SBoB US y y^ OJotncU Uniueraitg SIthratg atljata, ■Nem lark FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854.1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library Z5305.U5 S66 1900 General index to the American statesmen olin 3 1924 029 576 380 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029576380 ILarge#J3aper CtJttwn AMERICAN STATESMEN EDITED BY JOHN T. MORSE, JR. IN THIETr-TWO VOLUMES VOL. XXXII. GENERAL INDEX THEODORE CLARKE SMITH "T IT' - -jf^ I Hv tr .^>Q lAB-GI. EAJPEE EDITI .:M^//aa^-ii>4^/!t>,c^ -/SJe:" HOUGHTOH, MTFFLIK & CO. American ^tatciBfmen GENERAL INDEX TO THE AMERICAN STATESMEN SERIES WITH A SELECTED BIBLIOGEAPHY BY THEODORE CLARKE SMITH BOSTON AND NEW TOEK HOUGHTON, MIPFLESr AND COMPANY % l3«niber....T. 4 76/ / 73 COPYBIGHT, 1900, BY HOUGHTON, MIFrLIN » CO. AI/L BIGHTS BESERVED .,1 \ iv\ >i,p;.) « EDITOR'S PREFACE I CAJmoT permit this Index Volume to be given to the public without an expression of my gratitude to Mr. Theodore Clarke Smith, who has made it. He has per- formed with admirable patience the great labor in the way of detail easily visible to every person of any liter- ary experience ; and he planned the entire arrangement. This volume, the fruit of his toil, has given to the Series a unity, and thereby a value for all students, which I knew existed in it, but which I, at least, had not thought of developing in this practical manner. Before Mr. Smith made this Index, the several volumes stood like a row of railway cars, in juxtaposition on the rails, but not firmly linked into the entirety of a train. There- upon he came, and skilfully did precisely that which needed to be done. If he did not invent, he at least applied the most approved coupling apparatus and vesti- bule appointments, and thereby he created out of the parts a great unit, an integral train, so that whoever gets aboard it has perfect communication throughout its entire length, and can at once and easUy pass to any section and find any passenger within it. Jomr T. MoBSB, Je. BosTOK, August 11, 1900. PEEFACE This volume is intended to make the American States- men Series serve the purpose of a reference work on American history from 1760 to 1874. To this end it con- tains the following parts : First, there is a general index of names in which are grouped all references to persons of any prominence in the volumes of the series. Second, there is a general index of all topics re- ferred to in the series. The purpose was not to give a complete alphabetical list of all events, places and institutions mentioned, but rather to group them under natural and obvious headings, supplemented by numer- ous cross references. In this way space has been saved and repetition avoided. Third, there is a bibliography comprising lists of bibliographical and other reference works, general his- tories and dictionaries, and lists of biographical and top- ical references arranged to correspond with the indexes of names and of topics. In making this bibliography the compiler has relied principally upon "Winsor's " Nar- rative and Critical History of America," and Channing and Hart's " Guide to American History," adding to the lists thus obtained certain books which have appeared since the publication of these works. The bibhography is restricted in scope to the period covered by, and the persons and subjects treated in, the Statesmen series. In general it comprises selected lists of secondary works, with references to a few such sources as are fairly Ti PREFACE obvious in character, like United States documents and newspapers. These three parts will facilitate the use of the series as a reference work. From the two indexes the reader may find what there is upon any given person or sub- ject, and may thus without difiBculty secure as many points of view and as much varied information as the several authors furnish. If desirous of carrying the matter further, he will find in the bibliography fists of the best general works and of such special works as have been pubhshed bearing on the man or event in question. If he wishes to go stUl further, he is given lists of bib- liographies wherein he may find the latest word on the literature of the subject. In this way a series of bio- graphies, each complete in itself, may easily become a useful work for historical reference. T. C. S. Bbooklute, Mass. August, 1900. CONTENTS FAOE Inbex or Names 1 Topical Index yjj Bibliography 3gj General Works 331 Biographical Works 384 Topical References 425 NOTE In this Index the several Tolumea of the American Statesmen Series are des^nated by abbreviations as below : — Benjamin Franklin, BF Samuel Adams, SA Patrick Henry, PH George Washington, 6W : GW ii. John Adams, JA Alexander Hamilton, AH Gouverneur Morris, GM John Jay, JJ John Marshall, JMar Thomas Jefferson, TJ James Madison, JMad Albert GaUatin AG James Monroe, JMon John Qniucy Adams, JQA John Kandolph, JR Andrew Jackson, AJ Martin Van Buren, MVB Henry Clay, HC i., HC ii. Daniel Webster, DW John C. Calhoun, JCC Thomas H. Benton, THB Lewis Cass, LC Abraham Lincoln, AL i., AL ii. William H. Seward, WHS Salmon P. Chase, SPC Charles Francis Adams, CFA Charles Sumner, CS Thaddeus Stevens, TS INDEX OF NAMES ABEBDEEX, aHOBOS GOBDOST, iEABIi OF, negotiates opening of West India trade, AJ 215; sends dispatch to Upshnr on Texas, HC ii. 248, JCC 230- 235; at Webster's suggestion, o£feis compiomise in Oregon con- troversy, DW 259. ABAIB, GENSBAIi JOHIT, connected with Burr's plot, JMar 206; resigns from Senate, HC i. 35, 47; has controversy with Jackson, A J 46; leader of " relief " party in Kentucky, A J 163, 164. ADAMS, ABIGAII., her character and influence, JA 19, 40, 82, 83, 319, JQA 23, CFA 11; her life during siege of Boston, JQA 2, 3; in France and England, JA 227, 229; her opinions on public men, BF 210, JA 263, TJ 199, GW i. 137; her letters, CFA 40, 41. ADAMS, CHABIiSS FBAITCIS, see index to separate volume on C. F. Adams; opposes admission of Texas, CFA 77, 78, CS 43; leader of " Conscience Whigs" in Massachusetts, CFA 80- 88, CS 52-54; a leader in Free-Soil movement, CFA 89, CS 68, 74, 92- 97; nominated for vice-president at Buffalo Convention, MYB 427, 429, HC ii. 312, LC 253, WHS 49, CFA 91, CS 59; 2 INDEX OP NAMES ADAMS, CHABIiES FBAKTCIS (continued), opposes Free-Soil and Democratic coalition, CS 76; elected to Congress, CFA 105, CS 162; supports compromise measures in 1861, CFA 129-142, CS 189, TS 122; [144; appointed minister to England, AL i. 372, WHS 268, CFA his instructions, AL i. 373-375, WHS 279, CFA 145; complains of English recognition of Confederate belliger- ency, WHS 281, CFA 148; tries to secure admission of United States to treaty of Paris, WHS 289, 290, CFA 205-207; his conduct in Trent affair, WHS 303, CFA 220, 238; attempts to prevent sailing of " Alabama," AL ii. 171, 172, WHS 348, CFA 309, 319; opposes issue of letters of marque by United States, CS 241 ; warns Kussell that to let the " Laird rams " sail means war, CFA 319-322, 340-343, CS 243; on English feeling toward United States, WHS 353, CFA 305, 348, 349; resigns, WHS 392, CFA 362; his connection with the Liberal Sepublican movement, CFA 390-392, CS 411; relations with contemporaries, CFA 71, CS 46, 150; judgments upon, SPC 430. ADAMS, JOSN, see index to volume on John Adams; present at Otis's plea against writs of assistance, SA 40, JA23; Whig leader in Massachusetts, S A 48, 67-69, 101, 120, 197, 263, JA 36-60; defends soldiers after Boston Massacre, SA 165, J A 36-38; in first continental Congress, SA 265, 267, 277, 285, 300- 303, 305, 307, PH 104^116, JA 66-81, JJ 32-36; in second continental Congress, SA 300-319, PH 172-175, JA 86-144; secures appointment of Washington as commander-in-chief, SA 302, 303, GW i. 134, 135, JA 94r-98; INDEX OF NAMES 3 adyoeate of independence, SA 310, 311, 319, 321, JA 86-90, 105-108, 112-127, JJ 42, TJ 29-35; has militaiy aspirations, FH 154, 188, JA 84; influence on state constitutions, FH 199, 201-207, J A 119- 121, 138, 154j JJ 69, 81; on committee to confer with Lord Howe, BF 214r-216; his first mission to France, BF 266, 276, 286-298, JA 146- 151, JQA 4; his services as Feace Commissioner, BF 349-355, 358, 374, 375, 380, 392, JA 159-222, GM 104, 107, JJ 113, 141, 144, 182-195, JQA 13, TJ 66-70; on mission to Holland, BF 307, 330, JA 187-194; relations with Vergennes, BF 349-355, 379, JA 167-186, 203, 215, 216, JJ 144-146, 167, 187, 200; advocates right to fisheries, in treaty of peace, BF 380, 392, 399, JA 218, JJ 189, 193, 194; minister to England, JA 224r-236, JJ 203, 214, 215, TJ 70, 72, JQA 14; vice-president, JA 239-250, JJ 265, 266, JK 19; his opinion on title of President, GW ii. 52, JA 247, JMad 123-125; holds aristocratic ideas, SA 364, GW ii. 54, 137, JA 247- 260; attacked by JefEerson as a monarchist, GW ii. 226, AH 140, TJ 114, 118; elected Fresident, JA 253-261, AH 193, 194, TJ 154^157, JQA 23; sends special mission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 273-277, AH 199-201, JMar 100, 103, 104, TJ 158-161, AG 132-140; his behavior during XTZ affair, JA 279-283, AH 201, JMar 105-115, TJ 168, JMad 231, AG 147-155, 158; quarrels with Hamilton over command of provisional army, GW ii. 285-287, JA 284r-286, AH 203-205; approves Alien and Sedition laws, JA 283, 284, AH 220, A J 265, HC i. 32; sends commissioners to France, FH 411, 412, GW ii. 292, 293, JA 288-301, AH 214-217, TJ 171, JQA 26, AG 31; 4 INDEX OF NAMES ADAMS, JOHW (continued), quarrels with his Cabinet, JA 301-313, AH 226,227, JMad 240, AG 177, JQA 26, 27; attacked by Hamilton, J A 314, 315, AH 229, 230, DW 23; defeated in election of 1800, JA 311, 312, 316; AH 228-232, GM 281, 285, TJ 178, AG 163-165, JQA 25, 26; appoints Marshall Chief Justice, JA 316, JMar 130, 148- 163, 161, 162, JR 62; makes midnight appointments, JA 317, GM 288, 289, JMar 154, TJ 186, 195, JR 62; avoids JeSerson's inauguration, JA 318, TJ 187; in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, JA 324, DW 108; has controversy with disunionist Federalists, JA 321-323, JQA 28; relations with contemporaries, BF 210, 235, 236, 337-346, 389-391, SA 68, 136, 137, 154, 252, 322, 364, PH 88, 124, 397, GW i. 214, 215, ii. 259, 260, 287, JA 87, 99-101, 114, 132-135, 147, 179, 180, 243, 252, 255, 258, 262, 272, 273, 286, 308, 309, 318, 321; AH 194^198,212, 226-228, JJ 31, 200, 204, 239, 301, 312, 316, 317, JMar 101, TJ 158, 159, 307, JMon 71, 129, JR 19, 26, 41, DW 119, 120; estimates of, BF 220, 295, 344, SA 279, 323-326, AH 205, GM 45, TJ 291, JMad 231, MVB 464. ADAMS, JOHW QUUfCT, see index to volume on J. Q. Adams; accompanies his father to Europe, J A 146, JQA 4, 5; writes Fublicola papers against Jefferson, AH 140, TJ 118, JQA 18; his marriage, JQA 22, CFA 2; turned out of ofBce by JefEerson, TJ 199, JQA 28; elected to Senate, JQA 30, CFA 3; leaves Federalist party to support embargo, JA 321, TJ 268, JMad 345, AG 385, JQA 35-53, MVB 59; hated by Federalists thereafter, JQA 53-66, 216-218, AJ 125, HC i. 317, DW 140, 141; minister to Russia, AG 302, JQA 69-76, HC i. 99, CFA 4; INDEX OP NAMES 5 negotiates peace of Ghent, AG 322-324, JQA 75-93, MVB 13, HC i. 100-116, CFA 5; minister to England, AG 326, JQA 98-100, HC i. 123, 124, CFA 7; secretary of state under Monroe, AG 333-346, JMon 129- 131, JQA 100-148, A J 412, HC i. 141, 210, DW254, CFA 10; makes treaty of 1819 with Spain, JMon 146, JQA 111-118, 123-126, MVB 88, HC i. 162-164, THB 248, 269; makes report on weights and measures, GW ii. 81, JQA 126, 127, AJ 389; his position on Missouri compromise, JMon 147, 151, JQA 119-122, HC i. 174, 198; aids in framing Monroe doctrine, JMon 170-178, JQA 127- 136; favors recognizing Greece, DW 131; supports Jackson in his Florida campaign, JMon 144, JQA 158-162, AJ 57, 80-83, MVB 185, HCi. 152, JCC 87-92; his attitude on tariff of 1824, MVB 103, DW 132; elected President in 1824, AG 366-358, JMon 157, JQA 150-175, JR 268, 281, AJ 99-116, 120, MVB 115-117, HC i. 226-248, DW 132, 144, JCC 61, THB 54; accused of hargaining for Clay's support, JQA 181-187, AJ 119, 120-125, MVB 163, HC i. 242-251, JCC 62, THB 65; character of his administration, TJ 293, AG 342, 343, JQA 177-213, AJ 134^-144, 149, MVB 119-121, 154, 169, HC i. 258, DW 135, 136; his political programme, JQA 194, AJ 138, 139, MVB 120- 126, HC i. 265-267, THB 57; refuses to dismiss opponents from office, JQA 178-180, 198, 206, A J 141-143, MVB 139, 213, HC i. 249,258-261, 282, 289, THB 74; formation of opposition to, JQA 188-192, 202, AJ 142-144, MVB 119-132, 146, 159-161, HC i.266, 273-278,313-317, JCC 63, 64; urges Panama congress, JQA 189, JR 284, MVB 122, 124-126, HC i. 267-269, 294, DW 136, THB 58; 6 INDEX OP NAMES ADAMS, JOHir QUnfCT (continued), tries to secure trade with British West Indies, MVB 218, 219, HC i. 298; hisattitudeontarifEof 1828, AJ2S1; [137; tries to protect Creeks against Georgia, AJ 222-224, DW defeated for President in 1828, JQA 209-213, AJ 145-149, MVB 154-163, HC i. 288-290, THB 10, 36, CFA 15, 16; reluctant to leave politics, JQA 215, 220, CFA 14; elected to House of Representatives, JQA 226, CFA 15; joins Anti-Masons, JQA 209, 226, AJ 294, 295, MVB 167, 246, HC i. 342, 345, WHS 13, 14; his career in House, JQA 226-307, AJ 262, 263, 418, 420, AL i. 74, CFA 15, 16, CS 31, TS 66; supports Jackson in nullification struggle, JQA 234-236, HC ii. 16 ; upholds Jackson's attitude toward France, JQA 239, 240, AJ 405, LC 167, CFA 20 ; opposes Calhoun's patronage bill, CFA 22-27; his part in the Bank struggle, AJ 263, 302-310, MVB 295, 335-338, HC i. 374; his attitude upon slavery, JQA 226, 227, 234, 244, 255, 304, MVB 273, 274, 381, DW 210, CFA 20, 31; defends right of petition against gag-rule, JQA 243-306, MVB 274, 381, HC ii. 82, 233, DW 276, LC 198, 209, WHS 68, CFA 31, CS 40; attempts of Southern members to cause his censure, JMad 185, JQA 271-278, 281-288, HC ii. 233, 234, CFA 31, 33; his relations with abolitionists, JQA 254, SFC 62, 65, 92; opposes annexation of Texas, JQA 112, 266, 266, AJ 84, 85, 412, 413, 418, 420, 457-459, MVB 360, HC ii. 164, THB 160; unwilling to yield to Tyler in 1842, HC ii. 227; opposes Mexican war, HC ii. 284, CS 46; relations with his contemporaries, AG 333, 339, 384, 385, JMon 137, 240, JQA 9, 10, 31, 32, 82-84, 88, 112, 136- 148, 150-163, 177, 178, 195, 210, 211, 229, 231, 237-242, INDEX OF NAMES 7 252, 257-263, 270, 276-278, 283, 285, 289, 294-300, JR 26, 141, 282-287, AJ 82, 124, 179, 180, 198, 457, 458, MVB 107, 126, 132, 168, 395, 396, 401, 451, HC i. 149, 201, 202, 251, 309, 310, ii. 192, DW 125, 141-146, JCC 43, 52-^5, 74, 75, 93, 163, LC 183, 184, 253, CFA 17, 20; his death, AG 386, JQA 307, 308, MVB 428, HC ii. 298; estimates of, JA 6, 107, AG 302, 303, JMar 130, 131, JQA 6-12, 308, AJ 102-104, 149, MVB 464, 465, HC i. 102, 103, 226-228, DW 195, LC 268, TS 66, CFA 14, 39, 41, 86,98. ADAMS, SAMUSIi, see index to volume on S. Adams; leader of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 43-271, JA 22, 23, 31; works for independence, SA 107, 214, 243, 300, 309, 312, 313, GW i. 131; in first continental Congress, SA 282-286, PH 108, JA 52; in second continental Congress, SA 298-346, FH 173, JA 62, JJ 40, 44; seconds motion to make Washington commander, SA 303, JA94; plans a New England confederacy, BF 212, SA 306; opposes Washington, SA 339, 340, GW i. 214, GM 16; opposes half-pay for officers, SA 342, GM 69; his absence enables Luzerne to manage Congress, J J 145; demands retention of fisheries in treaty of peace, JJ 169; secures ratification of Constitution in Massachusetts, SA 352-359, PH 330, GW u. 71, AH 73, GM 111; relations with contemporaries, BF 138, SA 67, 68, 83, 134, 169-171, 239, 309, 340, 361, 364, 365, 370, PH 206, GW i. 131, 204, GM 66; estimates of, SA 316-337, GW i. 214, ii. 308, JA 22, GM 69, 111, 314. ADAMS, "WIIiIiIAM, English peace commissioner at Ghent, AG 316, JQA 76, 79, 91, HC i. 105; on commission to negotiate treaty of commerce, JQA 86, HC i. 129. 8 INDEX OF NAMES ADET, FIEBBE AUGUSTS, French minister, interferes in United States politics, AG 128, 134, 153. ATiBEBT, PBHTCB COITSOBT OF EKTOLAITD, his influence in the Trent affair, AL i. 383, WHS 299, CFA 227. ATiTiXANDBB I, CZAB OF BUSSIA, his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 70-73, 208, 210; ofEers to mediate in 1813, AG 308, 311, 312, 315, 316, JQA 74, 75, HC i. 99, 106; acts as arbitrator between England and United States, JMon 202, HC i. 300; asked to urge Spain to recognize independence of colonies, HC i. 270, 271. ATiTiTilT, CHABIiES, " Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CFA 83; at Whig national convention of 1848 announces intention to bolt, HC ii. 306, LC 250, CFA 89, CS 58; in Congress, SPC 114, TS 69, 86. AIiIiEIf , ETHAIf , refused permission from New York to invade Canada, GM 39; advocates independence of Vermont, JJ 94. AIiIlEK, WIIiXiIAM, Senator from Ohio, SPC 104; moves to terminate joint occupancy of Oregon, JCC 265; his controversy with Crittenden, LC 228. ALSOP, JOHN, revolutionary leader in New Tork, PH 173, JJ 29, 39, 47. ATM-RT.in U MART "W., see index to Marshall. AMBBISTEB, BICHABD, executed by Jackson in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 74, 75, MVB 186, HC i. 152, 153. AMES, FISHEB, advocates ratification of Constitution, SA 357; defeats S. Adams for Congress, SA 361; INDEX OF NAMES 9 practices before Supreme Court, J J 237; career in Congress, JMad 127, 130, 140, AG 99, 128, 129; his speech on the Jay treaty, SA 367, GW ii. 210 GM 284, JMar 98, JJ 283, AG 120, 121; advises Adams concerning the French mission, JA 273; his rank as an orator, AH 78, 269, AG 133, DW 195. AJSTDERSON, MAJOB BOBEBT, commands Fort Sumter in 1861, AL i. 185, 243, 244, 248, WHS 206, 231, 232, SPC 208, CFA 124. AJNDBE, MAJOB JOKIT, his capture, trial, and execution, GW i. 282-288, ii. 357, AH 20. AWDBE-W, JOHKT, " Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CS 62; war governor, AL i. 256, 257, CS 192, 209; opposes renomination of Lincoln, CS 271; opposes Johnson's policy, CS 295. APPLETOW, ITATHATT, see index to C. F. Adams. ABATTDA, ABABACA T BOIiEA, COMTE D', attempts in 1783, to limit western boundaries of United States, JJ 114, 122, 153, 165, 166, 178, 179, 191. AEBUTHWOT, AT.TiXATJDEB, executed by Jackson in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 72-78, MVB 186, HC i. 152, 153. ABGYIiI., GBOBQB DOUGLAS CAMPBELIi, DITEE OP, opposes English recognition of Confederate States, CFA 283; appealed to by Adams, CFA 339; his relations with Sumner, CS 159, 164, 252. ABMSTBONG, JOHK, writes Newburg address, GW i. 335; replaced by Clinton as Senator from New York, MVB 51; minister to France, JMad 269, 284, JR 163, HC i. 74; secretary of war, JMon 111-119, 125, AJ 43. 10 INDEX OF NAMES ABNOIiD, BBlfEDICT, takes part in invasion of Canada, BF 210, GW i. 144; serves against Burgoyne, GW i. 210, GM 69, 63; his treason, GW i. 281-288, AH 12, THB 145; invades Virginia, PH 278, GW i. 303, AG 371, JMar 24, TJ 58, JR 2, 5. AEWOLD, ISAAC If., see index to Lincoln. ASHUST, JAWF!S M., political lieutenant of Chase, SPC 159, 161, 182; moves thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 318, TS 225; urges impeachment of Johnson, SPC 358; removed from governorship by Grant, CS 382. ASHMUIf, GEOBaS, " Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CFA 83; member of Congress, DW 262, TS 69; at Bepublican convention of 1860, AL i. 167. ASTOB, JOHlSr JACOB, his financial dealings during war of 1812, AG 214, 259, 269, HC i. 99; his fur enterprise, AG 287, 288; ATCHISON, DAVID B., Senator from Missouri, THB 300, 303; his part in Kansas struggle, WHS 152-155, 162, CS 134. AUCKLAND, GSOBCB EDSN, ^ABI. OF, English statesman, JMon 100, MVB 228. BABCOCE:, GEIirEEAL OBVILLB E., see index to Sumner. BACHE, BENJAMIN FBANEI.IN, his education, AG 4; upholds Genet's course, in " Aurora," AH 168; publishes Jay treaty, GW ii. 185; attacks Washington, GW i. 238, 244, 256, AG 104. BADGEB, GEOBGE E., secretary of navy, HC ii. 191, 213; favors compromise in 1850, HC ii. 350. INDEX OF NAMES 11 BADOLIiET, JEABT, see index to Gallatin. BABZ, BUEBTAVEITTUBA, see index to Sumner. H ATT.Iil -y QAMATiTTlIi, see index to Chase. BAKEB, ED'WABD !>., his political and militaiy career, AL i. 59, 68, 71, 72, 303, 309. BAUOKOFT, DB. EDWAED, his career as English spy upon American legation in Paris, BF 191, 224, 283, JJ 170. BAITOKOPT, aEOEGB, secretary of navy, MVB 362; other references, MVB 408, CS 28. BAMKS, WATHAJSriEIi P., candidate for Republican presidential nomination, SFC 160, 181; his career in the CivU War, AL i. 319, ii. 44, 54, 162, WHS 343; discourages enlistment of negroes, SFC 272; reconstructs Louisiana, CS 283; in Congress, CS 354. BABBOUB, JAMES, in 1820 proposes disunion, HC i. 196, 197; secretary of war, JQA 177, JR 784, HC i. 258, 266; candidate for English mission, JQA 205. BABBOUB, PHILIP P., proposes to sell bank stock held by United States, AJ 271; favors internal improvements, MVB 95; defeated for speaker of House by Clay, HC i. 204; candidate for vice-president, MVB 237, 239; presides over Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 239; presides over Free-Trade Convention, AGr 241; appointed to Supreme Court, AJ 424; joins Whig party, MVB 378. 12 INDEX OF NAMES BABtETG BBOTHEBS, act as agents for United States government, AG 193, 195, 306, JQA 98; compete with Bank of United States, AG 271. BABLOW, JOEL, minister to France, JMad 292-294, 305, 306, JMon 110. BAENEY, HIEAM, see index to Chase. BAEBAS, P. F. J. N., OOMTE DE, his relations, as member of the Directorate with the United States, AG 132, JMon 74. BABBOIf, CAFTAIIT JAMES, commander of the Chesapeake when attacked by the Leop- ard, JMad 265, JQA 46. BAKBT, WILLIAM T., leader of " relief party " in Kentucky, AJ 166, 174; postmaster general under Jackson, AJ 182, 187, 409, MYB 179, HC i. 330; aids in establishing « Globe," MVB 191; retains o£&ce in reorganization of Cabinet, A J 209, LC 136; favors removal of deposits, A J 346; succeeded by Kendall, A J 409, LC 137; minister to Spain, AJ 410, MVB 199, LC 137. BATES, ED-WABD, candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167- 170, WHS 198, SPC 182, 183, 187; attorney-general under Lincoln, AL i. 234, WHS 213, 230, SPC 212; opposes reinforcement of Port Sumter, AL i. 245, WHS 233, 234. orders execution of Fugitive Slave Act, CS 198; approves emancipation proclamation, WHS 336; demands opening of Mississippi to trade, SPC 228; gives opinion holding issue of legal-tender notes constitu- tional, SPC 247. BATES, JOSHUA, aids North in England during Civil War, CFA 147, CS 240, 241. INDEX OF NAMES 13 BATABD, JAMSS A., Federalist leader in Congress, AG 132, 143, 156, 159, 166, JR 66-70, HC i. 48; defeated for reelection, JR 84; on Peace Comnussion of 1813, AG 301-314, JQA 75-83, HC i. 100-104; minister to Russia, AG 326; relations with his contemporaries, JQA 83, 296, JR 141. BAYABD, KICHAKD H., career in Senate, HC ii. 102, 136. BSAUMABCHAIS, CABOIT DS, his romantic career, BF 225; urges France to aid colonies, BF 226, 227, JJ 133, 134; draws Deane into his schemes, BF 230, 231, J J 96; slandered by Arthur Lee, BF 238, 239; claims cargoes from America, BF 310; claims compensation from Congress, BF 241, JJ 211. BEAUBEQABD, GSKTEBAIi P. G. T., commands during siege of Fort Sumter, AL i. 244, 248, 249, WHS 245, 251; his career in War of Rebellion, AL i. 299, 301, 362, 364. BEDFOED, JOHW BUSSBLI., DTJKE OP, minister under George HI, BF 52, 114, SA 118. BELL, JOHIT, supports White against Van Buren, A J 441; defeated for speaker of House, MVB 337; secretary of war under Harrison, HC ii. 191; votes for admission of California, THB 300; supports Clay's compromise, HC ii. 347, 350; opposes Kansas Nebraska bill, WHS 118; opposes Lecompton Constitution, WHS 183; candidate of Constitutional Union party in 1860, LC 339, AL i. 166, 178, WHS 193, CS 176. BBIfJAMIBT, JTJDAH P., denounces Personal Liberty laws, CS 126; his share in secession movement, AL i. 200, WHS 209; in Confederate Cabinet, AL i. 206. 