OLIN 
 
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 1913 
 
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 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085220048 
 
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 1913 
 
 Friends' Asylum 
 
 1813—1913 
 
 WITH SOME ILLUSTRATIONS OF 
 THE BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS 
 
 Frankford, Philadelphia 
 
 nnnnnnnnDDDDDDaaaaaaaaaaaaDaaaDDDDDDDDD 
 
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 085 220 048 
 
FRIENDS' ASYLUM 
 
 1813—1913 
 
FRIENDS' ASYLUM 
 
 Friends' Asylum,* projected by the Society of 
 Friends in Philadelphia, was founded in the year 
 1813. At that time there was no institution of its 
 kind in this country which could serve as a model. 
 Established as a hospital it has occupied for many 
 years a unique position among kindred institutions. 
 As its original purpose was to care for members 
 of the Society of Friends, it has been conducted 
 since its establishment under the charge and super- 
 vision of a Board of Managers, who, by the initial 
 constitution and present charter, are members of 
 that religious body. In the course of time, however, 
 it became evident that a much wider field of useful- 
 ness was open to the institution. In 1834 a ^ sec_ 
 tarian restrictions were removed and its doors were 
 opened to any patient seeking its aid. As a result 
 of this policy its patronage has become so general 
 in late years that comparatively few of the patients 
 are in membership with "Friends." 
 
 The institution is located in the suburbs of 
 Philadelphia, near Frankford, in a healthy and 
 retired region, about ten miles from the central 
 part of the city. Its station, Summerdale, is on 
 the Frankford branch of the Philadelphia and Read- 
 ing Railway. 
 
 The Asylum grounds, comprising about one hun- 
 dred acres of lawn and garden, are of rare beauty. 
 The extent and variety of its shrubbery and shade 
 trees, its walks and avenues, pavilions and green- 
 
 * In conformity with modern tendencies the managers have in con- 
 templation a change of the present title of the institution. 
 
 3 
 
houses, woodlands and recreation courts, leave little 
 which could add to its attractiveness. The main 
 building is a fine, large stone structure, cement 
 surfaced, with two ward wings. It faces the north- 
 east and overlooks an expanse of lawn two hundred 
 yards deep extending to the public highway. A 
 noticeable feature of the hospital is its cheerful, 
 homelike air, in which the patients obtain the bene- 
 fits of a well-ordered life. For those who desire 
 more ample quarters, there are large rooms and 
 suites, provided with lavatories, outside of the wards 
 proper. All, the advantages to be derived from the 
 free admission of light and air are obtained by 
 having the patients' rooms in the wards placed on 
 only one side of the corridor — a plan which has been 
 much commended, and which likewise avoids the 
 mutual annoyance that comes to patients occupying 
 opposite bedrooms. The men patients occupy the 
 east wing and the women patients the west wing 
 of the building. 
 
 The reputation enjoyed by this venerable hospital 
 and retreat for so many years cannot be attributed 
 to fortuitous circumstances, but is the natural out- 
 come of an earnest devotion to duty on the part of 
 its managers. With but one exception,* it is the 
 oldest institution in the United States for the exclu- 
 sive care of mental cases and a liberal and enlightened 
 policy has been steadily pursued; no judicious means, 
 elsewhere proved beneficial, has been rejected in the 
 treatment of its afflicted ones. To the active 
 personal interest of the managers and to their intimate 
 knowledge, not only of its affairs, but of the patients, 
 is due in large measure the success of the institution. 
 
 'Williamsburg, Va. 
 
Shortly after the original purchase in 1813, the 
 Board of Managers appointed a Committee on Farm 
 and Grounds, which, in what may be termed bucolic 
 succession, has come down to the present day, its 
 members continuing to discharge their important 
 function. The Association recognized the advan- 
 tages of having the institution placed in a healthy 
 location in the country. They saw, with equal 
 sagacity, the desirability of having attached to it a 
 tract of land. Hence they procured a farm that 
 served not only to supply fresh vegetables, fruits 
 and dairy products, but one that affords as well, 
 ample grounds for the recreation and exercise of the 
 patients. The original tract contained about fifty- 
 two acres, but this (the home property) has been 
 nearly doubled in size by the purchase of adjacent 
 plots from time to time as opportunity offered. Of 
 these premises, twenty-five acres are given over to 
 lawns and pleasure grounds for the patients, twenty- 
 two to woodland, three to buildings, thirty-two to 
 meadows, fourteen to kitchen garden and orchards 
 and four to farm buildings and yards. 
 
