by the rapid rise of the water. At the former the ruins were swept away whilst two men yet remained to cross. There was no alternative but to leave them behind, but both have since come in. Very respectfully, j'our obedient ser\'ant, S. K. ZooK, A story is told in connection with this expedition to Cedar Run that illustrates what a terrible temptation to a soldier living on pork and hard tack is the sight of a chicken. Before leaving Manassas General Stoneman encouraged us by saying he had chosen our regiment to go with his cavalry because he thought we could be de- pended upon in an emergency and would obey orders. He desired that a good impression be left on the country through which we passed, especially in regard to foraging. On the march, however, as the general rode along he saw a man in company I with a chicken hanging from his shoulder. " Young man " said the general, " Where did MANASSES. 45 you get that hen ?' ' After the usual salute the man re- sponded " Bought it of a man in Company A." The hen was traced to the Company A man, thence to a man in Company B, then to a man in Company C and then to a man in Company K who said he bought it of a man in the Sixty-sixth regiment at Manassas. General Stone- man was sharp enough to see the point of all this and good natured enough to say ' ' If you men fight as well as you forage we will go straight through to Richmond." About this time General McClellan issued his order calling upon the troops to endure hardships cheerfully, to be prompt in obedience and courageous in battle, as all these things would be necessary to success in the summer's campaign. When this order was read at dress parade three cheers were given for General McClellan, three for General Stoneman and three for Colonel Zook. Manassas and the Bull Run Mountains were one mass of fortifications, embracing an area of four square miles. There were at least fifty different hills, each having its earth works. A wide level' plain south of Manassas and the valleys between the Bull Run hills were filled with huts, which were generally twelve feet square, built ot rough logs and roofed with split shingles, the fire-places and chimneys being of wood and mud. At the ruins of a burnt hospital was found a burnt body and at a creek fifty feet away were five bodies with their hands tied be- hind, giving every appearance of violence. The Manassas depot, a locomotive, several cars, large quantities of camp equipage and commissary stores had been burned. Some fifty barrels of flour were unharmed and the boys had a 46 STORY OF A REGIMENT. feast of flour cakes. This stronghold gave every appear- ance of having been evacuated hastily, a result of the belief that our army was moving toward Fredericks- burg. From rebel Reports it appears that General Jack- son, who was in command, expected that 'McClellan would move toward Richmond by Fredericksburg, which, in his military judgment, was the best route for one army to take, as it covered Washington and was just as good a route for attack. With this judgment President Lincoln agreed and later General Grant's campaign was carried on along this line. General Jackson, therefore, fearing a quick movement to his right and rear, made all haste to get his army to Marye's Heights. The bad roads pre- vented his saving all his stores. There was great com- plaint at Richmond over the destruction of these stores and several generals were called upon to explain. General Richardson on March 19th, 1862, while at Manassas reported ' ' I have some information as to the position of General Jackson. He is northwest of Manassas Gap twenty-five miles and southwest of Win- chester, has 35,000 men and three batteries. At War- renton' Juncton are 5,000 men and one regiment of Stewarts Cavalry. At Rappahannock Bridge some 50,000. They are falling back since Friday last towards Fredericks- burg. We have this information from difierent intelligent persons both white and black." At the same time a rebel spy reported to General Jackson that our army be- tween Alexandria and Manassas numbered about 200,000. He also mentions the advance of the Fifty-Seventh with Cavalry to Cedar Run. It was told us by the inhabitants MANASSES. 47 that Manasses was a very unhealthy place, that about 20,000 southern soldiers had died there during the winter. March 25th, an advance toward Warrenton Junction was made, but the main army having ten days before began its return to Alexandria, were embarking for the Peninsular, so we too were ordered back. Taking the cars at Fairfax Station and stopping over night at old Camp California, we came into possession of our knapsacks again but found that some one had made free to examine their contents and help themselves to such articles as they happened to want. The thief could not be dis- covered and the quartermaster seemed not to be blamable so the men consoled themselves with that oft expression, ' ' Why did I go for a soldier?' ' This sentence came later to be an army classic. Its power to "soothe one's sor- rows and heal one's woes" was never failing. It meant that the soldier had voluntarily enlisted, that hardships were a part of his occupation and were therefore not a matter for complaint. Indeed there was nothing more marked in the entire range of the Union Soldier's experi- ences than the recuperative power by which he arose above discouragements and revived after defeat. Such a soldier will never stay whipped if ever he can be called whipped. In this respect he was greater than Napoleon, for Napoleon while a master in strategy and a cyclone in action was nerveless in defeat. Paul Jones was his opposite, for his most signal victories came when he was fairly defeated. There is a difference between being whipped and being defeated. After one night at Camp California the regiment 48 STORY OF A REGIMENT. marched to Alexandria and, the following morning the 4th of April, embarked on the steamer 'Ariel for Fortress Monroe. The day's ride down the Potomac was another excursion full of pleasure. Passing Mount Vernon and other points of historic interest, the scenery was charm- ing with no signs of war to mar its general peace. At night, however, a different state of mind ensued. To find a plank that had a soft side was an unsuccessful search. The usual depressions found in the ground and utilized so readily for the hip and shoulder could not here be made, so there was nothing to do but lie first one side and then the other, until both sides became sore and then sit up. No one could walk around without tramping on something sensitive. The second night out the steamer lay off Fortress Monroe, but the next morning moved to Ship Point where we waded ashore. In the vicinity of Ship Point the regiment spent ten or more days building corduroy roads and repairing bridges and docks. At Cheeseman's I,anding a barrel of whiskey was discovered among some suttler's goods but, as whiskey was contra- band, the head of the barrel was knocked in, those who wished got into line and dipped each his cup carrying away what it would hold. Several drunks and some dis- orderly conduct followed this method of upholding the regulations against the importation of spirituous liquors. The experience with wagon trains coming up the Peninsula in the rain and mud is something worth record- ing. A Sergeant of Company C, who had charge, as ordnance Sergeant of the Third Brigade, of eight ammu- nition wagons, relates that a large part of the time was MAN ASSES. 49 Spent getting wagons out of holes. A road was terribly- cut up after a single train had passed over it, and what- ever followed had to dig its way through. The nearer they got to the Chickahominy the worse it became, and on the swamp land corduroy roads had to be made every step of the way. A wagon would get stalled and then came the usual attempt to get the mules to pull together, the snapping of the whip, the yelling of drivers, the prying of the wheels out of the hole with rails, the hitching on of an extra team, etc., etc. That wagon must move for it stops the whole train behind it. Sometimes it would take an hour to start it, sometimes ■ it would not start at all, then a road must be cut through the woods so that teams could go around. Advice is always cheap and abundant on such occasions, especially if troops are pass- ing, and especially if stragglers are crawling by. The latter usually sit down, being tired, and give advice, but they seldom take hold and lift. Colonel Zook, during a battle saw a lot of stragglers coming to the rear and said to them: "Where are you men going! " One of them an- swered: "We are all cut to pieces." The Colonel re- sponded: "There is a big lot of you left for having been all cut to pieces." These men along the road are "power- ful weak" as the colored people say, but they are never too tired to give advice. The enemy evacuated Yorktown on the 4th ot May, without a general engagement, and the battle of Williamsburg was fought on the fifth by the Third and Fourth Corps, the rebels falling back towards Richmond. Richardson's Division, which had been separated from 50 STORY OF A REGIMENT. the Corps, marched to Yorktown and beyond, but was ordered back to Yorktown, and took the boat up the river, landing at Elthan, some five miles above West Point. General McClellan's report says that Richard- son's Division was at Elthan on the 15th of May, and that it had rained, it was raining and would rain. CHAPTER V. FAIR OAKS. MAY 31ST TO JUNE 25TH, 1862. ^Y the 20th of May the Army of the Potomac had concentrated near the north bank of the Chickahominy River and on the 25th the Fourth Corps, under General Keyes, had crossed and taken a position at Seven Pines, within six mUes of Richmond. The Third Corps under General Heintzel- man also crossed, and these two corps constituted the left wing of the army. The centre and right wings, consisting: of three corps, remained on the north side of the river until the 31st. On that day at two o'clock, the enemy, having planned toattack the left-wing with overwhelming numbers and to drive it into the swamp before assistance could cross the swollen stream, began to swarm from the woods along the Wil- liamsburg Road and the battle of Fair Oaks was soon on in dead earnest. The heavy rains had so raised the river and flooded the swamp that it was very difficult to move 52 STORY OF A REGIMENT. men and nearly impossible to move artillery. Every- thing favored the success of the Confederate plan, indeed, only a miracle could save the left wing if Confederate orders were carried out. These orders were not fully carried out, as is usual in battle, and General Sumner, an old war horse, scenting the battle from afar, took in the situation instantly, marched his corps out of the camp north of the river, headed for the bridges and awaited the order he knew must soon come. It could not be expected that our left wing would hold long in check nearly the whole of the rebel army, and as the afternoon wore away and the fight became hotter it fell back, but yielded ground slowly, and finally took up new positions fi-om which it could not be dislodged. When Sumner received his orders to cross the river he hurried his men over the shaky bridges, and reached the field just in time to save the day. Richardson's division, which had been camped near the Tyler House, started about two o'clock in the after- noon of the 31st for the scene of action, crossing at Grapevine bridge, which was now submerged and partly swept away. It waded the stream, now about hajf a mile wide and in places up to the arm pits in depth. General Richardson dismounted and led the way, thus setting a good example to his men. About dusk a halt was made in the woods near Fair Oaks Station on the Richmond and York River Railroad and after dark posi- tion was taken forward in the clearing. A detail sent to ascertain whose pickets were in front captured one of the Louisiana Tigers, and Lee of Company K went to the next FAIR OAKS. 53 post and captured that also but he and his prize were both taken by the rebels before they reached our lines. That night we slept on our arms in a drizzling rain expecting an attack at any moment and were up before daylight to get ready for work. The first movement Sunday, June 1st, was by the Fifth New Hampshire, which passed to our left and formed line of battle along the railroad. We could now see the enemy in our front crossing the road beyond the station and going into position in the woods. Soon after we also moved to the left, crossed the railroad, advanced into the woods and halted near a creek, our right resting near the railroad. Here we were sitting on the ground or standing around when suddenly, like a clap of thunder, a volley from the Confederate lines threw the regiment into momentary confusion. We knew we were on the line of battle and expected, of course, that something would soon happen, but this was so sudden that some of the men and even officers forgot for the time which way a soldier should face in the presence of an enemy, a little mistake that cost one of&cer at least his commission. A private in his precipitate retreat fell into the railroad ditch, which on top was covered with brush but under- neath was full of water, and, with some difficulty, was fished out of the water by his comrades. This was our first battle and it is not strange that it took a Uttle time to get down to business. All kinds of reports were going the rounds. It was said we were within the enemy's line, that we were firing on our own men and some one gave the order to fall back. However the regiment held 54 STORY OF A REGIMENT. its ground and finally got into fighting trim, so that as line after line of the enemy advanced they were success- fully resisted and driven off. General French and Colonel Zook were omnipresent, directing the movements and ^^^' m POSITION OF FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. encouraging the men. Finally we moved a little by the left, swung around, took the enemy on the flank, drove him from his position and advanced without opposition until commanded to halt. This flank movement seemed to turn the fortunes of the day in our favor as no other FAIR OAKS. 55 attempts were made by the enemy to renew the conflict. The regiment was now moved about, first into a position to support the Irish Brigade, then in support of a battery and finally settled down again near the place where it had done its fighting. Much of the enemy's firing was wild, perhaps ours was no better. Part of their ammu- nition was buck and shot and a part rifle ball, the former did little execution. During the aft;ernoon and night the trpops on both sides were in a fever of excitement, one accidental shot would set off a whole line of musketry. Especially Was this true after dark when the men, trying to sleep, were awakened by the firing and imagined a night attack. Sleep was very fitful and sometimes a man would spring to his feet, grasp his gun, rub his eyes and find he was in a dream. Several times in the night orders were given to fall into line and the boys, expecting to advance, would examine their guns, see that everything was in shape for action, then be ordered to stack arms and lie down again. From three o'clock until daylight everybody stood in line to prevent a possible surprise. General Alexander S. Webb in his book on "The Peninsular Campaign" speaks of our part in the day's fight as follows: "On the morning of June 1st the enemy's cavalry with a line of infantry pickets was seen about 5 a. m. deploying in an open field on the right of the position held by General Richardson. About 6:30 a furious fire of musketry began from a distance of about fifty yards. Our men returned the fire with vivacity and the fire be- 56 STORY OF A REGIMENT. came the heaviest yet experienced, the enemy putting m fresh regiments five times. This lasted an hour and a half when, the enemy, unable any longer to bear the fire fell back, but in the course of half an hour renewed the FIELD HOSPITAL AT SAVAGE STATION. (I^ ^^"- ^4?.^. SUNKEN ROAD AND REBEL DEAD. several hours of fighting the Sunken Road, since known as ' Bloody Lane ' was in our hands, piled full of the Confederate dead who had defended it with their lives. Richardson had been mortally wounded and Hancock had been sent from Franklin's corps to command the division. Barlow had been conspicuous in the thickest 96 STORY OF A REGIMENT. of the fight and after a series of brilliant actions was ■carried off desperately wounded." F. W. Palfry in his account of the battle also makes honorable mention of the Fifty-Seventh. " Richardson's (First) division of the Second Corps comprised the brigades of Meagher, Caldwell and Brooke. It crossed Antietam at 9.30 on the morning of the 17th at the same ford where the other divisions of the corps had crossed it. It moved southward on a line nearly parallel to the stream. In a ravine behind the high ground overlook- ing Roulett's house, the command was formed, with Meagher's brigade on the right and Caldwell's on the left and Brooke's in support. Meagher's brigade ad- vanced nearly to the crest of the hill overlooking Piper's house, and found the enemy in strong force in the Sunken Road in its front. After some sharp fighting, with con- siderable loss on both sides, Caldwell's brigade was marched up behind it and took its place, the two brigades breaking by company, the one to the front and the other to the rear. Meagher's brigade went to the rear to re- plenish its cartridge boxes, and Brooke's brigade re- mained as a support to Caldwell. When the smart push on Kimball's left, before referred to, was made b}^ the Confederates, Brooke hurried into action three of his regiments, the Fifty-Second New York, Second Deleware, and Fifty-Third Penns}4vania, and they with some troops from the left of French's division, the Seventh Virginia and One Hundred and Thirty-Second Pennsyl- vania dislodged the eneni}- from the cornfield on their right rear. Brooke moved forward the Fifty-Seventh ANTIETAM. 97 and Sixty-Sixth New York. Caldwell and Brooke thus united pressed forward gallantly and gained possession of Piper's house.' This was the end of the serious fighting on this part of the line. Musketry fire ceased at about one p. m. Richardson, still holding Piper's house, with- drew his line to the crest of a hill, and at about the same time received a mortal wound. Hancock was placed in command of his division." Our losses in this battle were very severe. Besides Lieutenant-Colonel Parisen, Lieutenant H. H. Folger Company I was killed while in the cornfield. He was struck by a grape shot and instantly died. Lieutenant H. H. Higbee of Company H was killed while with- drawing to the hill. .Captains J. W. Britt, N. G. Throop, Lieutenants G. W. Jones and J. H. Bell were among the wounded. Three officers and sixteen men were killed during the battle and nine men died of wounds thereafter. Six ofiicers and sixty-four men were wounded. Three men were missing. The total loss was 101. This loss, nearly one-third, is the largest that came to the regiment from any previous or subsequent battle during the war. Yet we may not say that the loss proportionate to our numbers was greater since the strength of the regiment decreased constantly and later losses may represent a larger proportionate loss. J. E. Snyder of Company C took the prize at Antietam for the number of wounds received, he coming off the field with no less than three. General Winfield S. Hancock now comes upon the scene as our commander, a relation which he is to sustain until nearly the close of the war. He is called by Gen- 98 STORY OF A REGIMENT. eral McClellan from the command of a brigade in the Second Division of the Second Corps and put in charge of Richardson's division. General Sedgwick is taken from the Second Corps and given charge of the Sixth Corps. As darkness settles on the hills of Maryland the troops stack their arms on the lines where they have fought, unroll their blankets and lie down for the night. There was not so much noise as is usual after a battle and sleep therefore was less disturbed. Before daylight the next morning all were up and in line, awaiting an attack or orders to attack, but neither came. Breakfast was simple, a cup of cofiFee, some pork and a few crackers and still no move anywhere along the line. So it con- tinued all day and through the night. McClellan had decided to make a general advance at dajdight on the 19th, but as the skirmishers pushed forward they found that L,ee had retired across the Potomac. The following are the official reports of the action at Antietam. The total loss of 97 reported by Major Chapman was after- wards found to be 101. Camp Bolivar Heights. September 24th, 1862. Lieutenant: I have the honor to submit the follow- ing report of the movements of my command during the action of the 17th instant, near Sharpsburg. About noon of that day we became actively engaged with the enemy, our brigade having relieved that of General Meagher. This regiment and the Sixty-Sixth regiment received orders to march on the enemy who were at that time drawn up in a deep ditch at the foot of the hill on which we were, and from which they were pouring a galling fire into our ranks. Animated by the presence of both their brigade and division commanders, the regiment ANTIETAM. 99 moved forward with a determined enthusiasm I have never seen excelled. In a few minutes we had cleared the ditch of every living enemy and were driving them in great disorder through the cornfield beyond. It was during this period of action we lost our noble and gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Parisen and several valuable line officers. We took the colors of the Twelfth Alabama and many prisoners. I am unable to form a very correct estimate of the latter, but they considerably exceed the number of men in the ranks of my regiment. Remaining a short time in line at the farther end of this cornfield I received orders to move the regiment to the support of a battery on our left and rear. I filed around the foot of the hill under a terrible fire of grape and canister which fortunately caused us comparatively slight loss, being aimed too high. Arriving on the left of the battery, I found General Richardson who was in the act of assigning me my position when he was badly wounded and carried from the field. I then formed on the right of Caldwell's brigade and remained in that position until I received orders from the Colonel com- manding this brigade to form on the left of the Second Delaware, then posted on the hill on which we remained during the succeeding two days. It is with gratification that I speak of the general conduct of my command, both ofiicers and men. They acted nobly throughout. I would especially mention Captain N. Garrow Troop (severely wounded) ; Captain James W. Britt (wbo, although wounded, refused to leave the field ) ; Captains Kirk, Curtis and Mott; Lieut- enant John H. Bell (severely wounded). Lieutenants Jones, Wright, Higbee (killed) and Folger (killed). The medical officers of the regiment: Surgeon Robert V. McKim and Assistant Surgeons Henry C. Dean and Nelson Neely, are deserving of all praise for their care and atten- tion to the wounded and the promptness with which they caused them to be removed from the field. Among the enlisted men I would especially mention First-Sergeant Lindason of Company F (killed); First- Sergeant John S. Paden Company A (wounded) ; Sergeant H. W. Cooper Company H (killed); Sergeant Stobbe Company A (wounded), and Kelley Company A, First loo STORY OF A REGIMENT. Sergeants Hall Company I and Alcoke Company K and Sergeant Brower Company K. The last three I placed in command of companies which had lost officers and sergeants. I have considered it unnecessary to submit a more elaborate report, insomuch as every movement was made under the immediate supervision of the Colonel com- manding this brigade, who on that day seemed omni- present. We took into battle 309 officers and men and lost during the day 97 killed and wounded and three missing. A detailed list of the casualties has already been sent in. I am sir, with much respect, your obedient servant, A. B. Chapman, Commanding. Colonel John R. Brooke commanding Third Brigade in his report of the battle, speaks of the Fifty-Seventh thus : ' ' The enemy having taken post in a con)field in the rear of Roulett's farm house, 1 sent the Fifty-Third Pennsylvania to dislodge them and hold the position and this was done with great gallantry. I then advanced the Fifty-Seventh and Sixty-Sixth New York to relieve Caldwell's lines which were fiercely assailed bj' fresh troops of the enemy. Passing his line with steadiness and regularity, he drove the enemy from the field in great confusion, capturing two colors and covering the ground with dead and wounded. It was here the gallant Ivieutenant-Colonel Parisen fell, while bravety cheering his men on to victory. Lieutenant J. M. Favill, Adju- tant Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteers, after Lieut- enant Potts was borne from the field, supplied his place with great gallantry." General Hancock commanding the division refers to some, who, ' 'by their position and the occasions presented, had opportunities of acquiring the highest distinction and availed themselves thereof" and then mentions i *< I - 1 ■ i ■1 ll ■ 1 1 ■» 1 , : ( i ■ ■ ' i MAJOR-GENERAL ISRAEL B. RICHARDSON. ANTIETAM. loi Lieutenant-Colonel Parisen, Major A. B. Chapman and First-Lieutenant J. M. Favill. General McClellan in his report of the battle also refers to the Fifty-Seventh, saying that with associate regiments, "they now advanced with gallantry, driving the enemy before them in confusion into the cornfield beyond the Sunken Road. ' ' After the battle Major Davis buried 2,700 dead Confederate soldiers, others had been buried by the rebels themselves. The Adjutent- General of the army reports that "thirteen cannon, thirty-nine colors, upwards of 15,000 stand of arms and more than 6,000 prisoners were the trophies which attest the success of our armies in the battles of South Mountain, Crampton Gap, and Antietam. Not a single gun or color was lost to our army during these battles. ' ' The experience of a member of Company D is so realistic and has so many correspondences in the experi- ences of others that we reproduce it here. It was in the heat of the battle that a shell burst almost over his head and he was struck with a fragment of it in the right side of the neck and shoulder. It was not painful, he says, but produced rather a pleasant sensation as though he was flying through the air. This was due to the be- numbing feeling that comes with such a wound. He could not tell what had happened to hitn, but after a while felt as though there was a hole through his fore- head. Then came a feeling that he was about killed and must die. Several sinking spells followed, he thought of his mother and prayed to the Lord to have 102 STORY OF A REGIMENT. mercy on him, then again he faints, and agaiji revives and feels for the hole in his head. He looks around and asks a comrade where he is hit. " Half of the neck and part of the head is torn away " is the response. He begs to be taken off the field so as not to be captured by the enemy and is carried to the little school house in the apple orchard and thence to a barn, where he lay two nights and three days on a wad of hay with the blue sky for his covering. The ladies of the Christian Commission did all they could for the living and the dying, singing to many of the latter as their souls took flight to the other world. It is one of the strange things of the war that this comrade, seemingly so fatally wounded, is yet living, though crippled. The scars of a soldier who fought for his country's preservation, for the freedom of an enslaved race and thus for the rights of man in general, are badges of highest honor. J. H. Brandt, also, gives an instance of common oc- curance on the battle field. ' ' I was shot through the right shoulder but kept my place until my file-leader Corporal Joel E. Reeland pitched forward on his face saying 'My God! I am killed." Many of the boys were not spared long enough to say even that much. A letter dated Bolivar Heights, September 25th, 1862 and written by W. H. Hardy, of Company A contains the followmg items of interest: "Company A is color company. Our former captain, A. B. Chapman has been promoted to Major. Company A was led into action at Antietam by Captain C. B. Curtis, formerly of Company K, ably seconded by ANTIETAM. 103 Lieutenant Covert. The colors were borne by Sergeant Fraztr of Company C, Corporals, Parks and Mesler. We had not been under fire two minutes before two of the color bearers, Frazer and Parks fell. Henry C. Housel, although not one of the color guard, threw down his musket, seized the flag and plunged into the thickest of the fight, calling the boys to ' Come on,' under a terrific fire which was thinning our ranks at an awful rate. Housel carried the colors for nearly an hour, when his turn came, a minie ball struck him in the throat, when falling he said ' Boys protect these colors. ' We lost one killed, Sergeant Cooper. Sergeants Stubbe and Pa- den, and twenty-one privates were wounded. Andrew Miller who was wounded at White Oak Swamp, was again wounded in the hip, C. K. Garretson and Martin Con- nelly slightly, N. Reed, lately released from Richmond prison was shot in the hand, David Wright through the leg. Our regiment sufiered a heavy loss in the death of Colonel Parisen of Amboy. He was loved and trusted by every man under him. When charging into the cornfield he led us. mounted upon Dick, his old faithful horse, and waving his sword. We drove the enemy through the cornfield, over the hill and out of sight. It was here he received his death wound. I saw him after the fight and he looked as natural as though sleeping. He died the soldiers death. 'Old Dick,' as General Richardson is called, was wounded severely in the shoulder by a piece of shell and it is feared he may not survive. He is a brave old man and is thought everything of by his troops. General Hancock, so famous for his charge at Williams- burg and Malvern Hill is now in command of our division. ' ' CHAPTER IX. SHARPSBURG TO FAIvMOUTH. SEPTEMBER 20TH TO DECEMBER lOTH, 1862. HEN it was found that the Confederate Army had retired from the battle field of Antietam and was making its way into Virginia, Gen- eral McClellan immediately put in pursuit the Fifth Corps, which corps followed close- ly upon the advance of the cavalry towards Harper's Ferry. It was soon discovered that I^ee's retreat had been well provided with protection at every available point and for every pos- sible emergency. Confederate batteries crowned the heights west of the river in such positions as to command all the fords. An attempt was made to dislodge these but it was only partially successful. I,ee gradually with- drew his army, toward Winchester. The Second Corps marched to Harper' s Ferry and occupied Bolivar Heights on the west side of the river. Here we arrived October 5th and remained until the 30th. We were greatly in need of clothing, our food also had been scarce and poor. Consolidation was begun among the smaller com- SHARPSBURG TO FAIvMOUTH. 105 panics, B, C and D becoming one company, although reporting separately. Colonel Zook was put in charge of the Third Brigade and General Sumner, asking leave of absence, was succeeded by General Couch who assumed temporary command of the Second Corps. Gen- eral Sumner seems to have been in poor health and in need of rest. He was away but a short time, however, and on his return took command, not of the corps, but of two corps, the Second and Ninth, called the Right Grand Division. We stayed so long at Bolivar Heights that it seemed as though we might spend the winter there, therefore some of the boys carted bricks from an old house in the neighborhood and began to lay a foundation for winter quarters, but in the midst of the most interesting part of this work, October 16th, orders came for the Chariest own reconnoissance. General Hancock marched the division to Charlestown, drove off the rebels after a considerable artillery duel, and pushed on two miles bexond the town. The Fifty-Seventh took position on the left of the road beyond a patch of woods, with a clear field before them. The gallows on which John Brown was hung were still standing, and the boys on seeing them, struck up "John Brown's body," giving particular emphasis to the line "But his soul goes marching on." General Hancock's instructions were not to bring on a general engagement, but to find the enemy's position; this being done, orders were given to return to Harper's Ferry. Before leaving our position, a sergeant without weapons of any kind, who had been strolling along the road beyond our lines, HEIGHTS AT HARPER'S FERRY. {By Permission of Baltimore (2f Ohio R. R. Co,) SHARPSBURG TO FALMOUTH. 107 started back to the regiment through the woods. In the thick of the woods he met a stranger, who evidently was a spy dressed in citizens clothes. It was an embarrassing situation for both of them, and neither was in a position to capture the other. If the spy had captured the serge- ant he could not have taken him far, since he was within our cavalry out-posts, and the sergeant could not take the spy, as he had nothing about him more dangerous than a jack knife. Under these circumstances the}- were of one mind, and concluded to let each other pass with the time of day. Following is General Zook's report of the reconnois- sance: HEADQUARTERS THIRD BRIGADE HANCOCK'S DIVISION. Bolivar Heights, Va., Oct. 21st, 1862. Captain: — On the morning of the 16th instant this brigade, except the Fifty-Third Pennsylvania Volunteers, which was detached as advanced guard, marched at sun- rise under orders received the night before, towards Charlestown. On arriving about one mile beyond Hall- town, firing was heard in front and the command halted. Soon after an order was received to march the brigade to the front and take position in and near a woods to the right of the road, and to detach the Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteers to Colonel Brooke in command of the advance guard on the left of the road. After placing the Fifty-Second and the Sixty-Sixth New York Volun- teers in the woods and the Second Delaware Volunteers in support of Tompkin's Battery to the left, skirmishers were advanced to the farther edge of the timber, and, finding this force inadequate, another regiment was asked for and the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers sent in. After some artillery firing to our left and half an hour's delay, an order was given to advance upon Charlestown, which was executed in battalion column, with deploying intervals. io8 STORY OF A REGIMENT. The enemy having been driven beyond Charlestown at about one p. m. , another order was received to place my command in line of battle to the left and a little to the rear of the village. This having been executed so that my com- mand stood in rear of the Irish brigade, another order was received from the General commanding to place my two regiments in support of Captain Pettit's Battery about 125 yards in front of General Meagher's command. The whole brigade remained until about an hour after sunrise on the 18th when, by the General's orders, in conjunction with the remainder of his command, it marched back to camp on Bolivar Heights without any casualty whatever during the expedition. The regiments under my orders during the reconnois- sance were commanded as follows: The Second Delaware Volunteers, Colonel Wtti. P. Baily; Twentieth Massachu- setts Volunteers, Captain F. Dreher; Fifty-Second New York Volunteers, Colonel Paul Frank; Fifty -Seventh New York Volunteers, Major A. B. Chapman and Sixty-Sixth New York Volunteers, Colonel Joseph C. Pinckney. S. K. ZooK, Colonel Commanding Brigade. It is amusing to read some of the Southern reports of battles. The rebel Colonel J-,. 