14 INDEX OF NAMES BEmSTET, JAMES GORDOW, his early career as newspaper editor, MVB 192, 193, CFA 67. BElTSOir, EGBEBT, at Annapolis Convention, AH 54; in Congress, DW 47. BENTHAM, JEBEMir, influences Jay and Gallatin, JJ 280, AG 388. BENTOIT, THOMAS H., see index to volume on T. H. Benton; serves in War of 1812, AJ 35, 36, THE 29; his quarrel with Jackson, AJ 35, 36, THB 25, 26; supports Clay in election of 1824, AJ 114, HC i. 228, 238, THB 55; asserts that by " demos krateo " principle Jackson shonid be President, AJ 125-128, HC i. 240, JCC 62, THB 54, 65; supports Jackson and attacks Adams, JQA 188, AJ 136, MVB 106, 212, THB 57; opposes Clay's land policy, preferring cheap lands, AJ 232, 233, HC i. 370-372, THB 61, 62, 70, 133-137, 192; opposes Panama Congress, A J 137; becomes leading opponent of Bank, A J 287, 297, 301, 315, 347, 363, 374, HC i. 365, 377-379, ii. 33, THB 102-118, 123, 184; bitterly opposes compromise of 1833, AJ 338, HC ii. 8, 20, THB 95-97, 199; denounces nullification, DW 214, 215, THB 89, 90, 94; introduces expunging resolutions, AJ 366, 370, MVB 264, HC ii. 43, 100-102, DW 226, 228, THB 119, 124, 125; votes against bill to exclude abolition matter from mails, MVB 276, 277, THB 151; on election of 1836, MVB 257; his action during panic of 1837, A J 370, MVB 253, 286; demands a specie currency, AJ 388, 392, HC ii. 124, 125, THB 107, 122, 123, 139; first favors, then opposes a tariff, MVB 99, 102, 142, THB 53,60,81,82,91,197; INDEX OF NAMES 15 opposes internal improvements, MVB 95, 117, 142, THB 63; demands abolition of salt duty, MVB 140, THB 83, 199- 202; supports Sub-Treasury bill, JCC 183, THB, 178, 181, 218; in election of 1840, MVB 391, THB 206; condemns Ashburton treaty, DW 250, THB 237-245; favors removal of Indians to West, LC 160, THB 50; surprised at Folk's nomination, LC 219; opposes annexation of Texas by force, MVB 413, HC ii. 272, JCC 252, 253, THB 160, 161,253, 263-268,276, 278; demands occupation of Oregon, MVB 167, THB 46, 47, 59, 251-255; urges vigorous prosecution of Mexican War, JCC 285, THB 279; considers Wilmot Proviso unnecessary, MVB 418, THB 286, 287, 298, 299; opposes Clay's compromise in 1850, HC ii. 350, 353, DW 303, THB 294r^01, CS 66, 69; hated by the South, LC 307, THB 275, 276, 285, 290; opposes Kansas-Nebraska bill, WHS 146, 147, THB 309- 311, SPC 138; relations with contemporaries, JB 285, MVB 94, 131, 141, 399, 455, JMon 241, 244, AJ 125, 222, 338, JCC 95, 103 222, 253, 305, 306, HC i. 274, 275, ii. 207, 226. BEBIfABD, FBASrCIS, his career as Governor of Massachusetts, SA 34, 35, 45, 46, 63, 66, 82-85, 96, 99-113, 122-128, 137, 138, 326, PH 82. BSBNASD, JOHIf, see index to Washington. BEBSIBN, JOSN II., opposes disunion in 1828, A J 256; attorney general under Jackson, AJ 182, MVB 179, HC i. 330, JCC 65; holds South Carolina seaman laws valid, A J 219; forced to resign, AJ 209, MVB 199, LC 137; in the Senate, HC ii. 209, 330; 16 INDEX OF NAMES opposes acquisition of territory after Mexican War, DW 283. BEVEKI.Y, CARTEB, bis connection with the story of Adams's and Clay's bar- gain, JQA 184, 187, AJ 122, HC i. 282, 283, 285. BIDOZ.E, inCHOIiAS, elected president of Bank of the United States, A J 269; has controversy with Jackson's Cabinet over appointment of Mason, AJ 272-277, HC i. 354; opposes bringing Bank into politics, AJ 298, 300, HC i. 354; defends Bank against attacks, AJ 303-310, 356, 356, 374, THB 110; his management, AJ 312-314, 340, 342, 345, 397, HC ii. 49, THB 103, 104, 111; in campaign of 1832, A J 318; accused of causing financial distress, AJ 370, 371, HC ii. 40; his course after 1836, AJ 399, 400, MVB 296, 298, THB 184; in panic of 1838, prevents early resumption, AG 275; last days and death, AJ 400, 401, HC ii. 144. BtD'WEIiIi, BAKNABAS, see index to Randolph. BINNETS', HOKACE, his legal career, CS 11, JMar 169; holds branch drafts legal, AJ 270. BINITS, JOHN, see index to Jackson, BIBNET, JAMES G., his career as abolitionist, HC ii. 255, THB vii., SPC 44^ 49, 74; attacks J. Q. Adams, LC 209, SPC 92; candidate of Liberty party in 1840, HC ii. 190, SPC 85- 87; candidate of Liberty party in 1844, MVB 413, HC ii. 254, 265, THB 258, LC 209, 221, WHS 44, 46, SPC 92, 93; INDEX OF NAMES 17 relatioDS with Chase, SFC 51, 52, 57; unfavorable view of, THB 260. BIiACK, -nn-R.i mvrTATT a., attorney general under Buchanan, LC 329, AL i. 188, SFC 170; succeeds Cass in state department, AL i. 198, TS 119; his opinion on secession, AL i. 199, 200, WHS 207; forces Buchanan to refuse to treat with South Carolina, AL i. 200, WHS 208, TS 118, 119. BT.AT1VB, JAMSiS G., career in Congress, TS 290; attacks Sumner for opposing Grant, CS 396, 416. BTiftTTt, FBAIfCIS P., supports Clay in 1824, AJ 120; later supports Jackson, HC i. 346; establishes "Globe" as Jackson's organ, AJ 206-208, MVB 191, HC i. 346, 347, THB 281; his power over the party, AJ 323, 325, 326, 440, MVB 193; opposes nullification, MVB 193, THB 281; urges removal of deposits from Bank, AJ 347, MVB 251, 252, HC ii. 26; deprived of House printing, MVB 338; loses influence under Folk, THB 282. BTiATTC, FBAITCIS F., JB., urges Fremont for candidate in 1856, SFC 160; leads Unionists in Missouri, AL i. 269; his career in Congress, AL i. 297, TS 236, 312, 313; confers with Jefferson Davis, AL ii. 304; attacks Chase, SFC 313. TIT. ATP. JOHN, career as leader in Virginia, FH 93, 212; delegate to Federal Convention, JMon 28; member of United States Supreme Court, GW ii. 73, FH 362. BIiAXB, MOiraOOMEBT, postmaster general under Lincoln, AL i. 234, SFC 254; 18 INDEX OF NAMES objected to by Eastern Kepublicans, WHS 213, 214, 226, 227; urges relief of Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233, 234, SPC 210; has controversy with Fremont, AL i. 350; his cautious attitude in Trent afiair, CS 209; foretells political disaster from emancipation proclamation, AL ii. 123, WHS 33, SPC 269; forced out of Cabinet by radicals, AL ii. 287, 288. BLAWD, HICHAED, Whig leader in Virginia, SA 78, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95, 137, 152, 190, 200; in Continental Congress, PH 99, 102, 106, 112. BLAND, THEODOBIC, in Continental Congress, PH 320, 354, AH 35; BLBinVEHHASSBTT, HAKMAIT, his connection with Biirr's conspiracy, JR 219, LC 49. BLOUlfT, ^P'H.LIAM, pacifies Cherokees, GW ii. 94; in United States Senate, AG 107; impeached, AG 138, AJ 13, 14. BOLLAlir, ■WILLIAM, agent in London for Massachusetts Council, BF 155, 185, 187; obtains letters of Bernard, SA 127. BOWAPAKTE, JEKOME, his life in America, AG 332, JMon 90, 91. BOBTVOULOIR, M. DE, his career as French emissary in America before the Sevo- lution, JJ 44, 98, 133, 140. BOONE, DANIEL, his career, HC i. 113, THB 5, 17. BOOTH, JOHN WILKES, see index to Lincoln. BOTETODHT, LOBD, his career as royal governor of Virginia, GW i. 121, 122, TJ16. INDEX OP NAMES 19 BOTTTWBLIi, GBOKGB S., Governor of Massachusetts, CS 85; urges emancipation upon Lincoln, AL ii. 116; on Reconstruction committee, TS 259; manager of Johnson impeachment, TS 338; secretary of treasury under Grant, SPC 392, 394, CS 363; in Senate, CS 424, 430. BOWDOUT, JAMBS, of Huguenot origin, SA 6, GM 10; Whig leader in Massachusetts, SA 86, 104, 168, 235, 319; chosen delegate to first Continental Congress, SA 265, 267, JA 52, 62; as governor crushes Shay's rebellion, SA 351, 352, AH 52; wishes revision of Articles of Confederation, AH 62. BBACEBIOtlDaB, JXTDGB H. H., see index to Gallatin. BBADDOCK, QENBRAIi ED^WTARD, his relations with Washington, GW i. 82-85; his dealings with Pennsylvania and Franklin, BF 52-54; his expedition and defeat, BF 54, GW i. 85, JMar 3. BBADBORD, DAVID, see index to Gallatin. BBADLBT, JOSEPH P., see index to Chase. BBAQQ, aBWBBAIi BBAXTOW, see index to Lincoln. BBAITCH, JOHSr, secretary of the navy under Jackson, AJ 182, 183, MVB 179, HC i. 330, JCC 65; forced out of Cabinet, AJ 210, MVB 199, LC 137. BBECKBlTEIDaE, JOHKT, defeated by Monroe for governor, JMon 35; offers Kentucky resolutions, JMad 239; his career in Congress, AG 355, JR 55. BBBCKENBIDaB, JOHIf C, elected vice-president, LC 322, AL i. 101; candidate for presidency in 1860, LC 339, AL i. 164, 178, CS 176, TS 113; 20 INDEX OF NAMES announces election of Lincoln, AL i. 208; expelled from Senate, AL i. 297. BBIGHT, JB3SS D., in United SUtes Senate, HC ii. 330; expelled, AL i. 297. BBIQHT, JOHIf, friendly to North during Civil War, CFA 156, 157, 262, 297, CS 247, 248; defends North in ParUament, CFA 332, 333; suggests an American contribution for English cotton opera- tives, CFA 276; dissuades United States from issuing letters of marque, CS 240; possibly misled by Sumner concerning Johnson's mission, CS368. BBOQIirEi, A. L. V. C, DUO DE, see index to Jackson. BBOOES, FKESTOIf S., assaults Sumner, LC 320, 321, AL i. 99, 100, WHS 163, 164, CS 146-152, 158. BBOUOHAM, HENBT PETEB, IiOBD, attacks Durham's administration of Canada, MVB 356; attacks Cass for opposing slave trade treaty, LC 180, 182, 204. BKOWW, AAKOIT V., postmaster general, LC 329, AL i. 188; sends Texas letter to Jackson, JCC 223. BKO'Wlf, B. QBATZ, opposes Lincoln's renomination in 1864, AL ii. 255; his career in Congress, CS 280, 326. BSO-WN, GENEBAIi JACOB, in War of 1812, AJ 85; has controversy with Jackson, AJ 85; reforms military establishment, JCC 43. BEOWN, JOHIT, his raid at Harper's Ferry, JMad 130, WHS 188, SPC 174, 175, CS 156, 170. INDEX OF NAMES 21 BBTAIT, JOSEPH, see index to Randolph. BKTAIfT, -qnr.T.TATVT ODliIiBIO", denounces Locofocos, MYB 344; supports Polk while opposing Texas, MVB 415, HC ii. 259, 271; joins Barnburners, HC ii. 312; introduces Lincoln in New York, AL i. 163; opposes Lincoln's renomination in 1864, AL ii. 261. BPCFrftTTAlT, JAMES, denies responsibility for story of Clay's sale to Adams, JQA 186, 187, AJ 123, HC i. 284; in Peck impeachment case, AJ 220; member of Senate, HC ii. 69, 80, 86, 95, 102, DW 244, 254, JCC 132, 133, THB 151; declines Cabinet position under Van Buren, MVB 393; secretary of state under Polk, HC ii. 273, 276; settles Oregon question, HC ii. 280, 281, THB 264, LC 240; his dealings with Mexico, HC ii. 276, THB 274; signs Ostend Manifesto, LC 313, 314, CFA 202; elected President, MVB 3, 441-444, THB 313, LC 202, 205, 288, 321, AL i. 101, 102, WHS 112, 147, 149, SPC 161, CS 157; character of his administration, SPC 168, 178, CFA 107; accepts Dred Seott decision, MVB 446, AL i. 102, WHS 168, 172; his position on popular sovereignty in Kansas, LC 327, AL i. 105, WHS 173, 175-180, CS 167, 168; his position on secession, LC 341, 342, AL i. 180-199, WHS 206, 207, TS 116, 117, SPC 198, CFA 119, CS 182, 183; refuses to reinforce Fort Sumter, LC 344, 348, AL i. 243, CS184; coerced by his Cabinet, AL i. 200, 201, WHS 208, TS 118, 119; judgments upon, JR 285, MVB 414 11 7, 463, AL i. 102, 108, 200,WHS 172, 210, 265, 273, TS 116, 124r-126. 22 INDEX OF NAMES BDELIi, GBBrERAIi DOH CAELOS, see index to Lincoln. BULLOCK, JAMBS H., see index to C. F. Adams. BUKGOYHB, GBITEKAL JOHIT, his campaign and capture, BF 267, 270, 317, PH 240, GW i. 194, 195, 202-211, GM 59-63, 275, JJ 83, 86, 95, 96, 135. BUBKB, BDMtTNTJ, secretary to Kockingham, BF 115; supports claims of colonies, SA 73, 76, 118, 239; agent for New York, GM 33; leaves office with Fox, J J 154; denounces French revolution, GW ii. 294; his opinions on contemporaries, BF 120, GW i. 202, J J 280; compared as an orator with Webster, DW 120, 181, 193- 199. BtJBIirSISB, aBSTBBAL AMBBOSB B., see index to Lincoln. BXTRB, AABOM", his early career in New York politics, AH 81, 223, GM 284, JJ 248, 249, TJ 155, 176, JMad 175, THB 73; carries New York for Kepublicaus, AH 223, GM 286, JJ 295; publishes Hamilton's attack on Adams, JA 315, AH 229; in presidential election of 1801, AH 232, 233, GM 287, JMar 151, TJ 178-184, AG 163-167, AJ 134, MVB 38, LC53; at New York bar, AH 234, GM 279, MVB 29; loses confidence of Jefferson, AH 243, TJ 239, 241, AG 282, MVB 17, 42, 43, 51; defeated for Governor of New York, AH 243, MVB 43, 44; his duel with HamUton, AH 243-247, JMar 201, TJ 249, JR 111-114; delivers valedictory as vice-president, JR 154, 155; his Western scheme, JMar 201-206; TJ 249, JR 165, 156, 205, AJ 21-29, HC i. 34-36, LC 47-50; INDEX OF NAMES 23 his arrest and trial, JMar 207-226, TJ 249-254, JR 218, 219, LC 50; relations with contemporaries, AJ 25, 26, 99, MVB 17, 18, HC i. 35-37; opinions concerning, AH 223, 244, 245, GM 314, JMar 169, 199-201, TJ 184, JQA 193, JK 112, 113, MVB 18, 158, THB 145, LC 48. BUTIiEB, ABTDKEW P., member of Senate, HC ii. 330, 350, LC 318, CS 88; attacks Chase, SFC 123; has controversy with Sumner, CS 111-113, 126, 139-142. BUTLEB, BENJAMIK F., in New York poKtics, AJ 285, MVB 111, 112; attorney general under Jackson, AJ 446, MVB 255, 283, 393, HC ii. 29; in Democratic convention of 1844, MVB 408, 409, 411; leader of Barnburners, MVB 415, 416, 425, HC ii. 312; at Buffalo Free-Soil Convention, MVB 427, HC ii. 312, SPC 100. BUTLEB, GENEBAI. BENJAMIN V., his career in Civil War, AL i. 260, 298, ii. 280; at New Orleans, AL i. 358, WHS 342, 343, SPC 227, 228, CFA 243-257; on « contraband of war," AL ii. 5, WHS 334, SPC 257, CS 198; leads in impeachment of Johnson, CS 348, TS 337, 339, 343; favors annexation of San Domingo, CS 391; urges indirect Alabama claims, CFA 388; his rupture with Sumner, CS 400; gains influence over Grant, CS 401. BUTLEB, PrEJBCJE, in Federal Convention, GM 127, 136, JMad 107. CABOT, GEOBGE, in Senate, AG 61; at Hartford Convention, GM 309; other references, GW ii. 366, JMar 98. 24 INDEX OF NAMES CASWAIiADEB, QENITBAXi JOHN, his services in Revolution, PH 105, GW i. 180, 226. OAIiHOUlf, JOHBT C, see index to volume on Calhoun; begins career as a war republican, 6M 306, JMad 292, 295, HC i. 78, 128, 129, DW 47, 48, JCC 15-26; defends the embargo, DW 52, JCC 21; moves declaration of war, JMad 298, JCC 21; advocates internal improvements, HC i. 137, DW 66, THB 80, JCC 35-40; proposes a National Bank, AG 265, DW 61, JCC 30; supports tarifB of 1816, HC i. 130, DW 53, 153, 165, THB 80, JCC 29, 33-35; secretary of war, JMon 129, 154, AJ 64, 105, MVB 94, HC i. 142, DW 130, 131, LC 116, 117, JCC 38-51; his Indian policy, LC 160, JCC 45-49; disapproves of Jackson's action in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 64, 70, 80, 82, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JCC 88, 90; does not expect disunion in 1820, JQA 121, JCC 73, 74; connection with Biprap contract, A J 106, JCC 49-51; candidate for presidency, JMon 157, JQA 106, 149, AJ 104, 112, HC i. 223, DW 140, JCC 52-55, 60; vice-president, AG 358, JQA 169, 212, AJ 141, 181, 191, MVB 131, HC i. 232, 233, DW 168, THB 78, JCC 60; joins opposition to Adams, JQA 211, 296, JR 285, 295, 296, AJ 141, JCC 63, 64; changes his views on slavery and states' rights, JR 89, 270, 288, 289, AJ 139, 331, HC i. 137, ii. 149, 150, JCC 30-32, 36, 37, 74^79; in campaign of 1828, MVB 153, JCC 28; rivalry with Van Buren, AJ 193, 210, MVB 179, 180, 233, 234, 277, 396, HC i. 369, JCC 86; his attitude in Eaton affair, AJ 196, MVB 182, 184, LC 134, JCC 85; quarrels with Jackson over Florida affair, AJ 196-201 203-205, MVB 185, 186, 190, HC i. 348, THB 78, 86, 87| LC 133, 137, JCC 85-93; INDEX OP NAMES 25 publishes Florida correspondence, JMou 145, AJ 209, MVB 191; leads nulliflers in South Carolina, AJ 203, MVB 188, HC ii. 2-4, DW 167, 170-172, THB 78, 86, 88, 92, LC 144, JCC 75-82, 93-102; opposes the tariff, AJ 239, 251, 256, 257, JCC 95; his relations with Anti-Masons, A J 295, WHS 14; loses popularity in North, A J 239; resigns vice-presidency to enter Senate, AJ 331, HC ii. 8, DW 207, JCC 103; his presidential ambitions, AJ 181, MVB 184, THB 149, LC 142, 202, 203, 206, 217, JCC 93, 211-213; agrees to compromise tariff, AJ 339, HC ii. 11-14, 17, DW 209, 210, 213, THB 95, JCC 105, 106; question as to his having yielded through fear, AJ 338, HC ii. 13, DW 209, THB 93, 94, JCC 103, 105; opposes Jackson in Bank struggle, AJ 365, HC ii. 30, 43, THB 117, 122, JCC 109, 110, 112; opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102, THB 126; opposes Jackson's French policy, DW 224, JCC 182; opposes spoils system by his patronage bill, HC ii. 61-64, JCC 113-116, 199-201, CFA 23, MVB 261; denounces abolition petitions, HC ii. 79, DW 273, THB 147, JCC 123-125; organizes slavery sentiment, HC i. 265, THB 148, 149, LC 143, JCC 65, 66, 70, 163-165; introduces bill to exclude abolition matter from mails, HC ii. 84r^6, DW 274, THB 150, JCC 134^138; his later views on the Constitution, A J 333, 334, HC ii. 156-158, DW 276-279, THB 149, JCC 185-191; his attitude on slavery in the Union, HC ii. 161, 162, 168, 169, 170, 339, 367, THB 295, LC 279, JCC 95; asserts slavery to be a blessing, HC ii. 169, JCC 171-176, 239, SPC 122; has scruples about distribution of surplus, AJ 381, 386, HC ii. 121, 122, THB 129, 135, 136, JCC 84, 150; rejoins Democratic party, MVB 340, 341, HC ii. 145, JCC 183; 26 INDEX OF NAMES CAIiHOUlJ', JOHIf C. (continued), Ms personal debate with Clay, MVB 346, HC ii. 148, 149, THB 98, JCC 198, 199; his position on the sub-treasnry, MVB 346, HC ii. 137, DW 230, THB 178, 181, JCC 183; favors annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92, THB 36, 160, LC 211, JCC 221-223, 228, 229, CS 41; [226-228; secretary of state under Tyler, HC ii. 241, LC 211, JCC negotiates treaty annexing Texas, HC ii. 241-248, DW 256, THB 271-274, JCC 229-240, CS 42; his assertion of an English plan to emancipate Texan slaves, HC ii. 248, 249, THB 266, 271, JCC 231-240, 244; his connection with Polk's nomlnatioD, AJ 459, MVB 408, 410, HC ii. 251, JCC 243; sends joint resolution of annexation to Texas, THB 277, 278, LC 224, JCC 253, 254; his attitude on the Oregon question, HC ii. 280, 282, THB 246, 252, 253, JCC 260-269, 273, 275; condemns the Mexican war, THB 278, 279, JCC 275-285, 287-291; his position on Enterprise and Creole cases, HC ii. 170, DW 279, JCC 203, 209; claims unqualified right of slavery in the Territories, HC iL 302-304, DW290, THB 286, 289, 290, 293, LC 244, WHS 61, JCC 291-328; attempts to unite South in 1849-1850, THB 151, 288, JCC 82, 146, 147, 218-220, 303, CFA 61, 62, CS 67; his last speech in the Senate, HC ii. 338-340, LC 278, AL i. 90, WHS 79, 91, JCC 338-347; his relations with contemporaries, JR 268, 286, 301, AJ 105, 198, 203, 205, MVB 157, HC ii. 207, 226, DW 140, 146, 211, 316, JCC 17, 18, 53, 96, 109; judgments concerning, GM 308, AG 355, JMon 131-134, AJ 104, 105, 259, 459, MVB 150, 180, HC ii. 368, DW 55, 56, 195, THB 99, 149, 150, 288-290, 320, LC 194, 280, JCC 65, 60, 74, 76, SPC 10. INDEX OF NAMES 27 CATiTiTilTDEB, JAMES T., Jeflersonian editor, attacks Washington, TJ 200, 201; punished under sedition act, TJ 201, 232, JR 101, 136-138; in Croswell libel suit, AH 236; quarrels with Jefferson and slanders him, TJ 202, 203. CAMBBELEBTG, CHUjaOHZLL C, New York Democratic politician, A J 198, 303, MVB 157; joins Barnburners, MVB 419, HC ii. 311. CAMDEIT, CHAKLES PRATT, EABL, counsel for Penn family, BE 68; predicts independence of colonies, BE 83; favors rights of colonies, BE 118, 147, SA 74, 78. CAMEHOBT, SIMOIir, a Democrat in 1840, MVB 379; candidate for Kepublican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167, 169, 170, WHS 200, 201, 230, TS 112, SPC 181, 187, 188; favors compromise in 1861, AL i. 197; secretary of war, AL i. 234, 326, TS 136; opposes relieving Eort Sumter, AL i. 245, WHS 233; wishes United States to use negroes during war, AL ii. 5, 8, CS 198; minister to Russia, AL i. 326; supports Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 260; opposes annexation of San Domingo, CS 385; opinions upon, AL i. 197, SPC 177, TS 311, 312. CAMPBELL, ALEXAWDBB, a leader of Virginia bar, PH 360, JMar 33, 45. CAMPBELL, GEOBGE "W., member of Congress, AG 292, 303, JR 208, 221; secretary of treasury, AG 312. CAMPBELL, JUDGE JOHIT A., acts as intermediary between Seward and the Confederate commissioners, AL i. 239, 245, WHS 238-253; resigns from Supreme Court, SPC 324; on Confederate peace commission, AL ii. 305; counsel in Slaughter-House Cases, SPC 382. 28 INDEX OP NAMES CAMPBELL, LEWIS D., anti-slavery Whig, LC 250, SPC 156. CANTSnSa, GEOKGE, negotiates with Jefferson concerning Orders in Council, TJ 266, 267, AG 225, 295, 344, JMon 104; his attitude on the embargo, TJ 277, 278; his instructions to Erskine and subsequent repudiation of Erskine's actions, JMad 273-276; connected with the Monroe Doctrine, J Mon 173-175; negotiates with Gallatin in 1826, AG 344, 345, AJ 216, HC i. 298; his doctrine of non-intervention quoted by Sumner, CS 251. CAJSmUNQ, STBATPOBD, his quarrel with J. Q. Adams, JQA 136-147. OABLTOiT, sra Qtry, see index to Washington. CABLYLB, THOMAS, quoted, GW i. 4, 14, 69, 70, 341, ii. 332, DW 188. CABMICKAEL, "WILLIAM, secretary to Jay in Spain, BF 321, JJ 115, 116; minister to Spain, GW ii. 165, JJ 127; on Mississippi commission, GWii. 165, TJ 206; opinion concerning, BF 220. CAEPEITTEB, MATTHEW H., see index to Sumner. CABBUfOTOIT, PAUL, in Virginia politics, PH 74, 200, GW ii. 363. OABTEB, LAJNUOIT, see index to Henry. OAKT"WBIQHT, PETEH, backwoods preacher, THB 30, AL i. 73, SPC 4; defeated for Congress by Lincoln, AL i. 73. OABT, A-R.nTrTTi AT.Tl see index to Henry. OASS, JOWATHAIT, see index to Cass. CASS, LEWIS, see separate index to volume on Cass; INDEX OF NAMES 29 secretary of war under Jackson, AJ 212, MVB 199, LC 138-165; revokes order to remove pension funds from Bank, AJ 287; opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346, LC 154, 155; minister to France, MVB 283, WHS 29, LC 165-176; asserts American boundary claims, CS 23; protests against Ashburton treaty, DW 253, LC 177-186, 188-193; ready far war to retain Oregon, HC ii. 281, JCC 265, LC 226-230; writes Nicholson letter on squatter sovereignty, MVB 422, HC ii. 305, JCC 309, WHS 44, LC 235-237; nominated for President, MVB 424, HC ii. 305, DW 267, THB 291, AL i. 79, WHS 49, LC 243-245; refusal of Barnburners to support him, MVB 426, LC 245, 252,SPC96, CFA91; distrusted in the South, HC ii. 309, LC 261; defeated in election, MVB 431, HC ii. 314, LC 259-264, SPC 102; reelected to Senate, HC ii. 330, LC 266, 269, 286; supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 390, LC 277-285, SPC 129, CS 87; defeated for renomination, WHS 112, LC 288; regrets Nebraska bill but supports it, LC 295-297, SPC 137; defeated for Senate, WHS 150, LC 324; secretary of state under Buchanan, AL i. 187, LC 328- 345; wishes to resist secession, AL i. 198, LC 341; resigns in disgust, AL i. 198, TS 118, LC 344, CFA 134, CS 183; relations with contemporaries, HC i. 257, SPC 168, CS 142, LC 38, 115, 173, 195, 258, 319, 359; was he a doughface ? MVB 423, LC 214, 215. CABTIiEHEAGH, BOBSBT STETVABT, VISCOUWT, announces that England will adhere to Orders in Council, HC i. 84; 30 INDEX OF NAMES declines Bussian offer of mediation in 1813, AG 304, 311, JQA 93; ofEeis to deal direetly with United States, AG 312; his policy during peace negotiations, AG 314, 319, 326, JQA 94, 99, HC i. 118; arranges commercial convention, AG 326; describes danger of war after Arbuthnot affair, JMon 144; asks United States to join in mediating between Spain and its colonies, JMon 170, HC i. 166. CH.ATTDI.EB, ZACHAHTAH, in United States Senate, LC 324, AL i. 296, WHS 177, 221, CS 280; congratulates Cass on his resignation from Buchanan's cabi- net, LC 345; denounces conservatives, AL ii. 213, 232; attacks Sumner for opposing Grant, CS 390, 395. C3HAinnBrG, william ellehtt, his opposition to slavery, SPC 52, CFA 31, 33, 34, CS 15, 31. CHABXiES X., Morris's opinion of, during his emle, GM 188, 189, 267; nrged by Jackson to pay American claims, MV£ 216, HC ii. 63; overthrown in revolution of 1830, AG 370, 372. CHASE, PHITiftNDEB, see index to Chase. CKASE, SALMOlir P., leads Liberty party, HC ii. 255, SPC 91, 92; a leader at Buffalo Free-Soil Convention, MVB 427, LC 253, SPC 100-102; elected to Senate by a bargain, LC 264, SPC 106-112, CS 62; his career in Senate, HC ii. 330, SPC 112-148, CS 98; refuses to submit to compromise of 1850, HC ii. 345, LC 279, AL i. 90, SPC 124^130; writes "Appeal of Independent Democrats" against Ne- braska bill, WHS 119, SPC 138-141, CS 106; has personal controversy with Douglas, WHS 119, SPC 141-143, CS 106; INDEX OF NAMES 31 candidate for Republican nomination in 1856, WHS 143, 148, SPC 159-161; favors resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law, SPC 130, CS 121; candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167- 170, WHS 200, SPC 178-195, CFA 108; doubtful in regard to compromise in 1860, CFA 150, CS 179, 194, SPC 200, 203, 204, 209, 210; appointed secretary of the treasury, AL i. 234, WHS 213, 230, SPC 203-206; wishes to reinforce Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233, 234, SPC 209, 210; expects a short war, SPC 207, TS 175; makes loans in 1861, TS 153, SPC 221-237; reduces Lincoln's estimates, SPC 221, TS 141; reluctant to urge taxation, SPC 236, 237, TS 143, 175, 176; struggles to avoid a deficit, SPC 235, TS 142; practically forces banks to suspend, SPC 222, 230, TS 154- 156; uses treasury notes, AG 196, 209, SPC 222, 241, 242; consents to issue of legal-tender notes, SPC 246-261, 288, 289, TS 170; attempts to restrict gold speculation, SPC 286, TS 208; organizes National Banks, AG 256, HC ii. 51, SPC 238, 276-282, TS 174, CS 268; dislikes subordination to Lincoln, AL i. 275, 276, 341; interferes in military affairs, AL i. 324, 325, 330, 341, SPC 211, 212, 214, 224, 292-297, CS 241; not interfered with by Lincoln, AL i. 170, 171, SPC 291; his position on the Trent aflCair, WHS 306, SPC 214, CFA 237, CS 212; describes Lincoln's reading of emancipation proclamation, AL ii. 117, 118, 131, WHS 336, SPC 264-269; has various disagreements with Lincoln leading to his resig- nation, AL ii. 177-179, 247, 250-253, WHS 333, SPC 290, 302-307, CS 236; attacked by the Blairs, AL ii. 287, SPC 313, 314; 32 INDEX OF NAMES CHASE, SAIiMOir F. (continued), candidate of disaffected Republicans in 1864, AL ii. 109, 176, 248-250, SPC 309-312, 314, CS 271; appointed Chief Justice, Alrfii. 298, 299, SPC 321, CS, 278; admits a negro to bar, SPC 373, CS 278; [291 ; urges negro suffrage upon Johnson, SPC 331, 335, 339, CS presides over impeachment of Johnson, SPC 358-361, CS 350; leaves Republican party, SPC 364, 366, CS 362; judgments upon, GM 45, HC ii. 330, 347, LC 234, TS 143- 146, CS 86. CHASE, SAMUEZi, member of Continental Congress, PH 108, 119, JA 110; opposes federal constitution, PH 330; as federal judge impeached by Jeffersonians, TJ 232-234, JQA 36, JR 81, 94-98, 133-150; opinions concerning, JA 107, TJ 231, 232, JQA 61. CHATEATTBBIAND, PRAWgOIS AUQTTSTE, VICOMTE DE, French minister under Louis XVIII, AG 340, 341, 346, JMon 172. CHATHAM, WrCLIAM PITT, EABL OF, conducts the Seven Years' War, GW i. 93, 94; opposes the Stamp Act, BF 114, 117, 118, SA 75-79; advocates rights of the colonies, BF 118, SA 73; his popularity in the colonies, BF 149, JMon 7; his illness as member of Rockingham cabinet, BF 148, 150, SA88; his relations with Franklin, BF 74, 196, 198; considers loss of colonies fatal to England, J J 137; compared with Webster, DW 181, 196, 199. CHEVAUEB, MICHEIi, his observations on America quoted, AG 278, AJ 364, 404, MVB451. OHEVES, IiAWQDOlT, member of Congress, HC i. 78, 80, DW 47; manages Bank of United States successfully, AJ 269, 307, HC i. 352; INDEX OF NAMES 33 at Free Trade convention of 1831, AG 241; ready for secession in 1831, AJ 261. CHOATB, HUPnS, sympathizes with Adams when attacked by Sonthemers in Congress, JQA 286; active in the campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187; member of Senate, DW 197, 256; leads conservative Massachusetts Whigs, CFA 60, CS 74; at National Whig convention of 1852, DW 329. CHOISEDIi, ETIBlTlOi FBAIT^OIS, DUG DE, predicts American independence, BF 83; a liberal in politics, JJ 132; CHUBCH, DB. BENJAMIN, see index to S. Adams. CTESCO, JOHW J., assistant treasurer of the United States, AL ii. 253, SFC 217, 220, 250, 315, 316. CIiATBOBNE, W. O. C, governor of Louisiana, JK 115-118; in the Creek War, AJ 38, 54; OLABEWDOIJr, GBOBGE F. "W. VHiLIEBS, EAEL OF, controversy over his statement in 1854 about Cuba, LC 315; negotiates treaty with Reverdy Johnson, WHS 392. CLABKB, GEOBGE BOOBBS, conquers the Northwest, SA 12, PH 258-260, 263, TJ 54. CLAT, cAssnrs M., his career as political abolitionist, HC ii. 264, THB vii. CLAY, HENBV, Studies law in ofBce of Wythe, TJ 7, HC i. 6; his connection with Burr, MVB 18, HC i. 35-37; leader of war party in Congress, GM 306, JMad 292, 294, AJ 34, DW 47, JCC 15, 23, LC 55, HC i. 68-101; expects easy conquest of Canada in 1812, JMad 294, LC 59, 80, HC i. 79, 97; on peace commission of 1814, AG 312, 313, JQA 76-92, D W 65, HC i. 102-118; 34 INDEX OF NAMES CLAY, HEITBT (continued), quarrels with Adams, AG 323, JQA 82, 84, 88, 89, HC L 110, 112, 113; career as speaker of House, DW 62, 127, 150, JCC 53, HC i. 126-221, 253, 264; disappointed at not receiving State Department under Monroe, JMon 135, JQA 106, AJ 81, HC i. 141; opposes Monroe's administration, JMonl35, JQA 106, AJ 81, MVB 159, HC i. 146, 147, 149; condemns Jackson's Florida exploits, JQA 160, AJ 81, 82, HC i. 153-159; p. 163; condemns the Florida treaty, JMon 146, JQA 112, 124, HC candidate for vice-president in 1820, A J 92; uses his power as speaker to push through Missouri com- promise, JR 269, MVB 90, THB 40, HC i. 178-182, 186- 192; advocates recognition of independence of Spanish colonies, JQA 109, 152, JK 135, HC i. 147-149, 165-168, 271; calls tariff of 1824 the American system, MVB 99, DW 131, 159, JCC 33, THB 53, 81, HC i. 214r-221; candidate for presidency in 1824, AG 358, JMon 157, JQA 169, AJ 108, 115, MVB 115, THB 54, 55, HC i. 202, 204, 228-234; secures election of Adams, AG 358, JQA 169, 170, JR 281, AJ 115, 124, MVB 116, HC i. 236-248; secretary of state, AG 343, 345, JQA 177, 178, AJ 117, 118, MVB 123, JCC 62, THB 56, HC i. 249-309; accused of a corrupt bargain with Adams, JQA 170, 181- 187, JR 282, 283, AJ 117-123, JCC 62, THB 56, HC i. 242-248, 254-257, 276, 282-286; duel with Randolph, JR 287, AJ 131, THB 56; supports Panama Congress, AG 342, JR 285, MVB 124, 125, DW 136, THB 57, 58, HC i. 268, 269, 294; opposes spoils system, JQA 179, AJ 141, 142, HC i. 261, 262, 336, 337, 368, ii. 64r^8, 173, 194; opposes Jackson's policy toward France, D W 224, HC i. 56- 58; INDEX OF NAMES 3S advocates use of public lands for revenue, AJ 234, 380, 381, MVB 263, 357, THB 133, 137, HC i. 369-373, ii. 23, 100, 192, 211, 224; pushes through tariff of 1832, AJ 262, 263, DW 207, THB 89, HC i. 360-366; denounces Gallatin for favoring free trade, AG 242, HC i. 363-365; creates Whig party, MVB 122, 160, D W 135, THB 78, HC i. 325-329; brings Bank into politics, AJ 297, 298, THB 111, HC i. 356-358, 383, 384; candidate for presidency in 1832, AJ 295, 320, 321, MVB 246, 248, DW 202, THB 89, 116, WHS 13, HC i. 341, 351, 357, 358, 381-384; his position on Masonry, AJ 295, WHS 13, HC i. 343, 344; opposes Van Buren as minister to England, MVB 230, 231; arranges compromise tariff, JQA 236, AJ 335-338, DW 208-213, 216, 217, THB 94, 95, LC 151, HC ii. 10-20; loses popularity with protectionists, AJ 339; takes lead in Bank struggle, DW 220, THB 114, 115, 117, 122, HC i. 377, u. 37; moves call for Jackson's paper read to Cabinet, A J 362, HC ii. 31; introduces resolutions of censure on Jackson, AJ 363, DW 221, THB 118, HC ii. 32-37; introduces " distress petitions," MVB 253, HC ii. 38, 39; his Indian policy, THB 152, HC ii. 59-61; introduces resolutions on slavery, DW 277, THB 177, 196, HC ii. 81, 155, 159, 160, 161. his action on the bill to exclude abolitionist literature from the mails, MVB 276, HC ii. 85, 86; refuses to be presidential candidate in 1836, AJ 439, DW 218, HC ii. 97-100; opposes the expunging resolutions, THB 126, HC ii. 103, 104,106; advocates distribution of the surplus, MVB 300, 338, HC u. 122, 132, 136; 36 INDEX OF NAMES CLAY, HENBY (continued), ascribes