 In 1901 a farm of one hundred and four acres, 
 on the Pine road near Fox Chase, was purchased. 
 The Asylum, as owner and tenant, now controls 
 about three hundred and forty acres. This con- 
 siderable acreage is necessary not only for the supply 
 of fresh fruit and vegetables and recreation purposes, 
 but also to furnish pasture land and fodder for the 
 large dairy maintained by the Asylum. At no time, 
 probably, in the history of the institution, has this 
 department been conducted with more diligence and 
 enterprise than in the past ten or twenty years. 
 Most of the staple vegetables, such as potatoes, 
 
tomatoes, sweet corn, peas, beans, asparagus and 
 celery, have been raised in quantities sufficiently 
 large to nearly meet the requirements of home con- 
 sumption, while from the surplus production, in 
 some seasons, several thousand quarts of fruit and 
 vegetables have been put up in sealed cans. The 
 poultry yards are, likewise, maintained with energy, 
 because fresh eggs and common fowl, including 
 chickens, ducks and squabs, enter largely into the 
 diet of a hospital. The dairy farm has developed by 
 degrees and now possesses a herd of registered cattle 
 numbering about one hundred and thirty head. 
 The total production of a single year contains some 
 rather large items. A recent report reads: two hun- 
 dred and ten thousand eight hundred and fifty-six 
 quarts of milk, eleven thousand eight hundred and 
 four pounds of butter, nine thousand and twenty 
 quarts of buttermilk and one thousand four hundred 
 and fifty-four quarts of ice-cream. 
 
 The Fox Chase property, called Stanley Farm, 
 retains its name from the original owner, who was a 
 manager of the hospital from 1829 to 1835, and, 
 also an ancestor of some of the members of the 
 present Board of Managers. The improvements, in 
 addition to a stone farmhouse, a double-deck stone 
 barn and outbuildings, consist of a good sized stone 
 mansion, containing twelve rooms and bath. The 
 house, which had been lying idle a number of years, 
 was rehabilitated, and made entirely comfortable 
 for the reception of twelve patients and the house- 
 keeper, nurses and domestics. Steam heating and 
 electric light were introduced, and connection made 
 by telephone with the Asylum, five miles distant. 
 It was opened and occupied in the spring of 1903. 
 
 6 
 
The design is to give the patients a change of scene 
 in a beautiful country seat, following the somewhat 
 similar project of twelve years before, when the 
 patients, for a change, were taken to "Gurney Cot- 
 tage" at Atlantic City. 
 
 No feature in the treatment of cases of mental 
 and nervous disorder is more highly valued than 
 occupation, systematically applied and judiciously 
 carried out. Work is a law of our nature which 
 demands expression, in the mentally ill no less than 
 in the well. To understand this one has only to 
 reflect upon the depressing effect of inaction, then, 
 turn to the satisfaction and strength that result 
 from the agreeable use of one's mental and physical 
 powers. From the beginning Friends' Asylum made 
 intelligent and continuous effort to give the patients 
 the benefit that comes from employment and ra- 
 tional diversion. The Managers corresponded with 
 friends in England upon this important subject to 
 which they gave much time and attention. The men 
 patients, who were accustomed to farm life, were 
 employed in the grounds, gardens and stables, while 
 the women engaged in sewing, knitting and house- 
 hold work. A park for deer was enclosed in a part 
 of the woods in the south lands and lambs, poultry, 
 English rabbits and pigeons were introduced into 
 their pleasure grounds. In former years, a hand- 
 propelled car, running on a circular track laid out 
 on the front lawn, was very popular, as were also 
 mechanical swings. At a later date the bicycle had 
 its vogue. Carriage riding through the delightful 
 drives of the beautiful suburbs by which the Asylum 
 is surrounded, has long been a favorite form of rec- 
 
 7 
 
reation. Since the introduction of the automobile, 
 however, it has been almost wholly replaced by this 
 pleasanter form of locomotion. As early as 1838, 
 a library and reading pavilion was put up on the rear 
 lawn. It also contained cabinets of stuffed birds 
 and animals. A paper called "The Pearl" was 
 published at one time by the patients and a school 
 for each sex was maintained, conducted by trained 
 teachers, especially fitted for this work. The patients 
 also formed a restorative association, to aid each 
 other in getting well. In 1889 a large gymnasium 
 building, the first of its kind in this country, was 
 erected on the west front lawn, dedicated exclusively 
 to. the occupation and diversion of the patients. This 
 capacious building, the gift of philanthropic friends, 
 contains a gymnasium, which occupies the entire 
 upper floor, and a well-appointed amusement room 
 in the basement. The first floor is divided into 
 cheerful rooms for the manual arts in adapted forms. 
 The gymnasium can be readily converted into an 
 auditorium. Teachers, especially trained, conduct 
 the art and physical culture classes. The available 
 outdoor recreations comprise walks, carriage and 
 automobile rides, croquet, lawn tennis, golf, football, 
 baseball, etc., while the indoor occupations are 
 reading, writing, sewing and parlor games and like 
 diversions. In the winter months lectures, readings, 
 stereopticon and moving pictures are given on alter- 
 nate evenings throughout the season. The weekly 
 tea party, which for many years has been held every 
 Fifth-day in the officers' dining room, partakes in a 
 larger measure than might be supposed, of those 
 social qualities called "a feast of reason and a flow 
 of soul," by which similar functions in society are 
 
described. On afternoons not suitable for outdoor 
 exercise, the men patients are divided into two 
 groups and spend the time in separate recreation 
 rooms, provided for the purpose. On the other side 
 of the house, the officers and nurses assist the women 
 patients in two sewing or needle circles, which meet 
 on two afternoons of the week. In one a variety of 
 needle and raffia work is done, while the other is a 
 sewing bee, whose aim, like that of the "King's 
 Daughters," is to do plain work for the house, and 
 sometimes to supply the needs of the poor. The 
 teacher in art meets a class of patients in the studio 
 on three afternoons of the week for a session of two 
 hours, devoted to practical drawing and painting; 
 four times a week she conducts a re-educational class 
 of less capable patients, in simple marches, drills and 
 maneuvers in less regular and orderly manner than 
 that attempted by the higher classes. 
 
