"■ ACentennial History 
 
 of 
 
 Christ Church.Cincinnati. 
 
 William Henry Venable 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007837093 
 

 3 1924 007 837 
 
 093 
 
Christ Church and Parish House 
 
A Centennial History 
 
 OF 
 
 Christ Church, Cincinnati 
 
 1817-1917 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY VENABLE 
 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 STEWART & KIDD COMPANY 
 
 1918 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction, 5 
 
 I 
 
 The Founding of Christ Church, ii 
 
 II 
 The Rectorate of Rev. J. T. Brooke, 30 
 
 III 
 Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor, 43 
 
 IV 
 Agencies for Church and Parish Work, - 71 
 
 V 
 Growth of the Free Church, - - 80 
 
 VI 
 Music in Christ Church, 123 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 List of Rectors, Wardens, Vestrymen, Etc., - 133 
 
 Act of Incorporation, - 153 
 
 Certificate of Consecration, 155 
 
 Kenyon College and Bishop Chase, 156 
 
 Extract from Address on "Jesus and Nationalism," 
 BY Dr. W. S. Rainsford, May 17, 1917, - - 157 
 
 Address of Rev. Frank H. Nelson, May 17, 1917, 164 
 
 From the Sermon by the Rt. Rev. Boyd Vincent, D.D., 
 Bishop of Southern Ohio, on "The Continuity of 
 the Church," May 18, 1917, 168 
 
Introduction 
 
 THE history of civilization is largely a record 
 of man's efforts to achieve political and re- 
 ligious liberty in order to organize and 
 establish free institutions for the amelioration of 
 society and of the individual. When the old Con- 
 tinental Congress at its last meeting, availing 
 itself of the opportune occasion for making a 
 great forward movement in the moral and civil 
 affairs of the world, signalized its wisdom by en- 
 acting the body of law named with simplicity 
 the Ordinance of 1787, liberty scored a permanent 
 victory. For that later declaration of independ- 
 ence assumed the fundamental principle that 
 civil and religious liberty should be the basis upon 
 which the commonwealths to be formed from the 
 territory northwest of the Ohio river must build 
 their constitutions and their laws. It proclaimed 
 absolute emancipation of the conscience by pro- 
 viding that no person in the region named shall 
 ever be molested on account of his beliefs or his 
 mode of worship. How immense was the poten- 
 tial gain which accrued to the people of the Ohio 
 Valley from the mere announcement of the gospel 
 of universal toleration, can best be realized by 
 comparing the prejudice and bigotry of the days 
 of the Revolutionary War with the more generous 
 spirit that prevailed later. 
 
 It is interesting to recall that in the historic 
 year, 1787, Dr. William White, of Pennsylvania, 
 and Dr. Provoost, of the State of New York, 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 went to England and were there consecrated as 
 American bishops of the Episcopal Church. 
 When they reached London, they were formally 
 introduced to the church authorities by the Amer- 
 ican Minister, John Adams. It is recorded that 
 after some little delay, owing to the fact that 
 Parliament was not then in session, the consecra- 
 tion took place, Sunday, February 4, in Lambeth 
 Chapel. The two archbishops, the Bishop df 
 Bath and Wells, and the Bishop of Peterboro 
 "united in the solemn act of giving the apostolic 
 succession to the American Church." 
 
 There is no personality more memorable and 
 picturesque among those who figure conspicuously 
 as itinerant preachers crying in the wilderness, 
 than the Reverend Dr. Joseph Doddridge, who 
 was born at Friend's Cove, Bradford County, 
 Pennsylvania, October 14, 1769. He was or- 
 dained priest by the Rt. Rev. Bishop White, in 
 1 800, and he labored in Pennsylvania, West Vir- 
 ginia, and Ohio, as missionary, establishing par- 
 ishes, and became rector of a society in Zanes- 
 ville in 18 18. For twenty years prior to that 
 date, we learn from a memoir by Narcissa Dodd- 
 ridge, he had been preaching frequently in various 
 places in eastern Ohio, and there he had formed 
 a number of congregations which afterwards be- 
 came members of the diocese of Ohio. 
 
 But the most celebrated of the early Protestant 
 Episcopal missionaries pioneering to the Great 
 West is the one whom Rev. J. A. Spencer, in his 
 "Sketch of the History of the Protestant Episco- 
 pal Church in the United States of America," 
 graphically characterizes in the following words : 
 "In the good providence of God, there was a man, 
 
 6 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 named Philander Chase, whose heart was turned 
 in this direction. After considerable experience 
 in missionary labors in various quarters, Chase set 
 out for Ohio in 1817, determined to give himself 
 to the work of an evangelist in that part of the 
 United States. His labors were blessed, and he 
 seemed to be the very man for the^work to be 
 done; hence in 18 19 he was consecrated Bishop 
 of Ohio. Every kind of labor and toil came upon 
 him, but he bore up under it all. Yet the deep 
 consciousness that, if the Gospel was to be 
 preached, there must be men to do It — men, too, 
 educated and trained for this special work, in a 
 new country and among new settlers — ^pressed 
 heavily upon his mind, and caused him to revolve 
 anxiously what he was to do in such a state of 
 affairs. He concluded to visit England, and to 
 beg for means to found a college and seminary in 
 Ohio for the education of young men for the min- 
 istry. The voyage was undertaken (though its 
 expediency was doubted by many) , and Bishop 
 Chase obtained in all some thirty or forty thou- 
 sand dollars In aid of his much cherished object. 
 He returned home In July, 1824, and during the 
 next two years was busily engaged in laying the 
 foundation of Kenyon College and the Theolog- 
 ical Seminary at Gambler (both names being 
 derived from prominent donors to the cause). 
 In due time the college went into operation, 
 Bishop Chase assuming the presidency. Not long 
 after, however, there arose differences of opinion 
 between him and the professors as to the extent 
 of the bishop's powers in this office. The con- 
 vention of the diocese sustained the professors, 
 which led to an immediate resignation by the 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 sturdy old man, not only as president of the col- 
 lege, but also as Bishop of Ohio. This was in 
 September, 1831, and the case of his resignation 
 came before the General Conference of 1832. 
 The House of Bishops pointedly censured aban- 
 donment of the diocese under such circumstances; 
 but in order that the Church should not suffer 
 harm, the bishops united with the other house in 
 approving the election of Dr. C. P. Mcllvaine, 
 who was consecrated Bishop of Ohio, October 
 31, 1832." 
 
 When in January, 18 18, a convention of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church of Ohio was held 
 at Columbus, the entire representation consisted 
 of only two clergymen in full orders and but nine 
 lay delegates. These eleven men unanimously 
 resolved: "That we, the members of this Conven- 
 tion, are in communion with the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church of the United States of America, 
 and that we do adopt the general constitution and 
 canons of said Church." 
 
 In an address made to Bishop Chase at Worth- 
 ington, Ohio, on June 2, 18 19, just one year after 
 his election to the Episcopacy, his clergy, number- 
 ing but two persons, Rev. Samuel Johnston and 
 Rev. Intrepid Morse, fervently declared that, with 
 no ordinary feelings, they adverted to the present 
 situation of the Church in the West. Said they: 
 "It is a rose planted in the wilderness; may it be 
 watered with the dews of Heaven." 
 
 More than a year before the few but devout 
 representative men who composed the first Epis- 
 copal Convention in the State, assembled to form 
 Ohio into a diocese and to elect a bishop, the 
 organization of the Parish of Christ Church, 
 
 8 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Cincinnati, occurred on May i8, 1817. At that 
 time the town had a population of about nine 
 thousand inhabitants and was described as a 
 bright, beautiful little city, the metropolis of Ohio. 
 "It extended," according to accurate testimony, 
 "from the river to Sixth Street, and from Broad- 
 way to Walnut Street, and not much beyond those 
 limits. The houses were interspersed with vacant 
 lots not yet sold, which were covered with grass." 
 Mr. Timothy Flint, himself a clergyman, on his 
 way to the Mississippi Valley and the far South 
 where he did missionary work, visiting the young 
 "Queen City" in 18 16, observed that the society 
 in and about the place seemed to be copied after 
 the New England pattern. In one of his letters 
 he remarked that the people had "the same desires 
 for keeping up schools, for cultivating psalmody, 
 for settling ministers, and attending religious wor- 
 ship, as in the East." He noted that the ladies 
 had formed a Bible and charitable society and that 
 the town had a character for seriousness, good 
 order, and public spirit. 
 
 It appears that prior to the organization of the 
 first Episcopal parish in Cincinnati, four other 
 denominations of Protestant Christians had estab- 
 lished societies and erected houses of worship 
 in the city, namely, the Presbyterians, the Metho- 
 dists, the Baptists, and the Quakers. 
 
The Founding of Christ Church 
 
 BISHOP CHASE gives the following graphic 
 account of the circumstances attending the 
 organization of the First Episcopal parish 
 in Cincinnati, May i8, 1817. He says: "Dr. 
 Drake, whose book, descriptive of that rising 
 city (Cincinnati), had attracted the writer's 
 notice, received him kindly, and made pro- 
 vision that he should preach at the brick 
 meeting-house with two steeples the next day. 
 The congregation was large and attentive, and 
 at the close of the service the writer ob- 
 served that if there were any present friendly 
 to the Episcopal Church and desirous of forming 
 a parish attached to her communion In that city, 
 he would be glad to see them at Dr. Drake's im- 
 mediately after the sermon. Repairing thither, 
 there was a goodly number of the most respect- 
 able inhabitants, and among the rest was our late 
 chief magistrate, * * * ^.j^gj^ known by his 
 favorite name, 'General Harrison.' This dis- 
 tinguished gentleman at that time took an active 
 part in promoting the Institutions of religion in 
 Ohio, and God raised him, by an unusual una- 
 nimity of suffrage, to the presidential chair of his 
 country. May the same divine goodness continue 
 to bless all the presidents of these United States, 
 so that all things being settled on the best and 
 surest foundations, may Insure to our country 
 
 II 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 'peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion 
 and piety, to the latest generations, through 
 Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen/ " 
 
 The residence of Dr. Daniel Drake was located 
 on East Third Street, lower side, near Ludlow 
 Street. Those who assembled there after attend- 
 ing the religious service conducted by the Rev. 
 Mr. Chase, in the Presbyterian Church, organized 
 a meeting the proceedings of which are carefully 
 preserved in the written "Records" of Christ 
 Church, the first entries of which are here tran- 
 scribed: 
 
 "Be it remembered, that, on the Eighteenth day 
 of May in the year of our Lord, one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and seventeen, the Rev'd Phi- 
 lander Chase, late rector of Christ Church in the 
 City of Hartford, State of Connecticut, preached 
 and pronounced divine service according to the 
 Liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
 this town of Cincinnati. 
 
 "Immediately after service he explained his 
 views in coming into this State of Ohio and the 
 success which had attended his labors in collecting 
 and organizing churches to the glory of God and 
 the good of human souls. 
 
 "Whereupon the following Instrument of Par 
 rochial Association was drawn up for signature, 
 viz. : 
 
 "We whose names are under written, deeply 
 impressed with the truth and importance of the 
 Christian Religion, and anxiously desirous to pro- 
 mote its influence in the hearts and lives of our- 
 selves, our families and our neighbors, do hereby 
 associate ourselves together, and thus form a 
 parish by the name, style, and title of the Parish 
 
 12 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 of Christ Church in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, 
 State of Ohio, in communion with the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the United States of America, 
 whose Liturgy, Constitution and Canons, We do 
 hereby adopt. 
 
 "Signed, Ethan Stone, Griffin Yeatman, Wil- 
 liam H. Harrison, Ar. St. Clair, Junior, James 
 Taylor, Elijah Bemiss, Richard Fosdick, Thomas 
 Danby, Wm. Ruffin, Thomas Henderson, Edward 
 Horrock, George Williamson, James Chambers, 
 Joseph Walker, Jacob Baymiller, William M. 
 Worthington, William M. Alexander, S. D. 
 Baldwin, Luman Watson, William Jones, R. D. 
 Richardson, Hugh Lloyd." 
 
 Before the momentous meeting of May i8, 
 1 8 17 adjourned, or, in the language of the min- 
 utes, "dissolved," the twenty-two representative 
 citizens who had signed the "Instrument of Pa- 
 rochial Association," proceeded to elect as Secre- 
 tary of the parish, William M. Worthington; 
 Ethan Stone and Elijah Bemiss, as Wardens; 
 William H. Harrison, William Ruffin, Richard 
 Fosdick, James Taylor, and Griffin Yeatman, as 
 Vestrymen, these officers to serve until Easter 
 Monday, A. D. 18 18. Ethan Stone was 
 unanimously chosen delegate to represent Christ 
 Church in a convention of the Protestant Episco- 
 pal Church In the State of Ohio, to be holden at 
 Columbus on the first Monday In June, 181 8. 
 The zealous work of organization completed, and 
 plans discussed for future practical realization 
 of their cherished projects, the founders of what 
 was to become a potent factor in the religious, 
 social, and civic development of the Queen City 
 of the West, dispersed to their several homes, 
 
 13 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 thrilled and strengthened by a consciousness of 
 exalted purposes sure to be accomplished by the 
 co-operation of sincere men and women pledged 
 to the service of God and man. Historical in- 
 quiry into the character and lives of the persons 
 who labored to establish the parish confirms the 
 conviction that they were good. and faithful serv- 
 ants who amply deserve the plaudit, Well Done I 
 They were men of affairs, conservative American 
 citizens, who, feeling that the individual naturally 
 owes a duty to the community in which he dwells, 
 and to the city and the country which sustain his 
 private career, took pride and pleasure in par- 
 ticipating in the moral responsibilities of public 
 life, carried on by means of institutions. 
 
 Inevitably the Vestry, as soon as the parish 
 was organized, realized the necessity of providing 
 a suitable place of worship. At first the congrega- 
 tion met together in a large room of a cotton fac- 
 tory on Lodge Alley. Afterwards the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, a frame building which stood on the 
 corner of Fourth and Main Streets, was used as 
 a place of assembly, and after Easter, in March, 
 1818, a Baptist Meeting House on West Sixth 
 Street was occupied at first on lease, though the 
 property was purchased in 1821, the year in which 
 the Church was incorporated. The Wardens, 
 Ethan Stone and Elijah Bemiss, reported to 
 the Vestry, April 28, 1818, that they had extended 
 to the Rev. Samuel Johnston, of Buffalo, N. Y., 
 a call to supply the clerical office for one year. 
 This call was accepted, but prior to the installa- 
 tion of the first rector, March 23, Rev. Mr. 
 Cooper conducted the services. It was stipulated, 
 at the beginning, that Mr. Johnston was to be 
 
 14 
 
Christ Church, 1818-1835 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 allowed a salary of seven hundred dollars, a sum 
 which within a few years fell to five hundred 
 dollars and even less. Truly a day of small be- 
 ginnings financially, and of stringent economy I 
 The amount received for the sale of fifty-four 
 pews in the Sixth Street church in 1820 was but 
 eight hundred and ninety-one dollars. 
 
 The Rev. Samuel Johnston, first rector of 
 Christ Church, who ministered its clerical affairs 
 from March, 18 18, until August, 1827, was born 
 in Middletown, Connecticut, August, 1787. He 
 was a son of Captain Samuel Johnston, who was 
 drowned at sea. We learn from an authentic 
 source that the son "was placed in a counting 
 house in the city of New York, but having predi- 
 lections for the Christian ministry, he retired from 
 mercantile pursuits, and entered Union College, 
 Schenectady, New York, where he subsequently 
 graduated." He later attended the General 
 Theological Seminary, New York City. After his 
 ordination he did missionary work for the Episco- 
 pal Church in western New York. He organized 
 the Parish of St. Paul's in Buffalo in 18 17. At 
 the time when he entered upon his duties as rector 
 of Christ Church, he was in his thirty-first year. 
 
 Mr. Johnston was a delegate to the convention 
 of Episcopal clergymen which met at Columbus, 
 Ohio, in June, 1818, about eight months before 
 the State became a diocese, and the Rev. Phi- 
 lander Chase was elected its first Bishop. To this 
 Convention, Mr. Johnston reported: "The 
 Church at Cincinnati, which was organized un- 
 der the zealous labors of Rev. Mr. Chase, is flour- 
 ishing. Many of the congregation are regularly 
 brought up in the Church, familiar with her doc- 
 
 15 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 trines and alive to her interests. Many families, 
 for want of our services, have heretofore con- 
 nected themselves with other denominations. But 
 we may safely say, that there are about fifty 
 Episcopal families who regularly attend divine 
 worship. They are remarkably attentive to the 
 service, and the responses are made with anima- 
 tion and propriety. Several of the congregation 
 appear to be impressed with the great duty of 
 making their calling and election sure. The hope 
 is indulged that the seed sown may be watered 
 with the showers of divine grace, nourished with 
 all goodness and produce fruit unto holiness." 
 
 That the spirit of devotion which the rector 
 discerned in his people was practical and sincere 
 was evidenced by the prompt and energetic man- 
 ner in which they set about creating those agen- 
 cies that must co-operate with the clergy in every 
 well-organized Church. "Some members of the 
 organization," wrote the pastor, "deserve com- 
 mendation for their zeal in cultivating sacred 
 music. A good choir is formed, and the style of 
 their performance is very creditable to themselves 
 and the congregation. The music will be still 
 further improved when an organ, which is now ex- 
 pected, shall have arrived." The Sunday School 
 was established in 1818, and that most service- 
 able association, "The Ladies' Benevolent So- 
 ciety," began its vigilant ministrations as early as 
 the year 18 19. This was the forerunner of the 
 "Helping Hand" Society, and of other indis- 
 pensable organizations now forming integral parts 
 of the "Woman's Auxiliary." 
 
 Instinctively the members of the newly-formed 
 parish felt it to be a sacred and imperative duty 
 
 16 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 to make provision for the sepulture of their dead. 
 Among the first acts of the Vestry was one author- 
 izing Arthur St. Clair, Jr., son of General St. 
 Clair, to procure a certain piece of ground for a 
 place of burial for the deceased of the Church, — 
 a lot situated on the east side of Elm Street, north 
 of the present Twelfth Street. This lot, meas- 
 uring 66 feet by lOO, was purchased, costing 
 $3,000, and the care which it entailed upon the 
 Church was great, as the records amply testify. 
 The office of Superintendent of the Burial Ground 
 was an important position. It is interesting 
 to find the minutes of a Vestry meeting held 
 more than ninety 3'ears ago, telling that Dr. Dan- 
 iel Drake and others volunteered to raise funds 
 by private subscription, for the purpose of setting 
 out trees around and in the Presbyterian and the 
 Episcopal burial grounds, and for the enclosures 
 of the same with a suitable wall, or otherwise, and 
 erecting stiles over the same. Responding 
 warmly to the generous proposal of Dr. Drake 
 and others, the Vestry resolved, "That this Board 
 do consent and highly approve of the same, and 
 so far as the burial ground of this Church is inter- 
 ested therein, do hereby appoint Rev. Samuel 
 Johnston, Richard Fosdick, and John P. Foote 
 a committee to receive funds therefor and super- 
 intend and carry into effect the improvements 
 aforesaid." 
 
 As was to be expected, the people of Christ 
 Church and their first rector sympathized with 
 Bishop Chase and his strenuous efforts to establish 
 an Episcopalian Seminary in Ohio ; and when that 
 heroic leader's bold action in going to England 
 to solicit contributions to assist in the great enter- 
 
 17 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 prise he had so much at heart, drew severe criti- 
 cism from Bishop White and others in high au- 
 thority, Involving Bishop Chase in many contro- 
 versies, the zealous people who so recently had 
 been organized into a parish were quick to defend 
 the man in whom they had perfect confidence, 
 and therefore, in November, 1823, they reported 
 "A Declaration and a Protest," of which five hun- 
 dred copies were printed to be sent to the bishops 
 and clergymen of the Episcopal Church all over 
 the United States. 
 
 In December, 1824, the Episcopal Church and 
 the community suffered a lamented loss by the re- 
 moval from Cincinnati to New England of Edward 
 Hallam, whose departure called forth from the 
 Vestry this tribute of high regard: "Resolved, that 
 the thanks of the board be presented to Mr. Ed- 
 ward Hallam, late one of the Wardens of Christ 
 Church, for his long, steady, and faithful service 
 and attention to the interests and welfare of the 
 Church: that the board reciprocate to him the 
 most unfeigned sentiments of esteem and friend- 
 ship with earnest prayer for his prosperity and 
 happiness." 
 
 The relations between those who administered 
 the business affairs of Christ Church and Its rec- 
 tor, at first so cordial and harmonious, were, for 
 various reasons, destined to be disturbed by notes 
 of discord. One just cause of impatience on the 
 part of the minister was the unstable tenure of 
 his position, which notwithstanding its sacred 
 character was rendered undignified by the fact 
 that according to the rule of the Vestry, a re- 
 election of the rector was required annually. As 
 Dr. Stanger remarks in a sketch of the early his- 
 
 18 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 tory of Christ Church, this condition insisting 
 upon the minister "having a new call and a new 
 scale of salary made every Easter Monday," was 
 reasonably resisted. 
 
 Though the scale of salary was set exceedingly 
 low, the Church soon fell in arrears of pay to 
 their pastor. In those days it was difficult, in the 
 West, to command ready cash even for the dis- 
 charge of the most urgent debt of honor. Mr. 
 Johnston found himself obliged, repeatedly, by 
 word of mouth and in writing, to call attention to 
 his pecuniary embarrassments. At a meeting held 
 July 25, 1822, a letter was laid before the board 
 by Mr. JoUey, from the rector, requesting that the 
 Vestry should make some arrangements for a 
 speedy liquidation of a part of his salary; and a 
 suggestion made by Mr. JoUey that in consequence 
 of the letter the Wardens had deemed it expedient 
 to convene the Vestry to "take some order 
 thereon." On November 5, 1823, a Committee 
 appointed to ascertain the state of accounts be- 
 tween Rev. Samuel Johnston and the Church, 
 made a report, "that there was due to him on a 
 balance of account existing previous to incorpora- 
 tion of the Church, including interest, the sum of 
 $1,206.57, and the further sum of $150.74 on 
 account of his salary to October i, 1823." Owing 
 to a communication from Mr. Johnston, concern- 
 ing his financial affairs, it was voted by the Vestry 
 on Sept. 4, 1824, "That General William Henry 
 Harrison and William J. Jones be a committee 
 to procure subscriptions for the purpose of paying 
 the rent of Mr. Johnston's dwelling house." 
 
 The mutual irritations produced by difficulty 
 and delay in adjusting money matters, though 
 
 19 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 painful, were not so serious as the irreconcilable 
 differences which divided the pastor from the 
 Vestry on vital questions of conviction and Church 
 policy. A written communication from Mr. 
 Johnston on the desirability of enlarging the 
 church edifice met with no favor from the gentle- 
 men to whom it was addressed, but they disposed 
 of the rector's appeal by voting it inexpedient to 
 act upon his advice. A suggestion made more 
 than once by Mr. Johnston, that he should be 
 regularly inducted as rector of the parish and 
 that the church should be consecrated, was dis- 
 regarded on the assumption that the ceremonies 
 proposed were inexpedient at that time. When, 
 on July I, 1826, the Vestry being apprized that 
 their pastor desired to ascertain the opinion of the 
 board on the expediency of taking up a collection 
 in the church for the benefit of the American 
 Colonization Society, that opinion was given in the 
 following words : "Resolved, as the opinion of 
 this board, that the present condition of the finan- 
 cial concerns of the Church, and the many and 
 heavy calls upon the members of the congrega- 
 tion to objects indispensable to the prosperity of 
 the Church, would not at this time justify a col- 
 lection for the purpose proposed." 
 
 During the nine years and some months in 
 which Mr. Johnston ofHciated with ability and 
 zeal, as rector of Christ Church, the relation ex- 
 isting between him and some of the most influen- 
 tial members of the Vestry, became more and 
 more strained, until in July, 1827, for what par- 
 ticular provocation the records do not reveal, the 
 Vestry, at a special meeting "Resolved, as the 
 opinion of the board, that the temporal and spirit- 
 
 20 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 ual condition of Christ Church, Cincinnati, might 
 be improved by the employment of another min- 
 ister in the place of Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 "Resolved, that it is expedient to suggest the 
 fact in the foregoing resolution to the Rev. Sam- 
 uel Johnston, to the end that, if he think proper, 
 the same may be submitted to the consideration 
 of the congregation." 
 
 The rector immediately made the following 
 explicit reply: 
 
 Cincinnati, Aug. i, 1827. 
 "Gentlemen: 
 
 "A copy of the resolutions submitted at a spe- 
 cial meeting of the Wardens and Vestry of Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, has been received and the 
 contents noted. 
 
 "Having the interests of my Redeemer's King- 
 dom at heart and also the spiritual welfare and 
 increase of the congregation for whom I have 
 long labored with unwearied assiduity, and pre- 
 suming from the tenor of the Resolutions that 
 my labors are not satisfactory to the people of 
 my charge ; I have determined with the advice of 
 my friends to tender to you my resignation: you 
 will therefore no longer consider me as the min- 
 ister of Christ Church, Cincinnati. With senti- 
 ments of affectionate regard for the Congrega- 
 tion for whom I have officiated, and with prayers 
 for their future growth in grace, 
 I am, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 Samuel Johnston." 
 
 Fairly investigated, in the light shed by the 
 testimony of the manuscript records of Christ 
 
 21 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Church and of other available documents bearing 
 upon the subject, the causes of the rupture just 
 described are sufficiently explained by the fact 
 that the nature of man is human, and that men 
 differ in disposition and opinion. In response 
 to the rector's letter, the Vestry, on August 8, 
 1827, unanimously resolved: 
 
 "That this Parish appreciate in the most sensible 
 manner, the unwearied assiduity with which the 
 Rev'd Mr. Johnston has ever discharged his du- 
 ties in the promotion of the spiritual and tem- 
 poral concern of this Church, and that in taking 
 his final leave of the solemn and interesting re- 
 lation which for many years he has sustained to 
 this Church and Congregation, he will carry with 
 him their sincerest esteem for his virtues; their 
 warmest acknowledgment for the zeal with 
 which he has so uniformly administered the du- 
 ties of his station, and their most devout wishes 
 for his present and future usefulness and well- 
 being." 
 
 Nme days after this complimentary resolution 
 was adopted, there appeared in the newspapers 
 the announcement that: "Hereafter the Rev. 
 Samuel Johnston will perform Divine Service in 
 College Chapel, commencing next Sunday, at the 
 usual hour." The Vestry and Wardens at the 
 next meeting, resolved "That to prevent any mis- 
 understanding of the facts and circumstances con- 
 nected with the separation of the Rev. Samuel 
 Johnston from Christ Church, it is expedient to 
 publish, in pamphlet form, the proceedings of this 
 board and Christ Church Parish, on the subject, 
 together with the correspondence in relation 
 thereto, between the Rev. Samuel Johnston and 
 
 22 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Charles Hammond, Esq." Charles Hammond, 
 Secretary for Christ Church during this period of 
 stress, a very able, industrious, and learned man, 
 was editor-in-chief of the Cincinnati Gazette. An 
 intimate friend and adviser of Clay, he was pro- 
 nounced by Webster, "the greatest genius that 
 ever wielded the political pen." The pamphlet 
 suggested by the Vestry was not issued. The 
 excitement occasioned by earnest discussion both 
 within the Church and without, continued for 
 months. As late as November 3, 1827, a petition 
 was presented to the board, signed by a number 
 of pew-owners and renters, and others, requesting 
 the Wardens and Vestry to recall the Rev. Sam- 
 uel Johnston, but the request was not complied 
 with. Meanwhile the popular ex-pastor of the 
 mother Church continued his Sabbath services at 
 College Chapel, and a Methodist Episcopal 
 clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Bishop, officiated for a 
 time, performing very acceptably a suitable Sun- 
 day service for the congregation which assembled 
 in Christ Church. Not until many months after 
 Mr. Johnston tendered his resignation was the 
 vacancy filled by a successor, the Rev. Benjamin 
 P. Aydelott who resigned his charge as Rector of 
 Grace Church, Philadelphia, to become head of 
 Christ Church, Cincinnati, at a salary of eight 
 hundred dollars per annum. Dr. Aydelott began 
 his ministration early in May, 1828. Through 
 much of the troublous period preceding the se- 
 cession of Mr. Johnston and his adherents, and 
 in the first years of Dr. Aydelott's rectorate, Mr. 
 John Jolley was Senior Warden. He was fol- 
 lowed in that office by Henry Gassaway, who 
 was Senior Warden for the year 1830. 
 
 23 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Rev. Samuel Johnston's energetic labors re- 
 sulted in the establishment of a new Episcopal 
 Parish, the St. Paul's, organized in 1828. Fifty- 
 five communicants followed their former pastor 
 into his new church, while only thirty-two wel- 
 comed Mr. Aydelott when he first entered upon 
 his pastoral duties in Cincinnati. St. Paul's 
 Church continued to thrive under the assiduous 
 care of Mr. Johnston, who remained its rector un- 
 til the date of his death. May 22, 1833. His 
 people erected a stone building on Fourth Street, 
 south side, between Walnut and Vine, which in 
 the year 1882 was sold for $87,000, and was 
 torn down, giving place to a business block, a 
 union having been made of the St. Paul's Parish 
 with St. John's Parish, the two merging into one 
 under the name of St. Paul's, and occupying the 
 church on the corner of Seventh Street and Plum. 
 In the chancel of this distinguished edifice, now the 
 Cathedral of the Diocese, with which so many 
 names of great and good men are associated, the 
 visitor interested in the history of the Episcopal 
 Church may see a memorial tablet appropriately 
 dedicated to the Rev. Samuel Johnston, first rector 
 of St. Paul's Parish, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is pleas- 
 ant to recall, in this connection, that Mrs. Mar- 
 garetta Elizabeth Johnston, wife of the clergy- 
 man, daughter of a Presbyterian minister of Nor- 
 folk, Virginia, was much loved and respected by 
 the parishioners of Christ Church, and in her 
 widowhood many substantial courtesies were ex- 
 tended to her by the Vestry. She lived to the 
 ripe age of eighty-four, dying in October, 1873. 
 Writing more than fifty years after the occur- 
 rence of the events which created a "serious 
 
 24 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 schism," in the congregation of Christ Church, 
 Rev. Dr. Stanger, who became rector in 1876, 
 says : "But though the old Church had been weak- 
 ened numerically, she seems to have put on new 
 strength. The new pastor began laboring in 
 season and out of season. Besides the regularly 
 appointed services of the Church, weekly prayer 
 meetings were held from house to house. Pre- 
 vious to the reception of the Lord's Supper the 
 communicants were gathered together to a service 
 especially preparatory to the holy ordinance. 
 Thus, by frequent services for prayer, and by as- 
 siduous pastoral work, new and deeper life sprang 
 up in the old field. Vestry meetings decreased in 
 number and increased in interest. Larger annual 
 expenses seemed to be met with less effort." On 
 February 7, 1829, a committee appointed to ob- 
 tain subscriptions for means to enlarge the Church 
 edifice, reported that they had secured collections 
 to the amount of $1,445. A week later, the Ex- 
 ecutive officers voted that a committee consisting 
 of Mr. Foote and Mr. Gassaway be authorized 
 to make purchase of a lot for a site for a church 
 edifice if they succeed in obtaining the funds for 
 that purpose. Desired alterations were made in 
 the Sixth Street house of worship, after the com- 
 pletion of which the thanks of the board were for- 
 mally presented to the Trustees of the "Reformed 
 Associated Methodist Society," for the use of 
 their church building during the time Christ 
 Church was undergoing repairs. Following the 
 new line of progress Dr. Aydelott, July 3, 1830, 
 announced that he would preach a discourse on 
 the subject of the "American Colonization So- 
 ciety," and that a collection would be taken to 
 
 25 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 aid the same, a course of proceeding which, four 
 years before, had been condemned as inexpedient. 
 
 Bishop Chase, in his annual "Address to the 
 Episcopal Convention," on September 8, 1830, 
 makes interesting mention of a visit he had re- 
 cently paid to Cincinnati, where, thirteen years be- 
 fore, he had organized the first Episcopal Parish 
 in the "Great West." He says: "From Ports- 
 mouth I passed in a steamboat to Cincinnati. 
 Here I officiated frequently, and confirmed in the 
 Parish of Christ Church ten persons, and in St. 
 Paul's thirty-five. The Vestry of the former 
 Church had, much to their praise, enlarged their 
 Church ; but I am sorry to state they did not see 
 fit to request its consecration. A solemn service, 
 so evidently tending to pious efforts, ought not to 
 be laid aside but for reasons of necessity. " 
 
 Many evidences of prosperity signalized the 
 progress, financial and spiritual, of Christ Church 
 in the red-letter year, 1833. Dr. Aydelott was 
 voted a considerable increase of salary. The 
 Vestry ascertained that a lot situated on the north 
 side of Fourth Street, between Sycamore and 
 Broadway, one hundred feet in front and one hun- 
 dred and thirty-three in depth, could be obtained as 
 a building site for a new edifice at the price of 
 ninety dollars per front foot. Stimulated and en- 
 couraged, the Vestry declared June 30, that 
 through their committee they had not been able to 
 learn what amount of money could be procured by 
 private subscription but that they believed no seri- 
 ous difficulty existed to the erection of a new 
 Church. "At this moment," to use their exact 
 words, "every consideration of duty and regard 
 for the venerable system of worship in which as 
 
 26 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Episcopalians and Christians we profess to unite, 
 seems to urge upon the members of our congrega- 
 tion to be up and doing — and with suitable effort 
 the good work will doubtless be accomplished." 
 