panic of 1837 to Van Buren's policy, MVB 337, 338, 385, HC ii. 125, 139; opposes the snb-treasnrj, MVB 338, THB 178, 181, HC ii. 138-140, 191; offers resolution to receive notes of solvent banks, THB 179, HC ii. 143; has personal debate with Calhoun, AJ 339, MVB 346, THB 98, HC ii. 146, 150; condemns abolitionists, MVB 269, HC ii. 165-168; falls to receive Whig nomination in 1839, MVB 378, DW 234, HC ii. 131, 178-183; his part in campaign of 1840, MVB 382, HC ii. 187-189; declines Cabinet office under Harrison, DW 234, HC ii. 190; claims a popular mandate in 1841, THB 212-214, HC ii. 192; attempts to force the Whig measures through Congress, THB 216, 217, 221, 225, LC 207, 208, HC ii. 205, 206; denounces Tyler for his vetoes, DW 244, THB 226, HC ii. 207, 208, 214, 216, 220; arranges with Van Buren to exclude Texas question from campaign of 1844, MVB 400, HC ii. 243, 244; [250; nominated for President, DW 261, 253, LC 216, HC ii. his letters on Texas, MVB 413, LC 212, 220, 221, WHS 44- 47, HC ii. 245, 261, 262; defeated in 1844, owing to Liberty party, AJ 466, MVB 412, 413, DW 255, THB 267-260, 275, LC 223, WHS 43, 45, 47, SPC 93, CS 33, TS 62, HC ii. 250-269; calls the Mexican War bill a falsehood, CFA 73, HC ii. 290; fails to receive Whig nomination, in 1848, MVB 430, DW 265, 266, LC 246, 248, CFA 89, CS 57, HC ii. 292-307; refuses to support Taylor, WHS 73, HC ii. 308; dissatisfied with Taylor's message, THB 293; introduces compromise measures of 1850, MVB 435, 437, DW 291, 292, JCC 342, THB 294, LC 276, AL i. 89, WHS 77-79, TS 74, SPC 124, CS 70, HC ii. 329-330; INDEX OF NAMES 37 his share in the debate, THB 294, 298, LC 281, WHS 83, 92, HC ii. 334-362; denounces agitation, WHS 102, CS 87, HC ii. 378, 381, 382, 398; not a candidate for presidency in 1852, DW 328, HC ii. 385,386; retires from Senate, CS 89, HC ii. 391; reasons why he yielded to the South, DW 217, 306, LC 353, 365; relations with contemporaries, AJ 114, 119, 124, 196, JQA 82, 84, 106, 154, 296, MVB 396, 397, 400, DW 141, 280, 281; his gaming habits, JQA 103, A J 108, 109, HC i. 160, 161; judgments on, AG 356, JQA 141, 163, 296, MVB 21, 465, DW 195, 302, 345, JCC 3, THB 10, 11, 118, 260, 300, LC 194, WHS 91, TS 84, 322. CIiATTOW, ATTGTISTIirE SMITH, see index to Jackson. CLATTOIX, JOHIX M., votes for Panama mission, MVB 131; offers resolutions on nullification, A J 333; denounces the Bank veto, HC i. 377; forces Calhoun to Tote for the compromise tariff, HC ii. 17, JCC 104; advocates repeal of four years' term for civil service, HC ii. 69; opposes expunging resolutions, HC iL 102; opposes the fourth distribution of surplus, HC ii. 131; declines nomination for vice-presidency, HC ii. 181; takes part in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187; introduces compromise measures in 1848, JCC 312; secretary of state under Taylor, DW 325; describes the Kansas black code in 1855, CS 133. CLEMEITS, JEBEMTAH, career in Congress, HC ii. 375, TS 102. OLINTOir, DB WITT, his early leg^ training, J J 18; 38 INDEX OF NAMES intioduces spoils system into New York, MVB 48-50, 56; drives Burr out of politics, JR 111, MVB 51; United States Senator, MVB 51; rival of Madison for Bepublican nomination in 1812, JMad 296, JR 212; nominated by a Federalist convention, A J 294, MVB 58; his career as party leader in New York, MVB 63, 64, 66, 109, WHS 78; elected Governor, MVB 66, 73; candidate for President in 1824, JQA 149, AJ 102, HC i. 223; establishes Erie Canal, MVB 65, WHS 22; declines mission to England, HC i. 259; supports Jackson, AJ 111, MVB 109, 156, WHS 6; removed from office by Albany Regency, AJ 111, MVB 110; reelected Governor, MVB 110; judgments upon, JR 231, MVB 58, 147, 148. OIiIirTOlir, GEOKQE, his ancestry, GM 9; his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 210, 343, JJ 56, 58, 66, 77, GM 59; elected Governor of New York, JJ 82, 244, GM 59; leads radical party, JJ 206, 246, 247, GM 83, MVB 40; dreads any strengthening of central government, AH 51, 55, JJ243, GMlll; opposes ratification of federal constitution, FH 330, 353, GW ii. 71, AH 69, 70, 79, JJ 243, GM 144, MVB 5, DW 172; struggles with Federalists for control of State, AH 80, JJ 244-246; defeats Jay for Governor by a technicality, JJ 248-250, GM284; candidate for vice-president, JA 251; reelected Governor, JJ 297, 298, JR 231, MVB 41; orders seizure of French privateers, GW ii. 153; INDEX OF NAMES 39 protests against spoils system, MVB 48-^0; replaces Burr as yice-piesident, TJ 239, 241, MVB 43; defeats recharter of Bank by casting vote, HC i. 66; plans with Bandolph to supplant Madison, JMad 272, JB 212-231; tries to drive Gallatin from Treasury Department, JB 236; judgments on, JJ 242, JB 231, MVB 40, GM 111. CLTNTOIT, SIK HBlTBr, his career as British general in Bevolutionary War, GW i. 210, 232-238, 248, 265-269, 276, 287, 306-312, JMar. 18, 22. CI.7MBB, GEOBGE, member of Continental Congress, AH 35, JMar 53. COBB, HOWEIiIi, member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 69; elected speaker of House in 1849, HC ii. 326, CS 69, TS 70, 71; calls compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii. 375; secretary of treasury under Buchanan, LC 328, 345, AL i. 187, 198, WHS 208, SPC 220; advocates secession in 1861, LC 340, AL i. 183, 188, CFA 133, TS 129. COBB, THOMAS "W., leader of Crawford party in Greorgia, AJ 256, MVB 108. COBD£!N, BICHABB, visits America during Jackson's administration, AJ 430; astonished at apathy of North in 1861, CFA 166, 157; supports the side of the North, CFA 262-265, 336, CS 210; his death, CFA 371-373; relations with his contemporaries, CFA 301, 338, CS 247, 252; Adams's estimate of, CFA 372-376. COIiWAX., SCHOTX^EB, expects Douglas to join Bepublican party in 1858, AL i. 116, SPC 180; his career in House, AL i. 297, SPC 285, CS 224, TS 147j 40 INDEX OF NAMES as speaker announces passage of thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 326; career as vice-president, CS 389, 405. COIiIiAMEB, JACOB, member of Congress, AL i. 74; postmaster general under Taylor, HC ii. 321; his report on Kansas, WHS 158, 159; candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 169; in United States Senate, AL i. 297. coNKLnsro, hosoob, member of Congress, AL i. 297, CFA 109; his attitude on war measures, TS 147, 160, 165, 192, 216; on committee on reconstruction, TS 259; attacks Sumner for opposing Giant, CS 376, 388, 390, 394, 395; offers C. F. Adams vice-presidency on Grant ticket, CFA 392; defends War Department against Sumner and Schurz, CS 408. OON-WTAY, GENETCATi HENKY S., opposes Stamp Act, BF 115; favors cause of colonies, SA 72, BF 115, 117; suggests treating for peace, BF 284; moves address against Lord North, JA 209, BF 364. COITWAY, THOMAS, his connection with the plot to drive Washington out of command, GW i. 216-226, PH 250. COOKE, JAY, see index to Chase. COOPEB, DB. MYIiEB, president of King's College, AH 10, 11, JJ 11, 12. COOPEB, BEV. SABIUEL, Whig leader in Massachusetts, SA 7, 150, 244, 311, BF 138, 180, AG 17. COOPEB, WHiUAm, see index to S. Adams. COSN-WAIAJ.a, CHABIiES, IiOBD, in the Trenton campaign, GW i. 175-182; INDEX OP NAMES 41 in Philadelphia campaign, GW i. 197, 236; his campaign in the Carolinas, PH 278, GW i. 302, TJ 55, THB7; invades Virginia, PH 279, GW i. 302-308, GM 99, JMar 24, TJ 66, 61; surrenders at Torktown, GW i. 308, 316-320, GM 100, 101, TJ62. COBWnr, THOMAS, in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187; member of Senate, HC ii. 330; secretary of treasury, HC ii. 355, WHS 93; chairman of committee on compromise in 1860, CFA 132, CS 186, 187, TS 121, 126; makes treaty with Mexico, CS 220; judgment on, SPC 58, 166. CRAia, SIB JAMES, his connection with Henry letters, JMad 299, 300, HC i. 82. CBAWPOED, WHiliIAM H., minister to France, AG 315; secretary of war, AJ 60; candidate for presidency in 1816, JMon 134, MVB 75; secretary of treasury, AG 215, JMon 129, AJ 64, 359; introduces four years' term for office-holders, AJ 107, MVB 139, THB 72; fills offices with personal supporters, JQA 180, HC i. 231, DW 132, 142; his attitude on Jackson's Seminole campaign, AJ 82, MVB 185; opposes tariff of 1824, MVB 103; his rivalry with Calhoun, AJ 106, 197, 198, MVB 157, JCC 53, 66; candidate for President in 1824, AG 356-358, JMon 157, JQA 158-160, 169, 173, JR 213, AJ 110, 111, 116, 116, MVB 94, 95, 113, 114, HC i. 223-239, DW 141-143, JCC 66, 57, THB 54, 65; attacked by paralysis, AG 357, JQA 170, A J 108; 42 INDEX OF NAMES appointed circuit judge, AJ 128, 130; refuses Treasury Department, AJ 141, HC i. 249; opposes nullification, AJ 256; betrays Calhoun to Jackson, AJ 199-205, MVB 186, JCC 87-90, LC 133; opinions concerning, AG 355, JMon 133, 134, JQA 112, 113, 164^158, JR 55, AJ 81, 106-108, MVB 106, 107, HC i. 223, JCC 66. CHITTENDEN, JOHN J., says Calhoun was frightened into Compromise of 1833, AJ 338; opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102; opposes distribution of fourth installment of surplus, HC ii. 136; attorney-general under Harrison, HC ii. 191; succeeds Clay in Senate, HC ii. 225; his share in Oregon debate, LC 228; considers Clay an impossible candidate in 1848, HC ii. 293; attorney general under FiUmore, HC ii. 356; opposes Lecompton constitution, WHS 183; offers compromise resolutions in 1860, AL i. 202, WHS 215, 216, CS 187, 192; offers resolution defining purpose of war, AL ii. 4, CS 206, TS148; opposes Lincoln's plan for compensated emancipation, AL ii. 22. OBOOKETT, DAVY, writes life of Van Buren, MVB 251; his death at the Alamo, MVB 358, THB 30. CURTIS, BENJAMIN B., supports compromise of 1850, CS 74; dissents from Dred Scott decision, AL i. 103, WHS 170i 171, CS 165; counsel for Johnson in impeachment case, CS 348, TS 338, 340. CUBTIS, EDWABD, see index to Clay. INDEX OF NAMES 43 OUBTIS, aSOBOB TICKXOB, his biography of Webster quoted, AJ 338, CFA 83, JCC 75, DW passim. cuasnsa, caIiEB, denounces Van Bnren in 1837, MVB 336; defends Adams against proposed censure, JQA 276; on mission to China, DW 254; leads Democratic opposition to election of Sumner, CS 82; his opinion on Trent affair, CS 209; mentioned for chief justice in 1874, CS 429; relations with contemporaries, JQA 289, CS 346, 371. CUSHIWa, THOMAS, his career as mouthpiece of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 83, 84, 104, 110, 121, 150, 176, 190, 197, 243, 267; his connection with Hutchinson letters affair, BF 180; member of Continental Congress, SA 265, 267, 282, 300, 309, PH 174, JA 52, 62; favors conciliation, SA 213, 215, 307; opposes giving Washington command, JA 95; opinions concerning, SA 319, 320. ODBTIS, JOHX, see index to Washington. DATiTiAS, ftT.F.XATTPEB 3., his ancestry and early life, AG 58; as secretary of Fennsylvania protests against Grenet's course in "Little Sarah " affeiir, GW ii. 155, AG 51; his part in whiskey rebellion, AG 92; throws up brief in Fries trial, JR 100; acting secretary of war, A J 58; secretary of treasury, AG 215, 236; proposes National Bank and protective tariff, AG 266, HO i. 130, 132. TI AT.T.A H, aEOBOE U., connected with peace negotiations of 1814, AG 301, 310, 311, 318; withdraws Calhoun's name from presidential canvass in 1824, AJ 112; 44 INDEX OF NAMES presents memorial of Bank for recbaiier, AJ 300; in nullification debate, THB 81; elected vice-president, MVB 411, HC ii. 252, LC 217; minister to England, LC 334, WHS 280, 282; tries to prevent recognition of Confederacy by England, CFA 157, 158, 169, 171. DAIiBYMFIiS, COI>OIO!Ii "WUiIiIAM, see index to S. Adams. DAIfA, FBAirCIS, minister to Russia, JMon 130, JQA 13; declines special mission to France, JA 277, JMar 100; relations with contemporaries, BF 342, 345, CFA 3, 4. DARTMOUTH, WILLIAM: LEGGB, EABL OF, succeeds Hillsborough as secretary of state, BF 165; shows friendly attitude toward colonies, BF 166, SA 213; objects to Massachusetts resolves, BF 167, 168; his dealings with Hutchinson, SA 256, 335. DAVIS, DAVID, member of Illinois bar, AL i. 68; Lincoln's political mana- ger, AL i. 90, 197; appointed to Supreme Court, SPC 325; his opinion in various cases, SPC 347, 387. DAVIS, QABHETT, member of Senate, AL i. 297, ii. 16, CS 420. DAVIS, HENKT WTNTEB, opposes recognition of Hayti and Liberia, CS 222; introduces reconstruction bill of 1864, AL ii. 230, 231, TS 234; denounces Lincoln, AL ii. 234, WHS 370; opposes Lincoln's renomination, AL ii. 265, CS 271; opinions upon him, TS 316. DAVTS, JEPBTEBSON, his career in Mississippi, THB 194, WHS 105; leads Southern radicals in opposition to compromise of 1850, HC ii. 330, 334, 344, 350, THB 300, AL i. 89, 90, SPC 128, WHS 88, 89; secretary of war under Pierce, SPC 132, AL i. 303; INDEX OF NAMES 45 persuades Pierce to favor Nebraska bill, WHS 118; his opinion on squatter sovereignty, LC 294, 295, WHS 188, CS 171; approves Brooks' assault on Sumner, CS 150, 151; refuses fellowship to Douglas, SPC 178; plots secession, WHS 209, 217; repudiates compromise in 1860, AL i. 204; President of Confederate States, AL i. 205, 206, TS 129, 130, CS 182; his conduct of military affairs, AL i. 238, 241, 242, 303, ii. 283, WHS 283, 289; his policy toward border States, AL i. 266, 267, 353, ii. 154; expects to coerce England through cotton, CPA 159-163; issues letters of marque, CFA 171, AL i. 282; praised in England, CFA 280, CS 249; his capture, AL ii. 330, 334; tries to treat for peace, AL ii. 304, 305, WHS 276; suspected of connection with Booth's plot, AL ii. 352; failure of attempt to try for treason, AL ii. 340, SPC 362- 354, CS 303, 318; judgments upon him, GM 314, THB 145, 288, CPA 280. DAVTS, JOHN, career in Senate, JQA 296, HC ii. 330, LC 232, CS 45; nominated for vice-president, HC ii. 230. DAVTS, BEUBEBT, leads secessionists in House in 1861, CFA 133, CS 186, 187. DAYTOIT, JOUATHAIT, in 1794, moves confiscation of British debts, JJ 264; Democratic leader of House, AG 98, 104, 132, 134; gives public dinner to Monroe, JMon 67; joins Federalists after XYZ affair, AG 149, 158; his connections with Burr, AG 104, JR 155, 219. DAYTOlir, WILLIAM L., Bepnblican candidate for vice-presidency in 1856, LC 322, ALi. 101; candidate for nomination in 1860, AL i. 167, 169, 170; minister to France, CFA 144. 46 INDEX OF NAMES DEANE, SIIiAS, member of Continental Congress, PH 114, 115, 173, 174, JA 103, 108, JJ 40; envoy to France, BF 222, 224, 269, J J 44, 133, TJ 66; joins with plana of Beaumarchais, BF 230, JJ 96, 133, 134; sends European officers to America, BF 242, GW i. 190; slandered to Congress by ^lee and Paine, BF 238, 239, JA 146, 148, GM 81; recalled in disgrace, BF 223, 289; abandons cause of colonies, BF 223, 240; relations with contemporaries, BF 238, 240, 243, 290, 399, JJ 98, GM 81; judgments on, BF 220, 222, JJ 97, 98. DSABBOBir, GENSBAIi HENBT, career in War of 1812, JMad 308, LC 82, 83. DU GBASSE, FBAJSrgOia JOSEPH FAXTL, COMTE, see index to Washington. DUIiANCEY FAMTLT, Tory leaders in New York, GW i. 306, GM 14, 18, 19, 38, JJ 64, 65, 121, 203. CEBBT, E. a. STANIiET, EABIi OF, travels in United States, DW 147; in English politics, MVB 123, CFA 304, 388. DB BOCHAMBEAU, JEAN BAPTISTS, COMTE, see index to Washington. D'ESTAOTO, CHABI.es HECTOB, COMTE, see index to Washington. DE TOCQtrEVXLIiE, AI.EXIS, his opinions on America quoted, SA 384, 386, MVJbS 25. DE ■WITT, ALEXAITDEB, Free-soU member of Congress, SPC 139, CS 106. BEXTEB, BAMITEIi, secretary of war, JA 310, JMar 148; secretary of treasury, AG 177, 181; his legal career, JMar 169, DW 29, 35; judgments on, JMar 169, DW 29. INDEX OP NAMES 47 UlCKEBSON, MAHTiOIf, opposes Panama Congress, MYB 129, 131; votes for tariff of 1828, MVB 143; secretary of navy under Jackson and Van Buren, MYB 283; relations with Cass, LC 202. DICETETBOir, DAITTEili S., at Democratic national convention of 1844, MYB 408, 411; accuses Webster of mismanagement of State Department, DW260; leads Himker faction of New York Democrats, IVTYB 415, HC u. 304; aided by Polk's distribution of ofBces, MYB 417; author of doctrine of squatter sovereignty, MYB 422, HC ii. 303, JCC 309, LC 235; advocate of compromise of 1860, MYB 437; candidate for Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1864, AL ii. 264. DICKHTSOIT, JOHir, defends proprietors of Pennsylvania and attacks Franklin, BF 94, 97, 98; writes Farmer's letters, SA 98; leads moderates in Continental Congress, BF 206, SA 311, PH 105, 106, 117, 118, JA 87, 102, 125, JJ 18, 44, TJ 24; loses control of Pennsylvania, SA 312; quarrels with Adams, J A 101, 107; at battle of Monmouth, 6W i. 236; judgments on, SA 324, JA 87, JJ 10, 44. DEN WiUDHi, BOBEBT, see index to Washington. DISBATJTJ, BBNJAMnr, his foreign policy, MYB 126; considers free trade mere expediency, DW 164; opposes English intervention in Civil War, CFA 302; denounces indirect claims for Alabama damages, CFA 387. DIX, JOSN A., at Democratic convention of 1840, MYB 379; 48 INDEX OF NAMES leads Barnburners, MVB 415, 423, 429, HC ii. 304, 311; talks about possible secession of New York in 1860, AL i. 97; as secretary of treasury, orders flag protected, AL i. 200, 201, WHS 209. SIXOIir, ABCHTBAIiD, moves repeal of Missouri compromise, LC 293, AL i. 94, CS 103; said to have been instigated by Seward, WHS 123, 126, 127. DIXOSr, JAMUS, member of Senate, SPC 305, CS 219. DODGE, AtraUBTUS CAESAB, introduces bill to organize Nebraska, WHS 124, CS 102. DODGE, HEISTBT, declines Barnburner nomination for vice-president, MVB 427, LC 251; opposes Nebraska bill, SPC 145. DOOIiITTIiE, JAMES B., his career in Senate, AL i. 297, CS 263, 305. DOUGLAS, STEPHEM- A., his early career in Illinois, AL i. 43, 61, 63, 68, 77; proposes application of Missouri compromise line to Texas, HC ii. 272; moves application of Missouri compromise to Oregon, DW 286; supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 330, 350, SPC 129, CS 66, 87; candidate for Democratic nomination in 1852, LC 288; introduces Kansas-Nebraska bill, LC 293, 294, AL i. 95, WHS 117-128, SPC 133-147, CS 104^106; his doctrine of popular sovereignty, AL i. 107; his quarrel with Chase, SPC 109, 134-145, CS 106; his unpopularity in North, LC 295, AL i. 95; meets Lincoln in debate, AL i. 95, 96; denounces Know-Nothings, WHS 138; censures Emigrant Aid Society for causing Kansas troubles, WHS 158, 159, SPC 171, CS 136, 137; INDEX OF NAMES 49 his controversy with Sumner in 1856, LC 318-320, WHS 119, 163, CS 140-144; candidate for Democratic nomination in 1856, AL i. 101; opposes Lecompton constitution, AL i. 106, 108, 109, WHS 177, 178, SPC 174, CS 160, 167; movement to make him Republican candidate, AL i. 116, 117, SPC 174, 180, CS 176; repudiated by South, AL i. 164, 165, WHS 177, 188, SPC 107, TS 111; his campaign against Lincoln in 1858, AL i. 113-149, CS 169; candidate for presidency in 1860, LC 338, AL i. 163, 164, 174, 175, 178, WHS 193, SPC 196, CS 176; ofiers support to Lincoln after fall of Fort Sumter, AL i. 251, SPC 254; judgments upon, AL i. 106, 113-149, SPC 131, 136, 150, TS 111. DBAYTOW, WILLIAM H., urged by Jackson for War Department, JMon 137, AJ €0, 61, 212. BVAJSTS, JAIOIS, Whig leader in New York, SA 280, JJ 17, 26; in Continental Congress, PH 108, 115, 172, JJ 29, 30, 39; slow to favor independence, JA 120, J J 49, 54; in New York politics, JJ 74, 94; favors ratification of Constitution, GrM 144. STTANE, "nriLLIAM, abuses Gallatin in " Aurora," AG 286, 297, JR 236; adjutant-general, AG 299; opinions on, JR 212, 213, 231, AG 286. STJAm:, WILLIAM J., secretary of treasury under Jackson, AJ 345, 346, HC ii. 27; objects to Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 347, 348, HC ii. 28; refases to remove deposits from Bank, AJ 349-351, HC ii. 27, 28, LC 164; declines to let Jackson assume responsibility, AJ 354, HC ii. 29; 60 INDEX OF NAMES dismissed, A J 341, HC ii. 29; attacks Jackson's policy, AJ 354, 355. DDEB, WILLIAM, leader of Whigs in New York, JJ 58, 60, 61; joins Bepublicans, MVB 73. DHUOnBIEZ, CHABLES FBAIfgOIS, see index to Morris. DUWMOKB, JOHN MTTEBAY, EAHL OF, Governor of Virginia, GW i. 122; has controversies with Virginian House of Burgesses, FH 97, GW i. 133, TJ 17; makes campaign against Indians, FH 131; seizes gunpowder and is forced by Henry to pay for it, PH 156, 160, JMar 12; his campaign to retain the colonial government, FH 162- 166, 178, 179, JMar 12-17. DT7VALL, GABKIEL, member of Supreme Court, DW 84, 93, AJ 423. BABLY, GEIIEEAL JTJBAL A., see index to Lincoln. BATON, JOHN H., favors Missouri compromise, HC i. 184; leads Canning to suspect a plot to seize Oregon, JQA 140; circulates story of Adams's and Clay's bargain, AJ 118, HC i. 246; party manager for Jackson, AJ 133, 191; supports tariff of 1828, MVB 143; secretary of war, AJ 182, MVB 174, HC i. 330; member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 187; his marriage and the ensuing scandal, AJ 193, 194, 211, MVB 181, LC 137; aids Lewis to betray Calhoun, A J 199, MVB 186; withdraws pension funds from branch banks, AJ 274, 287; forced to support Van Buren for vice-president, AJ 317, HC i. 380; resigns from Cabinet, AJ 209, MVB 199, LC 136 ; INDEX OF NAMES 51 Governor of Florida, A J 212, LC 138; minister to Spain, AJ 212, MVB 199; a Whig in 1840, AJ 212, MVB 387. EDMXTNDS, GBOBGS F., see index to Sumner. EDWABDS, wnnAw, in Illinois politics, AL i. 51, 68; accuses Crawford of corruption, AJ 106, 107, DW 132, 142. ED-WABDS, a. PBIOE, see index to C. F. Adams. SUOT, SAUCUSI. A., defeats Sumner in congressional election, HC 366, CS 73 BLIiMAKEK, AICOS, Anti-Masonic candidate for vice-president, AJ 294, 321, MVB 246, HC i. 344. EIiIiS'WOBTH, OIiIVEB, in continental Congress, JMad 30; his cynical attitude on slavery in Federal Convention, GM 138, 139, JMad 102, 103; member of Senate, AG 61; envoy to France, PH 412, JA 298, 301. EIiT, REV. EZBA S., his controversy with Jackson, AJ 195, MVB 181. EMEBBOIf, BAIiFH "WAIiDO, see index to Sumner. BB8KINE, DAVID M., as English minister receives Monroe treaty, JMon 100, JR 210; makes treaty favorable to United States, JMad 272-274, AG 295; his treaty repudiated and himself recalled, JMad 275, 276, HC i. 73. EUSTIS, DB. "WHiIiIASI, secretary of war under Madison, JMon 107; approves Hull's proclamation, LC 64; blamed for military disasters of 1812, JMon 111; 52 INDEX OF NAMES negotiates with Dutch about a conuueicial treaty, AG 333; offers resolution admitting Missouri on conditions, HC i. 186. BVABTS, WILLIAM M., at Republican convention of 1860, AL i. 171 ; on special mission to England, CFA 364-366, CS 246; candidate for chief justiceship, SPC 320, 321; counsel for Johnson in impeachment case, CS 348, TS 338, 339. BVSBETT, ALBXAIfSEB H., editor of "North American Review, " A J 361, CFA 18. BVEBETT, EDW^AKD, proposed as commissioner to Greece, D W 130, 131 ; considers slavery as necessary, CS 38, 39; connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 14; defends the Bank, A J 368; his share in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187; minister to England, DW 246; declines mission to China, DW 264; supports compromise of 1860, CS 74; elected to Senate, CS 97; nominated for vice-president, LC 339, AL i. 166, WHS 193; on seizure of Mason and Slidell, CS 209; delivers Gettysburg oration, AL ii. 213, 214; relations with contemporaries, JQA 242, CFA 13, 42, 141. E^Tnra, thomas, his career in Senate, HC i. 377, ii. 37, 62, 69, 102, 103, SPC 156; in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 107; secretary of treasury under Tyler, HC ii. 191, 209, 269; resigns, HC ii. 214. FAIKFAX PAMILir, of Virainia, GW i. 55-66, 115, 124, ii. 367, GM 207, JMar 3. PAEBAQUT, DAVHJ a., his career in Civil War, AL i. 358, 359, ii. 284; INDEX OF NAMES 63 " swings aTound the circle " with Johnson, TS 281; judgments upon, GM 46, 102, 283, THB 287. FAUOHET, JEAIT AUTOHra! JOSEPH, French minister to United States, AH 177; his dealings with Edmund Kandolph, GW ii. 195, 196, 202, AG 103, 134. FAtTQUIBR, FHAITOIS, Governor of Virginia, PH 86, GW i. 101, TJ 7. FESSEITDEN, WILIiIAM PITT, at Young Men's Convention, 1832, HC i. 381; in the debate on the Nebraska bill, SPC 145; condemns Seward's vote on bill to coerce Mormons, WHS 186; supports Chase's financial plans, SPC 235, CS 268; on the status of seceded States, CS 219; secretary of treasury, AL ii. 253, 254, SPC 318; reluctant to oppose Johnson, CS 295; reports Keconstruction Act, TS 273; supports fourteenth amendment, CS 311; opposes Alaska treaty, CS 338; his position in the Johnson impeachment trial, CS 348, TS 345; his death, CS 373, 377. FIBIiD, DAVID DUDLEY, opposes annexation of Texas but votes for Polk, MYB 415, HC ii. 259; leader of Barnburners, MYB 418, 426; holds legal tender notes constitutional, SPC 389. FIELD, STEPHElf J., see index to Chase. FILLMOBE, MILLABD, nominated for vice-president, HC ii. 306, LC 278, WHS 49; becomes President, his Cabinet, HC ii. 355, 356, DW 324, CFA 99, CS 72; aids passage of compromise measures, MYB 435, 437, HC ii. 355, 356, LC 282, 287, WHS 93, 95; 54 INDEX OF NAMES candidate for Whig nomination in 1852, DW 329; Know-Nothing candidate for presidency in 1856, MVB 445, LC 322, AL i. 101, WHS 149; judgments on, MVB 463, HC ii. 355. FUTDIiEY, -WILLIAM, connected with whiskey insurrection, AG 71, 78, 83, 86, 89, 90; member of Congress, JK 185, 209, MVB 131. FISH, HAMrLTOlf, elected to Senate, WHS 101, CS 89; rotes against repeal of Fugitive Slave Act, CS 92; secretary of state, CFA 388, CS 363; negotiates about Alabama claims, CS 370, CFA 388; consults Adams and Sumner, CFA 389, CS 364, 369; opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369; his connection with San Domingo treaties, CS 379, 385; quarrels with Sumner, CS 393-396. FITZHEKBERT, ALLETITB, his connection with treaty of 1783, BF 372, JJ 156, 164, 167, 192, 194, 198, 200. FLAQQ, AZABIAH, in New York Democratic politics, MVB 411, 415, HC ii. 312. FLAHATTT, MADAME DE, see index to Morris. FLOBIDA-BLANCA, JOSEPH TJLONJNO, COMTE DE, see index to John Jay. FLOYD, JOHN, leads extreme Southern party in Missouri struggle, HC i. 190,191; defeated for Senate, JB 284; attacks Adams's administration, HC i. 279, 280; receives electoral vote of South Carolina in 1832, AJ 320, MVB 248, HC i. 383. FLOYD, JOHN B., secretary of war under Buchanan, LC 328, AL i. 187, WHS 209; INDEX OF NAMES 35 aids secessionists, LC 340, AL i. 199, CS 183; accused of corruption, AL i. 199; resigns on Fort Sumter question, AL i. 199, CS 184; commands at Fort Donelson, AL i. 354. FOOTB, HENKT S., in United States Senate, HC ii. 330, LC 272; in 1850, moves to refer all slavery questions to a select committee, HC ii. 347, DW 292; his opinion on Nashville Convention, JCC 322-324; leads Union party in Mississippi, WHS 105; his quarrel with Benton, THB 286. POOTB, SAMUEL A., ofBers resolution on pubUo lands, AJ 233, DW 168, THB 70. FOBSTEB, -WTUJIAM E., friendly to United States, CFA 156, 157, 263; thinks United States wishes war in 186i, CFA 188; relations with Adams and Sumner, CFA 216, 217, 264, 287, CS 169. FOBSTTH, JOHIT, War Republican in Congress, DW 47; denounces Adams's attitude on Georgia Indians, DW 137; moves for a committee to investigate bargain story about Clay, HC i. 249; secretary of state, AG 378, MVB 255, 283, AJ 407, 408; his conduct in Caroline affair, WHS 27, 28. rOSTEB, AUGUSTUS J., British minister to United States, JMad 307, JMon 108, 109, HC i. 84; tries to prevent outbreak of war in 1812, JMad 307, 308. FOX, CTTAHIiBS JAMBS, during Revolution communicates with Franklin, BF 271; attacks North for permitting French alliance with colonies, BF 281; in Bockingham cabinet tries to negotiate with United States, BF 365, 366, JA 210; willing to acknowledge independence, BF 367, GM 107, JJ 156, 197, 198; 66 INDEX OP NAMES retires from Shelbume's cabinet, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 154; his ministry of 1806, TJ 257, GM 202, JMon 90, 100; compared with various Americans, AG- 32, MVB 154, HC i. 327, DW 181, 196, 340. POX, GXJSTAVUS v., plans to relieve Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 247, WHS 233- 236; his share in success of Navy Department, WHS 231; urges purchase of Laird rams, CFA 321; urges annexation of St. Thomas, WHS 394. FOX, HBWBT B., British minister, in McLeod case, DW 239, 242, WHS 27-29; in boundary controversy, DW 246. FKAlTKLrN", BEIfJAMTTT, provides wagons for Braddock's expedition, GW i. 184, BF 60-55; expects submission to Stamp Act, SA 46, BF 106; wishes colonies represented in Parliament, SA 58, BF 49, 128; his examination at bar of Commons, SA 28, 79, BF 119- 124; hears debate on declaratory resolution, SA 72; agent for Massachusetts, SA 169, 170, BF 138; opposes independence, SA 170, 171, 310, 335, BF 169, 171, 197; unpopular in New England, SA 169, 170, BF 146, 193, 194; secures Hutchinson letters, SA 199-202, BF 177-192; suggests a continental Congress, SA 212, 213; suggests compensation for tea, SA 239, 246; I member of second continental Congress, PH 174, 175, JJ 44, T J 23, 33, 34, BF 208-218; on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, SA 313, 314, JA 123, 124, TJ 29, 30, BF 212; minister to France, JA 147, 166, GM 77, JJ 114, TJ 66, 70, LC 169, BF 219-400; his relations with Adams, JA 147, 177-180, 186, JJ 144, 183, BF 294, 296, 337, 338, 355, 391; INDEX OP NAMES 57 soothes Yergennes when irritated by Adams, JA 177, BF 350-354; helps Jay out of financial difficulties, JJ 119-124, BF 307, 321, 322, 333, 335; tries to resign, JJ 127, BF 348; member of Peace Commission, 6M 104, JJ 127, 147, BP 363; begins negotiations with Oswald and Grenville, J J 149, 150, BF 364-372; does not insist on preliminary recognition of independence in commission, JA 212, JJ 157, BF 373; wishes to negotiate in concert with Yergennes, JA 216, JJ 159, 162, 164, BF 373; has confidence in Yergennes, JJ 161, 169, 172, 184, BF 373-378, 394; yields to Adams and Jay, JA 216, GM 104, JJ 187, JQA 13, BF 379; on British debts and compensation to loyalists, JJ 155, 180, 181, 194, BF 381, 382; question as to his share in credit of treaty, GM 107, JJ 186, 200, BF 392, 393; censured by Congress, AH 36, 37, BF 388; pacifies Yergennes, J J 196, BF 387-394; commissioned to make commercial treaty, JA 224, BP 396; in Federal Convention, GW ii. 36, GM 115, MYB 4, BF 407-411; favors decentralized government, GM 119, BP 408; signs anti-slavery petition to Congress, JMad 152, 153, HC i. 31, BP415; opinions on, SA 169, 239, 324, 325, GW i. 257, ii. 8, 309, 344, 346, 364, JA 166-172, GM 45, JJ 152, 184, 185, TJ 204, AG 389. FHAITKTiTTT, 'WIIiIiIAM, see index to Franklin. FBAITKTiTJf, aSSTEBAIi WILLIAM B., see index to Lincoln. PBELIM-QHinrSEir, FBEDBBIC3K T,, see index to Sumner. 