 The managers have long favored the employ- 
 ment of women as nurses, ward maids, etc., in certain 
 parts of the men's wards. The adoption of the plan 
 has resulted in gratifying success, and they have 
 lately carried this idea still further by the appoint- 
 ment of a ward matron. She assumes the many- 
 sided function of housekeeper, nurse, companion, 
 entertainer, friend and protector of the patient in his 
 domicile, the ward. 
 
 In 1879 a "kind friend" donated to the insti- 
 tution the sum of five hundred dollars for the pur- 
 pose of erecting a greenhouse. From this small 
 nucleus, it may be said that a desire for flowers and 
 plants took its origin, and has grown and developed 
 with the years. With this sum an attractive house 
 
 9 
 
was erected near the boiler house and to it, from 
 time to time, additions were made. In 1905 the 
 old structures, having fallen into decay, were torn 
 down and on the rear east lawn on a line with the 
 central fountain a large conservatory plant was 
 erected. The main house is of steel frame construc- 
 tion, the domed center of which is occupied by large 
 palms and other tropical plants. In place of the 
 conventional fountain, a rockery was devised, on one 
 side of which irregular stones break the waterfall 
 before it gains the quiet pool which is supplied with 
 gold fish. The whole place, embowered in luxuriant 
 foliage interspersed with walks and seats, makes a 
 sort of fairy land for the patients. The north wing 
 is used for blooming and foliage plants, ferns and 
 small palms; and the south wing for crotons and 
 other potted plants. To the east of the main con- 
 servatory, and masked by it from the south lawn, 
 are a propagating house, a carnation house and a 
 house for winter blooming roses. There is also a 
 smaller house for violets and the storage of hardy 
 plants, and a building used as a workroom and store- 
 room. The patients have access to the greenhouses, 
 where they enjoy the many varieties of plants and 
 flowers; the profusion with which their living quar- 
 ters are also furnished is attested by the gardener's 
 supply book which shows that in a single season 
 fifteen to twenty thousand cut roses are distributed 
 and a proportionate number of carnations and other 
 blooms. The greenhouses are conducted with com- 
 paratively little outlay. Contributing as they do to 
 the curative means at hand, this expense may prop- 
 erly find place in the footings of the drug lists, or 
 in the totals that make up the remedial appliances. 
 
 10 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
To the south of the conservatory is an old fashioned 
 garden with brilliant flower beds and box-lined walks. 
 In this fragrant enclosure the patient may wander 
 at will and with equal freedom pluck the flowers. 
 
 In 1892, when it became necessary to increase the 
 capacity of the Asylum, the managers decided to 
 put up a detached cottage, for a certain class of 
 women patients, rather than add to the main build- 
 ing. This extension, situated about three hundred 
 feet south of the boiler house, consisted of two build- 
 ings, connected by a covered corridor. The larger 
 of the two contains, on the first floor, seven bed- 
 rooms, a day room, a dining room and pantry; a 
 similar arrangement is carried out on the second 
 floor. The bath-room and toilet rooms are in a 
 separate wing, connected by an entry, in accordance 
 with modern requirements. The smaller building is 
 one story in height, and is designed for the more 
 acute cases. It has nine bedrooms, a day room and 
 a pantry, with a detached bath and toilet room. 
 The buildings are connected with the boiler house 
 and with the main house by tunnels; thus food may 
 be supplied from the central kitchen and heat from 
 the central plant. In the basement are large heating 
 coils and a ventilating fan. These two buildings 
 were designated, in memory of the late superintend- 
 ent, Dr. Hall, "The John C. Hall Memorial," having 
 just been completed at the time of his death. 
 
 When in 1909 it was expedient to further increase 
 the accommodations for patients, it seemed best to 
 extend the provisions of the last described group, 
 by adding another ward building, in proximity to it. 
 The main structure is rectangular, with two stories 
 
 11 
 
and a basement. It stands to the south of the former 
 wards, about fifty-two yards distant, with the 
 refectory midway between them, connected to each 
 by a substantial enclosed corridor. The exterior 
 is of red brick in Flemish design, to correspond with 
 the first group. The east face is flanked by two 
 airy porches, shut in from the weather, and the 
 south stretch of wall is relieved at the center by deep 
 bays, extending the full height of the building. On 
 the west front, smaller sun porches, similarly en- 
 closed, and a three-bed dormitory on each floor, 
 balance the projecting wing at the opposite end. 
 The patients' bedrooms, facing the south, are twelve 
 in number in each story, and are divided into two 
 sections by a large sitting room in the middle of the 
 hall. At an equal distance from either end, in a 
 detached wing, connected by a short passageway, 
 are located the well-equipped lavatories finished in 
 tile and porcelain. There are two separate bath- 
 rooms in each ward and a private toilet and bath- 
 room connected with a suite of rooms on the first 
 floor. As the lower hall is designed for the reception 
 of acute cases, one of the bath-rooms, above de- 
 scribed, is installed with the appliances of a continu- 
 ous bath. The Board, in loving recollection of 
 Samuel Morris, long a manager of the Asylum, and 
 from its incorporation until his resignation, the 
 President of the Corporation, named this building 
 the Samuel Morris Memorial, and erected a suit- 
 able tablet upon its walls. This new building, with 
 the congregate dining room annex, and with the 
 John C. Hall Memorial, form a larger group for the 
 care of an important class of patients. 
 
