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 Gleanings on gardens ch;,?'');, T^jf-Kji^^^ 
 
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GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
lliis work was originally published in 1829, and 
 copies of the Edition of that date a/re now very ran-ely 
 met with. In this reprint some revision of the original 
 issue has been attempted, though certain qumnt amd 
 cwrious forms of spelling remcdn as in the original, 
 A Bibliography of the books referred to casuaily through- 
 out the work, and am Index of Names, &c., have been 
 added. 
 
GLEANINGS 
 ON GARDENS 
 
 CHIEFLT ^ESTECTING 
 
 THOSE OF THE ANCIENT 
 
 STTLE IN ENGLAND 
 
 By S. FELTON 
 
 PRIVATELY PRINTED FOR 
 
 ARTHUR L. HUMPHREYS 
 
 187 PICCADILLY, LONDON 
 1897 
 
 5 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 TV T"Y inducement for pubKshing the following 
 pages is, in one instance, by way of answer 
 to many requests that have been made to me on 
 account of what the conductor of the Qardener'a 
 Magaziibe subjoined to a short communication I sent 
 to him in 1826; and which communication, and its 
 answer, appeared in that Magazine for October, 1826. 
 I have given them below.* I beg, therefore, to say 
 
 * ' Sni, — If the three underwritten brief suggestions are worthy 
 
 of your acceptance, or if they will be the means of inducing any 
 
 person to effect something of the same kmd, they are at your 
 
 service, , 
 
 ' I am, Sir, your constant reader, 
 
 'Jwne, 1826. 'S. Felton.' 
 
 ' 1. Would it be desirable to have A Catalogue RaisormS of 
 Books on Hortictdtwe, English and foreign ?— The first series of the 
 English catalogue to be brought down to the demise of Henry VIII. ; 
 the second to that of Charles II. ; the third to that of Greorge IL ; 
 the fourth to that of George III. 
 
 'Nearly fifty years ago, I saw in the libraries at Caen and 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 that it is not in my power, for many reasons (declining 
 health being one), to supply any of the desiderata 
 there alluded to. The Catalogue RaAsomnle, as well 
 as the Biography of some ea/rly Horticiillmrists, would 
 find, we all know, abundant materials towards com- 
 posing them in many rich pages in the EncydopaedAa 
 of Gatrdenvng, and in the libraries of Oxford, Cam- 
 bridge, the British Museum, in those of the late Sir 
 Joseph Banks, and of the present W. Forsyth, Esq., 
 and in those of the London, Caledonian, and other 
 
 Eouen, several Anglo-Norman MSS. on the cultivation of cider, and 
 on general agriculture, and very possibly there may be some con- 
 cerning horticulture. Many libraries on the Continent, no doubt, 
 ■will throw light on this subject, particularly those of Ghent, 
 Bruges, Brussels, and Holland. 
 
 • 2. A curious work might be formed by giving copies of some of 
 those plates which adorn many old books which contain descrip- 
 tions of some of our Old English Owrdens, belonging to our ancient 
 religious houses, or to the mansions of our old nobility and gentry. 
 Some of these plates are by admirable foreign engravers. They 
 might be classed under each county, and brought down to the 
 demise of George II. 
 
 ' Ray dedicates his Flora to Lady Gerrard, of Gcrrard's Bromley, 
 in Staffordshire. Plot gives a plate of this mansion, and part of its 
 garden. See also the garden in Vertue's fine whole-length print of 
 Sir P. Sydney. Perhaps there may be somewhere a plate of Sir 
 W. Raleigh's garden at Sherborne, in Dorsetshire. We have this 
 account of his house: ''A most fyne house, beautified with 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 Horticultural Societies. I unwillingly relinquish this 
 latter work, being certain that I could by no means 
 do the subject justice. I have very slightly attempted 
 it in a little tract, published a few months, ago under 
 the title of On the Portraits of English Authors on 
 Gwdening. Both these subjects must diffuse in the 
 mind of the composer nearly the same delight with 
 which Horace "Walpole prepared the papers of Vei-tue; 
 which Dr. Pulteney no doubt experienced when 
 sketching the Progress of Botamy ; which the Rev. 
 
 -orchardes, gardens, and groves of such varietie and delyght, that 
 whether you consider the goodnesse of soyle, the pleasauntnesse of 
 the seate, and other delycaoles belonging to it, it is unparalleled by 
 any in these partes." 
 
 ' What information, on this head, might have been gleaned from 
 the late Sir W. Temple, or from Kent, or from even him who has 
 immortalised Kent, &om Mr, Pope himself, whose chief delight was 
 in his own garden, or from Mr. Evelyn, Mr. Qray, Mr. Mason, or 
 &om Mr. Bates, the celebrated and ancient horticulturist of High 
 Wycombe, who died there some few years ago, at the great age of 
 eighty-nine ! 
 
 ' This work might include many scattered and curious gleanings 
 from our old gardens. I will mention only one : " Talking of 
 hedges," says Mr, Cobbett, in one aiVtsRwral Rides, " reminds me 
 of having seen a box-hedge just as I came out of Petworth, more 
 than twelve feet broad, and about fifteen feet high. I daresay it 
 is several centuries old. I think it is about forty yards long. It is 
 a great curiosity." In some of the villages near Northampton, are 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 Patrick Keith must have felt when composing the 
 Introduction to his System of Physiological Botmmf ; 
 or which warmed the breast of Hector St. John, when 
 dedicating his Letters from cm American Farmer to 
 the Abb6 Baynal, 
 
 With respect to the plates of oiir old EngUsh 
 gwrdens, I have only to say that when I published, in 
 1785, Miscellcmies on Ancient and Modem Ga/rdening, 
 and on the Seenery of Natwre, I formed a plan of pub- 
 lishing views of some secluded, curious old mansions, 
 
 some elder trees of singularly uuusual size. About the year 1688, 
 many gardens would then have furnished one with what is now 
 suggested, if we may judge from what Worlidge then wrote : 
 "Neither is there a noble or pleasant seat in England, but hath it» 
 gardens for pleasure and delight. So that we may, without vanity, 
 conclude, that a garden of pleasant avenues, walks, fruits, flowers, 
 grots, and other branches springing from it, well composed, is the 
 only complete and permanent inanimate object of delight the world 
 affords." 
 
 '3. A Biography of some ewrly HorticvMmmts would diffuse 
 much curious matter.' 
 
 ' We should be much gratified if Mr. Felton would supply some 
 of the above interesting desiderata himself. Though we have not 
 the advantage of his acquaintance, and do not know his address, 
 we can infer from his communication that few are so capable of 
 instructing and entertaining the curious horticulturist. A 
 biography of Mr. Bates, or any anecdotes respecting him, would 
 
 very acceptable.' 
 
PREFACE. ix 
 
 such as those not generally known to the public, from 
 their being more buried in the bosom of the country : 
 
 ' Et dcfid Vaspect i/mptiiM, et comanande Vhmmemr.' 
 
 With their venerable decorations of ancient splendour, 
 their gardens, and their portraits ; many of beauties 
 whose cheeks ' bloom in after-ages,' and where I have 
 indignantly seen many rich treasures of painting 
 mouldering on their walls. What I then collected 
 was, many years ago, destroyed or parted with; 
 for those whom I most wished to have pleased have 
 long since been shrouded in the silence of the tomb : 
 
 ' Ett£h im, Ms nmrow ceUfor enert laid.' 
 
 One viewed such neglected and venerable seats with 
 regret at the decay of so many appendages of the 
 grandeur, or happiness, of former times ; one trod the 
 ground where many eminent and worthy men resided 
 with pensive emotions of respect (so Johnson felt 
 when viewing the alcove and garden at Welwyn), and 
 as the ' inaudible and noiseless foot of time ' has long 
 since extinguished these ancient and, some of them, 
 magnificent houses, with their hospitable establish- 
 ments, one can only reflect on what Madame de 
 Sevign6 says : ' La vie est courte, c'est bien tot fait ; 
 
PREhACE. 
 
 le fleuve qui nous entraine est si rapide, qu'i peine 
 pouvons-nous y paroltre.' 
 
 I cannot refrain from giving the following extract 
 from Dr. Pultene/s Sketches, just premising that the 
 writings of John Ray must impress eveiy one with the 
 highest sentiments of respect and veneration for that 
 eminent man, whose whole life was devoted to 
 charitahle and benevolent purposes. ' It may gratify 
 the curiosity of some,' says Dr. Pulteney, 'who 
 reverence the name of Mr. Ray, to be informed, that 
 in one of these excursions Dr. Watson was led, by his 
 respect to the memory of that great and good man, to 
 visit the spot where he had lived at Black Notley, in 
 Essex. This was in the year 1760. To Dr. Watson 
 this was classical ground. I was informed by him at 
 that time that he f o\uid Mr. Ray's monument removed 
 out of the church, where it formerly stood, into the 
 churchyard, and hardly visible for brambles ; these he 
 had removed while he stayed. That he found the 
 house in a state which indicated no alteration having 
 taken place, except what more than half-a-century of 
 time might be supposed necessarily to have occasioned ; 
 unless that indeed some of the windows were stopped 
 up to save the tax ; and that the orchard bore all the 
 
PREFACE. xi 
 
 appearance of being, as near as possible, in the state 
 in which it must have been in Mr. Ray's lifetime. 
 That the inhabitants of the village knew little of him, 
 and the people of the house had only heard that he 
 was a great traveller.' 
 
 A writer whose name I forget observes, ' Where 
 is now the Greek, or the Roman, or the Goth, or the 
 Norman ? — all gone down and mingled with the mass 
 of mankind. What imperial nation of antiquity has 
 retained its laws, or religion, or countenance ? The 
 grave has mixed them all in one great decay, and 
 other masters of empire have marched upon the soil 
 and trampled out their monuments.' 
 
 Not many years ago a rich illuminated pedigree of 
 the ancient, but now forgotten and extinct, family of 
 Cufaude was discovered stopping the broken casement 
 of a miserable cottage at Basingstoke.* 
 
 The following article is from No. 311 of that 
 amusing assemblage of literature, the Mirror : ' In the 
 churchyard of Aldworth, near Newbury, is a yew-tree 
 which, according to the best information, is not less 
 than 800 years c^d. The girth of one part of the 
 
 * ' Here's a fine revolution if we had the trick to see it.' 
 
 HwmHet. 
 
xii PREFACE. 
 
 trunk is above nine yards, and its branches extend 
 over the graves beneath to an immense extent. On 
 entering the church we are struck with astonishment 
 at the sight of the gigantic effigies and tombs that 
 occupy a very large proportion of its interior ; there 
 are four reclining figures of men in armour, and on a 
 tomb near the pulpit, in the middle of the church, are 
 figures in brass of Nicholas, Lord de la Beche, and his 
 lady, resting their heads on stone pillars, and their 
 feet on lions or dogs. The effigies are all of the family 
 of de la Beche, who came from Normandy with 
 WiUiam the First. Tradition says there was a pedi- 
 gree of the family formerly hung at the east end of 
 the south aisle ; but that, when Elizabeth visited 
 Aldworth in one of her excursions, Leicester took it 
 down to show to Her Majesty and it was never replaced. 
 The arches against the north and south walls over the 
 tomb of Lord and Lady de la Beche are much enriched 
 with quartrefoUs, roses, crocketts, &c., in the prevail- 
 ing taste of Edward the Third.' These few instances 
 feelingly remind one ' what shadows we are and what 
 shadows we pursue.' 
 
 A translation from some Chinese book thus 
 moralises on the revolutions of families: 'These 
 
PREFACE. xiii 
 
 verdant moiiutains, these lovely meadows, were once 
 possessed by families now gone to decay. Let not the 
 present possessors exult too much ; others after them 
 may be masters in their turn.' 
 
 I offer nearly all the following pages, meagre as 
 they are, as a skeleton, or a very loose sketch, and in 
 the hope that some spirited and affluent person may 
 publish what I have in the first page of the following 
 work suggested ; and that such person may be induced 
 to make application to the descendants of some of 
 those families who may have preserved vestiges, or 
 drawings, of gardens, which were once the pride and 
 delight of their ancestors. That oil paintings of our 
 ancient gardens now exist in the mansions of many of 
 our nobility and gentry there can be no doubt. If 
 such a work as the above proposed one should ever 
 strike the mind of the author of the Essay on the Life, 
 Character, and Talents of Thomas Chatterton, and 
 whose rich plates so grandly exhibit that 
 
 ' . . . . mysterie of a human hand, 
 The pride of Bristowe and the western land,' 
 
 there can be no doubt but that the engravings which 
 would then be produced of oiu- ancient gardens would 
 
xiv PREFACE. 
 
 deserve the same honest testimony which was paid to 
 his other plates of our Anoient Architectwre amd Gaths- 
 d/r<d Antiqmties, viz. : ' "With respect to the plates, it 
 would not be easy to find any language too emphatical 
 in praise. ^Nothing more exquisite has been seen, or 
 can be conceived, than the execution of them.'. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. rkau 
 
 I. Gleanings on Gaedens, chiefly respect- 
 
 INQ THOSE OP THE AnCIENT StYLE IN 
 
 England 1 
 
 II. Description of many Gardens in 
 
 England and Scotland in 1714 ... 11 
 
 III. On Conventual Gardens 57 
 
 IV. On Garden Burial 60 
 
 V. On Cottage Gardens 73 
 
 VI. On the Cultivation op the Vine in 
 
 England 83 
 
 VII. Mr. Pope's Letter to Martha Blount, 
 describing the Seat op Sir "W. 
 Saleigh ... ... ... ••• 88 
 
 VIII. Pope's Villa at Twickenham ... 96 
 
 Bibliography 103 
 
 Index 119 
 
Gleanings on Gardens, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS, CHIEFLY, RESPECTING 
 THOSE OF THE ANCIENT STYLE IN ENGLAND. 
 
 IN that rich assemblage of whatever concerns 
 horticulture, Loudon's Encydopcsdia of Gar- 
 dening, is ( page 71 ) a beautiful plate of Chats- 
 worth ; and in the second volume of Britton's Archi- 
 teotwal Antiqmties are two fascinating plates, of the 
 old garden at Oxnead Hall and of that at Long- 
 leat. The sight of these plates may, and I hope wiU, 
 induce some gentleman to publish in a similar neat 
 style a selection of plates of some of those magnificent 
 and beautiful old English gardens which, during the 
 reigns of Elizabeth, James I. and II., Charles I. and 
 II., William, Anne, George I. and II., and the early 
 part of that of George III., adorned, embellished, 
 and enriched the mansions of many of our nobility 
 and gentry. 
 
 That distinguished writer on the Picturesque, Sir 
 
2 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 TJvedale Price, even he regrets with exquisite feeling 
 the destruction of many of our gardens in the old 
 style, arguing for the preservation of the few re- 
 mains that then existed of their ancient magnificence. 
 Horace Walpole, too, brings to our pleased recollection 
 the ancient style of some of our gardens, when his 
 enthusiasm paints with such delight that art which, 
 to use his own words, ' softens Nature's harshness and 
 copies her graceful touch.' To such, therefore, who 
 wish to view what engramnga have been given of 
 some of our ancient gardens, I beg to offer the follow- 
 ing most scanty and scattered gleanings for their 
 inspection : — 
 
 In the Ga/rdeneii's Lahyrinfh, ' are set forth divers 
 knots and mazes, cunningly handled for the beauti- 
 fying of gardens ;' and two or three of these woodcuts 
 might be copied.* 
 
 In the title-page to Gerard's own edition of his 
 HerboM is a very neat plate of a garden, probably his 
 own 'fine garden' in Holbom, so eulogised by Dr. 
 Bullen and others. 
 
 Chauncey's Herts exhibits Aspeden Hall with its 
 garden. Eespect for the memory of John Lightfoot, 
 the most eminent in Biabbinical learning this country 
 
 • In the Catalogue of the Harlelan MSS., No. 5308, is the 
 following entry : — 'Variety of plans for garden plots, wildernesses, 
 &c., neatly drawn on paper, but without any writing at all.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 3 
 
 ever produced, and whose residence at Catherine Hall, 
 Cambridge, causes that spot to be stUl gazed on with 
 respectful awe, induces one to wish this view of 
 Aspeden (the frequent scene of his happy social visits) 
 was re-engraved. One may say of Lightfoot what was 
 said of Young — 'full of benevolence, goodness, and 
 piety.' A beautiful edition of Chauncey has lately 
 come out in two volumes, 8vo., and which exhibits 
 three or four other gardens. 
 
 Worlidge, in his Systema Horticvltwrce, 8vo., 1688, 
 has two engravings by Van Houe, being the form of 
 gardens ' according to the newest models.' Though 
 these may be called very simple models, yet one almost 
 wishes to preserve them out of respect to the author, 
 so frequently does he break forth in praise of gardens. 
 
 Kennet's Pwrochial Antiqmties gives a good plate 
 of Saresden House and garden, and one or two other 
 gardens. 
 
 Dugdale's Wmrwichshire has five or six gardens. 
 
 The frontispiece to the seventh edition of London 
 and Wise's Compleat GwrdJner, and the two neat cuts 
 of gardens, at page 22 ; also, in their Retired Gwrdene/r 
 are several plates of parterres, knots, labyrinths, grass 
 plots and arches, and a plan of Marshal Tallard's 
 garden at Nottingham. 
 
 In Bray's Memoirs of John Evelyn is a slight 
 etching of the garden at Wootton. 
 
4 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 Several plates are worth inspecting in Switzer's 
 Fruit Gwrdener, in his lolmographia, and in his 
 Hyd/ra/tdicks. 
 
 Thomas Bowles engraved treUis-work for the 
 entrances into arbors, shady walks, &c, 
 
 Langley's Frindples of Gardening, and James' 
 Theory and Praciice of Gardening may be seen. 
 
 There is rather a curious frontispiece to the Yowng 
 Gao'dner's Director, by H. Stevenson, 1716, 8vo. ; 
 another also in the Gowning Gentleman's fade Meemn, 
 by Giles Jacob, 1717, 8vo. ; and another very neat 
 one as a frontispiece to Charles Evelyn's Lady's 
 Becreation. 
 
 Buck has given us the curious garden at Hon- 
 nington Hall, Warwickshire. 
 
 The frontispiece to Seely's Stowe. 
 
 Highmore drew, and Tinney engraved, a set of 
 beautiful views of Hampton Court, Middlesex, and 
 the gardens. 
 
 The frontispiece to Miller's Dictionary, 2 vols., 
 folio, 1731. 
 
 The frontispiece to Nourse's Conupamna Fcdiao, 8vo. 
 
 Lawrence's Glergymcm's Becreation gives two plates. 
 One of these, I presume, exhibits his own garden and 
 vicarage house ; if so, this should be an additional 
 motive for our preserving this Uttle testimony to his 
 memory. He is weU deserving of it from the zeal 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 5 
 
 with which he throughout mentions the pleasures of 
 a garden. 
 
 Many of the old gardens at Oxford may be seen 
 in the curious views given of them in Loggan's 
 Oxonia Tllustrata ; in the very neat ones in Skelton's 
 Oxoma Sestaurata and in Williams' Oxonia Depicfa. 
 Beeverell, in his Ddices de la Grcmde Bretagne, has 
 given reduced copies of some of them, and also of the 
 Cambridge gardens. Loggan has also given some of 
 the latter ones in his Ocmtdbrigia Illusi/rata.* 
 
 * James Dallaway, inliis interesting Anecdotes of the Arts, pays 
 the following tribute to Oxford : — ' Oxford is not more distinguished' 
 for beauty as a city, than for the number and pleasantness of its 
 gardens and public resorts. The "cathedral length of trees" at 
 Christ Church, the bowers of Merton, the happy effects of modem 
 gardening at St. John's, and of the style of the last age in Trinity- 
 and New Colleges, with the delightful retreats on the bants of the 
 Cherwell, at Magdalene, compose environs of infinite amenity. 
 The English Aoademus enjoys its "studious walks and shades"' 
 which yield to those of Athens only on account of the revolutions 
 of our climate.' 
 
 It is scarcely possible to think on Oxford without the mind 
 recurring to the recollection of the late Dr. Thomas Warton. No 
 man took greater pleasure than he did in conversing, not only on its 
 ancient college gardens, but on those that in his youth existed in the 
 adjacent counties. His poems exhibit the richest imagery when 
 painting the scenes of Nature. Flattery cannot now 'sooth the dull 
 cold ear of death,' and therefore let me devote a very brief tribute 
 to that mild and good man, by quoting a few lines from one who 
 knew him well : ' Before I enter on the subject of his great literary 
 abilities I must mention what is much more estimable, the virtu 
 and goodness of his heart. Truth, honour, and a generosity of dis- 
 position, endeared him to all who knew him. From an unsuspecting 
 
6 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 There is a cut of a little garden in the title-page 
 to Burton's Leicestershire. 
 
 Morant's Ussex has a plan of Colchester, which 
 gives the gardens belonging to a great many of their 
 private houses. This reminds one of what the 
 Encydopcedia of Gardening, at page 1070, says : 
 ' Formerly the tradesmen of Chelmsford and Col- 
 chester were much attached to the culture of florists' 
 
 honesty of heart flowed a gentleness, a simplicity of manners, which 
 rendered him highly endearing to his friends. He was above all the 
 little evasions of cold and selfish hearts ; a benevolence extensive 
 gave a lustre to every virtue. He never did a mean action : always 
 exalted, always excellent, noble, and elevated in his sentiments, his 
 character was unsullied. He was eminent for all the mild and social 
 virtues. The goodness and sweetness of his disposition were re- 
 markable. Such was the elevation of his mind, that he appeared 
 totally above taking notice of what so often discomposes even men 
 of sense and learning. One of the chief parts in his character was 
 benevolence. How great must be the charitable temper he possessed 
 when his income, which solely arose from his merit and literary 
 labours, was great part of it spent in benevolent actions ! As he 
 was the least ostentatious of men, much of his generous goodness 
 was concealed, yet much was known to the world ; the rest to only 
 bis Creator, to good angels, and to himself ; his beneficence, like 
 himself, was silent and sincere.' 
 
 Let me apply to him what Swift's Lord Cork says of Archbishop 
 Herring : ' Honour and reverence will attend his name while this 
 world lasts ; happiness and glory will remain with him for ever.' 
 
 I cannot also prevent myself from appealing to my reader in the 
 concluding words of Boileau's epitaph on Bacine : ' toi qui que 
 tu sois, qui la piete attire en ce saint lieu, plains dans un si excellent 
 homme la triste destinte de tons les mortels ; et quelquegiandeidfe 
 que puisse te donner de lui sa rdputatiou, souviens-toi que ce sont 
 des prices, et non pas de vains ^loges qu'il te demande.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 7 
 
 flowers, and they still continue to be so in a con- 
 siderable degree.' 
 