58 INDEX OF NAMES FBTlTiTTTOHUYBEN, THEODORE!, votes for repeal of four year term law, HC ii. 69; candidate for vice-president, HC ii. 250, 266, LC 216. PHEMOWT, JOHN C, on Oregon expedition, HC ii. 239, 279, 286, THB 250; Republican candidate in 1856, MVB 446, THB 313, LC 322, AL i. 101, WHS 143-149, SPC 160, 161, CFA 102, CS 157; proposed by Lincoln for French mission, CFA 144; his career in Civil War, AL i. 349, 350, ii. 36, 54, 56, 74; issues proclamation freeing slaves, AL ii. 6, 7; SFC 256, CS 198; nominated for President in 1864, AL ii. 255-259; attacked by Blair famUy, AL ii. 287, TS 313; opinions on, MVB 441, THB 321, LC 323, AL i. 349, 360, CFA 107, 108. FBEITEAU, PHIIiIP, aided by Jefferson and Madison to establish " Gazette," GW ii. 227, 228, AH 142, TJ 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, JMad 168-171; attacks leading Federalists, GWii. 227, 238, AH 141, JMad 170, 171; attacked by Hamilton, AH 143, 144; upholds Genet, AH 168. PRIES, JOHBT, his trial, TJ 232, JK 98-100; pardoned by Adams, JA 311, JK 100, 143, 144. GADSDEN, CHRISTOPHER, leads radicals before Revolution, BF 107, 111, SA 306; in continental Congress, PH 104, 105, 108, 112, 176. GAGE, GEIOIRAX. THOMAS, his career as Governor of Massachusetts, SA 91, 113, 241- 303, GW i. 126; his controversy with Washington over treatment of prison- ers, GW i. 145-147, 156. GAIWES, GENEHAIi EDMUND PENDLETOW, causes Seminole War, A J 66-69; INDEX OF NAMES 69 ordered to seize St. Augustine, AJ 80, HC i. 161; ordered by Adams to protect Creeks, AJ 222; ordered by Jackson to enter Texas, AJ 419, HC ii. 91. OALLATIIT, ALBEBT, his connection with whiskey rebellion, GW ii. 129, AG 48- 65, 62-96; Bepublican leader in Congress, AH 202, JMar 143-146, TJ 155, JK 40, 43, 69, AG 106-168; opposes Alien and Sedition acts, JMad 233, AG 152, 157, 158; secretary of treasury, TJ 288, JMad 252, 275, 317, JMon 107, JR 50, 234, 235, AJ 48, 360, AG 170-300; urged by Jefferson to reduce public debt, TJ 288, AG 184, 188; criticizes Jefferson's lack of system, JR 83, AG 188, 283; arranges Yazoo settlement, JR 103, 109; makes report on internal improvements, HC i. 46, AG 224, 290; makes report on manufactures, HC i. 55-57; intrigue against in 1811, TJ 288, JR 112, 233, 236, HC i. 64, AG 294, 295, 297; fails to get Bank reohartered, HC i. 63, 64, AG 234, 252- 256, 260, 262, 296; tries to resign, JR 237-240, AG 231, 296; dissuades Madison from making Clay commander in War of 1812, HC i. 88; Peace Commissioner, JQA 75, 76, AJ 48, HC i. 100, 101, AG 301-326 ; tries to induce the Czar to mediate, HC i. 106, AG 307, 308, 313, 315; warns Madison of British preparations, AJ 49, AG 308, 316-318; acts as peacemaker between his colleagues, JQA 77, 82, HC i. 110, 113, AG 322, 323; supplants Adams in drafting papers, JQA 82, AG 319; negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98, HC i. 123, 124, AG 326, 327; 60 INDEX OF NAMES QAIiIiATrcr, AIiBBKT (continued), no longer holds JefBersonian principles, JB 252, AG 356; minister to France, JMon 172, JCC 257, AG 331-341; wishes United States to aid Greece, HC i. 209; candidate for vice-presidency, AJ 110, MVB 114, HC i. 232, AG 357, 358; declines Panama mission, HC i. 293, AG 342; minister to England, MVB 219, 231, HC i. 298-301, AG 342-348; writes address for Free Trade Convention of 1831, AJ 261, HC i. 359, AG 241, 242; denounced by Clay, HC i. 363-365, AG 242; [276; aids in resumption of specie ^payments, HC ii. 143, AG 273- relations with contemporaries, PH 16, 17, JMon 116, JA 64, JR 55, HC i. 365, ii. 36; judgments on, GM 89, TJ 288, JB, 69, AJ 48, 49, HC i. 364,365. GALLOWAY, JOSEPH, opposes proprietary party in Pennsylvania, BP 94r-97; in continental Congress, FH 105, 108; proposes a scheme for colonial union, SA 287, PH 115, JJ35. GAMBIER, LORD, on English Peace Commission at Ghent, AG 316, JQA 76, 86, 91, HC i. 165; negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98. GABDOQUI, DIEGO, negotiates with Jay concerning navigation of Mississippi, PH 307, 308, JJ 208, 209, JMad 79. GABPIELD, JAMES A,, representative of Western Reserve, LC 255, 268; in Congress during war, CS 366; counsel for Milligan, SPC 345; his relations with Chase, SPC 214, 295, 421. GABIiAITD, HUGH A., clerk of House during organization contest of 1839, JQA 290-293, MVB 375, 376. INDEX OF NAMES 61 GABBISOIf, 'WXLIiIAM IiIiOTD, advocates immediate emancipation, HC ii. 72, JCC 121, SPC 36, CS 37; mobbed in Boston, HC ii. 76, LC 178, CFA 29, CS 39; his view as to power of Congress over slavery, JQA 264, MVB 272; advocates disunion, G-M 312, CFA 76; has few followers in West, SPC 36; ceases to be influential by 1844, CFA 68; welcomes secession, SPC 199; his attitude toward public men, AL i. 177, ii. 266, CS 91, 416; opinions upon, SA 336, GM 312, MVB 273, HC ii. 77, SPC 60, 54, CFA 58, 69. QATBS, HOHATIO, fails to aid Washington at Trenton, 6W i. 180; captures Burgoyne, BF 272, 280, 298, GW i. 208-211, AH 18, GM 62-64, JJ 319; tries to supplant Washington, PH 242-260, GW i. 216-226, AH 19; defeated at Camden, PH 277, GW i. 268, 281, 294, TJ 56; opinions on, GW i. 132, GM 63-66. OEAKY, JOHH "W., governor of Kansas Territory, LC 324, 326, WHS 167, 172. GENET, EDMOIiTD CHABI.ES, French minister to United States, GW ii. 148, AH 164, TJ 132, JMad 199; his journey to Philadelphia, GW ii. 151, AH 166, JMad 200, JMar 94; violates neutraUty, GW ii. 161-157, AH 165, 166, JJ 257, JMar 93, 95, TJ 133, 135, 139, 141; demands money, GW ii. 153, AH 167, 168, TJ 139; plans to invade Mexico, GW ii. 161; upheld by Jefferson and Madison, PH 397, AH 167, TJ 138, 142, JMad 200-202; threatens to appeal from Washington to the people, GW ii. 159, 160, AH 168-170, JJ 258, JMar 96; 62 INDEX OF NAMES his recall demanded, GW ii. 158, GM 254, JMar 95, TJ 142, JMad 207, 209, JMon 42; remains in America, GW ii. 168; effect of his career upon parties, GW ii. 237, 241, JA 252, AH 172, TJ 141, JMad 201, 207, AG 57, 102, 134; judgments upon, GW ii. 149, AH 165. OBOBGB m., brings about peace of 1763, BE 78; dismisses Grenville, BF 114; hates Shelburne, BF 148, 150; his responsibility for England's policy toward colonies, SA 92, GM 7; attempts to buy off American leaders, BF 358; his bitterness toward America after war, JA 229, 230, TJ 72, GM 198; his remarks on Jay Treaty, JJ 271; opinions on, BF 126, 127, SA 23, 24, GM 7, 266, TJ 27. 0:]gBABD, COIfBAI) AI.EXATTDHE, negotiates treaty of alliance between France and United States, BF 274-279; minister to United States, BF 285, 298, SA 341, GW i. 246, GM 77, JJ 111-116, 135-141; dissuades Congress from attacking Canada, J J 151, 162; corrupts members of Congress, JJ 139-141; induces Congress to change instructions of Peace Commis- sion, JA 161, 169, 204, GM 77, 78, JJ 111, 137; opposes Mississippi navigation in treaty of 1783, GM 78, 79, JJ 112. aERBT, EIiBBTDaE, Whig leader in Massachusetts colony, SA 52, 273; in Continental Congress, SA 309,314, JA 112, JJ 143, 205, TJ34; urges that fisheries be included in treaty of peace, J J 143; opposes ratification of Constitution, SA 360, PH 330; in Congress, JMad 127, 132, 159, 160; on special mission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 276, 277, AH 200, JMar 100, TJ 169, 161, AG 139; INDEX OF NAMES 63 his behavior in the XYZ aSair, JA 278, 282, 288, AH 200, 201, JMar 114, 118, 120-125, TJ 167, AG 162; uses " Gerrymander," JMad 120; judgments on, GW ii. 292, JMar 127. OrDDlBTOS, JOSHXTA K., member of House, SPC 84, 114, 119, AL i. 80, TS 70, 86; type of Western Reserve anti-slavery feeling, LC 198, SPC 43, 57; points out slavery element in Seminole War, LC 164; his theory of powers of Congress over slavery, JCC 203, SPC 65, CS 33; introduces resolutions on Creole case, HC ii. 234; censured by House, JMad 185, HC ii. 235, LC 209; supports Clay in 1844, THB 260; demands all of Oregon, JCC 269; refuses to vote for Winthrop for speaker, CS 65; at Buffalo Free-SoU Convention, MVB 427, SPC 99, CS 90; in Ohio senatorial election of 1849, SPC 108, 119; his comments on Webster's 7th of March speech, DW 294, 313; denounces Fugitive Slave Act, HC ii. 379, LC 287, CS 88; signs appeal of Independent Democrats, SPC 138, CS 106; reward offered for his head in Virginia, CS 174; at Bepnblican convention of 1860, AL i. 177; judgments on, THB 260, LC 198, 254, SPC 176. OrLES, WELLIAM B., attacks Hamilton in Congress, AH 146, 148, TJ 109, 110, JMad 189, 191; attacks Washington, GW ii. 251, 252, AG 128, 129; silenced by XYZ disclosures, AH 202; loses leadership to Gallatin, AG 140; attacks Adamses, JQA 15, 211, 296; in Cha^e impeachment, JB. 138, 139, 162; in election of 1808, JR 228; attacks Gallatin, JR 233, 236; defeated for Senate, JR 284; 64 INDEX OF NAMES in Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 239; judgments on, AG 100, JQA 212, JR 141, 196, MVB 154. GUiMUB, THOMAS MV., has controversy with J. Q. Adams, JQA 281, 282; as Governor of Virginia has controversy with Seward over slave-kidnappers, WHS 37; writes letter on Texas annexation, JCC 223; killed by "Peacemaker'' explosion, THB 320. aZRABD, STEPHEN, aids government in 1813, AG 213, 269, HC i. 99; his will assailed by Webster, DW 98. GLADSTOITE, -WILLIAM E^WAET, condemns liberal movement in Canada in 1837, MVB 351 ; Chancellor of Exchequer in 1861, CFA 153; proclaims success of Confederacy, CFA 280, 289, CS 242; estimates extent of losses from cotton famine, CFA 274; announces that England repudiates indirect Alabama dam- ages, CFA 387; judgments on, MVB 123, 158, THB 314, CFA 286, 289, 368-370, CS 245. QODEBICH, F. J. ROBIWSOW, VISCOUWT, negotiates trade conventions with United States, AG 347, HC i. 124, 298. aOOBBICH, CHAtJWOY, Federalist member of Congress, AG 99, 143, 156, JR 220. QOBE, CHRISTOPHEB, see index to Webster. OOULBtrBW, HENEX, on English peace commission of 1814, AG 316, 318, 319, 321, JQA 76, 86, 91, HC i. 105; negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98, HC i. 124. QOTTVERITEUB, SAMUEL, refuses to send abolition papers South by mail, AJ 411, MVB 276, HC ii. 83. QBAIfQEB, FBAIfCIS, leader of Anti-Masons, AJ 439, HC i. 346, MVB 245; INDEX OF NAMES 65 nominated foi vice-president, AJ M4, 449, MVB 260, HC ii. 98; postmaster-general, HC ii. 191. GKAJiTT, ULTSSES S., expects a short war in 1861, WHS 224; his career in Civil War, AL i. 333, 354, 355, 360-364, ii. 96, 157-167, 267, 276-284, 300, 329-340, CFA 356, TS 224; movement to nominate in 1864, AL ii. 259, 263; wishes amnesty after war, AL ii. 229, SFC 352; writes optimistic report on state of South, CS 304, 305; accompanies Johnson while " swinging around the circle," TS281; attempt of Johnson to make him supplant Stanton in War Department, SFC 358, CS 347, TS 330, 334; elected Fresident in 1868, SFC 363, CFA 378, CS 356, 357; wishes Johnson-Clarendon treaty rejected, CS 360; his Cabinet, SFC 392, CS 359, 363; not inclined to settle Alabama claims, CS 341; favors recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369; reorganizes Supreme Court, SFC 359-401; tries to secure annexation of San Domingo, CS 379-387, 399; quarrels with Sumner, CS 382, 385, 386, 389, 390, 398, 401; opposed by Liberal Republicans, SFC 413, CFA 390, 391, CS 410, 412-415; renominated in 1872, MVB 118, CS 410; his popularity, CS 381, 410; spoils system under, CS 386, 410; judgments upon, GM 45, THE 34, CFA 345, CS 383, 384. OBATSOIT, TyTTiTiTAM, his share in adoption of Northwest Ordinance, JMon 25; opposes ratification of Constitution, FH 320, JMar 64, JMon 29; elected to Senate, FH 353, JMar 88, JMon 33. 66 INDEX OF NAMES GKEELEY, HOBACE, type of modern editor, CFA 67; describes office-seekers in 1841, HC ii. 93; describes effect of Clay's letters in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 264; supports Taylor in 1848, MVB 431; on effect of Fugitive Slave Law in the North, HC 392, LC 283; aids in formation of Republican party, LC 304; angry at failure to receive nomination in 1854, WHS 140, 141; his comment on the Know-Nothing party, LC 311; favors Douglas against Lincoln in 1858, AL i. 112; works against Seward in Republican convention of 1860, AL i. 167, 172, WHS 144, 196-199, SPC 191; at first favors peaceable secession in 1861, AL i. 191-193, 210, 231, SPC 199, CS 184; suggests French mediation between North and South, AL ii. 174; tells Lincoln that twenty millions demand emancipation, AL ii. 105-109; opposes Lincoln's renomination, AL ii. 260, 261, 266, 267, SPC 309, CS 271; demands immediate peace, AL ii. 267, 268 ; tries to negotiate with Confederates, AL ii. 268, 269; demands negro suffrage, CS 295; candidate for presidency, SPC 369, 413, CFA 390, 391, CS 411, 416, 418; his death, CS 419. GBMBir, DtrPF, edits " Telegraph " as Jackson's organ, AJ 134, 135, 191, 192; attacks J. Q. Adams, HC i. 280; sides with Calhoun against Van Buren, AJ 206, MVB 191, repudiated by Jackson, AJ 207, HC i. 346; tries to induce Lincoln to aid Buchanan in 1860, AL i. 210; judgment on, AJ 185. INDEX OF NAMES 67 GBEENS, GEIOIIlAIi ITATHATTAEIi, his career in the War of Revolution, PH 278, GW i. 164, 174, 199, 200, 232, 268, 282, 295, 302-304, 322, GM 38, 45, 75, 99, 100, JMar 23, TJ 52; proposed for a dictator, PH 286; relations with contempoiaries, GW ii. 334, AH 13, 296, GM 75, 98. GBsaa, AinjKBW, member of Congress, JCC 22, JR 172. OBEITVIIiIiB, GEOBOB, enforces colonial trade regulations, BF 104, SA 36; causes passage of Stamp Act, BF 104, 106, 108, SA 46, 70- 72; asserts rights of Parliament over colonies, BF 117, SA 68; loses prestige, BF 143; judgments on, BF 143, SA 36, 71. GBEMrVHiLlI, THOMAS, sent by Fox to treat for peace with France and United States, BF 366, JA 210, JJ 149, 150; faUs to deal with Franklin, BF 368-372, JJ 150; recalled, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 156. OKENVILLE, WILIilAM WYITDHAM, BABOl]-, corresponds with Morris, GM 266-269; denies inciting Western Indians, GW ii. 175;"! sends Fauchet letter to Washington, AG 103; negotiates Jay treaty, GW ii. 180, 181, AH 175, GM 285, JJ 270-280, AG 117, 350; considered by English to have been duped, GM 285, JJ 279; negotiates with J. Q. Adams, JQA 22; appoints commissioners to treat with Monroe and Pinckney, JMon 100. GBTDIiET, JEBEMIAH, opposes Stamp Act, SA 67, JA 28. GBTBB, JUDGE BOBEBT C, see index to Chase. 68 INDEX OF NAMES GBIFFHT, JUDGE CTBUS, in British debts case, PH 362, 364, JJ 255, JMar 37; in Burr trial, J Mar 209. GBIMES, JAMES ^V., Governor of Iowa, SPC 172; in Senate during war, AL i. 296, CS 239; opposes Fieedman's Bureau, CS 266; in Johnson impeachment trial, CS 348. QKIS\rOLD, BOQEK, his career in Congress, AG 65, 98, 113, 133, 143, 156, 161; his fight with Lyon, AG 141, JR 106. GKOAJT, GAIiTJSHA A., his career in Congress, AL i. 297, CFA 110, TS 97, 138. QKUlSrDTr, FBIiTX, a war Republican, HC i. 78, DW 47, LC 55; JCC 20; leads debtor party in Tennessee, A J 158; offers resolution against nullification, A J 333; attorney-general under Van Buren, MVB 393. HALE, JOHN P., his anti-slavery career in Senate, HC ii. 330, 379, LC 277, AL i. 296, WHS 185, SPC 114, 115, CS 63; nominated by Liberty party in 1847, HC ii. 310, LC 251, SPC 95, 96; defeated by Van Buren for Free Soil nomination, MVB 428, 431, HC ii. 312, SPC 100, 102, CFA 99; denounces Fugitive Slave Act, CS 88; defeated for Senate, CS 101; Free-Soil candidate for President in 1852, MVB 439, LC 290, SPC 132, CS 96; sums up Buchanan's doctrine of secession, AL i. 190; denounces submission to England in Trent affair, AL i. 386, CS 214; estimates of, SPC 113, 119, 148, CS 86. HALL, DOMXIflOK A., see index to Jackson. HALLECK, OEITBBAL HEWBT "W., see index to Lincoln; INDEX OF NAMES 69 orders fugitive slaves to be returned, AL ii. 8, CS 204, TS 216. EAMTLTOir, AT.TJTgATvrmmn his ancestry, GM 89, AH i. 282-295; serves in war of Revolution, GW i. 216, 217, 234, 284, 285, 316, 329, AH 12-24; writes letters on finance, GW i. 298, ii. 19, AH 26-29; member of Congress under the Confederation, GW i. 333, JMad 30-36, AH 34r42, 79; urges amnesty to Loyalists, FH 289, JJ 206, 242, AH 46, 47; at Annapolis Convention, JMad 59, AH 53, 54; member of Federal Convention, BF 409, GW ii. 35, GM 115, 118, 137, JMad 94, MVB 5, AH 56-62; writes " Federalist," GM 144, JJ 225, JMad 111, AH 65- 69; secures ratification of Constitution in New York, GM 144, JJ 231, 233, JMad 115, AH 70-79; Federalist leader in New York, GM 283, AH 79-81; in election of 1788 diminishes Adams's electoral vote, JA 242; appointed secretary of treasury, GW ii. 66, TJ 88, AG 174-176, 243, AH 83-184; makes report on public credit, GW ii. 107, JMad 145, AG 245, AH 88-95; makes bargain with JefEerson over assumption of state debt, GW ii. 108, TJ 89, 91, JMad 143, 151, AH 123- 126; his report on the mint, GW ii. 81, AG 245, AH 105; his report and argument on the Bank, GW ii. 110, TJ 107, JMad 162, 163, AG 250, 251, AH 98-105, 130; aided by Washington, GW ii. 107, 108, 112, TJ 128, JMad 163, AH 166, 157; advocates excise, GW ii. 122, 123, AG 52, AH 95-97; makes report on manufactures, GW ii. 112, 114, 116, TJ 113, DW 153, AH 107-113, 130; his schemes opposed as centralizing, FH 397, JJ 244, TJ 93-95, 97, 110, 112, 124, JMad 149, AH 119; 70 INDEX OF NAMES HAMHiTOIT, AIiEXAITDBB {continued), becomes leader of Federalists, JA 245, 253, TJ 157, AG 99, MVB 465, AH 134; accused of corruption, TJ 106, 110-115, 124; advocates reelection of Washington and Adams, GW ii. 235, JA 251, JMad 186; report on public lands, AG 237, 238; his attitude toward the French Bevolution, GW ii. 139, GM 219, TJ 130, 131, JMad 193, AH 158, 250, 251; favors neutrality, GW u. 147, 169, JJ 256, JMad 198, 199, AH 154-164, 169, 255, 256; [170; niges strong measures against Genet, GW ii. 154, AH 165- attacked by JefEerson and his followers as a monarchist, GW ii. 228, 229, TJ 101, 102, 120-123, 161, 187, JMad 186, AH 136, 141; his reply, GW ii. 229, 230, 234, TJ 121, 126, 127, JMad 185, 186, 188, AH 142-145; attacked in Congress, JMad 189-191, AG 64, 65, AH 146- 148, 184; takes active part in suppressing whiskey rebellion, GW ii. 128, AG 53, 54, 76, 77, 87-92, AH 178-182; unable to go on mission to England, GW ii. 177, JJ 265, AH 175; resigns from Cabinet, GW ii. 234, AG 97; defends Jay treaty, GW ii. 187, 206, JJ 282, TJ 151, JMad 212, AG 103, AH 185-188; his career at New York bar, GM 279, MVB 28, AH 234r- 242; exposed by Monroe, GW ii. 212, TJ 201, JMon 74; intrigues to elect Pinckney over Adams in 1796, JA 254- 258, AH 193, 194; looked upon as party leader by Adams's Cabinet, JA 271, 272, 307, 310, JQA 27, AH 197, 230, 231; favors plan for bi-partisan commission to France, JA 273, 279, AH 200; secures publicity for XTZ despatches, JA 280, JMar 126; approves Alien and Sedition laws, GW ii. 296, AH 219, 220; INDEX OP NAMES 71 quarrels with Adams over question of rank in proTisional army, GW ii. 286-290, JA 284-286, AG 155, AH 203- 208; wishes war with Prance, GM 281, AH 199, 215; disgusted at Adams's second Prench mission, JA 298, AH 216, 217; deplores candidacy of Adams in 1800, JA 312-316, DW 23, AH 226-230; wishes Jay to divide electoral vote of New York after State election of 1800, GM 286, JJ 295, AH 223, 224; appalled at Republican success, GW ii. 295, AH 177, 178, 220, 225, 252, 254, 258-260; opposes Pederalist plan to elect Burr over Jefferson, GM 287, JMar 151, TJ 182, AH 232, 233; results of his financial policy claimed by Republicans, TJ 237, 238, AG 168, 169, 218, 231, 235, AH 132, 133; favors England against Prance, TJ 133, 135, 136, AH 136, 155, 174, 215, 267; opposes Federalist coalition with Burr, MVB 43, AH 243; his duel with Burr, and death, J Mar 201, JR 111-114, MVB 29, AH 244-268; his aristocratic views, GW ii. 225, GM 119, TJ 131, MVB 5, AH 44, 120; foresees destiny of country, GW ii. 7, AH 210-212; his opinion of the Constitution, JMar 174, TJ 113, 123, DW 172; relations with his contemporaries, GW ii. 39, 54, 317, 362, JA 243, 258, 261, 265, 266, 324, JJ 317, TJ 96, 98, JMad 166, 167, 181, 192, AG 179, JMon 34, JQA 27, DW 339; estimates of, GW ii. 67, 183, 334, 335, JA 9, GM 45, 283, JJ 19, 22, TJ 204, JMad 31, AG 28, 32, 174^176, 184, 185, HC i. 321, DW 195, 222. HAMHiTOBT, COIiONBIi HBIOIT, English commander at Detroit, pays Indians for scalps, PH 259, TJ 54, LC 32. HAMIIiTOIf , JAMBS, leads Nulliflers in South Carolina, AJ 251, 259, 327, 337, JCC 97, LC 145. 72 INDEX OF NAMES HAMILTOIT, JAMES A., member of New York " Bucfctail " faction, MVB 73; acts as temporary secretary of state, MVB 177, HC i. 331; tries to reconcile Crawford with Jackson, AJ 198, MVB 185; aids in betrayal of Calhoun to Jackson, AJ 199, MVB 185, 186; writes messages for Jackson, MVB 205; describes control of Kitchen Cabinet over Jackson, MVB 206; describes methods of appointment under Jackson, HC i. 338. HAMIIiTOlf, JOHN C, his statements as to Alexander Hamilton's parentage, AH 2, 292, 293; says Madison was author of Giles's resolutions against Ham- ilton, JMad 189, 190; accuses Gallatin of cowardice in whiskey rebellion, AG 84; a "Bucktail " in New York politics, MVB 73. TTATVTT.T W KATiTWIBAI., a Democrat in 1840, MVB 379; .member of Senate, HC ii. 330, 352; elected vice-president, LC 339, AL i. 171, SPC 196; his influence on Cabinet appointments, WHS 214, CFA 143; fails of renomination, AL ii. 263, CS 272, 273; favors removal of Sumner from his chairmanship, CS 395. HAMMOm), GEOBQE, British minister to United States, GW ii. 169, 173, AH 156, JJ265; protests against Genet's behavior, GW ii. 151, AH 165; gives Randolph's Fauchet letter to Woleott, GW ii. 195; intrigues with members of Cabinet, GW ii. 200. HAMUOm}, JABEZ D., quoted on New York politics, J J 288, 291, 292, 300, A J 139, MVB 66, 68, 78, 168, 175. INDEX OF NAMES 73 HADTCOCZ:, JOWN, leader of Boston Whigs before Revolution, SA 82, 83, 98, 110, 121, 153, 162, 168, 176, 219, 229, 237, 243, 293, 297, 298; violates revenue laws in "Liberty " affair, SA 99, JA 31; his shaie in Hutchinson letter affair, SA 202, 204; member of continental Congress, SA 299, 301, 307, 309, GM 69; mortified at failure to be made commander-in-chief, S A 302, 303, PH 153, 164, GW ii. 136, JA 95; signs Declaration of Independence, SA 314, TJ 34; his relations in later life with S. Adams, SA 340, 341, 361, 365; entertains French in Boston, SA 342; aids in securing ratification of Constitution, SA 364, 356, PH 330, AH 73; Governor of Massachusetts, SA 361, 363, AH 51, 62; reluctant to call upon Washington, GW ii. 76, 76; judgments upon him, SA 8, 104, 319, 323, 327, 330, GW ii. 74, GM 69. HAMNEQAW, EDWABD A., in debate in Senate on Oregon question, JCC 266, 271, LC 228. HATTWAY, OASTNEB, in fugitive slave case, SPC 166, TS 90, 91. HABIiAir, JAMES, in Senate, AL i. 296, CS 280, 386. HAKPEB, BOBBBT GOODLOE, Federalist leader in South Carolina, GM 283; practices before Supreme Court, JMar 169; his career as Federalist leader of House, AG 98, 111, 112, 114, 116, 133-136, 140-142, 146, 161, 162, 156, 161; denounces Monroe, JMon 71, 72; counsel for Judge Chase in impeachment trial, JB 146, 149; accuses Jefferson of nsing bribery in election of 1801, AJ 134. 