 The Associate dining room is a one-story build- 
 
 12 
 
ing, the main feature of which is a large dome-shaped 
 room, subdivided into a series of alcoves, separated 
 by suitable partitions. Adjoining are a serving 
 room and a nurses' dining room. The space allotted 
 to the latter is carried into a second story for sleeping 
 quarters for nurses. This section of the Asylum is 
 fireproof throughout. It provided thirty additional 
 beds to the institution, which brings its capacity, 
 including that of the cottages, to about two hundred 
 patients. 
 
 When Nurses' Training Schools were introduced 
 into mental hospitals, the managers of this insti- 
 tution recognized their usefulness and in 1894 organ- 
 ized its Training School for Nurses. The higher 
 standard of efficiency in the caretakers of the patients 
 has compensated fully for the labor and incon- 
 venience involved. The two years' course of train- 
 ing comprises general nursing, with special reference 
 to the care of cases of nervous and mental disease. 
 When the full course is satisfactorily completed a 
 diploma is granted, which certifies to the nurse's 
 proficiency and good character. It is certain that 
 a better class of applicants is generally attracted to 
 the field of mental nursing, if a liberal training is 
 assured to them. As a consequence the moral and 
 intellectual standard of the nursing staff is notice- 
 ably higher in those institutions which maintain 
 a training school. From the physician's standpoint, 
 the advantage becomes apparent in the increased skill 
 and attention given to the patient's condition and 
 symptoms and by the greater accuracy and scientific 
 value of the reports written by the nurse trained to 
 appreciate the significance of her observations. 
 
 13 
 
The Nurses' Home named Elmhurst, a gift of 
 interested friends of the Asylum, was built during 
 1896. The building, colonial in style, is eighty feet 
 long and forty-two feet wide, with three stories and 
 a basement. It stands nearly in line with the main 
 building, one hundred and thirty feet away, and is 
 connected with it and the power house by two well- 
 lighted tunnels. The exterior is of mottled-buff 
 brick, and the window trimmings are of Kentucky 
 blue-stone. At either end are porches and the 
 building is surmounted by an open observatory. 
 The main entrance has stone columns and an open 
 portico. Besides the entrance hall and reception 
 room on the first floor, there are three large suites 
 of rooms for patients desiring superior accommo- 
 dations. These suites consist each of parlor, bed- 
 room, nurse's bedroom and bath-room. The second 
 and third floors are divided into nurses' bedrooms, 
 most of which are single, with accessories of bath, 
 toilet, linen room, lift, etc. All the suites on the 
 first floor and two of the rooms upstairs have open 
 fireplaces. The building is piped for gas and wired 
 for electric lighting. The basement is divided into 
 large rooms with a hallway running through the 
 center. In the center basement beneath the front 
 door, is built a fireproof room with an iron door pro- 
 tected by a combination lock, for preserving the 
 archives of the Asylum. 
 
 The treatment of the patients continues to receive, 
 as in the past, a large share of earnest thought and 
 consideration. The uniformly good health of those 
 who have been residents of the Asylum for consider- 
 able periods and the rapid improvement that takes 
 
 ,14 
 
place after a short sojourn, in the physical condition 
 of a majority of those admitted, attest the health- 
 fulness of this locality as a retreat for hospital sub- 
 jects. Invalids of all types respond to the stimulus 
 of fresh air, sunshine, and beautiful rural scenery; 
 in no less degree do these agents exert their whole- 
 some influence upon the mind diseased or impaired. 
 The natural beauty of the grounds has been much 
 enhanced by extensive landscape gardening through 
 many years. The pleasure grounds of the patients 
 have been made almost ideal and can scarcely fail 
 to excite in them pleasant and hopeful emotions. 
 This has been done not as a matter of show, but as an 
 important factor in the curative measures employed. 
 Such resources do not admit, to be sure, of being 
 prescribed in definite dosage, as medicine from a 
 bottle, but that the results are remedial and positive 
 there are ample indications at hand. From the hos- 
 pital standpoint, there are two distinct functions 
 to keep in mind respecting the patient, (i) the treat- 
 ment of the disease, and (2) the exacting responsi- 
 bility of caring for a dependent person, which in the 
 highest degree appeals to the sympathy of the man- 
 agement. Besides such measures as the general 
 practitioner uses in the art of healing, the hospital 
 physician resorts to many not found in the materia 
 medica. His problem, more than the ordinary medi- 
 cal man's, involves the regulation of the individual, 
 superadded to the medical care of the patient. He 
 needs to bring into service not only the proper use 
 of rest and exercise, massage, thermal and mechan- 
 ical agencies, and the disciplinary entailment of 
 such treatment, but also every measure which may 
 bring about the control of will power, a reinforce- 
 
 15 
 
ment of the intelligence, and a regulation of the 
 emotional sphere. In the evolution of medical 
 science the requirements of practice are ever more 
 exacting. Formerly, electricity, massage, Swedish 
 movements and hydrotherapy belonged distinctly 
 to the sanitarium, but in late years these important 
 .modes of treatment have been introduced to a great 
 extent into hospitals like this. 
 