 Kip has engraved, in folio, from the designs of 
 KnyflF, very interesting views of the magnificence of 
 our old gardens, under the title of Britmmia Elustrata. 
 
 Atkyns' Gloucestershire gives us many of Kip's 
 views. 
 
 Beeverell's Belices de la Gfrcmde Bretagne et de 
 VIrlamde, 8vo. 12mo., Leide, 1727, gives many views 
 of old English gardens, most of them reduced views 
 from Kip. 
 
 Peter Vander, at Amsterdam, published in an 
 oblong 8vo. reduced views from Kip, entitled Fws 
 dea Titles, in several parts or tomes. 
 
 Badeslade published Thirty-six views of Seats in 
 Kent, with their gardens; no date, folio; some of 
 them engraved by Kip. 
 
 To simi up all, let me again refer to the most 
 beautiful plates ever given of old English gardens, 
 namely, to that at Oxnead Hall, in the second 
 volume of Britton's Architectwral Antiquities, and to 
 his exquisite copy of Kip's views of the garden at 
 liongleat, in the same splendid volume. 
 
 Whether any of the following plates may be 
 worth copying, I leave to others to judge of: — 
 
 Isaac de Caux published Twenty-six plates of 
 WUUm Ga/rdens. Woollett engraved views of the 
 
8 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 gardens at Whitton, those at Wilton, and Sir F. 
 Dashwood's at West Wycombe. Vivar^s also en- 
 graved some. 
 
 RysbrakOj and also DonoweU, gave Tiews of 
 Chiswiek Gardens ; Chatelain gave those at Stowe ; 
 aU published by Wilkinson, Bowles, and Laurie. The 
 finest Ti&uss of the Gardens at Stowe were drawn by 
 Eigaud, and pubKshed by Swrah Bridgemcm in 1739. 
 
 Wale drew, and Muller engraved, -4 g-eMJ-aZ Propped 
 of the Gardens at Va/uxhall, 
 
 Ant. Walker drew a curious view of Prior Park. 
 
 Stainborough House and garden, in Yorkshire, 
 was published by Wilkinson ; he also published views 
 of Hampton Court, Middlesex, and its gardens. 
 
 Some of the following works may possibly lead to 
 the discovery of prints of some of our old gardens, 
 or at least, may contain descriptions of some of 
 them :— 
 
 Leland's Jtinerari/, some of whose pages I should 
 think must oflfer a few choice bits of brief gleanings. 
 The Unof/dopmdM of Gwd&nmg, at page 69, refers 
 to some of the gardens that Leland mentions.* 
 
 Aubrey's Smrey, and, no doubt, some of our other 
 county histories. 
 
 * Leland thus speais of Guy's Cliff: 'It is a place fit for the 
 Muses ; there is sylence ; a praty wood ; onfe-ainmwsaax? (grottoes 
 in the living rook) ; the river rolling over the stones with a praty 
 noise.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. g 
 
 Iiysons' Magna Britamvia, Stukeley's Itimirwn/wm 
 Gvjnoswm, Lysons' Evmroms, Gough's British Topch 
 graphy. That richly interesting work of Brayley amd 
 Bntton's, the Beauties of Englamd amd Wales, in 
 twenty-six volumes. 
 
 Vertue's Oasford Ahnanaoks give a few of the old 
 gardens. 
 
 "Whether Ralph Aggas' bird's-eye view of Oxford 
 delineates any of its gardens, I know not, 
 
 Yertue's Desoripiion of Hollar's works. Hollar en- 
 graved Boscobel with its Garden ; and this Description 
 "will show his other English views. I faintly recollect 
 one of his plates, being that of a yew-tree, or box-tree, 
 in some garden, with a bower in it. He engraved also 
 Albury, in Surrey, the seat of Lord Arundel, with its 
 
 Did Michael Burgher, the delineator of Plot's 
 Amdenf Mansions, give us any other English ones? 
 or Van Houe, who engraved the two gardens in 
 Worlidge's Systema HorticidtwoB, and also the rural 
 frontispiece to his Systema Agri&dtwrae I or Vander 
 Gutch, who engraved for Switzer ? 
 
 One sees sometimes Portraits in oU having EngUsh 
 gardens in the hackgrownd, as in the original picture 
 of Sir Philip Sydney, by Zucchero, from which Vertue 
 engraved his very fine print. In the Ashmolean 
 Museum is, among others of the family, a portrait of 
 
10 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 Tradescant, the son, in his gaa-den, with a spade in hia 
 hand. In a Catalogue of pietwres, sold by South- 
 gate in 1826, was 'a small whole-length portrait of 
 Queen Henrietta Maria in a garden, with her two 
 favourite spaniels, by Honthorst.' In a Catalogue of 
 authenUe portraits in oU, sold by Horatio Rodd, in 
 1824, is a whole-length of WUliam Stukeley in his 
 cwrious gaa-den. In some of Netcher's pictiu'es one 
 often sees gardens, orange groves, and statues. So 
 also in many of Mompert's. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF MANY GARDENS IN ENGLAND 
 AND SCOTLAND, IN 17 14. 
 
 XXTHETHER it is likely to obtain prints or 
 » V drawings of any of our ancient gardens, 
 described or alluded to in any of the following works, 
 I know not : — 
 
 The first is from the Spectator, which originally 
 came out in small folio weekly numbers, a part of each 
 number being appropriated to advertisements In that 
 of August 14th, 1711, appears: — ' At Westerham, in 
 Kent, within twenty miles of London, a dwelling-house 
 is to be sold, with stables, coach-house, brew-house, 
 and complete conveniences of all kinds, together with 
 a very jme garden Icdd out in terraces, and planted 
 with variety of greens and fruit trees. Enquire at 
 the Lady Eeeve's, at Westerham, or at Mr. Wilkin- 
 son's Chambers, in Searle's Court, in Lincoln's Inn, 
 London.' 
 
 Peck, in his Desiderata Gruriosa, quotes the follow- 
 ing description of Theobald's, from a MS. Life of 
 Lwd Btwleigh: — 'He greatlie delighted in making 
 
12 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 gardens, fountains, walks, which at Theobald's were 
 perfected most costly, beauteyfuUy, and pleasantly, 
 where one might walk twoe myle in the walks before 
 he came to the end.' 
 
 The Topographer, Vol. II., after giving an interest- 
 ing description of Ashridge Abbey, says, ' The house 
 is entirely surrounded by walks, within which is tJie 
 old gcvrden, much neglected and growing wild. Here 
 are large laurels and yew-trees grown to an unusual 
 sizel ' Is there, among the archives of the Bridge- 
 water family, no view of the garden belonging to this 
 once most venerable and most ctu^ious of all curious 
 spots ? 
 
 The Magna Britomma speaks thus of Deepdene, 
 near Dorking: 'The house, gardens, orchards, and 
 boscages are placed in a most pleasant and delightful 
 solitude. In the garden, which may seem a second 
 Eden, there are twenty-one sorts of thjrme, many rare 
 flowers, and choice plants. On the south side of the 
 hill is a vineyard of many acres, and on the west a 
 laboratory and neat oratory. Where under heaven 
 can be a sweeter place?' 
 
 Sir H. Wotton calls the garden at "Ware Park ' a 
 delicate and diligent curiosity, without parallel among 
 foreign nations.' 
 
 Stebbing Shaw, in his Tmur to the West, after 
 describing Holm-Lacy, thus mentions the beauty 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 13 
 
 and magnificence of its gardens : ' The gardens to the 
 south front are all in King William's style of fortifi- 
 cations, surrounded with yew-hedges, cut in variety 
 of forms, according to the taste of that time. Some, 
 indeed, have been suffered to outgrow their original 
 shape, and are really beautiful. As there are so few 
 relics of these sorts of antiquities now remaining, 'tis 
 pity not to have the power of such an inspection 
 sometimes ; this is certainly a very fit object for that 
 purpose, and wUl, in all probability, long continue so.'* 
 
 * These once celebrated gardens were the delight of thatViscount 
 Scudamore, whose zeal was almost the occasion of throwing the 
 whole county of Hereford ' into one entire orchard ; ' and who 
 produced an apple 
 
 ' . . . . whose pulpous fruit, 
 With gold irradiate, and vermilion, shone tempting.' 
 
 To view these gardens, Laud frequently visited Holm-Lacy, and 
 they were a great solace to Lord Scudamore, when his friend, 
 Buckingham, was stabbed by Pelton. Lord Scudamore stood next 
 to the Duke when that blow was struck, and the grief which that 
 event caused induced him to retire from public life to Holm- Lacy. 
 He closed a life of honour in 1671. I believe it was this Lord 
 Scudamore who introduced Milton, when in his bloom of life, to the 
 aged Galileo, in Tuscany, after he had been twice in the Inquisition. 
 I gather this from the Mornings in Spring, where Nathan Drake 
 has given an interesting account of that meeting. 
 
 ^e dagger with which Pelton stabbed Buckingham was barbed at 
 the end Uke an arrow, so that when once it was stricken home into 
 the flesh, it must almost certainly be fatal. The dagger is preserved 
 at Newnham Paddox, in Leicestershire, the seat of the Earl of 
 Denbigh, whose possession of it seems to arise from his ancestor, 
 the first earl, having been married to Buckingham's sister. 
 
14 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 At Kiclunond Green, in the gardens of Sir M. 
 Decker, ' is said to be the longest and highest hedge 
 of holly that was ever seen, with several other hedges 
 of evergreens, vistas cut through woods, grottos, foun- 
 tains, a canal, a decoy, summer-house, and hot-houses, 
 in which the Indian fruit, called Ananas, was first 
 brought to maturity.' 
 
 Are there any views of Sir Hugh Piatt's garden 
 in St. Martin's Lane, or of Lord Bacon's at Gorham- 
 bury ? Whoever reads his chapter ' Of Gardens,' will 
 join me ia regretting that we have no vestige remain- 
 ing of that garden which his great mind formed for 
 the purpose of showing what tha true pleaswre of a 
 gcvrdem consists of. In the second volume of Malone's 
 publication of Avire^s Lette/ra are preserved a few 
 fragments of Gorhambury. 
 
 It would be curious and pleasant if one could obtain 
 drawings or engravings of any of the following gardens : 
 
 Dr. Turner's, at Wells, whom Gerard calls ' that 
 excellent, parnef ull, and diligent physition ; ' and of 
 whom Dr. Pulteney, in reference to his HerhaU, says, 
 • He will appear to have exhibited uncommon diligence 
 and great erudition, and fully to deserve the character 
 of an original writer.* 
 
 The Duke of Somerset's at Sion House. 
 
 The old garden at Hatfield, ' a labyrinth of dipt 
 yew hedges.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 15 
 
 Sir Edmund Anderson's at Harefield, who had ' a 
 faire house, standing on the edge of the hill, the River 
 Colne passing near the same thro' the pleasant meadows 
 and sweet pastures, yielding both delight and profit.' 
 
 Dr. Pulteney tells us that Lyle, in his E&rhal, 
 speaks of ' the pleasant garden of Jcmies Cha/mpcdgne, 
 the deer friende and lover of plantes.' 
 
 The gardens at Audley End, the erection of which 
 mansion cost 190,000Z, 
 
 Those of John de FranqueviUe, a London mer- 
 chant, and of Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Queen 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Loader's, in Greenwich, who Evelyn says ' grew 
 so rich as to build a house in the street, with gardens, 
 orangeries, canals, and other magnificence.' 
 
 Evelyn's pleasant villa at Deptford, which had ' a 
 fijie garden for walks, trees, and a little green-house.' 
 
 That at Ham House, Middlesex, where (says 
 Evelyn) 'the parterres, flower gardens, orangeries, 
 groves, avenues, courts, statues, perspectives, foun- 
 tains, aviaries, and all this at the banks of the 
 sweetest river in the world, must needs be admirable,' 
 
 The gardens at Beddington, the celebrated seat of 
 the Carews. 
 
 Those 'pleasant walks and topiary works,' that 
 Plot so warmly speaks of as adorning Brewood, and 
 other seats in Staffordshire. 
 
I6 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 The gardens at Camions, on some of the musical 
 days at which place, such was the eagerness to hear 
 Handel (and, no doubt, to view the garden), that fifty 
 Hackney coaches, crammed with company, have been 
 counted in one day at Edgeware. 
 
 That of Lady Brooke's at Hackney, ' one of the 
 neatest and most celebrated in England.' 
 
 That garden at Edger, which (as Switzer informs 
 us) was the very last Mr. London superintended, 
 belonging to the Earl of Carnarvon, one of the most 
 illustrious and most noble-spirited geniuses of this 
 age, who, notwithstanding his familiarity ia all other 
 arts and sciences, seems to have made gardening and 
 the august embellishments of his country seat, his 
 darling and favourite employ.* 
 
 * Switzer thus goes on ; ' And shall we not at least just mention 
 the Bight Honourable the Earls of Scarbrough, Sunderland, 
 Eoohester, and Chesterfield ; the Dukes of Montague, Bolton, and 
 Kent; not to omit, and that for many weighty reasons, the late, and 
 no less eminent in his love to gardening and agriculture, the present 
 illustrious and most noble Duke of Devonshire, with many others 
 amongst some of the greatest ornaments of arts and sciences, 
 especially gardening, that history has produced, in their several 
 chateaux and seats of Stanstead, Althorja, Neiw Poffk, &e , in those 
 oiBaaghton, Bomokwood, and Wrest, and last of all, in that stupen- 
 dous performaoace of Chatsworth.' 
 
 Let me add to these the name of Charles Montagu, Earl of 
 Halifax, the warm friend of Addison, whom TSokell alludes to 
 in his elegy on Addison, and which Dr. Drake, in his generous and 
 masterly biographical sketch of Addison, observes, 'may be 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 17 
 
 The garden at Moor Park, laid out by the Countess 
 of Bedford, celebrated by Dr. Donne, and which Sir 
 W. Temple declared was ' the sweetest place I think 
 that I have seen in my life, at home or abroad : and 
 the remembrance of what it was, is too pleasant ever 
 to forget.'* 
 
 Those magnificent gardens at Boughton, in North- 
 amptonshire, which consisted of ninety acres, 'with 
 aviaries, statues, urns, terraces, wildernesses, and 
 curious fountains.' 
 
 That of Lady Orford's in Dorsetshire, or that at 
 Stanstead, both aUuded to by Horace Walpole. 
 
 That which Pope thus describes in a letter to 
 Martha Blount, on his road to Bath : ' I lay one night 
 
 termed, -without dispute, one of the most affecting elegies in our 
 
 language ' : — 
 
 ' While speechless o'er thy closing grave we bend, 
 Accept these tears, thou dear departed friend ! 
 Oh, gone for ever ! take this long adieu, 
 And sleep in peace with thy own Montagu.' 
 
 * E. 0. Cambridge, in No. 118 of the WorU, written in 1755, 
 says, 'Sir W. Temple, in his Gardens of Epicwrus, expatiates 
 with great pleasure on that at Moor Park, in Hertfordshire ; yet 
 after he has eztoUed it as the pattern of a perfect garden, for use, 
 beauty, and magnificence, he rises to nobler images, and in a kind 
 of prophetic spirit points out a higher style, free and unoonfined. 
 The prediction is verified upon the spot ; and it seems to have been 
 the peculiar destiny of that delightful place to have passed through 
 all the transformations and modes of taste, having exercised the 
 genius of the most eminent artists successively, and serving as a 
 model of perfection in each kind.' 
 
 C 
 
i8 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 at Eousham, which is the prettiest place for water- 
 falls, jetts, ponds, inclosed with beautiful scenes of 
 green and hanging wood, that ever I saw.' 
 
 The ancient garden at Denton Court, in Kent, 
 with its high clipped hedges, terraces, and mount, and 
 near which winds for a mile or two a most beautiful 
 green valley that affords the most pleasing sequestered 
 walk, and where the poet Gray (I am quoting from 
 that most pleasiug compilation, the Topographer) used 
 to delight in many of its recluse scenes. 
 
 Mr. Braithwaite's gardens at Durham, in Glouces- 
 tershire, the description of which rural garden takes up 
 no less than fourteen of Switzer's pages, 'notwithstand- 
 ing the happy possessor bears no higher character than 
 that of a private gentleman. I never in my whole life 
 saw so agreeable a place for the sublimest studies as 
 this is.' 
 
 The gardens of Lord WUliam RusseU (beheaded in 
 1683) at Stratton, near Winchester, ' one of the best 
 of masters, as well as gardeners ; ' and whose severe 
 fate Switzer most gratefully lam.ents.* 
 
 * The Eev. John Lawrence, in his CUrgymom's Recreation, thus 
 mentions another garden near Winchester : ' I have myself seen the 
 summer Bon Cretien in the garden of my worthy friend, Dr. Wickart, 
 now Dean of Winchester, bear plenty of noble, large fruit, betwixt 
 twenty and thirty feet high. There also I have eaten excellent figs 
 from a prosperous tree, even the same that afforded some to King 
 James I., near a hundred years ago, as appears (I think) from a 
 memorandum on the wall.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 19 
 
 A gaxden at Hillingdon, near Uxbridge, must have 
 been a noted one, belonging to a ' most curious and 
 learned gentleman in the art of gardening, Samuel 
 Richardson, Esq,,' whom Bradley so frequently men- 
 tions in his New Improvemen,ts ; and in the church- 
 yard of which village he mentions the noted Yew-i/raes 
 there, after saying that the leaves of the Yew are so 
 small that it is possible to bring them to any form we 
 desire, as men, beasts, birds, ships, and the like, and in 
 which churchyard (by-the-bye) poor Dr. Dodd (whose 
 fate once made so much noise) and his wife are both 
 buried, and ' after Ufe'sfretfvlfener, sleep wdl'* 
 
 Bradley, in the above volume, notices no less than 
 
 * 'To give new teauties to your garden,' says the Eev. J. 
 LaTrrence, in his Clergyman's Recreation, ' none in my mind is to 
 be compared to the yew, which is so tonsUe, and grows so very thick 
 and beautiful with clipping, and withal bids defiance to the hardest 
 winters, that it is the best and most lasting ornament in a garden. 
 To make one in love with these hedges, you need only take a walk 
 in the Physic Gardens at Oxford, where you are presented with all 
 that art and nature can do, to make the things most agreeable to 
 the eye.' 
 
 Cobbett, when relating many particulars of the Yew in his 
 Woodlands (for his pen has an original power in describing these 
 subjects, he himself telling us, that his 'heart and mind is wrapped 
 up in everything belonging to the gardens, the fields, and the 
 woods '), observes that ' It resists all weather, stands uninjured on 
 the bleakest hills, where even the scrubbiest of thorns and under- 
 wood will hardly live. Big as the head of this tree generally is, in 
 proportion to its trunk, most heavily laden as it constantly is with 
 leaf, forming as it does such a hold for the wind, neither head nor 
 trunk ever flinches, though in situations where it would be impossible 
 
20 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 thirteen times Mr. Fairchild's garden at Hoxton; 
 and frequently speaks of the delight of a Mr. Balle's 
 garden at Campden House. 
 
 The curious garden of the vicarage house at St. 
 Just, near Falmouth, is, I am told, now kept up in 
 nearly its ancient style ; so, I am told, is Lord Fal- 
 mouth's garden at Flushing, near Penryn. 
 
 It is too late in the day now to expect to obtain 
 drawings of any of those gardens, ' large, beautiful, 
 and planted with trees,' which the citizens of London 
 
 to make an oak grow, and where no other large tree could be 
 prevented from being blown out of the ground.' In his description 
 of the Crab he says, ' In hedges it is very beautiful in the spring, 
 and also in independent trees, covered with blossoms as bright as 
 those of the carnation, and a great deal larger. When the coppices 
 are cut, the crabs, if they go up in a single stem, are generally left 
 as the oaks are ; and in the month of May, the garlands presented 
 by the crab-trees, while the primroses bespangle the ground beneath, 
 and whUe the birds are singing all around, certainly gives up 
 altogether something more delightful than almost anything else 
 accessible to our senses.' In his English Gardener, he thus 
 mentions an almost unheeded shrub, ' The Boa is at once the most 
 efScient of all possible things, and the prettiest plant that can 
 possibly be conceived : the colour of its leaf, the form of its leaf, its 
 dociUty as to height, width, and shape, the compactness of its little 
 branches, its great durability as a plant, its thriving in all sorts of 
 soils and in all sorts of aspects, its freshness under the hottest sun, 
 and its defiance of all shade and all drip ; these are beauties and 
 qualities which, for ages upon ages, have marked it out as the 
 chosen plant for this very important purpose. ' And after describing 
 how it should be clipped, he says, ' If there is a more neat and 
 beautiful thing than this in the world, all I can say is, that I never 
 saw that thing.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 2i 
 
 had in the time of Henry II., and which Fitzstephen 
 mentions ; or of that ' garden faire ' at Windsor, in 
 Henry the Fifth's reign, where the thick 
 
 ' . . . . bewis, and the leaves greene, 
 Beschudit all the aUeyes that there were ; ' 
 
 which the Enoyclopcedia of Gardening tells us James I. 
 of Scotland describes, when a prisoner there ; or even 
 of the 'exceeding fair gardens within the mote, 
 and the orchardes without,' at WresehiU Castle, 
 which Leland mentions ; or of that vineyard and 
 garden in Holborn which, in the reign of Henry III., 
 was given to the conventical Church of Ely ; or of 
 the three gardens and dove-house belonging to the 
 once richly decorated Church of St. Helen's, Bishops- 
 gate Street ; or of that garden (perhaps near the one 
 which Gerard afterwards rendered so famous) in 
 Holborn, containing, with its orchard, about forty 
 acres (on the site of which the present Hatton Garden 
 is built), the strawberries in which were so excellent, 
 that even Richard (Garrick's Richard) beseeched my 
 Lord of Ely to ' send for some of them.' 
 
 Shakespeare reminds us of another garden : for 
 DaUaway, in his Sv^pleTnemta/ry Anecdotes ofGa/rdenimg 
 annexed to his invaluable edition of Walpole's Anec- 
 dotes, remarks, that the poet thus mentions a garden 
 of those times, in the first Act of Love's Labowr Lost: — 
 ' Thy cwrious knotted garden,' 
 
22 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 We have innumerable instances of the great poet's 
 attachment to Botamy. Whoever painted the violet, 
 the crimson drops ' i' th' bottom of a cow-slip,' and the 
 ' winking ' mary-buds, with a sweeter pencil than his? 
 The same may be said as to his distribution of the 
 flowers by the pretty Perditta, by Ophelia, those in 
 Cymhdine, and by Friar Laurence. We have many 
 of his remarks on general So/rticultmre. One may 
 describe modem or landscape gardening by applying 
 to it those lines of his, when he is speaking of an art 
 which he says '■shmres with great creating natwre :' viz., 
 the art of grafting the apple on the crab ; for he 
 calls it 
 
 ' . . . . an art 
 
 Which does mend nature, change it rather ; but 
 
 The art itself is nature.' 
 