74 INDEX OF NAMES HAKHISOIT, BBU JAMTW, patriot leader in Virginia, PH 66, 137, 151, 152, 176, 281; member of continental Congress, BF 209, PH 99, 106, JJ 44; signs Declaration of Independence, SA 314, TJ 34; opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 319, 320, 322. HABRISOIf, WILLIAM HElfBY, serves in War of 1812, HC i. 98, 105, THB 6, LC 57, 58, 86-89, 92; connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 19; candidate for presidency in 1836, AJ 444, 447, 448, MVB 260, 264, 279, 280, HC ii. 98, DW 219, SPC 86; nominated by Whig party in 1839, MVB 377, HC ii. 175, 176, DW 231, 232, THB 206, CS 28; his attitude on slavery, SPC 87-89; denies being an abolitionist, MVB 381, 382; in campaign and election of 1840, MVB 386, 390, 391, HC ii. 186, 189, DW 232, LC 156, WHS 29; his Cabinet and his relations with Clay and Webster, HC ii. 190, 191, 195-198, DW 234, 238, WHS 29-34, TS 57; his death, MVB 401, HC ii. 198, DW 243, THB 210; judgments upon, AJ 445, MVB 463, HC u. 185, 186, DW 237, 238, THB 10, 205, 206. HAETLEY, DAVID, his relations with Franklin, BF 256; aids American prisoners in England, BF 256-262 ; warns Franklin not to make alliance with France, BF 272; works for peace, BF 281, 282, 288, 359; connected with treaty of 1783, JJ 197. HAWKSBUBT, CHARLSS XEHrKINSON, LOBD, English foreign secretary, GM 201, JMon 97. HAWLBT, JOSEPH, leader of Whigs in Western Massachusetts, SA 52, 83, 86, 92, 168, 173, 204, 251, 319, 320, JA 64; wishes independence, SA 311, PH 125; urges execution of Loyalists, JJ 63. INDEX OF NAMES 75 HAT, aSOBGli, prosecuting attorney in Burr trial, JMar 209, 211, 219, 226, TJ 252, 253; his political relations with Monroe, JMon 211, 223, 224, JR242. HATBrE, BOBBBT T., opposes tariff of 1824, MVB 99-102, 144, 148, DW 206; opposes Panama Congress, MVB 123, 127; his speech on nullification, AJ 257, MVB 188, HC i. 348, DW 168, 169, 171, THE 70; governor of South Carolina in nullification struggle, A J 331, 337, JCC 103; votes against confirmation of Van Buren as minister to England, MVB 230. HEiTBT, jomsr, his letters on Federalist intrigues bought by Madison, JMad 297-301, HC i. 82. HBNRT, PATBICK, his career in law, JMar 33, PH 25-58, 91, 92, 303, 357- 381; introduces and defends " Virginia Resolves," SA 44, 47, GW i. 119, PH 78-86; leader of radicals in Virgmia, BF 107, 111, SA 306, TJ 18, 19, PH 62-74, 88-90, 95-100, 176-208; member of continental Congress, GW i. 128, 130, JA 111, JJ 34, 49, PH 100-125, 166-175; his alleged speech at opening of Congress, SA 283, PH 120, 121; ready for independence, SA 306, GW i. 132, PH 134, 193; leads Virginia militia against Dunmore, JMar 12, PH 158- 160; his career as Governor of Virginia, TJ 51-54, AG 24, 29; PH 211-268, 288, 294-302; approached by Conway cabal, GW i. 222, 225; appealed to by Washington in favor of Constitution, GW ii. 38, PH 313; leads opposition to ratification of Constitution, SA 360, 76 INDEX OF NAMES HEWBT, PATBICK {continued), GW ii. 71, GM 111, JMar 64^70, 85, JMad 112, 114, JMon 28, JR 17, 18, MVB 5, PH 298-338; leads Virginia to demand a second Federal Convention, JMad 118, PH 341-350, 355; [350; dictates election of Anti-Federalist senators, JMad 119, PH causes gerrymandering of Madison's congressional district, JMad 120, 121, PH 351-354; in British debts ease, JJ 255, JMar 37, 38, PH 359-367; declines State Department, GW ii. 324, PH 402; supports Marshall for Congress, JMar 133, 134, PH 410, 411; appealed to by Washington to oppose disunion feeling in Virginia, GW ii. 266-268, 293, JR 28, PH 413, 414; denounces resistance to federal government, GM 282, JR 29-31, PH 415-421; declines French mission, JA 298, PH 412; his views on slavery, JR 278, HC i. 27, 28, 30, PH 388, 389; relations with his contemporaries, GW ii. 362, JMar 85, TJ 15, AG 24, 29; judgments upon, GW ii. 304, GM 314, JR36, 37, DW 181, 195. HEBTmvrTlB, mCHOIiAS, defeated at Oriskany, PH 240, GM 9. HEBiroOIT, WILLIAM H., see index to Lincoln. HTT.DBETH, EICHABD, quoted, JA 269, JMad 234, 235, 323, JMon 72, LC 64. HILL, ISAAC, member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 181, 203, 204, MVB 193, 237, HC i. 346; favors spoils system, A J 186; his nomination rejected by Senate, A J 191; elected to Senate, A J 192, 193; instigates attack on Bank, A J 272, 274, 279, HC i. 353; candidate for Governor of New Hampshire, AJ 441. INDEX OF NAMES 77 hiijIiAbd, asoBas s., anti-slavery Whig in Massachusetts, CFA 34, 142, CS 15, 29. HUiIiSBOBOirOH, WIIiIiS HILL, VISOOtJITT, colonial secretary, adopts aggressive policy, BF 151, 157- 163, SA 92; has controversy with Franklin, BF 152-157, 164; introduces into Parliament resolutions against Massachu- setts, SA 118; resigns, BF 163, SA 173. HOADLT, GEORGE, see index to Chase. HOAS, EBENtBZEB BOCKWOOD, leader of " Conscience Whigs," CS 44; attorney-general, CS 363; accused of packing Supreme Court, SFC 399; opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369; his nomination to Supreme Court rejected by Senate, SFC 400; his relations with Sumner, CS 430. HOAB, SAMUEL, as agent of Massachusetts expelled from South Carolina, DW 294, CFA 48, CS 40; Free-Soil leader, CS 74, 76. HOLMES, JOHISr, counsel in Dartmouth College case, JMar 189, DW 81, 89; opposes Panama Congress, MVB 131. HOLT, JOSEPH, secretary in Buchanan's Cabinet, AL i. 199, 200, 209, WHS 209. HOOKEB, JOSEPH, see index to Lincoln. HOPKUfSOW, JOSEPH, practices before Supreme Court, JMar 169, 188, 192; counsel in Chase impeachment, JR 146; with Webster in Dartmouth College case, JMar 188, DW 81, 82. 78 INDEX OF NAMES HOTTIIIQUEB, see index to Marshall. HOUSTOISr, SAMUEL, with Jackson's connivance frees Texas from Mexico, A J 416, MVB 358, HC ii. 90, 91, THB 159, 160; Governor of Texas at time of its annexation, HC ii. 239, 240; member of Senate, HC ii. 330, THB 290, 291; condemns Nashville Convention, JCC 323; votes to admit California, THB 300; votes for Compromise Measures, WHS 94; opposes Kansas-Nebraska BiU, WHS 118, SPC 138, OS 105; opposes secession in 1861, AL i. 187. HO"TO-AED, JACOB M., Republican leader in Michigan, LC 304, 305, CS 280. HO^WE, EICHAKD, EAKL, his friendly relations with Franklin, BF 202; attempts vainly to negotiate with Congress in 1776, BF 213- 216, GW i. 161, 167, J J 135; his naval career, GW i. 244, JJ 181, 269. HO-WE, SIB ■WILLIAM, his military career in War of Revolution, PH 236-243, GW i. 173-177, 186, 194-206, 218, 232, GM 41, JMar 18. HOYT, JESSE, see index to Van Buren. HULL, GENEBAL WILLIAM, his campaigrn in Canada, and surrender at Detroit, HC i. 86, LC 61-84. HULSEMAior, J. a., his controversies with Webster, HC ii. 392, DW 325, 326. HUWTEE, QEHEBAL DAVID, his career in Civil War, AL i. 349, 351, ii. 15, SPC 359, TS 216; attempts to free slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Coro- Una, AL ii. 7, SPC 262. HUWTEK, BOBEBT M. T., elected Speaker of House, JCC 295, MVB 376; INDEX OF NAMES 79 member of Senate, HC ii. 330, CS 92; on Confederate Peace Commission, AL ii. 305-307; his later career, MVB 376. HUAITlDTGTOir, SELUTA, COTTHTESS OP, her schemes for converting Indians, GW ii. 4, JJ 203. HUSE13SOIT, -WrLTiTAM, English liberal minister, AG 347, AJ 236. HXTTCHTN'SOIT, THOMAS, his career as royal ofGcial in Massachusetts, SA 31, 33, 38- 40, 46, 58, 85, 86, 92, 101; G<]yemoT of Massachusetts, SA 130-241; disputes with Assembly over Parliamentary taxation, BF 166, 167, SA 187-193; tries to bribe J. Adams, JA 32; urges severe measures against Boston, BF 177, SA 138; his removal petitioned for, BF 183, SA 205. QmSS, JAMES, leader at Virginia bar, JMar 33; favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64; in British debts case, PH 360, JMar 37. INGEBSOIiIi, OTTATCT.es JABED, member of Congress, DW 97; opposes Ashburton treaty, DW 260; accuses Webster of corruption, DW 260-262. nTQHAM, SAMOEIi D., secretary of treasury under Jackson, AJ 182, MVB 179, HC i. 330, JCC 65; overwhelmed by rush of ofGce-seekers, MVB 210; has controversy with Biddle over partisanship of Bank, AJ 271-278, HC i. 353, 354; says that Kitchen Cabinet first turned him against Bank, JA 278, HC i. 354; makes report on currency, AG 368, A J 389; quarrels with Eaton, AJ 211, LC 137; resigns from Cabinet after Jackson's breach with Calhonn, AJ 209, MVB 199, LC 137. 80 INDEX OF NAMES JKEDELL, JAMES, Judge of Supreme Court, GW ii. 73; tries British debts case, PH 364-366, JJ 255, JMar 37. iBAnira, WASHrNGTOw, quoted, JMar 234, AG 363, 364, 368; secretary of legation at London, his life there, MVB 224- 228; declines to hold federal office, MVB 361, 362. IVEBSON, AUKED, secessionist leader in 1861, AL i. 186, 187, 209, CS 181. IZABS, BAIiFH, see index to Franklin. JACKSON, AKDBEW, in Senate votes against complimentary address to Washing- ton, AG 129, AJ 14; deceived by Burr, MVB 18, AJ 22-26; his career in War of 1812, GM 304, JMon 126, 127, 237, HC i. 106, AJ 35^9; has fight with Benton, THB 26, AJ 36; wins battle of New Orleans, JQA 96, 97, MVB 63, AJ 44- 50; offered War Department by Monroe, JMon 136; suggests non-partisan appointments to Monroe, JMon 137, MVB 89, AJ 60-63; his invasion of Florida and subsequent actions, AG 336, 359, JMon 143-145, JQA 110, 111, 158-160, HC i. 151- 153, 160, JCC 87, AJ 64-79; controversy in Congress and Cabinet over his conduct, JMon 145, JQA 160-162, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JCC 88, 89, AJ 80-83; approves Florida treaty, JQA 125, HC i. 164; his career in Senate, MVB 94^119, 155, HC i. 226, AJ 95, 96; candidate for President in 1824, AG 358, JMon 157, JQA 149, 169, JK 281, HC i. 224, 226, 231, 232, JCC 59, 60, THB 54, AJ 96-117; INDEX OF NAMES 81 his managers, JR 285, MVB 118, 119, HC i. 232, AJ 97; belieyes himself cheated ont of election, JQA 171, 172, 174, HC i. 239-241, JCC 61, 62, TJ 125-127; spreads «< bargain" story, JQA 170, 184-187, HC i. 246- 259, 283-286, THB 55, AJ 118-123; becomes candidate for election in 1828, JQA 181, 195-197, 200, MVB 131, 162, HC i. 263-265, 277-280, 288, THB 63, WHS 6, AJ 129-149; political significance of his campaign, JQA 200-213, THB 10, 11, AJ 176; reaUy forms a new party, MVB 155, 156, HC i. 312, 313, 317, DW 135, AJ 296; votes against confirmation of Clay as secretary of state, MVB 123, HC i. 254, 255; announces purpose to reform government, HC i. 264, 334, 336, A J 134, 188; elected in 1828, JQA 212, HC i. 286, 289, JCC 64, LC 140; appoints Cabinet, MVB 179, HC i. 330, 331, 338, JCC 65, AJ 181-191; considers his party as an army, AG 359, MVB 238, HC i. 323, THB 115, 164, AJ 325, 326; introduces spoils system into federal government, JQA 198, MVB 54, 212-215, 364, HC i. 325-338, 368, ii. 61, DW 187, THB 72, AJ 188, SPC 10; rewards his friends, JQA 206, JR 300, HC i. 335; social vulgarity of his administration, AG 360, JQA 237, MVB 177, 178, 395; controlled by Kitchen Cabinet, MVB 193, 207, HC i. 345, 346, THB 164, 165, LC 141, AJ 181, 323, 324; tries to force Mrs. Eaton into society, MVB 181, 182, HC i. 338, 367, JCC 85, LC 134^136, AJ 183-197, 208, 211; his first message to Congress, HC i. 347; urges vigorous action against France, JQA 238, 239, MVB 216, 217, HC ii. 53-58, DW 224, 227, JCC 182, THB 131, LC 167, A J 217, 218, 403-408; has breach with Calhoun, MVB 185-187, JCC 89-91, LC 133, AJ 196-200, 203-206; 82 INDEX OF NAMES JACKSOIf, ANDBXiW (continued), gives Union toast at Je£Eer3onian banquet, MVB 188, 198, HC i. 348, THB 87-89, AJ 203; reconstructs Cabinet, MVB 199, 200, HC i. 348, LC 133- 138, AJ 209, 210; presents Van Buren as his successor, MVB 189, 190, 197, 238, 240, 256, HC i. 369, 380, ii. 96, JCC 118, THB 163, AJ 201, 312, 318; appoints Van Buren minister to England, MVB 224, 230, HC i. 366, 367, AJ 210, 211; his peaceful attitude toward England, MVB 219, 220; defies Supreme Court in Cherokee affair, MVB 203, HC i. 3-17, THB 100, 101, LC 161, AJ 225-227; attacks United States Bank, MVB 202, HC i. 353-357, 375-384, ii. 26^2, DW 220, THB 102-106, 124, LC 153, AJ 278-288, 297-299, 318, 339-354, 360, 363, 374, 397- 400; vetoes Bank reoharter, HC i. 376, 377, DW 204, THB 113, AJ 319, 320; attacked by Whigs, HC i. 377-380, ii. 8, 33, 38, 39, 43, 61, 103, 104, 137, DW 232, 274, THB 111, 114, TS 36; his theory of presidency, HC ii. 40-43, 106, 110, WHS 18, A J 227, 282, 325, 363; his popularity, HC i. 323, 324, 333, 381, ii. 47, 62, 68, DW 224, JCC 63, THB 65, 68, LC 157, 158, AL i. 38; opposed by Anti-Masons, MVB 167, HC i. 342, A J 292; reelected, MVB 247, HC i. 318, 383, THB 116, LC 146, AJ 200-203, 320, WHS 13; issues nullification proclamation, JQA 235, MVB 248, HC ii. 6, 7, 9, DW 207, THB 90, LC 148, CFA 20, AJ 328- 330; asks for authority to force payment of duties, DW 208, 209, THB 71, LC 146, 160, AJ 332; said to have threatened to hang Calhoun, HC ii. 13, DW 207, 208, JCC 103, 104, THB 93, LC 148-150, AJ 266, 338; signs compromise tariff and force bill, HC ii. 20, THB 96, LC 151; asserts slavery to be cause for nullification, CS 37, 187; INDEX OF NAMES 83 apparently wins, but really yields to South Carolina, JQA 326, HC ii. 22, JCC 104, THB 96; makes tour in North, MVB 255, LC 153, AJ 350; granted LL. D. by Harvard, JQA 241, 242, MVB 255, AJ 350; reconstructs Cabinet in order to crush Bank, HC ii. 27, AJ 346; unable to convince Daane, HC ii. 28, 29, A J 350-354; his "paper read to Cabinet," HC ii. 28, 29, AJ 354; appoints Taney secretary of treasury, AG 270, HC ii. 29, AJ364; orders removal of deposits, MVB 249-252, HC ii. 27-30, THB 116, LC 153, WHS 13; considers " distress petitions " fictitious, MVB 253, HC ii. 40, AJ 360, 371; quarrels with Senate and is censnred, HC ii. 32-44, DW 221, THB 117, 118, AJ 362-364; sends protest to Senate, HC ii. 40, 41, DW 222, 223, THB 119, AJ 364; his nominations rejected by Senate, HC ii. 44, THB 117, AJ362; reorganizes Supreme Court, THB 117, SPC 324, AJ 362, 421-427; condemns use of mails by abolitionists, MVB 276, HC ii. 84, JCC 133, 134, 148, WHS 58; his policy toward Texas, MVB 358, HC ii. 90, AJ 415- 420; has an understanding with Houston, HC ii. 90, A J 416; bullies Mexico after Texan insurrection, MVB 359, HC ii. 91, 94; rejoices in land speculation, MVB 290, 294, 303, HC ii. 104; issues specie circular, MVB 304, HC ii. 124, 125, 129, THB 122, 139, AJ 392-394; signs bill to distribute surplus and then repents, MVB 266, 301, HC ii. 70, 119, 121, THB 137, AJ 381, 382; in campaign of 1836, MVB 262, AJ 441; 84 INDEX OF NAMES JACESOU^, AlfDBSW (continued), rejoices over expunging resolutions, HC ii. 106, THB 119, 124, 126, A J 367; his departure from Washington, MVB 282, 283, A J 452; popular reaction against, after panic, HC ii. 139, 185, THB 166, A J 450, 451; in campaign of 1840, MVB 387; writes letter favoring annexation of Texas in 1843, MVB 404, HC ii. 239, JCC 224, THB 264, LC 213, AJ 458; supports Van Bnren for Democratic nomination in 1844, MVB 407, 408, HC ii. 248, THB 265, LC 213, AJ 459; indignant at Polk's dismissal of Blair, THB 282; his attitude toward the Constitution, MVB 249, JCC 181; views on public lands, HC i. 370, ii. 23, A J 233, 380, 381; views on internal improvements, MVB 98, 117, 201, 202, HC i. 347, A J 96, 234, 235; views on tariff, MVB 104, HC i. 313, 359, 360, ii. 2, JCC 82, 83, THB 87, 92, AJ 95, 96, 263, 332; relations with contemporaries, ACr 349, JMon 129, 136, 137, JQA 160-163, 175, 205, 206, 235, 238, 239, 244, JR 299, 301, MVB 94, 161, 190, 205, 206, 254, 454, 455, HC i. 237-239, 250, 329, 330, 348, 366, ii. 13, DW 140, 214, 215, JCC 84, 112, 181, THB 26, 29, 56, 78, 86, 164, LC 136, 155, 165, 166, 213; judgments upon, JMar 254, 255, TJ 132, 194, AG 270, 355, 359, JQA 237, 242, MVB 155, 166, 200, 463, HC i. 224, 225, 322-325, u. 33-36, 49-52, 106-110, 112, THB 30, 66, 67, 207, LC 134, 135, 138-141, 152, 163, 246, WHS 17, 18, SPC 9, CS 11. JACKaOIf, PEAITCIS J., British minister to United States, JMad 278, AG 295, HC i. 73; accuses Madison of bad faith, JMad 278; his recall demanded, JMad 278, JQA 146. JACKSON, QENBRAIi THOMAS JONATHAIf, see index to Lincoln. JACKSON, WILIiIAM, see index to Franklin. INDEX OF NAMES 85 JAY, JOHN, his ancestry, GM 9, JJ 1-6; leader of conservative Whigs, in New York, SA 280, GM 50, JJ 20-30; his legal career, GM 20, J J 16-19; in continental Congress, BP 208, SA 283, PH 108, 112, 6W i. 222, TJ 24, 31, J J 31-37, 40-48, 98-112; favors Galloway's plan of union, FH 115, JJ 35; in New York politics during Revolution, GM 60-70, JJ 39, 48-67, 81-96; his services in New York Constitutional Convention, GM 36, 52, 55, 58, JJ 68-81; his anti-slavery attitude, GM 58, JJ 245, 246; envoy to Spain, BF 307, JA 162, 208, GM 98, JMad 31,33, J J 113-128; his views on Western boundaries, GM 98, JJ 209, 210; unable to raise money, BF 307, 371, JJ 118, 120; helped by Franklin, BF 307, 322, 332-335, JJ 119, 120; peace commissioner, BF 349, JA 162, 205, GM 104, TJ 66, J J 127, 147, 148; sent for by Franklin, BF 370, 372, JJ 127, 153; insists on recogrnition of independence in Oswald's commis- sion, BF 373, JA 212, JJ 159-164; suspects Vergennes' motives, BF 373, 375, JJ 160, 167, 169-172; sends Yaughan to persuade Shelburne to grant a new com- mission, BF 375, JJ 172-178; wishes to negotiate without Vergennes, BF 378, JA 216, GM 104, 107, J J 179, 182, 183, 187; his share in negotiations, BF 380, 391, GM 107, JJ 180- 199; indignant at congressional reproof, BF 388, JA 221; commissioned to make commercial treaty, J A 224; secretary of foreign affairs, J J 205-220; proposes to Congress to surrender Mississippi navigation for a term of years in order to secure a treaty, FH 307, GM 115, JMad 79-82, JMon 27, JJ 208-211; 86 INDEX OF NAMES JAY, JOHN (continued), writes part of "FederaUst," AH 66, GM 144, TJ 86, 111, JJ 225-227; member of New York ratifying conTention, AH 70^ GM 144, AG 37, JJ 228-233; temporary secretary of state, TJ 88, J J 235; receives votes for vice-president, JA 311; Chief Justice, GW ii. 72, JA 316, TJ 179, 180, JJ 235-262; defeated for Governor of New York by a technicality, GM 284, JJ 240, 247-250; tries British debts case, PH 364, JMar 37, JJ 256; publishes card against Genet, GW ii. 159, J J 258; negotiates Jay treaty with England, GW ii. 177-182, AH 176, GM 262, JMar 97, JMad 211, AG 117, JMon 34, 41, 46, 60, JJ 265-281; hampered by Monroe, GW ii. 213, JMad 220, JMon 62-64; popular outcry against, GW ii. 186, 187, AH 187, GM 284, 285, JMar 97, JMad 212, AG 103, 119, JMon 62-«4, JJ 281-283; elected Governor of New York, GM 284, 285, MVB 39, 41, J J 284-302; refuses to follow Hamilton's suggestions in campaign of 1800, AH 224, GM 286, J J 296; has controversy with Republican council over appointments, MVB 49, J J 297, 298; relations with contemporaries, BF 346, 390, 399, PH 364, 365, GW ii. 54, JA 262, AH 257, GM 67, 95, 96, 291; judgments on, BF 208, 220, PH 188, GW ii. 177, JA 177, GM 66, TJ 151, SPG 323. JEPFEBSOW, THOMAS, his legal career, PH 29-31, 93, 94, JMon 13, HC i. 7, TJ 6, 9, 10; radical Whig leader in Virginia, PH 95, 151, 162, TJ 16- 22, 202; advocates independence, SA 300, 310, JJ 42, TJ 26, 27; in continental Congress, SA 307, PH 168, 170, 173, JA 126, JMon 23, TJ 23-36, 67-69; INDEX OF NAMES 87 writes Declaration of Independence, BF 212, SA 313, JA 123-125, TJ 29-31, 35; in Virginia legislature, JMad 65, HC i. 7, TJ 36-49; accuses Henry of planning a dictatorship, PH 224r-229, 285; Governor of Virginia, PH 228, 268-276, JMon 12, TJ 51- 63; his flight from Tarleton, PH 285, GW i. 307, JR 5, TJ 59- 61; declines mission to France, BF 232, TJ 66; appointed Peace Commissioner, BF 319, JA 206, JJ 127, 147, TJ 67; minister to France, BF 398, JA 230, GM 152, TJ 70-87, AH 153; approves of Shays's rebellion, JMad 75, TJ 81, 82; favors adoption of Constitution but wishes a bill of rights, SA 338, PH 319, 330, GW ii. 72, AH 123, 124, JMad 106, TJ 84r^8; adopts French political phraseology, GW ii. 27, GM 114, AG 102, LC 43, 44, TJ 80; secretary of state, GW ii. 68, TJ 87-146; favors French Revolution, JMad 193, 194, TJ 77-79, 130, 131, 137; makes bargain with Hamilton about site of capital and assumption of State debt, GW ii. 108, AH 125, 126, JMad 143, 152, TJ 90, 92; criticises monarchical leanings of Washington's administra- tion, GW ii. 56, 79, JMon 32, JR 65, TJ 101-103, 111, 112, 114, 115; makes report on weights and measures, GW ii. 81 ; opposes charter of Bank, GW ii. 110, AH 130, JMad 163, AG 233, 251, 280, TJ 107; opposes protection, AH 130; attacks Adams, GW ii. 226, AH 140, 141, JQA 18, TJ 114, 118; causes attacks on Hamilton, GWii. 228, 229, TJ 109, 110; his relations with Freneau, GW ii. 227, 228, AH 141, JMad 168-171, 175, 205, TJ 119-121, 166; 88 INDEX OF NAMES JUFFEBBON', THOMAS (continued), begins a new party, PH 397, GW ii. 255, AH 137-140, JMar 93, JR 68, MVB 56, 465, HC i. 321, TJ 98, 129, 143; has open breach with Hamilton, GW ii. 224, 229-234, AH 143-150, JMad 186-193, AG 99, MVB 406, TJ 98, 10^ 113, 121, 128; in election of 1792, favors reelection of Washington, GW ii. 235; his foreign poUcy, AH 159, JMad 197, AG 139, TJ 139, 142, 148-151, 161, 167; opposes neutrality proclamation, GW ii. 146, 170, 171, AH 159, 164, 166, JJ 260, J Mad 196, 196, TJ 133-135; his relations with Genet, GW ii. 153-158, AH 167-171, JMar 94, 95, JMad 200-203, 209, TJ 135, 138-142; his letter to Mazzei published, PH 407, TJ 162, 163; disapproves suppression of whiskey insurrection, AH 180, AG 64, TJ 151; resigns from Cabinet, GW ii. 235, AH 173, GM 264, AG 97, 99, TJ 145, 146; urges Madison to answer " Camillus " letters, GW ii. 206, AH 188, JMad 198, TJ 151; elected vice-president, GW ii. 276, JA 256, AH 194, TJ 153, 156; suggested for Peace Commissioner, AH 200, TJ 159; attempts to win over Adams, JA 263, 264, 273, TJ 158, 159; suggests Logan's mission to France, GW ii. 262, 266; his comments on XYZ affair, AH 202, JMar 126, 127, TJ 169; denounces Alien and Sedition laws, AG 152, HC i. 32, TJ 172; writes Kentucky Resolutions, PH 408, AH 222, GM 281, JMad 234-236, JR 27, 34, AJ 252, 255, THE 85, LC 144, TJ 172, 173; Federalist opinion of, GW ii. 294, AH 220, GM 288, 291, JMad 166-168, 176, 177, 244, 247, AG 104, MVB 9, 10; keeps control over Republican party, JA 280, GM 280, JMad 246, AG 128, 139, JR 55, 68, 215, 216, LC 246, TJ 176, 235-237, 268; INDEX OF NAMES 89 defeats Adams in election of 1800, JA 316, GM 286, AGr 163, TJ 174-180; elected by House over Burr, AH 233, AG 164, 167, JR 48, 50, 53, AJ 134, TJ 181-183; significance of his election, JMai 161, JR 60, 62; denounces midnight appointments, JMar 156-158, JR 62; his inauguration, JMad 242, 243, JQA 26, TJ 187-189; his Cabinet, JMad 241, AG 178-180, 283, 284, JR 51, 82; aims to replace one half of Federalist officials by Republi- cans, JMar 455, 160, 180, AG 281, 282, JQA 28, MVB 48, HC i. 334, TJ 186, 194-200, 202; Croswell's libel against, AH 236; urges extinction of debt, AG 203, 244, TJ 288; recommends a national university, AG 291; dreads influence of Federalist judiciary, JR 60-62, 81, 95, TJ 230, 234, 293; his political methods, JMad 245, AG 188, 286, JR 96, 97; plans acquisition of New Orleans, JMon 76, 79, JR 75, 82, TJ 209-216; assumes responsibility for annexation of Lonisiana, JMad 246, 249, AG 195, JMon 80, 90, JQA 130, JR 84, TJ 219; admits unconstitutionality of Louisiana purchase, JMad 248, AG 286, JR 87-90, TJ 222-229; his powers as Governor of Louisiana, JR 92, 93, TJ 222; anticipates Monroe Doctrine, JMon 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, TJ209; claims West Florida, JR 85, 86, 162, TJ 246, 259, 260, 287; his first term successful, JMad 252, HC i. 41, TJ 189-191, 235; reelected in 1804, AG 197, 198, 223, JQA 198, TJ 239-242; loses support of Randolph on two million scheme, JR 163- 182; relies for support on Northern Democrats, JR 188; influenced by the Smiths, AG 164, JR 189; his foreign policy, JMad 264, 260, AG 291, 292, JR 75, 78, A J 31, MVB 39, HC i. 68, LC 54, TJ 243-245, 265, 256; his gunboat policy for defence, JMad 257, 258, AG 288, 289, TJ 259, 260; 90 INDEX OF NAMES JSFFEBSOir, THOMAS (cofUinued), advocates internal improvements, AG- 226, 290, HC i. 45, TJ 261, 262, 294; suggests distribution of surplus revenue, HC ii. 119; his instructions to Monroe and Pinckney, JMad 261, JK 190, JMon 96; declines to accept Monroe's treaty, JMad 263, JMon 101, JR 210, 211, HC i. 71, TJ 262, 263; approves non-importation as a political vreapon, JQA 40, TJ 149, 257, 262, 263; takes action after Leopard affair, JMad 265, JK 220, TJ 264, 265; recommends embargo, JMad 267, 268, JQA 54, JR 224, HC i. 71, DW 43, TJ 266-274; dictates choice of his successor, JMad 272, JMon 105, JR 177, TJ 282; loses control of party with failure of embargo, JMad 270, 271, A J 33, MVB 282, HC i. 72, 73, TJ 277-282; retires, as sage of Monticello, MVB 12, 13, HC i. 127, 128, TJ 295-297; [302; connected with University of Virginia, JMon 231, TJ 301, becomes reconciled with Adams, JA 325; alarmed at Missouri struggle, HC i. 193, TJ 293; laments decadence of Republican principles, AG 358, JR 252, MVB 154; supports Crawford for President in 1824, AG 356; his death, JA 326, TJ 306, 307; his views on coinage, GM 93, 94, AG 172; on the navy, GM 254, AG 220, JR 73, TJ 106, 237; on paper money, education, Indian policy, AG 264, 369, 374; his political principles, GM 119, JMar 174, AG 168, 169, 227, 264, 291, 356, JR 32, 36, 124, 188, 252, HC i. 127, TJ 80, 100, 116, 205, 273, 274; relations with contemporaries, BF 399, SA 323, 328, 370, PH 8-13, 22, 23, 26-33, 64, 84, 94, 123, 168-170, 224-233, 251, 273-275, 285-287, 383, 404, 406, GW ii. 56, 68, 224, 252, 306, 307, JA 126, 258, 269, AH 273, 279, GM 279, INDEX OF NAMES 91 JJ 36, JMar 132, 154, 229, 230, 237, JMad 44, 68-71, 164, 174, 206, 246, AG 133, 158, 203, 298, 300, 331, JMon 15- 18, 77, 129, 173, 240, 247, JQA 65, JK 49, 51, 53, 70, 83, 109, 163, 193, AJ 16, 18, 91, 114, MVB 2, 3, 12, 460, DW 147, JCC 23, THE 244, LC 51, 202; judgments upon, GW ii. 27, 28, 69, 157, 251, AH 171, 279, 280, GM 45, 114, 288, 291, JMar 152, 153, JMad 226, 227, AG 188, JQA 48, 54, JR 58, 66, 156, AJ 32, 33, MVB 6- 10, 464, 465, HC i. 72, THB 66. JOHNSOBT, ABTDKE-W, member of Congress, HC ii. 290, AL i. 74, TS 70; member of Senate, AL i. 297, CS 200; suggested as emissary to England, SPC 215; military governor of Tennessee, AL ii. 219, 296, CS 227; nominated for vice-president, AL ii. 263, 264, CS 272; his accession to presidency welcomed by radicals, AL ii. 349, WHS 374, CS 291, TS 244; his stern view of treason, AL ii. 229, WHS 374, CS 293; repudiates Sherman's terms to Johnson, AL ii. 239; follows Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, WHS 374, 375, 379, 381, 382, CS 293, 300, TS 241; Southern pressure upon, CS 296, TS 241, 242; issues amnesty proclamation, WHS 376, SPC 334, CS 293; TS 246, 247; appoints provisional governors, WHS 377, 378; not interested in fate of freedmen, SPC 336; nominates Stanberry for Supreme Court, SPC 342; his first annual message, WHS 383, 384, CS 304, 305; vetoes Freedman's Bureau Bill, WHS 385, SPC 337, CS 309, TS 270; supported by Seward, WHS 388, 389; vetoes other bills in vain, WHS 386, CS 315, 316, 325, 344, TS 271; denounces Congress, SPC 338, CS 314, TS 261-265; disapproves of fourteenth amendment, WHS 386; tied down by Congress, CS 337; announces cessation of war, SPC 341; 92 INDEX OF NAMES JOHITSON, ANDREW (continued), pardons Garland, SPC 347 ; makes speeches "swinging round the circle," WHS 386, CS 321, 322, TS 280-284; uses patronage against Repablicans, CS 322, 329, TS 327; denounced in Congress, CS 323, TS 261-263, 267-270, 334; vetoes Reconstruction Act, WHS 387, SPC 348, TS 291; defendant in case of Mississippi vs. Johnson, SPC 349; anxious to secure trial of Davis, SPC 352; attempts to remove Stanton in defiance of Tenure of OfiBce Act, SPC 358, CS 346, TS 328-332; escapes conviction in impeachment trial, SPC 368-361, CS 347-351, TS 323-327, 333-345 ; [355 ; vetoes act diminishing jurisdiction of Supreme Court, SPC issues general amnesty, SPC 353; appoints Keverdy Johnson minister to England, CS 357; wishes to enforce use of legal tender, SPC 391. JOHNSOIT, HEKSCHEIi V., candidate for vice-president in 1860, LC 338, AL i. 164, WHS 193; opposes secession in Georgia, AL i. 187. JOHWSOIT, KEVBKDY, takes part in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187; member of Democratic minority in Senate during recon- struction, CS 263, 331; negotiates treaty with England concerning Alabama claims, WHS 392, CFA 380, CS 357, 360, 364. JOHNSOIT, BICHABD M., reputed slayer of Teoumseh, LC 87; Democratic leader in Kentucky, HC i. 211, 212, 350; in congressional caucus of 1820, moves not to nominate for presidency, A J 92; member of Senate, AJ 166, MVB 100; opposes Florida treaty, JQA 124; favors Panama Congress, MVB 131; leads agitation for abolition of imprisonment for debt, MVB 27, 142; INDEX OF NAMES 93 tries to reconcile Adams and Jackson, JQA 240; acts as go-between in Eaton episode, AJ 194, LC 135; signs report against Bank out of good nature, A J 302; candidate for Democratic nomination, MYB 239, LC 201- 206, 218; elected vice-president, AJ 442-449, MVB 259, 260, 281. JOHNSON, THOMAS, member of Continental Congress, FH 117, JJ 44, JQA 22, CFAl; nominates Washington for commander-in-chief, JA 96; member of Supreme Court, CFA 2. JOHNSON, ■WILIiIAM:, member of Supreme Court, A J 423; efforts of Webster to vin him over in Dartmouth College case, DW 84, 90, 91. JOHNSTON, GENBKAL JOSEPH E., see index to Lincoln. JOHNSTONE, QOVEBNOB QEOBOE, member of English peace commission, FH 255, GW i. 233. JONES, JOHN PAIXIi, his career, BF 300, 301; his relations with various statesmen, BF 301, 6M 169, 170, JJ 317. JONES, JOSEPH, see index to Monroe. JOITES, SAMDEIi, in New York politics, GM 284, JJ 18, 315, MVB 30. JONES, XPTT. T.TATVr secretary of navy, AG 312, JMon 126; acting secretary of treasury, AJ 360. JULIAN, GEORGE VT., Free-Soil candidate for vice-president, LC 290, CS 96; member of Congress, AL i. 297, ii. 104, 105, 246; KBITT, LA-WKENOB M., member of Congress, AL i. 297; connected with Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 147-160; his fight with Grow, AL i. 297. 