 Opportunely a proposition was received from 
 the German Lutheran Society offering to purchase 
 of the corporation of Christ Church, the Church 
 edifice on Sixth Street for the sum of seven thou- 
 sand dollars. This offer was accepted and the 
 property was disposed of on the terms stated. 
 Subscriptions to the fund for building a new 
 church were sufficient to warrant the undertaking 
 of the great enterprise, and the eligible lot on 
 Fourth Street was duly purchased from Messrs. 
 Vanhorn and Whitcomb, according to the condi- 
 tion of their proposition, for $9,000. A com- 
 mittee consisting of Messrs. Phelps, Cope, Car- 
 neal, Wm. R. Foster, and John P. Foote, were 
 chosen to have in charge the erection of a suitable 
 new building and were instructed to proceed im- 
 mediately to obtain plans and estimates which 
 they should submit to the consideration of the 
 board at as early a period as was practicable. 
 On August 24, 1833, the Building Committee 
 reported that according to such estimates as they 
 were able to obtain, the cost of the new church 
 would be about $20,000. They submitted an 
 architectural design modeled on the plan of the 
 English Church at Stepney, London. Stepney, 
 the locality, was one of the so-called Tower Ham- 
 lets of historic note, and the old church was sit- 
 uated about two miles east of St. Paul's Cathe- 
 dral. 
 
 During the period required for the erection of 
 the new building the congregation held their serv- 
 
 27 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 ices in Mechanics' Institute Hall which was en- 
 gaged at one dollar and fifty cents per Sunday. 
 
 On the first of February, 1834, an agent of the 
 Vestry negotiated with Messrs. Corrie & Habig 
 of Philadelphia to construct a new organ to cor- 
 respond with the general style of the new church 
 edifice and to cost $1,675. 
 
 As the time drew near when the anticipated 
 completion of the new building must be con- 
 sidered, the rector addressed a formal letter to 
 the "Gentlemen of the Vestry, suggesting the de- 
 sirability of providing an assistant to aid him in 
 his increasing labors and cares of the Parish," 
 and urging that "We ought to go into the new 
 Church full of the spirit of Christian enterprise, 
 and prepared not only for more vigorous but more 
 extended exertions." The Vestry responding de- 
 clares that, whereas the state of Dr. Aydelott's 
 health is such that he can not with safety to him- 
 self fully perform the service of the Church in 
 the morning and afternoon of Sunday without 
 assistance, that if a desirable individual could be 
 found he should forthwith come to Cincinnati with 
 the express understanding that if Dr. Aydelott, 
 the congregation and himself, were mutually sat- 
 isfied, he should at once receive the appointment 
 of assistant minister, and that he should be al- 
 lowed a salary of $1,000. 
 
 Efforts to obtain a satisfactoy assistant having 
 failed. Dr. Aydelott recommended the appoint- 
 ment of an associate rector and nominated Rev- 
 erend John T. Brooke of Georgetown, D. C, for 
 the position. However, after considering the pro- 
 posal, Mr. Brooke declined the appointment of 
 Associate Rector, whereupon Dr. Aydelott, in 
 
 28 
 
FOUNDING OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 a letter dated March 7, 1835, tendered his resig- 
 nation, which was accepted and a call was ex- 
 tended to Mr. Brooke. 
 
 The Wardens and Vestry of Christ Church, 
 in taking official leave of Dr. Aydelott who had 
 faithfully served the parish for seven years, from 
 March 14, 1828, to March 7, 1835, expressed 
 their esteem of him in the resolution: "That this 
 Board tender to their late pastor their deep con- 
 viction, that under God his labors in the cause of 
 the Gospel have been greatly blessed; and their 
 sincere prayer that his health may be restored 
 and that wherever duty may call him his efforts 
 in the great work of the ministry may be crowned 
 with success." 
 
 The new church was opened for Divine service, 
 March 22, 1835. 
 
 29 
 
II 
 The Rectorate of Rev. J. T. Brooke 
 
 REV. JOHN THOMPSON BROOKE was 
 born February 4, 1800, at Frederick, Mary- 
 land. From an excellent sketch of his life, 
 contributed to a Cyclopedia of Biography, we 
 learn that "He was educated in a good classical 
 school in Frederick, and having studied law in the 
 office of Hon. Roger B. Taney, late chief justice 
 of the United States Supreme Court, he was ad- 
 mitted to the Bar and practiced law for two or 
 three years, when he determined to abandon that 
 profession and prepare himself for the ministry 
 instead. For the purpose he entered the theolog- 
 ical seminary at Alexandria, Virginia, and was or- 
 dained an Episcopal minister, by Bishop Moore, 
 in 1826. After a ministry of three years at Mar- 
 tinsburg, Virginia, he accepted a call to George- 
 town, District of Columbia, where he preached 
 for six years — leaving that place in 1835, to take 
 charge of Christ Church, at Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Here he preached with much success for twelve 
 years, building up the wealthiest Episcopal Parish 
 in the West — at the same time always taking a 
 prominent part in the councils of the Church, and 
 especially in the general conventions, where he 
 was recognized as a strong Western champion of 
 conservative churchmanship." 
 
 When Mr. Brooke entered upon his responsi- 
 ble duties as rector of Christ Church he was in 
 
 30 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 the prime of life, having completed his thirty- 
 fifth year, and he came to Cincinnati, disciplined 
 by the experience of nine years of parochial work. 
 According to the terms of his engagement he was 
 to receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars per 
 annum, and begin his services formally on Easter 
 Monday, April 20. This was a month later than 
 the ceremonies which signalized the opening of the 
 new church and in which Dr. Aydelott probably 
 took the leading part. It was a good omen that 
 before the elegant and expensive edifice on Fourth 
 Street was occupied for the manifold uses to which 
 it was dedicated, the Vestry officially resolved 
 that a meeting of the parish be called for the 
 purpose of making arrangements to extinguish 
 the debt of the church and that the Secretary be 
 requested to give notice of the same in the pub- 
 lic papers. 
 
 From the start of his long and active career 
 as rector, Mr. Brooke freely took the initiative, 
 with admirable tact and amiability, as an adviser 
 and guide, in all vital doings concerning the afFairs 
 of the parish. In the spring of 1836, after con- 
 sultation with the rector, a committee representing 
 the Vestry proffered to the Society of St. Paul's 
 Parish, which as yet had not completed the church 
 edifice they were building, the use of Christ 
 Church on Sunday afternoons. They also ten- 
 dered the use of the "Lecture Room" for a place 
 of worship temporarily. The graceful amenity 
 was appreciated and the offer of the use of the 
 church for Sunday afternoons was cheerfully ac- 
 ceded to, "though that of the room on Friday 
 evenings was declined for the reason that the St. 
 Paul's congregation preferred assembling with the 
 
 31 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 members of Christ Church, who on Wednesday 
 evenings held their regular meetings for prayer 
 and exhortation." 
 
 Christ Church was consecrated October 30, 
 1835, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Mcllvaine. On 
 June 4, 1 836, on motion of the rector, it was voted 
 by the Wardens and Vestrymen in council, that 
 the Rev. Thomas Horrel be made assistant min- 
 ister for one year, providing that the salary shall 
 not exceed three hundred dollars a year. Mr. 
 Horrel accepted the position and served the 
 church for three months, then resigned, leaving 
 the city. The next year, "in deference to a letter 
 from the rector," the Rev. A. T. Bledsoe was 
 elected to the same station at a salary of $600, 
 but he also, after a few months, retired, January 
 27, 1838. At the same period the sum of $500 
 was added to the salary of the rector, which now 
 amounted to $2,000. 
 
 The movement so promptly inaugurated to 
 extinguish the church debt led to a thorough in- 
 vestigation and auditing which produced a some- 
 what discouraging effect upon the benefactors of 
 the parish. A committee selected to determine the 
 best and most equitable plan of providing for the 
 discharge of the claims pressing for payment, re- 
 ported that the entire cost of the building lot and 
 the church edifice had been estimated at $37,270, 
 and the price of the pews was fixed to produce in 
 the aggregate that amount. Since that appraise- 
 ment, the mechanics and others employed in the 
 building had rendered their bills, and instead of 
 $37,270 being the entire cost agreeable to their 
 estimates, the committee found, to their "surprise 
 and mortification, that it exceeded $50,000." The 
 
 32 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 mode they proposed for the payment of this large 
 sum was by voluntary contributions pro rata, upon 
 the value of the pews, as assessed, by all the pew- 
 owners. In order, therefore, to meet the obliga- 
 tion which a complete investigation of the finan- 
 cial facts imposed upon those who were re- 
 sponsible, it was necessary to assess twenty-five 
 per cent upon the value of the pews. 
 
 Bishop Mcllvaine, who, in 1832, had been 
 promoted to the Episcopacy of Ohio, succeeding 
 Bishop Chase, and who resided at Gambier as 
 head of Kenyon College, was solicited urgently 
 by Dr. Aydelott and others connected with Christ 
 Church, in the year 1834, to make his official 
 home in Cincinnati. The desirability of urging 
 these appeals to the Bishop was even more 
 strongly felt in 1836. Dr. Brooke during a late 
 visit to the Convention at Cleveland had some 
 conversation with the Bishop upon the subject of 
 his removal to Cincinnati, and as the Bishop's 
 connection with the college at Gambier was about 
 being dissolved, the time seemed opportune for 
 a united effort to induce him to make the Queen 
 City of the West his headquarters. At the in- 
 stance of Mr. Brooke, a consultation held at 
 Christ Church resulted in the unanimous agree- 
 ment that if anything was done toward influencing 
 Bishop Mcllvaine's action it should be done "in 
 perfect harmony with the Church of this city," to 
 which end a committee of three was appointed to 
 confer with a committee of St. Paul's Church, 
 represented by its minister, Mr. Haight, and 
 others. As Bishop Mcllvaine was finally pre- 
 vailed upon to remove to Cincinnati, we may 
 fairly infer that he felt the force of the per- 
 
 33 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 suasions of his many devoted friends in the congre- 
 gation ministered to by Rev. Mr. Brooke and 
 Rev. Mr. Haight. 
 
 Naturally accepting the leadership which, by 
 virtue of its historical precedence and its promi- 
 nence, was assigned to it by younger parishes in 
 the State of Ohio, Christ Church, especially dur- 
 ing the first decades of the planting and growth 
 of Protestant Episcopal institutions in the West, 
 exercised a potent influence in those councils which 
 determined the organic relations and adjustments 
 of the several churches to the diocese. It was re- 
 solved by the Vestry of Christ Church, in August, 
 1839, that the delegates elected to represent them 
 in the next Convention be instructed to vote that 
 the salary of the Bishop be fixed at two thousand 
 dollars per annum, and that such sum be assessed 
 upon their own church for their portion, as these 
 delegates deem just and proper. The next an- 
 nual Convention was to be held at Steubenville, 
 Ohio, and the Cincinnati members chosen to at- 
 tend it were D. K. Este and Bellamy Storer, de- 
 voted and efficient men, both of whom, for many 
 years, rendered the most valuable service to the 
 Church of their choice. They were partners In 
 law from 1817 to 1821, and each gained great 
 distinction before the Bar and subsequently rose 
 to the dignity of a seat upon the Bench of a su- 
 perior Court. Judge Este was elected Senior 
 Warden of Christ Church in 1 832, and he labored 
 In that capacity for nineteen years. Hon. Bellamy 
 Storer discharged with indefatigable care, suc- 
 cessively, the duties of Secretary, Vestryman, 
 Junior Warden, and Senior Warden. Under the 
 wise and judicious guidance of officers like these, 
 
 34 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 and inspired by the eloquent preaching and the 
 Christian example of Mr. Brooke, the Church 
 prospered spiritually as well as in its material 
 interests. 
 
 When the announcement reached Cincinnati, 
 his old home, that William Henry Harrison, Pres- 
 ident of the United States, had died, in Washing- 
 ton, April 4, 1 841, the deplorable tidings were 
 received by his former fellow vestrymen and 
 numerous other friends in Christ Church, with 
 profound grief. At the board meeting of April 
 12, the universal and sincere feeling of the congre- 
 gation and of the community was expressed in the 
 words of the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 "Whereas, it has pleased Almighty God in His 
 wise providence to take out of the world our hon- 
 ored Chief Magistrate, William Henry Harrison, 
 who was during his residence in our vicinity an 
 attendant upon the worship of this Church and 
 within the parochial cure of the same : 
 
 "And Whereas, the deceased did on occasion 
 of the delivery of his Inaugural Address, solemnly 
 and distinctly own his profound reverence for 
 the Christian religion : 
 
 "And Whereas, while others are celebrating 
 his civic virtues and military achievements, we 
 deem it becoming in Christian societies and eccle- 
 siastical corporations, to honor the memory of a 
 high public functionary, who has honored the 
 Gospel by regular attendance on its instituted 
 worship and by publicly and solemnly avowing 
 his profound reverence for it, as a revelation 
 from God: it is therefore 
 
 "Resolved, That, as a testimony of our respect, 
 the pulpit and chancel of this church, and the pew 
 
 35 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 heretofore occupied by the deceased, be hung with 
 mourning until the Sunday preceding the fourth 
 day of July next : 
 
 "Resolved, That we tender our sympathies to 
 the bereaved widow and family of our late Chief 
 Magistrate and pray that they may be sustained 
 by the consolations of the Gospel." 
 
 Progress in the march of scientific improve- 
 ment, near the middle of the nineteenth century, 
 was marked by the interesting fact that in No- 
 vember, 1843, the pastor of Christ Church was 
 requested to bring the subject of lighting the 
 church with gas before the congregation, with 
 such explanatory remarks as he might deem ap- 
 propriate in regard to the proposed innovation. 
 In the following month, the committee on lighting 
 was authorized to employ Mr. John Critchell to 
 light the church, and soon thereafter gas fix- 
 tures were supplied and the committee was further 
 Instructed to contract with the Gas Company to 
 supply gas by the year. The first bills for the 
 new luxury, amounting to $23.72, were presented 
 April I, 1844. 
 
 Near the close of the year 1845, the Vestry re- 
 ported that while lamenting the prudential deten- 
 tion of the rector from his pastoral duties they 
 most heartily concurred in such measures as he 
 and his medical advisers deemed expedient for 
 the restoration of his health. Extracts from a 
 letter addressed by Dr. Brooke to the Wardens 
 and Vestry on March 7, 1846, are here repro- 
 duced in order to explain the cause of his tempo- 
 rary withdrawal from the onerous labors which 
 he had discharged so faithfully for eleven years. 
 These were his frank and affectionate words : 
 
 36 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 "Brethren, 
 
 "The object of this communication is to send 
 in to you my resignation of the Rectorship of this 
 Church to take effect on the i2th day of May 
 next. * * * J have not sufficient vigor of 
 health to sustain the full public labors of the 
 Church and to meet, even as imperfectly as I 
 have heretofore done, the various other calls of 
 the parish. * * * It is my present wish and 
 purpose to occupy, for at least two or three years, 
 some limited and retired sphere. In which I may 
 be so relieved from unceasing and Imperious la- 
 bors, as to give time both to Invigorate my health 
 and repair my mind. With a view to obtain such 
 a situation I have written to clerical friends in 
 the East as well as in the West. And I entertain 
 the hope that a suitable field will be opened to 
 me by the time I have desired my resignation to 
 take effect, which will be the 12th of May next. 
 
 "That day will just close the eleventh year of 
 my ministry among you. And in looking back 
 over that period, I can not but rejoice over the 
 precious though comparatively small spiritual 
 fruits of my labors, and most sincerely thankful 
 do I feel that the congregation has been through- 
 out so united and harmonious, and that the inter- 
 course between us as pastor and people has been 
 so uniformly kind and affectionate. 
 
 "My present decision, I assure you, brethren, 
 has not been reached without repeated and severe 
 struggles of feeling. To relinquish a permanent 
 position and to give up a competent support for 
 one likely to be more limited and uncertain, have 
 been, in this Instance, comparatively small sacri- 
 fices. For in laying aside these advantages, I 
 
 37 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 have felt that I should be laying aside with them, 
 heavy burdens and responsibilities. But the 
 thought of parting with many friends, to whom I 
 have so long ministered in public and in private, — 
 in their joys and sorrows, has indeed cost me much 
 pain. This single and strong tie of affection, I 
 believe has held me back from my present step, 
 for many months." 
 
 This affecting resignation was accepted, to 
 take effect on August 15, 1847. Meanwhile, the 
 Rt. Rev. Bishop Mcllvaine was requested to act 
 as rector of Christ Church, until a permanent ap- 
 pointment could be made of a minister to fill the 
 vacancy. On June 27, 1847, Dr. Brooke, in a 
 communication to the Church, explained, "I expect 
 to assume the charge of Harcourt Parish, Gam- 
 bier, in connection with the Professorship of Pas- 
 toral Divinity in the Theological Seminary of the 
 Diocese. * * * 'pjjg reasons which influence 
 me are various, but I should be wanting In candor 
 and faithfulness if I did not mention as my prin- 
 cipal one the depressed state of the period and my 
 own inability to perform such active and varied 
 clerical labors as would be likely under the Divine 
 power to Improve it. It Is true that the Church 
 Is In a high degree temporally prosperous. It 
 Is equally true that large accessions to the com- 
 municants of a Church are not always sure evi- 
 dence of its spiritual growth, much depending 
 upon the standard. of communion adopted, and 
 I am thankful to be able to say that the standard 
 in the Church has never been lowered to favor 
 the mistaken views of any who are disposed to 
 be satisfied with an unspiritual or merely worldly 
 religion; sincerely do I pray that it never may be." 
 
 38 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 Dr. Brooke having resigned his pastorate to 
 the regret of all concerned, the beloved Bishop 
 of the Diocese, the Rt. Rev. Charles Pettit Mc- 
 Ilvaine was solicited to undertake the duties of 
 rector, and in a formal letter expressed his willing- 
 ness to do so until the vacancy could be filled by a 
 permanent appointment. Much to the gratifica- 
 tion of the Vestry and Wardens, who were re- 
 lieved of pressing anxieties by his compliance with 
 their wishes, the Bishop took charge of the parish 
 beginning August 15, 1847, ^^d continued his 
 ministrations for one year; after which the Rev. 
 Alfred Blake was elected rector pro tem. Un- 
 remitted but unsuccessful endeavors to secure a 
 satisfactory pastor to take the place of the favor- 
 ite shepherd they had lost, occupied the vigilant 
 attention of the Church officers for many months. 
 No fewer than five clergymen of "light and lead- 
 ing," located prominently in as many centers of in- 
 fluence in the United States, were approached. 
 These were Rev. Thomas M. Clark, of Boston; 
 Rev. M. Newton, Philadelphia; Rev. E. Carter 
 Hutchinson, St. Louis ; Rev. C. M. Butler, Wash- 
 ington City, who six years afterward accepted a 
 call to the rectorship of Christ Church, Cincinnati ; 
 and Rev. R. W. Nicholson, New Orleans, the 
 eminent churchman who, in 1851, in Cincinnati, 
 founded the parish of St. John. 
 
 On the fourth of January, 1849, the position 
 of rector was again offered to Dr. Brooke, whose 
 health by that time had somewhat improved. 
 The letter of acceptance which he sent from Gam- 
 bier closed with the words: "For my sense of my 
 insufficiency for the responsibilities of so iniportant 
 a position, I must of course seek my main relief 
 
 39 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 in the strength of Him who says, 'My grace is 
 sufficient for thee,' but I have the additional con- 
 solation of feeling that after mature deliberation 
 my duty to accept the call appears to be plain and 
 that I am not going among strangers, but return- 
 ing to a home among old and true friends." He 
 added that according to the understanding, he ex- 
 pected to assume the renewed duties of rector 
 on Easter Monday, with, his trusted comrade and 
 brother Reverend Alfred Blake as assistant min- 
 ister. Fortunately for the rector and for the con- 
 gregation, Mr. Blake continued for three years 
 to perform the many and important duties of his 
 office with great ability. 
 
 Although Dr. Brooke, with habitual, conscien- 
 tious thoroughness faithfully discharged all his 
 functions as preacher and pastor for a year and 
 a half, his health still remained insecure, and 
 when the summer of 1850 came on, and the 
 church edifice was undergoing some repairs, 
 by a vote of the Vestry the clergymen had the 
 privilege of suspending the usual services. It 
 was also voted that a leave of absence of sixty 
 days be given to the rector. The effect of this 
 relaxation, though beneficial, did not entirely re- 
 store him to his normal vigor, and therefore he at 
 length again decided to give up his charge, which 
 he did ; and though the letter of resignation was at 
 first laid upon the table, it was finally accepted 
 with unfeigned reluctance, as the following beauti- 
 ful tribute adopted unanimously by his devoted 
 associates, the Wardens and Vestrymen, testifies : 
 "Resolved: 
 
 I. That while we recognize the necessity which 
 Is about to produce a separation from one so 
 
 40 
 
RECTORATE OF REV. J. T. BROOKE 
 
 long honored and loved as a friend, a teacher, 
 and a Christian minister, we can not dissolve the 
 connection which has bound him to us, without the 
 deepest sensibility and the most profound sorrow. 
 
 2. That the long and faithful service of Dr. 
 Brooke, his eloquence, ability and conscientious 
 independence in the pulpit, his manly and fear- 
 less opposition to heresy, worldliness, and error, 
 his honorable and exemplary Christian walk, and 
 his many social virtues which through so many 
 years have secured for him the affection and rever- 
 ence of his people, entitling him to their lasting 
 gratitude; and we extend to him accordingly the 
 feeble but unfeigned expression of our thankful- 
 ness for the past and our best wishes for the fu- 
 ture. 
 
 3. That, believing as we do, that the modesty, 
 teaching, and example of Dr. Brooke have been 
 eminently salutary and instructive, that his vigi- 
 lance as a shepherd and watchman over a numer- 
 ous flock have been unceasing, and that his faith- 
 fulness has been blessed to the edification of an 
 attached congregation and as we hope to the con- 
 version of not a few, we can not but deplore the 
 decision which is about to deprive us of his In- 
 valuable services, while we respect the conscien- 
 tious motives which have induced that measure." 
 
 After retiring from his exacting responsibili- 
 ties in Cincinnati, Dr. Brooke resumed the lighter 
 duties of his professorship in Gambier, occasion- 
 ally preaching in the college chapel. In 1853 
 he removed to the East and took charge of the 
 Church of the Ascension In Baltimore, Maryland, 
 his native State. But the following year he re- 
 signed in order to become rector of Christ Church, 
 
 41 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Springfield, Ohio, where he continued to preach 
 six years longer before giving up the active work 
 of the ministry. He had seven children, two of 
 whom became clergymen, Rev. Pendleton Brooke 
 and Rev. Frank Key Brooke. Dr. John Thomp- 
 son Brooke died August 19, 1861, and he was 
 buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, the beautiful 
 necropolis, which on the day of its dedication in 
 1845, he had consecrated in a memorable prayer. 
 
 42 
 
Ill 
 
 Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor 
 
 SUBSEQUENTLY to the resignation of Rev. 
 J. T. Brooke, the rectorship of Christ 
 Church was offered, in quick succession, to 
 the Rev. Richard Newton, of St. Paul's, Philadel- 
 phia; to the Rev N. V. D. Johns, Baltimore, 
 Maryland; and to the Rev. W. R. Nicholson, 
 New Orleans; who each declined to accept the 
 position. At last, on May 5, 1852, the Rev. Dud- 
 ley Atkins Tyng, by a unanimous vote of the 
 Vestry, was chosen rector at a salary of $2,000, 
 raised in less than twelve months to $2,500. He 
 assumed charge September 16, 1852. 
 
 A son of the distinguished Dr. Stephen H.Tyng, 
 Sr., the Rev. Dudley A. Tyng was born in Prince 
 George County, Maryland, January 14, 1825; 
 was educated at the University of Pennsylvania 
 and at Alexandria Seminary; was made a deacon 
 in 1846 by Bishop Mead; had been assistant min- 
 ister in St. George's Church, New York City, of 
 which his father was the former rector; and he 
 was at the head of a parish In Charles Town, 
 Virginia, when called to Cincinnati. He Is men- 
 tioned In the "History of St. George's Church" 
 by Its author, the Rev. Henry Anstlce, D.D., as 
 having been "singularly gifted and eloquent." 
 When he began his labors as minister of Christ 
 Church he was but twenty-seven years of age, and 
 It Is not strange that, being perhaps an aggressive, 
 
 43 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 enthusiastic innovator in some directions, he met 
 with more or less criticism, though he was much 
 admired and respected. A prominent Episcopal 
 clergyman, formerly of Cincinnati, in a sketch of 
 the career of the brilliant young preacher, re- 
 marks that "his desire to increase its usefulness 
 by popularizing Christ Church does not seem to 
 have been appreciated by some in authority." Be 
 that as it may, Mr. Tyng offered his resignation 
 on April 19, 1854, to take effect May 15, feeling 
 a natural eagerness to accept the rectorship of 
 the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, whose 
 people had most cordially solicited him to become 
 their pastor. 
 
 A call was extended, July 7, 1855, to the Rev. 
 Clement M. Butler, of Trinity Church, Washing- 
 ton, District of Columbia, offering to elect him 
 rector of Christ Church at a salary of $3,000. 
 The proposal was accepted on the terms indicated 
 by the Wardens; and the new pastor, a man of 
 promptness, experience, and executive force, en- 
 tered upon the discharge of those duties for which 
 he soon proved himself to be thoroughly pre- 
 pared. He was not only a man of commanding 
 power in the administration of the spiritual func- 
 tions of his sacred office, but also a man of practi- 
 cal familiarity with business transactions. Doc- 
 tor Stanger assures us that "during his incum- 
 bency Christ Church was stronger financially, or 
 more willing to use her talents. Her contribu- 
 tions to missionary and other charitable purposes 
 were never so great. As in the days of Dr. 
 Brooke all the pews seem to have been in demand, 
 and yet the communion roll was not as long as to- 
 day." This comment was written in 1878. 
 
 44 
 
Re\". DuDi.t'i" A. TvxG 
 
 Kectcji- 
 
 1852-1S54 
 
 Rev. Johv Thompson Brooke 
 
 Rectoi' 
 
 1 83 5-1 847 1849-1 85 1 
 
 Rev. Cr.EMENT M. Buti.er 
 
 Rector 
 
 1854-1859 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 Dr. Butler appears to have taken a broad gen- 
 eral interest in the vital affairs of the diocese. He 
 was moved to ask counsel of the Vestry as to the 
 expediency of his visiting the eastern cities in be- 
 half of Kenyon College, and a majority of those 
 present deemed it advisable he should accede to 
 the request of the bishop and the trustees of the 
 college. 
 
 When the harrowing news was sent forth from 
 Philadelphia that as "the result of a distressing 
 accident," Rev. Dudley A. Tyng, then rector of 
 the Church of the Covenant, had been taken away 
 by death, April 19, 1858, a meeting of the War- 
 dens, Vestrymen, and others, over which the pas- 
 tor presided, was called to take appropriate ac- 
 tion. Dr. Butler "paid a glowing and touching 
 tribute" to the deceased and also read a letter 
 from Bishop Mcllvaine. The resolutions so hap- 
 pily expressive of the love and esteem in which 
 their former pastor was held by those most in- 
 timately associated with him, were probably com- 
 posed by the Senior Warden, Hon. Bellamy 
 Storer. They are here reproduced: 
 
 "Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Tyng the 
 Episcopal Church is bereaved of one of her most 
 gifted and faithful ministers, whose teachings were 
 always in harmony with her scriptural standard, 
 and whose past fidelity, earnestness, and piety 
 gave promise of a life of unsurpassed usefulness. 
 
 "Resolved, That the Church at large has lost a 
 friend whose truly Catholic spirit embraced in 
 the bonds of brotherhood all who love our Lord 
 Jesus Christ in sincerity, and who proved him- 
 self the unflinching defender of that liberty where- 
 with Christ hath made his people free. 
 
 45 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 "Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Tyng the 
 community has sustained the loss of a valiant 
 champion of human rights, a zealous advocate of 
 every measure designed to promote the highest 
 interests of humanity, and a warm friend of those 
 enterprises of the day which unite Christians of 
 almost every name in a common effort to extend 
 the Gospel and evangelize the world." 
 
 During the period of somewhat more than four 
 years through which Dr. Butler remained in 
 charge of its interests, material and moral, the 
 Church maintained a steady prosperity and the 
 utmost harmony prevailed. No differences of 
 opinion or policies appear to have disturbed the 
 councils of the Vestry or its relation with the 
 rector. Notwithstanding these auspicious condi- 
 tions, the congregation and its chosen representa- 
 tives who administer Its Important concerns were 
 destined to suffer a disappointment against which 
 they strongly remonstrated, but in vain. For, on 
 December 30, 1858, the rector addressed to the 
 Wardens and Vestry of Christ Church a letter 
 which took them somewhat by surprise, but which, 
 because of the light it throws upon the spirit and 
 prospects of the Church at that time, forms a val- 
 uable part of the organic history of the parish, 
 and gives a pleasing idea of the character and 
 style of Dr. Butler. "Brethren," he writes, "hav- 
 ing recently received and very anxiously consid- 
 ered a call to resume the rectorship of Trinity 
 Church, Washington, I feel constrained to yield 
 to the strong representations and appeal with 
 which it was accompanied. 
 
 "It is with deep emotion that I herewith resign 
 the rectorship of Christ Church, and sever the 
 
 46 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 ties which have so closely and pleasantly united 
 me to the Vestry and congregation. I beg them 
 to accept my heartfelt thanks for the Christian 
 kindness which I have so uniformly experienced 
 at their hands; and to be assured that I shall ever 
 hold them in grateful and affectionate remem- 
 brance. Amidst the pain caused by this separation 
 from a beloved congregation, from my honored 
 bishop, and from my respected brethren of the 
 Vestry in this diocese, it is a source of great 
 gratitude to the Master that he has permitted me 
 to see Christ Church steadily advancing in pros- 
 perity, and that I leave it united in spirit, zealous, 
 liberal, and active in the cause of Christ. It is 
 a Church which has large resources, great oppor- 
 tunities of usefulness, and correspondingly great 
 responsibilities. May the Holy Spirit be poured 
 out upon it abundantly! May the love of Christ 
 constrain all its members to a more entire con- 
 secration ! 
 
 "With a heart full of affection and esteem for 
 you all and with the earnest prayer that you may 
 be blessed with the constant presence of the life 
 and love of our Lord and Master, 
 
 I remain very truthfully and faithfully 
 Your friend and servant 
 In the Lord, 
 
 C. M. Butler." 
 
 To this the Wardens responded as follows: 
 
 "Rev. C. M. Butler, 
 Dear Sir: 
 "On the receipt of your resignation more than a 
 week ago to the Vestry of Christ Church, it was 
 referred to the Wardens to confer with you — 
 
 47 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 under the hope that in the providence of God some 
 inducement might be offered to you to remain 
 with a people to whom your services have been so 
 acceptable and so useful. Disappointed in the 
 hope and finding your determination unalterable, 
 the Vestry have with great reluctance, but with un- 
 affected kindness and sympathy in regard to the 
 sense of duty under which you act, accepted your 
 resignation. 
 
 "In communicating to you this official act which 
 severs the tie of Pastor and People we are in- 
 structed to express to you the painful sense of 
 bereavement with which the event has inspired the 
 Vestry and the Congregation. 
 
 "You have been to us most truly a beloved and 
 honored Pastor. You have preached the Gospel 
 earnestly and faithfully and in a manner as at- 
 tractive as we trust it has been profitable. 
 
 "Under your auspices our Sunday Schools, 
 our Benevolent Society, our various Agencies for 
 good are flourishing and the Kingdom of Christ 
 has been advanced. 
 
 "In behalf of the Parish and people of Christ 
 Church, we bid you an affectionate farewell. Our 
 prayers and good wishes attend you. We pray 
 that you and yours may be happy and useful in 
 your new home and that the blessing of God may 
 attend you always. 
 
 "With sincere regard we are 
 
 Very truly your friends, B. Storer. 
 . Jas. Hall." 
 
 Though in severing his connection with Christ 
 Church Dr. Butler necessarily ceased from inti- 
 mate association with Cincinnati, his career as a 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 prominent clergyman in the National Capital, 
 after he resumed the pastorate of Trinity Church, 
 was noted with fraternal interest by his Western 
 admirers, who took some pride in the fact that 
 he served with distinction as chaplain of the 
 United States Senate. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Butler having resigned the rectorship 
 of Christ Church, January i, 1859, the position 
 was offered to the Rev. Joshua Peterkin, of Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, but he did not accept. Overtures 
 were then made to Rev. Kingston Goddard, of 
 Philadelphia, who, after some correspondence, 
 was unanimously elected rector at the liberal sal- 
 ary of $4,000. His letter of acceptance was read 
 at the Vestry meeting of May 5, 1859, but the 
 records preserved in the church archives do not 
 indicate that he actually entered upon the duties 
 of his charge before December. From the few 
 and meager references made to his services in the 
 minutes of the Vestry meetings one infers that he 
 was not popular and did not get along with some 
 of his associates without friction. Precisely what 
 the points were upon which the rector took issue 
 with others the minutes do not disclose, but as time 
 went on the disaffection increased until at length, 
 after informing the Vestry of his intention, he 
 appealed to the Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell, assistant 
 bishop of the diocese, by a letter in which he de- 
 clared he had come to the conclusion that it was 
 necessary for him to take some steps in order to 
 rescue the congregation over which God had 
 placed him, "from utter ruin — if perchance by his 
 blessing it might be saved." He asserts that the 
 "antagonistic position assumed by some of the 
 leading members of the Vestry towards him as 
 
 49 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 rector precluded a settlement of the difficulties 
 with them," and he had concluded therefore, "here- 
 with to place in your hand my resignation of the 
 rectorship of Christ Church — to be returned to me 
 or handed to the Vestry." Whatever may have 
 been the response to this communication, no report 
 of it appears in the written records of the Ward- 
 ens and Vestry, but it is probable that the rector, 
 concluding that he could not persuade the forces 
 in disagreement with his views to change their 
 attitude, gave up his contention, for, on the 19th 
 of March, 1862, he sent in his resignation, which 
 was promptly accepted by the Vestry, and Dr. 
 Goddard returned to Philadelphia. 
 
