CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 COLLECTION 
 
 CHINA AND THE CHINESE 
 
 THE G[FT OF 
 
 CHARLES WILLrAM WASON 
 
 CLASS OF 1876 
 
 1918 
 
Cornell University Library 
 
 3 1924 023 922 010 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023922010 
 
REPORTS 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 FOREIGN COMMISSIONERS 
 
 THE VABIOtrS POETS 
 
 CHINA 
 
 THE YEAR 1865. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 
 
 April 1867. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY HARRISON AND SONS. 
 
 1867. 
 
Reports from the Foreign Commissioners at the 
 various Ports in CMna far the Tear 1865, 
 
 •Extrttct fmm the Inspectm-i'GenerdVs Despatch No. 133, 'fo the 
 Tsung-le Yarrien. 
 
 [' ipWHENifirst appointed in .1861 ito, officiate conjointly with Mr. Fitz.Rqy 
 as Inspector-General, only three offices of Customs had been placed under 
 the supervision of .Commissioners. Since that time Commissioners have 
 Ikeen {ippointed to all tbe Treaty .Ports, -with the €xcei)tion of Keung-cbow 
 and Nanking, and, in connection with the Inspectorate, there are now 
 fourteen establishments, in .each of which the transaction of business 
 becomes easier daily. 
 
 As Commissioners and Clerics, some 00 dndividiials are now in the 
 service, and as .Tide Surveyors and Tide-waiters, about 300. Among 
 these are to be .found Engli-shmen, Ifrenohmen, Americans, German^;, 
 Danes, Belgians, Spaniards, and Portuguese, and, in the appointments that 
 areimadejfit.is to the character of .the man, and his qualifications for the 
 piQst, rather than tohie nationality, that attention is paid. There are also 
 nearly 1,000 Chinese employed in various capacities,as linguists, accountants, 
 copyists,, examiners, watchers, and boatmen, i Of the foreigners, there are 
 some fifty who are more or less acquainted with Chinese, both written and 
 spokenj and amongst the Chinese, there are more than fifty who.have a 
 fair knowledge, of .English. 
 
 In 1.861 I presented to the Yamen a Memorandum, subsequently 
 embodied in ra Memorial .to .the Throne, in which were given, in round 
 numbers, estimates of the amounts likely to be collected at the several 
 ports,: as revenue on foreign trade. In accordance with the instructions 
 thereon issued, Quarterly Reports have since then been regularly for- 
 warded tO'the Yam en, and .the Board of Revenue. 
 
 sl now inclose, for the information of the Yamen, Comparative Tables, 
 so (drawn up as to exhibit the amounts that have b^ien collected, and the 
 fluctuations in the revenue, during the five years that have gone by. These 
 Tables comprise the Quarters 1 to 19, i.e., the periods commencing on the 
 1st October, 1860, and ending the 30th June, 1865, 
 
 As [regards Import duties, it was during the second year (ending 30th 
 June, 1862) .that the largest collection took place. .Exclusive of duties on 
 opium, the amount collected during that year was about 2,000,000 taels. 
 During the fifth year (ending the 30th June, 1865), the collection was 
 only 880^000 taels. 
 
 Amongst the causes to which so very perceptible a falling off is to he 
 
 attributed, attention is to be directed to the American troubles, which, 
 
 by withdrawing from British manufacturers the usual supply of cotton, 
 
 have, in consequence, exercised a prejudicial influence on the revenues 
 
 [167] B 2 
 
2 CHINA. 
 
 of China. These troubles are, however, now over, and China herself 
 gains in tranquillity every day. An increase in the import duties may 
 according be confidently expected. Shanghae has always been the largest 
 collector., 
 
 As regards opium, the revenue accruing therefrom has increased yearly. 
 The collection for the fifth year amounted to almost 1,700,000 taels. In 
 
 the event of the suggestions that have been made in respect of , 
 
 being acted upon, the opium revenue will probably exceed 2,000,000 taels 
 n-year. Shanghae is the largest collector. 
 
 As i-egards export duties, the largest collection occurred during the 
 fourth year (ending 30th June, 1864), when the amount collected was 
 4,550,000 taels. During the fifth year the collection was 4,420,000 taels. 
 The annual collections for the future are more likely to exceed than to 
 fall short of these suras. Foo-chow and Han-kow have been the largest 
 collectors. 
 
 As regards tonnage dues, the fourth year yielded the largest amount. 
 During it the collection was 301,000 taels. During the fifth year the 
 amount collected was 284,000 taels. The annual collections was not 
 likely to fall short of these sums in future. Shanghae is the largest 
 collector. 
 
 The coast trade duty has increased yearly. During the fifth year the 
 collection amounted to about 500,000 taels, and in future it may be 
 expected to continue to increase. Shanghae is the largest collector. 
 
 As regards revenue accruing on native craft coming under the super- 
 vision of the Commissioners, I need merely say that, during the fifth year, 
 the collection was only 22,000 taels. Should, however, the revenue to be 
 collected from ships of foreign build, owned by native merchants, come to 
 be reported undev this heading, a very marked increase may be looked for 
 annually. 
 
 If the largest collections that have taken place under each heading, 
 during any of the five years referred to, were placed together, and regarded 
 as representing the amount at which the annual revenue accruing from 
 foreign trade may be estimated, the result would give a total of more than 
 9,000,000 taels per annum. 
 
 The import duties, opium included, during the period in question, 
 amounted to about 12,000,000 taels, and the export duties to about 
 18,000,000 taels. These amounts may be looked upon as representing 
 5 per cent, of the value of the merchandize imported and exported. The 
 imports, therefore, may be said to have been of the value of 240,000,000 
 taels (80,000,000^.), and the exports of the value of 360,000,000 taels 
 (120,000,000^.) 
 
 The balance of trade has thus been in favour of China, her exports 
 having exceeded her imports in value by about 120,000,000 taels 
 (40,000,000?.) The revenue of all kinds accruing to the Chinese Govern- 
 ment on foreign trade at the Treaty ports has, for the same period, 
 amounted in all to about 32,650,000 taels. 
 
 Foreign merchants come to China to trade because it pays them to do 
 so. The figures just given will make it patent to any one that the 
 Chinese — merchants, people, and Government — are not without their 
 share in the advantages springing from commercial intercourse. 
 
 (Signed) ROBERT HART, 
 
 Inspector- General of Customs. 
 
 Peking, January 24, 1SG6. 
 
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10 . CHINA. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Newchwang for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Ying-tzu, January 31, 1866. 
 
 The port on the Sua-muren, at which foreigners reside, in front of 
 which foreign vessels anchor, and which has taken the place of the 
 New-chwang, stipulated for as an open port in the British Treaty of 
 Tien-tsin, is known as Ying-tzu. The. Province of Manchuria, in which it 
 is situated, is ordinarily marked on maps as Liao-tung, but should more 
 correctly be termed Fing-tien. 
 
 Ying-tzu is distant eighteen miles from the bar at the mouth of the 
 Sua-muren. It commenced to assume commercial importance thirty years 
 ago. It then took the place of Tien-chuang-tai, a port on the same river 
 some forty miles higher up. At ah earlier date, in the time of Kien-lung, 
 Tien-chuang-tai had in a liKe way taken the place of New-chwang. This 
 change was necessitated by the gradual shallowing of the river. New- 
 chwang is situated on a small branch of the principal eastern afBuent of 
 the Sua-muren, and is by water distant eighty miles from this town. It is 
 now only accessible to the smallest boats. The Sua-muren is navigable 
 for flat-bottomed river craft of no great size nearly to the confines of 
 Mongolia, but foreign vessels certainly could not proceed beyond Tien- 
 chuang-tai. 
 
 Those to whom fuller details as to the character of Ying-tzu and the 
 surrounding country would be of interest, should consult Mr. Meadows' 
 invaluable Memorandum on the Consular District of New-chwang. 
 
 Ying-tzu is closed by ice during four months and a-half — from the 
 middle of November to the end of March. In 1862 the first vessel arrived 
 in port on the 29th of March, and the last vessel cleared on the 18th of 
 November; in 1863 the first vessel arrived on the 22nd March, but was 
 much damaged by the floating ice, and the last vessel cleared on the 15th 
 of November ; in 1864 the first vessel arrived on the 2nd of April, and 
 the last vessel cleared on the 10th of November ; in 1865 the first vessel 
 arrived on the 30th of March, and the last vessel which entered the 
 port cleared on the 21st of November. A steamer which was permitted 
 to discharge its cargo outside the bar, cleared on the 24th November. It 
 seems to me that vessels cannot remain here with certain safety after the 
 10th of November. Last year the 13th of November was little more 
 than a pleasant cold autumn day. But in the evening about 9 o'clock the 
 ice swept down ; some junks and pilot-boats were crushed to pieces ; the 
 four foreign vessels which were in harbour were forced to slip their 
 cables, and to float away with the current, and two of them eventually 
 grounded, and narrowly escaped being wrecked. 
 
 Ying-tzu was opened to foreigners by the arrival of Her Britannic 
 Majesty's Consul in May 1861. During that year 33 vessels, of an esti- 
 mated tonnage of 11,346 tons, entered the port. The revenue of the 
 Maritime Customs, or oflSce which collected duties .from foreign vessels, 
 for the year was 2,291 taels 2 mace 4 candarines. Before the season of 
 1862 commenced, the prohibition of the exportation of pulse and pulse 
 cake, in foreign vessels, was rescinded. Accordingly, the number of 
 foreign vessels which arrived increased to 86, of an estimated tonnage of 
 27,747 tons : the revenue of Maritime Customs for the year was 33,336 
 taels. In 1863, 201 vessels, of an estimated tonnage of 61,156 tons, 
 arrived : the revenue of the Maritime Customs for the same year was 
 89,785 taels 7 candarines 9 cash. In 1864, 302 vessels, of an estimated 
 tonnage of 88,281 tons, arrived: the revenue of the Maritime Customs 
 for the same years was 123,487 taels 6 candarines. 
 
HEWCHWANG. 11 
 
 The Maritime Customs was placed under an officer of the Foreign; 
 Inspectorate on the 9th of May, 1864. In 1865, 274 vessels, of 91,118 
 tons, arrived, and the revenue of the Maritime Customs advanced to 
 167,064 taels 2 mace 4 candarines 8 cash. 
 
 During the first four years the larger portion of the shipping belonged 
 to the North German and Baltic ports ; the general economy with which 
 these vessels are worked enabling them to carry cargo at low rates, of 
 freight. But in 1865 the case was altered. In 1864 the tonnage of 
 British shipping was little more than a fourth of the total. In 1865 it 
 was almost half. This sudden increase is to be attributed to the dulness 
 of trade on the coast, forcing British ships to accept any terms which 
 might be offered to them, and thus placing them on the same footing as 
 Continental vessels. 
 
 The increase in the foreign tonnage was, of course, not without its 
 influence on native shipping. A few years ago over 3,000 sea-going 
 junks arrived annually ; last year barely 1,300 entered the port. It will 
 be observed, that whilst the tonnage of 1 865 is not one-half greater than 
 that of 1863, the revenue is almost twice as large. 
 
 In stating the tonnage of 1861-62-63-64, I have employed the word 
 " estimated," as the figures for the first three years have been entirely, 
 and for the fourth year partially, procured from the old Native Oflice. I 
 is impossible for me, therefore, to guarantee their accuracy. The yearly 
 account of the revenue has been derived from the official Reports sent to 
 Peking. 
 
 The import and export trade , under foreign flags at this port is 
 conducted by four foreign firms, and by some ten large Canton, Swatow, 
 and Chin-chew hongs. Since 1861 two agencies of lai'ge British firms 
 have been withdrawn, and one independent commission-house has been 
 closed. Of the existing firms two are British, one is Amei;ican, and one 
 is German. 
 
 The , business done by the foreign merchants is, however, in no way 
 in proportion to their number. Of the 274 vessels which arrived here in 
 1865, only 37 were consigned to, or loaded by, foreigners. During the 
 past season the Chinese interested in the trade of this port are supposed 
 to have expended 400,000 taels in the chartering of foreign vessels : 338,300 
 piece of pulse-cake were exported by foreign merchants, and 1,449,671 
 pieces by Chinese : 19,650 piculs of pulse were exported by foreign mer- 
 chants, and 881,670 piculs by Chinese. 
 
 With imports the case is similar: 80 piculs of opium were imported, by 
 foreigners, and 1,442 piculs by Chinese : 11,650 pieces of shirtings and 
 T-cloths were imported by foreign merchants, and 38,086 by Chinese. 
 But perhaps the best way of showing how entirely the business of the 
 port is engrossed by the native traders will be to state that of the 167,000 
 taels received in revenue during 1865, only 10,000 taels were paid by 
 foreigners. 
 
 The extraordinary superior position thus occupied by the Chinese 
 would seem to be owing to their being natives of the districts, in which, 
 under ordinary circumstances, the principal products»that quit Ying-tzu are 
 chiefly consumed ; to their all being connected with firms which have been 
 established in the neighbourhood of these districts, and have associated 
 with and gained the confidence of the retailers, years .before. foreigners 
 attempted to engage in the trade ; to many of them having been in the 
 same way established here, and to there having gained here aname for 
 wealth and integrity, to the actual possession of, if not a large capital, at 
 east large available means ; and to their long residence and their reputa- 
 [167] c 
 
12 OHIHit.* 
 
 tion, enabling them to, when necessary, purchase to no inconsiderable 
 degree on credit. This ability 1o purchase on credit is of enormous 
 benefit to them. For money, always scarce here, is sometimes so scarce, 
 that the best letters of credit becom* useless. And when money is so 
 scai'ce, imports and produce are of course depreciated in value. 
 
 But whilst the foreign merchant who is desirous of availing himself 
 extensively of the low price of the latter, is compelled to dispose of thei 
 former at a proportionately low price, the Chinese, who is known as a 
 great importer of opium, of piece goods, and of sugar, — who in past years 
 has owed and paid bis 60,000 or 70,000 tael's, and whose promissory notes 
 will in consequence not be rejected by the Moukden banks, which in 
 many instances have a lien on the prodaee — can easily obtain six weeks' or 
 two months' credit. 
 
 The disadvantages of a later participation in the ti-ade and of a smaller 
 -capital, would, however, be counteracted by time, and by the older foreign 
 firms in the south taking a little more interest in th* northern business, 
 and thus enabling their countrymen to enter into larger undertakings than 
 they have yet ventured on. But the causes which at most of the second- 
 class ports are quickly drawing the coast trade in both native and foreign 
 goods from the foreigner to the Chinese would have still to be over- 
 come. 
 
 When the working expenses of the native merchant and of the foreign 
 merchant are more equalized — when the foreign merchant no longer deems 
 it right to entrust his reputation and his. fortune to a man of alien and 
 supposed inferior race, to whom he is compelled to confide his most secret 
 and most important plans, but with whom he can hardly converse intelligibly 
 — who is daily tempted to engage in transactions which either directly or 
 indirectly must be prejudicial to the interests he professes to serve — who 
 is urged to abstain from doing so by no feelings of honour, of gratitude, 
 or of svmpathy, and who accordingly is often enriched while his employer 
 is ruined, — then, and not till then, will the substitution now so rapidly 
 taking place be arrested. 
 
 Were the foreign merchants at the smaller ports to acquire a knowledge 
 of Sycee — ^not a harder task than the study of tea and of silk ; were they 
 to conquer the trifling acquaintance with the written and spoken language 
 of Cliina, which would be amply sufficient for all their wants ; were they to 
 dispense with the costly services of the compradore, and of the shroff, and 
 their several staffs ; and were they to arrange with their own tongue, and 
 to read with their own eyes, their contracts of purchase and of sale, — a 
 considerable reduction of expenditure would be effected, their gains would 
 be infinitely augmented, they would have more faith in the natives, and 
 the natives would be less distrustful of them. Now they may be scrupu- 
 lously honourable, and yet be justly be accused of faithlessness. They 
 may sell on most profitable terms, and yet submit to a loss. This, I am 
 aware, is no new discovery, but the subject well merits repeated discus- 
 .sion. 
 
 One foreign merchant here has resorted to a plan, which is perhaps 
 the best that circumstances admit of, and which is not, I think, very 
 generally adopted. He has had drawn up and addressed to the various 
 warehouses and shops, a circular, explaining that all business agreements 
 must be written in English, and signed by himself ; and defining so care- 
 fully the functions of his compradore, that any independent speculations 
 on the part of the latter are rendered impossible. 
 
 The absence of Returns of the import and export trade under foreign 
 flags before the 9th of May, 1864, at which date the 1864 season had 
 
NEWCHWANG. 13 
 
 already commenced over a month, 50 vessels having arrived since the 1st 
 of April, renders any elaborate comparisons of the trades of the various 
 years impracticable. 
 
 The export trade of Ying-tzu may be said to consist of pulse, of 
 pulse-cake, and of pulse-oil. Pulse is chiefly converted into the bean- 
 curd, which is so popular an article of food amongst the natives of 
 Kwang-tung and Foh-kien. Pulse-cake is sometimes used as food for 
 cattle, but is usually employed as manure, more especially in the sugar 
 districts of those same Provinces. Pulse-oil is used in the Central and 
 Southern seaboard Provinces in the preparation of food. 
 
 The value of the export trade in 1865 was 2,167,314 taels. Of this 
 sum, 1,957,395 taels were represented by pulse and its manufactures. 
 The value of the export trade during the six months and few days of 
 1864, for which trustworthy Returns were published, was 1,710,398 taels. 
 Of this sum, 1,499,737 taels were represented by pulse and its manufac- 
 tures. The past year was unquestionably distinguished by an increase in 
 the exportation of pulse. This increase is priucipally owing to the large 
 quantities dispatched to Shanghae. The quantity dispatched during the 
 past year exceeded the quantity dispatched durinsj the six months of 1864 
 by 100,000 piculs, a circumstance which, in conjunction with the fact that 
 34,758 piculs of rice were also sent to Shanghae, whilst only 3,780 piculs 
 were forwarded there during the preceding year, would seem to betoken a 
 deficiency in the supply of grain from other quarters, that reached that 
 port. 
 
 One significant feature in a comparison of the export of pulse for the 
 two years is, that in 1864, 350,398 piculs were sent to Hong Kong, and 
 only 20,774 to Canton; and that in 1865, 206,639 piculs were sent to 
 Canton, and only 202,826 piculs to Hong Kong. The same feature, but 
 to a much smaller extent, characterizes the export of pulse-cake. In 
 
 1864, 7,000 pieces were sent to Hong Kong, and none to Canton. In 
 
 1865, 7,620 pieces were sent to Canton, and none to Hong Kong. The 
 export of pulse-cake in 1865 was greatly in excess of the export during 
 the preceding year, an excess which was also owing to the exi raordinary 
 quantity sent to Shanghae. During the 1865 season, 750,300 pieces 
 were dispatched to that port, against 194,100 pieces during the six months 
 of 1864. 
 
 This large demand is to be attributed to the necessity of employing a 
 strong forcing manure experienced by the cultivators of the lands which 
 had been ravaged by the rebels, and had remained imtilled three or four 
 years. But about July the heavy rains arrested the reclaiming of the 
 soil, whilst the Proclamation of the Acting Governor possibly impeded 
 the disposal of cargo brought in foreign vessels. Accordingly, some ships 
 which loaded here for Shanghae, were, on arrival at their destination, 
 ordered to proceed without delay to Amoy or Swatow, and part of the 
 pulse already discharged was also re-shipped to these two ports. Had 
 such not been the case, the supply in the sugar districts must have been 
 short. During the six months of 1864, Amoy toak 339,108 pieces, and 
 Swatow 791,747 pieces. During the entire season of 1865, Amoy took 
 only 211,076 pieces, and Swatow only 762,525 pieces. 
 
 The export of pulse-oil is distinguished by a decrease, arising appa- 
 rently from a diminished demand at Shanghae. During the six months 
 of 1864, 5,118 piculs were sent to Shanghae, whilst in 1865 only 2,813 
 piculs were shipped there. I am unable to explain the origin of this 
 decrease. In 1864, 1,177 piculs were dispatched to Hong Kong, and none 
 to Canton. In 1865, 850 piculs werese.it to Canton, and only 566 piculs 
 to Hong Kong. A large proportion of the oil which quits Ying-tzu is 
 
 c 2 
 
14 CHINA. 
 
 still forwarded in junks. Oil which arrives here from the interior is 
 packed in thick and strong wooden boxes, the use of which is rendered 
 necessary by the liability to accident that attends transports in waggons, 
 on an ill-made road. But owing to the greater security which such a 
 commodity as oil enjoys in the hold of a vessel, and to the increase of 
 freight resulting from the heavy and cumbrous character of the boxes, it 
 is found unprofitable to employ them on board ship, and they are conse- 
 quently exchanged for large baskets witli paper linings. These baskets 
 must, of course, be handled with much caution ; each contains from 4 to 8 
 piculs ; the slightest crack involves a loss of from 30 to 60 taels ; and 
 the fact that they are dealt with more carefully on board of junks than on 
 board of foreign vessels, neutralizes the other numerous advantages of the 
 latter. 
 
 It may not be uninteresting to point out, that during the past year 
 2,400 piculs of pulse were shipped to Japan. The pulse crop there is 
 stated to have been deficient. 
 
 Of cotton, of which 4,573 piculs were sent away during the six 
 months of 1864, only 309 piculs were shipped during the past year. 
 And as these 309 piculs were dispatched to Swatow and to Amoy, it would 
 seem that they were intended to be employed in native manufactures. In 
 1864 the great bulk went to Hong Kong. 
 
 The export of rice has largely increased. The 5,790 piculs which 
 were exported during the six months of 1864 grew to 37,728 piculs in 
 the 1865 season. Of the latter quantity, as we have seen, the great 
 proportion was destined for Shanghae. 
 
 It is both useless and impossible to inquire into the increased or 
 decreased exportation of miscellaneous articles of minor importance. It 
 is certain that, on the whole, the export trade has showed an advance as 
 compared with preceding years. 
 
 Of the pulse which reaches Ying-tzu not more than two-tenths are 
 produced in the plain through which the Sau-muren, sweeping down 
 towards the south-west, flows into the Gulf of Liao-tung. The remaining 
 eight-tenths ai"e grown in the region which is known to the natives 
 as that beyond the barrier. It is the colonized portion of South- 
 Eastern Mongolia, and lies along the north of the palisade, marked in 
 many maps of the Empire as running from the Great Wall to the 
 Songari. 
 
 A small quantity of the pulse-oil which quits this port is manufac- 
 tured in the same region and at Moukden. 
 
 The pulse-cake manufactured there is employed on the spot as food for 
 cattle. The pulse-cake which leaves Tien-chuang-tai in junks, and Ying- 
 tzu in foreign vessels and jimks, is manufactured at these two marts. It 
 is considered injudicious to have large quantities on hand, and the manu- 
 facture is so carried on that the current stock rarely exceeds 90,000 pieces. 
 Neither the foreign or native exporting firms attempt to buy pulse in 
 the interior. They are deterred from doing so by their inability to enter 
 into the necessary transactions on as favourable terms as those who have 
 been engaged in the business for years. Of the pulse which arrives at 
 Ying-tzu from the tract beyond the palisade, about one-fourth is for- 
 warded to the port direct. The other three-fourths pass by way of 
 Moukden. 
 
 In ail the large hamlets scattered through those fertile fields are 
 
 dealers, or middlemen, who purchase in the autumn the crops of the 
 
 neighbouring landowners and farmers. The petty tillers of the soil are 
 
 naid at once, but the more wealthy proprietors always allow not far from 
 
 year's credit. They are never paid until the first day of the sixth moon 
 
NBWC HWANG. 15 
 
 of the following year, which usually falls in July. When frost has 
 sufficiently hardened the roads, the pulse is conveyed in waggons to Ying- 
 tzu, and to Moukden. These waggons travel at the rate of from fifteen 
 to twenty miles a-day, and the remotest producing districts are not more 
 than 600 miles distant from this port. The dealer himself does not 
 accompany the produce, but consigns it to one of those vast yards or 
 warehouses, which, with their long trains of heavily-laden carts constantly 
 pouring in, their numberless stacks of peas, and piles of oil-boxes, form, 
 from December to March, the most striking feature of the town. The 
 dealer arrives towards the close of the winter. When the season com- 
 mences he soon disposes of his pulse, as the necessity of a speedy return 
 forces him to be content with a proportionate profit, and as produce 
 brought to Ying-tzu direct can be sold for a slightly lower price than that 
 which has passed through Moukden. With the greater part of the pro- 
 ceeds he buys foreign piece goods, &c., opium, and miscellaneous Chinese 
 products. The balance he takes home in specie. About May the rains 
 and the melting of the snow have somewhat increased the volume of the 
 river, and he is easily able to transmit his purchases in boats nearly up to 
 the palisade. Thence, though the roads are impassable for coarse and 
 bulky commodities, the wares with which he ordinarily returns, owing to 
 their comparatively portable character, can, without much difficulty, be 
 conveyed in waggons to their destination. He then pays what he owes, 
 and is ready to engage in fresh enterprises. 
 
 There are in all eighteen great yards in Ying-tzu, four of which confine 
 themselves to storing pulse, while the remaining fourteen both store pulse, 
 and manufacture pulse-cake and pulse-oil. There are also eleven very 
 inferior yards of the latter class. 
 
 At the eastern extremity of the town is a vacant piece of ground, about 
 100 yards square, which, during the winter months, is daily, from sunrise 
 till 10 o'clock, thickly covered with carts. At 10 the number begins to 
 diminish, and at noon but few are left. At a little distance is a large mud 
 hut, bearing on the walls, in Chinese characters, the words " Grain 
 Exchange Office." The vacant space of ground is the Grain Exchange. 
 To it resort the smaller cultivators of the adjacent lands — those who reside 
 so close to Ying-tzu as to be enabled to bring their produce for sale, and to, 
 if unsuccessful, take it back home in one day. Clerks attached to the 
 various yards visit the Exchange, and effect certain purchases each morn- 
 ing. Owing to the trifling cost of transport, the prices are always compa- 
 ratively low. 
 
 ' The few wealthier proprietors of the neighbourhood are themselves 
 interested in the business of the large yards, and to them, therefore, they 
 naturally entrust their crops. Yet the capital of even the largest yards is 
 inconsiderable, and with the exception of the petty transactions negotiated 
 on the Exchange, they seldom buy to any extent produce which arrives 
 here direct. They act simply as warehousemen and agents for the dealers. 
 When' desirous of entering into a speculation, they are compelled to have 
 recourse to the Shansi banks of Moukden, and the Moukden banks inva- 
 riably refuse assistance unless the pulse is purchased through the Moukden. 
 yards. 
 
 The produce of the more distant parts of that outer portion of the 
 Sua-muren plain, which extends from King-chow on the north-west, to 
 Kai-chow on the south, and into the interior more than half-way to 
 Moukden, is in the hands of the dealers of the former two cities of Tien- 
 chuang-tai and of Sin-min-tun. Kai-chow and King-chow, however, are 
 not depots. The crops, when collected, are as soon as possible forwarded 
 to Ying-tzu. 
 
J.6 CHINA. 
 
 Tien-chuang-tai and Sin-min-tun, on the other hand, have become 
 important depots, but they owe this advantage solely to their position : 
 one lies on the bank of the Sua-muren ; the other is but five miles from 
 the bank of the Sua-muren, and is on the high road from Peking to 
 Moukden. 
 
 The Itttle surplus of the comparatively sterile south part of the pro- 
 vince is shipped from the ports at the head of the Yellow Sea. It is taken 
 by the growers to the port of shipments. 
 
 There are about fifty large yards at Moukden, for there the presence 
 of the Sliansi bankers facilitates and fosters speculation. Their aid 
 enables the owners of yards to purchase to a larger extent than is in the 
 power of similar establishments at Ying-tzu, and the fact of produce being 
 thus disposed of more readily, induces the dealers to resort to Moukden in 
 preference to the latter town. From Moukden, as from Ying-tzu, the 
 dealer returns with foreign manufactures, &c., opium, miscellaneous articles, 
 and a certain amount of Sycee. As in the case of Ying-tzu, the produce 
 of the fields, within perhaps a circuit of ten miles adjacent to Moukden, is 
 forwarded to that city by the growers, without the intervention of middle- 
 men. Beyond this limit the produce of the inner portion of the plain is 
 collected by country dealers, who resort to Moukden. About the middle 
 of February pulse ceases to arrive at Ying-tzu direct from the producing 
 districts. After that date, until the river opens, it is sent from Moukden. 
 It has either been purchased there by the Ying-tzu yards, to which tlie Shansi 
 banks are always willing to transfer the advances made to tlie Moukden 
 yards, or it is forwarded by the latter on speculation. In the meantime, in 
 order to lighten, as much as possible, the difficulty of transport after the 
 disappearance of frost and the early rains have converted the roads into 
 almost pathless marshes, large quantities of pulse are being accumulated at 
 Sin-min-tun and at Tien-chuang-tai. From April to November the stocks 
 at Ying-tzu are maintained by supplies sent in boats from Tien-chuang- 
 tai. Junks also sometimes load there for Shanghae, Che-foo, and Tien- 
 tsin. The stocks at Tien-chuang-tai are replenished from Sin-min-tun, 
 those of Sin-min-tun from Moukden, and those at Moukden from the 
 depot at Fa-ku-men. Fa-ku-men is a town situated on the palisade north 
 of Moukden. 
 
 Well placed as Sin-min-tun unquestionably is, it seems strange .that it 
 should occupy so important a position in the chain of depots. One of the 
 large hamlets that borden the Moukden affluent, between that city and its 
 junction with the Sua-muren, would, to all appearance, be more conve- 
 niently situated ; but the depth of the stream cannot, I believe, be uniformly 
 relied on. 
 
 The yards at Fa-ku-men, at Sin-min-tun, and at Tien-chuang-tai, are 
 practically mere agencies of the Moukden yards. Over three-fourths of 
 the value of the pulse return to Moukden in the shape of imports, some 
 of which are forwarded during the season in boats, or, when practicable, 
 by land transport, and some at the commencement of the ensuing winter. 
 
 It would seem, therefore, that in the case of nineteen-twentieths of the 
 pulse which leaves Ying-tzu, either as pulse or as pulse cake, or as pulse 
 oil, the country dealer, and one, or in most instances two distinct yards, 
 separate the exporter from the producer. But this is not all ; for at Ying- 
 tzu not a pecul of pulse or a piece of pulse cake can be purchased without 
 the intervention of a broker. Of these brokers there are two classes. 
 There is the common street broker, who, day after day, wanders through 
 the various hongs, inquiiing who wishes to buy and who wishes to sell; 
 and there are also biokers of a higher class, who possess regular offices, 
 and are sometimes allowed by the yards to guarantee the purchasers* 
 
NEWCBW4.NG. If 
 
 integrity. Yet, if tlie exporter attempted to approacTi nearer to the pro- 
 ducer he would find liimself opposed by apparently insiirmoimtable obstacles. 
 He would have to corapete with local firms, which have existed since the 
 •days of Kieii-lung, who have gained the entire confidence of the inhabit- 
 ants, which have been perfected by a long experience in the most efficient 
 and economical modes of collecting and conveying produce, and which at 
 the present moment almost monopolize every facility for transport. At 
 each step he would be thwarted by their intrigues, and, most important of 
 all, he, a strange foreigner, or an equally strange native of Swatow or of 
 Chin-chewi, would be refused the prolonged credit that would be accorded 
 to his rivals. Of the puJse shipped from Ying-tzu during the past year in 
 a manufactured and unmanufactured state, it may be esnmated that tie 
 raw article to the value of 1,600,000 taels passed through the hands of 
 the country dealers. Of this sum a third must be deducted on acconnt of 
 profit, of transit expenses, and of a small inland due levied at the different 
 gates of the palisade on the produce of the outer region. There will thus 
 remain 1,070,000 taels. From these 1,070,000 taels we may subtract 
 170,000 taels to represent the proportion purchased from the smaller culti- 
 vators, and paid for in cash. A year's or eleven months' interest on the 
 Ijalance of 900,000 taels will indicate the extent of one of the disadvan- 
 tages under which the exporter would labour in a struggle with the existing 
 class of middlemen. Doubtless, as time passed on, promptitude in payment 
 and honesty would lead to their ordinary results, and the difficulties to be 
 encountered would gradually diminish. But merchants are rarely willing 
 to impede their own advancement for the benefit of future generations ;; 
 and though a few junks still load at Tien-chuang-t'ai, tiius saving the cost 
 of transport to Ying-lzu, shippers in foreign vessels would seek in vain a 
 reduction in cost by effecting their purchases either there or at Moukden,. 
 OT at one of the other depfits. The owners of the various yards too 
 thoroughly realize the advantages they reap under the present system, and 
 are too closely associated to permit of such a result. Even a large 
 southern exporting fii-m, wliicli finds it profitable to have an agency at 
 Moiikden for the sale of opium, never purchases produce in that city. 
 The opium is paid for either by cheques that can be made use of at Ying- 
 lzu, or by orders for the delivery of pulse on the Ying-tzu yards. The 
 native exporting firms might, of course, treat successfally on the Ying-tzu 
 exchange for the little produce of the adjacent fields; but they are dis- 
 suaded from doing so by the insignificance of the quantity, by the dread of 
 imposition, and by the well-founded apprehension that the large yai'ds 
 "would punish such independent attempts by withholding facilities that had 
 formerly been granted. 
 
 Considering, then, how entirely exporters are debaired from coming in 
 •contact with the producers, it appears strange that evan more exorbitant 
 prices than have yet been asked have not been demanded. That this has 
 not been the case has been owing to the fact that experience has shown 
 that great risk attends the shipment of pulse and its manufacture to the 
 south after a certain limit has been exceeded, and that sales in the con- 
 suming provinces become simply impossible after a higher price has been 
 attained. Purchases therefore cease, and a cessation of purchases at once 
 causes a reduction in the requirements of holders ; for they well know 
 that from the nature of the produce old stocks cannot be easily disposed 
 of, and the probability of those of one year being left in their hands until 
 ■the following season ever fills them with alarm ; as it is the advance in 
 cost has been enormous. 
 
 Pulse cakes are sold by the ten pies weighing 4 -pecals 80 catties ; pulse- 
 
10 
 
 by the shih, a measure equivalent to 300 catties ; and pulse oil by the 
 ordinary pecul of 100 catties. In 1861, ten pieces of pulse cake were 
 purchas"ed for 1 tael 8 mace, 300 catties of pulse for 1 tael 7 mace, and 
 100 catties of pulse oil for 3 taels 8 mace 5 candarines. During the past 
 year 5 taels 8 mace have been paid for the same quantity of the first commo- 
 dity, 4 taels 7 mace for the same quantity of the second, and 8 taels for 
 the same quantity of the third. Nevertheless, the consumption has 
 increased. 
 
 At first sight, in view of the large advance in prices, this increase 
 appears unintelligible. It must partly be attributed to the expense of 
 transport being generally lessened by the employment of foreign vessels ; 
 more particularly by the costly process of transshipment to Shanghae, to 
 which produce conveyed in junks was always subject, being suppressed, 
 and to insurance rendering it no longer necessary for exporters to compen- 
 sate themselves for the value of lost cargoes by demanding extravagant 
 prices for those which arrived in safety. But that this is not the sole 
 cause is proved by the fact that shipments in junks still continue, and 
 must therefore still be remunerative. Perhaps the best reason is that put 
 forward by the exporters, who assert that much of the profit which formerly 
 accrued to them has now passed into the hands of the middlemen and 
 growers, a statement which the experience of other new ports helps to 
 confirm. At the same time, higher prices are unquestionably paid in the 
 south. 
 
 The proposed importation of guano into China will probably, if perse- 
 vered in, diminish the demand for pulse cake unless the price of the latter 
 is reduced. This reduction would no doubt be efiected by the substitution 
 of machinery for the clumsy process now resorted to — a huge stone- 
 crushing wheel set in motion by a mule and a press worked by hand ; but, 
 unfortunately, the practical exclusion of the exporter from the producing 
 districts, and the fact that at Tien-Chuang-tai and at Ying-tzu the majority 
 of the warehousemen are themselves engaged in the manufacture of pulse 
 cake, would render it very difficult if not impracticable for the originator 
 of such a scheme to purchase sufficient quantities of the raw commodity. 
 
 At some future day coal and silk may rank amongst the exports from. 
 Ying-tzu. Of coal as large a quantity as could possibly be required could 
 be laid down here for 8 taels per ton ; but it is soft and full of sulphur, 
 and is certainly inferior for domestic purposes and for use by steamers to 
 the coals of Hunan. Probably, however, if improved appliances enabled 
 the miners to reach the lower seams a better quality would be discovered. 
 The principal coal districts lie about forty miles to the south-east of 
 Moukden. In the vicinity are furnaces for smelting iron, but I have been 
 unable to ascertain with precision whether the iron is produced in the 
 neighbourhood, or whether it is brougjit from a dislance. The question 
 becomes of interest when we recollect the enormous advantages enjoyed by 
 European countries in which coal and iron are found side by side. Another 
 description of coal is found near the coast, not far from the city of Fu-chow, 
 but it is only seen in the form of dust, and is said to be chiefly employed 
 in the oil manufactories. 
 
 Of silk 300 peculs can be collected annually, at a cost of 1 70 taels per 
 pecul. Samples have been submitted to those most conversant with the 
 commodity, and it rests with them to decide whether Manchuria is to assist 
 in making good the deficiencies of Chekiang and of Keangsu. The silk- 
 producing districts are separated from this port by the range of mountains 
 which bisects Teng-tien from north-east to south-west, and which termi- 
 nates in the promontory marked in many maps as the Regent's Sword. 
 
NEWCHWANG. 19 
 
 The northern silkworm, though not longer, is thrice as thick as the ordi- 
 nary insect ; it feeds not on the mulberry leaves, but on those of a shrub 
 oak. Comptete and interesting details on the subject are to be found in 
 Mr. Meadows' Trade Reports. 
 
 Tobacco is grown in Kirin; but judging from the past there is little 
 prospect of its ever becoming a prominent article of export. Owing 
 either to the distance to be traversed or to the smallness of the crops none 
 has been shipped in foreign vessels since the establishment of this OflSce, 
 whilst a considerable quantity has been brought from the south. 
 
 Towards the close of autumn large rafts arrive here from the north-east 
 of the province. The wood is floated down the great eastern affluent of 
 the Sua-muren; a portion is employed here, and a portion is sent in junks 
 to Shantung and to Chihii, but none has ever been taken away by foreign 
 vessels. 
 
 It is difficult in discussing the trade of the chief port in Manchuria to 
 avoid noticing the strange root in which every native of China, from the 
 Emperor to the humblest coolie, places such implicit faith. Fine Manchu- 
 rian ginseng is only found in the upper valley of the Usuri, where ruined 
 towns and forts mark the cradle of the race which seven centuries ago 
 ruled over China from the Yellow River to the Great Wall, which was 
 forced back by the valour and genius of Genghis, and which 400 years 
 aftarvyards again swept into Chihii to occupy and retain the Imperial 
 throne. But ginseng loves moisture, and the densest of the forests which 
 cling to the slopes of the hills ; it nestles in recesses, to which the rays of 
 the sun have never penetrated, and which are as pathless now as in the 
 days when the Golden Tartars were dwelling in and cultivating the plain. 
 The genuine Manchurian ginseng consists of a stem from which the leaves 
 spring, of a centre root, and of two roots branching off at the same point 
 from each side of the centre root. The stem somewhat resembles the head 
 and neck and the side roots the shoulders and arms of a man ; the main 
 root represents the body, and a fork, which the main root frequently forms, 
 the legs. 
 
 The Chinese, with a not ungraceful feeling, believe that a plant which 
 thus expands into the human form amid thickets and jungle, on which the 
 foot of man has never trod, must be intended to alleviate the sufferings of 
 the human race. Its precious qualities are increased and intensified by 
 age, and a plant is of no great value until it has been growing and gather- 
 ing strength for at least an ordinary lifetime. The age, and consequently 
 the value of a plant, are ascertained by a careful examination of the upper 
 portions of the centre and side roots. These portions should be covered 
 with rings, and the thicker and more numerous the rings the greater the 
 age. The value of ginseng in no way depends upon its length, thickness, 
 or colour. I myself have seen here a delicate root weighing but 6 liiace, 
 which cost 50 taels. The upper portions of the root also possess the 
 greatest healing power. The stem, which appears above ground, on the 
 other hand, ought not to be eaten. It is supposed to be baneful rather 
 than beneficial. 
 
 In former years, the collection of ginseng was in the hands of some 
 forty merchants, who, on payment of a heavy fee, obtained the necessary 
 authority from the Tartar General of Kirin. In addition to the fee, each 
 merchant was bound to hand over to Government a certain weight of the 
 .object of his search. The search continued from the end of April to the 
 «nd of September. In it-the merchants employed the outlaws, whom the 
 fear of punishment had driven to take refuge in these wilds, and who were 
 .compelled by their position to.be faithful servants. ' These men underwent 
 great hardships and incurred great dangers. Forced to wander far from 
 
20 CHINA. 
 
 the little patches of millet they had raised for their support, they were even 
 menaced by starvation, and by the wolf, the tiger, and the leopard ; and 
 not unfrequeatly the hardships were endured and the dangers were incur- 
 red in vain. 
 
 In the time of Tankuang ginseng was becoming yearly more scarce, 
 and plants of any great age were rarely found. Finally, in order to arrest 
 their utter extinction, the collection of the wild root was prohibited by 
 Imperial edict. Steps were taken in Kirin to carry this order into ef?ect, 
 and measures were adopted to prevent the admission of the interdicted 
 plant into China. Nevertheless, a very small quantity is still clandestinely 
 collected to a considerable extent, however, in Russian territory. 
 
 The cultivation of ginseng, thougli allowed, is not encouraged ; it is, 
 in fact, hardly recognized as ginseng, as the tariflFs of the various native 
 custom-houses class it under the general heading of medicine. This course 
 is not altogether unreasonable. The side branches of the cultivated plant 
 are frequently broken off, and its premature growth and the means made 
 use of to expedite its development often efface tile resemblance from which 
 it derives its name. With a view to produce a false appearance of age, 
 hair is tied tightly round the upper portions of the root ; but a practised 
 eye can easily detect the deception. 
 
 Ginseng is cultivated in Manchuria and in the Corea. The average 
 Coiean cultivated ginseng is superior to the average Manchurian ; 84 
 piculs 27 catties of Manchurian ginseng were exported in foreign vessels 
 during the past year ; the value was not 2 taels a catty. 
 
 The value of the import trade for the season, or seven months and 
 a-half of 1865, exceeded the value of the import trade for the six months 
 of 1864, by one million of taels. The value of the import trade for the 
 past year, after deducting treasure and re-exports, was 1,665,376 taels. The 
 ■value of the import trade during the six months of 1864, after deducting 
 re-exports, treasure not being included in the returns, was 6v'8, 510 taels. 
 There is re4son for believing that were we in possession of returns of the 
 entire import trade for the 1864 season, we should find that it did 
 not attain to one half of the value of that of last year, The enormous 
 advance which thus distinguished 1865, was chiefly owing to the increased 
 importation of opium. Foreign vessels brought 1,522 peculs of opium, 
 nine tenths of which were Malwa, to Ying-tzu, last year, whilst the 
 Returns for the six months of 1864, show the arrival of only .506 piculs. 
 English manufactures also contributed their share. In 1865, 54,939 
 pieces of English cotton fabrics were imported, against 27,287 pieces 
 during the six months of 1864. Yet native manufactures have in no way 
 suffered. No Nankeens reached Ying-tzu in foreinn vessels during the 
 six months of 1864 ; whilst 1,016 piculs valued at 25,400 taels., arrived in 
 1865. The demand for American cotton manufactures, on the other hand, 
 seems to have been small. Only 770 pieces of American drills have 
 reached Ying-tzu since the establishment of the foreign inspectorate. 
 The consumption of English woollen manufactures has been characterized 
 by an increase. The Returns for 1865 show the arrival of 7,374 pieces, 
 against 2,870 pieces during the six months of 1864. Foreign iron has 
 greatly advanced ; 14,808 piculs of bar and nail rod iron arrived in 1865, 
 against 2,905 piculs during the six months of 1864. It is principally 
 employed in the construction and repair of the waggons and carts, which 
 are the ordinary means of transport in this province. lu autumn the 
 roads are cut up by ruts, frequently over 3 feet deep. These ruts are 
 hardened by frost, and the traffic rarely obliterates tliem and levels the 
 highways until a third of the winter is over. The thousands of vehicles 
 which ai'e perpetually, night and day, passing to and fro, must therefore be 
 
NEWCHWANG. 21 
 
 of great strength; and the cart in which a gentleman travels from 
 Ying-tzu to Moukden, is built as solidly as the stoutest dray that ever 
 crossed the Thames. Sugar, the most important native product which 
 arrives here, shows a slight increase. 47,249 piculs were imported during 
 the season of 1865, and only 34,200 piculs during the six months of 
 1864. 
 
 The foregoing figures do not altogether represent an increased 
 consumption of the various commodities. They are doubtless partly due 
 to the growing popularity of foreign shipping. Since the opening of 
 Ying-tzu, foreign vessels have of course yearly been more appreciated. 
 They have not only diminished by one half the tonnage of the native 
 cralt of this port, but have, to a certain extent, usurped the trade of the 
 junks resorting to Ta-ku-shan, the principal port at the head of the 
 Yellow Sea. But after making every allowance for this substitution, it 
 cannot be denied that a great development of the import trade took place 
 during the last year. The exhaustion of existing stocks and lower prices, 
 have unquestionably stimulated the sale of piece goods, but the advance ia 
 the entire trade can only be attributed to the augmented wealth of the 
 cultivated districts of this province and of the colonial tract of south- 
 eastern Mongolia, arising from the increased demand and higher prices 
 paid for their produce. The improved position of the inhabitants is 
 placed in a striking light by the growing use of little family luxuries, and 
 of a more expensive description of household utensils. Rude and 
 uncleanly lamps and candlesticks of iron have given way to neater and 
 more showy articles manufactured of tin. The quantity of that metal 
 imported in 1865 is five times as large as the quantity imported in 1864. 
 Matches are taking the place of the clumsy stone and steel. 1 3,000 taels 
 worth were sold in 1 865, and not a 1,000 taels worth in 1864. During the 
 past year 3,369 taels were devoted to the purchase of foreign needles, whilst 
 only 7"2taels were thus expended during the preceding year. 75,000 
 mirrors were bought in 1865, and only 42,000 in 1864- The maidens of 
 Mongolia and Manchuria were able to double their use of rouge and silk 
 ribbons. 154 piculs of the former were imported in 1865, against 
 71 piculs in 1864; and 20 piculs of the latter against 10 piculs in 1864. 
 On the other hand that dread of future expense which characterizes even 
 the richest Chinese, retards the employment of window glass. It isi 
 objected to, not on account of the high cost, but on account of the 
 impossibility of repairing it A strip of paper to mend a crack in a paper 
 window cost but one or two cash, whilst a pane of glass, to replace a 
 broken one, costs several hundred. No foreigners forward imports to the 
 interior. A large Swatow firm, however, to which almost two thirds of 
 the drug that reaches Ying-tzu are consigned, and which may be said 
 therefore to rule the opium market, finds it, as I have already mentioned, 
 profitable to have an agency at Moukden. 
 
 The probability of this import trade continuing to grow each year, 
 until Ying-tzu eventually becomes a great mart for the products of foreign 
 countries, is a question of some interest. It cannot be concealed that 
 this province is a poor one. The older inhabited southern districts are 
 mostly sterile and mountainous ; the value and quantity of silk they 
 produce is nothing in proportion to the extent of country and of popula- 
 tion ; and the plain of the Sua-muren, has benefited to only a limited 
 extent, by the increased demand and higher price paid for pulse. 
 Moukden is the sole exception. Its ancient importance, its position as 
 the residence of many and exalted officials, and as the point from which 
 highways diverge to all points of the Empire, long- ago recommended it to 
 those natives of Shansi who are constantly seeking safe and lucrative 
 
22 CHINA. 
 
 investments for their capital. To them Moukden is indebted for having 
 become the storehouse of the produce which Mongolia and Manchjiria 
 send to the southern and central provinces ; and it is their presence which 
 converted Moukden into the entrepot for the commodities which these 
 provinces send back in return. Commercial prosperity has augmented the 
 general wealth of the place, and its inhabitants are able to indulge in 
 luxuries from which their poorer countrymen are compelled to abstain. 
 Still, it is that colonised tract of south-eastern Mongolia, in which the 
 largest quantities of pulse are produced, — which is the principal consumer 
 of the shirtings, and the lustres, and the opium, that arrive here. Owing 
 to the greater value of the fruits of their labour, these Mongolian colonists 
 are growing yearly in wealth, and with their growth in wealth, the sale of 
 the products of foreign countries is certain to expand. At the same time 
 there is little doubt that the colonization of the north-eastern portion of 
 the Empire is advancing with wonderful rapidity, But on the other hand, 
 there is also little doubt, that once certain limits are overstepped, the 
 advantages which will accrue to this port become questionable. To the 
 north-west of the fruitful region which now draws its supplies from 
 Ying-tzu, are mountains, the feet of which are touched by the desert of 
 Gobi, and the ancient course of trade, and the features of the country, 
 will ever induce the inhabitants of the Khanates across the desert to 
 satisfy their scanty wants at the great market of Kiachta. As of old 
 the western parts of Inner Mongolia will be provided by the dealers who 
 resort to Hankow and to Tientsin. To the east are other mountains, and 
 to the north-east are mountains and another desert, the arid plateau of 
 the Korchin, beyond which the emigrant finds himself in the well watered 
 valleys of Kirin and of Tsi-tsi-har, through which twenty streams flow to 
 join the Amoor. But these valleys, well watered as they are, are scourged 
 by a climate which neutralises their many other advantages. The 
 Sbngari, and the Normi, and the Hurks, flow through arable prairies ; 
 their current is slow, — they are free from shallows and rapids, — and are 
 in every way well adapted for navigation. But the most persevering and 
 enterprising colonist can do little in a country where frost withers the 
 grass in August, where snows falls in September, and where the ground is 
 frozen 7 feet deep from October to April. And the extreme cold reaches 
 even to those districts of Kiran, which are in the same latitude as the most 
 fertile portion of Mongolia. This incongruity has been attributed to the 
 proximity of the Shan-alin, or Long White Mountains, the northern slopes 
 of which are covered with perennial snow. It is thus uncertain whether 
 the utmost exertions of the colonists will ever win from these inclement 
 regions that superfluity of substance without which the products of 
 foreign countries are unattainable to them. And it is, moreover, uncertain 
 whether, if their labours are unexpectedly profitable, they will find it 
 expedient to convey the produce to the banks of the Sua-muren. Russian 
 steamers have penetrated to the capital of Kirin, and though the mouth 
 of the Amoor is ice-locked from November to May, there are Russian 
 ports below Nicolayeosk, which are closed merely for two months, or 
 which are not closed at all. Vladimir Bay is shut only from the middle 
 of December to the middle of February ; and Port Seymour, now an 
 important naval station, and the harbours of Victoria and D'Anville Bays, 
 remain always open. Years ago the journeys of M. de la Bruniere and 
 of Mr. Venault, proved that communication between the lower valleys of 
 the Songari and of the Usuri was practicable, and that, with a denser 
 population, it would be not only practicable but easy. In 1858 the explora- 
 tions of M. Verciukof, quoted by M. liavenstein, showed that the difiiculty : 
 of crossing from the Usuri to the sea had been greatly exaggerated, and that . 
 
NEWCHWANG. 23 
 
 Russia has acquired the richest and mildest tract of northern Manchuria. 
 Of the valleys of the two aflSuents of the Usuri, along which he travelled, 
 one was well wooded with oaks and elms; the other was inhabited by 
 Chinese squatters who grew wheat, and millet, and barley, hemp, and 
 vegetables. The mountains were low, and cedars among other trees 
 •adorned the slopes. Bordering the stream which flowed on the other side 
 towards the sea, were many fertile prairies well adapted for settlers. 
 Passes intersect the ridge at Vladimir Bay and at Port Seymour, but 
 there can be little question that, if a wise course is pursued by the Russian 
 authorities, eithor Vladivostok in Victoria Bay, or perhaps a more 
 southern harbour in D'Anville Bay, will eventually become the chief 
 commercial station on the western coast of the Japanese sea. A few 
 miles below D' Anville Bay is the River Tu-men, the north-eastern 
 boundary of the Corea ; and on the Tu-mSn, a few miles above its mouth, 
 is Hun-ch'un, one of the two towns at which, at fixed times, lawful trade 
 is permitted to be carried on between the Coreans and the Chinese. 
 From Hun-ch'un roads diverge to the town of Kirin, to Ninguta on the 
 Hurka, and to Lake Hinka on the Usuri. Thus a regular communication 
 unites Hun-ch'un, and consequently D'Anville Bay, with the most 
 important of the incompletely colonised districts and a settlement a little 
 distance from the Tu-men, — enjoying the many advantages that entire 
 freedom from ice bestows, — could well compete with Ying-tzu for their 
 custom. D'Anville Bay possesses the first requisite of commercial 
 success. It has something to tempt the visits of traders, — something to 
 offer them in return for what they bring. Nature has endowed it 
 plentifully with that edible seaweed of which such enormous quantities 
 now reach China from Japan. 
 
 When we cross the Tu-men we are among a strange people, of whom 
 little more is known than of the natives of Central Africa. Yet ten Roman 
 Catholic priests are believed to be scattered through the Corea ; two are 
 said to be residing in the capital, and four are known to have crossed from 
 Cne-foo in 1865. It is to be regretted that the desire of contributing to 
 the advancement of general knowledge has not stimulated these enter- 
 prising men to tread in the footsteps of those illustrious servants of religion, 
 from whom, for so many years, Europe learned all she knew regarding 
 China. During the past year an English missionary passed some months 
 cruizing in a junk along the western Corean coast, and it is to be hoped 
 that the public will be enabled to enjoy the curious and novel information 
 which he must have collected. 
 
 The northern boundaries of the Corea are not often clearly defined in 
 maps. The boundary line starts from the mouth of the Tu-men, and 
 follows that river to its sources in the Shan-alin Mountains. It runs along 
 the base of these mountains to the source of the Ya-lu, which stream is the 
 line of demarcation to the head of the Yellow Sea. So far as can be 
 ascertained, the Corea is poor and sterile, and the inhabitants are peaceful, 
 indolent, and easily contented. Trade with the outer world is carried on 
 through five channels : — Through the Japanese factory on the southern 
 coast; through the fairs at Teng-huang-cheng, in the south-east of Teng- 
 tien ; and at Auncliun, through the merchants who accompany the annual 
 Embassies to Peking ; and tlirough the Shan-tung junks engaged in a 
 contraband traffic on the Corean coast. The Japanese are now reported 
 to be draining the country of the precious metals, more especially of silver, 
 which they in most cases insist on receiving in exchange for the tea and 
 the lacquered ware, and the various fabrics that they offer for sale. At 
 Teng-huang-cheng there are three trading periods each year ; one in the 
 third moon, one in the ninth moon, and one in the twelfth moon. The 
 
24 CHINA. 
 
 Coreans bring; to these fairs their paper, which much resernhles that of 
 Japan, and is used in the windows of the wealthier classes in Manchuria 
 and the northern provinces. It is highly prized on account of its strength 
 and its imperviousness to damp. They bring also their cotton cloths, 
 which are even more durable than the famous manufactures of Central 
 China; and a little gold, a little genseng, and tiger-skins. They take 
 away niiscellan?ous native products, and piece-goods of different classes. 
 The only drug which enters the Corea also passes through Teng-huang- 
 cheng, and as the quantity is small, the consumption of opium by this 
 secluded race must be limited. At Hun-chun the fair is conducted on the 
 purest principles of barter. The mules and asses, the dogs and leather of 
 Manchuria, and a ftertain proportion of foreign goods, are exchan(red for 
 the oxen and ponies, the cloth and the paper, of the Corea. The fair 
 takes place in the twelfth moon of each year, and business is carried on 
 under the supervision of two officers who are despatched expressly from 
 Peking by the Board of Civil Office. Corea sends annually two Missions 
 to Peking; one in the ninth moon and one in the twelfth moon ; two mer- 
 chants attach themselves to the first, but long lines of carts may be seen 
 following in the train of the Embassy which usually passes through. 
 Moukden in January. These carts are laden with paper, cloth, and 
 ginseng-. Probably eight-tenths of the Corean ginseng that reaches China 
 is admitted in this way. They return with miscellaneous native products 
 and foreign fabrics. Though trading on the journey is not prohibited, it 
 IS seemingly rarely resorted to. Their adherence to ancient customs 
 induces them to still procure in the capital articles which, during recent 
 years at least, might be purchased more cheaply in this province. 
 
 About twenty Shan-tung junks laden with foreign cotton piece-goods 
 cruize each year along the western Corean coast. It is estimated that 
 about 8,000 pieces thus cross the Yellow Sea. The traders are always 
 desirous of receiving ginseng in exchange ; when, however, the quantities 
 offered of it are insufficient, they accept sea-weed and shell-fish. In these 
 transactions money is unknown ; a piece of shirtings will purchase so 
 many sticks of ginseng or so many peculs of sea-weed. The traffic is 
 strictly repressed by the Corean Government, and natives detected in the 
 prosecution of it are punished by death. Cotton of a fine quality is grown 
 in the Corea, but it would appear to be inadequate for the wants of the 
 inhabitants. The quantity of foreign fabrics which they yearly buy greatly 
 exceeds the quantity of native cloth which they yearly sell. The future of 
 the Corea lies in the expansion of the sea-weed trade, in the production of 
 silk, and in the improvement of her gold-mines. In 1864, nearljr 500,000 
 taels' worth of sea-weed reached Shangbae alone from Japan ; and as an 
 exporter of this strange article of food, the Corea might well compete with 
 Niphon and with Yesso. She possesses both the shrub oak and the mul- 
 berry ; her gold-mines are known to be numerous, and all inquiries would 
 lead to the conclusion that if properly worked they would be rich. The 
 great obstacle to progress is the character of the people. After centuries 
 of seclusion, the Japanese was found as industrious and as enterprising as 
 the most industrious and enterprising of Western races ? but the Corean 
 reminds those who see him of the sluggish and apathetic Mongol. Inter- 
 course with a superior race must teach them the value of their resources 
 and the best means of developing them. But it is beyond the question to 
 inquire to what magnitude foreign trade may then attain. There can be 
 little doubt that it will be in no way connected with this port. 
 
 In the meantime, we cannot ignore that Vladivostok, or a more southern 
 Settlement in D'Anville Bay, enjoys great facilities for supplyiuc the, at 
 present, limited wants of the Corea. The Bussian is not an unknown 
 
KEWCBWAMG. 25 
 
 name on the southern bank of the Tu-nien ; and if Hun-chun even partially 
 takes the place of Teng-huang-cheng, the trade of this port will, under 
 present circumstances, proportionately suffer ; for the dealers of Teng- 
 huang-cheng now provide themselves with opium aud with piece-goods at 
 Moukden and at Ying-tzu. Their paper and their Corean cloth are 
 ordinarily disposed of at the former city for provincial distribution and 
 consumption ; but some ginseng and some tiger-skins are not unfrequently 
 bartered away here. Indeed, tawny rows of tiger-skins dangling over the 
 open fronts of the great retailing shops in the main street are no uncertain 
 sign that dealers from the South-east have made their appearance. No 
 Corean ginseng is exported in foreign vessels ; owing to the high duty to 
 which it is liable, it is, I fear, chiefly smuggled away in junks. 
 
 But it is not only the growth of Hun-chun that is to be dreaded. 
 There are grounds for believing that if Teng-hnang-cheng maintains its 
 old importance, its trade will eventually revert to Ta-ku-shan. Ta-ku- 
 shan is the most eastern Chinese port on the Yellow Sea, and is about 
 forty miles distant from Teng-huang-cheng. It is situated at the mouth 
 of the Yang-ho, a short and impetuous mountrain stream ; but thirty miles 
 east of the Yang-ho is the mouth of the Ya-lu. The change which has 
 recently taken place is to be attributed to the greater weiilth and commer- 
 cial prosperity of this town, and of Moukden affording the dealers better 
 facilities for the disposal of their Corean wares — to the portable character 
 of these wares — to the large selection of imports offered at Ying-tzu and at 
 the latter city — and to the economy arising from their conveyance here 
 being effected by foreign vessels counterbalancing the cost of 150 miles of 
 land carriage. 
 
 At present the Western or Chinese half of the Ya-lu valley is inhabited 
 by hardy but somewhat lawless settlers, who mainly support existence by 
 felling timber. The)' float it to the mouth of the Ya-lu, whence the junks 
 of Ta-ku-shan ship it to Shan-tung and to Chih-li. But the valley of the 
 Ya-lu possesses a great superiority over Northern Manchuria, and over 
 those narrow ravines and sterile slopes which are the distinguishing 
 features of the more south-western portions of Ting-tun. Though of 
 little width near the sea, it higher up expands into a wide and level plain, 
 from which the peaks of Shan-alin ward off those bitter north winds that 
 accelerate winter in Kirin and in Tsi-tsi-har. As years pass on, and as 
 the forests are cleared away, and as settlers increase in number, agriculture 
 will be resorted to, and pulse, for which the soil of the milder portions of 
 this part of Asia is so admirably adapted, will be cultivated in large 
 quantities. Will this pulse be shipped from Ta-ku-shan, or will it be 
 shipped from Ying-tzu ? Owing to the ancient and close relations existing 
 between the rearers and the agents of the Shan-tung weavers, and doubt- 
 less also to the short time occupied by the voyage, even silk cocoons, 
 precious and portable as they are, are still forwarded in junks to Che-foo; 
 and the actual currents of traffic on the whole demonstrate that whilst the 
 conveyance to the port of discharge in foreign vessels merely just compen- 
 sates for an expensive and tedious land transport of articles that are light 
 in proportion to their value, it is far more economical to ship heavy and 
 cumbrous commodities in junks from an adjacent port, than in foreign 
 vessels from a distant one lying at the other end of the province, and on 
 the other side of a range of mountains. We are therefore fairly justified 
 in assuming that Ta-ku-shan will not forfeit the advantages to which it is 
 entitled by its position, as the natural outlet of the products of the Ya-lu 
 valley; and if it be from Ta-ku-shan that the pulse is exported, it is most 
 assuredly to Ta-ku-shan that the equivalent proportion of imports will 
 return. Not only would a remunerative export freight be too exorbitant 
 
26 1 CHINA. 
 
 if the junks were to come back in ballast, but even now the squatters and 
 farmers who resort to these southern ports are paid, in various commo- 
 dities of which they may stand in need, for nine-tenths of the value of 
 their wood and of their pulse ; and the seaboard dealers too highly appre- 
 ciate the double profit that accrues to them, to allow of a change of system. 
 When Ta-ku-shan thus becomes the centre of a great export and of a great 
 import trade, it will present to the merchants of the neighbouring city that 
 large selection and those facilities the absence of which has now induced 
 them to desert to the North. The superiority which Ying-tzu and Mouk^ 
 den must still retain will be neutralized by the proximity of their Southern 
 rival ; and the Gulf of Liao-tung will be forced to restore to the Yellow 
 Sea the commerce of which she has robbed her. 
 
 The import trade of Ying-tzu will probably advance until it equals the 
 export trade in value. But there the advance will be arrested farther, and 
 no great development of the export trade can be anticipated. So far as it 
 is possible to form an opinion to-day, there is but little prospect of ship- 
 ments of coal or of silk ever proving remunerative ; few producing districts 
 that are likely to send produce to Ying-tzu are not now doing so ; and 
 after all, the extent to which, in a certain area, a large demand and high 
 prices can stimulate cultivation is but limited. 
 
 If a dense and industrious population vanquishes an arctic climate, and 
 extorts unlooked-for treasures from the inclement regions of the North ; if 
 the woods of the sheltered plain through which the Ya-lu flows are swept 
 away, and other and more useful fruits are gathered from its soil ; and if 
 an improved civilization develops the resources of the secluded country to 
 the South, — they will each find nearer and more convenient channels for 
 disposing of their superfluous wealth, and for satisfying the wants which 
 the possession of it will create. 
 
 (Signed) A. MACPHERSON, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Commissioner of Ctisioms, 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Beport on the Trade at the Port of Tien-lsinfor the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Tien-tsin, January .31, 1866. 
 
 Business of importance taking me away from Tientsin before the 
 final close of the port, I am prevented from entering very minutely into 
 the state of trade for the year 1865, as compared with that of 1864, the 
 accounts for the year then not having been completed. I will, however, 
 endeavour to furnish such data as may enable the reader to form a tolerably 
 correct idea of its progress and development. 
 
 An accurate estimate of the trade of the port of Tientsin and of its 
 value to the foreig-ner, can only be obtained by a comparison of the present 
 with the past three or four years. The Foreign Inspectorate has been 
 established now nearly four years, and careful record has been kept during 
 that period of the several imports and exports passed through the OflSce of 
 Foreign Customs. By reference to them, therefore, we shall observe the 
 yearly fluctuations in the market, and be enabled to deduce much useful 
 and varied information. 1 propose to look back over the returns for 1 862 
 to 1864, and form a comparative table for the import of opium and cotton 
 pifjce goods, — articles in which foreigners are mostly interested. In the 
 following Table I make no distinction between those imported from foreio-n 
 or native ports, but include them all under one heading : — 
 
IIEN-TSIN, 
 
 27' 
 
 Gooda. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Grey ahirtiugs ... 
 White ahirtmgs . 
 
 Dyed shirtings 
 
 "White spots and brocades 
 T-clolhs, 24 yards 
 Drills, American 
 Turkey red cambrics ... 
 
 Lastings... _ • 
 
 Lastings, imitation 
 
 Long ells 
 
 Spanish stripes . 
 Camlets, English 
 
 Malwa 
 
 Patna 
 
 Seuares 
 
 Turkey 
 
 Persian 
 
 Prepared opium . 
 Native opium 
 
 . Pieces 
 
 Piculs 
 
 891,468 
 199,763 
 49,090 
 103,165 
 160,596 
 92,615 
 2 898 
 4472 
 
 2,907 
 1,725 
 2,775 
 1,482 
 
 ,837 
 ,902 
 ,371 
 .346 
 ,277 
 ,076 
 525 
 717 
 
 i,210 
 
 i,389 
 268 80 
 
 84 
 
 86,161 
 
 30,357 
 
 964 
 
 4,897 
 
 31,599 
 
 3,705 
 
 18,000 
 
 797 
 
 142 
 
 3,486 
 
 1,338 
 
 3,043 
 
 3,571 ^ 
 
 63 
 
 98 69 
 15 81 
 
 164,369 
 72,135 
 14,948 
 13,139 
 36,630 
 
 1,940 
 
 6,860 
 
 2,323 
 10,185 
 
 1,345 
 
 6,910 
 
 4,661 
 
 3,674 
 
 153 64 
 
 9 60 
 
 43 92 
 
 516,899 
 134,907 
 18,880 
 24,897 
 85,884 
 3,630 
 19,177 
 3,648 
 9,401 
 640 
 6,390 
 10,397 
 4,349 50 
 717 63 
 364 80 
 18 46 
 108 60 
 65 18i 
 
 We see by the foregoing that the demand for cotton manufactures after 
 the first year, 1861, rapidly declined, until in 1863 it reached its minimum, 
 the single article of grey shirtings showing a difierence of upwards of 
 800,000 pieces. From 1863 until the present its. increase has been almost 
 as rapid as its previous decline, and we have every reason to expect a still 
 further advance. The present price of foreign piece goods, although 
 much lower than in 1864, still prevents the lower class of Chinese from 
 becoming purchasers. To the American war, and consequent scarcity of 
 cotton, must doubtless be attributed this great falling off during the years 
 1863 and 1864, as we find that on the cessation of active hostilities in 
 America the consumption of grey shirtings is tripled, and that of white 
 shirtings is largely increased, as is seen by comparing the years 1864 and 
 1865. But this trade, although it has reached its present dimensions, is 
 of little value to the foreign merchant, so long as it is carried on on its 
 present system. Tientsin, although one of the largest consuming ports 
 for foreign manufactures in China, receives nearly all its supplies from 
 Shanghae. The Chinese merchant is therefore in the habit of proceeding 
 direct to Shanghae to purchase his stock, thereby escaping the extra 
 charges necessarily made by the foreign agent in Tientsin, and is in this 
 manner enabled to undersell his foreign competitor. Should a direct 
 trade, however, be opened with Europe, this might be obviated, with 
 evident benefit to both foreigner and Chinaman, as it would [enable the 
 former to supply the market of the latter with foreign produce at a lower 
 rate than the same could be purchased at Shanghae. Compare the con- 
 sumption of cotton goods at Tientsin in 1864, with that at several of the 
 other ports, and the result will be found very favourable to the former. 
 
 Goods. 
 
 Shanghae. 
 
 Canton. 
 
 Swatow. 
 
 Amoy. 
 
 Foo-chow. 
 
 Tieu-tsin. 
 
 Grey shirtings Pieces ... 
 
 White shirtings , ... „ 
 
 Dyed shirtings „ 
 
 T-cloths, 24 yards ... „ 
 Turkey red cloth 
 
 660,391 
 213,386 
 
 72,735 
 171,340 
 
 16,685 
 
 44,216 
 42,376 
 14,467 
 22,352 
 193 
 
 20,986 
 
 8,387 
 
 2,700 
 
 7,000 
 
 910 
 
 24,972 
 
 13,602 
 
 5,154 
 
 2,334 
 
 6,390 
 
 47,627 
 16,183 
 
 3,585 
 57,989 
 
 4,088 
 
 164,359 
 72,135 
 14,948 
 36,530 
 6,840 
 
 Of the 550,391 pieces of grey shirtings imported into Shanghae, no 
 less than 163,000 were re-exported to Tientsin, 39,000 to Chefoo, 33 to 
 Kiukiang, and nearly 149,000 to Hankow. 
 
 The above is sufficient to show the importance of Tientsin as a con- 
 sumer of foreign manufactures, and to justify me in arriving at the 
 conclusion that a direct trade could be carried on with Europe with benefit 
 to all parties interested. Vessels of from 200 to 300 tons might be 
 employed, and, if drawing less than 1 1 feet water, might cojne direct to 
 [167] V 
 
28n 
 
 CffLNAv 
 
 Tsie-chu-lin, and discharge tlreir- contents at the. very godflwns of- the- 
 merchants.- These vessels might be inducei to make Takoo their final 
 destination, at a very little increased rate ( of freight- over and above that 
 which they would require, if only bound to Shar.ghae. Merchandize thus 
 brought into the market would avoid the heavy charges of coast fteight, &c. 
 
 The great increase in the import of opium may he attributed to the- 
 effect of an Imperial i edict, promulgated early in 1865, forbidding the 
 growth and cultivation of the poppy in China. This edict, although it is-- 
 not likely to entirely .do away with the native drug, will go far towards 
 rediioing.itsi quantity^ Latterly, the cultivation of the. poppy has been- 
 carriedjon to so great an extent^ that thei production of wheat,, corn,. &c.,. 
 has sulEered severely. 
 
 The-foreign metals, needles, ?ind matches imported into Tien-tsin during . 
 1865, compaj-e as follows with 1;863 and 1864;: — 
 
 Gqods. 
 
 1863.- 
 
 1864... 
 
 1865. 
 
 Lead . 
 
 Pieuls. .. 
 
 1,735 43 
 
 5,802. 7 
 
 13^92 4 
 
 Iron, manufactured . 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 1 55 
 
 200 0'- 
 
 Steel 
 
 
 451 72' 
 
 3,714 10 
 
 4,049 26 
 
 Quicksilver . . . 
 
 
 , , 
 
 221 87 
 
 237 06 
 
 Tim. 
 
 
 86 78 
 
 157 50 
 
 1,284 40 
 
 Tin. plates .. 
 
 
 715 20 
 
 983 36 
 
 3,510 23 
 
 Needles 
 
 Pieces . . 
 
 20,545,000 
 
 141,563;000 
 
 309,575,000 
 
 MsCtches 
 
 Gross . . 
 
 131,263 
 
 40,973 
 
 52,257 
 
 The great increase in lead, 'tin plates and ■ tin may be observed. The 
 consumption of needles is worthy of comment. In 1861 and 1862 the 
 import was small, butsince then it has increased to an astonishing extent. 
 These needles find their way in ISlrge' quantities to the Gorea, bartered 
 away in exchange for ginseng, and other Corean produce. The Chinese 
 needle is made by the-hand, and is consequently' very rude and ill adapted ' 
 for-use. This trade has been- found very remunerative. The remaining- 
 important aKtielesof import, all native produce^ are as follow : — 
 
 Goods. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865; 
 
 Hemp . ... . . Pieuls, .. 
 
 138 40 
 
 463. 36, 
 
 648- 24: 
 
 Paper, 1st quality ... „ 
 
 13,745., 51 
 
 7,248:74. 
 
 . 13,366 97. 
 
 Ditto, 2nd quality ... „ 
 
 28,531 49 
 
 13,209 29 
 
 12,473 94 
 
 Sugar, brown . .. ,, 
 
 21,367 4 
 
 8r,315 
 
 70,920 39 
 
 Ditto, white . . . . „ 
 
 19,822 17 
 
 64,413 
 
 78,608 38 
 
 Tea, black . . 
 
 14,635 23 
 
 9,573 66 „ 
 
 7,953 41 
 
 Ditto, green . . . . ,,, 
 
 39 20- 
 
 248 13. 
 
 268 43 
 
 Brick tea .. .. „ 
 
 12,197 53 
 
 12,035 44 
 
 12,359 16 
 
 Silk piece goods .. ,, .„ 
 
 755 26: 
 
 1,345 76 
 
 1,443 46 
 
 Silk ribbons . . . . ,, 
 
 137 61 
 
 535 63. 
 
 436 81i- 
 
 The trade in brick tea lis entirely carried, on, byithe Russian merchant ; 
 it comes from Kankow, via Shanghae, packed in i baskets,. and is thence 
 transported into Russia via Kiachta, on the backs of camels. A consider- 
 abVe portion is consumed in Mongolia. 
 
 At present there is no -direct trade with any foreign-countries excepting 
 Japan and Siam. The latter is utterly unimportantv:. only one ship having 
 found its way from Bkukofc during the year 186ai: 
 
 Direct. communication and trade with Japan is much on the increase, as- 
 may be seen bythe adjoining- Table. Fifteen vessels have arrived at the 
 port diirect from Japan- during the year 1865, only nine having done so- 
 in '1«64. 
 
TIEN-TSIN. 
 
 Goods. 
 
 ia64. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Seaweed , 
 
 . KoBls .. 
 
 •4,077 79 
 
 21,377 96 
 
 Tea dnst . 
 
 • -n 
 
 587 9 1 
 
 1,192 34 
 
 Biche de mer, black 
 
 
 57 11 
 
 10 89 
 
 Ditto, white 
 
 ,3 
 
 119 
 
 326 58 
 
 XJamplior . 
 
 ■ s» • • 
 
 381 60 
 
 25 12 
 
 Ginger . . 
 
 
 165 
 
 310 80 
 
 Tea^Wack 
 
 . „ 
 
 2,393 6 
 
 1^667 
 
 Of the above, tea dust and seaweed have been found highly remune- 
 ratrvB, 
 
 The total value of the import trade at the port of Tien-tsin has been 
 as follows, calculating- from the establishment of the Foreign Inspectorate.. 
 
 Value of Impqikts. 
 
 1B61 , 
 l'9e2, 
 1«63 . 
 
 H. taels. 
 5,014,071 
 7,095,811 
 6,275,225 
 
 1864 , 
 
 1865 , 
 
 H. taels. 
 
 7,645,422 
 
 11,852,437 
 
 Export Tmie. — ^The exports from Tien-tsia are, ccnmptred with the 
 imports, very small -and insignificant, both in variety and value, and I fear 
 thra:e is not much prospect of a large development. The province of 
 Chihli itself, compared with others far from productive, is bounded on all 
 sides by land equally sterile. Shansi is notorious for its poverty of soil, 
 jDodHcing little. Momgelia, with its immense extent of almost bouiodless 
 prairie, can likewise furnish scarcely anything- save sheep and cattle. The 
 adjoining province of Shantung, althongh considerably smaller, is far more 
 jEertile than Chihli, as is apparent from the Government iBetHirn of Xiand 
 HeBts and Taxes. But only a very small ptartioin of Shaiatung prodoce 
 finds its way seaward by -the port of Tiei»-tsin. By fair the llargeir part is 
 shipped at ¥entai, the open port of Tung-chang-f«w), -and the Chinese 
 port of Cbiao-chou to the soirthw-aa-d 'Oif the poromontojy, Chihli has 
 therefore to depend on itsdlf for its exportSj reoeiTing little assistamce from 
 the neighbouring and inland provimoes. 
 