1,. Munford says in his account of the Charlestown engagement, that with four guns they held "at bay for four hours, the advance of General McClellan's grand army, and only retired when their ammunition was exhausted." "In the engage- ment" he goes onto say, "our loss was two killed and three wounded in the artillery. The enemy acknowledges a loss of between seventy-five and one hundred men killed and wounded. ' ' The truth is we lost one man killed and three wounded. True to life is that Shakespearian meta- phor, "Easy as lying." On the 30th, the Second Corps leading, the army crossed the Shenandoah river, passed the base of lyoudon SHARPSBURG TO FALMOUTH. 109 Heights, moved down the valley to Hill Grove, then along the south base of the Blue Ridge Mountains, com- ing on the 3rd of November to Snicker's Gap, the follow- ing day to Upperville, on the 6th to Rectortown and on the 8th to Warrenton. The weather was cold and gloomy. The boys had to sleep spoon fashion in order to keep warm and then did not succeed particularly well. It was on this march that the "Sheep Mania," as it was called, attacked the army. Orders were given strictly forbidding the stealing of sheep, but the lambs would follow the army in spite of protests. It is said that a whole flock of sheep disappeared in one night. A special affection for this article of diet had developed in the Irish brigade, and many stories are told of the inno- cence of these men, who, being from the Green Isle, were especially green concerning the presence of sheep's cloth- ing found in their camps. There was a good reason for this epidemic of "sheep winning," the rations had been poor, and, at best, army rations are exceedingly monot- onous, while fresh meat is scarce and hence is the greatest of luxuries. It cannofbe denied that the Fifty-Seventh had some touches of this fever for foraging, as will be seen from the following true narrative. Two members of Company I started out one evening, after the halt, with irresistable cravings in their stomachs and blood in their eyes. Their cry was "Fe, fi, fo, fum; I smell the blood of fresh mutton; dead or alive I will have some." They traveled a long distance before they came to a house, here they found no sheep but were satisfied with a large goose. no STORY OF A REGIMENT. On the way back they stopped in a secluded spot and undressed the gentleman, then reaching camp which they found in midnight slumber, they put on the pot, cut up the goose and poked the fire. The boiling continued all night yet the meat was not tender. At breakfast the comrades enjoyed goose broth, with crackers and coffee. The meat was then put in the haversacks and carried to the evening camp. It is a long pathetic story and must he shortened by saying that the goose was cooked three nights in succession without yielding an inch of ground, and then the discovery was made, as the story goes, that on his left leg was discovered a brand which when deciphered spelled "Noah," so it was understood that the goose in question was one of the birds that went into the ark with a man named Noah who lived in the time of the flood. The order from Washington releasing General McClellan from command of the Army of the Potomac reached us at Warrenton, and caused great sorrow. Aside from the necessities or merits of the case the men loved General McClellan. He was their first commander, had just led them through a victorious battle and now had their fullest confidence. A letter of this date says "Little Mac will take with him a large portion of the fighting ■qualities of this army. We consider his removal unjust and feel greatly bereaved. ' ' It yet seemed strange to the soldiers that General Lee should be able to play around McClellan as he did, constantly massing his forces and whipping him in detail. Of General Burnside, who was put in charge, we knew nothing remarkable but were SHARPSBURG TO FALMOUTH. iii willing to await developments. The whole army was drawn up in line and General McClellan, on his black horse, with his staff, rode along the front while one great wave of cheers rolled on from column to column as he passed. This was our farewell. Leaving Warrenton on the 15th, the Second Corps still in advance and General Sumner now leading, the line of march was direct to Fredericksburg, opposite which we halted November 17th. There was found here a cavalry outpost and this was driven across the river. A battery of four guns which was posted on the heights be- yond the city was silenced by Pettit's shells. It was in Bumside's plan that the pontoons should be here for the immediate crossing of the army, but they were not on hand and while waiting for them Lee was concentrating his forces and building earthworks. General Sumner advised an immediate crossing by the fords but this was danger- ous, for in case of a battle and a defeat there would be no adequate means of recrossing the river. There can be little doubt, however, that it would have been better to risk this crossing for, if there is no escape, men will fight like tigers and the Army of the Potomac had not yet de- veloped much ability for attack, but had had considerable experience in defence. At any rate the battle at Freder- icksburg could hardly have been worse than it was or the loss greater. We at least would have had an even field had we defended Marye's Heights from a western attack. The recording of changes which have been progressing since Antietam is a pleasant task as many worthy men have been advanced to new positions. We STORY OF A REGIMENT. have already mentioned the promotion of Major Chapman to I/ieutenant-Colonel. N. G. Throop now ranks as Major, J. C. Paine as Captain, R. S. Alcoke as First- 5TREET IN HARPER'S FERRY. (By FermissioH of Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co.) Ivieutenant from Orderly-Sergeant, H. M. Brewster and John Clark as Second- Lieutenants, all to date from SHARPSBURG TO FALMOUTH. 113 the battle of Antietam, September 17th. On the 25th of the same month Paul M. Pou, October 21st George Foss, October 20th Melville Kelsey, and Novem- ber 22d E. L. Palmer, each took the rank of Second- Lieuteaant. A. M. Wright became Captain October 21st. W. E. Hall became First -Lieutenant November 6th and H. M. Brewster December 8th. Captain J. H. Bell returned to the regiment and took command of Company C. A new regiment was added to the Third Brigade; the Twenty-Seventh Connecticut, commanded by Colonel R. S. Bostwick. Surgeon McKim had been detached from the regiment and was acting as Brigade Surgeon. At Harper's Ferry he had chargeof the division hospital with the sick and wounded of sixteen regiments to care for. He resigned just before the battle of Fredericksburg and received an honorable discharge. CHAPTER X. FREDERICKSBURG. DECEMBER IITH TO DECEMBER 15TH, 1862. N the night of December 9th, 1862, the army before Fredericksburg slept peacefully under their canvas roofs as they had done many nights before, and though there was some activity yet no intimation had been given of the very near approach of the terrible struggle that was so soon to begin. The organization of thie army now for the first time to be fought under another commander than General McClellan was divided into three grand divisions, General Sumner commanding the Right Grand Division, General Hooker the Centre Grand Division and General Franklin the I^ numerous in our rear, and one does not venture a mile out of camp. Second- Lieutenant Palmer of Co. A was captured by them last night. Colonel Paul Frank is now commanding the brigade, Lieutenant Favill is Judge- Advocate of the divi- sion, Lieutenant Brown is A. D. C. to General Caldwell, who is in command of the First Division, and McCormack is home on a furlough. The whole brigade now musters 540 men for duty. ' ' The Fifth New Hampshire of the First Brigade was one of the finest regiments in the service. It is said to have lost more men, killed and wounded in battle, than any other one regiment in the United States armies. Its noble Colonel, Edward E. Cross, had just fallen at Gettys- burg. We knew them first at Fair Oaks and always since have known them well. What now remained of the regiment were permitted to go home to recruit them- MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 193 selves and to fill up their ranks. They were back again in the spring ready for the goad worJc they were to do in the Summer. On the 12th of September, 1863, the army moved across the Rappahannock and took' position on the north bank of the Rapidan. In this movement the Second Corps lead, driving the rebel cavalry and infantry entirely across the river. I^ongstreet had gone south with his corps to help overwhelm Rosecrans and this movement was to bring him back. The corps was stretched out along the river for nine miles, doing picket duty about all the time. The Fifty-Seventh lay near the Culpeper road. The pickets along the river latterly became very familiar and there was considerable swapping of coffee and tobacco and newspapers. The good natured nagging that usually went on was not wanting here but it differed materially from that at Fredericksburg, the laugh now being "on the other side of the mouth." It was our inn- ings and we used it well in such exclamations as "How did you enjoy your trip east?" "Got an elegant reception, did'nt 3'ou? " "Too bad you could' nt see Washington? " "Have you heard from Vicksburg lately? " One of the boys in wandering around found an old log hut and within it an old colored woman of eighty winters. All her people had deserted her, had fled for fear of the bullets but she was too feeble to move or to be. moved. For some weeks she had depended wholly on what the soldiers gave her. She seemed the picture of contentment, though her entire store consisted of a bowl of meal and a cob pipe. When asked if she were not 194 STORY OF A REGIMENT. afraid she smiled and said, "No Massa, Ize not afeared. Ize a mighty sinner but I trus de tbrd and he done care for me. ' ' There are various items of news belonging to this period. Major Bell and Lieutenant Brewster are now in the Veteran Reserve Corps, Lieutenant Paden is at Georgetown still nursing his Chancellorsville wound, on account of which he was discharged from the service November 30th following. Lieutenant Palmer is in Libbj' Prison. Colonel Chapman is president of a Court Martial which has sentenced a private of the Sixty-Sixth New York to be shot for desertion. The Fifty-Second Regi- ment had just received 500 recruits, most of them old soldiers. The Fifty-Seventh numbered 111 officers and men present for duty but was expecting an immediate addition. The Third Brigade numbered 1,300 present, not much more than a full regiment. A whole batch of names was sent in for promotion to rank from September 23rd, 1863: O. F. Middleton, W. M. Reed and J. M. Favill to be Captains; Thomas Brit- ton, J. H. Erickson and G. Frederick to be First-Lieu- tenants; J. McConnell, E. M. Shorey, Nicholas Stubbe, J. M. Sullivan, M. R. Connelly and C. L. Moore to be Second-Lieutenants. In January proximo R. S. Alcoke took rank as Captain of Company I. The Eleventh Corps, General Howard, and the Twelfth Corps, General Slocum, were placed under com- mand of General Hooker October 1st, and sent by rail to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to operate under General Rose- crans against General Bragg. MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 195 Lieutenant Palmer's capture happened on this wise : He had just been relieved from duty as Quartermaster and the day thereafter was detailed for guard duty. We were at Warrenton and Captain Erickson was Officer-of- the-Day. About midnight, the 29th of August, Palmer was sent with two men to establish a picket line half a mile down the road. His orders were to station a man on either side of the fence and then return to camp. Hav- ing posted the men as directed he returned but later thought he would go out and see if they were doing their duty. It was a clear night, the moon was shining brightl}', and at a sharp turn in the road two men suddenly jump- ed from behind some bushes and ordered him to ' 'get over the fence and not make any noise about it either. ' ' He found himself in the hands of two of Mosby's guerrillas who had been hovering on the flank of our army picking up information and prisoners as they were able. They were dressed in our uniform and were in no way distin- guishable from our men. He was taken to Fredericks- burg and thence to Richmond and put in I,ibby Prison. He was not exchanged until December, 1864. In the early days of October were discoverable the pre- liminarj' symptoms of the Bristoe campaign. Confederate signals were deciphered by our ofiicers to indicate an in- tended movement of General Lee's army, but in what di- . rection could not be ascertained otherwise than by await- ing developments. Meade at first moved his army across the Rappahannock to Bealton Station and the next after- noon, October 12th, as the rebels seemed to be concentrat- ing at Culpeper Court House, the Second, Fifth and 196 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Sixth Corps returned to Brandy Station. Then it began to be certain that Lee was on his way to Warrenton, so back again we marched, starting at midnight, and keep- ing on eastward until six o'clock in the morning of the 13th when Fayetteville was reached. Here the corps had a rest of forty-five minutes, then pushed forward until noon, through Germantown and all the afternoon and evening until nine o'clock when it reached Auburn. This was a march of twenty- one hours, with eight days rations and forty rounds of cartridges and scarcely a halt.' Resting near Auburn until four the next morning. Cedar Run was waded at five and a halt made on what has since been known as Coffee Hill. Cedar Run was not a strange name to the Fifty-Seventh for at it, on the Stoneman reconnoissance from Manassas in March, 1862, it had gained its first laurels. While as^cending Coffee Hill and looking toward its top there appeared what seemed to be a bright fire, but proved to be the morning star. Had we known what was to be encountered that eventful 14th day of October, we might have interpreted that star to be a happy omen. As it was, the Second Corps, now the rear guard, was practically cut off from the main army and came within a hair's breadth only of being destroyed or captured. Our regiment, indeed, had a narrower escape than the corps as will be seen later. After reaching the hill-top the boys began making fires, got water, put on coffee cups, pulled off shoes and stockings, stood them around to dry and sat down wait- ing for breakfast to be ready, when about six o'clock a rebel battery pulled out in our rear and began to MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 197 plough those fires with exploding shells, wasting the precious coffee and seriously disarranging our morning toilet. This hill, formerly unknown to history, is thus henceforth to be famous, under the name of Cofiee Hill, its christening being with coffee instead of water. For a single moment all was confusion, then a rush was made for the stacked rifles and in two minutes after the order to fall-in we were in line of battle moving toward that batter J- . Even then another regiment was ahead of us and charged, capturing most of the guns before they could be gotten away. It was all over in twenty minutes. Some funny things happened during this fiasco. We had never before seen men in line of battle with bare feet as some were here, and never such variety of uniform since New Dorp. One officer was without a sword, because his colored servant, at the first shot, had grabbed what he could and made for the woods. This boy was brought back, however, and compelled to face the music, a cruel thing to do for if ever there was a ' ' white nigger ' ' he was one. After being under fire for some time and see- ing himself still living, he became quite calm and attended to his duties in a more orderly manner. After silencing the batterj' we gathered our coffee cups, got shoes and stockings and clothing in shape and, without that hot breakfast, began one. of the most trying, uncertain, worrisome days of the war. The Fift^'-Seventh was detached fi-om the brigade and placed under General Brooke who had orders to deploy skirmishers in front of the woods on the right and hold the advancing enemy until the corps could extricate itself 198 STORY OF A REGIMENT. from the toils of the rebels now pressing hard on front and flank. It was a desperate case, nearly equivalent to sacrificing a regiment to save a corps. "We held the enemy in check until relieved by the cavalry, but before getting away the cavalry, seeing the desperate situation, galloped ofif and left us to do the same. We did gallop, sure enough, making for the woods in our rear, while out upon either flank the Johnies rushed crying, "Halt! Halt! I'll shoot you down!" We are sorry to say that the language of some of these rebels was not good. What the effect would have been had the tone of their address been more respect- ful and the language more select, cannot be determined, as it was, one spirit animated all and that was to have no dealings with them. The bullets were coming thick and fast from all directions, the men were dropping one by one, yet on we pressed reaching a ditch in front of the woods we were striving to gain. Into this ditch all dropped to take new breath, the more persistant ones soon to be up and off, others to delay and be captured. More than one man who lay there too long left his bones in a Southern prison. Lieutenant Erickson, of Company E, and some eighteen men, from wounds or other causes, were captured. Those who got into the woods escaped alive, although it was some time before they found the outposts of the corps. W'ith feelings akin to those of ship-wrecked mariners taken from a floating spar after a desperate struggle for existence, we caught sight of the blue uniforms of our outer guard. After finding the road the regiment hurried forward MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 199 five miles to Bristoe Station. Brooke's Fourth Brigade was the rear-guard of the corps and the Fifty-Seventh being detached with this brigade, took position on its left. When the head of the Second Corps reached Broad Run at Bristoe Station it was attacked in front by Hill and on the flank by Ewell. The rest of the army were hastening on to gain the Bull Run Hills ahead of the enemy and so became separated from the Second Corps, which was thus practically cut off from the rest of the army. General Warren, quick to see the danger, threw himself into the breach, ordering his advanced regiments to charge, which they did with great spirit. Both sides seemed to get sight of the railroad cut at the same time and each knowing its advantage rushed for its possession. The blue-coats secured it, but not satisfied, charged over the railroad into the field and woods beyond, capturing 450 prisoners, five pieces of artillery and two stand of colors. This episode was turned into a veritable picnic, for the boys jumped astride the guns and crowed and yelled themselves hoarse. The Fifty-Seventh was in the railroad cut on the ex- treme left of our line and some of the rebels got around and fired into the cut, when a rush was made for their scalps and thej' left for parts unknown. This was a time of great suspense for General Warren, whose only hope lay in the approach of darkness. Every advance that Hill or Ewell had thus far made had been met with such a vigorous repulse that General Lee thought the whole Union army was present and gave orders not to bring on 200 STORY OF A REGIMENT. a general engagement. He spent the night getting his forces into position ready for the next day's battle, but when dawn awoke the sleepers no blue-coats were near. As soon as darkness came the march was resumed, the men were ordered to be silent, keep their tins from rat- tling and their ranks closed up. About eleven p. m. the rear guard crossed the Run and at four a. m. on the 15th, the whole army was together among the Bull Run Hills. The casualties of the Fifty-Seventh were all at Coffee Hill. The revised ofiBcial report makes them five men wounded, one officer and thirteen men missing, being a total loss of nineteen. During the three days and nights of this forced march the men had slept only six hours, except as they had dropped in their tracks upon momentary halts. While moving across Cedar Run on the morning of the 14th it seemed nearly impossible to keep awake. Heads were bobbing, legs were tottering and but a moments stop found many asleep. The night of the 15th was worse, if it could be, but the knowledge of an urgent enemy in the rear kept many feet moving that would otherwise have halted. The loads carried being unusually heavy, the strain of a forced effort, the constant expectation of meet- ing the enemy and the trying situations, combined to make this Bristoe campaign exceedingly exhausting to the Fifty-Seventh. Colonel Chapman's report on the Bristoe campaign is herewith given: Captain: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by m}- command in the recent movements of the corps while covering the retire- ment of the army from the Rappahannock river to its MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. present position. On the morning of the 14th the enemy opened on this division then massed on a hill near Auburn with several pieces of artillery at short range. I received orders to deploy skirmishers, and advance on the battery, which I was proceeding to do, but found that a regiment from the Third • Division of this corps had already been sent forward. I was then directed to deploy skirmishers on the right flank of our position connecting with the- Second Delaware on my left, and was placed under the command of Col. Brooke, commanding Fourth Brigade, who sent the Sixty-Fourth N. Y. V. to the support of my line. Light skirmishing ensued, and finding that the enemy were moving troops to our right, I deployed my reserve and two companies of the Sixty-Fourth, forming a line nearly at right angles with the first and extending across the road leading to Catlett's Station. On the high- est point of this road, they had planted a section of- artillery in position (which, however, my skirmishers had prevented them from working at this time) and had. formed a brigade of infantry in the edge of the woods fronting me. Shortly afterwards I received orders to withdraw my men as soon as relieved by the cavalry, who proceeded to deploy a line about 100 yards in my rear. I recalled the- skirmishers as rapidly as possible, for so long a line, but found that the cavalry had commenced to retire before I had reached the line on which they had deployed, and that I was covering their retreat, instead of they mine. I made every effort to keep up with them, but soon found myself cut off from the road on which the division had retired, and compelled to strike off across the field towards the woods on the left. I was at this time exposed to a very severe fire from the enemy's skirmishers on the- right, and the section of artillery in the rear, and not- withstanding every effort was made to screen the men by taking advantage of every cover the ground afforded, I regret to report that one officer and twenty men, are sup- pose to have been wounded and fallen into the hands of the enemy. Proceeding through the woods for some dis- tance I found a by-road which appeared to lead in the right direction, and which eventually brought me out in the rear of the division, which was then drawn up in its 202 STORY OF A REGIMENT. second position, which it held on that day. I then reported my command to Colonel Brooke and when the division moved off, brouj^ht up the rear of the Fourth Brigade, which formed the rear guard. On reaching Bristoe Station we formed the left of the line of battle taking position on the railroad. As the enemy did not seriously attack this portion of the line we were not engaged. At night we moved to the position we now occupy, and on the following morning I asrain reported to Colonel Frank, commanding Third Brigade, in compli- ance with orders from division headquarters. Very respectfully your obedient servant, A. I^. Chapman, Lieut. -Col. Commanding 57, N. Y. V. Colonel Brooke says: "I had received from the gen- eral commanding division, orders to place my brigade in position to cover the front, which was done in the follow- ing order, the Fifty -Third Pennsylvania, Second Del- aware and Fifty-Seventh New York (the latter had been detached from the Third and assigned to my brigade that morning) deployed as skirmishers, the Fifty-Seventh be- ing on the right, I maintained this position with slight skirmishing until the whole corps had retired. I now withdrew my line and moved to the rear, followed by the enemy who pressed upon my skirmishers. I had not moved more than a quarter of a mile when I was attack- ed on my right and rear; the enemy succeeding in throw- ing a column of infantry across the road and cutting off the Fifty-Seventh New York, which was in the rear of my column. Lieutenant- Colonel Chapman commanding the latter regiment proved himself equal to the emergencj' and by promptly moving to the left, by a slight detour, succeeded in soon rejoining the column with slight loss." General W^arren in his report of Bristoe quotes a long COMMANDERS OF THE SECOND CORPS. EDWIN V. SUMNER DARIUS N. COUCH WINFIELD S. HANCOCK GOUVERNEUR K. WARREN MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 203 paragraph from Colonel Chapman's report and at the end includes his name among those honorably mentioned. Colonel Paul Frank says: "Captain Jones, A. A. Adjut- ant-General and Lieutenant Middleton, Acting Aid-de- Camp have proved brave soldiers and competent oflScers. ' ' The following order from the general commanding the army is very complimentary to the Second Corps. HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF POTOMAC. GENERAL ORDER NO. 96. Oct. 15th, 1863. The Major-General Commanding announces to the Army that the rear guard consisting of the Second Corps "were attacked 3'esterday while marching by the flank. The enemy after a spirited contest was repulsed, losing a batterj' of five guns, two colors and four hundred and fifty prisoners. The skill and promptitude of Maj,or-Gen- eral Warren and the gallantry and bearing of the of&cers and soldiers of the Second Corps are entitled to high commendation. By command of Major-General Meade. S. Williams, A. A. G. Here is an interesting account of a double amputa- tion and a remarkable recovery as related by Dr. Potter: ' 'One poor fellow, just returned from General Hospital, where he had been for months, was wounded that day b}^ a shell, which shattered his right leg and left forearm at one fell swoop. He was placed in an ambulance and brought back to Centerville that night, but he was so low from shock that we dared not move him therefrom, and so fed him with brandy and beef stock in the ambulance until morning, a nurse being especially detailed for that purpose. When daylight came he was still too feeble to 204 STORY OF A REGIMENT. go Upon the operating table, and so was watched and fed until the order came to move in the afternoon of the 15th. Something now must be done, the order to move was im- perative, and the wounded were all loaded into the am- bulances, to go to Fairfax Station. Hastily summoning the Medical Director of the Corps, Dr. A. N. Dougherty, of Newark, N. J., now deceased, we determined, upon consultation, that the only proper way was to amputate. One ambulance was kept to receive this man, and the others were allowed to depart en train to the railroaid station. A shower had now arisen, and all shelter had been struck and loaded in the wagons, so, while four men held a rubber blanket over us for protection from the rain, I made the double consecutive amputations of his right thigh and left arm, and placed him in the waiting ambulance with a special nurse and stimulants, to follow the remainder of the train to Fairfax. He recovered and wrote me afterward from General Hospital in Washington. His name is Frank Rose, private Co. D, Fifty-Seventh N. Y. Volunteers, and the case is recorded in the Medi- cal and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion." From the 15th to the 19th of October, 1803, we lay among the Bull Run Hills. It was expected, of course, that there would be another Bull Run battle, a third, and the prospects seemed favorable for the Union arms. The corps were positioned and works thrown up, but, aside from a little skirmishing and shelling, nothing occurred during these days. Each army was well placed for defense, hence each hesitated to attack the other. On the 18th, Lee commenced his retreat to the Rappahan- MORRISVILLE AND BRISTOE. 205 nock and on the 19th Meade followed. This racing back and forth between the Potomac and the Rappahannock reminds one of the ' ' Czar of Russia and his hundred thousand men, who first marched up the hill and then marched down again." The Second Corps moved the afternoon of the 19th from Blackburn's Ford to Bristoe, the next day turned northward to Gainesville, then south- west to Auburn where it remained two days. On the 23rd the corps moved and pitched tents at Turkey Run on the Warrenton branch of the railroad and remained two weeks. It is here we smell the flavor of ox-tail soup. Several cattle were killed each day and fresh meat given out once a week. Once a week -was not often when it is remem- bered that there are twenty-one meals in a week. So the law of self-preservation got itself to work and discovered that the cattle killers threw aside the hides and the tails when they slaughtered, whereupon those same tails were skinned with jackknives and the juicy joints triumphantly borne away for soup. It was genuine ox-tail soup, sure, and, for the time, bean soup, that haunting spectre of the soldier's dreams, that ever present reality of his waking hours was ordered to the rear. November 7th the regiment passed through War- renton Junction, Bealton Station and Morrisville, crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and camped near Stevensburg. In this forward movement General Rus- sell commanding a division of the Sixth Corps, made a brilliant charge on the redoubts at the railroad crossing, capturing 1,600 prisoners, eight flags and 2000 stand of arms. CHAPTER XV. MINE RUN AND STEVENSBURG. NOVEMBER 26TH, 1863 TO MAY 1ST, 1864. ?JhE Mine Run flank movement, headed by General Warren and the Second Corps, began on the 26th of November, 1863. It, like the Bristoe campaign was a march- ing up the hill and marching down again, though it had the virtue of being an honest effort to do something. It was Thanks- giving Day when the Rapidan was crossed at Germania Ford, and the halt that night was four miles beyond. Up and off at daylight by the left flank, ten a. m. found the head of the column at Robertson's Tavern. The Fifty-Seventh and Sixty-Sixth were now sent out in support of the cavalry. They deployed as skirmishers and drove the enemy considerable distance, uncovered their position and held this advanced line through the day and night. The next morning, being relieved, the regiment returned to the brigade. By the 30th it was discovered that the Confederates MINE RUN AND STEVENSBURG. 207 had so entrenclied their line behind Mine Run and along the crest of a ridge that,' for defensive strength, it re- minded one of Marye's Heights. General Warren was much disappointed at this condition of things and hesitated to repeat the slaughter of Fredericksburg, so, after con- sultation with General Meade, the attack was abandoned. There were better opportunities in front of the Third and Sixth Corps, and there was enthusiasm there, for the men were sending to each other invitations to dinner in the rebel breastworks, but no general success could be gained without turning Lee's right and therefore orders were given for the whole army to recross the Rapidan, which crossing was peacefully effected on the night of December 1st. By the next day all were in camp again, we having crossed at Culpeper Mine Ford. One officer and one private of the Fifty-Seventh had been wounded during this movement. The opposing lines at Mine Run were within talking distance of each other. Opposite our regiment the enemy occupied a hill from which massive fortifications frowned down upon the plain beneath. Across this plain and up this hill an attacking force must move before it could reach the enemy's works. We had little or no position for the use of artillery as there was no high ground, and there was much timber on our side of the Run. Had an attack been made the chances are ten to one that it would have failed, in which case we would have gone into winter-quarters, as we did at Falmouth, after a bloody repulse, from which recovery even by spring would have been difficult. The Mine Run movement was :2o8 STORY OF A REGIMENT. made at the solicitation of General Warren, but as such movements depend upon rapidity of action, not only of the flanking column but of the supports, and as delays in a great army spring out of the ground, so here the whole movement was balked by a few unforeseen delaj-s, and Warren with great reluctance gave up the attack. An incident which caused much merriment occurred here. Two of the staff officers of the regiment came walking along the front of the line looking at the rebel entrenchments. There had been no firing for some time and the boys on either side of the Run were walking around in plain view of each other. A suspicious move- ment of one of these officers started the minie balls to flying in their direction, whereupon they immediately dropped to the ground. The only way they could get out of range was to roll down the incline. In doing this one of them was shot through the seat of his pantaloons, producing a considerable though not dangerous wound. The character of this episode caused great hilarity among the boys and was correspondingly embarrassing to the officer. He was constantly being asked, in fun of course, where he was shot, and being a great ladies man and there being many ladies in camp that winter the poor fellow was often put to his wits ends to know how to answer all the questions their sympathy propounded. Charles Reed tells of a shooting match between himself and a rebel, such as sometimes occurs on the picket line. They discovered each other, the rebel behind a tree two feet thick and Reed behind one eight inches thick. After -several attempts the Johnie fired, the bullet struck the MINE RUN AND STEVENSBURG. 