 On July 13, 1 86 1, the Wardens and Vestrymen 
 of Christ Church adopted the following preamble 
 and resolutions : 
 
 "It having pleased our Heavenly Father to re- 
 move our friend, Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, 
 for many years a member of this Vestry, as well 
 as of this Church, we desire to record in our min- 
 utes our deep regret for his loss, and our affec- 
 tionate remembrance of his past services to our 
 Parish as well as the Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 
 "While cherishing the ardent attachment for 
 the branch of Christ's Church in which he was 
 educated, he indulged a most Catholic spirit. He 
 loved all who loved his Saviour, whatever their 
 denominational distinctions. The Union Meet- 
 ings for Prayer, in which he took an active part, 
 the religious movements at home and abroad 
 were regarded with deep interest and liberally sus- 
 tained by his bounty. He lived and died a Chris- 
 tian. His last days were truly his best days, for 
 in his resignation to the Divine Will, his humble 
 
 50 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 yet unshaken faith in Christ, he illustrated the 
 renewing power of the Holy Spirit, as 'death was 
 swallowed up in victory.' " 
 
 During the comparatively short period of Dr. 
 Goddard's incumbency the several officers and 
 committees who were responsible for the tem- 
 poral prosperity of the parish were engrossed by 
 cares and anxieties concerning the assessment and 
 collection of pew-rents, means of discharging 
 pressing debts incurred by past building enter- 
 prise, new plans for altering the church edifice, 
 and ever-recurring demands which the manage- 
 ment and disposal of the burial ground on Race 
 Street made upon their attention. 
 
 This burial ground, it will be remembered, was 
 purchased in 1818, soon after the Church society 
 was organized. When Spring Grove Cemetery 
 was dedicated in 1845, naturally the subject of 
 the removal of the dead from the various local 
 and denominational graveyards of the city was 
 considered. In December, 1849, the directors of 
 Spring Grove Cemetery decided that ground suf- 
 ficient to provide for the interment of all the 
 bodies to be exhumed from the Episcopal Burial 
 Ground could be had for $8,000. From that time 
 forward the matter was constantly before the 
 Vestry. In 1859 a committee appointed to in- 
 vestigate reported that they found about 210 or 
 220 well-defined graves within the whole area. 
 The sacred remains slumbering in these tombs 
 were transferred to Spring Grove and other sub- 
 urban cemeteries. Finally, in i860, the burial 
 ground on Race Street was purchased by the city 
 for the sum of $35,000, and it became a part of 
 the present Washington Park. 
 
 51 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 A just proportional amount of the sum received 
 from the city was passed over to the treasury of 
 St. Paul's Church in consideration of the fact that 
 the burial ground "was acquired when the two 
 parishes of Christ Church and St Paul's formed 
 the only Protestant Episcopal parish in the city." 
 
 Christ Church, having been without a pastor 
 since the departure of Dr. Goddard, made sev- 
 eral ineffectual efforts to discover a clergyman of 
 such character and qualifications as would promise 
 his fitness for the rectorship, but though several 
 desirable candidates were approached with a view 
 to their election to the important position, the list 
 including the Rev. Montgomery Schuyler, of St. 
 Louis ; the Rev. Carl E. Grammer, of Columbus, 
 Ohio; the Rev. Mr. Clemens; the Rev. Henry C. 
 Potter, of Troy, New York; the vacancy could not 
 be filled until April 4, 1863, when the Vestry 
 tendered to the Rev. John W. McCarty a call to 
 minister the sacred rites of the Church for one 
 year, dating from Easter, at a salary of $2,000, 
 an amount which within a year was increased to 
 $2,500, and afterwards raised to $3,000. Such 
 were the new minister's varied accomplishments, 
 his eloquence, his pastoral vigilance, his Chris- 
 tian courtesy, and his social tact, that he seemed 
 to have won all hearts, and the four years of his 
 rectorship are counted among the most pleasant 
 and successful brief epochs in the history of the 
 Church. Unhappily his health failed and in May, 
 
 1866, he was tendered leave of absence until the 
 following autumn when he resumed his labors, but 
 again falling seriously ill, he, on the 7th of May, 
 
 1867, addressed to the gentlemen of the Vestry 
 this pathetic letter : 
 
 52 
 
Re\'. John W. McCartv 
 Rector 
 
 1863-1867 
 
 Rev. Kingston Goddard 
 Rector 
 
 1859-1862 
 
 Rev. Wm. A. Skhely 
 
 Rector 
 
 1867-1869 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR' 
 
 "I hereby respectfully tender my immediate 
 and unconditioned resignation as Rector of the 
 Parish of Christ Church, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 "My present feeble condition must excuse the 
 brevity of this communication." 
 
 Reluctantly accepting the resignation, the Ves- 
 try in resolutions of regret declared that in sun- 
 dering relations long existing, they only echoed 
 the sentiment of the parish in saying that the 
 pastor had discharged his duties with great abil- 
 ity and fidelity, and that they cherished a hope 
 that his exalted talents and fervent piety might 
 yet be spared for a greater usefulness to the 
 Church. 
 
 A noteworthy occasion in the history of Christ 
 Church was that on which, in response to a proc- 
 lamation by John Brough, Governor of Ohio, the 
 citizens were called upon to assemble at their re- 
 spective places of worship, on Monday, the first 
 day of June, 1865, appointed as a day of national 
 mourning, on account of the death of Abraham 
 Lincoln. Upon that day a discourse was deliv- 
 ered in Christ Church by the rector, Rev. John 
 W. McCarty, on the subject: "Lessons from the 
 Life and Death of a Good Ruler," preached 
 from the text, "Know ye not that there Is a prince 
 and a great man fallen this day?" 
 
 The discourse, an eloquent and patriotic eulogy, 
 was published In pamphlet form by the request 
 of a voluntary committee of the more influential 
 of the friends and parishioners of the minister, 
 who expressed their cordial sympathy with the 
 spirit as well as their thorough concurrence with 
 the great truths so ably vindicated in the dis- 
 course. 
 
 53 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Mr. McCarty died in May, 1867, and a me- 
 morial oration to his honor was pronounced by 
 the Rev. C. G. Currie. A month later the Vestry 
 announced that they took great pleasure in recom- 
 mending the publication of the "Sermons" of the 
 deceased rector, which were to be issued in the in- 
 terest of his family, and which were considered 
 so remarkable "not only for originality, but for 
 their clearness of exposition of evangelical truth, 
 and for the eloquence with which they enforce it, 
 that they can scarcely fail, under Divine blessing, 
 to accomplish much good." 
 
 Mr. McCarty was succeeded on or before 
 September i, 1867, by the Rev. William Andrew 
 Snively, who resigned the rectorship of St. An- 
 drew's Church, Pittsburgh, and took charge of the 
 parish of Christ Church at a salary of $4,000. 
 Mr. SniVely was born at Greencastle, Pennsyl- 
 vania, December 6, 1833, and was therefore 
 thirty-four years of age when he came to Cincin- 
 nati. He was graduated from Dickinson College, 
 with the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology, 
 in 1852, and from Columbia in 1875; and was 
 made deacon and ordained priest in 1865, becom- 
 ing assistant rector of St. Andrew's, Pittsburgh, 
 where he served two years, 1865-7. That Doc- 
 tor Snively discharged his clerical duties in a 
 manner gratifying to the Vestry and the congre- 
 gation is indicated by the fact that before the 
 second year of his incumbency had passed his sal- 
 ary was increased to $4,500. 
 
 It is interesting to note that during the contin- 
 uance of Mr. Snively's short rectorate the finan- 
 cial condition of the Church was remarkably flour- 
 ishing. The income received from pew-rents dur- 
 
 54 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 ing the two years of his incumbency reached the 
 sum of $10,000. Nevertheless, in the midst of 
 the third year of his altogether approved pastor- 
 ate, Mr. Snively called a special meeting of the 
 Vestry, to inform the members that he had re- 
 ceived a unanimous and pressing invitation to be- 
 come the rector of St. Peter's Church, Albany, 
 New York. The matter was thoroughly discussed 
 in the Vestry, and at a second special meeting 
 Judge Van Hamm voiced the general spirit of dis- 
 appointment and remonstrance united with the 
 kindest feelings of love and high appreciation of 
 the character and motives of the pastor whose 
 valued services they were about to lose. The 
 Judge moved: 
 
 "That in the opinion of the Wardens and Vestry 
 of Christ Church, it is the duty of the rector to 
 remain in his present position. Among the many 
 reasons for his so doing we would suggest that 
 there is no cause for his separating himself from 
 those who unanimously called him to labor among 
 them. 
 
 "The condition of the parish is prosperous in a 
 high degree. The field of usefulness is a wide one. 
 Harmony in a remarkable degree exists among 
 people and pastor. While in other portions of our 
 Church there are causes of disturbance which 
 threaten to rend asunder those who have here- 
 tofore been united together in the bond of Chris- 
 tian love and affection, there does not seem to be 
 anything in the way of the advancement of our 
 parish in the paths of peace and holiness. Our 
 Sunday School, our Mission Church, and all the 
 societies for benevolent objects connected with our 
 parish are prospering under the leadership of our 
 
 55 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 pastor. The young, especially, have been brought 
 into the Church during his stay among us — ^what 
 would be the result of a separation so far as they 
 are concerned it is difficult to predict ; but it should 
 be a matter of serious consideration to him who 
 has led them to Jesus. 
 
 "In conclusion, let it be borne in mind that the 
 influence of the Christian pastor for good is 
 greatly increased by long acquaintance. The ties 
 of Christian love are greatly strengthened by long 
 continued association, and thus it will be more dis- 
 tinctly observed and realized that the relation be- 
 tween pastor and people should not be disturbed 
 for any light cause; on the contrary the cause of 
 separation should be so marked as to leave no 
 doubt that, in the providence of God, duty de- 
 mands the change." 
 
 Judge Van Hamm's remonstrances and earnest 
 persuasion did not alter the determination of the 
 accomplished and highly esteemed pastor, who was 
 convinced that he ought not to remain longer in 
 Cincinnati, and who, having delivered his fare- 
 well sermon on the last Sunday in April, 1870, 
 took his departure a few days thereafter for his 
 new field of labor in New York. Meanwhile the 
 Rev. Thomas S. Yocom, of Bridgeport, Pennsyl- 
 vania, had been called by a unanimous vote of the 
 Vestry to the rectorship of Christ Church, where 
 he began his ministry on the first Sunday in May. 
 
 Mr. Yocom's connection with the Church con- 
 tinued six years, during which he performed the 
 varied and important duties which devolved upon 
 him with fidelity and won the general approbation 
 and esteem of the Church officers and of the con- 
 gregation. In the second year of his incumbency, 
 
 56 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 May 15, 1872, the Diocesan Convention of the 
 State assembled in Christ Church. And there, 
 on April 5 of the following year, appropriate and 
 impressive action was taken to commemorate the 
 worth of Bishop Mcllvaine, who died at Florence, 
 Italy, on the fifteenth of March, 1 873. The char- 
 acter of this great man, universally and justly hon- 
 ored and loved, was eulogized in words of such 
 beauty, sincerity, and force, that they may not be 
 omitted from the history of an Episcopal society 
 with which he was so intimately associated and to 
 whose members he was so specially endeared: 
 
 "In common with the whole Church of Christ 
 throughout the world, we deplore the loss sus- 
 tained by his death; but rejoice in the precious 
 legacy which he has left us In the record of his Il- 
 lustrious, pure, and holy life, and of his abun- 
 dant labors for Christ during an Episcopate of 
 more than forty years. His relations to the 
 people of Christ Church have been more than 
 episcopal. They have been almost paternal. 
 For a considerable period (during a vacancy In 
 the rectorate) he was the minister of the parish; 
 and those who enjoyed the great privilege of lis- 
 tening from week to week to his masterly preach- 
 ment of the great themes of the Gospel, and to 
 his tender and moving appeals on behalf of 
 Christ, will never forget his almost apostolic gen- 
 tleness, zeal, and power. Always loyal In the 
 highest degree to the Church In which he had been 
 born and baptized, prizing unspeakably Its match- 
 less liturgy and its apostolic order, he neverthe- 
 less took to his heart as brethren all who loved 
 the Lord Jesus Christ." 
 
 Mr. Yocom resigned his charge of Christ 
 
 57 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Church, July 15, 1876. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. I. N. Stanger, of Portsmouth, Ohio, who was 
 elected to the position October 31, 1876. 
 
 Isaac Newton Stanger was a Pennsylvanian, 
 born at Brownsville, where in his boyhood he 
 learned a mechanical trade, but was induced by 
 the rector of the Church he attended to prepare 
 himself to study divinity and entered Kenyon Col- 
 lege, Gambler, Ohio. When the Civil War broke 
 out he enlisted as a volunteer in the Union Army, 
 enrolling in the looth Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 After a brief but creditable term of service as a 
 soldier, his health failing, he was mustered out, 
 and, returning to Kenyon, completed his course 
 there, then went to the Philadelphia Divinity 
 School, from which he graduated in 1869. His 
 first rectorship was at Wilmington, Delaware; 
 his second at Portsmouth, Ohio ; his third at Cin- 
 cinnati, where, at the age of about thirty-five, he 
 began the arduous labors of eleven busy years. 
 
 The period of Dr. Stanger's rectorate began 
 in the month of January, 1877, A. H. McGuffey 
 and Martin Bare then being Senior Wardens. 
 Among the enterprises undertaken by the Vestry 
 within the first half year of the new rector's 
 incumbency was the renovation of the church 
 building, then more than forty years old. It was 
 resolved that the committee on church edifice be 
 authorized and requested to procure immediately, 
 to expend in the improvement and repairs of 
 building, an amount not exceeding the aggregate 
 of the sums which have been or may be subscribed 
 for such purpose. An announcement was made 
 from the chancel that at least $1,510 was needed, 
 and the desired alterations were undertaken; nor 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 were these entirely completed for ten years, for, 
 in the Year Book for 1887, it is stated that during 
 the past year the interior of the church was re- 
 modeled and the exterior was painted and re- 
 newed. The Secretary of the Vestry long after- 
 ward called attention to the fact that Dr. Stanger 
 made many improvements to the church, and that 
 it was while he was rector that the organ was 
 brought down from the gallery, and that the 
 original chancel was remodeled and the audito- 
 rium redecorated. 
 
 In the second year of his service Dr. Stanger 
 prepared and published a "Short History of Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, O.," a pamphlet of nineteen 
 pages, which is now exceedingly rare. Dr. Stan- 
 ger's estimates and conjectures concerning the 
 financial liberality of the church are very suggest- 
 ive. "During the sixty-one years of the Church's 
 existence," he writes in 1878, "we have been able 
 to approximate the amount which has been con- 
 tributed through the offertory and the several so- 
 cieties for purely missionary and charitable pur- 
 poses. It is not less than two hundred thousand 
 dollars. This has really been given in the space 
 of fifty years, for the first ten years were a 
 struggle for existence." 
 
 Mr. Stanger was himself a generous giver to 
 the cause to which he had consecrated his life, 
 contributing a large percentage of his salary, 
 while in Cincinnati, to the furtherance of the 
 great objects for which Christ Church labored. 
 He took a deep interest in the purposes of the En- 
 dowment Fund, which he was instrumental in 
 founding. He also persuasively advocated the 
 early establishment of a parish house in connection 
 
 59 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 with Christ Church. In reference to this, the 
 Rev. Frank H. Nelson wrote in 191 1 : "He was 
 the first man to see the new order that was coming, 
 and to attempt to adjust the Church to it. The 
 time was not ripe, however, and the parish house 
 he hoped for was not built." 
 
 After a ministry of eleven years, filled with 
 beneficial works and noble endeavors for the in- 
 terests of Christ Church, Dr. Stanger, in 1887, 
 received and accepted a call to become rector of 
 Holy Trinity Church, Harlem, New York, where 
 in pleasant and congenial surroundings he re- 
 mained for four years. He removed from New 
 York to Philadelphia in 1892, becoming rector 
 of the Church of the Atonement, a charge which 
 he retained until his death, which occurred on 
 March 31, 191 1. A bronze tablet was dedi- 
 cated to his memory in the Church of the Atone- 
 ment, December 26, 1915. 
 
 After the resignation of Dr. Stanger in 1887, 
 he was succeeded in the rectorship of Christ 
 Church by the Rev. Robert Atkinson Gibson. 
 This distinguished clergyman (now the Bishop of 
 the Diocese of Virginia) was born at Petersburg, 
 Virginia, July 9, 1846. He graduated from 
 Hampden-Sydney College in 1864; served in the 
 1st Virginia Artillery, Confederate States Army, 
 1864-5 ; graduated from the Virginia Theological 
 Seminary, 1870; received the degree D.D. from 
 the University of the South and from Kenyon Col- 
 lege; was ordained deacon in 1870 and priest In 
 1 87 1. After two years' labor as Protestant Epis- 
 copal Missionary in Southern Virginia, he was 
 appointed assistant minister In St. James Church, 
 and from 1872 to 1878 was in charge of the 
 
 60 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 Moore Memorial Chapel, Richmond. Thence he 
 was called to Parkersburg, W. Va., where for 
 nine years he was rector of Trinity Church. 
 
 During the decade (i 887-1 897) through which 
 Dr. Gibson labored for the parish of Christ 
 Church, two important achievements were made: 
 the church building was remodeled, and the 
 chorus choir was established. Soon after his 
 rectorate began, he congratulated his congrega- 
 tion upon the introduction of the envelope system, 
 saying, "It is the most flexible method of manag- 
 ing Church finances ever devised and the possibil- 
 ities of its usefulness among us are incalculable. 
 The ideal Church organization is one in which 
 there are no charges for anything, but voluntary 
 offerings are made with a free hand by the 
 people." 
 
 At a parish meeting held in June, 1890, Mr. 
 Larz Anderson, then being Senior Warden, and 
 Mr. E. Worthington, Secretary, the committee on 
 Church Improvement, submitted an elaborate plan 
 for remodeling the church edifice and for recon- 
 structing the chancel and decorating the audito- 
 rium. The extensive alterations in the main build- 
 ing were made under the supervision of Aiken & 
 Kitchner, Cincinnati architects, according to de- 
 signs drawn by Mr. Lucien Plympton. These in- 
 clude beautifully artistic improvements in stair- 
 ways and ornamental windows. Very appropri- 
 ate and impressive were the details of form and 
 color, giving finish to the auditorium and the 
 chancel, the material and artisanship of which 
 were furnished by the Tiffany Decorating Com- 
 pany. The cost of the entire remodeling and deco- 
 ration was $43,520. The work was begun in July, 
 
 61 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 1890, and completed about the middle of June, 
 
 1 89 1, and during this period the people of Christ 
 Church met for worship in the Scottish Rite 
 Cathedral and in a room on the ground floor of 
 the Ortiz Apartment Building on Fourth Street, 
 which was put at the disposal of the congregation 
 by the Senior Warden, Mr. Anderson. Celebrat- 
 ing the return of pastor and flock to their reno- 
 vated home, in the Year Book for 1892, Dr. Gib- 
 son rejoiced that "after eleven months of wander- 
 ing, a joyful congregation had entered upon the 
 occupancy of a light, handsome, and churchly 
 house of worship." 
 
 Notwithstanding the impetus given to enter- 
 prise by the inspiring new environments which sur- 
 rounded the people and the pastor of Christ 
 Church, and despite the superiority of the music 
 which, in 1896, was declared "more than satis- 
 factory," and though the business affairs of the 
 parish were administered with the utmost skill and 
 foresight, discouraging financial difficulties were 
 encountered. As early as 1894 the income of the 
 Church was less than the outgo ; on the following 
 fiscal year the revenue was smaller by $800 than 
 the expense; and so the strain increased, causing 
 an annual deficit ranging from $1,200 to $1,400. 
 Nevertheless the more energetic of the Church 
 societies held their own and even advanced; the 
 desirability of going to the expense of building a 
 parish house and a rectory came up for discus- 
 sion ; and the urgent need of employing an assist- 
 ant minister pressed for immediate consideration. 
 Finally, in response to the demand that a suitable 
 person be employed to share with the rector his 
 numerous duties, the Rev. Alfred James Wilder 
 
 62 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 was appointed assistant minister on September 7, 
 1896. Upon the 30th of the following June the 
 Rev. Dr. Gibson, having been elected Bishop Co- 
 adjutor of Virginia, resigned the rectorship of 
 Christ Church, to take effect In October. "Thus, 
 after ten years of hard and faithful parochial 
 work," recorded the ever just and generous Sec- 
 retary of the Church, William Lytle Foster, "he 
 departed for his new field of labor with the love 
 and respect of the entire parish to whom he had 
 so thoroughly endeared himself." Dr. Gibson 
 entered upon the discharge of his high function 
 as Bishop Coadjutor In the autumn of 1896, and 
 rose to the office of bishop on November 3, 1897, 
 a position he still holds. 
 
 Dr. Gibson having resigned, the subject of 
 choosing another rector to take his place came up 
 for consideration. But financial embarrassments 
 and the fear of an Increased deficit had produced 
 such a feeling of unrest and Indecision, not only 
 In the Vestry but throughout the parish, that some- 
 thing In the nature of a panic threatened the very 
 organization of the society. The advisability of 
 a combination of Christ Church with St. Paul's 
 was considered, but so radical a suggestion was 
 soon abandoned. A parish meeting was sum- 
 moned, before which were presented and discussed 
 these propositions : 
 
 1. "To call a rector at $4,000, the assistant 
 minister being kept, and the choir maintained at 
 present standard. 
 
 2. "To continue as at present with assistant 
 minister and choir, the assistant to be relieved 
 once or twice a month by a minister from the out- 
 side to preach." 
 
 63 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 The nature of the main issue, with its collateral 
 implications, which divided the parish into fac- 
 tions, is indicated by this passage from the report 
 of the Wardens and Vestry for 1898 : 
 
 "Of course we can not say what our successors 
 will do in the premises, but we believe they will 
 not be hasty, but deliberate in action, and it should 
 be their ultimate aim to secure, if possible, a man 
 who, while he is a good pastor, yet is gifted as a 
 preacher, and feels that he has a message to de- 
 liver to men and women, and has moreover that 
 faculty of so delivering that message, that once 
 heard, you want to hear him again. The mark 
 we set is high, but is it not a right one?" 
 
 Perhaps the difficulty through which the Church 
 was passing was inevitable, a necessary result of 
 the universal law of action and reaction which 
 holds in the world of moral as well as of physical 
 force. The period was one of transition in 
 methods of Church organization, and especially 
 in modes of obtaining Church revenues. This 
 was true in the East and in the West, not only in 
 the Protestant Episcopal world but in almost all 
 denominations. What had been regarded as the 
 only safe and sane provision for insuring a full 
 treasury, dependence upon the sale and taxation 
 of pews and upon special patrons, was passing into 
 the category of the traditional, as not being alto- 
 gether in accord with the spirit of Christian de- 
 mocracy and brotherhood. Hence the substitu- 
 tion, more or less complete, of the so-called "en- 
 velope system," an accepted main reliance of the 
 free church movement. Necessarily difference of 
 opinion and of policy arose among men of strong 
 character and independent mind. To the pro- 
 
 64 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 found regret of many, the Senior Warden of 
 Christ Church, Mr. Larz Anderson, who had held 
 the office for eighteen years, resigned the high 
 position, though he continued to perform the 
 duties of Superintendent of the Sunday School, 
 and of Trustee of the Endowment Fund. His 
 place as Senior Warden was filled by Mr. Frank 
 J. Jones, who during the preceding decade and a 
 half had been Junior Warden, to which position 
 Mr. Edward Worthington was promoted, adding 
 its cares and dignities to his incessant, responsible 
 duties as Treasurer of the Church. 
 
 In the meantime, the Rev. Alfred J. Wilder 
 continued to perform, with unremitting fidelity, 
 the duties of assistant minister, many extra serv- 
 ices devolving upon him, from September, 1896, 
 to May, 1899. 
 
 In these portentous years when first shadows 
 began to overgloom the souls of those most so- 
 licitous for the future prosperity and even the 
 permanent existence of the dearly-beloved Mother 
 Church, trying the faith and testing the devotion 
 of their Christian vows, — a forward-looking ideal 
 was conceived and a practicable scheme resolved 
 upon, whereby their holiest hopes might be ful- 
 filled, the spiritual labors of their fathers and of 
 themselves conserved, and the prayers of gen- 
 erations answered. They projected a simple, co- 
 operative plan, just to all, burdensome to none, by 
 the perpetual operation of which the infinite bless- 
 ings which a loyal, active, vital Church of God 
 can be afforded to the people of a great city! 
 They founded an organization, by the vigilant 
 and conscientious management of which, through 
 officers consecrated to the work of the Master, 
 
 65 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 an ample endowment would accumulate to sup- 
 ply the future needs of Christ Church, through 
 whatever vicissitudes she may be called upon to 
 pass. 
 
 So supremely important an event in the his- 
 tory of the parish was that which established a 
 permanent Endowment Fund, that a documentary 
 account of the origin, progress, and purpose of the 
 movement is here transcribed as a reminder. 
 
 A small pamphlet of six pages, prepared by the 
 first Board of Trustees of the Endowment Fund, 
 and issued in 1882, opens with this illuminating 
 "Introduction:" 
 
 "At a meeting of the Wardens and the Vestry 
 of Christ Church, held on Saturday, January 3, 
 1880, at the solicitation of the rector, a resolution 
 was adopted appointing and directing a committee 
 composed of N. H. McLean, Larz Anderson, and 
 Frank J. Jones, to consider the subject of endow- 
 ing Christ Church. After a careful consideration 
 of the matter the committee, on February 7th, at 
 a regular meeting of the Vestry, made a report 
 in favor of the 'adoption of the plan' for the ulti- 
 mate endowment of Christ Church. 
 
 "In this report the committee called attention 
 to the fact that this was the Mother Church in 
 Cincinnati, and dwelt with conscious pride upon its 
 past and present history, and usefulness. The 
 committee also recognized the fact, patent to the 
 most unobserving, that, for various reasons, for 
 which no person nor individual is responsible, 
 there is a regular diminution of our income by 
 the constant removal of church families to the 
 attractive suburbs. And this tendency will in- 
 crease rather than diminish as time goes on. 
 
 66 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 Eventually the old Churches will be dangerously 
 weakened, and some will succumb to extinction 
 for want of adequate support. The committee 
 earnestly deprecating the loss of Christ Church 
 at any future period, and thoroughly believing 
 in the need of her perpetuity in a neighborhood 
 that must ever be surrounded by residences of 
 some kind, deem it their duty so far as possible 
 to make such provisions as will effectually pre- 
 vent the happening of any circumstances which 
 will compel the sale of the church property, or 
 silence her ancient and glorious services. And 
 while they do not entertain any alarming appre- 
 hension of immediate need of an endowment, still 
 the opportune moment to administer the remedy 
 is not when the signs of disintegration and dis- 
 solution are manifest, but when life and energy 
 and the means of provision are with us and our 
 friends. 
 
 "The said committee therefore submits a plan 
 of a practical character, by which an endowment 
 may be accomplished, being well aware that the 
 success of any undertaking depends upon constant 
 and incessant labor, accompanied with patient 
 waiting." 
 
 Together with this appeal were printed two 
 letters addressed to the rector of Christ Church, 
 bearing the weight of the testimony and authority 
 of the two Bishops of the State of Ohio. So much 
 light do these familiar letters throw upon the con- 
 dition of the Episcopal Mother Church of Cin- 
 cinnati, thirty-seven years ago, that they must be 
 read with lively interest by every one conversant 
 with the subject. The first of these communica- 
 tions ran as follows : 
 
 67 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 "Rev. and Dear Brother: 
 
 "I hear with great satisfaction that you are 
 moving in the matter of an endowment of dear old 
 Christ Church. That Mother of Churches in the 
 great city of Cincinnati ought not to ask in vain to 
 be placed beyond the reach of care and the danger 
 of vicissitudes. She will pardon my expressing 
 an interest in the scheme ; for separation in social 
 relation has not separated my affection from the 
 Diocese or weakened my attachment to friends 
 with whom I took sweet counsel there. Long 
 ago we foresaw that the tide of population was 
 sweeping away from Christ Church that class who 
 have given character to its charities and made it 
 a power. These changes are inevitable. The old 
 families have resisted manfully, but the progress 
 of city life is too strong in its forces, and society 
 must yield. That part of your great city needs 
 Christ Church; but Christ Church, remaining 
 where it is, must either sink in the scale after the 
 lapse of a few years more, or by the generosity of 
 its present congregation rise to the height of a 
 Free Church, where, for all generations to came, 
 the Gospel shall be preached to a people not bur- 
 dened for its support. Such Churches are the 
 glory of our Mother Church in England. May 
 we not hope to see the Mother Church in Cin- 
 cinnati adding that crown of glory to its long rec- 
 ord of fidelity to the Gospel and Its charities 
 for the Lord's sake? 
 Believe me. 
 
 My dear Brother, 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 G. T. Bedell, Bishop of Ohio." 
 68 
 
Rev. I. Newton Stanct-r 
 Rector 
 
 1877-1887 
 
 Rev. Thos. S. Yocom 
 Rector 
 
 1869-1876 
 
 
 f' 
 
 Rev. Rich.\rd Gra 
 
 City Missioiiar)' 
 
 1865-1880 
 
FIFTY YEARS' CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR 
 
 The second letter, much in the same vein, reads : 
 "My dear Mr. Stanger: 
 
 "I am very glad you are moving in the matter of 
 an endowment for Christ Church. I have thought 
 of the future of the older Churches of our city 
 with great concern. It is inevitable that the deple- 
 tion caused by removal to the hills, and the en- 
 croachment of business must sooner or later leave 
 them without an assured support — and yet there 
 must always be a dense population around them 
 and important work for them to do. It would 
 be a calamity indeed if either of these Churches 
 should be absorbed by business. They ought to 
 remain like the Churches of Trinity Corporation, 
 New York, and St. Andrew's, Philadelphia ; to be 
 witnesses for truth and righteousness at the busi- 
 ness centers; and to be maintained permanently 
 as Free Churches, for the benefit of strangers and 
 the large class of persons who can not live upon 
 the hills. Their permanence can only be secured 
 by some Plan of Endowment, such as you, with 
 wise forecast, have proposed. I endorse the 
 movement with all my heart. I trust you will 
 yield to no discouragement, but persistently agi- 
 tate the subject until our people are thoroughly 
 awakened to its importance. Of course, the accu- 
 mulation of an endowment must be gradual. You 
 have not commenced the movement too soon. I 
 do trust that the wealthy friends of Christ Church 
 will give the matter an earnest thought. Not only 
 the welfare of Christ Church, but of the whole 
 Church of this city is involved. I submit that 
 there could not be a worthier object (embodying 
 more permanent good) for liberal bequests, than 
 such an endowment. As the matter is one which 
 
 69 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 closely concerns the general interests of our 
 Church, I thank you for taking the initiative, and 
 you may command, should you need it, my earnest 
 co-operation. 
 
 "I am my Dear Brother, faithfully yours, 
 Thomas A. Jaggar, 
 Bishop of Southern Ohio." 
 
 The plan, which was unanimously adopted by 
 the Vestry on April 3, 1880, in accordance with 
 Canon XXIII of the diocese, is that which has 
 been in practical effect ever since, and the fund 
 on April i, 1917, amounted to $45,236.68. At 
 the same date other endowment funds of Christ 
 Church were as follows : 
 
 Sunday School Endowment $6,190.82. 
 
 The Larz and Emma Anderson Memorial 
 Fund, $1,104.10. 
 
 Parish House Fund, $81,514.98. 
 
 A new code of by-laws of Christ Church, passed 
 on Easter Monday, 1903, made a most important 
 radical change in a custom that had prevailed for 
 three quarters of a century, by providing that "In 
 electing a Vestry, every member of the parish, 
 whether male or female, who shall have been such 
 for six months next preceding the election, and is 
 of legal age, and who has signed the Articles of 
 Parochial Association, and who has contributed 
 ten dollars annually to the support of the parish, 
 by pew-rent or other specific contribution of that 
 amount, shall be entitled to vote; and no person 
 shall be elected Vestryman who is not a qualified 
 voter in the parish, and a bona fide member there- 
 of." 
 
 70 
 
IV 
 Agencies for Church and Parish Work 
 
 THE Ladies' Benevolent Society of Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, origin and sustainer of 
 many noble enterprises through many years 
 of patient and self-sacrificing labor and generosity, 
 proved long ago, by its persistent yet unobtrusive 
 Christian endeavors and services, how important 
 a part of a community's most efficacious, moral, 
 and religious effort naturally falls into the hands of 
 women. Perhaps the best and most humane bless- 
 ing that this society has rendered to the cause of 
 righteousness arose from the institution of the 
 unique and intensely practical methods of "going 
 about doing good," illustrated by the daily minis- 
 trations of the "city missionaries," sent forth and 
 supported by the organization. These pious and 
 indefatigable followers of the meek and lowly 
 Comforter fulfilled His precept: "Let your light 
 so shine before men, that they may see your good 
 works, and glorify your Father which is in 
 Heaven." 
 