 If my reader smiles at what he may call this 
 trifling, reminding him of ' another garden,' let me 
 shelter myself under the unerring authority of Thomas 
 Warton, who, in his History of English Poebry, declares 
 that 'every hovel to which Shakespeare alludes 
 interests curiosity.' 
 
 W. Withers, in his letter to Sir W. Scott, gives 
 the following quotation from the late Nathaniel 
 Kent, and I here insert that quotation merely 
 because Mr. Kent has thus reminded us that Shake- 
 speare was aware of the danger of improper ^w-wmMgr; 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 23 
 
 'I shall close my observations on this interesting 
 subject with a word of advice, by way of guarding 
 against a pernicious practice which, though hitherto 
 unknown in this county, has lately got some footing 
 in it — I mean the infamious custom which pre- 
 vails in some counties of pruning up trees, divesting 
 them of their corner or lateral branches. When a 
 plant is very young, it is sometimes allowable to a 
 certain distance, but should always be done with great 
 caution ; but when trees have begun to form them- 
 selves it is a sort of mwde/r. It stops the growth and 
 produces extreme deformity; for the sap in the spring 
 of the year being checked in its natural diffusion into 
 the number of branches into which it used to flow 
 becomes distorted 
 
 " As knots, Iry the conflux of meeting sap, 
 Infect the soimd pine, and divert his gram, 
 Tortime and einami, from his eowrse of growth." ' 
 
 In a large view of London, as it appeared in 1563 
 (and of which there is a reduced copy in Pennant's 
 LonCUm, and a neat copy thereof is also sold by Harris, 
 at the corner of St. Paiil's), there is a garden adjoining 
 the bull-baiting ground, nearly opposite Queenhithe ; 
 it also exhibits the Strand Gardens, Privy Gardens, 
 and that of the Convent, or Covent, Garden. 
 
 I am indebted to the rich pages of the Eruyydo- 
 
24 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 paidAa of Gaird&nmg for the whole of the following 
 notices of our ancient gardens : — 
 
 In Part I., Chapter IV., it mentions, amongat a 
 great many celebrated old gardens, Dr. Sherard's at 
 Eltham, 'ona of the richest gardens England ever 
 possessed,' immortalised, says Pulteney, by the pen 
 of DiUenius; and Collinson's 'fine garden' at Mill 
 Hill. And in the subsequent pages (amongst aa 
 infinite variety) I select only the following : — 
 
 Gabions, near North Mimms. 
 
 In Henry the Seventh's time, the seat of the 
 father of the illustrious Sir Thomas More. The 
 gardens were then, and in the succeeding reign, 
 celebrated for their splendour in the ancient taste. 
 
 Theobald's Park. 
 
 The gardens were large, and ornamented with 
 labyrinths, canals, and fountains. There were nine 
 knots artificially and exquisitely made, one of them in 
 imitation of the king's arms. 
 
 Blenhevm, 
 
 The flower garden was an Qval, with a basin of 
 water in the centre, and radiating walks, after the 
 plan of that of Madame de Pompadour, at Versailles. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 25 
 
 Unhappily (as we think) it has lately been desttoyed, 
 and an aviary erected on its site. 
 
 The grounds chiefly in the ancient taste, with 
 curious artificial cascades, 
 
 Troy House, near Monmouth. 
 
 This seat was famed for its gardens ia Charles 
 the First's time, and especially for its delicious fruits. 
 The same gardens were famous in Henry the Eighth's 
 time. 
 
 Ingestree Hall. 
 
 A respectable Elizabethan edifice, surrounded by 
 grounds in the ancient style, but in a great degree 
 modernized by the present possessor. 
 
 Brethy Pa/rk, 
 
 A fine old structure, taken down some years ago, 
 said to have been surrounded with gardens disposed 
 after the plan of Versailles, with terraces, statues, and 
 fountains.* 
 
 * See a Bird's-eye View, by Kip, and the Topographer, Vol. II. 
 
26 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 Haddon Hall. 
 
 The terrace gardens remain, and consist of terraces 
 lunged one above the- other, each having a stone 
 balustrade. 
 
 Alton Orove, near 27ottingham. 
 
 The gardens on the side of a hill, originally in the 
 ancient taste, but lately remodelled. 
 
 Thoreaby Pa/rk. 
 
 The gardens were in part constructed in the 
 French style, by the late Duchess of Kingston. 
 
 Eocton HaU, near Stratton. 
 
 A grand Elizabethan edifice, with a park of one 
 thousand five hundred and ten acres, planted in the 
 ancient style, by London and Wise ; the gardens have 
 long been famous, and the water and cascades much 
 admired. 
 
 Lahe House, near Amesbury. 
 
 A truly picturesque edifice, with bay windows, 
 gables, yew-hedges, terraces, &o., in the genuine 
 style of the last age. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 27 
 
 OaJicm House, Devon. 
 
 The grounds, which had been laid out at great 
 expense, in the old style, are modernized. 
 
 Leeswood, near Mold. 
 
 The grounds occupy a fine slope, and were laid out 
 by Switzer above a century ago ; the magnificent iron 
 gateway still remains. 
 
 Pentre, Pendn-oke. 
 
 The house is in a pleasant rural spot, embosomed in 
 trees ; the gardens in the old style, carefully kept up ; 
 the whole greatly admired. 
 
 Powia Castle. 
 
 The ascent by two immense terraces, rising one 
 above the other, connected by steps, and ornamented 
 by vases, statues, and other antique remains. There 
 were hanging gardens in imitation of those of St. 
 Germains, composed of a series of terraces, connected 
 by flights of steps cut out of the solid rook, with 
 water-works, &c.* 
 
 * See Sir Uvedale Price's remarks on Powis Castle, in his 'sharp 
 but most candid and gentleman-like letter to Mr. Eepton. The 
 spirit of these pages (87 and 88), with other rich ones, in his 
 writings on landscape gardening, lend (to borrow a quotation of his 
 own) 
 
 '. . . . ajire 
 E'en to the chiUest peasant.' 
 
28 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 Hatton House, near Calder. 
 
 A venerable ancient house; the grounds, till 
 lately, exhibited one of the most perfect specimens of 
 the old style in the county, or perhaps in Scotland, 
 with artificial cascades, fountains, alcoves, terraces, &c. 
 
 Woodhouselee, near Koslin. 
 
 A venerable and romantic house and grounds ; the 
 latter remarkable for containing the largest silver 
 fir-tree in the county, a fine terrace, walk, and 
 superb hoUy-hedge. Some curious ornaments, in the 
 geometric style of gardening, were obliterated whefr 
 the grounds were re-modelled in 1787. 
 
 Castle Ola/mis. 
 
 A very ancient building; the grounds in the 
 ancient style. 
 
 Crathes, near Aberdeen. 
 
 An excellent kitchen garden, in the old style, 
 with magnificent hoUy-hedges, abundance of prolific 
 fruit-trees, and venerable exotic shrubs. 
 
 The following account of some English and Scotch 
 gardens is given in A Jowmey through England cmdi 
 ScoUand, by Daniel Defoe, written in 1714, 3 vols. 
 8vo. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 29 
 
 The seat of the late Lord Dover, which, for its 
 situation, gardens, and parks, vies with anything we 
 have seen abroad. 
 
 Euston Hall. 
 
 The seat of the Duke of Grafton, and biult by the 
 late Lord Arlington, is a palace worthy of his quality, 
 with a parterre as fine as ever I saw. 
 
 New Hall, near "Witham. 
 
 Built by Henry VIII., and called for its charming 
 situation Beau-lieu, is still worth seeing ; the avenue 
 of trees from the great road is majestic, being nearly 
 an English mile long, very broad, and the trees large 
 and regular. 
 
 Wanatead. 
 
 The noble seat of Sir Eichard ChUd, with the 
 finest gardens in the world. You descend from the 
 salon into the parterre, which hath a canal in the 
 middle ; on the right a wilderness, and on the left a 
 fine green walk, which ends in a banqueting-house. 
 On one side of this green walk stands the green- 
 house, finely adorned with statues, and uncommonly 
 furnished with greens : while behind this green-house 
 are variety of high-hedged walks, affording delicious 
 
30 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 vistas. At the bottom of the canal is a bowling-green 
 encircled with grottos and seats, with antique statues 
 between each seat; this bowling-green is separated 
 by a balustrade of iron from another long green walk, 
 which leads you to another long canal. 
 
 Crcmbume Lodge, 
 
 Built by the late Earl of Eanelagh, on the top of 
 a hill, in Windsor Forest ; the gardens are very large 
 and very elegant. 
 
 The Ea/rl of Ca/rdigcm'a, near Beading. 
 
 When his avenues, gravel walks, gardens, and 
 other plantations are finished, it will be one of the 
 most agreeable seats in England. 
 
 Aakridge. 
 
 Saw the fine seat of Ashridge, belonging to the 
 Duke of Bridgewater. The family of the Drakes have 
 also a very fine seat nigh this, with very fine gardens. 
 TJbom, belonging to the Duke of Wharton, with its 
 gardens, &c., is inferior to very few in the kingdom. 
 He hath also in this county another seat which he 
 more delights in, called Wmchenden, which is very 
 noble ; the gardens and orangery are not inferior to 
 many in the kingdom. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 31 
 
 OerrardCa Cross. 
 
 The charming seat of the Duke of Portland ; the 
 house, the gardens, and the wood are disposed with as 
 great magnificence as can be imagined ; nothing can 
 be finer than the terraces by which to descend from 
 the apartments to the gardens. 
 
 Ham/pton Court. 
 
 The front to the east, all of free-stone, is very 
 noble, looking into the park over a noble parterre a 
 good half-mile long, embellished with vases, statues, 
 gravel and green walks, and separated from the park 
 by a balustrade of iron. On the north side there is 
 also a little garden, waUed in, with a most curious 
 labyrinth ; while from the palace along the river side 
 is a noble terrace walk which leads to the bowling- 
 green, where in each corner is a large pavilion. 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 The Earl of Rochester's gardens, ascending the 
 hill in an artfully confused manner, are very curious 
 and wonderful. 
 
 Lord Carleton hath a pretty little seat betwixt 
 Petersham and Ham, with fine gardens; and Mr, 
 Serjeant Darnell hath also a very magnificent palace, 
 lately built, at Petersham, with gardens. 
 
32 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 On Bichmond Green is a fine house and gardens, 
 made by Sir Charles Hedges, but now belonging to 
 Sir Matthew Decker, which are very curious. The 
 longest, largest, and highest hedge of hoUy I ever saw 
 is in this garden, with several other hedges of ever- 
 greens, vistas cut through woods, grottos with foun- 
 tains, and a fine canal running up from the river. His 
 duckery, which is an oval pond bricked round, and his 
 pretty summer-house by it in which to drink a bottle, 
 his stove-houses, which are always kept of an- equal 
 heat for his citrons and other Indian plants, with 
 gardeners brought from foreign countries to manage 
 them, are very curious and entertaining. Mr. Hey- 
 degger, director of the king's balls, hath also a very 
 'handsome house and gardens on this Green ; as hath 
 also Colonel Dunkam, of the Guards, with a large 
 diancing-room adjoining. To the eastward of this 
 Green, Justice Byers hath a most noble seat and 
 gardens. To particularise every little villa here 
 would make my letter a volume. I will only add 
 that the Scotch Marquis of Lothian hath a fine seat 
 at. Mashgate, half a mile from Richmond ; and a mile 
 further east Mr. Temple hath buUt a most noble one 
 at East Sheen, where the famous Sir "William Temple 
 made those fine gardens he so often mentions in his 
 writings, and so much delighted in. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 33 
 
 Buahey Park. 
 
 That cliarmmg seat of the late Lord Hallifax, the 
 Maecenas of England, the great patron of learning and 
 learned men. As he had a good taste in everything, 
 you may believe there is nothing wanting to the em- 
 bellishment of this place ; the cascade is reckoned 
 a masterpiece of its kind, and the whole worth the 
 curiosity of a traveller. 
 
 In two hours from Hampton Court you come to 
 Twickenham, a village remarkable for its abundance of 
 curious seats, of which that of Boucher, the famous 
 gamester, would pass in Italy for a delicate palace. 
 The Earl of Mar, the Earl of Strafford, the Earl 
 of Bradford, Lord Brooke, Lord Dunbar, and 
 Lady Falkland, have each their pretty villas in this 
 parish ; but I think that of Secretary Johhstoun, for 
 the elegancy and largeness of his gardens, his terrace 
 on the river, and the situation of his house, makes 
 much the brightest • figure here : his house may 
 be more properly called a plantation, being in the 
 middle betwixt his parterre, his kitchen garden, his 
 fruit garden, and his pleasure garden and wilder- 
 ness. The house is exactly after the model of the 
 country seats in Lombardy, being of two galleries, 
 with rooms going off on each side. The gallery on the 
 ground floor makes a hall fronting thi^ pleasure garden, 
 
34 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 and a parlour fronting the parterre which, when the 
 doors are open, gives you a delicious prospect of the 
 whole ; on each side are five rooms more, adorned 
 with a very good collection of pictures ; and in the 
 division betwixt the hall and parlour, on each side, is 
 a staircase that leads you up to the gallery above, 
 containing the same number of rooms. His fine 
 octagon, for the entertainment of his friends at the 
 end of his green-house, I think, is too nigh his house, 
 and I think very much spoils the symmetry of it ; it 
 would have stood better and seemed more rural either 
 at his grotto at the west end of his parterre in his 
 wilderness, or at his mount at the west end of his 
 pleasure garden. He has as good a collection of fruit 
 of all sorts, as most gentlemen in England. His slopes 
 for his vines, of which he makes some hogsheads a 
 year, are very particular. Dr. Bradley, of the Royal 
 Society, who hath written so much upon gardening, 
 ranks him amongst the first-rate gardeners in England. 
 The Earl of Strafford's house, which lies next to Mr. 
 Johnstoun's, with its offices, are very noble ; his 
 gardens also spacious, but not so much to the river- 
 side, are adorned with several gilded statues and vases, 
 which make a very glaring appearance. 
 
 A little house, which belonged formerly to Sir 
 Thonuis Skipwith, and was improved and inhabited 
 by that great architect, the late Earl of Mar, with its 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 35 
 
 hanging gardens to the river, is well worth the 
 curiosity of a traveller, as is also that of Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller, the famous face-painter, with several others 
 in this large village, which would be too tedious for a 
 letter. 
 
 Km) Oreen. 
 
 Mr. Molineux hath a fine seat here with excellent 
 gardens, said to have the best fniit in England, 
 collected by that great statesman and gardener, Lord 
 Capel. 
 
 Isleworth. 
 
 Moses Hart, the Jew, hath a noble seat and offices 
 in this village, with fine gardens, inferior to few 
 palaces. Mr. Barker's gardens, park, and avenues, cut 
 through his wood to the river, are worth the curiosity 
 of a stranger. 
 
 Sutton Court. 
 
 That celebrated seat of the late Earl of t -oon- 
 Jbridge, and I must own that the house, furniture, 
 pictures, and gardening, are well worth the curiosity 
 of a stranger. It belongs to Sir Thomas Erankland. 
 I saw here a great and curious piece of antiquity, the 
 eldest daughter of Oliver CromweU, stiU fresh and gay. 
 
36 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS, 
 
 though of a great age. Sir Stephen Fox's house 
 adjacent is much finer outside, and a regular palace 
 a-la-modeme, mth very extensive gardens; but Sutton 
 Court is une bijoux ; it hath three parterres from the 
 three fronts of the house, each finely adorned with 
 statues. The gardens are irregular, but that, I think, 
 adds to their beauty, for every walk affords variety ; 
 the hedges, grottos, statues, mounts, and canals, are so 
 many surprising beauties. Near Sutton Court, General 
 "Witham hath built a most magnificent seat of free- 
 stone, and is laying out also spacious gardens. 
 
 Ocmterhwry. 
 
 Mr. Taybour's gardens at Byfronts are indeed 
 -worth seeing, as also Sir Basil Dixwel's, on the skirts 
 of Parham Downs, near this city. 
 
 Timhridge Wells. 
 
 Within three miles of this place is a venerable 
 old seat which they told me belonged to the family of 
 the ViUiers, Dukes of Bucldngham (but now out of 
 order), called Sommer-hill. It's pity so beautiful a 
 place should be so neglected, for its situation is noble, 
 and its gardens have been very large ; I could see 
 above fifty mUes in full view from its apartments. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 37 
 
 Zewes 
 
 is the most romantic situation I ever saw ; it con- 
 sists of sis parishes, in which gentlemen's seats, adjoin- 
 ing one another, with their gardens up hill and down 
 hill, compose the town. 
 
 Chichmte/r. 
 
 The Earl of Scarbrough's seat, at some miles 
 distance, is wm veritable Hjoua: ; the large avenue, a 
 view cut through a wood, the stables, the gardens, and 
 every thing else, are nobly disposed. 
 
 Oarshalton^ 
 
 where I visited the fine gardens of Sir W. 
 Scawen. 
 
 E'psom. 
 
 There are several very good seats in and about 
 Epsom. That of Lord Guilford, called Durdans, at 
 the extremity of the village, was built by the Earl of 
 Barclay out of the materials of Nonsuch, a royal palace 
 in this neighbourhood, built by Henry VIII., and 
 given by King Charles II. to the Duchess of Cleve- 
 land, who pulled it down and sold the materials. This 
 house of Durdans is built a-la-modeme of free-stone ; 
 the front to the garden, and that to the Downs, are 
 
38 GLEAMNGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 very noble; the apaxtments within are also vfery 
 regulai-j and in the garden is the most charming grove 
 imaginable ; famous for that scene of love between 
 Lord Grey and his lady's sister, which you have 
 read of. Lord Baltimore's gardens are also fine ; 
 the house is old, but the chapel is the neatest little 
 thing in the world. Mr. Ward's, on Clay Hill, is a 
 delicious palace. The late Sir James Bateman had 
 also a delicate seat at some miles distance ; but what 
 charmed me more than anything hereabouts is the 
 river of Carshalton, which environs Sir William 
 Scawen's garden in a square ; it is fuU of fish, and 
 makes a pretty cascade in going out. Within a mile 
 of Epsom is Aysted, belonging to Mr. Fielding, brother 
 to the Earl of Denbigh, which, for its situation, park, 
 and gardens, is inferior to nothing of its size that 
 I have seen in England. 
 
 Wvmhledmb. 
 
 The noble seat of the Duke of Leeds, and in a 
 majestic situation. You have three several beautiful 
 prospects from his garden, and the variety is the more 
 diverting that it is in every walk ; you can turn no- 
 where but your view fixes on something new. Sir 
 Theodore Janssen, the French banker, hath also a very 
 delicious seat in this village, which insensibly leads 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 39 
 
 you to the bowling-green of Putney, whither the 
 citizens resort twice a week, and where I have seen 
 pretty deep play. At Putney are several charming 
 seats with their large gardens, fish-ponds, and groves, 
 and indeed the whole parish is one continued garden. 
 At Parson's Green, saw an old seat of the Earl of 
 Peterborough, with fine gardens, 
 
 Cambridge,. 
 
 Visited that worthy old gentleman. Sir Robert 
 Cotton, at his villa of Hatley St. George, a seat worthy 
 of so great and good a man. He hath a noble collec- 
 tion of original paintings, and his house and gardens 
 everywhere answer the grandeur of the first quality. 
 
 When the Stuarts came to the throne the space 
 that then separated London and "Westminster was filled 
 with several noble palaces and their delicate gardens 
 along the side of the River Thames, viz. : those of the 
 Earl of Essex, Duke of Norfolk, Somerset House, the 
 Savoy, Worcester House, Exeter House, Bedford 
 House, Salisbury House, York House, Northumber- 
 land House, and Whitehall ; but now most of these 
 splendid palaces are pulled down, and with their 
 gardens built into spacious streets. 
 
 Great Marlborough Street, which though not a 
 square, surpasses anything that is called a street, in 
 
40 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 the magnificence of its buildings and gardens, and 
 inhabited all by prime quality. 
 
 Montague, House. 
 
 A fine garden and terrace behind ; the great collec- 
 tion of original paintings are well worth the curiosity 
 of a stranger, as also the statues in the garden. 
 
 Burlington Palace. 
 
 Behind is a noble parterre or garden which, in a 
 city, makes it very delicious. 
 
 Gray's Inn 
 
 hath a very large garden with a noble terrace, from 
 whence you have a full view to Hampstead. 
 
 Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 Its new square fronting the garden, I think one 
 of the greatest beauties about London ; the gaj-den is 
 large, full of fine statues, and the walks well kept. 
 
 Bedfordshire 
 
 is such another fertile county as Buckinghamshire, 
 strewed everywhere with noblemen and gentlemen's 
 seats. The Duke of Kent, chief of the ancient family 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 41 
 
 of the Gray's, hath a very magnificent noble seat, with 
 large parks, avenues, and fine gardens. 
 
 Cashioherry. 
 
 Its gardens and park are beautiful and spacious. 
 
 Cawaons. 
 