94 INDEX OF NAMES KENDAXiIi, AMOB, supports Clay, then Adams in 1824, AJ 120; quarrels with Clay, AJ 183, HC i. 17; a member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 181, MYB 193, HC L 346; his attitude toward the spoils system, AJ 188, MVB 208, 209, 211, 261, 262; appointed fourth auditor, A J 191, 192; brings Blair to Washington to edit " Globe," A J 286, 287, MVB 191, 194; an enemy of the Bank, AJ 278-280, 346, 347; opposes nullification, A J 203; persuades Van Bnren of wisdom of removing deposits, AJ 341, 347, MVB 250; fails to move Duane, A J 350; manages nomination of Vau Buren, AJ 317, 318, MVB 237; arranges " pet banks," AJ 351, 356, 358, MVB 250; postmaster-general, AJ 409, MVB 194, LC 137; denounces sending abolition matter through mails, AJ 411, 412, MVB 275, 276, HC ii. 83, CS 39. EEKTT, OHAIVCEUiOK JAMSS, his appointment to Supreme Court refused on party grounds, JMon 138; career in New York politics, AG 366, MVB 26, 30; connected with Dartmouth College case, DW 90, 91; an Anti-Mason, MVB 246; in New York Constitutional Convention, MVB 77, 84; upholds English right to search for slaves, CS 30; judgments on, MVB 19, 44, 246, CS 30. KBTSS, GENHBAX. EBASMUS D., see index to Lincoln. Kara, pbestow, a Barnburner, MVB 425, HC ii. 304, 311, TS 69; in Congress, SPC 114, TS 69; candidate for Republican nomination, 1856, SPC 160. INDEX OF NAMES 95 SING, EUFTTS, bis connection with Northwest Ordinance, JMon 25, 26; Federalist leader in New York, GM 283, JJ 248, 250, MVB 39; in New York Constitutional Convention, MVB 77, 82; exposes Genet, GW ii. 159, J J 258; minister to England, AH 212, JMar 150, 151; candidate for vice-president, TJ 241; Senator from New York, AH 81, GM 219, MVB 68-72, 117; supports War of 1812, GM 307; candidate for President, 1816, JMon 128, HC i. 140; opposes admission of Missouri as slave State, JMon 147, MVB 73, 74; minister to England under J. Q. Adams, AG 342, JQA 177, 178, HO i. 259, 298; opposes slave trade in Florida, MVB 93; opposes tariff, MVB 99, 100. KTNa, WTLIiIAM B., opposes repeal of four years' term in civil service, HC ii. 69; in Senate, HC ii. 330; candidate for vice-president in 1852, LC 288. KTRTTriATTD, BSV. SAMlTEil., negotiates with Six Nations, PH 174, GW ii. 101. Kirox, HENB.T, present at Boston Massacre, SA 147; his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 152, 283, 285, 295; secretary of war, GW ii. 7, 30, 39, 65, 71, TJ 88, AG 97; wishes sharp measures against Genet, GW ii. 154, 155, TJ 134, JMad 201, AH 166; has dispute vrith Hamilton over rank in provisional army, GW ii. 286, 289, JA 284, 285, AH 203, 204; judgment on, GW ii. 65. KOSSUTH, LOUIS, his career in Hungary, HC ii. 392; his journey in America, HC ii. 393-396, DW 326, THB 243, WHS 106-108, CS 90. 96 INDEX OF NAMES EBEMEB, QEOBGE, citculates story of bargain between Clay and Adams, JQA 171, 180, A J 120, 121, HC i. 243, 257; refuses to testify before House Committee, JQA 181, AJ 121, HC i. 244, 245; not the real author, A J 121, HC i. 246; ready to apologize, JQA 187, HC i. 244; opens Democratic couTcntion of 1835, MVB 258. LAFAYETTE, MAJBIE JEAIT PAUI. MOTTEB, IOlB- Qxns DE, his motives in aiding colonists, AH 50, GM 74; recommended to Washington by Franklin, BF 276; his opinion of continental troops, GW i. 196, 293; career in Revolutionary War, GW 222, 225, 233, 235, 245, 253, 254, 256, 307, 308, 312, AG 288, 289, 371, JMon 10; desires conquest of Canada, GW i. 254, 256; connected with Andre's trial, GW i. 286, 287; returns to Europe, BP 298; secures sending of French army to America, GW i. 264, 274, 280, 283; helps Franklin to raise money, BF 333; career in the French Revolution, GM 156, 159, 193, 194, 208-211, 221, 226, 237, TJ 78; attempts of American statesmen to aid when imprisoned, GW ii. 365, GM 238, 273-276, AG 102, JMon 59, 152, 153; in 1813 tries to induce the Czar to mediate between Eng- land and United States, AG 315; visits the United States, AG 364, 365, JMon 153-155, 206, 251, HC i. 234, WHS 6, 17; career in Revolution of 1830, AG 370, 371; his friendships with various American statesmen, GW i. 192, 249, ii. 334, 365, 366, AH 25, 295, GM 153, 154, 193, 194, 208, 209, 210, 211, 226, JJ 191, 208, 209, 213, 214, 304, TJ 77, 78, JMon 157, 232, HC i. 235; judgments upon, AH 50, GM 74, 163, 156, 192, 237, 238, AG 9. INDEX OF NAMES 97 IiAPATBTTB, MADAME DB, aided by American statesmen, GW ii. 366, GM 238, 239, JMon 59, 153. IiAMB, JOHN', Whig leader in New York, PH 342, JJ 25, 28, 29. IiAMOlT, -W.&SD H., accompanies Lincoln to Washington, AL i. 213, 214; visits Charleston in 1861, WHS 247; removed from marshalship by Chase, SFC 322. IiAira!, JOSEPH, candidate for vice-presidency, LC 339, AL i. 164, WHS 193. IiAITGDOIf, JOHW, in continental Congress, FH 175; comment of Randolph on, JR 112. LAlTSrCirO, JOHN-, opponent in New York of federal Constitution, AH 56, 70, JJ 225. IiAUBEira, HENIIY, connected with Conway cabal, GW i. 222; appointed peace commissioner, £F 349, G W i. 299, JJ 127, 149, TJ 66; captured, BP 324, JJ 118; president of Congress, J J 98, 99; relations with Franklin, BF 264, 399. LAUBElSrS, JOHW, financial dealings during Revolution, BF 328, 329, AH 33. IiA-ViTEBNCE, ABBOTT, denounces Van Buren for causing panic of 1837, MYB 320, 321. leading " Cotton Whig " in Massachusetts, CFA 74-60. IiAWBENCE, AVUiIiIAM BEACH, quoted, JJ 170, AG 22, JMon 78; relations with statesmen, AG 344, 346, 384, CS 346. I.EAB, TOBIAS, quoted, PH 353, GW ii. 263, 299-305, 386; relations with Jefferson, TJ 165. 98 INDEX OF NAMES IiECKY, W. E. H., quoted, SA 76, 77, GM 102, 103, TS 303. IJBE, ABTUUU, agent for Massachusetts in England, BE 141, SA 171; influences Beaumarchais to aid colonies, BF 226 ; commissioner at French court, BF 232, 274-278, 290, JA 146, JJ 134; at Madrid, BF 298, 317, JA 150, JJ 114; slanders Deane, Franklin, and others, BF 141, 194, 238-240, 265, 266, 291-293, 297, JJ 96; quarrels with Franklin, BF 275, 290, 299, JA 147, 148; his evil influence, BF 291, 299; his character, BF 220, 291, 317, JJ 113. IiEE, OSKBBAX. CHASIJBS, predicts war and independence of colonies, FH 130, 131, 193-196; appointed second in command to Washington, SA 305, PH 154, 172, GW i. 136, 140; captured by British, GW i. 175; member of Conway cabal, PH 244; his misconduct at Monmouth, SA 341, GW i. 234-237; his political principles, PH 215. his ancestry, GW i. 96, ii. 362; in Virginia convention of 1776, PH 190, 200, 212; in War of Revolution, GW i. 269, JMar 22; favors ratification of federal constitution, PH 320, JMar 64; Governor of Virginia, PH 398; commands troops against whiskey insurrection, AW ii. 127, AG 88-90; reconciles Henry and Washington, PH 398-403; in Congress, JMar 136-140. IiEE, BICHJLBD HENBT, radical Whig leader in Virginia, PH 66, 95, 151, 152, 190, 202, 252, 253, 275, JMon 56; a leader in desiring independence, SA 306; INDEX OF NAMES 99 offers resolation to declare independence, SA 312, JA 119, 122, TJ 28; his career in continental Congress, SA 328, FH 99, 101, 112, 117, 118, 173, JMar 2, JMon 25; nnfriendly to Washington, PH 243, 253, GW i. 214, TJ 30,31; his career in Virginia legislature, PH 295, 296; opposes ratification of federal constitution, SA 360, FH 306, 319, 320, JMad 112; elected to United States Senate, PH 350, 353, JMar 88, JMad 124, JMon 33; returns to support of Washington, PH 398. IiEE, BOBEBT S., see index to Lincoln; judgments on, GM 45, 283, 313, THB 34. IiSQABfi, HXrOH S., secretary of state under Tyler, JCC 224, LC 211. IiSIOH, BEIfJAMIIT WATEOrS, his career at Virginia bar, JMar 169, 277; in Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 240; Virginian envoy to South Carolina in 1833, LC 150; refuses to obey state legislature by voting for expunging resolutions, A J 366; declines nomination for vice-president, HC ii. 181. IiEONABD, DABXEL, leading Tory writer in Massachusetts, SA 183, 187, 250, PH 82, 83, JA 81. JUETCBJSSR, BOBBBT F., in 1825 urges Adams to give Clay an office, AJ 124, HC i. 247; moves compromise tariff, HC ii. 19; derides Polk's nomination, MVB 412. IiXiWIS, SIB GEOBGE COBITEWAIiZi, see index to C. F. Adams. IiE'WIS, MOBQAir, Jeffersonian leader in New York, AH 80, 81, 236, 237, MVB 42; 100 INDEX OF NAMES elected Governor, AH 243, MVB 44; turns against Clinton, MVB 44, 46. LE-WIS, \yTTiT.TAM B., his career as manager for Jackson, AJ 52, 60-62, 95, 98, MVB 207; originates political wire-pulling, A J 96-98, 455; manages campaign of 1828, AJ 99, 106, 118, 121, 135, 147, 148, HC i. 225; in Kitchen Cabinet, A J 181, MVB 193, HC i. 346; accepts ofGice reluctantly, A J 183; his attitude toward spoils system, A J 188, 207, 446; his share in Eaton affair, AJ 195; brings about rupture between Calhoun and Jackson, AJ 197-200, 211, MVB 186; arranges Jackson's second term and Van Buren's succession, AJ 200-206, 317, 323, MVB 189, 237; opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346-349, HC ii. 27, LC 151; turned out of ofBce by Polk, AJ 454^-456. LIAlfCOUIlT, PIlAISr90I3 A. P., DtJO DE, in America, GW ii. 253, JMar 47, 48. LUTOOIiIT, ABHAHAM, see special index in volumes on Abraham Lincoln; member of Congress, HC ii. 289, AL i. 75-80; his joint debates with Douglas, SPC 143, 174, 180, CFA 107, CS 169, AL i. 114r-160; condemns Dred Scott decision, WHS 172, AL i. 127-129, 141-143; nominated for President, WHS 194, 195, 201, SPC 180- 188, 193-195, CFA 114, TS 112, AL i. 162-172; his position at the time on slavery, MVB 272, 416, THB 260, LC 234; elected, MVB 445, LC 339, SPC 196, CS 176, 177, TS 112, 113, AL i. 178, 179; opposes compromises in winter of 1861, CS 193, AL i. 202, 210; INDEX OF NAMES 101 his inaugural address, SPC 207, CS 194, AL i. 220, 221; selects a comprehensive Cabinet, WHS 213-215, 226-230, SPC 197-206, CFA 143-145, CS 136, AL i. 234^238; his connection with spoUs system, MVB 3, 215, WHS 267, SPC 217, 219, 304, 305, 315-317, CFA 126, CS 195, AL ii. 341; supported by war Democrats, MVB 447; hesitates with regard to Fort Sumter, WHS 232-235, 246, SPC 208, 209, AL i. 244^-250; decides to relieve it, WHS 236, AL i. 248-250; not recognized at first as leader by members of Cabinet, SPC 207, 293, 294, CFA 181, AL i. 232, 233, 273, 274; rejects Seward's proposal for vigorous foreign policy, WHS 254r-262, SPC 210, CFA 191, AL i. 278-280; modifies Seward's instructions to Adams, WHS 279, CFA 179, AL i. 373-375; calls for volunteers, SPC 211, CFA 149, TS 139, 140, AL i. 252, 253; proclaims blockade of South, CFA 178, TS 185, AL i. 283 ; suspends writ of habeas corpus, WHS 293-295, TS 194, 195, AL i. 287; defies Taney in Merryman case, SPC 327, AL i. 288; proclaims union to be object of war, WHS 335, 336, AL i. 227, 228; takes cautious attitude in Trent affair, WHS 306-310, CFA 233, CS 209-212, 216, AL i. 382-387; supports McClellan, SPC 294, 295, AL ii. 66-68; does not interfere with Treasury Department, SPC 225-228, 237, 259, 278, 287, AL i. 170, 171; annuls Fremont's emancipation order, SPC 256, CS 198, AL ii.7; annuls Hunter's emancipation proclamation, SPC 262, AL ii.7; submits emancipation to Cabinet, WHS 336, SPC 264r-270, AL ii. 113-116; issues Emancipation Proclamation, CFA 291, CS 229, 230, TS 217-222, AL ii. 116, 131; 102 INDEX OF NAMES IilirCOIiIf, ABRAHAM (continued), denounced by English, CFA 292-304; suggests recognition of Hayti and Liberia, CS 221, AL ii. 10; reconstitutes Supreme Court, SPC 324, 325; opposition to, in Congress, TS 144, 192, AL ii. 234, 235; urged by Republicans to dismiss Seward, WHS 332, 333, SPC302-304, ALii. 176; manages to retain Seward and Chase in Cabinet, WHS 333, AL ii. 177; secures reconstruction in various States, SPC 330, 332, CS 227, 282, ALii. 217-222; urges compensated emancipation, SPC 260, 261, CS 204, 205, 207, 237, TS 216, 222, AL ii. 10, 11, 19-29, 126- 129; unpopular with politicians, SPC 310, 311, AL ii. 104^106; issues amnesty proclamation, WHS 366, 367, SPC 330, 331, CS 283, TS 232, AL ii. 222-227; vetoes Reconstruction Act, WHS 369, 370, SPC 332, CS 284, TS 237, AL ii. 233; his position regarding reconstruction, WHS 370-373, SPC 329, CS 255, 256, TS 231, 239-241, AL ii. 216; indifferent to negro suffrage, SPC 273, AL ii. 230; opposition to his renomination, SPC 312, CS 271, AL ii. 245- 252; renominated and reelected, SPC 314, TS 226, AL ii. 260- 264, 291-295; signs resolution excluding reconstructed States from elec- tion, WHS 370, TS 239, AL ii. 296, 297; appoints Chase Chief Justice, SPC 319, 321, CS 278, AL ii. 298, 299; assassinated, SPC 333, CS 290, AL ii. 341-347; relations with contemporaries, WHS 227, 261-262, 332, SPC 211, 290-294, 297-299, 303, 306, 307, 312, 315-318, 431, CFA 146, 183, CS 199, 236, 288, 289, AL i. 275- 280, ii. 250, 251; judgments on, GW i. 349, ii. 308-313, GM 44, 115, 119, 120, HC i. 321, JCC 351, THB 111, 141, SPC 310, 430, INDEX OF NAMES 103 CFA 182, 183, CS 272-274, 292, 432, TS 242, 243, 308, 321, AL ii. 3S4r-357. iiiKCOiiiir, BEiirJAMiir, career in War of Kevolution, GW i. 210, 223, 274, JMad 19; suppresses Shays's lebellion, SA 352, JMad 73; treats with Creeks, GW ii. 90; declines senatorship, DW 139. IiIBrCOLW, LEVI, said to have stopped midnight appointments, JMar 154, 155, TJ 186; attorney-general, AG 285, JR 103; thinks annexation by purchase unconstitutional, AG 285; ananges compromise in Yazoo afEair, JR 103; defends Adams against proposed censure, JQA 276. LUTDSAT, -STrLLIAM S., see index to C. F. Adams. IiTVEBPOOL, KOBBRT B. JBIIKIWSOW, BAEL OP, not connected with Henry letters, JMad 300; his policy during peace negotiations at Ghent, AG 319, 321, 322, JQA 93, HC i. 108, 118. UMTSaSION, BBOCKHOLST, accompanies Jay to Spain, J J 115, 122; member of Supreme Court, MVB 41, DW 84, 90, 91. IiIVINGSTOlT, EDAWAHD, practices before Supreme Court, J J 237; leader of Bepublicans in Congress, AG 100, JR 40, MYB 41; attacks Jay treaty, GW ii. 207, AG 109, 110; refuses to vote for complimentary resolution to Washing- ton, AG 129, AJ 14; attacks Alien and Sedition acts, AG 157; ofEers resolutions of censure on Adams, JMar 140; mayor of New York, MVB 49; at New Orleans in 1819, A J 44; supports Jackson for President, AJ 99, 118, 135, MVB 156; 104 INDEX OF NAMES secretary of state, AJ 212, MVB 194, 199, HC i. 348, LC 137; writes nullification proclamation, AJ 328, MVB 248, 249, THB 90, LC 148; minister to France, JQA 238, AJ 403-407, HC ii. 27, 64, 65, LC 167. LIVrNQSTOW, PHIIilP, in continental Congress, PH 108, 172, 173, JA 66, JJ 29, 30, 47. LIVIirQSTOir, KOBEBT B., his influence in New York, MVB 41; on committee to organize New York government, GM 68, 65, JJ 49, 58, 60; on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, SA 313, JA 123, GM 52, TJ 29; secretary of foreign affairs, BF 323, 334, 336, JJ 141, 169, 172, 184, 191; condemns Peace Commissioners for concluding treaty with- out France, BF 388, J A 221; plans land bank for New York, AH 47; chancellor of New York, GW ii. 46, JJ 79, MVB 41; administers oath at Washington's inauguration, GW ii. 46; favors ratification of Constitution, AH 70; quarrels with Hamilton and joins Kepublicans, GM 284, JJ 246, JMar 126, JMad 175, MVB 42; beaten by Jay for Governor, JJ 292, MVB 41 ; minister to France, TJ 211, JMon 79, 80; his connection with Louisiana purchase, TJ 216-218, AG 193, JMon 81-93, JR 85. iiivmasTOiir, William:, in continental Congress, AH 108, JJ 31, 41, 44. LLOYD, JAMBS, in United States Senate, JQA 57, JR 217, 232. LOGAN, QEOBaE, goes on volunteer mission to France, GW ii. 262-265; member of Congress, JR 186. LOBTO, jam:e]s, proclaims independence of Texas, AJ 413, HC ii. 88. INDEX OF NAMES 105 IiOM-QFEIiI.OW, HEMTBY V^., see index to Sumner. IiOiraSTBBET, GEIirSBAIi JAUEBS, see index to Lincoln. IiOtTAHiLEB, LOUIS, see index to Jackson. LOUDOUN, JOHBT CAMPBELL, EAEL OF, his inefficiency as military head of colonies, BE 64, 65, GW i. 91. LOUIS XVI., dislikes American Revolution, J J 132; reluctant to commit Erance to aiding colonies, BE 226, 228, JJ 134; his relations with Eranklin, BE 283, 401; his career during French Kevolution, GM 217, 221, 226, 228, 249, AG 66; aided by Morris, GM 217, 221, 225; opinions on, GM 187, 188, 194, 223, 227. LOUIS xvm., opinions on, GM 267, AG 331, 332. LOUIS PHTLIPPE, hLs early career, GM 276; his relations with Morris, GM 180, 276, 277, LC 173; gains throne of Erance, A J 217, MVB 227; tries to settle French spoliation claims, AJ 402, 408, HC ii. 53, 54, LC 168, MVB 216; his relations with Cass, LC 173, 174. LOVBJOY, ELIJAH P., murdered in Illinois, MVB 359, HC ii. 75, AL i. 56, CFA 33-36, CS 39. LOVEJOY, OWEW, tries to get Lincoln to join Free-Soilers, AL i. 95, 97; in Congress, AL i. 297, WHS 221, TS 217, CEA 110; denounces England after Trent afEair, AL i. 386; supports Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 256. LOWELL, JOHN, New England disunionist in 1814, GM 310, JQA 50. 106 INDEX OF NAMES IiOWmJES, "WXLIiIAM, a war Republican, HC i. 78, 80, DW 47; supports tariff of 1816, HC i. 130; makes report on currency, A J 389; defends Florida treaty, HC i. 165; in Missouri struggles, HC i. 185; presidential candidate in 1824, AJ 102. LUUDY, BEWJftMTTf, early abolitionist, HC ii. 71, SPC 36, CS 37. lAJZEBUTE, AJSnSrE-OESAB,, CSEVAJiIEU DE IiA, ' minister to United States, BF 351, 387, JA 175, JJ 160, 171, 195, 196, 205; bribes American writers, J J 139; induces Congress to appoint a peace commission, BF 363, JA 205; leads Congress to instruct commissioners in interests of France and Spain, JA 206, AH 37, JJ 123, 127, 138-147, 161; betrays Morris to English ministry, GM 205, 256. IiTlTCH, THOMAS, in continental Congress, BF 209, PH 104-107, 112, 172. IiYON, MATTHEAW, has fight with Griswold, AG 141, JR 106; defends Yazoo compromise, JR 107. IiYOWS, BICHAED BICKEETOW PEMELL, LOKD, minister to United States, WHS 222, 223, 282, 285, 341, CFA 171, 206; suggested as arbitrator between North and South, AL i. 281; his conduct in Trent affair, AL i. 383, 384, WHS 303-305, CFA 236, CS 208. MoABTHUB, DXTWOAIT, see index to Cass. UcCIiEIiIiAIT, GEOBQE B., for his career in War of Rebellion, see index to Lincoln; relations with Chase, SPC 213, 224, 294, 295; INDEX OF NAMES 107 candidate for presidency, AL ii. 97, 265, 275, 286, 287, TS 226; judgments on, GM 64, AL i. 306, 310, 311, ii. 42-44, 135, TS 197, 198, 315. MoCIiITKE!, AT.-BnrAT TDTiiB £., quoted, AL ii. 106, TS 51, 92, 93. Mcculloch, hugh, secretary of treasury, SPC 390, TS 241. McDOUQALL, A TiTiX AITDEB, Whig leader in New York during Sevolution, SA 280, GM 9, JJ 26-29, 47, 62, 56. MoDOWBLL, GENEKAL IBVIir, see index to Lincoln. MoDUTTrB, GEOBGE, his report on banking in 1816, AG 263; attacks internal improvements, DW 133, 168; opposes tariff, A J 247, 258, 263, LC 143; supports Bank against Jackson, A J 284, 300, 301, 344; persuades Calhoun to accept State Department, JCC 226; advocates annexation of Texas, TH6 267, 270; promises that Calhoun will not submit annexation resolution to Texas, JCC 253, THB 277; favors war with Mexico, JCC 279; thinks Oregon valueless, THB 247. McHEWKX, JAMES, in Revolutionary War, GW i. 284; secretary of war under Washington and Adams, GW ii. 246, 260, JA 270, 278, AH 207; quarrels with Adams, JA 278, 306; aids Hamilton against Adams, JA 314; forced to resign, JA 308, AH 226, JMar 148. MoKBAN, THOMAS, in continental Congress, PH 108; in Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, AG 43; his action in whiskey insurrection, AG 77; gives letters to Logan, GW ii. 265; Governor of Pennsylvania, AG 166. 108 INDEX OF NAMES McKENZIB, WII.LIAM !•., see index to Van Buren, McIiAKTE!, I>OniS, his controversy with Kandolph in Congress, JR 290, 291; opposes Panama Congress, JMou 176; minister to England, AJ 210, 215, MVB 219-223, DW 205, 206; secretary of treasury, AJ 212, MVB 199, HC i. 348, LC 137; reports extinction of public debt, AG 269; reports tarifE bill, AJ 264; proposes sale of public lands and distribution of proceeds, A J 233, HC i. 370; reports in favor of Bank, AJ 288, HC i. 365; secretary of state, AJ 345, MVB 255, HC ii. 27; opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346, MVB 250, LC 154. HoLBAir, JOHIT T., postmaster-general under Monroe, JMon 130; whUe in Adams's Cabinet works for Jackson's election, JQA 206, 206, A J 142, 143, 146, HC i. 268, 259, 281, 282; refuses to proscribe clerks to please Jackson, AJ 183, MVB 207; appointed to Supreme Court, JQA 206, AJ 182, 423, 424, MVB 179; in Van Zandt case, SPC 76; declines Anti-Masonic nomination, A J 295, MVB 245; candidate for Whig nomination for presidency, AJ 444, SPC 86; candidate for Free-Soil nomination, SPC 98, CFA 98; candidate for Republican nomination, WHS 145, AL i. 169, 170, SPC 180, 181, 189, TS 112. MoIiSOD, AT.TiXATTDEH, his share in Caroline affair, WHS 27, 28; arrested by New York for mnrder of Durfree, DW 241, 242, THB 239, LC 176, WHS 28; his release demanded by England, DW 241, 242, THB 240, LC 176, WHS 28, 29; INDEX OF NAMES 109 controversy over, between United States and New York, DW 243, 260, THB 240, WHS 29, 30; tried and acquitted, DW 246, LC 178, WHS 30, 31. IIAOOIT, WATHAWIEIi, opposes complimentary address to Washington, AG 129; Kepublican leader of Congress under Adams, AG 159, 160, JR40; leader with Randolph in Jefferson's administration, JB 54, 67, 82, 84, 124, 164, 188, 203; introduces Navigation Act, AG 296; refuses to join Randolph in seceding from Republicans, JB 221, 228; his relations with Eandolph, JB 157, 188, 232, 233, 250; returns to old Republican principles after 1820, AG 356, AJ 110, JR 285. MADISOIf, JAMSS, see special index to volume on Madison; his birthplace, JMar 2, JMon 5, JMad 1-10; aids in formation of Virginia constitution, PH 190, 200, 204, JMad 15, 16; his career in Virginia legislature, PH 295, TJ 37, 64, JMad 17, 45-67; in congress of the Confederation, AH 35, JMad 20-41, 74; works to strengthen federal government, GW ii. 19, 29, TJ84, JMad 47, 76-82; describes anger of South over proposed surrender of Missis- sippi navigation, PH 308-316, JJ 210, JMad 81-83; member of Federal Convention, GM 115, 120-143, JMon 28, JMad 84-109; his share in slavery compromises, GM 140, JMad 92-109; writes part of « Federalist," AH 66, GM 144, JJ 225, JMad 111, 112; advocates ratification of Constitution in Virginia Conven- tion, PH 320, 333, JMar 64, JMon 28, JMad 113-116; defeated for Senator, PH 351, JMar 88, JMad 119; elected to Congress in spite of gerrymandered district, PH 351, 354, JMad 119-121; 110 INDEX OF NAMES WADISOIT, JAMBS (continued), leads Congress to propose first ten amendments, FH 354, 355, AG 40, JMad 139; opposes funding of debt at face value to holders, AH 117, JMad 147-149; opposes establishment of Bank of United States, AH 129, JMad 162, 163; joins opposition in Congress, PH 397, AH 117, 118, 139, 173, 175, TJ 149, AG 99, JMad 164^167, 181-184; aids Freneau to establish paper, TJ 114, JMad 168-172; leads Eepublicans in House, AG 100, 108, JMad 222, 233; revises Washington's Farewell Address, JMon 167; votes for resolutions of censure on Hamilton, AH 146, 148 JMad 189-192; declines to encounter Hamilton in controversy over Jay treaty, AH 188, TJ 151; opposes Jay Treaty in Congress, AG 111-118, JMad 216,217; writes Virginia resolutions, PH 408, GM 314, TJ 172, JR 27, 35, 251, A J 253, JMad 230-235; recognized leader next to Jefferson, AG 168, 295, JR 55, 57; declines French mission, GW ii. 211, JA 273, AH 200, TJ 159, JMon 40; secretary of state under Jefferson, JMar 154, TJ 188, JQA 68, JR 114, 161, 187, JMad 241-269; his views on appointments to ofSce, AG 281, JR 199, HC ii. 64, CFA 24, 28; in case of Marbury vs. Madison, JMar 180, 181; his connection with Louisiana treaty, JMon 86, 89, 91, JR 91; his connection with Monroe-Pinokney treaty, JMon 96, 99, 100, JR 210, JMad 263; negotiates for acquisition of West Florida, JR 165, 166, 181, 182, AJ 24, HC i. 68, 59; writes " Examination of British Trade Doctrine,'' JR 176, JMad 257; arranges Yazoo compromise, JR 103; INDEX OF NAMES 111 feud of Randolph with, JR 109, 153, 175-180, 182, 20O- 202; turns for support to Northern Democrats, JR 188; succeeds Jefferson as President, TJ 282, JMon 105, 107, JR 160, 195-197, 212, 228, 231, 233, JMad 272; his foreign poUcy, TJ 288, AG 295, JMon 107, JR 187, HC i. 171, JMad 258, 280, 291; appoints J. Q. Adams minister to England, JQA 69, 70, CPA4; his government by proclamation, HC i. 73, JMad 274-276; outwitted by Napoleon, HC i. 77, JMad 283-285, 288, 292, 293, 305-307; pushed into War of 1812 by West, AJ 33, 34, HC i. 78-85, JCC 20, JMad 293; said to have advocated war for sake of securing renomina- tion, HC i. 84, JMad 295-297, 301, 303, 308; on John Henry letters, HC i. 82, JMad 297, 298, 303; evades responsibility for war, AG 205, HC i. 73, JCC 20, 21; offers Jefferson State Department, TJ 289; in election of 1812, MVB 58, HC i. 89, 90; his part in Smith-Gallatin feud, AG 230, 231, 294-299, JR 233, 239, 240; his conduct of the war, JMon 111-120, 122-124, MVB 59, HC i. 126, JMad 309-311, 315, 316; his share in peace negotiations, AG 312, 326, HC i. 100, 101, 109, JMad 308; vetoes Bank Bill, 1815, AG 266, AJ 265, DW 62; signs Bank Act, 1816, AG 265, 266, DW 204, JMad 319; unable to hold party to old principles, JR 252, HC i. 128, JMad 314; vetoes bill for internal improvements, HC i. 138, DW 66; favors Crawford for presidency, AG 356; connected with University of Virginia, JMon 231; in Virgrinia Constitutional Convention, JMar 239; opposes nullification doctrine, JR 253, 254, JMad 238-240; his views on slavery, HC ii. 86, 87, JMad 320, 321; 112 INDEX OF NAMES MADISOBT, JAMES {continued). Federalist view of, AH 220, MATB 39, HC i. 59, JMad 172- 176, 180; judgments upon, PH 296, 300, 303, 314, TJ 155, AG 179, 284, 296-299, JR 69, 237, MVB 69, 146, 464, HC i. 78, DW 339; relations with contemporaries, PH 84, 295, 317, 343, 344, GM 120, 297, JMar 272, TJ 87, 286, 289, 305, AG 99, 230, 231, 284, 300, 330, JMou 2, 28, 129, 225-230, 240, JK 109, 163, 165, 181, 190, DW 59. WATiIiABY, BOIiIiLKT C, see index to Jackson. MATTGQ-M, WILLrE P., member of Congress, HC ii. 69, 330; admits error of nullifiers, AJ 338; receives electoral vote of South Carolina in 1836, AJ 448; advises Fillmore to appoint Webster secretary of state, HC u. 366. MASnS, ABIJAK, Democratic leader in New York, JQA 273, 274, HC ii. 312. MANIT, HOBACB, Free-SoU leader, CS 74; member of House in 1849, CFA 103, CS 88, TS 69, 86; thinks Calhoun is plotting secession in 1849, JCC 319. MAMTSFrEIiD, I.OIID JAMBS, settles dispute of Pennsylvania with Penn family, BF 70, 71; upholds power of Parliament over colonies, BF 118, SA 73-75; condemns colonial leaders, BF 136, SA 192, 270. MAEBOIS, FBANCOIS DE BABBE, secretary of French legation to United States, JJ 139, 143; opposes American claims, JJ 168-170; as Napoleon's agent, arranges sale of Louisiana, JMon 78-91. MAEOBIAJSTD, JOHIT B., see index to C. F. Adams. INDEX OF NAMES 113 MABOY, WILIiIAM L., member of Albany Regency in New York politics, MVB 69, 111, 112, 174, THB 73; asserts that "to the victors belong the spoils," AJ 211, MVB 232, HC i. 368, THB 73, 74; alarmed at speculation in 1836, A J 380, MVB 302, 303; calls out New York militia at time of Canadian rebellion, MVB 355; leader of Hunkers, MVB 415, 417, HC ii. 304, THB 96; supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437; candidate for Democratic nomination in 18S2, LC 288, WHS 112; secretary of state, CFA 201. MABSHAIiL, JAMBS, see index to Gallatin. TVrftKSHATiI., JOHIf, studies law under Wythe, TJ 7, HC i. 7, JMar 8, 25; serves in War of Eevolution, JMon 89, JMar 10-24; describes feeling in Virginia over proposed surrender of Mississippi navigation, FH 310; advocates ratification of Constitution in Virginia Conven- tion, PH 320, JMon 28, JMar 55-85; counsel for Vbginia in British debts case, PH 360, JMar 37-44; Federalist leader in Virginia, 6M 282; on special commission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 277, TJ 161, AG 139, 152, JMar 100; his conduct in XYZ affair, JA 278, AH 200, TJ 107, JMar 104^121; brings news to America, JA 282, AH 202, JMar 126-129; elected to Congress, PH 410, JMar 133, 134; his career in Congress, AG 158, JMar 131-147; supports Adams as President, AH 282, GM 285, JMar 142; secretary of state, JA 316, JMar 147-157; his connection with midnight appointments, TJ 186, JMar 154-157; appointed Chief Justice, JR 62, JMar 161; 114 INDEX OF NAMES MAKSHAXIi, JOHlir (continued), his influence on the Constitution, JR 65, JMar 170-179; leally attacked in impeachment of Chase, JR 129; in Burr case subpoenas JefEerson, TJ 251, JMar 199-227; his life of Washington denounced by Bepublicans, TJ 305, JMar 228-237; his decision in case of Fletcher vs Peck, JR 104, 108, 109, JMar 184^188; his opinion in McCulloch vs Maryland, AH 103, 104, TJ 107, DW 203, JMar 191-196; influenced by Federalist prejudices in Dartmouth College case, DW 80, 84-93, JMar 188-191; connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 13, 14; defied by Jackson in Cherokee case, LC 161; his decision reversed in case of Briscoe vs Bank of Ken- tucky, AJ 423; his death, A J 362, JMar 274, 275; relations with contemporaries, PH 410, 411, GW ii. 392, AH 282, AG 29, AJ 227, MVB 319, HC i. 257; judgments upon, PH 366, AG 103, 104, JJ 254, JE 63, AJ 425, 426, DW 37, 97, 106, SPC 319, 425, MABSHAUi, THOMAS F., attacks Adams in Congress, JQA 263, 282, 283; war debate with Clay, HC i. 328. MAKTTN, LUTHER, member of Federal Convention, JMad 75, 88, 89; opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 330; practices before Supreme Court, JMar 192; counsel for Chase in impeachment trial, JR 140-150; as counsel for Burr attacks JefEerson, TJ 251, JMar 208, 219. MATCTTCTEAIT, HAHKTET, her observations on America quoted, AJ 184, 331, 430, 432, LC 25, 99, CS 21, 26. MABOK, GEORaE, leader of liberal Whigs in Virginia, PH 95, 190, 210, 212, JMon2; INDEX OF NAMES 115 writes Virginia bill of rights, PH 200, 202, 204, 208, TJ 37; in Federal Convention denounces slaveiy, GM 138, JMad 102, 106, JMon 28; opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 315, 316, 320, GW ii. 71, JMar 64, 82, 83, JMad 112, JMon 29, JR 17, 18, DW 172; leader of KepubUoans, PH 342, AH 141; relations with Washington, GW ii. 362, 381. MASOIf, JAMBS M., member of Senate, HC ii. 330, CS 89; leads slavery extensionists, HC ii. 350, DW 311, 317; reads Calhoun's last speech, HC ii. 338, JCC 338; drafts Fugitive Slave BiU, HC ii. 349, CS 69; has quarrel with Sumner, CS 112-116, 143; approves of Brooks's attack on Sumner, CS 148, 150; plans secession in 1860, WHS 209, CS 188; captured by Wilkes from the "Trent," AL i. 380, 381, 385, WHS 297, 298, 318, CFA 199, 211, 238, 239, CS 208, 209; his career as Confederate emissary in England, CFA 332- 339, 350. SIASOIf, .nnnimwTATT his legal career, DW 37-44, 59, 74^3; his relations with Webster, DW 37, 38, 41, 124, 143; elected to Senate, AJ 141, DW 145; president of New Hampshire branch of United States Bank, AJ 271, HC i. 353; controversy over his appointment between Kitchen Cabinet and Biddle, AJ 272, 273, HC i. 353, 354. MASOlf, JOHW TT., connected with Ostend manifesto, LC 313. MASOIT, STBVEITS THOMPSOIT, betrays Jay treaty to public, GW ii. 185, AG 103; killed in a duel, JQA 103, 104. MATTHEWS, GBmSBAIi EDWABD, makes raid into Virginia, PH 257, 264, 267, GW i. 269. 