 That portion of Chihli traversed by the Grand Canal is unq.uied6ifflnalDiiiy 
 the most fertile. The immense tracft ctf' icotmtriy stretching from Peking to 
 the Great Wall is nothing but a rocky waste, scarcely capable, I should 
 imagine, of supporting its scanty population. Coal, however, is fcmnd 
 everywhere in considerable quantities, and if pnopedy worked would no 
 doubt yield a large return. Th« bitunaimious coal fomnd in the neighbour- 
 hood of Peking burns almost as well as the English coal, and the mines 
 ate of great extent ; but the mode of transport (on the backs of camels), 
 together with the primitive means employed in miming, makes this supply 
 •very limited and costly, cempared with what it might be if aided by 
 capital and science. This coal is found about sixty miles from Feking 
 cropping out lof the sides of the hills. The people in the neighbouirhoDd 
 amd the owners of the- land are very poor, quite unable to lay out any 
 capital to imiproive their property. Very little of this good coal fiads its 
 ■way to Tien-tsin, it being too^ expensi've. Could it be laid down at a 
 reasonable price,'! believe it would be burnt on board the several steamiers 
 that frequent the port. The heavy duty, howevei', levied on native coal 
 would be a great opponent to the deveiapment of this trade^ — a trade that 
 would yield a fine revenue, and give employrasent to a vast rasmber o£ the 
 native populaiaon, and would moreover be the means of imducing the 
 Chinese themnelives to turn their national industry into endeavouring to 
 open out the mineral wealth of China. The only m^bod. bj which tiiis 
 
 D 2 
 
30 
 
 :hisa 
 
 great source of wealth could be really developed and turned to the benefit 
 of the country, would be by laying out capital to a considerable extent in 
 the construction of iron tramways, &c., for the transport of the coal, and 
 machinery for the better working of the mines, all placed under the 
 supervision of a competent and practical engineer. The great enemy to 
 be contended against is water ; and not having any proper means for 
 draining it off, their excavations have not penetrated far below the surface, 
 although horizontally their tunnelling extends to nearly two miles. Some 
 time, I fear, will elapse before the Government will sanction such a politic 
 step. 
 
 The principal exports from Tien-tsin may be seen by the following 
 Table :— 
 
 Goods. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Alum, copperas 
 
 . Piculs .. 
 
 716 20 
 
 877 3 
 
 1,291 55 
 
 Apples and pears 
 
 ,, ■ • 
 
 2,417 76 
 
 3,575 80 
 
 5,425 96 
 
 Dates, black , . 
 
 „ 
 
 5,583 34 
 
 998 
 
 7,102 3 
 
 Ditto, red 
 
 „ 
 
 14,851 83 
 
 3,607 30 
 
 7,557 54 
 
 Grain . 
 
 ■ ,, • . 
 
 2,694 
 
 11,550 
 
 41,132 87 
 
 Horns, deer, young . 
 
 . Pairs .. 
 
 122i- 
 
 1,578 
 
 3,160i 
 
 Medicine 
 
 . Piculs .. 
 
 18,465 99 
 
 59,762 44 
 
 29,263 23 
 
 Seeds, melon . 
 
 ,, ■ . 
 
 2,926 49 
 
 818 70 
 
 1,947 55 
 
 Ditto, sesamum • 
 
 . ,, . . 
 
 
 2,343 
 
 3,294 70 
 
 Soap 
 
 „ ■ . 
 
 8,628 76 
 
 5,079 65 
 
 12,792 40 
 
 Totacco 
 
 • f. 
 
 1,460 18 
 
 5,645 12 
 
 6,378 62 
 
 Cotton . 
 
 - „ .. 
 
 • 2,366 8 
 
 67,282 19 
 
 62,758 91 
 
 The cultivation of cotton is carried on to a considerable extent all over 
 Chihli ; it is next to impossible, however, to calculate the quantity to any 
 ■exactness, and the number of piculs exported is equally difficult to 
 estimate. Much finds its way south by native junks, and the account kept 
 of that portion is so imperfect, that correctness could not be arrived at. 
 So far, however, as we are able to judge from our observation, trade 
 in cotton is likely to remunerate as an export to the southern ports of 
 China, Indian cotton finding a market in England, instead of as formerly 
 in Canton. 
 
 The export of grain, principally to the southern ports of Swatow and 
 Amoy, during the year 1865, far exceeds that of 1864 ; a sure proof of 
 agricultural prosperity and plenty. 
 
 Tien-tsin is one of the largest exporters of medicines of every descrip- 
 tion, scarcely a vessel leaving the port without some on board,"but their 
 value is not great considering their weight. Young deer horns from Sheng- 
 king, and ginseng, both native and from Corea, are the most valuable, but 
 the quantity of the latter is very inconsiderable. These generally find a 
 market in Canton. 
 
 The article known as fan-chien or soap, finds its way southwards in 
 quantities varying from 7,000 to 10,000 piculs per annum. Thi^j is a 
 kind of animal alkali or li, found on the borders of Mongolia, in the 
 neighbourhood of Chang-chia-k'ou. It is brought down in large blocks 
 of two piculs each on the backs of camels, each animal carrying two 
 blocks, but it is a very imperfect substitute for foreign soap. The export 
 of skins is very large and varied. The principal are sheep, lamb, fox, and 
 squirrel. Sables come principally from Sheng-king and the Corea, and 
 may be purchased in considerable numbers. The manufacture of felt is 
 carried on at several places in the north of China. At Suen-hwa-foo 
 there is a large establishment kept, besides others of less note. Felt is used 
 for many purposes ; for carpeting tents in Mongolia, caps, stockings, &c. 
 
IIEN-TSIlf. 31 
 
 It varies much in quality, but is not to be compared to the foreign 
 felt. The export of wool, both sheep and camel, is at present so small as 
 to be scarcely worthy of mention. All that reaches Tien-tsin comes from 
 Mongolia, from the neighbourhood and beyond La-ma-miao. The best 
 camels' wool finds a market in Russia, where it is, amongst other uses, 
 employed for padding clothes, it being considered warmer than cotton. 
 The camels' wool exported from Tien-tsin is of a most inferior quality, 
 dirty, and plentifully mixed with hair; its value averages about 5 taels a 
 picul. The superior kind can be purchased in Mongolia at the rSte of 
 10 or 11 taels per picul. Many camels are kept for the sole purpose of 
 collecting the fleeces; the wool of those employed for travelling and 
 carrying burdens is of little or no value. A heavy fleece of a full-grown 
 camel will not generally exceed 5 catties in weight. They shed their 
 fleeces in spring. 
 
 La-ma-miao and Kuei-hua-cheng are the two great trading marts for 
 the Chinese and Mongolians. During the winter every place wears a 
 gloomy and dismal aspect ; the intense cold confines the people to their 
 homes, and all that can get away do so to some more favoured clime. 
 Early in spring, however, everything bursts into life. Merchants come 
 from all parts to traflic. Foreign and country goods are bartered away 
 for sheep, cattle, wools, &c. Brick tea is in great demand, being far more 
 sought after than money. Money is of little value to the Mongols : 
 their wants are few and easily supplied, being sparing and frugal in the 
 extreme, and, like most pastoral people, care little for the luxuries of life,^ 
 possibly from their ignorance of them. Simple and kind in their habits 
 and dispositions, the traveller will always find himself welcome in the 
 poorest encampment. The encampments seldom exceed 25 persons, 
 old and young. Their tents are of felt, of circular form, with a fire 
 on the ground in the centre, and a hole in the roof for the smoke 
 to escape. The dung of sheep, cattle, and horses found in the 
 prairies is the only fuel that is to be procured in Mongolia ; it gives very 
 little heat, and emits an odour far from agreeable. In each encampment 
 there is a certain number of Jjama priests. The Mongolian, if not a 
 soldier, is bound to a life of celibacy and priesthood, the proportion of 
 each being fixed by law and custom. 
 
 To see Mongolia to perfection it should be visited in either spring or 
 autumn. The climate is then magnificent, and the fine pastures are 
 covered with countless herds of sheep and cattle. Not a tree to be 
 seen, the eye wanders over almost unlimited space. The sky without a 
 cloud, and the air of that peculiar pure and buoyant character bo seldom 
 met with in any part of the world. I was reminded of the high lands in 
 Australia and California, compared to which no better climate can exist. 
 The plain of Mongolia, I should say, is between 4,000 to 5,000 feet above 
 the level of the sea. There are three passes into Mongolia from Tien- 
 tsin, — one by Chang-chia-k'ou, one by Tu-shih-k'ou, and the last by 
 Ku-pei-k'ou. Of these the first is the most easy, the second the most 
 difficult, and the third the largest and most picturesque. At Chang- 
 chia-k'ou, several Russians are established, carrying on a formidable trade 
 or rather forwarding agency. The merchant who wishes to proceed to 
 La-ma-miao from Tien-tsin always selects the Ku-pei-k'ou route, as the 
 most direct, but should his business call him to Kwei-hwa-cheng, he would 
 choose Ching-chia-k'ou. Either roaid can be travelled by cart, although 
 in some places it is very bad and rocky. Merchandise, however, is uni- 
 versally carried up and down on the backs of camels. Many hundreds of 
 these patient and useful animals may be met with every day. They travel 
 
32 cHurA. 
 
 much by night : they are not rapid in their movements, but persevermg 
 and uTOtiring. A strong laiden camel' eati travel' at the rate of about 60 li 
 for several successive days. Camels are fastened one to the other by a 
 cord passing from the pack of the leading camel to a ring throogfi the 
 nose of the one following in rear. In this way perhaps as many as twenty" 
 may be met with, one or two of them ridden by their keepers. A steady 
 old camel leads the way, and the rest follow with that peculiar stealthy- 
 noiseless step that scarcely gives notice of their approach. By moonlight, 
 if sach a caravan is met with, it has a singularly ghost-like appearance. 
 The price of camels vary from 20 to 30 taels each. Some of these 
 animals are very vicious in their habits, and are obliged to have their 
 mouths confined by nose bags to prevent them biting their keepers, but 
 these are exceptions. Jfe-h'o is a considerable place, about four days fi'om. 
 Peking, and of trade second only to La-ma-miao ; it is qiAe in the 
 mountainous country, surrounded by mountains of various heighrts and 
 peculiar shape, to several of which the Chinese attach peculiar significance, 
 ■and many a legend is told of them. From La-ma-miao, Je-h'o can be 
 reached in about seven days ; the whole distance is a gradual descent down 
 a mountain gap, which in spring or autumn must be of great beauty. 
 Je-h'o is famous for the Emperor's winter palace, and for its temples, all 
 built by the Emperor Chien-lung, said to be the finest in China, excepting^ 
 the Confucian ; their exterior is peculiar — a simple square of great size 
 with flat roofs. In the one I saw there was a figure of Budh upwards of 
 70 feet in height, exceeding that in Peldng in size, and covered with goH 
 without a flaw, though upwards of a 100 years old. The gold was said 
 to be nearly the thickness of a copper cash. I obtained admittance quite 
 by accident, for generally these temples are closed to the foreigner. In 
 winter the cold in Mongolia is so excessive, that strong spirit freezes ; it 
 has been seen hanging in icicles from a cart when a bottle chanced to be 
 broken. 
 
 Among the exports from Mongolia, mushrooms may be noted ; nearly 
 340 piculs left the port in 1864. They are esteemed a great delicacy, 
 and their price is far beyond the means of the poerer classes. 
 
 The total value of the Export Trade at this port since the establish? 
 ment of the foreign customs is as follows : — 
 
 Value of Exports, not indading Treasure. 
 
 H. taels. 
 1861.. .. .. 461,573 
 
 1862.. .. .. 40:7,491 
 
 1S63 .. ... .. 913,217 
 
 H. taels. 
 
 1864 1,710,786 
 
 1865 l,691,9fil 
 
 Total value of imports and exports during- tire same period : — 
 ToTAi Value, Treasure not iaeludad. 
 
 
 
 H. tads; 
 
 
 H. taels. 
 
 1861 . 
 
 ... 
 
 ... 5,475,6*4 
 
 1864 . 
 
 . . 9,376,208 
 
 1862 . 
 
 ... 
 
 .. 7,503,302 
 
 1S65> . 
 
 .. 13,344,353 
 
 1863 . 
 
 .. 
 
 „ 7,188,442 
 
 
 
 TREAstTRE Return. 
 
 Import of treasure- during the year IS 65,, from Slianghae and Taels. 
 
 Che-foo .. 129,900 
 
 Bsport of treasnre daring t&e year 1865, to Shangtae, Che-fijo, 
 
 and Hong Kong .. 3,671,641 
 
TiEN-rsiN. '83 
 
 Shipping. 
 
 The return of shipping ' for the last five years is very favourable, 
 -skowiiig a steady increase since 1 862,' as follows : — 
 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 . 
 
 1863 . 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 Ill 
 87 
 134 
 185 
 209 
 
 26,561 
 21,921 
 36,276 
 45,968 
 60,049 
 
 Of these, in 1865, 102 were British Vessels, 98 sundry, and 9 
 American. Of the British vessels, 67 were - steamers, all either f*om 
 Shanghae or 'Hong Kong. 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 The disadvantages of Tien-tsin as a port of tra:de are few, and could 
 be easily overcome. The bar at the entrance of the river is not a 
 dangerous one, but the excessive lowness of the land ^at Taku renders it 
 necessary to establish a lightship or beacon, of such ditnensions as to be 
 ' clearly visible from some considerable distance. The land from Tien-tsin 
 to Taku, a distance of some 37 miles, is nothing but an extensive 'alluvial 
 deposit, 'with ndt a hillock or mound of any description. At Taku the 
 land is so flat as to make it very' difficult for a Stranger to detect the 
 ■entrance to the river. There are two anchorages, an outer and an inner. 
 The outer anchorage extends'from the Customs' jnrikto three miles outside 
 the bar, seaward ; and the inner from Leang-chia-yuen on the south, to 
 the Customs' jetty, Tsze-chu-lin, on the noJth. The river from Taku to 
 Tien-tsin is not easily navigated, owing to its circuitous course. So 
 excessive is this,' that although the distance from Taku to T&2(e-chu-lin by 
 the road is only 34 miles, by water it is u'pwards of 60. Sailing vessels 
 •of or under 11 feet draught may find ■ suffieieilt water, and steamers of 
 11 feet 6 inches draught 'have been known to come to the settlement almost 
 without 'a check at the period of spring tides. The sailing vessels 
 frequenting the port are generally continental, lof a small handy 'build, 
 averaging about 210 tons. The trade in foreign goods, so long as 
 Shanghae is acknowledged as its emporium, must be entirely carried on by 
 ■steamers. The Chinese themselves have the greatest confidence in them, 
 and the passenger traffic is very large. The land route is almost entirely 
 abandoned now by all the Mandarins prffceefling siouth from Peking, "and. 
 scarcely a steamer -leaves the port but soime oSicial of i?ahk takes his 
 passage. 
 
 Another fertile caiise of mischief is the large junk trade carried on 
 
 between Tien-tsin ami the 'southern ports of Swatow, Amoy, &c. The 
 
 vessels employed in this trade, from their awkward build and great size, 
 
 are very di'ffi'cult to manage in a tideway, consequently collisions in the 
 
 river during 1865 have been very frequent. Stringent regulations Were 
 
 "drawn up by Mr. Consul Mongan, and published for the information of 
 
 •;the British Shipping Masters ; and H. E. Cbung-'Hou, the Superintendent 
 
 ■of Customs, did so likewise forthe Chinese junks, but the difficulties are 
 
 B'Ot overcome. Active measures should be taken to seciire that strict 
 
 '«9bedience be paid to these 'most salutary rules. Unforttfnately, the port 
 
 •of Ko-'iu, ■where all the soathern junks discharge theitcafg®, is situated 
 
 Mf^Jway between Taku aM Ts«e-chii-lin, at 'one of themostdiffifcHlt'bends 
 
34 CHINA. 
 
 of tlie river, and as many as 150 large junks of great height and size 
 arrive almost simultaneously about the end of July and beginning of 
 August, and do not leave much before the middle of October. These 
 vessels are sometimes moored 13 abreast, scarcely leaving room for a 
 steamer to pass. Collisions in cases such as this cannot well be avoided, 
 be the vessel ever so well handled. Rebellion being over now in Che- 
 kiang province, we may expect large fleets of grain junks every year. 
 This year, in the month of May, 40 arrived, and went crowded in a body 
 up to Tien-tsin, anchoring, in all parts of the river, making navigation 
 both diflacult and dangerous. Every year the number of these vessels is 
 likely to increase, and if the same system be continued the river will be 
 impassable. If only a certain number at a time were allowed to enter the 
 river for the purpose of discharging their grain, all this might be obviated. 
 Formerly, before the Yellow River had burst through its barriers, and 
 when the Grand Canal was in good order the whole way from Chinkiang 
 to Tien-tsin, all the southern grain junks found their way by the inland 
 route. Now the Grand Canal is no longer of the use for which it was at 
 first intended, and in future all grain from the south must pass inwards by 
 the sea route. Although this great work is in such a sadly dilapidated 
 Slate, still it is the real cause of Tien-tsin being such an important port. 
 At no other port in China, if we except Shanghae and possibly Canton, is 
 the water communication with the interior so good as at Tien-tsin ; up to 
 the month of June the canal is very shallow, passable only for small 
 boats, but when the Yellow River is swollen, and overflowing with the 
 melting of the snows in Thibet, meets with its tributary the canal at 
 Chang-chiu, in Shantung, the stream rapidly increases, until it is deep 
 enough in the month of July for large weight-carrying junks to proceed 
 far away into the interior. The whole distance from Tien-tsin to Lin- 
 tsing, 1000 li, is then covered with numbers of native craft of all sizes, 
 tracked against the stream, laden with foreign goods and southern pro- 
 duce. From Lin-tsing the Wei-h'o meets the canal, and connects it with 
 Ta-ming-foo and Honan. It is thus that the great Provinces of Honan, 
 Shansi, and Shensi are supplied, as also the inland portion of Shantung, 
 Tse-nan-foo, and Tung-chang-foo. This is the real cause why Tien-tsin 
 is likely to be possibly the greatest consumer of foreign manufactures in 
 China, as soon as the price of goods is cheap enough for the poorer classes 
 to purchase. 
 
 The export of raw cotton, if it continues as it has begun, will also be 
 a great source of prosperity to Chihli and to Tien-tsin, as it will put money 
 into the hands of the poor agricultural labourer, and enable him to purchase 
 in return the manufactured article. 
 
 The closing of the port during the winter months may be looked on 
 as one of the greatest disadvantages, and much the more so as it is beyond 
 human skill to surmount. The river, since we have been acquainted with 
 it, freezes over at Taku about the 10th December, and re-opens about 
 the 10th or 11th March. The river at Tsze-chu-lin is impassable for 
 cargo boats possibly 10 days earlier. During these three months the mail 
 reaches Tien-tsin with great uncertainty, as few steamers visit Che-foo, our 
 nearest port of communication during the winter. If a direct line was 
 opened between Chin-kiang and Tien-tsin by land, then there is no reason 
 why the mail should not be delivered every fortnight even in the midst of 
 winter. The distance from Chin-kiang to Tien-tsin can under ordinary 
 circumstances be traversed in 18 days ; if, therefore, the mail was forwarded 
 direct to some agent at Chin-kiang from Shanghae, the rest would be easy. 
 This latter route also, would not be so likely to be blocked up with snow 
 
CHE-FOO. 
 
 35 
 
 — the snow falling far more heavily in the Shantung Promontory than it 
 does farther inland. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 (Signed) WM. BAKER, 
 
 To Rohert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Che-foo for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office cf Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Chef 00, January 31, 1866. 
 
 I HAVE the honour to address to you the following remarks on the 
 trade of this port during 1865. The following figures will show its 
 value as compared with that for 1864: — 
 
 Imports. 
 
 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Value of goods imported from foreign countries, less re- 
 exports, and exclusive of opium and treasure . . 
 
 Value of opium imported from foreign countries, less re- 
 exports. . 
 
 Value of foreign goods imported from Chinese ports, less 
 re-exports, and exclusive of opium and treasure 
 
 Value of opium imported from Chinese ports, less re-exports 
 
 Value of native goods imported from Chinese ports less re- 
 exports. . 
 
 Taels. 
 
 800,274 
 
 51,376 
 
 972,835 
 1,518,423 
 
 1,178,482 
 
 Taels. 
 
 676,417 
 
 265,104 
 
 385,027 
 516,042 
 
 1,465,530 
 
 
 4,521,390 
 
 3,308,120 
 
 Exports. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Value of native goods exported to foreign countries 
 Value of native goods exported to Chinese ports . . 
 
 Taels. 
 535,065 
 1,993,941 
 
 Taels. 
 
 890,147 
 
 1,863,400 
 
 
 2,529,006 
 
 2,758,547 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Total imports . . 
 Total exports . . 
 
 Taels. 
 4,521,390 
 2,529,006 
 
 Taels. 
 3,308,120 
 2,758,547 
 
 Taels. 
 1,213,270 
 
 Taels. 
 229,541 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 7,050,396 
 
 6,066,667 
 
 1,213,270 
 
 229,541 
 
 A consideration of the above figures will show that the total value at 
 this port during 1865, exceeded that of 1864 by nearly 1 ,000,000 taels, 
 the value of imports showing an increase of about 1,200,000, — and that 
 of exports a decrease of about 200,000 taels ; such decrease having 
 been caused by the diminished value of exports to foreign countries, — 
 that of exports to Chinese ports being an improvement on 1864. 
 
 The object of stating separately the value of opium, is to call attention 
 to the large increase in the import of that drug by steamers from Shanghae 
 during the past year. 
 
 The total value of treasure imported during 1865 was 361,650 taels, 
 
36 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 and that of treasure exported during the same period 1,'209,376 taels. 
 The returns for 1864 having reported the treasure for a portion of 
 that year only, renders a comparison between the two years impracti- 
 cable. 
 
 Daring 1865 464 vessels entered this port, total tonnage . . . . 150,401 
 
 And 444 vessels left „ „ .... 143,571 
 
 Whilst in 1864 448 vessels entered „ . . . . 138,884 
 
 And 452 vessels cleared „ . . . . 140,565 
 Thus in 1865 there was an increase of 16 vessels entered,- and an 
 
 increased tonnage, of ,,. ,... ,,.v. .,,, ,. .. 11,517 
 
 And a decrease of 8 vessels cleared, but an increased tonnage of . . 3,006 
 
 Dhe total duties collected during 1865 amoanted to 
 And those collected Airing 1864 to . ... 
 
 H. taels m. c. c. 
 243,514 1 8 .2 
 228,920 6 7 
 
 14,593 5 1 2 
 
 Showing an increase in 1865 ,of . . 
 
 The following comparative statement shows the increase or decrease 
 of the principal articles of import during the year 1865 : — 
 
 Description 
 
 •of Goods. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Opium. 
 
 ... Piculs 
 
 3,686 35 
 
 1,401 
 
 1,285 35 
 
 
 Cottou piecei gooils . 
 
 ... Pieces ,... 
 
 847,243 
 
 .113,763 
 
 134,489 
 
 ... 
 
 "WooUens 
 
 ., 
 
 4;972 
 
 5,681 
 
 
 709 
 
 Sugar, ihrown . 
 
 '.'.'.. Piculs ". 
 
 '189,-935 73 
 
 199,480 6 
 
 ..* 
 
 69,550 33 
 
 „ white, . 
 
 „ .... 
 
 •4,9,786 85 
 
 68,349 46 
 
 
 18,483 81 
 
 „ candy- 
 
 J, 
 
 4,002 96 
 
 4,800 41 
 
 
 857 46 
 
 Seaweed 
 
 „ 
 
 41,4.34 43 
 
 6.668 48 
 
 34,765 94 
 
 
 Iron, bar 
 
 „ 
 
 7,855 '64 
 
 7,051 46 
 
 804 19 
 
 .... 
 
 „ nail rod 
 
 „ 
 
 ■4,7«7 13 
 
 6,773 65 
 
 ... 
 
 1,976 52 
 
 .Lead 
 
 „ 
 
 9.875 15 
 
 6,398 43 
 
 1,476 72 
 
 
 Lead, white 
 
 „ 
 
 i;674 19 
 
 6,310 28 
 
 
 •4,536 9 
 
 Needles 
 
 ... Pieces 
 
 36,316i000 
 
 1,63S,«00 
 
 34,683,800 
 
 «. 
 
 Sapaa wocxd 
 
 ... Piculs 
 
 31,755 13 
 
 3,839 37 
 
 18,915 81 
 
 ... 
 
 Paper, Sad quality . 
 
 „ 
 
 17,783 83 
 
 33,093 31 
 
 
 15,308 38 
 
 Tin 
 
 ... „ 
 
 1,168 35 
 
 448 58 
 
 719 77 
 
 
 The above table shows an increase in the import of opium, cotton 
 piece .goods, seaweed, bar iron, lead, tin, sapanwood, and needles ; and a 
 decrease in that of woollens, brown and white sugar, sugar candy, nail 
 rod iron, white lead, and coarse paper. 
 
 The reason of the much increased demand for foreign opium, is stated 
 to be the recent prohibition of the cultivation of the poppy in Shansi, 
 in which province la large quantity of native opium has been hitherto 
 produced. 
 
 The large increase in the import of foreigfn cotton ^ods, is stated to 
 Itave partly resulted from the disturbances caused by rebels having 
 interfered , with the manufacture of i native cotton goods which are largely 
 used in this province. 
 
 Th«re appears to be aioonstantly increasing demand for seaweed .as^an 
 •article of ifood in this part of China, and the trade in Japan seaweed 
 (hitherto much used here), has been considerably effected, and seems 
 likely to be still more so, by the introduction of seaweed shipped at the 
 'Jlussian ports on the coast cif Manchuria from four vessels having arrived 
 here from Poissiet and two from Vladivostock (or Port May) during the 
 'j)ast year, bringing together nearly 18,000 piculs of that urticle which 
 'has been sold at a lower price than, and is said to be preferred to, that 
 from Japan. ' 
 
 Foreign goods, partiiciilarly white shirtings, American drills, sapanwood, 
 pig lead, tin, and needles, are. now. shipped in junks here for Corea, which 
 ■will account in a great measure for the increased demand for those articles. 
 The goods on arrival in Coi-ea are there bartered for ginseng, timber, 
 and paper, which form a return cargo for the juriks to this port. 
 
37 
 
 The decrease fa tlie import of white and bro-wn sugar and sugar candy, 
 is accounted for partly by increased transit dues in this province, but more 
 especially by the high prices resuffingfrom the plantations in the vicinity 
 of Swatow having been much injured by inundations and from the 
 cultivation of the sugar cane in the neighbourhood of Amoy having- been 
 interfered with by like pi-esence of rebels. 
 
 The large decrease in the import of white lead is accounted for by 
 the fact that it is now manufactured in this province. 
 
 From the following statement may be seen the increase or decrease of 
 the pTincipal articles of export during 1865, as compared with 1864 : — ■ 
 
 Uescription of Goods. 
 
 Mes. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Beau cake, Che-foo . ... Piculs 
 
 „ Newcliwan!! — „ 
 Cotton „ „ ..„ „ 
 
 Silk, pongees „ 
 
 „ rmr „. ... „. „ 
 
 Peas 
 
 Wheat ', 
 
 Medicines „, 
 
 Dates , 
 
 Tobacco, prepares „ 
 
 VermiceUi „ 
 
 Melon seeds „ 
 
 765,063 98 
 
 1,373 
 
 19.141 93 
 
 341 87 
 
 61 85 
 
 470,471 44 
 
 69,538 95 
 
 1636 83 
 
 34,073 75 
 
 733 11 
 
 31,378 13 
 
 5,768 20 
 
 616,297 69 
 
 23,963 96 
 
 «lj805 3 
 
 183 53 
 
 651,698 77 
 14,240 54 
 
 7,943 63 ■ 
 31,539 76 
 
 1,7«5 96 
 34,313 75 
 
 1,933 '94 
 
 139,766 39 
 
 137 84 
 61 85 
 
 45,298 41 ' 
 
 3,643 99 
 
 7,064 37 
 3,834 36 
 
 22j681 95 
 43,663 U 
 
 180,627 33 
 1 J46 80 
 31,033 85 
 
 The above table shows an increase in the ex.port of Chefoo bean 
 cakes, silk pongees, raw silk, dates, melon seeds, wheat, and vermicelli ; 
 and a decrease in that of Newchang bean cakes, cotton, tobacco, and 
 ■medicines. 
 
 The bean cakes made at Chefoo are much superior to those from 
 Newchang, which may account for the increased export' of the former 
 and the decrease in the export of tlie latter. There has been a decrease 
 in the receipts here of peas from Newchang during the past year, which 
 is most generally accounted for by the shortness of the crops in that part 
 of China. A growing aversion, on the part of Chinese merchants to ship 
 peas and bean cake in foreign bottoms for Shanghae is remarked here, 
 and large quantities are now shipped for that porl in native craft. 
 This appears to have been caused by a proclamation issued at Shanghae 
 during 1865. 
 
 Tlie decrease in the export of cotton is doubtless owing, in a great 
 measure, to the recent important political events in America, by which 
 the demand for Chinese and Indian cotton in England wilt have con- 
 siderably lessened, besides which, Tientsin would appear to offer a better 
 market for this article of commerce, from the less expensive nature of 
 "the transit to that port. 
 
 A considerable portion of the goods imported here is caTried by juffks 
 to the Ta Tsing Ho, not far from the mouth of which river a transhipment 
 takes place to native vessels of lighter draught, which convey them to 
 many mai-ts in the interior, amongst the most important of wbich may be 
 mentioned Tsi-nan-fu, Tung-chang-fu, Yen-chou-fii, Tsao-ehou-fu, Tung- 
 ping-chan, and even as far as Ta-ming-fu, in the province of Chih-li. 
 
 This information has been kindly furnished by a gentleman who has 
 recently travelled from Peking by the Grand Cana! to a point south o£ 
 Tirag-chang-fu, with the commercial impoa-tance of which city he was 
 much impressed, as also with the fac'lity of water commuriication in and 
 between this and adjacent provinces. 'Goods from the interior are also 
 IjTought to this port by the means above described. 
 
 The transhipment takes place at a point near Li-tsin-hsien, aibont 
 twelve miles distant from the mouth of the Ta Tsingr Ko, at wftidi 
 
38 CHIIS'A. 
 
 there is a Chinese custom-house levying dues, known as the Ti'eh-mSn- 
 kwan. 
 
 The rates of freight hence to the coast ports south of this, have, on 
 the whole, been lower than during 1864. In 1865, they appear to have 
 reached their highest point in March, April, and May, but in the three 
 following months there was comparatively small employment for foreign 
 vessels. Several charters of foreign vessels have been entered into by 
 Chinese merchants here; and the remark made in the Customs report of 
 the trade of this port during 1864, to the effect that the bulk of that 
 trade has been in the hands of Chinese merchants, is equally applicable 
 to the year which has passed away. 
 
 The want of rain during the summer months by which the wheat 
 harvest was much affected, the succeeding unusually heavy rains in the 
 autumn, by which the crops of millet and Indian corn also suffered, and 
 the presence of Nien-Fei or local rebels in certain districts, may reasonably 
 be supposed to have exercised an influence unfavourable to trade in this 
 province during the past year. 
 
 Since the closing of the P'ei-Ho, cotton has been brought here from 
 the province of Chih-li both by mules and camels, which have returned 
 laden with sugar, shirtings, and general merchandize. 
 
 The concession made during last year by the Chinese Government, in 
 allowing foreign vessels, having paid tonnage dues in China, to trade to 
 the open ports in Japan, and to return within four months of such 
 payment to any of the open ports in China without prejudice to the 
 tonnage dues certificates, must be looked upon as particularly beneficial to 
 this port, from its trade with, and proximity to, that'country. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) T. G. LUSON, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Hankow for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Hankow, January 31, 1866. 
 
 I BEG to submit for your consideration the subjoined report on trade 
 at this port during the past year. 
 
 lm,ports. 
 
 The total value of the import trade of Hankow during 1865, — that of 
 re-exports and treasures not included", — ^is 10,623,634 taels, of which 
 amount 8,445,545 taels represent foreign, and 2,178,089 taels, native 
 produce. 
 
 Treasure to the value of 1,047,934 taels, has been received here, 
 against 3,202,950 taels exported, owing to the great improvement in the 
 quality of the Hankow Sycee since the establishment of a Kung-ku and 
 to the rate of exchange on Shanghae having ranged very low, at least a 
 third of the amount exported left this during the last quarter of 1865. 
 The high standard of our Sycee has led to much larger quantities being 
 circulated up country, and to this may be attributed the falling off of 
 150,368 piculs, say 1,804,416 taels, in the importation of copper cash, — 
 a rise in the price of this article at Chinkiang, none having been required 
 as in 1864, for the purchase of cotton, — and a short tea crop, have also 
 caused this decrease. 
 
iIA^•KO■'■V, 
 
 39 
 
 The following table shows the quantities of the principal imports 
 during the years 1863, 1864, and 1865: 
 
 Goods. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Camlets 
 
 . Pieces 
 
 17,675 
 
 23,049 
 
 34,869 
 
 Drills 
 
 )» 
 
 50,709 
 
 26,989 
 
 31,209 
 
 Lastings 
 
 • jj 
 
 7,507 
 
 9,568 
 
 12,563 
 
 Long ells . . 
 
 „ • 
 
 82,576 
 
 92,569 
 
 111,376 
 
 Opium 
 
 . Piculs 
 
 1,466 
 
 2,018 
 
 3,485 
 
 Pepper, black 
 
 • 11 ' 
 
 24,486 
 
 20,320 
 
 26,893 
 
 Seaweed, Japanese . 
 
 ■ • ,, • 
 
 80,488 
 
 115,655 
 
 62,353 
 
 Shirtings, dyed 
 
 . Pieces , 
 
 2,300 
 
 5,134 
 
 6,855 
 
 „ figured . 
 
 11 • 
 
 12,464 
 
 13,746 
 
 3,825 
 
 ., g«y • ■ 
 
 
 227,139 
 
 150,480 
 
 379,366 
 
 ,, white .. 
 
 ■ • ,, ■ 
 
 57,854 
 
 39,359 
 
 60,999 
 
 Silk piece goods . . 
 
 . Piculs 
 
 ■ 758 
 
 1,009 
 
 1,351 
 
 Spanish stripes 
 
 . . Pieces 
 
 23,752 
 
 22,185 
 
 20,661 
 
 Sugar 
 
 . Piculs 
 
 153,353 
 
 153,486 
 
 136,793 
 
 r- cloths .. 
 
 .. Pieces 
 
 86,431 
 
 64,348 
 
 62,191 
 
 It will be seen on examining the foregoing table; that the hopes 
 regarding the steady increase of the consumption of foreign piece goods 
 so confidently entertained by those who had watched this port from its 
 opening, have been fully realized. A peculiar feature of this branch of 
 the import trade of 1865, is the purchase, by foreigners, for re-exportation 
 to Shanghae, of about 12,000 pieces grey shirtings, consequent on the 
 rise in the price of this article in England affecting that market. This 
 stock was in the hands of native dealers who knew little or nothing of 
 the operations of foreign markets and they readily parted witii it as the 
 non-credit system had had the effect of obstructing the ordinary course of 
 trade, dealers not being willing to part with their money to purchase 
 goods requiring some time to realize ; they must necessarily yield in 
 the end, as they were obliged to do when cotton piece goods rose in value 
 in 1864 ; the previous year they had been accustomed to pay 2 taels 
 5 mace per piece for shirtings, of which they now take a larger supply at 
 4 taels, and 4 taels 5 mace. The Chinese are now using considerable 
 quantities of cloth, more particularly the kind known as medium ; in 
 1864, only 6,243 pieces of broad, Russian, and medium cloth were 
 imported, whilst in 1865 this market consumed 9,842 pieces. It is 
 worthy of notice that, notwithstanding the much higher rate of cost, 
 the consumption of both woollen and cotton goods has increased about 
 50 per cent. 
 
 The demand for foreign opium is assuming yearly larger proportions ; 
 the Chinese authoiities have prohibited the cultivation of the poppy in 
 the Shansi and Sze-chuen province ; first-class malwa fetched as high as 
 810 taels per picul in December last, the quantity on hand being very 
 small. 
 
 The decrease in the importation of seaweed must be attributed to the 
 large quantities brought here during 1864; at the commencement of last 
 year stocks were reported as being very heavy. 
 
 In black pepper a brisk business has been done throughout the year at 
 an average of 6 taels 8 mace per picul. The Sze-chuen merchants 
 having been unable to return in timfe for their autumn purchases, this 
 article did not rise in price as is usual at that period. 
 
 The importation of sugar has fallen off, as very heavy stocks were 
 held at the end of 1864, and in consequence of supplies arriving from 
 Sze-chuen which are offered at 3 taels per picul, whereas from 4 to 5 taels 
 are demanded for other sugars. 
 
40 
 
 CHIJTA. 
 
 Silk piece goods, chiefly from Hu-Chao in tlie Che-kiang province, 
 have been in good request throughout the year, and show an increase of 
 some 300 piculs over 1864. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 The total value of the export trade of Hankow during the paistt year 
 is 12,S85,231 taels, of which 2,054,694 taels were sent to Great Britain 
 direct. Owing ia a greait measure to the deficient tea crop, 1865 shows 
 a falling off of 763,082 taels as compared with 1864, and we would 
 req^uire to add 56,677 taels to our export values to equal the total cf 
 1»63. 
 
 (xoods. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Chaccoal . . , . . . Ficiils 
 
 Coal. „ ' . 
 
 Copper .. .. .. » 
 
 CoctoQ. . . . . . . ,9 
 
 Fireworks .. . . .^ ^ 
 
 Fungus ... .. .. ,, 
 
 Gall nuts . . . . . . „ 
 
 Grass cloth . . . .. „. 
 
 Hemp .. .. ,., „- 
 
 Lotus nuts . .. .. ,, 
 
 Medidne .. .. .. ,, 
 
 Nankeens .. .. •• ,i, 
 
 OU „ 
 
 Paper .. .. .. ,, 
 
 Planks . . . . . . Sqnare feet 
 
 Poles . . . . . . Pieces 
 
 Khubarb .. .. .. Piculs 
 
 Safflower , . . . . . ,, 
 
 Silk, yellow. , .. .. ,, 
 
 Tallow, vegetable . . .. „. 
 
 Tea „ 
 
 „ brick .. .. .. ,, .. 
 
 „ dust ,. .. ■■ „ >- 
 
 Tobacco, leaf .. .. ,, 
 
 „ prepared . ... „ 
 
 Varnish . . . . . . „ 
 
 Wa*, veg^tablte .. .. ,, . 
 
 93,113 
 
 172,262 
 
 2,814 
 
 9,787 
 
 5,451 
 
 4,836 
 
 7,885 
 
 401 
 
 28,784 
 
 3,044 
 
 45,635 
 
 548 
 
 98,295 
 
 40,457 
 
 1,187,91.9 
 
 935,139 
 
 8,326 
 
 5,579 
 
 501 
 
 44,243 
 
 272,922 
 
 32,072 
 
 131 
 
 25,634 
 
 30,377 
 
 1,704 
 
 1,,746 
 
 67,614 
 
 117,419 
 1,789 
 
 30,475 
 
 941 
 
 7,085 
 
 7,369 
 
 1,148 
 
 33,026 
 4,539 
 
 31,616 
 1,115 
 
 92,952 
 
 37,070 
 
 1,720,801 
 
 1,170,526 
 
 9,413 
 
 1,494 
 
 427 
 
 36,561 
 279,770 
 
 12,167 
 5,288 
 
 20,873 
 
 34,752 
 2,325 
 4,033 
 
 52,510 
 
 78,978 
 410 
 
 '5,456 
 7,075 
 4,890 
 1,107 
 
 38,464 
 4,216 
 
 32,232 
 
 1,940 
 
 173,796 
 
 35,345 
 
 3o6,659!' 
 
 246,962 
 
 5,786 
 
 2,368 
 
 1,746 
 
 45,542 
 252,599 
 
 14,583 
 1,731 
 
 23,063 
 
 44,409 
 3,798 
 3,210 
 
 The above table will suffice to- indicate the fluctuations which hav.e 
 taken place- during the past three years in the amounts of the chief 
 articles of export from Hankow. Regarding most of these changes I 
 would merely remark, that it is impossible to account for them satis- 
 factorily in the absence of reliable native information with respect to 
 markets. As an instance of this, I need only mention the fact that 
 native dealers coraplaia of having sustained a. loss of 30 per cent, on all 
 their transactions in medicine during 1864, and of other markets bfiing 
 overstocked, yet the ii-etums for last year show a slight increase in the 
 quantity exported. 
 
 The decrease in the export of coal — all of which is, in fact, used by 
 steamers running on the riiver — is due to an attempt on the part of native 
 holders to exact an exorbitant price at a time when the supply was 
 inadequate to the demand ;. foreign<joal being just then cheap at Shanghae, 
 whence export cargoes for the river ports were not heavy at the time, 
 steamers took sufficient coal for the round trip, and for several months no 
 Hankow coal was called for by these vessels. Since then, however, the 
 energy of a French mertfbant at this port and his personal researches 
 among the coal districts, have ^resulted in his furnishing a superior article 
 
HANKDW^ 41 
 
 an4,in his succeeding, in keeping, a lavge stocki alwaj^s oahand. Although, 
 upj.toithe p.resenttitne, the Hunan mines are not woj-ked,, to. any con- 
 siderable depthj, yet, assays made b5r a sciejitifiic. French, g«ntl.etnan, who 
 lately visited this port, show that the best quality of coal contains 
 35, per cent, of volatile matter and 65. per cent., of coke;, whilst the 
 inferior kind yields 27 percent, of the former and 73 per cent, of the, 
 latter. Lab'uan coal from an 1 1 feet seam, assayed in England, gave 
 ahout the same results' as this second quality. Hunan coal, viz.,, 2,6'44 
 per, cent, of volatile matter ;. consequently, .Hankow need not fear a rival 
 from, that quarter, and it is, to. he hoped that the establishment of i gas 
 companies at Shanghae may lead to a demand which cannot fall to give* 
 inereased. vigour ta tiiis.im,p[ortant, article of the export trade of this port. 
 
 The disturbed . state, of i unTuan, whence our supplies are drawn, has 
 prevented any quantity from arriving during the past year. 
 
 Our cotton' market has resumed its normal state as a consumerj , in 
 lieu of an expoiter, as, by reference,, to the returns,; it will, be seen that 
 3,504 ipiouls have been received, from Shanghai, which have been sold at 
 aboui 18 taels pertpicul.. The, bulk of thisi business has been carried, 
 on,b.y , Chinese,, generally, speaking,, natives, of Ningpo established here. 
 
 Gall. nuts, showia.deficiency, as compan-ed, with: 1864,. of some 2,500 
 piculs, consequent, I believe,, on the, overstocked, state of the Shanghae. 
 mju'ket.. 1,425 piculs were. sent, to, Great, Britain, , against 33.6 piculs. 
 shipped during 1864. 
 
 Wihilst.the exports of oil and, vegetable tallow to Chinkiang and^ 
 Shanghae were limited, to moderate quantities, as was the case, during: the, 
 first: semester of. 1865, , these, goodss showed a favourable margin, hut, 
 large quantities having been shipped off during the sacond half-year, the. 
 markets.at both the above ports beoanae, glutted, folio Wicd, by. the natural 
 coosequences., 
 
 The quantity of : planlcs and. poles dispatched in 1864, shows a far. 
 higher figure than that of last, year,;, 102 rafts, to say nothing of the 
 timfeer carried down by jifinks, left this in 1864, whereas, in 18.6,5,. only, 
 26 were: cleared. . The manner in which this trade was carried on 
 (vide Mr. Macphersou's , Report on: trade for 1S64),. was found, to; give. 
 risetto„SD many difficulties betweea natives and . foreigners, , that it . has. 
 been almost entirely abandoned by the latter, and,, consequently, this 
 traffic conies but seldom under the cognizance of the., foreign customr 
 house. 
 
 The export of rhubarb to Shangh.ae,has feUen, off considerably; it is^ 
 reported that stocks are very largie both' at that port and, in Japan. 
 Merchants complain that thekind destined for the latter country, costing, 
 hereabout 4,taels per picul, latours under the disadvantage of paying nearly, 
 32..per cent, duty; of the betteic qiKilities which are taken for America.and. 
 Europe, supplies have been: very short, owing to the presence, of the 
 Hui-£ei in the Shensi provinces. 6,1 > piculs . 50 mace have been, shipped,, 
 direct, to Great. Britain. 
 
 SafBower, in spite, of its having advanced 5,0 per cent., in: value, has. 
 proved so, remunerativ©,. that .ife, has increased, its figure on th« returns 
 874 piculs as compared with 1864, though it still falls far short of the 
 quantity, exported in, ];863. This article,, the growth of. the Sae-chuen 
 pBovincBi, whence,, via, Hankow and Shanghae, .it furnishes, the, dyers of 
 China with a fine red colour, varies very considerably in cost according 
 to quality; some being worth as much. as IBOtaels, some as little ss 
 40taels per picul. 
 
 Sze-chuen yellow, silk, has attained, tol,746,piculs^during the past year, 
 or;four times the: amount exported, in. 1854. The crop has been small, in 
 
42 CHINA. 
 
 the Hu-chao district, and silkmen have sold but little in this market, 
 preferring to send their supply to Shanghae. An average price of about 
 280 taels per picul has ruled at this port where the first of the crop 
 arrives in June. 
 
 It is reported that native shippers of tobacco have been losers to a 
 large extent during the past year, due principally to the rash speculations 
 of Cantonese buyers at long credits. 
 
 Varnish has shown a steady increase since 1863. A considerable 
 quantity finds its way from Shanghae to Ningpo and Foochow, and 
 Chin-kiang takes a good deal for the consumption of the Kian-su and 
 Kiang-nan provinces. 
 
 Vegetable wax has fallen off some 800 piculs, consequent upon short 
 arrivals from Sze-chuen ; it has risen over 1 00 per cent, in price, being 
 now worth 140 taels per picul. 
 
 Contrary 1o general expectation, the teas of last year's crop which 
 have already arrived in England, have proved highly remunerative; it 
 remains to be seen, however, whether later purchases, more particularly 
 those made when news reached us in June of the reduction of 6d. per 
 pound duty in England, will prove equally advantageous. The impression 
 here, is, that had foreign 'merchants taken into consideration that the 
 losses experienced in 1864 by Chinese speculators in this article, had 
 induced most of them to withdraw their capital from this class of 
 operations to invest in the salt trade, they would not perhaps have shown 
 so much haste in opening the tea market of 1 865 ; a little further delay 
 would, it is thought, have resulted in the first chops being laid down in 
 England at somewhat less than 2s. S^d. per pound, which was the price 
 actually paid. There is no doubt but that native tea dealers have every 
 reason to be content with the result of last season's operations, and that 
 their only regret is that the revolt of the troops at Yang-lin rendered it 
 impossible to pick a large quantity of tea in that neighbourhood, which 
 they were thus prevented from bringing to a good market. To this 
 circumstance is due, in a great measure, the fact of the tea crop falling 
 short some 27,000 piculs. During the past year 77,099 piculs were 
 shipped direct to London, — nearly double the quantity sent in 1864, and 
 treble that of 1863. These figures speak for themselves and need no 
 commentary on my part to evince to the reader the advisability of this 
 mode of conveyance. 
 
 Brick tea has augmented its figure on the returns to the extent of 
 2,416 piculs, as an increased demand and higher prices have reigned in the 
 Siberian and Russian markets during the present year, more especially for 
 black kinds. No green brick tea was, I believe, forwarded last season. 
 At the latter end of 1864 the Russian Government prohibited the 
 importation of brick tea by the western frontier, and this has contributed 
 greatly to throw this trade into the hands of the agents at this port of the 
 Kiachta merchants. They purchase the leaf, dust, &c., from the Chinese, 
 and, by manufacturing the brick tea themselves, they are able to offer an 
 article, equal to the native product, at a cheaper rate. Brick tea is sent 
 hence to Tientsin, via Shanghae, and from the former port, overland, to 
 the Kiachta and other markets. 
 
 Certain unfavourable circumstances have resulted in the decrease 
 of 3,510 piculs in the export of tea dust, as compared with that of 
 1864. 
 
 Shipping. 
 
 59,744 tons of British shipping arrived at Hankow during 1864; the 
 past year shows a total of 90,758, or an increase of 31,014 tons; against 
 
HANKOW. 
 
 43 
 
 62,879 tons which left here in 1864, we have 92,905 tons, or an increase 
 of 30,026 tons, cleared in 1865. This addition to the British tonnage is 
 represented hy several voyages made by a steamer of 2,886 tons, which 
 this year joined our river fleet, and by the arrival of 12 British sailing 
 vessels measuring 8,641 tons against 8, whose total tonnage was 6,199 
 tons, in 1 864 ; these were induced to come up here to load for London 
 direct, in spite of the heavy expense of towage, and although the rate of 
 freight was not much more remunerative than at Shanghae, for the sake 
 of ensuring the quick dispatch which they could not hope for at the latter 
 port. Those vessels, which left with the first teas, obtained from 51. 10s. 
 to 51. 15*. per ton ; subsequently the rate declined from 4l. lOs. to as low 
 as 2Z. 10*. One British steamer, of 204 tons, loaded here for Tientsin 
 direct. At present only two Bi-itish steamers, measuring together 2,133 
 tons, are running regularly between this and Shanghae, one of 610 tons 
 extends her voyage to Niugpo. 
 
 The tonnage of American vessels which arrived at this port during 
 
 1864, was 143,649 tons, whilst in 1865 it was only 120,630 tons; the 
 tonnage cleared at Hankow in 1864 was 150,382 tons, against 123,924 in 
 
 1865. This decrease in American tonnage is due to the fact of two 
 steamers having been withdrawn for service on the Canton river, and to 
 the falling off of 3,867 in American junks. Six American steamers 
 are now running under the river pass system whose total tonnage is 
 4,243 tons. 
 
 224 round voyages were performed by American and British river 
 pass steamers during the past year, bringing to Hankow 60,926 tons of 
 cargo and 6,692 passengers, and taking away 97,050 tons of cargo and 
 5,551 passengers. The above figures are only approximative, as, in many 
 instances. I have been unable, owing to changes of ownership, &c., to 
 ascertain the exact amount of carrying performed by each steamer ; nor 
 do they include the opium, silk, or silk piece goods on which freight is not 
 levied by the ton; these goods may be calculated as 1,000 tons more, 
 and in the list of passengers should be computed those who pay their 
 passages when on board the steamers, for whom a third of the totals 
 already mentioned might be added without fear of exaggerating the actual 
 amount of passenger traffic on the river. If we take the average of the 
 rate of freight during the past year at 3 taels, 3 mace, and 3 candarines 
 per ton, we find that a sum of over 526,000 taels (about 4'792 per cent, 
 on the total value) has been paid for the carrying requirements of the 
 import, export, and re-export trade of Hankow in 1865. 
 
 But few lorchas continue on the river owing to the average rate of 
 freight by steamers having been very moderate, and to the regular trips of 
 a steamer between this and Ningpo, via Shanghae, having nearly put an 
 end to shipments by craft of the lorcha description. 21 British, 
 4 American, and 3 French, in all 28 lorchas, representing 3,154 tons, 
 left this port in 1865 ; but in the previous year 53 vessels of this class, in 
 all 7,585 tons, cleared from Hankow. 
 
 The junk business has also suffered from similar causes, as will be 
 seen from the following figures : — 
 
 
 Cleared in 
 1864. 
 
 Cleared in 
 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 British junlcs 
 American ditto . . 
 French ditto 
 
 44 
 73 
 
 8 
 
 2,476 
 
 4,864 
 
 395 
 
 39 
 51 
 13 
 
 2,263 
 
 3,867 
 
 745 
 
 "5 
 
 350 
 
 5 
 22 
 
 213 
 997 
 
 [167] 
 
44 CHINA. 
 
 The French Sag has not yet floated in these waters over larger craft 
 than lorohas and junks, nor does it appear probable that it will do so until 
 that nation can compete with the English in cotton manufactures to ex- 
 change for Chinese produce. The consumption of tea in France is insig- 
 nificant; and as the French merchant has to pay cash— not resulting, as is 
 the case with the English and American trader, from returns for sales of 
 import-i — he prefers, in most instances, buying silk in the London market, 
 to risking the speculation involved in purchasing in China. 
 
 About one -sixth of the total number of foreign piece goods imported 
 •during 1864 was sent to the interior under transit pass. Merchants 
 have availed themselves of this system during 1865 to the extent of one 
 fifth; in the latter year 177,316 pieces, against 57,300 in 1864, were 
 transported in this manner to the inland markets. Tea of all descriptions, 
 -to the extent of 29,706 piculs, were brought last year to this port under 
 ithe protection of transit passes ; whilst in 1864, 56,253 piculs, and in 
 1863, 55,450 piculs reached here under similar conditions. This diminu- 
 tion is due to the unsatisfactory results of previous years' operations in 
 contract teas, many of the principal houses declining to enter into further 
 ventures of this nature, on the ground that they hive not sufficient control 
 •over, or guarantee for, the hondjides of the native contractor. 
 
 Although Hankow has every reason to congratulate itself on the result 
 ■of the import trade of the past year, yet we have to note many and serious 
 drawbacks to the successful outturn of native enterprize. The unsatis- 
 factory results of the tea speculations of 1863-64 deterred many foreign 
 houses from undertaking operations on any extensive scale. Some of 
 the oldest and best established firms found that two previous years of 
 -uusuccessful business had brought their affairs to an unfortunate climax, 
 •and their time-honoured names have disappeared from amongst us. Com- 
 'pradors were found to have been speculating to a ruinous extent, chiefly 
 with their employers' capital, and the prices they had nominally given to 
 •obtain goods at long credits, and the sacrifices they made in order to raise 
 fiinds, vitally damaged, the legitimate trader. It became absolutely neces- 
 sary to do away with the credit system, of which, it was fully proved,, the 
 •compradors reaped the entire benefit, and the consequence was a temporary 
 cessation of trade during the latter part of the year. This measure will, 
 however, it is confidently anticipated, induce native capitalists to inaugurate 
 a new system of commercial relations with foreigners : this applies more 
 especially to Shansi dealers, who have hitherto held back, in consequence 
 >of seeing that long credits placed petty merchants on the same footing with 
 \4hemselves. The river Yang-tzu overflowed its banks four leagues, 
 rendering its navigation extremely dangerous, and entailing great loss of 
 time to the merchants from up the river, who, after making their purchases 
 here, found it almost impossible to reach their homes, so strong was the 
 current, and so diffi^cult the return voyage ; and many junks, filled with 
 valuable Sze-chuen produce, were wrecked on their downward passaee. To 
 the loss of a considerable portion of the tea. crop I have alresidy alluded in 
 my remarks on that article. 
 
 All these sinister circumstances unite to form the dark cloud which 
 has overshadowed the native: commerce of Hankow during the past year. 
 Notwithstanding, the Revenue Returns show that had the crop of tea 
 Teached to a level with that of 1864, the duties would have exceeded those 
 of that year — after deducting the half duty on tea, which is no longer 
 levied — by 13,000 taels, paid on general exports shipped by Chinese 
 merchants, into whose hands this class of operations is gradually being 
 concentrated. This must continue to be the case until foreign merchants 
 ■can come into immediate contact with original holders, and so do away with 
 
KIU-KIANG. 45 
 
 the commissions and squeezes to which they are subjected ; thus adding so 
 considerably to their already heavy expenses, that it is impossible for them 
 to compete successfully with the native shipper whose charges account is 
 but trifling. 
 
 Taking into consideration the untoward circumstances which I have 
 recapitulated, Hankow has, I think, every right to be proud of the com- 
 mercial annals of the past year, were it only for having so extensively 
 promulgated a knowledge of the appropriateness of foreign products to the 
 wants of a numerous inland population, thus carrying out a portion of its 
 allotted work, as one of the outposts of European civilization. A great 
 storm has been successfully weathered, and we have every reason to expect 
 that a trade, which has flourished and increased during the tempest, will 
 continue so to do during the anticipated calm of 1866. It may not be out 
 of place to remind foreigners that here they have not yet attained the posi- 
 tion of their countrymen in the south, but that they are still in old China, 
 where they are comparatively little known or appreciated, excepting by a 
 class whose interest it is to keep them isolated from the mass of the 
 population. A closer intercourse with the natives would, I am convinced, 
 have the beneficial efi^ect of reconciling them to their new acquaintances, 
 and could not but re-act favourably upon commercial relations between 
 Chinese and foreigners. 
 
 As I write, a fresih blov/ is being dealt to our commercial welfare, by 
 the appearance, almost at our gates, of Nien-fei and revolted braves, who 
 are kept at bay by the energetic measures adopted for their reception should 
 they venture to carry out their threat of attacking this city. It is to be 
 hoped that, after the Chinese festivals, the robber bands will retire as 
 usual, and the soldiers be appeased, leaving us to resume our wonted 
 labours at, I sincerely trust, the dawn of a year of greater prosperity both 
 for native and foreign commerce. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 (Signed) RICHARD W. HALKETT, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Assistant in, Charge. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs^. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port oj Kiu-Mang for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 
 Kiu-kiang, January 11, 1866. 
 
 Imports, 
 
 Notwithstanding the depressed state of foreign commerce, the 
 value of the import trade, for the year 1865, exceeds that of either of the 
 two preceding years :, thus, in 1863, the value was estimated at 
 3,057,568 taels; while, in 1864, it had decreased to 3,041,100 taels; 
 whereas for the past year,, it reaches 3,251,610 taels. 
 
 The following Table will exhibit some of the principal articles of 
 import, with theit quantities and values : — 
 
 £ 2 
 
46 CHINA. 
 
 Comparative Table of some of the Principal Articles of Import. 
 
 
 1^^ 
 
 Tear 1863. 
 
 Year 1864. 
 
 Year 1366. 
 
 Description of 
 Goods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 u 3 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 Camlets 
 
 Pieces 
 
 i,m 
 
 10,049 
 
 3,910 
 
 18,633 2 
 
 4.231 
 
 29.443 
 
 Chintzes 
 
 » 
 
 4.S66 
 
 10,691 1 
 
 3,376 
 
 7,137 6 
 
 6,931 
 
 16,694 8 
 
 HaDdkerchiefs, cot- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ton 
 
 Dozen 
 
 S,4S0 
 
 2,622 
 
 8,966 
 
 6,814 1 
 
 11.798 
 
 8.3S8 6 
 
 Lastinga 
 
 Pieces 
 
 888 
 
 13,068 
 
 1,546 
 
 36,588 
 
 3.075 
 
 30.150 
 
 lead 
 
 Piculs 
 
 3,862 66 
 
 23,948 5 
 
 5,511 93 
 
 27,538 4 
 
 5.797 37 
 
 39,069 
 
 Long ells 
 
 Pieces 
 
 9,390 
 
 78,876 
 
 17,160 
 
 138,700 
 
 16,544 
 
 124.080 
 
 Opium 
 
 Chests 
 
 8,033 
 
 1,077,622 
 
 2,201 
 
 1,111.340 1 
 
 2,481i 
 
 1,666,985 7 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Salt and dried fish, 
 
 Piculs 
 
 6,425 S4 
 
 46,819 3 
 
 3.304 41 
 
 23,317 4 
 
 6,C86 51 
 
 60,148 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and cuttle fish ... 
 
 
 9,119 
 
 90,795 4 
 
 13,975 2 
 
 178.496 4 
 
 17.506 97 
 
 180.880 8 
 
 Sandal wood 
 
 it 
 
 1,170 17 
 
 21,648 1 
 
 1,913 90 
 
 32,964 8 
 
 6,089 S 
 
 36,791 8 
 
 Seaweed 
 
 ji 
 
 30,779 S5 
 
 103,896 2 
 
 36,377 7 
 
 100.333 7 
 
 33,563 96 
 
 133,393 4 
 
 Shirtings 
 
 Pieces 
 
 93,728 
 
 394,694 3 
 
 41,697 
 
 170.433 6 
 
 68,321 
 
 235,118 6 
 
 Spanish stripes ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 3,067 
 
 49,073 
 
 7,107 
 
 113.713 
 
 8.932 
 
 143.232 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Piculs 
 
 26,505 11 
 
 161,980 
 
 45,251 70 
 
 246,461 3 
 
 60.612 99 
 
 328.781 6 
 
 r-cloths 
 
 Pieces 
 
 18,150 
 
 49,005 
 
 25,380 
 
 63.475 
 
 34.614 
 
 89.996 4 
 
 From the above, it will be apparent that the import trade is steadily on 
 the increase, and^ although principally in the hands of native firms, still 
 affords satisfactory proof of the demand that exists in the interior for 
 foreign produce. 
 
 Opium is largely consumed ; the import for the year 1864, contrasting 
 favourably with that of Hankow, which port must necessarily have much 
 wider districts to supply. 
 
 The provincial capital, Nan-chang-foo, and the other ports on the 
 Poyang lake, consume the greater part of the opium imported, but a not 
 inconsiderable portion also finds its way into the province of Ngan-hui. 
 
 Of foreign manufactures, shirtings are perhaps most in demand here, 
 contrasting as they do favourably with the native cloth, which is not only 
 more expensive, but is coarse in texture, and only fit for the use of the 
 poorer classes. In 1863, the import was 93,728 pieces, value 394,694 
 taels, against 41,597 pieces, value 170,433 taels in 1864, and 68,321 
 pieces, value 235,118 In 1865. Camlets are also much in favour, the 
 import of 1363 being 1,407 pieces, value 10,049 taels, against 2,910 
 pieces, value 18,533 taels in 1864, and 4,231 pieces, value 29,443 taels in 
 1865. 
 
 Of native produce, perhaps the most important item is salt and dried 
 fish, which are imported in great quantities from Ning-po. In 1863 the 
 amount received was 9,119 piculs, against 12,975 piculs in 1864, and 
 17,506 piculs in 1865. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 The value of the export trade for the year 1865 exceeds that of 1864, 
 although there is a considerable deficit in the amounts exported of some of 
 the staple commodities. 
 
 In 1863, the value of the export trade is estimated at 7,310,190 taels, 
 against 3,132,653 taels in 1864, and 3,484,908 taels in 1865. Thus it 
 would appear as if there were an increase over the year 1864 of 352,255 
 taels in favour of the past year. 
 
 It should, howevei be borne in mind, that at the close of 1864, there 
 were about 130,000 packages of tea, remaining in the port unsold, which 
 were afterwards shipped to Shanghae, during the early part of the following 
 year. 
 
 This tea, although in reality forming part of the trade of the port for 
 the year 1864, not being exported until the following year, was included 
 in the trade for 1865. 
 
KIU-KIANG. 
 
 47 
 
 Comparative Table of some of the Principal Articles of Export. 
 
 
 S £■ 
 
 yeahses. 
 
 Year 1864. 
 
 Year 1866. 
 
 Description of 
 
 l-s'l 
 
 
 
 
 Goods. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 
 Taels m. 
 
 China ware . 
 
 Piculs 
 
 29,100 89 
 
 98,418 1 
 
 66,178 68 
 
 334,169 8 
 
 32,281 17 
 
 138,637 
 
 Grass clotli . 
 
 JJ 
 
 1,310 68 
 
 18,400 5 
 
 2,449 32 
 
 34,799 3 
 
 2,419 73 
 
 24,704 9 
 
 Hemp 
 
 „ 
 
 4,481 91 
 
 40,337 4 
 
 16,459 32 
 
 163,163 3 
 
 7,867 99 
 
 7,857 9 
 
 Medicines 
 
 ,, 
 
 3,348 66 
 
 11,606 5 
 
 128 71 
 
 765 5 
 
 103 47 
 
 645 3 
 
 Paper 
 
 ReS earth 
 
 ^J 
 
 121,816 9 
 
 399,013 6 
 
 71,363 70 
 
 267,046 
 
 42,884 89 
 
 167,173 8 
 
 „ 
 
 6,008 19 
 
 16,020 4 
 
 22,210 81 
 
 5,527 
 
 40 33 
 
 170 
 
 Tailow, vegetable ... 
 
 JJ 
 
 3,523 31 
 
 29,066 4 
 
 1,381 80 
 
 12,988 8 
 
 4,208 72 
 
 46,296 
 
 Tea, blaclc and green 
 
 JJ 
 
 191,570 42 
 
 6,378,860 3 
 
 134,281 30 
 
 3,196,933 5 
 
 203.267 60 
 
 5,707,822 9 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 ,. 
 
 18,003 27 
 
 69,492 1 
 
 14,481 67 
 
 111,174 9 
 
 19,369 89 
 
 86,743 2 
 
 ' Shipping. 
 
 The subjoined Table of shipping for the past three years will show 
 that there has not been the same amount of tonnage employed upon the 
 river during the year 1865 as during the two preceding years. 
 
 The whole of the carrying trade is now done by the steamers running 
 regularly, to the exclusion of lorohas and sailing craft generally. 
 
 During the year 1863, 69 steamers and vessels under the Chinkiang 
 pass entered, and 69 cleared; while the number in 1864 had decreased to 
 22 vessels entered, and 24 cleared ; and in 1865 to 24 entered and 24 
 cleared. 
 
48 
 
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KIU-KIANG. 
 
 JDwties. 
 
 49* 
 
 The total amount of duties collected during the year falls short of that 
 of either of the years 1863 or 1864. This is owing, however, to the 
 abolition of the half or coast trade duty which used formerly to be 
 collected upon all iea shipped in steamers plying under the river steamer 
 pass. 
 
 Thus, as the accompanying Table wiW show, the coast trade duty^ 
 ■which in 1863 amounted to 285,512 taels 9 mace 7 candarines 9 cash'; 
 and in 1864 to 203,239 taels 3 mace 4 cash-, in the year 1865 only 
 amounted to 47,436 taels 4 mace, 6 candarines 3 cash : whereas the 
 export full duty paid in 1863, amounted to 579,449 taels 5 mace 4 cash ; 
 in 1864 to 423,852 taels 3 mace 5 candarines 7 cash; and in 1865 to 
 564,192 taels 7 mace 5 candarines 9 cash. 
 
 CoMPARATiiVE Table of Duties Collected. 
 
 year. 
 
 Full Import. 
 
 Half Import. 
 
 3?nll Export. 
 
 Half Export.- 
 
 TonnagrEDues,' 
 
 Total. 
 
 186S ... 
 
 1864 ... 
 
 1865 ... 
 
 Taels m. c. c. 
 
 ISO 3 .? 3 
 
 163 
 
 67 4 1 3 
 
 Taela m. c, c. 
 
 890 8 9 9 
 
 197 2 3 
 
 70 840 
 
 Taels m. c. c. 
 579,449 6 ,4 
 433,853 3 6 7 
 664,193 7 6 9 
 
 Taels ra. c. c. 
 3*5,613 9 7 9 
 203,339 3 4 
 
 47,386 4 6-3 
 
 Taela m..fi. c. 
 3,853 9 
 1,745 
 3j651 7 
 
 Taels m. c. c. 
 868,866 6 1 4 
 639,186 8 6 9 
 614,369 17 5 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 Kiuldang, as a port of trade, has apparently many advantages in being 
 situated so closely to the wealthy districts in the Poyanglake. Wu-ch'6ng, 
 distant from Hukow eighty miles, is the centre of the trade, both foreign 
 and native ; to this place goods arriving from the northern provinces, and 
 intended for the south, are brought Tor sale : teas from Huichow and 
 Wuyuen, in Ngan-hui, and opium and foreign goods from Kiukiang. 
 
 Were communication with Wu-ch'eng easy, the trade at Kiukiang would 
 sensibly increase ; at present, junks laden with produce are often detained 
 at Hukow for weeScs, before they can obtain a favourable wind to enable 
 them to make any way against the strong . current that sets down the 
 river. 
 
 To remedy this evil, it has been suggested that small steamers of light 
 draught of water, should be permitted to proceed up the lake as far as 
 Wu-ch'eng, to tow loaded junks up to Kiukiang from thence. 
 
 The Chinese assert, that tbere is one objection to Kiukiang ever 
 becoming very popular as a resort of trade. Which is, that the anchorage is 
 so insecure during the winter months, that the owners of native craft are 
 unwillingto send their boats there. 
 
 Were it a mere question of secure anchorage and convenience for 
 trake, Hukow would supply every want. Placed as it is at the mouth of 
 the lake, it would be easy of access for foreign vessels, and would, at the 
 same time, poseess ievery facility fot quick communication with the interior, 
 Kiukiang, Jiowever, having been established as the port for now several 
 years, hongs having been iuilt, and an expensive settlement having been 
 laid out, it remains but to endeavour to foster the trade as much as can be- 
 done with the resources at hand, and to make the present tardy communi- 
 cation with the producing districts rapid and effective. 
 
 (Signed) FRANCIS W. WHITE, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs^ 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
60 CHINA. 
 
 Beport on the Trade at the Port of CUn-kiang for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Chin- kiang, January 18, 1866. 
 
 I HAVE the honour to report to you on the trade of this port for the 
 past year. 
 
 The results of the year's trade during 1865 contrasts favourably with 
 those of 1864. 
 
 There has been an increase on the previous year of three times the 
 quantities of opium, sandal-wood, and piece goods, and five times that of 
 the sugars of all kinds imported from Shanghae. The quantities imported 
 contrasting with the previous year, as exhibited in the annexed compara- 
 tive Table, as follows : — 
 
 
 .. Piculs 
 
 . • „ . . 
 
 .. Keoes 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Opium . 
 
 Sandal wood . . 
 
 Sugars 
 
 Shirtings 
 
 Woollen goods . . 
 
 4,910 
 
 7,291 
 
 45,000 
 
 13,437 
 
 574 
 
 1,716 
 2,405 , 
 8,310 
 2,913 
 269 
 
 In the produce imported by the river steamers from Hankow there is 
 an increase in wood oil of 49,960 piculs, the total quantity being 76,283 
 piculs; and 19,446 piculs of vegetable tallow were imported during the 
 year, being an increase over the year 1 864 of 9,402 piculs. 
 
 These figures, whilst possessing a certain importance in themselves, as 
 exhibiting a greatly increased demand for the class of merchandize above 
 enumerated, are the more significant in that they confirm the opinion so 
 long held, but not hitherto realized, that Chinkiang is pre-eminently well 
 adapted for supplying the vast districts forming the basin of the Yang-tsz 
 River, not easily approached from the seaboard. 
 
 Chinkiang, being within 120 miles of the sea, and with flood tides 
 making up to the port (even so far as Nankin during the winter months), 
 is available for ships or steamers engaged in a direct trade between foreign 
 countries and the Yang-tsz ports, which ought eventually to prove of great 
 advantage, for by this means the already extensive and annually increasing 
 foreign trade on the river would be greatly benefitted by dispensing with 
 the heavy charges for storage, landing, and re-shipment now incurred at 
 Shanghae ; foreign manufactures that might be so imported direct com- 
 manding a more ready sale. 
 
 By reference to the comparative Table of the increase in the value of 
 trade at the port of Chinkiang, it will be seen that the value of the foreign 
 goods imported was — 
 
 Taels. 
 During the year 1865 . . . . . . . . 3,324,752 
 
 Against, for the year 1864 .. ,. ,, 1,005,486 
 
 Showing an increase for the year of , . . , 2,319,266 
 
 This increase is mainly to be attributed to the large importation of 
 opium. But apart from opium, other foreign goods show a considerable 
 increase, their total value amounting for the year 1865 to 283,526 taels, 
 against for the year 1864, 61,786 taels ; whilst the increase in the value of 
 opium over the previous year was 2,097,526 taels, the value of the whole 
 quantity imported being 3,041,226 taels. 
 
 By keeping distinct the value of the copper cash exported (as forming 
 specie rather than goods), and the value of the timber forming rafts (as not 
 being shipped by foreign vessels, consequently not strictly appertaining to 
 
CHIN-KIANG, 51 
 
 foreign trade), from the other general imports and exports of native goods 
 respectively, we have an increase, as shown in the comparative Table of 
 values above alluded to, in the value of native goods imported, of 987,382 
 taels, and in that of goods exported of 96,096 taels over the previous year, 
 which would not appear were those tv?o articles severally included, and for 
 that reason separated them in the Table referred to. 
 
 Thus the trade of this port is far from being so insignificant as it is 
 generally presumed to be. With an import trade of nearly 5,000 chests 
 of opium, over 7,000 piculs of sandal-wood, and 45,000 piculs of sugar 
 annually, besides Hankow produce brought by the steamers to the extent 
 of over 200,000 piculs dead weight during the year, benefitting them at 
 least commercially by the freights such quantities must represent. These 
 steamers thus bring imports to the port from both ends of their journey, 
 both on the voyage from Shanghae and on the voyage down — a privilege 
 not much shared in by the other intermediate port, our Kiukiang rival ! 
 These circumstances all tend to show the many natural advantages it 
 possesses as a port, derived mainly from the local position of Chinkiang, 
 at the intersection of the Imperial Canal, on the right bank of the Yang- 
 tze River, with its northern branch on the opposite or left bank, commu- 
 nicating by its various branches with a succession of wealthy cities and 
 populous districts to the north and eastwards, and as far as the Yellow 
 River, and even far beyond it — in fact, commanding the internal traffic of 
 several provinces by which to distribute merchandize. 
 
 This vitality in the trade only declared itself during the spring of 1865. 
 Nankin having been recovered and the rebellion quelled during the previous 
 summer, the pent-up supplies of wood oil, varnish, paper, hemp, &c. were 
 eagerly sought after, and dispatched to meet building and other require- 
 ments in such large quantities, that during the first four months so much 
 of these goods had been received as to equal the whole importations of the 
 previous twelvemonth, and during the remaining two-thirds of the year 
 similar quantities arrived, so that by the end of 1865 the importations of 
 many articles had been trebled in quantity. 
 
 This would have been the time for merchants having any interests at 
 stake to have availed of. Business to some extent was done during the 
 spring by them, which led to a scheme being canvassed, and which was 
 well supported, for constructing a steamer jetty. This was very much 
 needed here, owing to the great depth of water and an exposed shore off 
 the settlement, forming so indifferent an anchorage that vessels are com- 
 pelled, failing a buoy or hulk to go to, to cast anchor off the opposite 
 bank of the river, to the great detriment of the resident merchants, anxious 
 to exercise a due control over their business. 
 
 Shortly after this, a period of commercial depression was experienced 
 at Shanghae, and much of the business here that was until then in the 
 bands of foreigners, had to be relinquished, and all measures of public 
 utility to be abandoned, the trade relapsing, with an exception or two, into 
 the hands of the Chinese dealers. 
 
 The port being still divided into two anchorages, coupled with the 
 remains of a pernicious system, introduced at a time when there was no 
 market on the spot at Chinkiang, of selling goods deliverable at some 
 distant inland mart (I allude to sales of Hankow produce especially), has 
 seriously fettered business transactions, involving an unaccountably myste- 
 rious disappearance of the profits on most ventures, the surplus return 
 sales being represented by the native broker employed to have been 
 absorbed by various enormous inland charges levied on the road, the 
 correctness or otherwise the foreigner has no means to verify. 
 
 Such details as the foregoing would not be deserving of mention in a 
 
52 CHINA. 
 
 report on a port where the trade was firmly established on some permanent 
 basis, but hitherto there have been but few signs of this being the case, so 
 far as foreigners' share in the trade is concerned, and yet they do in this 
 instance appear to merit place therein, whilst passing in review the port in 
 its comparative infancy, so as to mark the various stages of its growth 
 before attaining the more large dimensions that it is destined to witness. 
 