 The disposition of the avenues, gardens, statues, 
 painting, and the house of Cannons, suits the genius 
 and grandeur of its great master. The chapel, which 
 is already finished, hath a choir of vocal and instru- 
 mental music, as the royal chapel ; and when his 
 Grace goes to church, he is attended by his Swiss 
 guards, ranged as the Yeoman of the guards ; his 
 music also plays when he is at table ; he is served by 
 gentlemen in the best order ; and I must say that 
 few German sovereign princes live with that magnifi- 
 cence, grandeur, and good order. He is that Mr. 
 Bridges whom you knew Paymaster - General in 
 Flanders, son to the Lord Chandos, an ancient and 
 noble family, of which there have been three Klnights 
 of the Garter in several reigns : he was created Earl 
 of Carnarvon by King George, and on his father's 
 decease, Duke of Chandos. As he got a great estate 
 by being Paymaster to^ all the English armies abroad, 
 no man ever made a better use of it by his generosity, 
 
42 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 hospitality, and charity; of which there are maiiy 
 instances that would be too long for a letter, and, I 
 think, not to my purpose. You ascend the great 
 avenue to Cannons from the town of Edgware, by a fine 
 iron gate, with the duke's arms and supporters on the 
 stone pillars of the gate, with balustrades of iron on 
 each side, and two neat lodges in the inside ; this 
 avenue is near a mile long, and three coaches may go 
 abreast ; in the middle or half-way of this avenue is 
 a large round basin of water, not unlike that on the 
 great road through Bushey Park to Hampton Court ; 
 this avenue fronts an angle of the house, and 
 thereby showing two fronts at once, makes the house 
 seem at a distance the larger. You turn therefore a 
 little to the left to come to the great court, which 
 leads to the saloon and great staircase ; and a little 
 further to the left to another court, which leads to the 
 back stairs, now made use of tQl the great apartments 
 are finished. The house consists of four fronts, all 
 of free-stone, each about one hundred feet wide. The 
 front from the great stairs is to the east, and hath 
 an avenue directly from it down to the parish church, 
 at above haJf-a-mUe distance : the north front is 
 towards the parterre and great canal ; the west 
 towards the gardens ; and the south looks through a 
 great area where the offices and stables are, down 
 another large avenue which ends in a mountain. The 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 43 
 
 north front is finely adorned with pilasters and 
 columns of stone ; and above every window in each 
 front is an antique head, neatly engraved ; on the top 
 of aH the fronts are statues as big as the life. The 
 saloon, when finished, is to be supported by marble 
 pUlars, and painted by Bellucci, as is the great 
 staircase, which is all of marble ; most of the steps 
 are already laid, of a great length, and all of one 
 piece of marble ; this staircase leads you into the 
 apartments fronting the parterre and grand canal, 
 and consists of a suite of six noble rooms, well- 
 proportioned, finely plastered, and gilt by .Pargotti ; 
 and the ceilings painted by Bellucci. Prom these 
 apartments you go into my lord's dressing-room and 
 library, fronting the gardens, and from thence you 
 descend by another fine pair of stairs (which I 
 cannot call back stairs, all painted by Legarr, 
 and balustraded to the top of the house with iron) 
 unto a court, which opens into the great area to the 
 feast ; in which is the chapel on your right, the kitchens 
 on your left, and lower on each side the stables are 
 finely built, the bottoni of the area inclosed with 
 balustrades of iron. The library is a fine spacioiis 
 room, cittiously adorned with books, and statues in 
 wood of the Stoning of St. Stephen, said to be finest 
 of that kind of engraving in the world. The chapel 
 is incomparably neat and pretty, all finely plastered 
 
44 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 and gilt by Pargotti, and the ceilings and niches, 
 painted by BeUucci ; there is a handsome altar-piece, 
 and in an alcove above the altar, a neat organ; front- 
 ing the altar, above the gate, is a fine gallery for the 
 duke and duchess, with a door that comes from the 
 apartments above, and a staircase that also descends 
 into the body of the chapel, in case of taking the 
 sacrament or other occasion ; in the windows of 
 this chapel are also finely painted some parts of the 
 History of the New Testament. In that coiirt which 
 opens into the area is the dining-room, very spacious, 
 and a nobler sideboard of plate than most sovereign 
 princes have ; and at the end of it a room for his 
 music, which performs both vocal and instrumental 
 during the time he is at table ; he spares no 
 expense to have the best. The parterre fronting the 
 west is separated from the great avenue, and the 
 great court leading to the great staircase by balus- 
 trades of iron, as it is also from the gardens on the 
 other side. There is a large terrace walk, from 
 whence you descend to the parterre; this parterre 
 hath a row of gilded vases on pedestals on each side 
 down to the great canal, and in the middle, fronting 
 the canal, is a gladiator, gilded also ; through the 
 whole parterre, abundance of statues as big as the 
 life, are regularly disposed. The canal runs a great 
 way, and indeed one would wonder to see such a vast 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 45 
 
 quantity of water in a country • where are neither 
 rivers or springs ; but they tell me that the Duke 
 hath his water in pipes from the mountains of Stan- 
 more, about two miles off. The gardens are very 
 large and well disposed ; but the greatest pleasure of 
 all is that the divisions of the whole, being only made 
 by balustrades of iron and not by walls, you see the 
 whole at once, be you in what part of the garden or 
 parterre you will. In his large kitchen garden there 
 are bee-hives of glass, very curious ; and at the end of 
 each of his chief avenues he hath neat lodgings for 
 eight old Serjeants of the army, whom he took out 
 of Chelsea College, who guard the whole, go their 
 rounds at night, call the hours as the watchmen 
 do at London to prevent disorders, and wait upon the 
 Duke to chapel on Sundays. It is incredible the iron- 
 work about this noble palace, more I must say than I 
 ever saw elsewhere ; and his gentleman told me they 
 are above a hundred servants in famUy of one degree 
 or another. 
 
 At the hospital, founded by Rufus, the master 
 lives like an abbot, hath a very good apartment, with 
 fin e gardens, adorned with a canal, and evergreens. 
 
46 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 SaU^bury. 
 
 The Bishop's palace near it is a good old building, 
 with large gardens. 
 
 Sherbom. 
 
 Mr. Doddington's mil be one of the finest, as well as 
 the largest in England, with gardens, park, and water- 
 works ; for the finishing of which he hath left a very 
 great estate to his nephew, Mr. Bubb. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Trinity College. The forth-conrt opens into a 
 garden kept in extreme good order, planted with ever- 
 greens, and the walls round covered all over with yew ; 
 and at the bottom of the garden, fronting tbe square, 
 is a magnificent iron gate. The Physic Garden, 
 situated by the river CherweU, is a delicious place ; 
 it consists of above five acres of ground, the walls are 
 of a square stone, above fourteen feet high ; its gates 
 are fine, one of them, of the Composite order, cost 
 600Z. ; it contains many thousands of useful plants. 
 
 Longleat, 
 
 though an old seat is very beautiful and large, and 
 ^he gardens and avenue being full grown are veiy 
 beautiful and well kept. It cost the late Lord Wey- 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 47 
 
 mouth a good revenue in. hospitality to such strangers 
 as came from Bath to see it. 
 
 Lord Cholmondeley's 
 
 is a noble old seat, the gardens not inferior to 
 any in England, and one gravel walk the longest I 
 have seen. 
 
 Lord Chetwynd^s, 
 
 A fine old seat, whose gardens are incomparably 
 fine ; the walks hedged in with trees fully fifty feet 
 high and thick set, are very august, and open in fine 
 vistas into the adjacent country. 
 
 Sir Clement Fisher'a, near ColeshUl, 
 is very beautiful ; in the middle of a spacious park^ 
 with fine gardens, fish-ponds, and a decoy for ducks ; 
 it may, altogether, vie with the best seats in England. 
 Most gentlemen keep their packs of dogs, and the 
 whole county of Stafford is very sociable ; they have 
 excellent ale, and provisions for almost nothing. 
 
 Althorp 
 
 is a fine seat in the middle of a charming park ; it is 
 moated, but the moat was drained and turned into a 
 garden so fine, that M. La Quintiaie took the plan 
 for some of his works at Versailles. 
 
48 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 8ta/idon-Ha/rold. 
 
 Earl Ferrer's seat at Stanton-Harold is a noble 
 seat, as big as a little town, and the gardens 
 adorned -with statues, very entertaining. 
 
 Brathy. 
 
 A seat of the Earl of Chesterfield, hath very fine 
 gardens. 
 
 Chataworth. 
 
 The gardens are very delightful, pleasant, and 
 stately, adorned with exquisite waterworks. 
 
 Nottimgham.. 
 
 When Marshal Tallard was taken prisoner at the 
 battle of Hocklestet, the Government allowed him. this 
 pretty town, with the adjacent country for his prison ; 
 LQ the seven years he stayed here he made very fine 
 gardens to the house he lived in. 
 
 Castle Howard. 
 
 The apartments, furniture, and gardens answer 
 the great genius of its noble master. 
 
 A stranger ought not to leave Yorkshire without 
 seeing Sir Thomas Prankland's seat at Thutteby, near 
 the little town of Thirsk, both for its situation and 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 49 
 
 the fineness of its gardens. The parterre is encircled 
 with coluums of yew ; the wilderness is very neat ; 
 and from the whole there is a delicious prospect. 
 
 T&rvagU. 
 
 Three miles from Dumfries I saw Terragle, the 
 paternal seat of the unhappy Maxwell, Earl of Mths- 
 dale, who was taken prisoner at Preston, and made his 
 escape out of the Tower. It consists of a large oval 
 court, in which are very stately apartments and large 
 gardens, suitable to the grandeur of so noble a family.* 
 
 Brwrnym/rig. 
 
 The hanging gardens cut out of the rock down to 
 the river-side, with waterworks and grottos, do every 
 way answer the great genius of W., Duke of Queens- 
 berry. 
 
 This palace, built by the Earl of Traquair, who 
 was Lord High Treasurer and Viceroy of Scotland 
 in the reign of Charles I., a great favourite of Arch- 
 bishop Laud and promoter of his schemes, is a very 
 large noble pile of building of free-stone, situated in a 
 valley on the banks of the Tweed, in the midst of a 
 
 * Some interesting remarks on the old gardens of Scotland, may 
 be seen on page 81 of the JEncyclopcedia of Gmrdenmg, 
 
 E 
 
so GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 wood, through which are cut fine avenues; the gardens 
 are also very spacious. 
 
 Tester. 
 
 The capital seat of Hay, Marquis of Tweeddale. 
 The rooms of state that run on each side of the saloon, 
 fronting the garden, are very stately; the parterre and 
 garden behind the house is very spacious and fine, 
 rising up by an easy ascent into the park^ as those 
 of Lord Rochester's near Bichmond. There is a 
 handsome bason, with a. jet dUecm in the middle of the 
 parterre, with four good statues, upon pedestals, at 
 each corner ; there are abimdance of evergreens and 
 green slopes regularly disposed ; and to the west of 
 the garden, on an artificial mount, is a pleasant 
 summer-house. There is a pretty rapid stream runs 
 by the house, and by its rustling through the trees 
 as it runs through the park, makes the whole very 
 rural. There is a pretty bowling-green by the river- 
 side. 
 
 Beaton. 
 
 The palace of Seaton stands in the middle of a 
 large plantation of trees, of at least twelve acres, with 
 a large garden to the south and another to the north. 
 The apartments of state are on the second story, and 
 tery spacious ; three great rooms, at least forty feet 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 51 
 
 high, which they say were finely furnished ever since 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, on her return from Eranoe, 
 kept her court there ; also two large galleries that 
 were filled with pictures ; but on Lord Winton's 
 forfeiture, all these were sold by the Commissioners 
 of Inqjiiry, or stolen by the servants. There is now 
 not a whole window on that side of the house. 
 
 Wmton. 
 
 About two miles from Seatorl is another palace, 
 called Winton. The gardens, which are very 
 spacious, are very well kept. 
 
 Musselburgh. 
 
 The parterre behind the palace is Very large, and 
 nobly adorned with evergreens, and on each side of it 
 spacious gardens. 
 
 EdAvhurgh. 
 
 The palace of the Earl of Penmure, in excellent 
 good order, and very fine gardens. The palace of the 
 Earl of Murray ; there is a very large parterre or 
 flower garden behind with four hanging walks or 
 terraces to the bottom, where there is a bowling-green, 
 and a handsome pavilion or pleasure-house. 
 
 Hewitfs Hospital. 
 
 The gardens are Very well kept} consisting of 
 
52 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 a flower garden, an orchard, and kitchen garden; 
 the house and gardens contain between nine and ten 
 acres. 
 
 Palace of Pewmwre. * 
 
 In the middle of a great wood. You go up to the 
 house through an avenue cut through the wood, of 
 half-a-mile in length, and 150 feet broad, which gives 
 you a view of the house at once ; and on each side of 
 this avenue is a fine hedge, which reaches the 
 branches of the trees of the wood ; at the end of this 
 avenue is a large circular outer court for coaches to 
 turn in, and the inner court is balustraded with iron 
 on each side, which gives you a view of the delicious 
 gardens which go quite round the house, and are very 
 well kept, with a great variety of evergreens and grass 
 plots, covered walks, and labyrinths : from these 
 gardens there are eight or nine vistas cut through the 
 wood, with balustrades of iron at every vista, and all 
 the doors of iron. 
 
 Castle Gordon. 
 
 Fine gardens, and a very spacious deer park. 
 
 Palace of Olamis. 
 
 As you approach, it strikes you with awe and 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 53 
 
 admiration, by the many turrets and gilded balus- 
 trades at top ; you have a full prospect of the gardens 
 on each side, cut out into grass plots, and adorned with 
 evergreens. In the first floor there are thirty-eight 
 fine rooms. When the Pretender lay here, they made 
 eighty-eight beds within the house, for him and his 
 retinue, besides the inferior servants, who lay iu the 
 offices out of doors. 
 
 The Duke of Athol hath here a very noble seat, 
 with large gardens. 
 
 Palace of Falklcmd. 
 
 Here were spacious gardens, with a park ; but 
 ' NwK seges est ubigue TrojafuM.' 
 
 CuVross. 
 
 One cannot imagine a noble palace ; a terrace as 
 long and as broad as that at Windsor, with a pavilion 
 at each end, and below the terrace run hanging 
 gardens for half-a-mile,' down to the Frith; the 
 design of these gardens was vast. When Lord 
 Mar was laying out his fine gardens at AUoway, he 
 thanked God that Culross was not his, for the 
 expense of keeping it up would ruin him. 
 
54 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 Balgony. 
 
 Another seat of the Earl of Leveris, whose 
 gardens and park are yeiy spacious. 
 
 Palace of LesVy. 
 
 There is a noble parterre to the east, cut out into 
 green slopes, adorned with evergreens, that reaxiheth 
 to the point where the two rivers meet, and from this 
 parterre is a long terrace walk, and under it five 
 several terraces, to which you descend by stately stairs 
 to another square garden by the riyer-side, with a 
 waterwork in the middle. 
 
 Alhway. 
 
 The gardens consist of forty-two acres, and the 
 wood, with vistas out through it, of 150 acres. On the 
 right of the area is a spacious garden with a fine 
 terrace and bowling-green, adorned with the largest 
 evergreens you can see anywhere. To the south is the 
 parterre, spacious, and finely adorned with statues and 
 vases 5 and from this parterre to the River Forth runs 
 a fine terrace, or avenue, from whence, and from the 
 parterre, you have thirty-two difierent vistas, each 
 ending on some remarkable seat or mountain : one of 
 them shews you Stirling Castle at four miles distance ; 
 another, the Palace of Elphinstone, on the other side 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 55 
 
 of the river ; a third, the Castle of Clacmaning. Ii» 
 the middle of this long terrace is a basin of water 
 like that of the Duke of Chandos, at Cannons, in the 
 middle of which is the statue of Cain slaying Abel, 
 and at the end of the river are a pair of pyramidical 
 gates. The avenue to the east, through the wood, is 
 prodigiously long and large, and between each vista, 
 from the parterre, are wildernesses of trees for birds, 
 and Uttle grottos. 
 
 Hcypton. 
 
 The parterre fronting the saloon is longer than 
 that at Cannons, and like it, hath a large bason of 
 water at bottom ; it is also adorned with a multitude 
 of statues, on pedestals, as at Cannons ; but the views 
 here are prodigiously more extensive. From the terrace 
 to the north of this parterre is the finest view I ever 
 saw anywhere. There are also several vistas from 
 each of the many walks that run from this parterre. 
 This fine palace and garden lies in the middle of a 
 spacious park, well stocked with deer, and environed 
 with a stone wall. 
 
 Palace of HamAlton. 
 
 A noble parterre adorned with statues, and lower, 
 spacious bounds for a canal and fish-ponds, with large 
 
S6 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 gardens on each side, and at the bottom a fine park. 
 Joining to the great park is a very romantic garden, 
 called Baroucleugh, which consists of seven hanging 
 terrace walks down to the river-side, with a wild wood 
 f xdl of birds on the opposite side of the river. In some 
 of those walks are banqueting-hbuses, with walks and 
 grottos, and all of them filled with large evergreens in 
 the shape of beasts and birds. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. S7 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 ON CONA^NTUAL GARDENS. 
 
 POSSIBLY drawings of some Conventual Gardens 
 may yet be found among the papers or chartu- 
 laries of those families who now inherit some of the 
 splendid monasteries, dissolved by the tasteless and 
 savage tyranny of the monster, the bloody tyrant, 
 Henry ; temples erected for the worship of God, 
 ' irresistibly impressing us with solemnity and delight, 
 and which seem intended to rival, in durability, the 
 earth on which they stand, and which, after the lapse 
 of several ages, are stUl unequalled, not only in point 
 of magnificence of structure, but in their tendency to 
 leave upon the soul the most deep and solemn im- 
 pressions.' These 'cloud-capp'd towers and solemn 
 temples,' are thus described by poor, deserted, ill-starr'd 
 Chatterton, and Britton has happily quoted his lines 
 as a motto to his most splendid History of York 
 Oafhedral : — 
 
 ' What wondrous momiment ! What pyle ys thys, 
 That bynds in wonder's ohayne entendemente ! 
 That doth aloof the ayrie skyen kiss, 
 And seemeth moimtaynes joyned by cemente, 
 From Godde hys greete and wondrous storehouse sente.' 
 
58 GLEANINGS ON GARD'ENS. 
 
 The EncydopoBd/ia of Gardening notices, at page 88, 
 the attachment which an abbot of Ely, the monks at 
 Edmondsbury, and those at Dunstable, had to their 
 gardens. The same interesting compilation tells us 
 that the extensive orchard of Pitfour contains the 
 ruins of the ancient Abbey of Deer, and its gardens. 
 The Abbey of Kosslyn was built in the middle of a 
 handsome garden. The Caledonian Horticultural 
 Society Memoirs (No. 5) give an interesting notice of 
 the remains of the apple and pear trees, planted by the 
 monks of the Abbey of Lindores ; and in Vol. III. of 
 the same work is an account of the Abbey orchards of 
 Melrose, Jedburgh, (Sec. Orchards, vineyards, and 
 gardens, were the usual appendages to each monasteiy. 
 We are told that when Stow was young, he collected 
 and amassed MSS. and old records, dispersed by the 
 then recent dissolution, and that such was his avidity 
 in collecting old papers and books, 
 
 ' With clasps embossed, and coat of rough lull's hide,' 
 
 that he travelled on foot during the suppression of 
 
 these religious houses from one part of England to 
 
 another, collecting records relative to estates, families, 
 
 Ac. It were needless to remark what acquisitions he 
 
 must have had in his power relative to the gardens of 
 
 those 
 
 ' • • • • happy convents, bosom'd deep in vines, 
 Where shimber'd abbots, purple as their wines.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 59 
 
 Lelaud, too, had a commission empowering him to 
 search after antiquities, and peruse the libraries of all 
 cathedrals, abbeys, priories, colleges, &e. His volu- 
 minous MSS., after passing through many hands, came 
 at last into the Bodleian Library. 
 
6o GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 ON GARDEN BURIAL. 
 
 SUCH has been the attachment of many to their 
 gardens and to the rural scenes of Nature, that 
 they have expressed a wish to be buried there. Mr. 
 Eveljm expressed the same wish, but was prevailed on 
 to alter it. Sir W. Temple's heart is enclosed in a 
 silver box and buried under a sun-dial in his favourite 
 garden. The late Lord OameHord was so charmed, 
 when travelling through Switzerland, with a rural spot 
 there, that he gave orders in his will to be buried 
 under a tuft of trees which he had marked in that 
 romantic country ; and a few years afterwards, when, 
 he was shot in a duel near Kensington, his body was 
 accordingly conveyed there. No wonder he was struck 
 with the scenery of that country, when Hirschfeld 
 observes that ' almost all the gardens are theatres of 
 true beauty, without vain ornaments or artificial 
 decorations.' Perhaps his lordship imbibed the soothing 
 wish of Beattie's Minstrel : — • 
 
 ' Let vanity adorn the marble tomb 
 With trophies, rhymes, and scutcheons of renown, 
 
 In the deep dungeon of some gothic dome, 
 Where night and desolation ever frown. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 6l 
 
 Mine be the breezy hill that skirts the down, 
 Where a green grasay turf is all I crave, 
 
 With here and there a violet bestrewn, 
 Fast by a brook or fountain's murmuring wave, 
 And many an evening sun shine sweetly on my grave.' 
 
 That munificent patron of literature, that worthy 
 and benevolent man, Thomas Hollis, Esq. (Milton's 
 great admirer, and of whom Dr .Franklin observed 
 that 'he loved to do good alone and by stealth'), 
 ordered his body to be buried in one of his fields at 
 Corsham, and the field to be ploughed over imme- 
 diately after his interment.* 
 
 In 1804 the following account is given of his 
 Serene Highness the reigning Duke of Saxe-Gotha : 
 'He forbade in his will, all ceremony at his burial, 
 except such as is usual for his lowest subjects. He 
 desired to be buried in his English garden, at the 
 feet of the coffins containing the bodies of two of his 
 already deceased children. No speech or sermon to 
 be pronounced, and no monument to be erected over 
 him ; but he desires his second son. Prince Frederick, 
 to place a tree upon his grave. To this prince he 
 bequeaths his English garden, which is to be open, as 
 formerly, to all visitors. The simple burial ceremony 
 
 * Mr. Hollis devoted above half of his large income to deeds of 
 charity. When his house in London was on fire, in 1761, he calmly 
 walked out, only taking under his arm his favourite original picture 
 of Milton. 
 
62 GLMANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 of this sovereign, took place on the night of the 
 25th, according to the wish expressed in his wUl. The 
 reigning Duchess, with her child on her arm, had, the 
 the evening before, strewed flowers round the grave. 
 The midnight hour struck, when the body entered the 
 garden, carried by the servants of the late duke. 
 The waJk to the island was laid with black cloth, with 
 'the boat that carried it over. The ceremony was only 
 interrupted by the sighs and tears of all present.' 
 