116 INDEX OF NAMES MA7NABD, HOBAOE!, in Congress, AL i. 298, TS 257, 315, 316; approves Lincoln's emancipation scheme, AL ii. 27. MAZZEI, FHXLIF, Jefferson's letter to, PH 407, TJ 162-164. MEADE, GEBTEBAIi GBOEGB O., see index to Lincoln. MEADE, BISHOP 'WILIiIAM, quoted, PH 57, JMar 258, 260, 265, JMon 7, 8. MEIGS, EETTJEH' JOUATHAIT, Governor of Ohio during War of 1812, LC 42, 44, 73, 76; postmaster-general, JMon 130. MEBCEB, JAMES, conservative Whig leader in Virginia, PH 93, 152, TJ 22. MEBCIEB, HENBI, French minister to United States during CivU War, AL ii. 174, WHS 320. MBBLnSr, DE DOTIAI, BHIIiIPPE AJSTTOrNE, his relations with American Bepnblicans, GW ii. 265, JMon 53, JMad 218; demands copy of Jay treaty, JMon 61. TWrp -pT.TTiT THOMAS, Whig leader in Pennsylvania, S A 282 ; entertains delegates to Congress, PH 104r-107; takes part in Convray cabal, PH 247, 250, GW i. 216, 221, 226; as president of Congress receives Washington's commis- sion, GW i. 349; in Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, AG 43; Grovernor of Pennsylvania, J J 285, 286, TJ 157; orders seizure of "Little Sarah," GW ii. 154, 155; opposes forcible suppression of whiskey rebellien, AG 77, 88. MTT.T.EB, COIiOXEL MOBBIS S., see index to Cass. MTTiIiS, ELIJAH H., quoted, JQA 101, 103, 157, 162, 203, JR 260, 261, AJ 101, 107, loa INDEX OF NAMES 117 lOBABEATT, HONOkS OABBTBIi DS, his career in French Revolution, GM 164; delivers eulogy on Franklin, BF 419; judgments on, GM 193, 194, DW 181. MOLUnSUX, WHiIOAM, see index to S. Adams. MOIfBOB, JAMES, birthplace and education, JMar 2, 7, JMon 4t-8; describes disunion feeling of South in 1787, FH 307, JMon 23; opposes ratification of Constitution, FH 320, JMar 71, 76- 78, JMon 28-30; defeated for Congress by Madison, JMad 121; opposes Hamilton for English mission, AH 175, JJ 265; minister to France, GW ii. 211, JA 269, JMon 39-67; his reception and conduct, GW ii. 212-214, AH 198, GM 261, JMar 102, JMad 218-220, AG 132, JMon 49-64; interferes with Jay, GW ii. 213, JMad 220; recalled in disgrace, PH 407, GW ii. 214, JA 270, GM 261, JMar 102, TJ 160, JMad 221, JMon 65; exposes Hamilton in Reynolds affair, GW ii. 212, AH 276, JMon 74; Governor of Virginia, TJ 215, JR 27, 28, JMon 35, 38, 105; envoy to France, TJ 215-217, JMon 79; his share in purchase of Louisiana, TJ 218, 219, AG 193, JR 82, 83, JMon 82-93; envoy to Madrid, JR 161, JMon 99; asserts claim of United States to West Florida, JR 85, JMon 98; makes treaty with England, TJ 262, 263, JMad 246, 262, 263, JR 162, 210, 211, HC i. 71, JMon 100-105; rival of Madison for presidency, TJ 282, 283, JMad 272, 296, JR 180, 189, 194, 197, 212, 227-231, JMon 105; supplants Smith as secretary of state, AG 296, 298, JR 239, 240, JMon 117-120; makes report on John Henry letters, JMad 300; 118 INDEX OF NAMES MOWEOE, JAMBS (continued), his share in peace negotiations, AG 305, 308, 311, 314, 316- 319, AJ 49; secretary of war, DW 60, JMon 124-127; elected President, JA 324, AJ 60, HC i. 140, JMon 128; urged by Jackson to neglect partisanship in appointments, AJ 60-63, HC i. 225, MVB 89; his Cabinet, AG 334, JQA 100, HC i. 141, JCC 38, JMon 129-138; [266; abandons original Jeffersonian principles, JB 245, 251, 252, thinks party government unnecessary, MVB 89, 90, JMon 137, 247; disapproves of Jackson's career in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 69-«l, 199, 204, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JMon 145; refuses to seize Florida, JQA 118; favors treaty with Spain, JQA 113, HC i. 163; wishes to abandon Texas claim to please North, AJ 84, 112, HC i. 164; reelected almost unanimously, AJ 92, MVB 72, 75, HC i- 189, 190; enmity of Clay toward, JQA 106, HC i. 141, 146, 150, 154, 162, 206, JMon 135; vetoes Internal Improvement Bill, MVB 95, 96, 121, HC i. 142, 206, 208, JMon 152, 191-202; his cautious attitude toward South America, HC i. 147, 148, 168; his share in utterance of Monroe doctrine, AH 161, JQA 129, 131, 136, HC i. 210, JMon 159-179, 203, 204; urges transportation of Creeks, AJ 221, LC 160; expresses sympathy with Greeks, HC i. 209; relations with contemporaries, TJ 64, 81, JMad 221, AG 329, 341, JR 154, 197-202, 240-245, 266, 267, AJ 199, MVB 186, HC i. 126, JCC 52; judgments on, GW ii. 212, 215, 216, GM 255, 261, TJ 165, AG 102, 104, 133, JR 196, AJ 77, MVB 89, 463, THB 43. MOKTQOMEHX, BICHABD, invades Canada, SA 307, GW i. 143, GM 9, 38. INDEX OF NAMES 119 MONTMOBHf, ABMAND MASC, COKTS HE, French minister at Madrid, JJ 108, 109, 116, 117, 122, 137, 161, 167; tries to bring about Spanish- American alliance, JJ 122-127; his relations with American ministers to Paris, GM 189, 217, TJ 71, 78. MOBEAU, JIJAlir VIOTOB, his career as French general, GM 272; in exile visits United States, GM 297, AG 308, JR 267; tries to aid Czar to mediate between England and United States, AG 308, 309; his death, AG 310, 311. MOBEHEAD, CKABIiES S., Governor of Kentucky, DW 317, SPC 167. MOBQAU, DANIEL, his career in War of Kevolution, GW i. 208, 210, 301, GM 63, THB 7; leads militia against whiskey rebellion, AG 88, 93. MOBQAItr, VTXLIiIAM, his supposed assassination by Masons, JQA 208, AJ 289, 290, MVB 167, HC i. 341, 342, WHS 11, 12, TS 29, MOBEHiii, jTJSTrcr h., member of Senate, CS 399, TS 160, 269. MOEEILL, LOT 31., his career in Congress, CFA 110, CS 263, 338, 395. mOEBIS, GOTTVEBiraJUE, his legal career, J J 16, GM 19, 20; moderate Whig leader during Bevolution, JJ 31, GM 26- 28; his services in New York Convention, JJ 58, 75, 80, GM 30-66; his career in New York during Kevolution, JJ 60, 66, 85, GM 52, 59-64; in continental Congress defends Deane, JJ 96, GM 81; acts as assistant treasurer to Robert Morris, GW i. 264, GM 84-113; describes low character of continental Congress, J J 140; 120 INDEX OF NAMES suggests decimal system for coinage, AG 172, GM 90-93; member of Federal Convention, AH 58, GM 115-143; denounces slavery, JMad 98-100, 105, GM 68, 137-141; minister to France, JJ 260, JMon 34, 68, GM 219-259; on secret mission to England, GW ii. 137, AH 155, GM 197-205; comprehends French Revolution, GW ii. 139, GM 146- 259; his recall demanded by France, GW ii. 211, JA 269, JMon 34, 40, 59, GM 254; badly treated by Louis Philippe, LC 173, GM 276, 277; his view of Republican party, JMad 244, GM 288, 291, 299, 300, 302; relations with contemporaries, GW ii. 363, AH 83, JJ 306, 311, 317, AG 23; judgments on, AG 32, JR 112, 113. MOBBIS, BOBEBT, in continental Congress, J J 97; his career as treasurer during Revolution, BF 304, SA 343, GW i. 187, 259, 309, 312, AH 26, 29, 34, GM 89, AG 170- 173; aided by Franklin, BF 307, 331, 333-336; founds Bank of North America, GW ii. 110, AG 248, 249; failing to secure financial reform, resigns, GW i. 204, AH 38; in Federal Convention, GM 115; in United States Senate, AG 61, 63; becomes bankrupt, AG 361, 362; relations with contemporaries, GW ii. 66, 363, GM 145. MOBBIS, THOMAS, early abolitionist, HC ii. 254, SPC 76, 85. MOBTOBT, OLIVEB P., war Governor of Indiana, AL ii. 183, 184; his career in Senate, CS 295, 374, 385, 388, 408. MOTliEY, JOHN LOTHBOP, his mission to England, CFA 380, CS 364, 369-371; removed by Grant, CS 386. INDEX OF NAMES 121 MOUSTIXiB, £!. F. E., StABQDIS DE, French minister to United States, GW ii. 59, 60, TJ 209. MUKPHT, HBWBY C, his connection with annexation of Texas, HC ii. 240, JCC 236. M1JBBA7, WILLIAM; VANS, Federalist member of Congress, AG 99, 106, 110; minister to Holland, GW ii. 264; receives advances from Talleyrand after XYZ afEair, JA 288, TJ 171; appointed envoy to France, PH 412, GW ii. 292, JA 295- 298, AH 214, 217. WAPOLEOIT I., BOW APABTE, his Italian successes make Directorate arrogant, AG 132 139; decrees public mourning for Washington, GW i. 1; plans a colonial empire in Louisiana, TJ 217, JR 74, 185; rejects offer to buy New Orleans, TJ 217; sells Louisiana to United States, GM 294, TJ 218, JMad 249, JMon 82-87; his West Florida policy, JMon 94r-98; issues Berlin and Milan decrees, TJ 263, JMad 266, 268, 270, AG 229, JQA 41, 42, HC i. 69; indifferent to embargo, TJ 272; invades Spain, HC i. 58; orders seizure of American vessels, TJ 278, LC 53; announces conditional revocation of decrees to delude Madison, JMad 282-287, HC i. 70-74, 87, JCC 14; forces United States into war with England, JMad 289, AJ35; revokes decrees, JMad 304; defeated in 1813, HC i. 99; his fall exulted over by Federalists, GM 306; his « Hundred Days " in 1815, AG 326, JQA 98, CFA 7; judgments upon, GM 264, AG 331, JMon 80, 81, AJ 30, 31, 323, 324, 349, 362, AL ii. 354. 122 INDEX OF NAMES WAPOLBOW m., BOITAPABTE, OHABLES LOUIS, resides in United States, MVB 362; commits coap d'etat of 1851, HC ii. 395; expected to sympathize with North in 1861, WHS 272; agrees to act with England in reoog^nizing Confederate belligerency, AL i. 372, WHS 277, 320, 325; willing to aid England in Trent affair, WHS 320, CFA 261, 278, 331; urges joint intervention, CFA 249; ofEers mediation between North and South, AL ii. 173, 174, CS 241; cooperates with Slidell to force interreution, CFA 328, 330, 333; seizes Confederate vessels, CFA 351; his Mexioam expedition, WHS 357, 362, CFA 154, 334, CS 250, 251. NECKESB, JAQjnSa, opposes French aid to United States, J J 132; guarantees a loan for United States, BF 328; his career in French Revolution, GM 173, 174, 189-191, 207. ITELSOM', JOHW, attorney-general under Tyler, HC ii. 240; his dealings with Texas, HC ii. 241, JCC 229; as judge of Supreme Court, tries to prevent war in 1861| WHS 238-245; his part in Supreme Court decisions, SFC 325, 387. BTELSOW, THOMAS, see index to Henry. NICEOIiAS, GEOBGIi, moves investigation of Jefferson's conduct as governor of Virginia, TJ 62; favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64; supposed author of Kentucky resolutions, JMad 234, 235, 239; denounces Alien and Sedition acts, HC i. 33. KICHOIiAS, JOHN, attacks Henry, PH 385; INDEX OF NAMES 123 Republican leader in House, AG 100, 111, 130, 134, 135, 143, 159, 161, 164, JR 40, 213. NICHOLAS, KOBBKT CABTEB, conserrative leader in Virginia before and after ReTolution, PH 23, 71, 89, 93-95, 137, 151, 152, 162, 190, 200, 201, 286, TJ 21, 22. mCHOLAS, -WTT.TiTAM, favors ratification of Constitution, JMar 64; connected with Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions, JMad 234, 235. HICHOLAS, ■WXLSOIJ- CAHT, Republican leader in Congress, JR 189, 206; moves repeal of embargo, TJ 280; in Virginian politics, JR 211, 214, 228, 229; causes Jefferson's financial ruin, TJ 299. mCHOLSOW, JOSEPH H., Republican leader in Congress, AG 224, 246, JR 40, 41, 49, 64, 75, 76, 80, 85, 95, 124, 164, 167, 169, 188; in Chase impeachment trial, TJ 233, 234, JR 81, 82, 95, 140, 150; appointed judge, JR 203, 221. JSaUES, HEIZEEIAH, celebrates battle of New Orleans in his " Regfister," JQA 96, 97; reports verbatim a speech of Randolph, JR 296-298; describes election of 1824, A J 102, 109, HC i. 232; supports Jackson as uniformly right, A J 65, 72, 79; criticises Benton's " Demos Krateo " doctrine, AJ 125; describes campaign of 1828, A J 144, HC i. 278; denies success in Jackson's foreign policy, A J 216; his influence as high tariff advocate, AJ 238, 239, 245, HC i. 219, ii. 10, 11; his comments on Bank struggle, A J 280, 319; describes Democratic convention of 1835 as prearranged, MVB 259; describes panic of 1837, AJ 373, 380; on origin of name Whig, AJ 439, HC ii. 45. 124 INDEX OF NAMES irOAHiLES, VTCOMTS DE, French minister to England, BF 284, GW ii. 151, 253. WOKTH, FBEDEKIOK, LOHD, chancellor of exchequer, BF 151, SA 91, 92; at privy council during attack on Franklin, BF 190; his policy toward the colonies, SA 118, 158, 174; tries to bribe Franklin, BF 202; plans Tea Act, SA 212; during war permits Hartley to correspond with Franklin, BF 256; forced by Burgoyne's surrender to attempt to conciliate the colonies, BF 280, 281, PH 241, 254, GM 75, TJ 21; hears news of Comwallis's surrender, BF 303; tries to separate France from United States, BF 363, 364; driven from ofBce, BF 364, JJ 149. OAKLET, THOMAS J., leader at New York bar, JMar 169, MVB 23, 24. OGDEN, DAVID B., leader at New York bar, JMar 169, MVB 30. OIiTVEB, AinJKE\r, loyalist leader in Massachusetts, BF 168, 177, SA 47, 85, 166; his letters obtained by Franklin, BF 177, SA 199, 202, 205, 209; his removal petitioned for by Massachusetts, BF 183, SA 205; his death, SA 236, 250. O'NEIL, PEGGY, see Eaton, John H.; her origin and history, AJ 193, 195, JCC 84; marries Eaton, AJ 193, MVB 181; ostracized by wives of cabinet officers, AJ 194, MVB 182, LC134; attempt of Jackson to force her into society, AJ 194, 195, 208, 209, 211, JQA 237, MVB 181, 182, JCC 85, HC i. 338, 367, LC 135; INDEX OF NAMES 125 attitude of Van Buren toward, AJ 196, MVB 183, 184, JCC 85, LC 134, 135. ONIS, DOBT LTTIS DB, makes treaty ceding Florida, JMon 146, JQA 111-117, 161. OPDTTEB, GEOBGE, in New Tork poUtios, HC ii. 312, SPC 191, 193; aids Chase's financial measures, SPC 222, 250, 280. OBIiEAKS, DUCHESS OF, see index to Morris. OSCBOIiA, leader of Seminole Indians, MYB 366, LC 162; his capture and death, MVB 366, THB 186, 188. OS^^AIiD, KICHABD, sent by Shelburne to open peace negotiations with Frank- lin, BF 365, 366, 367, 371, SA 210, JJ 149, 155, 156; difficulties over wording of his commission, BF 373, 376, JA 211, 213, JJ 157-176; agrees upon draft of treaty, BF 377, JJ 179, 181; regarded by English as too yielding, JA 214, J J 187; his share in further negotiations, JJ 187, 189, 190, 192, 195. OTIS, KABBISOiar GBAir, opposes bm to permit theatres in Boston, SA 363; Federalist leader in Massachusetts, AH 259, DW 29; his career in Congress, AG 132, 136, 156, 177, MVB 93; advocates disunion in 1814, GM 307, 308; carries resolutions of Hartford Convention to Washington, JMad 312; judgments on, JQA 296, JR 113. OTIS, JATVTFIS, his speech against Writs of Assistance, SA 38-40, JA 23, 24; leads opposition to Stamp Act, BF 107, 111, SA 45, 57, 64, 65, J A 28; his career as leader of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 83, 84, 86, 91, 92, 100, 102, 104, 110, 120, 121, 133, 144, 168, 179; assaulted by English officers, SA 133; 126 INDEX OF NAMES becomes insane, SA 168; judgments on, SA 319, 320, 327, CS 312. PAGE, JOHN, in Virginia politics, PH 95, 211, TJ 51. PAIIIE, BOBERT TBEAT, prosecutes soldiers in Boston Massacre trial, SA 165; at oontinenUl Congress, SA 265, 267, 277, 300, 307, JA 62, 62, JJ 282. PAINE, THOMAS, writes pamphlets " Common Sense " and the " Crisis," SA 309, 324, JA 138, TJ 28; subsidized by Luzerne to write m French interest, J J 141; attacks Silas Deane, GM 81; denounced by Morris, GM 81; his career in France, GM 251; writes pamphlet on " Rights of Man," GW ii. 226, AH 140, TJ 118, JQA 180; his request for aid refused by Morris, GM 251; attempts of Monroe to aid, JMon 60; attacks Federalists as enemies of French revolution, JJ 289. FAEENHAM, SIB BICHABD, negotiates with United States concerning Oregon, HC ii. 280, 281, JCC 230-236, 240, 260, 261. PAT.FBEY, DB. JOHN G., edits "North American Review," CFA 18; " conscience " Whig leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50, 51, 76, 83, 85, CS 43, 54; elected to Congress, CFA 81; refuses to vote for Winthrop, CFA 86, CS 55, 67; leader of Free-Soilers, CS 74, 76. PAIiMEBSTON, HENET JOHN TEMPLE, VISOOITNT, demands release of McLeod, LC 176, WHS 28, 29; refuses apology in Caroline affair, WHS 33; attacks Ashbnrton treaty, DW 252, THE 238, 245; manages opium war, CFA 157; INDEX OF NAMES 127 favors South during CivU War, CFA 153, 288; declines joint intervention with France in 1861, WHS 321, 324; does not wish war, CFA 219-225; sends ultimatum in Trent affair, AL i. 383; protests against Butler's rule in New Orleans, CFA 248- 260; ready to intervene in 1862, CFA 281, 282, 288; his death, CFA 371; opinions on, MVB 123, 149, DW 242, THE 231, 245, CFA 241, 376; relations with Adams, CFA 242, 248-260. PAKISH, DAVTD, assists Treasury in 1813, AG 213, 214, 259, 260, HC i. 99. FABKHB, THEODOBE, aboUtionist leader, SPC 56, CS 74. FABSOITS, THEOPHTLtrS, his legal career, DW 24, 35, 79; his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 17, 296. PATTERSON, JAMES W., see index to Sumner. PATJXDrtTG, JAMBS K., see index to Yan Boren. PAXTOBT, CHAKLES, see index to S. Adams. PEEL, SIB EOBEBT, connected with John Henry letters, JMad 300; his conciliatory attitude in McLeod afEair, DW 245; denies that England has abandoned right of search, LC 191. PENDLBTOH", EDMTnSTD, conservative Whig leader in Virginia, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95, 137, 151, 152; at Virginia bar, PH 23, 93; in continental Congress, PH 99-102, 112, 176, GW i. 128, JA95; in Virginia politics, PH 178, 185, 190, 191, 197, 201, TJ 128 INDEX OF NAMES favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64, JMad 111; defeated for Senate, JMar 88. PEIIDIiETOlT, GEORGE H., Democratic leader, AL i. 297, SPC 367, 368. PEmff PAMILT, see index to Franklin. PHUiIiTPS, STEPHEN C, Free-Soil leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50-52, 83, 95, CS 83. FHTTiTiTPS, WEWDELIi, anti-slavery orator, MVB 273, CFA 36, CS 15, 25; denounces leading statesmen, AL i. 173, 177, ii. 265, SPC 167, 346, CS 91, 415; favors disunion in 1861, AL i. 195, 231, CS 184; denounced by Johnson, TS 265, 281; judgments upon, AL ii. 255, THB 142, 143, LC 198, SPC 37, 55, CFA 67-59. P TTTT. T.rpa GEITEBAIi WIIiIiIASi:, commands British force invading Virginia, PH 278, GW i. 303, TJ 64. PICHOW, LOUIS AJniRE, connected with XYZ aiBair, JA 288, 294, JMon 65. PICKENS, FHAJSrCIS "W., Governor of South Carolina during secession of State, AL L 185; demands evacuation of Fort Sumter, WHS 247-250. PIOKEKING, JUBGE JOHN, impeached at Jefferson's suggestion, TJ 230, 231, JB 80, 132, 133. PIOKEKING, TIMOTHY, sends Randolph's Fauchet letter to Washington, GW ii. 195; succeeds Randolph as secretary of state, GW ii. 166, 246, AG 97, JMon 64, 67; in Adams's Cabinet, JA 262, 270, 271, AH 287, JMar 129. 130; INDEX OP NAMES 129 appeals to Washington against Adams on appointment of generals, GW ii. 286; wishes war with Prance, AH 199; objects to any mission to France, J A 276, 296, 299, 300; dismissed by Adams, J A 309, AH 226, JMar 148; aids Hamilton to attack Adams, JA 314, 321; his low opinion of Washington, GW ii. 307, TJ 165; leads New England disunion movement, GM 182, 308, 310, JE87; defeated by J. Q. Adams for Senate, JQA 30; his feud with Adamses, JA 321, 324, JQA 32, 69, 70, 296, AJ125; career in Congress, JQA 32, 69, 70, HC i. 59, 62, DW 47, 49. PIOTST, MADEMOISSLLS, see index to Gallatin. FrBBCB, SCWABD Xi., "conscience " Whig in Massachusetts, CPA 70, 79; works for Chase's nomination, SPC 160, 180, 191; his relations with Chase, SPC 24, 25, 259, 421. PtEBCE, FBAlTEXiIir, opposes annexation of Texas, MYB 424; nominated for President, MVB 439, HC ii. 402, DW 331- 333, LC 288, WHS 112; elected in 1852, MVB 280, 281, 439, THE 305, AL i. 93, WHS 113, 114, SPC 132, CPA 102; reunites Democratic party, LC 291; approves compromise measures, LC 289, 293, WHS 115, CS 102, TS 101; favors Kansas-Nebraska bUl, LC 298, WHS 118, CS 104; his pro-slavery policy toward Kansas, WHS 153-166, CS 13a-135; defeated for renomination, AL i. 101; judgments upon, MVB 463, THB 305, 306, 318, LC 288, 289, CS 305. PXEBPONT, FBANC13 H., Governor of reconstructed Virginia, AL ii. 217, TS 269. 130 INDEX OF NAMES inSTCKNEr, CHAKLES, minister to Spain, negotiates for West Florida, JMon 99, JR 114, 161; FUSCKNEY, CHABLBS COTESWOBTH, represents the slaveholders in Federal convention, GM 115, 126, 283, JMad 98, 103-109; refused reception as minister to France, GW ii. 214, 284; JA 270-273, AH 198, JMar 102, TJ 169, 160, AG 132, JMon 65, 66; appointed special commissioner, GW ii. 284, JA 276, JMar 100, TJ 161, AG 139; in XTZ afEair, JA 278, AH 200, JMar 105-125, TJ 167; appointed general in provisional army, GW ii. 286, 296, JA 284, AH 203-206, AG 155; plot to bring him in as President over Adams in 1800, JA 313, AH 228-232, TJ 177, GM 286, 286; candidate for President in 1804, TJ 241. PUrCKNEY, THOMAS, as minister to Spain makes treaty of commerce, GW ii. 166- 168, AG 117; plot to bring him in as President over Adams, in 1796, JA 254-259, AH 192-194, TJ 154, 155; minister to England, JJ 265, JQA 22, JMon 40; services in War of 1812, AJ 41. PUfKBTBY, ■WHiLIAM, with Monroe, makes treaty with England, TJ 262, JMad 261-263, JMon 99, 100, JR 210, HC i. 71; his services as minister to England, TJ 270, 277, JMad 281, 288, JR 190; in Madison's Cabinet, JMon 107, 108; practices before Supreme Court, JMar 164, 169, 192, 193, DW 62, 91-94. PITT, WILLIAM, in Shelbume's ministry, JJ 154; negotiations of Morris with, GM 202-205, 266; his ministry unfriendly toward United States, JMon 97, 99; judgments on, AH 7, 27, 78, 92, 93, AG 32, JR 47. INDEX OF NAMES 131 PLTJMEB, ■WILLIAM, leader of New Hampshire bar, DW 35, 36; connected with Dartmouth College ease, DW 74, 76; oasts electoral vote for Adams in 1820, AJ 92; [174; says J. Q. Adams drafted Monroe doctrine message, JMon member of Senate, JQA 68. POnSDEXTBB, GEOBQE, wins money from Clay, HC i. 160; opponent of Jackson in Senate, HC ii. 41, 69; accused by Jackson of trying to murder him, AJ 432, 433. POINSETT, JOEL B., as minister to Mexico fails to buy Texas, AJ 413, 415, HC 1. 293, 296; instructed to attend Panama Congress, HC i. 293; secretary of war under Van Buren, MBV 283, 383. POLE, JAMES E., speaker of House, MVB 337; leader of Anti-Bank party in House, AJ 341, 343, 344, 368, 375, HC ii. 48; nominated for President, MVB 410-416, HC ii. 252, JCC 243, LC 218, 219, WHS 44, SPC 92, 93; his election, HC ii. 256-266, JCC 216, 250, THB 257, LC 220-224, AL i. 71; represents slave-holding element of Democratic party, MVB 415-417, THB 281, 282; his relations with Calhoun, JCC 255-259; accepts annexation of Texas, HC ii. 273, THB 277, 278; demands all of Oregon, HC ii. 280-282, DW 258, JCC 263, 264, THB 254, LC 226, 227; throws responsibility for Oregon Compromise upon Senate, HC ii. 282, 283, JCC 272-275; forces war upon Mexico, HC ii. 274^276, 284, DW 263, 282, JCC 273-276, 288, LC 230, 231, AL i. 74, 85, WHS 61, CPA 62, CS 45; yetoes river and harbor bill, HC ii. 284; wishes to annex Mexican territory, HC ii. 285, 286, JCC 278, 281, 306, AL i. 86, CS 66, 65, 66; 132 INDEX OF NAMES his policy regarding slavery in new Territories, HC ii. 320, DW 289, LC 265, WHS 62. POMEKOT, SAMUEL C, advocates discarding Lincoln for Chase in 1864, AL ii. 250, SPC 312. POPE, GEITERAli JOHW, see index to Lincoln. POBTEK, DAVID D., see index to Lincoln. POHTER, PETEB B., war Republican in 1812, JCC 15; secretary of war under Adams, JQA 205, AJ 224; Whig politician, HC u. 176, 177, 193, 250. POWWAIiI., THOMAS, Governor of Massachusetts, SA 31, 34; favors cause of colonies in Parliament, BF 57, SA 31, 239; anticipates Monroe doctrine, JMon 165. PBBSTOIT, WILLIAM C, at Free-Trade Convention of 1831, AG 241; opponent of Jackson in Senate, HC ii. 69, 102, 121, 136; ofBers resolution to annex Texas, MVB 359, JCC 232; defends nullification, HC ii. 149; aids Clay to prepare speech against abolitionists, HC ii. 165, 170; in campaign of 1840, MVB 385, HC ii. 187. PTJQH, QEOBQE, in Ohio senatorial election of 1849, SPC 105-111; Senator from Ohio, WHS 189, SPC 133, 199; PUTNAM, ISBAEL, his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 169, 180, 195, 211, 217, ii. 374, AH 19. QUIITC3T, EDMUWD, early abolitionist, SPC 55, CFA 36. QUrWCT, JOSTATT, Whig leader in Massachusetts before Revolution, SA 90, 120, 183, 228, 230, 269, 301, 319, 320; defends soldiers in Boston Massacre, SA 165, 166, JA 36. INDEX OF NAMES 133 QunrcT, josiAH, attacks embargo, TJ 274, JMad 269, 270; denounces Madison's yielding to Prance, JMad 285, 287; attacks conduct of War in 1812, JMad 297, HC i. 89-91; favors disunion during war, GM 307, 310, DW 172; relations with contemporaries, JQA 66, JB, 260. BAITSOIiFH, EDTeXnSTD, his career as lawyer, JMar 33, 47, 169, 208; Whig leader in Virginia, PH 190, 197, 200; his version of proposed dictatorships, FH 229, 287; predicts failure of impost scheme, JMon 22; at Annapolis Convention, FH 54; describes opposition in Virginia to cession of Mississippi navigation, PH 310; refuses to sign Constitution, PH 319, JMad 112; supports constitution in Virginia ratifying convention, PH 320, 334, 335, GW ii. 71, JMar 68, 69, JMon 28; attorney-general under Washington, GW ii. 64, 65, TJ 88, JMon 41, 48, 57, JB 20; opposes chartering Bank of United States, GW ii. 110, AH 129, JMad 163; opposes use of force against whiskey rebellion, AG 77; his vacillating foreign policy, GW ii. 147, 154, 170, TJ 134, 136; secretary of state after Jefferson, GW ii. 184, 185; opposes Jay treaty, GW iL 185, 188, TJ 162; disgraced by Fauchet letter, GW ii. 196-203, AG 97, 103, JMon 64; counsel for Burr, JR 208. BAITDOLPH, JOHN, answers Henry's last speech, PH 419, 420, JK 30, 31; elected to Congress, AG 158, JB 39; asserts that Virginia plans forcible resistance to Federalists, JMon 37, 38, JB 27; becomes leader of Bepnblican opposition, AG 159, 160, JB 40-47; 134 INDEX OF NAMES BAIfDOIiFH, JOHM' (continued), leader of Kepublicans in House under Jefferson, TJ 214, JK 54-172; carries through repeal of internal taxes, AG 221; carries through appropriation for Louisiana purchase, TJ 214, 222, JK 75-78, 86-89; defends constitutionality of Louisiana purchase, TJ 223, JB 90, 92; [150; leads in impeachment of Chase, TJ 234, JR 94-101, 130- deserts Jefferson on question of Florida, TJ 246, 248, JR 109, 153, 160, 167, 170, 172; attacks Jefferson and Madison, TJ 266, JR 173-270; condemns non-intercourse policy, JMad 260, JR 173; foreman of jury in Burr trial, JMar 610, JR 217-219; endeavors to use Monroe as rival to Madison, JMon 36, 37, JR 159, 160, 165, 166, 194-203, 212-214, 227-230; opposes war with England, HC i. 84, DW 62, JCC 16-19, 22, LC 62, JR 179; quarrels with Monroe, JMon 37, JR 241-246; in Missouri debate, JMon 147, HC i. 180, 181, 191, 192, JR 269,272; proposes secession to Clay, HC i. 197; opposes protection on slavery grounds, HC i. 130, JR 277- 280; takes part in debate on Greece, DW 130; teller in election of 1824 in House, JQA 173; his career in Senate, AJ 141, MVB 148, JR 285-299; abuses Adams's administration, JQA 211, 296, AJ 131, HC i. 273, JCC 63, JR 282, 283; his attack on " Blifil and Black George," JQA 183, THB 56, JR281; fights a duel with Clay, JQA 183, AJ 131, HC i. 274, 276, THB 56, JR 287; in Virginia constitutional convention, JMar 240, JR 330; supports Calhoun in nullification struggle, AJ 330, JR 301, 302; minister to Russia, AJ 131, 141, JR 294; INDEX OF NAMES 135 his views on slavery, HC i. 303, JR 271-275, 280, 281; relations with contemporaries, PH 364, 365, AG 295, JQA 153, 210, 211, HC ii. 22, 23, DW 65; judgments on, TJ 247, AG 355, JMon 222, SPC 10. KAITDOLPH, PEYTOir, moderate leader in Virginia, PH 66, 67, 71, 74, 89, 95, 157, TJ19; in first continental Congress, SA 282, 301, PH 99, 102, 106, 107, TJ 21, JR 3. BAITDOIf H, BICHAUD, see index to John Randolph. BAWSOIf-HASTIIfaS, FBAIfCIS, EABIi OF MOIBA, his career in Revolution, GW i. 304, GM 101. BATMOig^D, HBNBY J"., defeats Greeley for Whig nomination in New York, WHS 140; predicts disaster from Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 273; defends Johnson's reconstruction policy, TS 264, 266. BAYMBVAIi, JOSEPH, secretary to Verg^nnes, BP 375, J J 166; opposes American claims to Western lands, BF 375, JJ 166, 167, 171, 179, 182, 190; his secret journey to London, BF 376, JJ 171-174, 191; calls American treaty of peace a " dream," JJ 196. BEED, JOSEPH, in continental Congress, SA 285, PH 106. BEEDEB, AlfDBEW H., Governor of Kansas, WHS 153-155, CS 132, 133; opposes Border ruffians, LC 317; removed by Pierce, LC 317, WHS 155; petitions for seat as territorial delegate, WHS 159. BBVBEE, PAtn., see index to S. Adams. BHEA, JOHtT, connected with Jackson's Florida campaign, JMon 145, AJ 69, 70. 