 Leaving aside the question of the value of Chinkian^ as a place of 
 trade, as exemplified by the statistics of trade for the past year, and whilst 
 not begrudging to it the title of some future pretensions to importance as 
 the available seaport of this truly majestic river the Yang-tsz, let us trace 
 the cause of the flourishing state of the' trade now being reported on for 
 the past year, in connection with another most extensive and important 
 trade carried on on its waters, that of the_ salt trade. The removing the 
 central dep6t for transhipping salt brought from the interior by Inland 
 Canal to Kwarchow point, opposite Chinkiang, at which place only the 
 river junks were permitted to load from the Government warehouses, gave 
 the great impetus to the trade of Chinkiang. Where previously there were 
 not more than 80 junks there are.now some 1,800, manned by some 3U,00D 
 Hu-peh men. 
 
 The trade is now thrown open to all Chinese who like to engage in it. 
 The prices both of purchase and sale are fixed by Government at sufScient 
 liberal rates to make it lucrative. But it is a long business for them, rif 
 sometimes six weeks to get up to Hankow, and they long to be allowed to 
 get in tow of a steamer, but the evasion of their provincial Government 
 taxes is what the authorities fear, and set the whole weight of their influ- 
 ence to pi-event foreigners being allowed to have anything to do with salt, 
 as it has been once for all declared by Treaty to be contraband. It is a 
 pity that it is so persistently mef used, for by mere saving of time foreign 
 enterprise could supply them at a cheaper rate, and have the salt better 
 refined, which would certainly be a great boon to the country people in the 
 distant provinces. But I know, Mr. Inspector-General, that the subject 
 has frequently had your attention, and the old monopoly abuse is now 
 greatly remedied, you having in 1861 drawn up a Memorandum and 
 obtained some Imperial edicts, which were published in the " North China 
 Herald," recommending that the trade should be conducted on more liberal 
 principles. 
 
 A broad canal for a boat anchorage is now being constructed above 
 the settlement at the mouth of a creek leading from the back of Nankin, 
 but stopping short about 20 li, where it is unnavigable. This will be a 
 great convenience, and be capable of holding two or three liundred boats 
 where previously they had no refuge or shelter. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 (Signed) CHAS. A. LORD, 
 
 To Eabert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
CHIN-KIANG. 
 
 &3 
 
 Special Gitantity Table. , 
 
 CoMPAEATiVE Table showing the increase or decrease on the Quantities 
 of some of the Principal Foreign and Native Imports, for the years 
 1864 and 1865. 
 
 Deacription of Goofls. 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 18 
 
 i4. 
 
 1S65. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Imports from Shanghae: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Opium 
 
 Picula 
 
 
 1,716 .67 
 
 
 4,910 50 
 
 3,193 83 
 
 
 i^Qdalwotid 
 
 „ 
 
 
 2,405 
 
 • •• 
 
 7,291 83 
 
 4,886 83 
 
 ... 
 
 Sugar, brown, foreign ... 
 
 J, 
 
 2,536 23 , 
 
 • >. 
 
 8,444 11 
 
 ... 
 
 
 ... 
 
 „ Vtite, ditto . 
 
 J, 
 
 
 
 2,727 60 
 
 ... 
 
 
 ... 
 
 ,„ bvoyfu, DHtive 
 
 J, 
 
 ,3,688 18 
 
 >•. 
 
 20,367 27 
 
 ... 
 
 
 ... 
 
 ' i, white, ditto . 
 
 jj 
 
 1.973 90 
 
 
 12,681 77 
 
 
 
 
 „ candy 
 
 ,j 
 
 212 37 
 
 
 785 53 
 
 
 f 
 
 ... 
 
 .Xot^ amount 'Of ^ugar ,., 
 
 » 
 
 
 ,8,816 68 
 
 
 45,0.06 18 
 
 36,696 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 ghirtings, grey ... 
 
 pieces 
 
 
 2,050 
 
 
 ,9,980 
 
 7,930 
 
 
 white 
 
 ,j 
 
 
 863 
 
 
 4,457 
 
 3,594 
 
 ... 
 
 "Wbdllen goods — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ; 
 
 
 Camlets 
 
 jj 
 
 .»• 
 
 
 190 
 
 ... 
 
 ; 
 
 ... 
 
 Medium and hahit cloth 
 
 jj 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 ■ long ells 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 Lustres, plain & figured 
 
 J, 
 
 
 
 8S6 
 
 
 
 
 Spaaisli stripes 
 
 „ 
 
 
 
 278 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 Bombazettes 
 
 J, 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 JCotal flf woollen goods . 
 
 » 
 
 
 369 
 
 
 1,574 
 
 1,305 
 
 
 
 
 
 •Jmports from Kiu-ldang 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Hankow : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !Pangus 
 
 Piculs 
 
 ... 
 
 1,237 56' 
 
 
 871 94 
 
 
 365 62 
 
 Hemp 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 8,641 41 
 
 
 9,633 58 
 
 922 17 
 
 UB 
 
 Oil, wood 
 
 „ 
 
 ... 
 
 26,323 49 
 
 
 76,283 86 
 
 49,960 86 
 
 
 Paper, Ist quality . 
 
 jj 
 
 • .. 
 
 1,677 35 
 
 
 2,042 62 
 
 363 27 
 
 
 .„ Slid ditto' 
 
 jj 
 
 ... 
 
 11,735 88 
 
 
 1,639 62 
 
 
 10i096 76 
 
 Tallow, vegetable . 
 
 w 
 
 • <• 
 
 10,043 87 
 
 
 19,446 39 
 
 9,40*2 62 
 
 • •■ 
 
 Tobacco, leaf 
 
 jj 
 
 ... 
 
 ■6,028 10 
 
 
 8,738 43 
 
 2,710 33 
 
 
 „ prepared ,. 
 
 jj 
 
 tf 
 
 .5,860 11 
 
 
 4.766 9 
 
 
 1,104 2 
 
 Varnish. 
 
 33 
 
 
 590 68 
 
 
 617 19 
 
 26 51 
 
 ... 
 
 Wax, white 
 
 " 
 
 ... 
 
 324 10 
 
 
 406 75 
 
 181 66 
 
 
 Special Value Table. 
 
 Comparative Table of the value of Ihe Import and Export Trade for 
 years 1-864 and 1865: — separating Wood, comprising Rafts, from 
 the general Imports of native Produce ; Copper Cash from the rest 
 of -the Native Exports ; ,and Opiumj from the general Imports [of 
 Foreign Goods. 
 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Jjnportg.^NatiTe produce : 
 
 General-imports, native produce . 
 ■Wood, comprising rafts from Han- 
 kow 
 
 'IPreasure , „. ,..' 
 
 |l 11 
 
 Taels. 
 
 4,073,'048 
 1,208;940 
 ,1,00M86 
 
 TaelB. 
 2,404,351 
 
 688,478 
 1,545,293 
 
 Taels. 
 
 4.590;021 
 
 9521147 ' 
 8.324753 
 
 Taels. 
 S87,882» 
 
 96i096 ! 
 
 221,740 
 '2,097i526f 
 
 Taels. 
 1,612,5^ 
 
 '^j^orts .—'Native produce : 
 
 General ;J^3Cport3,2iative^rQdnce i 
 Copper cash 
 
 78,670 
 1,130.370 
 
 174,766 
 777,881 
 
 35'2i8a» 
 
 General imports, foreign goods ... 
 Opium 
 
 61,786 '■ 
 943,700 
 
 283.526' 
 3.041,326 ■ 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 '**' 
 
 ■ ^OTE. — General import, native produce*— 
 
 "* The increase shown iconsists chiefly in-thc-rtemof wood oil from Hankow, which, is 733,000 taels 
 ia(Htriit-value ithan that of the quantity im]}»rted during the year ISG^. 
 f Treasore, for ax montkaonly, during the y£ar 1864. 
 
54 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Report an the Trade at the Port ofNingpofor the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Ningpo, January 1, 1866. _ 
 
 I HAVE the honour to make to you my report on the trade of this 
 port during the past year. 
 
 Trade at Ning-po throughout the whole of 1865 has been decidedly 
 less prosperous and remunerative than was looked for after the largely 
 increased business of the previous years. 
 
 On the total value of trade a decrease of 2,666,468 taels is apparent. 
 
 From the Comparative Table appended to the Returns, it will be seen 
 that while foreign trade shows a decrease of 3,645,598 taels, coast trade 
 exhibits an increase of 979,131 taels; clearly showing that the business 
 of the year has resulted more favourably to the native than the foreign 
 merchant. 
 
 The only gratifying feature in the traffic of the port, and it is one 
 strongly indicative of steady improvement, is the greater export of tea and 
 silk. The latter of course falls very far short of the original amount 
 produced in the province previous to its devastation by the rebels ; but 
 the improvement indicates a feeling of security amongst the country people, 
 to be attained only by a state of order and tranquillity. 
 
 The cause of the large export of the former staple is, that tea, hitherto 
 supplied to the Kiukiang market, has this season found its way to Ning-po. 
 This may be confidently expected to continue, and there can be little 
 doubt that 1866 will see still larger quantities of Fye-chow teas shipped 
 hence. 
 
 Let us hope, also, that the shipments may be direct to foreign countries, 
 and that the port of Ning-po may come to be considered, so far at least 
 as trade is concerned, something more than a mere suburb of Shanghae. 
 
 The past year has been a peculiarly unfortunate one for shipping at 
 this port. A large number of vessels of small tonnage usually resort 
 hither in the summer months to obtain charters to load produce at the 
 northern ports for the south, but this season those markets have offered 
 them no employment. 
 
 Entries and clearances compare thus, — 
 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Vessels entered . . 
 Vessels cleared . . 
 
 1,554 
 1,644 
 
 252,587 
 250,272 
 
 1,409 
 1,429 
 
 296,311 
 299,355 
 
 910 
 906 
 
 258,247 
 250,787 
 
 It must be remembered, however, that the two steamers plying daily 
 between this and Shanghae, constitute the major part of the total tonnage. 
 
 Opium has altered but little in the total quantity imported, it being 
 in 1864, 3,303 piculs against 3,379 piculs in 1865. Malwa opium has 
 fallen of 25 per cent., while all the other kinds have increased in quantity. 
 The taste for Persian drug seems to be extending. 
 
 The import of opium at Ning-po since the opening of the Custom- 
 house stands as follows : — 
 
 
 1861. 
 
 1862. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. ' 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Malwa 
 
 1,436 
 
 1,278 
 
 2,707 
 
 3,011 
 
 2,427 
 
 Patna 
 
 72 
 
 27 
 
 56 
 
 222 
 
 536 
 
 Benares . 
 
 « 
 
 
 . 
 
 8 
 
 206 
 
 Persian . 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 188 
 
 Turkey 
 
 •• 
 
 • . 
 
 
 17 
 
 22 
 
NINGPO. 
 
 55 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 1861 
 
 .. 6,655 
 
 1862 
 
 .. 1,507 
 
 1863 
 
 57 63 
 
 Tea exhibits an increase of 13,105 piculs, the cause of which is already 
 mentioned. If 24,000 piculs is at all a correct estimate of the quantity 
 of Fye-chow tea shipped, we may consider that the manufacture of the 
 article in the places whence our market has hitherto been exclusively 
 supplied, has not equalled that of last year, and that our most gratifying 
 result is owing solely to accident. 
 
 Silk. — The export of this production has doubled since last year, and 
 native merchants are of opinion that next year ought to show an equal 
 improvement. Silk exported from Ning-po : — 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 1864 948 
 
 1865 1,914 
 
 The trade in cotton, owing to the events in America having permitted 
 England to supply herself from former sources, and allowed Indian cotton 
 to be shipped to China as heretofore, as returned to its former limits. 
 Only 33,563 piculs have been exported from Ning-po this year, against 
 103,201 piculs in 1864. 
 
 No direct shipments have been made to Europe this season. 
 
 At one time an opportunity presented itself of making large shipments 
 to the south, but native holders, influenced doubtless by the speculative 
 demand in 1864, held for too high rates. 
 
 At an early period of the season, a belief was entertained that the rice 
 crop had suffered irretrievably, and that large supplies of foreign grain 
 would be sought for to cover the deficiency; the result, however, has not 
 justified these anticipations, 577,783 piculs only liaving been imported, 
 against 1,911,144 piculs in 1864. There being but little rice in the place, 
 there must necessarily be a considerable import in the first few months 
 of 1866 ; there can be but little doubt, however, of the importation of this 
 article decreasing, as the lands laid waste by the rebels continue to be again 
 brought under cultivation. In other branches of trade of minor impor- 
 tance there is little change to report, and where it exists it shows to the 
 disadvantage of 1865. Nevertheless it must not be concluded that Ningpo 
 is retrograding. The present depression is merely the reaction naturally 
 attendant on the feverish state of commercial activity in 1864; and as 
 trade here has steadily improved from the commencement, so it is reason- 
 able to suppose it will continue to advance in spite of occasional checks. 
 
 T n3,V6 &C 
 
 (Signed) ' JAS. K. LEONARD, 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Foo-chow for the Year 1865, 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Foo-chow, January 31, 1866. 
 
 I HAVE now the honour to report to you upon the trade of Foo-chow 
 since the opening of the port to foreign trade in the year 1842. 
 
 From that period until 1855, it was little used except as a place into 
 which opium might be smuggled with impunity. During the first few 
 years this opium was exchanged for specie, &c., but s\ibsequently a few 
 cargoes of tea formed a small proportion of the returns. From the years 
 1856 until 1861, the tea trade continued to increase steadily and rapidly, 
 
56 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 except durin|w seasons 1857-58 and 1858-59. 
 the following table : 
 
 This may be seen from 
 
 Destination: 
 
 Season 
 1856-57. 
 
 Season 
 1857-58. 
 
 Season 
 1858-59. 
 
 Season 
 1859-60. 
 
 Season 
 1860-61. 
 
 Great Britain . . 
 Australia . 
 United States . . 
 Continent 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 21,396,500 
 
 3,735,500 
 
 7,435,600 
 
 2,712,400 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 21,813,300 
 
 2,684,200 
 
 6,259,300 
 
 1,293,500 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 18,227,300 
 
 4,376,600 
 
 6,701,700 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 26,472,500 
 
 5,363,700 
 
 8,615,400 
 
 897,000 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 36,507,700 
 
 11,797,200 
 
 11,293,600 
 
 2,068,000 
 
 Total 
 
 .35,280,000 
 
 32,050,300 
 
 29,305,600 
 
 41,348,600 
 
 61,666,500 
 
 In the year 1857, the occurrence of the commercial crisis in England 
 caused a great depression in the home produce markets, while the failure 
 of several banks, and the distrust with which many mercantile houses 
 were regarded, curtailed the credit necessary for carrying on an extensive 
 business in 1858-59. The falling ofif in the tea export during that 
 season is thus accounted for. 
 
 iTTiports. 
 
 With the exception of opium, imports by foreigners were few until 
 tlie year 1860, when the occupation of Hankow by the rebels caused a 
 portion of the supplies for the provinces of Hoonan and Kiangsi, 
 previously received through the above port, to find their way through 
 Foochow. This transit trade was only temporary, but it probably proved 
 very beneficial in introducing the consumption of foreign goods in this 
 province. Since then the value of the import trade was steadily upon the 
 increase, until the close of the year 1864. Owing, however, to the 
 fluctuations in the price of cotton, consequent upon the American war, 
 the demand for piece goods has varied considerably. In 1865, the value 
 of foreign manufactures imported was little more than half the amount 
 for the preceding year. This may be variously accounted for, and 
 some weight should be attached to each of the following reasons : — 
 
 1. It is said that a large stock remainedi over, in the hands of the 
 dealers, from their purchases in 1864, and. they were consequently 
 disinclined to buy during the following year. They were also precluded 
 from purchasing on account of the heavy locsX taxes. 
 
 2. In consequence of the large production of cotton in the north, and 
 the small demand which existed for its exportation to Europe, the natives 
 were enabled to import nankeens at a lower price, and thus prevented 
 foreign piece goods from- possessing a remunerative value, 
 
 3. The rice crops having proved much smaller than usual, the high 
 price of food interfered with th« consumption of articles not actually 
 required. 
 
 4. The long credit which foreign hongs in Foochow usually grant 
 buyers, and which in some cases extends to three months, rendered most 
 importers in Hong Kong indifferent to shipping to this port. 
 
 The following table of foreign manufactures imported into Foochow 
 has been collated from the yearly returns, in order to show the course of 
 the trade since the establishment of the foreign customs on the 14th of 
 July, 1861. Owing to the lax manner in which the native authorities 
 collected the import duties prior to that date, it has been found impossible 
 to obtain reliable statistics relative to preceding years. 
 
TOO-CHO-W. 
 
 57 
 
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 48,941 
 
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FOO-OHOW, 
 
 59 
 
 The following is a summary of the values in the three preceding 
 tables : — 
 
 Description of Goods. 
 
 July to 
 
 December, 
 
 1861. 
 
 1862. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Foreign manufactures . 
 Opium . . . . . . 
 
 Metals 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 365,319 
 
 2,309,740 
 
 283,229 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 691,168 
 
 5,789,391 
 
 430,912 
 
 Dollars. . 
 
 922,024 
 
 5,054,824 
 
 397,321 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1,011,833 
 
 4,347,338 
 
 262,975 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 724,177 
 
 3,312,364 
 
 305,397 
 
 Total value 
 
 2,958,288 
 
 6,911,471 
 
 6,374,169 
 
 5,622,146 
 
 4,341,938 
 
 Imports from Hong Kong. — The direct imports into Foochow from 
 foreign countries are small, opium and foreign goods being generally 
 transmitted through Hong Kong. Thence, also, much valuable produce 
 is received from the south of China and the Straits. This trade is, with 
 the exception of rice, almost entirely carried on by natives, who, however, 
 usually import in foreign vessels. The following is a statement of the 
 principal imports of native origin during the years 1864 and 1865 : — 
 
 Description of Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Rice . 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Tobacco , . . . 
 
 Pepper 
 
 Silk, raw and manufactured 
 
 Vermilion .. 
 
 8,184 
 
 13,739 
 
 3,182 
 
 2,037 
 
 Dollars. 
 28,647 
 
 128,932 
 69,938 
 20,522 
 
 161,847 
 
 100,216 
 
 21,129 
 
 2,108 
 
 3,950 
 
 '312 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 325,701 
 
 140,885 
 54,339 
 36,093 
 
 274,055 
 33,244 
 
 During the year 1865, goods of foreign origin to the value of 
 941,949 dollars were imported by Chinese. This amount, added to 
 911,573 dollars, — the value of Chinese products, — gives a total of 
 1,853,522 dollars, against 1,132,241 dollars in 18.64. There has been a 
 great increase in this branch of the trade during the year 1865, and 
 several new commodities have been introduced which will probably lead to 
 still larger importations. 
 
 Imports from Swatow. — During the year 1864 these amounted in 
 value to 3,826 dollars only. It is, however, satisfactory to find that in 
 1865 they rose to 50,661 dollars, and this may probably be accepted as a 
 sign of the commencement of a permament trade. The following 
 table shows the chief articles imported from Swatow during the past 
 two years : — 
 
 Description of Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Betelleaf 
 
 Potato flour 
 
 Sugar 
 
 556 
 
 Dollars. 
 3,333 
 
 • • 
 
 547 
 1,839 
 4,024 
 
 Dollars. 
 3,829 
 9,196 
 
 24,987 
 
 Total 
 
 556 
 
 3.333 
 
 6.410 
 
 38,012 
 
 [1673 
 
6Q 
 
 fi«JWA- 
 
 ■fs from Ameij/ ■'n^J^rpt^ the fQllpwipg statistics it wiii bp seen- 
 that this trade also is in its infancy. The value in the year 1864 was 
 27496 Mkx.^ mi in XB65 118^27-8 MLaxs, 
 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Desqription of Goods. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Picufe. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Bot^to jlour . , , 
 
 Glassware .. .. 
 
 Sugar 
 Kice . 
 
 "7.6 
 2,245 
 
 DpUsrs.. 
 7,507 
 
 ,4,090 , 
 
 453 
 4,410 
 
 Dollars. 
 20,450 
 27,169 
 37,233 
 
 Total 
 
 2,321 
 
 8,C47 
 
 8,953 
 
 84.852 
 
 Imports from, Ningpn — Are principally -cotton, euttle fish, and- 
 nankeens. Ma-ny descriptions of -goods are, however, transmitted ibrfflugk' 
 M-ngpo from the Yang-tze and northern ports, and from Japan. These 
 are tobaeco, wax, silk piece goods, &c. The trade shows a falling off 
 during- the past year, the value being only 117,217 dollars, again-st 
 214,689 dollars in 1 364. This was perhaps caused by the increase in 
 direct imports fi'om^the north, 
 
 Imperis from JShanghae./^-^'The productions of Shanghae imported 
 into Fooohow are chiefly cotton, -nankeens, and silk, but that place serves 
 to a much greater extent than Ningpo as an entrepot for the produce of 
 the' north; the interior, and Jiapan. The following- table shows the 
 import of the abov(5-menbioBe4 articles during the years 1864 and 
 1865. 
 
 Dgscription of Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Ficdls. ' 
 
 Value. 
 
 Cotton 
 
 ^fanJiLeeDS ... .. ,. .. 
 
 Silk, raw 
 
 ^ manuffictured , . , , 
 
 4,044 
 
 26,322 
 
 109 
 
 174 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 105,135 
 
 l,31-6,083 
 
 62,614 
 
 254,457 
 
 5,183 
 25,979 , 
 24 
 115 
 
 Dollars. 
 129,.^83 
 
 i,29fl,969 
 W,718, 
 58,657 
 
 Total 
 
 30,649 
 
 1,73«,299 
 
 31,301 
 
 1,494,927- 
 
 Df goods imported from other places through Shanghae, t%e chief 
 have heei). as follows : — 
 
 description of Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Peas , ., 
 
 Kice-. 
 
 Bean cake .. .., 
 
 Tpbacno ,, ,. 
 
 2,255 
 
 4,023 
 3,932 
 
 Dollars. 
 6,765 
 
 9,051 
 
 : 116,172 
 
 4,585 
 
 6,478 
 
 13,878 
 
 7,294 
 
 Dollars. 
 18,340 
 21,055 
 38,163 
 
 218,405 
 
 The total value :of imports, of all kiiids from Shanghae. during the 
 year 1865, was 1,976l625 dollars, against ^,055,840 dollars in 1864. 
 
 Imports from C^efoo-^—Ave principally tobacco, cotton, wheat, peas,, 
 bean cake, and bean pil. The ^ollovfiflg liable of the chief imports during 
 the years 1864 and \Mt, iivitt show that this Iratl-e progresses favourably.. 
 
EOO-CHD.W. 
 
 61 
 
 IDfiscription Of Ooofls. 
 
 IS 64. 
 
 1865. 
 
 iPiculs. 
 
 Value. 
 
 J'iculs. ( 
 
 Value. 
 
 Tobacco 
 "Cdtton 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Peas 
 
 Bean cake , . 
 
 Bean and-pea -oil 
 
 653 
 ■285 
 1,640 
 4,559 
 7,731 
 ■6,-060 
 
 Dollars. 
 19,577 
 •1/900 • 
 4,919 
 13,i77 , 
 17,394 
 48,482 . 
 
 1,01B ' 
 
 •1,226 1 
 
 5,649 
 ■43,245 
 23,968 
 
 8,411 . 
 
 ;Dollars. 
 30,47*' 
 30,-€S2 
 22,594 
 
 172,980 
 65,913 
 
 115,699 
 
 The total value of iuipTjrts from Che-fbo in 1864 was 194,1^61 dollars, 
 against SUjffaS dollars in 1865. ^ 
 
 Imports JirBva, Tien-ism. — The principal articles imported from Tien- 
 tsin are tdbaoco, snuff, aiwl iostton, the demand for whioh commodities 
 increased consiflerably during the past year, as may be seen from the 
 following ^atement : — 
 
 Desoi^ticm of Goods. ; 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 ■PicnlB. 
 
 Vahie. . 
 
 'Piouls. ' 
 
 Value. 
 
 J 
 
 'Tobacco .. .. ,. «.' 
 
 Snuff 1 
 
 Cotton 
 
 '938 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 ■28,127 
 
 1 
 
 1,4*4 . 
 9B '( 
 1,519 
 
 Dollars. 
 -43,SM 
 Jlftj64fl 
 37,985 
 
 The total value of imports during 1864 was 72,813 dollars, against 
 195,,5'65 dollars, fte value in 1865. 
 
 Importsjrom Newnhwang. — -The chief flirect imports iinring the past 
 tvro years "have been as 'follows : — 
 
 Description of Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 18B5. 
 
 Eiouls. ! 
 
 Value. 
 
 Piculs. ' 
 
 Value. 
 
 JPeas . ^.. ^ 
 
 •Bean oil 
 
 Bean cake 
 
 21„4B8 
 15^403 
 
 Dollars. • 
 64,465 1 
 
 34,6&6 t 
 
 17,191 ; 
 
 3;816 ' 
 ■38,188 ' 
 
 Dollars. 
 BS,765 
 53,424 
 91,'2BB 
 
 The total vailue of imports from ffewiihwang during the year ]'864,. 
 amounted to 112,466 dollars, against 213,45'5 ilollars, tSie -value in 18^. 
 
 Imports from Formosa. — This trade is as yrt undeveloped, but would 
 increase were greater -feci'Hties •fer •comnm'nieafci'on •in -existence. The 
 principal imparts :at present are coal and rice, but in time of deairtli the 
 jexport from Formosa of the latter commodity is prevented by the native- 
 authiM-ities.; Keelnng coal is ibrought oves almost exclusiively for the use 
 of 'Coasting 'steamers. It .is ■w.ell adaipbed ifor ateam piiii;pQSESj and .aJitbou^ 
 it burns rather quickly, could, if subject to the same duty, compete really 
 ■VKith ^e coal imported from Engilantl or Austra'Ka. The present -export 
 aiod .ooas,t duties .on [Formosaii coal amojult to nearly .1"50 doHars per tan 
 wMe upon foreign coal 7 'Ceots only is .charged. 
 
 Tber-e has been a diminution in .the imports from Shanghae during the 
 year 1'86'5, as already Stated. This -was caused both tiy the imiportation 
 '&6m Hong Kong of -a 'ferger ^mmfaty ■of -silk -piece ^orods th-a-n -iormetiy 
 and by the increase in direct .shipments from the .nopthfirn ports. 
 
 .It Jmis been alxeady .stated ,tbat -the ifalue cf the principal foreigc. 
 - ' ' ' V 2 
 
62 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 imports during the year 1865 was 4,341,938 dollars against 5,622,146 
 dollars in 1864. This serious deficit is however almost counterbalanced 
 by the improvement apparent in that branch of the import trade, which is 
 carried on by natives in goods of Chinese origin, of which the following 
 is a summary, as regards value. 
 
 Ports of Clearance. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 Swatow 
 Amoy . 
 Ningpo 
 
 Shanghae 
 
 Che-foo 
 
 Tien-tsin 
 Newchwang . . 
 Formosa 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 878,882 
 
 3,826 
 
 27,196 
 
 214,689 
 
 2,055,840 
 
 194,161 
 
 72,813 
 
 112,446 
 
 76,817 
 
 Dollars. 
 911,573 
 
 50,661 
 118,278 
 117,287 
 1,976,525 
 514,693 
 195,565 
 213,455 
 
 69,118 
 
 Total value 
 
 3,636,670 
 
 4,167,255 
 
 It is satisfactory to observe that the direct trade with Hong Kong, 
 Swatow, Amoy, Tien-tsin, and Newchwang, has increased greatly during 
 the year 1865, and that it promises to improve still further. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Tea. — This is the most valuable produce of Foo-chow. A small por- 
 tion is sent coastwise, but far the greater quantity is shipped direct to 
 foreign countries. Considei'able shipments are made through Hong Kong, 
 to Australia, America, and India. It is said that in preparing teas for 
 foreign consumption, the same care is not now taken that was expended 
 upon it during the earlier days of the port. This may be accounted for 
 by the much larger quantity which has now to be prepared, and the ready 
 market which all kinds have found during the past few years. 
 
 The new tea begins to arrive in the month of May, and of late years 
 so active has been the demand, that by the end of the following January 
 little has remained unsold. To compare the seasons accurately it is there- 
 fore necessary to consider them as beginning on about the 20th of May, 
 The following statistics of the export to foreign countries have been 
 prepared in this manner, and show the progress of the trade since the 
 opening of the foreign Customs. 
 
 Destination. 
 
 Season 
 
 Season 
 
 Season 
 
 Season 
 
 Season 
 
 1861-62. 
 
 1862-63. 
 
 1863-64. 
 
 1864-65. . 
 
 1865-66. 
 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Lbs. 
 
 Great Britain . . 
 
 35,417,650 
 
 45,002,481 
 
 46,152,936 
 
 45,248,390 
 
 44,000,000 
 
 Britisli Channel, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for orders 
 
 2,497,444 
 
 2,410,130 
 
 969,616 
 
 334,036 
 
 2.681,166 
 
 United States . . 
 
 7,215,010 
 
 227,930 
 
 6,966,702 
 
 4,763,830 
 
 6,206,910 
 
 Australia . 
 
 8,094,944 
 
 2,352,405 
 
 8,037,750 
 
 9.127,246 
 
 9,735,272 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 2,493,385 
 
 2,323,834 
 
 1,841.294 
 
 3,478,414 
 
 2,921,688 
 
 Total 
 
 55,718,433 
 
 52,316,780 
 
 63,968,298 
 
 62,951,916 
 
 65,545,036 
 
 The export to Great Britain for season 1865-66 is an estimated 
 amount as some teas still await shipment. The figures may, however, be 
 
FOO-CHOW. 6$^ 
 
 relied upon- as within a few thousand pounds of what the actual quantity 
 will prove. 
 
 The class of tea most in request for England is Congou. A large 
 quantity of Souchong is also required, and a smaller quantity of Oolung. 
 The bulk of the scented and green teas and some flowery Pekoe, are also 
 exported to England. The last named variety was formerly much in 
 demand for consumption on the continent of Europe, but has during the 
 last four years gradually passed out of favour, and has consequently 
 declined in value 50 per cent. 
 
 For the continent of Europe the cargoes consist chiefly of Souchong 
 and Congou ; the vessels being generally cleared for one of the English. 
 Channel ports, where they receive orders to proceed to their ultimate 
 destinations. 
 
 For Australia it is not usual to have more than one shipper of tea in 
 one vessel, and the name of the ship is usually printed upon the labels of 
 the chests. The packages are required to be of certain standard weights, 
 and the tea must be of an uniform quality. To ensure the latter it is 
 usual to mix and re-pack the tea in Foo-chow. Congou is chiefly used, 
 and the quality is always inferior. A few coarse scented teas are also 
 shipped. 
 
 Three-fourths of the tea 'shipped to America consist of Oolung, and 
 the remaing one-fourth, chiefly of Congou and Souchong. A few green 
 teas also are exported to the States. 
 
 The names of the districts in which the principal teas used for foreign- 
 consumption are grown, may not here be out of place. Elsewhere will 
 be found a few particulars regarding the geographical positions of those 
 and other localities. Fu-ning-fu produces Congou and flowery Pekoe. 
 A tea is also grown in this district from which either green tea or scented 
 orange Pekoe can be manufactured. The finest Congou and Souchong 
 are brought from Chien ning-fu and Shao-woo-fu. In the former prefec- 
 ture is Wang-k'eng, celebrated for it Souchong ; on the borders of these 
 two districts is Kaisow, which has given its name to Foo-chow Congous 
 as a class. The northern half of Yen-ping-fu produces Congou, and the 
 southern half Oolung. Latterly a considerable quantity of Oolung has 
 been prepared as Congou, and is much liked in England, on account of its 
 strength. The tea plants in this part of the province are best suited for 
 Oolung, although the chief difference between Oolung and Congou lies in 
 the manufacture, not in the plant. The Sha-yun country is situated in 
 this district, and is much esteemed for its production of Oolung. From 
 Ting-chou-fu in the west, but little tea comes to Foochow, as a high range 
 of hills shuts off the greater part of that place from water communications 
 with the River Min. The district is drained by the Han, which debouches 
 at Swatow. On its northern boundary Foo-chow-fu produces Congou, 
 flowery Pekoe, and a kind suitable for green, or orange Pekoe. The 
 southern central districts, Lung-yen-chou and Yung-chun-chou, produce 
 Ning-yongs, which are of the same class as, but inferior to Oolungs, and 
 much of the tea which finds its way to Amoy. 
 
 Timber. — The supply of wood; chiefly pine, is obtained from Chien- 
 ning-fu, Yen-ping-fu, Yeng-chun-chou, and Foo-chow- foo. This is pro- 
 bably on account of the superior facilities which exist for transporting rafts 
 of timber from these districts than from those higher up. This commo- 
 dity in the form of poles, is exported largely to Ning^-po and Shanghae. 
 The older trees, formed into cofiSn planks, are also sent iu considerable 
 quantities to the northern ports,, and are much esteemed. This trade 
 affords employment to a great many foreign vessels during the north-east 
 
m 
 
 CHIK-A. 
 
 moii'sooir, But dliring ifhe' soa#- west monsoon' tlie greater portfosr oP the 
 timber is carried by junks. 
 
 Oil. — Tea' oil, made from the seecfo off the tea plant, is used for' many 
 ptrrptises bythe Chinese. Jfter it ranis the description matfe from ground: 
 nuts. Both of these oils are pveparecf in Yen-ping-foo, chiefly for conr- 
 smnption in the province. 
 
 Fraii', — both fresh and' preserred, forms an iinportant item amongst 
 the exports from Foo-chow. The greater portion goes, to Ningpo and'. 
 Shanghae. It is produced chiefly in Foo-chow-fu and Ming-hua-fu ; the 
 former place furnishing oranges- and'olives) and the latter principally lung- 
 ngans and lichpes; 
 
 Sugar — is- produced' va. Chang-chow-fir and Chin-chew-fu. It is, how- 
 ever, sent to Amoy alone. 
 
 Bhmboo — ^is- second only to tea m nnporfance Ma the prosperity of the 
 province. It is shipped to all' the ports on the coast, cither in its native 
 st3.tiB or mannfiictured'. The jroung- shoots are used' for food in Shanghae 
 and Ning-po, and during: the autu-mn provides freight for se-verar steamers'. 
 When manufactured iiito paper, this export becomes of still higher vahie. 
 
 Of this paper an immense quantity is sent to Che-foo and Tien-tsiti", 
 the trade being carried on upon a smaller scale, with Ningpo, Shanghae", 
 and Newcftwang. 
 
 Pbtteini — of a coarse descrip-frori is made at Nan-tiian' in Ftr-nihg-fiiv 
 and Ts'iian-chou-fu, at which place also iron pans, for cooking and tea- 
 fiTiT Tg; and iron wire-, are largely man-ufaetnred, but Tittle exported'. 
 
 The following- Table- shows the value of the principal exports from 
 Fbo-chow to the- coast ports- and- J-Tong Kong, in the yea-rs 1864 and' 1865'. 
 If will be seen that in 1865- there- has been an increase in the exports to 
 all' the ports with the exception of ' Shanghae-. 
 
 Eoita 
 
 i BamboOi 
 
 Eaper. 
 
 Xinibsr. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 1 Eruitr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;ia8« 
 
 ' 1865. 
 
 IBe-t, 
 
 vms: 
 
 186* 
 
 ! 1866i 
 
 1864. 
 
 . 1866. 
 
 1 1864i 
 
 1865, 
 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 ' $ 
 
 ' 9 
 
 i S5 
 
 $■ 
 
 ' « 
 
 $ 
 
 $ 
 
 , 5 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 2^wolm<3lig- — 
 
 
 
 : 28,68d: 
 
 - 26i9il-7' 
 
 : 4a 
 
 H258, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tifin?tsiiL. 
 
 •, 2,661 
 
 , 10,361 
 
 1, 75,113 
 
 2S7,236 
 
 ; 97.8 
 
 , 19,33S 
 
 70,225 
 
 46.462 
 
 3,914 
 
 , 2f,?l« 
 
 CHe-foo . 
 
 ' 4,6«9 
 
 ; 5,4-23 
 
 1 77;251 
 
 '290;473' 
 
 • 1,334, 
 
 ' 41534 
 
 is-.w 
 
 
 1,475 
 
 ' S,52» 
 
 Shanghae. 
 
 66>xm 
 
 106,1S& 
 
 ;31)9,W9 
 
 ■12519B5i: 
 
 ..lfl;351. 
 
 ■140,526 
 
 *Ma)- 
 
 MiSaS 
 
 i7.9,98a 
 
 •IS3,0«. . 
 
 Nin^o 
 
 j 8,S86 
 
 6,779 
 
 . 87,014 
 
 66,125 
 
 19,704 
 
 21,190 
 
 
 
 .83,602 
 
 ]-18,927;' 
 
 Fimiosaj. 
 
 
 87S 
 
 170 
 
 722 
 
 SB5 
 
 1 I0j'999i 
 
 
 
 , 3441 
 
 8919 
 
 Amoy .„ 
 
 • 2,74S 
 
 7i867. 
 
 ' 6-J090, 
 
 . 77.7 
 
 . 120. 
 
 j 236. 
 
 
 ,36,867 
 
 41 
 
 3,633 
 
 Swatow . 
 
 l,3a3 
 
 6,464 
 
 
 I 290 
 
 
 
 
 36,611 
 
 
 432 
 
 Hmg JTang ... 
 
 34241 
 
 1 ZjSBS 
 
 1 ... 
 
 ! ^795. 
 
 2,455 
 
 I.IEE 
 
 Boreign- tabie; 
 
 1 6,026. 
 
 . W.SIS 
 
 The following Table shows the value im. dollans of the native produxw? 
 expoiited. ta Cliinese porta fiuua Eoo-chowtj. during, thei vears 1864 aral 
 1865. s— 
 
 
 
 
 ^ ISffi. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Forfs 
 
 
 
 .' 
 
 
 
 
 
 [ ■pallia. 
 
 V«l»m. 
 
 
 
 
 ', Dailans. 
 
 , Dollars. 
 
 'Newobwang, ... ... 
 
 -•1 
 
 * ■! 
 
 f 39,142 
 
 29,251 
 
 Tien^tsin 
 
 «<» 
 
 ■ • 
 
 ■ 188;733. 
 
 363,267 
 
 Che^ibo 
 
 .., 
 
 -« 
 
 ! ir03Z9 
 
 352,577 
 
 SfcangJiaB 
 
 •» 
 
 MM 
 
 396)5:84 
 
 1 saoiflst 
 
 Nuigpo 
 
 ... 
 
 ^. 
 
 ! 216,832! 
 
 226,378 
 
 Bormosa 
 
 .1. 
 
 ■ M 
 
 , 1,91,155. 
 
 44,544 
 
 MrCLOJ . 
 
 . «■ 
 
 
 11,521 
 
 S9,2a0 
 
 SwatDW- 
 
 .* 
 
 ... 
 
 ' 1,794 
 
 ' 4-0,087 
 
 lotdlvalnB _ 
 
 1 l,17'3-,a92 
 
 J ]l,Sa!6vl:6& 
 
It hals bden. already remarked bliatl thei increase in direct iTn|DortS frdm 
 Cte-foQ, Tien-esin, and Ijewch'vrang', caused) the Value of tliose: frotai 
 ShaiigHafe tO' fall off in the' year 1865.' Itl will be seen- that in the expdrt 
 "trade th* same cause has produced aisimilai" resullt. The diminution in 
 •the value of shipments to* Shanghae during, (he year 1865, was calised 
 through a smaller quantity of paper having been serit there for transmis- 
 sion tai the northern! ports in that year than in 1864 ; the bulk of tliis 
 «xport hiving been laitterly sent direct to its ultimate destination. 
 
 Shipping. 
 
 Eour regular coaSKin^ stealers plybetwdeW this porft and Hong Kodg, 
 and are rarely diverted from that linei To Shanghae and Ningpo tliutee 
 s.maU- steamers run regularly, and in the frttifc season others arei chalrtened 
 tsmporarily. All these vessels are under the English flag, and as thfey 
 eaeh make- on an. average at least two trips per month, their frequent en(Sry 
 into Foo-chow considferabljff augments the dggrfegate' British tonnage-. 
 
 Sailing vessels are chiefly employed" in the foreign tea trade, a large 
 number being also charteifed for carrying timber, &C.j to Shainghae and 
 Ning-poj During the north-east monsoon, junks being rniableto beat up 
 lie coast with poles, a large demand necessarily exists for foreign vessels. 
 
 Th«. following statement shows the' n««lber and tbnnage of su«h'*e!ssels 
 employed in thai branch of the coast trade, during the yearsi 186* ahd 
 1865 :—• 
 
 Years. 
 
 1 Ningpo. 
 
 Shanghaej 
 
 \Ko. of Vessels-. 
 
 Took. 
 
 No., of Vessels. 
 
 ; Tonb. 
 
 1864 
 
 1855 .. 
 
 16 
 ' 9 
 
 3i25l6 
 
 s.oie 
 
 i 102 
 
 ■ 82 
 
 ■ 54,304' 
 47,505 
 
 A'merican ships are emplojted almost exclusively' in carrying teato the 
 Diiited States.. Small Continental vessels, mostly Danish and Jtlambui!g[h, 
 are much liked- by the Ghineseifor coaslt trade ]}urposes, and are alsoi useful 
 for Australian cargoes. 
 
 The following Tables show the number, fonnage, and destination of 
 ■vessels clearedifrom Foo-cfiawi with tea cargoes during the years 1864 atad 
 l«865.-:r- 
 
66: 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 3 
 
 ^ 
 
 49,963 
 2,866 
 5,285 
 
 oo" 
 
 6 
 
 f O CO !>. 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 r-H 
 
 S 
 u 
 
 .s 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 . . <M 
 
 00 
 CM 
 
 o 
 
 • , C3 
 
 (N 
 
 
 to 
 
 6,354 
 1,863 
 
 I-H 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 M . 00 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 i 
 
 02 
 
 '3 
 
 to 
 
 4,931 
 
 2,866 
 
 825 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 O CO (N 
 
 in 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 38,678 
 l',869 
 
 in 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 
 to 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 British 
 
 Sundry . . 
 
 H 
 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 47,487 
 1.437 
 2,798 
 
 in 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■* « OS 
 
 03 
 
 in 
 
 
 4J 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 P 
 
 : : : 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 : : : 
 
 : 
 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 6,412 
 2,798 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 
 CO . CS 
 
 CO 
 
 
 1 
 
 OS 
 
 1 
 
 5,248 
 1,437 
 
 in 
 oo 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 
 1 
 
 OS (M . 
 
 - 
 
 
 •a 
 
 s 
 
 CM 
 
 00 . . 
 
 in" • • 
 
 CO 
 
 <N 
 00 
 
 in 
 
 CO 
 
 
 i 
 
 lO . . 
 
 CM 
 
 in 
 
 
 c 
 
 4 
 
 British 
 
 Sundry , • 
 
 I 
 
 -' -5 
 
 bo 
 
 I I 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 rH 
 
 A 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 Taels. 
 
 6,924 
 
 23,202 
 
 
 
 CM 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 . OS 
 Oj 00 . ■ 
 
 f to 
 
 OS 
 
 OS 
 00 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 
 in 
 
 to 
 
 CO 
 
 Tt* CM t^ 
 
 , to CS t'. 
 
 ^ to *>• in 
 "^ 00 oTcT 
 
 r2 do -^ OS 
 1— 1 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 rH 
 
 
 1864 
 compared 
 with 1863. 
 
 
 o to 00 
 . CO O CM 
 
 ^ i.-^ in ■-<_ 
 
 K in rftN 
 ^ CM in <N 
 
 l-H 
 
 -*; 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 00 
 rH 
 
 m CO CS 
 
 , to >— 1 !>• 
 
 ^ ^^ t^ t* 
 
 S ^"to oT 
 
 " CM in CM 
 
 
 ca 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 « 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 I— I 
 
 «l 
 
 to ^ 
 
 CO ^ 
 
 -'^ 
 
 'S. 
 
 p. 
 
 (O 
 
 p 
 
 O i-t 
 -3 OS CO 
 
 S * '* in 
 
 F~. 00 CO 
 
 r* i-H 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 (N 
 CM 
 
 
 1— 1 
 
 ^•^ • : 
 
 in 
 in 
 
 i-H 
 
 
 00 
 
 in CM !>. 
 
 , "^ CM O 
 
 n m CM OS 
 r2 ^--'-* 
 
 to 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 CO 
 
 1—1 
 
 .-1 CM 00 
 . !>. CS CS 
 oa tN. -^ t^ 
 
 IrH-to'o" 
 r2 CS CS 00 
 t^ CM rH CM 
 
 to 
 t>. 
 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 !>- 
 
 rH 
 
 
 1861. 
 
 July to 
 
 December. 
 
 CM OS 
 
 . to CM TP 
 
 ^ CS CM CS 
 
 g os" .n in 
 
 [5 CO Tj* t^ 
 
 — 1 
 CO 
 
 l-H 
 
 to 
 
 
 % 
 S 
 
 
 •c a g 
 
 1 
 
 
. AMOT. 67 
 
 Transit Dues. 
 
 Lead is the only important article sent from Foo-cliow into the interior 
 by foreign merchants. 
 
 As regards tea, although foreigners advance largely to their compra- 
 dores and tea-brokers for its purchase up country, it is not regarded as 
 foreign property until delivereil in Foo-chovv ; and the Chinese purchasers 
 have therefore to defray all inland taxes and the expenses of the hongs in 
 the tea districts. To meet this expenditure, however, the contractors 
 charge extra when delivering the tea to foreigners. The tea-men find that 
 to use transit-passes for tea would bring them into disfavour with the local 
 authorities, and those documents are therefore never applied for. 
 
 The Province. 
 
 The province of Fu-chien is divided into the 'following prefectures. 
 To the north, on the sea-coast, is Fu-ning-fu ; south of which, on the coast, 
 is Fu-chou-fu ; the central district lying to the west of Foo-chow is Yen- 
 ping- fu ; north of which is Chien-ning-fu ; while to the west lie Shao-wu-fu 
 and Ting-chou-fu. Lung-yen-chou and Yung-chun-chou are situated to 
 the south of Yen-ping-fu, and east of Ting-chou-fu. Hing-hua-fu lies 
 east of Yung-chun-fu and south of Foo-chow-fu. The two southern 
 prefectures on the coast are T'siian-chou-fu and Chang-chou-fu. The 
 River Min forms the highway of the province, and, together with its 
 branches, is navigable far into the interior by small native craft. The city 
 of Yen-ping-fu is situated in a position of the utmost importance, on 
 account of its proximity to the main river just where a large branch joins 
 it from the north ; and as it lies below the junction of the streams which 
 communicate with the other districts, an army in possession of this city 
 might command the greater part of the province. 
 
 Shui-k'ou, a small town about eighty miles from Yen-ping, is below the 
 rapids, which, farther up, both in the main river and in its tributaries, are 
 numerous and dangerous. 
 
 The Fukien province is mountainous, and presents so many obstacles 
 to the construction of canals and railways that they will probably never be 
 introduced into this part of China. 
 
 In conclusion, it may be remarked that the present commercial relations 
 of this port seem to promise an increase in its prosperity. The native 
 authorities are always willing to uphold the interests of foreign merchants, 
 • while the latter readily conform to the existing trade regulations. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) F. iNEVILL MAY, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Amoy for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Amoy, January Z\, i8&6. 
 
 Conformably with your instructions, I have the honour to lay before 
 you a Report of Trade for the year 1865. 
 
 When, a year ago, you received the Trade Returns for this port, a 
 ■ large portion of the neighbouring country was in a state of anarchy, and 
 an, important commercial city, Chang-chou-fu, qf which Amoy was but. the 
 depot, was in possession of the rebels. Amoy was also for a time menaced 
 
68 catNi, 
 
 by the Chang-maos, and kepfri»» constant state of alarm ; business was 
 paralysed, and all commercial enterprise was at a standstill. 
 
 My predecessor, Mr. HugHes, presented' you with his Trade Report 
 for 1864, and remarked that until the fall of Chang-cho«-fu in the mottth 
 of October of that year, the commercial prosperity of Amoy had' been 
 gradually on the increase for seyeral years, and that there was reason to 
 hope lliat upon the re-establishment of peace it would quickly return to its 
 original state. 
 
 It is satisfactory to observe that this hope, has to a great extent been 
 already realized. Indeed, since the recapture in April last of Chang- 
 chou-fu, when the rebels evacuated the adjoining districts in the province 
 of Fu-kien, the trade of Amoy has been steadily progressive, which is 
 shown by a comparison of the Quarterly Returns of Duties received, 
 viz. : — 
 
 Taels., 
 
 Istquatter. .. .. 87,899 
 
 2n:d' „ .. .. 9ff,188' 
 
 Srd „ ,. .. 117',09a 
 
 4th: ,, ..., ... lifiB,864; Of about At double' of the first qjuastec. 
 
 I win now briefly particularize, under it's Various headings, the trade <Jf 
 ■; his port for the past year : — 
 
 I. — Shipping and Tonnage. 
 
 Iifl shippin;g 3.rtA townage there' has beem a ■viery large increase. Hi 
 1-864:, 6iSl' vessels, registering 2i0i5i39 tons, entered the port,, whilst in 
 M65 there' were no less than 802 vessels, registering 276,519 tons, being 
 an angmenUation of Ml -vessels, an'd' 66v280itons. The increase im the 
 depstt'ures consisted of 125' ■vessels, registering* 70,693 tons. The ab'O'TC 
 figures include 265 steamers.. Of these, besidJes the casual arrivals flrom 
 the various Chinese ports, there are six which' form a regular line between 
 Htong Kong; Swatow, Mtaoj, and Foo-chow- ;■ Dhree are run by? the Penin- 
 sular and Oriental Company, and three by Mr. D'. Lapraik. It is- by 
 these boats' that all the opium' arrives, as well as a. conssiderable pestibn of 
 t^e< native produce'. 
 
 The past year was an unfortunate one! for twoi of these steamers ; t(hie 
 ** Cbrea " mik "'ChaBticleer " were losf, with all on board, b'etween.Hong 
 Kong and Swatowf, i^n a typhoony during the' month of June. Anotiter 
 steamer, named the "= Pootumg',"' was confiscated by the Chinese Goveiw- 
 ment, for having resorted to^ a non-Ti'eartfy port for tiie purpose of trading 
 in arms and ammunition with- thd vebels. 
 
 Jii.'^^Importa. 
 
 The value of the imports amounts as under :— 
 
 Dollars. 
 A. For produce arriving from foreign ports . .. ,. 5,870,462 
 
 Bt, Opiuin. < . „ .„ , ., .„ ... 3,a&o,5ao 
 
 u. Native produce from native ports .. .. .. 3,760,231 
 
 D. Foreign. produce from nativcsocts .. .. ., 233,481 
 
 Tbtai . 12,974,724 
 
 lulSBiitiiBrtaltabiialuBiwHs .« ,„ ,,, m. ... 9^4'19;6a& 
 
 Making.a difference in. favour of 18 SSi of. ., .. ,. 3^558,099- 
 
 Dtae" cfi}efl|y' to the-HM-ge" arrivals of' rice (lerHg' m'ore tfian fiVe- time? ovar 
 the quantity iinpoTSed! in 1^864-)' and to- the increased Con&umptittn ii 
 
The following Table will give an idea of tVie chief articles of import : — 
 
 Bbnomiiiation. 
 
 1864. 
 
 ' I8;65. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 : Decrease. 
 
 Opium. .. 
 
 Piculs . . 
 
 4,774 
 
 5,156 
 
 382 
 
 
 Cotton yam . . . . 
 
 ' ■ ,, ' *. . 
 
 3,205 
 
 S,936 
 
 731 
 
 
 „ goods .. 
 
 Pieces . . 
 
 65,230 
 
 88,613 
 
 23,413 
 
 ■ M 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Piculs . . 
 
 42,415 
 
 46,377 
 
 3,962 
 
 , ^ 
 
 Metkla 
 
 J.I 
 
 27,501 
 
 15,259 
 
 , . 
 
 rz,242' 
 
 Beam' cailteff . . 
 
 It " 
 
 308,129 
 
 ■ 265,601 
 
 , , 
 
 41,I,29' 
 
 nice- .. 
 
 M' 
 
 150,8,14 
 
 - a22,546 
 
 671,732; 
 
 • •■^ 
 
 ■Wheaf. 
 
 *l • • 
 
 7,312 
 
 84i,137 
 
 76,825; 
 
 • M 
 
 Beans and peas . 
 
 ,. 
 
 202,124 
 
 187,569 
 
 .. 
 
 14,615 
 
 lil.—Mieportsi 
 The ^alue. of exports, ia as follows h — 
 
 A. Exports to foreign ports , 
 
 B. Exports to native pojitffi , 
 
 Total. . 
 In 1864a iti amounted tor , 
 
 Showing a deficit for 18*65 of 
 
 Dollars. 
 1,606,844 
 1,092,514 
 
 2,699,358 
 3,773i81.1. 
 
 1„074,453 
 
 The dimiautioDi is: emmig mainly to the smaill exportaf^on;. of sugar amd 
 tea>. 
 
 Subjoined: is ai Comparative' Table of the principal articles of espMt 
 during' 1S64-C5 : — 
 
 Denominatioa. 
 
 1864?. 
 
 * 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Dbcreasa 
 
 Xba. „. ... ..., Fields: ... 
 
 53>;632 
 
 43,742 
 
 ... 
 
 9,890 
 
 Sugar ... ... ... „ 
 
 . 128,j677' 
 
 5-1,317 
 
 
 i 27,3Sa' 
 
 iNaukeens .. .. ,j. 
 
 2,454 
 
 2,016 
 
 *.' 
 
 i 43& 
 
 Paper „ 
 
 22,24-9 
 
 24,808 
 
 2,859 
 
 ■ « 
 
 Medicine . . ... „ 
 
 1,959 
 
 1,609' 
 
 1 
 
 350 
 
 itoniwane ., .- „- 
 
 6,257 
 
 3,561 
 
 • t 
 
 2,«96 
 
 Tobacco, prepared .. „. 
 
 j 3,264, 
 
 1 2,747 
 
 ... 
 
 51.7' 
 
 Vermicelli . . . . „ 
 
 2,929 
 
 2^86-1 
 
 .. 
 
 sar 
 
 Gold leaf . . . . Pieces . . 
 
 51,495 
 
 1 6,523 
 
 .< 
 
 35^.175 
 
 IV.- 
 
 —Re-Exports. 
 
 Hollars.. 
 
 A,. Eoneign produce, re-exporte 
 
 d to foEeign porta ... 
 
 70,663, 
 
 B. Foreign produce re-exporte 
 
 dto Chinese, ports, ... 
 
 >. I,100,3a5» 
 
 c. Native produce re-exportei 
 
 to Chinese ports 
 
 28,279 
 
 s: Native produce- rei.exportec 
 
 I' to foreign portS- 
 
 17',839r 
 
 ■Botai. 
 
 „. 1,225,63ft 
 
 In.. 18 64-. t^e.valua amauotedi U 
 
 » .. », 
 
 7Z4,8aZ 
 
 Being an increase in P8B5 of . 
 
 . 
 
 .. 
 
 45 
 
 9,759 
 
 Y.-^TbM Wa^e cf Trade. 
 
 Ik. a:^iTig' ups iSViB- vafues oF nwporfe', exports; and, rei-ejqiortfe, {he value 
 «r the entrre- trade of Amoy represents' re;S99\7l8'd&nars. In 1864 a 
 reacted' the swn of 1'3',968',31'S dollars-, theretiy- sftowihg an iiicrease for 
 1865 of 2,931,403 dollars. 
 
70 CHINA. 
 
 VI. — Duties Collected. 
 
 Dollars. 
 In 1865 the grand total of duties collected was . . . . 471,978 
 In 1864 474,909 
 
 Being a decrease in 1865 of ,. .. .. •. t< 2,931 
 
 This is caused by the delay in the exportation of tea. A considerable 
 portion of last season's teas, contrary to what is usually the case, are 
 only now being shipped. The large importation of rice and other 
 merchandize, which enter free of duty, whilst they testify to the increase 
 of trade, sufficiently explain the cause of the small deficiency in the 
 revenue. They likewise tend to bear out the assertion, to the efiect that 
 if this neighbourhood had been in a state of peace, the money needed for 
 the purchase of the common necessaries of life, would have been 
 employed in the purchase of other merchandize subject to duty, which 
 would have made an increase instead of a decrease in the revenue for 
 1865. 
 
 VII. — General Remarks. 
 
 It may not be uninteresting to observe, that between the value of 
 imports of foreign produce (excluding opium), and the value of imports 
 and exports of native produce, there exists but little difference. It is also 
 worthy of notice that in the port of Amoy, the Chinese merchants 
 transact, to a great extent, their own business, without having recourse to 
 the foreign merchant as intermediary. They appreciate more and more 
 the advantage of employing foreign to native craft, and they learn at the 
 same time to dispense with foreign assistance. 
 
 In spite of the manifest extension of trade, the European commercial 
 community has a tendency to diminish. During the past year the 
 agencies of the two largest houses of China have been suppressed. ^iiSs^is 
 
 The small sum of 59 taels, 4 mace, 2 candarines, and o cash, under 
 the heading of transit dues, which does not figure amongst the duty 
 returns for 1865, is a sufficient indication that the bulk of the trade is in 
 the hands of the Chinese. 
 
 It is probable that the facilities oflfered by the Customs with regard to 
 applications to land and ship when presented by Chinese, tends to save 
 them both time and money. 
 
 This establishment, entering into the spirit of your instructions, 
 affords to trade every facility compatible with the interests of the Chinese 
 Government. 
 
 Last year a lighthouse was erected on one of the six islands called 
 " Titan," at the entrance to this port. It is kept up at the expense of 
 this office, and it gives general satisfaction. 
 
 Amongst the actual requirements, that most needed just now is a pier, 
 alongside of which steamers might load and discharge. The number of 
 steamers visiting Amoy, justifies the necessary expense, and that would, I 
 presume, be partially met by the proprietors of the boats which run 
 regularly between the coast ports and Hong Kong. 
 
 Villi — Conclusion. 
 
 I have now merely to add that the commerce of this port, viewing the 
 deplorable condition of the country at the end of 18fi4 and the beginning, 
 of 1865, can be considered on the whole as satisfactory, and may be 
 summed up as follows : — 
 
71 
 
 Value of imports .. 12,974,724 dollars, at is. 6d., equal to £2,919,318 
 Value of exports .. 2,699,358 „ „ 607,355 
 
 Total .. 15,674,082 „ „ 3,526,663 
 
 Duties received were, 471,978 taels 2 m. 9 c. 6 c., equal to 162,2422. 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) C. KLECZKOWSKI, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of TaJcow (Formosa) for the 
 Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Takow, January/ 12, 1866. 
 
 IN accordance with your instructions, the returns of trade for the 
 ports of Takow and Taiwan-fu have been already forwarded to the 
 Commissioner of Customs at Shanghae. 
 
 Having been here only since May last, I can judge of the trade of 
 the port for the first half of the year solely by reference to the books ; 
 and as the port of Taiwan-fu was not open to foreign trade previous to 
 the 1st January, 1865, I have no data with which to compare the trade of 
 the past year. 
 
 By reference to the Returns of Duties you will see that the duties for 
 the quarter ended 30lh June, 1865, exceed by the sum of Haikwan 
 4,244 taels, 4 mace, 9 candarines, 7 cash, the total amount collected during 
 the other three quarters ; and the total amount collected during the last 
 two quarters only exceeds the amount collected during the quarter ended 
 31st March, 1865, by the sum of Haikwan 1,794 taels, 9 mace, 
 3 candarines, 8 cash. 
 
 The great excess of the duties of the quarter ended 30th June, and 
 the small amount in the following two quarters, may be accounted for 
 from the fact that a quantity of rice was exported in the first-named 
 quarter under bond to Amoy upon which duty was paid ; but this duty, in 
 accordance with the instructions of the Tartar General, was afterwards 
 refunded, and consequently a considerable portion of the duties of the 
 remaining quarters was paid by drawback. The prohibition to export 
 rice, except to Amoy and Foochow under pass, — which pass, as there are 
 not now any unusual number of troops in Fukien, is difficult to obtain, — 
 has deprived us of almost the only export which was available ; and as 
 regards Taiwan-fu, that port being an open roadstead, it is not safe for 
 vessels to venture there during the south-west monsoon. From 21st June 
 to 7th October only one vessel, a schooner of 103 tons, cleared from 
 that port. Though, since the latter date, several vessels have visited 
 Taiwan-fu, the trade during the last quarter has principally consisted in 
 imports. Two-thirds of the tonnage at Taiwan-fu during the last 
 quarter has cleared in ballast, and even as regards the remaining one-third 
 hardly any vessel has taken a full cargo. Of the total amount of duties 
 collected in Taiwan-fu during the same period, only Haikwan 248 taels, 
 9 cash, or rather less than one-tenth of the whole, consist of export 
 duties ; the remaining nine-tenths are composed of import and coast trade 
 duties. 
 
 As regards Takow, though business here during the quarter ended 
 September 30th was pretty brisk, yet the return of duties was small. 
 The reason of this I have already to some extent explained ; in addition, I 
 
n 
 
 CHLNA. 
 
 must ijMMBt out that the -p-Tiiieipal article of export during^ tkat quarter was 
 rice, uTider pass to Amoy, upon which no duty was Gollected. Buring the 
 last quarter trade has been nearly nil. During the whole quarter only 
 twenty vessels have -cleared from this port. On two occasions we have 
 been for a weet at a tim« without a siiigle vessel in the port, and two or 
 three times we have had only one or two, and during the whole quarter 
 we have never "had more than four vessels in the port at one time. We 
 can iiiai-dJy expect a lat^ return for the trade of tiis p®rt during tfae 
 north-east monsoon, as the importance «f Takow arises from its being the 
 port of Taiwan-fu during the south-west monsoon. 
 
 The chief exports from Taiwan-fu and Takow are sugar, turmeric and 
 sesamun seeds. The first of the new sugar has only just now come into 
 the market. The country people bave been bolding in the hopes of 
 obtaining a better price. No turmeric has as yet been exported this 
 season, and sesamum .seeds will not come in till summer. 
 
 I Jiavfi drawn «ut some tables, which I give below, comparing the 
 trade ©f Jtbe two yeajs 1.864 and J.865. 
 
 Table No. I — Showing the increase and decrease in 1865 Sn the 
 principal articles of iniiport, as compaasd -with the fourteen months 
 ended :31st Becember, .1 §64. 
 
 DeseriptJon of Gonads. 
 
 Cotton piece goods — 
 
 JBrocades . , . . , . Pieces 
 
 Shirtings, grey „ 
 
 „ -white . . . . „ 
 
 r-cloths ., ,. .. „ 
 
 Turlcej -red cambrics ... ..;. „ 
 
 Metals, tin . . . . . . FictUs 
 
 Nankeens . . . .. .. ,, 
 
 Opium .. ., .. .. n 
 
 Peas . . . . . . . . „ 
 
 Tobacco, prepared . . . . ,, 
 
 Woollen goods-T- 
 
 Ca<iiilet9, Eaglish . . . . Changs , 
 
 „ Dutch .. ,. „ 
 
 Xasfings ... . . . . ,, 
 
 Long ^Is ., .. .. „ 
 
 1864. f 
 
 1865. 
 
 Inorease.il Deercase. 
 
 200 
 
 £06 
 
 2,650 
 
 11,B97 
 
 900' 
 
 8,'500 ' 
 
 300 
 
 2,'20O • 
 
 399 
 
 4,800 
 
 j68 
 
 ZB-Sj 
 
 762 
 
 2,120 , 
 
 1,104 
 
 1,569 
 
 1,212' 
 
 4.537 
 
 '900 
 
 '3,132 1 
 
 2,304 
 73B 
 201 
 44fl 
 
 10,118 
 
 714 
 
 1,449 
 
 i;821 
 
 406 - 
 9,047 ' 
 •2,600 ' 
 1,900 I 
 4,401 
 
 220 
 1,358 
 
 465 
 3,325 
 2,232 
 
 7,814 
 
 1,24? 
 1,381 
 
 U 
 
 Table No. II — Showing the increase and decrease in the principal 
 articles of export in 1865,, as coiapared with the fourteen jnontlis 
 ended 31st December, 1864.. 
 
 Description ef Exports. 
 
 .1864, , 
 
 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Deixease. 
 
 Ground nirts . . . . . . Piciils . . ' 
 
 Grcrand nut cakes . . . . „ 
 
 liemp ... • . ... • . „ n*'. 
 
 Lung-ngans with stones.. . ... „ 
 
 ,„ without stones ... „ ...\ 
 ISessamum seed . . . . ... „ • . , 
 
 Sugar, "brown . . . , . . „ . . ' 
 
 ., w5iite „ ..' 
 
 Turmeric . ... .. .. -,, 
 
 1;925 
 5,377 
 1595 
 2,949 
 4,488 
 5,195 
 108,517 ' 
 8,775 
 5,765 
 
 6,744 
 
 12,056; 
 
 1,849 
 
 2,426' 
 
 2,633 
 
 5,723 
 
 117,057 
 
 28,K35i 
 
 4,101 
 
 4,81-9' 
 
 7,'679 
 
 l;254 
 
 "528; 
 
 8,540 
 
 20,060' 
 
 •« 
 
 "523 
 
 .1,B5S 
 
 'iJBeit 
 
TAJtfOW. 
 
 73 
 
 Table No. Ill — Showing the tonnage which entered and cleaved in 1865, 
 as compared with the tisurteen mmiths ended 3 let Deoember, 1864. 
 
 Tonnage. 
 
 ' ■ ■ . ' ( 
 
 .Entered. 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 Tlag. 
 
 1864. 
 
 i — 
 
 T865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 American . . . . 
 
 Bremen , . . . I 
 
 British .. 
 
 Danish 
 
 Dutch 
 
 French 
 
 Hamburgh . 
 
 Hanoserian 
 
 Ha.iizaiiaii „, 
 
 Prussian , . 
 Pqitbi^ese . 
 Spamsh . , 
 
 2, 
 
 as 
 
 43 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 33 
 
 7 
 
 ""3 
 
 7 
 
 '480: 
 ,7,682 
 6,785 ; 
 
 '539 
 
 7,626 . 
 
 815 
 
 "654 
 ]^069 
 
 13 
 
 20, 
 42; 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 .25 . 
 
 10; 
 
 1 
 .3 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 1,584 
 4,928 ■ 
 6,106 
 ,3,829 
 705 
 1,066 
 5,8,85 . 
 1,401 
 150 . 
 636 
 826 
 339 
 193 
 
 "2 
 
 35 
 
 47 ' 
 
 2 
 
 ,31 , 
 
 8 
 
 "3 . 
 6 
 
 '48Q . 
 '7.,178 
 7,435 
 1 
 
 "539 
 
 7,1£3 
 
 ■ 8.95 
 
 "654 
 861 
 
 • • 
 
 12 
 
 44. 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 26 
 
 '\. 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 1,411 
 
 4,^80 
 
 6,446 
 
 3,65? 
 
 990 
 
 1,592 
 
 ,6.,060 
 
 1,526 
 
 150 
 
 «54 
 
 809 
 
 339 
 
 0913 
 
 Totals , ., 
 
 135 
 
 25,450 
 
 1.52 
 
 27,648 
 
 134 
 
 25,207 
 
 159 
 
 29, 0,0,9 
 
 By the first Tablle you will see jSiat there has beeii an increase in £ke 
 imports of all the arliicles named, with the exception of Dutch camlet^ in 
 v^eh article there h4s been a sliglht falling, off. 
 
 The second Table shows that thea'e has been an increase in all the 
 articles of export named, with the exception of Inng-ngans and turmeric 
 With regard to the linng-ngans, we Ihad a severe typhoon when the trees 
 •were in blossom, which .stripped the trees bare, and the crop has been an 
 entire failure. The few lung-ngans which .have been exported this yeair 
 were the remains of the crop of 1S64. The turmeric crop has also been a 
 poor fine. The export of a:ice has been so much affected by the restric- 
 tioJts, 'that I have not Q0DsS,dered jt-afair article for comparison. There 
 appears to be very litjtle difference iu the return of tlie shipping ibr tire 
 two years. 
 
 In comparing the two Returns, it must be taken into account that, in 
 the first place, they do not represent the same length of time, the one 
 being an account of the trpide from:^6th October, 1S63, to 31«t DeoeiHsber, 
 1864, or a little moise than fourteen months; and the .other from i«t 
 January, 1865, to 3lst Decewfeerj l^B5, or just twelve months. And on 
 the other hand, that fche latter retarm is f«r the -trade of TaJtow and 
 Taiwan-fu, whereas the former is for T*kaw tonly, as Taiwan-fu was snot 
 at that time open to foreign trade, 
 
 ..JLast year all the ojpiujn ji¥-ex;ported was to Taiwan-fu, hut as we now 
 k)©k upon the ports -of Takow land Taiwan-fu -as one port, we have not 
 reported the re-exports to the fprrarer place. 
 
 Upon ^he whole, there appejirs to be a -satisfactory increase of tradp 
 during the past year, and fhe increase would doubtless be greater in the 
 copsring ye^r if we cojiM ipducei the Chinese au'thorities ±0 take off the 
 resti'iction from the epcport of riice.; but thjo.ugh tjje cr.qps of rice this year 
 were very goodj-rice is still deaj",''and the Taotai fear.s a rebellion if he 
 ventures upon, such a step. ' 
 
 I am, &c. ' 
 
 (Signed), HENRIJATVTES FISHEE, 
 
 To iRobert Hart, Escj., . . Amiatant in Charge^ 
 
 , la^ectflT-General of Customs. 
 
74 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Swatow for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, Swatow, January 31, 1866. 
 
 I HAVE the honour to submit the following remarks on the trade of 
 this port for the past year : — . 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Our general import trade compares favourably with that of 1864, 
 showing an increase on the total estimated value of 2,314,191 dollars. 
 The following comparative Table shows the principal imports for the two 
 years : — 
 
 Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Shirtings, grey . 
 
 . Pieces , 
 
 20,986 
 
 41,111 
 
 , , 
 
 20,125 
 
 „ white 
 
 • 
 
 8,271 
 
 10,319 
 
 
 2,048 
 
 r-cloths 
 
 . j» . 
 
 7,000 
 
 12,810 
 
 , . 
 
 5,810 
 
 American drills 
 
 
 814 
 
 1,127 
 
 ., 
 
 313 
 
 Dyed cottons . . 
 
 )» . 
 
 2,700 
 
 2,711 
 
 , , 
 
 11 
 
 Turkey reds . , 
 
 . It • 
 
 410 
 
 2,814 
 
 
 2,404 
 
 Other cotton goods . 
 
 . )j . 
 
 2,492 
 
 2,037 
 
 355 
 
 .. 
 
 Woollens 
 
 ji 
 
 5,128 
 
 5,772 
 
 
 644 
 
 Opium, Malwa . 
 
 . Chests . 
 
 2,163 
 
 1,287 
 
 "876 
 
 ,. 
 
 „ Patna . 
 
 . »f • 
 
 2,215 
 
 2,763 
 
 , . 
 
 548 
 
 Cotton yarn . . 
 
 . Piculs . 
 
 2,541 
 
 4,249 
 
 , , 
 
 1,708 
 
 Cotton . 
 
 »* 
 
 50,584 
 
 58,170 
 
 
 7,586 
 
 Bean cake 
 
 
 1,028,091 
 
 896,619 
 
 131,472 
 
 
 Beans and peas 
 
 • », 
 
 253,047 
 
 297,262 
 
 
 44,225 
 
 Medicine 
 
 
 4,112 
 
 6,130 
 
 
 2,018 
 
 Oil 
 
 . tt ' 
 
 5,720 
 
 7,044 
 
 
 1,324 
 
 Pepper, black . . 
 
 . If 
 
 1,235 
 
 1,865 
 
 , , 
 
 630 
 
 „ white . 
 
 . »> . 
 
 92 
 
 185 
 
 
 93 
 
 Rice 
 
 
 107,164 
 
 644,621 
 
 
 537,457 
 
 Wheat 
 
 . 13 ' 
 
 14,487 
 
 55,667 
 
 
 41,180 
 
 Vermicelli 
 
 
 5,562 
 
 6,291 
 
 
 729 
 
 JExports. 
 
 Our export trade shows a great falling off in comparison with that of 
 1864. This decline is not easily to be accounted for, although, doubtless, 
 the over speculation of the past two years, and the heavy losses incurred 
 thereby, must have had some influence. The annexed Table gives a com- 
 parative statement of our chief exports : — 
 
 Goods. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Sugar, white . . 
 
 . Piculs . 
 
 329,662 
 
 230,977 
 
 98,685 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, brown .. 
 
 
 352,278 
 
 298,510 
 
 53,768 
 
 ,, 
 
 Paper, 1st quality 
 
 • ji . 
 
 5,019 
 
 6,410 
 
 , , 
 
 1,391 
 
 „ 2nd quality 
 
 
 30,507 
 
 8,384 
 
 22,123 
 
 ., 
 
 China ware, coarse 
 
 
 10,513 
 
 13,905 
 
 , . 
 
 3,392 
 
 Grass cloth, coarse 
 
 • »f • 
 
 1,152 
 
 1,726 
 
 ,, 
 
 574 
 
 • > fine 
 
 
 30 
 
 41 
 
 , , 
 
 11 
 
 Medicines 
 
 
 768 
 
 814 
 
 ,, 
 
 46 
 
 Pottery . 
 
 
 1,206 
 
 1,005 
 
 200 
 
 , , 
 
 Potatoe flour , . 
 
 ,» • . 
 
 2,430 
 
 7,698 
 
 ,. 
 
 5,268 
 
 Shoes 
 
 . Pairs .. 
 
 38,965 
 
 48,631 
 
 ,, 
 
 9,666 
 
 Tobacco . 
 
 . Piculs . 
 
 6,612 
 
 7,920 
 
 , , 
 
 1,408 
 
 ., leaf .. 
 
 . 
 
 779 
 
 365 
 
 414 
 
 .. 
 
CANTON. 75' 
 
 Tonnage,^ 
 The Targe importation of rice at the commencement of the year caused 
 a considerable augmentation in our tonnage ; and we number 388 vessels 
 entered, tonnage 223,853 ; and 581 vessels cleared, tonnage 220,203 ,- 
 while, in 1864, there were 472 vessels ent(3red, tonnage 168,945: showing, 
 in 1865, an increase of 116 vessels entered, tonnage 53,992 ; and 112 
 vessels cleared, tonnage 51,259. 
 
 General HemarRs. 
 Our trade has been more or less disturbed throughout the year by the 
 unsettled state of the country, the rebels seriously interfering with the 
 transit of goods to or from the interior. They are at present in partial 
 possession of the city of " Chai-ying-chou," one of the chief passes into 
 Kiang-si, the principal market for our opium. The continued high prices 
 of produce at the northern ports precluding the possibility of obtaining 
 remunerative returns for ventures from this port, have likewise tended to 
 depress our trade to a very considerable extent. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) H. D. WILLIAMS, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Canton for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 
 Canton, January 31, 1866. 
 I HAVE to report an increase of 7,352,000 dollars in the foreign 
 trade of this port, for the year ended the 31st of December, 1865, as 
 shown in the following Tables : — 
 
 Total value of Imports in Mexican dollars. 
 For the year 1865. Goods . . . 10,556,000 
 
 Treasure .. 3,421,000 
 
 13,977,000 
 
 For the year 1864. Goods . .. 8,192,000 
 
 Treasure .. 2,828,000 
 
 11,020,000 
 
 2,957,000 
 
 Total value of Exports in Mexican dollars. 
 For the year 1865. Goods . .. .. 18,054,000 
 
 Ditto 13,659,000 
 
 4,395,000 
 
 Total dollars 7,352,000 
 
 The increase in duties and tonnage dues for the same period is 
 116,000 taels, divided as follows : — 
 
 Import duty for 1865 230,500 
 
 1864 194,200 
 
 ■— 36,300 
 
 From which deduct difference In coast trade account, 
 
 amount entered as received in 1864 over 1865 .. .. 10,300 
 
 26,000 
 Export duty for 1865 . .... .. .. 576,400 • 
 
 1864 489,700 
 
 87,700 
 
 Tonnage dues for 1865 22,200 
 
 1864 19.900 
 
 2,300 
 
 Making a total of taels . . . . . . 116,000 
 
 [167] G 
 
7© 
 
 CHIITA. 
 