 For some years the managers have contemplated 
 the introduction of a satisfactory system of water 
 treatment, in a building where all the various adapt- 
 able appliances in the treatment of patients could 
 be administered. In 191 1, through the generosity 
 of a friend of the Hospital, a fine building for this 
 purpose, named Hygeia, was erected and the hydro- 
 therapeutic apparatus installed. The building is 
 located in the rear lawn, on a line with the center 
 fountain and not' far distant from the John C. Hall 
 Memorial. The house is rectangular, with two 
 stories and a commodious basement, divided into 
 rooms for special uses, as photographic and museum 
 rooms, etc. The exterior walls are of mottled-buff 
 brick in Flemish bond, relieved by Kentucky blue- 
 stone sills and window caps. The front entrance is 
 faced by columnar side supports of an unornamented 
 portico design in the same stone. The entrance 
 hall communicates by two doors with the hydro- 
 therapeutic department, and a neat oak stairway 
 leads to the floor above. The hydriatric marble- 
 room on the first floor is the most important one, 
 fitted with controller table, needle spray and rain- 
 douche fixtures, sitz bath, marble top shampoo table 
 and warming oven for sheets. Besides there are the 
 preparation room with electric light cabinet and 
 
 16 
 
fomentation sink; pack room with cots and pack 
 sink; the electric bath-room; patients' robing room, 
 with dressing stalls and lavatory; and a nurses' 
 room. On the second floor, the central space com- 
 prises a large room for special appliances, such as 
 static electric machine, large vibrator for general 
 and local application, leucodescent lamp and dark 
 closet for eye examination, etc. At the north side 
 is a special examination and operating room, beauti- 
 fully marbled and tiled and equipped in the most 
 approved manner. At the south side is a bright 
 solarium, furnished appropriately for relaxation. 
 In the opposite corner are located the nurse's bed- 
 room, bath and general lavatory. The interior wood 
 work is of quartered oak, and the doors are of the 
 flush-panel pattern. The basement of the building 
 is connected with the general tunnel system of the 
 Asylum, which affords easy extension of the pipes, 
 etc., for water, steam and electricity, from the utility 
 building not far distant, and also gives ready passage- 
 way to and from the wards for the patients. 
 
 This sketch of the institution may fittingly close 
 with the prophetic words of the Clerk of the Board, 
 recently deceased. In speaking of mental medicine, 
 he says: "There is, therefore, everything to encour- 
 age all in their efforts, and it cannot too often be 
 recalled for the encouragement of those entering 
 into the work, whether as physicians or members of 
 governing boards, that they will likely see advances in 
 this field of humane endeavor much beyond the 
 achievements of any previous period." 
 
 17 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 INFORMATION RESPECTING FRIENDS' ASYLUM AND 
 REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION 
 
CORPORATION 
 
 SECRETARY 
 WALTER P. STOKES 
 
 219 Market Street 
 
 Elliston P. Morris 
 
 Alexander C. Wood 
 William Scattergood 
 James Emlen 
 George S. Webster 
 Samuel Biddle 
 Joel Cadbury 
 Henry Cope 
 Walter P. Stokes 
 Franklin Smedley 
 Samuel L. Allen 
 
 William T. Elkinton 
 Henry W. Comfort 
 John W. Tatum 
 
 Thomas P. Cope 
 Howard E. Yarnall 
 Alfred G. Scattergood 
 George A. Rhoads 
 Walter J. Buzby 
 Thomas Evans 
 
 PRESIDENT 
 
 ALEXANDER C. WOOD 
 
 Camden, N. J. 
 
 TREASURER 
 
 ALFRED G. SCATTERGOOD 
 
 409 Chestnut Street 
 MANAGERS 
 
 Germantown, and Wm. Forrest Building, 119 
 
 South Fourth Street. 
 Riverton, N. J., and Camden, N. J. 
 427 North Walnut Street, West Chester, Pa. 
 Germantown 
 Frankford, Philadelphia 
 1429 Arch Street 
 11 36 Ridge Avenue 
 Germantown 
 
 Moorestown, N. J., and 219 Market Street 
 Frankford, Philadelphia 
 Moorestown, N. J., and Denckla Building, 
 
 1 lth and Market Streets 
 121 South Third Street 
 Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa. 
 Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa., and 416 Walnut 
 
 Street 
 Germantown 
 
 4727 Springfield Avenue, and 1026 Race St. 
 Germantown, and 409 Chestnut Street 
 Wilmington, Delaware 
 Hotel Dennis, Atlantic City, N. J. 
 Germantown, and Fifteenth and Clearfield Sts. 
 