209 tree, glanced downward, passed through Reed's clothes, struck him in the side and stunned him. He fell but later found that the ball had only bruised the flesh. Soon after our skirmishers advanced and Reed made a rush for his opponent, fired, the ball went through the man's knapsack and knocked him down. Examination proved that he also was not badly hurt, so they shook hands, congratulated each other and the rebel went to the rear a prisoner. The army now settled down into winter quarters. The usual fall rains and chilly temperature began to make the men anxious to get under shelter, and, as by common consent, huts were put up and civilized life com- menced. The army began to have camp rations and to spend more time in drills, inspections, parades, fatigue duty, etc. In the early part of December an order calling for the re-enlistment of veterans was issued from the War Department and read on dress parade. It outlined the plan of veteran enlistments, explained the bounties, honors and furloughs, and called for the appointment of the necessary officers to urge the re-muster of men who had already served in the army two years or more. As will be seen by the following order, a bounty of $502.00 was to be given to each soldier re-enlisting; he was to have a furlough extending thirty days and to wear service chev- rons as a mark of honorable distinction. HEADQUARTERS FIFTY-SEVENTH NEW YORK VOL. Nov. 25th, 1863. GENERAL ORDER NO. 17. In compliance with Par. 4, General Order No. 359, War Department, Current series, Lieutenant G. H. Fred- 2IO STORY OF A REGIMENT. erick is hereby appointed recruiting officer for this regi- ment and is charged with the re-enlisting of the veterans thereof. In order that the matter may be clearly under- stood by the men of this command, the following extracts from the General Order of the War Department bearing on the subject are republished. Volunteers must have served two years before they can re-enlist as veterans. Upon re-enlistment they are mustered-out and discharged from their original enlistment, and on the following pay- day their accounts of pay and clothing are settled up to the date of discharge, and the bounty of $100 for the original enlistment paid to them. At the same time of such discharge they will be re-mustered in for three years or during the war, and will be then entitled to a premium and bounty of $402. -The bounties are payable as follows: On the first pay-day following the re-enlistment will be paid The bounty for original enlistment . ... . . $100.00 Premium for re-enli.stment . . 2.-■ COLONEL ALFORD B. CHAPMAN. WILDERNESS. 225 fare. On the breaking out of the rebellion he accom- panied the Seventh regiment, as a Sergeant, on its cam- paign to Washington, and upon his return began to raise the company which afterwards took the letter A in the Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteer Infantry, becoming its captain September 1 2th, 1801. He was advanced to major August 30th, 1S()2, and when Lieutenant-Colonel Parisen was killed at Antietam, took command of the regiment and was promoted to the vacant position with rank from September 17th, 1862. When Colonel Zook became Brigadier- General the vacant colonelcy was filled by his advancement to that place, rank to date from April 24th, 1863. The commission was signed July 20th, 1863. Colonel Chapman was present with the regi- ment and fought in all its battles until his death. At the laying of the pontoons at Fredericksburg he was severel5' wounded, but returned in time for Chancellorsville. He is said to have had a premonition of his fate. Before he went into the battle of the r)th of May, in conversation with one of his officers he said, this would be his last battle. Some men alwaj's talk thus before a battle, but not he, for if accounts are true he made the same remark to several persons, even to General Han- cock himself. When we found him he was on his back as though he had rolled over from lying on his left side. When shot he took a note book from his pocket and wrote his father's name anti address, with these words: "Dear Father : I am mortally wounded. Do not grieve for me. My dearest love to all. — Alford." These words are engraved on his tombstone in Greenwood Cemetery, 226 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Brooklyn, N. Y. One of those who bore him from the field was comrade H. Schroeder, who also turned over to the authorities at division hospital his gold watch and three hundred dollars in monej'. The sword, sash, shoulder straps, etc., for which a popular subscription had been taken, did not reach him while alive, but was afterwards presented to his father. This subscription list, embracing" privates and non-com- missioned officers only, contained over one hundred and sixty names, representing about S300. in sum.'? of fifty cents to five dollars. As the "present for duty" at this time is variously reported from 189 to 220 men, no evi- dence of the Colonel's popularity- could be more convinc- ing than that found in this subscription roll. Colonel Chapman was good to his men and hence he was greatly beloved b>- them. He was a man of personal friendships, and carefully rewarded faithful services among his officers and men. In a private conversation with a lyieutenant whom he was about to promote, he said: "I have been much pleased and well satisfied with your conduct and work since j^our promotion to the line, and I only wish that all my appointments would prove as well." His last words: "I have received a mortal wound. Let me die here," are worthy ones in which to embalm the memory of so gallant a soldier. It is a fabled story that the Egyptian Phcenix when old and decrepid, would return" to Heliopolis and hover- ing over the burning alter of the temple, would gently nestle down amid its flames and tlien, from its smoldering ashes, would rise again new born, stretch its wings and WILDERNESS. 227 fly away to years of youthful activity. From the ashes of such heroes as Colonel Alford B. Chapman, our country arose to a new life. The fires that consumed them also consumed the dross of slaver>- and started this nation on a new career of usefulness and glory. We honor their ashes. An extract from the Army and Navy Journal of May 14th, 18(U says of Colonel Chapman: "He offered his services to his country not from a motive of selfishness or vanity but from a sincere conviction that the rebellion was causeless and wicked, and that duty called him to the field. He was daring in action, conscientious in forming his opinions, .sincere, frank, courteous to his companions and a man worthy of imitation by every soldier. No better man has given his life in this unhappy contest." General F. A. Walker writes: "Colonel Chapman, had, on a score of battlefields displayed the highest soldierl>' qualities; his figure had alwaj-s been conspicuous in the front line of battle, and whether on the skirmish line or in the column of attack, he had proved himself one of the bravest and most capable officers in the corps. ' ' The two sentiments following, one expressed bj' James W. Britt and the other by Henry M. Brewster, are a fitting close to this part of our history. "I cannot pay a greater tribute to the memory of our comrade than to say that a braver and a truer friend never lived," and "while the deeds of brave men shall live the memory of Colonel Chapman will be bright." Our losses at the battle of the Wilderness as officiallj^ 228 STORY OF A REGIMENT. given are one officer and six men killed, five men who died of wounds, one officer and forty-four men wounded and one man missing, making a total of fifty-eight. The fire in our front on the (Ith was very heart-rending. The poor fellows who were alive and yet were too crippled or too near dead to move lay groaning amid the burning leaves, the last ray of hop^ f(jr life gone. They had fought bravely and deserved a better chance, for many of TH1-: FIRE IN- THE WOODS. them would hive lived had not the smoke sufltocated and the fire burned them. The clothes of manv of the dead were entirely consumed and their bodies lav black- ened and charred among the ashes. There are no regimental reports of the Wilderness and few of following battles, whether from lack of leisure or because the commanding general did not desire them is WILDERNESS. 229 not known. We append a few extracts from the report of General Hancock : "The corps left its winter quarters near Stevensburg, \'a. , on the night of the 3rd of May, with about 27,000 officers and men for duty. The First and Second Divisions, under Generals Barlow and Gib- bon, were composed of the troops of the old Second Corps. My command moved at midnight toward Ely's Ford, pre- ceeded by Gregg's division of cavalry, .which met with no resistance at the river. 'When the infantry came in sight of the ford, the cavalry was well across and had the canvas bridge nearly laid. The bridge was soon com- pleted by my troops, and the corps proceeded to Chahcel- lorsville, arriving there about 1) a. m. My troops biv- ouaced for the night near the cross roads at Chancellors- ville, on the battleground of May 3rd, 18(>3. At 5 a. m. on the 5th of May the Second Corps moved toward its designated position at Shady Grove Church, taking the road by the Furnaces and Todd's Tavern. My advance was about two miles beyond Todd's Tavern, when at 9 a. m. I received a dispatch from the major-general com- manding the Army of the Potomac to halt at the tavern, as the enemy had been discovered in some force on the Wilderness pike. Two hours later I was directed to move mj- command out the Brock Road to its intersection with the Orange Plank Road. At 2 p. m. the head of my command joined General Getty's troops on the Brock Road, and was at once formed on Getty's left in two lines of battle along that road. Barlow's division, with the exception of Frank's brigade, which was stationed at the junction of the Brock Road, and the road leading to the 230 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Catharpin Furnaces, held the left of my line and was thrown forward on some high, clear ground in front of the Brock Road. This elevated ground commanded the country for some distance to the right and left covering the Fredericksburg and Orange Court House railroad in front. Between 3 and 4 p. m. I was ordered to attack with Getty's command, supporting the advance with my whole corps. At 4:15 p. m. General Getty moved for- ward on the right and left of the Orange Plank Road, having received direct orders from General Meade to commence the attack without waiting for me. His troops encountered the enemy's line of battle about 300 paces in front of the Brock Road and at once became very hotly engaged. Finding that General Getty had met the enemy in great force, I ordered General Birney to ad- vance his command (his own and Mott's divisions) to support the movement of Getty. The fight became very fierce at once. The lines of battle were exceedingly close, the musketry continuous and deadly along the entire line. During this contest the Irish Brigade, com- manded by Colonel Smyth of the Second (First) Dela- ware \'olunteers, and Colonel Brook's (Fourth) brigade, both of Barlow's division, attacked the enemy vigorously on his right and drove his line for some distance. The Irish Brigade was hea\'ily engaged, and although four- fifths of its numbers were recruits, it behaved with great steadiness and gallantry, losing largely in killed and wounded. At .") a. m. of the (ith, according to instructions the WILDERNESS. 231 command of General Birney, consisting of his own and Mott's division advanced along the Orange Plank Road simultaneously with General Getty's troops (now under command of General Wheaton) and attacked the enemy with great vigor. These troops were supported by Carroll's and Owen's brigades of Gibbon's division. After a desperate contest, in which our troops conducted themselves in the most intrepid manner, the enemj^'s line was broken at all points and he was driven in confusion through the forest for about one and a half miles, suffer- ing severe losses in killed, wounded • and prisoners. Frank's brigade of Barlow's division was sent to feel the enemy's right and after an obstinate contest succeeded in forming a connection with the left of Mott's division. The enemy now advanced upon Frank's brigade of Barlow's division, which joined the left of Mott's division. That brigade having been heavily engaged in the earlier part of the day, had nearly exhausted its ammunition and was compelled to retire before the enemy, whose attack was made with great vehemence. This was Longstreet's attack. Passing over Frank's brigade, they struck the left of Mott's division, which in turn was forced back. I instructed General Gibbon to advance upon the left ilank of the enemy, directing that Colonel Leasure should sweep along the front of my line to the right, in the dir- ection of the Orange Plank Road, keeping his right about 100 paces from our breastworks; that he should attack the enemy's left and endeavor to drive him back. The instructions were executed by Colonel Leasure with great spirit afld success. Deploying his brigade 'at right angles 232 STORY OF A REGIMENT. to our line of battle, he traversed the entire front of Mott's and Birney's divisions, crossing the Orange Plank Road in his march,. encountering, as he "proceeded, wh^t he supposed to be a big brigade of the enemy, which fell back in disorder without engaging him. Xo further demonstrations were made in my front until 4:10 p. m, when the enemy advanced against my line in force, press- ing forward until they came to the edge of the abattis, less than 100 paces from my first line, where they halted, and continued an uninterrupted fireofmusketrj-. Though the firing was very heavy, little execution was done among our troops, but after half an hour had passed, some of the troops began to waver, and finallj' a portion of Mott's division gave waj'. As soon as the break in our line occurred, the enemy pushed forward and some of them reached the breastworks and planted their flags thereon. Carroll moved by the left flank and then forward at double-quick, retaking the breastworks at once, and forcing the enemy to fall back and abandon the attack in great disorder, with heavy loss in killed and wounded. The breastworks on this portion of ni}- line were constructed entirely of logs, and at the critical moment of the enemy's advance, were a mass of flames, which it was impossible at that time to subdue, the fire extending for many hundred paces to the right and left^ The intense heat and the smoke, which was driven by the wind directly into the faces of the men, prevented them on por- tions of the line from firing over the parapet and, at some points, compelled them to abandon the line. The WILDERNESS 233 night of the ()th and the following day passed without material incident. This battle field was covered by a dense forest, almost impenetrable by troops in line of battle, where maneuvering was an operation of extreme difficulty and uncertainty. The undergrowth was so heavj- that it was scarcel}' possible to se.e more than 100 paces in any direction. A number of colors were capt- ured by the troops under my command during this battle; several thousand stand of arms were also collected from the field." General Grant's report, dated May 7th, IStH, says : ' ' We were engaged with the enemj- nearly all day both on the 5th and (5th. Yesterday the enemy attacked our lines vigorously, first at one point and then at another, from right to left; they were repulsed at all points before reaching our lines, except once during the afternoon on Hancock's front and just after night on Sedgwick's front. In the former instance they were prompth- and hand- somely repulsed ; the latter, Milroy's old brigade were attacked and gave way in the greatest confusion, carry- ing good troops with them. Had there been daj'light the enemy could have injured us very much, however, they, instead of going through the break, attacked Wright's division and were beaten back. Our losses in killed, wounded and prisoners will not exceed 12,000. Among the killed we deplore the loss of Generals Wads- worth and Hays. We have about :.',000 prisoners. They report General Jenkins killed and I^ongstreet wounded. We claim no victory over the enem\- neither have they gained a single advantage. ' ' 234 STORY OF A REGIMENT. The following incident is a strange one, yet no stranger than many others constantly recurring in war. We give it in the words of A. M. Downs, the principal actor. "While falling back from the front line, at the close of the first days fight in the Wilderness, Captain Mott, privates Emory Carey, Martin Hanley, Peter Gallagher and myself were together. We found Corporal Reiley wounded through the hip, unable to walk, and the Captain told us to help him out. We made a stretcher of a shelter tent and carried him to the plank road, then returned to find the regiment. It was now dark ; we soon struck the Fifty-Third Pennsylvania, and asked Lieutenant-Colonel McMichael to direct us. He said there were three lines of battle in his front and our regiment was in one of them. We went forward a short distance farther and ran upon a soldier leaning against a tree. We were within five feet of him before he halted us in a dazed, sleepy way, adding, ' You can't go inside the lines ! ' Not realizing that this could be a rebel picket, we asked him if he knew were the Fifty-Seventk was, and he replied, 'Your regiment is right down thar.' Looking down 'thar' we could see a line of pickets, and in the rear, around camp fires, men in grey. No order was necessary for us to move at once, realizing we were the advance guard of the Second Army Corps without a cartridge and face to face with one of Longstreet's pickets. We never turned our backs on rebels so willingly nor had we ever faced them with so little fear. We dared not run, but quietly withdrew expecting a shot from the sleepy picket or his comrades. Taking care to keep WILDERNESS. 235 in the line of the trees that were quite thick, we did not go the way that he directed, feeling quite sure that the Fifty-Seventh was not behind that line. As soon as we were safely out of reach of harm we halted and embraced each other, and from each heart went out a thanksgiving for our escape. This sentinel was a mere lad, not more than 10 years old. It now occurred to us that we had by accident made an important discovery ; .that there were nO' pickets and only one very thin line between the plank road and Longstreet's front. We soon met a picket detail in charge of an officer, who said he was searching" for our picket line but failed to find it. We told him the situation and he directed us to find General Barlow and report to him. In going out of the woods we found the regiment in line and they too supposed there were three lines in front of them. We found Barlow, reported to him the condition of his front, and he directed his aides to investigate. To us he simply asked to what regiment we belonged, and then ordered us to find it. That was Barlow." General Barlow though a .severe disciplinarian was yet a very tender hearted man and Mrs. Barlow, who was with him during the Overland Campaign, gave much of her time to the relief of the sick and wounded, min- istering to them with her own hand. In this benevolent work she over-taxed her system and contracted a disease which after a month's illness wrought her death. She was a noble woman. Many a dying soldier received her consolations and many a wounded one long remembered her kindly ministrations. Her life was as truly given for 236 STORV OF A REGIMENT. her country as were those to whose last hours she gave sweet comfort. At the battle of the Wilderness, George W. Seymore was an illustration of those cases of killing where a man will not die. He was shot in the base of the head; the brigade surgeon said there was no hope for him and laid him out among the dying. As he was alive in the morn- ing they sent hinj off to Washington. Here again he was laid out of doors for the dead wagon, but in the morning he still lived. The surgeon in charge said: "Well, if he is bound to live we will have to help him." He had been three days and nights in a benumbed con- dition without food or water. When his clothes were taken oif a bullet was found in his left arm pit. It had followed the neck downward instead of going straight into the brain. He still lives. The Fifty-Seventh after reaching Fredericksburg, had much to do. Captain Wright was in command of the regiment and became Provost-Marshal of the city, possessing supreme authority in all matters pertaining to the conduct of both citizens and soldiers. It was a large task to attend to the great number of wounded that came from the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, to see that they received proper care and quick transportation, to . super- intend the burial of the dead, to police the city and keep the disloyal part of the community in check. There was much guard and fatigue duty for the boys, and they were very faithful to the daily demands upon them. Some rebel citizens of Fredericksburg had by deceit en- trapped the first arrivals of our wounded, by directing WILDERNESS. 237 them to where they were captured by Confederate cavalry. This was known to a colored man and reported to Captain Wright, whereupon several citizens were arrested b3- him and held as hostages for the return of the captured men. Correspondence passed between Washington and Rich- mond in behalf of the citizens, which resulted in the re- turn of the captured men and the release of the citizens. At first the burial of our dead was careless!}- neg- lected. Corporal Downs was much chagrined at this, reported the same to headquarters and, at his suggestion, was detailed to attend to the matter. He therefore select- ed an appropriate spot and himself superintended the careful interment of the dead, marking each with name and regiment. Ditches twenty feet long and seven feet wide were dug; upon the bottom of these a row of bodies was laid and a foot of dirt thrown in; then a second row was laid and the ditch filled. A headboard contained the names of those who lay within. By this careful method many of the dead now in the National Cemetery are known by name and regiment. Corporal Downs deserves great credit for this forethought and care. An extract from the Rochester Democrat written by its war correspondent in May, 1864, from Fredericksburg, gives one of many incidents of ' the bitter hatred found among Southern women. The Mayor of the city had fled to Richmond leaving his wife to look after the estate. She was as haughty as a rebel woman could be and the vulgar Yankees were excessively offensive to her. Two of the lady nurses who had come to care for the wounded of the contending armies were assigned for shelter at her 23S STORY OF A REGIMEXT. house. She was very indignant at this outrage, as she called it, but finalh- permitted the visitors to sleep on the floor. The next day she applied for a "guard to protect her from the soldiers. ' ' When the lady nurses returned in the evening from their all day"s >labor of relieving the suffering of both Union and Confederate wounded, the guard refu.sed them admittance. Reporting to the Provost- Marshal, Captain Alcoke with Corporal Martin and a squad of men were sent to right the matter. The Captain spoke in a gentlemanh" manner to the woman of the house but she was not to be moved by soft words. It was, indeed, a long while before tnej' could get into the house at all and, when they did, nothing but orders moved her. Said the Captain: "I understand these ladies lay on the floor last night. That was an oversight on your part, of course. You will be good enough to have some beds brought for them now!" Scowling availed nothing and the mattresses were brought in. "Now some blankets, if you please, Madam." "I have no bed clothing," was the savage answer. "Corporal," said the officer, "Search this house for some blankets." The blankets came without searching, but the Corporal there- after used to say : ' ' My one regret in life is that I was not permitted to search for those blankets. ' ' The regiment remained at Fredericksburg until the 28th of May when, with other troops, it formed a pro- visional brigade under General Cesnola and started for the main army, which was now at Cold Harbor. The route was southward down the Rappahannock river to Port Royal, thence to Bowling Green and Hanover Court WILDERNESS 239 House, where it joined the right wing of the army. This point was reached on the ord of June, but it was not until the following day that we joined the brigade. At Cold Harbor some skirmishing was done by the regi- ment. Captain Jones was sent with a detail of thirty men to the left of the Second Corps to feel the enemy and uncover his position. This was accomplished and a lively fire exchanged, but without loss to us. This history would not be complete did it not give a word of notice of glorious deeds performed by the Second Corps during the regiment's absence from it. The flank movement from the Wilderness had begun when we were ordered to Fredericksburg, and it continued to Spotsyl- vania Court House and Cold Harbor before we returned. At these places two great battles were fought: Cold .Harbor, June 1st, without success and Spotsylvania, Maj- 12th, a glorious victory. We give sentences from Gen- eral Hancock's report of the magnificent charge at the "Bloody Angle." "Barlow's division continued up the slope toward the Landron House, halfway to the enemy's lines, when the men broke into a tremendous cheer and, spontaneously taking double-quick, they rolled like an irresistible wave into the enemy's works, tearing away what abattis there was in front of the entrenchments with their hands and carrying the line at all points in a few moments, although it was desperately defended. Barlow's and, Birney's divisions entered almost at the same moment, striking the enemy s line at a sharp salient immediately in front of the Landron House. A fierce and bloody fight ensued in the works with bayonets and clubbed muskets. 240 STORY OF A REGIMENT. It was short, however, and resulted in the capture of nearly 4,000 prisoners of Johnson's division of Ewell's corps, twenty pieces of artillery, with horses, caissons and material complete, several thousand stand of small-arms, and upward of thirty colors. Among the prisoners were Major-General Edward Johnson and Brigadier-General George H. Stuart of the Confederate service. The enemy fled in great confusion and disorder. Their loss in killed and wounded was unusually great. The interior of the entrenchments presented a terrible and ghastly spectacle of dead, most of whom were killed by our men with the bayonet'~\vhen they penetrated the works. So thickly lay the dead at this point, that at many places the bodies were touching and piled upon each other. Our troops could not be restrained after the capture of the entrench- ments, but pursued the flying enemy through the forest in the direction of Spotsylvania Court House, until they encountered a second formidable line of earth-works, the existence of which was before unknown to us. The enemy steadily continued his efforts to recapture the works he had lost, constantly pushing fresh troops for- ward for that purpose, but without success. The battle raged furiously and incessantly along the whole line, from the right of the Sixth Corps to the left of Barlow's division, throughout the day and until late in the night of the 12th, when the enemy desisted from his attack to recover his works and withdrew his forces from my immediate front. A cold, drenching rain descended during this battle, in which the troops were constantly under heavy and destructive musketry fire for almost twenty hours. Our WILDERNESS. 241 losses in killed and wounded were quite heavy, but we had inflicted a signal defeat upon the enemy. Ewell's corps of infantr},- was almost destroyed. The celebrated Stonewall brigade was captured nearly entire. The losses of the enemy during the day in killed, wounded and captured must have amounted to at least 10,000 men. On the morning of the 13th of May it was discovered that the enemy had retired to his second line of works, about one-half mile in rear of the line we had carried on the previous day, thus yielding to us the palm of victory. ' ' We append also a paragraph from General Walker: "As soon as the curve in the clearing allowed Barlow's men to see the red earth at the salient, they broke into a wild cheer, and taking the double-quick without orders, rushed up against the works. Tearing awaj' the abattis with their hands. Miles' and Brooke's brigades sprang over the entrenchments, bayoneting the defenders or beating them down with clubbed muskets. Almost at the same instant Birney entered the works on his side, and the salient was won ! Nearly a mile of the Confederate line was in our hands. Four thousand prisoners includ- ing Major-General Edward Johnson and Brigadier- Gen- eral George H. Stuart, upward of thirty colors and eigh- teen cannon,, were the fruits of the victory. All now set to work to 'turn' the captured entrenchments for us against those who had constructed them. There was not a moment to spare, for into that blood3' space were now advancing thousands of stout soldiers, desperately deter- mined to retrieve the fortunes of the day that had set so strongly against the Confederacy, and even promised to 242 STORY OF A REGIMENT. result in the disruption and destruction of I/ee's army. The contest had now become the closest and fiercest of the war. The Confederates were determined to recover their entrenchments at whatever cost. For the distance of nearly a mile, amid a cold, drenching rain, the com- batants were literally struggling across the breastworks. They fired directly into each other's faces, bayonet thrusts were given over the entrenchments; men even grappled their antagonists across the piles of logs and pulled them over, to be stabbed or carried to the rear as prisoners. General Hancock had, as soon as the firtt success was achieved, brought up some of his guns to within three hundred yards of the captured works, and these were now pouring solid shot and shell, over the heads of our troops, into the space crowded with the Confederate brigades. Never before, since the discovery of gunpowder, had such a mass of lead been hurled into a space so narrow as that which now embraced the scene of combat. Large stand- ing trees were literally cut off and brought to the ground by infantry fire alone; their great limbs whipped into basket stuff that could be woven by the hand of a girl. On either side, a long, ghastly procession of the wounded went limping or crawling to the rear; on either side fast rose the mounds of the dead, intermingled with those who were too severely hurt to extricate themselves from their hideous environment. All day the bloody work went on, and still the men of the North and of the South, now wrought to an inex- pressible rage, were not gorged with slaughter. The trenches had more than once to be cleared of 'the dead, to WILDERNESS 243 give the living a place to stand. All day long, and even into tlie night the battle lasted, for it was not till twelve o'clock, nearly twenty hours after the command "For- ward' ' had been given to the column at the Brown House, that the firing died down, and the Confederates, relin- quishing their purpose to retake the captured works, began in the darkness to construct a new line to cut off the salient. So ended this bloody day; and those that -slept after its tremendous labors and its fierce excite- ments, had in them, for a time, hardly more of life than the corpses that lay around on every side." CHAPTER XVII. rETERSBURG. JUNE I2TH TO AUGUST 31ST, 1864. ^ T the beginning of the summer campaign of 1864, General Grant hoped and expect- ed that he could disable or destroy Lee's, army somewhere between the Rapidan and. Richmond. After the battle of Cold Harbor this expectation vanished and Grant, con- trary to Halleck's suggestion to besiege Richmond on its east side, decided to- cross the James River and strike its communications by the capture of Petersburg. During the eight days at Cold Harbor, preparations for the movement were goingf on by the gathering of transports and pontoons near the proper points on the James River; by the grading of approaches down the bank and by carefully arranging for the advance of the several corps. The Third Brigade, at this time, was commanded by- Colonel Clinton D. McDougall and was composed of six: New York regiments in the order named: Thirty-Ninth, Fifty-Second, Fifty-Seventh, One Hundred and Eleventh, PETERSBURG. 245 One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth and One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth. General Barlow commanded the division, ■General Miles the First Brigade, Colonel Kelly the Second and Colonel Beaver the Fourth. General Gibbon led the Second Division and General Birney the Third. The movement toward Petersburg commenced on the night of June 12th. The Second Corps started about midnight, leaving Colonel Hammel with the Sixty-Sixth New York, on the picket line until it had completely -withdrawn. The march continued all night; on the 13th the Chickahominy was crossed at Long Bridge and Charles City Court House reached. The Third Brigade arrived at the James River at four p. m. on the 14th, formed line of battle, threw up breastworks and "bivouaced for the night; at dawn of the 15th crossed the James on transports, from Wilcox Landing to Wind-Mill Point and halted until ten a. m. waiting for rations that ■did not come. Starting for Petersburg at that hour Gen- eral Barlow took the wrong road and traveled a long •distance toward City Point before he discovered and •corrected the mistake, thus making the march much longer than necessary and delaying his arrival at the front until midnight. The next day, June 16th at four p. m. the Third Brig- ade advanced on the enemy's works at a point near the Hare House. It was hoped that Lee's men had not jet arrived but, to our sorrow, they were found to be on iand. After piling knapsacks the line of battle was formed, bayonets were fixed, guns put at right-shoulder- shift, the command "Forward" was given and out we 246 STORY OF A REGIMENT. moved into a hail of shell, canister and lead sufficient to satisfy the hungriest warrior. The boys greatly dreaded this charge as it seemed a hopeless one. After forming line they waited quite a while before advancing and this led to a calculation of T QUAISOCLL MAP OF PETERSBDRG. chances for life and to a consequent loss of nerve. Many- good byes were said and loving messages left for home friends. The plain over which the attacking party must pass was swept by a direct and cross fire from the earth- works that crowned the ridge beyond. Over this plain, the brigade charged in close column to a fence behind. PETERSBURG. 