 The various oflBces were instructed in the early part of the year not 
 to accept export duty certificates after the 31st of March last, except, on 
 such goods as came direct to a Treaty port. Up to that time, native 
 produce arriving frctra. Hong; Kong; accompanied by an export duty 
 certificate, paid half duty, which was carried to coast trade account;, 
 conseqjuently, the amount of 25,000 taels entered under the heading of 
 Coast Trade Duty for 1864, included all -native produce received by foreign 
 vessels. Hong Kong having been placed on the same footing as a foreign 
 port in March 1865, full duty has been charged on all goods arriving feom 
 there since that time, and the amount carried to import duty account ; 
 therefore the coast trade account is 10,300 taels less than that of the 
 .previous year. 
 
 The total export of tea for last year shows an excess of 3,700 pecuTs 
 over that of the year before. At the close of I86"4 there was a stock 
 on hand of about 14,000 pecul^, which has been shipped ofi' this year, 
 and is included in the total amount ; therefore there is a falling off in the 
 export of more than 10,000 peculs. It is generally believed that, in 
 consequence of the demand at Hankow, the receipts at this port from the 
 other provinces will continue to decrease. 
 
 Cotton has been received from Bombay during the year to the extent 
 of about 50,000 peculs ; and now that the American war is over, the 
 importation will no doubt gradually increase to what it was five years ago. 
 An increase of 15,000 peculs in the amount of native cotton passed this 
 office is to be noticed ; this is^ owing in a measure to the low rate of freight 
 charged by the river steamers, which has induced importers to bring it up 
 by them, rather than by native craft. 
 
 The following Table shows the variation in the importation of cotton 
 goods : — 
 
 
 
 1864. 
 
 : 1865, 
 
 Cottons — 
 
 
 
 Dyed, figured, and plaio .. 
 
 Pieces .. 
 
 14,000 
 
 i 9,000 
 
 Damasks . . 
 
 7, 
 
 ?00 
 
 1,000 
 
 Printed and fencj[ . 
 
 » • • 
 
 7,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 Shirtings, grey 
 
 », 
 
 44,000 
 
 80,000 
 
 ,, white .. 
 
 31 
 
 42,000 
 
 52,000 
 
 r-cloths, 24 yards . 
 
 It • • 
 
 22,000 
 
 29,000 
 
 The difference in the importation of shirting, say 35,000 pieces of 
 -grey, and 10,000 pieces of white, can be attributed to the short import of 
 the two previous years. A large portion of the purchases of the above- 
 named goods made in Hong Kong, being brought up in native boats, does 
 not pass the foreign Inspectorate, therefore no estimate can be made at 
 this office of the amount actually imported into the province. 
 
 The import of opium remains about the same as last year, as will be 
 seen by the following Table : — 
 
 
 .. Piculs .. 
 
 • > )j ■ > 
 ■ • it • • 
 
 1864. 
 
 • 1865. 
 
 Opium, Malwa 
 „ Patna 
 
 1,180 
 1,310 
 
 1,330 
 . 1,041 
 
 Total 
 
 2,490 
 
 2,371 
 
 The amount stated above is about one-tenth of the entire importation, 
 the remaining nine-tenths being smuggled. 
 
 The levying of tonnage dues on foreign vessels bringing rice to this 
 port, has the effect of almost entirely stopping the importation in other 
 
fcANTON. 77 
 
 than '"native craft. Last year seven foreign vessels arrived, bringing 
 65,000 peculs, while the year before nine came in. with 71,000 peculs. 
 
 The import of silk piece goo,ds has risen from 363 peculs in 1864, to 
 548 peculs in 1865. This can be attributed to the cessation of hostilities 
 in the neighbourhood of Soo-chow, which has enabled the weavers to spin 
 a costly iiind of cloth, which finds a ready market among the wealthy 
 of this province.^ 
 
 The export of cassia, fire crackers, and matting, has been large, owing 
 to the demand for America. The following Table shows the movement in 
 these ai-ticles : — 
 
 
 .„ Ficuls .. 
 '.'. Roils !'. 
 
 , 1864, 
 
 1865. 
 
 Cassia . 
 
 Fire crackers . 
 
 Matting 
 
 ' 13,000 
 11,000 
 37,000 
 
 23,000 
 20,000 
 59.000 
 
 In consequence of a large demand from England, the export of raw 
 and thrown silk has risen from 2,800 peculs in 1864, to 8,700 peculs in 
 1865. 
 
 The export of wild raw silk for, last year i« l,500i peculs more than 
 that of the year beforej which is owing to the fact of the crop being 
 nnusually large. This description of silk is sent to India, where it finds a 
 ready sale. 
 
 In consequence of the small demand from foreigners, the export of 
 silk piece goods has fallen to 3,300 peculs, against 4,100 peculs in 1 864. 
 
 The demand for sugar from the northern ports having increased, the 
 export last year reached 90,0,00 peculs, against 65,500 peculs the previous 
 year. 
 
 Large quantities of brass buttons are manufactured here, and sent to 
 the northern ports. In 1860 there was shipped from this port 450 peculs, 
 valued at 35,000 dollars,, while last year there was an export of nearly 
 4,000 peculs,, valued at 350,000 dollars. 
 
 Coolie emigrants have been sent during the past year to the British 
 West Indies, under the protection of the English Government ; and to 
 Havanna and Peru, under the protection of the French Government. Six 
 vessels' clear for British West Indies, taking 2,073 coolies; two for 
 Havanna, taking 611 coolies ; and two for Peru,, taking 859 coolies. 
 
 During the past year a new steam-boat company has been organized, 
 and there are now two steamers arriving from' Hong Kong, and two 
 departing for that place each day. The additional facilities for conveying 
 goods, and the low rates of freight charged, tend to develop trade, but it 
 is a question if the benefit is felt much beyond the immediate neigbourhood 
 of the city, for it is supposed that the 'country people send the larger 
 portion of their productions to, and receive nearly all their foreign supplies 
 from. Hong Kong by native boats. 
 
 The following Tables exhibit what portion of trade is done by sailing 
 vessels, and what by river steamers : — 
 
 Duties for the year 1864, exclusive of Coast Trade and Tonnage Dues. 
 
 Taels. Taels. 
 Imports by sailing vessels .. .. .. 6,100 
 
 „ river steamers ,, .. •• 188,000 
 
 194,100 
 
 Export by sailing vessels .. .. .. 323,100 
 
 river steamers .. .. .. 165,600 
 
 488 700 
 
 Total .. 682,800 
 
 3 2 
 
78 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Duties for the year 1865, exclusive of Coast Trade and Tonnage Dues. 
 
 Taels. Taels. 
 Imports by sailing vessels . . , , , , 6,000 
 
 „ river steamers . . . . . . 223,000 
 
 229,000 
 
 Exports by sailing vessels . . . . . . 361,000 
 
 „ river steamers ,, .. .. 215,000 
 
 576,000 
 
 Total 
 
 805,000 
 
 It is thus proved that there has been an increase in the import duties 
 paid by the river steamers of 35,000 taels, and in the export duties of 
 50,000 taels. The import duty by sailing vessels remains about the same, 
 while the export duty is 40,000 taels in excess. 
 
 The follovf ing comparative statement' gives the tonnage for the years 
 1864 and 1865:— 
 
 
 Entered. 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 
 In 1864. 
 
 In 1865. 
 
 In 1864. 
 
 In 1865. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Sailing vessels 
 Steamers , . 
 
 218 
 629 
 
 93,443 
 259,306 
 
 310 
 583 
 
 135,619 
 349,475 
 
 226 
 629 
 
 94,892 
 259,306 
 
 303 
 583 
 
 133,497 
 349,475 
 
 Total . . 
 
 847 
 
 352,749 
 
 893 
 
 485,094 
 
 855 
 
 354,198 
 
 886 
 
 482,972 
 
 By the above it will be seen that the river steamers made forty-six trips 
 less last year than the year before, but with an excess of 90,000 tons. 
 This excess is apparent only, arriving from the fact that one of the river 
 steamers of 700 tons was reported as being of 2,300 tons, and was entered 
 in the books of the office at that rate for four months. 
 
 In 1864 there were 218 sailing vessels entered, of which 157, 
 measuring 74,346 tons, were in ballast ; and there were cleared outward 
 225, of which 108, measuring 46,840 tons, were in ballast, showing that 
 of 157 vessels coming into port empty, 49 took cargo away with them. 
 The returns for the past year exhibit a decided improvement, for of 310 
 vessels entered, 227 of them, measuring 102,023 tons, were in ballast; 
 and of 303 cleared, 134, measuring 58,875 tons, were in ballast, thus 
 showing that 93 of the vessels arriving in ballast found employment. 
 
 (Signed) GEO. B. GLOVER, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Commerce de Shanghai, pendant VAnnee 1865. 
 
 Shanghai, le 1 Fevrier, 1866. 
 
 L'annee 1865 restera par excellence dans la mimoire des negociants 
 de Shanghai comme une ann^e de grands contrastes, — une annee de pertes 
 immenses et de beaux profits. 
 
 Qui n'a encore piiesentes .a la pens^e les douloureuses 6motions, les 
 cruelles angoisses 6prouvees dans sa premiere moiti6 ? 
 
 Les malles n'apportaient sur la liquidation de 1864 que des nouvelles 
 facheuses : le the perdait 60 pour cent.'Te coton ne trouvait pas d'acheteurs. 
 A chacune d'elles ou voyait avec regret quelque maison de commerce 
 vieille et respectee tomber en entrainant dans sa chute les maisons 
 
SH^NGHAE. 79 
 
 secondaires qui en d^pendaient. D'une autre part les speculations locales 
 tentSes en vue d'un 6tat de choses irrevocablement pass6 se tournaient 
 contra leurs auteurs : les rebelles 6t,aient detruits et par suite les riiilliers , 
 de refugies qui ^talent venus chercher asile dans les concessions etaient, 
 rentrfis dans leurs foyers, laissant dans I'abandon les longues rangees de 
 maisons baties expr^s pour eux et reduisant a une valeur presque nuUe des 
 terrains achates a des prix exager^s. 
 
 „-. La saison d'^xportation s'ouvrit sous des auspices defavorables ; les 
 this se payaient trop cher, les soies aussi. Plus d'un commergant force 
 d'acLeter dut craindre de nouveaux m6comptes ; nous verrons qu'heureusa- 
 nient il ne se sont pas realises. La seconde moitie de I'annee non seulement 
 n'aura pas justifi6 ces pressentiments, niais encore aura repare sinon tout- 
 a-fait du ntioins en parlia les d^sastres de la premiere et si I'orage a €te 
 terrible et marque encore par de trlstes ruines, ses effets sont deja bien 
 attenues pour ceux qui ont pu le soutenir et qui, decourages un instant, 
 peuvent maintenant poursuivre leurs labeurs avec confiance et bon espoir. 
 Ayant a decrire les phases du commerce du Shanghai pendant l'ann6e 
 qui vient de secouler, nous nous felicitous pour notre conipte que la tache 
 soit plus agreable que pendant longtemps nous ne devions I'esperer et, 
 qu'au lieu de revers nouveaux, nous ayons a presenter comme conclusion 
 des resultats satisfaitants et des perspectives rassurantes. 
 
 I.— Commerce Etranger. 
 
 Importations. — La Table No. IV de la Ire division des statistiques, 
 nous indique que le total net des importations et des exportations 
 etrangeres est de 64,745,945 taels, quand en 1864 il 6tait de 60,622,571 
 taels; c'est done une augmentation de 4,123,374 taels au benefice de 
 1865* 
 
 L'importation des produits Strangers qui en 1 864 s'^levait a 30,000,000 
 de taels, s'eleve en 1865 a 35,000,000 de taels; c'est sur les cotonnades, 
 les lainagas et I'opium, qu'a porte sunout cette augmentation consider- 
 able. 
 
 Cotonnades Grises {Grey Shirtings'). — L'importation des cotonnades 
 et des lainages n'avait jamais ^te aussi brillante. Les cotonnades grises 
 (grey shirtings) sont montees de 549,041 pieces — chiffre de 1864 — a 
 1,291,865 pieces. Les grandes exportations de coton des annees pr^ce- 
 dentes ayant rendu en chine le prix du textile tres elev6 et diminud la 
 fabrication des itoffes indigenes, les cotonnades etrangeres ont naturelle- 
 ment attire une demande tr^s active et commanue des prix avantageux. . . 
 
 En IMars, lorsque les eaux du Peiho s'ouvrirent a la navigation et que 
 Ton put aborder le marchg de Tien-tsin, le prix monta jusqu'a 4"35 taels 
 par 6|- catties : le taux moyens de I'annee a et6 de 3'75 taels. Les nego- 
 ciants de Chine se sont 6mus de trouver parmi les cotonnades grises 
 arriv6es d'Europe une grande proportion de pieces frappees d'une deteriora- 
 tion qui les font qualifier par les Anglais de " mildewed," terme qui en 
 Frangais se traduirait 'peut-etre par le mot " broiiies." 'Dans la premiere 
 partie de 1865, 15 pour cent a peupres de cotonnades grises ont ete re9us 
 dans ces conditions et nous pvons pu le constater par les nombreuses 
 demandes de diminution de droits qui nous out alors 616 adressees. Rien 
 a la surface des ballots n'indiquait cetta deterioration ; mais en les ouvrant, ^ 
 ovi apercevait meiees a des pieces de bonne qualite brouies, les unes 
 siraplement tachees, les autres arrivees a un etat de corruption ties avance, 
 
 I * Nous dirons pour les personnes peu au couraut des choses de la Chine qu'a 
 Shanghai le tael vant en moyenne 8 francs. . , 
 
 . Le picul correspond a 60 kos. 453 et il se divise en 100 catties. 
 
80 CHINA. 
 
 de "ptmrriture meme et, en en reCherchant la oanse, on a d^couvert que les 
 fabricants en Angleterre ayant a se servir d'un coton infirieur et d'une 
 couleur moins pure que celle du coton Am6ricain employ^ anleiieuTement, 
 empesaient les etoffes non plus avec de I'amidon mais avec du ^' Silicate de 
 Soude " qui leur donne une teinte plus blanche, mais attaqne plus ou moins 
 leurs filires et les corrompt graduellement une fois qu'elles sont 
 empaquet^es. Qu'il y ait en cela fraude ou simplement erreur, les torts 
 causes au commerce de Chine n'ent ont pas moins 6t6 sSrieux materielle- 
 ment et moralement. Les negociants Chinois avaient I'habitude d'acheter 
 les cotomiades sur 6chantillon ; maintenant ils ouvrent les ballots et les 
 inspectent avec soin, montrant ainsi qua leurs yeux, le niveau de lear 
 confiance a baiss6. Des r6clamations nombreuses ont naturellement €tS 
 adress6es contre les fabriques ; mais elles n'ont pas abouti et ont kte 
 declarees non valables par les tribunaux, decision qui a rendu les nego- 
 ciants en Angleterre plus minutieux dans I'examen des colonnades qui 
 leur 6taient livrees et a fait diminuer la proportion <des etoffes brouies ; 
 vers la fin de I'annfie, cette proportion 6tait cependant encore de 10 pour 
 cent. Comme maintenant les fabriijnes ont 'toute facilite pour se procurer 
 du colon de meilleure quality, on espere que cet inconvenient vabientot 
 disparaftre. Le plus-lot sera le mieux ; car sans reparler des pertes 
 dfeja subies a Shanghai, une defiance plus ou moins marquee reste attaches 
 aux colonnades grises et comme leur Scoulement est en progrfes, il serait a 
 regretter qu'il f'ut arret6 par des precedes qui, coupables ou non, sont 
 certainement taxes de " mauvaise i'oi " par les Chinois. 
 
 Les 6tofies brouies se sont prineipalment icoulees sur la place de 
 Shangliai ou des debitanls de second ordre les ont achetees a prix reduits. 
 
 'Cotonnades Stanches {White Shvrtings). — L'impoTtation des colon- 
 nades blanches est restee slationnaire : 212,097 pieces en 1865 ; 2r2,2a6 
 pieces en 1864. En Avril et Mai, les prix de vente etaient bons -et 
 annon^aient un commerce aclif, mais les demandes n'ont pas continue. 
 II est "k, remarquer que cetle annee beaucoup de cotonnades blanches et 
 grises ont 6t6 expMi'6es par la voie de Suez. Sur les autres cotonnades, 
 uue diminution d'importation est a con stater ; les Chinois n'en ayant pas 
 un besoin aussi absolu, ont limile leurs echats devant les prix eieves de 
 ces articles. Sur I'article T-cloths, la difference des deux ann6es n'est 
 pas trSs gran de : 156,765 pieces contre 171,340. Ces itolfes sont assez 
 en faveur parcequ'elJes se rapprochent beaucoup des etoffes indigenes de 
 mfeme espece ; un &oulement considerable leur est assure par la suite. 
 
 Pour I'article " chintzes and furnitures," la difference est sensible : 
 86,736 pieces contre 123,119. Pour les mouchoirs, elle est plus sensible 
 eiicore : 21,997 douzaines contre "98,166. Pour les colonnades Am§ri- 
 caines (American drills, jeans, and sheetings) I'importation jadis consider- 
 able est devenue presque nnlle, et on peut Toir par le tableau suivant 
 quel dommage la guerre leur a occasioni. 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 1864 12,787 
 
 1865 2,738 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 1861 403,638 
 
 1862 99,744 
 
 1863 .. .. ,. 21,290 
 
 Toutefois, cette depression sur quelques articles afiecte pen le 
 commerce total des cotonnades qui, comme nous Tavous tu, marque en 
 1865 par un grand accroissement d'importa-tion 'et de beaux profits. 
 Comme prix, et surtout maintenant qu'elles peuvent etre vendues a 
 meilleur marcie que les ann6es prScedentes, les cotonnades Anglaises 
 peovent aisememt lutter avec les cotonnades indigenes, et la pretiereiice 
 que les Chinois donnaient S, celles-ci est loin d'etre aussi ferte. On 
 pense que le prix de ces dernieres restera encore hattt, car les plaies 
 
ont abime les recoltes de coton dans les provinces du littora'l et 'oelles 
 dfi I'ouest oil la culture du textile est la plus etendue ; aussi les nego- 
 ciaiitS'de Shang-hai eomptent-ils sur «n commerce considerable de coton- 
 nades pour 1866. 
 
 Lttinages (Woollens). — Les statistiques donnent aussi une preuve bien 
 frappante de I'appreciation ci-oissatite des Chindis pour les lainag-es. 
 Les 'camekrts Anglais (English camlets) de 74,771 pieces en 1864, sont 
 momtfis en 1'86S au chiffre des 115,115 ; les prix ont pen vari6 pendant 
 Tamife e^t sont Testes entre 17 et 19 taels pour les qualites ordinaires. 
 Les " Butch camlets " ont etc de 23 a 24 taels pendant les premiers moi& 
 de lannee ; de 25 a 39 dans la seconde moitig. Les " Spanish stripes," 
 sont months de 31,507 pieces a 47,430 ; les Cbinois apprecient c^ article 
 de plus en plus. Les " scarlet long ells " ont subi une petite diminution : 
 11J,646 pieces en 1865 contre 128,810 en 1864; mais leurs prix out et& 
 trds avantageux ; ils ont 6te expedies surtout sur Hankow, ou ils sont en 
 pfl'us granide demandfe qne partout ailleurs. Les lustras et Orleans oat 
 une sugmentation notable : 186,329 pieces contre 136,591 «d 1864. Lea 
 artides de eette cafcegorie, que les Anglais appellent " figured," donneift 
 a peu pres 30 pour cent d'augmentation ; les Chinois fln viendraient, dit- 
 tm, a les substituer graduellennent a leurs soieries, ce qui leur assurerait 
 une Ttwportatioii tonjours progressive. 
 
 .Mlumettes, Aiguilles, Sfc, '^c. — Apres les cotonnades et ks lainages, 
 nous ne trouvons plus a citer comme artides manufactures de I'Occident 
 adoptes par les Chinois que les aiguilles, les allumettes, les inontres et les 
 Ibohes a musique ; les autres sont insignifiants. Le commerce desaiguilles 
 est en grande augmentation: 271,134 Idts de milk ont ete impwtfis en 
 1865, qnand 66,B25 lots de mille seulement avaieHt«te impoftes en 1864 j 
 Tien-tsin en est le marehe principal. Les allumettes sont dans le meme 
 <!as et figurent -sur ks -statistiques ponr 47,894 grosses, quand «n 1865 
 rimportation n'a ete que de 16,201 grasses. Le commerce des mootres 
 'est reste k mieme pour les deux annees «t s'elSve pour chacune a un peu 
 'pdiiB de 45i000 ta'els. Les boites a musique paraissent perdre de 'kstr- 
 •feveur: kur totail est de 8,000 taels audesaous de celai de 1'864. Ces 
 differeffts articles vkiment en grande partie de I'Europe continentak et 
 composent k ■commerce le plus serieux qu'elk ait avec Shanghai, mais ils 
 n'j sont pas apportis directement et sont kisses parks navires a Singapmie 
 ■^t a Hong- Kong. C'est ponr cela qu'ils ne fignrent pas a la tabkoonsacvSe 
 sp^oiakment aux importations dn continent. 
 
 'Opvwm. — Dans le but de corriger ses snjets de Ihisage de I'flpium, le 
 GoQivernement Chinois a prdhibS d'line mauiere rigoureuse la culture du. 
 -fisveit Awas les provinces du Sz-tchuen et du 'Shansi ; mais cette prohibi- 
 lion dont les sffets ont ete reels dans ces provinces et ont diminue la pro- 
 duction de I'opium indigene, a manque son but reformatenr et n'a eu qu'un 
 resultat, celui d'augmeiiter I'importation de Topium etranga-. L opium de 
 Malwa^t de Patna qui donnait'ponr 1864 nn total de 28,881 pionls, donae 
 ■pour 1863'un total de 33,438. Le premier est monte de 435 taels le 
 picul a 650 et .700 taels ■: le second est monte de 320 taek a 450 taels *t 
 ■48©. L'opium de Benares figurait en 1864 pour picnls 1,212; il itgiure 
 en 1865 pour 2,637. L'opium de Perse a peine importe auparavant, passe 
 cette annee an chiffre de 533 liiculs 25 : l'opium de Turquie tfigure pour 
 '69picQls 89. C'est pour 1865, un total de 36,'680 piculs d'opium d'une 
 Takur de 17,769,726 taels; a 2,000,000 de taels pres, 50 pour centide 
 Timportation totale des pays 'Strangers. 
 
 "Le Tri&sor du pays doit a la drogue malfaisante de priScieuses resources; 
 cette aBDce elk apayiS a la dtraane de Shanghai 783j457 taels, plus des 
 droits considgraibles pour le transit dans riflterieur. Le tableau «lreet6 
 
82, CHINA. 
 
 sp6cialement dans les statistiques aa commerce ae 1 opium en divise 
 I'importation totale en 20,000 piculs re-exportes a Ning-po et dans les 
 ports dii Nord et dii Yang-tze et en 14,440 piculs debarqu6s a Shanghai 
 pour la consommation du port et de I'int^rieur de la province. Pour les 
 ports du Yang-tze, il est assez curieux que ce soit Tchenn-kiang ou la 
 quantite imoortee est la plus considerable ; cela tient au voisinage d'un 
 riche marche nomme Sien-nin-miao, qui auparavant s'approvisionnait a 
 Shanghai par des barques indigenes et maintenant se fait exp6dier 1' opium- 
 par les steamers. En comparant entr'elles les importations de I'opium 
 pour une dizaine d'ann^es, nous avons constat^ un fait qui nous a surpris : 
 c'est que le commerce de I'opium a peu b6n6fici§ de I'ouverture des 
 nouveaux ports, obtenue par le Traite de Tien-tsin. En 1856, quand les 
 " receiving ships " ne pouvaient encore s'aligner devant le " bund " de 
 Shanghai et restaient mouillis a Woosung, les delivrances des especes de 
 Malwa et de Patna s'elevaient deja a 33,672 caisses, quand en 1865 elies 
 ne sont que de 33,348 caisses. A certaines epoques de I'annie, de grands 
 convois de jonques le chargeaient pour les ports du Nord et imprimaient a 
 Shanghai un surcroit temporaire d'activite. Faut-il en conclure d'une 
 maniere genirale que I'ouverture de ces ports n'a ete d'aucune utility pour 
 le commerce etranger? Pour I'opium, pour I'exportation des prodnits 
 Chinois vers r6tranger, il en est ainsi ; mais pour les articles manufac- 
 tures, les m6taux, un coup d.'oeil sur les statistiques de plusiers ann6es 
 prouve que I'avantage retir6 des nouveaux d6bouch6s qui leur ont ete 
 efforts, ne saurait faire I'objet d'un doute. 
 
 Metaux. — L'exploitation tres imparfaite des mines de la Chine, les 
 
 precedes encore primitif? appliques a la fabrication des m6taux, ne 
 
 permettent pas aux metaux indigenes de faire une concurrence apjirebiable 
 
 a,ux m6taux etrangers. L'importation du fer niarchand (nail rod iron) 
 
 -est en 1865 de 128,702 piculs, quand en 1864 elle n'etait que de 90,601 
 
 piculs : le continent en a fourni pour piculs 6,000 et c'est d'Angleterre 
 
 qu'est venu le reste. La vente du fer a ete facile et bien soutenue ; le prix 
 
 moyen a ete de 2^ taels le picul, prixauquel les fers de la Chine ne peuvent 
 
 etre livr6s. Ceux-ci ne s'obtiennent guere qu'&, faibles quantitSs et en 
 
 pieces de petites dimensions. Comrae quality, on peut en trouver de tres 
 
 bons : certains fers de Tien-tsin (Pe-tche-li) et de Wan-chew (Tche-kiang) 
 
 ne le cedent en rien aux meilleurs fers de Suede et nous savons qu'un 
 
 ' ^chantillon de ces fers qui fut envoye a Leeds il y a quelques annees fut 
 
 rotourne en Chine sous la forme d'une vis parfaitement polie sur laquelle 
 
 on distinguait les belles fibres du metal que Ton declarait 6gal k du fer de 
 
 Su6de de quality No.2. Les fers de Hankow sont de beaucoup inf6rieurs ; 
 
 il faudrait les chauffer, les marteler et les laminer pour en retirer des pieces 
 
 . d'un fort echantillon : ces operations grossiraient de beaucoup leur prix de 
 
 revient d6ja trop haut. lis proviennent du Yun-nan et, vu la distance des 
 
 ■ mines et I'absence de voies de communication commodes your y aborder, la 
 
 piculs ; les petits aisenaux organises par 
 rites du Kiang-nan font leurs coramandes de fer et de fonte en Angleterre 
 et en Amerique. ^ 
 
 Le plomb se debite partie sur place, partie au Japon, un peu aussi aux 
 ports ,de la cote. L'importation de 1865 qui est de 46,497 piculs, est de 
 20,000 piculs au dessous de celle de 1 864. 
 
 Charbcns. — Six espdces de charbons ont paru jusqu'ici sur le marche 
 
 de Shanghai ; ce sont : 1" les charbons Anglais ; 2° les charbons 
 
 Am6ricains; 3° les charbons de TAustralie ; 4° les charbons du Japop; 
 
 jS" les charbons de Formose ; 6° les charbons de Haukow; et compieiije 
 
SHANGHAE. 83 
 
 commerce des charbons occup6 une place notable sur les statlstiques, nous 
 le dicrirons avec quelques details. 
 
 L'importation totale de cette ann6e — 93,779 tonnes — estbien an dessous 
 de celle de 1864 qui 6tait de 117,380: c'est S, peupres 2,000 tonnes de 
 moins par mois. Cette diminution a porte surtout sur les charbons 
 Anglais qui de 83,554 tonnes sont tombes a 47,814; elle provient de 
 plusieurs causes : le nombre moindre des steamers employes sur le Yangtze 
 et sur la cote, la concurrence des autres charbons, notamraent ceux du 
 Japon et de I'Australie, et surtout le nombre plus reduit des navires 
 exp6dils de la Grande Bretagne vers la Chine. Le commerce du charbon 
 ne Raurait a lui seul etablir une ligne directe de navigation de 1' Europe 
 avec I'extreme Orient: les navires qui I'apportent a Shanghae sont d'ordi- 
 naire expedi6s pour prendre une cargaison plus valable, du th6 par exemple. 
 lis peuvent alors se contenter d'un fret modique pour les charbons et les 
 rendre sur place a des prix raisonnables ; raais, comme on le verra plus 
 loin, moins de navires ayant cette annee 6t6 expediis d'Angleterre, moins 
 de charbons Anglais sont arrives a Shanghai ; aussi sont ils rest^s chers : 
 le prix, d'abord a 6 taels 50 mace — 7 taels 50 mace sont months a la fin de 
 rann6e 10 et 11 taels. 
 
 Les arrivages de ces charbons resteront probablement dans les mSmes 
 proportions en 1866. 
 
 Les charbons Ara^ricains se vendent trop cher pour toe employes en 
 grandes quantitis par les vapeurs ; leur importation a aussi diminue : 
 9,176 tonnes centre 12,463. Leur prix est monte de 10 taels a 13 et 
 meme a 14 taels. Ces charbons sont anthracites et, comme ils donnent 
 peu de fumee, les Chinois les apprecient pour leurs travaux de chaudron- 
 nerie et pour bruler le the. 
 
 Le prix excessif des charbons Anglais "et Americains a conduit forc6- 
 ment les armateurs a employer, autaijt que. possible aborddeleurs steamers 
 des charbons provenant de sources plus rapproch6es et livrables a meilleur 
 marche, bien que ceux-ci fussent inferieurs aux premiers. Ainsi les 
 charbons de I'Australie entrent dans l'importation pour un chiflre de 
 27,011 tonnes, quand in 1864 ils n'y entraient que pour 21,227 tonnes. 
 Les charbons du Japon reduits en 1864 au modeste chifFre de 136 tonnes 
 ont atteint en 1865 le chiffre de 3,1 14 tonnes. Les charbons de I'Australie 
 sent exp6di6s des ports de Sydney et de Newcastle ; ils peuvent etre livr^s 
 a 6 taels ; vers la fin de I'annee, une demande plus active les a fait monter 
 a 8 taels 50 mace et 9 taels 50 mace. Les charbons du Japon sont destines 
 a un progres de vente certain. Les fournitures de charbons h la navigation 
 ont ete pendant longtemps un monopole du Gouvernement du Taicoun, 
 qui livrait a des prix fixes et sans choiser des charbons qui gen6ralement 
 €taient medicores ; I'annee derniere ce monopole ayant discontinue, les 
 "Daimios possesseurs de mines ont ofiert leurs charbons dont plusieurs 
 espeees ont et6 irouvees satisfaisantes et le seront de plus en plus, car le 
 systeme d'exploitation EuropSen est employ^ pour quelques unes, Les 
 charbons de Sa-ka-Sima et de 0-ka-Sima sont les meilleurs et Ton estime 
 que 25 tonnes fournissent le meme travail que 20 tonnes de charbons 
 Anglais: ceux des mines de Satzuma promettent d'etre 6galement bons,;^ 
 mesure qu'ils proviendront de couches plus profondes. 
 
 Les charbons de la Chine sont pour le moment inferieurs a tons les autreB, 
 mais si les Chinois voulaient profiler de I'exemple des Japonais etapprendre 
 a exploiter convenablement leurs mines, ils pourraient certainement fournir 
 en peu de temps des charbons de bonne qualite; mais I'acces des mines 
 est encoi'e ferme avec un soin jaloux a toule tentative nouvelle. Les char- 
 ' bons de Hankow sont consommes par quelques steamers pour leurs voyages 
 de retour, mais avec un melange de charbons Anglais; ils reviennent 
 
84 CHINA. 
 
 encore a 6 taeU rendtis a bord ; a <;e prix, ils iie peuvent esp^rer de faire 
 qiielque figure a Shanghai. Les mines de Kielong (Formose) pourrafent 
 aussi fournif de bons charbons ; ceux qa'on en retire actuellement ne sont 
 employes qu a defaut de mieux par les steamers et c'est vers la fin de Tann^e 
 seulement, alors que les autres charbons etaient a un si haut prix qu'on en 
 a fait veriir : ils ont et6 vendus 5 et 6|- taels. 
 
 Bois.de Construction, — L'arret brusque des speculations entreprises 
 les ann.6es precedentes, telles que la construction des wharves, des quais, 
 dBs maisons, des godowns, a r6treci considei;ablement I'impartation des 
 bois Grangers. Les bois mous sont tomb^s de 9,251, 6J 1 pieds carj-^.s a 
 5,558,046: ils viennent de Pujet-Sound, de I'Oregon et du Japon. I<es 
 bois durs ont subi aussi une baisse considerable : 30,000 pieces en 1 865, 
 centre 150,000 pieces en 1864 ; ils vicnnent du Japon, de Siam, et des 
 detroits. II s'«st installe dans le voisinage de Singapore ides scieries -k 
 vapeur qui debitent a prix raisonnables les beaux bois de TArohiipel 
 Malais ; quand la Chine se mettra a construire des na vires sur le modeie 
 occidental, c'est de ces parages qu'elle devra faire venir les bois durs de 
 ses chantiers. 
 
 Sucre. — Le sud du Fokien et I'ouest du Kwang^iung, centimes prinei- 
 paux de production du sucre indigene, 6tant depuis un an d«sol6s par les 
 restes des bandes des Taepings, I'importation du sucre Stranger a pax 
 suite augmentee. Ainsi, tandis que le sucre de Swatow, d'Amoy et de 
 Hong Kong, est en diminution sur 1864 de 185,609 piculs, le sucre 
 ^trangesr est en aunmentation de ] 34,937. Pour cette annee, Timparta- 
 tion totale du sucre a Shanghai aura ete : — 
 
 Piciils. 
 Sucre Stranger .. .. .. .. .. .^ 252,801 
 
 Sucre indigene „,. 530,990 
 
 Total. .. ... .. .. .. rw^rgi 
 
 Pour le premier, pluB de la moitie de I'importation totale provient des 
 lies Philippines ; le reste est exporte de Singapore, de Siam, des detroits 
 et de la Cochinchine. Comme les rebelles n'ont .pas encore et^ aneanfis 
 €t oceupent toujours les memes positions, il est probable que la production 
 du Sucre indigene u'augmentera guere en 1866 et que I'importalion du 
 Sucre etranger sera encore considerable. 
 
 Riz. — La grande diminution op^rSe sur les arrivages de riz Stranger 
 en 1865 fait juger de la rapidite aveclaquelle les campagnes, mainteuant 
 Irauquilles, reviennent a leur ancien degri de culture. Cette annee, 
 'W)6,342 pictfls de -riz etranger ont Ste import's : c'est 50 pour cent de 
 jnoins qu'en 1864. La qnantite de riz fourhie par la province doit etre 
 ■considerable, car bien qu'etant encore au dessous de la moyenne des 
 fconnes annies, elle a suffi pour mainteriir le riz a un prix assez bas pour 
 ique les importatenrs ne pussent trouver un benefice suffisant ; mecompte 
 l)ien inattendu, car dans les premiers mois de rannie I'aspect des cam- 
 ipagnes indiqnant encore I'alisence d'un partie de la population et les pre- 
 jni^res recohes s'annonijaient Comme manquees. Cette annee Siam n'a 
 pas pris part a I'importation du riz, a cause de la disette qui y a regn'6 
 et -de la defense d'exportatiou qui en a ete la consequence : elle a StS 
 fournie par I'Inde, les Philippines et Hong Kong (sans doute Saigon etle 
 Camfbodge). 
 
 Le commerce du riz ne doit plus compter a Shanghai pavmi les tran- 
 •sactions assurees et., s'il faut s'en feliciter pour le bien etre de la province, 
 ^augmentation bien etablie de sa richesse et, comme consSquence, les 
 chances meilleures qui sont reservees aux autres transactions en general, 
 la navigation y perd la source principale des frets dont les navires a voUe 
 'pro'fitaieut les amiees precedentes. 
 
shanghai:. 85 
 
 Division >de VImportaMon entre ies Pays Etrti/rvgers. 
 
 De tous Ies pays qui prennent part a I'importation des produits etran- 
 gers a Shanghai, la Grande Bretagne arrive en premier lieu parses impor- 
 tations directes et par Ies importations des produits de I'lnde. Ce dernier 
 pays envoie a la Chine du riz et de Topium, qui cette annee repr6sentent 
 une valeur de ) 7,769,726 taels superieure de 1,634,731 taels a celle de 
 1864; c'est un revenu net, car I'lnde ne reooit rien de I'Empire du 
 Milieu. 
 
 Les importations directes de la Grande Bretagne atteindraient, d'apres 
 Ies statistiques, une valeur de 12,710,681 taels ; raais il faut lui ajouter la 
 valeur des marchandises Anglaises import^es d'abord a Hong Kong, puis 
 ri-exportees a Shanghai et qui grossissent bicn de 2,000,000 de taels le 
 chiffire que nous venons de donner. H y a environ uu million de taels a, 
 porter cette annee au benefice da la Grande Bretagne. 
 
 Des importations de I'Amerique atteignent le chiffre de 482,593 taels ; 
 a peupres le meme qu'en 1S64, mais correspondant a des annSes de crise ; 
 HI I'un ni I'autre ne donnent une moyenne reelle de ce que I'Amerique 
 pent importer en Chine. 
 
 Au chiffre de 132,643 taels marque par les statistiques \ la table du 
 Continent, il faut ajouter la valeur des marchandises diverses importees 
 d'abord a Hong Kong, telles que les aiguilles, les allutnettes, &c.j &c., 
 qui serait approximativement de 100,000 taels au moins. Les importa- 
 tions directes du Continent ant pris cette annee un accroissement bien 
 sensible — 50 pour cent; les diaps et les Spanish stripes qui jusqu'ici ne 
 figiirent que pour un chiflre insignifiant figurent cette ann6e pour plus de 
 60,000 taels. 
 
 Le Japon a import^ en 1865 pour une valeur de 2,257,986 taels, 
 surpassant rimportation de 1864 de 559,705; le bilan de son commerce 
 avec ShanghaJi jjeut s'6tablir comme.il suit : — 
 
 Taels. Taels. 
 
 Importation du Japon ... . . . . . . . . 2,257,986 
 
 Produits etrangers expedieS'Se Shanghai ... 1,91-5,898 
 
 Produits iadigemes, ezpedies de Shangliai .. 223,856 
 
 Total „ .. .„ ... ,2,139,254 .2,257„986 
 
 Ces deux totaux se bailaneent »S, peupres ; mais il faut ajouter aux 
 exportations du Japon 11,326 bailies de soie qui ont ete exp6di^es -^ 
 Shanghai, mais ne figurent pas comme chiffre jdaws les statistiques, n'ayarft 
 pas 6le dftarqu^es, mais simp]«ment transbord^es paquebots qui les ont 
 transport§es a Suez. 
 
 Parmi les articles impor't^s, nous trouvons a citer des cotonnades, des 
 lainages, des anteinc, du ciharbon de bois, du "peisson sal6, ides bois, da 
 seaweed, des ailerons de requin et -du ginseng. Cette annee le 'GouTeme- 
 ment du Taiconn, pour payer tme partie de I'indemnit^ de gueiire, a fait 
 vendre a Shanghai une assez grande quantity de sapeques de cuivre qui, 
 bien que n'&taint pas a la marque d'un -Souverain de la Chine, n'en ont 
 pas moms trouv6 cours Bt sans trop de d^savantage. Le ginseng da 
 aapon, •si appreeiS par les Cbinois comme remede, a grandement diminuiS 
 de prix depnis quelques ann§es, car sur les trait6s on le voit marque au 
 meme tarif que le ginseng "de 'Cor6e dont la valeur est plus du double. 
 Les negociants qui TimporteBt se trouvent maintenant a payer des droits 
 de 20 pour cent. 
 
 En 1865 'beaucoup de navires a voile, ad lieu de r«monter jusqu'a 
 Shanghai, ont d6charg6 leurs marchandises a Hong Kong ; aussi les expor- 
 tations s'61event elles au ^total de 3,'905j063 taels, quand en 1864 elles 
 ii%aient que de 1 ,922^092 taels. Hong Koi^ n'est -pas seulement un 'lieu 
 
86 CHINA. 
 
 d'entrepot pour les articles de I'Europe, c'est aussi le d6p6t principal des 
 raarchandises expedi6es de Borneo, de Siam, de la Cociiincliine, des 
 d^troits, qui, de la, sont r^parties dans les ports oi4 les conditions de vente 
 sont les meilleures. 
 
 Les importations des Philippines, d'une valeur de 369,790 taels qu'elles 
 representaient en 1864 sont mont6es en 1865 au chiffre de 575,616; elles 
 consistent surtout en sucre, riz, noix de betel, indigo et cordages. 
 
 L,Australie importe du charbon; nous avons vu plus haut quel a et€ 
 le progres de son commerce. 
 
 Siam, par limpossibilite d'exporter du riz, voit ses importations tomber 
 de 638,375 taels qu'elles representaient en 1864 a 65,320 taels. Singa- 
 pore a souffert de la depression du commerce du riz ^trang-er a Shanghai ; 
 ses importations qui en 1864 s'61evaient au chiffre de 1,115,080 taels, 
 n'atteignent plus que 522,686 taels. La diminution pour ces deux pays 
 est de 1,165,449 taels. 
 
 L'augmentation pour tons les autres, est de 5,656,915 taels. C'est 
 done pour les importations 6trangeres de 1865 un progres total de 
 4,491,456 taels. 
 
 Exportation. 
 
 Soies. — Comme valeur gen6rale, I'exportation des produits Chinois vers 
 les pays etrangers pour 1865 Be diff^re que d'un milion de taels sur cellede 
 1864, la grande reduction opei'6e sur les envois de the et de coton, 6tant a 
 peupr^s compensSe par la valeur de 20,000 balles de soies exp6di6es en 
 plus. 
 
 La saison des soies ouverte quand le commerce de Shanghai 6tait en 
 plein cataclysme, debuta par des prix et une precipitation qui firent encore 
 crier a la tem^rite. Les premiers achats furent si empresses que les 
 courtiers Chinois ne donnaieut pas meme le temps d'examiner les balles et 
 disaient: " Prenez de suite ou nous offrons a d'autres ;" les soies paraissaient 
 du reste belles et de bonne qualite. Les paquetots postes des services de 
 Suez pouvaient h, peine suffire aux offres qui leur 6taient faites : un steamer 
 des Massageries Imperiales chargea jusqu'a 5,000 balles ; 22,000 balles 
 furent ainsi exportees dans les mois de Juin et de Juillet. Devant cette 
 excitation, les Chinois firent arriver les soies en toute hate sur le marchS. 
 Une certaine quantite, re9ue par des pluies torrentielles, se trouva humide 
 et, livree trop vile aux steamers, arriva en Europe frappe de deteriora- 
 tions ; un peu de fraude de la part des paysans qui pour rendre les balles 
 plue lourdes en auraient mouille I'interieur, pourrait bien aussi s'etre ajoutS 
 aux effets de I'humidite du temps. Ces memes pluies furent si continues 
 et si fortes qu'elles ruinerent une partie considerable de la seconde recolte, 
 celle du mois d'Aout, qui ne fut pas moitie de ce que Ton esperait. 
 
 Lexportation de I'annee qni devait etre de 55,000 a 60,000 balles, n'a 
 ete que de 43,000. Au commencement de rann6e, les stocks Staient 
 ^pulses; quelques certaines de balles qui restaient encore sur place 
 atteignirent des prix extravagants et pescrent forcement sur les prix 
 d'ouverture de la saison. Les " Tsatlees '' No. 3, dont la production est la 
 plus grande, ont d^but6 par 430 taels et ont mont^ &, 515 taels a la fin de 
 Juillet, a 570 taels en Octobre, et k 600 taels a la fin de Decembre. 
 
 Les transactions de soies se trouvaient par ailleurs dans de bonnes con- 
 ditions. Les avis d'Europe annon^aient que la production du Continent 
 serait bien au dessous de la moyenne, et que cette maladie terrible et 
 inconnue des vers continuait a afiliger les magnaneries d'une mortalite 
 desesperante. D'une autre part, le change sur I'Europe gtait bas, — 7 
 francs 80 par taels, — et il y avait assez de numeraire a Shanghai pour 
 
SHANGHAE. 87 
 
 Tempecher de monter beaucoup. L'ecoulement des soies aura eti en fin de 
 compte tres satisfaisant ; on parle pour certaines d'entr'elles de 4 ^ 5 
 shillings de bSnSfice par livre. Le producteur Chinois ravi des prix qu'il 
 a obtenus en 1865, va sans doute appliquer tons ses soins a la saison pro- 
 chaine, qui sera tres abondante si les mauvais temps n'entravent ses 
 efforts. 
 
 II reste aux negociants a bien s'assurer si les soies de Chine seront 
 anssi neoessaires aux manufactures de I'Europe et, pour cela, du rSsultat 
 plus ou moins grand qu'auraient donn6 les graines du Japon ; il sera 
 prudent en tout cas d'aborder les achats avec moins de confiance que par 
 le passe. 
 
 12,055 balles de sole du Japon ont travers6 le port de Shanghai en 
 1865 ; quelques centaines de balles seulement ont 6t6 d6barquees. 
 
 Thes. — Les pertes immenses sur les thes de 1864 provenant princi- 
 palement de ce que la quantite exp6di6e etait au dessus des capacites du 
 marche de Londres, il n'est pas etonnant qut I'lixportation des th6s pr6sente 
 en 1865 une depression considerable. Cette depression ne porte toutefois 
 que sur les th6s noirs, dont le total, de 262, 147 piculs, est de 25 piculs 
 pour cent plus faible que I'annee precedente ; ce sont les th^s consommes 
 en Angleterre et en Russie. 
 
 Pour les thes verts qui se consomment en Am^rique et se sont trouves 
 dans des conditions excellentes d'6coulement grace a la cessation des 
 hostilites, I'exportation est en grand progres comme nous le verrons plus 
 loin. 
 
 Nous n'avons a faire sur les th6s que quelques observations gensirales, 
 car Shanghai n'en est que le depot ; c'est de Hankow et de Kiuiiiang 
 que viennent les thes noirs, de Kiukiang et de Ningpo que viennent les 
 thes verts. 
 
 TTies Noirs. — Bien que les recommendations de prudence fussent a 
 I'ordre du jour, surtout a I'endroit des thes, les thes noirs exp^dies de 
 Hankow au debut etaient chers, plus chers que Ton ne devait s'y attendre. 
 Apres les premiers envois il y eut dans les achats plus de moderation. 
 Bientot apres, la nouvelle reduction des drois ramena un peu d'activite et 
 les prix qui tendaient a baisser reraonterent encore. 
 
 Dans les accusations que I'opinion pnblique a I'etranger dirige depuis 
 plusieurs ann6es contre le commerce de Chine, elle ne tient peut-etre pas 
 assez compte des conditions particulieres qu'il rencontre dans ce pays. 
 
 A I'approche de la saison des th6s le negociant, ne parlant pas la langue 
 Chinoise, est oblig6 d'avoir recours a des agents indigenes pour se faire 
 expedier les thes de I'interieur et est par consequent, pour les prix d'ouver- 
 ture, a la merci de ces agents qui savent s'entendre de fafon a ce que les 
 prix ne baissent pas sur la saison precedente. Comme on salt aussi que 
 les t'n6s arrives les premiers a Londres se vendcnt toujours avec profit, 
 c'est a qui en achetera et surtout achetera vite. II en serait de meine en 
 Europe et partout ailleurs, et il se cree par cela meme au commencement 
 de chaque saison une concurrence dont sait profiler le n^ociant indigene. 
 
 Quahd la prertn'ere ardeur est passee, ia demande se ralentit et les prix 
 devraient baisser, mais le Chinois est tenace. II maintient les demandes 
 assez longtemps pour que I'etranger doive s'y soumettre ; il sait meme l^s 
 faire monter jusqu'a la fin de la saison. Comment remedier a cet etat de 
 choses ? Se passer des agents Chinois et faire ses affaires soi-meme ; la 
 difficulte de la langue et les pratiques multiples du commerce Chinois y 
 mettent un obstacle que jusqu'ici on n'a pas essaye de surmonter ; battre 
 les Chinois avec leurs propres armes en se concertant pour ne leur donner 
 que certains prix, est un systeme incompatible avec I'esprit de liberie com- 
 merciale de I'epoque et qui echouerait certainement. 
 
&8 CHINA. 
 
 Le negociant Stranger est veritablement intpuissaut devaat son adver- 
 sai-re. 
 
 Cette ann^e les thes noirs, d'abord a 32,000 taels le pieul, avaient 
 augraenti d^ 6 taels h, la fin de I'annee ; mais, grdce a la reduction de 
 I'texportation et a leiir preparation plus soignee, ils se sont jusqui'ici vendus 
 avec benefice. 
 
 Thes Verts. — Les achats: des this verts ont 6te plus hereusement con- 
 duits, gr&ce^ a la tournure iucertaine des affaires des Etats Unis qui paralysa 
 lies achats dans les premiers mois de I'annee, fit deseendre les prix jusqa'^ 
 causer de grandes pertes aux delenteurs Chinois, et permit aux exporta.- 
 teurs d'opirer avec security dans leurs premiers marches. Quand la con- 
 clusion de la paix vint assurer a ces thes un ^coulement facile, les prix 
 hausserent, mais les besoins de I'Am^rique etaiemt si considerables que 
 tons ont donne des profits. 
 
 En 1865, I'exportation des th6s verts se monte a 209,418 piculs, contre 
 151,089 piculs en 1864 ; 104,259 piculs ont ete exp6dies aux Etats Unis^ 
 85,820 piculs en Angleterre-. 
 
 La saison s'est inaugur^e pour les Ping-soueys a deux ou trois taels 
 plus bas que I'annee pr6cedente ; a la fin de I'annee, ils 6taient en moyenne 
 de 35 taels par picul. 
 
 En examinantles causes qui ont amen 6 la crise des th6s, on reconnaitra 
 que, pour les thes verts, le commerce a plutot eti victime des circonstances 
 que de ses fautes. L'Am^rique qui touchait aux moments les plus solen^ 
 nels de la guerre civile, cessa corapleteraent ses achats sur la place de 
 Londres devenue I'entrepot general de ces th6s, laissant sur les bras des 
 negociants des stocks considerables qu'ils ne pouvaient plus liquider. Pour 
 les this noirs, nous avons dit ci-dessus que I'exportation fut trop forte et 
 pour les besoins de I'Angleterre et pour les demandes de la Russie que I'on 
 s'6tait beaucoup exag§rees. 
 
 L'esprit de speculation qui r^gnait alors a Shanghai fit entrer dans les 
 affaires de thes des concurrents novices et inexperimentes dont les opera- 
 tions, toutes de hazard, dirouterent la prudence habituelle des anciens ; de 
 la des prix absurdes, des qualit6s inferieiirs, une exportation mal calculee. 
 Comme ces speculateurs facheux ont et6 presque tous emportes par la 
 faillite, que ceux qui restent ne trouvent plus aussi facilement de I'argent 
 pour leurs entreprises timeraires, le commerce des thes tend graduellement 
 S, reprendre les allures sages et saines qu'il avait autrefois. 
 
 Goton. — Les exportations de coton vers I'Europe continuaient encore 
 vers le commencement de I'annSe ; dans les mois de Janvier et de F6vrier 
 pres de 90,000 piculs prirent le chemin de 1 Angleterre. On connut peu 
 aprSs la marche plus rapide des 6venements sur le territoire du Sud, les 
 succes decisifs des "raids" du General Sherman, la prise de Savannah, 
 la prise du Fort Fisher, la prise de Charleston, et enfin la prise de Rich- 
 mond, et la pacification du Sud, qui couperent court a toute tentative 
 nouvelle d'exportation. De 18|- taels le picul, le coton descendit imm6- 
 diatement a 13 et 14 taels; les stocks amasses a Shanghai furent alors 
 diriges vers certains ports de la Chine, notamment Hankow, qui peut- 
 etre recouvra ainsi une partie des menes balles qu'il avait prec6dement 
 exporties. 
 
 Le saison d'automne a 6te assez active ; les ports du sud avaient a 
 refaire leurs approvisionnements qui n'avaient pas it6 renouveles les 
 ann6es pr6c6dentes ; mais les exportations de Shanghai sont resides au 
 dessous de ce qu'elles auraient du etre, car une bonne moiti6 de la rScolte 
 des cotons du Kiang-nan a ete abimee par ces memos pluies qui ont tant 
 nui aux soies, ou inondee en partie par la chute d'une large etendue des 
 digues de la bale d'Hang-Tchiou. 
 
SHAITGHAE. 89 
 
 Les prix exceasifa paySs par les nfigociants, leur quality inf^rieure, 
 marqua/ient les cotons. de Chine comme les premieres victimes de la reou- 
 verture des- ports dii sud de rAmerique; mais les pertes qvi'ils ont fait 
 subir ne paraissent pas avoir moins s6vi a Shanghai sur les Hongs* Chinois 
 que sur les li^jociants Strangers. Parmi ceux-lk., beaucoup furent deja 
 ruinis en 1863 par la mauvaise foi des paysans qui, trouvant tout d'un 
 coup des prix meilleurs que ceux dont ils etaient convenus d'abord, rompi- 
 rent leurs contrats et, mettant les hongs dans riiDpossibilit6 de remplir 
 leurs engagements, les forcSrent a se fermer. 
 
 En 1865, les hongs qui possedaient des stocks considerables ou avaient 
 (I6ja conclu des contrats avec I'interieur a des prix trop 61ev6s, se troiiverent 
 aiussi pouss6s a la ruine. Comme richesse, la place de Shanghai n'aura 
 done pas profite des affaires considerables de coton dont eile 6tait le 
 centre ; le numeraire depense a I'acheter a et6 s'fengloutir dans I'interieur 
 et n'a pas peu contribue a relever la province des d^sastres de la r6bellioE^ 
 
 Les cotons de Tientsin et de Tehefou, qui en 1864 etaient re-export6a 
 a I'etranger, ont ete cette anuee exp^dies aussi a Hong Kong et aux ports 
 voisins. 
 
 Comme exportation de coton vers I'etranger, 1865 est naturellement 
 en grande baisse sur 1864; 100,137 piculs contre 336,503 piculs. Si, 
 comme il est probable, le Chine ne doit plus envoyer de tribut au " Roi 
 Coton " des pays occidentaux, I'annee 1866 fera rentrer le commerce de 
 I'Europe et de I'Amerique dans ses deux elements ordinaires d'exportation. 
 le th6- et la soie. Sortant de ces deux articles nous ne trouvons plus sur 
 les atatistiques que des articles insignifiants, quelques piculs de muse, de 
 rhubarbe. Le China grass que des compagnies en Europe se preparent a 
 employer comme textile, figure pour 5 piculs seulement. Les progres de 
 la Chine vers l'adt>ption des articles manufactures de I'Europe sent done 
 encore plus rapides que ceux de I'Europe vers radoption des produits 
 Chinois. 
 
 II. — Commerce de Shanghai' avec les Ports de la Cote ( Coast Trade), 
 
 En comparant les tables sp^ciales des statistiques qui resument le 
 commerce de Shanghai avec les ports de la cote et du Yang-tze pour les 
 ann^es 1864 et 1865, on voit de suite que I'importation des produits 
 Chinois a baissS d'une valeur de 4,755,916 taels. Les ports de Canton, 
 de Swatow, d'Amoy, situes dans les provinces du Kwang-tong et du 
 Fo-kien ravagees dans I'annee par les Taipings, sont en diminution de 
 1,377,843 taels. Formosa est en diminution de 242,341 taels; Hankow, 
 le port des this noirs, est en baisse de 3,371,604; Kiukiang, le port des 
 thes verts, est en augmentation de 464,931 taels. Tientsin, qui n'a 
 plus exports autant de coton qu'en J 864, est en baisse de 673,704 taels. 
 
 L'importation des produits Chinois a Shanghai s'eleve a la valeur 
 totale de 25,846,378 taels rSpartie en trois parts; une dirigee sur les pays 
 etrangers du chiffre de 15,435,705 taels, une re-exportee a d'autres ports 
 du chiffre de 4,766,988 taels, et la troisieme du chiffre de 6,643,595 taels 
 gardee pour la consommation locale et celle de la province ; en 1 864 elle 
 4tait de 11,643,555 taels. L'exportation des produits Chinois vers les 
 autres ports repr6sente une valeur de 7,702,554 taels ; elle est sur 1864 
 €n baisse de 1,834,516 taels. Enfin, tout I'avantage reste aux mar- 
 chandises gtrangeres re-exportes, dont le chiffre total est de 24,991,620 
 taels et depasse celui de 1864 de 7,899,667 taels. 
 
 En feuilletant les differentes tables du " coast trade," nous pourrons 
 
 * " Hong'," maison de commerce indigene. 
 
90 CHINA. 
 
 entrer dans quelques developpements sur les chiffres que nous venons de 
 citer ; nous le ferons toutefois d'une maniere rapide, car le commerce de 
 chacun des ports est analyse par nos coUegues qui sont plus h meme que 
 nous de donner sur tel et tel produit interessant des renseignements pr6eis. 
 II est cependant une table dont le detail rentre speciaieraent dans notre 
 travail, c'est la table No. IV. 
 
 Table IV. — " Produits indigenes exportes de Shanghae vers les autres 
 ports." Les principales productions de la province du Kiang-nan y sont 
 mises en Evidence : se sont la sole, les etoffes de sole, le coton et les 
 nankins. La soie qui ne represente 151 piculs, d'une valeur de 234,367 
 taels, a et6 exporlSe par des vapeurs autres que les paquebots-poste ^ 
 Hong Kong, d'oii elle a sans doute ete dirig6e sur I'Europe. Les etofFej 
 de soie sont reparties dans tous les ports et atteignent la valeur de 1,124,907 
 taels, contre 962,388 taels en 1864. Le coton a 6t6 distribue aussi dans- 
 tous les ports et s'eleve au chiffre de 1 82,085 piculs. Les Nankins ont 
 augments, comme quantite, de 1,596 piculs et diminu^, comme valenr, de 
 373,740 taels par suite de I'abaissement du prix du coton. 
 
 L'exportation du ble vers les ports du sud est considerable, 100,181- 
 piculs. Celle de la monnaie de cuivre est en baisse sur 1864; 115,108 
 ligatures d'une valeur de 95,528 taels, quand en 1864 l'exportation etait 
 du poids de 133,644 piculs, et en valeur 1,603,728 taels ; ceci prouvB; 
 que dans des districts voisins de Hankow et de Kiukiang ou la monnaie 
 de cuivre avait seule cours, I'argent passe plus facilement qu'auparavant ; 
 c'est un pas de gagn^ sur la routine Chinoise. Le Kiang-nan exporte 
 encore beaucoup de produits dont les quantites apparaissent en chiffres 
 respectables, mais dont les valeurs sont comparativement minimes. La 
 fabrication des instruments de musique doit y etre renomm6e, car 47,608. 
 flutes ont ete expediees aux ports du Yang-tze et 50,000 instruments 
 a Canton. Citons encore comme articles notables les 6ventails, les, 
 lunettes et les pinceaux a ecrire. 
 
 Ce qui pr6cede ne s'applique qu'aux ports du sud et du Yang-tze; 
 pour les ports du nord, les exportations serieuses de Shanghai" se bornent 
 a des 6tofFes de soie, des nankins et du grass cloth. Pour Tientsin, par 
 exemple, les envois de Shanghai serarient insignlfiants s'ils n'etaient 
 grossis par la re-exportation des produits Strangers. 
 
 Table VI. — Celle-ci est detaiil^e dans la Table VI et si Ton 
 additionne a part les importations de I'Europe, de I'Amerique et de I'lnde, 
 c'est i dire les cotonnades, les lainages, I'opiuni et les nietaux, et que 
 Ton compare les totaux avec ceux de 1864, on trouve une hausse 
 considerable pour tous les ports qui s'approvislonnent a Shanghai. 
 Pour Ningpo, c'est une hausse de 456,940 taels ; pour Hankow, 1,886,437 
 taels ; pour Kiukiang, 331,289 taels; pour Tcheun-kiang, 1,770,701 taels, 
 hausse enorme due a I'opium surtout, mais aussi aux cotonnades dont 
 I'importation avait jusqu'alors ete presque nulle ; potir Tchefou 800.901 
 taels, a peupr^s 80 pour cent; pour Tientsin c'est 125 pour cent, une 
 hausse de 3,424,052 taels, en 1864, la valeur de ces articles ne se moutait 
 qu' a 2,920,809 taels ; enfiii !o modeste port de Newchwang a lui aussi 
 une hausse de 200 pour cent, 610,711 taels — en 1864 ces articles ne 
 representaient que 329,926 taels. Les shirtings et les T-cloths, 
 jusqu'alors peu ou point importes, figurent pour uae valeur de 20,275 
 taels. 
 
 Table No. I. — Parmi les articles enumeres dans la Table No. 1, la 
 soie, le coton et le th6 ont 6te r6- exportes aux pays Strangers, le reste 
 appartient a la consommation Chinoise. Nous remarquons la porcelaiiie 
 de Kiukiang — 313,464 taels, — In monnaie de cuivre et la cuttle fish de 
 Ningpo, I'indigo du Kwangtong, les medecines des ports du sud, le fungus, 
 
SIIANGHAE. 91 
 
 I'huile, le papier, la rhubarbe, le suif vegetal et la eire de Hankow, la sole 
 jaune du Sze-tchoiien, qui cette annSe represente 447 piculs d'une valeur 
 de 178,876 taels, le sucre d'Ainoy de Swatow et de Hong Kong, les bois 
 de Poochow, &c. 
 
 Pour les ports dn Nord, nous citerons les gateaux de pois, les pois, le 
 millet et le riz de Newchwang ; les autres articles sont d'une valeur 
 minims. Les souliers de satin, les savons et les dattes de Tientsin 
 n'atteignent que des valeurs peu importantes. 
 
 Cette table qui, sans contredit, est celle qui donne le plus de travail a 
 la douane, renferme les nombreux articles plus ou moins connus, composant 
 la nourriture des Chinois ou entrant dans leurs industries ; elle pourrait 
 servir d'index au chimiste, au naturaliste, au savant qui voudraient gtiidier 
 les ressources et les productions de ces pays. 
 
 III. — Navigation. 
 
 Nous craignons que le beau temps des frets ne soit pass6 pour les 
 navires a voiles qui les annees prec6dentes, trouvaient un emploi si 
 r6num6ratif dans les ports de la Chine. Cette ann6e, toutes les causes se 
 sont combin6es pour leur 6tre d^favorables ; d'abord la d6pression du 
 commerce du riz qui oocupait beaucoup de navires entre Singapore, 
 Hong Kong, et Shanghai, la cessation de I'exportation du coton vers 
 I'Europe, et surtout la concurrence ecrasante d'un grand norabre de 
 vapeurs qui naviguent d'un port a I'autre a des prix si reduits que les 
 Chinois peuvent avec avantage leur confier jusqu'a ces marchandises de 
 peu de valeur qu'on designe sous le nom de " Chowchow articles." Ce 
 sont la les vraies causes qui ont porte prejudice aux frets des navires a 
 voiles ; la proclamation des autorit^s de cette province defendant aux 
 nSgociants indigenes de se servir des bateaux Stranger pour le transport 
 des gateaux de pois n'a eu qu'un effet secondaire ; elle n'etait qu'une sorte 
 de concession faite aux lamentations des millions de jonqnes qui 
 pourrissent faute d'ouvrage le long des rives du Whampow. En 1866 
 ces causes continiieront a exister, mais les resultats en seront encore plus 
 apparents. La situation est maintenant bien accusee, tandis que dans le 
 commencement de 1865 on pouvait garder des esp6rances de frets pour 
 le coton et le riz ; en Juillet il y avait dans le port plus de 150 navires a 
 voiles, nombre qu'ou ne reverra sans doute plus de longtemps. Est-il 
 besoin d'ajouter que dans les conditions que nous venons de dicrire, les 
 frets ont atteint le taux le plus bas, Des navires n'ont pu trouver que 
 \l. \0s. pour Londres ; les premiers clippers charges de thes ont 6t6 
 seuls favorises et ont obtenu jusqu'fi 3^. D'autres navires ont du se 
 contentcr de frets insignifiants pour apporter les bois de Foochow ; 
 beaucoup enfin sont partis vers I'Europe ou vers certains ports de 
 TAmSrique. Cette grande diminution dans le nombre des navires a 
 voiles olera a Shanghai de son animation ; leur personnel flottant 
 entretenait les stores et plusieurs autres professions qui deja ont 6t6 
 forc6es de suspendre leurs aiFaires, et augmentait la circulation sur les 
 quais et dans les concessions. 
 
 En revanche, le mouvertient des vapeurs reste tres actif, bien que 
 leur nombre ait aussi diminu6. Apr6s les traitSs de Tientsin et de Yeddo, 
 on en avait commande trop en Angleterre et en Am^rique. Depuis lors, 
 plusieurs ont 6t6 vendus aux Japonais, d'autres moins heureux, out et6 
 perdus dans le Yang-tze-kiang et sur la c6te. Cette ann6e notamment 
 aura 6te nefaste ; le Chanticleer, le Corea, le Fokien, le Lalla Rookh, se 
 sont perdus coup sur coup dans les ouragans de Juin et de Juillet. II y a 
 /aaintenant a Shanghai pres de trente-cinq steamers, nombre qui parait 
 [167] H 
 
93 CHINA. 
 
 etre en balance rationnelle avcc les besoins du commerce ; nous n^ 
 comprenons pas ces jolis petits remorqueura destines a la navigation des^ 
 canaux et qui sont condaranes h. Finaction depuis que I'acc^s des districts 
 de soies leur a 6te ferme. Des lignes r6gulieres sont dirig^es sur le 
 Japon, sur Tchefou et Tientsin, sur les ports du Yang-tze, sur 
 Hong Kong, sur Ningpo et sur Foochow; elles conservent dans le 
 port un va et vient continuel, qui maintient le tonnage total de 1865 
 peu au dessous des chiffres de I'ann^e precedente comnie le raontre le 
 tableau suivant : — 
 
 1865. Entres 1,740 navires, tonnage 848,456 Tx. 
 
 Sortis 1,810 „ 887,747 „ 
 
 1864. Entres 2,137 „ 899,331 „ 
 
 Sortis 2,104 „ 888,728 „ 
 
 Comme perspectives qui puissent interesser la navigation, on peut citer 
 la venue prochaine des Paquebots-poste Am^ricains. On pent se demander 
 aussi dans quel rapport elle sera aflfect^e par la permission qui doit etre 
 bientot concedee aux Chinois par leur Gouvernement de posseder des 
 navires etrangers ; pour le moment ils u'ont pas encore le droit de modifier 
 les foraaes nationales de leurs jonques. 
 
 Nuinermre. — La complaisance tres grande deplusieuirsbanquiers nous 
 a pirQcur§ sur le numeraire, des donnees exactes que les statistiques n'ont 
 pas 6te a meme de fournir. En 1865, le numeraire import^ des pays 
 Strangers, Hong Koug compris, s'eleverait a 9,684,470 taels ; le numeraire 
 importe des ports Chinois h, 8,95&,393 taels : en tout 18,643,863 taels. 
 Le num6raire exporte a I'etranger, Hong Kong compris, se monterait a 
 12,067,843 laels ; le auni6raii-e re-exporte aux ports Chinois a 3,965,847 
 taels : en tout 16,033,690 taels. Avec ces renseignements, le compte- 
 general du commerce de Shanghai peut s'etahlir comme il suit ? 
 
 Commerce E^ranger. 
 
 Taels. 
 Numeraire import^ cles pays etrajiger .. .. .. .. 9,684,479 
 
 Valenr des marchandises importees des pays etrangers, moins 
 
 les re-exports aux pays etrangers .. .. .. ., 35,225,965 
 
 Total 44,91»,435 
 
 Nnineraire exporte aux pays etrangers ,. „. .. .. 12,0)67,843^. 
 
 Produits Chinois exporte aux pays etrangers . . . . . . 29,559,622 
 
 Total 41,624,465. 
 
 Commerce de Shanghai a»ec les Ports Chinois. 
 
 Taek. 
 Numeraire importe des ports Chinois ... .. .. .. 8,959,393. 
 
 Produits Chinois importes, moins ceux re-expedies a d'autres 
 
 ports .. .. 21,079,390 
 
 Produits etrangers importees des ports Chinois . . . . . . 382,660' 
 
 Total 3M2l,44a 
 
 Numeraire exporte aux ports Chinois ,. .. ,, .. 3,965,84? 
 
 Produits indigenes exportes a ces ports . . . . . . , , 7,702,554 
 
 Marchandises etrangeres re-export^es a ces ports .. .. 24,991,620 
 
 Total 36,660,021 
 
 De ces deux series de calcul on peut dSduire facilement les condition;^ 
 du numeraire pour I'aunee 1865. D'une part, la valeur des marchandises 
 importees des pays 6trangers dSpassaiit celle des produits iadig&ies qui y 
 
SHANGcHAE. 9S 
 
 offlt 6t6 exportSs ; de I'autre, la valeur des marthandises indigenes «t 
 etrangBi-es exp.6di6es de Shanghai aiax autres ports depassant celle qui en 
 etait recjne et obligeanit par cons^qiaient ces derniers a faire des retours 
 d'argent : tout, on le voit, s'est reuni pour faire afflner le numeraire a 
 Shanghai. Qhe Ton ajoute a. ces causes I'abseMce totale de des specular 
 tions VoeaJes qui, les anuees precSdentes, remuaient de si grosses sonimes, 
 et Ton fcirera comme consequence que le change a du raster tres bas. Bn 
 effet, de Sh. 7 taels 2 mace 4 candarines (8 francs 67 centimes!) qu'il etait 
 en 1864, il est tomb6 a Sh. 6 taels 2 mace (7 francs 80 centimes) et Sh. 
 6 taels 4 mace (8 frames), et Be -s'est relev^ qu'un mois seuiement, eti Juillet 
 ou ii a atteint Sh. 6 taels 6 mace (8 francs 10 centimes). Les onze 
 banques Stabiles k Shanghai out negocie pen d'affaires ; pour se d^barrasser 
 de I'argent qu'elles gardaient sans emploi dans leurs coffres, elles ont pris 
 le parti de I'envojer dans I'lnde et de le vendre au GouTemement 
 Colonial poar en faire de la monnaie : 9,761,796 taels ont 6te exp^dies de 
 cette fa^on et les envois se continuaient en Janvier, 1866. Comme ainsi 
 le numeraire reste en exc^dant a Shanghai s'est en pavtie ecoale et 
 que, d'apr^s les avis des analles, les expeditions d'Europe seiaient peu 
 consideraM«s, le change, au momeni des a&ires, a tcmte chance de 
 monter. 
 
 Droits. — Le total g6n6ral des droits pergus par la doaane de Shanghai' 
 a'«leve a H. 2,167,841 ta^s et depasse celui de 1864 de H. 86,468 taels. 
 
 IV. — Nationalities Etahlies a ShatcgJim. 
 
 Embrass€eB dans on coup d'teil general et, qn'on nous permette 
 I'expression, h vol d'<iiiaeau, les nationalit^s qui prennent part an commerce 
 de Shanghai' arracaissent sous cinq cait%ories : les Anglais, les Americaios, 
 les AUemands, les Fran^ais et les Cbinois ; sous la Cc^gorie des Al'leman(k, 
 on fait entrer les maisons holLandaises, sous la catSgorie des Franqais om 
 comprend les Suisses ; ceci bien entendu, comme usage adopte et non 
 comme distribution raisonnie. Au mois de Decembre, on comptait a 
 Shanghai 88 maisons de conomesrce — 11 banqoes, 13 courtiers, 13 maisons 
 de commission, 14 stores, 21 maisons de professions differentes, 13 dodss 
 et 3 ateliers de reparation de navires. Les concessions et^nt ba>bit^s par 
 2,500 etrangers et 120,000 €hinois. 
 
 Anglais. — Les Anglais ont fecilement le gros lot du lingot Tolumineux 
 qui chaqiie anuee passe par le creuset du commerce a Shanghai. Letirs 
 maisons sont les plus aniaennes ; les plus pui-ssantes d'entr'elles sont 
 branches de ces maisons colossales £iHid^es alors que la Chine ^^tait encore 
 envelopp6e de mystere pour I'Europe, pair de hardis spSculateurs qui devin- 
 rent des " merchant princes." Elles ont Iravers^ ces epoques heureuses 
 oil la Celeste Empire etait une mine d'or; la iMne est toujours Tiche,, 
 mais elle n* domne plus ique du cuivre et est penible a exploiter : lemr 
 avance est dionc considiSrable. D'autre part, la Grande Bretagne est vrai- 
 ment le seul pays qui import^ en Chine ; a cot6 id'elle i'Amerique et le 
 continent n'arrivent qn'a des chiffres insignifiants. C'est, par suite, le seal 
 qmi s'y soit cr^e des ^changes rdels et encore sont-41s a son grand avantage, 
 car avec ses imiportatioDS directes et I'opium, nous avons vu qu a Shanghai 
 elle fait entrer une valeur de 3'6,i000,000 de taels, quand elle n'en exporte 
 qu'une valeur de 22,500,000. Fournissant done a ses negociants des 
 marchandises qui leur font rSaliser des benefices et aussi leur procurent 
 sans frais Taa-gent avec lequel ils ach^tent les produits indigenes, ceux-ci 
 ont de tout temps eu la facility de faire arriver en Europe dans de meil- 
 leures conditions le tbi, la soie et le coton et, par suite, d'absorber la 
 jnoyenne partie des transactions de la Chine, en meme temps par q^ue eux 
 
 H 2 
 
94 CHINA. 
 
 Londres est restg I'entrepot general des exportations de I'extreme Orient. 
 Ses nombreuses colonies qui enserrent cette partie du monde, etendent 
 encore le cercle de leurs aifaires par les produits qui s'en exportent et vien- 
 nent augmenter leurs moyens d'eohange. Erifin les affaires locales, celles 
 de port a port, au lieu A'&h-p comme pour los autres une question de chance, 
 sont pour eux le corollaire naturel de ces avantages divers qui les mettent 
 aussi a. memc d'entretenir dans ces mers une flotte marchande considerable, 
 dont le tonnage est la raoitie du tonnage total etranger. Sur 88 maisons 
 de commerce, 58 sont Anglaises ; nous y coniprenons 7 maisons de Parsees 
 importantes. Les maisons da courtage, de commission a quelques excep- 
 tions pres, toutes les banques moins une, sont Anglaises ; 3 docks, 1 
 atelier de constructions, et 2 ateliers de reparations sont diriges par des 
 sujets et f'onctionnent par des capitaux Britanniques. 
 
 Americains. — Les Aroericains ont a Shanghai comme partout ailleurs 
 la superiorit6 de la navigation ; on ne pent faire concurrence a certains de 
 leurs steamers qu'en leur opposant des steamers de memes formes et de 
 meme modele. Sur la ligne du Yang-tze sept steamers sur dix sont 
 Am6ricains ; d'autres sont distribues sur les lignes de Ningpo, de Hong 
 Kong et du Japon ; presque tous portent des machines construites d'apres 
 le systeme hardi du balancier suspendu (beam engine) et c'est I'un d'eux, 
 le Suwonada, qui tient le premier rang comme rapidite dans les voyages 
 de la cote ; sa moyenne est de 14 nceuds. La flotte a voiles des Etats 
 Unis qui trouve maintenant les mers libres, va revenir a son ancienne 
 importance ; les clippers avaient arbore des pavilion etrangers pendant la 
 guerre. Cette annde le tonnage des navires a voiles et a vapeur est reste 
 le merae qu'en 1864 et est la raoitii du tonnage des navires Anglais. 
 
 Les Am6ricains ont a Shanghai 6 fortes maisons de commerce, pliisieurs 
 grands stores. Les maisons de commerce re^oivent de I'Amerique cer- 
 taines cotonnades, des bois mous, du ble, de la farine et du mercure ; elles 
 expedient en retour des th6s verts et du straw braid: cette ann^e un 
 cbargement de thes noirs a ete pour la premiere fois expedie a, San Fran- 
 ^sco. Toutefois, leurs transactions ne se bornent pas aux ^changes directs 
 de leurs pays ; elles prennent part au commerce d'importation et d'exporta- 
 tion de I'Angleterre. 
 