 The first city missionary of Christ Church was 
 Rev. Richard Gray, who, as we learn from a tab- 
 let erected to his memory in the Church, was born 
 in London in 1805, and died in Cincinnati in 
 1880. His missionary activities were not con- 
 fined to Christ Church, but he labored as a Good 
 Samaritan in other parishes under the Episcopal 
 sway. He officiated as minister of Christ Church 
 
 71 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 during the absence and the prolonged sickness 
 in 1866 of Mr. McCarty, rector of the parish. 
 Mr. Gray became rector of Holy Trinity Church, 
 Hartwell, where he was in charge from 1867 to 
 1 87 1. But his pre-eminent and distinguishing 
 service was in the local missionary field, where he 
 labored for twenty-five years, his salary being 
 paid by the Ladies' Benevolent Society. From 
 one of his annual reports we quote a paragraph 
 which conveys a vivid impression of the range 
 and quality of his work and a distinct idea of the 
 style and character of this most earnest and de- 
 voted man. 
 
 "During the past year," he writes, "I have at- 
 tended to two thousand five hundred and two 
 cases, many of which were sick people, who re- 
 quired frequent attention. A few years ago I 
 was asked by a clergyman of our Church, several 
 years my senior, what method I found best to 
 keep the evidence of the love of God most active 
 in the soul. I replied, 'Constantly visiting the sick 
 and the dying.' It is there we see fully the short- 
 ness and uncertainty of life, but more especially 
 the faithfulness of God to all his promises. I 
 have been engaged in this work for nearly fifty 
 years, and have visited a great variety of persons 
 in very different stations of life, and have been 
 astonished at the unvarying testimony given by 
 the humble believer in Christ, that he never for- 
 sakes those who put their trust in Him. I con- 
 sider this portion of my work to be the most im- 
 portant, as well as the most profitable." 
 
 Two years after the death of the first city mis- 
 sionary, sometimes called with fond familiarity 
 "Father Gray," Miss H. Fannie Williams was 
 
 72 
 
CHURCH AND PARISH WORK 
 
 called to take his place, and she carried on the 
 work for eighteen years, in much the same spirit 
 as had been exhibited by her predecessor, sus- 
 tained and encouraged as he had been by the 
 Ladies' Benevolent Society. Some extracts from 
 her painstaking annual reports will indicate the 
 scope of her various duties and the fidelity and 
 fervor of her nature. In the year 1888 she wit- 
 nesses: "I have made two thousand and seventy- 
 five calls and attended the weekly meetings of the 
 Benevolent Society, the Helping Hand Society, 
 the Mothers' meeting, the Young Gleaners, the 
 Sewing School, and the Flower Mission, the Fresh 
 Air Work during the summer and fall months, 
 the meetings of the Women's Conference of Char- 
 ities, and the monthly meetings of the Associated 
 Charities in our district. I conduct the religious 
 services in mothers' meeting. The work that is 
 most efficient is the house to house visiting. In 
 this way I find out the temporal and spiritual 
 wants of those I visit. I try to speak encouraging 
 words to the faint-hearted, hopeful words to the 
 sick and suffering, and sympathizing ones to all, 
 and make them feel that they have a friend in need. 
 I gather the children for the Sunday School, and 
 try to instil the duty of church-going into the 
 minds of the parents." She reports in 1895, "The 
 past year has been one of a great deal of want. 
 Never in work, for the last thirteen years, have we 
 met so much absolute need for food, fuel, and 
 clothing." Her annual report, issued in 1897, 
 summarizes her work for the preceding fifteen 
 years, during which she had made 28,405 calls 
 and distributed, for charitable purposes, $6,850. 
 Falling ill, in 1900, Miss Williams resigned. 
 
 73 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 By the courtesy of Miss Jane Findlay Carson 
 we are permitted to reproduce a condensed his- 
 tory of the Helping Hand Society, now known as 
 the Woman's Auxiliary of Christ Church, of 
 which organization, having long been the Secre- 
 tary, she kindly prepared the sketch for publi- 
 cation in this volume. 
 
 "The origin of the Society," writes Miss Car- 
 son, "is doubtless to be found in the following 
 record taken from the forty-fifth annual report 
 of the 'Ladies' Benevolent Society,' 1864: In the 
 spring the Rev. Mr. McCarty (rector of Christ 
 Church at that time) received a letter from the 
 wife of one of our missionaries laboring in the 
 northern part of the State, asking for assistance, 
 a salary of three hundred dollars being the only 
 support of themselves and six children. The first 
 meeting of the society was called by the rectorin 
 1865 — in February, and held in the Lecture Room 
 of Christ Church, and largely attended, when the 
 constitution was adopted, and officers elected by 
 ballot. 
 
 "The preamble to the constitution, written pre- 
 sumably by the Rev. Mr. McCarty, says partly 
 as follows: 'St. Paul writes of those women who 
 labored with him in the Gospel, that "their 
 names are written in the Book of Life," thus teach- 
 ing us that the helping hand of devoted women 
 is deemed worthy of a record in heaven.' 
 
 "Therefore: It is resolved that a society be 
 formed in Christ Church composed of those ladies 
 who shall earnestly devote themselves to the ex- 
 tending of a helping hand, who having associated 
 themselves to labor In the Word and Doctrine of 
 Christ may, like the Master Himself, be some- 
 
 74 
 
CHURCH AND PARISH WORK 
 
 times dependent on others for the ministration of 
 their substance." 
 
 The objects of the work as stated in the Con- 
 stitution are not unlike those of the Woman's 
 Auxiliary: 
 
 To extend a helping hand with such substan- 
 tial aid as shall be proportionate to the ability of 
 the society, and the needs of its beneficiaries. 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliary was organized in 1871 
 at the suggestion of the Secretary of the Board 
 of Missions. It is the union of all women's mis- 
 sionary societies from all over the country in or- 
 der to carry on the work in a systematic manner 
 under one general secretary in New York. 
 
 A number of other organizations formed to 
 provide for the maintenance and extension of 
 various special kinds of church and parish work, 
 all more or less closely affiliated with and encour- 
 aged by the Helping Hand Society, came into ex- 
 istence within the period beginning with the year 
 1858 and ending with 1893. First of these was 
 the Sewing School, instituted, as its name of course 
 implies, to instruct girls in one of the most essen- 
 tial of the useful arts. The Mothers' Meeting, 
 started in 1876, had for its main object the assist- 
 ance of those who were its members, by giving 
 them dry goods at less than wholesale prices and 
 allowing them to pay for the same in small sums 
 and at their convenience. 
 
 During the fifteen years, dating from 1877 
 until 1892, a few zealous propagandists of the 
 Episcopal Mission Work, at first organized under 
 the name of the Mexican League, afterwards 
 changed to the Committee for Church Work in 
 Mexico, carried on their benevolent activities with 
 
 75 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 wonderful perseverance and enthusiasm. No 
 mention is made of their labors in the Year Books 
 issued later than 1892, but in that year the com- 
 mittee hopefully reminded the people of Christ 
 Church of the pressing claim of the church work 
 in Mexico, saying, "We feel that we can not put 
 this claim more forcibly than by quoting from a 
 letter from the Rev. W. B. Gordon, who is in 
 charge of the work there. He says, 'I am very 
 grateful to the Great Head of the Church to be 
 able to report that during the year just closed 
 there has been an advance all along the line in this 
 mission field.' " The committee, consisting ex- 
 clusively of ladies, reminds the contributors to 
 the special fund which they disburse that there 
 was money needed for Mrs. Hooker's Orphanage 
 which was doing a great and wonderful work for 
 the young girls in Mexico. 
 
 The Chancel Committee, organized in 1880, 
 had charge of all the sacred vessels of the sanc- 
 tuary and took occasional care of the church deco- 
 ration on Easter, and other holy days. The 
 Chancel Guild, originated in 1893, consisted of 
 three committees — one on decoration, one on vest- 
 ments, and the third on the communion service. 
 
 A very efficient organization was formed^ in 
 1883 named the Hospital Committee, the object 
 of which is to "keep up an interest in that beau- 
 tiful institution of charity," The Children's Hos- 
 pital of the Episcopal Church, Mount Auburn, a 
 gift bestowed upon all the parishes of the Diocese 
 of Southern Ohio by the Emery Brothers. 
 
 In the year 1886 a number of young men, de- 
 voted to the welfare of Christ Church, associated 
 themselves together under the sacred and beauti- 
 
 76 
 
CHURCH AND PARISH WORK 
 
 ful nomination, Brotherhood of St. Andrew, hav- 
 ing for their object the promotion of social fel- 
 lowship among Christians, the welcoming of 
 strangers, the bringing of men to attend divine 
 service, and, in general, the extension of Church 
 influence through fraternal kindliness and unre- 
 mitting assiduity in the name of that disciple who 
 passed a day with Jesus, attended with Him the 
 marriage at Cana, and who, with his brother, 
 Simon Peter, was called from the humble occu- 
 pation of attending his nets on the Lake of Gen- 
 nesaret, to become a "fisher of men." St. An- 
 drew, who had been a follower of John the Bap- 
 tist, devoted his life to spreading the religion 
 instituted by his Master throughout Scythia, 
 Greece, and Thrace, and at last, a martyr to his 
 faith, was crucified, perishing, it is said and be- 
 lieved, upon a cross of the form known as "Crux 
 decussita" (X), now regarded in all Christen- 
 dom as the symbol of the Saint. 
 
 A society named The Young Gleaners, founded 
 in 1887, and devoted to special work for the mis- 
 sions, endowed a bed at the Episcopal Hospital 
 for Children. 
 
 The Young Ladies' Guild, ^Iso organized in 
 1887, was dedicated especially to the spiritual in- 
 terests of the young people of the Church and to 
 charitable work, as well as to giving instruction 
 as to the duties of such officers as were connected 
 with benevolent institutions. 
 
 St. Giles's Guild (1888) made it a special ob- 
 ject to raise money for the purchase of braces, 
 surgical appliances, and crutches for crippled chil- 
 dren in the Episcopal Hospital. St. Giles was an 
 "Athenian of royal descent, and from his earliest 
 
 77 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 years distinguished for piety and charity. On the 
 death of his parents, he, while still young, dis- 
 tributed amongst the poor hi'S entire patrimony, 
 including his very tunic, which garment effected a 
 miraculous cure upon the poor sick man to whom 
 it had been given. In England there are 146 
 Churches dedicated to this Saint." 
 
 On April 23, 1889, largely through the efforts 
 of Mrs. Larz Anderson, was organized by the 
 women of Christ Church a band of "King's 
 Daughters," which immediately entering upon its 
 many inspiring duties, social and spiritual, con- 
 secrated its members to a life of elevated 
 thoughts and good deeds done "In His Name." 
 The membership In the order of the King's 
 Daughters, In 1890, was estimated to number 
 3,000. In Cincinnati its mystic chapters, we are 
 told in an Annual Report, have been "Interested 
 in the Lenten observances, and the Sunday School 
 has been a field In which the blossoms of faith and 
 good works have been found beautiful and fra- 
 grant, to be offered up to the King by those of his 
 daughters, who planted the seed from which they 
 have grown." 
 
 The Willing Workers, a society organized in 
 1890, devoted the energies of its originators to 
 active and very effectual service closely resem- 
 bling that in which the Helping Hand Society was 
 engaged. 
 
 A small number of Sunday School workers, 
 under the name of the Boys' Guild, formed to 
 aid the Indian missions of the West, was started 
 In 1890. This afterward took the name of The 
 Boys' Club, which was soon changed into the 
 Young Men's League or Club, in order to attract 
 
 78 
 
CHURCH AND PARISH WORK 
 
 a class of older boys and young men ranging in 
 age from sixteen to twenty-two years, for whom 
 were provided a literary club and a gymnasium. 
 A Periodical Club also had been organized. 
 
 Another society, named The Girls' League, 
 consisting of twelve members of from twelve to 
 sixteen years of age, came into being in 1897, 
 when Rev. Mr. Wilder, as assistant minister, had 
 succeeded Dr. Gibson. 
 
 With few exceptions, the organizations briefly 
 described in this summary were in successful 
 operation in the parish at the time of Mr. Stein's 
 election as rector of Christ Church, in 1898, and 
 the inauguration of a new system of Church man- 
 agement. Under the democratizing influence of 
 the newly declared free principle of social and re- 
 ligious procedure, a revived enthusiasm fostered 
 all the aspirations of clergy and congregation 
 toward transforming the first Episcopal Society 
 of the West into a modern institutional, down- 
 town Church. All the cherished instrumentali- 
 ties for spreading the Kingdom of Heaven upon 
 earth were utilized and expanded. Especially, 
 after the erection of the parish house, a wider 
 scope and a more definite and well-directed mo- 
 tive and method were given to the co-ordinated 
 energies of all the working forces, and the utmost 
 harmony prevailed in the Vestry and among the 
 people, who availed themselves of the benefits 
 bestowed by the various uplifting and inspiring 
 opportunities which the sympathetic and liberal 
 policy of the Church afforded, not only to its own 
 communicants but to the whole community. 
 
 79 
 
Growth of the Free Church 
 
 EARLY in the eighteen-nineties the Rev. W. 
 S. Rainsford, rector of St. George's Church, 
 New York City, in a series of Lenten ad- 
 dresses delivered in Pike's Opera House, Cin- 
 cinnati, discussed those principles of Church and 
 parish work for the establishment of which, in 
 cities, he was so largely responsible, and for 
 which Dr. George Hodges gave him so much 
 credit, writing, among other things, that "he 
 made an institutional Church of which nobody has 
 ever complained that the gymnasium is more con- 
 spicuous than the chancel," and that "he set for- 
 ward the social mission of the Church without 
 minimizing the spiritual mission." These popular 
 discourses of the celebrated rector made a pro- 
 found impression not only upon hearers of the 
 Episcopal denomination, but upon the general 
 public, and no doubt they did much toward pre- 
 paring the way for the favorable reception of the 
 plans and purposes announced by the new rector 
 of Christ Church in 1899. 
 
 After the resignation of Dr. Gibson, the Vestry, 
 by a unanimous vote, extended a call to the Rev. 
 Alexis W. Stein, then assistant minister of St. 
 George's, to become rector of Christ Church. 
 Dr. Rainsford gave Mr. Stein's name to Bishop 
 Vincent, who gave it to the officers of the Church. 
 This call was accepted on condition that on Eas- 
 
 80 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 ter, 1899, the Church should be made free. Mr. 
 Stein entered upon his duties as rector Decem- 
 ber 8, 1898, and the assistant minister, Rev. Al- 
 fred J. Wilder, resigned on May i, 1899, and to 
 his place was chosen the Rev. Frank H. Nelson, 
 who for four years had been the intimate friend 
 and co-assistant of Mr. Stein in New York. 
 
 Rev. Alexis William Stein was born in New 
 York City, August 31, 1871. He graduated from 
 Columbia University in 1891, and from the Gen- 
 eral Theological Seminary in 1893; was ordained 
 deacon by Bishop Potter, May 28, 1893, and 
 priest by Bishop Capers In 1897; was assistant 
 minister in St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, and, as 
 has been stated, in St. George's Church, from 
 which he was called to Cincinnati. 
 
 There was such evidence of sincerity in his 
 appeals, such clarity of thinking, such devotion to 
 the true and the good, such beauty of language, 
 that to hear him speak was to be persuaded that 
 he was right and to feel willing to be guided by 
 his counsel. His voice from the pulpit was lis- 
 tened to as If It were the not uncertain sound of 
 a silver bugle proclaiming a Gospel-note from on 
 high. The first printed official message from him 
 to his people, the "Rector's Letter," dated May 
 I, 1899 — modest, brief, simple — brought to the 
 attention of those most practically concerned for 
 the present and future prosperity of the parish- 
 ioners of Christ Church a few points of vital Im- 
 portance, as he deemed, and regarding which the 
 large majority agreed with him. "The free- 
 church system of church maintenance," he said, 
 "Is working well. Necessarily, In such a change 
 as we have undergone, in passing from the pew 
 
 81 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 system to this, some friction is inevitable. That 
 there has been so little, and that strangers are 
 beginning to feel that they are not only welcome, 
 but that they have a right in our Church, as God's 
 house, is due unquestionably to the forbearance 
 often, and cordiality of the old and regular com- 
 municants of the Church. It is only as we keep 
 constantly before us that in adopting this plan of 
 Church administration we are standing for a prin- 
 ciple of really vital importa:nce in the religious 
 life of our day, that we will be willing to put 
 up with the little inconveniences incident thereto, 
 and give to it our liberal financial support. It is 
 of great importance that every one who attends 
 our services under this scheme contributes through 
 the envelope system. It matters not how small 
 the contribution be — even five cents a Sunday — 
 give it regularly, and in this way so that the 
 treasurer may be able to form some approximate 
 idea of what the yearly income will be." 
 
 Next, as a matter of the most urgent impor- 
 tance, the new rector presented in the clearest, 
 serenest, and yet most emphatic terms the prob- 
 lem of the parish house, often and fruitlessly dis- 
 cussed for so many years. At length, it seemed, 
 the performance of miracles had appeared to ful- 
 fill the prayer of the prophets. The impossible 
 was to be achieved. Faith was transforming into 
 works. "On Easter," continues the rector's let- 
 ter, "I asked your offerings to the amount of 
 $20,000 for the obtaining of a parish house. 
 Your response was liberal, and while we have not 
 in hand the full amount necessary, we have suffi- 
 cient to justify the Vestry in authorizing the rapid 
 prosecution of the undertaking. We have se- 
 
 82 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 cured a piece of property directly east of the 
 Church, on Fourth Street, and it is proposed to 
 proceed to building as soon as possible. The 
 necessity of a parish house for the establishing 
 and carrying on of the work which Christ Church 
 is called upon to do for Cincinnati is so manifest 
 that it needs no comment. The fields are ripe for 
 the harvest, ripe for just this newer kind of work 
 which the Church of God must do in all our 
 larger cities to-day. In the proposed building we 
 hope to have a gymnasium and baths, a billiard 
 room, a men's club room, a general assembly 
 room, two rooms for Girls' Friendly classes, and 
 a boys' club room. I, with my associate, will live 
 on the top floor." 
 
 Having stated thus definitely what were the 
 immediate demands to which pastor and people 
 were alike committed, the rector closed his brief 
 appeal with a personal exhortation: "And now, 
 my friends, let us go forward boldly and earnestly 
 to the work at our hands. It is not easy work, 
 and the success of it will depend not upon your 
 clergy alone, but quite as much upon you. The 
 day has gone by forever when the work of a 
 Church, which is trying to discharge its responsi- 
 bilities to this age, can be done by one or two 
 clergymen, a parish visitor, and some Sunday 
 School teachers. It Is only as every member of 
 it gives, not only money, but time and some per- 
 sonal devotion, that the mission of a modern 
 Church can be fulfilled. Let us take it up, then, 
 in the faith that it is God's work, and that God's 
 power Is behind us, and that, despite our mistakes, 
 our ignorance and foolishness. He will not let it 
 come to naught if we are faithful." 
 
 83 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Under the impulsion of such spiritual energy 
 the material force and skill required for the 
 actual building. of the Parish House were soon 
 brought into vigorous action. The foundations 
 were laid and the walls began to rise in the sum- 
 mer of 1899, and the edifice was completed within 
 eight months, being dedicated on February 22, 
 1900. This, the original parish house, was three 
 stories high and stood on a lot just east of the 
 church. The lot was bought and the building 
 erected and furnished by voluntary subscriptions 
 from friends of the Church. 
 
 Referring in the Year Book for 1900, to the 
 rapid growth of such organizations as the Boys' 
 Club and the Sunday School, under disadvan- 
 tageous conditions, and to the manifest fact that 
 young people in large numbers were ready and 
 willing to come to the new room provided for 
 their accommodation and give their benefactors 
 "the opportunity of influencing them," Mr. Stein 
 says : "This is one of the chief facts, among 
 many others, which has made sure what I know 
 was to many heretofore a doubt, viz., that the 
 Parish House was an absolute necessity if our 
 Church, in the changing conditions of the city, is 
 to be worthy of her traditions and to fulfill her 
 destiny. It is my intense regret that I was not 
 able to be present at the opening of the Parish 
 House. Of its work since opening I know but 
 little, but I should like here to emphasize one 
 feature of all that should be undertaken there that 
 appears to me of first Importance. We cannot 
 too often remind ourselves that our endeavor 
 here is to make first Christians, and then church- 
 men. In other words, denominational lines must 
 
 84 
 
The First Parish House 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 be very loosely drawn; and only as we are com- 
 pelled to do so by limitation of space, should we 
 confine the membership in various organizations 
 in the Parish House to the members of the 
 Church." 
 
 Not only do the passages here freely quoted 
 from the rector's letters addressed to his parish- 
 ioners convey the essence of the history of Christ 
 Church during a transitional and radically Im- 
 portant period of its development, but they ap- 
 pear to be especially significant as forecasting the 
 policy of his successor who was In perfect har- 
 mony with his views. Whatever may be one's 
 personal beliefs and sympathies, one can hardly 
 read the unanticipated valedictory words of Mr. 
 Stein to his devoted people without a feeling of 
 admiration and a shock of painful emotion. 
 "And now, my friends," he writes from Colorado 
 Springs, on May i, 1900: "This, the Second 
 Year Book of Christ Church, which It has been 
 my privilege to compile, must be my last. The 
 progress of the trouble In my throat and lungs, 
 which made It necessary for me to leave so sud- 
 denly last February for this climate, has been 
 such that I am advised by my physicians here and 
 In Cincinnati that a return to Cincinnati would 
 almost certainly bring on a recurrence of the 
 trouble in a short time. After most earnest con- 
 sideration, it seems that the only wise course for 
 me to take is to put my resignation In the hands 
 of the Vestry, which I have done." 
 
 Thus was the connection of Rev. Alexis Wil- 
 liam Stein abruptly terminated after a service In 
 Christ Church lasting only fourteen months. His 
 after-career is briefly sketched by his near and 
 
 85 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 dear friend and associate, Rev. Frank H. Nelson : 
 "After two years in Colorado he recovered his 
 health and ministered at Lake Placid; in St. 
 George's Church, New York, as special preacher; 
 and at Christ Church, Fitchburg. He had just 
 accepted the call to the chaplaincy of Columbia 
 University when his health again failed, and after 
 a brave fight to overcome the disease, peacefully 
 entered into his rest August i6, 1910." 
 
 It was said of Mr. Stein by one who was his 
 intimate friend and associate: "He was a 
 preacher of most unusual power, with a message 
 he burned to give, and a vision of truth that 
 made him a leader of men. He loved God and 
 showed Him to men and led them to God." 
 
 It was the privilege of his congregation to hear 
 Mr. Stein preach a sermon in which he gave his 
 conception of the divine-human nature of Christ, 
 and pictured beautifully what might have been 
 the Savior's social demeanor and his recognition 
 of the courtesies and deferences of life as he 
 moved among men. The discourse was the ut- 
 terance of a man of genius, a poet, an inspired 
 interpreter of things sacrosanct. Three marvel- 
 ously profound and subtile religious essays by 
 him have been issued, bearing the impressive 
 titles, "Tuberculosis and the Road to Eldorado," 
 "The Conquest of Fate," and "An Insight." The 
 last named of these intensely sincere and soul- 
 searching inquiries Into the mystery of life, death, 
 and immortality closes with these comforting ad- 
 monitions : 
 
 "Oh, fellow bearers of the load we did not 
 choose, the load we fain would have some other 
 
 86 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 carry if we could — remember this — the burden 
 bearers help the world along. 
 
 "I know not how it is. I know not all the law. 
 I am only sure of this — the fight that each man 
 fights behind his chamber door for courage and 
 for patience and for faith, he fights not for him- 
 self alone, he fights for all mankind; he fights as 
 one who is a helper of his kind, as a blood brother 
 of that One who, in little Galilee, obscure, almost 
 alone, was wounded for our transgressions and 
 bruised for our iniquities, and who, upon the 
 cross, became the Burden Bearer of the human 
 race." 
 
 On the resignation of Mr. Stein, May i, 1900, 
 Mr. Nelson, assistant minister, was immediately 
 elected rector of Christ Church by a unanimous 
 vote of the Vestry. 
 
 Rev. Frank H. Nelson was born at Hartford, 
 Connecticut, September 6, 1869. He was edu- 
 cated at St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hamp- 
 shire, 1 8 83-1 8 86, and graduated at Hobart, with 
 the degree of B. A., in 1890; ordained deacon, 
 May 19, 1894, by Bishop Coxe; priest, 1897, by 
 Bishop H. C. Potter; and was assistant minister 
 in St. George's, New York, 1 894-1 899. On June 
 6, 1907, he was married, at Montclair, New Jer- 
 sey, to Miss Mary Eaton. 
 
 On April 30, 19 17, the degree of Master Ma- 
 son was conferred upon Mr. Nelson, the cere- 
 mony being conducted by ministers of various 
 Protestant denominations, and a beautiful Ma- 
 sonic emblem was presented to him by the Ma- 
 sonic members of his congregation. 
 
 Having shared the Church work with Mr. Stein 
 
 87 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 since May, 1899, and having discharged it all 
 since February 1900, Mr. Nelson was, of course, 
 familiar with the duties of the rectorship when 
 he entered formally upon the responsibilities of 
 that exacting office. Within the first year of his 
 service, beginning in July 1900, the Vestry called 
 to his assistance a most competent and judicious 
 helper, the Rev. John Howard Melish, who re- 
 mained with the Church four years and was then 
 called to the rectorship of Holy Trinity Church, 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 The condition of Christ Church in 1900, when 
 Mr. Nelson became its rector, was good, both 
 spiritually and temporally; the number of com- 
 municants had increased, the class prepared for 
 confirmation was the largest that had appeared 
 for many years, the organizations for special 
 work were active and enthusiastic, several new 
 clubs had been formed, the first annual report of 
 the Girls' Friendly Society showed that society 
 to have a large membership, and the Men's Club 
 commanded an attendance of 7,000 during the 
 year. Constantly every day and evening some 
 class, league, or order was holding its meeting 
 in the parish house, the committee in charge of 
 which that year issued its first annual report. 
 The keynote of the choral harmony of the "free" 
 religion was service. The object of the down- 
 town Church was declared to be "to leaven mod- 
 ern society with the spirit of brotherhood." "The 
 Church is not here for its own sake. It is to bear 
 witness and to spread a spirit," — so believed 
 those who heard and heeded the call of a Gos- 
 pel which transmuted contemplation into action. 
 
 As the months flew on, the Sunday School 
 88 
 
Rev. Alexis W. Stein 
 
 Rector 
 
 1898-1900 
 
 Rev. Robt. A. Gibson 
 
 Rector 
 
 1887-1897 
 
 Rev. Frank H. Nelson 
 Rector 
 1900- 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 grew In numbers and efficiency, classes were or- 
 ganized for the profounder study of the Bible, 
 aided by an illuminating lecture by Dr. Moulton, 
 of the University of Chicago, and, in general, 
 the letter which killeth gave way to the spirit 
 which maketh alive. 
 
 The annals of Christ Church, in 1902, record 
 in terras of deep grief and affection the decease of 
 three of the most prominent and valued mem- 
 bers of the Society and of the Vestry. One of 
 these, Samuel Perkins Bishop, died February i, 
 1902, at the advanced age of ninety-five, having 
 been indefatigable in his services to the parish 
 for more than sixty years. He acted as vestry- 
 man, trustee of the Endowment Fund, and was 
 treasurer for twenty years. The reverential es- 
 teem in which he was held is indicated by the 
 words inscribed upon the tablet dedicated to his 
 memory: "A man in strength, a child in spirit, 
 a saint In life, he walked before God in all his 
 ways." 
 
 Day Clifton Shears, an honored member of 
 the Vestry for five years, and a man universally 
 regarded as a model citizen and a consistent 
 Christian gentleman, died suddenly on March 27, 
 1902. 
 
 Larz Anderson, born January 9, 1843, ves- 
 tryman and senior warden in Christ Church for 
 twenty-four years, was all his life a member of 
 the Church. For a long period he was superin- 
 tendent of the Sunday School and, according to 
 the testimony of William Lytle Foster, he was 
 devoted to children, and, in turn, was loved by 
 them, as he was by all who knew him. His death 
 occurred on June 26, 1902. 
 
 89 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 "On the afternoon of Easter Sunday, 1902, a 
 stained glass window of beautiful design was un- 
 veiled in the church, having been presented by 
 the children of the Sunday School and mothers 
 in the parish, in memory of children nurtured in 
 Christ Church who have passed away from this 
 life." 
 
 In the same year the parochial work of the 
 clergy was greatly assisted by the accession to 
 their force of a deaconess and her associate. Miss 
 Theodora L. Paine and Miss Margaret Lloyd. 
 After three years of most efficient service. Miss 
 Paine resigned her position in Christ Church, 
 having accepted a mission in connection with the 
 Episcopal work in the diocese of Shanghai, China. 
 Her place was taken by Miss Margaretta S. 
 Grider. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Melish resigned as assistant 
 minister in 1904 to accept a call to become rector 
 of Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn,' New York, 
 and he was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Clyman 
 Campbell. 
 
 The firm and unvarying attitude held by the 
 rector in regard to the fundamental principles of 
 Christianity and the functions of the Church of 
 which he was the pastor is clearly stated in his 
 annual letter to the parishioners for the year 
 1905: 
 
 "We are here to help make this city a Chris- 
 tian city, in reality as well as in name. In every 
 way that the eye of faith can discern, it is our 
 calling to make men Christian, whether by social 
 service, by political activity, by self-consecration, 
 by preaching, by worship. We must interpret life 
 everywhere by the light of Jesus Christ. No life 
 
 90 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 is true that cannot bear that light. That is our 
 faith. The Church exists not for the salvation 
 of its members, but to enable them to bring the 
 salvation of God to all men, to all the activities 
 and interests of men. Therefore, we can never 
 rest content, never feel that we are doing all that 
 can be expected of us, until that work is at least 
 being consciously attempted. How pitifully weak 
 we are as yet is witnessed by the very small in- 
 fluence the Church exerts upon the actual stand- 
 ards of men. The great work of the world goes 
 forward with little or no regard to the voice of 
 the Church. Why? Because we Christians do 
 not dare to condemn manifest evils, do not dare 
 to preach the righteousness of Christ; because we 
 Christians are too busy quibbling over definitions 
 to speak strongly and clearly to the insidious and 
 demoralizing commercialism that is rotting char- 
 acter and dividing man from man; because we 
 Christians are fighting each other and neglect- 
 ing the great battle of faith against unfaith, of 
 righteousness against unrighteousness. When the 
 Church shall learn to put away self-seeking, and 
 work in singleness of heart for the Kingdom of 
 God and his righteousness, its word will have 
 power among men. 
 
 "May God give us strength here in Christ 
 Church to labor in this spirit, faith to speak 
 bravely and truly, love to serve unselfishly and 
 gladly, hoping for nothing in return for ourselves, 
 except more strength, more faith, more love, to 
 use our great opportunity worthily." 
 
 Commenting upon the invaluable assistance 
 which the deaconesses rendered to the clergy, as 
 an integral part of the parochial staff, the rector 
 
 91 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 explains that "In every organization among girls 
 and women, in Sunday School and Society and Va- 
 cation House, they play a part, and do an un- 
 ceasing work, sometimes as head, sometimes as 
 fellow workers. And then, in addition, they call, 
 call, call — on, the poor, the sick, the weary, the 
 distressed. Thousands of calls each year they 
 make, going from house to house throughout the 
 parish. And to them come those in need; they 
 minister to the needy, with money a little, with 
 care and sympathy and trained understanding a 
 great deal. And in addition they give instruction 
 to the girls and women who come to confirmation, 
 helping them to know and love the Church. This 
 is but a little of the work of their ministry, for a 
 ministry it truly is, and one whose value none can 
 estimate." 
 
 The clergy was increased in 1907 by the com- 
 ing of the Rev. William Henry Poole. In the 
 same year it was announced that a signal and most 
 unexpected benefaction was to be bestowed upon 
 the parish, and indirectly upon the city, by Mrs. 
 T. J. Emery, who, in memory of her late hus- 
 band, proposed that an entirely new parish house 
 should be built at her expense. 
 
 Of such paramount importance in the carrying 
 on of the purposes of the ever-multiplying organ- 
 izations co-operating with and extending the serv- 
 ices conducted within the Church proper is it, that 
 a detailed account of the essential features of the 
 parish house erected mainly in 1908, and com- 
 pleted January 30, 1909, is here given. The 
 original building, three stories in height, was dedi- 
 cated in February, 1900, and torn down in May, 
 1907, and the new structure covers the old lot 
 
 92 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 and twenty-seven feet seven inches more to the 
 east. The building committee consisted of Rev. 
 Frank H. Nelson, rector of Christ Church; Mr. 
 John F. Winslow, and Mr. Charles J. Livingood. 
 The architects were Elzner and Anderson, and 
 the architect's superintendent, Newton Tebow. 
 
 By the courtesy of Mr. Livingood, we have 
 freely made use of a paper entitled "The Build- 
 ing of a Parish House," which he read before 
 the "Literary Club of Cincinnati." 
 
 "We took our lesson," wrote Mr. Livingood, 
 "from many living models. The original parish 
 house, which had been torn down to make room 
 for this, had stood but eight short years, during 
 which it served the highest of all purposes, the 
 justification of an idea, yet by the end of that time 
 it had not only been outgrown, which was the real 
 reason for the rebuilding, but it had actually been 
 outworn. The practical lessons we learned from 
 it were these : that buildings settle, joints shrink, 
 soft wood mars easily, plaster cracks, brass tar- 
 nishes, corners gather dirt, and that of all build- 
 ings of a public character the parish house must 
 be made to withstand the greatest amount of wear 
 and tear. 
 
 "In rebuilding Christ Church Parish House, 
 the first problem, after the architectural design 
 which was suggested by the church adjoining and 
 developed into the beautiful projection before 
 you, with the tower binding church and parish 
 house together, was the problem of all problems, 
 the choice of proper materials. * * * 'Pq 
 secure a building that should be absolutely fire- 
 proof, free from settlement and from shrinkage, 
 unaffected by the vibrations of passing trolley 
 
 93 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 cars, and, chief, reason of all, a construction that 
 would protect the church in case of a devastating 
 fire, reinforced concrete was agreed upon as the 
 best material. 
 