247 which were the enemy's advanced rifle-pits. Here the men became somewhat huddled and hesitated, when the color-bearer, Charlie Van Hise, carried the flag unfurled over the fence and into the orchard, followed by the regiment, the rebels giving way and falling back to their main line. The positions thus gained by the First Division, in- cluding three redoubts and their connected works, was held and fortified, our pickets occupying the orchard be- yond. General Barlow led this attack in person with hat in hand. The losses of the Fifty-Seventh were severe. Captain Alcoke was shot through the lungs; Lieutenants Britton and Brower were severely wounded; Captain Middleton, Lieutenant Moore and Adjutant Case slightly wounded; three men were killed and thirty-six wounded. On the 17th, before daybreak, the brigade again charged on the enemy's works and drove him out, capt- uring a battery and taking some prisoners. One rebel ofiicer who was captured said: "If you had let me know yon were coming so early in the morning, I would have tried to give you a warmer reception. ' ' We were soon relieved and fell back to the rifle-pits thrown up during the night, which now became our second line. In this morning's charge Captain Wright was shot in the foot, which was afterwards amputated in the hope of saving his life, but he d'ed July 2nd following. Captain Favill and Jones were also wounded, but not seriously. The same afternoon, June 17th, the Ninth Corps' under General Burnside made an attack that was partially successful, in which he was supported by our division. 248 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Major Kirk, while watching this charge was mortally wounded and died two days later at City Point. The First and Fourth Brigades lost heavily in these assaults but the Third seems not to have been engaged. General Hancock speaks of the 10th and 17th of June as follows: "During the forenoon of the IGtfi I was instructed by Lieutenant- General Grant, in the absence of General Meade and himself, to take command of all the troops in front of Petersburg and to push for- ward a reconnoitreing force in my front for the purpose of discovering the most favorable point at which to make an attack. I was ordered to be prepared to commence the attack at 6 a. m. In the mean time General Burn- side had been directed to mass his troops on my left, in readiness to assist in an assault upon the enemy when it should be determined, or to aid me in the event of my being assailed. The reconnoissance ordered by General Grant was made by General Birnej^ on the left of the Prince George Road and in front of the hill on which the Hare House stood, which was then held by the enemy. It was decided by Major-General Meade, who had now arrived upon the field, that the attack should be made at that point. Very sharp skirmishing, accompanied by artillery fire, continued along my front until G p. m., when, in accordance with instructions from the major- general commanding, I directed Major-Generals Birney, Barlow and Gibbon to advance and assault the enemy in front and to the left of the Hare House. My troops were supported by two brigades of the Ninth Corps and by two of the Eighteenth Corps. The advance was spirited and PETERSBURG. 249 forcible and resulted after a fierce conflict in which our troops suffered heavily, in driving the enemy back some distance along our whole line. The severe fighting ceased at dark, although the enemy made several vigor- ous attempts during the night to retake the ground which he had lost; in this, however, he was foiled, as our troops had entrenched themselves at dark and repelled all efforts to dislodge them. Among the many casualties during this engagement was the gallant commander of the Irish Brigade, Colonel Patrick Kelly, Eighty-Eighth New York Volunteers, who was killed at the head of his com- mand while intrepidly leading it to the charge. Colonel James A. Beaver, One Hundred and Forty-Eighth Penn- sylvania Volunteers, was severely wounded while per- forming his duty with his accustomed conspicuous bravery. On the morning of the 17th General Barlow advanced against the enemy in conjunction with General Burnside and succeeded in pushing forward his line considerably after some sharp fighting. Bimey and Gibbon on the right also moved forward, drove the enemy from the hill on which the Hare House stood and occupied it. (Fort Stedman was afterwards erected on that hill.) The enemy made frequent efforts to retake the Hare House during the day, but were handsomely repelled on each occasion. In the evening about 6 p. m. General Barlow again participated in an attack with General Burnside's corps, in which Barlow's division lost heavily in killed, wounded and prisoners. The night of the 17th of June I was compelled to turn over my command on account of disability from my wound, which during the entire camp- 250 STORY OF A REGIMENT. aign had given me great annoyance and at times had prevented me from taking that active part in the move- ment of my troops which I desired to do. I relinquished the command to Major-General Birney, the next senior general officer present in my corps, who conducted its operations until the 27th of June, when, having partially recovered I again assumed the command." The enemy withdrew from parts of their line on the night of the 17th and on the 18th General Birney ad- vanced to the vacated positions. On the 20th the Second Corps was relieved by the Ninth Corps and went into camp in reserve. Reserve, did I say ? Yes ! A reserve which gave rise to the name "Hancock's Cavalry;" a reserve that seldom stayed in one place long enough to get rested from its last tramp to and from the extreme end of the line; a reserve that was in nearly every fight from Deep Bottom to Ream's Station — reserved for sur- prises, for heavy marching and fur the support of every charge. Well has it since been said: "When the Army of the Potomac settled down to the siege of Petersburg, the old Second Corps— that corps which had stood at Gettysburg like a wall of fire against the assaults of Pickett, Pettigrew and IvOngstreet — was assigned the duty of acting as the reserve and at that word the old veterans who once wore the trefoil on their caps — the little red, white or blue badge so like a clover leaf — will call to mind the quick alarms, the midnight marches, the extra fatigue duties and the desperate battles which became their por- tion while the rest of the army lay entrenched before the enemy." PETERSBURG. 251 C. W. Hamlin at this date writes: "Haberman of Company B and Martin (Chum) of Company A are among the killed; Britt has returned and has been mustered-in as Lieutenant-Colonel and Sergeant Shorey as Second-Lieutenant of Campany D. Major Kirk died at City Point the day he left the division hospital. The charge of the 16th was terrible." On the 19th of June John Schwartz wrote: "Our regiment has now seventy- two men left, Company A has Hardy, Van Hise, Stubbe, Davis, McCormack and myself, Britt commands the regiment; the Fifty-Seventh, One Hundred and Eleventh, One Hundred and Twenty- Fifth and One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth New York are consolidated, Colonel Mc Dougall commands the brigade. We are having plenty of grub and hot weather. ' ' On the 21st of June the "Reserve Corps" found itself on the march by the left flank. General Grant had planned to extend his line to the left so as to embrace the Weldon Railroad and thus cut off one highway of supplies to the enemy's Capital. A member of the regiment graphically describes how our eyes were opened by this movement of the 21st, to the meaning of that gay deception, the "Reserve Corps. "He says: "Iwellremem- ber the sense of relief we felt as our column of the First Division (Barlow's) filed out of the woods where our position had been, and took the high and open road that led to the Jerusalem Plank Road. We felt like veterans whose wars were over and henceforth we would rest from bloodshed, for a season at least, far from the din of musketry and the unceasing pop, pop, pop of the pickets, 252 STORY OF A REGIMENT. that through the livelong daj^ and night kept up a Fourth- of-July racket in dead earnest. And so we congratulated ourselves on the good time that awaited us, probably on the Blackwater, a new and pleasant district toward which we were marching; but we stopped to camp and actually laid out company streets, and laj' down to sleep and pleasant dreams. Now it was that my tentmate reveled in sleep. He could afford to take one good sleep now for weren't we relieved? And so it was that, instead of getting his breakfast at the time the rest did, he didn't get any at all; for just as I had eaten mine and given him some water, an exceedingly mean-looking officer, a mounted Aid, brought orders to move at once, as they usually did when we were comfortably fixed. And so vanished that camp, and before Abe could say grace he saw the last of breakfast and was on the march again. Yet we were going to the Blackwater, so they said, and the beaming sun of June shone on a column of armed men with tranquil faces and on a dust3' road winding through green fields and pine forests far away to the rear. But presently we began to turn to the front and then we understood that we were going to another attack." The march of the 21st was south and west between the Jerusalem Plank Road and the Weldon and Peters- burg Railroad. The distance between these two roads, three miles, was to be occupied by the Second Corps on the right and the Sixth Corps on the left. The Fifty- Seventh marched rapidly at first, then coming to a place where the road turned into a woods, skirmish firing began to be heard in front and we moved cautious- PETERSBURG. 253 ly, step by step, now a little and then a little, until the wounded began to come in, some walking and some on stretchers. We still advanced until within range of the rebel batteries, when a halt was made. A detail was now called for to go out as skirmishers. It was at this time that a shell burst over the regiment killing three men and a second, killing one, besides wounding others. The names of the killed are James Tanzy, Anthony McLaugh- lin and Robert Dixon, of Company I and John Reiley, of Company E. Some of the living claimed a miraculous escape from this disaster. After a little the general line of the division was corrected; we took our place in it a little to the rear, threw up entrenchments and rested over night. On the 22nd of June the division moved to the front and right to connect with Mott's division. In doing so it was making a right wheel and this threw its left for- ward beyond the Sixth Corps, which was slow in coming up on the left of the Second. General Barlow provided for the possible coming in of the eiiemy between himself and the Sixth Corps, by throwing the left of his division in reverse. The Second, Third and Fourth Brigades in the order named from right to left, were in advance, while the First Brigade was in reserve. General Lee discovering Grant's movement toward the Weldon Rail- road sent A. P. Hill to check it and he, coming up ju.st at this time, struck the Fourth Brigade on the left and rear and simultaneously attacked, three column deep, the right flank. The break seems to have begun on the 16ft, but was quickly followed by the right, when a spon- 254 STORY OF A REGIMENT. taneous movement of the whole line took place toward the rifle-pits in the rear. This retirement was not so bad a thing, had it been carefully done, but many of the recruits threw away their luggage and by their haste -succeeded in breaking up the regimental formations, so that ], 700 men were captured, besides four guns of Mc Knight's battery. These were the first guns lost by the Second Corps since its organization and, therefore, were greatly regretted. One man of the Fifty-Seventh was killed and one was reported missing. George Kelly re- lates the following incident : ' ' We were taken out to the thick woods where we could hardly see the end of a company, and ' monke3'ed around,' as the boys used to say, till we lost our bearings and were then attacked by the enemy in three columns. When we think of the many struggles our men had with unseen foes in the woods, and the disasters which often followed, it is easy to account for the distrust we felt as we entered such places, and a certain 'backwardness to go forward,' and so it resulted here for, when the entmj' flanked us on the left, a panic ran along the line from left to right, and the whole line broke and 'skedaddled' to the rear. We had taken a position in the woods, connecting with the left of the Irish Brigade, and keeping close to the ground. Whether there was a line of skirmishers in our front or not, I never could find out, but the battle commenced, and bullets came 'zipping' through the woods — invisible shafts of death from unseen hands. Sergeant Evans had temporary command of the next company and during a lull told us that one of his men had' just been killed. PETERSBURG. 255 The bullets now came fast and our men began to fire, although no foeman could be seen in the hazy woods. I pulled the trigger, the cap snapped and as I turned to put on another, I saw the line on the left giving wa5', and the Irish Brigade on the right getting ready to go, for they were rising from the ground. A bullet crushed a sapling in front of me, so I hurridly primed my gun, aimed at the green space in the direction of the foe, fired and fell back. Then I felt solitary enough. The only man to be seen was the dead man on the ground, with a handkerchief over his face. I remember how, in my flight, I hopped over many fat haversacks which had been thrown away, probably by new recruits or con- scripts, of whom there were many now in the army, and some of them sadly impaired the morale of the rest. Upon reaching the road I met the troops all in disorder, ofi&cers and men hastening to the point from which we started; I did not stop to count them but helped to swell their numbers, catching sight of the men in gray up a wood road moving parallel to us. We reformed the line in the breastworks and waited for the rebels; but did net wait long, for they massed in the woods two hundred yards distant, made two charges but were quickly and easily repulsed. Our batteries in the breastworks had a chance to get in their work, and afterwards shelled the woods as a discourager of intimacy. Two or three days after the fighting some of our men found two wounded rebels in the woods, w-ho were brought into camp and kindly cared for. One was shot through the body and arm, and yet had- survived. He conversed calmly with 256 ■ STORY OF A REGIMENT. the boys when it seemed as though he should have been crazed or dead from his wounds and privations. The only attention they had received for their wounds was from the welcome rain, which, as usual, came down after the battle. How we had watched the skies and the rolling clouds for some promise of a change, but none was given till the cannon's deadly voice resounded over the parched hills and valleys, then the heavens relented — and how appropriate! for when men are arrayed to slay their brothers, the angels might weep as well as the sympathiz- ing clouds. ' ' General Barlow was called to account for the loss of so many men from his division and replying said: " The brigades of my front line came back in confusion under the fire from their flank and rear, no change in position, however, short of coming back to their old line could have rendered them safe. At the same time it must be admitted that the troops engaged did not meet the attack with the vigor and determination which they would have shown at an earlier period of the campaign. ' ' The prisoners taken on this occasion include only one from the Fifty-Seventh, namely, Thomas B. Sherman of Company H. He was paroled the following November but died soon after. The one man killed was Thomas Ward of Company I. The Fourth Brigade lost by capture nearly 000 men, the Second Brigade ninety-five, and the Third Brigade seventy-eight. The One Hundred Eleventh New York lost eighteen, the Thirty-Ninth lost twenty-four and the One Hundred Twenty-Fifth lost thirty. The total lost by prisoners in the First Division was 899; that PETERSBURG. 257 of the Second Division was over 1,000. It would appear from the above that the Fifty-Seventh knew how to get out of a tight place as well as how to capture rifle-pits. On the 27th of June, in compliance with special orders 146, the Second and Third Brigades were united in one and called the Consolidated Brigade, Colonel Clin- ton D. McDougall in command. There were now ten New York regiments in the brigade; the One Hundred Sixteenth Pennsylvania, of the Irish Brigade, drops out and the Seventh New York takes its place. W. A Curtis, on June 26th wrote as follows: " Mid- dleton is in command of the regiment; Shorej^ has Companies B, C and D; Sergeant Evans, Corporals Downs, Thorman, Pettit, and Kelly are present and well; Corporals Fargue and I,ee are sick; the heat is dreadful and water cannot be obtained without digging. ' ' From now on siege operations begin and are pushed forward in earnest so that most of our time is spent in digging trenches and building forts. The official diary of the corps for the early days of July says: " It is com- paratively quiet, but very hot and dusty. The customary picket and artillery firing still goes on, with mortar shell- ing as an accompaniment. The shells from the mortars look very beautiful at night as they describe long arcs with burning fuses, passing from our lines to the enemy's and from their position into our works, each one leaving a streaming tail of fire behind it. Sometimes we count as many as thirty of them in the air at the same time. Our men are protected from them and from other heavy missiles by strong bomb-proofs, so that we do not lose 258 STORY OF A REGIMENT. many killed or wounded b)- them. We have now immense earth-works with bomb-proofs, covered ways, etc. , extending for many miles across the Appomattox and James Rivers on onr right and stretching awaj' toward the South Side Railroad on our left. The redoubts are immense and all connected by curtains for infantry. There is a vast armament of artillery on both sides, which thunders away with noise enough to frighten the world, but does very little execution among the men. The fatigue is terrible to the men who are digging in the works, making new redoubts, curtains, covered ways, etc. Whole divisions of 10,000 men are detailed for fatigue duty at the same time. The works will soon form such a labyrinth that none but those who are in them daily will be able to find the way to the front, or when there to get out again." A letter of July 3rd says: " Captain Jones is com- manding the regiment; Quartermaster Snyder ^is in charge of some wagons at the front and Lieutenant Connelly is temporarily filling his place." July 12th the corps moved at three a. m. and massed in the neighborhood of the Williams House. In the afternoon the First Division passed down the Jerusalem Road four miles in support of Gregg's cavalry. The same night we were back at the front and took a position to the left of the Norfolk Rail- road, near the Deserted House. On the It'ith we were on fatigue duty destroying old rebel works at the Avery House. The 17th brought to the Fifty-Seventh sixty- four recruits, which about doubled the regiment. The first Deep Bottom march commenced on the 2()th PETERSBURG. 259 of July. We broke camp and started at four p. m., the First Division in the lead, crossed the Appomattox about nine p. m. at Point of Rocks and continued on to the James, which was reached and crossed on pontoons below Bailey's Creek about three a. m. on the 27th. General Grant's object in this movement was that the Second Corps and two divisions of the cavalry should secretlj"^ get to the north bank of the James; the cavalry to make a dash into Richmond, if the chances seemed fa\-or- able, but, if not, to destroy the two railroads east and north of the city. The latter, really, was all that was ex- pected to be accomplished though Grant thought perhaps it would draw the enemy from the vicinity of Petersburg and make better the chances of success at the Bumside mine explosion. It was particularly understood that no general assault should be made on the works at Deep Bot- tom. As it turned out the main thing accomplished was the drawing of a large part of Lee's army to the north bank of the James, a result ever}^ way worth3' of the movement. After crossing the river General Miles' brigade was sent forward to a grove on the edge of Strawberry Plains, the rest of the division being in support. At six a. m. three regiments of the advance, under command of Col- onel J. C. Lynch, pushed through the grove and across a plain to the Long Bridge Road, where they found the enemy entrenched. Upon these entrenchments General Miles charged vigorously, capturing several prisoners and four twenty-pound Parrott guns. The troops pushed on to the New Market Road, drove the enemy back to their 26o STORY OF A REGIMENT. line of forts, then returning to the Long Bridge Road, re- mained until the 29th, on the night of which the return to Petersburg began. Of the Fifty-Seventh -one officer and two men had been wounded. At three a. m. the next morning the Second Corps found itself in support of the Ninth Corps, in time to see the mine explode. This mine affair, so full of promi.se, turned out to be, not only a failure, but a disaster. The Court of Enquiry, of which Hancock was president, examined carefully and dispassionately into the whole matter and its report shows that the Elliott mine fiasco was a repetition of Burnside's Fredericksburg incapacitj', with similar results. Grant speaks officially of it in his mild but positive way as follows: "The loss in the disaster of Saturday last foots up about 3,500, of whom 450 men were killed and 2,000 wounded. It was the saddest affair I have witnessed in the war. Such opportunity for carrying fortifications I have never seen and do not expect again to have. The enemy, with a line of works five miles long, had been re- duced by our previous movements to the north side of the James River, to a force of only three divisions. This line was undermined and blown up, carrying a battery and most of a regiment with it. The enemy were taken completely by surprise and did not recover from it for more' than an hour. The crater, and several hundred yards of the enemy's line to the right and left of it, and a short detached line in front of the crater were occupied by our troops without opposition. Immediately in front of this and not 150 yards ofE, with clear ground interven- ing, was the crest of the ridge leading into town, and PETERSBURG. 261 which, if carried, the enem}- would have made no resis- tance, but would have continued a flight already com- menced. It was three hours from the time our troops first occupied their works before the enemy took possession of this crest. I am constrained to believe that, had in- structions been promptly obeyed, Petersburg would have been carried with all the artillery and a large number of prisoners without a loss of 300 men. It was in getting back to our lines that the loss was sustained. The enemy attempted to charge and retake _the line captured from them and were repulsed with heavy loss by our artillery; their loss in killed must be greater than ours, whilst our loss in wounded and captured is four times that of the enemy." The Second Corps now took up its old position near the Deserted House and remained in reserve for two weeks without disturbance. It was about August 1st that another squad of recruits, to the number of one hundred and fiftj' was added to the regiment. The 12th of August found us on the road a second time to Deep Bottom, via City Point and transports. We took posi- tion on the New Market Road, did considerable skirmish- ing and picket duty and returned to Petersburg on the 20th via Point of Rocks. Captain Bronson lost his right arm August 14th, while serving on the staff of the Third Brigade. This return march was especially trying on ac- count of an all night rain and the consequent horrid condi- tion of the roads, yet, despite its exhausted condition, the corps in a few hours after reaching its old camp, was started out again i this time toward the west. One purpose of 262 STORY OF A REGIMENT. General Grant in the second Deep Bottom attempt had been to draw the enemy from Petersburg, that General Warren and the Fifth Corps might have a better chance of success in securing the Weldon Railroad. Between the 19th and 21st of August Warren captured the road and held it against repeated attempts of I^ee to retake it. Fortifications between it and the Jerusalem Plank Road, extending our works three miles further west were now constructed. On the 21st of August the Second Corps was in support of Warren. The loss of the Weldon Railroad was verj- discour- aging to the rebels. Richmond papers were full of com- plaint and despondency, both on account of the loss of the railway and because of the loss of five generals and many men in the attempt to retake it. This road, how- ever, could be tapped a few miles from Petersburg and by a day's teaming Richmond could be reached, so Meade determined to tear up the track for several miles south and entirely destroy its usefulness to the enemy. On the 22nd of August, therefore, General Hancock was sent with his corps twelve miles south to Ream's Station. Here the First Division occupied the line of battle all of the 23rd, while the other divisions were tear- ing up the track, but on the 24th, took -its turn destroy- ing the road, while others held the line of battle. We worked southward all day from Ream's Station to Rowanty Creek and returned to the station at night. The work of destruction was begun again early on the 25th but was interrupted by an assault of the enemy. Skirmishing began about nine in the morning and at two PETERSBURG. 263. in the afternoon the first attack m force was made bj' four brigades of A. P. Hill. The Third Brigade occupied the rifle-pits near the apex of the line and the fighting was heaviest on its front. Charge after charge was made with determination by the rebels but each was repulsed. Finally the}' charged two columns deep and some new men on the left, be- longing to the Seventh New York, broke and the enemy got in on our flank, yet our boys held on, using the bayonet, until, left alone and out- numbered, many of them were taken prisoners. Several hand to hand encounters occured in this struggle. One of our boys called "Frenchie," Pettit by name, got a rebel by the collar and^ was dragging him over the breast- works when he received a bayonet thrust in the head. Charles Eichorn had a pitched battle with a "Johnie," knocked him down and was in turn knocked down, but finally got away alive. The most heroic con- duct was that of a Dane in Company I, who, when the Confederate colors were planted on our works, sprang for and grabbed them. He was instantly shot by a rebel officer, but, as he fell, held the colors in his grip, was drawn over the works and did not release his hold until they had pounded his arms and hands and fairly wrung MAP OF REAM'S STATION. 26d STORY OF A REGIMENT. the flag from his dying clutch. Our regimental colors had a narrow escape and were saved only by the valor of the color-bearer, Charlie Van Hise, who, tearing them from the staft", wrapped them around his body and thus succeeded in getting them off the field. The One Hijn- dred Eleventh of the Third Brigade lost its colors here. When the rebels turned our guns upon us, a shell ploughed into the ground and a chunk ol earth struck Captain Middleton in the back, giving him the impression that he had been hit by the shell itself. Naturally enough he concluded that his hour had come and it was .some time before he could persuade himself that he was not dead. He lost his hat and the boys joked him consid- erabl}-, saying that he was the only man in the army who lost his hat b}' being struck in the back with a cannon ball and survived the loss. Sergeant Cash and Henr^- Pettit, both of Company C, were taken prisoners but es- caped by traveling all night for three nights and hiding during the day in the bushes. Sergeant Schroeder of Company K, who was one of the wounded as well as one of the prisoners, says of others who were taken that M. Whipple died at Salisbury, N. C. with seventeen others of the regiment. In the battle of Ream's Station the Fifty-Seventh lost three in killed, one who died of wounds, six wounded and twenty-three missing, making a total loss of thirty- three. More men of our regiment were taken prisoners in this afternoon's engagement, than in any other one battle during the entire war. General Miles was in command of the First Division PETERSBURG. 265 ■when it broke and he, rallying his old regiment, the Sixty-First New York, led them in person against the enemy, retaking a part of the lost battery and recaptur- ing some of the rifle-pits. General Hancock himself reformed the stragglers and sent them back to the front. The men of the Second Division, who were supporting the First acted shamefully, each time they came under fire they broke for the rear and when ordered up they refused to move, so that Gregg's cavalr3' was dismounted and took their place, driving back most gallantly the advancing Confederates. The division referred to had done service of a most heroic kind from Fair Oaks to Petersburg, never flinch- ing, never hesitating, but the bloody battles and grinding campaign of 1864 had practically destroyed them. Of the men who formed Sedgwick's division at Camp California there probably were not enough now left to form a, single regiment and these had had nearly all the life hammered out of them. Regiments commanded one day by • a Lieutenant-Colonel would be commanded the next by a Second-i^ieutenant. The Fifty-Seventh, on the lOth and 17th of June, lost ten out of its twelve officers and the men left were in number not enough to make a respecta- ble platoon. Yet such men as these were the best in the service. Give them a rest and half a chance and they will do anything that is possible for a soldier to do. There was also a feeling that the storming of earth- works was sometimes hastily ordered and without due regard for the value of human life. The principle trouble was, however, that the army by the death and disability of H k, PETERSBURG. 267 the veterans and its filling up with conscripts and high bountied men was a new army but not a better. When the broken ranks were reformed at Ream's Station, the boys of '61 got into line and advanced, while most of the new men skulked in the woods and huddled behind trees. This last pitched battle of the Fifty-Seventh was marked, we are happ^' to sa}', by much general \-alor and individual heroism, the boys fighting desperately at close quarters and carrying its imperiled colors triumphantl)- from the field. \\'hen night came on the corps returned to its old place near the Williams House and for a time had rest. On August 31st, the Consolidated Brigade, under Lieutenant-Colonel William Wilson, contained the follow- ing New York regiments and commanding officers: Seventh Xew York (five companies) Capt. J. Schev. Thirty-Ninth (six companies) Capt. D. A. Allen. Fifty-Second (six companies) Lieut. J. Bambach. Fifty-Seventh (eight co's) Lieut. M. V B. Brower. Sixty-Third (six companies) Capt. A. Watts. Sixty-Xinth (six companies) Lieut. M. Murphy. Eighty-Eighth (five companies) Capt. J. A. Desmond. One Hundred Eleventh, Capt. E. J. Hueston. One Hundred Twenty-Fifth, Lieut. A. Reynolds. One Hundred Twenty-Sixth, Lieut. J. F. Randolph. CHAPTER XYIII. TArs. •^^ SEPTEMBER 1ST, 1864, TO JULY 14TH. 1865. 