 Ko one delighted more in horticulture and rural 
 afiairs than Home Tooke. Oato, of tJtica, could not 
 have exceeded him in this attachment. The inten- 
 tion of Tooke certainly was to have been buried 
 in his own garden, and he had prepared his vault and 
 tomb in his richly cultivated garden at Wimbledon, 
 where both Lord Camelford, and their joint friend. 
 Lord Thurlow,* with other men of rank, who admired 
 his integrity, his overpowering talents, and his 
 genius, were proud to partake of his society. Part of 
 the inscription which he had prepared for that tomb 
 was, that he died * content and grateful : ' satisfied at 
 having lived so long, and gratefully feeling a high 
 sense of the Divine goodness in permitting it ; a 
 
 * It was said of Lord Thurlow, that he was among lawyers and 
 orators, and in the senate and the courts, what Johnson was among 
 authors and wits: a mighty genius, proudly elevated above the 
 littleness of common minds. 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 63 
 
 •fffequent conversation of his being on the wisdom, 
 goodness, and beneficence of the Deity. Home Tooke 
 was a sincere christian, and closed his long and 
 stormy life (' after having survived the scorpion stings 
 of slander ') with an extraordinary degree of calmness 
 and intrepidity. On his decease, however, his friends 
 thought it best to bury him in the grave of his sister 
 at Ealing (at the age of seventy-seven), where the 
 words content and grateful now form part of the 
 inscription on that stone which covers the remains of 
 that acute scholar, that richly gifted and most' dis- 
 interested of men, whose dauntless mind made it 
 his boast, that ' no allurement or threat, no power or 
 oppression, nor life, nor death, thunder or lightning, 
 shaU ever force me to give way to corruption or 
 influence, half the breadth of a single hair ; ' and 
 when enforcing what he deemed beneficial to his 
 country, thus addressed his jury : ' I protest, that if 
 there stood a fire here, and I thought I could by that 
 means affect your minds, and the minds of my coun- 
 trymen, I would thrust my hand with pleasure into 
 "the fire and bum it to ashes, whilst I was pleading 
 before you.' And who, on another occasion, made 
 this declaration : ' I have never committed a single 
 action, nor written a syllable in public or in private, 
 nor entertained a thought (of an important political 
 nature, when taken with all its circumstances of time. 
 
64 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 place, and occasion), I wisli either recalled or con- 
 cealed ; I will die as I have lived, in the commission 
 of the only crime with which I can be charged during 
 my whole life, the crime of speaking plamdy the plcdn 
 truth.' In the early part of the life of this friendly 
 and kind man, when he resided at Brentford, as a 
 clergyman, no one was more beloved by his parish- 
 ioners ; he administered every possible comfort to the 
 poor ; his sermons zealously enforced the excellence of 
 that faith in which he had been educated. 
 
 Another person whose talents somewhat remind 
 one of those of Tooke, was also buried in his garden : 
 Theophrastus, who died at the age of eighty-five 
 (though some historians say he wrote his Gha/raclera 
 when ninety-nine), and whose name was so celebrated 
 throughout Greece, that he had at one time two 
 thousand pupils, lived entirely in his gardens at 
 Athens, to which he was so devoted that, in his will, 
 he left it to some particular friends to study in, and 
 for the repose of Me own hones ; giving orders therein 
 for embellishing the walks, and for the continuation 
 of his old faithful gardener, for whom he had before 
 made a good provision. I will transcribe what a 
 French writer says of him : ' Aristotle charm6 de la 
 facility de son esprit et de la douceur de son Elocution, 
 lui changea son nom qui 6toit Tyrtaine, en celui 
 ^Ewphrasts, qui signifie celui qm paa-le Men, et ce nom 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 6$ 
 
 ne r^pondant point assez k la haute estime qu'il avoit 
 de la beauts de son g^nie, et de ses expressions, il 
 I'appella TMophtaste, c'est k dire im homme dont le 
 langage est divin. H, avoit Vesprit si vif, si pergant, 
 si pSnStrant, qu'il comprenit d'abord, d'une chose, 
 tout ce qui en pouvoit Stre connu.' 
 
 * There is no place ' (says Evelyn in his Sylva) 
 'more fit to bury our dead in than groves and gardens, 
 where our beds may be decked and carpeted with 
 verdant and fragrant flowers, trees, and perennial 
 plants, the most natural and instructive hierogly^phics 
 of our resurrection and immortality.' The above 
 remark of Evelyn forcibly reminds one of the 
 following reflections, from a charming little classic 
 book, entitled First Steps to Botawy, by Dr. Drummond, 
 of Belfast : ' The changes of colour in the leaves of 
 plants, especially of trees, which take place in 
 autumn, are familiar to every one, but are more 
 particularly interesting to the eye of the painter, and 
 the contemplation of the moralist. The one finds in 
 them some of the best subjects for the warmth and 
 beauty of his pencil; the other contrasts these 
 Changing leaves with the races of men, which having 
 flourished through the spring and summer of life, fall 
 at last, in the autumn of their existence, into decay, 
 and are swept by the first wintry breath of age into 
 the tomb, and are no more found. Trees have thus 
 
 p 
 
66 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 been ever considered as emblems of human life, and, 
 in aU ages, affecting views and comparisons have been 
 drawn of their progress from debility and infancy to 
 youth, strength, maturity, and inevitable, final decay. 
 The heathen and the atheist have found in them 
 emblems of eternal oblivion, to which they suppose 
 man, with aU his high-born hopes, is to be consigned. 
 As the leaves of the tree fall and perish for ever, so 
 fhe.y represent that when man returns to his mother 
 earth, it is only to mingle with the unthinking 
 material elements ; that never more shall he be 
 conscious of existence, and that he, his virtues and 
 his crimes, sink into irrevocable annihilation. Yet 
 as no particle of matter is ever lost, though it may 
 undergo a thousand changes of the most extraordinary 
 kind, so we may rest satisfied that mind is equally 
 indestructible ; and though it be impossible for us to 
 trace its flight or modifications after death, there is 
 no reason for a moment to question its future 
 existence, and its immortality. Everything revealed 
 and rational teaches us, that the soul is destined to 
 survive " the wreck of elements and crush of worlds," 
 and that it may go on in increasing knowledge and 
 happiness for ever.' 
 
 It is stiU the custom in many parts, particularly in 
 Guernsey and in Wales, to strew graves with rose- 
 mary (' that's for remembrance '), and with the most 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 67 
 
 fragrant flowers the garden produces. It was near 
 Milford Haven that Imogen strewed her supposed 
 husband's grave with ' wild-wood leaves and weeds ; ' 
 and where Arviragus sweetened the sad grave of 
 Fidele ' with fairest flowers,' asserting that the red- 
 breast would, with its charitable bUl, bring all this, 
 
 ' Yea, and fuir'd moss besides, when flowers are none, 
 To winter-ground thy corse.' 
 
 Mr. Ounninghani tells us that ' Burns lay in a 
 plain unadorned coffin, with a linen sheet drawn over 
 his face ; and on the bed, and around the body, herbs 
 and flowers were thickly strewn, according to the 
 usage of the country.'* 
 
 Mr. Carter in his late spirited address, read before 
 the New York Horticultural Society, says: 'Wilson, 
 the distinguished Ornithologist, made a particular 
 request but a few hours before his death, that he 
 might be buried in some rural spot, on the banks of 
 the SchuykiU, where the birds might sing over his 
 grave. This sentiment was true to nature ; for let 
 philosophy preach as it may, our cares and anxieties, 
 our feelings and affections, will extend to the un- 
 conscious dust.' 
 
 The following description of an ancient Greek 
 garden is interesting: 'II est plants de cypres, 
 
 •'.... Sepulohrum floribus omare,' — Cicero, 
 
68 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 d'ormes, et de peupliers ; les murailles sont tapiss6es 
 de fleurs qui vont en espaliers, et qui ne demandent 
 pas beaucoup de soin, comme de jasmins, des roses, 
 des chfevre-feuilles, <fec. ; le sol est couvert de violettes, 
 et de toutes sortes de fleurs de pris. D'un des angles 
 de ce jardin, il sorte une petite eau courante, qui 
 murmur doucement en faisant plusieurs detours ; eUe 
 conserve la fralcheur de ce beau lieu, oii regne un 
 priutems 6ternel ; Tombre des arbres, le silence et la 
 tranquility, la vari6t6 des fleurs, le murmur du ruisseau, 
 tout donne I'id^e de ces champs fortun^es ou les 
 anciens Grecs croyoient que les ^mes vertueuses 6toient 
 regues et r6compens6es. Ces fleurs sont I'image de 
 cette mSme vie qui ne dure que I'espace de quelques 
 instans, et qui passent pour ne plus revenir ; car 
 chaque annee ramtee des fleurs, mais ce ne sont pas 
 celles que nous avons vu fleittir et disparoltre.' 
 
 ' Ici repose le corps d'une S,me juste, qui n'a jamais 
 cess6 de m6diter la loi du Seigneur durant sa vie qui 
 a k\sk trop courte. Pendant ce terns, elle a rassasi^ 
 ceux qui avoient faim, refralchi ceux qui avoient soif , 
 et couvert ceux qui avoient froid ; eUe n'a jamais rien 
 dit qui put aflcliger personne ; elle a prot6g6 la vertu, 
 et a eu compassion du vicieuX ; elle n'a point 6t6 
 attache aux richesses, et mfeme, a pressa mort, elle les 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 69 
 
 a sacrifices pour diminuer les peines des autres, autant 
 qu'il a 6t6 son pouvoir, Passans, priez pour elle, et 
 imitez-la.' 
 
 The celebrated Field-Marshal Loudon, the terror 
 even of Frederick the Great, after the battle of 
 Kunnersdorff, ' Tune des plus meurtri^res de toute la 
 guerre' (where Loudon had killed under him 16,000 
 men, and the king more than 20,000), had so great an 
 attachment to his garden, that his biographer thus 
 relates of him : ' Depuis long tems il avoit choisi, dans 
 son pare k Hadersdorf, un endroit ombrage d'arbres, 
 ofi il avoit d6clar6 vouloir etre enterre. II le fit planter 
 d'arbres et de broussaiUes, et entourer d'une manifere 
 fort extraordinaire. II est vraisemblable qu'U avoit 
 pris ces nouvelles id6es des cimetiferes Turcs, qui sont 
 efiectivement remplis d'arbres, car il appelloit ce lieu, 
 aiasi dispos6, son jardin Turo. Aprfes la prise de 
 Belgrade, il avoit fait enlever les pierres d'un monu- 
 ment fun^raire, on les avoit transport6es k Hadersdorf, 
 et U en avoit fait construire un tombeau pour lui- 
 mSme. Oes pierres om6es d'inscriptions Turquea et 
 de guirlandes de fleurs, sont une esptee de marbre 
 blanc. La git paisiblement M. de Loudon au milieu 
 d'une prairie. Son tombeau est mur6 et des arbres 
 I'environnent de tous cotes. Ces pierres Turques 
 rappeUeront ^temellement la prise de Belgrade, et ses 
 victoires sur les fiers Ottomans.' 
 
^o GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 These fierce Ottomans at Belgrade ' se d6f endoient 
 en d6sesp6r6s. Depuis I'mvention de la poudre, jamais 
 ville n'avoit essuy6 un feu plus terrible. On jeta par 
 milliers dans la place des boulets, des grenades, des 
 bombes, &c. Des t^moins oculaires assurent qu'il est 
 impossible de se former une id^e du bruit 6pouvantable 
 que faisoit cette terrible canonade. L'air 6toit d^chire 
 par le sifflement des boulets ; la terre trembloit; I'^cho 
 des montagnes retentissoit de coups redoubles et sans 
 cesse renaissans ; la ntdt paroissolt aussi claire que le 
 jour, au moyen des flammes d^vorantes qui sortoient 
 k chaque instant de tous ces diflKrens instrumens de 
 mort. Le bruit du canon 6toit-il un moment suspendu, 
 on entendoit incontinent s'^lever de la ville les oris 
 lamentables des infortun6s Ottomans.' 
 
 Loudon's conflict with Frederick at Prague was 
 equally terrible. 'XJn bombardement ruina entifere- 
 ment cette ville. Le prince vouloit capituler, et 
 demandoit seulement la liberty de se retirer avec les 
 troupes qu'il commandoit. Le roi le refusa; il vouloit 
 avoir complfetement le plaisir de faire prisonniers ces 
 44,000 Autrichiens, ou au moias les rendre inutiles le 
 reste de la guerre. Aussi fit-il tirer sur Prague sans 
 aucun management. Plusieurs milliers de personnes, 
 vieUards, femmes et enfans, furent tu6s par les 
 bombes, ou 6cras6s dans les maisons qui s'6crou- 
 loient. Les Prussiens pouvoient entendre pendant 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS: 71 
 
 la nuit les oris et les g^missemefis de ces mfortun6s. 
 On mit 12,000 bouches inutiles hors de la viUe, afin 
 de pr6venir la famine ; mais les Prussiens les y firent 
 rentrer k coups de canon. Pendant les trois premieres 
 semaines du siege, la plus grande partie de la vUle 
 neuve, et le quartier des juif s furent enti^rement brules 
 et d6truits. On jeta au moins deux cens mille grenades 
 d'obusiers, boulets et bombes dans la viUe, qui tu^rent 
 plus de 8000 habitans, et en blessferent plus de 9000.' 
 His biographer further relates of him, ' Ce h^ros, 
 qui avoit essuy^ tant de fatigues, affront6 tant de 
 perils, mourut dans son lit. Tandis que tant de 
 milliers d'hommes tomboient autour de lui, la mort 
 I'^pargna. Monsieur de Loudon, qui k la covir, dans 
 une magnifique salle de gala, se tenoit modestement k 
 l'6cart ; qui dans une cercle, ou k une grande table, ne 
 parloit que par monosyllables et sembloit un vrai 
 misanthrope ; qui ^coutoit discuter avec ime timide 
 modestie la moindre question relative aux sciences ; 
 ce meme M. de Loudon a cheval, k la tete d'upf armee, 
 parolt ^tre un tout autre honune. Le genie martial 
 le saisit et le metamorphose. Sa voLx eclantante se 
 fait entendre k 100,000 guerriers ; chacun se tait 
 lorsqu'il parle ; chaque soldat tremble au moindre de 
 ses gestes. II est impossible, assurent tous les t^moins 
 oculaires, de se faire une idte du feu qui animoit M. 
 de Loudon, lorsqu'on le voyoit k la tite d'une troupe. 
 
72 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 II traversoit, comme un Eclair, les rangs et les sections, 
 donnoit ses ordres aveo l'iinp6tuosit6 de la f oudre ; et 
 malheur k quiconque laissoit appercevoir le moindre 
 signe de d6sob6issance, de Mchet6, ou d'arrogance. On 
 peut done appliqner h. M. de Loudon le vers suivant : 
 
 Est Dens in nobis, agitante calesoimus illo. 
 
 f7» Lieu, est en rums, et son action nous Ichcmffe. 
 
 En effet, il sembloit que Mars animat notre h^ros, 
 et qu'il r^pandit dans son &me son feu divin. Les 
 plus anciens soldats, les g6n6raux les plus aguerris 
 ^prouvoient un saisissement respectueux quand M. de 
 Loudon leur donnoit I'ordre du combat.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 73 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 ON COTTAGE GARDENS. 
 
 WOELIDGE, who wrote about 1680, when 
 speaking on the general attachment for 
 gardens, says, ' Such is its pre-exceUency, that there is 
 scarcely a cqttage in most of the southern parts of 
 England but hath its proportionable garden ; so great 
 delight do most men take in it that they may not only 
 please themselves with the view of the flowers, herbs, 
 and trees, as they grow, but furnish themselves and 
 their neighbours upon extraordinary occasions, as 
 nuptials, feasts, and funerals.' 
 
 A Mr. Moggridge, of Monmouthshire, communi- 
 cated to the Qcurdeneiis Magazine, in January, 1827, 
 respecting the milage ga/rdens and cottages which his 
 compassionate feelings for the poor labourers caused 
 him to establish, ' where seven years ago there was 
 nothing but thickets, brakes, and wood ;' but now 
 ' every cottager has his own oven, and bakes his own 
 bread ; he has also a corner in his pantry, which I 
 hope to live to see fitted with a small cask of good home- 
 brewed beer or ale ; but what is worth both put 
 together — he has his garden. All the villagers' gardens 
 are now well cxdtivated, some of them highly, pror 
 
74 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 ducing peas, beans, potatoes, cabbages, cauliflowers, in 
 the vegetable, and more sparingly currants, goose- 
 berries, raspberries, some strawberries, and apples, in 
 the fruit line.' This gentleman has shewn us how 
 very easy it is to add to the comforts of the unoffend- 
 ing hard-labouring poor. His ' village green, of two 
 acres, nearly covered with flourishing oak-trees,' and 
 'his village, situated in a valley, on ground gently 
 rising from the bank of a romantic mountain river, 
 stretching towards woods, which cover the steeply 
 rising hiUs,' would have been viewed by Goldsmith 
 with pensive sighs at the recollection of his own 
 Deserted Village ; and Mr. Gray, or Dr. "Watson, the 
 late Bishop of Llandafl', would have travelled miles to 
 have viewed the comfortable abodes of those who had 
 thus been rescued from a state ' bordering on despair,' 
 which absolutely paralysed all the wished-for exertions 
 of their honest labour. This generous advocate for 
 the poor who, one is proud to hear, bears the respect- 
 able and commanding title of a magistrate, may well 
 say that what he has thus done carries with it its own 
 reward ; and that the hours spent in the considera- 
 tion how the above might be effected formed ' some of 
 the most interesting of my Ufe.' * 
 
 * May the memory of this benevolent gentleman, Mr. Moggridge, 
 receive at a distant course of years the same tribute that has been 
 paid in Description routine de VEvivpive Frcmgois to the owner of a 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 75 
 
 This valuable paper of Moggridge reminds one 
 of the happiness Voltaire experienced when creating 
 his never-to-be-forgotten village of Ferney.'* 
 
 The conductor of the above Magazine, after feeling, 
 as so many of his pages indicate he always does, for 
 the comfortless state of too many of our cottage 
 labourers, observes that ' there are few ways in which 
 a landed proprietor could do more good to society, or 
 lay a more soHd foundation for self-satisfaction ; ' and 
 the same gentleman at page 1027 of his Enoydopcedia 
 of Gardening observes that ' whatever renders the 
 
 sweet village between Moulins and Lyons througli which Petrarch, 
 and later Sterne, must often have passed. ' Chaseuille, village qu'on 
 traverse nne demi-lieue avant Varennes. Au milieu de I'amphi- 
 the^tre de verdure qu'ils d^ploient aux regards enchantds du 
 voyageur, s'^^ve parml les pampres, les vergers et les bosquets, 
 le chateau seigneurial du village : aussi simple par sa structure 
 que d^licieux par sa situation, il u'^tale ni pavilions voluptueux, 
 ni tours mena9antes ; il commande moins le village qu'il ne 
 rembellit. Cette aimable et modeste habitation est celle d'un 
 vieillard philantrope, M. de Chaseuille, qui, persuadd que les seig- 
 neurs de la terre, comme oelui du oiel, ne doivent manifester leur 
 pouvoir aux hommes que par le bien qu'ils leur font, avait trouvd le 
 secret de se faire adorer de ses vassaux. H est douloureux de penser 
 que ce vieux ami des hommes n'existe peut-Stre plus au moment de 
 la publication de cet ouvrage (il dtait i la fin de sa carriJre) ; nous 
 aurons du moins la consolation d'avoir jetd quelques fleurs sur sa 
 tombe.' 
 
 * I am informed that the room at Ferney from whence issued 
 some of the brightest emanations of Voltaire, is now actually the' 
 room where boots and shoes are cleaned. 
 
76 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 cottager more comfortable and happy at home will 
 render him a better servant and subject, and in every 
 respect a more valuable member of society. Besides one 
 of the most constantly occurring objects in the country 
 is the labourer's cottage, whether detached by the road- 
 side or grouped in hamlets and villages, and, therefore, 
 to render such buildings and their scenery more orna- 
 mental must, independently of every other considera- 
 tion, be a very laudable object,;' and again at page 1044 
 he observes, ' It would be a most desirable circumstance 
 if proprietors who keep head-gardeners would desire 
 them to attend to the gardens of the cottagers on their 
 estates, to supply them with proper seeds and plants ; 
 to propagate for them a few fruit-trees, and distribute 
 them in the proper place in their plots ; to teach them 
 modes of culture suitable for their circumstances. In 
 this way, at no additional expense whatever to the 
 proprietor, much happiuess might be diffused; and 
 constantly recurring objects, too often indicating 
 wretchedness or, at least, slovenliness, rendered usefvd, 
 neat, and even ornamental.' 
 
 Lord Gardenstone in his Memorandums concerning 
 the village of Lawrence Kirk inserted in the Ewropeam 
 Magazine, declares, ' I felt an agreeable zeal in the 
 project, and contracted a fond affection to the people 
 as they became inhabitants of my village. I have 
 tried in some measure a variety of pleasures which 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 77 
 
 mankind pursue, but never relished any so much 
 as the pleasure arising from the progress of my 
 village.' 
 
 W. Mavor, in his edition of Tuaser, makes this 
 observation : ' Bind the poor man by his interest as 
 weU as his duty to the place where he lives, and he 
 will feel the pride of deserving well.' 
 
 One hopes, and believes, that the following strong 
 language of Nourse, in his GcmipMvia Fcelix, printed 
 'in 1700, appKed then (as it may do now) to very few: 
 ' "We may take leave to glance a little at the behaviour 
 of some Lords of Manors, whose bailiffs many times 
 wheedle in. the cottagers, allowing them liberty to 
 build upon the waste, and to inclose ground perhaps^; 
 giving them a tree or two to carry on the design, 
 upon condition they will take a lease of suth cottages 
 for three lives, paying only some sixpenny rent ; upon 
 the expiration of which term, his hungry lordship 
 swallows the poor cottage, with all its members and 
 dependences, at a bit, which, by the sweat and labour 
 of the poor defunct and his predecessors, was improved 
 t& a kind of competency out of nothing, whilst the 
 remains of the poor family are exposed to the naked 
 world, or else forced to pay a good round fine for the 
 renewal of that which was so dearly purchased by 
 liieir own pains and industry ; by which sly methods, 
 the commonage will be esngroSsed in time, and many 
 
78 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 whole families be devovired, to serve the appietite of 
 an insatiable patron.' 
 