 La ligne des steamers du Pacifique va sans doute augmenter rapide- 
 ment les relations d'affaires des Etats Unis avec la Chine ; ils exporteront 
 tout d'abord une assez grand quantite de soies que les malles Anglaises 
 ont jusqu'ici fait passer par Londres et si, comme on peut y compter, ils 
 r6pondent comme vitesse et confort a ce que les Americains savenl si bien 
 executer, ils seront de la plus heureuse influence pour le commerce en 
 general et en partioulier pour celui des Americains &, Shanghai. 
 
 Allemands. — A en juger par les renseignements des statistiques, le 
 commerce allemand serait presque nul et se renfermerait dans qnelques 
 produits d'une valeur relativement minime ; mais les allemands, ne trou- 
 vant pas chex eux des elements suflisants de transaction, vont tout bonne- 
 ment les chercher ailleurs et se procurent ainsi des moyens de trafiquer. 
 Leurs maisons de Shanghai se font envoyer d'Angleterre des articles 
 manufactures et y expedient les produits de la Chine ; elles out aussi des 
 correspondants et des succursales au Japon, a Siam, a Singapore, a Hong 
 Kong, et dans les autres ports de la Chine ; aussi les navires allemands 
 employes sur la cote et ■ dans les ports voisins ont-ils toujours ete nom- 
 breux, mais comme ce sont des navires h, voiles, c'est sur eux que la rarete 
 des frets a surtont pese. En 1864, on comptait 285 navires entres, de 
 75,714 tonneaux; 293. navires sortis,de 81,662 tonneaux. En 1865, il 
 n'y a plus que 133 navires entres, de 43,180 tonneaux ; 139 navires sortis 
 de 42,148 tonneaux ; et ces chiffres seront encore diminues en 1866. 
 
SHANGHAE. 95 
 
 Avant la concurrence si redontable des yapeurs, ils etaient en faveur pres 
 des Chinois pour la modioite de leurs frets et le caractdre bienveillant et 
 doux de leurs capitaines. Les navires allemands portent presque tons les 
 pavilions de Hamburg et de BrSme et arrivent charges des articles de 
 rAUema^ne qui trouvent des debouches en Chine, Nous en avons d6ja 
 cit6 quelques uns tels que les lainages, les draps, les Spanish stripes, les 
 allumettes et les aiguilles ; nous pouvons y ajouter quelques calicots, du 
 plomb, du zinc de silesie, des verreries et des stores. Comme Shanghai' 
 ne fournit rien a ces navires pour leur voyage de retour, ils out h, se cher- 
 cher des frets le long de la cote ou dans un port etranger. 
 
 Les Allemands a Shanghai ont 15 maisons de commerce , 4 sent sous 
 la protection Anglaise et sont des succursales de maisons 6tablies h Lon- 
 dres; quelques professions, quelques stores sont aussi tenus par eux. 
 
 Les Hollandais que nous avons rSunis sous la meme categoric, ont 
 deux maisons et une compagnie de commerce. En 1865, le tonnage de 
 leurs navires ^ et6 de 16 navires entres de 5,139 tonneaux ; 19 navires 
 sortis, de 6,204 tonneaux ; ils viennent g^n6ralement de Borneo et des 
 colonies voisins. 
 
 Francais. — La France, le pays des idees, en importe beaucoup en 
 Chine par ses missionnaires, mais elle s'occupe peu d'y importer des coton- 
 nades et des lainages et laisse a d'autres nations plus positives, le champ 
 libre a ces transactions profitables mais vulgaires. La table des importa- 
 tions du commerce etranger marque a son avoir un zero parfait ; &, I'expor- 
 tation, I'article " soies et cocons " s'Sleve a la colonne qui lui est sp6ciale 
 au chiffre de 5,844 piculs et 2,415,198 taels et, bien que ee chiffre soit 
 mediocre, puisque I'exportation totale a ii& de 43,000 balles et que la 
 France a du en consommer plus de la moitie pour ses manufactures, il 
 poutrait encore donner aux personnes qui le liraient a I'Stranger, une idee 
 exagiree de son commerce a. Shanghai. Or, de ces 5,844 piculs qui se 
 traduisent aussi par 7,300 balles, les maisons fran^aises n'ont exporte que 
 2,500 balles ; le reste a ete exp6die par des Anglais, des Americains et des 
 Allemands. Ces maisons sont au nombre de cinq ; on compte en plus 
 trois stores, une banque importante succursale du Comptoir d'Escompte, et 
 une agence des Messageries Iraperiales. C'est peu pour la France, qui il 
 y a cinq ans envoyait une armie planter ses drapeaux sur les murs de 
 Peking, et faut-il r6ellement esp6rer qu'elle aura un jour un commerce 
 serieux avec la Chine ? 
 
 S'il devait en etre ainsi, elle commencerait par Shanghai, car ne 
 consommant pas de th6s, c'est ici seulement qu'elle pourrait trouver a 
 ^changer des produits indigdnes contre les siens, mais nous devons dire 
 en conscience que nous avons eu a cet 6gard plus d'illusions qu'aujourd'hui. 
 
 En 1861, elle avait nne dizaine de maisons de commerce qui paraissai- 
 ent solides, quelques stores bien months ; les chiiFres que nous venons de 
 donner n'annoncent pas que sa position ait avanc6, bien au contraire ; la 
 guerre de Chine aura en somme attire beaucoup d'etrangers vers ces pays, 
 mais pas de Francais. Des essais sont cependant faits de temps a autre 
 sur une 6chelle restreinte pour I'introduction de ses 6toifes de coton et de 
 laine, mais celles-ci sont encore trop cheres pour pouvoir entrer en con- 
 currence avec celles de la Grande Bretagne, et il faut laisser au " free 
 trade," que les nigociants de la m6tropole subissent plutot qu'ils n'acceptent, 
 le soin d'en abaisser sufRsament les prix de fabrication. Jusque 1^ mes 
 compatriote's qui voudront envoyer des 6tofiFes en Chine, devront comme 
 les Allemands aller les acheter hors de chez eux, et nous supposons que 
 cette compagnie qui s'organisait, disait-on, pour monopoliser les soies de 
 Shanghai et les d^tourner de Londres au profit des marches de Lyon et de 
 Marseille, aur»it tout d'abord passe des contrats avec les fabriquea de 
 
96 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Manchester, afia de se raettre k jeu egal avec les n%aeianfs Anglais. 
 Mais tenant pour certain, comme on le peut avec s6curite, que les fabri- 
 ques de Rouen, Mulhouse, etc., privies maintenaut de protectioa pour 
 r§coulement de leurs produits, arriveront avant peu, a les livrer a aussL 
 bon marche que tout autre pays, verra-t-on pour cela des Francais venir 
 les vendre en Chine ? Helas ! nous ne voudrlons pas non plus laffirmfir 
 et ce qu'on pourrait bien voir alors, ce serait les cotonnades et les lainages en 
 question passant par Londres pour prendre le chemin de I'Extreme Orient. 
 Les importations actuelles de la France a Shanghai ne sont pasaussi nulles 
 que les statistiques sembleraient I'indiquer; ses articles de modes, de 
 bijouterie, les vins qui garnissent les stores representent encore une cer- 
 taine valeur; mais les importateurs sont etrangers^ Cette apathie des 
 Francais a sortir de chez eux n'est pas un caprice passager et ce n'est pas 
 en un moment qu'on pent la faire disparaitre, car elle est le resultat de la 
 politique longtemps suivie et qu'une 6cole nombrense conseille encore, de 
 renfermer le commerce et ks idees de la France dans le cercle le plus 
 restreint, dans le but pr^tendu d'augmenter ses forces en les condensant. 
 A la longue, I'audace et I'intelligence necessaires aux entreprises commer- 
 ciales tentees au loin se sont perdues ; a la longue aussi, a I'esprii large 
 des affaires s'est substitu^ un esprit plus mesquin, plus chicaiiier ; nous 
 avons entendu maintes fois des expediteurs de sales declarer que les tran- 
 sactions rencontraient plus d'ennuis en France qu'en Angleterre et nous 
 les avoTffi vus apres avoir essaye une annee d'envoyer des soies a Lyon ou 
 a, Marseille, revenir de dugout I'annee suivante aux envois directs vers 
 Londres. 
 
 On peut voir d'ailleurs par le tableau suivant que depuis Tinstitution 
 de la ligne des Messageries Imperiales, la quantity de soies de Chine et 
 du Japon exp6diee (nous ne disons pas debarquie) a Marseille n'a pas 
 augmente ; les dates sont prises du 1 Juillet d'une annee au 30 Juin. de 
 Tannee suivante. 
 
 186(J-61 
 1861-62 
 1862^63 
 
 7,850 
 6,177 
 9,970 
 
 1863-64 3',9'36 
 
 1864-«5 9,27-6 
 
 1865-66 (an 1 Jaicriear) . . ft,350 
 
 En exprimant avec cette amere sincerity combien, commercialement 
 partant, I'influence de la France est en retard en Chine, il y a toutefoisi 
 de notre part plus d'impatience que de decouragement. Nous avons pleine 
 confiance dans le " free trade," et dans la renovation rapide qu'il apporte 
 dans les conceptions d'un pays. Avec les progTes de fabrication nait 
 I'ambition commerciale ; un pays n'est plus alor* long a. comprendi-e que 
 pour etre vraim.ent graaad, il ne doit limiter ses vues a I'horizon borH« qui 
 I'entoure, mais bien les jeter sur le moude entier. Cette ania.6e et I'annge 
 derniere, des n^gociants franfais sont venus passer une saison au Japoa 
 pour y acheter en grande quantity des graines de vers a sole ; ceci montre 
 d&jl, que I'Extreme Orient ne leur parait plus si 61oign6 et, de tons les 
 efforts du Gouvernement actuel powr y dirigei- ses nationaux, I'appui donn& 
 a I'etablissement de la ligne des Messageries Irap6riales aajra encore 6te 
 le plus efficace. L'habilet6 avec laquelle elle est administree a du restS' 
 repoadu a. ce qu'on demandait d'elle et lui a acquis une popularite hieit 
 m^ritee. Les deux vapeurs qu'elle entretient h Shanghai et qui arriventi 
 et partent une fois par mois, sauvent les apparences du commerce franeais. 
 sur les statistiques, au tonnage et aux droits de douane. Ses navires ^ 
 voiles qui frequentent le port, sont peu nombreux ; il n'y en a jamais plus 
 de 3 ou 4 a la fois. 
 
 La Suisse a 3 maisons de commerce a Shanghai ; elles sont sous la 
 .protection fram^aisev 
 
SHANGHAE. 97 
 
 Chinms. — Pendatit qu'a certains ports, clients Ae Shanghai, tels que 
 Tientsin et Ningpo, on entend les etrangers se plaindre que le commerce 
 m^me d'es articles manufactures 6ciiappc a leurs mains pour passer aux 
 mains des Chinois qui sc les font expedier directement, on peut penser que 
 les hongs de Shanghai, devenus des centres, ont atteint une grande impor- 
 tance ; mai« on y entend au contraire declarer qu'il n'en existe plus de 
 eonsid6rables. Ces maisons du pays, auxquelles on supposait autrefois un 
 fort capital de 500,000 a 1,000,000 taels, qu'elles justifiaient du reste 
 par I'extension de leurs transactions, auraient disparu, les unes abim6es 
 sans retour dans les ravages de la rebellion, les autres qui commencaient 
 tk se relever, ruin6es dans les faillites du coton. Les grandes maisons 
 iregrettent ces hongs puissants par le moyen desquels el'les pouvaient facile- 
 ment rayonner dans le coeur des provinces, lis 6taient alors peu nom- 
 breux et raonopolisaient presque le commerce de I'interieur avec les etran- 
 gers ; maintenant beaucoup de hongs secondaires sont venus s'6tablir sur 
 les concessions et, comme les affaires sont par suite plus divisees, les 
 chances d'extension rapide sont moindres pour les uns comme pour les 
 autres. 
 
 On compte apeupres 150 hongs fix^s sur les concessions ; trois seule- 
 ment trafiqueraient sur une certaine 6cheUe avec les ports du Yang-tse, 
 oil du reste les maisons n'ont par encore cherch§ d'une maniere sensible 
 a s'affranchir de I'intermediaire des etrangers. Ces trois hongs seraient 
 bien soutenus par les banques indigenes qui acheteraient avec confiance 
 leurs traites a longue echeance sur les ports. Mais h, Tientsin, si I'on 
 excepte I'opium,, toutes les transactions de ce port ^chappent aux Strangers 
 qui s'y sont Stablis. Les Chinois ont la partie belle dans cette concur- 
 rence; leurs installations, leur maniere de vivre sont des plus simples, 
 et grevent de peu de frais les marchandises qu'ils re9oivent. On estime 
 qu'il y a au moins 30 hongs trafiquantsp6cialement avec le Nord ; certains 
 peuvent avoir de i^0,000 k 100,000 taels de capital ; n'employant que les 
 steamers pour leurs expeditions, ils peuvent grdce a la rapidite des commu- 
 nications, prendre avec leurs correspondants pour leurs reglemenls de 
 comptes, des arrangements qui facilitent beaucoup leurs operations. 
 
 Les gens du Tcliekiang font mieux encore, ils viennent faire leurs 
 achats a Shanghai et ils les font chez les importateurs ; c'eSt ainsi que 
 les hongs benSlicient peu ou point des affaires que les Strangers ont 
 perdues a Ningpo. Tous les jours un vapeur part d'un port a I'autre et 
 les transporte pour 1|- dollar ; 3 dollars pour leur voyage d'aller et de 
 retour, quelque menue monnaie depensee £l Shanghai, voila tous leurs 
 frais et ile 6vitent ainsi la commission qu'ils avaient a payer. Ce nouveau 
 systeme serablerait incompatible avec la lenteur naturelle du chinois, 
 mais si il est indolent et mou quand il s'agit de I'intSrSt des aut.'-es, il est 
 plein d'ardeur quand il s'agit du sien et ne regarde pas a sa peine, et 
 maint coramer^ant tres riche ne se repose jamais, voyage sans cesse, 
 passe d'lme grande barque dans une petite, et vit aussi frugalement que le 
 domestique qui I'accompagne. 
 
 La precision et la vitesse de la navigation a vapeur font passej peu a 
 peu dans la langue des fleurs la maxime prosaique " Time is money," et 
 les vieux doivent deja reconnaitre que de leur temps on se pressait 
 moins . 
 
 Cette chute des prSjuges centre I'emploi des steamers dans toutes les 
 classes de la societe est jusqu'ici I'indice le plus patent des progres operas 
 par le contact des etrangers ; bacheliers se rendant a Pekin pour leurs 
 examens, mandarins a globules de toutes couleurs rejoignant leurs postes, 
 tous ne veulent plus voyager que par les navires a " roues de feu " et 
 
98 CHINA. 
 
 parlent dejk de I'^poque ou la Chine aura ses vapeurs a elle et apprendra 
 a les construire et a les diriger 
 
 Resume. — Quelques mots encore pour resumer ce trop long travail. 
 La situation de Shanghai h une certaine epoque n'etait pas, il faut en 
 convenir, des plus rassurantes ; e'en est fiiii, disait-on, de sa prosp^rite ; 
 ces negooiants qui paraissaient si habiles ne sent que des t6meraires dont 
 le credit ne repose sur aucune base solide ; le commerce est k has ; la 
 Concorde qui regnait jadis a fait place a des divisions profondes ; 
 I'administralion a des dettes qu'elle ne pent payer et tout le monde s eti 
 separe, etc., etc. 
 
 Que voyons nous a la fin de 1865 ? L' administration dont I'autorite a 
 ete r^ellement etablie par la decision des tribunaux, a fait rentrer les 
 dissidents dans I'ordre (ils fitaient d'ailleurs peu nombreux), remis les 
 finances dans un assiette rSguliere, et rendu !a confiance a tons. Les 
 meetings ont repris le calme et le caractere de conciliation qui les 
 rendaient si dignes d'admiration. Les travaux publics quoique n6cessaire- 
 ment moindres, ont 6te encore marques et ont satisfait le demande 
 genirale. Certaines entreprises privees, un theatre lyrique, le gaz, 
 donnent de plus en plus aux concessions I'apparence d'une ville Europeenne. 
 La population Chinoise diminu6e en un jour par I'emigration, a pris un 
 mouvement graduel d'accroissement, attiree par des mesures sages et 
 loyales. Au point de vue commercial les conditions, il est vrai, ne sont 
 plus les memes. Pour des causes d6jk enumeres, beaucoup de gens ont 
 disparu de la scene, les pertes des speculateurs ont ouvert les yeux et fait 
 tomber I'animation factice des annees prec6dentes. Ce qui s'est produit 
 pour les hongs Chinois, s'est produit aussi pour les maisons etrangeres ; 
 leur nombre est plus considerable ; il faut par suite plus de temps et 
 plus de travail pour arriver aux profits d'autrefois. Mais laissant de 
 cot6 les int6rets particuliers, nous avons vu que pris dans son ensemble, le 
 commerce a progresse et il n'y a pas lieu d'en etre surpris. 
 
 Situee pres des districts de soie, et reliee a eux par des canaux 
 magnifiques, Shanghai occupe sur la c6te une position centrale qui en 
 fait un entrepot naturel pour des ports du Yang-tze-kiang, de Ningpo et 
 du Japon, et le commerce des Strangers y repose sur des bases telles qu'il 
 progressera, quand meme absorb^ par les maisons indigenes il continuerait 
 %. diminuer dans les ports secondaires. Une crise quelque terrible qu'elle 
 fut, ne saurait done lui enlever son titre de capitale commerciale de la 
 Chine, de meme que, par le bon sens et I'esprit pratique de ses citoyens, 
 la republique cosmopolite des coniicssions ne cessara jamais de meriter 
 I'appellation, un instant contestee, de " Model Settlement." 
 
 (Signed) P. GIQUEL, Lieutenant de Vaisseau, 
 
 Inspecteur des Douanes Chinoises. 
 
99 
 
 AlfALYSIS. 
 
 Analysis of Chinese Cummerce duiing the Year 1865. 
 
 From the published returns of trade of the Chinese ports open to 
 foreign flags for the year ] 865, it appears that, notwithstanding the com- 
 mercial crisis then existing, the total amount of the trade of China is 
 considerably above that of the previous year 1864. 
 
 The estimated total value of trade carried on under foreign flags in 
 1864 amounted to 209,574,192 taels ; and the estimated value of trade at 
 the open ports in 1865, 237,507,922 taels, as per following Table : — 
 
 Comparative Table of the Estimated Value of Trade at the different 
 Ports, during the Years 1864 and 1865. 
 
 Ports. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Decrease. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Shanghae . 
 
 66,027,683 
 
 53,522,776 
 
 
 12,504,907 
 
 Canton . . 
 
 21,941,394 
 
 26,042,645 
 
 4,101,251 
 
 , , 
 
 Swatow . . 
 
 10,026,375* 
 
 14,409,670 
 
 4,383,295 
 
 , . 
 
 Amoy 
 
 10,909,676 
 
 15,239,755 
 
 4,830,079 
 
 
 Foo-chow . 
 
 20,070,122* 
 
 27,890,122 
 
 7,820,000 
 
 , , 
 
 Formosa . . 
 
 1,453,701 
 
 2,873,425 
 
 1,419,724 
 
 
 Ningpo . . 
 
 17,824,776 
 
 15,106,421 
 
 
 2,718,355 
 
 Hankow . . 
 
 27,928,511 
 
 28,750,363 
 
 821,852 
 
 
 Kiu-kiang . 
 
 8,111,283 
 
 13,050,753 
 
 4,939,470 
 
 
 Chin-kiang 
 
 7,195,605 
 
 10,789,550 
 
 3,593,945 
 
 , , 
 
 Che-foo . . 
 
 6,319,950 
 
 8,619,422 
 
 2,299,472 
 
 • D 
 
 Tien-tsin 
 
 9,376,208* 
 
 17,344,847 
 
 7,968,639 
 
 , , 
 
 Newchwang 
 
 2,388,908* 
 
 3,868,173 
 
 1,479,265 
 
 •• 
 
 Total 
 
 209,574,192 
 
 237,507,922 
 
 43,156,992 
 
 15,223,262 
 
 The preceding total estimated value of trade of each port includes the 
 amount of the whole import and export trade, and the amount of the 
 imported and exported treasure, less the amount of the re-exports. 
 
 At the port of Shanghae, as the import and export of treasure could 
 not be correctly ascertained, it is not included in the above amounts for 
 1864 and 1865. 
 
 The trade of Shanghae according to the foregoing table, shows a 
 decrease of 12,500,000 taels compared with the previous year, on account 
 of the re-exports having increased 10,000,000 during 1865, viz. : — 
 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Re-exports 
 
 Taels. 
 38,652,356 
 
 Taels. 
 48,356,215 
 
 The total amount of imports and exports being 
 
 104,680,039 
 
 101,878,991 
 
 Which shows the actual decrease of Shanghae 
 to be about . . 
 
 
 2,800 000 
 
 * The import and export of treasure not having been ascertained in 1864, is not 
 included in the ports of Swatow, Foo-chow, Tien-tsin, and Newchwang, but is included 
 in 1865 in the same four ports. 
 
1 00 CUINA. 
 
 The above increase in 1865 of about 10,000,000 of taels of re-exports 
 from Shanghae, might be taken as a favourable sign for the future develop- 
 ment of trade at the out-ports. 
 
 The total estimated value of foreign imports and native coast trade 
 imports during 1864, amounted to 142,969,347 taels; and in 1865, to 
 169,950,334 taels. 
 
 To which the different countries have contributed as follows : — 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Great Britain ) ,- .,g „_j^ 
 
 British Possessions and Colonies J ' " " ' ' 
 
 Japan 2,454,109 
 
 United States of America . . . . . . . . 482,593 
 
 Sundry countries* 2,620,987 
 
 Cliinese ports 79,809,253 
 
 Total (not including treasure) .. .. 143,102,713 
 
 " Sundry countries'' include the whole of the Continent,, and others. 
 
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102 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 The following Tables are an extract of the principal imports of the 
 ports of Shanghae, Canton, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, Hankow, 
 Kiukiang, Chefoo, Tien-tsin, and Newchwang, which will give an idea of 
 the principal staple import articles of the trade of each port : — 
 
 SHANGHAE. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 18 
 
 65. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Cotton piece goods — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grey Ghirtings 
 
 . Pieces 
 
 l,39t,183 
 
 
 
 
 White 
 
 „ 
 
 312,097 
 
 
 
 
 T-clotliB 
 
 „ 
 
 167,096 
 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 Total value ... 
 
 
 6,613,638 
 
 
 6,566,806 
 
 
 "■ 
 
 Camlets 
 
 Pieces 
 
 liifiiO 
 
 
 
 
 Habit, medium, broad cloth, and 
 
 
 
 
 
 Spanish stripes 
 
 „ 
 
 61,908 
 
 
 
 
 Lastings 
 
 „ 
 
 36,907 
 
 
 
 
 Long ells 
 
 >j ••• 
 
 117,686 
 
 
 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain 
 
 „ •.. 
 
 168,793 
 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions 
 
 Opium 
 
 Total value ... 
 Piculs 
 
 
 6,621,338 
 16,376.089 
 
 
 4,533,309 
 14,293,079 
 
 36,680 
 
 30,621 
 
 Iron, nail rod, and bar 
 
 „ 
 
 121,972 
 
 317,127 
 
 90,601 
 
 317,442 
 
 lead 
 
 „ 
 
 46,497 
 
 214,570 
 
 66,206 
 
 316,754 
 
 Tin 
 
 M 
 
 6,348 
 
 136,449 
 
 5,911 
 
 321,110 
 
 Eice 
 
 „ 
 
 749,579 
 
 1,883,533 
 
 1,619,189 
 
 4,127,440 
 
 Sugar, brown, white, and candy „ 
 
 „ 
 
 801,113 
 
 3,329.633 
 
 841,663 
 
 3,377,366 
 
 Coals 
 
 Tons 
 
 96,075 
 
 898,656 
 
 117,570 
 
 947,636 
 
 Sandalwood 
 
 Piculs 
 
 85,101 
 
 166,296 
 
 14,110 
 
 88.818 
 
 Japan seaweed 
 
 Indigo, liquid and dry 
 
 )» 
 
 117.781 
 
 369,318 
 
 129,794 
 
 487,300 
 
 „ 
 
 66,593 
 
 669,893 
 
 59,277 
 
 692,405 
 
 Silk, raw, from Chinese ports 
 
 „ 
 
 3,993 
 
 1,369,280 
 
 1,209 
 
 471,993 
 
 Tea 
 
 „ 
 
 450,757 
 
 14,199,079 
 
 631,831 
 
 15,853,066 
 
 Cotton „ 
 
 „ 
 
 13,046 
 
 482,613 
 
 95,939 
 
 1,873.460 
 
 Wood oil „ 
 
 » 
 
 97,010 
 
 126.494 
 
 69,359 
 
 693,641 
 
 Paper „ 
 
 11 
 
 86,819 
 
 255,993 
 
 108,670 
 
 690,971 
 
 Hemp „ 
 
 „ 
 
 48,938 
 
 489,384 
 
 41,350 
 
 413,500 
 
 Chinaware „ 
 
 i> 
 
 33,336 
 
 332,393 
 
 68,805 
 
 740,270 
 
 And sundries „ 
 
 Value . .!! 
 
 ... 
 
 9,867,34] 
 
 
 11,638,215 
 
 Total 
 
 64,616,815 
 
 66,833,271 
 
 KINGPO. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 18 
 
 j5. 
 
 18 
 
 54. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Cotton piece goods— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sliittmgs, grey 
 
 Pieces 
 
 13,402 
 
 
 
 
 „ white ... 
 
 „ 
 
 3,897 
 
 
 
 
 T-cloths 
 
 „ 
 
 31,361 
 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions 
 
 Total value '.'.'. 
 
 
 204,969 
 
 ..I 
 
 399,176 
 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camlets 
 
 Pieces 
 
 1,249 
 
 
 
 
 Habit, broad, and medium cloths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Spanish stripes 
 
 J, 
 
 3,337 
 
 
 
 
 Lastin<;:s 
 
 „ 
 
 1,435 
 
 
 
 
 long ells 
 
 „ 
 
 1,240 
 
 
 
 
 lustres; plain and figured 
 
 „ 
 
 8,830 
 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions 
 
 Total value ... 
 
 
 103,769 
 
 
 79,277 - 
 
 
 Opium 
 
 Piculs 
 
 3,470 
 
 1,755,140 
 
 "3,295 
 
 1,604,991 
 
 Tin 
 
 „ 
 
 17,831 
 
 306,477 
 
 8,789 
 
 131,678 
 
 nice 
 
 M 
 
 575,433 
 
 869,834 
 
 1,911,143 
 
 3,743,307 
 
 Sugar, brown, white, and candy .. 
 
 Hemp 
 
 Woodoil 
 
 „ 
 
 147,467 
 
 730,087 
 
 145,925 
 
 686,439 
 
 ,, 
 
 10,467 
 
 78,370 
 
 6.942 
 
 69,424 
 
 „ 
 
 9,749 
 
 95,544 
 
 10,791 
 
 107,916 
 
 Lnng-ngans 
 
 „ 
 
 20,142 
 
 198,002 
 
 18,148 
 
 217.776 
 
 Silk piece goods 
 
 „ 
 
 193 
 
 301,726 
 
 397 
 
 200,674 
 
 And sundries „ 
 
 Value 
 
 
 1,945,791 
 
 ... 
 
 3,025,068 
 
 Total 
 
 6,484,599 
 
 10,364,616 
 
ANALYSIS. 
 CANTON. 
 
 103 
 
 Imports. 
 
 . 1866. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton piece goods-i- 
 
 Shirtings, gre^ Pieces 
 
 „ wlute „ 
 
 r-clotliB , 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit, broad and medium cloth, 
 and Spanish stripes „ 
 
 Lastings 
 
 Long ells , 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Opium Piculs 
 
 Iron, manufactured , 
 
 Lead, in pigs 
 
 Quicksilver , 
 
 Eice* „ 
 
 Cotton ." 
 
 Nankeens , 
 
 Birds* nests „ '„. 
 
 Ginseng 
 
 Silk piece goods „ 
 
 79,868 
 53,993 
 39,256 
 
 Dollars. 
 3,058,837 
 
 671,309 
 
 1,306,141 
 
 49,147 
 
 182,338 
 
 370,060 
 
 163,027 
 
 3,005,363 
 
 547.959 
 
 146,605 
 
 639,600 
 
 307,449 
 
 2,490 
 24,034 
 64,853 
 
 3,786 
 71,198 
 23,608 
 
 8,833 
 310 
 
 3.419 
 343 
 
 Dollars. 
 1.473,993 
 
 677,594 
 1,323,866 
 54,055 
 337,348 
 361,336 
 177,997 
 661,711 
 705,893 
 139,150 
 397,687 
 336.694 
 
 6,747 
 
 9,471 
 8,362 
 6,689 
 1,649 
 
 2,376 
 16,865 
 39,866 
 
 4,091 
 66,198 
 83,130 
 
 6,088 
 361 
 
 3,896 
 343 
 
 Dolbrs 
 
 8,196,334 
 
 6,415,013 
 
 Taels . 
 And sundries Value, taels . 
 
 6,147,168 
 1,770,284 
 
 4,811,260 
 3,483,185 
 
 Total Taels . 
 
 7,917,463 
 
 7,264,445 
 
 * The sales in Hong Kong of rice during 1865, as computed in the " China Overland Trade Report/' 
 amounted to 3,199,000 piculs, and probably the most pai-t of it found its way in native boats to Canton. 
 
 iroo-cHow. 
 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 , 
 Cotton piece goods- 
 Shirtings, grey Pieces 
 
 wlute „ 
 
 T-cloths 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit, broad, and medium cloths, 
 
 and Spanish stripes ., 
 
 Lastings 
 
 long ells „ 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain ... „ 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Opium Piculs . 
 
 Lead „ 
 
 Kice „ 
 
 Bean cakes „ 
 
 Cotton „ 
 
 Nankeens , 
 
 Peas „ 
 
 Sugar, white, brown, and candy 
 
 ToDacco .. 
 
 44-,614 
 
 6,393 
 
 17,166 
 
 Dollars. 
 403,263 
 
 168,426 
 3,306,413 
 330,917 
 438,739 
 196,833 
 209,775 
 1,330,107 
 381,734 
 311,221 
 346,377 
 
 6>71 
 36,620 
 43,386 
 37,416 
 
 6,163 
 38,778 
 83,346 
 14,080 
 
 9,330 
 
 Dollars. 
 671,09J 
 
 :381,635 
 4,347,338 
 
 338,032 
 78,439 
 61,686 
 
 134,257 
 
 1,438,938 
 
 97,038 
 
 110,364 
 
 349,686 
 
 3,958 
 
 4,046 
 
 666 
 
 1,538 
 
 3,866 
 
 5,863 
 
 35,636 
 
 134,996 
 
 71,211 
 
 8,390 
 26,603 
 70,433 
 31,310 
 11,843 
 
 Dollars 
 
 7,131.792 
 
 7.608,409 
 
 Taels . 
 And sundries Value, taels . 
 
 5,341,344 
 882,019 
 
 5,706,307 
 1,437,826 
 
 Total Taels . 
 
 6,323,363 
 
 7,134,133 
 
104 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 SWATOW. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1865. ; 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton pieceigoods — 
 
 Slmtmgs, Rrey Pieces 
 
 „ white „ 
 
 T-cloths 
 
 And othernlescriptions ... ... Total value ... 
 
 Woollen goods — 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit, broad, and medium cloths, 
 and Spnnish stripes , 
 
 Lastings „ 
 
 Long ells 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain ... „ 
 
 And otber (descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Opium ... „. ... „. Picnls , 
 CotGon, raw . „, ... ... „ ...j 
 
 „ yarn ™ „ 
 
 Peas and beans _. „ 
 
 Bean cake „ 
 
 Bice 
 
 Oil - „ 
 
 WOioat „ 
 
 41,111 
 10,319 
 12,810 
 
 Dollars. 
 358,188 
 
 80,688 ' 
 
 ;?,411,451 
 
 1,454,260 
 
 813,810 ' 
 
 891,786 
 
 1,650,018 
 
 1,933,863 
 
 93,086 
 
 166,321 
 
 ) 
 i 
 
 ■"4,390 ,' 
 
 66,684, 
 
 2,541 ■ 
 
 253,042 
 
 1,028.091 
 
 ld7,164 
 
 5,720 
 
 14,487 
 
 Dollars. 
 eU,432 
 
 7ai669' 
 
 1,614,79J 
 165,166 
 544.089 
 2,056,12» 
 810,75'« 
 67,200 
 4S.46il 
 
 1,816 ; 
 
 1,448 
 1,049 
 1,459 
 
 4,050 . 
 
 58,170 
 
 4,483 
 
 297,262 
 
 896,619 
 
 644,621 
 
 6,649 
 
 55,1W 
 
 DoUiira 
 
 9,352,411 
 
 7.900,751 
 
 Taels . 
 And sundries ™ Talue, iaels . 
 
 4'646,687 
 857,761 
 
 5,926,564 
 474,222 
 
 Tolal Taels . 
 
 7,404,448 
 
 fi,899,7«6 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton .piece goods — 
 
 Shirtings, grey Pieces 
 
 white „ 
 
 T-lloths 
 
 Ajtid otlier descriptions 'Total value ... 
 
 Cotton yam Ficuis 
 
 „ raw „ 
 
 Woollen goods — ■• 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit, broad, and medium cloth, 
 and Spanish stripes , 
 
 Lastings „ 
 
 Long ells „ 
 
 Lustres, %ured and plain ... „ 
 
 And ether descriptions Total valtte ... 
 
 Opium Piculs 
 
 Rice ".' '.'.". '.'.'. '.'.'. Z ',', '.": 
 
 Beans imd peas _ .^ „ 
 
 Bean cake ... ... ... ... „ „. 
 
 Bicho de mar » „ «. 
 
 Ksh, dried _ „ 
 
 43,061 
 16,714 
 12,158 ■ 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 403,863 
 
 263,712 
 
 1,853,726 
 
 186,007 ■ 
 8,114,280, 
 200,775 i 
 '2,129,405- 
 617,755 
 630,002 
 342,070 
 869,756 
 
 siaoB ' 
 
 41,680 ' 
 
 ■im ■, 
 
 11,568 i 
 
 -l«a,044 ' 
 
 294,124 ■ 
 
 456,570 ■ 
 
 6,028 ■ 
 
 42,556 ' 
 
 DoUars. 
 
 337,264 
 
 '2SB!MB 
 
 ■1,S3S;760 
 
 1I2,«64 
 ■3,699,W4 
 887,800 
 872,609 
 806,tnlB 
 911,1« 
 287,999 
 
 3,936 
 44,496 
 
 4,34J 
 
 969- 
 425 ' 
 231 
 603 
 
 «,245 
 
 •8,031 
 
 851,762 
 
 1172,586 
 
 1265,001 
 
 9,347 
 
 89,232 
 
 ■Dollars 
 
 9,351,351 
 
 7,853,884 
 
 Taels . 
 And sundries Value, tafils ... 
 
 7,014,514 
 2,716,530 
 
 S;889,68S 
 1,176,1176 
 
 ■Total Taels . 
 
 9,781,044 
 
 7,064,789 
 
AITAILTSIS. 
 
 105 
 
 HANKOW. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1866. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton piece goocls — 
 
 SMrtiBgs, grey Pieces 
 
 white „ 
 
 y-cloth ... , 
 
 And oilier iescriptions Total value ... 
 
 Canflets Pieces 
 
 Habit, niedEum, broad cloth, and 
 
 Spanish Stripes, &c „ 
 
 Lastin^s „ 
 
 long ells „ 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain ... „ 
 
 And other Aescriptions Total value ,,^ 
 
 Cfeium Piculs .„ 
 
 Ctoer lash Value . 
 
 a8ffi,'pilBBe goads ._ Piculs 
 
 Sugar, broun, white, and candy , ..: 
 
 Pepper, blaels and wMte , 
 
 Seaweed ... ,_ ... .„ „ 
 
 Cuttle feh J 
 
 Animndries, .. ... ...Talus. 
 
 379,366 
 160.999 
 62.191 
 
 Taels. 
 2,424,981 
 
 2,874,363 
 1,868,086 
 1,190,614 
 956.343 
 739,230 
 188,463 
 230,160 
 164,757' 
 370,323 
 
 1,999 
 
 'iioog 
 
 172,484 
 16,733 
 
 116.617 
 13,124 
 
 Taels. 
 1^66,486 
 
 1,788,880 
 
 1,078,358 
 
 3,926,668 
 
 698,736 
 
 920,3 5» 
 
 iig.oa 
 
 419,158 
 
 81,563 
 
 1,164,497; 
 
 34,869 ' 
 
 '31,143 
 
 12,563 
 
 1111,376 
 
 :30,166 
 
 3,485 
 
 i;384 
 
 137,994 
 
 ,36,899 
 
 64,465 
 
 '23,646 
 
 Total 
 
 11,007,309 
 
 I0.863,31& 
 
 KIUKLiNG. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton piece goods — 
 
 Shixtiugs, grey Pieces 
 
 „ wJute , 
 
 T-cloth „ 
 
 And o^'et descriptions Total'value ... 
 
 'Woollen goo(jB — 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit, broad, and mediuBi cloth, 
 and Spanish stripes „ 
 
 Smgelis '.'.'. '.'.'. '.'.'. 7'. ',', '.'.'. 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain ... „ 
 
 And other descriptions ..,. ... Totalivalue ... 
 
 Opium , ... Piculs 
 
 Copper cash ... "Value . 
 
 Sugar, brown, white, and candy ... Piculs 
 
 Seaweed „ „ ... „ 
 
 Silk piece goods , „ 
 
 Cuttlefish, dried ... .„ „. „ 
 ARd'smidries ». ... ..>^aluo . , 
 
 69.181 • 
 6.739 
 34,614 
 
 Taels. 
 400;il8 
 
 395,419 
 1,566,985 
 52,434 
 328,779 
 133,393 
 158,000 
 171,386 
 '278,494 
 
 3,301 
 
 4i',723 
 
 26,377 
 
 ■US 
 
 12,928 
 
 Taels. 
 368,544 
 
 S16-,883 
 1.111,840 
 510,335 
 241.680 
 100,232 
 ltS,433 
 176.S84 
 245,01? 
 
 4,231 
 
 •9,891 
 
 1,985 
 
 16,5'44 ' 
 
 7,916 
 
 2,490 
 
 eoieio 
 
 38,563 
 
 316 
 
 15,514 
 
 Total „ ... 
 
 S,484,9W 
 
 ; 3J:63,66Z 
 
 CHE-1'00. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1866. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton piece goods — 
 Grey shirtings ... ... ... Pieces 
 
 smute „ „ 
 
 T-cloths „ 
 
 And other description Total value ... 
 
 Woollen goods- 
 Camlets and imitBtious . „.. Xiecea .., 
 Habit, medium, and broad cloth, 
 
 and Spanish stripes „ 
 
 LastiiMTs andifmitation „ 
 
 LoBgellft- „ 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain ... „ 
 
 And other descriptions Total-value ... 
 
 Opium Piculs 
 
 Sugar.'brown, white, and. candy » „ 
 
 KeedlM ™ Mille 
 
 Seaweed ... Piculs 
 
 Sapanwood. „ 
 
 Paper. ... -. „ 
 
 Silk piece ^oods .. 
 
 And aundries "Value 
 
 164,610 
 19(863 
 30360 
 
 Taels. 
 901,966 
 
 169,865 
 
 1,621,391 ' 
 
 832.487 
 
 13.246. 
 108.557 
 
 39.1S9 
 180.89S; 
 347.137 
 645,640- 
 
 • liSBB 
 272.012 
 
 6i659 
 
 2;879 
 
 ■ 4l,6S4 
 
 167 
 
 Taels. 
 433,655 
 
 56,753 
 
 840,338 
 
 1,049,947 
 
 19.976- 
 4,605 
 300,130 
 126,630 
 208,960 
 
 1,002 
 
 3.537 
 
 619 
 
 777 
 
 13,290 
 
 2;683 
 183,7.33 
 34,31«; 
 41,434 
 21,765 
 27,496 
 317 
 
 Total 
 
 4,664,024 
 
 3,024,974 
 
106 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 TIEN-TSIN. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 18 
 
 36. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Cotton piece goods- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shirtings, grey 
 
 Pieces 
 
 518,335 
 
 
 
 
 Wte 
 
 „ 
 
 124,957 
 
 
 
 
 T-cloths 
 
 )i 
 
 88,744 
 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions . 
 
 Total value ... 
 
 
 3,813,418 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 
 WooUen goods- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camlets 
 
 Pieces 
 
 13,351 
 
 
 
 
 Habit, hroad, and medium clotli 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Spanish stripes 
 
 j> 
 
 6,753 
 
 
 
 
 Lastin^s 
 
 ., 
 
 13,109 
 
 
 
 
 Long (3ls 
 
 „ 
 
 680 
 
 
 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain 
 
 „ 
 
 37,643 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 And other descriptions 
 
 Total value ... 
 
 
 691,801 
 
 
 308,541 
 
 
 Opium 
 
 Piculs 
 
 6,557 
 
 3,359,796 
 
 3.839 
 
 1,571,335 
 
 Lead 
 
 it 
 
 13,191 
 
 86,784 
 
 6,801 
 
 37,713 
 
 Needles 
 
 Millions 
 
 333 
 
 113,029 
 
 141 
 
 56,366 
 
 Tobacco, prepared 
 
 Piculs . 
 
 5,663 
 
 141,313 
 
 3,774 
 
 94,353 
 
 Sugar, brown, white and candy .. 
 
 ,1 
 
 166,933 
 
 776,732 
 
 153,638 
 
 684,086 
 
 Seaweed 
 
 „ 
 
 28,137 
 
 92,650 
 
 10,464 
 
 33,546 
 
 Tea 
 
 3> 
 
 30,706 
 
 387,666 
 
 31,306 
 
 380,766 
 
 Brass buttons 
 
 „ 
 
 1,589 
 
 111,246 
 
 1,156 
 
 80,931 
 
 Paper 
 
 „ ■"• 
 
 35,836 
 
 316;134 
 
 30,473 
 
 151,300 
 
 Kanteens 
 
 11 
 
 3,015 
 
 180,906 
 
 1,868 
 
 92,933 
 
 And sundries 
 
 Value . 
 
 
 3,941,803 
 
 
 3,970,368 
 
 Total 
 
 11,911,166 
 
 7,779,197 
 
 NEWCHWANG. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Cotton piece goods — 
 
 Shirtmgs, grey Pieces 
 
 white „ 
 
 T-Cl0tll8 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 WooUen goods — 
 
 Camlets Pieces 
 
 Habit broad, and medium cloth, 
 and Spanish stripes „ 
 
 Lastings 
 
 Long ells 
 
 Lustres, figured and plain 
 
 And other descriptions Total value ... 
 
 Opium Piculs 
 
 Sugar, brown, white, and candy „ 
 
 Iron, nail, rod, and bar 
 
 Window glass Boxes ;.. 
 
 And sundries Value . 
 
 30,330 
 9,600 
 
 13,308 
 
 Taels. 
 156,507 
 
 58,980 
 897,882 
 244,483 
 
 46.262 
 ■ 9,018 
 273,044 
 
 "506 
 34,199 
 3,905 
 3,748 
 
 Taels. 
 97,303 
 
 17,717 
 293,166 
 129,034 
 8,135 
 10,595 
 153,909 
 
 708 
 645 
 
 3,414 
 
 1,518 
 45,493 
 14,807 
 
 3,607 ■ 
 
 Total 
 
 1,686,176 
 
 709,738 
 
 Ea;ports. 
 
 The total estimated value of native produce exported to foreign 
 countries and coast trade ports : — 
 
 Taels. 
 During the year 1864, inclusive of treasure, amounted to . . 121,537,327 
 
 In 1865, inclusive of treasure, amounted to .. .. .. 133,217,547 
 
 Divided as under — 
 
 To Great Britain, British Possessions, and Colonies .. 50,161,697 
 
 Japan 270,743 
 
 United States of America 5,864,823 
 
 Sundry countries 3,757,834 
 
 Chinese ports 44,110,354 
 
 Total (exchisive of treasure) .. .. .. 104,165,451 
 
 [ Vide the following Table. 
 
AXAI.TSIS. 
 
 107 
 
 in 
 
 «o 
 00 
 
 1 — I 
 
 -a 
 
 S3 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 •T3 
 
 O 
 X 
 
 W 
 
 O 
 
 B 
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 > 
 
 <1 
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 < 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 ..-"t; 
 
 O"!H<M«TfCT>^tD0SC0rH«0m 
 
 !>. 
 
 -|Ss . 
 
 OOi-HrpmWSNTTiOirtOQOCO 
 
 W 
 
 .TfH cot-Hj>.OTt<mj>.oJt>.a>i>.c/3 
 
 CO 
 
 ■73 o > a "^ 
 O M t" cis 00 
 
 -Ti o^i>rooO"^>-'5eocri-Hco»f5"oo 
 
 1^ 
 
 eo 
 
 HH.H j;--! 
 
 10 
 
 ■s.s^ 
 
 
 i-i 
 1— 1 
 
 ..«t-i 
 
 OD"ft<COTt*Tj»(NCO^>*00(MO-^ 
 
 t* 
 
 Total 
 Exports 
 lusive 
 reasure, 
 1865. 
 
 i^c^(Np— iirtcooaDtooiCOp— <>-H 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^ Win(^<ftp-HOCOr-H wcort»oeo 
 
 in 
 
 rr^ O — OtCtOinOOCOOtOtOWtC 
 
 !>• 
 
 
 ^ "l^"^*'^"l*^c^'-;co«50^t^ffO^ 
 
 W 
 
 ■s.!^ 
 
 i4"in-^ioeorHcourrtCNcoii:rN 
 
 CO 
 
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 CO 
 
 
 
 r-H 
 
 
 (M»raooQotOTrco©Tt<.-(co>^j< 
 
 to 
 
 s-i . 
 
 Oi— ico-^eoi— )otQcom»>.oa 
 
 Oi 
 
 ^tDtOOTfJ^rHICOTjH^(?i_QO(N =0 »f? 
 
 
 
 Treasu 
 
 Export 
 
 1865 
 
 ^ N (M !>. in «D (N O CM CO OJ.IM CO * 
 
 Cj" 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 '^pcicoeo CO CO iM r-7 i-T CO 
 
 oT 
 
 S 
 
 tooiifitocoooini— iot>.tocoTt< 
 
 ^ 
 
 ::3 
 
 *>.^oo«pco^ioeoco '^-o p-H r-t 
 
 m 
 
 •3 J9 . 
 
 • t-HCs^CO'* 0^<MiM N03.-iOC3SeO 
 
 "^ 
 
 LalVi 
 
 of 
 xporl 
 1865 
 
 r^ wop-r-^)I*cftooiraioco!Nor^''i>r 
 
 a'tO'^I^'ySiNCOQOQOQOI-s.irJNOtZi 
 
 uf 
 
 to 
 
 
 b H 
 
 tCeoofcJift tnc^to NiF-ToJ 
 
 -* 
 
 Eh 
 
 CO >~l ^ rH 
 
 
 
 D 
 
 open 
 Ports. 
 
 'rJ<(M-*N-«}<iOeOI>.i-H»s.rtiM(M 
 
 -# 
 
 iROQOCOCOCOOCOeO^-Tl^CJtD 
 
 in 
 
 . O iC '^f*^CO«£) TP^^ir3i-^rHOi<N (N 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 -r, WNr4"or-*CO'csrOCO(NeOQDr-r 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 ther 
 
 inese 
 
 SOiftini— ttOOOJCOOtftOiCJi-— 1 
 ^J>.^O0DC0C^0^'l0<:0C^050i--H^CR 
 
 
 i-f 
 
 
 t-^COoT i-i" '^OCO rMrHrH 
 
 M* 
 
 Ox 
 
 1— 1 
 
 •"^ 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
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 "'* 
 
 m" 
 
 (M <N O p-H O 00 00 
 
 CO 
 
 b-S 
 
 . N (N (rt -* --H US tN. 
 
 CD 
 
 t4 C 
 
 
 
 O T= i 
 
 f-T« O to '^ OS CO CO 
 
 iC 
 
 
 ^ o w oi tN. w ! ! ! ; II 
 
 ^ in <M CO »n 
 
 in 
 *>. 
 
 CO 
 
 V 
 
 i-^ irt -^j* t>. 
 
 CO 
 
 
 -rjf ■!}* »0 t* 
 
 (M 
 
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 CO 
 
 «g(Mt^:ix>os;:::iiii 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^■g^l 
 
 to 
 
 ^1050 C4<N 
 
 00 
 
 ■a -< 
 
 CO r-T 
 
 iO 
 
 • t= 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ■rff m r^ '^t* CO 
 
 CO 
 
 , m Oi !>. to &! QO QO 
 
 '* 
 
 ^ co_ <* ^'*, '*°°o° 
 
 (>- 
 
 
 SJ co" 10 • "(O'h' • • 'eo^oJ 
 
 
 
 !>. 
 
 o 
 
 C4 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 To 
 eat Britain 
 British 
 Dssessions, 
 
 and 
 Colonies. 
 
 to t>. to ^ t-. 00 t* tH Olt-HM 
 
 !>. 
 
 o>'«!i<Otoooinoo»to co^t^ 
 
 OS 
 
 .co^(NTi^!OinO"-<toi>. I'^QO.rL 
 
 to 
 
 •^ to -^ iff cf? to CO 00 rjT ' 0-*"co' 
 
 
 Soeoi>.tDioi>.inini>. "(Noi>n 
 
 to 
 
 r-* 
 
 eo cT (n" oJ 
 
 
 
 6- f^ 
 
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 lO 
 
 a 
 
 
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 09 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 bo 
 
 « 
 
 1 
 
 fl|o-1il|l|l'|| 
 
 
 [167] 
 
lOS- 
 
 OHTNA. 
 
 From tlie preceding; exports, the i-e-exports have to, be deducted — if not 
 deducted froti) the innports, — to arrive at the true vahie of the export trade^ 
 ■winch is particularly the cas« with Shanghaej being partly a depot for 
 Japan, Ningpo, Yangtze ports, and northern ports. 
 
 The following Tables are an extract of the principal exports of the ports 
 of Shanghne, Canton, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, Hankow, 
 Kiukiang, Chefoo^ Tien-tsin, and New.chwang, which will give an idea of 
 the principal export staple articles of the trade of each pott : — 
 
 SHANGHAB. 
 
 Bxports. 
 
 18 
 
 S5. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Tiiels. 
 
 Silk, raw 
 
 Piculs 
 
 3a,*90 
 
 13,036,477 
 
 81,171 
 
 8,723,879 
 
 Tea 
 
 
 471,S91 
 
 14,463,940 
 
 474,401 
 
 14,844,963 
 
 Cotton 
 
 
 , 269,316 
 
 3,903,63a 
 
 , 608,362 
 
 9,976,353 . 
 
 Kankeens 
 
 
 46,186 
 
 3,030,876 
 
 41,66* 
 
 2,286,067 
 
 KImliarb 
 
 ••« ■.. 11 <>• 
 
 4144 
 
 69,687 
 
 6,603 
 
 131.130 
 
 Nut galls 
 
 
 801 
 
 5,919 
 
 1,705 
 
 20,466 
 
 Musk 
 
 ••• ..• )j ••. 
 
 4-?0 
 
 35,364 
 
 1-51 
 
 4,072' 
 
 Straw hraid . 
 
 1 
 
 1,185> . 
 
 29,643 
 
 907 
 
 35,140 
 
 And sundries 
 
 Vatae 
 
 ... ... Taels 
 
 
 3,090,640 
 
 
 3,836,698 
 
 Total 
 
 37,262,176 
 
 39.847,768 
 
 CANTON. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Tea 
 
 Silk, raw and wild ... 
 Silk p'ece goods 
 
 Rhuoarl) 
 
 Sugar, brown and white 
 Brass ware ... .i. , 
 
 Cassia 
 
 Mattings , 
 
 Firecrackers 
 Lead, white 
 Vermilion 
 
 And sundries 
 Total 
 
 Rolls... 
 Piculs 
 
 Taels-. ' . 
 Value, taeK.. 
 
 109,742 
 13,797 
 
 4,061 
 
 319 
 
 90,390 
 
 6,995 
 2.3,512 
 59,730 
 20.304 
 
 6,096 
 
 Dollar's. 
 
 4,037.462 
 
 4,891,055 
 
 3,209,047 
 
 25,-566 
 
 637,669 
 
 478.586 
 
 398;771i 
 
 313,5ai 
 
 203.044 
 
 63,851 
 
 52,608 
 
 104,370 
 
 6,3-10 
 
 4,906 
 
 337 
 
 64,640 
 
 5,185 
 
 13,203 
 
 37,681 
 
 11,246 
 
 15,798 
 
 1,566 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3,347,490 
 
 1,536,888 
 
 3.834,861 
 
 25,341 
 
 383,435 
 
 358,709 
 
 217,850 
 
 169,564 
 
 106,837 
 
 126,384 
 
 100,363 
 
 14,311,245 
 
 10,207,713 
 
 10,733,434. 
 3,8e7,!lS5- 
 
 7,656,784 
 2,688.806 
 
 Taels 
 
 13,540.91ff: 
 
 10,244,590 
 
 SWATOW. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1865 
 
 Sugar, brown and white- 
 
 Clnnaware 
 
 Paper fans ,,. 
 Grass cloth ... 
 
 Paper 
 
 Shoes 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 ...Kciuls, 
 
 ... Pieces. 
 ... Piculs 
 
 ... Pairs ... 
 ... Piculs 
 
 Taels . 
 . Value, taels 
 
 ... Taels 
 
 539,437 
 13,905 
 478,614 
 1,767 
 14,931 
 48,245 
 7.920 
 
 DoUiirs. 
 
 3.340^366 
 69,625 
 89,733 
 98,836 
 49,064 
 48,245 
 337,600 
 
 3,933,347 
 
 2,753,342 
 308,543 
 
 2,961,886 
 
 681,940 
 
 6,783 
 
 169,815 
 
 1,171 
 
 31,i»5 
 
 87,1S6 
 
 7.291 
 
 DoUars- 
 4,145,885 
 33,915 
 31,965 
 65,665 
 79.634 
 37,196 
 301.982 
 
 4,596,143 
 
 3,447,107 
 353,005 
 
 3,700,112 
 
ANALYSIS. 
 
 IfiS* 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 Expoi|ts. 
 
 1 1865. 
 
 i864. 
 
 Tea ..:■ !. 
 
 whiter nnd candy 
 
 DoUips 
 
 Taela . 
 .^ ValuE,,taela . 
 
 .. Taels 
 
 ks,74« 
 61,317 
 36.404 
 fM.,808 
 
 Bollars; 
 866,671 
 427,933- 
 290,206 
 300,591 
 
 53,633 
 • 137,667 ■ 
 16,884 
 16,674 
 
 • Dollanr. 
 
 1,151,730 
 
 964,irT 
 
 178,787 
 
 15T,41» 
 
 
 1,785,300 
 
 2,4S6,K8 
 
 
 1,338,975 
 685,491 
 
 1,827,093 
 1,003,390. 
 
 Total 
 
 3,024,466 
 
 2,830,483 
 
 JOO-CHOW. 
 
 Expoita. 
 
 18 
 
 65., 
 
 1864. 
 
 Tea 
 
 Baper. 
 Iiujig«iigans . 
 
 Picnis 
 
 '.'.'. ™ Value . ;;; 
 
 Dollars 
 
 'Satis- . 
 Value, taels ... 
 
 Taeh . 
 
 1518,961 
 
 .■^6,684 
 
 7,331 
 
 i 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 19,717,882 
 
 746,636 
 
 146,642 
 
 . ' , 198,066 
 
 ■ 497,257 
 
 ■ 40,054 
 
 8,191 
 
 Dollars. 4 
 
 16,SS6,8M 
 
 6B8,28a 
 
 81,918- 
 
 
 20,809,226 
 
 17,171,571 
 
 And sundries 
 
 ■ 16s668i9ii9' 
 383,068 
 
 • 13,87Si«7»' 
 
 245,377 
 
 Total 
 
 15,989,988 
 
 . 13,134,056. 
 
 
 
 
 NINCfPO. 
 
 
 
 
 Exportr. 
 
 18 
 
 65. 
 
 1^64. 
 
 SHi, rair '.". 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Copper cash . 
 Cuttle fish ... 
 And sundries 
 
 :;; r 
 
 .„ piculs 
 
 •"■,,'*"' 
 ... Value . 
 ... Piculs 
 ... Value . 
 
 ... Taals 1 
 
 ;:: 
 
 70,663 
 . l',914 
 
 , stLmi 
 
 Taels. ■ 
 
 , 2,331.853 
 
 i' '623,050- 
 
 . £57,929 
 
 277,049 
 
 210,790 
 
 985,584 
 
 53,747 
 ■ - 938 ' 
 , 003^01. 
 
 27,'923 
 ... 
 
 1 Taels. 
 
 , 1,666,167 
 
 ' ' ' 248,824 
 
 , 2,064038. 
 
 888,850 
 
 167,536 
 
 1,314,901^ 
 
 Totiir 
 
 5,085,255 
 
 6,250,306 
 
 
 HANKlQW. 
 
 
 
 
 Exportsw 
 
 : 1« 
 
 65. 
 
 T864. 
 
 > ■ . ■- 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Taels. 
 503,953' 
 
 
 Taeltt,,. 
 
 Sfljc, raw J.. 
 
 ... Picula 
 
 , 1,802 
 
 453 
 
 180,336 
 
 Tea ... 
 
 „ 1 
 
 1367.366 
 
 i 4,080,484 
 
 392,835 
 
 . 7,219l,01iS 
 
 Cotton- ,. 
 
 
 i ^ 
 
 33 
 
 31,661 
 
 807,013 
 
 Hemp' :. 
 
 "WoodoU ; 
 
 ..„ „ ' 
 
 ' 38.463 
 
 1 362,211 
 
 33,026 
 
 1 297,955. 
 
 ••> J, 1 t.T 
 
 ,172,063 
 
 1,981,526 
 
 93,414 
 
 1,114,304 
 
 Vesper. 
 
 » 
 
 sStjoSi' 
 
 - 198,«5- 
 
 35,'Oer • 
 
 ■ 14e;4ia 
 
 Medicine 
 
 ... JJ ... 
 
 32,331 
 
 194,165 
 
 31,616 
 
 199,158 
 
 a?^Uow,,veE"etable.' 
 
 Wax, bees* 
 
 .» »f ...■ 
 
 , , 46,543, . 
 
 601i87i)- 
 
 r .,38,487 
 
 , 618,775 
 
 ,,, 
 
 3,310 
 
 318,12S 
 
 4;033 
 
 252,592 
 
 Timber ' ..^ 
 
 ... Value. . ... 
 
 .»'« 
 
 . ]»0,87S' 
 
 ' ...' ' ■ 
 
 ' : W6.a8l9i 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 JniT sundries , 
 
 ... Piculs 
 
 67,471 
 
 1,183,252 
 
 55,635 
 
 1.078,019 
 
 ... Value 
 ~, Taels . 
 
 
 T,207,844 
 
 ... 
 
 I.llB^W 
 
 Total ^.. «.. 
 
 13,685,231 
 
 13,453,435 
 
 I 2 
 
110 
 
 KIUKIANG. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1861. 
 
 Tea ?icnls 
 
 Paper „ 
 
 Ghinaware 
 
 Toliacco , 
 
 And sundries Value 
 
 204,413 
 42,884 
 82,281 
 19,266 
 
 Taels. 
 
 6,728,447 
 167,173 
 128,637' 
 86,538 
 173,135 
 
 136,933, 
 71,363 
 66,178 
 13,955 
 
 Taels. 
 
 3,219,105 
 257,011 
 231,195 
 110,979 
 219,335 
 
 Total Taels 
 
 6,273,930 
 
 4,070,918 
 
 CHE-FOO. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 18 
 
 65. 
 
 1861. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Piculs 
 
 19,141 
 
 315,829 
 
 61,804 
 
 927,077 
 
 ' Beans and peas 
 
 ,^ 
 
 470,471 
 
 705,704 
 
 651,097 
 
 791,314 
 
 Bean cakes 
 
 „ 
 
 756,055 
 
 755,991 
 
 615,397 
 
 492,236 
 
 Vermicelli 
 
 „ 
 
 31,377 
 
 156,880 
 
 34,313 • 
 
 109,111 
 
 Pea oU 
 
 
 
 25,379 
 
 126,897 
 
 17,380 
 
 69,236 
 
 ■Wleat 
 
 * 
 
 69,538 
 
 107,168 
 
 11,310 
 
 35,180 
 
 And sundries 
 
 Value 
 
 Taels 
 
 ... 
 
 360,537 
 
 ... 
 
 344,093 
 
 Total 
 
 3,539,006 
 
 2,758,517 
 
 TIEN-TSIN. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 18 
 
 85. 
 
 18 
 
 !4. 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Medicine 
 
 .Tobacco, prepared 
 
 And sundries 
 
 ... Piculs 
 
 ".'.'. V^ue . '.'.'. 
 ... Taels 
 
 63,768 
 29,263 
 6,377 
 
 Taels. 
 728,865 
 138,943 
 159,466 
 687,643 
 
 67,282 
 
 16,030 
 
 5,370 
 
 Taels. 
 
 911,950 
 
 80,207 
 
 131,370 
 
 571,359 
 
 Total 
 
 1,704,916' 
 
 1,730,786 
 
 KEWCHW.4.NG. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 18 
 
 35. 
 
 18 
 
 34. 
 
 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 
 Taels. 
 
 Rice 
 
 Piculs 
 
 37,728 
 
 75,466 
 
 5,790 
 
 14,475 
 
 Bean cakes . 
 
 Pieces 
 
 1,787,971 
 
 804,686 
 
 1,391,049 
 
 642,509 
 
 Beans and peas 
 
 Piculs 
 
 901,330 
 
 1,081,060 
 
 700,350 
 
 877,941 
 
 Bean oil 
 
 „ 
 
 11,0« 
 
 73,769 
 
 12,685 
 
 79,284 
 
 Barley 
 
 ... „ ... 
 
 3,418 
 
 10,251 
 
 20,424 
 
 26,531 
 
 Millet 
 
 „ 
 
 34,078 
 
 27,262 
 
 31,422 
 
 28,279 
 
 Cotton 
 
 
 309 
 
 1,333 
 
 4,573 
 
 73,171 
 
 And sundries 
 
 Value . 
 
 Taels 
 
 
 91,614 
 
 
 68,205 
 
 Total 
 
 2,167,311 
 
 1,710,398 
 
 Against the value of experts to foreign countries at Shanghae, 
 amounting to.37,262,176 taels, have to be set off the re-exports,, being — . 
 
 
 1865. ' ■ 
 
 1864. 
 
 For Great Britain, British Possessions, and Colonies . . 
 Japan . . , . . . . . , , . 
 United States of America . . 
 Sundry countries 
 
 Taels. 
 
 11,455,037 
 
 213,822 
 
 3,576,894 
 
 190,042 
 
 Taels. . 
 
 12,225,418 
 
 235,351 
 
 2,711,051 
 
 152,413 
 
 Total 
 
 15,435,795 
 
 15,324,303 
 
 The above consist mostly of tea, cotton, silk, rhubarb, &c., from the 
 Yang-tze ports and Ningpo. 
 
 Against the value of imports of foreign goods at Shanghae have to be 
 
AKALTSI3. 
 
 Ill 
 
 set off — to arrive at the true import trade, or capacity of consumption of 
 the place — the re-exports, amounting — 
 
 For Great Britain, British Possess: 
 Japan . . . . • . 
 
 United States of America 
 Sundry countries , . 
 Other Chinese ports . . 
 
 Total . . 
 
 ons, and Colonies 
 
 1865. 
 
 Taels. 
 
 522,590 
 
 1,915,398 
 
 110,159 
 
 613,665 
 
 24,991,620 
 
 28,153,432 
 
 1864. 
 
 Taeis. 
 
 406,531 
 
 2,810,950 
 
 192,457 
 
 191,73& 
 
 16,091,953 
 
 19,693,627 
 
 The above re-exports of foreign goods to United States of America, 
 Great Britain, and sundry countries, consist of Japan produce ; and the 
 :re-exports to Japan and other Chinese ports of foreign imports, are for 
 the most part of British origin and from sundry countries. 
 
 The value of both foreign and native re-exports at the open ports is — 
 
 Taels. 
 To Great Britain, British Possessions, and Colonies . . 12,288,580 
 
 Japan 2,142,976 
 
 United States of America 3,703,811 
 
 Sundry countries ■ • . • . • ■ • • • • 815,452 
 
 Chinese ports 32,192,680 
 
 Total .. 
 as given in the following Table. 
 
 51,143,499 
 
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114 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 To show the total amount of trade between China and Japan, it is 
 necessary to put down the re-exports, which are chiefly foreign imports 
 from Great Britain and other countries. 
 
 The amount of re-exports of the Chinese ports not being included in 
 the amount of the exports, and not having left the country, are put down 
 likewise to show the total amount of international trade. 
 
 The preceding four Tables will show the amount of — 
 
 British trade at Shanghae : — 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Imports of British origin . 
 
 Exports to Great Britain and Colonies . . 
 
 Taels. 
 34,866,169 
 23,206,396 
 
 Taels. 
 30,667,447 
 27,243,189 
 
 Total 
 
 58,072,565 
 
 57,910,636 
 
 British trade at all the open ports : — 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Imports of British origin . 
 
 Exports to Great Britain and Colonies . . 
 
 Taels. 
 57,735,771 
 50,161,69/ 
 
 Taels. 
 51,126,615 
 49,657,156 
 
 Total 
 
 107,897,468 
 
 100,783,771 
 
 The whole foreign trade in China : — 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Imports from foreign countries, exclusive of treasure . . 
 Exports to ditto ditto 
 
 Taels. 
 63,293,460 
 60,055,097 
 
 Taels. 
 56,973,733 
 56,627,745 
 
 Total 
 
 123,348,557 
 
 113,601,478 
 
 Estimated import and export of treasure at the open ports during 
 1865:— 
 
 Taels. 
 Treasure imported . . . . . . . . . . 26,847,621 
 
 Treasure exported 29,052,096 
 
 At Hong-Kong during 1865 (fi'om Sharp & Co.'s " Circular") : — 
 
 Treasure imported 
 Treasure exported 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Dollars. 
 9,240,000 
 1,3,540,000 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Dollars. 
 26,230,000 
 31,650,000 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dollars. 
 35,470,000 
 45,190,000 
 
ANALYSIS. 
 
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 Shipping. 
 
 The carrying' trade of the open ports during 1865 has occupied — 
 entering inwards and clearing outwards — 16,628 vessek, giving a tonnage 
 of 7,136,301. Tlie following Table shows the proportion of tonnage of 
 €ach poi't, compared with 1864 : — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
 iEntered'-Inwards. 
 
 Cleared Outwards. 
 
 Total Entered 
 
 Total Entered 
 
 Ports. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «-r "^ ' 
 
 
 
 
 tM.^ 
 
 
 — s 
 
 
 
 °s 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 Tons. 
 
 ". " 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 f^>- 
 
 
 Kl> 
 
 
 8> , 
 
 
 a> 
 
 
 SlIon^hae 
 
 3,031 
 
 869,033 
 
 3,081 
 
 909,970 
 
 4,102 
 
 I,779,6p3 
 
 6,352 
 
 .1,870,909 
 
 Canton 
 
 893 
 
 485,094 
 
 886 
 
 483,972 
 
 1,779 
 
 968,066 
 
 1,702 
 
 706,947 
 
 Amoy 
 
 803 
 
 370,319 
 
 780 
 
 269,983 
 
 1,683 
 
 546,803 
 
 1,316 
 
 419,829 
 
 Swatow 
 
 688 
 
 323,863 
 
 681 
 
 220,203 
 
 1,169 
 
 444,066 
 
 941 
 
 338,805 
 
 Uingpo 
 
 910 
 
 368,347 
 
 906 
 
 350,787 
 
 1,816 
 
 609,034 
 
 3,837 
 
 596,666 
 
 Hankow 
 
 270 
 
 311,648 
 
 895 
 
 217,834 
 
 665 
 
 429,'IB2 
 
 793 
 
 418,855 
 
 Kiukiang 
 
 481 
 
 330,226 
 
 480 
 
 330,225 
 
 961 
 
 660,460 
 
 962 
 
 666,995 
 
 Chinkuibg 
 
 003 
 
 .353,433 
 
 573 
 
 345,763 
 
 1,235 
 
 698,165 
 
 1,186 
 
 682,170 
 
 Too-cliow 
 
 464 
 
 '200,423 
 
 468 
 
 20.3,773 
 
 932 
 
 •104,190 
 
 937 
 
 380,370 
 
 Che-ioo 
 
 461 
 
 160,401 
 
 444 
 
 143,571 
 
 90S 
 
 293,972 
 
 900 
 
 279,449 
 
 Tien-tsm 
 
 309 
 
 60,049 
 
 209 
 
 60,049 
 
 41E 
 
 120,098 
 
 370 
 
 91,936 
 
 Newchwang 
 
 374 
 
 91,118 
 
 374 
 
 91,118 
 
 648 
 
 182,336 
 
 604 
 
 149,804 
 
 i'ormosa, inclusive.of Taiwan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Takao 
 
 356 
 
 50,179 
 
 267 
 
 49,913 
 
 513 
 
 100,132 
 
 176 
 
 33,760 
 
 Total 
 
 8,294 
 
 .3,560,121 
 
 8,334 
 
 3,570,180 
 
 10,028 
 
 7<136,301 
 
 17,976 
 
 6,635,505 
 
 K.B, — The large number.of American vessels and tonnoM (iienrly tis much as the Englisli) arises from 
 the nutbber of American steamers, plying almost daily, clireny between Shanglme and Wingpo, Hong Kong 
 antl CaiLlon, and on the Yimg-tze river. The tonrmge of these vessels is of course registered every trip 
 th^y make, at each port they call. 
 
 The shipping of the open ports dtii-ing the yeav 1865, as compared 
 with 1864, as given in the precedhig Table, was divided between the 
 different nationalities, a^ the following Table shows :■ — ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866. 
 
 1864. 
 
 
 Entered Inwards. 
 
 Cleai-ed Outwards. 
 
 Total Entered ■ 
 
 Total Uutered 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 Cleared. 
 
 Flags. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■B-S 
 
 
 ■s-S 
 
 
 "3" 
 
 
 o'S 
 
 
 
 d S 
 
 Tons. 
 
 nl 
 
 Tons. . 
 
 dS 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 Tons. 
 
 
 <5!» 
 
 
 fe> 
 
 
 »> 
 
 
 -A> 
 
 
 Bi-itish 
 
 3.807 
 
 1,726,112 
 
 3,931 
 
 1,742,866 
 
 7,798 
 
 3,467,980 
 
 7,925 
 
 2,863,234 
 
 AmeriGan.! 
 
 2,359 
 
 1,318,597 
 
 2,362 
 
 1,327..309 
 
 4,721 
 
 2,646,906 
 
 6,036 
 
 2,609,890 
 
 Hamburgh 
 
 '519 
 
 158,316 
 
 801 
 
 151,786- 
 
 i;020 
 
 'S08,,102- 
 
 1,*09 
 
 880,135 
 
 Dutch : 
 
 86 
 
 27,247 
 
 90 
 
 28,843 
 
 176 
 
 56,090 
 
 197 
 
 .59,471 
 
 Danish 
 
 336 
 
 70,327 
 
 335 
 
 70,730 
 
 •670 
 
 141,047 
 
 767 
 
 164,803 
 
 Pa-ussian 
 
 104 
 
 33,737 
 
 101 
 
 22,641 
 
 306 
 
 45.278 
 
 187 
 
 46,143 
 
 !Erench 
 
 152 
 
 47,761 
 
 143 
 
 46,936 
 
 293 
 
 94.687 
 
 247 
 
 93,099 
 
 Bremen 
 
 218 
 
 63,019 
 
 310 
 
 59,880 
 
 428 
 
 123.869 . 
 
 292 
 
 83,324 
 
 Russian 
 
 16 
 
 6,001 
 
 13 
 
 6,451 , 
 
 29 
 
 11,453 
 
 21 
 
 9,198 
 
 Norway and Sweden 
 
 68 
 
 13,104 
 
 60 
 
 13,773 
 
 118 
 
 36,877 
 
 140 
 
 88,195 
 
 Hanover 
 
 65 
 
 10,538 
 
 69 
 
 11,356 
 
 134 
 
 31,894 
 
 157 
 
 30.026 
 
 EiibeGk . 
 
 7 
 
 1,867 
 
 7 
 
 1,867 
 
 14 
 
 3,734 
 
 24 
 
 7,452 
 
 Mecklenburg 
 
 10 
 
 1.856 
 
 10 
 
 1,848 
 
 20 
 
 3,704 
 
 53 
 
 10,518 
 
 Oldenburg 
 
 26 
 
 6,993 
 
 25 
 
 .6,619 
 
 51 
 
 11,611 
 
 79 
 
 22,972 
 
 Belgian 
 
 4, 
 
 1,131 
 
 4 
 
 -1,131 
 
 8 
 
 2,263 
 
 2j 
 
 6,620 
 
 Spanish 
 
 43 
 
 10,789 
 
 42 
 
 10,832 
 
 85 
 
 21.631 
 
 09 
 
 20,359 
 
 Austrian. 
 
 8 
 
 3,225 
 
 11 
 
 3,456 
 
 IS 
 
 5i681 
 
 33 
 
 12,926 
 
 Siamese 
 
 W 
 
 35,263 
 
 67 
 
 28,914 
 
 146 
 
 64,177 
 
 156 
 
 68,395 
 
 Italian 
 
 •I 
 
 4,434 
 
 8 
 
 4,783- 
 
 16 
 
 9,217 
 
 S 
 
 839 
 
 Portuguese 
 
 12 
 
 2,498 
 
 13 
 
 1.744 
 
 24 
 
 4,243 
 
 24 
 
 1,932 
 
 Beruvian 
 
 1 
 
 834 
 
 1 
 
 834 
 
 
 
 1)668 
 
 g 
 
 6,986 
 
 l?ew Granadian 
 
 • •• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 466 
 
 Japanese 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 756 
 
 Haiwaiian 
 
 12 
 
 2,405 
 
 11 
 
 3,355 
 
 23 
 
 4;060 
 
 2 
 
 912 
 
 Chinese 
 
 279 
 
 19,019 
 
 295 
 
 20,629 , 
 
 674 
 
 39,548 
 
 1,021 
 
 64,588 
 
 Sundry, not classified . 
 
 28 
 
 11,059 
 
 26 
 
 10,936 
 
 54 
 
 21,994 
 
 102 
 
 34,867 
 
 Tnfal 
 
 R294 
 
 3 560.121 
 
 .■isai 
 
 3.570 180 
 
 1 6 B?R 
 
 7.1.36.301 
 
 ITW 
 
 6.635.616 
 
JuSXTMSlB. 
 
 ia7 
 
 Raw Silk. 
 
 The total amount of raw silk exported from China in 
 
 lrf64 am'otsnted to 
 
 And in 1865 to .. 
 
 Sdles. 
 
 . 40,726 : 
 10,800 
 
 Kculs. 
 
 25,134 
 41,154 
 
 Showing an itocrease of .. 
 
 16,020 
 
 Shanghae furnished . . . . 
 
 (Which includes- 1,555 picula Szechuen silk, and 
 li,914 piculs Ningposillc.) 
 Canton fiimished . . 
 
 32,492 
 8,662 
 
 * . 
 
 51.526 
 
 41,154 
 
 They were exported to the different countries in the following- pro- 
 portion : — 
 
 To Great Britain . . 
 ■France . . . 
 
 Hong Kong* . . 
 Coast ports of China . . 
 United States of America 
 Japan , , - 
 Manila . 
 ludia . . 
 
 Besides, passed at Shanghae.as declared in transit, Japan 
 silk 
 
 Total 
 
 Bales. 
 
 51,526 
 12,055 
 
 63,581 
 
 The export of silk during the past six years at Shanghae, to Great 
 Britain and the Continent, has been as follows : — 
 
 Season. 
 
 'To 
 Great Britain. 
 
 To 
 
 Continent. 
 
 Total. 
 