 CLERK OF THE BOARD 
 WILLIAM T. ELKINTON 
 
 121 South Third Street 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
 Alexander C. Wood, Chairman John W. Tatum 
 Joel Cadbury George A. Rhoads 
 
 Samuel L. Allen Walter J. Buzby 
 
 COMMITTEE ON FARM AND GROUNDS 
 
 George S. Webster, Chairman Franklin Smedley 
 Walter P. Stokes Henry W. Comfort 
 
 FINANCE COMMITTEE 
 
 Howard E. Yarnall, Chairman James Emlen 
 Elliston P. Morris Alfred G. Scattergood (ex-officio) 
 
 21 
 
OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION 
 
 PHYSICIAN-IN-CHIEF AND SUPERINTENDENT 
 ROBERT HOWLAND CHASE, A.M., M.D. 
 
 STEWARD 
 HENRY HALL 
 
 ASSISTANT PHYSICIANS 
 
 ALBERT C. BUCKLEY, A.M., M.D. 
 
 MARIAN O'HARROW, M.D. 
 
 NON-RESIDENT STAFF 
 
 OPHTHALMOLOGIST PATHOLOGIST 
 
 WENDELL REBER, M.D. W. M. L. COPLIN, M.D. 
 
 1212 Spruce Street Jefferson Medical College 
 
 DENTIST GYNECOLOGIST 
 
 FRANK HAAS, D.D.S. CAROLINE M. PURNELL, M.D. 
 
 Prankford, Philadelphia 132 S. Eighteenth Street 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF THE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES 
 MARIAN O'HARROW, M.D. 
 
 MATRON 
 SUSANNA W. LIPPINCOTT 
 
 DIRECTRESS OF GYMNASIUM 
 S. GERTRUDE BRADLEY 
 
 23 
 
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION 
 
 The institution is open for the reception of all cases of 
 mental disease. Before a patient is taken to the institution, 
 it is necessary to arrange the rate of board with a Manager, 
 or, if more convenient, with the Superintendent; also, to fur- 
 nish a certificate, signed by two reputable physicians, accom- 
 panied by a request that the patient may be received, signed by 
 a guardian, or by a relative or friend, in case the patient has 
 no guardian. 
 
 Voluntary patients are also received under the provisions 
 of the laws of the State. Subjects of neurasthenia, or those 
 threatened with mental disease or addicted to the use of opium 
 or other drugs, are in this way admitted without medical certi- 
 ficates or any legal process except an agreement signed by them 
 at the time of their admission. Such agreements cannot exceed 
 one month, but may be renewed for successive periods of 
 thirty days. 
 
 For the payment of board, etc., an agreement should be 
 signed by at least two responsible persons as sureties, one of 
 whom should reside in or near Philadelphia. 
 
 A written history of the case should be sent with the patient, 
 or, if possible, some one acquainted with the individual should 
 accompany him, from whom minute but essential particulars 
 may be learned. The charge for board includes laundry, medi- 
 cines, medical attendance, etc. The price charged in individual 
 cases will depend upon the accommodations, character of case, 
 number of nurses and other considerations. If private nurses 
 are deemed necessary or desirable, they can at all times be fur- 
 nished by special arrangements with the Superintendent. 
 
 If a male patient, he should be provided with two suits of 
 clothes, four dress shirts, three night shirts, four pairs of socks, 
 three pairs of drawers, three undershirts, hat, neckties, collars, 
 handkerchiefs, shoes and a pair of slippers. 
 
 If a female patient, in addition to a similar quantity of 
 undergarments, night dresses, shoes and stockings, she should 
 be provided also with a flannel petticoat, two good dresses, a 
 cloak or other outside garment, a bonnet or hat and gloves. 
 
 Money, jewelry and valuables should be left at home, as 
 
 25 
 
they are liable to be lost, and the institution disclaims responsi- 
 bility for anything of this kind left in the possession of the 
 patient. 
 
 All clothing not taken away at the time of the patient's 
 removal, or within three months afterward, will be disposed of 
 as the Superintendent may think best, and no compensation 
 will be made therefor. 
 
 Packages for a patient may be left at the Friends' Institute, 
 20 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia, or may be sent by 
 express, and can be directed to the patient, or to the Asylum. 
 The name and address of sender should be enclosed, in order 
 that the receipt of package may be acknowledged. 
 
 Patients may be visited by their relatives and friends on 
 any day of the week except First-day (Sunday), between the 
 hours of nine and five o'clock. In urgent illness, however, the 
 friends of patients are not restricted in their visits. In order 
 to preserve quiet on First-day, visiting for any purpose, at that 
 time, is discouraged. 
 
 In case of serious illness, the Superintendent will notify the 
 relatives or friends of patients, either by letter, telephone or 
 telegram; and at all times will hold himself in readiness to 
 answer inquiries concerning patients. Letters should be 
 addressed to the Superintendent, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 The Asylum can be reached from Philadelphia by the 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railway and by the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad, or the electric cars. The former has a station, 
 named Summerdale, within a short walk of the Asylum. 
 
 The institution has long distance telephone connections, 
 and in cases of emergency this can be used for inquiries, even 
 as to admission of patients. 
 
 26 
 
FORMS FOR ADMISSION 
 
 REQUEST FOR THE ADMISSION OF A PATIENT 
 
 To be Signed by a Guardian, Relative or Friend. 
 (State Degree of Relationship, or other Circumstances of Connection with 
 
 the Patient.) 
 
 I, the undersigned, hereby request that , a mental case, be 
 
 received as a patient into "Friends' Asylum;" believing that such deten- 
 tion is necessary for h benefit. 
 