'HE illustrious career of the Fift3'-Seventli Regiment is now nearing its close. Already two companies have filled out their term of enlistment and returned home. Company F, with lyieutenants Hall and Foss, was mustered-out on the 1 1th of August and those of her men whose terms i',»o 1 o. A ^^^ j^Q^ expired and those who had re-en- listed were transferred to Company G. Companj' I was mustered-out August 13th, and her extras were sent to Company E. Now, on the 3rd of September, Company K and Lieutenant M. V. B. Brower are mustered-out and George Case follows on the 6th. There is much sickness among the soldiers, resulting from heat, bad water and the reduction of strength by excessive duties. Most of the sick are severel}- afTected with diarrhoea, that disease so common and constant among soldiers. A box containing a large quantit}' of TAPS. 269 'i- blackberry cordial, prepared by some ladies in Brooklyn, N. Y., came to camp and was distributed among the sick. Nothing better could have been sent them, surely nothing was ever more appreciated. Several of -the wounded officers and men have returned to the regiment, some to be mustered-out and some to be transferred. A letter speaks of " two citizens, ex-captains, named Broom and Favill" visiting camp. L,ieutenant Frederick has returned, though his wound is yet unhealed, and is sporting a captain's commission. Captain G. W. Jones, sometime commander of the regiment, takes leave of his comrades, carrying with him a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel. September 23rd sees most of companies B, D and A turn their faces homeward. Captain Middleton, now com- manding the regiment, with Lieutenants Shorey and Stubbe are also mustered-out. On the 24th of September four companies, with all the veterans and several men of the mustered-out com- panies whose terms had not quite expired, in all about half of the regiment as it was on August 11th, were ordered to Fort Stedman under command of Lieutenant Britton. There were no bomb-proofs in this fort and the rebel works were only a hundred feet away, so the boys were much exposed to bursting shells. Often in the evening, when it was quiet, we could hear the colored people near City Point, who used to hold religious meet- ings in the open air, sing their quaint but soulful melo- dies with such volume and earnestness as to effect listen- ers even at such a distance. At one time, when the regiment had moved a mile to the rear, it suffered greatly 270 STORY OF A REGIMENT. from spent balls. In one night three men were wounded by them. As these balls traveled fuUj' a mile they had not force enough to kill but they made some bad bruises and breastworks had to be erected in front of the tents as a protection against them. A letter from I^ieutenant George Mitchell, dated October 8th, l.S()4, says: "The corps is holding the entire front line from the Appomattox to the Fellow House. A regular chain of forts is connected with rifle- pits. The forts are stocked with artillery and mortars and these alone are garrisoned. The rifle-pits are held by skirmishers five paces apart. The rebels are doing the same, our brigade is holding about two miles of the line. There is an order that all ofiicers can be mustered- out after serving three years. Britton, now on the staff, will be mustered-out to-morrow. Connelly and Snyder are to follow, I believe. All our supernumerary sergeants are getting mustered-out. Van Hise, Hardee, Cameron, Fogg and Curtis left this morning. Middleton was mustered-out two weeks ago. I will soon be alone of all that large number of officers who have served in the Fifty- Seventh. I have sad thoughts when I think of the noble lot of boys that we once had, many of whom are buried on the numerous battlefields of Virginia, and others are disabled for life. I feel like an old man left alone without friends. ' ' The month of October, principally the 14th, saw the departure of companies C and H, with several men here and there from other companies. There were now but two companies remaining, namely E and G. These were TAPS. 27 1 veteran companies and between them were about equall}' divided the veterans from all the other companies. Of the ofi&cers mustered-out in October Lieutenant Britton was on the oth, Captain Frederick on the 7th, Lieutenants Snj'der and Connelly on the 14th, and Captain Alcoke on the 17th. The colors, after October Uth, were in charge, as color sergeant, of R. H. Fargue, who continued to carry them until the regiment was consolidated with the Sixty-First New York. An order was issued about this time for a detail of six non-commissioned officers and pruates to go to New York for the purpose of recruiting the regiment, but this order, soon after its issue, was countermanded. On the 28th, the regiment occupied the line ot defences running from Fort Haskell to Battery 12, and there were forty men present for duty, though there maj' have been double that number yet on the regimental rolls. A move is now made to the left and the boys are put under bomb-proofs at Fort Sedgwick. This fort covered about ten acres of ground and was furnished with three batteries. A surprise against the rebel works in our front was attempted and twenty- five of our men with three corporals were in the surprising party. A few of the enemy's outer guards were captured but nothing else was gained. One man of the regiment was mortally wounded. About November 1st an order was received to garrison Fort Bross and forty-two muskets are reported. This fort faced the rear and hence was not a place of special danger. There were twenty men of the Thirty-Ninth New York, and sixty men of the One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth New 2-2 STORY OF A REGIMENT. York in the garrison. Lieutenant George ?ilitchell was mustered-out November 1st. It was at Fort Bross that one of those injustices which sometimes occurred through political favor, fell to the lot of the Fifty-Seventh. A man named ^^'illiam V Hudson was appointed First-Lieutenant by the governor of New York and assigned to the Fifty-Seventh. Al- though he knew nothing about military matters, having been a soldier scarcely a month, he became commander of the regiment. Lieutenant French who had been with the regiment since 1S(;'2 and for some time had been in command, became adjutant and the two companies were in charge of sergeants. The record of promotions for the summer of 1864 are as follows, the date given being that at which the rank began. It was often one to three months later before the commission was received: J. C. Bronson Brevet Colonel, August 12th; A. M. Wright, Lieutenant- Colonel, May 5th; G. W. Jones, Lieutenant- Colonel, July 5th; G. Mit- chell, Major, November loth; J. M. Favill, Brevet Major, J. B. Winne, Surgeon, July 22nd; G. Frederick, Captain, September Sth; R. P. Richardson, Captain, September 27th; S. L. Conde, First-Lieutenant, October 19th; W. V. Hudson, First- Lieutenant, October 21st; F. Leonard, First-Lieutenant, September 29th; J. O. Edwards, First-Lieutenant, November 12th; John Bevins, First- Lieutenant, September 27th; E. L. Shorey, Second-Lieut- enant, September 22nd and L. Thomas, Secpnd-Lieuten- ant, September 27th. W. W. Potter was Brevet Colonel on the Medical Staff. TAPS. 273 A plan for replenishing the Army of the Potomac with the best material in the land had long been brewing at Washington and now began to show itself in formulated orders. General Hancock was to give up the Second Corps and become a recruiting officer. A body of men was to be gathered, principally in the eastern and middle states, to be known as the First Veteran Army Corps. It was thought that General Hancock's great popularity would attract to him many veterans who had served in the army and induce them to unite their fortunes again in the great struggle for a free country. In accepting this task he issued, November 26th, a farewell address to the men he had led so long and so well, as follows: "Soldiers of the Second Corps : — Ijn obedience to in- structions which direct me to another field of duty, I transfer the command of this corps to Major-General A. A. Humphreys United States Volunteers. I desire at parting with you to express the regret I feel at the necessity which calls for our separation. Intimately as- sociated with you in the dangers, privations and glory which have fallen to your lot during the memorable camp- aigns of the past two years, I now leave you with the warmest feelings of affection and esteem. Since I have had the honor to serve with you, you have won the right to place upon your banners the historic names of Antie- tam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wil- derness, Po, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Ream's Station, Boydton Road and many others, which attest the gallant bearing of the intrepid officers and men of the Second Corps on the bloodiest 274 STORY OF A REGIMENT. fields of the war. The dauutless valor displayed by them in. many brilliant assaults on the enemy's strongest positions; the great number of guns, colors, prisoners and other trophies of war captured by them in many desperate combats; their unswerving devotion to duty and heroic constancy under all the dangers and hardships which such campaigns entail, have won for them an imperish- able renown and the grateful admiration of their country- men. The story of the Second Corps will live in hi.story and to its officers and men will be ascribed the honor of having served their country with unsurpassed fidelity and courage. Conscious that whatever military honor has fallen to me during my association with the Second Corps has been wOn by the gallantry of the officers and soldiers that I have commanded, I feel that in parting from them I am severing the strongest ties of my military life. The distinguished officer who succeeds me is en- titled to your entire confidence. His record assures you that in the hour of battle he will lead you to victory." General Hancock reviewed the Second Corps, or all of it that could be spared from garrison duty, and the farewell was truly a sad one, especially to the veterans who had fought so many battles under his leadership. There was some relief to this sadness in the expectation that he would not be absent when the spring campaign opened, but he never returned to the Army of the Potomac. On the 30th of November the Fifty-Seventh broke camp at Fort Bross, marched past the Fifth Corps and took a position which had been held by a part of the Ninth Corps. There were huts here and the boys TAPS. 275 thought themselves fortunate to have shelter, as it began to be cold at night, but the huts had to be pulled down, moved and set up again farther away from the line. The rebel works were within forty yards of our own and much of the time, by common consent, no firing was done, then the exchanging of coffee and salt for tobacco began, as it always did when the two armies could get peaceably near to each other. Here the regiment remained until December 6th, when it was ordered to move to the right and rear and, with the Fifty-Second New York, to be in position at two a. m. in Fort Emory. There were huts here also which were gratefully occupied. Captain Reid was now in command and was busied principally in making arrangements for the transfer of the regiment to the Sixty-First New York. The date of the official transfer is December 6th, 1864, but the actual transfer did not take place until later. On the 15th the transfer rolls were made out. Eight days rations were issued and a steer added for fresh meat. The weather was getting quite wintry and shelter was necessary both day and night. December 23rd, 1864, the old Fifty- Seventh, in all sixty-four officers and men, pitched its tents with the Sixty-First New York and thereafter, as a regi- ment, ceased to be. The Sixty-First was the regiment of General F. C. Barlow and General Nelson A. Miles and was one of the best in the service. It saved the day at Ream's Station and on many other battlefields had won renown. It was in the First Brigade of our division and corps and was now commanded by Colonel George W. Scott. Robert 276 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Fargue says: "Shortly after noon on the 23rd, accom- panied by my color guard, I took the grand old flag of the Fifty-Seventh up to Colonel Scott and, as I placed them in his hand, I could not repress a tear for the grand old regiment, with which we had been so closely associ- ated for nearly three years and a half, was now no more. Thence forward we would represent companies G and K in the Sixty-First New York." The colors were boxed and sent to New York. Of the new company K the cap- tain was A. J. Lieberman, the Orderly Robert Fargue, who was also brevetted Second-Lieutenant Of Company G the Captain was W. Y. Hudson and the Orderly G. W. Dykeman. Among the officers transferred to the Sixty-First, with the date of their discharge, are the names of J. E. Bronson, December 30th, 1864, J. W. Britt, Jan- uary 5th, 1865, W. H. French, March 4th, John H. Erickson, May 12th, William Reid and J. B. Winne, July 14th. E. L. Palmer, who had been a prisoner since Aug- ust 2nd, 1863, was now exchanged, promoted to First- lyieutenant and finally mustered-out July 14th, 1865, with the regiment. The total losses of the Fifty-Seventh Regiment from its enlistment to its muster-out is given as follows: Kill- ed — five officers and sixty men, died of wounds — three officers and thirty-five men, wounded — twenty-nine officers and 298 men, missing — one officer and eighty-three men, died of disease — one officer and sixty-five men, shot for desertion — one man, making a total of 581. Of those reported missing, twenty-eight died in rebel prisons. It only remains for us to trace briefly the fortunes of TAPS. 277 those comrades who, though enrolled with another regi- ment, still considered themselves members of the Fifty- Seventh and were now but filling full the measure of its honorable service to the close of the war. The spring campaign opened rather suddenly and, to the Union army, in a manner unexpected; it was no less than a temporary capture of Fort Stedman by the rebels under General Gordon. In the early morning of March 25th a surprise, well planned and favored by a dense mist, succeeded in getting possession of our rifle-pits and the fort. A part of the surprising party took the road for City Point and got there — as prisoners of war. About one-half of Lee's army was engaged in this movement. Its ultimate object was to turn our right flank, get the Army of Northern Virginia out of Petersburg and continue the war further south. It did not take long for the Union forces to wake up to the situation and by eight a. m. the fort was again in our hands, the rebels having lost about 4,000 men in killed, wounded and prisoners. This Fort Stedman attempt proved to General Grant that Lee was anxious to get away from Petersburg and he determined not to let him, so started his army for the capture of the South Side Railroad earlier than he had planned. General Ord made the first move on the 27th of March from the James River to a point thirty-six miles west. On the 29th General Sheridan with 13,000 cavalry moved towards Five Forks supported by General Warren and the Fifth Corps. April 1st the battle of Five Forks was fought and won with great loss to the Confederates. A general assault on Petersburg occurred the following 278 STORY OF A REGIMENT. day and the first line of forts was captured. On the 3rd I,ee was in full retreat westward, with the hope of gain- ing Danville but Sheridan pushed on rapidly and suc- ceeded in getting to Burke's Station before him. On the afternoon of the 5th Lee reached Amelia Court House but the Second and Fifth Corps were at Jetersville, thus cut- ting him off entirely from Danville. His next hope was Lynchburg. The two armies now moved on parallel lines. The 6th of April was a day of running fights between the Second Corps and the rear guard of the Confederates |-tl y C<....n...T. . UlA^n- MAP OF THE LAST RETREAT. under General Gordon. At Sailor's Creek a stand was made by the rebels which cost them heavy losses. Dur- ing the day nearly 2,000 prisoners were taken besides 300 wagons. The roads were strewn with luggage, tents, wagons, etc., thrown away by the retreating army. Farmville was reached on the 7th and the Appomattox River crossed; nineteen guns and 130 wagons had been captured during the day. On the 8th the flight and pursuit continued westward, Sheridan and the Fifth Corps on the south side of the river pushing ceaselessly toward Appomattox Court House. Late in the afternoon TAPS. 279 of the 8th Custer reached Appomattox Station and cap- tured the train load of rations upon which I,ee was depending to provision his army. By the next morning, the ever-to-be remembered 9th of April, 1865, the infantry occupied Appomattox Court House and I^ee was efEect- iially cut off from Lynchburg, his only refuge. General Grant while at Farmville on the 7th sent his first note to General Lee asking the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia. The latter responded that, while he did not see a present necessity for this, he would be willing to consult concerning terms of peace. Grant replied that he had no authority to arrange terms of peace but desired the cessation of war by the surrender of those now in 'arms against the government of the United States. Lee, finding his last hope gone, signed the terms of capi- tulation in the house of Wilmer McLean at Appomattox Court House, the 9th day of April, 1865. The ponfer- ence began about one p. m. and concluded about two p. m. The boys of the Fifty-Seventh were with the Second Corps in the pursuit of the Confederates and on the 9th were beside the road as General Grant and his staff passed to meet General Lee. After the surrender they were on picket duty to keep the two armies from passing back and forth until the paroles were completed. They remained in the vicinity of Petersburg until the end of the month, were at Washington in the final review on May 23rd and were officially mustered-out July 14th, 1865. The following table of losses is taken from the official reports of the State of New York. The cor- rection of a few known errors has been made : 28o STORY OF A REGIMENT. TABLE OF LOSSES OF THE 57th N. Y. V. I. AS GIVEN BY FREDERICK PHISTERER, ADJUTANT GENERAL, N.Y. DATE. Killed Wounded Mis Died Recov'd < PLACE. 1 6 a u 3 1 a ss a 4 Q H X a II V) u E Q SS is n S < Fair Oaks, Va . June I, 1862 . 18 Seven Day's Battles, June 25-July 2, 1862. 8 I 8 35 52 Antietam, Md .... Sept. 17, 1862 . 3 16 9 6 64 3 101 Fredericksburg, Va Dec. 11-13, 1862 I 8 I 9 7 61. I 88 Chancellorsville, Va . May 1-3, 1863 . 2 2 26 I 31 Gettysburg, Pa. . . July 1-3, 1863 . 4 2 26 2 34 Coffee Hill, Va. Oct. 14, 1863 •. 5 I 13 19 Mine Run Campaign, Va. . . Nov. 26; to Dec. 2, 1863. I I 2 Wilderness, Va. May 5-7, 1864. . I 6 5 I 44 I 5» Petersburg, Va June 15-19, '64. 3 2 6 8 30 I 50 Weldon Railroad, Va . June 21-23, '64- 5 I 6 Deep Bottom, Va. . July 27-29, '64. 2 2 Second Deep Bottom, Va Aug. 14-18, 1864 I 1 1 3 Ream's Station, Va Aug. 25, 1864. 3 I 6 23 3S Petersburg, Va. Sept. ist,to Dec. 6, 1864. . . . 2 1 13 I 17 Died of Disease . 66 Shot for Desertion . . 1 I c 60 3 35! 2q 298 I I 83 581 NOTES: Of those reported missing twenty-eight died in rebel prisons. Of those wounded many were maimed for life. In many cases not reported here disease was contracted in the service by exposure and fatigue from which death resulted after the war closed. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL U. S. GRANT. CHAPTER XIX. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. THE FOLIvOWIXG PAPERS ARE THOUGHT WORTH PRESERVING AND ARE THEREFORE INCORPORATED HEREWITH. THE STONEMAN LETTER. Office of Cavalry Bureau. Washington, D. C, Sept. 3rd, 1863. Colonel Fifty-Seventh New York Volunteer Infantry. My Dear Sir: I presume that you and the fine regiment under your command may have thought it strange that I have never in an official capacity recognized the value of the services rendered by your regiment in the reconnoissance made toward the Rappahannock River, in March, 18(32. The reason is that I never made an official report in writing of the services performed by the cavalry under my command, aided and supported by the Fift}-Seventh New York \'^olunteers, though I have often spoken in terms of the highest praise of the conduct of all concerned on that occasion. Suffice it to say that the information we were sent to obtain was procured to the satisfaction of the general then commanding the Army of the Potomac; that it was the first reconnoissance of the kind that had been performed by anj^ portion of that fine army; that owing to the extraordinary inclemency of the weather, no expedition has up to this time had more obstacles to contend with, and no troops ever behaved better, and few have 282 STORY OF A REGIMENT. suffered more. The expe^tion and its results were spoken of in the most flattering terms by the Prince de Joinville in his published memoirs, and was in the opinion of all in every way most creditable. Please convey my thanks to all the officers and men of the Fifty-Seventh in such manner as you may think proper, and believe me one and all. Sincerely your friend and servant, George Stoneman, Major-General Chief of Cavalry. THE SIGNAL CORPS. J. C. Paine. At the time I was detailed, the Signal Corps was made up of one officer from each brigade throughout the entire army. The following year, by an act of congress the Signal Corps was made a branch of the regular army. A physical and military examination was ordered before an examining committee, composed of regular army officers and surgeon of which Brigadier-General Albert J. Meyer was a member. The Signal Corps now consisted of one colonel, two majors, twelve captains, twt;nt5— five first-lieutenants, fiftj- second-lieutenants and 250 enlisted men. These were divided into detachments and assigned to division headquarters throughout the entire army east and west. A small number were detailed for general service at headquarters, Army of the Potomac, myself among the number. At first the duties and benefits of a signal officer, were not fully understood by commanding officers, but this rapidly wore away and service in the corps became very interesting and pleasant to those commis- sioned in it. The standing of the officers was determined by their energy, the reliability of their observations and reports, and their efficiency imder perilous circumstances. A signal flag in motion was invariably made a target for a shell or sharpshooters, as the enemy well knew the purposes of that flag. At Harrison's Landing the fire of the gunboats was entirely directed by signal officers. During our winter quarters on the Rappahannock, observation sta- tions wf>re constructed on the summits of Pony and Clarke MISCEIvLANEOUS PAPERS. 283 Mountains, just outside of our main line of entrench- ments, but protected b\' weekly details of cavalry and infantry. From these two points nearly the entire camp of General I^ee's forces was exposed to view. To Pony Mountain where I was quartered, a very large observation telescope was sent from the Smithsonian Institute and with this, in ordinary weather, could be distinguished cavalry from infantry twenty miles away. It was the rule to report to headquarters every four liours everything that took place within the range of that ^lass. It did not take very long to locate the headquar- ters signal station of the army opposite us, as also two other stations. We were in possession of a copy of their code and, bj' this means, intercepted everything that passed between them. At night we always set the glass on the main rebel station. Their methods of operating were very similar to our own, and night messages by their torches were readily deciphered. One night the officer on duty at the glass sent an orderly to call me, as some- thing unusual was taking place on the other side of the Rap- pahannock. The night was very dark and the air clear, we could hear some of our own men talking in the camps at our feet a mile and a half away. I was soon at the glass and repeated to the ofi&cer with me the numerals as thej' were made by the waving torch of the Confederates. It was quite a lengthy message from General Lee to Gen- eral Stuart, the import of which was that a forced recon- noissance was to be made at daylight upon our right and rear. In emergencies like this or where night attacks ^vere anticipated, a rocket from Pony Mountain would indicate to headquarters near Brandy Station that an important report was about to be communicated. In less than an hour a considerable force of cavalry and infantr}' under General Buford were on the march toward Stuart's point of crossing, but failed to reach there in time to pre- vent him. The engagement lasted, however, nearly all the morning, with a considerable loss on both sides but Stuart was compelled to recross the river without accom- plishing his purpose. The night before the assault of March 31st, 1865, I was ordered to join the staff of Major-General Ord who ■with the principal portion of the Army of the James, had 284 STORY OF A REGIMENT. crossed that river and moved to our extreme left, to co- operate and support the cavalry under Sheridan. For the next week this flying column of cavalry and infantry, with one light battery, had a hustling time of it. On the 8th day two divisions of infantry, one white and the other black, marched thirty-two miles, and on the morning of the 9th of April we found ourselves at Appomattox Court House, with the cavalry massed in the woods and in the rear of the retreating Confederates. When General Gordon on that morning began moving toward the court house and saw these two divisions of infantry deploy out in line of battle from so unexpected a direction he caused a white flag to be displayed. Gen- eral Ord directed me to reply to the flag of truce, which was the last bit of "signaling" I was called upon to per- form-. The capitulation took place at 4 o'clock the same day, of which it was my good fortune to be an eye witness. As General Lee emerged from the McLean House to return to his lines, those of us on the porch stood at attention and saluted him, which he appro- priately acknowledged. This closed my field service as a signal officer. THE INVALID CORPS. H. M. BREWSTER. Having been seriously wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg December 11th, lSiV2, and the wound not healing, and knowing that I could no longer endure hardships with our regiment at the front, in August 1863, I started for the regiment, to see those who were there, bid them good bye and resign. Passing through Washington on my way I met Major Bell, formerly of the Fifty-Seventh, but now of the Invalid Corps, and he strongly advised me to join it. From him I learned that the Invalid Corps was to consist of officers and men who had been so disabled by wounds or disease as to be unfitted for duty at the front, but could be of service in camp or garrison, and thus relieve for the front, able-bodied men who were performing these duties: On thinking over the matter it seemed to me this was a thing I could do, so I was transferred to the Invalid Corps, beginning as adjutant of the depot camp in Wash- ington. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 285 The duties of the Invalid Corps, while not as dangerous as those at the front, were in some respects harder and more tr3'ing. I have known men to be on duty as patrol, guarding prisoners or watching public property, continuously for three weeks with no relief, standing guard two hours on and four off. These were disabled men, many with only one arm, some with serious wounds, and in a cit}- where uniforms and equipments must be kept in first-class condition. The greater part of these comrades would have been glad to be at the front had they been able. It was my fortune to be on duty in Washington during the winter and spring of 1S64 and '65, and the eventful scenes of that momentous time are fresh in my memory to-day. The night that President Lincoln was killed is one of these. Having been on duty at the headquarters of the garrison that evening until about 9 o'clock, I at that hour left the office in charge of a clerk and orderly with instructions to send for me should there be anything wanted. On my wa5' home, the torchlight procession of the workmen from the arsenal, who were parading in honor of the raising of the flag on Fort Sumpter that day, passed. Reaching the house I laid down and it seemed not more than fifteen minutes when the ringing footsteps of a horse rapidly ridden were heard. In a moment more the terrible news of the shooting of the President was announced. Hurrying to headquarters I found it full of excited men. My horse was soon ready for me to go to Long and Aqueduct Bridges with orders to allow no one to pass without a permit from Secretary Stanton. Before I started on this errand the general called me into his private ofiBce and said: "It is thought there is an organized plan to assassinate manj' prominent men to-night, and if that is so the}' won't let 3'ou carry orders. Look out for 3'our- self. " It was a dark, rainy and never to be forgotten night. Our grand President Lincoln, whom every soldier loved, shot from behind by a coward. What next ! Now there shall be no more ' 'kidglove business. ' ' Treason is a crime and shall be punished. The next day Lincoln was dead and the flag on the White House draped with black, was at half-mast. 286 SrORY OF A REGIMENT. THE VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. O. F. Middleton. The Hancock Veteran Corps was raised by a special order of the War Department in October of 1804, and was called the First Veteran Volunteer Corps. It was the intention, had the war continued, to place them in front of the Army of the Potomac, as none were enlisted who had not served honorably at least two years. Its officers were selected by General Hancock personally. But before the corps was ready to take the field, the war was over, and the different regiments were sent to different cities to take charge ot the muster-out of the state troops. They were then sent to take charge of Quartermaster's and purveyor's stores; in fact the}' acted as regulars in the eastern cities and were finally mustered-out in the sum- mer of 1866. CLERK AT BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS. JOHN SCHWARTZ. The position of clerk is one to which very often is attached great responsibility for he frequently has know- ledge of the intended movements of troops before it is given to regimental commanders, ina.<;much as it is his duty to copy the orders from all other superior head- quarters and prepare them for the signature of the Assistant Adjutant-General, who is the mouth piece of the general commanding the brigade. It is also his duty to compile the different regimental reports of all kinds and prepare consolidated reports for forwarding; to endorse and file all communications pa.ssing through general headquarters; to keep a record of them and to take care of all books and papers belonging to the adjutant-general's office. As he is a fixture at head- quarters and not really required to go into actual engage- ments, he generally survives his superior officers, who either meet with casualty or are promoted and the clerk is supposed to be acquainted with all orders and official communications concerning the brigade. There is a constant change of adjutant-generals, but the clerk remains. He is detailed from the ranks for this duty and, being awa^- from his command, falls out of the line of promotion and is therefore not likely to be advanced in rank. His work is almost constant in the office, .so he MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 287 is exempt from fatigue, guard or picket duty and also from drill. On the march, he generally manages to have a horse to ride and keeps with the headquarters, wagon or rides with the orderlies. He draws the same pay as any other private, messes with the orderlies and sleeps in his office or wherever his desk is put. On the march he is frequently made use of as an orderly to carry dispatches. THE EXPERIENCE OF A WOUNDED SOLDIER. AI.EX P. FISKE. Being shot June 1st, iSQ'i, at Fair Oaks, I was taken from the field and placed among other wounded, under the great trefi mentioned in an early published book on the war and made prominent by a somewhat amus- ing picture that represented the wounded laid on the ground beneath it in rows with the precision of a dress parade. L,ater I was taken in an ambulance to a negro cabin, near the mansion house used by the sur- geons as a hospital, and given a place on the floor through the kindness of General O. O. Howard, who occupied one of the beds, the other being occupied by his brother, a member of his staff, also wounded that day. General Howard's arm was amputated that afternoon and as he was returning to his bed after the operation he looked over the side of the stretcher as he passed and said, "Fiske, it's your turn next." The surgeons however thought it too late in the afternoon for operating or that it could properly be postponed to the next day, when it was decided to take the chances of saving it. Early the following morning an ambulance carried us to the railroad. Captain Howard and myself on the movable stretchers, while General Howard, against the urgent re- monstrances of the surgeons, rode with the driver and finally got down and walked, which those who were left in the ambulance jolting over a ploughed field, thought a decidedly judicious change. We were placed alongside the railroad track, until a train backed up when we were put on freight cars and taken to White House. Here oc- curred the celebrated interview between the two famous generals, each of whom had lost an arm in battle. " When General Phil. Kearney rode up and complimented Gen- 288 STORY OF A REGIMENT. eral Howard in glowing terms on his gallantry in the fight of the previous day, also expressing the deepest sympathy for him in the loss of his arm, General How- ard suggested that now they could buy their gloves in pairs. At White House I was again indebted to General Howard for a valuable service in being taken, with him, on board the steamboat that was the headquarters of the Sanitary Commission. From their staff of nurses I re- ceived every possible attention until sent with a boat-load of wounded to Fortress Monroe and then on to New York. No one who was not a beneficiary, or an eye wit- ness of the benefits rendered by that commission to the sick and wounded soldiers of our armies, can have an}- just idea of its great work, or understand the personal devotion to their weary labors of its field workers; con- spicuous and foremost among whom were the gentle hand- ed and tender hearted women who were constantly with the hospital, and by their presence and sympathy doing as much as, or more, to relieve suffering than medicine or surgical skill. After reaching home I was treated by doc- tors not in the army, who confirmed the opinion of the surgeons in the field that amputation was not necessary, so the leg was saved, with a partial recovery of the use of the knee joint. My wound, with its results, was consid- ered of such unique character that our brigade surgeon, Dr. G. Grant, placed in the "Medical and Surgical Historj^ of the War of the Rebellion," a record of the case. GENERAL GRANT'S OPINION. AS TO THE RELATIVE STRENGTH AND FIGHTING QUALITIES OF THE TWO ARMIES. ' ' There has always been a great conflict of opinion as to the number of troops engaged in every battle fought between the sections, the South magnifying the number of Union troops engaged and belittling their own, and Northern writers have fallen, in many instances, into the same error. I have often heard gentlemen, who were thoroughly loyal to the Union, speak of what a splendid fight the South had made and successfully continued for four years before 54elding, with their twelve million of people against our twenty, and of the twelve four being colored slaves, non-combatants. In the North, the coun- MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 289 try, the towns and the cities presented about the same appearance they do in time of peace. The furnace was in blast, the shops were filled with workmen, the fields were cultivated, not only to supply the population of the North and the troops invading the South, but to ship abroad to pay a part of the expense of the war. In the North the press was free up to the point of open treason. The citizen could entertain his views and express them. Troops were necessarj- in the Northern States to prevent prisoners from the Southern army being released by out- side force, armed and set at large to destroy by fire our Northern cities. Plans were formed by Northern and Southern citizens to burn our cities, to poison the water supplying them, to spread infection by importing clothing from infected regions, to blow up our river and lake steamers — regardless of the destruction of innocent lives. The copperhead disreputable portion of the press magni- fied rebel successes, and belittled those of the Union army. It was, with a large following, an auxiliary to the Confederate army. The North would have been much stronger with a hundred thousand of these men in the Confederate ranks and the rest of their kind thoroughly subdued, as the Union sentiment was in the South. The whole South was a military camp. The colored people, four million in number, were submissive, and worked in the field and took care of the families while the able-bodied white men were at the front fight- ing for a cause destined to defeat. The cause was popu- lar, and was enthusiastically supported by the young men.