 "The building is practically a monolith. Its 
 foundations are buried deep in the bed of gravel 
 that underlies this section of the city. * * * 
 The curtain-walls are of brick, and the concrete 
 itself is sheathed on the exterior with brick. * * * 
 The choice of a brick for the face of this par- 
 ticular building was no easy matter. Red pressed 
 brick was used in the old parish house, and their 
 smoothness and evenness made too strong a con- 
 trast against the adjoining church walls, which 
 have become pitted with age and decay, present- 
 ing a texture very difficult to match. * * * 
 The brick selected is of the 'corduroy' or ribbed 
 variety, a novelty in this city. It is an Ohio 
 product, the ribbing being an invention of a pro- 
 fessor in the Ohio State University. The dark- 
 brown color was intended to match the traditional 
 painting of the church front, and it was hoped 
 that the varying shades would produce a texture 
 in harmony with the older brick work. * * * 
 For the stone trim on the exteriors good granite 
 was used, Missouri red syenite taken from a well- 
 known quarry thirty miles southwest of St. Louis. 
 * * * The roofs of the building are primarily 
 great slabs of reinforced concrete, strong enough 
 to uphold the heaviest blanket of snow. * * * 
 If ever our city is free from soot, we shall have 
 a roof garden. 
 
 "The parish house of an institutional Church 
 is not only a club, but a social center or settle- 
 ment, conducted under the auspices of the Church. 
 
 94 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 "It has its lounging rooms, libraries, gymna- 
 sium, baths and locker rooms, bowling alleys, bil- 
 liard room, and play rooms, all especially de- 
 signed for the comfort, convenience, and enter- 
 tainment of its members who come and go at will 
 or attend regularly in groups. Provision must 
 be made for the accommodation of the individual 
 and large aggregations, for young and for old, 
 for both sexes. In this particular case there is 
 within the building not only an office, where the 
 business of the parish is conducted, but also the 
 living rooms of a rector and his assistants, who 
 may be called upon to render service at all hours. 
 In this case, too, the Church, Sunday School, and 
 Bible Classes are held in the auditorium, which 
 during the week is given over to theatricals, danc- 
 ing, entertainments, and lectures. 
 
 "Some of the special activities which find ex- 
 pression In Christ Church Parish House are these : 
 
 "A Men's Club, of some six hundred members, 
 which has its own room and library, where young 
 men congregate as at a club, to read, write, chat, 
 and take their ease, to play games and to be en- 
 tertained. 
 
 "A Boys' Club of about the same number, with 
 their own room, in which special efforts are made 
 to occupy the mind or fasten the attention on 
 healthful amusements, useful occupation of time, 
 or drills, exercises, etc. (Both have the use of 
 the gymnasium, but in season the activities of 
 these two groups are transferred in a measure to 
 the football and baseball field, to track athletics 
 In the open air, and to a camp on the Little 
 Miami.) 
 
 "A Girls' Friendly Society which, with its 
 
 95 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 branches, numbers over six hundred, in whose 
 suite of rooms a girl may come for rest and quiet 
 in the noon hour, for entertainment at night with 
 her associates, for sewing, chorus and dramatic 
 classes, to learn to cook, to dance, to teach. 
 
 "There is a Woman's Club, a Brotherhood of 
 St. Andrew, a Vacation School, and Kindergar- 
 ten, etc., etc. 
 
 "In the auditorium of Christ Church Parish 
 House we have a unique assembly hall for this 
 city, in that it is on a level with the street. Its 
 seating capacity is about 500. There are five 
 exits, two of them directly to the sidewalk of an 
 alley, and in addition there are two exits from 
 the stage. On the alley side there are store rooms 
 where supplies may be received by the wagon- 
 load, thus affording a distributing center, not too 
 public, for food and clothing in the event of a 
 flood or similar disaster calling for prompt as- 
 sistance to the poor of the parish. * * * 
 
 "While it is self-evident that all these oppor- 
 tunities for rest and recreation must be limited to 
 the use of the various organizations which call 
 the parish house their home, the location of the 
 building within the tenement and factory district, 
 yet close to the business center of the city, brings 
 with it many duties and responsibilities to the gen- 
 eral public. Christ Church long ago realized this 
 obligation. Its parish house has already become 
 a vital factor in the social life of the community." 
 
 The new parish house was dedicated January 
 30, 1909, Dr. Stanger and others delivering in- 
 teresting addresses, remlnlscential and prophet- 
 ical. The reorganized Parish House Committee 
 consisted of Mr. H. N. Bacon, Mr. W. L. Fos- 
 
 96 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 ter, Mr. J. W. Herron, Jr., Mr. Charles D. 
 Jones, Mr. C. J. Livingood, Rev. F. H. Nelson, 
 Mrs. J. J. Faran, Mrs. J. F. Winslow, Miss Dick- 
 son, Miss Goodall, Miss Gordon, and Miss Alice 
 Simrall. In their first published report they say: 
 "It may be of interest to know that an average 
 of fourteen hundred people meet in the building 
 each week regularly, and that fifteen hundred 
 men, women, boys, and girls meet in forty-eight 
 classes in the gymnasium every month." 
 
 The rector, congratulating his parishioners 
 upon "the most important event of the year," 
 said: "It presents to us a great opportunity and 
 a challenge to render vital service to the com- 
 munity. For this building is far from being for 
 our selfish convenience and enjoyment, or even 
 for the benefit of the Church. It stands for the 
 desire of the Church to do all it can to strengthen 
 the life of the city, by offering a center for social 
 intercourse, and so for social uplift. It is only 
 as we know one another, only as we realize our 
 essential unity, that we come to a knowledge both 
 of the strengths and the weaknesses of our mod- 
 ern life. There is no inspiration so great for 
 strong living as the intimate knowledge of the fine 
 way our fellow men in every walk of life are do- 
 ing their work, meeting their temptations, bravely 
 facing their problems. To realize our own one- 
 ness with them is a privilege; to share the com- 
 mon life, to enter into the common struggle, to 
 fight the common evils, is the Christian calling. 
 That is the opportunity and the challenge the par- 
 ish house gives us." 
 
 Mr. Howard N. Bacon, who as a lay worker 
 had joined the staff in 1908, was made manager 
 
 97 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 of the parish house, and put in general charge 
 of the organization for boys and young men. 
 The complete list of Church organizations at 
 the time embraced The Benevolent Society, The 
 Woman's Auxiliary, The Chancel Guild, The 
 Co-operative Society, The St. Giles Guild, The 
 Church Periodical Guild, The Mothers' Meeting, 
 The Woman's Club, The Men's Club, The Boys' 
 Clubs, The Girls' Friendly Society, The Brother- 
 hood of St. Andrew, and The Camp. These or- 
 ganizations were of definite and positive value. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Poole, assistant minister, resigned 
 his position December i, 1909, on being elected 
 rector of St. Paul's Church, Jackson, Michigan, 
 and Rev. H. Boyd Edwards, a graduate of the 
 Episcopal General Theological Seminary, was 
 chosen his successor. Miss Grider resigned her 
 place as a member of the staff in June, 19 10, to 
 accept from the Board of Missions an appoint- 
 ment at Nenana, in Bishop Rowe's diocese in 
 Alaska. About this time Miss Georgia Wilkie 
 and Miss Margaret McGuffey were added to 
 the staff in the place of Miss Lloyd and Miss 
 Grider. 
 
 In the Year Book for 19 10 the rector declares 
 that "Christ Church Is part of the city life," that 
 it "lives not for itself, or to itself, but to give its 
 best Influence to the spiritual consciousness of the 
 city. That Is the underlying purpose of all Its 
 works, the end to which every organization seeks 
 to minister." Some of the expressions of the 
 highest life of the community which may expect 
 the sympathy of the Church are mentioned, viz. : 
 The Anti-Tuberculosis League, The Juvenile 
 Court, The Fresh Air Society, The Kindergarten 
 
 98 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 Association, The Public Schools, The Play 
 Grounds, and Tenement House Reform. To- 
 day the list is even longer. 
 
 On the sixth of November, 1910, in his sixty- 
 fourth year, died Nathaniel Pendleton Dan- 
 dridge, the eminent Cincinnati physician and sur- 
 geon, a life-long member of Christ Church and 
 for twenty-one years one of its vestrymen. He was 
 a grandson of Colonel Nathaniel Greene Pendle- 
 ton, who himself had served the Church twenty- 
 three years as vestryman, junior warden, and 
 senior warden. In a beautiful memorial tribute 
 to Dr. Dandridge, prepared by his fellow mem- 
 bers of the Vestry, they say: "In a sense he was 
 born within the fold of Christ Church, a fact that 
 may in a measure account for his singular devo- 
 tion to her interests. To her support he gave 
 freely and unfailingly of his means. The aid of 
 his good counsel and wise judgment was hers al- 
 ways. His broad-minded Christianity was con- 
 spicuous, and his charitable disposition was an in- 
 spiration to good in others. His charming per- 
 sonality and nobility of character attracted to him 
 hosts of admirers, and enabled him to exercise a 
 powerful influence for good, which he never 
 failed to exert. Not only ourselves, but this 
 Church and community have sustained an irrep- 
 arable loss, and thousands honor his memory." 
 
 Within the same twelvemonth that calendared 
 the passing of Dr. Dandridge, the parishioners of 
 Christ Church mourned the death of two of the 
 former rectors : the Rev. I. Newton Stanger, who 
 died in Philadelphia, March 31, 191 1, and Rev. 
 Alexis W. Stein, who died August 16, 19 10, at 
 Saranac Lake, New York. 
 
 99 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Mrs. Aaron A. Ferris, for many years an ac- 
 tive member of the Church, zealously devoted to 
 its higher work, died on December 22, 191 1. 
 She was on the Ijoard of managers of the Help- 
 ing Hand Society and was long the treasurer of 
 the Ladies' Benevolent Society. In a memorial 
 tribute recorded in the Year Book, the rector 
 says: "For all the years of her connection with 
 the parish, she gave it her best interest and serv- 
 ice. Her strength of character, her whole-hearted 
 Christian faith, her fine integrity, were charac- 
 teristics that endeared her to all her friends." 
 
 In the year 191 2, the rector of Christ Church, 
 having been granted a leave of absence, went in 
 September to Rome, Italy, and on October i took 
 charge of St. Paul's Church, for which he func- 
 tioned as acting minister for seven months, until 
 May I, 1 9 13, while during this period the Rev. 
 Walter Lowrie, the rector of St. Paul's, coming 
 to Cincinnati, in exchange, administered a corre- 
 sponding service in Christ Church. 
 
 It is interesting and significant to compare or 
 contrast the conditions of parochial life and usage 
 in the Italian capital with those confronting an 
 American rector engaged in developing a Free 
 Church in a growing city in the democratic West. 
 Mr. Nelson returned to his native land more con- 
 vinced than ever, if that were possible, as he as- 
 sured his people, of the value and worth of such 
 work as they were trying to do, and of such an 
 interpretation of religion, and such an application 
 of it, as they were trying to make in Christ 
 Church. He observed that "In Rome the min- 
 istry is to individuals." That there "the Church 
 has and can have but little, if any, relation to the 
 
 100 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 community. Its members are not citizens, with 
 the responsibilities and relations of citizens. I 
 would not decry the value and need of this min- 
 istry, and the right of man to look for it and ex- 
 pect it. It is a universal ministry — a most neces- 
 sary and vital and valuable one. But in America, 
 and certainly in Christ Church, there is added the 
 opportunity and privilege of a ministry by the 
 Church, and by its members to the community as 
 well. It is a ministry that brings vitality to the 
 individual's faith and religious experience, and 
 gives the Church the sense of playing a real and 
 individual part in the life of the time. * * * 
 This thing we have come to call 'Social Service' 
 is but the ancient love of our neighbor that Christ 
 puts beside the love of God. And so, to keep the 
 whole community to a higher plane of living; to 
 be ready to help, in any possible way, to make the 
 city cleaner, healthier, happier, juster; to co- 
 operate with every sort of effort for these ends; 
 to be interested in good government, in play- 
 grounds, in the fight against tuberculosis, in the 
 cleansing of tenements, in better schools, in effi- 
 cient nursing of the sick, in promoting mutual ac- 
 quaintance and friendliness among the people, is 
 to be religious and believe in God." 
 
 After three years of efficient service as a mem- 
 ber of the clergy. Rev. H. Boyd Edwards re- 
 signed his position upon the staff, as assistant min- 
 ister, to accept an appointment to St. Michael's 
 Church, Milton, Massachusetts; and his place 
 was taken in Christ Church by the Rev. James 
 Monroe Collins, a graduate of the University of 
 Pennsylvania and of the Philadelphia Divinity 
 School. 
 
 lOI 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 On All Saints Day, 19 13, a memorial window 
 of beautiful design was dedicated to Rev. Alexis 
 Stein in an eloquent eulogy by the Rev. John 
 Howard Melish, of Brooklyn. 
 
 Christ Church and the community in general 
 suffered a severe bereavement on account of the 
 sudden death of John Flack Winslow at his resi- 
 dence in Cincinnati on April 4, 19 13. Born In 
 1855, he was educated at Exeter Academy and 
 Harvard University, and was also a graduate of 
 Cincinnati Law School. The Wardens and Vestry 
 of Christ Church, summarizing his many accom- 
 plishments In their affectionate tribute to his mem- 
 ory; testify that, "Outside of his membership In 
 the Vestry of Christ Church, it Is fitting to record 
 that Mr. Winslow was recognized as a lawyer of 
 fine abilities; that he was a man of more than or- 
 dinary attainments In genuine scholarship ; that his 
 wide and critical knowledge of art, literature, and 
 affairs of every-day life made him a most con- 
 genial and instructive companion to friends. In 
 his death not only the Church, but the city of his 
 home, has lost a true and patriotic citizen." To 
 this testimony history may well add the words of 
 his friend and pastor, who In a brief characteri- 
 zation of Mr. Winslow says: "His clear judg- 
 ment, his unfailing courtesy, his high Ideals, his 
 strong democracy were ever of Invaluable service 
 In the deliberations of the Vestry. He judged 
 all questions by the highest standards. His 
 friendship was a very precious possession and is 
 a priceless memory." 
 
 In the same year her numerous friends and ac- 
 quaintances, both within and without the wide 
 circle of her Church associations, were over- 
 
 102 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 whelmed with grief by tidings of the decease of 
 Mrs. C. W. WooUey, one of the oldest members 
 of Christ Church, and one who, from her child- 
 hood, had consecrated her life to "whatsoever 
 things are true, whatsoever things are honest, 
 whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are 
 pure, whatsoever things are lovely." 
 
 Mrs. WooUey died May 9, 1913. 
 
 January 28th, 29th, and 30th, 1914, were gala 
 days In the parish of Christ Church because of 
 the very successful Parish House Festival, held 
 during that period, which not only gave occasion 
 for general rejoicing, but Incidentally added about 
 $11,000 to the Parish House Endowment Fund. 
 The year was memorable also for the series of 
 organ recitals, Including a notable concert by Mr. 
 Lemare, given partly in celebration of the acquisi- 
 tion of a magnificent new church organ. 
 
 But again the shadow of death overcast the 
 House of God and brought sorrow to young and 
 old. On February 13, 19 14, the Church lost one 
 of its most beloved members, Mrs. Louise N. 
 Anderson. The rector in his annual letter ex- 
 pressed the feeling of hundreds when he wrote: 
 "It Is hard to think of the Church as without her 
 presence and help and enthusiasm. In all that 
 concerned it she was most deeply interested, as 
 Indeed In all that expressed the higher life of the 
 city. * * * She was one of the first asso- 
 ciates In our branch of the Girls' Friendly So- 
 ciety. She organized the Chorus Group, leading 
 it herself for many years, and making it a center 
 of musical interest and education. * * * Hers 
 was a very noble life, and she ennobled life for 
 all who knew her." 
 
 103 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Within less than eight months after the decease 
 of Mrs. Anderson the Church suffered an over- 
 whelming bereavement in the sudden death of her 
 sister, Mrs. James Wayne Neff, who died Sep- 
 tember 24, 1 9 14. In the Year Book for 19 14 
 the rector, again representing his parishioners 
 and the community in general, wrote : "It was 
 a very great shock to all of us in Christ Church, 
 and an irreparable loss. Her intense interest in 
 all that concerned the Church, her loyalty, her 
 unflagging work for very many years, her effi- 
 ciency, her cheer, her power of friendship, made 
 her the beloved and trusted woman she was. 
 * * * I hope that soon a way will be found, 
 through some memorial, to perpetuate her mem- 
 ory and that of her sister, Mrs. Anderson, for 
 we who knew and loved them cannot think of the 
 one without the other, so that the coming gen- 
 erations shall know whence come some of the 
 richness of spiritual experience that is theirs." 
 
 Still again the angel of death invaded the pale 
 of Christ Church, summoning another beautiful 
 character to the mystery of the hereafter. Once 
 more the testimony of her friend and pastor shall 
 be heard in memoriam: "In the death of Mrs. 
 Lewis W. Irwin, Christ Church and all of us per- 
 sonally have suffered a very great loss. From 
 childhood a member of the parish, she grew in 
 grace and the knowledge of the Lord Jesus 
 Christ through all her years. * * * Until her 
 health failed she was always present In her place 
 in the church. She gave not only her time and 
 strength, but her great ability, to the Benevolent 
 Society, the Woman's Auxiliary, the Chancel 
 Guild, the Sunday School, the Girls' Friendly 
 
 104 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 Society, within the parish, and to the Children's 
 Hospital, the Woman's Auxiliary, and the Girls' 
 Friendly Society, outside of it. It was a most 
 rare and noble life of service, and how she ac- 
 complished so much, and so fully, is a continuing 
 wonder." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Collins resigned his position as 
 assistant minister, October 23, 19 15, to become 
 assistant rector of Christ Church, Detroit, and 
 the Rev. Thomas W. Attridge, a graduate of 
 Cambridge Theological School, joined the cler- 
 ical staff of Christ Church, Cincinnati, July i, 
 1915. He had been associated up to that time 
 with the Rev. H. Boyd Edwards in Milton, Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 That the eighteen years which measure the 
 period that has elapsed since the founding of the 
 free system of managing the financial affairs of 
 a church organization have not disappointed the 
 expectations of the members of the Episcopal 
 Society of Christ Church, Cincinnati, may be in- 
 ferred from the recorded facts proving that the 
 voluntary contributions to the Church and the 
 Parish House within those years have been nu- 
 merous and liberal beyond former example. 
 
 To render this general statement clear, there 
 has been collected from the Year Books, begin- 
 ning with that issued in 1899, an approximately 
 complete list of the several gifts that have come 
 to the Church from her grateful children. On 
 May I, 1899, Rev. Alexis W. Stein, then being 
 rector, an Easter offering of $20,000 was enthu- 
 siastically bestowed by the parishioners as a fund 
 to provide for the building the first parish house. 
 
 On May i, 1900, the wardens reported that a 
 105 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 gift of $i,ooo was contributed on Easter toward 
 increasing the Endowment Fund, by Mr. Larz 
 Anderson. 
 
 The Year Book of 1901, compiled by Rev. 
 Frank H. Nelson, announced that a gift of 
 $1,000 had been presented by Mr. W. A. Proc- 
 ter in memory of his mother, to be expended in 
 carrying on the work of the parish house. Mr. 
 Procter donated the same amount annually for 
 seven years — 1901-1907. 
 
 It is recorded in the Year Book for 1904 that 
 Mrs. L. H. Slade has continued her generous 
 gift to the Endowment Fund, though the amount 
 of the contribution is not stated. A year later, 
 in her will, Mrs. Slade bequeathed $1,000 to the 
 Endowment Fund. 
 
 The Year Book for 1905 announced that Mr. 
 A. Howard Hinkle had given a camp on the 
 Miami River, with a club house thereon, to the 
 parish house. 
 
 About the same date the children of Mrs. Na- 
 thaniel Foster, in memory of their mother, gave 
 $4,300 for the Endowment Fund. 
 
 In 1905, Mrs. Sally B. Williams, fifty years 
 a communicant of the Church, gave in her will 
 $600 — $300 to the Endowment Fund, and $100 
 to each of three of the organizations of the Parish 
 House. 
 
 Mrs. Mary M. Emery bore the expense of 
 building the new parish house and gave the lot 
 upon which it stands. Year Book, 1906, states 
 that Miss Mary Hanna gave the free use of her 
 home on East Fourth Street, pending the erection 
 of the parish house. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Lee Cassily (Year Book, 1907) 
 
 106 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 by her will gave 300 shares of First National 
 Bank stock, valued at $75,000, the Income from 
 which is to be used for missionary work carried 
 on by the parish. 
 
 At about the same time the children of Dr. and 
 Mrs. N. P. Dandrldge, as a memorial to their 
 parents, presented the Church with an additional 
 silver flagon for the communion. 
 
 In 1908 anonymous subscriptions amounting 
 to $1,000 were given toward paying the cost of 
 a new altar. 
 
 Mrs. Larz Anderson, In memory of her de- 
 ceased husband, Larz Anderson, in 1908 gave 
 $500 for the purchase of flowers for the Chil- 
 dren's Easter Festival. "This beautiful custom 
 (of supplying flowers for the Children's Easter 
 Festival) was originated by Mr. Anderson, and 
 it is most fitting that through all the years to 
 come his name should be most intimately con- 
 nected with the festival." 
 
 In 1909 Mrs. Mary Cleneay Johnstone and 
 Mrs. H. Q. Cleneay, as a memorial to their 
 mother, Mrs. G. W. Cleneay, gave to the Church 
 four sets of prayer books and hymnals for the 
 altar and clergy stalls. 
 
 Rev. and Mrs. C. K. Benedict, In memory of 
 Mrs. Olivia Procter, gave in 1909 $1,000 for 
 the parish house. The same amount, and In the 
 same beloved memory, has been given annually 
 since. 
 
 The Misses Guerin gave In 19 10 "Two large 
 and handsome brass altar vases" to the Church. 
 
 The Year Book for 19 10 records that "two 
 gifts of money have started a much-needed En- 
 dowment Fund for the maintenance of the parish 
 
 107 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 house": (i) $ioo from Mr. Benj. W. Strader 
 and (2) $10,000 from Mrs. J. S. Neave, in 
 memory of her husband. 
 
 In 191 1 the Year Book records, as a memorial 
 to Mrs. Virginia Harriet Van Voast, by her 
 daughter, the gift of a Bible for the lecturn — a 
 very handsome edition of the Revised Version. 
 
 In 19 1 2 the Year Book mentions an unusual 
 number of generous Qfferings. Mrs. Otto Stein 
 gave a beautiful prayer book and Bible for use 
 in the pulpit and consecrated to the memory of 
 Helen Louisa Stein. 
 
 Miss Leona C. Frank donated $100 to the En- 
 dowment Fund, also in memory of Helen Louisa 
 Stein. 
 
 Mrs. A. Howard Hinkle gave $10,000 to be 
 known as the A. Howard Hinkle Fund, the in- 
 come of which is to be given the rector for his 
 discretionary fund for the present. Ultimately 
 it is to be appropriated to the maintenance of the 
 Church. 
 
 Mrs. W. P. Anderson gave $300 to the En- 
 dowment Fund in memory of Rev. Alexis W. 
 Stein. 
 
 Mrs. J. F. Winslow gave a lot in Spring Grove 
 Cemetery in memory of her sister, Sally Coles 
 Stevenson Colston. The lot is to be reserved as a 
 place for the proper burial of the Church's poor. 
 
 Dr. Frank Brunning, by his will, left $1,000 
 to the Church, the income of which goes to the 
 maintenance of the parish house. 
 
 Mrs. Mary M. Emery, in 191 2, presented the 
 Church with a magnificent new organ, which was 
 installed in 19 13. 
 
 The church was furnished with an entire new 
 
 108 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 floor and appropriate carpeting by the senior 
 warden, Mr. Frank J. Jones, and Mrs. Jones, in 
 1912. 
 
 Mrs. A. Howard Hinkle, in 19 13, deeded to 
 the Church the Athletic Field in the Miami Val- 
 ley, rebuilt the fence around the property, and 
 erected a club house. 
 
 The Year Book for 19 14 records the presenta- 
 tion by Mrs. H. Q. Cleneay and Miss Sarah H. 
 Woolley, in memory of their mother, Mrs. Wool- 
 ley, of two carved oak kneeling stools. 
 
 Mrs. Mary M. Emery provided for ice-water 
 drinking fountains throughout the parish house 
 and on the street in front of the building, and for 
 the replacement of chairs in the auditorium of the 
 parish house. She also added to the fund started 
 by Miss Ida Liebenberg the amount sufficient to 
 complete the new tile floor in the vestibule of the 
 church. 
 
 On November 26, 19 16, the congregation of 
 Christ Church decided to raise $25,000 by sub- 
 scriptions to build a chapel on property in the 
 rear of the church recently purchased and given 
 to it by Mrs. Emery. 
 
 One of the most accomplished, highly esteemed, 
 and public-spirited citizens of Cincinnati, a man 
 endeared to all who were in any way related to 
 the work of Christ Church and parish house, 
 was William Lytle Foster, who died at his home. 
 Oak and May Streets, Walnut Hills, January 31, 
 19 1 7, aged fifty years. The lines of the poet 
 Halleck may be applied to him with literal pro- 
 priety: 
 
 "None knew thee but to love thee. 
 Nor named thee but to praise." 
 109 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 He was a member of a family distinguished in 
 the early history of the Ohio Valley, and espe- 
 cially in Cincinnati, a son of Dr. Nathaniel Fos- 
 ter and Mrs. Josephine Lytle Foster, a nephew 
 of General William Haines Lytle, the poet, a 
 grandson of Robert Todd Lytle, and a great- 
 grandson of General William Lytle, Surveyor 
 General of the Northwest Territory, and the only 
 brother of Mrs. Charles J. Livingood. 
 
 Mr. Foster was graduated from Williams Col- 
 lege in the class of 1890. A most accurate and 
 vigilant man of practical affairs, Mr. Foster was 
 identified with several successful business enter- 
 prises, having been secretary of the Blymyer Bell 
 Foundry Company, in which he was a stock- 
 holder, and for ten years he was superintendent 
 of the American Telephone and Telegraph Com- 
 pany. A sympathetically appreciative sketch of 
 his career, published (with a portrait) in the 
 Social Service News, records that he lived his 
 whole life in Cincinnati and devoted his best 
 strength and energies, his fine gifts and true- 
 hearted faith to the service of his city. "A mem- 
 ber of Christ Church," this testimony adds, "he 
 served it first and last and always. A member 
 of the Vestry, secretary of the parish, treasurer 
 and teacher in the Sunday School, a member of 
 the Executive Committee of the Men's Club 
 from its start in 1900, and of the Century Club, 
 he yet found time and place for service in the 
 larger life of his city. He was a member and 
 treasurer of the Hospital Social Service Asso- 
 ciation, of the Executive Committee of the 
 Bethany Home for Boys, one of the hardest and 
 most faithful workers in each of the campaigns 
 
 no 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 for federated giving of the Council of Social 
 Agencies, and a member of many other organi- 
 zations. He took his freedom from business not 
 as an opportunity for self-indulgence, but for 
 helping the common life. 
 
 "A man of the purest personal character, 
 deeply and sincerely religious, of unshakable in- 
 tegrity, of great modesty, courteous always under 
 all circumstances to all people, his death removes 
 from the city a kind of man Cincinnati can ill 
 afford to lose." 
 
 When, in April, 19 17, it was officially an- 
 nounced that the Government recognized the ex- 
 istence of a state of war, arraying our country 
 against Germany, the Vestry of Christ Church, 
 at a regular meeting, adopted the following reso- 
 lution : 
 
 "Whereas, The Congress of the United States 
 hath, by resolution, declared that a state of war 
 exists between our country and the Imperial Ger- 
 man Government, which resolution has been ap- 
 proved by the President; and, 
 
 "Whereas, By this momentous step our coun- 
 try is made a participant in the war that is waging 
 on the continent of Europe; 
 
 "Now, therefore, we do recognize in said 
 declaration a call to our country to do the work 
 that God has in store for it to do in defending 
 Christianity, protecting the innocent, expanding 
 civil liberty, and opening wide the gateway to an 
 earlier and more enduring peace ; and our prayer 
 is that these ends be accomplished speedily." 
 
 The meeting took further action by the motion : 
 
 "Be it resolved, by the Wardens and Vestry 
 of Christ Episcopal Church, of Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 
 III 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 that the rector be, and he is hereby authorized, 
 to offer to the authorities of the United States 
 the use of the parish house, and to pledge to the 
 authorities the services of the members of the 
 parish for such service as they are capable of ren- 
 dering. 
 
 "Be it further resolved, that the rector be 
 authorized to place this offer before such authori- 
 ties as will render it effective, the details of the 
 use to which the parish house shall be put to be 
 left entirely to the rector's discretion." 
 
 On July 6, 19 17, the following preamble and 
 resolution were adopted by the Vestry: 
 
 "Whereas, The Reverend Frank H. Nelson, 
 our beloved rector, has been made chaplain of a 
 Hospital Unit to serve our soldiers in the present 
 war; therefore be it 
 
 "Resolved, That this Vestry does heartily ap- 
 prove the patriotic course he has taken, and does 
 assure iiim that his salary as rector of this Church 
 shall suffer no diminution in consequence thereof, 
 and that he is granted the necessary leave of ab- 
 sence." 
 
 The hundredth anniversary of the founding of 
 Christ Church was commemorated in a celebra- 
 tion beginning on Saturday afternoon, May 12, 
 1917, and lasting an entire week. The varied 
 program of social rejoicing and special centennial 
 service was carried out as officially announced, 
 opening with a dramatic, historical pageant play 
 given in the auditorium of the parish house, the 
 seventy-five or one hundred characters repre- 
 sented on the stage personated by boys and girls 
 belonging to the Sunday School, in appropriate 
 costume, presenting a picturesque appearance, 
 
 112 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 and performing their parts with pleasing effect 
 under the skillful, artistic direction of Miss Doro- 
 thy Sattler, author of the play, which was a 
 charming resume of leading events in the history 
 of Christ Church and of Cincinnati within the 
 century. Among the striking pictures repro- 
 ducing local scenes was the interior of Dr. Daniel 
 Drake's parlor, in which Bishop Chase organized 
 the Parish of Christ Church, May i8, 1817. 
 
 The music accompanying this delightful enter- 
 tainment by the junior organizations was fur- 
 nished by the orchestra of the Conservatory of 
 Music, under the leadership of Mr. Tirindelli. 
 
 The second day of the celebration, Sunday, 
 May 13, was devoted to appropriate centennial 
 services in the church, beginning in the morning 
 with corporate communion of the parish, fol- 
 lowed by an address by the rector, the Rev. Frank 
 H. Nelson. 
 
 An inspiring sermon, suitable to the occasion, 
 was delivered by the Rt. Rev. Charles D. Wil- 
 liams, D. D., Bishop of Michigan, based upon the 
 two texts: "Greet the Church that is at their 
 house," Romans 16:5; and "The Church of the 
 living God, the pillar and ground of the truth," 
 First Epistle to Timothy 3:15. The main theme 
 of his discourse was the foundation and spirit of 
 the modern Church, which, the speaker declared, 
 must be a living, dynamic and vital, not a static 
 institution; she ought to inspire all her children 
 with a burning zeal for public righteousness and 
 common service; she is set here as the pillar and 
 ground of truth. 
 
 In the afternoon, at 4 o'clock, a "Children's 
 Service" was held, when an address was made 
 
 113 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 by the Rev. William H. Poole, St. Paul's Church, 
 Jackson, Michigan. Mr. Poole had been assist- 
 ant minister in Christ Church, 1 906-1 910, and 
 he was much honored and loved in Cincinnati. 
 His subject, "Nehemiah Building the Walls," 
 was very attractively presented, his appeal con- 
 cluding with the words: "This old Church has 
 stood here now for a century; and we mean by 
 the Church, not the building, but the congrega- 
 tion. It has been its purpose to help develop men 
 and women as to their bodies, their minds, and 
 their souls. You are now members of this con- 
 gregation. It is your duty to help build the wall 
 as well as to take advantage of its defense. If 
 you go out from here week by week and play your 
 part well among those with whom you mingle, as 
 you are clean and straight and industrious and 
 honest in your daily work, as you do something to 
 make the world better, that is outside your regu- 
 lar occupation as you work constantly and con- 
 tinuously for all that is good, you will be like Ne- 
 hemiah, builders of walls that will defend the city, 
 the community, and the nation against their ene- 
 mies." 
 
 The sermon of the evening of Sunday, May 13, 
 was by the Rev. J. H. Melish, rector of Holy 
 Trinity Church, Brooklyn, New York, who was 
 assistant minister in Christ Church for the years 
 1900-1904. His topic was, "The Holy City," 
 suggested by the text, "And I saw the Holy City," 
 Rev. 21:2. Mr. Melish Impressively discussed 
 some aspects of the ideal life of American cities 
 of to-day, summing up his conclusions In these 
 sentences : 
 
 "Had the men of yesterday foreseen that these 
 114 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 cities would grow to their present proportions, 
 would they not have planned some things very 
 differently? Shall not we who suffer from their 
 short-sightedness also profit by it, and, with the 
 inevitable future in mind, so build that our chil- 
 dren shall rise up and call us blessed? We can 
 build its homes and factories, its streets and 
 playgrounds and schools so that physical health 
 and artistic beauty shall be attained no less than 
 utility. We can lay the foundation of civic hon- 
 esty and integrity so strongly and firmly that it 
 will carry every public service in which the com- 
 munity may care to undertake, with honor and 
 respect. It lies within our power to achieve just 
 social order wherein every man shall receive the 
 full product of his toil and no man shall be de- 
 prived of an opportunity to eat his bread in the 
 sweat of his brow. Ours, too, is the opportunity 
 to increase and multiply the spirit of compassion 
 which shall some day make the community the 
 'union of all who love in the service of all who 
 suffer.' These four qualities of health and beauty, 
 of honesty, of justice and compassion, now seen 
 so often apart and at times antagonistic, belong 
 together, like splendid jewels set in a diadem. 
 They form together the Holy City." 
 