 W. Withers, of Holt, in his late letter to Sir 
 W. Scott, forcibly remarks : ' Here, Sir Walter, I feel 
 the want of your pen, to enable me to appeal with 
 effect to the great landed proprietors, and to prove to 
 them, how closely their interests are bound up with 
 the welfare of the labouring classes ; to show how 
 much more it would be to their advantage to be 
 surrounded by industrious, weU-fed, happy, and con- 
 tented labourers, devoted to their interests, rather 
 than have their estates encumbered by idle, half- 
 starved, discontented paupers, and frequently engaged 
 in acts of plunder and violence, and ripe, at all times, 
 to avail themselves of any opportunity for wreaking 
 their vengeance upon those, whom, under other cir- 
 cumstances, they would sacrifice their lives to protect. 
 This is no exaggerated picture of the condition and 
 feelings of the majority of the labouring classes, no 
 supposititious or imaginary evil, no chimerical or false 
 notion ; but a real, palpable, existing, and notorious 
 deformity in the present state of society. I have 
 opportunities of knowing, and I do know, the feelings 
 of the labouring classes towards their employers and 
 superiors ; and I have no hesitation in saying that, 
 bad as is their condition, though they have suffered 
 much, and have but too frequently been iU-used, 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 79 
 
 nothing is wanting but remunerating wages, good 
 living, and kind treatment, to briag them back to 
 those honest, industrious, and obedient habits, for 
 which their forefathers in the same situation of life 
 were distinguished.' 
 
 I need make no apology to my reader for insert- 
 ing Tha Fwmral Oration of a Peasant, from the pen 
 of the celebrated Monsieur Mercier: 'Passing by a 
 village, I saw a company of peasants, their eyes 
 dejected and wet with tears, who were entering a 
 temple. The sight struck me ; I ordered the carriage 
 to stop, and followed them in. I saw in the middle 
 of the temple the corpse of an old man, in the habit 
 of a peasant, whose white hairs hung down to 
 the ground. The pastor of the village mounted a 
 small eminence, and said, "My feUow-countrjrmen, 
 the man you here see was for ninety years a benefactor 
 to mankind. He was the son of a husbandman, and 
 in his infancy his feeble hands attempted to guide the 
 plough. As soon as his legs could support him, he 
 followed his father in the furrows. When years had 
 given him that strength for which he long wished, he 
 said to his father, ' Cease from your labours ;' and from 
 that time each rising sun has seen him tiU the 
 ground, sow, plant, and reap the harvest. He has 
 cultivated more than two thousand acres of fresh 
 land. He has planted the vine in all the country 
 
8o GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 round about; and to him you owe the fruit-trees 
 that nourish your village, and afford you shelter from 
 -the sun. It was not avarice that made him 
 unwearied in his labours ; no, it was the love of 
 industry, for which he was wont to say, man was 
 bom ; and the great and sacred belief that God 
 regarded him when cultivating his lands for the 
 nourishment of his children. He married and had 
 twenty-five children. He formed them all to labour 
 and to virtue, and they have all maintained an un- 
 blemished character. He has taken care to marry 
 them properly, and led them, with a smiling aspect, 
 to the altar. AH his grandchildren have been brought 
 up in his house ; and you know what a pure imalter- 
 able joy dwells upon their Countenances. All these 
 brethren love one another, because he loved them, and 
 made them see what pleasure he found in loving them. 
 On days of rejoiciag, he Was the first to sound the 
 rural instruments ; and his looks, his voice, and 
 gesture, you know, were the signals for universal 
 mirth. You Cannot but remember his gaiety, the 
 lively effect of a peaceful mind, and his speeches full 
 of sense and wit ; for he had the gift of exercising 
 an ingenious raillery without giving offence. He 
 cherished order from an eternal sense he had of 
 virtue. "Whom has he ever refused to serve ? When 
 did he show himself unconcerned at public or private' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 8i 
 
 misfortunes? When was he indifferent in his 
 country's cause ? His heart was devoted to it ; 
 in his conversation he constantly wished for its 
 prosperity, "When age had bent his body, and his 
 legs trembled under him, you have seen him mount to 
 the summit of a hill, and give lessons of experie(nce 
 to the young husbandmen. His memory was the 
 faithful depository of observations, made during the 
 course of fourscore successive years, on the changes of 
 the several seasons. Such a tree, planted by his 
 hand in such a year, recalled to his memory the 
 favour or the wrath of heaven. He had by heart 
 what other men forget — ^the fruitful harvests, the 
 deaths and legacies to the poor. He seemed to be 
 endowed with a prophetic spirit, and when he 
 meditated by the light of the moon, he knew with 
 what seeds to enrich his garden. The evening before 
 his death he said, ' My children, I am drawing nigh 
 to that Being who is the author of all good, whom I 
 have always adored, and in whom I trust. To- 
 morrow prune your pear-trees, and at the setting of 
 the sun, bury me at the head of my grounds.' You 
 are now, children, going to place him there, and 
 ought to imitate his example ; but, before you inter 
 these white hairs, which have so long attracted 
 respect, behold with reverence his hardened hands ; 
 behold the honourable marks of his long labours." 
 
 G 
 
82 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 The orator then held up one of his cold hands ; it had 
 acquired twice the usual size by continual labour, and 
 seemed to be invulnerable to the point of the briar, or 
 the edges of the flint ; he then respectfully kissed the 
 hand, and all the company followed his example. ' His 
 children bore him to the grave on three sheaves of 
 corn, and buried him as he had desired, placing on 
 his grave his hedging-biU, his spade, and a plough- 
 share. " Ah ! " I cried, " it those men, celebrated 
 by Bossuet, Flechier, Mascaron, and Neuville, had the 
 hundredth part of the virtue of this villager, I would 
 pardon them their pompous and futile eloquence." ' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 83, 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE VINE IN 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Frmti ' Th£ while Art of Susbandry' erUa/rged iy BwmaJrjf 
 Oooge, ito. ilack letter, 1614. TTie first edition was published in 
 1577. This curious book is by way of dialogwe. 
 
 ILf'AJilUS. — You heare my wife calleth us to 
 supper, and you see the shadow is ten f oote 
 long, therefore, it is high time we goe. 
 
 Tkra. — I give you most harty thantes that you 
 have thus friendly entertained mee in this your fayre 
 orchard, with the sweet description of these pleasant 
 hearbes and trees. 
 
 Jtdia. — Sir, your supper is ready, I pray you make 
 an end of your talke, and let the gentleman come in 
 heere into this arbour. 
 
 Another short extract will show the nature of this 
 book : ' Epicure is reported to be the first that euer 
 deuised gardens in Athens, before his time it was not 
 seene, that the pleasures of the countrie were had in 
 the citie. Now when Thrasybulus trauailing in the 
 affayres of his prince, chaunced to come to the house 
 of Marius, and carried by him into a garden that he 
 
84 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 had, which was very beautifull, being led about among 
 the sweet smelling flowres, and vnder the pleasant 
 arbours, what a goodly sight (quoth Thrasybulus) is 
 heere. how excellently haue you garnished this 
 paradise of yours with all kinde of pleasures. Your 
 parlers, and your banketting houses both within and 
 without, as all bedecked with pictures of beautifull 
 flowres and trees, that you may not onely feede your 
 eyes with the beholding of the true and liuely flowre, 
 but also delight your self e with the counterfait in the 
 midst of winter, seeiag iu the one, the painted flower 
 to contend in beautie with the very flower : in 
 the other, the wonderfuU worke of nature, and in 
 both, the passing goodness of God. Moreouer, your 
 pleasant arboiu's to walke in, whose shaddowes keepe 
 off the heate of the sunne, and if it fortune to raine, 
 the cloisters are hard by. But specially this little 
 riuer, ,with most cleere water, encompassing the 
 garden, doth wonderfully set it forth, and herewith- 
 aU the greene and goodly quickset hedges.' 
 
 In his Dedication he observes that ' there is, in my 
 falicie, no life so quiet, so acceptable to God, and 
 pleasant to an honest miride, as is the life of the 
 countrie, where a man, withdrawing himselfe fifOm 
 the miseries, vanities, and vexations of this foolish and 
 now too too much doting world, may giue himselfe to 
 the sweet contemplation of God, and his 'workes, land 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS, %t, 
 
 the profit and reliefe of his poore distressed neighbour, 
 to which two things we were chief ely created, I thought 
 it good to send you here (as a token and a testimonie 
 of my thanMull mind, for your sundry friendships and 
 curtesies shewed vnto me) a rude draught of the 
 order and manner of the said countrie hfe, which you 
 may vse (if it please you) for your recreation. And 
 afterward^ (if so you thinke it meet) publish vnder 
 your protection, to the commoditie and benefit of 
 others. Fare you well; from Kingstone.' 
 
 In his epistle to the reader he thus speaks of the 
 Cultivation of the Vine : ' I am fully perswaded if 
 dfligence, and good husbandrie might be vsed, wee 
 might haue a reasonable good wine growing in many 
 places of this realme : as vndoubtedly we had imme- 
 diately after the Conquest, till partly by slothfubiesse 
 not liking any thing long that is painefull, partly by 
 ciuill discord long continuing it was left, and so with 
 time lost, as appeareth by a number of places in this 
 realme, that keepes still the name of vineyards : and 
 vpon many diffes and hUles are yet to be seene the 
 rootes, and olde remaines of vines. There is besides 
 Notingham, an auncient house called Ghilwell, in which 
 bouse remaineth yet as an auncient monument in a 
 great window of glasse, the whole order of planting, 
 proyning, stamping, and pressing of vines. Besides, 
 there is yet also growing an olde vine that yeelds a 
 
86 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS, 
 
 grape sufficient to make a right good •wine, as was 
 lately proved by a gentlewoman in the sayd house. 
 There hath moreouer good experience of late yeeres 
 beene made, by two noble and honourable Barons of 
 this realme, the Lard, VilUains of Tame, and the Lord 
 Gobham, who both had growing about their houses as 
 good vines, as are in many places of Erance. And if 
 they answere not in all points euery mans expectation, 
 the fault is rather to be imputed to the malice and 
 disdaine peraduenture of the Frenchmen that kept 
 them, then to any ill disposition, or fault of the soyle. 
 For where haue you in any place better, or pleasanter 
 Wines, then about Backrach, Colin, Andemach, and 
 diuers other places of Germanie, that haue in manner 
 the seKe-same latitude and disposition of the heauens 
 that we haue ? Beside, that the nearenesse to the 
 south, is not altogether the causer of good wines, 
 appeareth in that you haue about Orlecms, great store 
 of good and excellent wine : whereas, if you goe to 
 Bwrges, two dayes ioumey farther to the south, you 
 shall finde a wine not worth the drinking. The Kke 
 is (as I haue heard reported by Master D. Dale, Em- 
 bassadour for his Maiestie in these parts) of Paris and 
 Barleduke, the towne being southward, with noughtie 
 wines ; the other a great wayes farther to the north, 
 with as good wines as may be. But admit England 
 would yeeld none so strong and pleasant wines as are 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 87 
 
 desired (as I am fully perswaded it woiJd) yet it is 
 worth the triall and trauaile to haue wines of our 
 owne, though they be the smaller : and therefore I 
 thought it not meet to leaue out of my books the 
 ordering and trimming of vines.' * 
 
 * Much curious information on our English vineyards may be 
 seen in the HmycUygcBdAa, of Gmdeming, under the article ' Grape 
 Vine.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 MR. POPE'S LETTER TO MARTHA BLOUNT, 
 Describmg the seai of SoffW. Raleigh.* 
 
 I PROMISED you an account of Sherborne 
 before I bad seen it, or knew what I under- 
 took. I imagined it to be one of tbose fine old 
 seats of which there axe numbers scattered over 
 England. But this is so peculiar, and its situation 
 of so uncommon a kind that it merits a more particular 
 description. The house is in the form of an H • The 
 body of it, which was built by Sir "Walter Raleigh, 
 
 * In the note to the first page of the Preface to this present 
 volume, a hrief description is given of Sir W, Baleigh's seat and 
 garden, which I copied from Coker's Siwrvey of Dorset, A more 
 modem description of that seat appears in the above letter of 
 Pope's. In one of Digby's letters to Pope, he mentions his 
 frequent meditations in Baleigh's grove. Sir Walter's predilec- 
 tion for gardens, and for the choice and curious productions of 
 nature, appears in many instances. Gerard dedicates the second 
 edition of his list of his own garden in Holbom, to his patron. Sir 
 W. Baleigh. Sir Walter married a daughter of Sir Nicholas 
 Carew, of Eeddington, the gardens of which were much celebrated 
 in the sixteenth century. In Hutchin's History and Antiquities 
 qf Sherbowne, augmented and continued to the present time, 
 by B. Gough and J. B. Nichols, are given some particulars 
 of this estate and some very curious ones respecting Sir 
 Walter. Aubrey, in his hia/ry, speaking of Sherbourne says : 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 89 
 
 consists of four stories, with four six-angled towers at 
 the ends. These have since been joined to four wings, 
 with a regular stone balustrade at the top, and four 
 towers more that finish the building. The windows 
 and gates are of a yellow stone throughout ; and one 
 of the flat sides towards the garden has the wings of 
 a newer architecture, with beautiful Italian window 
 
 ' In short, and indeed, 'tis a most sweet and pleasant 
 place, and scite, as any in the west, perhaps none like it.' 
 And he further says, ' The time of his execution was contrived to 
 be on my Lord Mayor's day, that the pageantes and fine shewes 
 might drawe away the people from beholding the tragedie of one of 
 the gaUantest worthies that England ever bred.' Dr. Tounson 
 says, ' He was the most fearless of death that ever was known.' In 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster, is this inscription.! ' Within the walls 
 of this church were deposited the body of the great Sir W. Ealeigh, 
 on the day he was beheaded in Old Palace Yard, 18 October, 1618.' 
 When Sir Walter was confined at Winchester, in daily expectation 
 of death, he wrote a letter to his wife, (the daughter of the above- 
 mentioned Sir Nicholas Carew), and the following is part of that 
 letter : — ' You shall receive, my dear wife, my last words in these 
 my last lines ; my love I send you, that you may keep when I am 
 dead ; and my counsel, that you may remember it when I am no 
 more. I would not with my will present you sorrows ; dear Bess, 
 let them go to the grave with me, and be buried in the dust. And 
 seeing that it is the will of God, that I should not see you any more, 
 bear my destruction patiently, and with an heart like yourself. 
 First, I send you all the thanks which heart can conceive, or 
 my words express, for your many travels and cares for me, which, 
 though they have not taken effect as you wished, yet my debt to 
 you is not the less ; but pay it I never shall in this world. Secondly, 
 I beseech you, for the love you bear me living, that you do not hide 
 yourself many days, but by your travels seek to help my miserable 
 
go GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 frames, done by the first Earl of Bristol, which, if 
 they were joined in the middle by a portico covering 
 the old buildiag, would be a noble front. The design 
 of such an one I have been amusing myself with 
 drawing; but it is a question whether Lord Digby 
 win not be better, amused than to execute it. The 
 finest room is a saloon, fifty feet long, and a parlour 
 
 fortunes, and the sight of your poor child ; your mourning cannot 
 avail me that am but dust. I trust my blood will quench their 
 malice who desired my slaughter, that they will not seek also to 
 kill you and your's with extreme poverty. To what friend to 
 direct you I know not ; for all mine have left me in the true 
 time of trial. Most sorry am I, that being thus surprised by 
 death, I can leave you no better estate. God hath prevented all my 
 determinations ; that great God that worketh all in all. And if 
 you can live free from want, care for no more, for the rest is 
 but vanity. Eemember your poor child for his father's sake, who 
 loved you in his happiest estate, I sued for my life, but (God 
 knows) it was for you and your's that I desired it ; for know 
 it, my dear wife, your child is the child of a true man, who, in 
 his own respect, despised death and his mis-shapen and ugly 
 forms. I cannot write much. God knows how hardly I steal this 
 time when all are asleep ; and it is also time for me to separate my 
 thoughts from the world. Beg my dead body, which living was 
 denied you, and either lay it in Sherbum, or in Exeter Church, 
 by my father and mother. Time and death calleth me away. 
 The everlasting God, powerful, infinite, and inscrutable God 
 Almighty, who is goodness itself, the true light and life, keep you 
 and your's, and have mercy upon me, and forgive my persecutors 
 and false accusers, and send us to meet in his glorious kingdom. 
 My dear wife, farewell. Bless my boy, pray for me, and let my 
 tnie God hold you both in his arms. Your's that was, but now 
 not my own, Walter Raleigh.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 91 
 
 hung with very excellent tapestry of Kubens, which 
 was a present from the King of Spain to the Earl of 
 Bristol in his embassy there. This stands in a park 
 finely crowned with very high woods on all the tops 
 of the hiUs, which form a great amphitheatre sloping 
 down to the house. On the garden sides the woods 
 approach close, so that it appears there with a thick 
 line and depth of groves on each hand, and so it shows 
 from most parts of the park. The gardens are so 
 irregular that it is very hard to give an exact idea of 
 them but by a plan. Their beauty arises from this 
 irregularity; for not only the several parts of the 
 garden itself make the better contrast by these sudden 
 rises, falls, and turns of the groxmd, but the views 
 about are let in and hang over the walls in very 
 different figures and aspects. You come first out of 
 the house into a green walk of standard limes, with a 
 hedge behind them that makes a colonnade ; hence 
 into a little triangular wilderness, from whose centre 
 you see the town of Sherborne in a valley iuterspersed 
 with trees. From the corner of this you issue at once 
 upon a high green terrace, the whole breadth of the 
 garden, which has five more green terraces hanging 
 tinder each other, without hedges, only a few pyramid 
 yews and large round honeysuckles between them. 
 The honeysuckles hereabouts are the largest and finest 
 I ever saw. You'll be pleased when I tell you the 
 
92 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 quarters of the above-mentioned little wilderness are 
 fiUed with these and with cherry-trees of the best 
 kinds, all within reach of the hand. At the^ ends of 
 these terraces run two long walks under the side-waUs 
 of the garden which communicate with the other 
 terraces that front these opposite. Between the valley 
 is laid level, and divided into two irregular groves of 
 horse-chestnuts and a bowling-green in the middle of 
 about 180 feet. This is bounded behind with a canal 
 that runs quite across the groves, and also along one 
 side in the form of a X- Behind this is a semi- 
 circular h&rwoM, and a thicket of mixed trees that 
 completes the crown of the amphitheatre, which is of 
 equal extent with the bowling-green. Beyond that 
 runs a natural river through green banks of turf, over 
 which rises another- row of terraces, the &st supported 
 by a slope wall, planted with vines ; so is also the wall 
 that bounds the channel of the river. A second and 
 third appeared above this ; but they are to be turned 
 into a liae of wildemess, with wild winding walks, for 
 the convenience of passing from one side to the other 
 in shade ; the heads of whose trees will lie below the 
 uppermost terrace of all, which completes the garden 
 and overlooks both that and the country. Even above 
 the wall of this the natural ground rises and is crowned 
 with several venerable ruins of an old castle, with 
 arches and broken views of which I must say more 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 93 
 
 hereafter. When you are at the left corner of the 
 canal, and the chestnut groves in the bottom, you turn 
 of a sudden, under very old trees, into the deepest 
 shade. The walk winds you up a hi|l of venerable 
 wood, over-arched by nature and of a vast height, into 
 a circular grove, on one side of which is a close high 
 arbour, on the other a sudden open seat that overlooks 
 the meadows and river with a large distant prospect. 
 Another walk under this hiU winds by the river-side, 
 quite covered with high trees on both banks, over-hung 
 with ivy, where falls a natural cascade with never- 
 ceasing murmurs. On the opposite hanging of the 
 bank (which is a steep of fifty feet) is placed, with a 
 very fine fancy, a rustic seat of stone, flagged and 
 rough, with two urns in the same rude taste, upon 
 pedestals, on each side, ' from whence you lQs,e your 
 eyes upon the glimm.ering of the waters under the 
 wood, and your ears in the constant dashing of the 
 waves. In view of this is a bridge that crosses this 
 stream, built in the same ruinous taste ; the waU of 
 the garden hanging over it is humoured so as to 
 appear the ruin of another arch or two above the 
 bridge. Hence you mount the hill, over the Permit's 
 seat (as they call it), described before, and so to the 
 highest terrace again. On the left, fuU behind these 
 old trees which make this whole part inexpressibly 
 awful and solemn, runs a little, old, low wall, beside z. 
 
94 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 trench covered with elder trees and ivy ; which, being 
 crossed by another bridge, briags you to the ruins, to 
 complete the solemnity of the scene. You first see an 
 old tower, penetrated by a large arch and others above 
 it, through which the whole country appears in prospect, 
 even when you are at the top of the other ruins ; for 
 they stand very high, and the ground slopes down on 
 all sides. These venerable broken walls, some arches 
 almost entire, of thirty or forty feet deep, some open 
 like porticoes with fragments of pillars, some circular 
 or enclosed on three sides but exposed at top, with 
 steps, which time has made of disjointed stones to 
 cUmb to the highest points of the ruin. These, I say, 
 might have a prodigious beauty, mixed with greens 
 and parterres from part to part, and the whole heap 
 standing as it does on a round lull kept smooth in 
 green turf, which makes a bold basement to show it. 
 The open courts from building to buUding might be 
 thrown into circles or octagons of grass or flowers ; 
 and even ia the gaping rooms you have fine trees 
 grown that might be made a natural tapestry to the 
 walls, and arch you overhead where time has uncovered 
 them to the sky. Little paths of earth or sand might 
 be made up the half -tumbled walls to guide from one 
 view to another on the higher parts ; and seats placed 
 here and there to enjoy those views, which are more 
 romantic than imagination can form them. I could 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 95 
 
 very much wish this were done, as well as a little 
 temple built on a neighbouring round hill that is seen 
 from all points of the garden and is extremely pretty. 
 It would finish some walks, and particularly be a fine 
 termination to the river and be seen from the entrance 
 into that deep scene I have described by the cascade, 
 where it would appear as in the clouds, between the 
 tops of some very lofty trees that form an arch before 
 it, with a great slope downward to the end of the said 
 river. 
 
96 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 POPE'S VILLA AT TWICKENHAM. 
 