 June 1, 1960 to May 31, 1861 . . ' 
 June 1, 1861 to May 31, 1862 .. 
 June 1,1862 to May 31, 1863 .., 
 June 1, 1863 to Mav 31, 1864 . . 
 
 Sales. 
 72,480 
 66,315 
 5t4,i63 
 33,323 
 
 Bales. 
 7,856 
 6,177 
 ,9,970 
 3,936 
 
 Bales. 
 80,336 
 7%i92 
 64,133 
 37.259 
 
 And to the different countriesthe export from Shanghae for the season, 
 from June 1, 1865, to May 31, 1866, as compared with the previous 
 season, hits been as follows : — 
 
 
 1864^65. 
 
 1866-66. 
 
 
 Itaw Silk. 
 
 Coarse. 
 
 Kefuse. 
 
 Japan 
 Siflct 
 
 Raw Sill;. 
 
 Coarse. 
 
 Refuse. 
 
 Japan 
 Silk.t 
 
 
 
 Picula. 
 
 Picnls. 
 
 JJiculs. 
 
 Piouls. 
 
 Bales. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs.' 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Bales. 
 
 Great Britahi 
 
 11,215 
 
 9,017 23 
 
 46 02 
 
 1,267 70 
 
 J. 10,956 
 
 34.839 
 
 27,804 69 
 
 23 92 
 
 3,399 46 
 
 } 8,887 
 
 Continent ... 
 
 .3,163 
 
 3,640 43 
 
 15 85 
 
 79 65 
 
 6,953 
 
 6,657 68 
 
 44 13 
 
 35 65 
 
 Hong Kong . 
 
 10,464 
 
 8,324 S3 
 
 11 48 
 
 1 32 
 
 
 44 
 
 35 92 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 Coast Ports . 
 
 43 
 
 36 63 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 40 97 
 
 
 
 
 America ... 
 
 111 
 
 90 90 
 
 
 61 82 
 
 SO 
 
 87 
 
 69 iS 
 
 
 126 67 
 
 
 Manila 
 
 69 
 
 48 2Q 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 66 80 
 
 
 
 
 India 
 
 12C 
 
 110 65 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 88 68 
 
 
 
 
 Japan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 U 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 35,165 
 
 30.168 14 
 
 73 35 
 
 1,430 29 
 
 10,986t 
 
 43,157 
 
 33,678 7 
 
 68 S4 
 
 2,651 68 
 
 8,387t 
 
 * This is all Canton silk, ehitefly en route to Eurojje ahfl-India.^ 
 t The Japan transhipments are incorrect, as the applications do not always contain 
 the particulars. 
 
118 , CHINA. 
 
 Tea. 
 
 In 1864 the total amount of tea exported from Chinese ports was — 
 
 Piculs. Piculs. 
 
 Black tea 990,221 
 
 Green tea 177,643 
 
 1,167,864 
 
 In 1865— 
 
 Black tea 984,662 
 
 Green tea 228,679 
 
 1,213,341 
 
 Increase .. ,. ,, .. ,. 45,477 
 
 The difi'erent ports supplied comparatively in 1864 and 1865 as 
 follows : — 
 
 Shanghae . . 
 Foo-chow 
 Amoy '. 
 Hankow, direct 
 Kiukiang, direct 
 Ningpo 
 Canton 
 
 Total 
 
 Black Tea. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 335,261 
 
 489,728 
 
 35,893* 
 
 46,298 
 
 878 
 
 82,163 
 
 990.221 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 262,147 
 
 518,029 
 
 34,221t 
 
 77,098 
 
 3,073 
 
 90,094 
 
 984,fi62 
 
 Green Tea. 
 
 1864. 
 
 Piculs. 
 145,955 
 7,534 
 
 1,540 
 
 64 
 
 22,550 
 
 177,643 
 
 1865. 
 
 Piculs. 
 209,418 
 932 
 
 2 
 
 18,327 
 
 228,679 
 
 The teas were exported in the following proportion to the different 
 countries during the past two years from all the open ports : — 
 
 
 
 Black Tea. 
 
 Green Tea. 
 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Great Britain . 
 
 781,033 
 
 752,168 
 
 87,295 
 
 89,3]8- 
 
 United States of America . . 
 
 74,729 
 
 65,768 
 
 63,320 
 
 110,799 
 
 Hong Kong and Coast PortsJ 
 
 44,902 
 
 59,487 
 
 8,813 
 
 12,383 , 
 
 Australia 
 
 65,483 
 
 72,846 
 
 745 
 
 39 
 
 Channel, for orders 
 
 
 12,005 
 
 20,108 
 
 138 
 
 , , 
 
 Continent 
 
 
 3,130 
 
 113 
 
 1,795 
 
 329 
 
 Montreal 
 
 
 1,922 
 
 932 
 
 14,961 
 
 15,026 
 
 Java . . 
 
 
 , . 
 
 4,498 
 
 , , 
 
 ,, 
 
 India . . 
 
 
 , , 
 
 3,713 
 
 
 .. 
 
 Sundry ports . 
 
 
 7,017 
 
 5,029 
 
 576 
 
 785 
 
 Total 
 
 
 990,221 
 
 984,662 
 
 177,643 
 
 228,679 
 
 • Not including 9,500 piculs shipped to Foo-chow for reshipment. 
 
 t Not including 17,000 piculs shipped to Foo-chow for reshipment. 
 
 J This includes Hankow, Kiukiang, and Ningpo teas, reshipped from Shanghae. 
 
AirA.I.T£IS. 
 
 119 
 
 The export of tea from Shanghae for the season June 1, 1865, to 
 May 3i, 1866, compared with the same period of the previous season was 
 as follows : — 
 
 Exported to 
 
 1864-65. 
 
 From June 1, 1864, to May 31, 
 1865. 
 
 1865-66. 
 
 From June 1, 1865, to May 31, 
 1866. 
 
 
 Black. 
 
 Green. 
 
 Black. 
 
 Green. 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Hong Koug and Coast Ports , 
 
 United States of America 
 
 Montreal* 
 
 Australia 
 
 Continent 
 
 'Japan 
 
 Amoor 
 
 Singapore 
 
 Piculs. 
 391,360 19 
 4,757 77 
 
 335 15 
 335 60 
 173 6 
 
 Piculs. 
 86,233 73 
 4,401 85 
 44,343 44 
 15,026 47 
 
 '233 16 
 
 Piculs. 
 236,351 66 
 20,867 57 
 2,458 60 
 
 'i67 10 
 356 74 
 45 
 
 Piculs. 
 78,877 93 
 3,688 87 
 96,689 34 
 
 Total 
 
 396,930 83 
 
 160,341 65 
 
 260,146 66 
 
 179,156 14 
 
 Opium. 
 
 The import of foreign opium for local consumption in all the open 
 ports amounted, in 1864, to 52,083 piculs ; in 1865 to 56,133 piculs. 
 The imports at the different ports were as per following Table : — 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sorts, 
 Turkey 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Import, 
 
 Import, 
 
 Imported into 
 
 Malwa. 
 
 Patna. 
 
 Benares. 
 
 Import, 
 
 including 
 
 including 
 
 
 
 
 
 Persian. 
 
 1865. 
 
 all sorts. 
 1864. 
 
 all sorts, 
 1863. 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs' 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Shangliae — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Imported and stored on board 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 receiving vessels 
 
 30,769 
 
 12,105 
 
 3,632 
 
 546 
 
 36,043 
 
 30,521 
 
 38,233 
 
 He-exported from receiving ves- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sels to other Chinese ports ... 
 
 19,316 
 
 3,113 
 
 998 
 
 579 
 
 23,906 
 
 13,314 
 
 10,606 
 
 Landed for local consumption ... 
 
 3,446 
 
 9,386 
 
 1,687 
 
 84 
 
 14,603 
 
 19,709 
 
 31,789 
 
 Canton- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Landed for local consumption ... 
 
 1,336 
 
 1,041 
 
 
 
 2,377 
 
 2,490 
 
 3,469 
 
 Swatow. Ditto 
 
 984 
 
 3.335 
 
 902 
 
 
 4,121 
 
 4,713 
 
 3,743 
 
 Amoy. Ditto 
 
 18 
 
 642 
 
 8,105 
 
 170 
 
 3,835 
 
 4,037 
 
 3,193 
 
 Foo-chow. Ditto 
 
 1,816 
 
 3,383 
 
 1,113 
 
 308 
 
 6.518 
 
 6,346 
 
 6,638 
 
 Formosa. Ditto 
 
 3 
 
 142 
 
 3,113 
 
 33 
 
 2,288 
 
 997 
 
 
 Ningpo. Ditto 
 
 3,293 
 
 500 
 
 306 
 
 104 
 
 3,193 
 
 3,305 
 
 2,679 
 
 Hankow. Ditto 
 
 3,824 
 
 339 
 
 41 
 
 148 
 
 3,353 
 
 1,999 
 
 1,412 
 
 Kiiikiang. Ditto 
 
 2,204 
 
 32 
 
 
 6 
 
 3,241 
 
 2,203 
 
 1,993 
 
 Chinkiang. Ditto 
 
 4,513 
 
 331 
 
 40 
 
 3 
 
 4,886 
 
 1,693 
 
 600 
 
 Clie-foo. Ditto 
 
 2,429 
 
 169 
 
 
 46 
 
 2,644 
 
 1,314 
 
 873 
 
 Tien-tsin. Ditto 
 
 4,257 
 
 686 
 
 396 
 
 223 
 
 5,561 
 
 3,876 
 
 3,708 
 
 Ifewohwang. Ditto 
 
 1,368 
 
 138 
 
 
 9 
 
 1,515 
 
 601 
 
 
 Total 
 
 37,488 
 
 17,823 
 
 9,601 
 
 1,331 
 
 66,133 
 
 52.083 
 
 60,087 
 
 Or, showing the sorts imported as follows, for local consumption : — 
 
 
 In 1863. 
 
 In 1864. 
 
 In 1865. 
 
 Malwa 
 
 Patna 
 
 Benares 
 
 Sorts 
 
 Piculs. 
 34.967 
 
 12,757 
 3,363 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 29,998 
 
 16,413 
 
 6,063 
 
 610 
 
 Piculs. 
 27,488 
 17,823 
 9,601 
 1,231 
 
 Total 
 
 50.087 
 
 53,083 
 
 56,133 
 
 * The export of tea to Montreal from Janiui? to June 1861 was 1,9312 piculs 6 catties, black; and 
 15,514 piculs 42 catties green. 
 
laor 
 
 .<tsiXl^ 
 
 The total impibrfc of foueilgn- opiumr in Hong Kong, as computed by the 
 " China Overland Trade, Report," amounts to 76^23 chests, as per 
 following Table, with the clearances for export and consumption, and the 
 corresponding closing rates of each English mail, between Hong Kong 
 and Shangiiaeu 
 
 Comparative Table of Imports-and Clearances for Export and Con- 
 siuiiption of Opium at Hpng Kong, with. Comparative Closing Rates of 
 each Mail at H-ong Kong atid Shang'haei 
 
 English 
 
 ' Imports. 
 
 Price 
 at Kong Kong. . 
 
 Price 
 at Shajnghac. 
 
 Clearajioes for Export 
 
 atid 
 
 Consumption; 
 
 in 1855. 
 
 Malwa. ' 
 
 I^tna. 
 
 Benares. 
 
 Malwa. 
 
 Patna. 
 
 Malwa. ; 
 
 Patna. 
 
 Malwa. 
 
 Patna. 
 
 Benawa. 
 
 
 Chests. 
 
 Chests. 
 
 Chests. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Taela. 1 
 
 Taels., 
 
 Chests. 
 
 Chests.. 
 
 Cheats-. 
 
 l^tmail . 
 
 830 
 
 3,315 
 
 ... 
 
 585 
 
 442 
 
 435 
 
 320 
 
 820 
 
 700 
 
 600 
 
 Zhd „ . 
 
 1,66a 
 
 1,100 
 
 
 636 
 
 450 
 
 465 ! 
 
 333 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ... 
 
 3rd- „ . 
 
 l,38t 
 
 8;20« 
 
 zVoGB 
 
 «40' 
 
 412 
 
 4.70. ' 
 
 325 
 
 iizoo 
 
 1,150 
 
 800 
 
 4th „ . 
 
 
 1,276 
 
 
 630 
 
 410 
 
 480 
 
 330 
 
 1,300 
 
 1,160 
 
 900 
 
 5th „ . 
 
 1,438 
 
 1,120 
 
 1.300 
 
 630 
 
 417 
 
 465 
 
 335 
 
 1,200 
 
 1,350 
 
 825 
 
 6th „ . 
 
 1,100 
 
 1,020 
 
 760 
 
 637 
 
 . 417 
 
 470 
 
 335 
 
 1,400 
 
 1,360 
 
 925 
 
 7th „ . 
 
 766 
 
 1,077 
 
 1,188 
 
 660 
 
 425 
 
 495 
 
 330 
 
 900 
 
 1,000 
 
 900 
 
 ■■8th „ . 
 
 li067 
 
 380 
 
 .- SSS 
 
 665 
 
 450 
 
 515 
 
 336 
 
 1,000 
 
 , 1,100 
 
 1.000 
 
 9th „ . 
 
 425 
 
 700 
 
 900 
 
 695 
 
 460 
 
 5«5 
 
 33S 
 
 708 
 
 ' 700> 
 
 800 
 
 10th „ . 
 
 1,360 
 
 900 
 
 li025 
 
 675 
 
 456 
 
 505 
 
 630 
 
 1,100 
 
 1,00c 1 
 
 i.3&a. 
 
 nth „ . 
 
 925 
 
 . 3,500; 
 
 1,700 
 
 ,650. 
 
 „ *17 
 
 480 
 
 < ,?35,, 
 
 900 
 9o&' 
 
 750 
 
 , 650' 
 
 lath „ . 
 
 9ffO 
 
 9re' 
 
 37S' 
 
 660 
 
 436 
 
 '485 
 
 •32^ 
 
 i;3Do- 
 
 ! 1.100 
 
 13th „ . 
 
 703. 
 
 2,835 
 
 1,SOO 
 
 680 
 
 , 430 
 
 516 
 
 345 
 
 860 
 
 1,300 
 
 900- 
 
 IMl. „ . 
 
 835 
 
 250 
 
 120 
 
 730 
 
 .. 437 
 
 505 
 
 325 
 
 875 
 
 2,300 
 
 1,«50 
 
 16lh, „ . 
 
 690 
 
 3,7/10, 
 
 . Iy900 
 
 730 
 
 . 465 
 
 . 640 
 
 , 335 
 
 650 
 
 1,000 
 
 800- 
 
 16th. „ . 
 
 824 
 
 
 
 820 
 
 555 
 
 605 
 
 380 
 
 900 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,050 
 
 Uth „ . 
 
 220 
 
 1,0150 
 
 "900 
 
 860 
 
 660 
 
 615 
 
 415 
 
 BSO 
 
 BOO 
 
 500 
 
 Mtli „ . 
 
 1,040 
 
 
 
 • 865 
 
 640 
 
 666 
 
 ■ 516 
 
 000 
 
 480 
 
 600 
 
 aath „ . 
 
 1,943 
 
 37313 
 
 1.360 
 
 820 
 
 640 
 
 625 
 
 460 
 
 1,000 
 
 900 
 
 500 
 
 2Qth „ . 
 
 1.600 
 
 300 
 
 160 
 
 810 
 
 570 
 
 725 
 
 485 
 
 3;000 
 
 1,100 
 
 850 
 
 2l3t „ . 
 
 
 3,200 
 
 3,450 
 
 ■ 800 
 
 52S 
 
 eso 
 
 420 
 
 550 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,000- 
 
 23na „ 
 
 l',619 
 
 285 
 
 140 
 
 825 
 
 1 540 
 
 680 
 
 405 
 
 1,520 
 
 1,160 
 
 1,050 
 
 aSrd „ . 
 
 3,300 
 
 1,800 
 
 
 895 
 
 ' 642 
 
 ■ 705 
 
 460 
 
 ' 1,650 
 
 2,650 
 
 
 atth „ 
 
 2,800 
 
 600 
 
 "^40 
 
 880 
 
 670 
 
 665 
 
 450 
 
 3,400 
 
 1,150 
 
 ^ "660 
 
 Total . 
 
 36,301 
 
 31,489 
 
 18,733 
 
 
 
 ... . 
 
 
 2S;0Q5 
 
 ■ 26.680 
 
 19,000 
 
 The preceding opium tables show the import of opium — 
 
 In Hcmg'Kong amounts tc . 
 Andlthe-import at, all the open ports to 
 
 Cliests. 
 76;533 
 56,133, 
 
 Diiffference 20,390 
 
 which amount would have to- be takien' for the annual consumptioa of Hoqg 
 Kamg and Macao (?) | 
 
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122 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of Shanghae for the Year 1865. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 
 Shanghae, February 1, 1866. 
 
 On the meiriory of the merchants of Shanghae, the year 1865 will 
 remain pre-eminently impressed as one of great contrasts — a year of heavy 
 losses, and of fair profits. The painful emotions, the cruel anxieties of the 
 first six months, are still present to the minds of all. Mail succeeded 
 mail bringing the same sad tale of the unfortunate result of 1864 specula- 
 tions : of tea losing 60 per cent. ; of cotton without purchasers ; the arrival 
 of each steamer announced the failure of some old established and res- 
 pected firm which had succumbed, involving in its ruin minor houses whose 
 interests were identical and connected with it. On the other hand, local 
 speculations, based on a state of things irrevocably gone by, turned against 
 their authors ; the rebels were destroyed, and consequently the thousands 
 of refugees, who had flocked for shelter to the settlements, had returned 
 to their homes, leaving the long rows of houses, which had been built 
 expressly for them, entirely abandoned, and reducing land, purchased at 
 exaggerated rates, to a merely nominal value. 
 
 The export season opened under unfavourable auspices ; both tea and 
 silk were paid for at too high a price ; many a merchant, who found himself 
 obliged to purchase, did so, certainly fearing a repetition of his former 
 losses. We shall see, however, that these fears were not destined to be 
 realized. The latter part of 1865, by a happy combination of circum- 
 stances, has repaired, if not entirely, at least in a great measure, the 
 disasters of the first part ; and admitting that the storm has been terrible, 
 and that its course is still marked by grievous ruins, its effects are already 
 mitigated for those who could sustain its fury, and who, discouraged for a 
 time, are now enabled to pursue their labours with renewed energy and 
 confidence. 
 
 As we have to describe the different phases of the trade of Shanghae 
 during the year just past, we cannot but congratulate ourselves that the 
 task is more agreeable than during some part of that period we had reason 
 to expect, and that, as a conclusion, we shall be able to present satisfactory 
 results and encouraging prospects. 
 
 I. — Foreign Trade* 
 
 Table No. 4 of the first division of the returns shows that the net 
 total of the foreign import and export trade is 64,745,945 taels, against 
 60,622,571 taels in 1864; thus giving a balance of 4,123,374 taels in 
 favour of 1865. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 The importation of foreign goods, which in 1864 amounted to 
 30,000,000 taels, in 1865 reached 35,000,000 taels. This increase is 
 
 N.B. — For the guidanne of persons not conversant with Chinese matters, we may 
 here remark that the tael is worth on an average 6s. id.; and that the picul, divided 
 int-) 100 catties, is equivalent to 133i Ihs. 
 
APPENDIX. 123 
 
 principally represented by cotton and woollen goods, and opium. The 
 importation of cottons and woollens has never hitherto been so pros- 
 perous. 
 
 Grey Shirtings. — Grey shirtings in 1864 attained only to 549,041 
 pieces, whilst last year, they figure on the returns for 1,291,865. The 
 heavy exports of cotton during the preceding year having rendered the raw 
 article very dear, and proportionately diminished the manufacture of native 
 cloth, foreign cotton piece goods were naturally in great demand and com- 
 manded high prices. In March, when the waters of the Peiho were open 
 to navigation, and it thus became possible to arrive at the Tien-tsin market, 
 the price rose to 4 taels, 3 mace 5 oandarines per piece of 6f- catties ; the 
 average price has however been 3 taels 7 mace 5 candarines. 
 
 The merchants of China were astounded to find amongst the cotton 
 goods arriving from Europe, a large proportion of pieces damaged by 
 " mildew." During the commencement of 1865, 15 per cent, of the grey 
 shirtings which were brought to this port, were received in this condition 
 — a fact which we are able to state from our knowledge of the numerous 
 claims for a reduction of duty which were made to the Customs. Nothing 
 on the outside of the bales indicated any damage ; but on opening them, 
 several pieces were perceptibly mildewed, mixed up with others of requisite 
 quality. Of the former, some would be perhaps simply covered with spots 
 of mildew ; others again in a complete state of rottenness. Endeavours to 
 explain the cause of this resulted in the discovery, that manufacturers in 
 England, being obliged to make use of an inferior quality of cotton, not 
 so pure in colour as the American article formerly used, in lieu of starch to 
 stiffen their goods, employed " silicate of soda," which gives them a whiter 
 appearance, but which attacks the thread in a greater or lesser degree, and 
 rots it gradually as soon as the goods are packed. 
 
 Whether in this there is an intentional fraud or simply an error, be the 
 case as it may, the damage done to the trade of China is none the less 
 serious, both materially and morally. Chinese dealers were in the habit 
 of buying cotton piece goods by muster; now they open the bales and care- 
 fully inspect the contents, thus showing that their confidence has sunk 
 from its former level. 
 
 Nnraerous claims were naturally made upon the manufacturers, but 
 without success, and were declared inadmissabie by the Courts of Justice — 
 a decision which rendered merchants in England excessively careful in their 
 examination of cottons, before taking delivery ; thus causing a diminution 
 in the proportion of mildewed goods towards the end of the year, though 
 it still averaged 10 per cent. Now, however, that the manufacturers have 
 every facility for procuring a better quality of cotton, it is to be hoped 
 that these complaints will soon disappear ; the sooner the better, for, apart 
 from the losses which have been already sustained at Shanghae, an atmos- 
 phere of distrust, more or less marked, remains hanging round grey shirt- 
 ings, and as their sale is progressing so favourably, it would be much to be 
 regretted should it be checked by proceedings, which, whether culpable or 
 not, are certainly treated by the Chinese as proofs of bad faith. These 
 mildewed goods have, for the most part, been thrown upon the market of 
 Shanghae itself, where second hand dealers have purchased them at 
 reduced prices. 
 
 White Shirtings. — The importation of white shirtings has remained 
 stationary, viz., 212,097 pieces in 1865, and 212 236 in 1864. In April 
 and May the prices were good, and indicated activity ; but this demand was 
 •not of long duration. It should be remarked, that this year a consider- 
 able quantity of both white and grey shirtings have been sent by way of 
 Suez. 
 
 [167] K 
 
124 CHIKA. 
 
 With regard to other cotton goods a falling off in the quantity imported 
 is to be rioted ; the Chinese, not being in such absolute want of those 
 kinds, limited their purchases in proportion to their increase in cost price. 
 As regards T-clolhs, the difference between the two years is not great, i.e., 
 156,765 pieces against 171,340; these goods being looked upon with a 
 very favourable eye, in consequence of their close resemblance to the native 
 stuffs of the same kind, a still larger circulation most probably awaits them 
 in future. In chintzes and furnitures, the difference is very marked — 
 €6,736 pieces, against 123,119; still more so in handkerchiefs — 21,997 
 dozens, against 98,166 dozens. 
 
 The importation of American drills, jeans, and sheetings, has become 
 almost nil, and the damage done to this class of goods by the war, may be 
 iseen by the following Table : — 
 
 Pieces. 
 1863 .. .. .. .. .. .. 403,638 
 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 
 99,744 
 
 21,290 
 
 12,78? 
 
 2,738 
 
 However, this depression as regards the trade in some special articles, 
 has but a very slight effect upon the total trade in cotton goods ; on the 
 contrary, 1865, as we have already shown, is remarkable for the large 
 increase of its importations, and for the profits they have realised ; and now 
 that they can be sold cheaper than during preceding years, English cotton 
 goods can easily contend against native manufactures ; more particularly as 
 the preference shown by the Chinese for the latter is far from being so 
 strong as formerly. The general opinion is that native cotton will continue 
 to maintain high prices, as heavy rains have damaged the cotton crops in 
 the coast provinces, as well as those of the we«t, where the cultivation of 
 the textile is most extensive ; consequently, the merchants of Shanghae 
 count upon a considerable trade in cotton goods during 1866. 
 
 Woollens. — The Returns also give a striking proof of the increasing 
 appreciation of the Chinese for woollens. English camlets, from 74,771 
 pieces in 1864, have run up to 115,115 pieces in 1865. Prices have varied 
 but little during the year — say from 17 taels to 19 taels for ordinary kinds. 
 Dutch camlets were quoted at from 23 taels to 24 taels during the first 
 ■months of the year, and afterwards went up from 25 taels to 29 taels. 
 Spanish stripes, which the Chinese are learning to appreciate daily more 
 and more, have increased their figure from 31,507 pieces to 47,430 pieces. 
 Scarlet long ells have suffered a slight diminution ; 117,646 pieces in 1865 
 against 128,810 pieces in 1864, to compensate for which they have com- 
 manded a good price ; for most part they have found an outlet at Hankow, 
 where they are in greater demand than at any other port. 
 
 Lustres and Orleans show a visible increase; 168,327 pieces against 
 136,591 pieces in 1864. Goods of this class known as "figured" have 
 augmented 30 per cent., and it is said that the Chinese will gradually 
 substitute them for their own silks, thus assuring for them a steady pro- 
 gressive importation. 
 
 Matches, Needles, SfC. — Apart from cottons and woollens we can only 
 particularize, amongst western manufactured goods adopted by the Chinese, 
 needles, matches, watches, and musical boxes ; other articles are insig- 
 nificant. 
 
 The importation of needles has greatly augmented, as 271,134 thou- 
 sands were received here in 1865, whereas only 66,625 lots of the same 
 quantity arrived in 1864. Tien-tsin is their principal market. 
 
 Of matches the same remarks may be made, as they appear on the 
 
APPENDIX. 128 
 
 Returns for 47,894 gross, whilst in 1864 the importation amounted only 
 to 16,201. 
 
 The trade in watches has remained nearly equal during both 1864-S, 
 viz., a little over 45,000 taels in each year. 
 
 Musical boxes are apparently losing favour, as they have fallen off 
 8,000 taels in value as compared with 1864. 
 
 These different articles are exported principally from Continental 
 Europe, and form the great proportion of its trade with Shanghae, but as 
 they are not brought here direct but are landed by vessels at Singapore and 
 Hong Kong, they do not appear on the Table specially dedicated to 
 importations from the Continent. 
 
 Opium. — With a view of preventing the use of opium among its 
 subjects, the Chinese Government has rigorously prohibited the cultivation 
 of the poppy in the Sze-chuen and Shanse provinces ; but this prohibition, 
 the effects of which have been real in those provinces, and which has 
 diminished the production of native opium, has failed in its reformatory 
 purpose, and has only increased the importation of foreign drug. Patna 
 and Malwa, which in 1864 gave a total of 28,881 piculs, show in 1865 
 33,438 piculs. The latter rose from 435 taels per picul to 650 taels and 
 700 taels ; the former from 320 taels to 450 taels and 480 taels per picul. 
 
 In 1864, Benares opium figures in the Returns for 1,212 piculs, in 
 1865 for 2,637 piculs. Persian opium, which had but very rarely been 
 brought to this port, amounts this year to 533 piculs, Turkish opium to 
 69 piculs 89 mace. 
 
 The total opium trade of 1865 is 36,680 piculs, valued at 17,769,726 
 taels, representing less 2,000,000, within 50 per cent, of the total value of 
 the import foreign trade at Shanghae. 
 
 Tlie treasury of the country draws valuable resources from the per- 
 nicious drug ; this year it has paid into the Custom-house of Shanghae 
 785,457 taels, besides considerable transit dues in the interior. The Table 
 specially set apart in the Returns for the opium trade divides the total 
 import of that article into 20,000 peculs re-exported to Ningpo and the 
 northern and Yang-tze ports, and 14,440 peculs landed at Shanghae for 
 local consumption and for that of the province. 
 
 It is remarkable that among the Yang-tze ports Chin-kiang figures as 
 the largest consumer ; but this is in consequence of its having in its neigh- 
 bourhood the rich market of Sien-niu-miao, which formerly drew its supplies 
 in native craft from Shanghae, but which now has its requirements met by 
 the drug brought in steamers to Chin-kiang. 
 
 When comparing the imports of opium for the last ten years we were 
 surprised by the discovery that the trade in opium had but slightly bene- 
 fitted by the opening of the ports after the Treaty of Tien-tsin. In 1856, 
 when the receiving ships, in lieu of being ranged in front of the Bund, 
 were obliged to be moored at Woosung, the deliveries at Malwa and Patna 
 amounted to 33,672 chests, whereas in 1865 they only formed a total of 
 33,348 chests. At certain periods of the year large convoys of junks 
 loaded for the northern ports, causing atemporary'activity in the Shanghae 
 market. 
 
 Are we, from these premises, to come to the conclusion that the opening 
 of the Treaty ports has been of no benefit to foreign trade ? As far as 
 opium and the exports of Chinese produce ai"e concerned this may be the 
 case ; but a glance at the Returns for some years past proves that not a 
 doubt can be entertained as to the great advantages which have been 
 offered to and gained by manufacturers by the opening up of the new 
 outlets. 
 
 Metals. — The imperfect working of the mines of China, and the still 
 
 K 2 
 
126 CHINA. 
 
 primitive methods used in manufacturing native metals, do not allow of 
 their competing favourably with those of foreign countries. The importa- 
 tion of nail rod iron in 1864 was only 90,601 peculs, whilst in 1865 it 
 amounted to 128,702 piculs, of which quantity the Continent furnished 
 6,000 piculs, the remainder coming from England. This article has been 
 of easy sale at a well sustained price, say, at an average of 2^ taels per 
 picul, at which figure Chinese iron cannot be produced. The latter is 
 rarely obtainable in large quantities, and only in small-sized pieces. Some 
 is to be bad of excellent quality; indeed, a certain kind coming from 
 Tien-tsin (Peoheli) and from Wan-chow (Che-kiang) do not yield in any 
 respect to the best Swedish iron ; and we know that a sample which was 
 sent to Leeds some time ago was returned to China in the shape of a vice, 
 perfectly polished, and upon which could be clearly discerned the fine fibres 
 of the metal, which was declared equal to No. 2 Swedish iron. Hankow 
 iron is more inferior, and to obtain pieces of any size vfould require heating, 
 hammering, and flattening out — operations which must necessarily increase 
 its cost, already far too high. This metal comes from Yunnan, the only 
 province where extensive mines of iron are to be found, and considering 
 the remote distance at which they are situated and the absence of any suit- 
 able roads to them, China must necessarily for a long time continue to 
 draw her supplies from foreign countries. 
 
 Pig iron, imported in 1864 to the amount of 1 2, 1 84 piculs, has risen 
 to 30,927 piculs. The small arsenals organized by the authorities 
 of Kiang-nan order their supplies of this article from England and 
 America. 
 
 Lead finds a market both in Shanghae and in Japan, and is sent 
 partially to the coast ports. The importation of 1865 — say 46,497 piculs 
 -—is 20,000 piculs less than that of 1864. 
 
 Coals. — Six different kinds of coals have, up to the present time, made 
 their appearance in the Shanghae market : — 
 
 1. English. 
 
 2. American. 
 
 3. Australian. 
 
 4. Japanese. 
 
 5. Formosa. 
 
 6. Hankow. 
 
 And as the coal trade occupies a conspicuous place in the Returns, we 
 will devote a few lines to this subject. The total import of this year, 
 93,779 tons, is far below that of 1864, which amounted to 117,380 tons, 
 or nearly 2,000 tons a month more. This falling ofiF is more particularly 
 notable in English coal, which has declined from 83,554 tons to 47,814 
 tons. This has its source in several causes combined, — the decrease in 
 the number of steamers employed on the Yang-tze and on the coast, the 
 competition of other coals, more particularly those of Japan and Australia, 
 and, above all, the small number of vessels despatched from Great Britain 
 to China. 
 
 The coal trade could not of itself establish and sustain a direct line 
 of navigation between Europe and the Far East. Vessels which bring 
 this article to Shanghae are destined to take back a much more valuable 
 return cargo — tea, for instance ; they are, therefore, enabled to carry coal 
 as an outward cargo at a very reduced rate, and to lay it down in Shanghae 
 at a reasonable price. But, as will be seen farther on, fewer vessels having 
 been sent from England this year, less English coal has arrived in 
 Shanghae. Consequently, prices have ranged high ; from &\ taels to 7| 
 taels they reached 10 taels and 11 taels towards the end of the year. It 
 is supposed that the arrivals of English coals will be in a similar propor- 
 tion in 1866. 
 
 American coal sells at too high a price to be employed to any great 
 extent by steamers ; their importation has also fallen off— 9,176 tons against 
 
APPENDIX. 127 
 
 12,463 tons; they have risen in price from 10 taels to 13 taels, and even 
 14 taels. These coals are anthracite, and as they emit little or no smoke 
 the Chinese use them in blacksmiths' shops and tea-firing establishments. 
 The excessive dearness of English and American coals has led, naturally, 
 to the use by steamer owners of coal procurable from nearest sources, and 
 at a cheaper rate, although of inferior quality. Tiius Australian coals 
 figure on the Returns for 27,011 tons, whereas in 1864 they represented 
 only 21,227 tons. Japanese coal, which in 1864 only attained the humble 
 number of 136 tons, has this year reached 3,1 14 tons. 
 
 Australian coals are shipped at the ports Sydney and Newcastle, and 
 can be delivered here at 6 taels. Towards the end of the year -a brisk 
 demand ran them up to 8i taels and 9|- taels. 
 
 Japanese coals are destined to command a large sale. For a long time 
 the privilege of furnishing coal to steamers was a monopoly of the Tycoon's 
 Government, which delivered, without discrimination and at a fixed rate, 
 coal of very inferior quality. Last year, however, this monopoly being 
 discontinued, other Daimios, owners of mines, entered the market, offering 
 coals, of which several kinds were found highly satisfactory, and their 
 quantity cannot but improve, as the European system of working the pits 
 is in many cases adopted. The coals of Sa-ka-sima and of Oki-sima are 
 the best ; and it is estimated that 25 tons of these coals will do as much 
 work as 20 tons of English. The mines of Satzuraa promise to turn out 
 equally good coal as soon as the seams have been worked to a sufBcient 
 depth. 
 
 The coal of China is at present inferior to all the other kinds ; but if 
 the natives would but profit by the example set them by the Japanese and 
 learn to work their mines properly, they would no doubt be enabled within 
 a very short time to furnish coals of good quality; however, every access 
 to the mines is still closed with jealous care against any attempt at innova- 
 tion. Hankow coals are used by some steamers, mixed with English, for 
 their return voyage ; they cost 6 taels on board, but at this price they 
 cannot expect to compete in the market of Shanghae. The mines of 
 Keelung (Formosa) might also be made to furnish good coals, but they 
 are for the present only used by steamers for want of better, and it was 
 only towards the end of 1865, when other coals were very dear, that any 
 Formosa coals were brought here and sold from 5 taels to 65^ taels. 
 
 Timber. — The sudden stoppage of many of the enterprises of preceding 
 years such as the building of wharves, houses, godowns, &c., has seriously 
 affected the importation of foreign wood. Softwoods, which came from 
 Puget Sound, Oregon territory, and Japan, have fallen from 9,251,611 
 square feet, to 5,528,046. Hardwoods have also suffered very con- 
 siderably, 30,000 in 1865, against 150,000 pieces in 1864. They come 
 from Japan, Siam, and the Straits. Steam saw-mills have been established 
 in the neighbourhood of Singapore, which turn out beautiful timber of 
 the Malayan archipelago at reasonable prices. It is there that China ■ 
 will have to repair to supply her timber yards, when, at some future time, 
 she builds vessels of her own, after western models. 
 
 Sugar. — The south of the Fohkien and the west of the Canton 
 provinces, the principal producers of native sugar, having been last year 
 a prey to the remains of bands of Taepings, the importation of foreign 
 sugar has considerably increased. Thus, whilst Swatow, Amoy, and 
 Hong Kong sugars have diminished 185,609 peculs, as compared with 
 1864, foreign sugar has increased 134,937 peculs. The total import of 
 sugar at Shanghae during the past year was — 
 
128 CHINA. 
 
 Piculs. 
 Foreign sugar .. .. .. .. .. 259,601 
 
 Native sugar .. .. .. .. .. 530,990 
 
 Total .. ., .. .. 790,791 
 
 Move than half of the former comes from the Philippine Islands, the 
 remainder from Singapore, Siam, the Straits, and Cochin China. As the 
 rebels have not yet been driven away and still occupy nearly the same 
 positions, it is probable that the quantity of native sugar produced ia 
 1866 will not increase, and that the importation of foreign sugar will 
 still he considerable. 
 
 Sice. — The great reduction in the quantity of foreign rice brought to 
 this port in 1S65, gives an idea of the rapidity with which the country, 
 now restored to tranquillity, is made to resume its proper degree of 
 cultivation. This year 706,342 piculs of foreign rice were imported, that 
 is to saj' 50 per cent, less than in 1864. The quantity ot rice furnished 
 by the province must be considerable, for, although still below the 
 average of good years, it has been sufficient to keep rice down to so low a 
 price, that importers could not make it remunerative ; a most unexpected 
 disappointment, as, during the first month of the year, the aspect of the 
 country announced the absence of some of its inhabitants and the failure 
 of the first crops. This year Siam has not participated in the importation. 
 of rice in consequence of the famine in that country and the consequent 
 prohibition of the export of this article ; the supplies aforesaid came 
 from India, the Philippines, and Hong Kong (doubtless Saigon and 
 Cambogia). 
 
 Trade in rice can no longer be classed among the usual transactions of 
 business at Shanghae ; and although, on the one hand, foreigners must 
 rest satisfied with the more flourishing condition of the province, the 
 increase of its internal richness, and, as a natural consequence, the greater 
 chances which are thus reserved for success in other transactions ; still, 
 on the other hand, the shipping interest loses one of the principal 
 sources of freight from which it has drawn employment during preceding 
 years. 
 
 Division of Imports amongst Foreign Countries. 
 
 Of all the countries which participate in the importation of foreign 
 products to Shanghae, Great Britain ranks first, both by virtue of its 
 direct trade and by that of India. The latter country sends to China, 
 rice and opium, representing this year the sum of 17,769,726 taels, or 
 1,634,731 taels more than in 1864. This is all net income as India takes 
 nothing in exchange from the Middle Kingdom. Direct importations 
 from Great Britain attained, according to the Returns, a value of 
 12,710,681 taels, to which should be added the value of English goods 
 landed in the first place at Hong Kong, and afterwards re-shipped to this 
 port, which would increase the above sum some two millions of taels. 
 About one million and a-half of taels stand to the benefit of Great 
 Britain this year. Importations from America are represented by 
 482,593 taels, about the same amount as in 1864 ; but the crisis reigning' 
 in the United States during this time prevents this being a true estimate 
 of what would be, under more adventitious circumstances, the true value 
 of the import trade of that country. 
 
 To the 132,643 taels given by the Return Table for the Continent should 
 be added the value of all the sundry goods imported in the first place to 
 Hong Kong, such as needles, matches, &c., which we may put down as at 
 least another million taels. Direct importations from the Continent have 
 
APPENDIX. 1 
 
 visibly increased this year, Bay 60 per cent. Cloth and Spanish stripes, 
 
 ■which have hitherto been borne on the returns for an insignificant 
 
 amount, figure this year for 60,000 taels. 
 
 Japan has imported during 1865, 2,257,996 taels — thus surpassing the 
 
 value of her 1864 imports by 559,705 taels. The statement of her 
 
 trade with Shanghae may be made out as follows : — 
 
 Taels. Taels. 
 
 Imports from JapanJ . . . . . , . . 2,257,986 
 
 Foreign goods exported to Japan from Shanglme . 1,915,398 
 Native produce .. .. ,. .. 223,856 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 2,139,254 2,257,986 
 
 These totals nearly balance each otber, but, in addition to the exports 
 from Japan, we must take into consideration 11,326 bales of silk which 
 ■were sent to Shanghae, the value of which does not appear on the 
 Returns, as they were not landed here but merely transhipped on board 
 the mail steamer for conveyance to Suez. Among the list of import 
 articles we would particularize,— cottons, woollens, metals, charcoal, salt 
 fish, timber, seaweed, sharks' fins, and ginseng. This year the Tycoon's 
 Government, in order to pay a portion of the war indemnity, sold at 
 Shanghae a considerable portion of copper cash, which, although not 
 bearing the mark of any Sovereign of Cnina, found, nevertiieless, a not 
 disadvantageous market. Japan ginseng, so highly appreciated as a 
 remedy by the Chinese, has greatly diminished in price during the last 
 few years. In the Treaty TarilT we find it classed at the same valuation 
 as the Corean ginseng, now worth twice as much, so that importers of 
 the former now find themselves obliged to pay a duty amounting to more 
 than 20 per cent. 
 
 In 1865, many sailing vessels, instead of coming to Shanghae, 
 discharged their cargoes at Hong Kong, so that the exports from that 
 port amount to 3,905,063 taels, whereas in 1864 they were only 1,922,092 
 taels, Hong Kong is not only an entrepot for a larcre quantity of goods 
 despatched from Europe, but also for merchandize arriving from Borneo, 
 Slam, Cochin China, and the Straits which are there reshipped to- 
 different ports, where the markets offer more advantages. 
 
 Imports from the Philippine Islands, from 369,790 taels, which figure 
 they reached in 1864, increased in 1865 to 575,616 taels. They consist 
 chiefly of sugar, rice, betel nut, indigo, and cordage. 
 
 Australia furnishes Shanghae with coal, but we have already noted 
 the progress made by the commerce of this country. 
 
 Siam, from the impossibility in which she has been placed of exporting 
 rice, sees the value of her decline from 638,375 taels in 1864, to 65,320' 
 taels. 
 
 Singapore has also suffered from the depressed state of the foreign 
 rice trade at Shanghae; her imports have fallen off from 1,115,080 taels 
 in 1864, to 622,686 taels in 1865. 
 
 The decrease for these two countries is 1,165,449 taels, the increase 
 for all the others is 5,656,915 taels. Foreign imports have consequently 
 progressed during 1865 to the extent of 4,491,466 taels. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Silk. — The total value of the exports of Chinese produce to foreign 
 countries during 1865, differs only by one million of taels fi'om the total 
 of 1864; the great reduction in teas and cottons having been nearly 
 compensated for by the value of 20,000 bales increase in the export 
 of silk. 
 
130 CHINA. 
 
 The silk market opened when the commerce of Shanghae was still in 
 a state of confusion, commenced so precipitately and at such prices that 
 there was a renewed outcry against rashness. The first purchases were 
 pushed on to such an extent that the Chinese brokers scarcely gave the 
 buyers time to examine the bales, saying " Take them at once or we shall 
 offer them to others." The silk appeared, however, to be of fair quality 
 and in good condition. The mail steamers hardly suflSced to carry away 
 the numerous offers of freight which were pressed upon them. One 
 steamer of the Messageries Imperiales alone loaded 6,000 bales ; 22,000 
 bales were thus exported during the months of June and July. In 
 consequence of this excitement the Chinese hurried their silk on the 
 market ; a certain lot, brought from the interior under torrents of rain, 
 arrived damp, and being shipped on board the steamer too soon, it reached 
 Europe in a damaged state, which, very probably, may be attributed to a 
 slight fraud on the part of the peasant growers, who, very likely, wetted 
 the centre portion of the bales to make them weigh heavier, and thus 
 increased the effects of the dampness of the weather. The rains were so 
 heavy and continued that they ruined a considerable part of the second 
 crop — that of August, — which did not amount to the half of what was 
 anticipated, so that the total export of the year, which should have been 
 from 50,000 to 60.000 bales, did not amount to more than 43,000. At 
 the beginning of the year the stock was exhausted ; a few hundred bales, 
 which were on the market, fetched extravagant prices, which naturally 
 retold upon those of the opening of the season. No. 3 tsatlees, of which 
 kind is the largest yield, commenced at 430 taels, — by the end of July 
 they were at 515 taels, — at 570 taels in October, and at 600 taels by the 
 end of December. Silk transactions were, however, in a very healthy 
 condition ; advices from Europe announced that the continental crop 
 would be far below the average, and that the terrible and unknown 
 disease among the worms continued to inflict on them a grievous mortality. 
 On the other hand exchange on Europe was low — say 6*, 3d. per tael ; 
 and there was plenty of specie in Shanghae to prevent its ranging much 
 higher. In short, silk operations turned out highly satisfactory ; it is 
 reported that some showed a profit of from 4*. to 5*. per pound. The 
 Chinese grower, overjoyed doubtless at the prices he realized during ] 865, 
 will probably devote eveiy attention to next silk season, which promises to 
 be an abundant one if the elements are not unfavourable. It remains for 
 the merchants to take every precaution to find out whether or not the silk 
 of China will again be as absolutely necessary to the manufacturers of 
 Europe, and also to ascertain the results of the eggs of the Japanese 
 silkworms ; in any case, prudence should dictate a little less confidence 
 than has been formerly shown in making purchases. 1'2,055 bales of 
 Japanese silk passed through the port of Shanghae in 1865. Only a few 
 hundred were landed. 
 
 Teas. — The immense losses experienced by the teas of 1S64, owing 
 their principal source to the fact that the quantity sent forward far exceeded 
 the capacity of the London market, it is not surprising that the export of 
 this article for 1865 shows a considerable decrease. This is applicable, 
 however, to black teas only, the total of which, say 262,147 piculs, is 25 
 per cent, lower than during the preceding year ; these are the teas which 
 are consumed in England, and in Russia. Green teas, which are used in 
 America, were in a most advantageous position through the cessation of 
 hostilities in that country, and their exportation has made great progress, 
 as will be seen below. 
 
 We nave only a few general observations to make on the subject of 
 
APPENDIX. 131- 
 
 teas, as Shangliae is merely a depot for them. Black teas come from 
 Hankow and Kiukiang ; green teas are sent from Kiukiang and Kingpo. 
 
 Black Tea. — Although prudential counsels were the order of the day 
 for tea more than for anything else, the black teas, which were purchased 
 at Hankow on the opening of the market, were paid for at a higher rate 
 than was expected ; after the first chops had been received, a little more 
 moderation was shown in buying, but soon after the news of the reduction 
 of the duly roused every one to fresh activity, and prices, which had a 
 downward tendency, again ran high. Amongst the accusations which 
 public opinion at home has directed against Chinese trade during the last 
 few years, it has not perhaps sufficiently taken into account the exceptional 
 circumstances which have to be encountered by foreigners in this country. 
 As the tea season approaches, the merchant, who is ignorant of the 
 language, is obliged to have recourse to native agents, to get teas sent 
 down from the interior ; he is consequently, as regards opening prices, at 
 the mercy of these brokers, who come to a perfect understanding together 
 in order that the price may not be any lower than that of the preceding 
 season. As it is a well known fact that the teas which arrive first in the 
 London market leave a large margin, a competition takes place to see who 
 can buy them, and, above all, who can buy them the quickest ; a similar 
 thnig would occur in Europe, and indeed everywhere else. This, of itself 
 alone, creates a rivalry at the opening of each season, of which the native 
 merchant knows full well how to reap the profit ; once the first eagerness 
 over, the demand lessens, and prices should do so gradually, but the Chinese 
 are tenacious, and they persist in their demand till the foreigner is forced 
 to yield ; they even contrive to run up prices up to the end of the season. 
 What remedy can possibly be found for this state of things ? T)o without 
 native agents and transact one's business oneself! The difficulties pre-; 
 seiited by the language and the numerous usages of Chinese trade are 
 obstacles which have hitherto proved insurmountable. Combat the native 
 with his own weapons, and concert together not to pay more than a certain 
 price ! This is a system incompatible with the liberal commercial spirit of. 
 the age, and which would assuredly fail ; the foreign merchant is truly 
 powerless before his adversary. This year, black teas, which opened at 
 32 taels per picul, had, by the end of it, risen 6 taels, but thanks to the 
 reduction in the quantity exported and to the care with which they had 
 been prepared, they have been sold, up to the present time at a profit. 
 
 Green Tea. — The purchase of green teas was more happily managed, 
 owing to the uncertain aspect of affairs in the United States, which 
 paralyzed operations during the first months of the year, and so lowered 
 prices as to cause considerable losses to Chinese holders, thus allowing ^ 
 exporters to operate with security in making their bargains. When peace 
 came, assuring an easy outlet to these teas, prices flew up immediately, but 
 the requirements of A.merica were so considerable that all green teas 
 have been profitably sold. In 1865 the export of this article amounted to 
 209,418 piculs, against 151,089 in 1864; 104,259 piculs have been sent 
 to the United States, and 85,820 piculs to England. The season was 
 inaugurated by " Ping Soueys " fetching 2 or 3 taels less than in ,1864 ; 
 at the end of the year they averaged 35 taels per picul. 
 
 In endeavouring to discover the causes which have led to the crisis in 
 teas, we find that the trade, so far as regards green teas, has been the 
 victim of circumstances rather than of errors. The United States were 
 approaching the most eventful period of their civil war and completely 
 stopped all purchases on the London market, which had become the dep6t 
 for these teas, thus leaving large stocks on the hands of merchants, which , 
 they found it impossible to realize. As we have before stated, the export 
 
132 CHINA. 
 
 of black teas was too great, both for the wants of Great Britain and for 
 the demands of Russia which had been much exaggerated. 
 
 The spirit of speculation then rife at Shanghae, threw into tea transac- 
 tions inany who were perfect novices and inexperienced in the trade ; their 
 operations, dictated by chance, completely upset the habitual prudence of 
 older hands ; hence absurd prices, inferior qualities, and a miscalculated 
 export. As bankruptcy has carried away most of these obnoxious specu- 
 lators, and as the survivors no longer meet with the same facilities in find- 
 ing money for their rash undertakings, the tea trade is gradually resuming 
 the wise and healthy course which it formerly followed. 
 
 Cotton. — The export of cotton to Europe still continued at the begin- 
 ning of the year ; in January and February nearly 90,000 piculs were sent 
 to England. The rapid succession of events in the Southern States became 
 known shortly after ; the successful raids of General Sherman, the taking 
 of Savannah, of Fort Fisher, of Charlestown, and finally the fall of Rich" 
 mond and the pacification of the South, which latter put an end to any 
 attempts at further exportation. Fiom I85 taels per picul, cotton fell imme- 
 diately to ] 3 and 14 taels. Stocks in Shanghae were then sent to other ports 
 in China, more particularly to Hankow, which may have thus recovered 
 most of the very bales previously exported thence. The autumn season was 
 active, as the southern ports had to provide themselves witli supplies which 
 had not been renewed the previous year ; still the export of cotton was far 
 from what it was expected to be, for at least one-half of the cotton crop in 
 Kiang-nan was either spoilt by the same rains which so damaged the silk, 
 or inundated by the breaking of a long line of dikes in the bay of Hang- 
 chow. Tien-tsin and Cheefoo cottons, which in 1864 were re-exported to 
 foreign countries, were this year sent to Hong-Kong and the neighbouring 
 ports. 
 
 The high price paid for it, and its inferior quality, marked out China 
 cotton as one of the first victims to the re-opening of the ports of Southern 
 States of America, but the losses thus caused do not appear to have fallen 
 any less severely on the Chinese hongs than on the foreign merchants. 
 Of the former, many were already ruined in 1863, by the bad faith of the 
 peasants, who, suddenly finding that they could obtain better prices than 
 those agreed upon, broke their contracts, and by placing the hongs* in 
 the impossibility of fulfilling their engagements, forced them to close. In 
 1865, hongs which held large stocks, or which had already made con- 
 tracts with the interior at too high prices, found themselves also involved 
 in ruin. 
 
 The market of Shanghae, which was the centre of very extensive 
 cotton operations, has not thus been enriched by them, as the money put 
 in circulation by purchases of this article, was engulphed in the interior, 
 and contributed in no slight degree to remedy the disasters which the pro- 
 vince had suffered from the rebellion. As regards the export. of cotton to 
 foreign countries, 1865 is naturally far below 1864, namely, 100,137 
 piculs against 336,503 piculs. If, as is probable, China is not destined 
 to pay any more tribute to the " king cotton " of the west, the year 1866 
 will see the trade of Europe and America re-enter its former groove of 
 tea and silk. Apart from these two articles, we find others on the returns 
 in but very insignificant quantities : a few piculs of nuts and rhubarb; 
 Chinese grass, which some European companies axe making preparations 
 for using as a textile, figures to the extent of 5 piculs only. The progress 
 made by China towards the adoption of articles of European manufacture^ 
 is still more rapid than that of Europe in availing herself of Chinese 
 products. 
 
 * " Hong," native house of business. 
 
APPENDIX. 1S8 
 
 III. — Coast Trade. 
 
 Ooasf Trade. — In comparing the Return Tables which sum up the com- 
 merce of Shanghae with the coast and Yang'-tze ports during 1864 and 
 1865, it can be seen at a glajice, that the vahie of imports has decreased 
 4,755,916 taels. The ports of Canton, Swatow, and Amoy, situated in the 
 Canton and Fohkien provinces, ravaged throughout the year by the rebels, 
 show a diminution of 1,677,843 taels ; Formosa of 242,341 taels ; Hankow, 
 the port of black teas, has fallen off 3,371,604, taels; Kiukiang, the 
 port of green teas, has increased 464,931 taels ; Tien-tsin, which did not 
 export as much cotton as in 1864, shows a deficit of 673,704 taels. The 
 importation of Chinese products into Shanghae, amounts to a total value 
 of 25,846,378 taels, divided into three parts : one destined for foreign 
 countries, representing 15,435,795 taels ; one re -exported to Chinese ports, 
 4,766,988 taels in value ; and a third, amounting to 5,643,395 taels, kept 
 for local and provincial consumption, which in 1864 amounted to 
 11,643,555 taels. 
 
 The export of Chinese produce to the other ports is represented by 
 7,702,554 taels, or 1,834,516 taels less than in 1864. 
 
 All the progress made this year rests with foreign goods re-exported, 
 of which the total value is 24,991,620 taels ; surpassing that of 1864 by 
 7,899,667 taels. 
 
 Whilst dwelling on the different tables of the " coast trade," we may 
 enter into details regarding the figures we have given above ; we shall do 
 so, however, very rapidly, for the trade of each place is analyzed by our 
 colleagues, who are better able than ourselves to give interesting informa- 
 tion, regarding the different products exported by or received at their 
 ports. 
 
 Table No. ry^. — There is one table, however, which comes more 
 directly under our province, it is No. 4, headed "Native Produce exported 
 from Shanghae to other ports." The principal products of the province of 
 Kiang-nan are there plainly brought forward ; these are silk, silk piece 
 goods, cotton, and nankeens. The silk to the extent of 158 piculs, valued 
 at 234,367 taels, was exported by private steamers to Hong Kong, whence 
 it was probably forwarded to Europe. Silk piece goods are divided 
 amongst all the ports, aud attained a value of 1,124,909 taels, against 
 962,338 taels in 1864. Cotton was distributed in a like manner, and 
 reached to 182,085 piculs. Nankeens increased in quantity 1,596 piculs, 
 but decreased in value 373,740 taels, in consequence of the fall in cotton. 
 
 The export of wheat to the southern ports is considerable, viz., 100,181 
 piculs; that of copper cash is less than in 1864 by 115,108 strings, 
 95,528 taels in value ; whilst in 1864 the export of this article was 133,644 
 piculs, valued at 1,603,728 taels. This proves that in the districts bordering 
 on Hankow and Kiukiang, where formerly only copper cash was current, 
 sycee is coming more into use, which is one step gained on native routine. 
 
 The province of Kiangnan exports also a great many other products, 
 which present a respectable figure on the Returns as regards quantity, but 
 whose value is comparatively small. Its manufacture of musical instru- 
 ments must be renowned, as no less than 47,508 flutes were sent to the 
 Yang-tze ports, and 50,000 different instruments to Canton. We may 
 also mention, as articles worthy of notice, fans, spectacles, and hair pencils 
 for writing. 
 
 The preceding remarks apply only to the southern and Yang-tsae 
 ports ; the important exports from Shanghae to the northern ports are 
 confined to silk piece goods, nankeens, and grass cloth. To Tien-tsln, for 
 
134 CHIKA. 
 
 instance, exports from Shanghae would be insignificant were they not 
 enlarged by the re-export of foreign goods. 
 
 Table Nu. F/.— The re-exports of foreign goods is detailed in Table 
 No. Vl, and if we add together the imports from Europe, America, and 
 India, that is to say, cottons, woollens, opium, and metals, and compare the 
 totals with those of 1864, a considerable increase will be found at every 
 port which draws its supplies from Shanghae. 
 This increase amounts — 
 
 Taels. 
 AtNingpo, to . .. .. .. .. 456,940 
 
 Hankow .. .. .. .. .. 1,886,437 
 
 Kiukiang .. .. .. .. .. 331,289 
 
 Chiakiaog ., .. .. .. .. 1,770,701 
 
 An enormous augmentation in this last case, due principally to opium, but 
 also to cotton goods, the imports of which had hitherto been almost nil. 
 At Chefoo it amounted to 800.901 taels, or nearly 80 per cent.; at 
 Tien-tsin it is 125 per cent., or an increase of 3,424,052 taels, for in 1864 
 the value of this branch of trade there was only 2,920,809 taels ; and, 
 lastly, even the humble port of Newchwang shows also an increase of 200 
 per cent., or 610,761 taels. In 1864, these articles were represented by 
 329, £ 26 taels. Shirtings and T-cloths, never before imported there, appear 
 for a value of 20,275 taels. 
 
 Table No. I. — Amongst the articles enumerated in Table No. I., silk, 
 cotton, and tea, have been re-exported to foreign countries ; the remainder 
 are for Chinese consumption. We remark as pre-eminent the porcelain 
 ware of Kiukiang, which represents 313,464 taels, the copper cash and 
 cuttle fish of Ningpo, the indigo of Canton, the medicines of the southern 
 ports, the fungus, the oil, the paper, the rhubarb, the vegetable tallow and 
 wax of Hankow, the yellow silk of Sze-chuen, which this year shows 447 
 piculs, worth 178,876 taels, the sugar of Amoy, Swatow, and Hong Kong, 
 the timber of Foochow, &c. 
 
 From the northern ports we have to make mention of the beans and 
 bean cake, the millet and rice of Newchwang, the other articles being of 
 small account. The satin shoes, the soap, and the dates of Tien-tsin 
 represent an inconsiderable sum. 
 
 This Table, which assuredly is the one which gives the most trouble 
 to the Custom-house, includes the numerous articles, more or less known, 
 which serve as food to the Chinese, or enter into the consumption of their 
 difl'erent industries ; it might be useful as an index to the chemist, the 
 naturalist, or the savant desirous of studying the resources and the products 
 of these countries. 
 
 IV. — Shipping, Treasure, and Duties. 
 
 Shipping. — We have every reason to fear that the epoch of good 
 freights for sailing-vessels must be numbered among the things of the 
 past, and that they will no longer find so remunerative an employment in 
 Chinese ports as they have" done in preceding years. This year many 
 causes united against them ; in the first place, the depressed state of the 
 rice trade, which employed so many ships between Singapore, Hong Kong, 
 and Shanghae ; the cessation of the export of cotton to Europe, and, 
 above all, the overwhelming competition of numerous steamers running 
 from one port to another at such low rates of freight that the Chinese are 
 enabled to ship by them even that class of inferior priced goods known 
 under the name of " Chowchow articles." These are the real causes of 
 the injury done to freights by sailing-vessels. The proclamation by the 
 
APPEKDIX. 135 
 
 authorities of this province prohibiting native merchants from making use 
 of foreign bottoms for the transport of bean calse has had but a very 
 secondary effect, and was, in fact, only a concession granted to the lamen- 
 tations of thousands of junks, which are rotting for want of employment 
 along the banks of the Whampoa. 
 
 In 1866, the same causes will also be in existence, but the effects will 
 be still more apparent ; whereas, at the commencement of 1865 some hopes 
 were still nourished of freights for cotton and rice. In July there were 
 more than 150 vessels in port, a number which doubtless will not be seen 
 again for a long time. 
 
 It is needless to remark that under such circumstances freights fell to 
 the very lowest point. Some vessels only got II. 10*. to, London ; the 
 first clippers, tea-loaded, were the only ones more favoured, as they 
 obtained 3/. Other vessels were obliged to be content with insignificant 
 freights for bringing timber from Foo-chow ; many left for Europe or for 
 difi^rent ports in America. 
 
 This decrease in the number of shipping will deprive Shanghae of 
 much of its animation, for this floating population supported many stores, 
 and other branches of industry, which have been already obliged to give 
 up business, and maintained bustle and movement on the Bund and in the 
 sti'eets of the settlements. 
 
 To compensate for this, steamers are continually on the move, but 
 their number has also grown less. After the Treaties of Tien-tsin and 
 Yeddo too many were ordered out, both from Europe and the United 
 States ; since then several have been sold to the Japanese ; others, less 
 fortunate, have been Inst on the Yang-tze and on the coast. Tliis year 
 has been particularly unpropitious ; the " Chanticleer," the " Corea," the 
 " Foh-kieii," and the " Lalla Rookh," were wrecked one after the other in 
 the hurricanes of June and July. 
 
 There are now in Shanghae about thirty-five steamers, a number just 
 sufficient to fully meet all the requirements of trade. We do not include 
 the fine little tow-boats destined for the navigation of the canals, and which 
 are now condemned to idleness in consequence of all access to the silk 
 districts having been forbidden them. Regular lines are established 
 between this and Japan, Chefoo, and Tien-tsin, the Yang-tze ports. Hong 
 Kong, Ningpo, and Foo-chow, which keep up a continual coming and 
 going, besides maintaining the total tonnage of 1865 at but little below that 
 of the preceding year, as will be seen by the following Table : — 
 
 1865. Entered . .. .. 1,740 848,456 
 Cleared . .. .. 1,810 887,747 
 1864. Entered. .. .. 2,137 899,331 
 Cleared . .. 2,104 888,728 
 
 As regards future prospects, important to the shipping interest, we may 
 mention the expected arrival of the American mail steamers ; and it may 
 also be asked how those interests will be affected by the permission which 
 will ere long be granted by the Chinese Government to its subjects, to 
 own foreign vessels ; for the present, the natives have not the right to 
 change the build of their jUnks. 
 
 Specie. 
 
 The very great kindness of several bankers has furnished us regarding 
 treasure with exact data which the returns were unable to supply. In 
 
136 CHIN^. 
 
 1865, the specie imported from foreig:n countries, Hong Kong included; 
 amounted to 9,684,470 taels and 8,959.393 taels from Chinese ports; 
 forming a total of 18,643,863 taels. The specie exported to foreiga 
 countries, inclusive of Hong Kong, amounted to 12.067,843 taels, which, 
 together with 3,965,847 taels exported to Chinese ports, gives a total of 
 16,033,690 taels. 
 
 With this information, we can establish correctly the general account 
 of the trade of Shanghae. 
 
 Foreign Trade. 
 
 Taela. 
 Specie imported from foreign countries . . . . • . 9,684,470 
 
 Value of goods imparted &am foreign countries, less re-exports 
 
 to same .. >. ** .. .. •• 35,225,965 
 
 Total .. .. 44,910,435 
 
 Specie exported to foreign countries .. .. .. 12,067,843 
 
 Chinese produce exported to foreign countries . . . . 29,559,622 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 41,627,465 
 
 Coast Trade. 
 
 Specie imported from Cliinese ports .. .. .. 8,959,393 
 
 Chinese produce imported, less re-exports to other ports .. 21,079,390 
 
 Foreign goods imported from Chinese ports . . . . 382,660 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 30,421,443 
 
 Specie exported to Chinese ports . .. .. .. 3.965,847 
 
 Native produce exported to those ports .. .. .. 7,702,554 
 
 Foreign goods re-exported to those ports .. .. .. 24,991,620 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 36,660,021 
 
 From these two series of calculations may he easily deducted the state 
 of specie for the year 1865. On the one hand, the value of goods 
 imported from countries exceeding that of the native produce sent to 
 them ; on the other, the value of native and foreign merchandize sent 
 from Shanghae to the other ports, exceeding that which was received from 
 them, thus forcing them to make returns in specie, everything, it is 
 evident, contributed to cause an influx of specie into Shanghae. Add to 
 these reasons the total absence of local speculations which, in former 
 years, set in motion such large sums of money, and the natural conclusion 
 is that exchange must have ranged very low ; effectively, from 7s. 2d. in 
 1864, it fell to 6s. 2d. and 6s. 4d., and only rose during the month of 
 July, when it attained 6*. 6d. The eleven banks established at Shanghae 
 found business very dull all throughout the year, and, in order to get rid 
 of the specie which they had on hand unemployed, they sent it to India, 
 and sold it to the Colonial Government to mint coin. 9,761,796 taels 
 were got rid of in this way, and the export still continued in January 
 1866. As the excess of specie in Shanghae has been thus passed off, 
 and as mail advices report that no large quantities are likely to arrive 
 from Europe, exchange when trade revives has every prospect of rising. 
 
 Duties. 
 
 "" The total duties received by the Customs at Shanghae, is Haikwaii 
 taels 2,167,841, and exceeds the revenue of 1864 by 86,468 taels. 
 
APPENDIX. 137 
 
 IV. — Nationalities established at Shanghae. 
 
 At a general glance, or, if the expression may be allowed us, taking a 
 bird's-eye view, the nationalities which divide among themselves the trade 
 of Shanghae, may be classed under five categories, — English, American, 
 Germans, French, and Chinese. Under the head of Germans are 
 included the Dutch houses, and the Swiss under that of French ; this 
 being, of course, custom only, and not by any means a distribution 
 arising from any reasonable source. In the month of December, 
 Shanghae contained 88 houses of business, — 11 banks, 13 brokers, 
 13 commission houses, 14 stores, 21 houses of sundry professions, 
 3 docks, and 3 large blacksmith's establishments connected with the 
 repairing of vessels. The concessions were inhabited by 2,500 foreigners, 
 and 120,000 Chinese. 
 
 British. — The British easily obtain the larger portion of the goodly 
 sized inofot which yearly passes through the crucible of trade at Shanghae. 
 Their houses are the oldest ; the most powerful among them are branches 
 of those colossal establishments founded when China was still enveloped 
 in mystery for Europe, by bold speculators who became merchant princes ; 
 they have passed through that happy epoch when the Celestial Empire 
 was a mine of gold ; the mine is still rich but now it only yields brass, 
 and is not so easily worked, their advance is therefore considerable. On 
 the other hand, Great Britain, as regards China, is the only really importing 
 country, for, compared with her, the United States and the Continent 
 show but very insignificant fig-ures ; she is, consequently, the only 
 country that has established a substantial system of barter or exchange 
 of produce, which is moreover greatly to her own advantage, for, by her 
 direct imports and by opium, we have already seen that she introduces 
 into Shanghae an amount of 36,000,000 taels, whereas she only takes 
 away 22,500,000. Furnishing her merchants therefore with goods, 
 through which they realize profits and are without any expense in 
 possession of funds with which to purchase native produce, they (the 
 merchants) have at all times been enabled to land in Europe, tea, silk, and 
 cotton under more favourable circumstances than others, and thus absorb 
 the greater portion of the business of China, at the sarae time that London 
 has always been the general entrepdt for all exports from the " Far East." 
 The numerous British Colonies situated in this part of the world also 
 help to extend the circle of their transactions by the products exported 
 from them, which increase their means of exchange. Besides local trade 
 or that between port and port, instead of being, as is the case with other 
 nations, a question of chance, is for them the natural corallary of those 
 advantages which enable them besides to keep up a considerable merchant 
 fleet in these waters, forming indeed one half of the total amount of 
 foreign tonnage. Of 88 houses of business, 58 are British, in which we 
 include 7 Parsee houses of good standing ; the broking and commission 
 houses, with very few exceptions, and all the banks, except one, are also 
 British. 3 docks, 1 ship-building and 2 ship-repairing establishments are 
 managed by British subjects and worked with British capital. 
 
 Americans- — The Americans at Shanghae are, as is the case every- 
 where else, in the ascendant as regards shipping, it is impossible to 
 compete with their steamers, except by opposing them by others of the 
 same kind and built on the same model. On the Yang-tze line, seven 
 steamers out of nine are American ; the others are distributed on the 
 Ningpo, Hong Kong, and Japan routes ; almost all are built with engines 
 on the walking beam principle, one of them — the " Suwonada," — bears 
 the palm for the rapidity of her. coast voyages; she averages 14 knots. 
 
138 CBIKA. 
 
 The fleet of merchant sailing vessels of the United States, now that the 
 seas are free, will soon resume its former importance; many American 
 clippers, during the war, flew foreign flags. This year the tonnage of 
 sailing vessels and steamers was the same as in 1864, amounting to 
 one-half that of the English vessels. 
 
 Six large American firms exist at Shanghae, besides extensive stores 
 and establishments for building and repairing vessels. These firms 
 receive from America, cotton goods, lumber, flour, corn, and quicksilver ; 
 and they send in return green teas and straw braid. This year a cargo of 
 black tea was, for the first time, sent to San Francisco. However, the 
 transactions of American merchants are not confined to the affairs of 
 their own countries ; they participate also in the direct trade with 
 England. 
 
 The Pacific line of steamers will, doubtless, rapidly increase business 
 relations between the United States and China ; they will, in the first 
 place, carry a considerable quantity of silk, which, by the English mail 
 steamers, has hitherto passed through London ; and if, as we may expect, 
 they correspond in quickness and comfort, to what the Americans know so 
 well how to carry out, they cannot fail to have a beneficial effect upon 
 general commerce, and more particularly upon that of Americans in 
 Shanghae. 
 
 Germans. — Judging from the Return Tables of exports and imports, 
 German commerce would appear almost null, and would be disposed of by 
 the mention of a few articles of relatively very small value ; but the 
 Germans, not finding in their own country sufficient elements of business, 
 go elsewhere to seek them, and thus create a trade for themselves ; their 
 houses in Shanghae order out manufactured goods from England, and 
 return Chinese produce ; they have also agents and branch houses in 
 Japan, Siam, Singapore, Hong Kong, and other ports of China. 
 
 The Germans have, consequently, had a numerous fleet here, but, as 
 they are all sailing vessels, it is upon them more particularly that the 
 scarcity of freights has weighed most heavily. In 1864, 285 ships, 
 measuring 75,714 tons, entered, and 293, measuring 81,622 tons, cleared 
 from this port; but in 1865, only 133 vessels, of 43,180 tons, entered, 
 and 139, of 42,148 tons, cleared, and these figures will again be 
 diminished in 1866". Previous to the formidable competition of steamers, 
 German vessels were in great favour with the Chinese, on account of the 
 cheapness of their freiglits and the quiet and benevolent character of their 
 masters. Almost all these vessels are under the Hamburg and Bremen 
 flags, and come loaded with German goods which find an outlet in China ; 
 of these we have already cited some, such as woollens, cloth, Spanish 
 stripes, matches, and needles, and, we may add, some calicoes, lead, zinc of 
 Silesia, glassware, and stores. As Shanghae offers nothing to these 
 vessels as a return freight, they go seeking employment on the coast or at 
 some foreign port. 
 
 The Germans have fifteen firms at Shanghae of which four are under 
 British protection and are branches of firms established in London. 
 They also fill some of the professions and have some stores. The Dutch, 
 whom we have placed under the same heading, have two houses and one 
 commercial company. In 1865, the tonnage of their ships entered, 
 sixteen in number, was 5,139 tons, and nineteen cleared with 6,204 tons; 
 they come principally from Borneo and the neighbouring colonies. 
 
 French. — France, the country of " ideas," imports many into China 
 by means of her missionaries, but she does not care for importing cottons 
 and woollens — leaving to more practical nations a free field for transactions 
 of such profitable but vulgar nature. The table of imports from foreign 
 
APPENDIX. 139 
 
 countries marks only a series of noughts to her credit; in exports, the 
 item, silk and cocoons, shows 5,844 piculs and 2,415,198 taels ; and 
 although this amount is but trifling, as the total export was 43,000 bales, 
 and as France must have taken more than half for the consumption of her 
 manufactures, it might still convey to the reader abroad an exaggerated 
 idea of her trade at Shanghae. Well, of these 5,844 piculs, which may 
 be treated as 7,300 bales, French houses only exported 2,600 bales, the 
 rest having been sent forward by English, Americans, and Germans. 
 
 French firms are five in number, besides which, there are stores, an 
 important bank, which is a branch of the Comptoir d'Escompte, and an 
 agency of the Messageries Imperiales. This is but little for France, 
 which five years ago sent an army to plant her flag on the walls of Peking ; 
 and can we really hope that at some future day she will possess an 
 important trade with China ? If this is to take place she should begin 
 with Shanghae, for, not being a tea consuming country, it is here only 
 that she could find means of exchanging native for her own products. 
 But we must say that we had formerly con6eived more illusions on this 
 subject than we do at the present. In 1861, France counted ten firms 
 apparently established on a solid basis, and some well supplied stores ; 
 the figures, which we have just given, do not announce an improvement in 
 her position ; on the contrary, the war with China has attracted many 
 foreigners to this country but no Frenchmen. Attempts are, however, 
 made, from time to time, upon a limited scale, to introduce French cotton 
 and woollen goods, but these are, as yet, too dear to allow of their 
 competing with this same class of goods from Great Britain, and we must 
 leave to " Free Trade," which the merchants of the metropolis submit to 
 rather than accept, the task of lowering the cost of those manufactures. 
 In the mean time those of my countrymen who are desirous of sending 
 piece goods to China, must, like the Germans, purchase them elsewhere, 
 and we imagine that the company, which it was reported was being formed 
 to monopolise the silk of Shanghae and divert it from London to the 
 profit of the Lyons and Marseilles markets, would, in the first place, have 
 contracted with the manufacturers of Manchester in order to place itself 
 upon an equal footing with English merchants. 
 
 But admitting, as we may do with safety, that the manufacturers of 
 Eouen, Mulhouse, &c., deprived as they now are of protection in the sale 
 of their productions, are enabled, ere long, to deliver them as cheaply as 
 any other country, should we see as a consequence, Frenchmen coming 
 to sell them in China ? Alas ! we should not like to make any such 
 affirmation. What we might then probably see would be the said cotton 
 and woollen goods going to London to be forwarded to the extreme East. 
 The actual imports from France to Shanghae are not so null as the 
 Returns appear to indicate ; articles of fashion (articles de modes), 
 jewellery, and the wines which set off the stores, represent a certain 
 value, but the importers are foreigners. This apathy on the part of 
 Frenchmen to leaving their country, is not a passing caprice, and it is not 
 in a moment that it can be done away with, for it is the result of the 
 policy pursued for so long afler the fall of the colonial power of France ; 
 to inclose her commerce and her ideas in the smallest {possible circle 
 under the pretext of increasing strength by condensing them after a lapse 
 of time, the audacity and intelligence necessary to commercial enterprises 
 undertaken at a distance, became lost ; in time too, instead of a liberal 
 spirit, a petty and cavilling one was created ; we repeatedly heard exporters 
 of silk declare that they met with more trouble in their transactions in 
 France than in England, and after having tried to send their silk one year 
 to Lyons and Marseilles, came back in disgust, the following year, to 
 [167] 1 
 
Bales. 
 
 
 Bales. 
 
 7,850 
 
 1863-64 
 
 . . 3.936 
 
 6,177 
 
 1864-65 
 
 . . 9,276 
 
 9^970 
 
 1865-66 (1st Jaiuiary) 
 
 . . 5,350 
 
 140 CHINA. 
 
 sending it direct to London. It will be seen by the following Table, that, 
 since the working of the Messageries Imperiales line, the quantity of silk 
 sent from China and Japan to Marseilles (we do not say landed ther^), 
 has not increased. The dates are talsen from July 1st of one year, to 
 50th July of the following. 
 