 Monday evening was appropriated to an im- 
 portant social event, a reception for all the people 
 connected with the parish as well as invited guests. 
 They assembled in the auditorium of the parish 
 house, which was beautifully decorated for the oc- 
 casion with trailing smilax, floral adornments, 
 flags, and bannerettes. An orchestra, screened by 
 a lattice embowered by vines, supplied music. 
 
 The receiving line included the clergy and the 
 
 "5 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 vestry, with their wives and a few other specially 
 distinguished persons. Between the hours of 
 eight and ten the company adjourned to the 
 church to listen to the reading of several letters 
 from prominent men and to several short 
 speeches. Complimentary letters were received 
 by the rector from the Presiding Bishop of the 
 Episcopal Church, the Rt. Rev. Daniel S. Tuttle, 
 D. D., St. Louis, Missouri; from the Rt. Rev. 
 Robert A. Gibson, D. D., Bishop of Virginia, 
 who from 1887 to 1897 was the rector of Christ 
 Church; and from Bishop F. K. Brooke, of To- 
 peka, Kansas, a son of the Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 After reading these communications to the audi- 
 ence, Mr. Nelson delivered an extremely inter- 
 esting and illuminating address on the develop- 
 ment of Christ Church within the one hundred 
 years from its founding to the present day. This 
 address was followed by a brilliant and humorous 
 reminiscential and highly suggestive speech from 
 Mr. Edward Colston. 
 
 The next speaker was Miss M. S. Grider, for 
 years a prominent woman worker in the parish of 
 Christ Church, and afterwards one of the Epis- 
 copal Bishop's staff in Alaska. Her gracious and 
 inspiring address concluded with the words: 
 "May the women of Christ Church take courage 
 and go forward in the future with a greater zeal 
 and vision than they have had ever in the past." 
 
 The last speech of the occasion was by the Rev. 
 John F. Herget, pastor of the Ninth Street Bap- 
 tist Church, who had recently been made chap- 
 lain of the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry. In closing his remarks, he said: "We 
 are gathered here to-night with happy hearts, with 
 
 116 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 bright faces, as we look at the past, as we think 
 of the present, as we guess about the future ; and 
 across the waters at the present time there lies 
 a dark shadow over every heart, and every home, 
 and every face. I have said to myself, 'Is it 
 possible that one year hence that same shadow 
 will lie across every heart, and every home, and 
 every face in all our land? Yes, it is possible, it 
 would seem so.' And that reminds me of the 
 fact that the situation which is presented to us in 
 the present struggle in which the whole world is 
 involved will offer to the Churches of the Lord 
 Jesus Christ the largest opportunity they have 
 ever had for ministry in all the history of the 
 world, to heal the wounds that have been made, 
 to replace international distress and hatred with 
 international confidence and brotherliness and 
 love ; and God grant that in this hour of crisis in 
 the world's history this Church and all the other 
 Churches may be girded with divine strength 
 and power to face the issues which lie before us, 
 to do the work of our Master in the rebuilding 
 and in the reconstruction of all human society 
 that must necessarily follow the issue of the pres- 
 ent conflict." 
 
 Under the auspices of the Men's Club and the 
 Girls' Friendly Society, for the members and their 
 friends, a reception and dance was held in the 
 parish house on Tuesday evening, with brief in- 
 formal speeches of congratulation and encourage- 
 ment by Rev. W. H. Poole and Miss Geraldine 
 Gordon, Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 Wednesday was also a gala day, devoted 
 mainly to the Parish Boatride on the steamer 
 Island Queen, about twelve hundred persons tak- 
 
 117 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 ing the excursion to Coney Island, and to Fern- 
 bank Dam and return. 
 
 On Thursday morning, Ascension Day services 
 were conducted in the church, the rector deliver- 
 ing the sermon. 
 
 In the evening the Century Club of Christ 
 Church gave a banquet at the Hotel Gibson, on 
 which occasion Mr. Edward Colston was toast- 
 master, and memorable addresses were delivered 
 by Mr. Edward Worthington, Rev. Charles 
 Frederic Goss, Dr. W. S. Rainsford, and Rev. 
 F. H. Nelson. The occasion was a very notable 
 one and all the proceedings were reported by a 
 stenographer and are preserved in typewritten 
 copy, deposited in the archives of the Church. 
 
 Friday, May i8, dawned a bright and lovely 
 spring day, and at 9 o'clock A. M. a goodly con- 
 course of grateful worshipers partook of the 
 Holy Communion in the sanctuary endeared to 
 them by a thousand hallowed associations. When 
 the hour for celebrating the festival service for 
 the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the 
 Church arrived, a large congregation occupied 
 the pews, and the rector, assisted by numerous 
 visiting clergy reverently conducted the intro- 
 ductory ceremonies of Scripture reading and 
 prayers. At this solemn and impressive service, 
 as on other occasions of divine worship during 
 the centennial celebration, sacred music of the most 
 appropriate character was rendered by the ex- 
 cellent choir of the Church, under the leadership 
 of the choirmaster, Edward W. Glover, and with 
 the masterly support of the organist, Mr. Yoakley. 
 The anniversary sermon, the comprehensive sub- 
 ject of which was "The Continuity of the Church," 
 
 118 
 
Christ Church Chapel 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 an eloquent discourse, was preached by Rt. Rev. 
 Boyd Vincent, D. D., Bishop of Southern Ohio, 
 from the text, "Here we have no continuing city; 
 but we seek one to come," Hebrews 13 : 14, a 
 discourse which held the absorbed attention of 
 every listener from the first syllable to the last 
 and left a profound and lasting impression on 
 the congregation. 
 
 After the singing of the Recessional Hymn the 
 audience filed out of the church, and many found 
 their way by a side passage to an area near the 
 rear of the edifice, where they witnessed the lay- 
 ing of the cornerstone of a chapel to be erected 
 on property purchased by Mrs. Mary M. Emery 
 and presented to Christ Church. The ceremony 
 of laying the cornerstone was conducted by the 
 rector. 
 
 Such improvements as this chapel, which will 
 be a noble structure of its kind, especially in its 
 interior decorative effects, the scheme being of 
 the English Gothic style of architecture, appeal- 
 ing to the more exalted religious aspirations and 
 to the corresponding principles of sacred art, nat- 
 urally induces meditation upon her past history 
 and the spiritual aims of the expanding Church 
 Society, and causes speculation concerning its fu- 
 ture development. While Christ Church seems 
 never to have confined its theory or its Christian 
 practice within the severe limits of sectarian defi- 
 nition, yet the essential motives and convictions of 
 the men and women of "light and leading" who 
 have given this institution its distinctive character, 
 have often been announced from its pulpit and are 
 vitally operative in the thinking and conduct of its 
 members. 
 
 119 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Perhaps an approximation to the working creed 
 of this modern, down-town Episcopal Church of 
 to-day may be gathered from the pages of a 
 booklet recently issued with the approval of its 
 clergy and under the auspices of a committee 
 authorized by the Vestry of Christ Church. From 
 this little book (copyrighted in 19 17) a few pas- 
 sages may here be quoted as a fitting conclusion 
 to this chapter: 
 
 "Christ Church, for one hundred years an 
 equal sharer in the community life of Cincinnati, 
 realizes the increasing responsibilities of institu- 
 tions to men in daily life, and seeks to align its 
 great past with forward-looking men, to the end 
 that the future may place upon It Increasing op- 
 portunities for helpfulness." 
 
 "Christ Church stands for the Higher Good. 
 It Is intolerant only of Intolerance. It Is a foe 
 to compromise. It believes in the indomitable 
 soul. It strives for righteousness. It acknowl- 
 edges its debt as Its brother's keeper. The for- 
 tieth chapter of Isaiah Is to Christ Church a clar- 
 ion call to duty which it will not shirk — 'Comfort 
 ye, comfort ye, my people, saith your God.' " 
 
 "Christ Church believes that effort is achieve- 
 ment; that he who does the utmost that he can 
 will sometimes do more; that spiritual fidelity is 
 for many an ultimate fact in our modern life; 
 that a high comradeship with one's self and one's 
 fellows is possible amid the somberness of daily 
 toil. Christ Church is working with hand, heart, 
 and mind to make these truths plain." 
 
 "To foster the Spirit of Man among men; to 
 give the emphasis of the under statement; to pave 
 
 120 
 
GROWTH OF THE FREE CHURCH 
 
 the way for intellectual honesty; to help the un- 
 derstanding heart and the courageous soul; to 
 provide a breathing place and a wider reach for 
 aspiration amid the storm and stress of mental 
 and physical To-day — 
 
 Christ Church Stands. 
 
 Accept its hospitality." 
 
 121 
 
VI 
 Music in Christ Church 
 
 IN a Vestry meeting held on the evening of 
 February i6, 1819, a subscription was started 
 for the purpose of buying an organ for the use 
 of the recently formed Episcopal Society of Christ 
 Church, then worshiping in a Baptist meeting- 
 house located on West Sixth Street. A suitable 
 instrument was promptly procured, doubtless much 
 to the gratification of the voluntary choristers, 
 whose performance, according to the published re- 
 port of their pastor, Rev. Samuel Johnston, was 
 very creditable to themselves and the congrega- 
 tion. The first organist was Mrs. Adams. 
 
 That Cincinnati, in a comparatively early period 
 in her history, fostered musical societies of ambi- 
 tious aspiration, and that these were encouraged 
 by the Episcopal people, may be inferred from an 
 interesting episode in the relations of Christ 
 Church with one of the secular organizations to 
 which allusion has been made. In the year 1822 
 a communication written by Mr. Thomas L. Paine 
 in behalf of the Haydn Society of the city of Cin- 
 cinnati, addressed to a committee consisting of 
 Mr. John P. Foote and others, these proposals: 
 "The Haydn Society will place their organ in the 
 Episcopal Church and give the use of it to the 
 Church on Sundays and other days of service on 
 condition of being allowed the use of the gallery 
 of the church for their meetings for improvement 
 
 122 
 
MUSIC IN CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 and the whole church for their oratorios, during 
 one year from the time that may be agreed upon ; — 
 they will also, at their own expense, make such al- 
 terations as may be necessary in the orchestra of 
 the church, under the direction of the Vestry. They 
 are further willing to take the organ at present in 
 the church and put it in a place of safety, and re- 
 turn it in as good condition as it is at present, pro- 
 vided they are allowed to use or rent said organ 
 during the time of the agreement." A committee 
 from the Vestry reported that they were of the 
 opinion it would be conducive to the interest of the 
 Church that the plans proposed should be accepted. 
 
 On August 2, 1 823, Mr. Luman Watson was al- 
 lowed, as a balance on the purchase price of the 
 church organ, the sum of $133.33, with interest 
 from October 4, 1820. Later it was determined 
 that Mr. Foote and Mr. Doane be a committee to 
 confer with Luman Watson and the Haydn So- 
 ciety on the disposition to be made of the organ 
 belonging to the church and to do whatever might 
 be necessary in relation to the same. 
 
 It is not surprising that in our fathers' days of 
 enforced economy, well-nigh a century ago, when a 
 rector's salary ran as low as five hundred dollars, 
 the services of a competent organist or choir leader 
 could be secured by a church for a very small com- 
 pensation. In those self-sacrificing years when the 
 young men and women of Christ Church were 
 giving their personal energies gratis to the main- 
 tenance of a reliable choir, the organist, Mr. James 
 H. Baker, offered his services at a salary of fifty 
 dollars a twelvemonth. Early in 1829, another 
 professional musician, Mr. Dury, performed the 
 duties which the position demanded at the stip- 
 
 123 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 ulated charge of one dollar a Sunday. The next 
 year, for the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nixon gave their joint musical 
 services to the choir, he as organist and she as 
 singer. In June, 1832, Mr. Aydelott then being 
 rector, Mr. Nash was appointed organist and di- 
 rector of music, and such seems to have been his 
 efficiency that he held the position for about four 
 years. With him a contract was made to have 
 the organ repaired at an expense not to exceed 
 fifty dollars. He must have been held in social and 
 professional regard by the Vestry, for he was 
 granted the privilege of using the church edifice 
 for a public concert. 
 
 A committee consisting of Mr. Roff and Mr. 
 Richards was entrusted with the duty of making, 
 from time to time, such arrangements as they 
 deemed necessary to secure good church music. 
 The same gentlemen, together with Mr. Cope, 
 were authorized to dispose of the old organ and 
 to contract with Mr. Corry, of Philadelphia, for a 
 new instrument. This organ was to be constructed 
 in keeping with the architecture of the new church, 
 on Fourth Street, then approaching completion. 
 It was decided on November 26, 1834, that it was 
 expedient to have a concert of sacred music in the 
 new church as soon as that was ready for occu- 
 pancy, the proceeds to be applied toward paying 
 for the organ. Accordingly on March 7, 1835, 
 the committee on music reported that they had re- 
 quested the "Beethoven Society" to give a concert 
 "for the benefit of the organ," and that said so- 
 ciety had cheerfully agreed to the request. The 
 net proceeds of the concert given by the "Bee- 
 thoven Society," presumably a notable artistic 
 
 124 
 
MUSIC IN CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 event, amounted to one hundred and seventy- 
 seven dollars. 
 
 Mr. Nash resigned his position as organist in 
 1835 ^nd was succeeded by Mr. J. Butler. 
 
 It was noteworthy that at the very beginning 
 of his illustrious rectorate, the Rev. John T. 
 Brooke manifested a lively interest in the musical 
 affairs of the church. To his order the treasurer 
 was authorized to pay a sum, not exceeding $400 
 a year, for defraying expenses of music. At a 
 special meeting of the Vestry, the statement was 
 made that the rector had informed the Vestry that 
 arrangement had been made by the organization 
 of a voluntary choir by which the music and organ- 
 ist for the church were furnished free of expense 
 and that the sum of $300 theretofore considered 
 an appropriation for that purpose was now 
 saved. 
 
 In 1852, the first year of the clerical adminis- 
 tration of Rev. Dudley A. Tyng, Mr. Elihu Locke 
 was employed to officiate as conductor of music 
 for two successiv^e quarters, and paid at the rate of 
 $600 per annum, he agreeing to engage and pay 
 his assistants and organist. Mr. Locke, a gentle- 
 man of energy and integrity, was destined to exert 
 a considerable influence upon musical enterprise 
 and culture in Cincinnati. 
 
 But slight reference is made to the music in the 
 records of the Wardens and Vestry of Christ 
 Church during the twelve years dating from 1853 
 to 1865, including the period of the rectorship of 
 Mr. Tyng, Mr. Butler, and Mr. Goddard, and a 
 large part of the term of Mr. McCarty, though 
 there are many evidences that Mr. McCarty had 
 a deep appreciation of music as a religious force. 
 
 125 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Experience had probably impressed upon the 
 minds of serious observers the desirability, both 
 for sacred and for esthetic reasons, of enforcing 
 stricter regulations in the management and dis- 
 cipline of the choir in order to bring it into full 
 understanding and complete harmony with the 
 spiritual purposes of the rector. Working toward 
 this end, the Vestry, on February ii, 1865, took 
 action by resolving: 
 
 "That whoever be employed as conductor of 
 the choir in Christ Church be required to subscribe 
 to the following conditions : 
 
 "ist — That he be personally responsible to the 
 rector and music committee for the good order, 
 propriety, and reverent behavior of the choir dur- 
 ing divine service. 
 
 "2d — That he introduce no person into the choir 
 who may not meet with the joint approval of the 
 rector and the music committee. 
 
 "3d — That he shall implicitly comply with such 
 orders as the rector may deem it necessary to give, 
 in accordance with the Rubrical Regulations em- 
 bodied in the Book of Common Prayer, which 
 reads as follows: 'It shall be the duty of every 
 minister, with such assistance as he can obtain from 
 persons skilled in music, to give orders concern- 
 ing the tunes to be sung at any time in his church, 
 etc' 
 
 "4th — That no extra expense for books, re- 
 pairs, etc., be incurred, except upon the joint ap- 
 proval of the rector and music committee. 
 
 "5th — That the chorus be always punctually 
 present at the morning and evening service on Sun- 
 days and on such holy days and extra occasions 
 as the rector may consider requisite." 
 
 126 
 
MUSIC IN CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Thirty years of use since it was first placed in 
 the new church had impaired the excellent organ 
 built by the Philadelphia firm to such a degree, 
 that, in 1866, subscriptions were solicited for the 
 purpose of procuring a new instrument of the 
 most approved modern construction. Thorough 
 information was obtained by visiting several of the 
 leading organ-building establishments in the East, 
 and finally a contract was closed with Messrs E. 
 and G. G. Hooker, of Boston, who agreed to fur- 
 nish such an up-to-date organ as the committee 
 demanded, at a cost of $8,850. When this was 
 delivered in the summer of 1867, a testimonial 
 letter, drafted by Mr. A. H. McGuffey, assured 
 the makers of the instrument that the recipients 
 of it were "much pleased and entirely satisfied with 
 the organ built for them." 
 
 In celebration of an event so important in the 
 history of the choir as the dedication of a new or- 
 gan, an "organ concert" was publicly given, but 
 we are not told who were the musicians that had 
 parts in the program. About this time, however, 
 the music committee appointed a new organist, Mr. 
 James C. Vincent, and decreed that at the begin- 
 ning of the ensuing year a new choir should be 
 chosen. Much responsibility for wisely utilizing 
 the services of a new organist and an untried set of 
 singers must have devolved upon the recently in- 
 stalled rector. Rev. Wm. A. Snively. 
 
 A peculiar social and personal significance at- 
 tached to the incident that in the autumn of 1868 
 the Vestry received a communication from the 
 widow of the late rector of the parish, Mrs. Lou- 
 isa C. McCarty, stating that a proposition from 
 a number of her friends had been made to her that 
 
 127 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 she should give a grand organ concert in Cincin- 
 nati, and asking permission to occupy the church 
 and to make use of its organ. After a full discus- 
 sion of the request the following resolution, offered 
 by Mr. McGuffey, was decided upon: "Resolved, 
 That this Vestry strongly disapproves of the use 
 of the church edifice for any purpose except the 
 worship of Almighty God. Nevertheless, in view 
 of the application now before us being from the 
 widow of our late beloved rector we grant her the 
 use of the church for one concert, subject to such 
 restrictions, as to the time and character of the 
 music, as may be imposed by the rector of the 
 church." 
 
 The resignation of Mr. Vincent as organist was 
 accepted in March, 1 869 ; and the music committee 
 was authorized to procure both an organist and a 
 choir at a cost of not to exceed $1,500 per year, 
 at as early a date as was practicable. Mr. Henry 
 J. Smith, a New Englander, was engaged as or- 
 ganist and general director of music, and after a 
 comparatively brief but very acceptable period of 
 service he resigned his position in Christ Church 
 and returned to his former home in March, 1872. 
 The complimentary resolutions with which the 
 Vestry honored him on his departure from Cin- 
 cinnati were remarkably cordial, declaring that 
 Mr. Smith was not only an artist of great skill, 
 but a true gentleman, and that he carried with him 
 to his new field of labor in Boston the best wishes 
 of his Western friends for his continued success. 
 The locally distinguished musician, Henry G. 
 Andres, was chosen organist of Christ Church in 
 1873, and continued to hold the position for six 
 years. Mr. Charles J. Coleman was organist from 
 
 128 
 
MUSIC IN CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 1881 to 1889, Mr. Edward Magrath in 1889, Mr. 
 J. Hartwell Cabell from 1890 to 1894, since 
 when, up to the present, the responsible position 
 has been filled very ably by Mr. John Yoakley. At 
 the date of Mr. Yoakley's coming, Mr. Louis Ehr- 
 gott, accomplished as a master of vocal art and as 
 a scholarly musician in general, became director of 
 the choir, an office which he retained for thirteen 
 years. After Mr. Ehrgott's resignation, the func- 
 tion of choirmaster was performed for a short 
 period by Mr. Adolph Hahn, then by Dr. W. H, 
 O. McGehee until 19 12, when the important duties 
 of leader were undertaken by that experienced and 
 skillful musician Mr. Edwin W. Glover, who, at 
 the time of this writing, still has charge of the choir 
 and of the artistic responsibilities relating thereto. 
 The remodeling and partial rebuilding of the 
 church, which was completed in the summer of 
 1 89 1, in the early part of the incumbency of Dr. 
 Gibson, had a stimulating and encouraging effect 
 upon all the energies and activities of the organi- 
 zation for specific religious work, whether in the 
 communion service, the worship of preaching and 
 prayer, the Sunday school's various labors, or 
 other vital forms of Christian endeavor that give 
 interest and efficacy to parish meetings. Especially 
 did the influence of the improved surroundings 
 immediately work beneficial results in the quality 
 and appreciation of the music. This was recog- 
 nized by the report of the Vestry and Wardens 
 for 1892, in which it is noted that "during the past 
 few months a small chorus had been added to the 
 regular quartette, and we think that the choir, as 
 now constituted, adds materially to the effective 
 rendering of all music requisite to our Sunday serv- 
 
 129 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 ices." A report issued two years subsequently re- 
 marks that the "chorus choir vested meets with the 
 decided approval of the Wardens and Vestry, and 
 they recommend that it be continued at its present 
 standard of excellence." The rector, in his pref- 
 ace to the Year Book for 1895 says: "The stand- 
 ard of music, heretofore an experiment, has been 
 accepted by the Vestry and congregation. It is 
 now as high as anywhere in the country." 
 
 With the adoption of a new system of financial 
 management, and the occupancy of the parish 
 house by the organizations devoted to special 
 forms of social and religious activity, fresh energy 
 was infused into the choir and into all persons and 
 forces pertaining to the methods and ideals of the 
 musical development of Christ Church. From 
 year to year the standard was raised as regards 
 the rendering, whether vocal or instrumental, of 
 the selections assigned for a given service, and as 
 regards the quality of the composition Itself. A 
 more exacting taste was cultivated, guided by the 
 critical judgment of thoroughly competent choir 
 leaders and an accomplished organist, who worked 
 together as scholarly musicians, in sympathetic co- 
 operation. Throughout the city, and indeed in 
 distant places, the choir won a reputation and was 
 often spoken of with admiration. Well-known 
 master works of Brahms, Beethoven, Mozart, 
 Handel, Haydn, Mendelssohn, and other classic 
 composers were frequently presented, and almost 
 every oratorio, anthem, offertory, requiem, and ac- 
 companiment for the communion service, of high 
 merit, was occasionally rendered by singers, all of 
 whom are well trained and many of them distin- 
 guished. 
 
 130 
 
MUSIC IN CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 The choirmaster, Mr. Edwin W. Glover, men- 
 tioned in his report for 19 15 that in his selection 
 of new music he made it his aim to choose music, 
 "first, of the best type, and second, purely devo- 
 tional in its character." 
 
 One of the most important and memorable 
 events in the history of the parish was the pres- 
 entation by Mrs. Thomas J. Emery, in April, 
 1 9 13, of a magnificent organ constructed by the 
 Casavant Bros. The instrument is thus described 
 by Mr. John Yoakley, the organist of Christ 
 Church: "It contains three manuals of keys, 
 twenty-nine hundred pipes, a pedal board of 
 twenty-two notes, twenty-two couplers, twenty 
 combination pistons, two swell pedals, and a cres- 
 cendo pedal, the organ being divided and placed 
 at the right and left of the chancel. The console 
 or key-board is placed directly in front of the de- 
 cani choir, the action being electro-pneumatic. 
 The instrument contains registers remarkably 
 voiced, and among the registers the following have 
 been commented upon, viz. : the Vox Humana, 
 Vox Celeste, Gamba, Aeoline, Stopped Diapason, 
 Oboe, Cor Anglais ; and lastly, the open Diapason 
 in the great organ is very distinctive as to breadth 
 of tone." 
 
 The bestowal of so excellent a Church organ 
 upon Christ Church proved a musical benison to 
 Cincinnati, for owing to the liberal policy of the 
 Vestry, the clergy, and the congregation, all lovers 
 of sacred music, irrespective of denominational 
 affiliation, were welcomed to the church to partici- 
 pate in the exalted pleasure of hearing 
 
 "The pealing anthem swell the note of praise." 
 131 
 
THE HISTORY OF CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Many of the leading local organists of the city 
 gave recitals testing the wonderful powers of the 
 new instrument, and, under the auspices of the 
 Southern Ohio Chapter of the American Guild 
 of Organists, the celebrated English organist, Mr. 
 Edwin H. Lemare, rendering a varied program, 
 at a concert, demonstrated the transcendent qual- 
 ities of the instrument when touched by the hand 
 of a master. 
 
 132 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 LIST OF 
 
 Rectors, Wardens, Vestrymen, and 
 Officials 
 
 OF 
 
 The Episcopal Society of Christ Church 
 
 COMPILED FROM THE RECORDS OF THE CHURCH BY 
 
 Wm. Lytle Foster 
 
 As shown in Book No. i of the records of Christ Church, the 
 Rev. Philander Chase, former Rector of Christ Church, Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, preached and performed divine service, ac- 
 cording to. the Liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal Church, on 
 May i8, 1817, in the town of Cincinnati. The following is copied 
 from the records: 
 
 "Immediately after service he explained his views in 
 coming into the State of Ohio and the success which had 
 attended his labors in collecting and organizing churches 
 to the glory of God and the good of human souls. 
 
 Whereupon the following instrument of Parochial As- 
 sociation was drawn up for signature, viz: 
 
 We whose names are under written, deeply impressed 
 with the truth and importance of the Christian Religion, 
 and anxiously desirous to promote its influence in the 
 hearts and lives of ourselves, our families, and our 
 neighbors, do hereby associate ourselves together, and 
 thus form a Parish by the name, style, and title of the 
 Parish of Christ Church in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, 
 State of Ohio, in communion with the Protestant Episcopal 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Church in the United States of America, whose Liturgy, 
 Constitution, and Canons, we do hereby adopt 
 
 Signed — 
 
 Ethan Stone, George Williamson, 
 
 Griffin Yeatman, James Chambers, 
 
 William H. Harrison, Joseph Walker, 
 
 Ar. St. Clair, Junior, Jacob Baymiller, 
 
 James Taylor, William M. Worthington, 
 
 Elijah Bemiss, William M. Alexander, 
 
 Richard Fosdick, S. D. Baldwin, 
 
 Thomas Danby, Luman Watson, 
 
 Wm. Ruffin, William Jones, 
 
 Thomas Henderson, R. D. Richardson, 
 
 Edward Horrock, Hugh Lloyd." 
 
 (COPY OF MINUTES, MEETING MAY iS, 1817.) 
 
 At a meeting of the Parish of Christ Church, Cincinnati, 
 holden at the house of Dr. Daniel Drake, on the eighteenth day 
 of May, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred 
 and seventeen, immediately after divine service, the Rev. 
 Philander Chase, in the holy order of Priest, being in the chair : 
 
 On Motion, William M. Worthington, Esq., was unanimously 
 chosen Secretary of this Parish and of the Vestry thereof, to 
 serve till Easter Monday, A. D. 1818, and until another be 
 chosen in his stead. 
 
 The following persons were unanimously appointed to their 
 respective offices, viz: 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, Elijah Bemiss. 
 
 Vestrymen — William H. Harrison, William Ruffin, Richard 
 Fosdick, James Taylor, Griffin Yeatman. 
 
 On Motion, Ethan Stone, Esq., was unanimously elected a 
 delegate to represent this Parish of Christ Church, Cincinnati, 
 in a convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State 
 of Ohio, to be holden at Columbus on the first Monday in Janu- 
 ary, in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and eighteen. 
 Meeting then dissolved. Philander Chase, President. 
 
 William M. Worthington, Secretary. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 23, i8i8. 
 
 Clergyman — Rev. Samuel Johnston. Term of office beginning 
 Easter Monday, 1818. 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, Elijah Bemiss. 
 
 Vestrymen — William H. Harrison, William Ruffin, Richard 
 Fosdick, James Taylor, Griffin Yeatman, Arthur St. Clair, Jr., 
 William Jones, William B. Dodson, George Williamson. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Cooper officiated prior to the coming of Rev. Mr. 
 Johnston. Parish Meeting was held at the Baptist Meeting 
 House. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April iz, 1819. 
 
 Clergyman — ^Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — -Ethan Stone, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — Richard Fosdick, Jacob Baymiller, Edward Hal- 
 lam, Joseph Cowdin, Luman Watson, William M. Worthington, 
 Griffin Yeatman, Joseph Thornton, William H. Harrison. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 3, 1820. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Richard Fosdick, Joseph Thornton, Griffin Yeat- 
 man, Edward Hallam, Joseph Cowdin, Dan'l Mallory, Edward 
 C. Smith, J. Mason, John Jolley. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 23, 1821. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Yeatman, John Jolley, Edward Hallam, 
 Edward C. Smith, Samuel Borden, William Oliver, Luman Wat- 
 son, Beza E. Bliss, William Lewis. 
 
 Easter Monday, May 17, 1821. 
 
 Church incorporated and officers elected as follows: 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Yeatman, John Jolley, Edward Hallam, 
 Edward C. Smith, Samuel Borden, William Oliver, Beza E. 
 Bliss, Luman Watson, Richard Fosdick. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 8, 1822. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — Ethan Stone, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — Richard Fosdick, William Oliver, Edward Hal- 
 lam, Samuel Borden, Luman Watson, John P. Foote, Edward 
 C. Smith, Beza E. Bliss, Thomas J. Adams. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 31, 1823. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — ^John Jolley, Edward Hallam. 
 
 Vestrymen — Andrew Mack, Elijah Hayward, Bellamy Storer, 
 Charles Doane, John P. Foote, Samuel Borden, Luman Watson, 
 Richard Fosdick, Griffin Yeatman. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 19, 1824. 
 Rector — ^Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 Wardens — John Jolley, Edward Hallam. 
 Vestrymen — Richard Fosdick, John P. Foote, Elijah Hay- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 ward, William H. Harrison, Charles Hammond, George Dash- 
 iel, John Stinson, William S. Johnson, Edward C. Smith. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 4, 1825. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — ^John JoUey, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Richard Fosdick, Griffin Yeatman, Henry Gassa- 
 way, John P. Foote, William Greene, Charles Doane, John 
 Stinson, Charles Hammond, Elijah Hayward. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 37, 1826. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — John Jolley, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — Richard Fosdick, William Greene, John P. Foote, 
 Henry Gassaway, John Stinson, Elijah Hayward, Charles Ham- 
 mond, Merriken Bond, Griffin Yeatman. 
 
 EASTER Monday, April 16, 1827. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Samuel Johnston. 
 
 Wardens — ^John Jolley, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Richard Fosdick, Henry Gassaway, John P. 
 Foote, John Stinson, Charles Hammond, Bellamy Storer, Elijah 
 Hayward, John Forbes, Samuel W. Phelps. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 7, 1828. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — John Jolley, William Ruffin. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Richard Fosdick, John P. Foote, John Stinson, 
 Elijah Hayward, Charles Hammond, Henry Gassaway, John 
 Forbes, Samuel W. Phelps, Jeremiah Butler. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 20, 1829. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — ^John Jolley, Richard Fosdick. 
 
 Vestrymen — Henry Gassaway, Samuel W. Phelps, Henry 
 Rockey, John Stinson, Charles Hammond, Parsons Gorham, 
 Jeremiah Butler, John P. Foote, James Brown. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 12, 1830. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — Henry Gassaway, Samuel W. Phelps. 
 
 Vestrymen — Richard Fosdick, John P. Foote, John Stinson, 
 Jeremiah Butler, Ely Dorsey, Henry Rockey, Parsons Gorham, 
 William Oliver, John Jolley. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 4, 1831. 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 Wardens — Henry Gassaway, Samuel W. Phelps. 
 
 136 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Vestrymen — Walcott Richards, Thomas Bell, Parsons Gor- 
 ham, Henry Rockey, William Oliver, Merriken Bond, Jere- 
 miah Butler, Elijah Bemiss, A. B. Roff. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 23, 1832. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, William Oliver. 
 
 Vestrymen — Henry Gassaway, Henry Rockey, Elijah Bemiss, 
 A. B. Roff, Samuel W. Davies, Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Charles 
 Shults, Wolcott Richards, Samuel W. Phelps. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 8, 1833. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, William Oliver. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel W. Phelps, Samuel W. Davies, Bellamy 
 Storer, Herman Cope, Henry Rockey, A. B. Roff, Elijah Bemiss, 
 Charles Shults, Wolcott Richards. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 31, 1834. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Benjamin P. Aydelott. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, William Oliver. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel W. Phelps, Bellamy Storer, Wolcott Rich- 
 ards, Henry Rockey, Elijah Bemiss, A. B. Roff, Charles Shults, 
 John P. Foote, Stephen S. L'Hommedieu. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 20, 1835. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, William Oliver. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Samuel W. Phelps, John P. 
 Foote, Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Herman Cope, Griffin Taylor, 
 Henry Rockey, Wolcott Richards, B. W. Hewson. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 4, 1836. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Thomas Horrel. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Herman Cope. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, John P. Foote, Nathaniel G. Pen- 
 dleton, Henry Rockey, Thomas Bell, I. M. Bissell, George K. 
 Shoenberger, Samuel W. Davies, Wolcott Richards. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 27, 1837. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. A. T. Bledsoe. 
 