- The conscription took all of them. Before the war was over, further conscriptions took those between fourteen and eighteen years of age as junior reserves, and those between forty-five and sixty as senior reserves. Under such circumstances it is hard to conceive how the North showed such a superiority of force in every battle fought. I know they did not. It is safe to say that more than half the National army was engaged in guard- ing lines of supplies, or were on leave, sick in hospitals or on detail which prevented their bearing arms. Then, again, large forces were employed where no Confederate army confronted them. I deem it safe to say that there were no large engagements where the National numbers ago STORY OF A REGIMENT. compensated for the advantage of position and entrench- ment occupied by the enemy." ' ' In estimating our strength ever}- enlisted man and every commissioned officer present is included, no matter how employed; in bands, sick in field hospitals, hospital attendants, company cooks and all. Operating in an enemy's country, and being supplied always from a dis- tant base, large detachments had at all times to be sent from the front, not only to guard the base of supplies and the roads to it, but all the roads leading to our flanks and rear. We were also operating in a country unknown to us, and without competent guides or maps showing the roads accurately. The manner of estimating numbers in the two armies differs materially. In the Confederate army often only bayonets are taken into account; never, I believe, do they estimate more than are handling the guns. Officers and details of enlisted men are not included. In the Northern armies the estimate is most liberal, taking in all connected with the army and drawing pay. Estimated in the same manner as ours, Lee had not less than 80,000 men at the start, (Wilderness.) His reinforce- ments were about equal to ours during the campaign, deducting the discharged men and those sent back. He was on the defensive, and in a country in which ever)' stream, every road, every obstacle to the movement of troops and every natural defense was familiar to him and his army. The citizens were all friendly to him and his cause and could and did furnish him with accurate re- ports of our every move. Rear guards were not neces- sary for him, and having always a railroad at his back, large wagon trains were not required. All circumstances considered we did not have any advantage in numbers. ' ' "There were good and true officers who believe now that the Army of Northern \'^irginia was superior to the Army of the Potomac man for man. I do not believe so, except as the advantages spoken of above (of position, etc. ) made them so. Before the end of the war I believe the difference was the other way. ' ' "General Grant speaking of the armies as they appeared at the final review at Washington said: "The troops were hard 5', being immured to fatigue, and they appeared in their respecti\'e camps as ready and fit for MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 291 dutj' as they had ever been in their lives. I doubt whether any equal body of men of any nation, take them man for man, officer for officer, was ever gotten together that would have proved their equal in a great battle. ' ' BURIAL OF THE DE^D. A. M. DOWNS. After the battle of the Wilderness, while the Fifty- Seventh was at Fredericksburg, the weather was ex- tremely hot, the death rate among the wounded was appalling and no arrangements had been made for burials. One evening I saw a part}- covering up some dead soldiers who seemed to lay on the top of the ground ; asking why they did not bury them, I was told that in that hole there were sixteen bodies, four deep. I went direct to the Provost Marshal and reported the case. He said he would like to have this different, but every man was on duty constantly and no one would take so disagreeable a task. I volunteered and went with him to select a spot not far from the city; surgeons were notified to mark each soldier with name, company and regiment, and Captain Wright arranged for teams and detailed four men to dig the trenches. On the first trip sixteen bodies were loaded into each wagon; the trenches were dug long enough for ten bodies; the burial service was read by the Christian Commission; each soldier was wrapped in his blanket and when all were covered a head board with name was placed for each. Sixty-seven soldiers, some of whom had been dead nearly a week, were interred the first day. Their names were reported to headquarters each evening. I attended to this duty for about four weeks, as long as there were any soldiers to bury and kept a careful record of fully eight hundred interments. At the close of the war the dead of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were gathered in a central place and the National Cemetery at Fredericksburg thus completed. Here lie more than 16,000 brave men awaiting on the banks of the Rappahannock the final reveille. Since writing the chapter on Fredericksburg it has been ascertained that Burr Parsons of Company D, was one of the number who brought off the flag from the field on that fateful day of December 13th, ]8()2. 292 STORY OF A REGIMENT. The whole number of men who enlisted in the Fifty- Seventh from the beginning to the end is 1,070. The total casualties were 581. MEN OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH BURIED IN NATIONAL CEMETERIES. THE DATE OF DEATH .\XD PLACE OF BURIAL IS GIVEX. G. H. Chichester, Comp. I, died Oct ii, '64, Andersonville. Iv. Curry, Comp. A, died Sept. 2, '64, Andersonville. Fish, Comp. K, died Aug. 15, '64. Andersonville. F. Froworth, Comp. I, died Sept. 12, '64, Andersonville. Dan'l McCullen, Comp. F, died Sept. 12, '64, Andersonville. J. Meyer, Comp. F, died Nov. i, '64, Andersonville. John Reeves, Comp. H, died June 5, '64, Andersonville. James Smyth, Comp. B, died Nov. 4, '64, Andersonville. C. Warrell, Comp. I, died Oct. 17, '64, Andersonville. A. J. Wilson, Comp. A, died Aug. 16, '64, Andersonville. Donald Bayne, Comp. D, died July 4, '64, Andersonville. Adam Spend, Comp. F, died Feb. 17, '65, Salisbury, N. C. M. Whipple, Comp. K, died June 24, '65, Salisbury, N. C. J. Canence, Comp. E, died Dec. 12, '64, Salisbury, N. C. Henry Dean, Comp. C, died Nov. i, '64, Salisbury, N. C. John McCabe, Comp. C, died Dec. 6, '64, Salisbury, N. C. A. Devine, Comp. E, died Glendale, Va. G. S. Rogers, Comp. I, died Aug. 14, '62, Philadelphia, Pa. J. Delauey, Comp. C, died Dec. 26, '62, Frederick, Md. E. Hoffman. Comp. C, died '64, Prince George C. H., Va. Jas. I/ynch, Comp. D, died Jan. 22, '64, Florence, N. C. N. Crox, Comp. A, died March 2, '64, Augusta, Ga. R. Purcell, Comp. D, died June '64, Cold Harbor, Va. John Jaquette, Comp. H, died Oct. 17, '62, Winchester, Va. J. Fryer, Comp. D, died July 31, '62, Yorktown, Va. Thos. McGuire, Comp. E, died May 7; '62, Yorktown, \'a. R. Stanford, Comp. F, died July 27, '62, Yorktown, Va. E. Sambo, Comp. D, died May 2, '62, Yorktown, Va. J. L. Strunk, Comp. A, died May 30, '62, Yorktown, Va. T. H. Wilson, Comp. B, died April 26, '62, Yorktown, Va. W. Conroy, Comp. H, died April 3, '65, Yorktown, Va. Chas. Armstrong, Comp. G, June i6, '64, Poplar Grove, Va. E. W. Kummell, Comp. C, Poplar Grove, Va. A. La Croix, Comp. A, March 2, '64, Marietta, Ga. Chas. Bidden, Comp. B, died Aug. 17, '62, Point Lookout, Md. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 293 D. Kelly, Comp. I, died Feb. 18, '65, Hilton Head, S. C. S. R. Swaine, Comp. A, died Nov. 16, '62, Albany, N. Y. Chris. Lynch, Comp. H, died Oct. 30, '63, Albany, N. Y. Edw. Lambert, Comp. D, died Aug. 22. '64, Albany, N. Y. L. Hancock, Comp. H, died July 10, '64, Arlington, Va. A. Miller, Comp. A, died July 20, '64, Arlington, Va. J. Melloy, Comp. E, died Nov. 3, '64, Arlington, Va. F. Hence, Comp. A, died Feb. 27, '64, Richmond, Va. F. Pant, Comp. B, died March 3, '64, Richmond, Va. Jas. Clary, Comp. C, died '63, Fredericksburg, Va. W. H. Ambler, Comp. D, died July 2, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. D. Smith, Comp. I, died July 2, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. John Smith, Comp. D, died July 2, '63, Gettysburg, Pa. W. O. Atkins, Comp. D, died Nov. 8, '62, Washington, D. C. A. Goodman, Comp. B, died March 19, '62, Washington, D. C. G. Gregory, Comp. K, died Dec. 17, '62, Washington, D. C. J. Hauser, Comp. K, died Oct. 15, '63, Washington, D. C. A. Kitzing, Comp. H, died Jan. 12, '63, Washington, D. C. E. Larkins, Comp. A, died June, 20, '63, Washington, D. C. C. E. Lawrence, Comp. E, died Nov. 16, '63, Washington, D. C. Edw. Morris, Comp. C, died March 12, '63, Washington, D. C. Chas. Mallet, Comp. F, died Jan. 2, '63, Washington, D. C. Jas. O. Reiley. Comp. A, died Oct. 18, '62, Washington, D. C. P. Barrett. Comp. I, died July 5, '64, Annapolis, Md. John Rice, Comp. G, died March 26, '65, Annapolis, Md. Wm. Mehans, Comp. F, died Nov. 30, '64, Annapolis, Md. T. B. Sherman, Comp. H, died Dec. 9, '64, Annapolis, Md. John Wills, Comp. B, died Oct. 11, '62, Antietam, Md. C. Stillwell, Comp. K, died Oct. 11, '62, Antietam, Md. H. Bugbee, Comp. K, died Oct. 20, '62. Antietam, Md. J. Ridgley, Comp. K, died June 12, '62, Portsmouth, Va. D. Gilmartin, Comp. E, died Aiig. 23, '62, Hampton, Va. A. Hes=, Comp. A, died May 18, '62, Hampton, Va. J. O'Keefe, Comp. G, died Aug. 17, '62, Hampton, Va. M. 0"Donnell, Comp. G, died June 20, '65, Alexandria, va. M. Ford, Comp. I, died Feb. 22, '64, Alexandria, Va. W. H. Sarles, Comp. D, died Feb. 24, "62, Alexandria, Va. D. Simons, Comp. B, died Dec. 21, '63, Alexandria, Va. Jacob Westfall, Comp. A, died Feb. 27, "64, Alexandria, Va. John Lambert, Comp. F, died May 25, '64, Cypress Hills, L. I. Jas. Lynch, Comp. D, died May 24, '64, Cypress Hills, L. I. W. Kirk, Major, died June. 20, '64, City Point, Va. 294 STORY OF A REGIMENT. B. H. Walker, Comp. E, died June 25, '65, City Point, Va. H. Murphey, Comp. H, died Feb. 28, '65, City Point, Va. W. W. Osborn, Comp. K, died June 30, '64, City Point, Va. C. Sherry, Comp. G, died Oct. 29, "64, City Point, Va. J. Vasneer, Comp. G, died Oct. 24, '64, City Point, Va. register of officers. (from adjutant-generai,',s report, s. n. v., 1868.) THE FIR.ST DATE GIVEN IS THE DATE OF THE COMMISSION AND THE SECOXD IS THE DATE OF RAXK. COLONELS: Samuel K.Zook, Dec. 2i'6i, Oct.19,'61, pro to brig-gen April 23, '63. Alford B. Chapman, July 20, '63, April 24, '63, killed May 5, '64. James W. Britt, July 27, '64, May 5, '64, mus-out Jan. 5, '65. LIEUTENANT-COLONELS: John A. Page, Dec. 21, '61, Sept. 30, '61, disc Feb. i, '62. P. J. Parisen, July i8,'62, Feb. 3, '62, k at Antietam. Sep. 17, '62. Alford B. Chapman, Oct. 29, '62, Sept. 17, '^2, pro to col July 20, '63. James W. Britt, July 20, '63, April 24, '63, m-o Jan. 5, '65. Augustus M. Wright, July 27, '64. Mays, '64, d sf w July 2, '64. George W. Jones, Aug. 22, '64, July 5, '64, m-o Aug. 13, '64. J. C. Bronson, Sept. 24, '64, Aug. 12 '64, brevt col, m-o Dec.i6,'64. MAJORS: Philip J. Parisen, Dec. 21; '61, Nov. 11, '61. pro to It-col July 18, '62. A. B. Chapman, Aug. 30, '62, Feb. 3, '62, pro to It-col Oct.29,'62. N. Garrow Thioop, Oct. 27, '62, Sept. 17, '62, d of w Jan. 12, '63. John H. Bell, Jan. 19, '63, Jan. 12, '63, tr to vet res c June 18, '63. William A. Kirk, Aug. 10, '63, April 24, '63, d of w June 20, '64. George W. Jones, July 27, '64, July 4, '64, pro to It-col Aug. 22, '64. James C. Bronson, Aug. 22, '64, July 5, '64, pro to It-col Sept. 24, '64. George Mitchell, Nov. 15, '64, Nov. 15, '64, m-o Nov. i, '64. ADJUTANTS: « A. P. Fiske, Dec 21, '61, Nov.5,'61, capt, A. A. G., m-o Nov. 22, '65. Josiah M. Favill, Oct. 16, '62, Mar. 7, '62, pro to capt Nov. 10, '63. George C. Case, June 3, '63, April 14, '63, m-o Sept. 6, '64. QUARTERMASTERS: Tames McKibben, died May 17, '62. Charles H. H. Broom, Aug. 30, '62, May 17, '62, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Stephen R. Snyder, June 3, '63, April 14, '63, m-o Oct. 14, '64. SURGEONS: George H. Leach. Dec. 21, '61, Nov. 1, '61, resigned Jan. '62. MISCEIvIvANEOUS PAPERS. 295 Robert V. McKim, Feb. 27, '62, Feb. 20, '62, resigned Dec. 3, '62. \V. W. Potter, Dec. 27, '62, Dec. 16, '62, brev lt,c,m-o Sep. 16/64. ASSISTANT SURGEONS: Robert V. McKim, Dec. 21, '61, Oct. 22, '61, pro to surg Feb. 27, '62. Henry C. Dean, Feb. 27, '62, Feb. 20,'62, tr 140th N. Y. Apr. 9,'63. Robert Corey, May 16, '63, May 16, '63, resigned Sept. 5, '63. Nelson Neeley, Aug. 29, '62, Aug. 25, '62, resigned June 29, '64. T. B. Winne, July 23, '64, July 22; '64, tr 6ist N.Y. Dec. 6,'64. CHAPLAJN: Abram Piatt, Dec. 21, '61, Nov. i, 61, discharged June 26, '62. CAPTAINS: A. B. Chapman, Dec. 21, '61, Sept. 12, '61, pro to maj Dec. 21, '61. Charles B. Curtiss, Aug. 30. '62, Feb. 3, '62, resigned June 8, '63. William Reid, Dec. '63, Dec. 14, '63, tr to 6ist N. Y. Dec. 6, '64. N. G. Throop, Dec. 21, '61, Sept. 24, '61, pro to maj Oct. 27, '62. J. C. Paine, Dec. 9, '62, Sept. 17, '62, tr signal corps Mar. 3, '63. Gilbert H. Frederick, Sept. 17, '64. Sept. 8, '64, m-o Oct. 7, '64. Benjamin F. Gott, Dec. 21, '6r, Nov. 12, '61, disc June 14, '62. John H. Bell, Oct. i, '62, June 14, '62, pro to major Jan. 19, '63. James C. Bronson, Feb. 24, '63, Jan. 12, '63, pro to maj Aug. 22, '64. James W. Britt, Dec. 21, '61, Sept. 13, '61, pro to It-col July 20, '63. Orlando F. Middleton, Nov. 10, '63, Sept. 23, '63, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Julius E. Erickson, Dec. 21, '6r, Sept. 23, '5i, resigned July i6,'63. Josiah M. Favill, Nov. 10, '63, Sept. 23, '63, brev maj. m-o Aug. 11, '64 Charles McKay, Dec. 21, '61, Aug. 12, '61, resigned Oct. 21, 1862. A. M. Wright, Mar. 17,1863, Oct. 21, 1862, pro It-col July 27, 1864. William A. Kirk, Dec. 21, '61, Aug. 15, '61, pro to maj Aug. 10, '63. Wesley Horner, Jr., Dec. 25, '61, Nov. 12, '61, res'nd Aug. 2, 1862. Geo. \V. Jones, Nov. 17, '62, Aug. 2, '62, pro to maj July 27, '64. Thorndyke Saunders, Dec. 21, '61, Aug. 14, '61, res'nd F"eb. 8,'62 Henry H. Mott, Aug. 30, '62, Feb. 8, '62, mus-out Sept. 1866. Richard S. Alcoke, April 14, '64, Jan. i, '64, mus-out Oct. 17, '64. Alfred J. LaVaille, Dec. 21, i86r, Sept. 4, 1861, disc May 23, 1863. Richard P. Richardson, Nov. 12, 1864, Sep. 27, '64, not mustered. FIRST-LIEUTENANTS: H. H. Mott, Dec. 21,^61, Sep. 12, '61, pro to cap Aug. 30, '62. John S. Paden, Oct. 29, 1862, Feb. 8, 1862, disc Nov. 13, 1863. Thomas Britton, Nov. 10, 1863, Sep.3, 1863, mus-out Oct. 5, 1864. James C. Bronson, Feb. 9, '63. Sept. 24, '61, pro to capt Feb. 24, '63. G. H. Frederick, Nov. 10, '63, Sept.23,'63,protocaptSept.8, '64. Samuel L. Condee, Oct. 27, '64, Oct. 19, '64, mus-out Dec. 6, '64. 296 STORY OF A REGIMENT. John H. Bell, Dec. 21, 1861, Nov. 12, 1861, pro to capt Oct. i, '62. H. M. Brewster, Dec. 9, '62, July 27, '62, tr vet res c Aug. 10, '63. Luther E. Hale, Jr., Dec. 21, 1861, Sppt. 13, 1861, res Jan. 22, '63. W. H. French, Mar. 4, 1862, Mar. 4, 1862, tr 6ist N. Y, Dec. 6,'64. O. F. Middleton, Dec. 9, 1862, June i, 1862, pro to cap Sept.23, 1863. JohnH. Erickson,Nov.io, '63, Sept.23, '63, tr to6istN.Y. Dec. 6, '64. Wm. Reid, Feb. 19, 1862, Aug. 15, 1861, resigned Nov. 6, 1862. Wm. E. Hall, Dec. 9, '62, Nov. 6, '62, mus-out Aug. 11, '64. Wm. V. Hudson, Oct. 21, '64, Sept. 8,'64, tr to6istN.Y. Dec. 6. '64. James McKibben, Dec. 21, '61, Sept. 24, '61, pro to quartermaster. Geo. W. Jones, Jan. 27, '62, Sept. 25, '61, pro to capt Nov. 17, 1862. Geo. Mitchell, Nov. 17, '62, Aug. 2, '62, pro to major Nov. 15, '64. J. S. Warner, resigned May 17, 1862. Stephen R. Snyder, Mar. 28, '63, Mar 19, '62, protoq-m June 3, '63. Samuel L. Condee, June 19, '63, June 18, '63, pro to ist-lt Oct. 27, '64. J. C. Paine, Dec. 21, '61, Aug. 14, '61, pro to capt Dec.9,'62. Richard S. Alcoke,Dec.9, '62, Sept.17, '62, pro to capt April 14, '64. Frank Leonard, Sept. 29, 1864, Sept. 29, 1864. not mustered. Chas. B. Curtis, Dec. 21, '61, Aug. 31, '61, pro to capt Aug. 30, '62. Paul M. Pou, Oct.29,'52, Feb. 3, '62, k Fredericksburg, Dec. 12, '62. John O. Edwards, Nov. 12. 1864, Nov. 12, 1864, not mustered. John Bevines, Nov. 12, 1864, Sept. 27, 1864, not mustered. SECOND-LIEUTENANTS : F. Covert, Dec. 21, 1861, Oct. 22, 1861, deserted Sept. 27, 1S62. ElishaL. Palmer. June3, '63, Nov. 22, '62, tr to6istN.Y. Dec.6,'64- Melville Kelsey, Oct. 22, 1862, Oct. 20, 1S62, disc Nov. 25, '62. C. C. Savage, June 3, 1863, May 15, 1863, dismissed Aug. 24, 1863. W. Y. Hudson, Sept. 29,'64, Sept. 29, '64, pro to ist-lt Oct.2T,'64. Gilbert Frederick, Mar. '63, Feb.23, '63, pro to ist-lt Sept.17, '63. John McConnell, Nov. 10, 1863, Sept. 23, 1863, not mustered. John T. Webber, Dec. 2r, '5i, Nov. 12, '61, resigned Jan. 29, '62. Geo. Mitchell, Oct.29, '62, Jan. 24, '62, pro to ist-lt Nov. 17, '62. Geo. H. Smith, Dec. 9, 1862, Aug. 2, 1862, disc April 15, 1863. Edwin M. Shorey, Nov. 10, '63, Sept. 23, '63, mus-out Sept. 23, '64. Josiah M. Favill, Dec. 21, '61, Sept.23, '61, pro to capt Nov.io, '63. JohnH. Erickson; Oct. 16, '62, July 17, '62, pro to ist-lt Nov.10,'63. Nicholas Stubbe, Nov.10,1863, Sept. 23, 1863, mus-out Sept. 23, '64. Wm. Reid, Dec. 21, 1861, Aug. I2, i86i, pro to ist-lt Feb.19,'62. Aug. M. Wright, May 5, '62, Aug. 19, '61, pro to capt Mar. 17, '63. Geo. Foss, Dec. 9, 1862, Oct. 21, 1862, mustered out Aug. 11, 1864. Paul M. Pou, Oct.r, 1862, Sept. 25, 1862, pro to ist-lt Oct. 29,1862. Geo. C. Case, Oct. 29, 1862, Feb. 3, 1862, pro to adj June 3, 1863. MISCELI.ANEOUS PAPERS. 297 John M. Sullivan, Nov. 10, 1863, Sept. 23, 1S63, not mustered. H. H. Higbee, Dec. 25, '61, Nov. 12, '61, k. atAntietam, Sept. 17, '62. Richard S. Alcoke, Oct.29, '62,Sept.i7,'52,pro to ist-lt Dec.9,'62. John Clark, Dec. 9, 1862, Sept. 17, 1862, dismissed April iS, 1863. Martin R. Connelly, Nov. 10, '63, Sept.23,'63, mus-out Oct. 14, '64. H.H.Folger,Dec.2i,'6i,Aug.i4,'6i,k. at Antietam.Md. Sept.17,'62. Henry M. Brewster, Oct. 29, '62, Sept.17,'62, pro to ist-lt Dec.9,'62. Thomas Britton, Dec.9,'62, July 27, '62, pro to ist-lt Nov.10'63. Cornelius L. Moore, Nov.10,'63, Sept. 23,'63, mus-out Aug. 13, '64. Chas. H. H. Broom, Dec.2i, '61, Sept. 4,'6i, pro to q-m Aug. 30, '62. Thomas C. White, Oct. 29, 1862, May 17, 1862, res March 12, 1863. Martin V. B. Brower, Apr. 2, '63, Mar. 12, '63, mus-out Sept. 3, '64. Lewis Thomas, Nov. 12, 1S64, Sept. 27, 1S64, not mustered. George W. Brown, resigned June 14, 1862. CHAPTER XX. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. The following names are copied from the regiment muster rolls in the Adjutant-General's office at Albany, N. Y. The list is thought to be as complete as it can be made. Several known errors in the spelling of names, in dates and in the remarks have been corrected and though many undiscovered errors must still remain j-et the entire roll as printed here is the most perfect one in existence. The value of such a record is simplj- immeasurable. The name, age, date of enlistment and rank, with the cause and date of discharge have been given. In order to crowd in as much information as possible many abbreviations have been used, such as s for sergeant, c for corporal, m for musician, p for private, d for died, dis for disease, disc for discharged, disab for disability, k for killed, pris for prisoner, w for wounded, m-o for mustered-out, res for resigned, tr for transferred, inv for invalid. FIELD AND STAFF. Zook, S. K., 40, Oct. 19, '61, col, brevt maj-gen, k July 2, '63. Chapman, A. B., age 26, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, col, k May 5, '64. Britt, Jas. W., age 23, enlisted Sept. 13, '.61, col, m-o Jan. 5, '65. Page, Jno. A., age 28, enlisted July i, '61, It-col, m-o Feb. 3, '62. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 299 Parisen, P. J., age 37, enlisted Sept, 17, '61, It-col, k Sept. 17, '62. Wright, A. M., 25, July 24, '61, It-col, died of w July 2, '64. Jones, G. W., age 21, enlisted Sept. 15, '61, It-col, m-o Aug. I3,'64. Bronson, J. C, 24, Sept. 12, '61, It-col, disc for w Dec 16, '64. Throop, N. G., 26, Sept. 20, '61, maj, died of w Jan. 12, '63. Bell, Jno. H., 23, Sept. 28, '61, maj, tr to inv c June 18, '63. Kirk, W. A., age 44, enlisted July i, '61, maj, d of w June 20, '64. Mitchell, Geo., age 18, enlisted Sept. 26, '61, maj, m-o Nov. i, '64. Fiske, A, P., 27, Oct. 21, '61, ist It-adjt, disc March 6, '62. Favill, J. M., 21, Sept. 21, '61, capt, adjt. m-o Aug. 11, '64. Case, Geo. C, age 23, enlisted Nov. i, '61, adjt, disc Dec. 6, '64. McKibben, J. S., 32, Sept. 24, '61, qm, died of dis May 17, '62. Broom, C. H.H., age 23, enlisted Aug. i','6i, qm, m-o Dec. 2, '64. Snyder, S. R , age 24, enlisted Oct. 25, '61, qm, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Leach, G. H., age 39, enlisted Nov. 2, '61, surg, d of dis Jan. io,'62. McKim, R. V., age 21, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, surg, res Dec. 3, '62. Potter, W. W., age 24, enlisted Jan. 26,'63, surg, m-o Sept. 15, '64. Dean, H. C, 23, Feb. 24, 63, asst surg, tr to 140 N. Y. Apr. 9, '63. Corey, Robt., 28, May 16, '63, asst surg, disc Sept. 5, '63. Neeley, Nelson, 28, Aug. 25, '62, asst surg, res June 29, '64. ^inne, T., age 27, enlisted July 29 '64, asst surg, tr to 6ist N. Y. Piatt, Abram, age 56, enlisted Oct. 29, '61, chapl, res June 26, '62. COMPANY A. Aerts, Joseph, age 26, enlisted Sept. 4, '61, private. Anderson, Henry, age 20, enlisted July 6, '64, private. Anderson, John J., age 20, enlisted July 1, '64, private. Anderson, William, age 31, enlisted July 4. '64, private. Apple, Henry, age 39, enlisted July 7, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Barber, Hamilton, age 19, enlisted Sept. 5, '61, private. Barrett, Henry, age 30, enlisted July 5, '64, p, trto 6ist N. Y. Bartnell, Joseph, 18. Sept. 24, '61, p, disc for disab Sept. 27, '64. Bauer, Ernest, age 24. enlisted Aug. 20, '61, sergeant. Benecker, Deidreck, age 24, enlisted July 2, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Benham, Wm. H., age 30, enlisted June 13, '64, p, tr to 6ist X. Y. Boyer, George W., age 21, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, p, disc for w. Brevfster, H. M., 21. Aug. i8,'6i, s, ist-lt Co, C, inv C. Aug. 9,'63. Bridges, John D., 24, Sept. 9, '6r, p, disc for disab Tan. 15, '63. Buckley, James, age 26, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, private. Buzzie, Jacob, age 22, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, private. Buzzie, William H., age 22, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, corporal. Cahill, John, age 32, enlisted July 3, '64, private, trto 6ist N. Y. 300 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Chapman, Alford B., 26, Aug. 20, '61, capt, col, k May 5, '64. Chapman, Walter L., 22, Aug. 26, '63, p, disc for disab Dec. 26, '63. Chase, Peter, age iS, enlisted Aug. 28. '61, corpl, disc Nov. 9, '61. Clark, John, age 34, enlisted July i, '64, private, tr to 6ist N. Y. Coffin, John, age 44, enlisted July i, '64, private. Cole, Jacob H., age 19, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, p, m-o Sept. 20, '64 Cole, William H., 18, Aug. 21, '61, p, tr to U. S. Cavalry. Collins, Cornelius, 31, Sept. 2, '6r, p, tr to inv C June 28, '63. Commoss, Joseph T, 19, Aug. 31, '61, m, disc for disab Dec. 13, '62. Conklin, Wm. C, 22, Sept. 21, '61, p, disc for disab Dec. 2, '62. Conner, James, age 23, enlisted July 6, '64, private. Connor, Peter, age 23, enlisted July 2, 64, private. Connelly, Martin, 18, Sept. 27, '61, p, 2d-lt Co. C, m-o June 14, '64. Connelly, Michael, 16, March 14, '64, m, tr to 61st N. Y. Cooper, Henry W, age 25, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, s, k Sept. 17. '62. Covert, Francis, 28, Aug. 20, '61, 2d It, dismissed Nov. 22, '62. Cremmins, John, 19, Sept, 16, 61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 22, '62. Cunningham, Barney, 25, Sept. 2, '61, p, m-o Sept. 22, '64. Daily, John, age 22, enlisted July 7, '64, private. Davis, Henry N., 21, Aug. 28, '61, priv. corp, m-o Sept. 10, '64. Davis, James, age 18, enlisted July 2, '64, private. Davis, Robert H., 19, Sept. 16, '61, private, tr to inv c July i, '63. Donnelly, Charles, age 18, enlisted Nov. 12, '61, p, k May 5, '64. Donnell, Thomas, 23, Aug. 30, '61, p, disc for disab April 10, '63. Douglas, Patrick, age 25, enlisted July i, '64, p, tr to 61st N. Y. Eilburn, Thomas, age 18, enlisted July 7, '64, private, Eddy, Wilson, age 24, enlisted Aug. 10, '61, private. Edel, Conrad, age 26, enlisted July 5, '64, private, tr to 6ist N. Y. Egner, Zachariah, age 33, enlisted July 9,'64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Ford, John, age 24, enlisted July i5, '64. private. Foster, Sam'l I., age 18, enlisted July 15, '64, p, pris Aug. 25,' 64. Garretson, Chas. K,, age 22, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, p, c,d Oct. 13, '61. Goodrich, Charles, age 19, enlisted Aug. 27, '61, p, disc Oct. 7,'62. Haas, Anthony, age 28, enlisted Sept. 8, '61, p, d of dis Aug. 19, '62. Hardy, Wm. H. H., 21, Aug. 20, '61, p. sergeant, m-o. Oct. 5, '64. Haggerty, Chas., age 22, enlisted Aug. 20,'6i, p, w, m-o Sept. 13, '64. Hawley, Geo. H., 18, Oct. 29, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 3, '62. Hurttlen, John J., age 32, enlisted Sept. 4, '61, p, k Dec. 11, '62. Hoagland, George W., age 18, enlisted Sept. 30, '61, private. Housel, Henry C, 19, Aug. 31, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 21, '62. Hornig, Andrew, age 20, enlisted Ang. 31, '61, private. Iren, George, 18, Oct. 12, '61, p, w Sept. 17, '62, tr to artillery. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 301 Kelly, Joseph, age 25, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, corporal. Kennedy, John, age ig, enlisted Aug. 24, '5i, private. Kohler, Ernest, age 37, enlisted Oct. 3, '6i, private. La Croix, Napoleon, age 25, enlisted Aug. 20,'6i, p, pris Oct. I4,'63. Ladlay, George, age 23, enlisted Aug. 28 '6r, p, d of w Jan. 3, '63. Larkins, Edward, age 19, enlisted Sept. 16, '61, p, died of dis. Lemmes, Jacob, age 33, enlisted Feb. 28, '63, private. Lowry, Patrick, age 20, enlisted Sept.,9'61, p, missing June i,'62. Lozier, Joseph, 19, Aug. 28, '6r, p, pris June 27, '62, tr to 6ist N.Y. Martin, William, age 18, enlisted Sept. 8,'6i, p, c, k Petersburg, Va. Marsh, Martin V. B., age 21, enlisted Aug. 20,'6i, p, disc for disab_ McCoTvn, John H., 24, Sept. 18, '61, p, disc for disab Aug. 9, '62. McCormack, Hugh, 20, Oct. 16, '61, m, m-o, Sept. 9, '64. McGinness, Chas. H., age 20, enlisted Aug. 28, '61, p, disc for disab. Mehler, Joseph, age 18, enlisted Sept. 18, '61, private. Messier, Wm. P., age 19, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, c, tr to 5th U. S. I. Miller, Andrevp, age 23, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, c, d of w July 2o,'64. Mink, Wm. G., age 19, enlisted Sept. 4, '61, private. Mott, Henry H., 31, Sept. 9, '6t, ist It, capt, tr to vet res c. Murphy, John P., age 19, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, private. O'Neil, Patrick, 24, Aug. 20, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 25, '63. O'Riley, James, age 24, enlisted Sept. 9,'6i, p, d of dis Oct. I7,'62. Paden, John S.,"23, Aug. 20, '6r, s, ist It, disc for w Nov. 13, '63. Pratt, Chas. E., age 24, enlisted Sept. 20, '61, private. Reed, Nathanel, age 20, enlisted Aug. 20, '5i, private. Roonie, John, age 3i, enlisted Sept. 14, '61, private. Roy, John, 21, Sept. 27, '6i, private, disc for disab March 9, '64 Rue, Wm. H., 19, Aug. 10, '61, private, disc for disab March 4, '64. Schartz, John, tr from 40th N. Y. V., m-o Aug. 9, "64. Sergeant, Wheeler, 41, Aug. 25, '61, private, d of dis Oct 18, '62. Sillcocks, John, is, Aug. 31, '61, private, d of dis Nov. 27, '62. Snyder, H., 24, Aug. 31, '61, p, tr to 4th artillery Oct. 19, '62. Stubbe, Nicholas, 25, Oct. 16, '61, c, 2d-lt Co D, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Swaine, Sam'l R., 19, Sept. 4, '61, private, d of dis Nov, 16, '62. Taggart, Hugh, age 28, enlisted Oct. 2, '6i, p, m-o Oct. 5, '63. Thompson, Walter H., age 18, enlisted Oct. 17, '61, private. Trail, Nathan C, age 28, enlisted Sept. 30, '61, private. Uelenger, Jacob, 34, June 13, '64, private, missing Aug. 25, '64. Vanamen, James N., 19, Aug. 20, '61, private, d of w June i, '62. Van Hise, Chas. H., 21, Aug. 3.1, '6r, corporal, m-o Oct. 5, '64. Vanpatten, Nicholas P., age 24, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, private. Wale, Joseph N., age 19, enlisted Sept. 5, '61, private. 302 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Waldecker, Michael, 38. Sept. 2, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 14,' 63. Way, James H., age 19, enlisted Aug. 28, '61, private. Weddle William, age 20, enlisted Aug. 27, '61, p, disc for disab. Wellington, Albert, 19, Sept. 9, '61, p, disc for disab May 4, '62. Westfall, Jacob, age 35, enlisted Nov. 12, '61, p, died Feb. i, '62. Wharton, Samuel, age 21, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, private. Williams, Geo. I., 29, Sept. 21, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 25, '62. Williams, Jeremiah P, 23, Aug, 23, '61, d of dis July 12, '62. Wilson, Andrew J., 22, Aug. 27, 61, p, d a pris. Aug. 16, '64. Winn, James, age 19, enlisted Sept. 9 '61, private. Wright, Daniel, age 18, enlisted Sept. I4,'6i, p, d of w Dec. 20,'62. Wright, James, age 35, enlisted Sept. 9, '61, priva'e. COMPANY B. Allen, Damon, 44, Oct. 11, '5i, private, disc for disab Nov. 11, '5i. Allen, Francelle, age 20, enlisted Oct. 11, '61, private. Akert, George, age 18, enlisted Sept, i8,'6i, p, c, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Bennett, Julius F., 18, Sept. 23; '61, p, tr to inv c, March 15, '64. Benjamin, George, age 28, enlisted Sept. 22 '61, p, tr to 61st N. Y. Bice, Peter, age 27, enlisted Oct. 7, '61, p, tr to inv C, Nov. 28,63. Bowman, John J., 26, Oct. 8, '61, p, disc for disab April 9, '63. Bray, John A., age 21, enlisted July 8, '64, p. missing Aug. 14, '64. Bronson, J. C. , 24, Sept. 12, '5i, ist-lt, lt-col,discf or w Dec. 16, '64. Brown, George W. , 30, Sept. 15, '61, p, 2d-lt, disc June 14, '62. Canfield, Samuel, 19, Sept. 30, '6r, p, tr to inv cjan. iS, '64. Carr, Henry, 19, Oct. 7, '61, private, disc for disab Jan. 15, '63. Carr, John W., age 20, enlisted Oct. 5, '61, p, s, m-o Oct. 7, '64. Caswell, Geo. E., age 18, enlisted Sept. 30, '64, p, m-o Oct. 3, '64. Cavender, John E., 33, Oct. 7, '61, p, disc for disab Sept. 27, '62, Clark, James F., 21, Oct. 15, '6r, p, disc for disab March 11, '62. Curtis, Wm, A., iS, Sept. 19, '61, priv, sergt, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Davis, Andrew M., age 24, enlisted Sept. 16, '6r, private. Davis, Orra L., age 31, enlisted Dec. 21, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. \'. Davis, Evan, 21, Sept. 15, '61, private, disc for disab Feb. 2, '63. Delevan, John, 22, Sept. 22, '61, private, disc for disab July 29, '62. DeMarse, John, 19, Oct. 7, '61, private, tr to inv c July i, '63. Devoe, Wm. H., 44, Sept. 15, '61, p, shot Dec. 18, '63 for des'n. Dippy, Joshua, 27, Oct. i r, '61, p, w and missing May 5, '64. Dirk, William, age 19, enlisted Oct. 14, '61, p, tr to 61st N, Y. Edwards, John C, age 20, enlisted Sept. 10, '61, p, k May 5, '64. Evaas, John, age 19, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. V. Feathers, Samuel, age 42, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, private. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 303 Flemming, John, age 22, enlisted Oct. 16, '61, p, died Jan. 9, '62. Fletcher, Edward, age 22, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, pris Oct. 14, '63. Gode, Frederick, 26, July 2, '64, p, w and missing Aug. 14, '64. Goodman, Albert, 19, Oct. 5, '61, private, died of dis Mar. 20, '62. Goodman, Benj., 22, Oct. 5, '61, p, s, pris Aug. 25,'64, m-o Apr. 8,61. Griffiths, Fred., 19, Oct. 9, '61. p, s, pris, disc for disab Dec. 4, '62. Griffiths, Henry, age 21, enlisted Sept. io,'6i, p, d of dis Oct. 3, '62. Groves, John, age 22, enlisted July 5, '64, private. Gunnate Patrick, age 28, enlisted June 13, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Haberman. Andrew, age 26, enlisted Oct. 14, '61, p, k June I7,'64. Halstead Edmund R., 23, Sept. 20, '61, private, k Sept. 17, '62, Hamlin, C. W., 21, Oct. 2, '61, p, hospital steward, m-o Oct. 4, '64. Hanson, Silas W., age 19, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, p, k Sept. 17, '62. Harrington, James, age 29, enlisted Sept. 21, '6i, p, tr to 6istN. Y. Haj-es George W., age 26, enlisted Sept. 25, '6i. private. Hayes, Franklin L. 21, Sept. 2S, '61, p, disc for disab Jnly 26, '62. Hecox, Charles B., 18, Oct. 11, 61, p. disc for disab Jan. i, '68. Hecox, John H., 40, Oct. 15, '61, p, disc for disab April 10, '63. Hecox, Samuel, 21, Oct. 8, 61, private, disc for disab May 31, '61. Herder, Joseph, 22, Oct. 7, '61, p, pris Aug. 25, '64, m-o Oct. 6, '64. Hofstetter, Arnold, age 19, enlisted July 2, '64, p, ir to 6ist N. Y. Hopkins, Jesse, age 20, enlisted June 20, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Jones, Calvin, age 18, enlisted Oct. 5, '61, p, died Dec. 20, '61. Jones, William, 35, Sept. 13, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 11, '61. Kenyon, Richard, age 18, enlisted Oct. 14, '61, private. Lane, Thomas, 20, Sept. 17, '61, p, w Sept. 17, '62, m-o Dec. 15, '62. Lackenby, Thomas, 29, Sept. 30, '61, p, tr to inv c Nov. 15, '63. Lathrop, Jos.W., 18, Oct. 7, '61, p, c, w Dec. 11, '62, m-o Oct. 7, '64. Leat, Levi, age 22, enlisted Oct. 11, '61, private. Lee Albert, 21, Oct. 7, '61, private, disc for disab Jan. 23, '63. Lent, Stephen, 26, Sept. 23, '61, p, disc for disab May 19, '62. Lighthart, James H., 21, Oct. 7, '61, p, died Nov. 17, '62. Limbeck, Nelson, Oct. 7, '61, disc for disab Oct. 7, '64. Maggill, James W.. age 26, enlisted Sept. 11, '61, p, disc Jan. '62. Maggill, Thos., age 18. enlisted Sept. 12, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Martin, Fred., 23, Sept. 23, '61, p, tr to gunboat ser Nov. 16 '63. Mayne, Frank, age 20, enlisted Oct, 14, '61, p, m-o Oct. 13, '64. Marx, Michael, 20, Sept. 16, '61, p, disc for disab Jan. 12, '63. Mitchell, George, 18, Sept. 26, '61, sergt, maj, m-o Nov. i, '64. Marsh, Napoleon B., 21, Sept. 10, '61, private, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Martin, Fred., 23, Sept. 23, '6r, p, trto gun boat ser. Nov. 16, '63. Mayne. Frank, age 20, enlisted Oct. 14, '61, p, m-o Oct, 13, '64. 