 1860-61 
 
 (1861-62 
 
 1862-63 
 
 Whilst expressing with this Tiitter sincerity how much, commercially 
 speaking, the influence of 'France is behindhand in China, there is, never- 
 theless, on our part more of impatience than of discouragement. Wb have 
 perfect confidence in " free trade," and in the lapid renovation which it 
 brings to the conceptions of a country ; with the progress of manufactures 
 commercial ambition developes itself, and a country is then not slow to 
 understand that, in order to become truly great in trade, it must no longer 
 limit its views to the narrow horizon which surrounds it, but spread them 
 over the world at large. 'ITiis year and last, French merchants came to 
 pass a season in Japan, to buy a great quantity of silkworms' eggs ; this 
 shows that already the far east did not appear so distant to them, and of 
 all the efforts made by the actual Government to direct its citizens to this 
 country, the protection granted to the establishment of the Messageries 
 Imperiales line, will certainly prove the most efficacious. The ability with 
 wTiich this line is managed, has fully responded to the expectations enter- 
 tained, and has acquired for it a well merited popularity ; the two steamers 
 which maintain at Shanghae, arriving and leaving once a month, keep up 
 appearances for French commerce on the returns both as regards tonnage 
 arid duties. The sailing vessels which frequent this port are not numeriaus, 
 there are never more than three or four at a time. 
 
 Switzerland has three 4rms established at Shanghae, which are under 
 French protection. 
 
 Chinese. — Whilst at certain ports, customers of Shanghae, such as 
 Tien-tsin and Ning-po, one hears foreigners complaining that trade, even 
 that in manufactured articles, is passing out of their hands into those of 
 the Chinese, who order them direct — it might be supposed that the 
 Shanghae hongs, thus become centres of business, must have attained to 
 considerable importance, l)ut, on the contrary, it is said that no large hongsB 
 any longer exist in this place. The native firms, to whom was formerly 
 attributed the possession of large capital of from one-half to a million of 
 taels, which was justified by the great extent of their transactions, have disap- 
 peared : some destroyed for ever by the ravages of the rebellion ; others, wliich 
 were beginning to recover, undermined by the cotton bankruptcies. Large 
 merchants regret these powerful hongs, by whose means thev were enabled 
 to carry their influence into the heart of the provinces. They were then 
 few in number, and nearly monopolised the trade of the interior with 
 foreigners ; now many hongs, of secondary class, iave established them- 
 selves in the settlements, and, as business is in consequence more dividedj 
 the chances of a rapid extension are less both for the one and the other.. 
 
 There are about 150 hongs in the settlements, three of which only are 
 said to traffic to any extent with the Yang-tze ports, where the native 
 houses have not yet sought, in any perceptible way, to shake off the inter- 
 medium of foreigners. These three hongs are well supported by the native 
 bank^, who purchase with confidence their long dated drafts on these ports. 
 But at Tien-tsin, if we except opium, every day fewer of the transactions 
 of that port wiih Shanghae are conducted by the foreigners established 
 there. The Chinese have every advantage in this competition ; their 
 
ABPBIfBIX. 141. 
 
 establishments and their way of living are of the simplest,, and impose But 
 slight charges on the goods they receive. It is estimated that there are at 
 least thirty hongs trading specially with, the north, some of which have 
 from 50,000' to 1-00,000 taela of capital; employing as they d«, steamers 
 only in^ their trading operations, they can, thanks to the rapidity of oam- 
 munications, arrange for the settling of their accounts with their consti- 
 tuents in such a manner as to greatly facilitate their business. 
 
 The people of Chekiang do better still; they come to Shanghae;to 
 make their purchases, and- do so from the importers themselves; it is for 
 this reason that the hongs have benefitted but little or nothing by the 
 busriness which has been lost by foreigners at NingpOi Every day a 
 steamer leaves the one port for the other, and carries the native deaJer for 
 11 dollars, 3 dollars for the round trip. Some small money spenb at 
 Shanghae, he has no other expenses^ and he thus saves the commission he 
 formerly paid. This new system may appear incomipatible with the natural 
 dilatoriiiess of a Ghiuaman ; but thougli indolent and weak where other 
 people's interests are at stake, the same man is full of ardour when his 
 own are. coneerned,. and docs not think of trouble ; many a very uich. 
 merchant never rests, he travels continually, passing, from a large into a 
 small boat, and living as frugally as the servant who accompanies him. 
 The precision and rapidity of steam navigation will soon cause the prosaic 
 maxim " Time is money " to pass, little by little, into the " flowery 
 language ;" old men must aliteady recognise the fact that in their time 
 people were not so hurried. The disappearance of the prejudice against 
 the use of steamers' from all classes of native society, is the most patent 
 evidence of the progress resulting to China from her contact with foreigners. 
 Graduates going to- Peking for their examination; mandarins, decorated 
 with buttons of every colour rejoining their ports — all refuse to travel by 
 any other conveyance but the " ships with fire wheels ;" and the time when 
 China will have her own steamers,, and will learn, to build and manage 
 them, is already spoken of. 
 
 Smnmamf. 
 
 A few woj'ds more to recapitulate this too long report. The state of 
 Shanghae, it must be confessed, was not atone time very assuring. Its 
 prosperity has passed a,way was the cry ; its merchants who appeared to be 
 so clever were merely rash men, whose credit rested on no solid basis ;.,its 
 trade no longer exists; the good understanding formerly prevailing has 
 been replaced by deep rooted quarrels ;. its administration has incurred 
 debts, which it is unable to pay, and every one holds himself aloof from it,. 
 
 What do. we see at the end of 1865 ? The municipal councils, whose 
 authority was confirmed by the decision of the tribunals, have recalled 
 dissentients to order (they were it is true but few in number}.; placed 
 financial matters on a proper footing, and restored; public confidence ; 
 meetings have resumed that conciliatory tone which rendered them, so 
 worthy of admiration. Public worlts,, although necessarily fewer in number, 
 have however been marked, and have satisfied general demands. Several 
 private, enterprizes, such as a theatre and gas, give to the settlements a 
 daily increasing, resemblance to a European town. The Chinese population, 
 diminished in a day by emigration, has commenced a gradual growth, 
 attracted by j ust and wise measures. 
 
 From a commercial point of view, it is true, the condition of Shanghae 
 is no longer the same. From causes already enumerated, many have 
 disa,ppeared from the scene ; and the losses by speculations have opened 
 peoples' eyes, and. put a stop to the fictitious animation of preceeding years.. 
 
 1 2 
 
142 CHINA, 
 
 The effect produced upon foreign houses is also the same Las" that upon 
 native hongs; their number is more considerable; henceforward more time 
 and more work will be requisite to acquire the profits of bygone days. 
 But, putting aside private interests, we have seen that commerce as a 
 whole has projiressed onwards, nor is there any reason to be surprised at 
 this result. Situated as Shanghae is, near the silk districts, and connected 
 with them by magnificent canals, occupying on the coast a central posi- 
 tion, which necessarily makes it a general entrep6t for the ports of 
 the Yang-tze, of the north, of Ningpo, and of Japan, trade made by 
 foreigners has a vitality of its own, and rests upon such foundations that 
 progress it must, whereas, in second rate ports, it would decrease and be 
 absorbed by native hongs. A crisis, however terrible it might be, could 
 not therefore deprive this port of its title of " the commercial capital of 
 China;" nor will the cosmopolitan republic of the settlements, thanks to 
 the good sense and practical spirit of its citizens, ever cease to merit the 
 appellation (disputed at one time) of " model settlements." 
 
 (Signed) P. GIQUEL, Lieutenant de Vaisseau, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Commissioner of Customs. 
 
 Inspector-General of Customs. 
 
 Commerce d'Amoy pendant V Annie 1865. 
 
 Bureau des Douanes Marttimes, 
 M. rinspecteur-General, Amoy, 31 Janvier, 1866. 
 
 En conformite de vos instructions, jai I'honneur de vous adresser un 
 Rapport sur le commerce du port d'Amoy pendant Tannic 6coulee de 
 1865. 
 
 Lorsque I'annie derniere a la mSme epoque vous re^eviez, M. I'lnspec- 
 teur, les relev6s statistiques (" Returns ") du trafic de ce port, une partie 
 considerable de la contree, dans son voisinage, etait en 6tat d'anarchie. 
 Une cite importante, Chan-chaou-fou, qui constituait un des ses plus 
 grands marches, fut au pouvoir des rebelles " Tchan Mao," et la ville 
 d'Amoy elle-meme, menac^e de leur invasion, fiit en proie II des inquie- 
 tudes et alarmes qui paralysaient les afiaires et arretaient les transactions 
 commerciales. 
 
 Mon honorable predecesseur, Mr. Hughes, en vous pr6sentant 
 M. rinspecteur, son Rapport sur le commerce de I'annee ecorilee, vous 
 faisait remarquer que jusqu'k la prise en Octobre 1864 par les rebelles, de 
 Chang-fu-t'sei, la prosp€rite commerciale d'Amoy depuis plusieurs ann6es 
 consecutives allait croissant, et qu'il y avait lieu d'esperer qu'apres le 
 retablissement de la paix et la retour de la sdcurite, son commerce repren- 
 drait bientot son etat normal et sa marche progressive. 
 
 II est, M. rinspecteur, satisfaisant de constater que ses esperances 
 semblant d6ja Itre realisees en grande partie aujourd'hui. 
 
 En effet, depuis la d61ivrance en Avril dernier de Chan-chow-fou, 
 depuis que les rebelles ont evacu6 ses districts avoisinants dans la province 
 de Fo-kien, le trafic d'Amoy a repris sa marche ascendante, comme il 
 pent etre constat^ par les r^leves trimestriels des revenus des douanes 
 ci-aprds. 
 
 Taels. 
 IrTrimestre .. .. .. 87,899 
 
 2d „ .. .. .. 98,188 
 
 3d „ .. .. .. 117,095 
 
 4d „ .. ., ,. 168,854 — ou a peu de chose 
 
 pres environ le double du premier Trimestre. 
 
APOiMUlX 143 
 
 Ceci 6tabli, j'aurai maintenant, M. I'lnspecteur, Thonneur de vous 
 sonmeUre un aper^u sommaire sur divers chapitres qui composent les 
 relev6s statistiques, en consignant quelques remarques y relatives. 
 
 I. — Mouvement du Port. — Tonnage. 
 
 1865. Navives entres dans le port . 802 jaugeant ensemble . 276,319 tonneaux. 
 1864. „ „ . 661 „ . 210,539 „ 
 
 141 navires entres . 66,280 ,, 
 
 en plus, sur I'annee 1864. 
 
 1865. — Pour les navires sortis du port, il y a une augmentation de 
 125 navires, jaugeant 70,693 tonneaux. Le mouvement general du port 
 pendant I'ann^e 1865 se resume en 1,582 navires tant entres qu'exp6di6s 
 du port. Ce nombre comprend 266 bateaux a vapeur, dont il convient de 
 dire quelques mots. , 
 
 En outre des bateaux h, vapeur qui sont arrives accidentellement des 
 autres ports, il y a eu, pendant I'annee 1865, une circulation constante et 
 r6guUere de six steamers — trois appartenant fi la Compagnie Peninsulaire 
 et Orientale, et trois a Mr. Lapraik, qui fasaient le trajet aller et retour 
 entre Hong Kong et Fout-cheou, avec I'escale sur Swatow et Amoy. C'est 
 par ces steamers que se fit presque la totality d'importation d'opium dans 
 ce port, comme aussi une certaine partie du commerce des cotes (" coast 
 trade "). 
 
 I/annee ^coulee a 6t6 malheureuse pour deux de ces steamers, •' Corea" 
 et " Chanticleer," perdus corps et bien, au mois de Juin, dans untyphon 
 entre Hong Kong et Swatow. 
 
 Un troisieme, " Pootung," a 6t6 confisqu6 par le Gouvernement Chinois 
 pour commerce illegal dans un port non ouvert par les Traites aux pavil- 
 ions Strangers. 
 
 II. — Importations. 
 
 La valeur des importations (en chififres ronds) se resume comme 
 suit : — 
 
 Les produits etrangers venant des ports stranger 
 
 repr^sentent 
 Opium . . 
 
 Produits indigenes, ports de Chine 
 Produits Strangers „ 
 
 Ensemble . 
 Biles etaient en 1864 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 5,870,462 
 
 3,060,550 
 
 3,760,231 
 
 283,481 
 
 12,954,714 
 9,419,625 
 
 Ce qui fait . . . . . . 3,555,099 d'augmentation 
 
 surl'annfe 1864. Elle n'etait pour cette derniere comparativement a 1863 que 
 d'environ #1,000,000. 
 
 L' augmentation de 3.555,099 dollars de I'annee derniere est due 
 d'abord it I'augmentation dans I'importation du riz qui a 6t6 plus de cinq 
 fois plus considerable que dans I'annee 1864, et qui a eu pour cause le 
 deficit dans les recoltes, en consequence de la fuite des populations rurales 
 et de la devastation des campagnes pendant la presence des rebelles dans 
 les contrees voisines de ce port. 
 
 Elle est due ensuite a une importation plus considerable d'opium. 
 Depuis I'ouverture au commerce Stranger des ports de Formosa, le marche 
 d'Amoy les approvisionne dans une certaine mesurc de ce narcotique et 
 pent en expliquer I'augmentation. 
 
14.4 CHINA. 
 
 Ci-dessus un Tableau coraparatif des principanx oibjets d'importation : — 
 
 Denomination, des Produits. 
 
 1864. 
 
 186&. 
 
 Augmentation. 
 
 Diminution. 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Opium 
 
 4,774 
 
 5,156 
 
 382 
 
 
 Cottonades (cotton yarn) . 
 
 3,205 
 
 3,936 
 
 731 
 
 
 Lainages (cotton pieces) . . 
 
 65,230 
 
 88,643 
 
 23,413 
 
 
 Coton . 
 
 42,415 
 
 46,377 
 
 3,962 
 
 
 Metaux 
 
 27,501 
 
 15,259 
 
 , , 
 
 12,242 
 
 Tourteaux d'engi-ais (bean cakes) . . 
 
 306,129 
 
 265,601 
 
 
 41,128 
 
 Haricots et pois (beans and peas)' . . 
 
 202,124 
 
 187,569 
 
 
 14,615 
 
 Riz (rice) 
 
 150,814 
 
 822,546 
 
 671,732 
 
 
 iVoraent (wheat) 
 
 7,312 
 
 84,137 
 
 76,825 
 
 
 III. — JExportations. 
 La valeurdes expoilations se resume conime suit : — 
 
 Exportations generales pour les 
 
 ports etrangers 
 Ports de la Chine 
 
 Ensemble . . 
 Ellas etaient pour 1864 
 
 Dollars. 
 I,606i844 
 1,092,514 
 
 2,699,358 
 
 3,773,811. Ce.qui fait pour 1865. 
 
 1,074,453 de diminntion sur I'annee 1864. 
 
 Cette diminution r^sulte de la quantite specialement moins considerable 
 des sucres et thes. 
 
 Un tableau comparatif ci-apres des principaux produits d'exportation 
 fait voir la diiference entre 1864 et 1865. 
 
 Denomination des Produits. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Augmentation. 
 
 Dimiiiutioa* 
 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 Piculs. 
 
 The' 
 
 53,6.32 
 
 43,742 
 
 , , 
 
 9,890 
 
 Sucres . 
 
 128,677 
 
 51,317 
 
 ,. 
 
 , 77,3SO 
 
 Nankins 
 
 2,454 
 
 2,016 
 
 
 438 
 
 Papier, Ire et 2de qualite . 
 
 22,249 
 
 24,808 
 
 2,859 
 
 , . 
 
 Medecines 
 
 1,959 
 
 1,609 
 
 
 350 
 
 Fers .. 
 
 6,257 
 
 3,561 
 
 
 2,696 
 
 Tabac, prepare . 
 
 3,264 
 
 2,747 
 
 , , 
 
 517 
 
 "Vermicelli 
 
 2,929 
 
 2,861 
 
 
 58 
 
 Or en feuilles (gold leaf) . . Pieces 
 
 51.495 
 
 16,523 
 
 
 35,175 
 
 IV. — He-expovtations. 
 Produits strangers- re-exportes dans les Dollars. 
 
 ports etrangers 
 Id. ports Chinois . . 
 ProdUits indigenes, id. 
 
 ,, ,, ports etrangers 
 
 Ensemble . . 
 
 EUes etaient en 1865 . 
 
 Ce qui fait . . 
 
 70,663 
 
 1,100,355 
 
 28,279 
 
 17,839 
 
 1,225,636 
 
 774,877 
 
 450,759 d'augmeutation en faveur de 1865. 
 
 v.: — Estimation du Traffic. 
 
 En additionnant la valeur des importations, exportationsi et re-exporta- 
 tions, on arrive a un total de 16,899,718 dollars, qui represente pour 
 I'annie 1865 la valeur generale du trafic a Araoy. 
 
APPENDIX. 145 
 
 EUe etait pour I'annee 1864 de 13,9-68,313 dollars, oe qui constitue en 
 faveur de 1865 une augmentation de 2,931,403 dollars. 
 
 VI. — Droits Fergus. 
 
 Taels m. c c. 
 Le totail .general &e& diaits 
 
 perfus en 1865 est . . 471,978 2 9 6 
 
 H etait en 1864 . . . . 474,909 4 4 
 
 Fresentatit la somme de . 2,931 5 de dinuaution £ur Taimee 1 864. 
 
 Cette diminution insignifiante peut fetre attribute specialement ,3,ux 
 circonstances locales qui ont retard^ I'exportation des tli6s a I'etranger. 
 Uue qiuantite assez considerable de la demiei-e recolte, contrairement a, ce 
 <[ui :se praifciquait les .ainB&s pp&eidewtes, ne s'expedie que dans •cette 
 saison. 
 
 L'importation considerable dn riz et autres denr6es alimentairea qui sie 
 paient pas de droits, tout en constltuant en realite I'extention du trafic, 
 explique au surplus suffisamraent la cause de la dimittation toes peu 
 importante dans les revenus de cet §tablisaement. Elle peut en moue 
 temps justifier I'assertion que si le pays environnant n'avait pas, pa*" suite 
 des troubles anarchiques, eprouve de disette, I'argent mis a, I'achat des 
 produits de premiere necessite aurait pu etre employe %. d'autres 
 transacbioDS comraerciales soumises auTC droits, et les sommes revues de 
 ce fait auraient presents lune augmentation et non une diminution en 1B65 
 surl864. 
 
 VU. — Observations et Faits. 
 
 II pent ne pas etre sans inteiSt de remarquer que la Taleur de". 
 importations, en en dednsiant I'opium des produits etrangers, et la yaleur 
 des importations et exportations des produits indigenes (native) ne presente 
 pas de difference tres notable. It est 6galement St. observer que dans le 
 port d'Amoy, les marchands chinois font dans une grande mesure les 
 affaires par eux-mimes, sans intermediaire des commer^ants -etrangers. 
 lis appr6cient sans doute chaque jour de plus I'avantage des navires 
 Europeens sur leur propres jonques, mais ils apprennent en meme temps 
 h, se passer de I'assistance des etrangers. Aussi il est a constater que, 
 malgre I'extention manifeste du trafic, la commuinaiute commenpaBte 
 Europeene non seulement n'augmente pas, mais tend meme a diminuer. 
 En effet, TaTmee derniere les deux plus importantes maisons de commerce 
 en Chine ont sopprime 'leurs agences speciales a Amoy. 
 
 La somme minime de 59 taels, 4 mace, 2 candarines, 5 cash, des 
 droits de train sk qui ne figure pas dan? les releves des droits per^us en 
 1865, presente une indication suffisante que les transactions commerciailes 
 se font generalement par des chinois. 
 
 II sepeut que la facility que leur offre 1' Administration des Douanes 
 en ice port de n'aaioir a presenter qu'en Chinois, sans eti'e traduites en 
 A-DgJais, des (demamdes de permis d'embarquement ret de debarquement de 
 lenr marchandises conlribue en une certaine mesure au mouvement des 
 affaires, en epargnant aux indigenes les embarras, perte de temps, et 
 peut-etre aussi la Cfflmmission qu'ils auraient a payer aux traducteurs. 
 
 L'admiinistration da reste, M. I'lnspecteur, entrant dans I'esprit de 
 vos instructions, offre au commerce itoutes les iacilites compatibles avec 
 les iftterets du Gouvernement Chinois. 
 
 L'annee derniere, un phare a .ete leievi sur une des iles aux frais de 
 I'etaibliEsemeiit qua en suppoicte egalement ceux de surveiMancse et'entvetien. 
 
146 CHINA. 
 
 Cette mesure, tres necessaire, vu la situation topografique du port a ete 
 refue avec satisfaction par sa communaut^ commer^ante. 
 
 Parmi ses besoins actuels, je puis vous signaler, M. I'Inspecteur, 
 I'utilite qu'il y aurait a construire dans ce port un quai avec d^barcadere 
 pour arrimage des bateaux a vapeur en meme temps que d'un hangard 
 abri pour chargement et dechargement de leurs raarchandises. Le 
 nombre de 265 steamers qui ont visite Amoy I'annee derniere, justifierait 
 les depenses qui en r^sulteraient, depenses dont une partie je pense 
 serait acceptee par les proprietaires de ceux qui font regulierement le 
 trajet antra Hong Kong, Swatow, Amoy, at Foutcheou. 
 
 VIII. — Conclusion. 
 
 En d6finitif, M. I'Inspecteur, la campagne commerciala de I'ann^e 
 derniere du port d'Anioy, considerant surtout les circonstances diplorables 
 ou il se trouvait h la fin de 1864 et au commencement de 1865, et que j'ai 
 eu I'honneur de vous signaler au debut de mon rapport, peut etre envisag6e 
 comme satisfaisante et se resume ainsi : 
 
 Importations. — 12,974,724. 9. 7. piastres Mexicaines, Equivalent a 
 4*. 6d. per 1 dollar, a 2,919,318/. 2*. 4rf., sterling. 
 
 Eipportations. — 2,699,358 piastres Mexicaines, — a 607,355?. 1*. Id., 
 sterling. Ensemble, 15,674,082 dollars, equivalent 3,526,668/. 3s, 5d., 
 ou 88,166,700 francs (25 francs une livre sterling). 
 
 Droits Percus. — Haequan 471,978 taels, 2 mace, 9 candarines, 6 cash, 
 Equivalent 162,242/. sterling, equivalent 4,056,050 francs. 
 
 Ces resultats continuent la marche progressive du commerce des 
 quatre annees pr6cedentes, a commencer de 1862, la premiere de 
 I'installation a Amoy da I'administration des douanes sous la direction de 
 rinspectorat Europ6en. 
 
 Daignez agreer, je vous pria, M. I'Inspecteur General, I'expression de 
 ma consideration la plus distinguee, 
 
 (Signg) C. KLECZKOWSKI, 
 
 M. Robert Hart, Le Directeur. 
 
 Inspecteur-General das Douanes. 
 
 Report on the Trade at the Port of ChinJciang for the Year 1864. 
 
 Office of Maritime Customs, 
 Sir, dhin/ciang, April 30, 1865. 
 
 Grkat expectations had been formed that the trade of this port would 
 derive a considerable impetus from the captuie of Nankin in the summer 
 of 1864, and various efforts have been made to foster and develop this 
 tendency as well on the part of foreign merchants interested in the port 
 ■who have proposed the erection of a wharf for steamers to discharge 
 alongside, — a scheme which, although rejected for the present by the 
 land-renters, will ultimately have to be adopted as a public necessity, as 
 by, the Chinese Government, who have been engaged in deepening the 
 outlet of the Imperial canal adjoining the foreign settlement, so as to 
 aiford direct communication with Soochow from the Yang-tze river. 
 
 Some distrust seems to prevail amongst those of the land-owners 
 resident at Shanghae, but far from being shared in by thair representatives 
 here, as to whether the trade to be derived from the execution of these - 
 and similar public works, would enhance the value of their property in 
 anything like a fair proportion to the outlay incurred in building a public ^ 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 147 
 
 Jetty ^r^&teamecs. >iBut.£UEely^l the consideKations ..that induced .them 
 tO'-puMtdbase iland so extenswtely thriee years ago, cannot have become so 
 reversed in application as to cause them to desist from all eflforts to 
 preserve their pri^erty and to reject such a proposal as the erection of a 
 steam swharf so .calculated toj'ender it generally remunerative. 
 
 The trade attthis port isifar from I being so insignificant as is generiQly 
 supposed. Widi an import (trade of from 1 ,0D0 to .2,000 chests of opium 
 annoaiHy, and Hanfcow produce arriving to the extent of (nearly 100,000 
 .picifls deadwei^t jluriiig .the .yeaz. Jaisiga propesty -here ought to he 
 saluablfi,; but irjom the vary cincumstance of nearly all the land along 
 ihexiver frontag-e andagreat .portion of the ruined but once populous 
 suburhs of 'the , city lining the ibants oif the Imperial, canal adjoining the 
 settlement, being the property of foreigners, instead of instilling a vitality 
 to .the placQ, seems to cripple and'hamper its development, owing .to tlieir 
 ;Tiot iaking lany steps to render the settlement available ,for landing and 
 .storing .goods, and thereby attracting .the native dealers to the place. 
 
 There is as yet no great demand for foreign goods, with the exception 
 of the opium above-mentioned,; but from .the sltuaiion of Chinkiang dt 
 the itttersection of .the Imperial canal on the iTlght bank of the Yang-tze 
 jiver, with the northern .branch of the canal on the opposite shore 
 communicating with the wealthy districts to the north of the city of 
 .Uang-chow, and commanding the internal trade of several provinces, this 
 port must be considered to possess many natural advantages. The other 
 articles imported frnm Shanghae are limited to 2,000 piculs of sandalwood, 
 .about ,8,0D0 piculs of cSwatow and Manila sugar, and in .piece goods to 
 3,000 pieces of grey and white shirtings. 
 
 The trade in Hankow produce supplies the steamers viifh considerable 
 freight, asithey often (diaehargie from 2,000 to. 3,000 packages each trip of 
 oil, tallow, -and .tobacco. 
 
 The exports of copper cash to the upper river ports, amounting to 
 113,000 piculs, also contribute largely to the steamer traffic on the river, 
 where it is used in the purchase of teas. 
 
 During the year now under review, similar large quantities of oil, 
 tallow, and paper were imported from Hankow as in the previous year, 
 but these quantities have been greatly exceeded during the four months 
 of the year 1865 already elapsed, showing an elasticity that has only 
 declared itself since the close of last year. The following being the 
 principal items : — 
 
 Wood oil 
 Tallow, vegetable 
 Hemp . 
 Leaf tobacco 
 Prepared tobacco 
 Paper, inferior . . 
 
 Piculs 
 
 Year 186,'?. 
 
 29,301 
 
 9,875 
 
 545 
 
 4,834 
 
 3,552 
 
 10,794 
 
 Year 1864. 
 
 26,323 
 
 10,043 
 
 8,641 
 
 6,028 
 
 5,860 
 
 11,735 
 
 To April 30, 
 1865. 
 
 28,855 
 8,429 
 6,062 
 2,261 
 1,105 
 1,369 
 
 In foreign goods and sugar imported from Shanghae, a similar 
 improvement for the four months, to 30th April 1865, is noticeable. 
 
 [167] 
 
 M 
 
148 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 Grey shirtings . . 
 
 White shirtings . 
 
 Opium 
 
 Sugar, brown, foreign 
 I, „ native 
 
 ,, white, native 
 
 Pieces 
 Piculs 
 
 Year 1863. 
 
 550 
 
 2,550 
 
 600 
 
 400 
 
 Year 1864. 
 
 2,050 
 863 
 1,716 
 2,536 
 - 3,588 
 1,969 
 
 To April 30, 
 1865. 
 
 3,478 
 2,647 
 1,300 
 804 
 3,728 
 1,970 
 
 Some silk piece goods are exported hence to Hankow, a description 
 of which, a kind of satinet, used to be manufactured only at Chinkiang, 
 and the weavers who migrated to the northern shore of the Yang-tze, are 
 now returning since the dispersion af the rebels. 
 
 A large Government salt dep6t is being constructed, while a deep 
 cutting, especially for salt boats, has been made leading into the Imperial 
 canal from the northern bank of the river, which will attract some 
 additional business to the port. 
 
 The Chinese authorities attach great importance to this place, and are 
 confident that the trade will revive so soon as the country population are 
 able to reap a harvest or two from fields now only being brought into 
 re-cultivation. Canal dredging is being conducted in every direction, and 
 one is shortly to be excavated that leads to districts to the back of Nankin 
 whence tea is obtainable. 
 
 These inland canals are said to be a great saving in getting supplies 
 conveyed up the country, as the current in the main river is too strong in 
 summer for ordinary boats. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 (Signed) CHARLES A. LORD, 
 
 To Robert Hart, Esq., Acting Commissioner of Customs, 
 
 [nspector-General of Customs. 
 
CHINA. No. 5 (1874). 
 
 RETURNS 
 
 BEIAXIVE TO 
 
 TEADE WITH CHINA: 
 
 1873. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament hy Command of Her Majesty. 
 
 July 1874. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 FEINTED BY HAERISON A.ND SONS. 
 
 1874. 
 
 (i 
 
CHINA. No. 5 (1874). 
 
 RETURNS 
 
 BEtATIVE TO 
 
 TEADE WITH CHINA: 
 
 1873. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 
 ~ July 1874. 
 
 LONDON : 
 FEINTED BY HAERISON AND SONS. 
 
 1874. 
 
 (i 
 
TABLE OE.GOFIiENTS. 
 
 f* ■ __ ., 1 
 
 Amoy ' .. •• ■• " ' __ ..5 
 
 Canton . . • • • ■ * ' " _ _ . . 8 
 
 Chefoo . . • • • • • * " " _ . . 11 
 
 Foochowfoc . ■ • • ' " " . . 14 
 
 Hankow .• •• •• " " ..17 
 
 Kewkiang .. •• ■• •' " __ ,.20 
 
 Newchwang . •• •• •• " .,24 
 
 Ningpo .. •• •■ " " *" _ ,.27 
 
 Swatow .» •• •' •' " _ ,.30 
 
 Taiwan «• •• "• " " ,.33 
 
 ■Tientsin <• •• •• " " 
 
Returns relative to Trade with China .- 1873. 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 '(A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Atnoy in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 2,231,648 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,. 1,359,018 
 
 Total 
 
 3,590,666 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports , . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 168,377 
 143,702 
 
 £ «. d. 
 161,557 
 118,228 
 
 £ s. d. 
 329,934 
 261,930 
 
 Total.. 
 
 312,079 
 
 279,785 
 
 591,864 
 
 No. 3. — DiRECT^Trade with Foreign Countries ^excluding Treasure),* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imparts .. .. .. .. 1,443,847 
 
 Exports ,. .. 784,574 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 2,228,421 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure), 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports ., .. .. .. 787,801 
 
 Exports •> •• •■ ' 
 
 Total .. 
 
 574,444 
 1,362,245 
 
 [400] 
 
 B 2 
 
2 
 
 GHIITA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Forts, without 
 distiaction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Observations. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 17,949 
 769,852 
 
 £ 
 45,138 
 529,306 
 
 £ 
 63,087 
 1,299,158 
 
 The foreign import is opium. 
 Tlie foreign export is tea. 
 
 Total .. 
 
 787,801 
 
 574,444 
 
 11,362,245 
 
 There is no return of other 
 imports or exports. 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of Amoji 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,067,134 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 264,051 
 
 Total ,. .. ., .. 1,331,185 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2,— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 1,010,827 
 Nil 
 56,307 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 5,550 
 173,717 
 
 Nil 
 84,784 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 5,550 
 
 1,184,544 
 
 NU 
 
 141,091 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,067,134 
 
 264,051 
 
 1,331,185 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports , . 
 Exports , . 
 
 Total 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 .. 384,296 
 
 .. 283,875 
 
 ^. 668,171 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 The only import of British origin of which there is a return is opium. See Table A, 5. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
AMOY. 
 
 'No. 6.-^Heturn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great : 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ s. d. 
 166,571 
 
 £ «. d. 
 161,557 
 
 £ i. d. 
 328,128 
 
 Total . . 
 
 166,571 
 
 161,557 
 
 328,128 
 
CHINA. 
 
 B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of Canton. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (exchiding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 £ 
 1,881,969 
 3,061,091 
 
 Total.. .. .. .. .. 4,943,060 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag, 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 ritish Isles .. 
 ongKong 
 
 idia 
 
 ther British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 1,881,969 
 
 £ 
 
 730,896 
 
 1,762,132 
 
 540,291 
 
 27,748 
 
 £ 
 730,896 
 3,644,101 
 540,291 
 
 27,748 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,881,969 
 
 3,061,067 
 
 4,943,036 
 
 'Jo. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Forts. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ 
 667,699 
 665,500 
 
 1,333,199 
 
 fo. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5.— Return of Exports destined for Great Britain. India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 irect 
 
 idirect . < 
 
 £ 
 
 885,647 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 528,240 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 1,413,887 
 No return 
 
 Total.. 
 
 885,647 
 
 528,240 
 
 1,413,887 
 
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 FOOCHOWFOO. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Foochowfoo in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1 . — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ g. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. ,. 1,338,306 18 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 3,957,587 8 
 
 Total 
 
 5,295,894 6 
 
 No, 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 1,314,045 
 
 111,645 9 
 
 £ s. d. 
 23,713 13 
 55,553 4 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,337,758 13 
 
 149,873 13 6 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,425,690 9 
 
 79,266 17 6 
 
 1,487,632 6 6 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).' 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 833,164 4 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 3,629,019 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 4,461,283 10 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 505,142 14 
 
 Exports . . 
 
 Total 
 
 328,598 2 
 833,740 16 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the Respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 105,321 6 
 399,821 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 32,079 12 
 
 296,518 10 
 
 £ a. d. 
 137,400 18 
 696,339 18 
 
 Total . . 
 
 505,142 14 
 
 328,598 2 
 
 833,740 16 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 CHAS. A. SINCLAIR, Consul. 
 
14 
 
 HANKOW. 
 
 (A.)— Retdkn of the Trade of the Port of Hankow in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 & I. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 6,087,033 18 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 5,918,859 12 
 
 Total 
 
 12,005,893 10 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total, 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from natire portsi 
 
 1,052,841 6 
 
 £ 
 437,403 
 
 £ «. 
 1,490,244 6 
 
 Total 
 
 1,052,841 6 
 
 437,403 
 
 1,490,244 6 
 
 Includes copper cash, 165,049i. 4». 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . . 2,882 2 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,323,578 14 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,326,460 16 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. 
 Imports .. .. ., .. .. 6,084,151 4 
 
 Exports .. .. ., ., .. 4,595,280 18 
 
 Total 
 
 10,679,432 2 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native , . 
 
 £ 3. 
 
 328,280 10 
 
 2,855,870 14 
 
 £ s. 
 
 41,741 14 
 
 4,553,539 4 
 
 £ s. 
 3,270,022 4 
 7,409,409 18 
 
 Total 
 
 6,084,151 4 
 
 4,595,280 18 
 
 10,679,432 2 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 J. P. HUGHES, Consul. 
 
HANKOW, 
 
 15 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of 
 
 Hankow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. 
 Imports ,. .. ., .. 2j882 2 
 
 Exports .. ., .. .. .. 1,005,082 10 
 
 Total ,. .. .. .. 1,007,964 12 
 
 * Including the trade vpith Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . , . . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ s. 
 
 2,704 10 
 
 177 12 
 
 £ s. 
 1,005,082 10 
 
 £ s. 
 
 1,007,787 
 
 177 12 
 
 Total 
 
 2,882 2 
 
 1,005,082 10 
 
 1,007,964 12 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ a. 
 Imports ,. .. .. .. .. 1,561,269 6 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,226,295 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 2,727,564 6 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 Value of imports (opium, grey shirtings, &c.) .. 1,707,111 6 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of exports (tea) .. .. .. .. 1,460,997 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports, 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect ., 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 No Return 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 No Return. 
 
 £ 
 
 Na 
 
 No Return 
 
 Total 
 
 •■ 
 
 •• 
 
 • • 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 P. J. HUGHES, Consul. 
 
 [400] 
 
16 
 
 CHItrA. 
 
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17 
 
 KEWKIANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Kewkiang in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports ., ., .. .. 1,181,877 6 8 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. .. 2,870,878 6 8 
 
 Total .. .. ., .. 4,052,755 13 4 
 
 7,475?. of nati7e and foreign re-exported imports are included in both imports 
 and exports. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 544,819 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 112,445 6 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 657,264 6 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 544,819 
 
 112,445 6 8 
 
 657,264 6 8 
 
 No. 3.— -Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure). 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 .Exports 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1.181.877 6 8 
 
 2.870.878 6 8 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 4,052,755 13 4 
 
 7,475/. of native and foreign re-exported imports are included in both imports 
 and exports. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 Approximate. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 977,988 13 4 
 203,888 13 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2,500,000 
 
 370,878 6 8 
 
 £ s. a. 
 
 3,477,988 13 4 
 574,767 
 
 Totals . . 
 
 1,181,877 6 8 
 
 2,873,870 6 8 
 
 4,052,755 13 4 
 
 Kewkiang, January 1, 1874. 
 
 (Signed) WALTER ED. KING, Vice-Consul. 
 
 C 2 
 
18 CHINA, 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873, at the Port of 
 Kewkiang. 
 
 No. 1.-^ Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 & s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 163,662 6 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 937,398 6 8 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,101,060 13 4 
 
 No, 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports . .. .. .. .. 875,000 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports; under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and Britisli Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 All Treasure came from other Treaty Ports ; whether indirect or no is not known. 
 
 Kewkiang, January 1, 1874. 
 
 (Signed) WALTER ED. KING, Vice-Consul. 
 
K.BWKIANG. 
 
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 NEWCHWANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Newchwang in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreigfn Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,003,849 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 497,817 
 
 Total. 
 
 1,501«666 
 
 After deduction of all re-.expCM't^ 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from, foreign; ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 1,258 
 
 12,898 
 
 £ 
 15,729 
 298,854 
 
 £ 
 16,687* 
 311,752 
 
 Total . . 
 
 , 14,156 
 
 314,583 
 
 328,739t 
 
 * To and fiova. Hong Kong. • 
 
 iv Only an approximation, as no return kept hj Custom House. 
 
 No. 3.-^Direct Trade with. Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).'!' 
 
 £ 
 Imports ... ,. .. .. .. 63^311 
 
 Exports ... .. .. .. .. 145,152 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 208,463 
 
 Less re-exports. More than Customs return of " Trade from and to foreign countries," 
 by, amount of native goods to and from Hong Kong. 
 
 t Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4, — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .• 940,538 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. ■• 352,665 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 1,293,203 
 
 Less re-exports. Less than Customs' return of " Trade Coastwise," by amount of. 
 native goods to and from Hong Kong. . 
 
ITE-WCHWANG. 
 
 21 
 
 '■No.'S.—RETtTRN distinguishmg "the i respective Amounts of Foreigii' and 
 Native Trade in -Foreign A''eBS6ls witli other Treaty) Ports,^ without 
 distinction of Flag, forming tlie Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign . . . , 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 685,915 
 254,623 
 
 £ 
 about 1,887* 
 350,778 
 
 £ 
 687,802 
 605,401 
 
 Total. 
 
 , 940,538 
 
 352^665 
 
 1,293,203 
 
 * Exports ultimately destined, for foreign consumption are insignificant and difficult 
 to trace — chiefly oil for Ji^an and Hong:'Kong,iand a, little .^vrool and camels' hair for 
 England. 
 
 (Signed) ALEX. S. HARV.EY, Acting Consul. 
 
 Newchwdng, January 25, 1874. 
 
 (B.)— RiETURN of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of 
 Newchwang. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. "62^270 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. .136,518 
 
 .Total .. .> . .. ,. , .. 198,788 
 
 This includes whole trade^ hoth in foreign and native goods, vith HongtKong. 
 * Including trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total, 
 
 British Isles ., . 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India* 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 (Singapore and Straits), . 
 
 £ 
 62^257 
 
 13 
 
 £ 
 136^518 
 
 £ 
 198,775 
 
 13 
 
 Total . . 
 
 62,270 
 
 136,518 
 
 198,788 
 
 * Opium comes through Shanghae, &c. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. •• •• 667,182 
 
 Exports 123,947 
 
 Total 
 
 791,129 
 
 Less than amount shown in Customs return of "Trade coastwise," which includes 
 native goods to and from Hong Kong. 
 
22 
 
 CEIKA. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports. . .. .. .. .. 626,572 
 
 Total foreign goods from other Treaty ports .. .. 685,915 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 About .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,258 
 
 Oil for Hong Kong and a little wool and camels' hair for England. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies, 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 1,258 
 1,887 
 
 £ 
 15,729 
 31,458 
 
 £ 
 16,987* 
 33,345 
 
 Total.. 
 
 3,145 
 
 47,187 
 
 50,332t 
 
 * To and from Hong Kong. 
 + Only an approximation, as no return is kept by the Custom-house. 
 
 (Signed) ALEX. S. HARVEY, Acting Consul. 
 
 Newchwang, January 25, 1874. 
 
NEWCHWANG. 
 
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24 
 
 NINGPO. 
 
 (A.) — Heturn of the Trade of the Port of Ningpo in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 2,U1.219 13 4 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,434,696 
 
 Total 
 
 4,875,974 13 4 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 336,428 6 8 
 
 £ s.d. 
 
 Nil 
 468,650 13 4 
 
 £ 1. d. 
 Nil 
 805,079 
 
 Total . . 
 
 336,428 6 8 
 
 468,650 13 4 
 
 805,079 
 
 'No. 3.-?-DrRECT Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . . , , , . . . . . . 651,343 13 4 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. ... .. 76,814 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 728,156 13 4 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — 'Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure), 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,789,937 
 
 Exports . . ■ . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 2,357,881 
 4,147,818 
 
 No. 5.— Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of 'Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 1,241,220 
 
 548,717 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 2,357,881 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,241,220 
 2,906,598 
 
 Total 
 
 l,789j937 
 
 2,357,881 
 
 4,147,818 
 
NINGPO. 25 
 
 (B.)"-Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of Ningpo. 
 
 ;No. 1. — Value "of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)*! under any Flag. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. ,.. .. 646,981 13 4 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,.. ., 75,669 13 4 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. 722,651 6 8 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Nil 
 
 630,155 13 4 
 
 4,929 13 4 
 
 11,896 6 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 iNU 
 75,669 13 4 
 
 Nil 
 NU 
 
 £ >. d. 
 NU 
 705,825 6 8 ; 
 4,929-13 4 
 11,896 6 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 646,981,13 4 
 
 75,669 13 4 
 
 722,651 6 8 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 120,301 13 4 
 
 112;926 13 4 
 
 233,228 6 8 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag 
 
 [No Return.! 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
26 
 
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27 
 
 SWATOW. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Swatow in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels fexcludino' 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . , . . , . . . 3,404,269 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,746,454 
 
 Total 
 
 Re-exports not included. 
 
 5,150,723 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 —Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ 
 20,285 
 171,829 
 
 £ 
 751,313 
 77,303 
 
 771,598 
 249,132 
 
 Total 
 
 192,114 
 
 828,616 
 
 1,020,730 
 
 All in Mexican dollars. 1 dollar = 4s. id. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,192,196 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 367,486 
 
 Total . 
 
 2,^59,682 
 
 Re-exports not included. 
 * Including trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,212,073 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,378,968 
 
 Total 
 
 2,591,041 
 
 Re-exports not included. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 2,203 
 1,209,870 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,378,968 
 
 £ 
 
 2,203 
 2,588,838 
 
 Total 
 
 1,212,073 
 
 1,378,968 
 
 2,591,041 
 
 Note.— £1 = 4 '705 dollars = 3 taels. 
 (Signed) R. L. FORREST, Acting Consul. 
 
 Swatow, Fehmary 9, 1874. 
 
28 CHINl.. 
 
 (B,)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of Swatow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ,. .. ., 2,103,765 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 181,711 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,285,476 
 
 This is the gross total. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 ■ 2,096,70'8 
 7,057 
 
 £ 
 
 150,596 
 
 31,145 
 
 £ 
 2,247,304 
 38,172 
 
 Total 
 
 2,103,765 
 
 181,711 
 
 2,285,476 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Tvade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ., .. .. .. 469,226 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 378,697 
 
 847,923 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports . . . . . . . . . . 2,021 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined, for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No, 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 20,285 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 751,313 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 771,598* 
 Nil 
 
 Total 
 
 20,285 
 
 751,313 
 
 771,598 
 
 * All from and to Hong Kong. 
 
 (Signed) R. L. FORREST, Acting Consul. 
 
 Swatow, February 9, 1874. 
 
SWATOW. 
 
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30 
 
 TAIWAN. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Taiwan in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ., .. .. 308,614 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 305,595 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. .. 614,209 
 
 Re-exports, amount 11,382/., are not deducted from imports, but not included ia 
 exports. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 —Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 15,094 
 60,462 
 
 £ 
 
 3,773 
 '46,780 
 
 £ 
 
 18,867 
 107,242* 
 
 Total . . 
 
 75,556 
 
 50,553 
 
 126,109 
 
 * I 
 
 ncludes copper casli, value 3,990/. 
 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure) 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 126,075 
 
 Exports ,. .. .. ,. .. 148,353 
 
 Total .. .. .. ,. .. 274,428 
 
 Imports include 2,735/, of Chinese produce from Hong Kong. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 182,539 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 157,242 
 
 Total 
 
 339,781 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 J64,241 
 
 18,298 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 or uncertain 
 
 157,242 
 
 £ 
 164,241 
 
 175,540 
 
 Total... 
 
 182,539 
 
 157,242 
 
 339,781 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 WM. GREGORY, Consul officiating. 
 
TAIWAN. 
 
 31 
 
 (15.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of Taiwan. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain aud British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 121,764 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 42,691 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 164,455 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Observations. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong , . 
 
 India.. 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 121,764 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 5,662 
 
 Nil 
 
 37,029 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 127,426 
 
 Nil 
 
 37,029 
 
 Sugar to Australia. 
 
 Total .. 
 
 121,764 
 
 42,691 
 
 164,455 
 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 103,649 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 42,467 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 146,116 
 
 The exports do not include re-exports (treasure excluded). 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of Imports .. .. .. .. 128,865 
 
 No. 5,— Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [Nil, so far as known.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Observations. 
 
 Direct. . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 15.094 
 
 No return 
 
 £. 
 3,773 
 
 No return 
 
 £. 
 18,867 
 
 No return 
 
 From and to Hong 
 Kong. 
 
 Total . . 
 
 15,094 
 
 3,773 
 
 18,867 
 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 WM. GREGORY, Consul officiating. 
 
32 
 
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33 
 
 TIENTSIN. 
 
 <A0— Return of the Trade of the Port of Tientsin in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1873. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . 5,483,321 14 0. 
 
 Exports . .. .. ,. .. 417,921 18 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. 5,901,243 12 
 
 Re-exports (here equal to 40,490?. 9s.) included throughout these Tables in both 
 imports and exports ; and taels converted into sterling at 6*. per tael. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 i Exports, 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 385,806 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 1,259,295 12 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Nil 
 1,645,101 12 
 
 Total . . 
 
 385,806 
 
 1,259,295 12 
 
 1,645,101 12 
 
 Nearly all carried in British and American steamers. 
 
 No. 3, — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ *. d. 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . 250,920 6 
 
 Exports. .. .. .. .. 10,8?2 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 261,792 12 
 
 H&-exportS: equal- to 234?. 19ft 
 
 Imports chiefly from Hong Kong, Great Britain, and Japan. Exports chiefly 
 
 to Hong Kong. 
 
 * Including thei trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Tbade vfith other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 5,232,401 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 407,049 12 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 5,639,451 e 
 
 Re-exports equal to 40,255/. 10s. 
 Imports chiefly from, and exports chiefly to, Shanghae. 
 
34 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,778,727 4 
 2,453,674 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 35,074 16 
 
 371,974 16 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,813,802 
 2,825,649 
 
 Total . . 
 
 5,232,401 8 
 
 407,049 12 
 
 5,639,451 
 
 Exports include Russian goods, value 405/. 12s., shipped at Tientsin for 
 Shanghae. 
 
 Imports include Hankow tea, value 658,799?. 6s., entered at Tientsin for 
 Kiachta. 
 
 The ahove 658,791^ 6«. + 405?. 12s. = 659,196?. 18s., or value of Russian 
 transit trade for 1873. 
 
 (Signed) F. JMONGAN, Consul. 
 
 Tientsin, Februaiy 14, 1874. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of 
 
 Tientsin. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports.. .. .. .. .. 211,316 2 
 
 Exports. .. .. .. .. 10,608 18 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 221,925 
 
 Re-exports, 234?. 18s., all shipped to Hong Kong. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . , 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 45,069 18 
 
 165,894 12 
 
 351 12 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 81 
 
 10,527 18 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 45,150 18 
 
 176,422 10 
 
 351 12 0* 
 
 Total.. 
 
 211,316 2 
 
 10,608 18 
 
 221,925 
 
 * From Singapore and Straits Settlementa. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 .. 2,931,856 4 
 
 237,792 6 
 
 Imports . 
 Exports , 
 
 3,169,648 10 
 For total trade under British flag, see Shipping Return (C). 
 
TIENTSIN. 35 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of imports about .. .. .. ., 2,550,000 
 
 Chiefly cottons, Indian opium, and woollens from other Treaty ports and 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 (Signed) F. MONO AN, Consul. 
 
 Tientsin, February 14, 1874. 
 
^6 
 
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CHINA. No. 4 (1875). 
 
 EETUEJSrS 
 
 EEIATITE TO 
 
 TEADE WITH CHINA 
 
 1874. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty 
 
 July 1875, 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY HAERISON AND SONS. 
 
 1875. 
 
LT^T OE EETUEN^. 
 
 
 
 
 Page 
 
 Amoy . , . . , , 
 
 
 
 . 35 
 
 Canton 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Chefoo . . . . . . . . , . . 
 
 
 
 . 5 
 
 Foochow 
 
 
 
 , 38 
 
 Hankow , , , , , , , , , . . 
 
 
 
 . 8 
 
 Kewkiang .. .. .. ,. ., 
 
 
 
 . 29 
 
 NewcWang . 
 
 
 
 . 21 
 
 Ningpo . . . , . . , , 
 
 
 
 . 11 
 
 Swatow 
 
 
 
 . 25 
 
 Taiwan , . . . , . 
 
 
 
 . 14 
 
 Tamsui . . . . . , . . . . 
 
 
 
 . 32 
 
 Tien-tsin 
 
 
 
 . 17 
 
 Foreign Office, 
 
 July 15, 1875. 
 
 Note. — The Returns from Shanghae bave not yet been received. 
 
Returns relative to Trade, with China : 1874. 
 
 CANTON. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Canton in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 
 Total . 
 
 £ 
 
 .. 1,985,701 
 .. 4,672,127 
 
 -. 6,657,828* 
 
 * Includes all re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 TotaU 
 
 To and from foreign ports. . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 723,998 
 8;880 
 
 £ 
 330,919 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 1,054,917* 
 8,'880t 
 
 Total . . 
 
 732,878 
 
 330,919 
 
 1,063,797 
 
 * All Hong Kong. 
 
 t All Shanghae and Hankow. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total . 
 
 £ 
 
 899,851 
 
 3,710,619 
 
 4,610,470t 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t IJ to England and Colonies ; -^ to North America, j'^ to South America, 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 .. 1,085,850 
 961,509 
 
 Total 2,047,359* 
 
 * y of exports, -^ of imports, under British flag. 
 
 [363] 
 
 B 2 
 
CHINA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 8,395 
 1,077,455 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil* 
 
 961,509 
 
 £ 
 
 8,395 
 2,038,964 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,085,850 
 
 961,509 
 
 2,047,359 
 
 * Or very trivial. 
 (B.)— Rkturn of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of Canton. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total . 
 
 £ 
 899,851 
 3,444,569 
 
 4,344,420t 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t All imports from England and Colonies j f $ of exports to England and Colonies. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 898,581 
 Nil 
 1,270 
 
 £ 
 
 422,178 
 
 2,851,059 
 
 166,334 
 
 5,000 
 
 £ 
 
 422,178 
 
 3,749,640 
 
 166,334 
 
 6,270 
 
 Total . . 
 
 899,851 
 
 3,444,571 
 
 4,344,422* 
 
 * All imports from England and Colonies ; ff of exports to England and Colonies. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 £ 
 775,463 
 550,554 
 
 l,326,017f 
 
 * Two-thirds of the whole. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return. J 
 
CANTON. 3 
 
 No. 5.— ^Retubn of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Uetukn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies, 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 723,998 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 330,919 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 1,054,917* 
 No return 
 
 Total . . 
 
 723,998 
 
 330,919 
 
 1,054,917 
 
 * All Hong Kong. 
 
CBIKA. 
 
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CHEFOO. 
 
 ( A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Chefoo in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,974,250 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 705,811 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,680,061 
 
 Average value of Haikwan tael, during 1874, 6s. id. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports , . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 35,824 
 
 £ 
 6,334 
 927,486 
 
 £ 
 
 6,334 
 963,310 
 
 Total.. 
 
 35,824] 
 
 •933,820 
 
 969,644 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 241,895 
 
 Exports ,. .. .. .. .. 37,344 
 
 Total .. 
 * Ir 
 
 eluding tlie trade w. 
 
 th Hong Kong; 
 
 279,239 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,734,356 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 668,466 
 
 Total 
 
 2,402,822 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flig, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 l,157,i201 
 577,153 
 
 £ 
 84,190 
 584,276 
 
 £ 
 1,241,391 
 1,161,429 
 
 Total.. • .. 
 
 1,734,354 
 
 068,466 
 
 2,402,820 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 W. H. LAY, Consul. 
 
6 CHINA, 
 
 (B,)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of Chefoo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 152,317 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 25,191 
 
 Total 
 
 177,508 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ ' 
 
 39,460 
 
 107,800 
 
 Nil 
 
 5,057 
 
 £ 
 Nil 
 25,191 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 39,460 
 
 132,991 
 
 5,057 
 
 Total.. 
 
 152,317 
 
 25,191 
 
 177,508 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. ,. 935,630 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 186,439 
 
 Total 
 
 1,122,069 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,204,000 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6.^Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect , . 
 
 £ 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 630 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 630 
 
 Total . . 
 
 •• 
 
 630 
 
 630 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 W. H. LAY, Consul. 
 

 
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HANKOW. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Hankow in Foreign Vessels, 
 for the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1 — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports ., .. .. .. .. 5,112,144 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 6,111,672* 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 11,223,816 
 
 * Exports include re-exports, value 724,03U. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Ex 
 
 port of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 909,358 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 380,370 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil. 
 
 1,289,728 
 
 Total . . 
 
 909,358* 
 
 380.370 
 
 1,289,728 
 
 * Imports include copper cash, value 86,331?. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 Imports 
 
 Exports 
 
 1,685,901 
 
 Total 
 
 .. ^ .. .. .. l,685,901t 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Includes tea, value 437,377/., imported from KiuWang> and re-exported. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure), 
 
 £ 
 
 .. 5,112,144 
 .. 4,425,771 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 9,537,915 
 
 No. .5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 \ I NWive Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Expotts. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 2,970,207 
 2.141,937 
 
 £ 
 2,987,364 
 1,438,407 
 
 £ 
 5,957,571 
 3,580,344 
 
 Total . . 
 
 5,112,144 
 
 4,425,771 
 
 9,537,915 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 P. J. HUGHES, Consul. 
 
HANKOW. 
 
 (B,)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1874, at the Port of 
 
 Hankow. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direcl! Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . , . , . , . . . Nil 
 
 Exports .. ,. .. ,. .. 1,436,149 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 1,436,149 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India , . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 .. 
 
 £ 
 1,436,149 
 
 £ 
 1,436,149 
 
 Total . . 
 
 
 1,436,149 
 
 1,436,149* 
 
 * Includes tea re-exported, value 303,841?. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 .. 1,936,330 
 .. 1,322,538 
 
 Imports 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 3,258,868* 
 
 * Includes re-exports, 62,378/. 
 
 No. 4. — tlETUEN- of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 & 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,536,359* 
 
 * Cotton and woollen goods, opium, &o. 
 
 No, 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 .. 4,235,888* 
 * Ihrludes tea and Bilk re-exported, value 663,379?. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 .. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 (signed) 
 
 P. J. HUGHES, Cbiisul. 
 
10 
 
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11. 
 
 NINGPO, 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Ningpo in Foreign Vessels foi 
 
 the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 8. a. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 2,198,845 11* ^ 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,163,877 7 4* 
 
 Total . 
 
 * Excluding re- 
 
 .. 4,352,722 8 3 
 sxpoi-ts. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Nil 
 310,023 3 6 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Nil 
 555,921 7 10 
 
 £ *. d. 
 Nil 
 865,944 11 4 
 
 Total .. 
 
 310,023 3 6 
 
 555,921 7 10 
 
 865,944 U 4 
 
 No. 3.— Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 634,576 5 Of 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 2,052 1 Of 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 636,628 6 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 f Excluding re-exports. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure^. 
 
 Imports 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 1,564,208 15 11* 
 2,151,825 6 4* 
 
 3,716,094 2 3 
 
 * Excluding re-exports. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . . • . 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 1,175,016 15 10 
 
 389,252 1 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 Nil 
 2,151,825 6 4 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 1,175,016 15 10 
 2,541,077 6 5 
 
 Total ,. 
 
 1,564,268 15 11 
 
 2,151,825 6 4 
 
 3,716,094 2 3 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 ROBERT J. FORREST, 
 Acting Consul. 
 
12 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of Ningpo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flaj?. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. ,, .. .. .. 627,322 12 7 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 63,411 2 1 
 
 Totsl .. .. .. .. 69Q,733 14 8 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.^Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 616,112 13 6 
 Nil 
 12,209 19 1 
 
 ' £ s. d. 
 
 Nil 
 63,411 2 1 
 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 678,523 15 7 
 Nil 
 12,209 19 1 
 
 Total.. 
 
 627,322 12 7 
 
 63,418 2 1 
 
 690,733 14 8 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 93,777 19 7 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 113,686 6 7 
 
 Total 
 
 207,464 6 2 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag 
 
 [No Return.l 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 (Signed) . ROBERT J. FORREST, 
 
 Acting Consul. 
 
NINGPO. 
 
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TAIWAN. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Taiwan in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ,. .. 376,097 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 391,003* 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 767,100 
 
 * Re-exports, amounting to 19,3402., are not deducted from Imports, but not 
 included in Exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 70,210 
 120,961 
 
 £ 
 
 5,247 
 70,540 
 
 £ 
 191,501 
 
 Total . . 
 
 191,171 
 
 75,787 
 
 266,958 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 193,541t 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 210,946 
 
 Total .. .. .. ,. .. 404,487 
 
 * Including the trade witli Hong Kong, 
 f Imports include 4,6472. of Chinese produce from Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 182,556 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 180,057 
 
 Total .. 
 
 . . 362,613 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreifjn and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign ... 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 165,264 
 17,294 
 
 £ 
 
 4,065* 
 175,992 
 
 £ 
 169,329 
 193,284 
 
 Total . . 
 
 182,556 
 
 180,057 
 
 362,613 
 
 » To Amoy, for foreign markets ; also, a good deal of sugar shipped to North China 
 is said to have ultimately gone on to Japan. 
 
 (Signed) WM. GR'EGORY, Consul o^ciating. 
 
TAIWAN. 15 
 
 (B.'i — Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of Taiwan. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Gi-eat Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 192,158 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 62,458 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 254^617 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 192,158* 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 14,858 
 
 . Nil 
 
 47,601 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 207,016 
 
 Nil 
 
 47,601f- 
 
 Total . . 
 
 192,158 
 
 62,459 
 
 254,617 
 
 * Imports include Chinese produce, 4,647?. 
 f Sugar to Australia. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 113,695 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 44,113* 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. _ .. 157,808 
 
 * The exports do not include re-exports. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of Imports .. .. .. .. 123,838 
 
 No. 5. — ^Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. .. 324* 
 
 * Sugar vi& Amoy to London ; not including sugar vi& Amoy and Hong Kong for 
 Japan. 
 
 No. 6.— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. . 
 
 Indirect . . . . 
 
 £ 
 
 49,406 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 ■ 5,247 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 54,653 
 
 No return 
 
 Total . . 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 [363] 
 
 WM. GREGORY, Consul officiating. 
 
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17 
 
 TIEN'-TSIN. 
 
 (A ) — Keturn of the Trade of the Port of Tien-tsin in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports . . . . . . . ... 5,824,492 16 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . . 387,054 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 6,211,546 16 
 
 Re-exports (here equal to 43,3827, 2s.) included in both Imports and Exports ; and 
 taels converted into sterling at 6s. per tael. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. , 
 
 total . . 
 
 Imports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 409,164 18 
 
 409,164 18 
 
 Exports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,197,394 16 
 
 1,197,394 16 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,606,559 14 
 
 1,606,559 14 
 
 Carried chiefly in British and American steamers. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. di 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 304,315 4 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 22,014 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 326,329 4 
 
 imports from Great Britain, Hong Kong, Japan, Siam, and the Amoor Provinces. 
 Exports to Hong Kong and japan. 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4.— Trade with ether Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. ,. .. 5,520,177 12 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 365,040 
 
 Total .. .. .. 5i885,217 12 
 
 imports chiefly from, and exports to, Shanghae, 
 
 C 2 
 
18 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguisliing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels virith other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,902,161 
 2,618,016 12 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 41,375 8 
 
 323,664 12 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,943,536 8 
 2,941,681 4 
 
 Total.. 
 
 5,529,177 12 
 
 365,040 0, 
 
 5,585,217 12 
 
 Exports include Russian goods, value 204?., shipped here coastwise. 
 Imports include tea, value 476,305?. 10«., entered Iiere for Kiachta. 
 The above 204?. + 476,305?. 10». equal to 476,509?. 10s., or value of Russian 
 transit trade for 1874. 
 
 (Signed) J. IMONGAN, Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin, February 22, 1875. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of 
 Tien-tsin. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s, d. 
 Imports ,. .. .. .. .. 263,832 12 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 21,003 12 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. 284,836 4 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direci Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 Hong Kong 
 India . . . . . . 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 38,096 8 
 
 225,736 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 21,002 12 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 38,096 8 
 
 ■ 246,739 16 
 
 Total . . 
 
 263,832 12 
 
 21,003 12 
 
 284,836 4 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 0. .. 2,572,554 6 
 
 145,112 8 
 
 Imports 
 Exports , 
 
 Total .. ., .. .. 2,717.666 14 
 
 For total value of trade under British flag, see Shipping Return (C). 
 
TIEN-ISIN. 19 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports (about) .. .. .. 2,610,000 
 
 Chiefly cottons, Indian opium, and woollens from other Treaty ports and 
 Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 (Signed) J. MONGAN, Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin, February 22, 1875. 
 
20 
 
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2X 
 
 NEWCHWANG. 
 
 (A.) — IIetprn of the Trade of the Port of Neiychwang in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1 . — ToxAI. Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Importg .. ,, .. .. 811,045 
 
 Exports .. .. ., .; 584,514 6 8 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,395,559 6 8 
 
 All re-exports deducted. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure- 
 No return. No reliable information obtainable for the year 1874. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 Imports ,. .. ,, .. .. 102,212 6 8 
 
 Exports .. .. , .. .. ., 166,649 13 4 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 258,862 
 
 All re-exports deducted. More than Customs returns by trade with Hong Kong. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong, 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. ., .. .. 703,206 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 427,864 13 4 
 
 Total 1,131,070 13 4 
 
 All re-exports deducted.- Less than Customs' returns by trade with Hong 
 
 No. 5. — IIetukn distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . ,, 
 
 £ s. d. 
 444,283 6 8 
 258,922 13 4 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 None 
 427,864 13 4 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 444,283 6 8 
 686,787 6 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 703,206 
 
 427,864 13 4 
 
 1,131,070 13 4 
 
 All re-exports deducted. 
 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Newehwang, February 16, 1875. 
 
22 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)- 
 
 -Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of 
 
 Newchwang. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 99,408 6 8 
 
 Exports .. ,. .. .. .. 152,770 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 252,178 6 8 
 
 Includes whole trade, both in native and foreign goods, with Hong Kong. 
 * Including trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles o. 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ 3. d. 
 
 5,991 13 4 
 
 93,410 
 
 None 
 
 6 13 4 
 
 £ «. d. 
 None 
 152,770 
 
 None 
 None 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 5,991 13 4 
 
 246,180 
 
 None 
 
 6 13 4 
 
 Total . . 
 
 99,408 6 8 
 
 152,770 
 
 252,178 6 8 
 
 Includes whole trade in native and foreign goods with Hong Kong. 
 Opium comes via Hong Kong, Singapore, and. the Straits. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 222,564 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. a28,267 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. 350,831 
 
 Less than Customs returns by trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Value of imports .. .. ,, ,. 419,719 8 
 
 Less than Customs returns by trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 None. 
 For the year 1874 all such exports went viS Hong Kong. 
 
NEWCHWANG. 23 
 
 No. 6. — Retubn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 No Ketum. 
 
 No reliable information obtainable. 
 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Newchwang, February 16, 1875. 
 
24 
 
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25 
 
 SWATOW. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Swatow in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1874. 
 
 No, 1. — Total Trade of t})^ Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,. .. .. ., .. 3,318,503 
 
 Exports .. .. ., .. .. 1,311,532 
 
 Total .. .. ., .. 4,630,040 
 
 Includes re-exports, amounting to 1,210/. in value. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 —Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. ' 
 
 To and from forejgn ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ 
 
 1,452 
 174,015. 
 
 £ 
 655,126 
 47,643 
 
 £ 
 
 656,578 
 221,658 
 
 Total 
 
 175,467 
 
 702,769 
 
 878,236 
 
 Includes copper cash imported to the value of 12,499 dollars. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,, ., ,. .; ,, 2,078,467 
 
 Exports .. ,, .. ,, ., 156,100 
 
 Total .. ,, ,, .. 2,234,567 
 
 Includes re-exports amounting to 644Z. in value, 
 * Including trade with Hong Kong, 
 
 No, 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure), 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ., ,, .. 1,240,041 
 
 Exports .. ,, ,, ,. .. 1,155,432 
 
 Total 
 
 2,395,473 
 
 Includes re-exports, valued at 566/. 
 
26 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 No. 5.— Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 Total 
 
 Imports. 
 
 £ 
 874 
 1,239,167 
 
 1,240,041 
 
 Exports. 
 
 £ 
 501 
 1,154,931 
 
 1,155,432 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ 
 
 1,375* 
 2,394,098t 
 
 2,395,473j: 
 
 * Includes re-exports, 501?. -I- Includes re-exports, 651. 
 
 i Includes re.exports, 5661. 
 
 [(Signed) A. FRATER, Acting Consul. 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1874 at the Port of Swatow 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ,. 2,069,700 
 
 Exports .. .. ., .. .. 106,528 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,176,228 
 
 Includes re-exports valued at 599?. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Brltisl* Isles . . . . . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 3,060 
 2,062,839 
 
 3,801 
 
 £ 
 24,056 
 59,321 
 
 23,151 
 
 £ 
 27,116 
 2,122,160 
 
 26,952 
 
 Total 
 
 2,069,700 
 
 106,528 
 
 2,176,228 
 
 Includes 599?. re-exports to Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .• .. •• •■ 648,583 
 Exports .. 588,640 
 
 1,237,223 
 
8WAT0W, 
 
 27 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports .. ,. .. ,. .. 469 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports.under any Flag. 
 
 No Return. Said to be nil; 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect. 
 
 1,452 
 
 £ 
 655,120 
 
 £ ^ 
 656,578 
 
 Total 
 
 1,452 
 
 655,126 
 
 656,578 
 
 From and to Houg Kong. 
 (Signed) A. PRATER, Acting Consul. 
 
28 
 
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29 
 
 KEWKIANG. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Kewkiang in Foreign Vessels 
 foi- the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. ,. ,, 1,179,89G 2 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,U79,503 14 
 
 Total .. .. ... .. 4,156,399 16 
 
 31,886?. 2s. of natire and foreign te-exported imports are not included in this table. 
 
 No. 2— 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 565,657 16 
 
 £ . s. d. 
 Nil 
 167,222 2 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Nil 
 732,879 18 
 
 Total .. 
 
 565,657 16 
 
 167,222 2 
 
 732,879 18 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports , . , . . . . . . . Nil 
 
 Exports .. ., .. .. .. 21,892 16 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 21,892 16 
 
 A large amount of direct trade, both in imports and exports to and from this port, 
 
 does not appear, owing to transhipment in Shanghae. 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,179,896 2 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,954,610 18 
 
 Total 
 
 4,134,507 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. . 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,003,098 Is 
 
 176,797 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2,755,755 18 
 
 198,855 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 3,768,854 16 
 
 375,652 4 
 
 ' Totals .. 
 
 1,179,896 ■ 2 
 
 2,954,610 18 
 
 4,134,507 
 
 Kewkiang, January 1, 1875., 
 
 (Signed) WALTER ED. KING, Vice-Consul. 
 
30 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1874, at the Port of 
 Kewltiang. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Imjmrts ,. ,. ,, ,. ., Nil 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 21,892 16 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 21,892 16 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (exchiding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 £ s, d. 
 Imports .. .. ,. .. ,, Nil 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 21,892 16 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 21,892 16 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports (approximate) ,. ., ,. 303,712 4 
 
 Exports (approimate) .. ,, .. 1,311,973 10 
 
 Total (approximate) .. .. 1,615,685 14 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Value of imports . . . . . . , , 994,439 14 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports, under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Retubn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct . 
 
 Indirect 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 Nil 
 No return 
 
 AH Treasure came from other Treaty Ports ; whether direct or no is not unknown. 
 
 Kewkiang, January ], 1875. 
 
 (Signed) WALTER ED. KING. Vice-Conml. 
 
KETVKIANG. 
 
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32 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 TAMSUY. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Tamsuy in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1 874. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 304,243 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 203,428 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 507,671 
 
 Net values are taken, and the tael is calculated at 6s. 
 
 No. 2. — Impo 
 
 RT and Export 
 
 of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ 
 11,616 
 69,049 
 
 £ 
 26,482 
 25,829 
 
 £ 
 38,098* 
 94,878t 
 
 Total 
 
 80,665 
 
 52,311 
 
 182,976 
 
 * To Hong Kong only. 
 
 + Chiefly with Amoy. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 195,713+ 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 47,680 
 
 Total 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Hong Kong only. 
 
 243,393 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 108,530 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 155,747 
 
 Total 
 
 264,277 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign produce . 
 Native „ 
 
 £ - 
 
 ■ 103,222 
 
 5,308 
 
 £ 
 155,747 
 
 £ 
 103,222 
 161,055 
 
 Total . . 
 
 108,530 
 
 155,747 
 
 264,277 
 
 (Signed) 
 British Vice- Consul 
 
 HERBERT J. ALLEN, 
 ate, Tamsuy, April ZO, 1874. 
 
 Vice-Consul. 
 
TAMSUT, 
 
 33 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1874, at the Port of 
 
 Tamsuy. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 195,713* 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. .. .. 47,680 
 
 Total 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 243,393 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 195,713 
 
 Nil 
 NU 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 
 47,680 
 
 Nil 
 
 NU 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 243,393 
 
 NU 
 
 NU 
 
 Total .. 
 
 195,713 
 
 47,680 
 
 243,393 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 19,059 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. .. .. 38,994 
 
 Total 
 
 58,053 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 .. 108,530 
 Chiefly from Amoy. 
 
 Value of imports . 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 11,616 
 
 NU 
 
 £ 
 
 26,482 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 38,098 
 
 NU 
 
 Total .. 
 
 11,616 
 
 26,482 
 
 38,098 
 
 (Signed) HER,BERT J. ALLEN, Vice- Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Tamsuy, April 22, 1875. 
 
 D 2 
 
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33 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Amoy, in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1874. 
 
 No. 1 . — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ., .. 2,279,812 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,783,646 
 
 Total 
 
 4,063,458 
 
 Including re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ 
 41,069 
 107,572 
 
 £ 
 
 45,225 
 
 127,915 
 
 86,294 
 235,487 
 
 Total . . 
 
 148,641 
 
 173,140 
 
 321,781 
 
 No. 3t, — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ... .. 1,311,979 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,131,681 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,443,660 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . . . . . ■ . . 967,833 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 651,965 
 1,619,798 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the Respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 946,913 
 20,920 
 
 £ 
 
 27,861 
 
 024,104 
 
 £ 
 974,774 
 645,024 
 
 Total . . 
 
 967,833 
 
 651,965 
 
 1,619,798 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 GEO. PHILLIPS, Acting Consul. 
 
36 
 
 (B )— Return of British Trade for the Year 1873 at the Port of 
 ■" Atnov. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ., .. .. 1,306,036 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 445,751 
 
 Total 
 
 1,751,787 
 
 Including re-exports. 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 4,946 
 1,248,786 
 
 52,304 
 
 29,488 
 287,905 
 
 128,358 
 
 £ 
 
 34,434 
 1,536,691 
 
 180,662 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,306,036 
 
 445,751 
 
 1,751,787 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,591,744 
 
 Exports ,, .. .. .. .. 1,008,562 
 
 Total 
 
 2,600,306 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 No return. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 No return. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 409,141 
 
 £ 
 45,225 
 
 £ 
 454,366 
 
 Total . . 
 
 409,141 
 
 45,225 
 
 454,366 
 
 (Signed) GEO. PHILLIPS, Acting Consul. 
 
AMOY. 
 
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CHINA. No. 3 (1876).— Part II. 
 
 RETUE]V[S 
 
 KELATITE TO 
 
 TEADE WITH CHINA: 
 
 1875. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament hy Command of Her Majesty. 
 
 August 1876. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY HAERISOH AND SONS. 
 
 1876. 
 
LIST OP RETURNS. 
 
 Amoy . 
 
 Canton c 
 
 Hankow 
 
 Newchwang 
 
 Ningpo 
 
 Swatow 
 
 Taiwan 
 
 Tamsui 
 
 PA(JE 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
Returns relative to Trade with China: 1875. 
 
 [N.B. — All sums are given in sterling.] 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 (A.) — llETtRN of the Trade of the Port of Amoy in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1875. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 Innports . 
 Exports . 
 
 Total 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 2,258,739 5 8 
 
 1,581,865 11 8 
 
 3,840,604 17 4 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 • 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports , . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 190,342 6 9 
 161,633 12 11 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 51,974 14 2 
 
 143,978 18 11 
 
 £ s. d. 
 242,317 11 
 3.05,612 11 10 
 
 Total.. 
 
 351,975 19 8 
 
 195,953 13 1 
 
 547,929 12 9 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. 1,306,538 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 992,162 4 4 
 
 Total .. 2,298,700 12 4 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4.— Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports 952.200 17 8 
 
 Exports 
 
 589,703 7 4 
 
 Total 
 
 1,541,904 5 
 
 [458] 
 
CHINA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 943,393 15 
 
 8,807 2 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 570,858 4 
 
 18,845 7 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,514,251 15 4 
 
 27,652 9 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 952,200 17 8 
 
 589,703 7 4 
 
 1,541,904 5 
 
 (Signed) GEO. PHILLIPS, Acting Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Amoy, December 31, 1875. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of Amoy. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,177,646 7 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 305,994 18 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,483,041 5 8 
 
 * This Return includes tUe trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any F'lag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 E.-[ports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 3,471 13 8 
 
 1,114,780 13 4 
 
 59,394 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 77,804 16 4 
 
 128,318 10 8 
 
 99,811 5 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 81,336 10 
 
 1,243,099 10 
 
 152,205 5 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,177,646 7 8 
 
 305,994 18 
 
 1,483,641 5 8 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 & «. d. 
 Imports . .. .. ,. .. 095,626 8 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 392,165 9 4 
 
 Total 
 
 1,087,811 17 4 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, c.irried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
AMOY. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import nnd Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ *. d. 
 264,148 11 
 
 £ s. d. 
 72,128 3 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 336,276 14 4 
 
 Total.. 
 
 264,148 11 
 
 72,128 3 4 
 
 336,276 14 4 
 
 (Signed) GEO. PHILLIPS, Acting Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Amoy, December 31, 1875. 
 
C3HINA, 
 
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CANTON. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Canton in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1875. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreign "Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ,, 2,946,985 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 4,668,490 
 
 Total . 
 
 7,615,475* 
 
 * Including re-exports. 
 