 Wardens— David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, I. M. Bissell, Henry Rockey, 
 George K. Shoenberger, Samuel W. Davies, Samuel Fosdick, 
 Benjamin R. Phelps, Bellamy Storer, Wolcott Richards. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April i6, 1838. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 IVardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Stephen G. Brown, Wolcott Richards, Henry 
 Rockey, Samuel W. Davies, Samuel Fosdick, Benjamin R. 
 Phelps, George K. Shoenberger, Bellamy Storer, I. M. Bissell. 
 
 Easter Monday, April i, 1839. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Wolcott Richards, Samuel Fosdick, Bellamy 
 Storer, Samuel W. Davies, Stephen G. Brown, Henry Rockey, 
 George K. Shoenberger, I. M. Bissell, William Procter. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 20, 1840. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 IVardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel W. Davies, Stephen G. Brown, Bellamy 
 Storer, George K. Shoenberger, Samuel Fosdick, Wolcott Rich- 
 ards, N. Sawyer, Henry Rockey, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 12, 1841. 
 
 Rector— ^e\. John T. Brooke. 
 
 IVardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel W. Davies, Stephen G. Brown, Bellamy 
 Storer, George K. Shoenberger, Samuel Fosdick, N. Sawyer, 
 Wolcott Richards, Henry Rockey, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 28, 1842. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Samuel W. Davies. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Stephen G. Brown, Samuel Fos- 
 dick, Wolcott Richards, Henrv Rockey, George K. Shoenberger, 
 Jacob Strader, William H. H.' Taylor, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 17, 1843. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Samuel W. Davies. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Wolcott Richards, George K. 
 Shoenberger, William H. H. Taylor, Jacob Strader, Stephen G. 
 Brown, Robert Buchanan, Henry Rockey, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 8, 1844. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Stephen G. Brown, Jacob Strader, Wolcott Rich- 
 ards, Robert Buchanan, Bellamy Storer, George K. Shoenber- 
 ger, Henry Rockey, William H. H. Taylor, Samuel F. Bishop. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, March 24, 1845. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Stephen G. Brown, Jacob 
 Strader, George K. Shoenberger, Wolcott Richards, Henry 
 Rockey, Robert Buchanan, William H. H. Taylor, Samuel P. 
 Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 13, 1846. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Stephen G. Brown, Jacob Strader, George K. 
 Shoenberger, Robert Buchanan, Bellamy Storer, Griffin Taylor, 
 Wolcott Richards, Henry Rockey, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 5, 1847. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Rector Pro Tern. — Rt. Rev. Charles Pettit McHvaine, August 
 15, 1847 to August 15, 1848. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Stephen G. Brown, Samuel P. 
 Bishop, Jacob Strader, Robert Buchanan, Griffin Taylor, Wol- 
 cott Richards, George K. Shoenberger, Henry Rockey. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 24, 1848. 
 
 Rector Pro Tem.—Rt. Rev. Charles Pettit McHvaine. 
 
 Rector Pro Tern. — Rev. A. Blake, August 15, 1848, to April 9, 
 1849. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Nathaniel G. Pendleton. 
 
 Vestrymen — Bellamy Storer, Stephen G. Brown, Jacob 
 Strader, Griffin Taylor, Robert Buchanan, Samuel P. Bishop, 
 George K. Shoenberger, Wolcott Richards, Henry Rockey. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 9, 1849. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. A. Blake. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Stephen G. Brown, Robert Buchanan, George K. 
 Shoenberger, Griffin Taylor, Jacob Strader, James Hall, Sam- 
 uel P. Bishop, Wolcott Richards, K. Yardley. 
 
 E.aster Monday, April 1, 1850. 
 
 Rector— Re\. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. A. Blake. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, George K. Shoenberger, Samuel 
 P. Bishop, K. Yardley, Wolcott Richards, Jacob Strader, James 
 Hall, Allison Owen, William Procter. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April 22, 1851. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John T. Brooke. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. A. Blake. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — James Hall, William Procter, Wolcott Richards, 
 Allison Owen, K. Yardley, Samuel P. Bishop, GriflSn Taylor, 
 Jacob Strader, George K. Shoenberger. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 12, 1852. 
 
 Rector — ^Rcv. Dudley A. Tyng. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Jacob Strader, Allison Owen, James Hall, K. 
 Yardley, William Procter, Wolcott Richards, Griffin Taylor, 
 George K. Shoenberger, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 28, 1853. 
 
 Rector—Rev. Dudley A. Tyng. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, James Hall, Wolcott Richards, 
 Jacob Strader, George K. Shoenberger, Samuel P. Bishop, John 
 Kilgour, Allison Owen, William Procter. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 17, 1854. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Dudley A. Tyng. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, Jacob Strader, James Hall, 
 George K. Shoenberger, Wolcott Richards, Allison Owen, Sam- 
 uel P. Bishop, William Procter, John Kilgour. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 9, 1855. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. C. M. Butler. [Minutes, July 7, 1854.] 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Bellamy Storer. 
 
 Vestrymen — Jacob Strader, Griffin Taylor, Wolcott Richards, 
 James Hall, Allison Owen, John Kilgour, George K. Shoen- 
 berger, William Procter, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 24, 1856. 
 
 Rector— Rev. C. M. Butler. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Bellamy Storer, James Hall. 
 
 Vestrymen — Griffin Taylor, Jacob Strader, George K. Shoen- 
 berger, John Kilgour, William Procter, Larz Anderson, Wol- 
 cott Richards, Allison Owen, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 140 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 15, 1857. 
 
 Rector— Rev. C. M. Butler. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 tfardens — Bellamy Storer, James Hall. 
 
 Vestrymen — Jacob Strader, Nathaniel G. Pendleton, John Kil- 
 gour, George K. Shoenberger, Larz Anderson, William Procter, 
 Wolcott Richards, Griffin Taylor, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 5, 1858. 
 
 Rector— Rev. C. M. Butler. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Bellamy Storer, James Hall. 
 
 Vestrymen — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, William Procter, Wol- 
 cott Richards, George K. Shoenberger, Larz Anderson, John 
 Kilgour, Samuel P. Bishop, D. W. Fairchild. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 25, 1859. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Kingston Goddard. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, James Hall. 
 
 Vestrymen — Larz Anderson, Bellamy Storer, Wolcott Rich- 
 ards, William Procter, Samuel P. Bishop, George K. Shoenber- 
 ger, B. Homans, Jr., W. Van Hamm, A. C. Neave. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 9, i86o. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Kingston Goddard. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — ^Bellamy Storer, William Procter. 
 
 Vestrymen — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, George K. Shoenber- 
 ger, Larz Anderson, B. Homans, Jr., A. C. Neave, A. H. Mc- 
 Guffey, P. G. Fore, W. Van Hamm, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April i, i86i. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Kingston Goddard. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Bellamy Storer, William Procter. 
 
 Vestrymen — Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Larz Anderson, George 
 K. Shoenberger, A. H. McGuffey, W. Van Hamm, Henry Pro- 
 basco, B. Homans, Jr., A. C. Neave, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 21, 1862. 
 
 Rector Pro Tem.—Rev. John W. McCarty. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Bellamy Storer, William Procter. 
 
 Vestrymen — David K. Este, Larz Anderson, George K. Shoen- 
 berger, Samuel P. Bishop, Nathaniel Foster, P. G. Fore, W. K. 
 Bond, Henry B. Bissell, Henry Probasco. 
 
 141 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April 7, 1863. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John W. McCarty. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, Wm. Key Bond. 
 
 Vestrymen — tarz Anderson, George K. Shoenberger, Samuel 
 P. Bishop, P. G. Fore, A. C. Neave, J. F. Potter, W. A. Procter, 
 W. C. Ne£E, Henry B. Bissell. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 28, 1864. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. John W. McCarty. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, P. G. Fore, Nathaniel Foster, 
 W. C. NeflF, Henry B. Bissell, R. W. Lee, A. C. Neave, A. H. 
 McGuffey, W. A. Procter. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 17, 1865. 
 
 Rector — Rev. John W. McCarty. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Shoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, A. H. McGuffey, P. G. Fore, 
 Nathaniel Foster, W. C. Neff, Henry B. Bissell, W. A. Procter, 
 R. W. Lee, A. C. Neave. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 2, 1866. 
 
 Rector— Rev. John W. McCarty. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen — A. H. McGuffey, Samuel P. Bishop, P. G. Fore, 
 Nathaniel Foster, W. C. Neff, W. A. Procter, Henry B. Bissell, 
 R. W. Lee, A. C. Neave. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 24, 1867. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Wra. A. Snively. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen— A. H. McGuffey, S. P. Bishop, P. G. Fore, Na- 
 thaniel Foster, W. C. Neff, W. A. Procter, Henry B. Bissell, 
 R. W. Lee, A. C. Neave. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 13, 1868. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Wm. A. Snively. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen— Sa.m\ie\ P. Bishop, A. H. McGuffey, W. C. Neff, 
 R. W. Lee, Nathaniel Foster, P. G. Fore, Henry B. Bissell, James 
 A. Grover, D. T. Woodrow. 
 
 142 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, March 29, 1869. 
 
 Rector— Kev. Wrn. A. Snively. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Festrymen— Samuel P. Bishop, A. H. McGuffey, W. C. Neff, 
 R. W. Lee, Nathaniel Foster, P. G. Fore, Henry B. Bissell, James 
 A. Grover, D. T. Woodrow. 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 18, 1870. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen— A.. H. McGuflFey, P. G. Fore, Henry B. Bissell, 
 James A. Grover, Samuel P. Bishop, Nathaniel Foster, R. W. 
 Lee, D. T. Woodrow, W. Van Hamm. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 10, 1871. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — David K. Este, George K. Schoenberger. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, P. G. Fore, Henry B. Bissell, 
 W. Van Hamm, A. H. McGuffey, Nathaniel Foster, D. T. Wood- 
 row, J. D. Minor, Martin Bare. 
 
 Easter Monday, April i, 1873. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Thomas 8. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens— T>aviA K. Este, A. H. McGuffey. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Martin Bare, Samuel B. War- 
 ren, Halstead Neave, W. Van Hamm, J. D. Minor, Nicholas L. 
 Anderson, Benjamin F. Strader, James A. Grover. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 14, 1873. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens— DaviA K. Este, A. H. McGuffey. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Martin Bare, Samuel B. War- 
 ren, Halstead Neave, J. D. Minor, Nicholas L. Anderson, Benja- 
 min F. Strader, George H. Procter, Henry B. Bissell. 
 
 E.mter Mond.iy, April 6, 1874. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens— David K. Este, A. H. McGuffey. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Martin Bare, Halstead Neave, 
 Samuel B. Warren, J. D. Minor, George H. Procter, Nicholas L. 
 Anderson, Nathaniel Foster, D. T. Woodrow. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday^ March 29, 1875. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens— David K. Este, A. H. McGuffey. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Martin Bare, D. T. Wood- 
 row, Samuel B. Warren, George H. Procter, Halstead Neave, 
 Larz Anderson, Jr., Charles W. Short, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 17, 1876. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Thomas S. Yocom. 
 
 City Missionary— Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — A. H. McGuffey, Martin Bare. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, William Procter, D. T. Wood- 
 row, Samuel B. Warren, George H. Procter, Frank J. Jones, 
 Larz Anderson, Jr., Charles W. Short, C. Smith Sargent. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 2, 1877. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — A. H. McGuffey, Martin Bare. 
 
 Vestrymen — Larz Anderson, Jr., Samuel B. Warren, Frank 
 J. Jones, George H. Procter, Charles W. Short, D. T. Wood- 
 row, Halstead Neave, C. Smith Sargent, Samuel P. Bishop. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 22, 1878. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 City Missionary — Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — A. H. McGuffey, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, George H. Procter, Halstead 
 Neave, Frank J. Jones, Larz Anderson, N. H. McLean, Pier- 
 son R. Mitchell, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 14, 1879. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — MaTtin Bare, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Frank J. Jones, Larz Ander- 
 son, N. H. McLean, Pierson R. Mitchell, V^ra. Caldwell Bare, 
 Edward Worthington, H. S. Reed, Edmund H. Pendleton. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 29, 1880. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 City Missionary — ^Rev. Richard Gray. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Frank J. Jones, N. H. McLean, 
 Pierson R. Mitchell, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Edward Worthington, 
 Edmund H. Pendleton, Wm. P. Anderson, A. H. Gere. 
 
 144 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April i8, i88i. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Frank J. Jones, Pierson R. 
 Mitchell, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Edmund H. Pendleton, Edward 
 Worthington, George B. Orr, A. H. Hoyt, Percy Procter. 
 
 Easter Monday, April io, 1882. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Frank J. Jones, Edmund H. 
 Pendleton, Wm. Caldwell Bare, William P. Anderson, Edward 
 Worthington, Percy Procter, George B. Orr, A. H. Hoyt 
 
 Easter Monday, March 26, 1883. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Samuel B. Warren. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Frank J. Jones, Wm. Caldwell 
 Bare, Edward Worthington, Edmund H. Pendleton, William 
 P. Anderson, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Gardner E. Phipps. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 14, 1884. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Wm. P. 
 Anderson, Edward Worthington, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, 
 Gardner E. Phipps, Aaron A. Ferris. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Mond.\y, April 6, 1885. 
 
 Rector — Rev. L Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Edward Worthington, Wm. 
 Caldwell Bare, Wm. Pope Anderson, George B. Orr, Percy 
 Procter, Gardner E. Phipps, Aaron A. Ferris, Alexander Spotts- 
 wood Dandridge. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 26, i886. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Wm. P. 
 Anderson, Edward Worthington, Percy Procter, Gardner E. 
 Phipps, George B. Orr, Aaron A. Ferris, Alexander Spottswood 
 Dandridge. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday^ April ii, 1887. 
 
 Rector — Rev. I. Newton Stanger. 
 
 IVardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen— SsLOineX P. Bishop, Wm. Caldwell Bare, Wm. P. 
 Anderson, Edward Worthington, Percy Procter, Gardner E. 
 Phipps, George B. Orr, Aaron A. Ferris, Alexander Spottswood 
 Dandridge. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 2, 1888. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 fFardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Wm. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Cald- 
 well Bare, Alexander Spottswood Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Gardner E. Phipps, Edward 
 Worthington. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday^ April 22, 1889. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 IVardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. P. Anderson, Wm. Cald- 
 well Bare, Alexander Spottswood Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 George B. Orr, Gardner E. Phipps, Percy Procter, Edward 
 Worthington. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 7, 1890. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 JVardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — ^Wm. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Cald- 
 well Bare, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, George 
 B. Orr, Percy Procter, Benjamin F. Strader, Edward Worthing- 
 ton. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 30, 1891. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 IVardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Wm. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Cald- 
 well Bare, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, George 
 B. Orr, Percy Procter, Benjamin F. Strader, Edward Worthing- 
 ton. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 18, 1892. 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 146 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Vestrymen — Wra. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. Cald- 
 well Bare, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Benjamin F. Strader, Edward 
 Worthington. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 3, 1893. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Wm. Pope Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Nat'l 
 Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, 
 George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Benjamin F. Strader, Edward 
 Worthington. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 26, 1894. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Wm. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Nat'l 
 Pendleton Dandridge, George B. Orr, Aaron A. Ferris, Percy 
 Procter, Edward Worthington, Wm. Lytle Foster, Benjamin F. 
 Strader. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Mond.iy, April 15, 1895. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. P. Anderson, Percy Proc- 
 ter, Aaron A. Ferris, Edward Worthington, George B. Orr, 
 Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Wm. Lytle Foster, Benjamin F. 
 Strader. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 6, 1896. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Alfred James Wilder. 
 
 Wardens — ^Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 
 Vestrymen — Samuel P. Bishop, Wm. P. Anderson, Nat'l 
 Pendleton Dandridge, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Edward 
 Worthington, Wm. Lytle Foster, Aaron A. Ferris, Benjamin F. 
 Strader. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 19, 1897. 
 Rector — ^Rev. Robert A. Gibson. 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Alfred James Wilder. 
 Wardens — Larz Anderson, Frank J. Jones. 
 Vestrymen — ^Wm. P. Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, Nat'l Pen- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 dieton Dandridge, Wm. Lytle Foster, Aaron A. Ferris, George 
 B. Orr, Percy Procter, Edward Worthington, Day Clifton 
 Shears. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. JFannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April ii, 1898. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Alexis W. Stein. 
 
 /Assistant Minister — Rev. Alfred James Wilder. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen— %am\ie\ P. Bishop, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wra. Lytle Foster, George B. Orr, Percy 
 Procter, Day Clifton Shears, Edward Colston, Michael M. Shoe- 
 maker. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 3, 1899. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Alexis W. Stein. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Alfred James Wilder. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — Larz Worthington Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, 
 Edward Colston, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 Wm. Lytle Foster, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Day Clifton 
 Shears. 
 
 City Missionary — Miss H. Fannie Williams. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 16, 1900. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Alexis W. Stein. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — Larz Worthington Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, 
 Edward Colston, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 Wm. Lytle Foster, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Day Clifton 
 Shears. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 8, 1901. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. John Howard Melish. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — Larz Worthington Anderson, Samuel P. Bishop, 
 Edward Colston, Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 Wm. Lytle Foster, George B. Orr, Percy Procter, Day Clifton 
 Shears. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 31, 1902. 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. John Howard Melish. 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 Vestrymen — Larz Anderson, Larz Worthington Anderson, 
 
 148 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Edward Colston, Nat'I Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, 
 Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George B. Orr, John 
 Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Theodora L. Paine, Miss Margaret 
 S. Lloyd. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 13, 1903. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. John Howard Melish. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Larz Worthing- 
 ton Anderson, Edward Colston, Nat'I Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wra. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George 
 B. Orr, John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Theodora L. Paine, Miss Margaret 
 S. Lloyd. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 4, 1904. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Thomas Clyman Campbell. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Larz Worthing- 
 ton Anderson, Edward Colston, Nat'I Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George 
 B. Orr, John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Theodora L. Paine, Miss Margaret 
 S. Lloyd. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 24, 1905. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. Thomas Clyman Campbell. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Larz Worthing- 
 ton Anderson, Edward Colston, Nat'I Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George 
 B. Orr, John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Theodora L. Paine, Miss Margaret 
 S. Lloyd, Miss Margaretta S. Grider. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 16, 1906. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. Thomas Clyman Campbell. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Larz Worthing- 
 ton Anderson, Edward Colston, Nat'I Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George 
 B. Orr, John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Miss Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Margaretta S. 
 Grider. 
 
 149 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April i, 1907. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Ministers— Rev. Thomas Clyman Campbell, Rev. 
 William Henry Poole. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Larz Worthing- 
 ton Anderson, Edward Colston, Nat"! Pendleton Dandridge, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, George 
 B. Orr, John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Miss Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Margaretta S. 
 Grider. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 20, 1908. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Ministers — Rev. Thomas Clyman Campbell, Rev. 
 William Henry Poole. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, 
 Frederick C. Hicks, Charles Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, 
 John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Marga- 
 retta S. Grider, Miss Geraldine Gordon, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 12, 1909. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. William Henry Poole. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, 
 Charles Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, John R. Schindel, John 
 Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Marga- 
 retta S. Grider, Miss Geraldine Gordon, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 28, 1910. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Ministers — Rev. William Henry Poole, Rev. H. 
 Boyd Edwards. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Nat'l Pendleton Dandridge, Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Fos- 
 ter, Charles Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, John R. Schindel, 
 John Flack Winslow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Marga- 
 retta S. Grider, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 150 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April 17, 1911. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. H. Boyd Edwards. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Charles Jacob Livingood, 
 George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. Schindel, John Flack 
 Winsiow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Margaret S. Lloyd, Miss Marga- 
 retta S. Grider, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 (Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie succeeded Deaconess Lloyd 
 and Miss Margaret D. McGuffey succeeded Miss Grider, on 
 October i.) 
 
 Easter Monday, April 7, 1912. 
 
 Rector — Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. H. Boyd Edwards. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Charles Jacob Livingood, 
 George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. Schindel, John Flack 
 Winsiow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie, Miss Mar- 
 garet D. McGuffey, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, March 24, 1913. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. H. Boyd Edwards. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Charles Jacob Livingood, 
 George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. Schindel, John Flack 
 Winsiow. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie, Miss Mar- 
 garet D. McGuffey, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 13, 1914. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. James Monroe Collins. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, Charles 
 Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. 
 Schindel. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie, Miss Mar- 
 garet D. McGuffey, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Easter Monday, April s, 191 5. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. James Monroe Collins. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, Charles 
 Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. 
 Schindel. 
 
 Lay Workers — Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie, Miss Mar- 
 garet D. McGuffey, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 24, 1916. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — Rev. T. W. Attridge. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — George Mendenhall Anderson, Edward Colston, 
 Aaron A. Ferris, Wm. Lytle Foster, Frederick C. Hicks, Charles 
 Jacob Livingood, George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. 
 Schindel. 
 
 Lay Workers — -Deaconess Georgia L. V. Wilkie, Miss Mar- 
 garet D. McGufiFey, Howard N. Bacon. 
 
 Easter Monday, April 9, 1917. 
 
 Rector — ^Rev. Frank Howard Nelson. 
 
 Assistant Minister — ^Rev. T. W. Attridge. 
 
 Wardens — Frank J. Jones, Edward Worthington. 
 
 Vestrymen — Richard W. Neff, Edward Colston, Aaron A. Fer- 
 ris, Charles D. Jones, Frederick C. Hicks, Charles Jacob Livin- 
 good, George B. Orr, Oscar E. Rupp, John R. Schindel. 
 
 Lay Workers — Miss Margaret D. McGu£Fey, Howard N. 
 Bacon. 
 
 152 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 ACT OF INCORPORATION. 
 
 An Act incorporating the Congregation of Christ Church in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 To all to ixihom these presents shall come: 
 
 Greeting. — Whereas it appears that on the fifth day of Feb- 
 ruary, in the year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and nineteen, 
 That the General Assembly of the State of Ohio thought fit to 
 make and pass a law entitled, "An Act for the Incorporation 
 of Religious Societies." And, Whereas the "Episcopal Society 
 of Christ Church, Cincinnati," are desirous of availing them- 
 selves of the benefit of said Act, by being Incorporated agree- 
 able to the terms and stipulations thereof, vvhereupon not less 
 than ten days' notice was given as required by the first section 
 of said Act, that is to say, on the sixth day of May, in the year 
 of our Lord Eighteen hundred and twenty-one, at the time the 
 congregation was assembled at their usual place of meeting for 
 public worship, that the Reverend Samuel Johnston did then 
 and there proclaim and make known in the presence of the Con- 
 gregation, that a meeting would be held at that place on the en- 
 suing seventeenth day of the same month at Three O'clock in the 
 afternoon, for the purpose of holding an election to elect the 
 proper officers, and to perform such other requisites as might 
 become necessary for the incorporation of the said Society. Be 
 it also remembered, that at the same place, and upon the same 
 day, to wit, on the sixth day of May, Eighteen hundred and 
 twenty-one, a written notice was set up in a conspicuous place 
 upon the Door of the Church edifice, giving notice of the in- 
 tended meeting to be held on the said seventeenth day of May, 
 Eighteen hundred and twenty-one as aforesaid, and the object 
 of said meeting. 
 
 In pursuance whereof. Be it known. That the members of 
 the Society did assemble and meet together at the place afore- 
 said, and at the time mentioned in the notice aforesaid, and 
 not less than twenty members being present, did then and there 
 agree and determine to make and hold an Election to elect two 
 Church Wardens and nine Vestrymen to serve until Easter Mon- 
 day next, the day appointed by the usage and Canons of the 
 Episcopal Church for holding elections, and which is provided 
 for by an Act entitled "An Act to amend the Act entitled an 
 Act for the Incorporation of Religious Societies." Whereupon 
 Simon Hailman was appointed Judge, and Joseph Cowdin, Clerk 
 of the said election : To all which proceedings I bear Testimony. 
 Given under my hand this 17th May, 1821. 
 
 Ethan Stone, Moderator, 
 Appointed by the Meeting. 
 Attest, Joseph Cowdin, Clerk, 
 
 Appointed by the Meeting. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 I, Simon Hailman, do hereby certify that on this seventeenth 
 day of May, Eighteen hundred and twenty-one, an Election was 
 made and held at the Edifice of Christ Church, Cincinnati, by 
 the Pew-holders and members of said Church for the purpose 
 of electing two Church Wardens and nine Vestrymen, to man- 
 age the affairs of the Society until Easter Monday next; when 
 on closing the polls and counting the ballots, it appeared that 
 the following named Gentlemen were duly elected, to wit, 
 Ethan Stone and William Ruffin, Wardens. Grifiin Yeatman, 
 John Jolley, Edward Hallam, Edward C. Smith, Samuel Bor- 
 den, William Oliver, Luman Watson, B. E. Bliss and Richard 
 Fosdick, Vestrymen. 
 
 Joseph Cowdin, Clerk. Simon Hailman, 
 
 Judge of said Election. 
 
 Hamilton County, to iiit. 
 
 Be it remembered, that on the seventeenth day of May, 1821, 
 before me, the subscriber, a justice of the peace in and for said 
 County, personally appeared Ethan Stone and William Ruffin, 
 Church Wardens, Griffin Yeatman, John Jolley, Edward Hal- 
 lam, Edward C. Smith, Samuel Borden, William Oliver, Luman 
 Watson, B. E. Bliss and Richard Fosdick, Vestrymen of Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, who, severally took an oatih faithfully to 
 discharge the duties of their respective offices agreeable to the 
 third section of the Act, entitled "An Act for the Incorporation 
 of Religious Societies." 
 
 Witness my hand and Seal the day and year above written. 
 
 John Mahard, 
 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 
 ( Seal ) 
 
 154 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 CERTIFICATE OF CONSECRATION 
 
 of the 
 
 NEW CHURCH EDIFICE 
 
 Fourth Street, Cincinnati 
 
 By 
 
 Bishop McIlvaine 
 
 October 30, 1835. 
 
 Whereas the Church Wardens and Vestrymen of Christ 
 Church, City of Cincinnati, in the Diocese of Ohio, have by an 
 instrument this day presented to me, appropriated and devoted 
 a house of Public Worship, erected by them in the said city to 
 the worship and service of Almighty God, the Father, the Son, 
 and the Holy Ghost, according to the provisions of the Protest- 
 ant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in its 
 doctrines, discipline, and vrorship, and by a congregation in 
 communion with said Church and in union with the convention 
 thereof in the Diocese of Ohio: 
 
 And whereas the same Church Wardens and Vestrymen have 
 by the same instrument requested me to take this said house of 
 worship under my spiritual jurisdiction as Bishop of the Diocese 
 of Ohio and that of my successors in office, and to consecrate 
 by the name of "Christ Church, Cincinnati" and hereby separate 
 it from all unhallowed, worldly and common uses and solemnly 
 dedicate it to the Holy purposes above mentioned : 
 
 Now therefore know all men by these presents, that I, Charles 
 P. McIlvaine, by divine permission Bishop of the Diocese of 
 Ohio, acting under the protection of Almighty God, have, on 
 this thirtieth day of October in the year of our Lord One thou- 
 sand eight hundred and thirty-five, taken the above mentioned 
 house of worship under my spiritual jurisdiction as Bishop 
 aforesaid, and that of my successors in Office, and in presence 
 of divers of the Clergy and Public congregation therein assem- 
 bled, and according to the form prescribed by the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the United States of America have conse- 
 crated the same by the name of Christ Church, Cincinnati. And 
 I do hereby pronounce and declare that the said Christ Church, 
 Cincinnati, in the city aforesaid is consecrated accordingly and 
 thereby separated henceforth from all unhallowed, worldly, and 
 common uses, and is dedicated to the Worship and Service of 
 Almighty God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, for 
 reading and preaching his holy word, for celebrating his holy 
 sacraments, for offering to his glorious majesty the sacrifice of 
 prayer, praise and thanksgiving; for blessing his people in his 
 name, and for the performance of all other holy offices agree- 
 ably to the terms of the covenant of Grace and Salvation in our 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, according to the provisions of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, 
 in its doctrines, discipline, and worship. In testimony whereof 
 I have hereunto affixed my seal and signature at Cincinnati, the 
 day and year above mentioned and in the third vear of mv con- 
 secration. 
 
 Chas. p. McIlvaine, 
 Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 in the Di'ocese of Ohio. 
 
 ( Seal. ) 
 
 KENYON COLLEGE AND BISHOP CHASE. 
 
 From Bishop McIlvaine's Address at the Laying of the Cor- 
 ner-stone OF Bexley Hall, November 23, 1839. 
 
 In the year 1817 was organized the Diocese of Ohio. Two 
 years after, the Right Rev. Philander Chase was consecrated 
 its Bishop. After nearly four years of the most fatiguing and 
 self-denying missionary labor in all parts of this extensive coun- 
 try, then so much more unsettled and uncultivated than at pres- 
 ent, endeavoring not only to seek for Christ's sheep that were 
 dispersed abroad in this wilderness, and call others to the same 
 fold, but to obtain and send forth other laborers into a field so 
 vast and destitute; and after having urgently addressed the 
 other dioceses through their Bishops in behalf of the great ne- 
 cessities of the West, supplicating assistance in procuring and 
 supporting missionaries ; at length, in the year 1823, he had the 
 pain to find that for all the wants of Ohio (the farther west 
 being entirely destitute of an Episcopal ministry) there were 
 only six clergymen of our church, and scarcely any hopes of 
 their increasing for a long time to come. 
 
 Under the pressure of this want, the necessity of an effort to 
 raise up laborers for the destitution of the west, from among the 
 sons of the west, upon western ground, and in western habits 
 and circumstances, and with all possible economy to themselves, 
 became most evident, and was deeply impressed upon the mind 
 of Bishop Chase. It seemed an only refuge. The first project 
 of a Theological Seminary was then formed. An improved farm, 
 with buildings on it, situated near the town of Worthington, 
 offered by Bishop Chase for the purpose, was the first endow- 
 ment of the institution. There it was intended that a course of 
 education for the ministry, such as is now commanded in our 
 present preparatory schools, carried on in our collegiate 
 branches and completed under our theological professors, should 
 be conducted under one roof until more enlarged means and 
 accommodations could be obtained. "It is understood," says 
 Bishop Chase, writing at that period, "that this institution is to 
 
 156 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 be under the immediate care of the Bishop for the time being, 
 or his substitute, assisted by two or more professors of sacred 
 learning, and a grammar-school teacher." It was not intended 
 to exclude from that infant Theological Seminary, students who 
 were not contemplating the ministry to whom, however, the 
 studies preparatory to theology would be as applicable as if 
 they were. Thus was established on the estate of Bishop Chase, 
 near to Worthington, the institution of which the present is not, 
 in any essential respect, an alteration, but only a growth and 
 expansion. That was the child, this is the man ; the features of 
 the latter being different from those of the former, only in their 
 greater strength, development and prominence. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1833, the prospect of securing 
 the necessary means of sustaining the Theological Seminary thus 
 projected, from contributions in this country, was so discourag- 
 ing, that, with the advice of the Convention of the Diocese, 
 Bishop Chase departed for England, hoping to find in our 
 mother land and Church, a more effectual, if not a more ready 
 help. His mission was most warmly welcomed by our brethren 
 of the Church of England, and his object liberally patronized. 
 He returned in 1824, with about $25,000 for the contemplated 
 Seminary, bestowed on the express stipulation that the essential 
 features of the original plan, particularly that of entire identity 
 with the Episcopal Church, through the Bishop of the Diocese, 
 should be the basis of all subsequent arrangements. 
 
 ADDRESSES AT THE BANQUET GIVEN BY THE CEN- 
 TURY CLUB ON THE EVENING OF MAY 17, 1917, 
 AT THE HOTEL GIBSON. 
 
 Extract from address on "Jesus and Nationalism," by Dr. W. S. 
 Rainsford. 
 
 There has unfortunately been built up the belief in all these 
 ages that Jesus Christ was the greatest man that ever lived, be- 
 cause in him alone was the spirit of God. That is all nonsense. 
 You can not separate man from God, for the spirit of God is 
 in all men. And Jesus sought to teach them that the life of 
 God would express itself in man as it never expressed itself 
 before. We have all made the mistake, as I see it now, of limit- 
 ing God's power to express himself in man, of showing forth 
 the holiness and beauty of God in man. He spake in a new 
 and matchless tongue; he said, "Ye will express God in you; ye 
 will do things that I can not do; ye will live lives that I can 
 not live." This was the realization that he felt was to come 
 to his disciples and which to-day is being worked out in the 
 world as it never was before. This is the real incarnation. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Incarnation does not mean that God was resident in one man 
 long ago only, but that God is resident in every man; that is 
 the meaning of the incarnation, that God is in man working out 
 his will in this world. That is the meaning of incarnation that 
 we are just beginning to understand. That is the meaning of 
 democracy. 
 
 You say that is a jump from religion to politics? Not a bit 
 of it; it is bringing politics where it belongs, into religion. 
 That is democracy. Jesus was the great Democrat. Frank 
 Nelson will bear me witness that one or two of us tried to teach 
 this long ago, that the kingdom of God is in man. That means 
 that God is going to win out in this world ; and Jesus was the 
 first that said it, that there is more good in man than bad, that 
 there is more God in man than beast, and therefore it pays to 
 make men democratic. If there is more beast in man than God, 
 then it does not pay. If there is more bad in man than good, 
 then it does not pay to try to educate him, to try to make him 
 free; but if there is more good in man than bad, more God in 
 man than beast, then belief in the name of God, belief in edu- 
 cation, will not make the world bad. That is democracy, that 
 is what the world is in the throes of fighting for now. 
 