 Now the residence of the Right MowmrMe WeUebore Ellis, 1789. 
 From the ' Topographer.'* 
 
 OF all the villages situated on the banks of the 
 Thames, Twickenham is acknowledged to he 
 one of the most pleasant. Its vicinity to the metropolis, 
 its fine prospect of the river, and the enchanting view 
 of perhaps the richest landscapes in England, have, of 
 late years, made it the centre of wealth and fashion, 
 and at the distance of more than half a century ago 
 captivated the taste, and procured it to the residence 
 of one of the most elegant and harmonious of our 
 poets. With the same veneration that a true Mussul- 
 man makes a pilgrimage to the tomb of his prophet, a 
 lover of the Muses visits that hallowed spot where the 
 last notes were echoed from the lyre of Pope ! So 
 
 * Brewer, in the Becmties of England and Wales, most feelingly 
 relates the devastation committed on this spot a few years since, 
 which 'the bright sunshine of intellect once illumined.' One 
 may apply to Mr. Pope the line which Shakespeare addressed to 
 Anne Hathaway : — 
 
 ' Thy eternal summer shall not fade.' 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 97 
 
 forcibly indeed has this passion operated that the 
 neighbourhood is no less indebted for its population 
 than its celebrity to this circumstance. Of all the 
 nations in Europe, the English have the greatest 
 attachment to dassic ground. The genius of improve- 
 ment has been called in to aid the natural advantages 
 of this charming place, for the present possessor has 
 not only expended a considerable sum of money in the 
 extension, but has also been at infinite pains in the 
 adorning of the grounds, which must now be allowed 
 to exhibit some of the sweetest portions of cultivated 
 scenery in the vicinity of the capital. In the lifetime 
 of the poetical architect, the house, like his own 
 ambition, was humble and confined ; since that period 
 attachment to his memory has enlarged its dimensions 
 and made it in some measure worthy of his virtues. 
 The centre building only was inhabited by Pope. 
 Sir "William Stanhope, his successor, added two wings, 
 and considerably enlarged the garden adjoining to it, 
 circumstances which he has recorded on a marble 
 tablet placed above an arch leading to his new 
 acquisitions : 
 
 ' The humble roof, the garden's scanty line, 
 ni suit the genius of a bard divine ; 
 But fancy now displays a fairer scope, 
 And Stanhope's plans unfold the soul of Pope.' 
 
 Mr. Ellis has stuccoed the front of the house and 
 
 H 
 
98 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 fitted it up in an elegant and even magnificent style ; 
 the rooms are lofty and of large dimensions ; the fur- 
 niture, which is modern, is of the most costly work- 
 manship, and the pictures at once display the taste 
 and the opulence of the owner. A charming green- 
 house, a cold bath, a succession house, and a pinery, 
 have also been added by that gentleman. The lawn, 
 which was formerly a narrow grass plot, has, within 
 these few months, been enlarged by late purchases 
 from the executors of the Honourable Mr. Shirley; it 
 runs now almost the whole length of Cross Deep, and 
 being embanked at the bottom, forms a beautiful in- 
 flection parallel to the curve of the river. The top 
 of it is fashioned into a noble terrace several hundred 
 feet in length, from whence Richmond Hill is seen 
 rising like a verdant amphitheatre, out of the bottom 
 of a country finely diversified with wood. The slope 
 which declines gently towards the Thames exhibits a 
 charming and romantic prospect of that noble river, 
 the face of which is ever varying by the continual and 
 uninterrupted succession of objects that float upon its 
 surface. Meandering walks, everywhere shadowed 
 with flowering shrubs and evergreens, afibrd a cool and 
 agreeable shelter from the scorching rays of the 
 summer's sun, and being peopled by sylvan choristers, 
 who sport here undisturbed, add not a little to the 
 fascinating enjoyments of a situation that at once 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 99 
 
 unites beauty and harmony. Towards the margin of 
 the stream, propped with uncommon care, and guarded 
 by a holy zeal from the ravages of time, still stands the 
 'Wee'ping Willow, planted by the hand of ' The Bard of 
 Twickenham.' Prom this a thousand slips are annually 
 transmitted to the most distant quarters of the globe, 
 and during the present year the Empress of Russia 
 has planted some in her own garden at St. Petersburg. 
 Underneath this tree a smaU band of instrumental 
 music is stationed during the summer, the melody of 
 which, by the intervention of the water, has a charm- 
 ing effect. The grotto, once so celebrated, is now only 
 remarkable by having been erected imder the eye of 
 its classical composer. The dilapidations of time, and 
 pious thefts of travellers, who select the spars, ores, 
 , and even the common flints as so many holy relics, have 
 brought it nearly to decay. It no longer forms a 
 ' camera obscura,' nor does ' the thin alabaster lamp of 
 an orbicular form ' now ' irradiate the star of looking- 
 glass ' placed in the centre of it. Even ' the perpetual 
 rUl that echoed through the garden night and day ' is 
 no longer in existence. The thirsty Naiads placed 
 round its basin, which still remain, pant for their 
 native element and lament their empty urns ! In two 
 adjoining apertures in the rock, a Ceres and a, Bacchus, 
 an excellent bust of Pope, and some other figures are 
 placed, one of which has a cockle-shell in the fore part 
 
100 GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. 
 
 of the hat, after the manner of the ancient pilgrims. 
 The right-hand cavity, which opens to the river by 
 means of a small window latticed with iron bars, it is 
 said contained the Poet when he composed some of his 
 happiest verses. It is impossible to leave this sub- 
 terraneous abode without a sympathetic recollection of 
 the following apposite lines : — 
 
 ' . . . . lo ! th' Egerian grot 
 Where nobly pensive St. John sat and thought, 
 Where Sritish sighs from dying Wyndham stole, 
 And the bright flame was shot through Marchmont's soul,' 
 
 At the extremity, next the garden, is an inscrip- 
 tion cut on white marble : — 
 
 ' Secmtvm Iter 
 Bt FaUentis semita Vitce.' 
 
 In another grotto which passes under a road to 
 the stables, and connects the pleasure grounds, there 
 are three beautiful busts of Sir W. Stanhope, his 
 daughter, and the late Lord Chesterfield^ cut in Italian 
 " marble; opposite each a Boman urn of exquisite work- 
 manship is placed in a niche formed in the wall ; 
 around are scattered huge masses of stone in imitation 
 of rocks; wild plants and hardy forest trees that 
 delight in bleak situations are also planted on each 
 side to give a sylvan rudeness to the scene. Erom 
 this, after visiting the orangery, &c., &c., the stranger 
 
GLEANINGS ON GARDENS. loi 
 
 is led to a small obelisk erected by Pope to the 
 memory of his mother. On the base of it is the 
 following motto, at once descriptive of the piety of 
 the son and the virtue of the mother : — 
 
 ' Ah ! Editha 
 Matmm Optima, 
 Mrdierum Amantissima, 
 Vale/' 
 
 The groves around it, which are of a circular form, 
 lead into each other by means of narrow alleys ; the 
 whole is in the taste of Queen Anne's reign, and in 
 regard to the design, remains exactly as when first 
 planted. Notwithstanding the uniformity of the 
 ground plan, it must be acknowledged that the cypress, 
 yew, and laurel, with which this part of the pleasure 
 grounds abound, are planted in such a manner as to 
 give a more mournful and expressive appearance to 
 the scene than could have been easily achieved by all 
 the boasted effects of modem gardening. 
 
LIST OF BOOKS & VIEWS REFERRED TO. 
 
 PASK 
 
 Addison (Joseph), Biographical Sketch of, . . . . 1« 
 [See] Drake (N.). Essays, &c. Vol. 1. 
 
 Addison (Eight Hon. J.). Miscellaneous works . . . of J. J. 
 . . . with some account of the life and writings of the 
 
 author, by Mr. TickeU 16 
 
 London. 1736. 8vo. 
 
 Another ed. „ 1746. 8vo. 
 
 „ „ „ 1766. 12mo. 
 
 „ „ „ 1777. 12mo. 
 
 Addison (Eight Hon. J.), Works of. [With a preface by 
 
 Thomas Tiokell] 16 
 
 London. 1722. 12mo. 
 Another ed. „ 1804. 8vo. 
 
 „ „ „ 1811. 8vo. • 
 
 Aggas (Ealph). Oxonia Antiqua Instaurata, sive Urbis et 
 Academise Ozoniensis topographica deliaeatio, olim a 
 Eadnlpho Agas impressa a,d. 1578, nunc denuo sexi 
 Incisa. 2 tab. 1728 
 
 Atktns (Sir E.). The Ancient and present state of Glostershire. 
 London. 1712. Fol. 
 Seconded. „ 1768. Pol. 
 
 AUBBEY (John). Diary 88 
 
 Adbbbt (John). Lives of Eminent Men. Letters written by 
 eminent persons in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- 
 turies, &c Vol. 2, pt. 1. 1813. 8vo 14 
 
 AUBBET (John). The natural history and antiquities of the 
 county of Surrey. 5 Vols. London, 1717-18-19. 8vo. . 8 
 
I04 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Badeslade (T.) [&e]Kent 7 
 
 Bbattib (James). The Minstrel, or, the Progress of Genius ; 
 a poem. ........•■60 
 
 London. 1771. 4to. 
 
 Second ed. „ 1774. 4to. 
 
 And numerous editions to 1851. 
 
 Beauties of England aito "Wales 9 
 
 \See\ Brayley (E. W.) and Britton (J.) 
 
 Beetebell (J.). Delices de la Grande Bretagne et de I'lrlaude. 
 
 8 torn. Leide. 1707. Svo. 5&7 
 
 Nouvelle ed. „ „ 1727. Svo. 
 
 Bbadlet (Richard). N'ew Improvements of Planting and 
 
 Gardening. 19 
 
 London. 1717. Svo. 
 2nd ed. 3 pt. „ 1718. Svo. 
 3rd ed. 3 pt. „ 1719-20. Svo. 
 
 4th ed. 5 pt. „ 1724. Svo. 
 
 5th ed. 3 pt. „ 1726. Svo. 
 
 ethed. 2pt. „ 1731. Svo. 
 
 7th ed. „ 1739. Svo. 
 
 Bray (William). Memoirs, illustrative of the life and writings 
 of John Evelyn, comprising his Diary . , , 1641-1705-6. 
 
 Edited by W. Bray 3 
 
 London. 1S18. 4to. 
 2 Vols. „ 1819. 4to. 
 
 4 „ „ 1850-52. Svo. 
 
 Brayley (Edward Wedlake) and Bbitton (John). The Beauties 
 of England and Wales. 18 Vols, in 26 .... 
 
 London. 1801-15. Svo. 
 [First six volumes by Brayley and Britton ; remaining 
 volumes by various authors.] 
 
 Bbidqeman (Sarah) 3 
 
 \_See\ Stowe, co. Bucks. A general plan, &c. 
 
 Bbitankia Illustrata ; or, views, &c 7 
 
 2 vols. London. 1720-40. Fol. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. loj 
 
 PASE 
 
 BBrcxOH (Jolu). Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain, xiv.&l 
 5 vols. Xiondon. 1807-27. 4to. 
 
 VoL 6 has a second title-page, tvhich reads : ' Chronological 
 history ... of Christian Architecture,' &c, 
 
 Britton (John). An historical and architectural essay relating 
 to Bedcliffe Church, Bristol, . . , also an essay on the life 
 and character of T. Chatterton. London. 1813. 8to. xiii & 9 
 
 Bltrn;ON (John). The history and antiquities of the Metro- 
 political Church of York, illustrated, &c. London. 1819. 4to. 57 
 
 Buck (Samuel) and (Nathanael). [A collection of engravings of 
 castles, abbeys, and towns in England and Wales, by S. 
 and N. B., afterwards republished under the title of Buck's 
 Antiquities.] 5 vols. [London.] 1721-52. Obi. fol. . 4 
 
 BUROHSB (Michael). \See\ Plot (R.) 9 
 
 BUBTON (William). The description of Leicestershire. . . S 
 London. [1622.] Fol. 
 2nded. Lynn. 1777. Fol. 
 
 Caledonian Hoktioultubal Sociktt. Memoirs, &e. . . 58 
 VoL 1-4, 5 ; pt. 1. Edinburgh. 1814-32. 8vo. 
 No more of Vol. 5 published. 
 
 Catjx (Isaac de). [<See] Wilton, in Wiltshire .... 7 
 
 Chatelain (M.) 8 
 
 \See\ Stowe, oo. Bucks. Sixteen Perspective Views. 
 
 Chatterton (Thomas). [&e] Britton (John) . xiii & xiv 
 
 Chauncet (Sir Henry). The historical Antiquities of Hert- 
 fordshire. London. 1700. Fol 2 
 
 Another ed. 2 vols. Bishops Stortford. 1826. 8vo. 
 
 GmawiCE. Six views of the Earl of Burlington's Seat at 
 Chiswick, by Donowell. 1753 8 
 
 CHI8WI0K. Two views of the Earl of Burlington's Seat at 
 Chiswick, by Rysbrake 8 
 
io6 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 FAQB 
 
 COBBBTT (William). The English Gardener ; or, a treatise on 
 . . . kitchen gardens . . . hot beds, greenhouses, &c. . 20 
 London; 1829. 12mo. 
 
 CoBBBTT (William). Bnral Rides in the Counties of Surrey, 
 
 Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, &o vu 
 
 London. 1830. 12mo. 
 Newed. „ 1863. 12mo. 
 
 Newefl. „ 1885. 8vo. 
 
 COBBETT (William). The Woodlands : or, a treatise ... on 
 the planting, on the cultivating ... of Forest trees and 
 Underwoods, &o. London. 1825. 8vo 19 
 
 COKER (John). A Survey of Dorsetshire. London. 1732. Fol. 88 
 
 CBiwEOfflUR (Michael Guillaume Jean de). Letters from an 
 
 American Farmer viii 
 
 London. 1782. 8vo. 
 Another ed. Dublin. 1782. 12mo. 
 „ „ Belfast. 1783. 12mo. 
 
 DAU.AWAT (James). Anecdotes of the Arts in England . . 5 
 London. 1800. 8vo. 
 Another ed. „ 1800. 4to. 
 
 Dallawat (James). Supplementary Anecdotes of Gardening. 21 
 [&e] Walpole (Horace). Ane^lotes of Painting. 
 
 Dbfob (Daniel). A Tour thro' the whole Island of Great Britain. 28 
 3 vols. London. 1724. 8vo. 
 Another ed. „ 1742. 12mo. 
 „ „ „ 1748. 12mo. 
 „ „ „ 1753. 12mo. 
 „ „ 4vols. „ 1769. 12mo. 
 1778. 8vo. 
 
 Defob (Daniel). A Journey through England and Scotland. 
 3 vols. 1714 28 
 
 DESCEIPTION EOUmiB DE l'Empibb FRANgOIS. . . . 74 
 
 DiGBT (R.). Letters to (A.) Pope. [See] Pope (A.) Letters, &o. 88 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 107 
 
 PAGE 
 
 DiLLENius (Joannes Jacobus). Hortus Elthamensis, seu Plan- 
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 DONOWBLL ( ). [See\ Chiswiok. Six Views, &o. . . .8 
 
 Drake (Nathan) M.D. Essays, Biographical, Critical, and 
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 3 vols. London. 1805. 8vo 16 
 
 Drake (Nathan), M.D. Mornings in Spring. 2 vols. London. 
 1828. 8vo 13 
 
 Deummond (James L.). First Steps to Botany. . . ,65 
 London. 1823. 12mo. 
 2nded. „ 1826. 12mo. 
 
 4th ed. „ 1835. 12mo. 
 
 DuGDALB (Sir William). The Antiquities of Warwickshire . 3 
 London. 1656. Fol. 
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 Another ed. Coventry. 1765. Fol. 
 
 European Magazinb. 87 vols. London. 1782-1825. 8vo. 76 
 New Series. Vols. 1, 2. London. 1825-26. 8vo. 
 
 Evelyn (Charles). The Lady's Recreation ; or, the Art of 
 
 Gardening further improved 4 
 
 London. 1718. 8vo. 
 2nded. „ 1718. 8vo. ' 
 
 3rded. „ 1719. 8vo. 
 
 rees, &c. . 65 
 
 Evelyn (John). 
 
 Sylva, or, a 
 
 discourse of fo 
 
 3rd pt. 
 
 
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 . 1664. Fol. 
 
 3rd ed. 
 
 
 )} 
 
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 5th ed. 
 
 
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 1729. Fol. 
 
 Another ed. 
 
 
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 1776. 4to. 
 
 » f) 
 
 2 vols, 
 
 ■ )i 
 
 1786. 4to. 
 
 3rd 
 
 }) 
 
 
 1801. 4to. 
 
 4th 
 
 }f 
 
 )) 
 
 1812. 4to. 
 
lo8 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
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 rsi/rON (Samuel), Miscellanies on Ancient and Modem Gar- 
 dening, and on the Scenery of Nature. London. 1785. 8to. viii 
 
 Fblton (Samuel). On the Portraits of English Authors on 
 
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 London. 1828. 8ro. 
 2nded. „ 1830. 8vo. 
 
 Pitz-Stkphen (G.). [-See] Stephanides (G.) , . . .21 
 
 G., E. British Topography. [By R. 6., ie. E. Gough] . . 9 
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 Gabdbnib's IiABYBHITH. [iSee] Mountain (D.) . . .2 
 
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 [Oct. 1826, and Jan. 1827 referred to.] 
 
 Gerard (John). The Herball, or generall historie of plantes 2 
 London. 1597. Fol. 
 Another ed. „ 1633. Pol. 
 
 GOOGE (Bamaby). [iS^] Hereshach (Conrad) . . .83 
 
 GouoH (B.). [iSee] G., E 9 
 
 Haufton Couet, Five Views of. By Highmore ; engraved 
 by Tinney 4 
 
 Hampton Coubt and its Gardens. Published by Wilkinson 8 
 
 Hampton Court. Plan of the Eoyal Palace and Gardens of 
 Hampton Court, by Eooque. 1736 8 
 
 Hampton Court. A View of the Gardens of Hampton Court, 
 by Mannskirch ; engraved by Schutz. 1798. ... 8 
 
 HaRleian MANnscRlPT, No. 5308. Variety of Plans for 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY. 109 
 
 PAOE 
 
 HEBKBBAOH(Ooiiitid). FoureBookesof Husbanclry . . . Newely 
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 HiOHMOBB ( ). [<S^] Hampton Court .... 4 
 
 HmscHFXLD (Christian Cayos Lorenz). TheoriederGardenkunst 60 
 Leipsig. 1775. 8vo. 
 Another ed. 2 vols. „ 1779-85. 4to. 
 
 HiBBOHFBUD (Christian Cayus Lorenz). Theorie de I'art des 
 
 Jardins, . , , tradait de I'AUemand, &c 60 
 
 5 torn. Leipsig. 1779-85. 4to. 
 
 HoNiNOTON Hall. View of Honington Hall, in the county of 
 Warwick, the seat of Sir Henry Parker, Bart. , by Buck. 1731. 4 
 
 HuTCHDis (John). History and Antiquities of the county of 
 Dorset. Second ed. corrected, &c. (By R. Gough and J. B. 
 Nichols.) 4 vols. London. 1796-1815. Pol. ... 88 
 1st ed. 2 vols. London. 1774. Fol. 
 3rd „ 4 vols. Westminster. 1861-73. Pol. 
 
 Jacob (Giles). The Country Gentleman's Vade mecum . . 4 
 London. 1717. 12mo. 
 
 James (John). The theory and practice of Gardening . . . 
 done &om the French [of J. B. A. Le Blond], By J. J. . 4 
 London. 1712. 4to. 
 
 Ebith (Patrick). System of Physiological Botany . . , viii 
 2 vols. London. 1816. 8vo. 
 
 EENltET (White). Parochial Antiquities attempted in the 
 history of Ambrosden, Bnrcester, ... in the counties of 
 
 Oxford and Bucks 3 
 
 Oxford. 1695. 4to. 
 Another ed. 2 vols. „ 1818. 4to. 
 
no BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Kent. Thirty -six views of Noblemen and Gentlemen's seats in 
 the county of Kent, all designed upon the spot, by T. 
 Badeslade. Fol 7 
 
 Kbnt (Nathaniel). General View of the Agriculture of the 
 County of Norfolk. 1794. 4to 22 & 23 
 
 Knight (K. P.). A Review of The Landscape, also of an Essay 
 [by Sir U. Price] on the Picturesque. London. 1795. 4to. 27 
 
 Langlet (Batty). New Principles of Gardening ... 4 
 London. 1728. 4to. 
 
 La. Quintihib (J. de). Compleat Gard'ner . . . Abridg'd . . . 
 
 by G. London and Henry Wise 3 
 
 London. 1699. 8vo. 
 
 Another ed. „ 1704. Svo. 
 
 „ =, » 1710. 8vo. 
 
 Lawbbnob (John) or Laubbnce. Clergyman's Recreation. . 4 
 London. 1714. Svo. 
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 4th ed. „ 1716. 8vo. 
 
 5th ed. „ 1717. Svo. 
 
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 LBLAin} (John). The Itinerary of John Leiand the Antiquary, 
 
 publish'd ... by T. Heame 8 
 
 9 vols. Oxford. 1710-12. Svo. Vol. 8 in 2 pt. 
 2nded. „ „ 1745-44. Svo. 
 
 3rd ed. „ „ 1770. Svo. 
 
 LoGGAN (David). Cantabrigia illustrata, Cantabrigiee. [1688.] Fol. 5 
 
 LOGGAK (David). Oxonia illustrata. Oxonise. 1765. Fol. , 5 
 
 London, View of. 1563. [See] also Pennant's London . . 23 
 
 London (George). Compleat Gard'ner 
 [/Sse] La Quintinie (J. de). 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. iii 
 
 PAGE 
 
 LoiiiDON (Gteorge) and Wise (Henry). Betir'd Gard'ner . . 3 
 2 vols. London. 1706. 8to. 
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 Loudon or Laubon (Gideon Ernst) 69 
 
 [&«] Pezd (Johann). La vie du Peldmareohal Baron de 
 Loudon, &c. 
 
 Loudon (Jolm Claadius). An Encyclopedia of Gardening, ri & 1 
 
 London. 1822. 8vo. 
 
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 Lylb. Herlial 15 
 
 Ltsons (Daniel). The Environs of London 9 
 
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 Ltsoijb. (Daniel) and (Samuel). Magna Britannia ; Vol 1-6 
 
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 Magna BBiTAmnA. [>Siee] Lysons (D.) and (S.) . . 9&12 
 
 Malohb ( ). [<Stee] Aubrey (J.) Lives of Eminent Men. . 14 
 
 Mavob (W.). [See] Tusser (Thomas) 77 
 
 Mebcieb (B. ). Funeral Oration of a Peasant . . . .79 
 
 MiLLBB (Philip). The Gardener's Dictionary .... 4 
 2 vols. London. 1731. Fol. 
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 MORANT (Philip). History and Antiquities of the County of 
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112 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 MotWTADf (Didymus) p.e. Thomas Hfll]. The Gardener's 
 
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 MuLLEB ( ). [iSee] Vanxhall 8 
 
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 Oxford Almanacks. Oxford. 1673-17—? 8to. ... 9 
 
 Peck (Francis). Desiderata Curiosa 11 
 
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 Pennant (Thomas). Of London 23 
 
 
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 11 
 
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 La vie 
 
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 Plot (Robert) Dr. Natural History of Oxfordshire . . 9 
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 Pope (Alexander). Letters of Mr. Pope ..... 88 
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 Price (Sir Uvedale) 27 
 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY. 113 
 
 Fbioe (Sir Uvedale). An Essay on the Picturesque ... 2 
 
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 „ „ Edinbuigh. 1842. 8to. 
 