 Subjoined is a statement respecting the said 
 
 Dated this day of one thousand nine hundred and 
 
 To , Superintendent of "Friends' Asylum," Frankford, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 CERTIFICATE OF PHYSICIANS 
 
 We, the undersigned, residents of Pennsylvania, hereby certify that 
 we have within one week prior to the respective dates hereinafter men- 
 tioned, at in the County of , separately examined 
 of and do verily believe that the said is insane, and 
 that the disease is of a character which, in our opinion, requires that the 
 person shall be placed in a Hospital or other establishment where the 
 insane are detained for care and treatment. 
 
 We further certify that we are graduates of an incorporated Medical 
 College, and that we have been actually in the practice of medicine for at 
 least five years, and tha't we are not related by blood or marriage to the 
 said nor in any way connected, as medical attendants or 
 
 otherwise, with the Hospital or other establishment in which it is proposed 
 to place the aforesaid. 
 
 (Signed) M.D. 
 
 Residence, 
 Dated this day of one thousand nine hundred and 
 
 (Signed) _ M.D. 
 
 Residence, 
 Dated this day of one thousand nine hundred and 
 
 CERTIFICATE OF A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE 
 
 I, of County, in the State of Pennsylvania, do certify 
 
 that the foregoing certificate was duly before me, by the above 
 
 named and on this day of 19 ; that the 
 
 signatures thereto are genuine, and that the signers are physicians in good 
 standing and repute. 
 
 [seal] 
 
 LAW OF 1883 
 
 Note. — The Certificate must be signed by at least two physicians, and made within 
 one week of the examination of the patient, and within two weeks of the time of the 
 admission of the patient, and shall be duly sworn to or affirmed before a Judge or Magis- 
 trate of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and of the county where such person has 
 been examined, who shall certify to the genuineness of the signatures and to the standing 
 and good repute of the signers. 
 
 And any person falsely certifying, as aforesaid, shall be guilty of misdemeanor and 
 shall also be liable civilly to the party aggrieved. 
 
 The Certificate of a Notary Public will not be received. 
 
 27 
 
Statement 
 
 If any particulars in this statement are not known, the fact is to be so stated. 
 
 i. Name of patient, with Christian name at length. 
 
 2. Sex and age. 
 
 3. Residence for the past year, or so much thereof as is known. 
 
 4. Occupation, trade or employment. 
 
 5. Parents, if living. 
 
 6. Husband or wife. 
 
 7. Children. 
 
 8. Brothers and sisters, and the residences of each of these persons. 
 
 9. If not more than one of these classes is known, the names and 
 residence of such of the next degree of relations as are known. 
 
 10. A statement of the time at which the disease has been supposed 
 to exist, and the symptoms. 
 
 1 1 . Name and address of all medical attendants of the patient during 
 the last two years. 
 
 Signed, 
 
 (When the person signing the statement is not the person who signs 
 the order, the following particulars concerning the person signing the 
 statement are to be added, viz:) 
 
 Occupation, if any. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Degree of relationship, if any, or other circumstances in connection 
 with the patient. 
 
 Form for Admission of a Voluntary Patient to be 
 Signed by Patient 
 
 I, the undersigned, hereby request to be received as a patient into 
 "Friends' Asylum,'' believing that such a course will prove beneficial to 
 me. 
 
 Signed, 
 
 Dated this day of one thousand nine hundred and 
 
 To . Superintendent of "Friends' Asylum." 
 
 28 
 
AGREEMENT 
 
 FOR THE PAYMENT OF BOARD AND CHARGES 
 
 (Whenever possible, one of the signers of this Agreement should reside in or 
 near Philadelphia, otherwise a satisfactory Trust Company should be sub- 
 stituted.) 
 
 IN CONSIDERATION of the admission of as a patient 
 
 into "Friends' Asylum" situated near Frankford, Philadelphia, we jointly 
 and severally bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators and 
 assigns, to pay, in advance, the charges for weeks — not less than 
 
 four weeks' board to be paid under any circumstance — to 
 Steward of said Institution, or to his assigns or successor in office, 
 
 Dollars per week, for board; said charge for board to be 
 
 continued until shall be discharged; and to make compensation 
 
 for all damages done by to the glass, bedding, or furniture; 
 
 also, to provide a sufficiency of suitable clothing for use while 
 
 there; and in case it is not furnished when required, it is agreed that the 
 Steward may purchase such as may be needed; the expense thereof to be 
 a part of this contract and added to the charge for board; also, to cause 
 to be removed when discharged. 
 
 The Managers reserve the right to discharge the said patient from the 
 Institution in case of non-payment of said board and charges, according 
 to the terms above stipulated. 
 
 Witness our hands and seals, this day of A. D. ig 
 
 Witness: 
 
 [seal] 
 [seal] 
 [seal] 
 
 ADMIT as a Patient into "Friends' Asylum, " 
 
 near Frankford, Philadelphia. 
 
 Manager. 
 