 And I say, that when man grasps that idea that in the plain, 
 common, poor, broken fellow that walks the streets there is 
 more God than beast, then you will take hold of his hand with 
 new hope in your heart, new warmth in your grasp; you will 
 lift him up and in time will arouse the power within him so 
 that he will try to follow Jesus ; and that is the thing that is 
 going to help the world to-day. 
 
 But let me leave that for a moment. The subject is so tre- 
 mendous that I have to jump from point to point. We have 
 come to an antithesis in the world to-day. A great superbly 
 organized body of people in Central Europe, a peculiar class of 
 people, have set themselves deliberately to work to give ex- 
 pression to a theory of life that professedly is based on the idea 
 of evolution ; their idea of evolution being that the strongest 
 have the right to rule, that might makes right. That is a false 
 idea of evolution. We can see in a moment just how false it is. 
 That might makes right is the idea of the tooth and the claw, 
 "You have got to do what I want you to do, because if you 
 won't, I will lick you." That is the beast overcoming the lesser 
 beast. 
 
 So in the development of man there comes a time when a man 
 does not say to his fellow man, "If you do not do what I want 
 you to do, I will lick you;" but he says, "I want to know you; 
 I want to work together with you; and as I get to know you 
 I will trust you a little bit more ; and as we trust each other 
 more we will build our homes closer together; and as we 
 build our houses closer together we will begin to commingle 
 
 158 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 in a thousand ways.'' And thus, slowly, through the dark, 
 crude forms of the ages evolving, hand clasps hand, and man 
 finds unity with his fellow man an instrument that is stronger 
 than the claw and the tooth. 
 
 Bishop (addressing Bishop Vincent), that is evolution along 
 the line of democracy. Man finds something in his fellow man 
 with which he can unite, with which he can co-operate, with 
 which at last some sweet beginnings of sympathetic life are felt. 
 That beats the tooth and the claw every time. That is de- 
 mocracy. 
 
 And those who stand for that, and those who oppose it, are 
 the two mighty forces in the world to-day ; and we can not hesi- 
 tate a moment which is going to win ; and in a speech for which 
 I profoundly thank God — I wish it had been spoken two years 
 and a half ago — a speech that I believe to be greater than any 
 speech made by any President of the United States since Lin- 
 coln made that immortal speech at Gettysburg, our President 
 has given the mighty keynote of this war as no writer or 
 speaker on this side of the ocean has given it, when in words 
 that will live as long as the American Republic lives, he said, 
 "The world — and I speak for all of the United States — the 
 world has got to be made safe for democracy!" That is the 
 teaching of Jesus; and for that, so help us God, we are will- 
 ing to give our lives; because in that we are standing for 
 what the Master said ; we are standing for the truth that 
 there is more good in man than bad, more God in man than 
 beast; and we won't allow the beast with the claw and the fang 
 to come back and say that the superior and final form of human 
 civilization is the form of the claw and the fang. And while 
 we were arguing these things, theorizing about these things, the 
 world seemed to be going on its upward way, then all at once the 
 fury of the combat was on, and from over the land came the 
 response. The churches have all felt, everybody has felt, that 
 through this great war Almighty God was preparing to bring 
 about a great change in the lives of the nations, a vast new 
 birth among the peoples of the earth, so extraordinary that none 
 of us ever dreamed it possible; and there came to us the story 
 of millions of men crushed, beaten, knouted, hounded, shot; and 
 from out of the crushed, beaten and bleeding, and inarticulate 
 mass of men there arose the most wonderful thing the world 
 has ever seen. Some people are turning around and saying, 
 "Why, what makes you talk that way? The conflict will soon 
 be over and men will not then be dying any more. Russia is 
 all divided; the war will soon be over." Yes, it may be so, 
 but you cannot suddenly rearrange millions of men under a new 
 organization in the field under men by whom they have been 
 betrayed to death and suddenly torn asunder. But can not any 
 man see that the vast democracy on the east, the glorious de- 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 mocracy of France on the west, and poor old England that has 
 given of her best, can you not see that in these there is a mass of 
 dynamite under the very seats of the Hohenzollerns that will send 
 them all — [Loud and prolonged applause drowned the remain- 
 der of the sentence.] 
 
 You may depend upon it that there are in the affairs of men 
 those quiet forces that are constantly at work, and that can not 
 be stopped. You may build a breakwater that abides the ad- 
 vance of the sea, but a small microbe, a thing that crawls into 
 the piles, and eats, and eats, and eats its way, at last works a 
 dissolution and a ruin that the might of the waves can not make; 
 and I believe that once this mighty American people grasp this 
 idea, I am not exaggerating when I say that when they grasp 
 this idea that man can live with man, can understand man, 
 and can love man, such as the Russians have proved, you have 
 got there the germ of a larger evolution which over and above 
 all the terrible conflict in Europe means that the spirit of Jesus 
 is back on this earth. You think I have exaggerated, perhaps; 
 but, gentlemen, the very first thing that the Russian democracy 
 did when it felt itself free — perhaps it was a foolish thing to do ; 
 personally, I fancy it was — but what was the first thing they 
 did ? The first thing that great Russian democracy did in its 
 initial hour of freedom was to pass a law which put it out of 
 their power to put to death thousands of those who had so be- 
 trayed the Russian people that tens of thousands of their soldiers 
 were not even provided with munitions; yet the people passed 
 a law which abolished the capital punishment of those that had 
 betrayed them. That is the most extraordinary thing that has 
 ever been done; it is the spirit of Jesus that says, "Forgive them, 
 for they know not what they do." A democracy will not always 
 do wise things; none of us can. But let us go out with all of 
 our might and with all of our hearts, filled with the wonderful 
 new hope, and do our part for the betterment of the world ; 
 this is true democracy. When in spite of conditions in Russia 
 the United States makes them a free gift of one hundred thou- 
 sand dollars, it shows that we are extending something more 
 than mere sympathy to those our brothers across the sea. 
 
 Some one says, "Can not the same happen quickly in Ger- 
 many?" I do not think so, for this reason: For fifty years there 
 has not been a Russian poet that I know, or a novelist that I 
 know, or a musician that I know, or an artist that I know, who 
 has not been an idealist, from Tolstoi to Turgenev. That is 
 the reason; and those men do not think in terms of Christianity; 
 they do not believe in God ; you will find all of them in theory 
 agnostic, some of them think they are atheists; yet there is 
 moving in them the spirit of God. So absolutely true are the 
 words of Jesus spoken two thousand years ago that, although 
 many of them would not dare to use his name, or would not 
 
 1 60 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 choose to use his name, yet instinct with his spirit they stood 
 naked-breasted before the whole world and passed the most 
 wonderful and absolutely gracious law that has ever been 
 passed by any nation that had been betrayed and enslaved the 
 way they were. If that is not Christianity in these days, I would 
 like to know what it is. 
 
 And so, brothers, brothers ! we come back to our own task, 
 our own job of helping forward these great things, of lending 
 a helping hand to this great work; to show that we who have 
 been a democracy for all this long time can do something to 
 lead with our older life the younger life that needs our leading. 
 Shall I tell you how we are going to do that, brothers? Each 
 profession must do its own house-cleaning. I am not going to 
 say more to-night than to simply express impersonally ray 
 thought that these are wonderful times when we see that Jesus 
 is really saying to us, "Your eyes are seeing that which no other 
 eyes have seen; your ears are hearing things that no other ears 
 have heard." And what are you going to do about it? Are 
 you simply going to let your opportunity go by? No, we will 
 take our opportunity; but, please God, we have got to do 
 something more than that, gentlemen; we have got to do 
 something more. This splendid Parish House of yours that I 
 have been delightedly going through stands for a big thing, 
 but we have got to carry out this same idea to an extent that 
 we have never deamed of yet. We have got to clean house, 
 gentlemen ; we have got to clean house. We have got to get this 
 idea of a religion that is broader and grander than simply the 
 saving of a man's own soul. We have got to have a Christian 
 religion that will clean up the professions from top to bottom. 
 We have got to have a Christian religion that gets into the prac- 
 tice of the lawyer, that gets into the practices of the politician, 
 that gets into the methods of the business man, that will get 
 into the life of every man and so change it that it wilKconform 
 to the religion of Jesus Christ. We have outgrown the age-long 
 idea of a religion whose overwhelming conception is that of 
 individual safety. We have got past that ;^ it won't satisfy the 
 world any longer. We can not go back to the hell of Billy Sun- 
 day, no matter how much you say; we can not do it, for it is 
 a false idea of God, it is a false idea of Jesus, it is a false idea 
 of man ; for man was not born to be damned. What a beastly 
 idea, that man is to be thrown into an ever-burning pit, where 
 the devil rakes hot coals constantly between his toes! We can 
 not have an idea of God as a God that allows the devil to shovel 
 live coals upon tortured souls in hell. Good Lord ! What rot 
 the whole thing is! We have to have the religion of Jesus that 
 says, "You are my child ; go into the world and live as the 
 Child of God should live." Do not seek to save your soul be- 
 cause you are afraid of being damned, but be willing to lose 
 
 i6i 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 your soul for others, that you may save it in the losing. Even 
 lay down your life to serve. 
 
 We do not know about the future. What do we know about 
 the future? Any moment may change our conception of the 
 future. What the future has for us I do not know ; but I know 
 that God is able to give the man that tries to follow him a con- 
 cept of a life of service for his fellow man which alone will 
 satisfy the soul of man and fit him for God's great work; and 
 if God thinks I am worthy of going on after this life, I will go 
 on; if he does not, I will not. If the candle does go out, let 
 it go out. If the candle is going to burn afterwards, it will 
 burn — I do not know — I am content to follow Jesus, and try 
 to serve him ; that is what I want to do. 
 
 That is the thing that America wants to come to to-day. 
 That is where the world is leading us to-day. But, boys, it 
 means house-cleaning; it means that each one of us must try 
 to clean up his house, and live our lives orderly and truly as 
 we ought to live if we follow Jesus, who said, "For this cause 
 was I born into the world, to try to be true." That is a very 
 hard thing to do, to be true. Any man who says that he does 
 it, of course does not understand what a hard thing it is to do. 
 But that is one of the things we will have to face in the world 
 after this war is over, what we will have to do. 
 
 I believe, as I stand here, that the old walls of the church 
 organization are going to tumble to pieces. I do not believe 
 in national churches. We see that great good man, the Pope, 
 sitting trembling on the fence, afraid to help Belgium because 
 it might hurt his chances of temporal power by going against 
 Austria. We have seen the English Church making all sorts 
 of mistakes, just because the Archbishop of Canterbury did not 
 know better and would not let the English clergy go to war; 
 yet those men have gone where thousands and tens of thousands 
 of their countrymen went, their cassocks covered with an in- 
 fantry jacket. Church walls are tumbling down. Why? Be- 
 cause the mighty spirit of Jesus is working in the souls of men 
 now as never before. 
 
 The poor ignorant boy that goes off to the war, not knowing 
 its nature, and as he steps over the trench, steps to death, is 
 giving the best he has to the best he knows. That is religion. 
 
 I defined religion thirty years ago in St. George's Church, and 
 I will stand by that definition still. I am afraid to try to add 
 anything to it. A very great lawyer in this country said to me, 
 "You do not know in how many cases in court that definition 
 has helped me in my findings on the bench, and I want to thank 
 you for it." Here it is. You fellows can stick it in your heads: 
 "Religion is giving the best you have to the best you know." 
 I think that will wear and wash. "Religion is giving the best 
 you have to the best you know." Those fellows that have gone 
 
 162 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 to die in the trenches, God knows how many of them were poor 
 weaklings; but when they died they were stepping up after the 
 Master — a long way behind, perhaps — but he won't turn them 
 down ; they were giving the best they had to the best they knew. 
 They make us feel that there is something, after all, in the 
 ordinary man. 
 
 Business is not simply barter; business is exchange. You 
 business men can preach that better than I can. But you know 
 you do not practice it. Business is not getting the better of the 
 other fellow ; it has got to be exchange, which is a higher thing. 
 And now you will say that I am getting into something that is 
 not my job. 
 
 But to return to my subject, we have got to come back, and 
 the world has got to come back to a new sense of the reality 
 of brotherhood, that men are all brothers. We have got to get 
 back to that reality. It was the getting away from that that 
 produced the conditions that forced us into this war. The com- 
 mon man does not want war; the man that lives in the open 
 does not want war. Certain men, because of their own jeal- 
 ousies or evil purposes, have forced millions of men to war, and 
 that has got to stop; and the thing that is going to do that is 
 Christian democracy. 
 
 And so, in conclusion, I want to say that if we are going to 
 help stop it, we must not simply give our money, or give our 
 help; but, gentlemen, you fellows have got to carry on the work 
 that we old men can not undertake because we can not do much 
 more, and you must see to it that you have a better vision than 
 we in the older time had of Jesus; see that you have a better 
 understanding of your fellow men than we had; and go for- 
 ward with a new meaning of life, a new understanding of men. 
 Give, and it shall be given unto you. Give your life, give your 
 s3Tnpathy, give your money, give your love to your fellow men, 
 and you will find that they will pay you back. 
 
 Sedi Low, who is now dead, said to me shortly before he 
 died, "I have been Mayor of Brooklyn ; I have been Mayor of 
 New York; I have been President of Columbia College; and 
 I want to say to you. Rector, that I feel that ten years' contact 
 with the people who come to St. George's Church has taught me 
 more of the meaning of democracy than all the other experience 
 I have had of my fellow men;" and he spoke the truth. When 
 you meet your fellow men on the conditions that the church 
 offers, following out the teachings of the democracy of Christ, 
 filled with the purpose that Doctor Goss spoke of, and do some- 
 thing to promote a clear light and a better day, you do some- 
 thing, ah! yes, you do something to bring back that old Gospel 
 with new power, in the spirit of those brilliant men who have 
 filled the pulpit of Christ Church; the fulfillment of the saying 
 of the prophet of the Lord: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, 
 
 163 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 because the Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings to 
 the meek; He hath sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to 
 proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison 
 to them that are bound; to proclaim the acceptable year of the 
 Lord." 
 
 Address of Rev. Frank H. Nelson, Rector of Christ Church. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: 
 
 Of course I am only a milestone on the way. It is my privi- 
 lege to be here when Christ Church celebrates its Centennial. 
 
 It is a privilege to be the Rector of Christ Church, an office 
 that I did not take with any great avidity seventeen years ago, 
 that I have held with fear and trembling in the seventeen years 
 that have followed. 
 
 There is no Church that I know of in this country, not ex- 
 cepting that Church in which I came to some little vision of 
 God, to some little understanding of democracy, under the 
 leadership and vision of the man whom every man who has 
 worked under him loves with a passion and an understanding 
 that perhaps some of you men can understand a little to-night — 
 after hearing him. 
 
 There was a book dedicated to him some years ago, and the 
 text of the dedication was: "To a great soul, who has seen a 
 vision and shown it to men — my friend, William S. Rainsford!" 
 
 That man has been to us who worked under him a prophet of 
 God, and a revealer somewhat, as we were able to receive it, 
 of the greatness of man. 
 
 We came out here because he sent us, he told us that we ought 
 to come — not because we wanted to come. Stein and I both had 
 lived always in the East. It was all the America that we knew, 
 and it seemed a desirable place to live, just as those of you 
 who have been born here think that Cincinnati is the most 
 desirable place to live, because it is your home. But he, with 
 a larger vision of America, and a larger vision of the. calling of 
 God to a man in the ministry, sent us here to do what we could. 
 As he said a few minutes ago, Alexis Stein not only found him- 
 self here, but his heart-strings were tied here as they were to 
 no other place that he ever lived; and to the day of his death 
 Cincinnati and Christ Church were first in his afiEection and 
 made the strongest appeal to his imagination. 
 
 You have not been able to get rid of me in these eighteen 
 years since I came, which only shows how close I have clung to 
 Christ Church and to Cincinnati, until it is the place I love 
 above all others, and it is the place I believe has the best people 
 in this land ; the place where there is the greatest opportunity 
 
 164 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 for progress, for service, for achievement, that I know of in 
 this land. 
 
 There is no Church like Christ Church — begging the pardon 
 of Dr. Goss, of Dr. Dunlop, of Dean Purves, of Mr. Hunter, of 
 Mr. Eastman, and of any others that may be here from other 
 Churches! 
 
 While inadequately we have striven to see our vision of 
 God in the face of Cincinnati — not in the faces of individuals 
 in the congregation of Christ Church, but in the faces of Cin- 
 cinnati — we have believed, however inadequately we have ex- 
 pressed it, that the mission of the Church, of Christ Church, is 
 not to the members of Christ Church, but is with the members 
 of Christ Church to the city of Cincinnati, and then to the State 
 of Ohio, and then to the United States of America, and then to 
 the fellowship of man throughout the world. 
 
 The Parish House stands, as you know, not as a private 
 possession of Christ Church, but as a trust in the hands of 
 Christ Church for the service of manhood and womanhood in 
 Cincinnati ; whether they are Jews, or Roman Catholics, or 
 Presbyterians, or Methodists, or atheists, or agnostics, or haters 
 of their fellow men. 
 
 It has been there as the servant of God to try to do what 
 it can. As the Rector said — we never think of him as anything 
 but "The Rector" — as the Rector said a minute ago, to help 
 man to see his fellow man, and when he sees him to trust him 
 a little, and at last to love him; and those of you that have 
 lived in that House know how, bit by bit, you have learned to 
 know some other men than you knew before, and to trust them, 
 and to come at last sometimes — with some, I think, at any rate — 
 to love them ; and out of that trusting and of that loving comes 
 a fellowship in the city and a vision of fellowship in the city 
 which makes Cincinnati a better place to live in because more 
 democratic. And I believe — not in any spirit of boasting at 
 all, believe me — for no one is more ashamed of the little that 
 I do compared to what I ought to do, than I ; yet I believe that 
 it is true that Christ Church, with that little sign outside, "Come 
 in, and Rest, and Pray;" that Christ Church with the open door 
 between the Church and the Parish House; that Christ Church 
 with the Parish House standing beside the Church, and giving 
 that Parish House to the free use of anything that is for the 
 welfare of the people of Cincinnati and of the world, has helped 
 the cause of democracy and fellowship in Cincinnati to a little 
 extent. 
 
 You know how fellowship has developed in Cincinnati that 
 very remarkable thing that we call the Centralized Budget that 
 we have here now each fall, when all of the social service or- 
 ganizations in the city come together and each lays its budget 
 before the others for criticism, for examination, and for chal- 
 
 165 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 lenge ; an agency that ties together the city not only in co-opera- 
 tion, but in fellowship to serve the welfare of the whole city; 
 not of any part of it or of any cause in it, but the whole of it 
 That is an expression of democracy and of fellowship that 
 twenty years ago would have been unbelievable and inconceiv- 
 able. But it is of the years to come that we must think and to 
 which we must look. 
 
 Christ Church has ended its first one hundred years. It is 
 no part of ours to boast of that, nor do we speak of it in any 
 boasting fashion, for it is not we here who preserved Christ 
 Church for one hundred years; most of us have been in it but 
 a little time. It has come down to us through the faith of the 
 fathers. It has been given to us in trust; and in this newer time 
 there has come to us, inevitably because of the times, some 
 vision of a social religion, of a religion expressing itself in fel- 
 lowship and of the will to fellowship; there has come to us 
 somewhat of the vision that it is for us in the days to come to see 
 that Christ Church, if it is to live for another hundred years, 
 shall deepen that vision and spread it abroad. 
 
 We are not very democratic, as a matter of fact, yet, are we? 
 There are differences of class, there are differences of associ- 
 ation. We come into church Sunday after Sunday; we come 
 into the Parish House week-day after week-day; and we do not 
 know each other very well, and we go out to our own separate 
 lifework and think very little about each other's welfare. And 
 perhaps that is inevitable. 
 
 Such a change as the democracy of Jesus comes slowly; it 
 is a process, it is a living thing; as the Rector says, it comes 
 with pain and travail ; it can not be won easily ; it can not be 
 satisfied with a word here and there ; it must be wrought out in 
 pain and sacrifice, it must be wrought out by putting behind us 
 our private feelings, and our prejudices, and our class suspi- 
 cions, and our religious differences, that religious difference 
 which is so serious in this country between the Roman Catholic 
 and the Protestant. As you know, I am a Protestant of the Prot- 
 estants. I do not belong to the Catholic party in the Episcopal 
 Church, I belong to the Protestant party. I believe in Protes- 
 tantism; I do not believe in Catholicism, I never have, and 
 please God, I never will. I believe in Protestantism; but I 
 believe more, and deeper, and further, and broader, and higher 
 in manhood and womanhood. I can see a vision of God in the 
 man and in the woman, in the Catholic as well as in the Prot- 
 estant, in the Jew, in the atheist, as well as in the Episcopalian. 
 
 What we stand for, as you know, in the Parish House is, that 
 the Roman Catholic comes in there as the Protestant. I believe 
 that we have not suffered by that faith — ^though sometimes 
 some of you may have thought so. I dare say there are 
 dangers in it; but there is a greater danger in keeping them 
 
 1 66 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 out, the danger to our faith in man and to our brotherhood 
 with our fellow man; it is by looking in their faces, by coming 
 to know them and to trust them, that we shall serve the wel- 
 fare of the city, and the welfare of the nation, better than by 
 keeping our suspicion and by looking at them with suspicion; 
 and we have got to go forward in the years to come in Christ 
 Church to try to make it not a place for the people of Christ 
 Church except as they shall come there to get some vision, some 
 faith, and some inspiration to go back into business, to go back 
 into politics, to go back into every part of our city life feeling 
 that we would like to serve it, to be better business men, to be 
 better citizens, and to be better members of this great country to 
 which we belong. 
 
 We have got to try to make Christ Church one of the great 
 centers of the religion of Jesus as Dr. Rainsford gave it to 
 us this evening, from out of which shall come that spirit of 
 fellowship and that spirit of faith which alone can make a city 
 great. 
 
 We have got to make it a place to which we can go with 
 pure hearts and fine enthusiasm; and as we go along into the 
 coming years let us go as men and brothers; let us go together; 
 let us go believing so in God that we will have to come to his 
 church to get that faith refreshed and strengthened, not that we 
 may be able to save ourselves alone, but that we may go out and 
 try to help be saviors of many of our fellow men. 
 
 Then shall Christ Church so fulfill its function, please God, 
 that some day again, as you had for fourteen months seventeen 
 years ago — some day, please God, you will have a preacher 
 there, a man with a vision of God that he can make men see; 
 a man with a vision of this city and a vision of this nation ; a 
 man with a strength and a courage of vision of a great break- 
 ing up of the peoples of the earth and of its institutions and 
 customs, a vision so clear and strong that he is not afraid of 
 anything that may happen, of anything that God sends. When 
 man follows that vision there will come that strength and mas- 
 tery of the things that seem to be destructive, that out of them 
 shall come the Child which is the desire of all nations — ^the 
 Christian democracy that is to be. 
 
 167 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 FROM THE SERMON BY THE RT. REV. BOYD VIN- 
 CENT, D. D., BISHOP OF SOUTHERN OHIO, ON 
 "THE CONTINUITY OF THE CHURCH," ON 
 FRIDAY, MAY i8, 1917. THE ONE HUN- 
 DREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUND- 
 ING OF CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 More and more we have come in these days to see the 
 social significance of the Gospel ; we have come to see that "the 
 kingdom of heaven," preached and ushered in by Jesus Christ, 
 is not merely the organized Christian Church, but rather the 
 ideal of the whole of human society regenerated by the Spirit 
 of Jesus Christ — God's reign at last in the social spirit and 
 lives of men as well as in their individual hearts and lives. 
 We are equally bound, as Christ's people, not only to do right 
 ourselves, but also to do good to others — in every way we can; 
 if we can not bring them to faith and into the Church, at any 
 rate to make them in every other way better and happier men 
 and women, and so make the world better and happier through 
 them. There is preventive as well as rescue and remedial work 
 to be done. We Christians have no right to find fault with the 
 young for indifference to worthy things and for seeking social 
 satisfactions in unworthy and harmful ways, unless we are also 
 trying to teach them better and also to supply them with better 
 places and means of innocent and helpful recreation. 
 
 Again: The world is full of evils — physical, moral, social, 
 economic, political. There is something terribly wrong with 
 the whole state of things when so many of our fellow men are 
 still in so much unnecessary bodily need or pain, ignorant or 
 defiant of all moral restraints and decencies, tormented and 
 maddened by the inconsiderateness or unfairness or injustice or 
 tyranny of others. And is all this just to be let alone by the rest 
 of us, to drift on and better itself as best it may? Have we 
 Christian men and women — we, above all others — have we no 
 concern or duty in trying to find and remove the causes of all 
 this? Otherwise — what are we Christians for? Not that the 
 Churches, as churches, are to organize and conduct reform 
 campaigns. That is not their business. Their business is to 
 preach principles — the principles of righteousness and justice, 
 in the Spirit of Jesus Christ. Then it is for Christian men and 
 women as citizens, as members of the community filled with 
 the Christ-Spirit, to organize and apply the studies and the 
 forces needed to remedy such evils. At any rate, no parish 
 ought to be able to go on any longer as a mere comfortable re- 
 ligious club, after it has once heard this call out and up to a 
 
 168 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 larger, nobler life of service to its own community, its country, 
 and the whole world. 
 
 And now I need hardly say how perfectly, to my mind, Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, has already realized all these high ideals. 
 Its new and present era began, of course, with the coming to 
 you, from Saint George's Church, New York, in 1898, of the 
 Rev. Mr. Stein and the Rev. Mr. Nelson. It is hardly credible 
 now that after the Rev. Dr. Gibson was, in 1897, made Bishop 
 of Virginia, some members of your vestry, while still paying a 
 $4,000 choir, were bemoaning the poverty of the parish, and, 
 after a year's vacancy, were thinking of abandonment For- 
 tunately, all such ideas were soon effectually dissipated by an- 
 other and very radical idea. Of that the two following letters 
 are interesting souvenirs. The first is from Bishop Potter, of 
 New York: "My dear Bishop: I have your letter of the 14th inst., 
 and beg leave to suggest the Rev. Alexis Stein, of St George's 
 Church, New York, for the vacancy. He is highly spoken of as 
 a preacher. He is a man in every way of unusual force and 
 ability and of fine fiber." The other is from the Rev. Dr. 
 Rainsford, the then rector of St. George's : "My dear Friend : 
 I am going to give you the greatest proof I can of my love and 
 deep interest in Cincinnati. I have a plan for Christ Church. 
 Here it is. Take two of my men — let them work and live to- 
 gether; they could take a mighty strong hold, and do a really 
 good work. I feel sure that in the future many a position of 
 great difficulty can be much better occupied by two men, pulling 
 together, than by one alone. There are two magnificent fel- 
 lows — dear, dear boys after my own heart — who have been here 
 with me for years; and I shall be lost without them, if you 
 call them. Stein (Alexis) is the ablest preacher of his age (28) 
 in our Church in these United States to-day. Nelson (Frank) is 
 a strong, capable man, full of energy and charm and a first- 
 class organizer. This is a big idea, my friend ; but I believe 
 God may be in it. It is like offering to cut off both my hands 
 for you." What a fortunate, blessed thing it was for Christ 
 Church just then, and still, that the Church in Cincinnati had 
 made and kept such a friend as Dr. Rainsford; that all the 
 splendid inspiration of his own great personality and great 
 work, focused in those two fine proteges of his, should have been 
 brought to bear on your life ; and that we are once more able 
 to tell our great gratitude to him personally present with us 
 to-day. 
 
 What the instantaneous and wonderful effect was of putting 
 his plan in operation you all know as well as I: the immediate 
 winning of the love, confidence and support of all hearts and 
 hands ; the inspiring sermons ; the gradual abolition of that old, 
 long-established, vicious, pew-rent system ; the erection of the 
 first parish house for new, aggressive parish and social work; 
 
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APPENDIX 
 
 then, after Mr. Stein's sad breakdown and resignation, the wise 
 elevation of the Rev. Mr. Nelson to the rectorship, with such 
 admirable associates as the Rev. Mr. Melish, Rev. Mr. Poole, 
 Rev. Mr. Attridge, and the others; the stimulating preaching 
 again, and faithful pastoral work; the increased activity and 
 expansion of organized work; the noble gift of the greater 
 parish house to meet the need; and all the manifold results 
 which make Christ Church to-day one of the strongest, most 
 beneficent, and most influential churches in the country. But 
 mere words seem superfluous here ; you all know the facts ; and, 
 in order to see the whole story at a glance and in the concrete, 
 you have only to look first at the two pictures on your pro- 
 gramme — one of the little old first church, the other of your 
 present great church and parish house, keeping in mind the 
 beautiful chapel soon to be added; and then to look at your 
 last Year Book, with the facts and figures of church member- 
 ship and church offerings, and your endless organizations turn- 
 ing your parish house into a perfect beehive of activities day 
 and night — for spiritual helpfulness, for the moral and social 
 betterment of thousands of young people, and for the promotion 
 of every other worthy public interest. At one time I felt that 
 there was room for real fear here of some of the evils often 
 inherent in merely institutional church work; but the all-suffi- 
 cient answer now to that fear is found in the manifest present 
 strength of the spiritual life of the parish; in its great congre- 
 gations of worshipers, in its great annual confirmation classes; 
 in its communicant roll of 1,400, in the Sunday School roll of 500, 
 and in the early communions of three or four hundred young 
 people at a time. How much of all these blessed results is due 
 to the ministry and leadership of the Rev. Frank Nelson you 
 know and feel, as well as I. 
 
 And so, to the devoted, successful, modest, beloved and alto- 
 gether worthy Rector of Christ Church to-day, and to his good 
 and loyal and nobly generous people, I bring congratulations 
 on all that past and joy in all the present, not only from your 
 Bishops, but also from all the fellow clergy and sister parishes 
 throughout the city and the diocese. We do give devout thanks 
 to God for all you have done and are still doing for his glory 
 and the good of souls. 
 
 Those past hundred years of your parish history — are they 
 a closed volume now, something complete and separate and 
 apart by itself; or are they rather just a single chapter in the 
 one continuous history of God's people? The men and women 
 who made that parish history — many of them near and dear 
 to you — did they just have their little day and play their part 
 and pass entirely away; and is their spiritual life no longer 
 a part of your parish life, here or hereafter? It would be heart- 
 breaking if we had to believe that that were so. 
 
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 But the dear God has given us Christians a better faith and 
 hope than that. One of the things modern science has taught us 
 is that there is no new life in this world — not even at birth; 
 and no ending of life, even at death — though there is then a 
 dissipation — and redistribution of the life-forces. Life at birth 
 takes on a new form, a new personality; but there is no new 
 life — there is only newly-communicated life. All life must come 
 from pre-existent life. For life, not death, is the dominant fact 
 in God's universe ; death is but an incident. The one continu- 
 ous stream of natural life goes on from the beginning, forever 
 being checked and turned aside by death at particular points, 
 but never turned back; the main stream forever flowing onward. 
 So with the spiritual life of God's people in any given person or 
 generation. It never ceases, though it seems to disappear, at 
 death; for, though hidden dien with God in Christ, it is still 
 part of the continuous life of his people, flowing on through all 
 the generations. Those many dear souls of your spiritual past 
 here — they are still with us in the spirit; still one with us in 
 faith and hope; their good works are still present to inspire 
 us and bless us; we all wait together the final and glorious 
 consummation above. 
 
 The writer to the Hebrews, in a wonderfully beautiful chap- 
 ter, carries us down in thought along the whole line of Hebrew 
 worthies from the beginning, and shows us how they all died 
 in faith and hope, not yet having received the promises; how 
 they all confessed that they were only "pilgrims and strangers" 
 here upon the earth — for they were always "looking for a city 
 which had foundations, whose builder and maker is God." 
 Even so we Christians ourselves — says the writer — "have here 
 no continuing city;" but (in our spiritual life) we too still "seek 
 one to come." In other words, their spiritual life and ours look 
 on to the same consummation; neither is complete without the 
 other. For God, says the writer, "had foreseen some better 
 thing concerning us, that apart from us they should not be per- 
 fect." "Nor," he might have added, "could we be made per- 
 fect without them." Here is the blessed doctrine of "the Com- 
 munion of Saints." 
 
 It is a peculiar merit of mediaeval stained glass that the light, 
 passing through the windows, carries the colors and almost the 
 figures with it, and so fills the whole church interior with a flood 
 of glory and almost of unseen life as from heaven itself. What 
 a comfort, as your parish life and worship and work still go on, 
 to feel that so — all about you, inspiring and blessing you, are 
 the spiritual influences — the witness and the sympathy and the 
 good works — of those who have gone before you here! 
 
 Again: Nothing is more real and beautiful in Christianity 
 than the pastoral relationship — the relation of pastor and peo- 
 ple, of a shepherd and his own particular flock. Some of the 
 
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APPENDIX 
 
 most tender and grateful and sacred associations of the past are 
 connected with this thought. But although there have been many 
 pastors and many flocks among you, although there is such dis- 
 tinctness, still there is no separateness of interest, in all this. 
 For at the last each shepherd will bring his own sheep with 
 him and call them each by name; but also it will be a comfort 
 to remember that all shall come together then to become parts 
 of the One Flock under the One Chief Shepherd, Jesus Christ, 
 the Lord. 
 
 So I can not close without claiming my own large and pre- 
 cious share of interest, also, as your Bishop, in your spiritual 
 past and present. For twenty-eight years I have gone in and 
 out among you, preaching the Word of Life, ministering the 
 means of grace, and learning to love and care for your souls, 
 even more than for my own. I have broken your bread; I have 
 shared your home life; and I have been with many of you in 
 your happiness and in your sorrows. For all these privileges 
 of fellowship and service among you I am very grateful. May 
 God spare us awhile together yet in our glad labors for him. I 
 thank your present Rector, and vestry especially for the invita- 
 tion to speak to you now again on this festal anniversary day. 
 
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