 No. 2- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports. . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 391,965 
 28,407 
 
 £ 
 537,318 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 929,283* 
 28,407t 
 
 Total . , 
 
 420,372 
 
 537,318 
 
 957,690 
 
 * All Hong Kong. f All Shanghae. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,319,482 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 3,532,160 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 4,851,642t 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t 97 per cent. British; 1 per cent. American; 1 per cent. German; 1 per cent. 
 
 various. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,627,502 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,136,331 
 
 Total 
 
 2,763,833 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 ■ distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 25,721 
 1,601,782 
 
 £ 
 72,779 
 1,063,553 
 
 £ 
 98,500* 
 2,665,335i- 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,627,503 
 
 1,136,332 
 
 2,763,835 
 
 * Only re-exports. 
 
 (Signed) 
 Canton, February 22, 1876. 
 
 + £1,656 re-exports. 
 B. ROBERTSON, Consul. 
 
6 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of Canton. 
 
 No. ] . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,319,483 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 3,363,892 
 
 Total . . . . . . . . . 4,683,375 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,319,483 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 173,127 
 3,190,765 
 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 173,127 
 4,510,248 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,319,483 
 
 3,363,892 
 
 4,683,375 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total . 
 
 . . 1,203,582 
 643,262 
 
 .. 1,846,844 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — l?ETunN of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 391,965 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 537,318 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 929,283* 
 No return 
 
 Total . . 
 
 391,965 
 
 537,318 
 
 929,283 
 
 * All Hong Kong. 
 
 (Signed) B. ROBERTSON, Consul. 
 
 Canton, February 22, 1876. 
 
CANTON. 
 
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HANKOW. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Hankow in Foreign Vessels, 
 forthe Year 1875. 
 
 No. l.^ToTAL Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 4,853,809 5 lOJ 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 5,652,094 2 6 
 
 Total 
 
 10,505,903 8 a 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -iMroRT and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 Nil 
 £ s. d. 
 1,830.488 3 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 214,530 4 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 2,045,018 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,830,488 3 6 
 
 214,530 4 6 
 
 2,045,018 8 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,333 6 74 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,310,667 3 4^ 
 
 Total .. .. 1,312,000 10 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 4,852,465 19 3 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 4,341,426 19 H 
 
 Total 
 
 9,193,892 18 i\ 
 
 No. .5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,676,384 7 6 
 2,176,081 11 9 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 4,341,426 19 li 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2.676,384 7 6 
 6,517,508 10 lOi 
 
 Total . . 
 
 4,852,475 18 3 
 
 4,341,426 19 tli 
 
 9,193,892 18 4i 
 
 (Signed) 
 Hanlcojv, January 1, \8TQ, 
 
 CHAS. ALABASTER, Consul. 
 
HANKOW. 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1875, at the Port of 
 
 Hankow. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. ., .. 1,333 6 7i 
 
 Exports ., .. .. .. 1,113,847 6 7i 
 
 Total .. ., .. .. 1,115,180 13 3 
 
 ' This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 • 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 896 19 2 
 
 436 7 4i 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,113,847 6 7i 
 
 £ ». d. 
 1,114,744 5 lOi 
 436 7 4i 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,333 6 7i 
 
 1,113,847 6 7i 
 
 1,115,180 13 3 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. 26,908,355 lOi 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,036,093 1 7i 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 28,944,448 2 6 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under- 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No return.] 
 
 No, 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure fi-om and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 (Signed) CHAS. ALABASTER, Consul. 
 
 Hankow, Janv.ary 1, 1876. 
 
10 
 
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 NEWCHWANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Newehwang in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year ] 875. 
 
 •No. 1 . — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 941,791 13 4 
 895,893 6 8 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Taels. 
 2,825,375 
 2,687.680 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 1,837,685 
 All re-exports deducted. 
 
 5,513,055 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 No return. No reliable information obtainable. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding frfeasure).* 
 
 ■£ s. d. Taels. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. 110,645 6 8.. 331,936 
 
 Exports .. .. .. 278,959 CO.. 836,877 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 389,604 6 8.. 1,168,813 
 
 Re-exports deducted. More than Customs' Returns, as regards Exports, by Hong 
 
 Kong trade. 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 Nc. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. Taels. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. 821,656 6 8.. 2,464,969 
 
 Exports . .. .. 616,934 6 8:. 1,850,803 
 
 Total .. .. 1,438,590 13 4 . . 4,315,772 
 
 Less than Customs' Returns as regards Imports and Exports, by Hong Kong trade. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 ■•■; 
 
 ■•{ 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ *. d. 
 
 469,328 
 Taels 1,407,984 
 
 352,328 C 8 
 Taels 1,050,985 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 None 
 
 616,934 6 8 
 Taeh 1,850,803 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 409,328 
 Tael-3 1,407,984 
 
 909,262 13 4 
 Taels 2,907,788 
 
 Total . . 
 
 821,056 6 8 
 Taels 2,464,969 
 
 616,934 8 
 Taels 1,850,803 
 
 1,438,590 13 4 
 Taels 4,3iri,772 
 
 All re-exports deducted. 
 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
12 
 
 CHIKA, 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of 
 Newchwanof. 
 
 No. 1 . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. Taels. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. 104,858 6 8.. 314,575 
 
 Exports .. .. .. 265,684 0.. 797,052 
 
 Total .. .. 370,542 6 8.. 1,111,627 
 
 Includes whole trade, both in native and foreign goods, with Hong Kong. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Grreat Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 ■•{ 
 •■{ 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 Total , 
 
 { 
 
 Imports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 6,863 
 
 Taels 20,589 
 
 97,995 6 8 
 
 Taels 293,986 
 
 None 
 
 104,858 6 8 
 Taels 314,575 
 
 Exports. 
 
 [■ None < 
 
 265,684 
 
 Taels 797,052 
 
 None 
 
 265,684 
 Taels 797,052 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 6,863 
 
 Taels 20,589 
 
 363,679 6 8 
 
 Taels 1,091,038 
 
 None 
 
 370,542 6 8 
 Taels 1,111,627 
 
 Opium comes via Shanghae and Chinese ports. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. Taels. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. 393,119 13 4 .. 1,179,359 
 
 Exports .. .. .. 293,100 13 4 .. 879,302 
 
 Total .. .. 868,220 6 8.. 2,058,661 
 
 Less than Customs Returns by Hong Kong trade. 
 
 No. 4.' — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried' under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. Taels. 
 
 Yalue of imports .. ,. 492,999 13 4 .. 1,478,999 
 
 Less Hong Kong trade. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 None. All such exports went vid Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 No Retitfn. No reliable information to be obtained. 
 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, ConsuL 
 
NEWOHWANG. 
 
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 NINGPO. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Ningpo in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1875. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 2,573,853 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,599,011 10 
 
 Total . 
 
 
 .. 4,172,S 
 
 64 10 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 •Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 Nil 
 335,553 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 753,546 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,089,099 
 
 Total . . 
 
 335,553 
 
 753,546 
 
 1,089,099 
 
 No. 3.— Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 610,468 10 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,778 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 612,246 10 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — 'Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,963,384 10 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 1,597,233 
 3,560,617 10 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing- the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,417,020 8 
 
 546,364 2 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Nil 
 1,597,233 
 
 £ a. d. 
 1,417,020 8 
 2,143,597 2 
 
 Total , . 
 
 1,963,384 10 
 
 1,597,233 
 
 3,560,617 10 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 PELHAM WARREN, Acting Consul. 
 
NINGPO. 15 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of Ningpo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ i. d. 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. .. 605,030 7 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 85,068 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 690,098 7 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports, 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 591,087 12 
 Nil 
 13,942 15 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 85,068 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ «. d. 
 NU 
 676,155 12 
 Nil 
 13,942 15 
 
 Total . . 
 
 605,030 7 
 
 85,068 
 
 690,098 7 
 
 No, 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports . . 
 Exports .. 
 
 Total 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 121,227 16 
 
 120,306 
 
 241,533 16 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag 
 
 [No Return.! 
 
 No. 5. — Return of E3i;ports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [NU.] 
 (gigned) PELHAM WARREN, Acting Consul. 
 
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 SWATOW. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Swatow in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1875. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 3,572,264 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .; 1,417,039 
 
 . Total .. .. .. .. 4,989,303 
 
 Tliis includes 194,790?. imported, and 110,358i. exported. Total 305,148?. in 
 Chineae-owned steamers. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports . 
 
 Total 
 
 £ 
 102,041 
 887,822 
 
 989,863 
 
 Calculated at is, per dollar. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,119,953 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 184,630 
 
 Total .. .. f. .. 2,304,583 
 
 Includes 298?. imported, and 650?. exported. Total 948?. in Chinese-ownpd 
 
 steamers. 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ <i. d. 
 
 Imports. .. .. .. .. 1,452,311 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,232,408 14 
 
 Total 
 
 2,684,720 2 
 
 Including 194,492?. imported, and 10S,708?. exported. Total 304,200?. in 
 Chinese-owned steamers. 
 
 No. 5.— Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. 
 
 1,306 16 
 
 1,451,004 12 
 
 £ 3. 
 
 448 ■>16 
 1,231,959 18 
 
 £ s. 
 
 1,755 12 
 
 2,682,964 10 
 
 Total 
 
 1,452,311 8 
 
 1,232,408 14 
 
 2,684,720 2 
 
 Note.— The Customs calculations are made in Haikwan taels, which are here converted 
 into sterling at 6s. the tael: 
 
 (Signed) J. WALTERS, Acting Consul. 
 
 c 2 
 
18 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of Swatow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,086,254 
 
 Exports ■ .. .. ., .. .. 172,798 16 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 2,259,052 16 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 Hong Kong . . 
 Singapore and Straits. . . 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. 
 
 2,079,906 18 
 6,347 2 
 
 £ s. 
 
 8,751 6 
 
 129,649,10 
 
 34,398 
 
 £ s. 
 
 8,751 6 
 
 2,209,556 8 
 
 40,745 2 
 
 Total 
 
 2,086,254 p, 
 
 ^ 172,798 16 
 
 2,259,052 16 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 ,£ 
 
 Imports 776,189 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 704,391 
 1,480,580 
 
 No 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 No. 5.-^Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag, 
 
 No Return. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 Note,— Taels converted into sterling at 6s. to the tael. 
 
 (Signed) J. WALTERS, Acting Consul. 
 
gtVATOW< 
 
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 ( A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Taiwan hi Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1875. 
 
 No. I. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . . , . . . . . 406,588 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 361,260* 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 767,848 
 
 * Re-exports, amounting to 4,915/., are not deducted from Imports, but not 
 included in Exports. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 41,282 
 44,019 
 
 £ 
 
 8,177 
 152,888 
 
 £ 
 49,459 
 196,907 
 
 Total . . 
 
 85,301 
 
 161,065 
 
 246,366 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £. 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . . 225,244 
 
 Exports .. ... ., .. .. 232,770 
 
 Total .. 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 458,014 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . . 181,344 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 128,490 
 
 Total 
 
 309,834 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 156,651 
 
 24,693 
 
 £ 
 
 .2,175* 
 126,315 
 
 £ 
 158,826 
 151,008 
 
 Total . . 
 
 181,344 
 
 128,490 
 
 309,834 
 
 * The 2,175?. foreign exports are re-exports. 
 
 (Signed) T. Vl^ATTERS, AcHng Consul. 
 
TAIWAN. 21 
 
 (B.'i—RETURN of British Trade for the Year 1875 at the Port of Taiwan* 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 .. 234,712 
 62,662 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total .. 
 
 * Including the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 297,374 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. ' 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 234,712 
 ' Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 11,536 
 
 Nil 
 51,126 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 246,248 
 
 Nil 
 
 51,126* 
 
 Total . . 
 
 234,712 
 
 62,662 
 
 297,374 
 
 * Australia. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ., 120,897 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,. .. 33,496* 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 154,393 
 
 * The exports do not include 2,175/. re-exports. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 24,436 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 8,738 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 33,174 
 
 No return 
 
 Total . . 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 T. WATTERS, Acting Consul. 
 
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 TAMSUI. 
 
 » A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Tamsui in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1875. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 325,865 2 4 
 
 Exports ,. .. .. .. 258,464 7 2 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 584,329 9 6 
 
 Re-exports valued at 2,582?. is. 6d. included in the imports, but not in the exports. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 —Import and Export 
 
 of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Export?. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ .. d. 
 47,168 8 9 
 
 £ s. d. 
 20,040 17 2 
 22,307 3 3 
 
 £ s. d. 
 20,040 17 2 
 69,475 12 
 
 Total 
 
 47,168 8 9 
 
 42,348 5 
 
 89,516 9 2 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 180,159 12 11 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 21,759 10 10 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 201,955 3 9 
 
 Exports are to Hong Kong 21,750?. 10s., and to Japan 451. Os. lOd. Imports all 
 from Hong Kong. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 145,705 9 5 
 
 Exports . . . . . . 
 
 Total .. 
 
 236,668 16 4 
 
 382,374 5 9 
 
 Nos. 3 and 4 include between them in the imports 1,594?. 3s. 8a;. re-exports to foreign 
 countries, and 988?. 0«. Wd. re-exports to Chinese ports. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade 'in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming' the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exjiorts. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 135,157 14, 4 
 
 10,547 15 1 
 
 £ s. d. 
 236,668 16 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 135,157 14 4 
 247,216 11 5 
 
 Total . . 
 
 145,705 9 5 
 
 236,678 16 4 
 
 382,374 5 9 
 
 (Signed) A. FRATER, Acting Vice-Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Tamsui, February/ 15, 1876. 
 
 [458] D 
 
24 CSINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trads for the Year 1875, at the Port of 
 
 Tamsui. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 180,159 12 11 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 21,750 10 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 201,910 2 11 
 
 All from and to ,Hong Kong. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any 
 
 and British 
 Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 180,159 12 11 
 
 £ *. d. 
 21,750 10 
 
 £ «. d. 
 201,910 2 11 
 
 Total . . 
 
 180,159 12 11 
 
 21,750 10 
 
 201,910 2 11 
 
 Imports include a few re-exports. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 Includes a few re-exports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 133,160 4 7 
 
 216,291 12 7 
 
 349,451 17 2 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 orig-in (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 3D 
 
 Value of imports . . . . . . . about 135,000 
 
 The exact value cannot he given, as the origin of a few imports classed together ifi the 
 Customs Returns as sundries has not been ascertained. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 No return 
 
 £ s. d. 
 20,040 17 2 
 No return 
 
 £ s. d. 
 20,040 17 2 
 
 No return 
 
 Total .. 
 
 .. 
 
 
 .. 
 
 (Signed) A. FRATER, Acting Vice-Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Tamsui, February 15, 1876. 
 
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LIST OF RETURNS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Amoy . . , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Canton «, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Chefoo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Foochow . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 Hankow 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 14 
 
 Kewkiang . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 17 
 
 Kiungchow . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 Newchwang 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 23 
 
 Ningpo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 26 
 
 Swatow ' . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 29 
 
 Taiwan , , , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 32 
 
 Tamsui and Kelung . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 85 
 
 Tien-tsin . . ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 38 
 
Returns relative to Trade with China : 1876. 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 (A.) — Return, of the Trade of the Port of Amoy in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding- 
 Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total . 
 
 £ 
 1,676,109 
 4,289,356 
 
 Re-exports included. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Impobt and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . , 
 
 £ 
 162,720 
 178,323 
 
 £ 
 57,299 
 211,907 
 
 £ 
 210,019 
 390,230 
 
 Total.. 
 
 331,043 
 
 269,206 
 
 '^ 600,249 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,425,629 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,045,496 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,472,125 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. •• •■ 1,186,618 
 
 Exports . . . . • • • • 
 
 630,61.3 
 
 Total 
 
 1,817,231 
 
 [5i52] 
 
 » 2 
 
CHINA. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign , . 
 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 1,185,114 
 1,504 
 
 £ 
 
 619,143 
 
 11,470 
 
 £ 
 1,804,257 
 12,974 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,186,618 
 
 630,613 
 
 1,817,231 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 CHALONER ALABASTER, Consul. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of Amoy. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,230,952 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 328,922 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 1,559,874 
 
 * Tliis Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles .. 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 1,146,026 
 84,926 
 
 £ 
 
 83,405 
 
 165,824 
 
 79,693 
 
 £ 
 
 83,405 
 1,311,850 
 
 164,619 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,230,952 
 
 328,922 
 
 1,559,874 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Import? ., .. .. ., .. 850,485 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 417,974 
 
 Total 
 
 1,268,459 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports ■ . . , . . . . . . 19,600 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
AMOY. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Ti-easure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect . . 
 
 £, 
 160,220 
 
 56,499 
 
 £ 
 206,719 
 
 Total . . 
 
 150,220 
 
 56,499 
 
 206,719 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 CHAL. ALABASTER, Consul. 
 
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CANTON. 
 
 (A.) — Keturn of.the Trade of the Port of Canton in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1876. . 
 
 No. l.^^ToTAL Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure.) 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. 2,935,258 11 3 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 4,651,885 19 9 
 
 Total 
 
 * Includes 93,491 'J- 16«. 9d. re-exports. 
 No, 2.— Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 7,587,144 11 0* 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 432,384 9 6 
 
 14,536 
 
 £ s. d. 
 426,101 14 9 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 858,486 4 3* 
 
 14,536 Ot 
 
 """ Total .. 
 
 446,920 9 6 
 
 426,101 14 9 
 
 873,022 4 3 
 
 * All witli Hpng Kong. 
 
 t All with Shanghae. 
 
 No. 3, — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,507,037 12 6 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 3,674,082 2 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 5,181,119 14 6t 
 
 *^ This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Includes 17,5832. 10s, rerexports. 
 
 No. 4. — ^Teade with other Treaty Ports*(excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. 1,428,220 18 9 
 
 Exports 977,803 17 9 
 
 Total 
 
 2,406,024 16 6* 
 
 * Includes 75,9082. 6s. M. re-exports. 
 
 No. S. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . . . . 
 
 £ 3. d. 
 
 18,566 3 6 
 
 1,409,654 15 3 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 75,903 9 
 
 901,900 8 9 
 
 £ s. d. 
 94,469 12 6* 
 2,311,555 4 0+ 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,428,220 18 9 
 
 377,803 17 9 
 
 2,406,024 16 6 
 
 * Re-exports only. t Includes il. Is. 9d. re-exports. 
 
 (Signed) B. ROBERTSON, Consul. 
 
 Canton, March 31, 1877. 
 
6 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of Canton. 
 
 No. ] . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (exchiding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 & s. d. 
 
 Imports . .. .. .. ,. 1,507,037 12 6 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 3,565,369 14 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 5,072,407 7 Of 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Includes 160,640;. 12*. 6d. native imports irom Hong Kongj and 7,843i. 17«. id. 
 
 foreign re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . . . 
 
 Hong Kong , . , . 
 
 India.. 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,507,037 12 6 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil' 
 
 £ s. d. 
 86,362 2 6 
 3,479,007 12 
 NU 
 Nil 
 
 £ a. d. 
 86,362 2 6 
 4,986,045 4 6 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,507,037 12 6 
 
 3,565,369 14 6 
 
 5,072,407 7 0* 
 
 • Includes 160,640?. 12s. 6d., and 7,843?. 17s. M., as above. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports. .. .. .. .. 1,021,828 9 6 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 546,125 4 6 
 
 Total 
 
 1,567,953 14 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Beturn of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Retui'n.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect . . . , 
 
 £ s. d. 
 432,384 9 6 
 No return 
 
 £ s. d. 
 426,101 14 9 
 No return 
 
 £ s. d. 
 858,486 4 3* 
 No return 
 
 Total.. 
 
 432,384 9 6 
 
 426,101 14 9 
 
 858,486 4 3 
 
 * All with Hong Kong. 
 
 (Signed) B. ROBERTSON, Consul. 
 
 Canton, March 31, 1877. 
 
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CHEFOO. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Chefoo in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1876. 
 
 No. I. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,328,983 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,. .. 747,026* 
 
 Tot^l . 
 
 * Exclusive of re-exports, 146,328/. 
 
 2,076,009 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 96,280 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil' 
 
 416,910 
 
 £ 
 513,190 
 
 Total . . 
 
 96,280 
 
 416,910 
 
 513,190 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 129,920 
 
 Exports .. .. ., ., .. 44,948t 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. ., 174,868 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Exclusive of re-exports, 19,518Z. 
 
 No. 4.- — Trade with other Treaty'Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ., .. .. 1,199,063 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,. .. 702,078* 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 1,901,141 
 
 * Exclusive of re-exports, 126,8102. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinetion of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . . . '. . 
 
 £ 
 668,785 
 530,278 
 
 £ 
 
 702,078 
 
 £ 
 668,785 
 1,232,356 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,199,063 
 
 702,078 
 
 1,901,141 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 G. JAMIESON, Acting Consul. 
 
CHEFOO. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of 
 
 Chefoo. 
 
 No. I. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 & 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 84,262 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 93,280 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. .. 177,542 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ 
 19,693 
 63,264 
 
 1,305 
 
 £ 
 
 5,430 
 
 87,850 
 
 • £, 
 25,123 
 151,114 
 
 i,*305 
 
 Total.. 
 
 84,262 
 
 93,280 
 
 177,542 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ., iU,2H 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. ., 222,560 
 
 Total 
 
 636,834 
 
 No. 4.— Returw of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of imports (about) . . . . . . . . 690,000 
 
 Nearly all from Shanghae. Opium amounts to 319,318Z. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty, Ports under any Flag. 
 
 No Return. Inconsiderable. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 Nil. 
 (Signed) G. JAMIESON, Acting Consul. 
 
10 
 
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 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Foochow in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports. .. .. .. .. 1,531,617 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . . 3,330,489 18 
 
 Total ,. .. .. .. 4,862,106 18 0* 
 
 * This includes re-exports 50,267^. 8s. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports. , 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,218,629 10 5 
 
 161,814 13 11 
 
 £ s. d. 
 121,797 18 4 
 352,968 10 10 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,340,427 8 9 
 
 514,783 4 9 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,380,444 4 4 
 
 474,765 9 2 
 
 1,855,210 13 6 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. ., .. .. 824,905 16 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 2,967,761 14 
 
 Total ., .. .. .. 3,792,667 10 Of 
 
 * Tliis Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Tliis includes re-exports 21,994?. 16». 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Forts (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 706,711 4 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 362,728 4 
 
 Total . .. .. .. 1,069,439 8 0* 
 
 * This includes re-exports 28,272/. 12». 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 159,184 10 
 547,526 14 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 26,765 2 
 
 335,963 2 
 
 £ s. d. 
 185,949 12 0* 
 883,489 16 Of 
 
 Total . . 
 
 706,711 4 
 
 362,728; 4 
 
 1,969,439 8 OJ 
 
 * Includes re-exports 26,765/!. 2s. t Includes re-exports 1,507?. 10s. 
 
 t Includes re-exports 28,272?. 12s. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 W. H. PEDDER, Consul. 
 
12 
 
 (B)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of 
 Foochow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ I. d. 
 Imports. .. .. .. .. 823,357 10 
 
 Exports . ,. ., .. .. 2,823,339 12 
 
 Total . . . . , . . . . 3,646,697 2 Of 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 + This incl'ides re-exports 19,763?. 8s. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India .. .. >. 
 
 Other British Dependences 
 
 £ *. d. 
 
 340,88*6 14 
 
 478,224 12 
 
 4,246 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2,137,073 8 
 
 80,480 2 
 
 1,548 12 
 
 604,237 10 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 2,137,073 8 
 
 421,366 16 
 
 479,773 4 
 
 608,483 14 
 
 Total.. 
 
 823,357 10 
 
 2,823,339 12 
 
 3,646,697 2 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports, 
 
 £ t. d. 
 .. 634,542 18 
 .. 306,708 6 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 941,251 4 0* 
 
 * This includes re-exports 27,271/. 10s. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 |£ s. d. 
 -Value of Imports . . . . . . . . 129,497 8 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. , 
 No return. 
 
 No. 6.— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct, Hong Kong 
 Indirect. Chinese Ports . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,218,629 10 5 
 
 161,814 13 11 
 
 £ s. d. 
 121,797 18 4 
 352,968 10 10 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 1.340,427 8 a 
 
 514,783 4 9 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,380,444 4 4 
 
 474,766 9 2 
 
 1,855,210 13 6 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 W. H. PEDDER, Consul. 
 
roocHow. 
 
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14 
 
 HANKOW. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Hankow in Foreign Vessels, 
 for the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 3,888,192 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 6,942,955 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 10,831,147 
 
 1, Goods imported and afterwards exported are excluded from imports, and 
 i ncluded in exports. 
 
 2. This includes trade in vessels of foreign buUd under the Chinese flag, amounting 
 to 1,387,038;. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . , 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 
 2,185,589 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 214,936 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 
 2,400,525 
 
 Total.. 
 
 2,185,589 
 
 214,936 
 
 2,400,525 
 
 Of imports 1,895?. was in copper cash ; of exports, 181,566?., ditto. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 6,206 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,, .. 2,175,229 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,181,435t 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 + Exports chiefly tea. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports ' .. .. .. .. .. 3,881,986 
 
 Exports' .. .. .. .. .. 4,767,726 
 
 Total 
 
 8,649,712 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 2,551,172 
 1,330,814 
 
 £ 
 
 35,534 
 4,732,192 
 
 £ 
 2,586,706 
 6,063,006 
 
 Total .. 
 
 3,881,986 
 
 4,767,726 
 
 8,649,712 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 P. J. HUGHES, Consul. 
 
hankotV. 1 5 
 
 (B.)^Return of British Trade for the Year 1876, at the Port of 
 
 Hankow. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports ., .. .. .. ,, 6,206 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ., .. 1,904,309 
 
 Total / ., .. .. .. 1,910,515 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles , . 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 4,668 
 1,538 
 
 ••• 
 
 £ 
 1,904,309 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 1,910,515 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 6,206 
 
 1,904,309 
 
 1,910,515 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. ,, .. .. 2,251,578 
 
 Exports ., .. .. ., .. 1,833,922 
 
 Total . 
 
 . . 4,085,500 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No return.] 
 No means of determining with accuracy the origin of imports from Treaty Ports. 
 
 No. 5, — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No return.] 
 No means of determining with accuracy the ultimate destination of exports to Treaty 
 
 Ports. 
 
 No. 6.«— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 [No Return.] 
 (feigned) P. J. HUGHES, Consul. 
 
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 KEWKIANG. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Kewkiang in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — ToTAj, Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 ^ , . £ s. d. 
 
 Importa .. .. .. .. 996,562 11 8 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 2,780,683 10 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 3,777,246 1 8 
 
 This Return does not include 1,204Z. I6s. lid. of re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and irom foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 682,625 8 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 131,565 
 
 £ «. d. 
 814,190 8 4 
 
 Total . . 
 
 682,625 8 4 
 
 131,565 
 
 814,190 8 4 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 Nil 
 .. 166,613 14 2 
 
 Imports . . 
 Exports . . 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 166,613 14 2 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4.^Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 3. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 996,562 11 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,614,069 15 10 
 
 Total 
 
 3,610,632 7 6 
 
 No. 5. — Rkturn distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in -Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign . , 
 Native . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 794,697 3 4 
 .201,865 8 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,614,069 15 10 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 794,697 3 4 
 
 2,815,935 4 2 
 
 Total .. 
 
 996,562 11 8 
 
 2,614,069 15 10 
 
 3,610.632 7 6 
 
 Exchange at 5*. lOd. per Haikwan tael, 
 
 January 1, 1877. 
 (Signed) 
 
 H. P. McCLATCHlE, Acting Consul. 
 
 c 2 
 
18 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of 
 Kewkiang. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. Nil 
 
 Exports .. .o .. .. .. 166,613 14 2 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 166,613 14 2 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 ' dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 .. 
 
 £ 
 166,613 14 2 
 
 £ 
 166,613 14 2 
 
 Total 
 
 
 166,613 14 2 
 
 166,613 14 2 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 482,282 10 
 
 Exports. .. .. .. .. 1,216,649 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 1,698,931 10 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Value of Imports (iipproximate) . . . . 680,432 7 6 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Exports (approximate) . . ... . . 2,509,301 13 4 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 Treasure usually comes indirectly through other Treaty ports. 
 
 Exchange 5s. lOd. per Haikwan tael. 
 January I, 1877. 
 
 - (Signed) H. P. Mc CLATCHIE, Acting Consul. 
 
KEWKIANQ. 
 
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 (A.)^Return of the Trade of the Port of Kiungchow In Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1876. 
 
 N.B, — This Return only represents trade of nine months, as Kiungphow only opened 
 
 on April 1. 
 
 No. 1 . — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ., .. .. 123,008 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. .. .. 105,692 
 
 Total .. 
 
 228,700 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ 
 14,574 
 143 
 
 £ 
 7,387 
 
 285 
 
 £ 
 21,961* 
 428t 
 
 Total.. 
 
 14,717 
 
 7,672 
 
 22,389 
 
 * Hong Kon 
 
 g. t Swatow and Shanghae. 
 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ., .. 116,835 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 65,90y - 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 182,742f 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Hong Kongi Singapore, and Straits. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports . .. .. ., ., .. 6,173 
 
 Exports . .. ,. .. ., .. 39,785 
 
 Total 
 
 45,958* 
 
 * Chiefly Swatow and Shanghae. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the Respective Amounts of Foreign arid 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. ■ 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign .. 
 
 Native 
 
 , £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 6,173 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 39,785 
 
 NU 
 45,958* 
 
 Total . . 
 
 6,173 
 
 39,785 
 
 45.958 
 
 * Chiefly with Swatow and Shanghae. 
 
 (Signed) ALEX. S. HARVEY, Acting Vice- Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Kiungchow, 
 February 17, 1877. 
 
KITTNGCHOW. 
 
 21 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of 
 Kiungchow. 
 
 N.B. — This Return only represents the trade of nine months, as Kiungchow was only 
 
 opened on April 1, 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ,, ., ., 114,363 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 65,848 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 180,211 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 102,659 
 
 n,Vo4 
 
 £ 
 65,848 
 
 £ 
 
 168,507 
 
 11,704 
 
 Total - 
 
 114,363 
 
 65,848 
 
 180,211 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. .. 3,033 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. .. 24,645 
 
 Total 
 
 27,678 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 British and Indian imports come via Hong Kong. 
 
 No, 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 Exports destined for Great Britain, &c., pass through Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 6.— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to»Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 14,574 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 7,387 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 21,961 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 14,574 
 
 7,387 
 
 21,961 
 
 All to and from Hong Kong. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Kiungchow, 
 February 17, 1877. 
 (Signed) ALEX. S. HARVEY, Acting Vice,Consul, 
 
22 
 
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 NEWC HWANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Newehwang in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 985,770 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 566,533 
 
 Total . 
 
 ■• 
 
 .. 1,552,303 
 
 No. 2. — Impo 
 
 RT and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ 
 81,000 
 
 £ 
 185,344 
 
 £ 
 266,344 
 
 Total 
 
 81,000 
 
 185,344 
 
 266,344 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. .. 53,038 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. .. 3,362 
 
 Total .. , .... .. .. 56,400 
 
 * This Return includes the trade vpith Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade vfith other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ., .. .. .. 932,731 
 
 563,171 
 
 Total 
 
 1,495,902 
 
 No. 3. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 619,336 
 313,395 
 
 £ 
 
 20,821 
 
 542,349 
 
 £ 
 640,157 
 855,744 
 
 Total . . 
 
 932,731 
 
 563,170 
 
 1,495,901 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
24 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of 
 Newchwang. 
 
 No. 1 . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports . . . • • • . . . • 73j981 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 229,206 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 303,187 
 
 All proceeds to Hong Kong. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 73,981 
 
 NU 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 
 229,206 
 
 NU 
 
 NU 
 
 £ 
 
 NU 
 303,187 
 
 NU 
 NU 
 
 Total .. 
 
 73,981 
 
 229,206 
 
 303,187 
 
 Opium comes vi^ Shanghae and Treaty ports. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 323,465 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 254,542 
 
 Total 
 
 578,007 
 
 Hong Kong excluded. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of imports . .. ,. .. .. 260,728 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Retubn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 [No Return.] 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
NEWCHWANG, 
 
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26 
 
 NINGPO. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Ningpo in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels, inclusive of 
 steamers under Chinese flag (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,308,341 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,608,552 
 
 Total . 
 
 Including re-exports. 
 
 3,916,893 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 416,747 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,135,204 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,551,951 
 
 Total . . 
 
 416,747 
 
 1,135,204 
 
 1,551,951 
 
 No. 3.— Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 .. 631,989 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 6,849 
 
 Total .. ,. .. .. ., 638,838 
 
 Exports do not include native produce sent to Hong Kong for re-export to Chinese 
 
 ports. 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. .. 1,676,352 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,601,703 
 
 Total 
 
 3,278,055 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 1,187,268 
 489,084 
 
 £ 
 
 90,678 
 1,511,025 
 
 £ 
 1,277,946 
 2,000,109 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,676,352 
 
 1,601,703 
 
 3,278,055 
 
 These figures are obtained from the Customs Returns, by the conversion of Haikwan 
 taels into sterling, at the rate of 6s. per tael. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 WILLIAM M. COOPER, Acting Consul. 
 
NINGPO. 27 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of Ningpo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 610,885 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 22,129 
 
 Total .. .. ., .. .. 633,014 
 
 * This Beturn includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — ^Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure^ under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 610,885 
 
 £ 
 22,'l29 
 
 £ 
 633,014 
 
 Total . . 
 
 610,885 
 
 22,129 
 
 633,014 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,. .. .. .. .. 113,343 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total .. 
 
 45,693 
 . . 159,036 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 
 any Flag, 
 
 £ 
 Value of imports . . . . . . . . • 826,590 
 
 Principally opium and piece goods from Shanghae. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] _ 
 
 (Signed) WM. M. COOPER, Acting Consul. 
 
28 
 
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 SWATOW. 
 
 (A.) — Retorn of the Trade of the Port of Swatow in- Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . . . . . , , . , 4,409,803 13 4 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 1,670,812 6 8 
 
 Total 
 
 6,080,656 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 & s. d. 
 
 6,695 6 8 
 
 54,756 
 
 £ 8. d, 
 
 1,398,281 13 4 
 
 269,510 
 
 £ *. d. 
 
 1,404,977 
 
 316,266 
 
 Total . . 
 
 61,541 6 8 
 
 1,667,791 13 4 
 
 1,729,243 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,706,664 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ,. .. 398,131 
 
 Total .. 3,104,795 
 
 * This Return includes the trade vrith Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,700,958 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,274,579 
 
 Total 
 
 2,975,537 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels vsrith other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4.' 
 [No Return.] 
 
30 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of Swatow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ., 2,567,877 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ., .. 306,958 
 
 Total . ., .. .. .. 2,874,835 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . , „ .. 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 2,567,877 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 128,694 
 167,963 
 
 Nil 
 
 NU^ 
 
 £ 
 
 128,694 
 
 2,735,840 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total 
 
 2,567,877 
 
 296,657 
 
 3,864,534 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . . 966,085 
 
 Exports . . . ■ . • . . 
 
 Total . 
 
 763,560 
 1,729,645 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 No Return. 
 
 No. 6.— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect ,, .. 
 
 £ 
 6,695 
 
 £ 
 1,398,281 
 
 £ 
 1,404,977 
 
 Total 
 
 6,695 
 
 1,398,281 
 
 1,404,977 
 
SWATOW. 
 
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32 
 
 TAIWAN. 
 
 (A)— Return. of the Trade of the Port of, Taiwan in Fpreign Vessels for 
 ' the Year 1876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessfls (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ., ,. .. ,. 390,475 
 
 Exports .. ., .. .. .. 424,723 
 
 Total 
 
 815,198 
 
 The imports include 5,702?. re-expprtSi 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 1 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and frbm native-ports , . 
 
 £ 
 52,880 
 89,313 
 
 £ 
 
 24,618 
 
 106,487 
 
 £ 
 
 77,498 
 
 195,800 
 
 Total . . 
 
 142,913 
 
 131,105 
 
 273,298 
 
 No. 3.^ — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 178,599 
 228,837 
 
 Total ., ., .. .. .. 407,436 
 
 Theimports include \2il. re-exports. 
 * This Return includes the trade with H,ong Kong. 
 
 Nq. 4. — Trade with othe,r Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,. .. .. .. .. 210j460 
 
 Exports- .. .. .. ,;- .. 201,341 
 
 Total, 
 
 411,801 
 
 The exports include 5,4552. re-exports. 
 
 No. 5. — Return di.itinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty torts, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign * 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 194,693 
 15,767 
 
 £ 
 
 5,455 
 195,886 
 
 £ 
 200,148 
 211,653 
 
 Total . . 
 
 210,460 
 
 201,341 
 
 411,801 
 
 The foreign exports are re-exports. 
 (Signed) G. M., H. PLAYFAIR, ^c<m^ Consul. 
 
TAIWAN. 33 
 
 (B.l— Re'turn (k British Trade for the Year 1876 at the Port of Taiwan. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of bireot Trade With Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Impoj/ts 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 £ 
 
 164,024 
 
 96,094 
 
 260,118 
 
 * This lUturn includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 Hong Kong , , 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 (Australii) . . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 164,024 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 60,861 
 
 32,662 
 
 NU 
 
 2,571 
 
 £ 
 
 60,861 
 
 196,686 
 
 Nil 
 
 2,571 
 
 total . . 
 
 164,024 
 
 96,094 
 
 260,118 
 
 No. 3.— -Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. I48il67 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. ., 47,119 
 
 Total 
 
 195,286 
 
 No. 4. — tlETURif of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin, (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5.-?rBETuiiN of Exports destined for.Great Britain, .India, or the 
 
 £)oloiiies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — ^Return of Iniport and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Iniports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. . 
 Indirect 
 
 .£ 
 
 19,676 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 .24,618 
 
 No' return 
 
 £ 
 
 44,294 
 
 No return 
 
 Tdtal .-. 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 No return 
 
 (Sighed) 
 
 G. M. H. PLAYFAIR, Acting Consul. 
 
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35 
 
 TAMSUI AND KELUNG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Ports of Tamsui and Kelung in 
 Foreign Vessels for the Year 1876. 
 S 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 » Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 359,140 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 363,971 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 723,111 
 
 Imports include re-exports valued at 1,3497. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export 
 
 of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Toand 
 
 To an from foreign ports* 
 d from native portst 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 97,026 
 
 £ 
 33,799 
 24,685 
 
 £ 
 33,799 
 121,711 
 
 Total 
 
 97,026 
 
 58,484 
 
 155,510 
 
 * All to Hong Kong. 
 
 + From Swatow, Amoy, and Takow. To Amoy and Takow. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 176,829 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 17,521 
 
 Total 
 
 194,350 
 
 Imports include re-exports, valued at 1287. 
 * Includes the trade with Hong Kong, both in foreign and Chinese goods. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. •. •• .• 182,311 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 346,450 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 528,761 
 
 Imports include re-exports, valued at 1,2217. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the reiipective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign' 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 132,931 
 49,380 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 346,450 
 
 £ 
 132,931 
 395,830 
 
 Total . . 
 
 182,311 
 
 346,450 
 
 528,761 
 
 Total of imports includes 1,2217., value of re-exports. 
 
 (Signed). A. FRATER, ^c«m^ Vice-Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Tamsui, February 20, 1877. 
 
36 
 
 cntsx. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1876, at the Ports of 
 Tamsui and Kelung. 
 
 No. 1. — Value df Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 £ 
 
 214,983 
 32,706 
 
 Total .. .. ». .. 247ve89 
 
 A few trf the exports, equal to 148^., were re-exports. 
 * Includes trade with Hong Kong both in foreign and Chinese goods. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British isles .. ,. 
 Hong Kong ., ,.' 
 India . > 
 Other Britfah Dependencies 
 
 -£ 
 
 Nil 
 
 214,983 
 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 Nil 
 32,706 
 
 NU ' 
 NU 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 .24^689 
 
 Nil 
 
 NU 
 
 Total .. 
 
 214,983 
 
 32,706 
 
 247,689 
 
 Includes trade with Hong Kong both in foreign and native goods. 
 
 No. 3.-^Retuen of Trade under British Flag wiih other "Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 linjrtorts .. .. .. .. .. 121,615 
 
 Exports .. .. ,. ,. .. 281,-2?? 
 
 Total 
 
 402,902 
 
 Rfe-exportS included. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports Bf British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 . JB 
 
 Value of imports . .. .. .. about 132>I90. 
 
 No. 5.-^Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty, Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return df liffport and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Depetidendies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct* 
 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 33,799 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 33,799 
 
 . No return 
 
 Total .. 
 
 
 
 
 * To Hong^^ong. 
 (SipetT) A. FRATER, Acting Vice- Consul. 
 
 British Vice-Consulate, Tamsid, February 2D, 1877. 
 
lAMSUI AND KBLUNG. 
 
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38 
 
 TIEN-TSIN. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Tien-tsin in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1 876. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. ... 6,187,634 2 
 
 Exports-. .. .. .. .. 511,299 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 8,698,933 8 
 
 Re-exports (here 45,9932. 18«.) included in both imports and exports, and taels 
 converted into sterling at 6s. per taei. 
 
 No, 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 £ *. d. 
 604,170 
 
 £ ». rf. 
 939,868 IS 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,544,038 16 
 
 Total 
 
 604,170 0, 
 
 939,868 16 
 
 1,544,038 16 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 344,122 10 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 61,470 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 405,592 10 
 
 Imports irom Great Britain, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Siam, Annam, Russian 
 Manchuria, &c., and Continent of Europe. 
 
 Exports to Great Britain, Hong Kong, Japan, Amoor Provinces, and Continent of 
 Europe. 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 5,843,511 12 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 449,829 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 6,293,340 18 
 
 Imports chiefly from, and exports to, Shanghae. 
 
 No. 5.— Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,686,990 16 
 3,156,520 16 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 42,879 18 
 
 406,949 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,729,870 14 
 3,553,470 4 
 
 Total . . 
 
 5,843,511 12 
 
 449,829 6 
 
 6,293,340 18 
 
 Exports include Russian goods shipped coastwise, value 
 Imports include tea, entered here for Kiachta, value 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 51 
 
 984,446 14 
 
 Value of Russian transit trade for 1S76 .. 984,497 14 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin, February 26, 1877. 
 
 (Signed) J. MONGAN, Consul. 
 
IIEIT-XSIN. 
 
 S9 
 
 (B.)— Retcrk of British Trade for the Year 1876, at the Port of 
 
 Tien-tsin. 
 
 No. I. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 292,496 14 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 60,619 10 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 353,116 4 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag, 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 424 10 
 
 289,601 14 
 
 2,470 10 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 249 
 
 60,370 10 
 
 £ a. d. 
 
 673 10 
 
 349,972 4 
 
 2,470 10 
 
 Total 
 
 292,496 14 
 
 60,619 10 
 
 353,116 4 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. 2,176,657 4 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 202,034 8 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 2,378,691 12 
 
 For total value of trade under British flag, see Shipping Return (C). 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of imports (about) .. .. .. 2,100,000 
 
 Chiefly cotton, Indian opium, and woollens. 
 
 No. 5. Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports, under any Flag. 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin February 26, 1877. 
 
 (Signed) J. MONGAN, Consul. 
 
 £552] 
 
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CHINA. No. 5 (1878). 
 
 RETURNS 
 
 BEIATIYE TO 
 
 TRADE WITH CHINA 
 
 1877. 
 
 Presented to both Houses of Parliament hy Command of Her Majesty , 
 
 June 1878, 
 
 LONDON : 
 POINTED BY HAEJUSON AND SONS. 
 
 1878. 
 
LIST OP EETURNS. 
 
 PAflB 
 1 
 5 
 8 
 11 
 14 
 17 
 20 
 
 Amoy «» •• •• •• " 
 
 Canton c> •• •• •• " 
 
 Chefoo 
 
 Foochow . . • • • • " • * ' 
 
 Hankow .. •• •• •• " 
 
 Kewkiang .. .. •• •• •• 
 
 Kiungchow . .. •• •■ " " 23 
 
 Newchwang .. •• •• " " '" 
 
 Ningpo ..^ .. •• •■ •• ^^ gg 
 
 Fakboi .. •• •• •" 
 
 Swatow . . . • • • • • " 
 
 Tamsui and Kelung . . 
 Tien-tsin j. 
 
 32 
 88 
 41 
 
Returns relative to Trade with China : 1877. 
 
 AMOY. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade at the Port of Amoy in Foreign Vessels fcr 
 
 the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 £ s. d. 
 .. 2,849,323 4 
 .. 2,059,032 18 
 
 
 Tota 
 No. 2.- 
 
 1 .. .. .. 4,908,3 
 
 Re-exportB included. 
 
 54 2 
 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native porta . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 357,796 2 
 229,606 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 20,708 
 
 230,145 4 
 
 £ s. 
 378,504 2 
 459,752 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 Total.. .. 
 
 587,402 8 
 
 250,853 4 
 
 838,256 • 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).' 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Ijoiports.. .. .. .. .. 1,656,365 9 
 
 Exports,. .. .. .. .. 1,434,208 10 
 
 Total .. .. ., 3,090,573 10 9 
 
 Re-exports included. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — TiiADE with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure^- 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports,. .. .. .. .. 1,192,958 2 
 
 Exports.. .. .. .. .. 624,824 8 
 
 Total; .. .. .. 1,817,782 10 
 
 Exchange, 1 Haikuan tael = 1 dol 50 c. ; 1 dollar = 4s. 
 
 [722] 
 
 B 2 
 
2. 
 
 CHINA, 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, vrithout dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ t. d. 
 
 1,181,225 2 
 
 11,733 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 588,515 2 
 
 36,309 6 
 
 £ s. a. 
 
 1,769,740 4 
 
 48,042 6 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,192,958 2 
 
 624,824 8 
 
 1,817,782 10 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of Amoy. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade virith Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 1,356,408 6 
 
 Exports.. ., .. .. .. 877,371 18 
 
 Total .. .. .. 1,933,780 4 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Eoag. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 7,274 14 
 
 1,274,280 12 
 
 74,853 
 
 ■ £ s. d. 
 129,731 8 
 314,831 14 
 
 132,808 16 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 137,006 2 
 
 1,589,112 6 
 
 207,661 16 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,356,408 6 
 
 577,371 18 
 
 1,933,780 4 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 .. 820,679 2 
 .. 441,281 8 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 1,261,960 10 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Value of imports ,. ,, .. .. 27,701 2 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Es^ports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried lo other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
AMOY. 
 
 3 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 Indirect 
 
 & s. d. 
 345,538 4 
 No Return 
 
 £ s. d. 
 20,708 
 No Return 
 
 a 3. d. 
 366,240 4 
 No Return 
 
 Total . , 
 
 345,538 4 
 
 20,708 
 
 366,246 4 
 
CHINA. 
 
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CANTON. 
 
 (A.) — Ketuhn of the Trade of the Port of Canton in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure.) 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . .. .. .. ,. 2,213,600 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 4,430,991 
 
 Total 
 
 6,644,591 0* 
 
 * Includes 97,077?. re-exports. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 640,042 
 Nil. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 474,109 
 Nil 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,114,151 0* 
 Nil. 
 
 Total . . 
 
 640,042 
 
 474,109 
 
 1,114,151 
 
 * All with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 3. — biKECT Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 imports .. .. .. .. 745,489 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 3,425,378 
 
 Total 4,170,867 
 
 * This Return includes Che trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — ^Trahe with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 Imports 1,468,111 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 1,005,613 
 
 Total 2,473,724 0* 
 
 * Includes 79,550?. re-exports. 
 
 No. 5 Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign ar.<l 
 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 19,086 
 
 1,449,025 
 
 £ i. d. 
 77,232 0* 
 928,381 
 
 £ *. d. 
 96,318 
 ,2,377,406 Cf 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,468,111 
 
 1,005,613 
 
 2,473,724 
 
 * All le-exports. t Includes 2,318?. re 
 (Signed) H. F. HA 
 Canton, March 22, 1878. 
 
 -exports. 
 NCE, Cbns'al. 
 
6 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of Canton. 
 
 No. 1 . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (exchiding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. 740,283 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 3,407,381 
 
 Total 4,147,664t 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. * 
 
 t Includes 17,526/. re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Totol. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 740,283 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 3,407,381 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 4,147,664 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 740,283 
 
 3,407,381 
 
 4,147,664 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. 934,382 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 468,139 
 1,402,521 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import atid Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and Britlsli Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect . . . . 
 
 £ 
 
 040,042 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 474,109 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 1,114,151 
 
 No return 
 
 Total . . 
 
 640,042 
 
 474,109 
 
 1,114,151 
 
 * All with Hong Kong. 
 
 . (Signed) 
 Canton, March 22, 1878. 
 
 H. F. HANCE, Consul. 
 
CANTON. 
 
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CHEFOO. 
 
 (A.} — Return of the Trade of the Port of Chefoo in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,350,805 
 
 Exports .. ., .. .. .. 586,950* 
 
 Total 
 
 * Exclusive of re-exports, 104,812/. 
 
 1,937,755 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ 
 
 482 
 130,314 
 
 £ 
 11,430 
 629,511 
 
 £ 
 
 11,912 
 
 759,825 
 
 Total . . 
 
 130,796 
 
 640,941 
 
 771,737 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 117,212 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 47,720+ 
 
 Total ,. .. ■ .. .. .. 164,932 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 + Exclusive of re-exports, 12,818Z. 
 
 No. 4. —Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure)-! 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 1,233,593 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 539,230* 
 
 Total 
 
 1,772,823 
 
 * Exclusive of re-expOrts, 91,994?. 
 
 No, 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foieigii Vessels with other Treaty Ports,. without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native . 
 
 £ 
 716,791 
 516,802 
 
 £ 
 539,'230 
 
 £ 
 716,791 
 1,056,032 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,233,593 
 
 539,230 
 
 1,772,823 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 G, J AMlESOti, Acting Consul. 
 
CHEFOO. 
 
 (B,)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 
 Chefoo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. ., 80,035 
 
 Exports . . . . . . ■ . , . . 71,569 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 151,604 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No, 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Expoi'ts. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India.. 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 8,691 
 
 68,527 
 
 2,817 
 
 £ 
 47 
 71,506 
 
 "l6 
 
 £ 
 
 8,738 
 140,033 
 
 2,833 
 
 Total.. 
 
 80,035 
 
 71,569 
 
 151,604 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. a. ■■ 683,615 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 223,442 
 
 Total 
 
 907,057 
 
 No. 4.— Retur?j of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5.— Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 Xo. 6. — Return' of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 [Nil.] 
 (Signed) G. JAMIESON, Acting Consul. 
 
10 
 
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 FOOCHOW. 
 
 (A.) — tReturn of the Trade of the Port of Foochow in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports. .. .. .. .. 1,741,153 8 lOi 
 
 Exports. .. .. .. .. 3,115,935 2 3 
 
 Total c. .. .. .. 4,857,088 11 IJ* 
 
 * Tliis includes re-exports 46,772?. 6s. 9(?. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports. . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,233,371 12 
 
 139,014 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 221,686 8 
 145,353 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,455,058 
 
 284,367 4 
 
 Total.. 
 
 1,372,385 16 
 
 367,039 8 
 
 1,739,425 4 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Ibaports .. .. .. .. 930,993 17 6 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . . 2,725,743 16 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 3,656,737 14 OfJ 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 t This includes re-exports 14,161i. 6s. lid. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 810,159 11 4i 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 390,191 5 9 
 
 Total . .. .. .. 1,200,350 17 H* 
 
 * This includes re-exports 32,611?. Os. 7id, 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 192,747 6 a 
 617,412 5 
 
 £ s; d. 
 29,193 5 7i 
 360,998 H 
 
 £ s. d. 
 221,940 12 0* 
 978,410 5 lit 
 
 Total . . 
 
 810,159 11 41 
 
 390,191 5 9 
 
 1,200,350 17 nt 
 
 * Includes re-exports 29,193?. 5s. 7id. f Includes re-exports 3,417/. 15s. 
 J Includes re-exports 32,611?. Os. 7i<?. 
 
 (Signed) CHAS. A. SINCLAIR, Consul. 
 
12 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 Foochow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. a. 
 
 Imports . .. .. .. .. 905,785 10 4i 
 
 Exports. .. .. .. .. 2,621,907 12 4i 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 3,527,693 2 9 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 6. d. 
 
 485,779 11 4i 
 
 411,739 6 lOi 
 
 8,266 12 li 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,958,190 1 3 
 
 109,593 8 
 
 7 19 3 
 
 554,116 3 lOi 
 
 £ . d. 
 1,958,190 1 3 
 595,372 19 4i 
 411,747 6 li 
 562,382 16 
 
 Total . . 
 
 905,785 10 4i 
 
 2,621,907 12 4i 
 
 3,527,693 2 9 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 587,684 11 3 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 194,190 7 44 
 
 Total 781,874 18 7i* 
 
 * This includes re-exports 29,948/. 16«. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under anj 
 Flag. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Value of Imports .. .. .. .. 117,622 1 
 
 No. 5. — EETunN of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Eetuen of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. Hong Kong 
 Indirect, Chinese Ports . 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 1,233,371 12 
 
 139,014 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 221,686 8 
 145,353 
 
 £ *. d. 
 
 1,455,058 
 
 284,367 4 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,372,385 16 
 
 367,039 8 
 
 1,739,425 4 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 CHAS. A. SINCLAIR, Consul. 
 
POOCHOW. 
 
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 HANKOW. 
 
 (A.)— Retdbn of the Trade of the Port of Hankow in Foreign Vessels^ 
 fcr the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1 Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 4,070,266 6 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 5,931,606 14 
 
 Total 
 
 10,001,835 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 2,920,128 12 
 
 £ *. d. 
 Nil 
 504,773 8 
 
 £ *. d. 
 Nil 
 3,424,902 
 
 Total . . 
 
 2,920,128 12 
 
 504,773 8 
 
 3,424,902 
 
 Includes coppev cash to the value of 165,323Z. 2s. 0(?. 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).'* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 792 18 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,433,424 12 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,434,217 10 
 
 * This Return includes the trad^ with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ «. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 4,069,433 8 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 4,498,184 2 
 
 Total 
 
 8,567,017 10 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,399,315 8 
 1,670,118 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 42,488 14 
 
 4,455,695 8 
 
 £ t. d. 
 2,441,804 2 
 6,125,813 8 
 
 Total . . 
 
 4,069,438 8 
 
 4,498,184 2 
 
 8,567,617 10 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 P. J. HUGHES, Comul. 
 
(B.)— +REftJRN of British Trade for the Year 1877, at the Po*t of 
 
 Hankow. 
 
 Nq. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 792 18 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,433,424 12 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,434,217 10 
 
 • This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Tola). 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 —£ a. d. \ 
 
 792 18 .' 
 
 ■■ 
 
 £ -'. d. 
 1,433,424 12 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 1,433,424 12 
 
 792 18 
 
 Total . . 
 
 792 18 ; 
 
 1,433,424 12 
 
 1,434,217 10 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 2,100,755 14 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2.358,638 14 
 
 Total . . 
 
 4,459,394 8 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Value of Imports .. .. .. .. 1,693,697 
 
 Approximate values of imports of opium and piece goods only. Accurate returns 
 of other imports not obtainahle. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Exports .. ,. .. .. .. 1,088,177 
 
 Tea only. No accurate returns obtainable of other exports. 
 
 No, 6. — Return of Import afld Export.of Treasure", from and to Great 
 Britain and. British Dependencies, 
 [No Return.} 
 (%ned) P. J. HUGHES, Consul 
 
 [722] 
 
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 KEWKIANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Kewkiang in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 875,916 14 2 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. 2,573,932 7 6 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 3,449,849 1 8 
 
 Exclusive of re-expovts, 16,506^. 17«. 6(i. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and fk-om foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 i. s. d. 
 634,627 5 10 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 uifiii 10 10 
 
 £ «. d. 
 782,514 16 8 
 
 Total . , 
 
 634,627 5 10 
 
 147,887 10 10 
 
 782,514 16 8 
 
 No. 8. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Nil 
 
 Imports . . 
 Exports . , 
 
 6,591 13 4 
 
 Total .. ., .. .. 6,591 13 4 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports . . . . . . 875^916 14 2 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 2,567,340 14 2 
 
 Total 
 
 3,443,257 8 4 
 
 Exclusive of re-exports. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Fl?ig, forming the Total-! of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native . , 
 
 £ s. d. 
 730,728 10 10 
 145,188 3 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,567,340 14 2 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 730,728 10 10* 
 
 2,712,528 17 6t 
 
 Total .. 
 
 875,916 14 2 
 
 2,567,340 14 2 
 
 3,443,287 8 4 
 
 * Net value of trade. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Kewhiang, January 1, 16/8, 
 
 C722] 
 
 t Exclusive of re-exports. 
 
 H. P. McCLATCHIE, 
 
 Acting Vice- Consul. 
 
 c 2 
 
18 
 
 CBIitX. 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 
 K^wkiang. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag:. 
 
 £ a. d. 
 Imports .. ., ,. .. ,, Nil 
 
 Exports .. .„ .. .. .. 6,591 13 4 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 6,591 13 4 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 • • 
 
 £ s. d.. 
 6,591 13 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 6,591 13 4 
 
 Total 
 
 
 6,591 13 4 
 
 6,591 13 4 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 444„')83 14 2 
 
 Exports .. ,. ,. ., 1,016,698 13 4 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 1,461,282 7 6 
 
 Gross value, inclusive of re-exports, 13,8682. 15*. • 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. , 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 Value of Imports .. .. .. .. 738,623 13 4 
 
 Gross approximate value, inclusive of re-exports, 13,3282. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Exports .. .. .. .. 1,733,977 17 6 
 
 Net export of tea. 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 Treasure always comes indirectly through other Treaty ports. 
 
 (Signed) H. P. ^c CI. AT CUm, Acting Vice-Conml. 
 
 Kewkiangi January 1, 1'878. 
 
KETVKIAirG. 
 
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 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Kiungchow in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1 . — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. .. 202,946 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 201,568 
 
 Total 
 
 404,514 
 
 No 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports. . 
 
 £ 
 178,944 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 56,655 
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 £ 
 235,599 
 
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 Total . . 
 
 178,944 
 
 56,655 
 
 235,599 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 201,817 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. ., 192,843 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 394,660t 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong, 
 t Nearly all with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total . 
 
 * Swatow chiefly. 
 
 £ 
 1,129 
 8,725 
 
 9,854* 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the Respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 • £ 
 Nil 
 1,129 
 
 £ 
 Nil 
 8,725 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 9,854 
 
 Total . . 
 
 1,129 
 
 8, 725 
 
 9,854 
 
 (Signed) JAMES SCOTT, Acting Vice-Consul. 
 
 Kiungchow, January 31, 1878. 
 
KtUNQOHOTV. 
 
 ai 
 
 CB.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 Kiungchow. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 e 
 
 .. 201,390 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 .. 190,262 
 
 Total .. 391,652 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong . . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 201,390 
 
 190,262 
 
 & 
 
 391,652 
 
 Total 
 
 201,390 
 
 190,262 
 
 391,652 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 One German steamer made one run. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other 'J'reaty Ports under any Flag, 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct . 
 Indirect 
 
 & 
 
 178,944 
 
 Nil 
 
 & 
 
 56,655 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 235.599 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . . 
 
 178,944 
 
 56,655 
 
 235,599 
 
 All Hong Kong. 
 
 (Signed) JAMES SCOTT, Acting Viee-Consul. 
 
 Kiungchow, January 3J, 1878. 
 
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 NEWCHWANG. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Newchwang in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Yeai- 1877. 
 
 No. l^^iXoTAL Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). ' ' 
 
 577,087 
 
 Imports 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 594,839 
 1,171,926 
 
 T^o. 2. — tImport and Export of Treasure. 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 3. — -Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure) 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports . ., ., .. .. .. 54,935 
 
 Exports . .. .. .. .. .. 162,362 
 
 Total ,. .. , :• •• .. 217,297 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4.^— Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 522,152 
 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 432,476 
 954,628 
 
 No. 5, — TiETURN distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native a 
 
 £ 
 260,513 
 261.639 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 432,476 
 
 £ 
 260,513 
 694,115 
 
 Total . . 
 
 522,152 
 
 432,476 
 
 954,628 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
24 
 
 CHIlfA, 
 
 (B.) — Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 
 Newchwang. 
 
 No. 1 . — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 75,637 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 222,414 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 298,051 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 75,637 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 222,414 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 298,051 
 
 Total . . 
 
 75,637 
 
 222,414 
 
 298,051 
 
 Opium comes vi^ Sbanghae. 
 
 No. 3.— Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 565,459 
 
 Exports .. .. .. ., .. 323,442 
 
 Total 
 
 888,901 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 "TZ ' £ 
 
 Value of imports . , , , . 510,658 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and* to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 [No Return.] 
 (Signed) THOS. ADKINS, Consul. 
 
SBWdHWANS. 
 
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26 
 
 NINGPO. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Ningpo in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,352,997 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,423,444 
 
 Total 
 
 . . 3,776.441 
 
 Including re-exports. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 408,742 
 
 £ 
 Nil 
 911,684 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 1,320,426 
 
 Total . . 
 
 408,742 
 
 911,684 
 
 1,320,426 
 
 No.'3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding ^Treasure).* 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 194,780 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 37,057 
 
 Total .. .. ,. .. ., 231,837 
 
 Including native produce sent to Hong Kong for re-export to Chiiiese ports.- 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,158,217 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 1,418,058 
 
 Total 
 
 3,576,275 
 
 Including re-exports. 
 
 No. 5 — Return distinguishing the respertive Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinfction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 1,621,122 
 537,095 
 
 £ 
 87,835 
 1,330,223 
 
 £ 
 1,708,957 
 1,867,318 
 
 Total .. 
 
 2,158,217 
 
 1,418,058 
 
 • 3,576,275 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 WILLIAM M. COOPER, ^c<*i^ Consul. 
 
(BO-^RETflORN of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Ifort oflNingpo. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with 'Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. .. 188,?.99 
 
 Esports .. .. .. .. .. 31,782 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 220,181 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag;. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India ,. 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 186,376 
 ' 2,023 
 
 £ 
 31,782* 
 
 £ 
 218,"l58 
 2,023 
 
 Total.. 
 
 188,399 
 
 31,782 
 
 220,181 
 
 * For re-export to Chinese ports. 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,, .. .. .. 258,065 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 434,259 
 
 Total 
 
 692,324 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5.— Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6.' — Return of Import and Export of Treasure "from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 WM. M. COOPER, AcHng Consul. 
 
28 
 
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 PAKHOI. 
 
 (A.) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Pakhoi in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure) 
 
 £ 
 Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,144 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 3,514 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 [No return.] 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ., .. .. 2,370 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. .. 722 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 3,092 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. ..422 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 Exports — £ 
 
 Mative .. .. .. .. .. ..422 
 
 (Signed) T. L. BULLOCK. Acting Consul. 
 
30 
 
 PAKHOI. 
 
 (B.)— Retukn of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 
 Pakhoi. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports . . 
 Exports . . 
 
 £ 
 2,370 
 722 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 3,092 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British Depen- 
 dencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India . . 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 2,370 
 
 £ 
 722 
 
 £ 
 3,092 
 
 Total . . 
 
 2,370 
 
 722 
 
 3,n!)2 
 
 No. 3. — Retubn of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Exports 
 
 £ 
 422 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5.-»-Retuen of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 XUolbnies carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — -JIetukn of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and Eritisli Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 (Signed) T. L. BULLOCK, Acting Consul. 
 
PAKHOI. 
 
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32 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 SWATOW. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Swatow in Foreign Vessels for 
 
 the Year 1877, 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 4,119,741 
 
 Exports 1,46^,665 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 5,582,406 
 
 Both imports and exports are exclusive of re-exports £9,041. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Te and from foreign ports 
 
 (Hong Kong) 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 6,028 
 
 53,385 
 
 £ 
 799,607 
 
 61,227 
 
 £ 
 805,635 
 
 114,612 
 
 Total . . 
 
 59,413 
 
 860,834 
 
 920,247 
 
 No. 8. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 2,692,961 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 543,060 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 3,236,021 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 Re-exports, £2,404, are excluded from both imports and exports. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. ,. .. .. 1,426,780 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 919,605 
 
 Total . .. .. .. ., 2,346,385 
 
 Imports and exports are exclusive of re-exports £9,041. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis ■ 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native . 
 
 £ 
 
 3,518 
 1,423,262 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 919,605 
 
 £ 
 
 3,518 
 2,342,867 
 
 Total, 
 
 1,426,780 
 
 919,605 
 
 2,346,385 
 
 WM. GREGORY, Consul. 
 
8WAT0W. 
 
 33 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of Swatow. 
 
 No. 1,— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. ,. .. .. .. 2,5i4,268 
 
 Exports .. ,. ,. ,. .. 347,728 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 2,861,996 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Ya^ue of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . , , , . 
 Hong Kong , . 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 (Singapore and' Straits) 
 
 £ 
 691 
 2,492,142 
 NU 
 2M35 
 
 £ 
 
 146,133 
 
 149,844 
 
 Nil 
 
 &i,7'5|l 
 
 i 
 
 £ 
 146,824 
 2,641,986 
 Nil 
 73,186 
 
 Total 
 
 2,514,268 
 
 347,728 
 
 2,861,996 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 761,128 
 566,678 
 
 Total . .. .. .. .. 1,327,806 
 
 Ejsports, exclusive of £1,910 re-exports. 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial origin 
 (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 [No Return. J 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return,} 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Importsi. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct 
 
 Indirect .. r. 
 
 £ 
 
 6,028 
 
 No return. 
 
 £ 
 799,607 
 No return. 
 
 805,635 
 No return. 
 
 '^'otal 
 
 No return. 
 
 No return. 
 
 No return. 
 
 [722] 
 
 WM. GREGORY, Consul. 
 ' D 2 
 
34 
 
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35 
 
 TAIWAN FOO AND TAKOW. 
 
 (A)— Return of the Trade of the Ports of Taiwanfoo and Takow in 
 Foreign Vessels for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 462,948 
 
 Exports ,, .. .. .. .. 397,641 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 860,589 
 
 Re-exports (valued at 9,274?.) included in imports only. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 • 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . . 
 
 £ 
 29,258 
 81,270 
 
 £ 
 
 35,723 
 
 100,875 
 
 £ 
 
 64,981 
 
 182,145 
 
 Total . . 
 
 110,528 
 
 136,598 
 
 247,126 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. ,, .. 260,816 
 
 Exports ,. .. .. .. .. 263,383 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 524,199 
 
 Exports principally to Japan. 
 * Tliis Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 202,132 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 134,258 
 
 Total .. 
 
 336,390 
 
 No. 5. — Return di.itinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without dis- 
 tinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 188,331 
 13,801 
 
 £ 
 134,258 
 
 £ 
 
 188,331 
 148,059 
 
 Total . . 
 
 202,132, 
 
 134,258 
 
 ,336.390 
 
 Foreign goods to the value of 4,131/. were re-exported to Treaty ports. 
 
 (Signed) A. FKATER, Acthig Conmi. 
 
36 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (B.i— Retuhn of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Ports of 
 Taiwanfoo and Takow. 
 
 No. 1.— Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 .. 259,683 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 71,543 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 331,226 
 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong . . . . : 
 
 India . . . . .. 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 (Anstralia) . . , , 
 
 259,683 
 
 £ 
 10,191 
 13,973 
 
 47,379 
 
 £ 
 
 10,191 
 
 273,656 
 
 47,379 
 
 Total .. 
 
 259,683 
 
 71,543 
 
 331,226 
 
 No- 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 .. 187,060 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 Total 
 
 53,400 
 240,460 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, , Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag, 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Direct. . 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 25,134 
 
 £ 
 35,723 
 
 £ 
 60,857* 
 
 Total . . 
 
 25,134 
 
 35,723 
 
 60,857 
 
 * To ITong Kong. 
 (Signed) A. FRATER, Acllng Consul, 
 
TAIWANPOO AND TAKOW, 
 
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38 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 TAMSUI AND KELUNG. 
 
 ''(A.) — Return of the Trade of the Ports of Tamsui.in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1, — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 400,306 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .. .. 429,674 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. 829,980 
 
 Re-exports (here equal to 4,1)93/.) included in both imports and exports; and taels 
 converted into sterling at 6s. per tael. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports* 
 To and from native portsf 
 
 £ 
 
 25,935 
 
 106,742 
 
 £ 
 24,306 
 15,462 
 
 £ 
 50,241 
 122,204 
 
 Total 
 
 132,677 
 
 39,768 
 
 172,445 
 
 * To Hong Kong. 
 
 + To and from Amoy chiefly. 
 
 No. 3. — DiRFXT Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure).* 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,. .. .. ,. ,. 169,896 
 
 Exports .. .. ,, .. .. 26,103 
 
 Total 
 
 195,999 
 
 Entirely with Hong Kong, except exports valued at 678^. to Cochin China. Including 
 
 re-exports, 74U. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 4. — Traue with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treasure). 
 
 "Imports 
 Exports 
 
 £ 
 230,410 
 403,571 
 
 Total .. .. .. ,. 633,981 
 
 Imports include re-exports, valued at 4,312/. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 173,798 
 56,612 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 403,571 
 
 £ 
 173,798 
 460,183 
 
 Total 
 
 230,410 
 
 403,571 
 
 633,981 
 
 Total of imports includes re-exports, valued at 4,312/. 
 (Signed) B. C. GEORGE SCOTT, Acting Vice-Consul. 
 
 British Vice- Consulate, Tamsw', February 7, 1878. 
 
TAMSUI AND KELTJNG. 
 
 39 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877, at the Port of 
 
 Tamsui. 
 
 No. 1 — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure)* under any Flag. 
 
 Imports 
 Exports 
 
 £ 
 
 211,624 
 38,588 
 
 Total ,. .. .. .. 250,212 
 
 Imports include re-exports, valued at 7S51. 
 * This Return includes the trade with Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total, 
 
 British Isles 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 India .: 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 211,624 
 
 Nil 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 38,588 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 £ 
 
 Nil 
 
 259,212 
 
 Nil 
 
 Nil 
 
 Total . , 
 
 211,624 
 
 38,588 
 
 250,212 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 £ 
 Imports .1 .. .. .. .. 197,665 
 
 Exports . . . . > . . . , . 307,545 
 
 Total .. ,. .. .. 505,210 
 
 Imports include re-exports, valued at 4,31 2^. 
 
 No. 4.— Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 Value of imports . .. .. .. (about) 156,000. 
 
 No. 5. — Return of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6.- 
 
 -Return of Import and Export of Treasure from 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 and to Great 
 
 
 !". 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Dircct 
 Indirect 
 
 £ 
 
 25,935 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 24,306 
 
 No return 
 
 £ 
 
 50,241* 
 No return 
 
 Total 
 
 25,935 
 
 24,306 
 
 50,241 
 
 * To Hong Kong. 
 
 (Signed) B. C. GEORGE SCOTT, 
 
 Acting Vice- Consul, 
 
 British Vice-Consulate, Tamsui, Fehruary 7, 187S. 
 
40 
 
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41 
 
 TIEN-TSIN. 
 
 (A.)— Return of the Trade of the Port of Tien-tsin in Foreign Vessels 
 for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1.— Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 t ^ £ ». rf. 
 
 Imports . , . . . . . , . 7,527,573 
 
 Exports . .. ,. .. .. 1,714,7^0 
 
 Total .. ., .. .. 9,242,333 
 
 Includes re-exports 1,179,797/. Taels converted into sterling at 6s. per tael. 
 
 No. 2. — Import and Export of Treasure. 
 
 To and from foreign ports 
 To and from native ports 
 
 Total 
 
 Imports. 
 
 £ 
 373,276 
 
 373,276 
 
 Exports. 
 
 £ 
 656,152 
 
 656,152 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ 
 1.029,428 
 
 1,029,428 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure. *) 
 
 Imports , 
 Exports . 
 
 Total 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 296,763 
 
 1,149,818 
 
 1,446,581 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other TreatyPorts (excluding Treasure). 
 
 £ s. d. 
 Imports .. .. .. .. 7,230,810 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . . 564,942 
 
 Total 
 
 7,795,752 
 
 No. 5.— RETtJRN distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels with other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Foreign 
 
 Native . . ■ . 
 
 £ a. d. 
 2,062,969 
 5,167,841 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 31,995 
 
 532,947 
 
 £ s. d. 
 2,094,964 
 5,700,788 
 
 Total . . 
 
 7,230,810 
 
 564,942 
 
 7,795,752 
 
 (Signed) R. J. FORREST, Acting Consul. 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin, February 12, 1878. 
 
42 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 (13.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877, at the Port of 
 Tien-tsin. 
 
 No. i. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 £ 
 Imports ,. .. .. .. .. 205,057 
 
 Rxports .. .. .. .. .. 4,948 
 
 Total 
 
 210,005 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 British Isles . . 
 
 Hong Kong , . 
 
 India 
 
 Other British Dependencies 
 
 £ 
 
 5,951 
 177,609 
 
 21,497 
 
 £ 
 4,948 
 
 £ 
 6,951 
 182,557 
 
 21,497 
 
 Total 
 
 205,057 
 
 4,948 
 
 210,005 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports.- 
 
 £ 
 
 Imports .. .. .. .. .. 3,033,576 
 
 Exports .. .. .. .'. .. 3^5,415 
 
 Total, . 
 
 3,368,991 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under 
 any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 NTo. 5 Return of Exports , destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports, under any Flag. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6. — Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 (Signed) R. J. FORREST, Acting Cousvl. 
 
 British Consulate, Tien-tsin, February 12, 1878. 
 
TIEN-TSIN, 
 
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44 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 WENCHOW. 
 
 (A,) — Return of the Trade of the Port of Wenchow in Foreign 
 Vessels for the Year 1877. 
 
 No. 1. — Total Trade of the Port in Foreign Vessels (excluding 
 Treasure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports.. .. .. .. .. .. 73,623 
 
 Exports , . . . . . . . . , , , 5,435 
 
 Total 
 
 79,058* 
 
 * Re-exports not included. 
 
 No. 2.- 
 
 -Import and Export of Treasure 
 
 • 
 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 To and from foreign ports . 
 To and from native ports . 
 
 525 
 
 £ 
 32',904 
 
 £ 
 33,429 
 
 Total . . 
 
 525 
 
 32,904 
 
 33,429 
 
 No. 3. — Direct Trade with Foreign Countries (excluding Treasure). 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No. 4. — Trade with other Treaty Ports (excluding Treas,ure). 
 
 £ 
 Imports.. ,. .. .. .. .. 73,623 
 
 Exports . . . . . . . . , . . . 5,435 
 
 Total .. .. .. ., .. 79,068« 
 
 * The trade was carried on entirely between Shanghu and Ningpo. 
 
 No. 5. — Return distinguishing the respective Amounts of Foreign and 
 Native Trade in Foreign Vessels vfitb other Treaty Ports, without 
 distinction of Flag, forming the Totals of No. 4. 
 
 
 •• 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. , 
 
 Foreign 
 Native 
 
 £ 
 
 67,052 
 
 6,571 
 
 £ 
 5,435 
 
 £ 
 67,052 
 }2,006 
 
 Total . . 
 
 73,623 
 
 5,435 
 
 79,058 
 
 
 Re-exports 
 (Signed) 
 
 not included. 
 
 PELHAM L. 
 
 Wi 
 
 \RREN, 
 Icting Consul. 
 
WENCHOW. 45 
 
 (B.)— Return of British Trade for the Year 1877 at the Port of 
 Wen chow. 
 
 No. 1. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 No. 2. — Value of Direct Trade with Great Britain and British 
 Dependencies (excluding Treasure) under any Flag. 
 
 [Na.i 
 
 No. 3. — Return of Trade under British Flag with other Treaty Ports. 
 
 Imports.. .. .. .. .. .. 66,587 
 
 Exports.. .. .. .. .. .. 5,619 
 
 Total .. .. .. .. .. 72,206* 
 
 * Re-exports included. 
 
 No. 4. — Return of Value of Imports of British, Indian, or Colonial 
 origin (excluding Treasure) from other Treaty Ports, carried under any 
 Flag. 
 
 Value of Imports . . . . • . • • . . £54* 
 
 * From Hong Kong. 
 
 No. 5.— ^RETURN of Exports destined for Great Britain, India, or the 
 Colonies, carried to other Treaty Ports under any Flag:. 
 
 [No Return.] 
 
 No. 6.— Return of Import and Export of Treasure from and to Great 
 Britain and British Dependencies. 
 
 [Nil.] 
 
 (Signed) PELHAM L. WARREN, 
 
 Acting Consul, 
 
46 
 
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