 Price (Sir Uvedale). A Letter to H. Eepton ... on the 
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 BoDO (Horatio). Catalogue of authentic portraits, painted in 
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 Btsbrakb \_See\ Chiswick. Two Views, &c. 
 
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 Shaeesfeabe (William). Love's Labour Lost. . . 21&22 
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 Shaw (Stebbing). A Tour to the West of England in 1788. . 12 
 
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 Shebabd (James), Dr. Garden at Eltham . . . .24 
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BIBLIOGRAPHV. 1 1 5 
 
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 Sir Walter Eawleigh.&o 89 
 
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 Vol. I, Appendix clxxxiv.-clxxxvi. 
 
 TussEB (Thomas). Five hundreth points of good husbandry 
 vnited to as many of good huswlferie, &c. . . . .77 
 New ed. with notes ... by W. Mavor. 
 
 London. 1812. 4to. 
 Another ed. Oxford. 1848. 16mo. 
 Last ed., published by the English Dialect Society. 
 
 London. 1878. 8vo. 
 
 Vauxhall. a general Prospect of Vauxhall Grardens, shewing 
 at one View the disposition of the whole Gardens, by Wale 
 engraved by Muller, 1751 
 
 Vbetub's Walpolb. [See] Walpole (Horace) . 
 
 Vebtue (George). A description of the works of ... W, 
 
 Hollar 
 
 London. 1745. 4to. 
 2nded. „ 1759. , 
 
 Walk ( ), [See] VauxhaU . .... 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 117 
 
 PAGE 
 
 WAtPOLE (Horace), Earl of Orford. Anecdotes of Painting in 
 
 England, . . . Collected by G. Vertue, &c. . . vii & 21 
 
 4 vols. Strawberry Hill. 1762-71. 4to. 
 
 „ 1765-71. „ 
 
 London 1782. 8vo. 
 1786. 
 
 „ 1826-28. „ 
 1849. 
 1879. 
 
 11 1888. , , 
 
 Waltbbus, db Heminqbuegh. Walter! Hemingford . . . 
 Historia de rebus gestis Edvardi I., II., III. Publicavit, 
 
 T. Heamius 89 
 
 2 vols. Oxonise. 1731. 8vo. 
 
 Wakton (Thomas). History of English Poetry ... 22 
 4 vols. London. 1774-81. 8vo. 
 
 2nded. 
 
 
 3rd „ 
 
 >» 
 
 4th „ 
 
 5 vols. 
 
 'Another ed. 
 
 
 New 
 
 3 vols. 
 
 Another ,, 
 
 1vol. 
 
 it 3) 
 
 3 vols. 
 
 2nd ed. 3 
 
 1) 
 
 9) 
 
 1775-81, 
 
 Another ed. 4 
 
 
 
 1824 
 
 3 
 
 1) 
 
 J) 
 
 1840 
 
 4 
 
 }} 
 
 
 1871 
 
 WHiUAlis (William). Oxonia depicta 5 
 
 [Orford. 1732-3.] Fol. 
 
 WeCiTON, in Wiltshire. An exact Plan of the Gardens and 
 Park at Wilton ; the Seat of Henry, Earl of Pembroke, 
 together with the Town ; also Plans and Views of some of 
 the Buildings in the gardens ; by J. Bocque. 1746 . . 7 
 
 Wise (Henry). Compleat Gard'ner ...... 3 
 
 [See] La Quintinie (J. de). 
 
 Wise (Henry), and London (George). Eetir'd Gard'ner . . 3 
 2 vols. London. 1716. 8vo. 
 2nded. „ 1717. „ 
 
 Withers (William). Letter to Sir W. Scott, Bart., respecting 
 certain . . . errors in his late essay on Planting, &c. . 22 & 78 
 London. 1828. 8vo. 
 
 * This edition, edited by the Bev. J. Dallaway, is the one referred to. 
 
ii8 BIBLIOGRAPH\. 
 
 PASS 
 
 Thb Would. No. 118. (1756) referred to . . . .17 
 4 vols. London. [1753-66]. Fol. 
 Another ed. p „ „ 1755-57. 12mo. 
 
 Srded. 4 „ „ 1761. ,, 
 
 And numerous other editions. 
 
 WoBiiiDQS (John). Systems Agricultnrse, &c. ... 9 
 
 London. 1669. Fol. 
 
 1677. „ 
 
 1681. „ 
 
 1697. 8vo. 
 
 1716. „ 
 
 WoBLlDas (John). Systema tiorticulturee ; or, tlie Art of 
 
 Gardening viii & 3 
 
 London. 1677. 8to. 
 Another ed, „ 1683. „ 
 
 ■I II 1688. „ 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Albnry, Vineyard of, 9 
 Alloway, Oardens of, 53, 54 
 
 Views from, 54 
 
 Althorp, 16, 47 
 
 Alton Grrove, near Nottiug'liam, 26 
 
 Ananas, an Indian Frnlt, 14 
 
 Andemach, Wine from, 86 
 
 Anderson, Sir Edmund, 15 
 
 Anne, Qneen, 1 
 
 Aristotle, 64 
 
 Arlington, Lord, 29 
 
 Amndel, Lord, 9 
 
 Arviragus, 67 
 
 Ashmolean Museum, 9 
 
 Ashrldge 30 
 
 Abbey, 12 
 
 Aspeden Hall, 2, 3 
 Athens, 5 
 
 Gardens in, 83 
 
 Atbol, Dnke of, 53 
 Andley End, 15 
 
 BaccliuB, 99 
 
 Backrach, Wine from, 86 
 
 Ba£on, Lord, 14 
 
 Balgony. 54 
 
 Balle, Mr., Garden at Oampden 
 
 House, 20 
 Baltimore, Lord, 38 
 Barclay, Earl of, 37 
 • Bard of Twickenham,' The, 99 
 Barker, Mr.. 35 
 Barleduke, Wine of, 86 
 Bateman, Sir James, 38 
 Beau^lieu, House called, 29 
 Beddington, Gardens of, 15, 88 
 Bedford, Countess of, 17 
 
 House, 39 
 
 Bedfordshire, 40 
 
 BeUucoi, 43, 44 
 
 Blenheim, 24 
 
 Blount, Martha, Letter from Pope. 
 
 ir.88 
 
 Boilean's Epitaph on Racine, 6 
 
 Bolton, Duke of, 16 
 
 Bosoobel Garden, 9 
 
 BoBSuet, 82 
 
 Boucher, 33 
 
 Boughton, 16, 17 
 
 Box-tree Hedge, 20 
 
 Bradford, Earl ef , 33 
 
 Braithwaite, Mr., 18 
 
 Bratby, 48 
 
 Bretby Park, 25 
 
 Brewood, 15 
 
 Bridges, Mr. Paymaster-General, 
 
 41 
 Bridgewater Arohires, 12 
 
 Duke of, SO 
 
 Bristol, Earl of, 90 
 
 Brooke, Lady, Garden at Hackney, 
 
 16 
 
 Lord, 33 
 
 Buckingham, Murder of, 13 
 
 Burges, Wine from, 86 
 
 Burlington Palace, 40 
 
 Bums, on Burial of, ^ 
 
 Bnshey Park, 33 
 
 Byers, Justice, 32 
 
 Byfronts, Mr. Taylor's Garden at. 
 
 Cambridge, 39 
 
 Gardens at, 5 
 
 E. O., 17 
 
 Camelford, Lord, 62 
 
 Lord, Burial-place of, 60 
 
 Campden House, 20 
 Cannons, 16, 41 
 Canterbury, 36 
 Capel, Lord, 35 
 
 Cardigan, Earl of. Seat near Bead- 
 ing, 30 
 Carew, Sir N., Gardens of, 88 
 Carews, Seat of the, 15 
 Oarleton, Lord, Seat of, 31 
 
120 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Oamarron, Earl of. Garden at 
 
 Edger, 16 
 Oarshalton, 37 
 OaBhioberry, 41 
 Oastle GhiTden, 52 
 
 GlamiB, 28 
 
 Howard, 48 
 
 Oatherine Hall, Oambridge, 3 
 Oato, of Utioa, 62 
 Ceres, 99 
 
 Oliampaigne, James, 15 
 Oharles 1., 1 
 
 XI., 1, 37 
 
 Ohasenille, M, de, 75 
 OhatBwortli, 16, 48 
 Chelmsford, 6 
 Chesterfield, Earl of, 16, 48 
 
 Lord, Bnst of, 100 
 
 Chetwynd, Lord, 47 
 
 Chereley, 29 
 
 Chiohester, 37 
 
 Child, Sir Uichard, 29 
 
 OhilwelL Ancieiit Window at, 85 
 
 Ohiswick Gardens, 8 
 
 Oholmondeley, Lord, 47 
 
 Cicero, Quotation from, 67 
 
 Cleveland, Duchess of, 37 
 
 Cobham, Lord, 86 
 
 Colchester, Plan and Gardens of, 6 
 
 Colin, Wine from, 86 
 
 Collinson's Fine Garden, 24 
 
 Colne, River, 15 
 
 Conventual Gardens, 57 
 
 Cork, Lord, 6 
 
 Cottage Gardens, On, 73 
 
 Cotton, Sir Robert, 39 
 
 Covent Garden, 23 
 
 Crab Trees, 20 
 
 Oranbame Lodge, 3D 
 
 Crathes, near Aberdeen, 28 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, Daughter of, 35 
 
 Cross Deep, 98 
 
 CulrosB, 53 
 
 Dale, D., Report on Wine, 86 
 Darnell, Serjeant, Seat of, 31 
 Decker, Sir Matthew, 14, 32 
 Deepdene, 12 
 Deer, Abbey of, 58 
 Denbigh, Earl of, 13 
 Denton Court, 18 
 Devonshire, Duke of, 16 
 Digby, Lord, 90 
 Dodd[, Dr., Burial-place of, 19 
 Doddington, Mr,, 46 
 Donne, Dr., 17 
 
 Dover, Lord, 29 
 
 Drakes, Seat of the, 30 
 
 Dmmlanrig, 49 
 
 Dunbar, Lord, 33 
 
 Dnnkam, Colonel, 32 
 
 Dunkeld, 53 
 
 Sunstabie, Monks of, 53 
 
 Durdans, 37 
 
 Durham, in Glonsestershire, IS 
 
 East Sheen, 32 
 
 Edinburgh, 51 
 
 Edmondsbnry, Monks of, 58 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 1 
 
 Ellis, Mr., 97 
 
 Eltham, Dr. Sherard's Garden at, 
 
 24 
 Ely, Abbot of, and his Gkurden, 58 
 Church of, Garden given to, 
 
 21 
 English Gardens, 28 
 Epicurus and the Athenian Gkir- 
 
 denB,83 
 
 Gardens of, 17 
 
 Epitaph (m 'STmiaC),Sli 
 
 Epsom,^ 
 
 Essex, Earl of, 39 
 
 Enston Hall, 29 
 
 Evelyn's Garden at Deptf ord, 15 
 
 Exeter House, 39 
 
 Exton Hall, near Stratton, 26 
 
 Fajrchild, Mr,, Garden at Hoxton, 
 
 20 
 Falconbridge, Earl of, 35 
 Falkland, Palace of, 53 
 
 Lady, 33 
 
 Sir Thomas, 36 
 
 Falmouth, Lord, 20 
 
 Felton, 13 
 
 Femey, Village of, 75 
 
 Ferrer, Earl, 48 
 
 Fidele's Grave, 67 
 
 Fielding, Mr., House of, 38 
 
 Fig Tree, Ancient, 18 
 
 Fisher, Sir Clement, 47 
 
 Fleohier, 82 
 
 Flushing, near Penryn, 20 
 
 Frankland, Sir Thomas, 48 
 
 Franklin, Dr., Observation on 
 
 Thomas Hollis, 61 
 Franqueville, John de, 15 
 Frederick the Great, 69 
 
 Gabions, near North Mimms, 24 
 Garden Burial, On, 60 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Oardenstone, Lord, on the Village 
 
 of Lawrence Kirk, 76 
 George 1 , 1 
 
 Ilyl 
 
 nf.,1 
 
 Oerrard'B OroBS, 31 
 G-lamis, Palace of, 52 
 Goldsmith's Deswfect FtlZage, 74 
 Gorhambary, 14 
 Grafton, Doke o^ 29, 30 
 Gray, Mr., 18, 74 
 Gray s Inn, 40 
 
 Great Marlboroneh Street, 39 
 Greek Gkirden, Ancient, Descrip- 
 tion of (in- PrencTi), 67' 
 Gnemsey, Onrions Custom of, 66 
 Gniltora, Lord, Seat at Epsooi, 37 
 Gnj'B Olifl, 8 
 
 Haddon Hail, 26 
 HaUifaz, Lord, 33 
 Ham Honse, 15 
 Hamilton, Palace of, 65 
 Hampton Conrt, 4, 8, 31| 
 Handel, 16 
 Harefield, 15 
 Hart, Mosea, 36 
 Hatfield, 14 
 Hatton Garden, 21 
 
 House, near Oalder, 28 
 
 Hawkwood, 16 
 Hedges, Sir Charles, 32 
 Henrietta Maria, Qneen, Portrait 
 
 of, 10 
 Henry U., 21 
 
 VIII., 37 
 
 Herring, Ardibishop, Epitaph on, 6 
 
 Hewitt's Hospital, 51 
 
 Heydegger, Mr., 32 
 
 Heythrop, 25 
 
 Hillingdon, near Uxbridge, 19 
 
 Holbom, Gardens in, 21 
 
 Hollis, Thomas, Benevolence of, 61 
 
 Holm-Lacy, 12 
 
 Honnington Hall, 4 
 
 Honthorst, 10 
 
 Hopton, 55 
 
 Imogen, 67 
 Ingestree Hall, 25 
 iBleworth, 35 
 
 James I., 1, 18 
 
 li, 1 
 
 James I. of Scotland, 21 
 Jonssen, Sir Theodore, 38 
 
 Johnstonn, Secretary, 33 
 
 Kent, Dnke of, 16, 40 
 
 Gkirdens of, 7 
 
 Nathaniel, 22 
 
 Kew Green, 35 
 Kingston, Dncheas of, 26 
 Kneller, Sir Godfrej, 35 
 KnnuersdorS, Battle of, 69 
 
 Lake Honse, near Amesbury, 26 
 Land, Archbishop, 13, 49 
 Lawrence Kirk, Village of, 76 
 Leeds, Dnke of, 38 
 Leeswood, near Mold, 27 
 Lesly, Palace of, 54 
 Lereris, Earl of, 54 
 Lewea, 37 
 
 Lightfoot, John, 2, 3 
 Lincoln's Inn, 40 
 Loader's Garden at Greenwich, 15 
 Lombardy, Country Seats in, 33 - 
 London and Wise, Designers of 
 
 Exton Hall Gardens, 26 
 Lonsleat, 1, 46 
 Lothian, Marquis of, 32 
 London, Field-Marshal, 69 
 
 Msecenaa of England, The, 33 
 Mar, Earl of, 33, 34 
 
 Lord, Gardens at Alloway, 
 
 53 
 Marina, Garden of, 83 
 Mary, Queen of Soots, 51 
 Mascaron, 82 
 
 Mashgate, near Uichmond, 32 
 MaxweU, Earl of Nithadale, 49 
 Mm Hill, Garden at, 24 
 Milton, John, 61 
 MoHnenx, Mr., 35 
 Mompert 8 Pictures, 10 
 Montague, Duke of, 16 
 
 HonBe,40 
 
 Moor Park, 17 
 More's, Sir T., Father, 24 
 Morgan, Hugh, 15 
 Murray, Earl of, 51 
 Musselburgh, 61 
 
 Netoher's Pictures, 10 
 
 Neuville, 82 
 
 New Hall, near Witham, 29 
 
 Park, 16 
 
 Newnham Paddocks, IS 
 Nonsuch, BoyaJ Palace of, 37 
 Norfolk, Duke of, 39 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Northnmberland House, 39 
 Nottingliam, 48 
 
 OrfoTcl, Lady, Garden in Dorset- 
 
 shiie, 17 
 Orleans, Wine from, 86 
 Oxford, Ciardens of, 5, 46 
 Oznead Hall, 1 
 Ozton Honse, Devon, 27 
 
 PaieoUi, 41 
 
 Faroam Doiros, Sir B. Dlxwel's 
 
 Garden at, 36 
 Paris, Wine of, 86 
 Penmnre, Earl of, 51 
 
 Palace of, 52 
 
 Pentre, Pembroke, 27 
 
 Psterborongb, Barl of, 39 
 
 Fetrarcb, 75 
 
 Physio Gardens at Oxford, 19 
 
 Fiotnresqne, Writer on, 1 
 
 Fitfonr, 58 
 
 Piatt, 8ir Hngb, 14 
 
 Pompadonr, Madame de, 24 
 
 Pope, A., Bnst of, 99 
 
 — ^^ Letter to Martha Blonnt, 88 
 
 Pope's Mother, Obelisk to 
 
 her Memory, 101 
 — — Villa at Twickenham, 96 
 Portland, Dnke of, 31 
 Powis Oastle, 27 
 Price, Sir TTTedale, 2 
 — ^ Letter to Mr. Bepton, 27 
 Prior Park, 8 
 PriTj; Gardens, 23 
 Pmning, Improper, 22, 23 
 
 Qneenhithe, Garden opposite, 23 
 Qointinie, Mr., 47 
 
 Badne, Epitaph on, 6 
 
 Baleigh, Sir W., Execntion of, 89 
 
 Garden of, 88 
 
 Wife of, K 
 
 Bepton, Mr., 27 
 XtcWd (Qarriok's), 21 
 Richardson, Samnei, 19 
 Biohmond, 31 
 
 Green, 14, 32 
 
 Boohester, Earl of, 16 
 
 — ^^ Gardens of, 31 
 
 Bosslyn, Abbey of, 53 
 Bonsham, 18 
 Bnbens, Tapestry of, 91 
 Enssell, Lord William, 18 
 
 EnsBia., Empress of, her Garden at 
 Bt. Petersburg, 99 
 
 St. Germaina, Gardens of, 27 
 St. Helen's, Biahopsgate Street, 21 
 St. Just, Curious Garden at, 26 
 Salisbury, 46 
 
 House, 39 
 
 Saresden House, S 
 
 Savoy, The, 39 
 
 Saxe-Gotha, Dnke of, 61 
 
 Scarbrongh, Earl of, 16, 37 
 
 Soawen, Sir W., 37 
 
 Schnykill, Biver, 67 
 
 Scotch Gardens, Aocount of soma, 
 
 28 
 Scott, Sir W., Letter from W. 
 
 Withers, 78 
 Soudamore, Viscount, 13 
 Seaton, 50 
 Shakespeare, W., Attachment to 
 
 Botany, 22 
 
 Quotation from, 96 
 
 Sherard, Dr., 24 
 Sherborn, 46 
 
 Sherborne, Account of, 88 
 Shirley, Hon. Mr., 98 
 Sion House, 14 
 Skipworth, Thomas, 34 
 Somerset, Dnke of, 14 
 
 House, 39 
 
 Stainborough Honse, 8 
 Stanhope, Sir William, 97 
 
 Bust of, 100 
 
 Bnst of his Daughter, 100 
 
 Stanstead, 16, 17 
 
 Stanton Harold, 48 
 
 Sterne, 75 
 
 Stowe, Gardens at, 8 
 
 Strafford, Earl of, 33, 34 
 
 Strand Gardens, 23 
 
 Stratton, 18 
 
 Stnkeley, William, Portrait of, 10 
 
 Sunderland, Barl of, 16 
 
 Sutton Oourt, 35 
 
 Swiff s Lord CorJi, 6 
 
 Switzer, Designer of Leeswood 
 
 Garden, 27 
 Sydney, Sir Philip, Portrait of, 9 
 
 Tallard, Marshal, 48 
 Garden at Notting- 
 ham, 3 
 Temple, Sir William, 17, 32 
 Terragle, 49 
 Theobald's Garden, 11 
 
INDEX. 
 
 183 
 
 Theobald's Park, 24 
 Theophrastns, 64 
 Thoresby Park, 26 
 ThiasybiUnB, 83 
 Thnrlow, Lord, 62 
 Thntteby, 48 
 Tooke, Hoine, 62, 63 
 Tindescant, Portrait of, 10 
 Traqoair, Ilarl of, 49 
 
 PaJaoe of, 49 
 
 Trov House, near MonmoTith, 25 
 
 Ttmbridge Wells, 36 
 
 Tnmer, Dr., Garden at Wells, 14 
 
 Tweed^le, Marquis of, 50 
 
 Twickenham, 33 
 
 Tyrtaine, 64 
 
 rbom, 30 
 
 Vaoxhall, Gardens at, 8 
 ' yUlianis, Lord, of Tame, 86 
 YiUiera, Seat of the, 36 
 Vine, Onltlvation of the, 85 
 
 in EngUmd, 83 
 
 Toltaire, 75 
 
 Wales, Curions Custom of, 66 
 
 Walpole, Horace, 2 
 
 Wanstead, 29 
 
 Ward, Mr., 38 
 
 Ware Park, 12 
 
 Warton, Dr. Thomas, 5 
 
 Watson, Dr. , Bishop of LlandafF, 74 
 
 Weeping Willow, Celebrated, 99 
 
 Westerham, Garden at, 11 
 
 West Wroomba, 8 
 Whitehall, 39 
 Whitton, 8 
 Wiokart, Dr., 18 
 WUllam in., 1 
 Wilson, the Ornithologist, 67 
 Wilton Gardens, 7, 8 
 Wimbledon, 38 
 Winchenden, 30 
 Winchester, 45 
 
 Garden near, 18 
 
 Windsor, Fair at, in Henry V.'s 
 
 reign, 21 
 Wines, On, 85, 86, 87 
 Winton, 51 
 
 - £ord, 51 
 
 Witham, General, 36 
 
 Withers, W. , Letter to Sir W. Scott, 
 
 78 
 Woodhonselee, near Boslin, 28 
 Wootton, 3 
 Worcester Honse, 39 
 Worlidge, On the Attachment for 
 
 Gktrdens, 73 
 Wotton, Sir H., 12 
 Wresehill Castle, 21 
 Wrest, 16 
 
 Tester, SO 
 
 Tew Tree, The, 19 
 
 Trees of Hillingdon, 19 
 
 Tork Honse, 39 
 Tonng, 3 
 
 Zncchero, 9