 To \ Mo. 19 
 
 Superintendent of " Friends' Asylum.' J 
 
 29 
 
Annuities 
 
 A mode of obtaining contributions by annuities, not much known 
 amongst us, but familiar to Friends in England, has been agreed on by the 
 Corporation. On paying any sum of money to the Treasurer, for the use 
 of the Institution , interest at such rate as may be agreed upon will be paid 
 annually or semi-annually to the annuitant; at whose decease the interest 
 money ceases, and the principal remains the property of the Asylum. 
 This mode will probably be convenient to many who are desirous of 
 promoting the designs of the Institution, and yet do not prefer making any 
 considerable donation during their lifetime. 
 
 Forms of Legacy 
 
 I. Form of Bequest of Personal Property. 
 
 I give and bequeath to Friends' Asylum, the sum of $ 
 (or other personal property, describing the same). 
 
 II. Form of Devise of Real Estate. 
 
 I give and devise to Friends' Asylum, their successors and assigns, 
 all that (here describe the property). 
 
 30 
 
Training School for Nurses 
 
 The Managers have established at the institution a school 
 for the instruction of young men and young women desirous of 
 becoming nurses. This course of training comprises general 
 nursing with special reference to the care of cases of nervous 
 and mental disease. 
 
 To enter the school it is requisite that applicants shall have 
 a kind and cheerful disposition, that they shall be trustworthy, 
 industrious, intelligent, and possessed of a fair education. 
 Testimonials from two responsible persons stating the good 
 character and qualifications of the applicant must be furnished. 
 The most desirable age for candidates is from twenty-one to 
 thirty-five years. 
 
 Those wishing to take the course should make application, 
 preferably in person, to the Superintendent of the Asylum. 
 Approved candidates are-, received on two months' probation 
 at any time there may be a vacancy. Their fitness for the work, 
 and the propriety of retaining or dismissing them at the end 
 of the two months' trial, is determined by the Physician in-chief, 
 who in like manner exercises the authority of terminating the 
 connection of any nurse with the school, for reasons which may 
 be deemed sufficient. 
 
 In connection with the Training School is Elmhurst, the 
 home for the women nurses — a detached building, situated 
 near the institution, with pleasant rooms and such accommo- 
 dations as will make it a comfortable home for those engaged 
 in this work. 
 
 In 1898 the facilities of the school were increased by the 
 addition of a department in diet cooking for the senior class. 
 To promote the skilled teaching in this branch a large room in 
 the basement has been fitted out with a gas-stove for each pupil, 
 charts, and every requisite essential to such instruction. 
 
 Strange as it may seem, this very important auxiliary is 
 usually neglected in general training schools. The Managers, 
 recognizing, however, its importance in the training of nurses, 
 have spared no needed outlay to make it equal to any like 
 advantages to be obtained elsewhere. 
 
 The Superintendent of Nurses has charge of the Training 
 School, under the general direction of the Superintendent of 
 
 31 
 
the Asylum, and the nurses are subject to the rules of the 
 Asylum. 
 
 Lectures and demonstrations are given at stated periods 
 by the Asylum Medical Staff, including the Head of the Train- 
 ing School, by a competent Masseur, by the Teacher of the 
 Cooking School, and by the Head Nurses. Examinations on 
 these courses are held at stated intervals during the school 
 term. 
 
 The instruction includes the general care of the sick; the 
 managing of helpless and bedridden patients; the making of 
 beds, moving and changing of bed and body linen, etc., the 
 prevention and treatment of bed sores; the application of 
 fomentations, poultices, counter-irritants and the like; the 
 giving of baths, the administering of enemas, and the use of 
 the catheter; the preparing and serving of food, the feeding of 
 helpless patients and those who refuse food; the observations of 
 the sick in regard to the state of the secretions, pulse, respiration 
 and temperature; the effects of diet, stimulants and medicines. 
 
 The pupils are taught the laws of hygiene as regards the 
 best practical methods of supplying fresh air in the warming and 
 ventilation of the sick room, sleeping room and ward, and in 
 keeping the patient properly dressed. Special attention is 
 given to the laws of cleanliness and the disinfection of all 
 utensils. Twelve weeks are devoted to instruction in band- 
 aging, and the application of minor surgical dressings; twelve 
 weeks to training in cooking class; and twenty weeks are given 
 to the theory and practice of massage. Throughout the term 
 each nurse is required to take the course in physical training 
 in the well-equipped gymnasium, where the modern methods 
 of physical culture are taught. 
 
 A comprehensive course of training is given in the obser- 
 vation of mental symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, 
 delirium, stupor, etc., with the special treatment necessary 
 in the care of excited, violent or suicidal patients; in the attend- 
 ance upon patients requiring diversion and companionship, 
 and in the management of convalescents. 
 
 When the full course of instruction is ended, which requires 
 for its completion about two years, and after passing satis- 
 factorily the required examinations, the nurses thus trained 
 
 32 
 
receive the diploma of the school, certifying to their proficiency 
 and good character. 
 
 The text-books recommended are the following: 
 
 Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses Kimber 
 
 Massage and the Swedish Movements Ostrom 
 
 Materia Medica for Nurses Dock 
 
 Text-book on Nursing Weeks 
 
 Text-book on Nursing Hampton 
 
 Care of the Nervous and Insane Mills 
 
 Outlines of Psychology Town 
 
 Physiology and Hygiene Hutchinson 
 
 Medical Dictionary Gould 
 
 33 
 
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