304 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Max, Michael, 20, Sept. 16, '61, p, discfor disabjan.12, '63. Mitchell, George, 18, Sept. 26, '61, sergt, maj, m-o Nov. 1,' '64. Marsh, Nap. B., age 21, enlisted Sept. 10, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23/64. Morgan, Patrick, 23, Oct. 8, '61, p, disc for disab April 25, '63. Mull, John, age 25, enlisted Oct. 4, 61, p, died of w Sept. 19, '62. McElray, Archibald, age 20, enlisted Oct. 5, '61, private. McEntie, E 21, Oct. 7, '61, p,pris Aug.'62,disc for disab June 4, '64. Ohman, Aug., 19, Oct. 15, '61, w Dec. 13, '62, tr to invc Mar. 2, '64. Parker, James, age 19, enlisted Sept. 16, '61, p. c disc June 3' 62. Powell, Robert F., 17, Sept. 22, '61, p, disc for disab June 10, '62. Pugh, Richard E., age 26, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Rees, David, age 18, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Ridden, Barney, 44, Oct. 7, '61, p, tr to inv c Nov. 15, '63. Ryan, John, age 22, enlisted Oct. 5, '61, Private. Sackenday, John, age 31, enlisted Sept. 30, '61, p, died Oct. 5, '61 vSang, Henry, age 20, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Sang, Phil., 26, Sept. 18, '61, p, pris Oct. 14, '63, m-o Sept. 23,'64. Savage, Charles C, 28, Oct. 15, '61, p, 2d-lt, dismissed Aug. I7'63. Schachlel, Frank, 22, Oct. 13, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 12, '62, Schanbecker, James, 40, Oct. 11, '61, p. disc for disab Jan. 23, '62. Shorey, Edwin H,, 22, Oct. 5, '61, p, 2d-lt, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Skinner, Benjamin F. , 22, Oct. 5, '61, disc for disab Nov. 25, '62. Smith, Warren, 22, Oct. 23, '61, died at Andersonville Nov. 4, '64. Stanring, Alonzo, 24, Oct. 7, '61, died at Andersonville July 6, '64. Stockwell, W. S., 22, Oct. 7, '61, p, disc for disab Aug. 24, '63. Sullivan, Bartholomew, 20, Oct. 14, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Summers, Daniel, age 25, enlisted Oct. 11, '61, p, died Feb. 20' 62. Thomas, Caspert, age 24, enlisted Sept. 24,'6i, p, m-o Sept 24,'64. Thomas, Wm. R. age 30, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, private.. Thompson, Robert, age 18, enlisted Oct. 5, '61, private. Thorman, Hugh, age, 19, enlisted Sept. 2i,'6i,p, s, tr to 6ist N.Y. Throop, Garrow N., 26, Sept. 12, '61, capt, maj, d of w Jan. 12, '63. Tompkins, Chas. I,,, 21, Sept. 23, '61, p, disc for disab May 15, '62. Toppin, William P., 38, Oct. 7, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 9. '62. Wade, Patrick, age 19, enlisted, Sept. 27, '61, private. Weiss, Henry, age 29, enlisted Sept. 20, '61 private. White, Charles, age 37, enlisted Jan. 10, '62, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. White, Edward, age 26, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, private. White, Stephen P., 21, Sept. 30, '61, p, died Jan. 14, '62. White, William P., 18, Oct. 15, '61, p, disc for disab July 26, '62. Will, John, age 20, enlisted Oct. 3, '61, p, d of w Oct. 16, '62. Whiting, Benj. F., 23, Oct 15, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 3, '62. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SBVENTH N. Y. 305 Whitney, Edmund P., 20, Oct. 7, '61, p, disc for disab May 28, '62. Williams, Edwin J., 19, Sept. 15, '61, p, tr to inv c Sept. 30, '63. Williams, John, age 23, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Wilson, Thomas H., 20, Sept. 30, '61, p, s, died of dis April 26, '62. COMPANY C. Bean, Lorenzo D., 20, Oct. 4, '6r, p, disc for disab March 21, '63. Bell, John H., 23, Sept. 28, '61, ist It, maj, tr to inv c June 18, '63. Bisket, EHphet S., 40, Nov. 9, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 4, '63. Budd, Chas. B., 19, Oct. 25, '61, p, disc for disab March i, '62. Case, George C, 23, Nov. i, '61, sergt, adjt, disc Sept. 6, '64. Cash, Abraham, age 20, enlisted Nov. 12, '61, p, s, m-o Oct. I4,'63. Christian, Ambrose, age 19, enlisted Oct. 25, '61, p, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Collins, Bryan R., 45, Oct. 25, "61, p, died of dis July 15, '62. Conde, Samuel L., enlisted July 2, '63, ist-lt, tr to 6ist N. Y. Crofoot, Henry, age, 18, enlisted Oct. 25, '61, p, killed May 5, '64. Davis, Sylvester A., 19, Oct. 25, '61, p, disc Nov. 5, '64. Dudley, Charles H., age 19. enlisted Nov.4, '61, c, disc Dec. 10, '64. Evans, Seth G., age 19, enlisted Oct. i, '61, s, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Frazer, Alexander, age 26, enlisted Oct. 25 '61, corporal. Frederick,G.,i9,Sep.23, '61, cap. wMay 5,'64,discfordisabOct7,'64. Gott, B. F., age 27, enlisted Oct. 16, 1861, capt, res June 14, 1862. Gott, Wallace, age 19, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861, 2d Sergeant. Green, John H., age 23, enlisted Oct. 25, 1861. p, ih-o Oct.25, 1864. Hack, George, age 22, enlisted July 6, 1864, private. Haley, John, age 19, enlisted July 6, 1864, private. Hamilton, Andrew, age 23, enlisted Jan. 15, 1862, p, disc for disab. Harrison. John, age 23, enlisted July 6,1864, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Hasbrook, James S., age 22, enlisted June 9, 1864, p, trto6istN.Y. Hawkins. James, age 30, enlisted July 5, 1864, private. Hendricks, Titus, age 18, enlisted June 21, 1864, p, k Aug. 25,1865. Hennecker, Herman, age 29, enlisted July 5,1864, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Herber, Charles, age 29, enlisted July 2, 1864, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Higby, Frank, age 23, enlisted Oct. 25, 1861. p, m-o Oct.25, 1864. Hinton, Harvey J., age 19, enlisted Oct. 25,1861, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Hinton, William, age 28, enlisted Oct. 25, 1861, private. Hoffman, Ernest, age 40, enlisted July 8, 1864, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Hopbanes, Ernest, age 21, enlisted July 5, 1864, private. Holt, Randolph, age, 19, enlisted July 5, 1864, p, died 1864. Hope, Michael, age 32, enlisted June 28, 1864, private. Hughes, Robert N., 22, Oct.25, 1861, p, disc for disab May 20, 1863. Hughes, Wm. W., 21, Oct.22,'61, p, w May 5, '64, m-o Oct. 25,'64. 3o6 STORY OF A REGIME;NT. Hunt, Henry, age 21, enlisted July 6, 1864, private. Jems, Walter S., age 24, enlisted July 5, 1864, private. Johnson, John, age 27, enlisted July 2, 1864, private. Johnson, Joseph, age 19, enlisted June 13. 1864, private. Johnson, Martin, age . . enlisted July 5, 1864, p, ti to 6ist N. Y. Johnson, William, age 23, enlisted July 6,1864, P. tr to 6ist N. Y. Kelly, George W., age 19, enlisted Oct. 4,'6l, p, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Kelsey, Melville, 29, Oct. 6, '61, 2d-lt, disc for disab Nov. 28, '62. Krueger, Frank, age 35, enlisted July, 2. 1864, private. Lee, Isaac H.,age 24, enlisted Oct.io;'6i, p, disc for disab Dec.4,62. Lee, Alexander, age 19, enlisted Oct. 2,1861, p, c, mo Oct.i4,iS64. Lee. Mark H., age 27, enlisted Oct. 12, 1861, d of disjan. 19, '62. McA very, John, age 18, enlisted Oct. 19, '61, drummer, trto6istN.Y. Morris, Edwin, age 18, enlisted Nov. 5, '61, p, d of dis Mar. 12, '63- Mullen, Alexander, 18, Oct. 25, '61, p, disc for disab Jan. 6, '62. Pettit, Henry, age 18, enlisted Oct. 21, '61, p, m-o Oct. 25, "64. Pett, John, age 39, enlisted Oct, 23, "61, p, disc for disab. Plumber, George, age 45, enlisted Oct. 25, "61, p, disc for disab. Plumb, J. M., 34, Oct. 25, "61, p, w May 5, 1864, m-o Oct. 25, 1S64 Plumb, Samuel, age 19, enlisted Oct. 25, '61, p, died Feb. 28, '62. Rockwell, Anson, 22, Oct. 25, '61, p, disc for difab May 4, '62. Shultz, Ludway, age 25. enlisted Oct. 25, '61, p. m-o Oct. 25, '64. Sixby, Charles J., age 20, enlisted Oct. 25, '61, p, m-o Oct. 25, "64. Smith, George H., age 22, enlisted Nov. i, "61. qt-m, 2d-lt. disc. Snyder, J., 19, Oct. 25, '61, p, w May 5, '64, m-o Oct.25. 1864, Snyder, Stephen R., 24, Oct. 25, '61, s. istlt, qt-m, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Taylor, G. W., 19, Oct, i. '61, p, w Dec. '62, disc for disab Feb. 28, '63. Taylor, Theodore W., age 18. enlisted Oct. 25. '61, p. kMay 5. "64. Thompson, George W., 18, Sept. 28,'6i. p, disc for disab Feb. 7,"63- Vaughan, Daniel J., 29, Oct. 31, '61, c, qt-m, m-o Nov. 1, '64. company' D. Adams, Caleb, age 19, Oct. 5, '61, private. Adams, T., 42, Sept.13,'61, wagoner, w June "64, m-o Sept. 23, '64. Ambler Wm. H., age 18, enlisted Sept. 13, '61, p, s, k fuly 2, "63. Bayne, Donald, 18, Dec. 3, '62, p, died at Andersonville July 4,'64. Beacon, John, age 18, enlisted Sept. I3,'6i, p, tr to cav Oct. 23,'62. Birge, John, 44, Sept. 9, '62, p, disc for disab Feb. 17, '63. Britt,James W., 23, Sept. 13, '61, capt, col, m-o Jan. 5, '65. Brundage, Chas. H., age 22, enlisted Oct. 29, '61, Corporal. Brydew, John Jr., age 37, enlisted Sept. 10, "62, p, tr to 6ist N. \'. Cahoon, W., 28, Sept. 30, '62, p, w Dec. '62, disc for disab Apr.4, '63. MUSTER ROI.lv FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 307 Carroll, Patrick, 39, Sept. 13, '61, p. disc for disab Nov. 12, '62. Cash, Michael, 23, Sept. 13, "61, c, disc for disab Oct. 9, "62. Casey, J., 44, Sept. lo, '62,p, w June 26, "64, trto vetresc Mar. 11 '65. Clark, Nathaniel F., age 38, enlisted Aug. 26 '62, p, disc for disab. Crossett, Martin S.,21, Aug. 28, '62, p, w Dec.11,'62, disc for disab. Donnelly, John, age 38, enlisted Sept. 15,1862, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Elkens, George, age 30, enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, private. English, James, age 19, enlisted Nov. 7, 1861, private. Erving, Daniel, age 23, enlisted Sept. 28,1861, p, disc for disab. Farrell, Dennis, age 19, enlisted Sept. 13,1861, p, disc for disab. Freer, John M., age 35. enlisted Oct. 5,1861, p, disc for disab. French, George W., age 19, enlisted Nov. 7, 1861, private. French, Wm. H., 17, March 8, 1862, ist-lt, tr to 6ist N. Y. Fryer, Jeremiah, age 23, enlisted Oct.13,'61, p, d of dis Mayi8,'62. Gallagher, Patrick, age 29, enlisted Nov. 7, 1861, private. Gates, Luther J., age 18, enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, private. Goodfellow, Henry, age 27, enlisted Sept. 10, 1862, private. Hale, Luther E., 22, Sept. 13, 1861, ist-lt, disc Jan. 16, 1862. Hamilton, Geo.W., age i8,enlisted Sept.27,'61. c, m-o Sept.26,'64. Hedges, Joseph, age 20, enlisted Oct. 25, 1861, private. Hey wood, Richard, age 30,enlisted Sept.13,'61, p, m-o Sept.23,'64. Hill, John, age 20, enlisted Sept. 1,1862, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Hill, Samuel, age 37, enlisted Aug. 25,1862, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Howe, Daniel, age 26, enlisted Oct. 8,1861, p, d of dis Aug.14, 1862. Hunter, James, 18, Nov.i,i86i p,w Sept. 6, 1864, m-o Nov. 3, 1864. Jacquot, Charles, age 43, enlisted Oct. 3, 1861, private. Keeler,Smith, 18, Sept. 19,1861, c, w May 3, 1863, m-o Sept 23,1864. Kennedy, Daniel, age 43, enlisted Sept. 15,1862, p, tr to 61st N.Y. Kerrigan, James, age 26, enlisted Sept. 13,1861, p, disc for disab. Kitchen, James, age 27, enlisted Nov. 5,1862. p, w May 3, 1863. Lambert, Edward, 18, Sept. 13.1861, p, disc for disab Aug. 22, 1864. Leamy, William H. 21, Sept. 13, 1861, musician, tr to 61st N. Y. Leaycraft,Daniel T., age 42, enlisted Sept. 13,1861 p, disc for disab. Lynch, James, age 35, enlisted Sept. 27,'6i, p, died March 23, '64. Manly, James P., age 36. enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, private. McCabe, James, age 18, enlisted Sept. 13,1861 p, disc for disab. McConnell, John, age 19, enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, d Sept. 23, '64. McQuire, Thomas, age 38, enlisted Nov. 7, 1861, private. Meade, Richard, age 27, enlisted Apr. 1,1862, p, disc for disab. Meehan, Dennis, age 18, enlisted Oct. 1,1861, p, c, m-o Oct. 7, '64. Michels, Claus, age 22, enlisted Nov. 12, j86i, p, m-o Nov. 11, '64. Middleton, Orlando F., 22, Sept. 13, 1861, s, capt, m-o Sept. 23,'64. 3o8 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Monroe, William H., age 28, enlisted Oct. i, 186 r, private. Morrisey, John, 18, Oct. 14,1861, p, disc to enlist in navy. Mulligan, Thomas, age 24, enlisted Oct. 8, 1861, private. Myers.Berthold, 19, Oct.12,1861, p, w Sept. 17, 1862, disc for disab. Nesler, Henry, 18, Sept. 19,1861, m, tr to Inv c March 15, 1864. O'Brien, Francis, age 22, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861, private. O'Connell, Patrick, age 18, enlisted Oct. i, 1861, private. Ormond,Geo., age 18, enlisted Sept. 13,1861, p, c,m-o Sept. 23, 1864. Palmer, Edward R., age 18, enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, private. Park, Benjamin, age 21, enlisted Sept. 9, 1861, private. Park, Earl, 44, Sept. 9,1862, p, w Dec. 11, 1862, disc for disab. Parsons, Burr, age 19, enlisted Oct.i8,i86i, p, s, m-o Oct. 20,1864. Payne, David H., 28 Aug. 26,'62 p,vc Dec. 11, '62, d of w Jan. 20, '63. Pettit, Charles, 19, Oct. 18,1861, p, c, disc for disab May 7, '63. Purcell, Richard, age 30, enlisted Sept. 13,1861, p, d June 7, 1862. Regan, John, Rose, Frank, 20, Sept. 13, '61, p,wOct.i4,'63,disc for disab Oct.3,.64. Russell, Lorenzo, 24, Sept. 13, '61, c,s, w June6, '64, mo Sept. 23, '64. Ryan,Thos.,24, Oct.3,'61, p, vFMay2,'6i, trtolnvcjuly i,'63. Ryan, Thomas, age 25, enlisted Oct. 5, 1861 p, tr tovetres c. Sarles, Daniel, age 20, enlisted Oct. 5,1861, p, died Dec. 29, 1861. Sarles, Elias, age 22, enlisted Oct. 8,1861, p, died May i, 1862. Sarles, Lewis, age 18, enlisted Sept. 13,1861, p, disc for disab. Sarles, William, age 19, enlisted Nov. 11,1851, p, d Feb. 24, 1862. Scofield, William, age 19, enlisted Nov. 11, '61, p, m-o Nov.11,'64. Skinner, James R., 20, Sept. 13, 1861, ist-s, m-o Oct. 8, 1864. Smith, John, age 44, enlisted Aug. 26,1862, p, k July 2, 1863. Somerville, Robert, age 18, enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, private. Starkweather, Edgar, agei9, enlisted Sept.21, '61, s.disc Aug.20,'62. Stone, Irving, age 18, enlisted Nov. 8, 1861, private. Taylor, Richard, age 24, enlisted Nov. 4,1861, p, m-o Nov. 3, 1S64. Terrell, John G., age 22, enlisted Oct. 24,1861, p, disc for disab. Thompson, J., E., 2o,Sept. 13, '61, p, w Aug. 25,'64,m-o Sept.23"64. Timian, Christian, age 19, enlisted Sept. i, "62, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Valentine, Warner H., age 19, enlisted Nov, 6,'6i, p, k Dec. 13, '62. Van Duesen, George R., age 23, enlisted Aug. 28, '62, private. Walker, Smith, age 39, enlisted Sept. 13, "61, p, disc for disab. Wallace, Michael, age 31, enlisted Sept. 4, '62, p^ k Dec. 13, "62. Waterbery, Selick A., 22, Oct. i, '61, p, disc for disab Dec. 24, '62. Weaver, Nicholas G., 28, Sept. 30, "62, p, wounded May 3, '63. Webber, John T., age 28, enlisted Sept. 13, '61, 2-lt, disc Jan. 24, '62. Wfiite, John W., age 19, enlisted Sept. 13, '61, Sergeant. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 309 Wolfe, J. B., 17, Aug. 26, '62, p, w May 5, '64. tr to 6istN. Y. Woltman, Frederick, 24, Nov. 14, '61, p, mo Sept. 23, '65. Wood, Daniel, age 19, enlisted Nov. 9, '61, private, disc for disab Wood, James, age 18, enlisted Nov. 4, '61, p, s, m-o Nov. 3, '64. Wright, Alexander, age 24, enlisted Nov. 7, '6i, private. Wright, Henry, age 24, enlisted Oct. 9, '61, private. COMPANY E. Abrahams, Edward, age 19, enlisted Sept. 21, "61, private. Bovene, Jeremiah, age 22, enlisted Sept. 21^ '6i, private. Burns, Michael, 35, Sept. 12, "6i, p, disc for disab Feb. 25, "63. Campbell, J., age 35, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, p, c, tr to 6ist N. Y. Carl, Adam, enlisted July 2, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Clark, John, age 24, enlisted Sept. 2r,"6i, s, 2d-lt, disc Apr. iS,'63. Collins, Patrick, 35, Oct. 10, "61, p, disc for disab Jan. 13, '61. Dardis, Thomas, age 21, enlisted Sept. 18, 1861, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Donnelly, Patrick, 21, Sept. 21, 1861, p, disc for disab Jan. 13, "63. Dwyer, Thomas, age 22, enlisted Sept. I9.'6i, p, dof dis July 31, '62. Erickson, John, 20, Aug. 19. 1861, s, 2d It, tr to 6ist N. Y. Erickson, Julius E., 43, Sept. 21, '61, capt. tr to Inv c July 16, '63. Erickson, Julius H., 18 Aug. 19, '61, m, disc for disab July 11, '62. Favill, Josiah M., 21, Sept.2i,'6i, 2d-lt, ist-ltadj, m-o Aug. 11, '64. Godwin, Charles A., age 18, enlisted Sept.21, '61, p, disc Oct.i6,'6i. Hamilton, Harvey, 35, Sept. 19, 1861, p, tr to Inv c July i, 1863. Highland, John, 40, Oct. 16, 1861, p, tr to Inv c Sept. 30, 1863. Hiues, Matthew, age 26, enlisted Oct. 14, 1861, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. James, Wm., age 35, enlisted Oct. 12, 1861, p, disc Dec. 16, 1862, Keating, Richard, 30, Sept.21, i85i, p, discfor disab Sept. 22, 1863. Kent, Stephen A., age 21, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, p, disc Oct. i6,'6i. Killmartin, Dennis, 30. Nov. 9, 1861, p, dof dis Aug. 25, 1862. Kortman, William, age . . enlisted July, 6, 1864, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Larkin, John, 40, Oct. 8, 1S61, p, tr to Inv c July i, 1863. Lawrence, John, age , enlisted July 5, 1864, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Leeson, John, enlisted July 5, "64, private, tr to 6ist N. Y. Lewis, Hiram W., age 41, enlisted Oct. 15, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Lynch, James, enlisted July 5, '64, private. Mack, Daniel F., 23, July 6, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. as corporal. McCabe, John, age 44, enlisted June 29, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. McCarty, John, 19, Sept. 19, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 13, "62. McCourt, John, age 18, enlisted Oct. 4, '61, musician. McCully, C, age 19, enlisted July 5, '64, p, tr to 6ist N, Y. McGuire, Michael, age 23, enlisted Sept. 6, "61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. 3IO STORY OF A REGIMENT. McGuire, T., age 28, enlisted Sept. 19, '61, p, dofdisMay 7, "62, Mahony, M., 43, Oct. 24, '61, p, disc for disab Jan. 19, '63. Moilborn, E, age 30, enlisted July 2, 64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Mathews, Peter, age 22, enlisted Sept. 12, '61, sergt, m-o Oct. 3" 64. Melloy, John, age 30, enlisted June 13, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Membray, Justin, age 23, enlisted July 5. '64, p, tr to 5ist N. Y. Mooney, Peter, age 35, enlisted Aug. 19, '61, c, m-o Oct. 7, '64. MuUer, Jacob, age 35, enlisted July 2. "64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Murgatrout, Joseph, 19, Sept. 19. '61, p. disc Nov. 11, '61. Nicholson, J., age 22, enlisted Sept. 18, '61, c, tr to Navy Nov. '63. O'Connell, H., i3, Sept. 19, "61, p, w, June 16, '64. tr to 6istN. Y. O'Conner, M., 44, Oct. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Jany. 27, 63. O'Field, Michael, 19, Oct. 12, 1861, p, c, missing June 28. Palmer, George H., 32, Sept. 21, 61, p,'c, disc for disab Mar. 8,'63. Powers, Patr.ck, age 30, enlisted Sep. 6, 1861. p, m-o Oct. 8, 1864. Powers. Patrick, p, from Co. I, w Aug. 25, 1864, tr to 6ist N. Y. Quirk, Michael, 35, Sept. 18, i85i, p, disc for disab Feb. 7, 1862. Riley, John, age 26, enlisted Sept. 6, 1861, p.d of w June 24, 1864. Risley, Charles, age 40, enlisted Sept. 12, i86i, s. k Sep. 17, 1862. Roflf, James E. , age 23, enlisted Oct. 4, 1861, private. Sharkey, James, age 18, enlisted Nov. 16, 1861, musician. Sharkey, Joseph, 30 Sept. 19, 1861, p, disc for disab Nov. 12, 1S62. Shylie, Emil, age 26, enlisted Sept. 18, i85i. corp, tr to 6ist N.Y. Stanley, Jos., B., 27, Mar,i7,'64. p, w June i6,'64. m-o May 24,'65. Stuart, Henry, age 30, enlisted Sept. 12, 1861, s, k Juue i, 1862. Toland, Andrew, 21, Sept. 6, 1861, p. disc for disab May i, 1862. Tyrrell, Edw., 20, Oct. 21, 1861 c, w Sept. 17, 1862, tr to 6ist N.Y. COMPANY F. Abbott, George, age 19, enlisted July 28, "61, p, disc Oct. 5, '64. Allen. Alexander, 26, July 5, '61, s,m, disc for disab May 17, "62. Andrews, Henry, 40, July 22, "61, p, c; m-o Aug. 11, '63. Bates, Williams, age 25, enlisted Sept. 14, '61, c, k Sept. 17, '62. Bell, John, age 18, enlisted July 27, '61, private. Berry, James, age 21, enlisted July 30, '61, private. Bozzard, Richard, age 25, enlisted August 7, '61, wagoner. Brennan, Thomas, age 27, enlisted July 29, '5i, private. Brooks, Williams, age 19, enlisted Oct. 13, '61, private. Burns, John, 21, Dec. iS, 61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 23, '62. Burton, Peter, 22, Dec. 8, '61, p, w July 2, '63, tr to 6ist N. Y. Callahan, J., age 28, enlisted Dec. 28, '61, p, missing Aug. 30, "63. Calligan, John, age 30, enlisted July 29, "61, private. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 311 Christie, John, age 24, enlisted July 22, '61, private. Connor, Richard, age 23, enlisted July 30, '61, private. Coons, Allen, 21, Dec. 12, "61, p, disc for disab Mch. i, "63. Corbley, Patrick, age 34, enlisted Aug. 23, "61, p, m-oAug. 24, '64. Conneigh, Jas., age 23, enlisted Dec. 19, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Cowan, George, age 30, enlisted Aug. 2, '61, corporal. Deforge, Anthony, 19, July 22, '61, p, m-o Aug. 11, '64. Dick, John, age 42, enlisted March 22. "64, private. Dixon, Joseph, age 18, enlisted July 22, "61, c, disc May 18, '62. Doyle, H., 38, Aug. 6, '61, sergt, w Dec. 13, 62, drop Apr. 9, '63, Doyle, William, age 44, enlisted July 30, '6r. p, m-o Aug. 11, '65. Duff, James H., age 21, enlisted July 22, '61, p,disc for disab. Duprene, Joseph, age 19, enlisted July 26, '61, private. Dwyer, David, age 18, enlisted July 27, '61, private. Edwards, James, age 19, enlisted Sept. 28, "61, p, disc for disab. Everoll, Charles, age 21, enlisted Aug. i, '61, private. Farley, John, age 25, enlisted July 28, "61, private. Fenton, Robert, age 18, enlisted Aug. i, "61, private. Ferguson. Robert, age 38, enlisted July 22, "61, p, m-o Aug. 11. '64. Frindlason, William H, 31, July 22, '61, sergt, k Sept. 17, '62. Finlay, Francis, age 40, enlisted Oct. 21, '61, private. Fenton, George, age 42, enlisted Oct. 18, '61, p, disc for disab. Fitzgerald, Maurice, age 30, enlisted Dec. 19, '61, p. tr to 6istN.Y. Flanigan. Michael. 25, Aug. i, 1861, p. m-o Aug. 11, 1864. Foley. Michael P., 28, July 22, 1861, p, disc for disab May 25, 1863, Forrest, David, age 24, enlisted July 22, 1861, private. Foss. George, hos-stew, 2d-lt, m-o Aug. 11, 1864. Flynn, Edward, 20, Aug, i, '61, p, s, pris Aug. 25, '64, tr to 6ist N.Y. Flynn, Frances, age 21, enlisted Aug, 23. 1861, private. Gardner, Theo.. 19, Dec. 9, 1861, p, disc for di-sab Tune 2, 1862, Gillespie. Thomas, 27, July 22. i86r, p, disc for disab Nov, 4, 1862. Gilloane, Michael, age 33, enlisted Aug.i6,'6i, private. Glencross, W. age 36, enlisted Dec.i6,'6i, p, d of dis Mar. 16, '62. Hamill,T.,33,July 22,'6i, p, w Dec. 13, '62, disc for disab June I9,'63. Harrington, Dennis, age 30, enlisted July 30, '61, p, corporal. Hart, James, age 25, enlisted July 28,'6i, private. Heenan, Joseph, age 30, enlisted July 29, '61, private. Henderson, Thomas, age 19, enlisted July 30, 61, private, Henderson, Thomas P., age 19, enlisted Jiily 26, '61, private. Henry, John, age 39, enlisted July 22, '61, private. Herbert, Charles, age 24, enlisted, Aug.i,'6i, p, m-o Aug. 31, '64. Hogan, Dennis, 40, Jujy 25, '61, p, disc for disab July 18, '62. 312 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Hogan, John, age 23, enlisted Aug 6, '61, sergeant. Hogan, Patrick, age 19, enlisted July 22, '61, private. Hogan, Thos. , 28, July 28,'6i, c, disc as paroled pris Aug.i3,"62. Horay, Patrick, age 40, enlisted Oct. 3, '61, private. Hughes, Patrick, 36, Aug.i,.6T, p, disc for disab Jan.24."63. Hunt, James 1,., age 30, enlisted July 22, '61, D, tr to 6ist N. Y. Irvin, Joseph, age 25, enlisted July 22, '61, private. Jennings, William, age 28. enlisted July 26,'6i, private. Johnson, George, 22, July 22, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 16, '63. Jones, Joseph, age 23, enlisted Mar. 22, '62, private. Kaanoy, Michael, 32, Aug.23.'6i, p, vir July 2. 63, disc for disab. Kane. James, age 29, enlisted July 24,'6i, private. Kehoe, Patrick, 27, Aug.23, 61, wagoner, mo Aug.22,'64. Keeling, William, age 19, enlisted July 28, '61, p, c, k May 3, '64. King, Burton, age 19, enli.sted July 5, "64, p, tr to 6rst N. Y. Kinney, Michael. 41, Sept.i, 61, p., tr to vet res c July i, '63. Knowles, William, age 19, enlisted July 22, '61. private. I/ambert, John, 22, Aug. 4, '61. p.. d of w received May 5, '64. Leary, Richard, age 18, enlisted July 14, '61, private. l,edwitch, James, age 25, enlisted July 26. '5r, private. Lee, Robert, 44, July 22, '61, p. c, disc for disab Aug. 17, '63. l,e Fever, Hasbroke, 23, June 9, '64. p. tr to 6ist N. Y. Loughran. John, 23, Sept. 23. '6r, c, w and missing June i, '62. Ivovejoy, Edward, age 18, enlisted July 28, '61. private. Lovett, Robert, age 22, enlisted Sept. 16, "64. p. tr to 6ist N. Y. Martin, John, age 32, enlisted July 6. '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Mackerley, George, age 32, enlisted July 29, '61, private. MacCo}', Henry, 26, July 23, '61, s, disc paroled pris Aug. 13, '62. MacDonald, Chas., age 41, enlisted July 27. "61, private. MacKinsley, George, age 29, enli.sted Aug. 5, '61, private. McCuUum, Dan'l, 45, Aug. 16, '61, p. d at Andersonv Sept. 12, '64. McKay, Chas., age 38, enlisted July i, '5i, capt, disc Oct. 21, '62. McLenahan, James, age 39, enlisted Aug. 19, '61, private. McVicar, James, age 44, enlisted Aug. 14. "61, p. m-o Aug. 11, '64. Mallett, Charles, 27, July 24, '61, s,w Dec. 13, '62, d of w Jan. 2. '63. Meadows, George W., age 26, enlisted July 22, "61, private. Meehan, William, age 20, enlisted July 7, '64, p. died Nov. 30, '64. Morey. Michael, age, 32, enlisted July 5, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y., Mortanto, I,., 42, July 8,'64, p, w, pris Aug. 25. '64, disc June i6,'65. Mosier, O., 19, Dec. 20. '61, p, wjuly i, '62, disc for disab Aug.6, '62. Mulcahey, John, age 23, enlisted July 22, '61, p, tr to vet res c. Murray, Peter, 35, Aug. 11, '64, p, w May 5, '64, disc Aug. 11, "64. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 313 Naxigle. J.. 19, Sep. 25. "61, p, pristwice.wjune i6,'64, trto6istN.Y. Nelson, Horatio, age 35, enlisted Aug. 25, "61, piivate. Newell, Eugene, age 38, enlisted July i,' 64. p, m-o Aug. 23, '65. Paltner,T.,2o.July 2 2.'6i,p,c,prisOct.i4,'63,d AndersonvJune27."64. Parker, Edwd A.. 22, Nov. 14, '62, p. tr to i6th Inf June 16. 63. PendriU, George, age iS, enlisted Oct. 13, '6t, private. Raymond, S., 35, Oct. 2, '61, p, w July 3/62, disc for disab Oct. 9,'62. Reach, Edward, 30. July 24, '61, p, mustered-out Aug, 11, "64. Reed, Chas., 21, Nov. 12, "61, p, c, w June 16, '64, disc Dec. i. '64. Reid. William. 24. July 22. "61, 2-lt. capt, tr to 6ist N. Y. Rictor, John, age 19. enlisted July 30, "61. private. Riley. John, age 21, enli.sted July 22, '61, private. Robb, Jas., 26, July 18, "61, p, disc as paroled pris Aug. 13, '62. Rodgers, Joseph, age 30, enlisted July 26, '61, private. Romaine, Phillip, 33, July 22, "61. p, w and missing June 28. '52. Rourke, Francis. 41, Oct. 22, "61, p, disc for disab Dec. 11, '62. Ryan, Thomas. 23, Aug. 2, '61, p, tr to vet res c Aug. i, "63. Shanley. Michael, age 25, enlisted Aug. 8, '61, private. Schounder. Frederick, 35, July 25, "61, private, Ir to 6ist N. Y, Schneider, Charles, age 27, enlisted Aug. i, '61, private. Schneider, George, 21, Aug. 2, "61, p, w and absent July 3. '63. Serey, O.. 28, Aug. 13, "61. w Dec. 13, '62, May 3,'63, tr to5ist N.Y. Seymour, William J., 21, Dec. 9, "61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Shaw. George, age 29, enlisted Aug. 2, "61, private, Sherwood, William A., 31, Aug. 19, '61. p. sergt, m-o Aug. 25, '64. Shields, Thomas, 21, Nov. i, "61, private, tr to 6ist N. Y. Simpson, John, age 21, enlisted Aug. 3. "61, corporal. Skeet. Arthur, age 16, enlisted March 7, "62, private. Smith, John, 27, Aug. 2. '61, w May 5, "64, m-o Aug. 17, '64. Smith, J. G.. 40, July 22. '61, p. s, w June 16, "64, disc Aug. 11, "64. Smith, Richard, age 2,5. enlisted Aug. i. "61, corporal. Smith. William, age 15, enlisted July 22, '61. m, tr to 6ist N. Y. Spencer. William, age 21, enlisted July 26, "61, private. Stanley, John. 20. Aug. 3, '61, p. mustered-out Aug. 11, '64. Stanford, Robert, 42, Oct. i. "61, w June i, "62, d of w July 27, "62. Strickler, Alonzo. 21, Aug. 22. '61, p. mustered-out Sept. 17, '64. Sutter, Robert, age 42. enlisted Aug. 18, '61, p, m-o Aug. 11, '64. Swartz, Henry, age 18, enlisted July 27, '61, p. killed July 2. '63. Swift, Thomas, age 4a., enlisted July 30. '61. private. Terry, Edward, age 32, enlisted July 30, "61, private. Thompson. Thomas, age 20, enlisted July 24. '61, private. Thummill. Thomas, age 33, enlisted July 22, '61, private. 314 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Watling, James, age 44, enlisted July 29, '61, private. Werner, Joseph, age 19. enlisted July 28, '61, private. Wright, A.W. 25, July 24,'6i,s,lt-col,w June I7,'6i,d^f wjuly 2. '64. COMPANY G. Adams, George H., age 19, enlisted Sept. 18, '61, private. Allairo, Edwin, age 18, enlisted Sept. 8, '61, private. Allen, S, age 32, enlisted Sept. 27, '61, p, disc disab Feb. 27' 64. Clark, Thee, age 18, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, p, disc Oct. 24, '64. Anderson, James, age 18, enlisted April 4, '64, p, tr to 6ist X. Y. Armstrong, Chas., age 18, enlisted Sept. 16. '61, p, k June i5, '64. Baker, Augustus, age 16, enlisted Aug. 24, 61, private. Ballard, Levi, age 19, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, private. Ball, William, age 33. enlisted July 29, 64, p. m-ojuly 24. "65. Bassett, J., 18, Sept. 7, '61, p, wSept. 17. '62. disc disab Jan. 23, '63. Blackwell, John, age 22, enlisted Aug. 24, '61, private. Bones, John, age 20, enlisted Sept. 23, "61, corporal. Brady, James D., age 19, enlisted Sept. 16, 15i, private. Bray, James, age ig, enlisted Sept. 14, '61, private. Burton, Geo. L,., sergt. from co. F, disc for disab Oct. "62. Callahan, James, age 34, enlisted Oct. 2, '61, p, k May 2, '63. Campbell, Thomas, age 21, enlisted Sept, 5, '61, private. Charsley, W., age 27, enlisted Oct. 9, '5i, p, s, tr to 6ist X. Y. Clark, Theo, age 18, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, p, disc Oct. 24, '62. Conway, John, age 30, enlisted Aug. 30, 61, private. Crowley, Timothy, age 35, enlisted Aug. 30, '61, private. Crumm, George, age 19, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, private. Danielson, Oliver, age 31, enlisted Sept. 16, "61, private. Davenport, Wm. M., enlisted April 10, '62, private. Davis, Daniel, age 25, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, private. Devoe, Ebenezer, age 19, enlisted Oct. 8, '61, private. Dykeman, G. W., age 22, enlisted Oct. i, '61. p, s, tr to 6ist N. Y. Eglington, Wm., age 32, enlisted Sept. 28, '61, c, k Sept, 17, '62. Emavan, James, age 21, enlisted Sept, 5. '61, p, disc for disab. Farley, John, age 18, enlisted Sept, 12, "6r, private. Eraser, David, age 19, enlisted Sept. I2,'6i, p, corporal. Fredericks, Samuel, 26, Sept.13,'61, c, disc for disab Feb.9,'64. FuUum, James, age 41, enlisted Aug.28,'61, private. Garman, John, age 34, enlisted Sept. 27, '61, p, k May 5, '64. Garvey, John, age 22, enlisted Sept. io,'6i, private. Glynn, John,22,Sept.24,'6i,p,wMay2,'63, Junei6,'64,trto6istN.Y. Gracey, James, 19, Sept. 27, '61, p, sick at N.Y. Oct,'63. ilUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 315 Grimes, James, 37, Sept.27,'6t, p, disc for disab Mar.27,'62. Harvey, Thomas, 43, Sept.i6,'6i, p, disc for disab May 22, '62. Hayley,P.,4o, Sept.24,'61, p, w Sept. 17, '62, sick at N.Y, Feb. '63. Higgius, John age 40, enlisted Sept. 25, '61, private. Hopper, Jacob, age 40, enlisted Sept.i8,'6i, private. Hughes, Thomas, age 24, enlisted Sept. 2, '61, private. Hurley, William, age 17, enlisted Sept.17,'61, private. Jones, George W., 21, Sept. 15, '61, ist-lt, It-col, m-o Aug.13,'64. KanifiF, John, age 30, enlisted Sept. 2, '6 1. private. Kenny, James, age 17, enlisted Sept. 16, '61, musician. Kerrigan, Michael, age 18, enlisted Sept.21,'61. private. Kirk, William A., 44, July i,'5i, capt, maj, k June 17, '64. Koch, Lewis, age 19, enlisted Sept. 6, '61, private. Laird, James H., age 24, enlisted Sept. 25, '5i, private. Lane, Edward G., 27, Sept.2g,"6i, p, disc for disab Dec.2,'63. Lawrence, Jacob, age 39, enlisted Sept.2S,'5i, private. Lee, Michael, 35, Oct. 20, '61 p, disc for disab .\pr.24,'63. Livingston, John G., 24, Oct.i,'6i p, tr to cavaliy Dec. 26, '62. Loomis, Charles E., 22, Sept.io.'6r, s, disc for disab Oct.9,'62 Longhrin, John, age 32, enlisted Sept. 17, 61, private. Lynch, Neil, age 22, enlisted Sept. 23, '61. private. McAlister, Robt., 42, Sept. '61. p. w Dec. 13, '62, disc Feb. 3. 63. McGuire, Patrick, 23, Sept. 23, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 21. "62. McGuire, Thomas, age 22, enlisted Sept. 23. "61, private. McKeown. John, 29, Sept. 23. '61, p, disc for disab Jan. i, '63. McLaughlin, E.. age 22. enlisted Sept. 16, '61, c. tr to 6ist N. Y. McNight. William, from co F. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. McOuirk. John, age 21, enlisted Oct. 9, '61. p, k Sept. 17, '62. Mahoney, James, age 18, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, private. Martin, Phillip, 21,^ Sept. 19, '61, c, disc for disab Feb. 4, "63. Meyer, Alfred, age 28, enlisted Aug. 23, '61. private. Moynahan, Jeremiah, 42, Sept. 7. "61, p, disc for disab Mch. 25,'63. Murphy. John (ist), 38, Oct. i. "61, p, tr to vet res c Dec. 14. '62. Murphy, John (2d), 20, Nov. 7, '61, p, disc for disab Mch 27, '63. Myers, Stephen, age 21, enlisted Sept. 14, '61, corporal. O'Keefe. John J., 44, Oct. i, '61, p, died of dis Aug, 16 '62. Oliver, Benjamin, age 18, enlisted Sept. zi, "61, private. O'Meara, Patrick, age 38, enlisted Sept. 9, '5i, private. O'Neill, Jeremiah, 19, Sept. 5. 61, p, died of dis April 20, "62. Osborn, Robert, age 38, enlisted June 13, '64. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Parliament. John, age 37, enlisted Sept. 28, '61, private. Porter, Robt., 19, Sept. 7, '61, p, w May 5, "64. tr to 6ist N. Y. 3i6 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Pou, Paul M., enlisted Sept. 15, '61, sergt, ist-lt. k Dec. 13, '62. Quill, James, 31, Sept. 5, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 27, '62. Rapp, Ferdinand, age 21, enlisted July 5, '64, p, tr to 5ist N. Y. Reich, Christian, age 18, enlisted Sept. 11, '61, private. Reise, Joseph T., 27, Sept. 21. '61. p, died March 26, '65. Richards, Alfred, age 27, enlisted Oct. 3, '6i, p, disc Nov. 9, '64. Ridley, Frederick, age 32, enlisted Sept. 27, '61, private. Riley, Terrence, age 33, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Roche, John, age 18, enlisted June 8, '64 p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Ruscombe, Henry, age 2i, enlisted Aug. 23, '61, p, tr to 6istN. Y. Schrantz, George, age i5. enlisted May i, '64, m, tr to 6Tst N. Y. Scherry, Christy, 18, July 6, '64, p, d of w Oct. 29, '64. Schworr, Joseph age 32, enlisted July 6, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Shields, Michael, 43, Sept. 16, '6r, p, disc for disab Sept. 6, '64. Smalley. James, age 26, enlisted Oct. 3, ,61, private. Smith, Henry, 28, Oct. 15 '61, p, disc for disab Nov. i, '62 Spadolas, Jacob, age 38, enlisted July 6, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Stanley, W., 24, Sep. 27, '61 ,p,s,wDec.i3,'62,discfordisab Aug. ii,'64. Stevenson, James W., age 18. enlisted Sept. 11, ,61, private. Sullivan, J. M., 23, Sept.28,'61, p, s, w May 5, '64, tr to 61st N. Y. Sullivan, Thomas, age 20 enlisted Sept. 13, '61, private. Sweeney, James, age 40, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, p. disc Mar. i, '64. Tulley, Patrick, 43, Aug. 29, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 26, '63. Valentine, George, age 18, enlisted Sept. 21, '61, private. Walmsley. Samuel, age 19, enlisted Sept. 23, '61, private. Ward, John, age 38, enlisted Sept. 25, '61, private. Weil, Benjamin, 33. Sept. 30, '61, p. disc for disab Feb. 13, '63. Wendell, John M., age 19, enlisted Sept. 18, '61, private. West, Benjamin, age 24, enlisted Oct. i, '61, p. k Sept. 17, '62. Westervelt, Jacob, age 21, enlisted Sept. 16. "61, corporal. Whitman, James, age 22, enlisted Oct. 15, '61. private. Williamson. James, 39, Aug. 21, '61, p, wjune i6.'64, tr to 6ist N.Y. Williamson, J. A., age 34, enlisted Aug. 28, '61. private. COMPANY H. Acre, John W., age 20. enlisted Sept, 28, i86i. private. Adams, Casper, 18, Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 8, '64. Adams,C.W.,i8,Sept.i7,'5i,p,wMay5,'64, discfor disab May 5, '64. Adams, S.,20,Sept. 23, '61, p, w Sept.17, '62, disc for disab April 11, '63 Anderson, John, 28, Sept, 18, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 28, '62. Bailey, William C, age 33, enlisted Sept, 17, '61, private. Bartlett, Edward, age 28, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to 61st N. \'. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 317 Bartlett, Thomas, 31, Sept. 17, '61. p, disc for disab Sept. 23, '62. Bartlett, William, age 32, enlisted Sept. 24, '61, p, tr to vet res c. Bender, Henry, 23, Sept. 17, '6i, p, disc for disab Sept. 27, '64. Bender, Jacob, age . ., enlisted June 29, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Biegan, John, age iS, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Blakeney, Joseph, age 28, enlisted Sept. 28, '61, private. Blee, Jacob, age 24, enlisted Sepf. 17, '61, p, m-o Oct. 16, '64. Brant, Alfred B., age 21, enlisted Oct. 12, '61, private. Boland, Michael J., age 19, enlisted Sept. 22, '61, private. Busby, Edward M., age 28, enlisted Oct. i6,'6i; ist-s, tr to vet res c. Capron, William J., age 20 enlisted Sept. 18, '61, p, w May 5, '63. Carter, Jas., 21, Sept. 7, '61, p, wDec:i3,'62, discfor disab July i6,'63. Chambers, Augustus, age 38, enlisted Sept.17,'61, p, k Sept.17,'62. Clark, J. I/., 19, Sep.i8,'6i, p, wSep.17,'62, disc for disab Jan. 20, '63. Combs, Godfrey, 19, Sept. 17, '61, p, disc for disab May 22, '63. Cornelius, James, age 18, enlisted Oct. 15, '5i, p, m-o Oct. 15, '64. Dear, Jacob, age 19, enlisted Sept. 28, '61, private. Dearman, Henry C, iS, Oct. i5, '61, p, m-o Oct. 15, '64. Duff, James, age 35, enlisted Oct. 10, '61, private. Edwards, Jas. T., 35. Sept. 4, '5i, p, disc for disab Dec. 18, '61. Edwards, William H., age 19, enlisted Sept. 30, '61. private. Eichorn, C. F., 27, Sept. 13, '61, c, s, w May 3, '63, m-o Oct. 15, '64. Gitrink, Augustus, age 31, enlisted Sept. 14, '61, p, k Dec. 13., '62. Gorman, Patrick, age 26, enlisted Sept. 25, '61, private. Gotter, Alexander, 21, Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to vet res c Aug. 17, '64. Hancock, Levi, 22, Sept. 7, '61, c, w May 5, '64, d of w July 10, '64. Herbert, Thomas G., 29, Sept. 17, '61, c, disc for disab Mch. i,'63. Hester, Patrick, 18, Oct. 12, '61, p. disc for disab Dec. 28, '62. Higbee, Henry H, 21, Nov. 12, 61, 2d-lt, k Sept. 17, '62. Homer. Wesley Jno., 27, Sept. 9, '61, It, capt, resigned Aug. 4, '62. Howard, Wesley, 20, Oct. 12, '5i, p, wjune i6, '64, m-o Oct. 14. '64, Howard, Wilsey, age 18, enlisted Oct, 12, '61, p, pris Aug. 25, '64. Hugh, Edward, age 20, enlisted Sept. i5, '61. p, d of w June 30, '64. Jackson, Charles W., age 31, enlisted Oct. 11, '61, sergeant. Jacquett, John, age 22, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, d of dis Oct. 17, '62. Kimble, James H., 18, Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 28, '62. Lonsberry, Peter, 39, Oct 13. '61, p, tr to vet res c March 15, '64. Lindner, Augustus, age 33, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, private. Lynt, Amos W., age 24, enlisted Sept. 12, '61, c, m-o Oct, 15, '64, Mansfield, G..34,Sept. 29, '61, c, w Dec, '62, tr to vet res c June '64, Martin. Charles, age 22, enlisted Sept. 9, 61, c, k Aug. 25, '64. Moore, William, age 30, enlisted Sept. 16, '61, private. 3i8 STORY OF A REGIMENT. McCluskey, Jacob, age 30, enlisted Oct. 7, '61, private. McGowan, Franklin, 19, Sept, 17, '61, p, w Sept. 17, '62, tr to arty. McGowan, Stewart, 20, Sept. 23, '61, p, tr to vet res c June 15 '64. Miller, James, age 40, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Murphy, Hugh, enlisted March 18, '62, p,diedof dis Oct. 12, '64. Myers, Frederick, 21, Oct 2, '61, p, disc for disab. June 27, '62. Nichols, Wm. H., age 23, enlisted Oct. 16, '61, s, m-o Oct. 14, '64. Patrick, Michael, 45, Sept. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 19, '62. Payne, Edward, 44, Oct. i, '61, wagoner, disc for disab Jan. 10, '64. Peterson, Charles, 27, Oct 8, '61, p, tr to vet res c Feb. 8, '64. Phalon, Edward, 35, Oct. 16, '61, p, disc for disab April 21, '62. Reeves, J. W., 21, Sept. 17, '61, p, d at Andersonville June 6, '64. Rohlether, Herman, 20, Sept. 15, "61, w May 5, '64, d a prisoner. Routeen, Lucas, age 21, enlisted Oct. 10, '61, private. Sapp, George W, 20, Sept. 17, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 25, '62. Sax, Peter C, age 21, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, m-o Oct. 15, '64. Schaffrey, J. C, 30, July 6, '64, p, w Sept. 10, '64, trto6ist N. Y. Schmall, Francis, 41, July 8, '64, p, w Aug. 25, '64, tr to 6istN.Y. Scott, ChaF. C, July 6, '64, p, d of w received Aug. 25, '64. Sherman, T. B., 29, Sept. 5, '61, s, pris June 22, '64, d Dec. 10, "64. Simmons, T. H., age 18, enlisted Oct. i, '61, private. Smith, Jason, age 24, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, private. Smith, John, age 32, enlisted Sept. 4, "61, p, m-o Sept. 28, '64. Smith, Oliver, age 20, enlisted Sept. 12, '61, p, d of dis Sept. 13, '62. Springstein, Robert, age 22, enlisted Sept. 25, '5i, p, wDec. 15, '62. Stanford, Chris., age 40, enlisted Sept. 37, '5i, p, k Sept. 17, "62. Star, Henry B., 26, Nov. i, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 8, '64. Still, John, 32, Sept. ij, '61, c, w May 5, "64, trto 6ist N. Y. Stow, John, 29, Sept. 23, '61, p, pris Oct. 14, '63, d of disease. Taylor, Wm. C, age 28, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, m-o Oct. 15, '64. Thompson, Daniel, age 19, enlisted July 6, '64, private. Throckmorton John, age 20, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, disc for disab. Toms, Joseph H., age 25, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, s, m-o Oct. 15, '94. Turner, Aaron W., 30, Sept. 14, '5i, p, d of w received June i5,'64. Vanskerer, John, 18, Sept. 17, '61, p, tr to inv c June 9, '63. .Vincent, Matthias, 22, June 30, '64, p, w Aug. 25, '64, trto6istN.Y. Vost, Ferdinand, age 20, enlisted June 13, '64, private. Warner, J. S., age 29, enlisted Oct. I9,'6i, ist-lt, disc May 19, '62. Weinrich, Paul, age 24, enlisted March 8, '64, p, tr to 6ist N Y. Wittington, Geo., 35, July 2, '64, p, pris Aug. 25, '64, tr to6istN.Y. Woodman, Francis, age 19, enlisted Sept. 30, '61, corporal. Zeller, J., age 25, enlisted Sept. 15, '61, p, disc for disab July 9, '62. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 319 COMPANY I. Apple, Henry, age 20, enlisted Aug. 14, "61, p, m-o Aug. 13, '6/I. Balch. John H., age 22, enlisted Aug. 14. '61, private. Banks, Michael, 37, Aug. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Sept. 14, '62. Banzett. H., 26, Aug. 29, '62, p, pris Aug. 14, '63, tr to 5ist N. Y. Burke, E.. age 18, enlisted January 4, '64, p, tr to navy Apr. 22, '64. Barrett. Pat., 35, Jan. 27, '64, p, w June 16, '64, d of w July 5, '64. Batcher, John, age 47, enlisted Sept. 13, '61, p, m-o Sept. 12, '64. Batcher, T., 18, Aug. 14, '61, w Dec. '6*3, June "64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Beeler, George J,, age 22, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, c, tr to 6ist N.Y. Benjamin. H., 18, Aug. I4,'6i, p.wSept. i7,'64,discdisabNov. 8,"62. Benson, William, 23, Aug. 14, '61, p, tr to artillery Oct. 19, '63. Bishoff. George, age 42, enlisted Feb. 18, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Boden. Jas., 19, Aug. 14, '61, p, pris July 2, '63, m-o Aug. 13. '64. Bohan. James, 35, Sept. 19, '61, p. tr to gunboat ser March i6, '63. Bowers, Charles E., age 19, enlisted March 25, '64, private. Brandt, Jas. H., iS, Aug. 14, '61, p, w Sept. 17, '62, disc for disab, Britton,Thos,.23,Aug. I4."6i, 2d-lt,wjune 16, '64, m-o Oct. 5. '64. Burner, Rudolf, age 19, enlisted Feb. 17, "64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Callahan, Jas., 27, March 24, '64, p,w June 16, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Carley, Patrick, 19, Jan. 29, "64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Carter, George, 20, Jan. 28, '64, p, tr to navy April 17, '64. Carey. Emory, 18, Aug. 14, '61, p, pris July 2, '63, tr to 6i.st N. Y'. Cash, Michael, age 29, enlisted Mar. 7, '64. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Chichester, Charles, 18, Aug. 14. '61, c, died Oct. 11. '64. Churcher, Foster, 26, March 14, '64, p,d of w received June i5,'64. Clark, Aaron, age 20, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p. killed Dec. 11, '62. Clark, Geo., 20, March 17, '64, p, w May 5, '64. tr to 6ist N. Y. Cook, William, age 23, enlisted Sept. I4,"6r, p,c,disc March 18, '65, Corwin, John M., 18, Aug. 14, '61, p, s, tr to 6ist N. Y. Cossier, George, age 36, enlisted Aug. 29, '61, private. Cox. Dan'lR., i8,Sept.i4'64,p,wJuly2,'63,trto vetres cMar.15,'64 Cunningham, William, 19, Jan. 29, '64. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Curtis. Dudley, 21, Aug. I4,'6i, c, s, w June 16, '64, m-o Oct. 5, '64. Curtis, J. D., 21, July J7, '61, p, mustered-out Oct. 4, '64. Curtis, Henry, age 21, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, corporal. Daley, John, 25, Sept. 15, '61, p, w June 16, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. iDaley, Washington, 23, March 15, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Danes, Cyrus, 18, Aug. 14, '5i, p, v? May 2,'63, d of w May 15, '63. Davenport, Malcolm, 2o,Aug.i4,6i, p, w May 5,'64, m-o Aug.3,'64. Davis, Richard, age 19. enlisted Feb. 9, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Daynton, William, age 31, enlisted Feb. 3. '64, p. tr to navy. Dawson, Peter, age — enlisted Sept. 23, '61, private. 320 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Diamond, James C, l8, Aug. 14, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 23, '62. Dick, John, age 42, enlisted March 22, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Dixon, Robert S., age rg, enlisted March 29, '64, p, k July 21, '64. Dohe, Jacob, age 30, enlisted Feb. 17, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Donbleby, Henry, age 43, enlisted March 24, '64, p, tr to 6ist N.Y. Downs, Albert H., age 19. enlisted Aug. I4,'6i, c, m-o Aug. 13, '64. Duffy, Martin, age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, m-o Aug. 13, '64. Eaton, Warren, 20, Sept. 24, '61, p, pris Dec. 13, '62, tr to 61st N.Y. Fargue, Robert, age 20, enlisted Aug. 14,' 61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Folger, Henry H., 21, Aug. 14, '6r, 2d-lt, killed Sept. 17, '62. Freeman, William, 18, Aug. 14, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 23, '62. Fro worth, Ferd., 28, Feb. 9, '64, p, d at Andersonv Sept. 12, '64. Ford, Michael, 22, Jan. 12, '64, p, d of dis Feb. 22, '64. Gallagher, Peter, 25, Aug. 14, '61, p, w June 16, '64. disc Aug.23,'64. Gates, John, age 21, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Georgie, Lewis, age 35, enlisted Feb. 29, "64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Gerard, John, age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, k Sept. 17, '62. Gerard, Martin, age 18, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Gray, Allen, age 20, enlisted April 7, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Greenkolp, Wm., age 40. enlisted March 15, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Gooderson, Thos., age 40, enlisted March 21, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Grimber, George. 23, Aug. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Jan. 5, '63. Hall, Wm. E., age 21, enlisted Aug. I4,'6i, ist-lt, s, m-o Aug i6,'64. Hanley, Martin, age 20, enlisted Aug. 14, '61. p, m-o Aug. 13, '64. Henry, John, 26, Feb. 11, '64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Hodgkins, Samuel, 18, Jan. 30, '64, p, m, tr to 6ist N. Y. Homan, Wm., 21, Aug. 14, '61, p, pris July 2,'63, m-o March 1,65. Hopkins, Tho., 19, Aug. I4,'5i. p,c, pris Oct. I4,'63, m-o July 8,'65. Hune, Jacob, age 18, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, discharged. Hunter, Patrick, 28, Sept. 24, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 10, '63. Jepson, Geo., 20, Aug. 14, '61, p, c, w Sept. 17, '62, tr to 5ist N. Y. Jones, L., 31. Aug. 14, '61, p, pris Oct. 14, '63. d at Belle Isle, Feb. 18, '64. Keefe, Patrick, age 16, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Keegan, J, 22, Aug. I4,'6i,p, wjune i,'62, disc for disab Mar. 12, '63 Kelly,M., 19, Aug.i4,'5i, p, wSept.17, 62, disc for disab Feb. 13, '63. Kelly, William, age 30, enlisted, Nov. 10, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Lackey, Thomas, 38, Aug. 14, "61, disc for disab Mar. 6, '63. Learning, Henrj', 18, Mar. 9, 64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Lantham, Florence, 30, Mar. 25, '64, p, disc for disab Mar. 25, '64. Lewis, Arthur, age 21, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p. d in gun-boat ser. Luydans, Seymour, 20, Aug. 14, '61, corp, d of dis Feb. 13, '62. Loyd, Lawrence, 22, Aug.14,'61, c, w July 2, '63, m-o Aug. 19, '64. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 321 Lutsey, Richard, 32, Aug, 14, '61, corp, discfor disab June 14, '62. Madison, William H., 22, Sept.19,'61, p, disc for disab Dec.27,'62. Malloy, Tliomas, 19. Aug.14,'61, p. w Dec. 13, '62, m-o Aug.13,'64. Malouey. Jas., 34, Feb. 11, '64, p, w and missing May 8, '64. Marion, William F., 25, Aug. 14, '61, wagoner, k Sept. 17, '62. McCabe, John, 29, Feb. 11, '64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6tst N. Y. McE'iwee. John, 19, Aug. 14, '61, p, wjune 16, 64, tr to 6ist N. Y. McEwee, George, age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. McEvoy, Daniel age 21, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. McDeavitt. James, age 38, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, d of disease. ' McFadden. Dan'l 37, Aug.i4,'6i, p, w May 5, '64, m-o Aug.13,'64. McGuire, Geoige, 19, Aug. 14, '61 p, w Dec. 13, '62, m-o Aug.13,'64. McGuire. Thomas, 17, Ang. 14, '61, p, d of dis May 17, '62. Mcintosh, T.,26,Aug.i4,'6i,p,wJuly 2,'63, trto vetrescMar.15,'64. McLaughlin, Anthony, age 28, enlisted Mar. 31, '64, p, kjvily 21, '64. McNulty, Daniel, 28, Sept. 23, '61, p, disc for disab April 24,'63. Millard, John E., 18, Aug. I4,'6i, c, w June 16, '64, m-o Oct. 5, '64. Miller, James J., age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, m-o Aug. 13, '64. Moore, CornieL., age 18, enlisted Aug. I4,'6i, p,2d-lt,m-o Aug.i3,'64._ Moore, William, age 42, enlisted Nov. 10, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Morgan. Patrick, 26, Feb. 9, '64, p, w June 16, '64, tr to 6istN. Y. Moore, Edward, 19, Aug. 14. '61, p, w June i, '62. d of disease. Morrison. Isaac, 40, Nov. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Nov. 7, '62. Morse. Wm. H., 20, Aug. 14, '61, s, d of dis Apr. 19, '62. Mulford, W. E. ,19, Sept. 24, '61, p, w Aug. '64,difc for disab. Jan. '65. Myers Edward, age 22, enlisted Feb. 8, '64, p, kAug. 25, '64. Niles, John, 38, Aug, 14, '61, s, tr to vet res c Nov. 15, '63. Norton, Beecher, 19, Aug. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Sept. 6, '£2. Oakey, Roland, age 20, enlists d Sept. 13, '61, private. 0"Neil, James B., age 27, enlisted April 7, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Osborn, William, age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, musician.' Paine, J. C ., 22, Aug. 14, '61, ist-lt, capt, tr to signal c Mar. 3, '63. Palmer, Elisha L., 21, Aug. 14, '61, s, 2d-]t, pris Aug. 2, '63. Parker, Charles, age 19, enlisted Aug. 23, '61, private. Parketon, William F., 21, Aug. 14, '6r, s, d of dis 1862. Parks, W., 21, Aug. I4,'6i, c, w Sept. 17, '62, tr to inv c Jan. 15, '64. Parsons, Wm., 27, March 9, '64, p, w June 16, '64, tr to 6i6t N. Y. Pettit, Jean, 27, March 31, '64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6i6t N. Y. Porter, Henry, age 18, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Potter, John F., age 23, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Power, Edmund, age 21, enlisted April 6, '64, p, tr to 61st N. Y. Powers, Edmund, 24, Mar.25,'64, p, w Aug. 25,'64, trtoto6istN.Y. 322 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Praze, Benjamin, age 22, enlisted Feb. 22, '64, p. tr to 6ist N. Y. Price, Wm., 19, Feb. 9, '64, p, w May 5, '64, tr to 6[st N. Y. Proud, Frank P., 18, Aug. 14, '64, p, disc for disab July 20, '62. Rattigan, Matthew, age 33, enlisted Aug. 14, '64, private. Riden, Rodger, age 22, enlisted March 3, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Reese, Wm., age 23, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, p, k Sept. 17, '62. Reeves, M. B., age 22, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, d of dis May i, '62. Reilley, Lawrence, 31, Aug 14, '61, w May 5, '64, tr to 61st N. Y. Relater, Frederick Wm., 39, Aug. 14, '61 p, k Dec. 13, '62. Rodgers, Geo. S., 20, Aug. 14, '61, p, d of dis Aug. 14, '62. Ruland, Joel E., age 21, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, c, k Sept. 17, '62. Russell, Robert, age 19, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, s, m-o Oct. 5, '64. Ryan, Patrick, age 24, enlisted Sept. 13, '6r, p, tr to cav Oct. 20, '62. Saunders, Thorndike, 25, Aug. 14, '61, capt, disc Feb. 8, '62. Sawyer, Edward A., age 41, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, private. Scanlan, Michael, age 32, enlisted Jan. 30, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Schmidt, John, age 23. enlisted Feb. 9. '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Scofield, Lewis, age 18, enlisted Jan. 28, '64, m, tr to 6ist N. Y. Simoson, John, age 28, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, k Sept. 17 ,62. Smith, Davis, age 27, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, d of w Sept. 8, '63. Smith, Richard, age 18, enlisted Feb. 4, '64, p, tr to 6ist N Y. Smith, Richard 2d, age 19, enlisted March i, '64, p, trto6istN.Y. Sprague,Wm., 25, Aug. I4'6i, p,"wMay3,'63, trvetresc Aug. 8,'63. Tanzy, James., 24, Aug. 14, '61, wjuly 2, '63, kjune 21, '64. Taylor, Albert, age 18, enlisted Aug. 14, '61, p, c, k Dec. 13, '62. Valentine, Henry, 21, March 9, '64, w May 5, '64, tr to 6ist N Y. Ward, Thomas, age 32, enlisted Feb. 16, '64, p, k June 22, '64. Warrell, Chas.. 18, Aug. I4,'6i, p, s. d at Andersonv Oct. 17, '64. Watson, Thos. B.. 20, March 9, '64, p. w May 5, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Welch, Edw. F. , 20, Feb, 25, '64, p, w June 16, '64, disc Sept. 9,'64. Wilcox, Forrest, age 21, enlisted Feb. 26, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Williams, Chas., age 35, enlisted April 9, '64, tr to 6ist ISl. Y. Williams, David, 22, Feb. 29, '64, p, died of dis April 26, '64. Woods, Charles, age 20. enlisted March S. 64, p. tr to 6ist N. Y. COMPANY K. Alcoke, Richards., age 27,enlisted Nov. 20, '61, s,capt,m-o Oct. 17, '64. Allard Granville, 20, Aug. 23, '61, p, died of dis Jan. 7, 62. Allen, Thomas, age 29, enlisted Aug, i, '61, private. Baker, Andrew, age 20, enlisted Aug. 31, '61, p. w May 3,'63,m-o. Barton, Harvey S., age 20, enlisted Sept. 19, '61, private. Bedell, Charles, age 22, enlisted Aug. 23, '62, p, died of disease. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 323 Bilyon, Jacob', age 28, enlisted May 2, '62, private. Blydenburgh, Charles, age 21, enlisted Aug, 19, '61, private. Bower, Martin V. B , 20, Aug. 29, '61, 2-lt, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Brown, Edw. P., 24, Dec. 29, '61, wagoner, tr to 6ist N. Y. Bridge, J., 20, Aug.28,'6i,p, w May 3,'63,disc for disab Feb. 24,'64. Bridge, S., 2r, Nov. i, 61, p, pris, Aug. 25, '64, m-o April 12, '65. Broom, Chas. H. H., 23, Aug. I, '61, 2d-lt, ist-lt, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Bugbee, Heiiry F., 31, Aug. 21, '61, p, d of w Sept. 29, '62. Cameron, Alexander G., 43. Aug. 20, '61, p, s, disc Oct. 5, '64. Ca.ssidy,Pat..38,Aug.26,'6i,p,w Dec. 13, '62, disc for disab Mch i,'63. Clark, Wm. H., 19, Aug. 14, '61, p, tr to artillery Oct. 20, 62. Clary, James, age 32, enlisted Aug. 3, '5r, p, killed Dec. 31, '62. Cray, Chas., 30, Aug. 2, '61, p, pris Aug. 25, '64, tr to 6[st N. Y. Crimmins, John J., age 18, enlisted April 25,'64,m, tr to 5ist N.Y. Cummings, Jerry, age 30, enlisted Aug. 26, '61, private. Curtis, Charles B., 33, Aug. 28, '61, ist-lt, capt, res June 8, '63. Davis, William, 22, Aug. 26, '61, p. disc for disab Oct. 24, '62. Dougherty. William, 28, Aug. 29, '61, p,disc for disab April 16, '63. Drew, Pierre, age 34, enlisted Aug. 20, 61, private. Duffy, John, 40, Aug. 22, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 14, '62. Duningan, Thomas, 17, Sept. 19, '5r, m, disc for disab Sept. 11, '64. Dwyer, Patrick, 24, Nov. 4, '61, p, disc for di.sab Jan. 6, '62. Eagan, John, 25, Sept. 30, '61, p disc for disab Dec. 3, '62. Ebert, Reuben, age 39, enlisted Aug. 16, '61, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Featherstone, William, age 40, enlisted Aug. 29, '61, private. Fairbanks, James, age23. enlisted Aug. 28, '6r, p,c, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Ferguson, Uriah L. , 20, Aug. 3, '61, sergt, disc for w Oct. 30, .'62. Fogerty, Daniel, 22, Oct. 14, '61, p, tr to cavalry Oct. 22, '62. Fogg, James, age 27, enlisted Aug. 30, '61, c, sergt,m-o Oct. 8, '64. Frank, Jacob, 40, Aug. 20, '61. p, tr to inv c Sept. i, '63. Frazer, John, age 19, enlisted Aug. 24, '6t, private. Frear, Joseph, 19, Aug. 3, '61, p, disc for disab Aug. 20, '64. Gracie, Jackson, age 29, enlisted Aug. 29, "Sr, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64, Gray, W., age 41, enlisted Aug. 5, '6T,p, disc for disab Feb. 5, '62. Gorman, Thomas, age 19, enlisted Aug. 3, '61, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Gordon, James, age 22, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Gregory, George, age 28, enlisted Aug. 26,'6i, p,d of w Dec. 27, '62. Gregory, Joseph W, age 38, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, private. Griffin, Israel, age 31, enlisted Aug. 24, '61, private. Hafner, George, age 18, enlisted Aug. 16, '61, tr to cavly Oct. 22, '62. Hauser, John, age 33, enlisted Aug. 4, '61 p, dof dis Oct. 16, '63.. Hawarth, J., 21, Sept. 12, '61, p, pris Oct. 14, '63, k May 5, '64. 324 STORY OF A REGIMENT. Hewey, Jacob, age 33, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, p, disc Oct. 6, '64, Huestes, Joel, age 29, enlisted Aug. 29, '61, private. Jaccard, Phillip, age 29, enlisted Aug. 16, '6[, private. Jones, Evan, 19, Aug. 22, '61, w Sept. 17, '62, disc Nov. 9, '64. Jones, William, age 20, enlisted Aug. 23, '6r private. Jones, William B., age 2o,enlisteQ Aug. 3, '61, p, tr arty Oct.ig,'62. Keller, Jacob, age 20, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, private. Keety, John, age 19, enlisted Aug. 9, '6r, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Lake, Isaec, 34, Aug. 9, '61, p, tr to gun boat serv Feb. i5, '62. La Bullock, Ives, age 33, enlisted Aug. 16, '61, private. La Vallei, A. J., 2\, Aug. i, '61, capt, dismissed May 23, '63. Lay, Abner C. age 26, enlisted Aug. 29, '61, corporal. Lengner, John, age 40, enlisted Aug. 26, '61, p, k May 5, '64, Lee, Jordan J., age 20, enlisted Aug. 21, '61, p, k June i, '62. Lynch, Christopher, 20, Aug. 28, '61, p, died of w Oct. 30, '62. Masterson, Patrick, 26, Aug. 27, '61, p, died of dis Sept. 7, '64 Mauser, Joseph, 30, Aug. 29, p, disc for disab Dec 11, '62. Miller, Wm., age 23, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Mince, John, age 19 enlisted Aug. 17, '5i, private. Monson, Charles, age 24, enlisted Aug. 7, '61 , .sergeant. Morey, Gilbert, 3^, Aug. 22, '61, p, disc for disab Dec 9/62. Mosher, Wm. H., age 21, enlisted Aug. 30, '61, m, tr to 61st N Y. Morrow, W.James, 23, Aug. 30, '61, p, com sergt, m-oSept. 3, '64. Murray, Patrick, age 30, enlisted Sept. 16, '61, private. McCarty, J., 23, Aug. 31, '6£, s, pris Aug. 25, '64, tr to 5ist N. Y. McDowell, Wm., 18, Sept. 2, '61, p, c, w May 3, '63, m-o Sept. 3, '64. McCabe, Thomas S., age 20, enlisted July 30, '61, private. McFarlaner, Charles, age 26, enlisted Aug. 27, '61, private. McFarlane, William H., age 26, enlisted Aug. 24, '61, private. McGuire, Isaac J., 22, Aug. 21, '5r, p, tr to 12th inf Jan. 24. '63. Norris, Ronan, 20, Nov. 4, '61, p, disc for disab March ir, '63. Osborne, Wm., 40, Oct. I4.'6r, p. o, wjune i6,'64. d of wjuly 3,'54. Osborne, James, 32, Oct. 14, '61, p, disc for disab Feb. 6, '62. O'Keefe, M , 29, Aug. 26, '61, p, w June 16, '64, disc disab Dec. 17, '64. O'Neil, Michael, 23, Aug. 22, '61, c, d of dis Sept. 12, '62. Pellerin, Leon, age 30, enlisted Aug. 20, '6c, corporal. Pierce, T. P., 2,s, Sept. 19, '6t, sergt, d of dis April 19, '62. Place, Jonas, 37, Aug. 22, '61, wagoner, absent sick Oct. 31, '61. Richards, Horace W , 41, Nov. 8, '61, p, disc for disab June 5, '62. Ridings, James, 27, Sept. 16, '6r, p, d of dis June 25, '62. .RidiBgs, Thomas, age 20, enlisted Aug. 26, '6r, private. Ridings, Thomas T., age 22, enlisted Aug. 26, '6r, p, kjune i,'62. MUSTER ROLL FIFTY-SEVENTH N. Y. 325 Robinet, A., age 45,enliste(i Sept. 6,'6i, p.disc for disab May 24,'62. Rogers, Thomas T. , ape 28, enlisted Aug. 30, '61, private. Rowland, James, age 22, enlisted Sept. 19, '61, private. Salverius, Edmund, age 22, enlisted Nov. 15, '61, private. Seccord, Sellick, age 21, enlisted Aug. 29, '61, p, k. Dec. 13, '62. Sheeley, Edward J., age 22, enlisted Aug. 13, '61, musician. Sheridan. Lawrence, age 23, enlisted Aug. 13, '61. sergeant. Schroeder, H., 20, July 29, '61, s, pris Aug. 25, '64, tr to 6ist N. Y. Shultz, Chris., 44, Aug. i, '61, p, w May 5, '64, m-o Aug. 24, '64. Smith, Henry T., 24, Aug. 29, '61, p, disc for disab Jan. 6, '63. Smith, Richard, age 19, enlisted March i, '64, p, tr to 61st N. Y. Spenser, Nathaniel, 23, Aug. 21, '61, p, d of dis Mch. 4, '62. Stilwell, Clark, age 20, enlisted Aug. 20, "61, p, d ofw Oct. 9, '62. Tallerday, William, 20, Aug, 23, '61, p, disc for disab Oct. 18, '62. Taylor, George H., 22, Aug. 2, '61, corp, tr to cavly Oct. 22, '62. Thomas, Henrj', age 28, enlisted Aug. 21, '61, private. Tompkins. William A., age 23. enlisted Aug. 23, '61, private. Trainor, John, age 29, enlisled Aug. 22, '6i, private. Tierney, Thomas, age 36, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, p, m-o Sept. 3, '64. Waiers, Daniel, age 20, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, private. Weiat. Joseph, age 43, enlisted July 5, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Westfall, Henry, age 29, enlisted Aug. 23. '61, private. Whipple. Mathias, 28, July 5. '64, p, d at Salisbury Jan. 24, '65. White. Thomas C, 33, July 25, '61, s, 2d-lt, disc March 12, '63. Wi'son, Charles, age 22, enlisted July 5. '64, private. Woods, Charles C, age 21, enlisted July 5, '64. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Woods. Thomas, age 21, enlisted July 5, '64. private. Woodfiekl. T.. 21, Sept.i5, '6r, p, w Oct. 14, '63, m-o Sept.17. '64. Yates. Joseph C. age 43. enlisted Aug. 31, '61, private. UXASSIGNED RERUITS. Anderson, George, age 19, enlisted Jan, 27, '65, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Eoeckel, John C, age 19, enlisted Sept. 3, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Dugan, Vincent, age 16. enlisted Apr. 26, '64, p, tr to 6iEt JnT. Y. Dunnigan, John D., age 34, enlisted Dec, 8, '63, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Finkenberg, Arthur J., age 26, enlisted Sept 22, '64. p, trto 6ist N.Y. Foster, Churcher, age 26, enlisted Mar. 14, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Glencross, William, age 35, enlisted Dec.i6,'6r, p, trto6istN. Y. Harris, William, age 35, enlisted April 9, '64, p. tr to 6ist N. Y. Hudson, Wm.V, age 40, enlisted Sept. 7, '64. Ist-lt, tr to 6istN. Y. Kennry, John, age 17, enlisted April 26, '64, p, tr to 6istN. Y. Krausham, Carl, age iS, enlisted March 16, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. 326 STORY OF A REGIMENT. /^ Noonan, Daniel, age 23, enlisted March 23, '64, p. tr to 6ist N, Y. Shuntz, George, age 16, enlisted April 25, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Slyvert, Wm. A., age 18, enlisted Sept. 3, '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Smith, Richard, age 18, enlisted Feb. 4, '64, p, 1r to 6ist N. Y. Sullivan, John, age 21, enlisted Jan. 28 '64, p, tr to 6ist N. Y. Titcher, John, age 16, enlisted May 3, '64, p. tr to 6ist N. Y. Watson, Frederick, age 18, enlisted April 26,'64, p, trto 6l6t N. Y. Wood, Jedd, age 23. enlisted April 11, '64. p, tr to 6ist N. Y. CHAPTER XXL HISTORY AND ROSTER OF THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION OF THE FIFTY-SEVBNTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, BY J. T. COMMOSS, SECRETARY. At a meeting held Thursday evenmg, August 2oth, 1887 the permanent organization of a Veteran Associ- ation was effected, and a resolution adopted to have an Annual Re-Union of the survivors of the regiment. The reasons for organizing such an association were to perpetuate the deeds of this noble command; to continue the associations and memories of the war, and to cultivate comradeship among, its survivors. Mainly through the efforts of Comrade John J. McConnell, forty-two of the boys assembled and marched to the battery in New York, took the ferry to Staten Island and the cars to New Dorp, where, in the immediate neighborhood of our early encampment in 1861, they again rendezvoused, enjoyed a collation, touched once more the shoulders and in- dulged in reminiscences ever dear to a soldier. J. W. Britt was elected president and J. M. McConnell sec- retary. The Second Annual Re-Union occurred in New York City on the 23rd of January, in 1888, when thirty-four of the old regiment surrounded the table and for four hours fought over the battles of '01 to '65, renewed old associations and had a good time generally. J. W. Britt was re-elected president and Geo. W. Taylor secretary. Re-Unions have been held everv year since. The officers elected in 1839, 180J and 1891 were as follows: 328 STORY OF A REGIMENT. president, J. W. Britt; vice-president, R. S. Alcoke; secretary, Geo. W. Taylor. 1892: president, H. M. Brewster; vice-president, J. C. Paine; secretary, J. T. Commoss. 1893 and 1894: president, J. C. Paine; vice- president, A. P. Fiske; secretary, J. T. Commoss. Through the instrumentality of this association and the efforts of our former secretary', Geo. W. Taylor, we have a roster of those who yet sur\ave. containing one hundred and sixty names, forty of which have been added during the last two years. An excursion was made to Gettysburg to attend the dedication of the monument, Oct. 6, 1889, erected by the State of New York to the memory- of the heroic dead of the 57th, who fell on that field. The members present on that occasion were J. W. Britt, G. \V. Jones, J. C. Paine, J. Morrow, J. T. Commoss and A. Deforge. The monument was presented by the State Commissioner in a few well chosen remarks and an eloquent response was made for the regiment by Colonel J. W. Britt. At the unveiling of the New York State monument at Gettysburg on July 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1893, we had an attendance of fifty-two members of the association. Fift^-nine bronze medals were distributed to members of our regiment who were entitled to them by participation in that battle, the names of those who received medals and who participated in the battle of Gettysburg are a sfollows: Chas. W. Adams; Richard S. Alcoke; Ed- ward Bartlett; Stephen Bridge; James C. Bronson; Thomas Britton; M. V. B. Brower; Geo. J. Beeler; Jacob H. Cole; Charles Cray; Danl. R. Cox; Jno. Don- nelly; Fritz. Eichorn; S. G. Evans; J. M. Favill Gilbert Frederick; Robt. H. Fargue; \Vm. H. Hardy William Hughes; James Harrington; \V. H. Homan Harvey J. Hinton; C. W. Hamlin; Wilsey Howard Jos. Herder; Geo. W. Jones; Geo. W Kelly; Alex. I 163 Housell, H. C 103 Howard, W 3^8 Hudson, W. V 272 Hughes, W 123, 328 Invalid Corps 284 Jones, G. W 35,99,203,258,^69,272,334 Kelly, Geo 181, 254 Kelly, J 99 Kelsey, M. 335 Kirk, W. A 99, 142, 248 La Vallie, A. J 158 Leach, G. H , . • 34 Leamy, W. H . . 3^8 Lee, Alex . . . . ; 190 Lee, Mark 32 Leonard, F 272 Lindason 99 Lincoln, President A . . . . 3, 5, 74. 142, 183 Losses in battle ... . 2S0 Malvern Hill battle .... .71 Manassas 42, 45 Martin, W . . . ". 238, 251 McAvoy, J . . . 329 McClellau, G. B . '. 9, 87, no, 152 McConnell, J. J 194,327,335 McCormack, H . . . 251 McKibben, J . 82 McKim, R. V 34, 64, 99, 113, 335 McLaughlin, E .... 190 McLaughlin, A . . . . ... 253 Meade, G. G 152, 163 Messier, W. P . . , 328 Middleton, O. F 64, 194, 203, 269, 286, 336 Miles, N. A 81, 149, 264 Millard, J. E 65 Mine Run ... 207 Mine Explosion 260 Mitchell, Geo 34, 270, 272 Moore, C. L 194, 215 Morrisville igo Morrovir, James 328 INDEX. 347 PAGE. Mott, H. H 34,99,116,157,234,336 Mud Campaign 138 Muster Roll 298 Neeley, N 99 Nessler, H. P ... 329 New Dorp, N. J 13 Nichols, W. H 328 Niles, John 41 Paden, J. S 99. 103. I53. i94, 336 Paine, J. C 18, 135, 282, 337 Palmer, E. L 194, 195, 276, 337 Parisen, P. J . . ... 93, 94i 1°° Parsons, Burr 291, 328 I'etersburg 244 Petitt, "Frenchie" . . 263 Petitt, H 264 Pickett's Charge .... 178 Piper's House . . 88 Potter, W. W 135, 154, 158, 203, 272, 338 Pou, P. M ' 126 Proud, F . . 34 Pugh, R 328 Ream's Station ... 262-267 Reed, Chas . . . . ... 208 Reconuoissance to Cedar Run . ... 41 Reconnoissance to Fairfax . 27 Reconnoissance to Charlestown, Va. . . 105-107 Reid, Chas . . . 208 Re-enlistment .... 209 Register of Officers ... .... 294 Reed, W. M. . . . . 194, 275, 276 Reiley, J 253 Reiley, L ... 234 Reports — Cedar Run Reconnoissance 43 " Battle of Fair Oaks . 59 " Battle of Antietam . .98 " Reconnoissance to Charlestown 107 Battle of Fredericksburg 127,129,131 " Battle of Chancellorsville 153 Battle of Gettysburg 180 " Bristoe Campaign 200 " Battle of the Wilderness 229 348 INDEX. PAGE. Reports — Battles of Petersburg 248, 267 Richardson, I. B 36, 94. 97, 100 Ricbardson, R. P 272 Rose, Frank ■ 204 Roster of survivors 338 Russell, L . . . . 328 Russell, R. G 65, 190, 328 Savage, Chas 1^8 Savage Station 6g Schroeder, H . 226, 264, 328 Schwartz, J 179, 251, 286 Seven Days Retreat 66, 72 Seymore, G. W . 236 Sheep Mania ... . 109 Sherman, T. B .256 Ship Point 48 Shorey, E. H . , 190, 194, 257, 269, 272 Signal Corps _ . 282 Sixby, Chas _ 329 Sixty-First N. Y 275 Smith, J. O 329 Smith, H. T ... 329 Smith, I . . 181 Smith, W. T 64, 328 Snyder, J. E . . 97, 328 Snyder, S. R 34, 143, 258 South Mountain 83, 86 Spotsylvania .... . . . 239 Standing Guard . . . 189 Stevensburg 209 Stoneman's Letter . . .... 281 Stubbe, N 99, 103, 194, 269 Stone Wall at Fredericksburg .... . .... 128 Sullivan, J. M ... ... 194 Sumner, E. V 26, 36, 139, 141, 202 Sunken Road . ... 88, 95 Taggart, H 328 Tanzy, James . 253 Taylor, A . . . . .... 134 Taylor, G. W 123,328 Taylor, R 328 Thomas, L 272 INDEX. 349 PAGE. Thorman, H . 252^ Throop, N. G 99, 126, 129 Titnian, C 32S, Troops enlisted during the War 5 Van Hise, Chas 247, 264, 270, 329 Veteran Army Corps . . ... 273 Veteian Re- enlistment 209 Veteran Reserve Corps . . 286 Vermin .75 Ward, Thos 256 Warren, G. K 190, 199, 202 Weldon Railroad 253 Wheatfield . 169, 171 White, T. C 117 White Oak Swamp .69 Wilderness . . ^ 119 Williams, J. J 328 Winne, J. B 272, 276 Woodfield, Thos 329 Wright, A. M 223, 236, 247, 272 Zook, S. K 12, 143, 170, 177-179