136 INDEX OF NAMES EHETT, HOBEBT BAEITWELIi, in speakership contest of 1839, JQA 293, MVB 376; advocates secession in 1850, HC ii. 358, JCC 217; denounced by Clay, HC ii. 368. BICTTPiT.TTitr, ABMAJO) DU FIiESSIS, DUC SE, see index to Gallatin. BIOHMOND, DEA1J-, his career in New York politics, MVB 112, HC ii. 321. BUiET, QEinSTCATi BENNETT, calls convention to frame constitution for California, HC ii. 321, WHS 63-67. BITNEB, JOSEPH, see index to Stevens. EIVES, WILLIAM O., opposes Monroe doctrine, JMon 176; minister to France, AJ 217, 404, MVB 217; supports expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102; resigns from Senate and is reelected, AJ 365, 366, HC ii. 174; defeated for vice-president by Johnson, AJ 442, MVB 260; opposes independent treasury, MVB 347, HC ii. 145, AJ 286; in campaign of 1840, MVB 384, 385. ErVTNQTON, JAMES, loyalist printer of New York, SA 330, JJ 25, 37; his press destroyed by a Connecticut mob, AH 11, GM 39, JJ46. EOANE, SPEWCEB, see index to Henry. EOBINSON, BEVEELET, his relation with Revolutionary statesmen, GW i. 99, JJ65. EOCHESTEE, WILLIAM B., his political career in New York, MVB 147, HC i. 228. EOCEXNGHAM, CHABLES W. WENTWOETH, MAB> Qtns OF, prime minister after Grenville, BF 115, SA 72; carries repeal of Stamp Act, BF 118; INDEX OF NAMES 137 forms Cabinet after fall of North, BE 365, 372, JA 209, 211, JJ 149, 154. BOBNliT, CASSAB A., defeats Bayard for Congress, JR 84; in Chase impeachment, JR 140, 149. HOEBUCK, JOmff ABTHUK, see index to C. F. Adams. BOMAUZOFF, HlCHOIiAS, COUNT, plans Russian mediation in War of 1812, AG 304, 307, 308, 310, 312, JQA 71, 74, HC i. 99. BOOT, JOHW F., member of Congress, SPC 114, DW 305. BOSE, GEOBQi: H., British envoy to United States, TJ 267, JQA 45. BOSECBASrS, aENEBAIi XtTTT. T.TA M S., see index to Lincoln. EOtrSSEATT, JEAN JACQUES, referred to, GM 27, AG 6, JMon 65. BOW AN, JUDGE JOHIT, upholds States' rights against United States Bank, AJ 160; in Congress, AJ 218, MVB 143. HUGGLES, TIMOTHy, see index to S. Adams. BUMSE7, JAMES, invents a steamboat, GW 114, JMad 69, 70. BUSH, BEUJAMTTSr, patriot leader in Pennsylvania, SA 282; connected with Conway cabal, PH 249, 250; asks J. Q. Adams if he will accept a foreign mission, JQA 68. BUSH, BICHABD, Bepublican leader in Pennsylvania, JMon 129; minister to England under Monroe, AG 334, 335, 345, JMon 134, 144, 146, 170, 171, AJ 83; secretary of treasury, AG 342, JQA 177, AJ 141, 270, MVB 160, HC i. 258; 138 INDEX OF NAMES candidate for vice-president, AJ 149. an Anti-Mason, HC i. 345, WHS 14. BTTSSSIiIi, IiOBB JOHST, interferes with Canadian taxation, MVB 351; calls Polk's claim to Oregon a " blustering announcement," HC ii. 280, JCC 264; in 1861 favors Confederate States, AL i. 371, 372, WHS 276-286, 293, CFA 147, 153; has dealings with Confederate commissioners, CFA 170, 350, WHS 284, 285; recognizes Confederate belligerency, WHS 276, 282, 284, CFA 158-170, 173-176, 198; [CFA 207; blocks attempt of United States to accede to treaty of Paris, his action in Trent affair, AL i. 383, WHS 303-314, CFA 226, 228-235, CS 209, 214; states duties of England regarding privateers, CFA 204; condemns Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 132; his action about Alabama, AL ii. 172, WHS 350-352, CFA 313, 317, 324, 357; agrees with France upon joint intervention, WHS 320-324, CFA 204, 281, 283; remonstrates against blocking Charleston harbor, WHS 341; intrigues of Confederates against, CFA 330-337; his dealings with Adams regarding the Laird rams, CFA 338-344, CS 242, 243; KtrSSELIi, JOWATHAISr, charge d'affaires at Paris, JMad 307, JMon 107; on peace commission at Grheut, AG- 312, JQA 76, 82, HC i. 101, 104; his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 296, 297, HC i. 261. BITSSEIiIi, DB. "WHiIiIAM H., correspondent of London "Times," WHS 301, CFA 161- 154, 162, 186, 231, 232. BTJTIJEDGE, BD-WABI), in continental Congress, SA 313, PH 105-108, 115, JA 78, 107, TJ 23, 31; on committee to confer with Lord Howe, BF 214-216. INDEX OF NAMES 139 BUTIiEDOE, JOHM-, member of continental Congress, PH 106, 108, 112, 117, 173, JA 107, JMar 63; member of Federal convention, GM 115, JMad 101; Governor of South Carolina, PH 228, CS 114; member of Supreme Court, GW ii. 73; his nomination for Chief Justice rejected by Senate, PH 403, GW ii. 63. ST. CIiATB, ABTHUB, serves in Revolutionary War, GW i. 208, GM 60; Grovernor of Northwest Territory, LC 44. commands against Indians and is defeated, GW ii. 94r-105, JMad 180. SANDWiUM, JOHIT MOITTAOIT, BAKIi OP, attacks Franklin in House of Lords, BF 198; caUs all Yankees cowards, GW i. 155. SANPOBD, NATHAKT, in Senate, MVB 76, 143, AJ 389; in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77; candidate for vice-president in 1824, HC i. 232. SAITTA ANNA, ANTONIO IiOFSZ DE, Mexican revolutionist, A J 416, HC ii. 285; captured at San Jacinto, MVB 358, HC ii. 90, 94; in Mexican War, HC ii. 287. SABOUANT, NATHAN, quoted on political history, AJ 137, 300, HC i. 160, 161, ii. 195, 267, JCC 40, 69. BAVAJRT r>E VALCOUIiON, see index to Gallatin. SAXTON, GENEBAI. KUPtTS, aids negroes, AL ii. 17, SPC 260. SOHBNCK, EOBBKT C, member of Congress, SPC 355, TS 70 ; minister to England, CFA 387. SCHTJBZ, CABIi, serves in War of Kebellion, AL ii. 262; reports on condition of South, CS 305, 307; 140 INDEX OF NAMES his career in Senate, MVB 118, CS 374, 385, 394, 399, 408; leads Liberal Republicans, CFA 390, 410; secretary of interior, JCC 48, 49. SOHUYIiEB, PHILIP, in continental Congress, PH 172; his military services in War of Revolution, PH 154, GW i. 136, 204, 207-209, GM 59-63, J J 57, 82, 83, 96; favors ratification of Constitution, GM 144; Federalist leader in New Tork, GM 283, JJ 206, 295; Senator from New York, AH 80, 81; candidate for Governor, JJ 82; judgments upon, AH 31, GM 64. SCOTT, JOHKT MOKTBT, Whig leader in New York, SA 280, J J 18, 68; SCOTT, SIB WrLT.TAM, effect of his admiralty decisions, JB 162, WHS 315. SCOTT, QENEBAL WDSTPIEIiD, serves in War of 1812, GM 304, CFA 9; refuses to fight a duel with Jackson, A J 64; aids reorganization of army, JCC 43; sent by Jackson to Charleston to overawe nullifiers, AJ 328, THE 91, LC 146-149; sent by Van Buren to Canadian frontier, MYB 365; serves in Seminole War, LC 163; candidate for Whig nomination in 1840, HC ii. 179, 180; his career in Mejdcan War, AG 380, HC ii. 286, 287, LC 246, AL i. 75; candidate for Whig nomination in 1848, HC ii. 306, DW 266, LC 248; candidate for President in 1852, MVB 439, HC ii. 399-403, DW 329-333, THB 305, LC 289, 291, AL i. 93, WHS 112- 114, TS 87, 88; his attitude toward secession in 1861, AL i. 192, 207, 208, 219, 220, 286; on question of reinforcing Sumter, AL i. 244, 255, WHS 232; INDEX OF NAMES 141 assembles troops to protect inauguration of Lincoln, AL i, 255, 263; has difficulties with McClellan, AL i. 310. SEABUBT, SAMXTBL, loyalist in Revolution, SA 121, J J 46; SBATOW, WTT.T.TAM "W., his career as editor of old school, AL i. 80, WHS 327, 328, CFA 67. SEDGWICK, THEODOHE, leader of Federalists in House, AG 98, 105, 106, 118, 124, 158; condemns Adams's French mission, JA 296, 298; a disunionist after 1804, AH 266. SEDQWICE, THEODOBE, at Free Trade Convention of 1831, AG- 241; SEMMES, CAPTAXET BAPHAEIi, his career with " Alabama," AL ii. 172, CFA 318. SEROEABTT, JOHW, member of Congress, HC i. 185, ii. 209; envoy to Panama Congress, HC i. 293; candidate for vice-president, AJ 248, 321, MYB 246, HC i. 367. SEBBE, HEITBI, see index to Gallatin. SEVTEJK, JOH1J-, his career as frontier leader, AJ 16, 17, THB 6. SE^TALL, JOUATHAIT, loyalist leader in Massachusetts, SA 187, JA 32. SEWABD, WUiIiIAM H., see index to volume on Seward ; member of Anti-Masonic party, MVB 167, 245, HC i. 345, TS 30, WHS 10-15; opposes alliance of Whigs and Nnlliflers, JCC 272; approves distribution of surplus, MVB 301; Governor of New York, MVB 363, WHS 20-38; his conduct in McLeod case, LC 176, CFA 165, WHS 30, 31; 142 INDEX OF NAMES aiEWASD, WUiIiIAM H. (contimied), refuses to extradite a " slave stealer," SPC 76, WHS 35- 38; in Van Zandt case, SPC 76; supports Taylor in campaign of 1848, MVB 431, CFA 99, WHS 48-59; in Senate acts as Whig partisan, SPC 115, 120; opposes compromises, 1848-1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 330, 343- 345, LC 279, 280, WHS 83-87; secures influence over Taylor, HC ii. 313, DW 291, 303, WHS 74, 75; [87-89; refers to " higher law," HC ii. 344-346, AL i. 90, WHS quarrels with Fillmore, HC ii. 355, WHS 95-97; an opponent of Fugitive Slave Law, CS 121, 127; rights against Nebraska Bill, LC 299, SPC 145, CS 97, WHS 119, 121-130; insists on Free-Soil in Kansas, CS 137, WHS 159-161, 166, 178; [164; denonnces Brooks's attack on Sumner, CS 148, WHS 163, not a candidate for Republican nomination in 1856, SPC 160, CFA 108, WHS 143-145; makes speech on " irrepressible conflict," SPC 180, CS 170, WHS 186, 190, 191; reward offered for his head in Virginia, CS 174; candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 166- 172, SPC 160, 184-194, CFA 108, 114, TS 112, WHS 194-201; does not think threats of secession are serious, CS 178, WHS 192; adopts conciliatory attitude, AL i. 197, CFA 126, WHS 221, 222; favors compromise, AL i. 231, SPC 200-202, CFA 150, 151, CS 185, 190, 191, WHS 211, 212, 216-217; secretary of state, AL i. 234, 237, 238, SPC 197, 200, WHS 213-215; has dealings with Confederate commissioners, AL i. 238- 240, 246, WHS 237-262; INDEX OF NAMES 143 opposes reinforcement of Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, SPC 207, CFA 127, WHS 233-235, 241-243; his relations with Lincoln, AL i. 250, 276, 279, 280, SPC 309, WHS 229, 261, 262, 295; presents to Lincoln " thoughts " involving foreign war, AL i. 276-278, SPC 210, CFA 167, 168, 179-193, WHS 254- 260; States objects of war to foreign powers, CS 197, WHS 266, 267; advocates blockade to close Southern ports, AL i. 284, WHS 269; distrusted in England, CFA 164, 233, CS 208, 216; his attitude toward England, AL i. 371-375, ii. 171, 172, CFA 157, 165-167, 286, WHS 279, 286; tries to secure adhesion of United States to treaty of Paris, CFA 203, 205, WHS 289-291; declines to permit England and France act in union, CFA 205,WHS 277,278; his attitude during Trent afCair, AL i. 382-385, CFA 226- 236, CS 209, 214, WHS 301-318; urges anti-slavery action, SPC 265; suggests deferring emancipation proclamation, AL ii. 115, SPC 268, 269, WHS 336; attempt of radicals to force out of Cabinet, AL ii. 176-178, SPC 302, CS 236, WHS 328-333; opposition to, in Congress, AL ii. 213, 287; sends warlike dispatches to Adams, CFA 174-179, 322, WHS 279; his policy regarding privateers, CFA 171, 322, WHS 348- 352; wishes to issue letters of marque, CS 240; his instructions to Adams about Laird rams, CFA 337, 338; rejects French offer of mediation, AL ii. 173, CFA 284- 286, WHS 325, 326; confers with Confederate peace commmissioners, AL ii. 306, 329; attempt to assassinate, AL ii. 350, WHS 364; 144 INDEX OF NAMES SEWABD, WHiLIAK H. {continued), favors Johnson's reconstruction policy, CS 295, TS 325, WHS 388, 389; his influence over Johnson, TS 246, 281, WHS 381; loses popularity under Johnson, SFC 362, CS 362; negotiates concerning Alabama claims, CS 342; negotiates purchase of St. Thomas, CS 361, WHS 393, 394; relations with contemporaries, MVB 369, SPC 80, 124, 125, 203, 207, 290, 301, 302, CFA 143-145, 352, 355, CS 89; judgments upon, GM 45, MVB 118-123, HC ii. 347, THB 141, 263, LC 234, SPC 113, 176, 177, 304, 429, 431, 432. SETIIOUB, HOKATIO, member of Albany Regency, MVB 112; Governor of New York in Civil War, AL ii. 124; opposes draft, AL ii. 186, 196, 197; Democratic candidate for President in 1868, SPC 367, 368. SHAWWOM", WHSOIT, envoy to Mexico, JCC 274; his career as Governor of Kansas Territory, LC 317, 324, WHS 156, CS 134; BHEFFrBLD, JOHIT B. HOHBOYD, EAKL OF, considers Jay treaty a defeat for England, GM 285, JJ 279, AG 117. SHELBUBirai, WHiLIAM PETTY, EiEL OP, friendly to colonists, BF 147; secretary for colonial affairs, BF 147-151; keeps up relations with Franklin during War of Bevolution, BF 271, 365; in Rockingham's cabinet, BF 365, JA 210; [150; sends Oswald to open negotiations, BF 365, JA 210, JJ unwilling to admit independence at outset, BF 367, 372, JA 211, 212, J J 156; his rivalry with Fox, BF 366, 370, 372, JA 211; becomes prime minister, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 154; secretly visited by Rayneval, JJ 172-174; yields recognition of independence at Jay's suggestion, BF 376, 377, JA 213, JJ 173, 176; INDEX OF NAMES 145 wishes United States to compensate loyalists, BF 381, 382, J J 192; driven out of office, BF 383, JJ 197; SHSLIiABABaEB, SAMUEIi, member of Congress, AL i. 297, TS 264. 8HBBIDAIT, GEMEKAL PHILIP H., his career in War of Bebellion, GM 45; see index to Lincoln. SHEBMATf, JOHIf, member of Congress, TS 97, CFA 109, 110; on commission to investigate Kansas, LC 317; member of Senate, AL i. 296, CS 219, 261, 262, 328, 333; supports Grant against Sumner, CS 364, 395; judgments upon, GM 89, TS 144. 8HEBMATT. BOQEB, Whig leader in Connecticut, SA 280; in continental Congress, SA 309, PH 108, GW i. 220, GM 62; opposes appointment of Washington, JA 95; advocates independence, SA 309, 313, JA 123, TJ 29. member of Federal convention, JMad 103, 130; member of Congress, JMad 140. SHEBMAW, GENEBAIi 'WIX.I.IA.M TECUMSSH, judgment on, GM 45, see index to Lincoln. SHUUiET, •WT TT.T.TA TVr Governor of Massachusetts, SA 15; proposes colonial union, BF 46-49; commander of forces in French and Indian War, BF 54, 66, SA 31, GW i. 91, 97; favors passage of Stamp Act, SA 71. SHOET, •WTT. T.TATVr minister to Holland, GW ii. 166, GM 244; on Mississippi commission, GW ii. 166. SIOKr."RS, SAirXEil, E., Democratic leader in New Tork, LC 270; threatens secession of New York city, AL i. 197; serves in Civil War, SPC 229; 146 INDEX OF NAMES commands in South Carolina after war, TS 251, 252, SPC 343. SIiIDSt.Ii, JOEIf, envoy to Mexico, HC ii. 276, 277; has difficulty oyer form of his commission, HC ii. 277, 283; compliments Brooks after his attack on Sumner, CS 147; plots secession in 1860, WHS 209; Confederate envoy to France, captured from " Trent," AL i. 380, 381, 385, WHS 297, 298, 318, CFA 211-239, CS 208, 209; intrigues to secure escape of Laird rams by overthrowing Kussell, CFA 324r-337, 347-351; secures influence over Napoleon III., CFA 326, 330; remains in England after war, CFA 350. SMII.IS, JOHIT, opposes ratification of Constitution, AG 35-37; Democratic leader in Pennsylvania, AG 37, 38, 43, 44, 54; connected with whiskey rebellion, AG 52, 69; member of Congress, JR 98-101, 209. SMITH, CAliEB B., makes bargain with Lincoln managers at Republican con- vention of 1860, AL i. 170, WHS 201; secretary of interior, AL i. 234, WHS 230; opposes relieving Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233. SMITH, GEBBIT, leader of extreme abolitionists, MYB 428, SFC 96; signs " Address of Independent Democrats," SFC 139, CS 106. SMITH, JEBEMIAH, see index to Webster. SMITH, MELAWCTON, leads opposition to ratification of Constitution, in New York Convention, AH 70, 72, 75, JJ 231, 232. SMITH, BOBEBT, secretary of state, JMad 274, JR 233; his inefaciency, JMad 278, JR 109; negotiates with Napoleon, JMon 283, 284; INDEX OF NAMES 147 tries to bieak down Gallatin, AG 295, HC i. 64; forced out of Cabinet, AG 296, 297, JMon 107. SMITH, SrDNBT, quoted, DW 188, THB 195. SMITH, SAMUUL, leads Maryland troops against whiskey rebellion, AG 88; member of House, JB 40; in election of 1800, AG 164; his career in Senate, AG 162, JB 189, 190, 206, 207, AJ 284, MVB 131; his inexplicable influence over Jefferson and Madison, AG 164; an enemy of Gallatin, JB 233, 236. SOUIi^, FIESRE, in Senate, HC ii. 330, 360, SPC 148; connected with Ostend manifesto, LC 313, 314. SOUTH A TCP, SAMTTBIi Ii., secretary of navy, JMon 130, JQA 177, HC i. 258; opponent of Jackson in the Senate, HC ii. 37, 69, 102, 136. SPABTTS, JAHED, quoted, GW ii. 237, 238, AH 296, JJ 185, JMar 234, JMon 70. 8PSNCEB, AlVrRHOSE, leader in New York politics, J J 288, MVB 23, 48-51; in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77; describes Hamilton as a lawyer, AH 273; ascribes Clay's defeat in 1844 to Liberty party, HC ii. 265. SPEWOEB, JOHIT O., appointed by New York to investigate Morgan case, AJ 290, MVB 174, 175; nominated by Anti-Masons on New York electoral ticket, MVB 246. STAEIi, TWATIATWBl DE, her relations with various American statesmen, GM 154, 155, 173-177, 214, 264, 266, 275, 276, AG 320, 325, HC i. 124. 148 INDEX OF NAMES STABTTOW, EDWIN M., attorney-general under Buchanan, AL i. 198, WHS 209; forces Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina commis- sioner, AL i. 200; appointed secretary of war by Lincoln, AL i. 326; his relations with Lincoln, AL i. 326, 327, SPC 266, 307; his conduct of War Department, AL i. 309, 328, 336, 343, 344, ii. 32, 53, 62, 63, 81, 168, 281, 287, 343, SPC 263, 331; praises Wilkes's action in Trent affair, AL i. 381; wishes immediate issue of Emancipation Proclamation, WHS 336, TS 183; his assassination planned in 1865, AL ii. 350; in Johnson's Cabinet, TS 277, SPC 295; favors Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, TS 241 ; suit of Georgia against, SPC 349; struggle between Johnson and Senate over his removal, TS 329-332, CS 346-348, SPC 358; candidate for Supreme Court, SPC 430; relations with contemporaries, AL ii. 239, 240, 277, SPC 293, 300. STAliTTOir, FKEDEKIC P., secretary of Kansas Territory, WHS 175, 176, CS 168. STAKE, JOKBr, serves in Revolutionary War, PH 240, GW i. 181, GM 60. STEPHEBT, ADAM, Whig leader in Virginia, PH 151; in Eevolutionary War, GW i. 199; favors ratification of Constitution, PH 335. STEPHENS, AIiEXAlTDEB H., member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 70, JCC 313; considers Clay an enemy to South, HC ii. 297, 323; considers compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii. 342,375; writes manifesto against agitation, CS 87; secures passage of Kansas-Nebraska Act through House, WHS 130; INDEX OF NAMES 149 opposes secession of Greorgia, AL i. 183, 187, WHS 205; yice-president of Confederate States, AL i. 205; appealed to by Lincoln in 1861, AL i. 210, 211, CS 182; thinks secession will ruin North, CS 181; attempts to treat for peace, AL ii. 152, 153, 305. BTSUBSIf, BABOir, recommended to Washington by Franklin, BF 246; his services in War of Revolution, GW i. 232, 249, 343, JMar23; Washington's opinion of, GW i. 142, 249, ii. 334. STEVENS, THADDETJS, an Anti-Mason, HC i. 346, TS 29-33, 46; joins Whig party, A J 445, TS 51-53, 56; opposes any compromise in 1861, SPC 203, TS 125-127, 148; votes to orgranize Territories without mentioning slavery, MVB 438, WHS 221; leader of House during war, AL i. 297, SPC 234, CFA 109, TS 138-353; causes increase in Chase's estimates for taxation, SFC 239; opposes national banks, SPC 277; opposes compensated emancipation, AL ii. 22, TS 216, 217; his theory of effect of secession on status of South, AL ii. 109, TS 188, 191, 200-202, 229, 230; discards legal fictions in speaking of admission of West Virginia, AL ii. 181, TS 190, 191; his attitude toward Lincoln, AL ii. 247, 265, TS 186, 192, 193, 326; slow to oppose Johnson, CS 295-300, TS 257, 258; his theory of reconstruction, WHS 380, TS 261, 262; denounced by Johnson, CS 314, TS 265, 281; favors fourteenth amendment, CS 310, 316, TS 260, 271; supports negro suffrage, SPC 370, TS 263, 275-277; presents articles of impeachment against Johnson, SFC 360; distrusts Chase in impeachment trial, SFC 360; judgments on, GM 45, THB 262, SFC 430. 150 INDEX OF NAMES STEVEBTSOIT, ABTDBE^T, member of Congress, AJ 241; presides over Democratic national conTention, AJ 442, MVB 258; minister to England, DW 242, 246, LC 176, 182. STEELnSTG, -WTLLIAM ALEXAJSTDER, EABIi OF, serves in Revolutionary War, GW i. 165, JJ 45, JMon 10- 12, 15. STOBY, JOSEPH, member of Massachusetts constitutional convention, DW 108, 112; an Anti-Mason, AJ 294, WHS 14; his career as member of Supreme Court, AJ 423, 424, 427, MVB 19, DW 76, 84, 90, 93, 94; supports Jackson against Nnllifiers, JMar 255; his opinion on various statesmen, JJ 262, JMar 164r-167, 169, JCC 59, DW 99, 101, 102, 113, 114, 151; relations with contemporaries, HC i. 257, DW 104, 105, 124, 134, 250, SPC 19, 77, CS 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 24, 30, 60. STRACHET, SETSTKT, aids Oswald in peace negotiations of 1782, BF 377, JA 214, 217, JJ 181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 193, 194. STBON G, JUDGE WTLLIAM, see index to Chase. STUABT, OILBEBT, his portraits of statesmen, GW i. 13, AG 386, JR 159. STTLIjrVAIir, JAMES, Governor of Massachusetts, JR 231, DW 29. SUIiIiIVAir, JOHH, in continental Congress, PH 108, 110; receives pension from Luzerne, J J 145; carries Howe's conciliatory offer to Congress, BF 214; his career in Revolutionary War, GW i. 165, 180, 197, 198, 243, 244, 266, 269, JJ 84. SUMN EB, CHABLES, anti-slavery Whig leader, MVB 273, CFA 50, 51, 83, 100, CS 34-58; INDEX OF NAMES 151 has oontxoversy with Winthrop, CFA 78, CS 46-48; joins Free-SoUers in campaign of 1848, MVB 432, CS 58- 63; elected to Senate, HC ii. 405, WHS 101, SPC 114, CS 80- 86; signs "Address of Independent Democrats," WHS 119, SPC 138, CS 106; his speech on " The Crime against Kansas," LC 318, 319, WHS 159, 162, 163, CS 138-142; has controversy with Cass and Douglas, LC 319, 320, CS 140-144; assaulted by Brooks, LC 320, AL i. 99, WHS 163, 164, SPC 186, CS 146-155; in 1861 opposes any compromise, CFA 130, 134, 150, CS 189-193; votes to organize Territories without excluding slavery, MVB 438, WHS 221; thinks it possible to stifle secession at outset, CFA 128; leader in Senate during war, AL i. 296; urges surrender of Mason and Slidell, WHS 301, 302, 308, 315, CFA 233, CS 209-216; opposes issue of legal tender notes, TS 170, CS 220; introduces reconstruction resolutions, WHS 368, CS 259; becomes a bitter opponent of Johnson, WHS 383, TS 265, CS 314, 323, 331, 337; advocates negro suffrage, SPC 370, CS 203-400; favors purchase of Alaska, WHS 393, CS 338-340; urges indirect Alabama claims, CFA 380, 385, 388, CS 365- 368; his share in impeachment trial of Johnson, TS 345, CS 349, 350; opposes reelection of Grant, CFA 390, CS 411-417; relations with contemporaries, SPC 98, 113, 321, 422, CFA 105; his theory of origin of Monroe doctrine, JMon 174; judgments on, GM 45, MVB 118, TS 128, SPC 67, 119, 134, 430. 152 INDEX OF NAMES SUMITEB, GEBTEBAL EDWIN V., see index to Lincoln. SVTAHTWOUT, JOHBT, friend of Burr, JMar 204, 206, MVB 61. swAKTWOtrr, samctei., one of Jackson's managers, A J 118, 135; an ofBce seeker in 1829, MVB 208; his defalcation as collector of New York, AJ 453, 454, MVB 208, 364, HC ii. 184. SWATNE, JUSQE NOAH H., see index to Chase. TAJiIiETBAm), CHABtiEB MAUBIOB DE, his career in French Revolution, GM 173, 177, 178, 240; refused reception by Washington, GW ii. 253; his part in XTZ afEair, JA 277, 287, 288, JMar 104^-126, TJ 167, AG 149; makes report to Napoleon, on death of Washington, GW ii; makes advances for reconciliation with United States, JA 288, 294, 299, AH 213, TJ 171, AG 152, 163; his part in Louisiana sale, JMon 79, 81, 84, 88, 91; appealed to by Monroe to aid in purchase of West Florida, JMon 98, JR 161, 163; minister to England in 1832, MVB 227; judgments on, GM 191, 192, 214, TJ 169. TAIiIiMADGE, JAMES, see index to Clay. TAHET, BOGEB B., attorney-general under Jackson, AJ 212, MVB 199, HC i. 348, LC 137; favors removal of deposits, A J 364, HC ii. 29; appointed secretary of treasury, AJ 364, MVB 256, HC ii. 29; removes deposits from Bank, AG 269, 270, AJ 357-360, HC ii. 29, DW 220, THB 116, LC 154; sends his reasons to Congress, AG 270, AJ 360, 361, HC ii. 30, 32; INDEX OF NAMES 153 his appointment to Treasury Department, rejected by Senate, AJ 362, HC ii. 44, THB 117; appointed CHef Justice, AG 270, AJ 362, 424, HC ii. 44; his decision in Dred Seott ease, MVB 446, 447, THB 317, AL i. lOa-104, WHS 170, 171, 179, 181; administers oath of office to Lincoln, AT. i. 220; defied by Lincoln in Merryman case, AL i. 287, 288, WHS 293, SPC 326, 327; his death, SPC 320, 324, CS 278; vindictiveness of anti-slavery men toward, CS 278. TAJCIiSTOlSr, SIB BAKTASTBE!, his career in Revolutionary War, PH 188, GW i. 317, GM 214, HC i. 3, THB 7; nearly captures Virginia legislature, PH 279, 280, TJ 59, 60; TATLOB, JOHW "W., in New York politics, MVB 76, HC i. 177, 179. TAYliOB, GENEBAIi ZACHAET, ordered to bring on war with Mexico, HC ii. 274-283, JCC 274, LC 231, WHS 61, CS 45; his career in Mexican war, HC ii. 286, 287, LC 246, 247, AL i. 75; becomes candidate for presidency, MVB 426, 430, HC ii. 294r-299, DW 265, LC 247, 248, WHS 48, CFA 85; nominated by Whigs, MVB 430, HC ii. 305-308, DW 266, 288, LC 248, AL i. 78, 79, WHS 49, 51, SPC 96, CFA 88, CS57; opposition to, among Whigs, HC ii. 308-310, DW 267, 287, LC 241, 250, WHS 73, 74, CFA 89; supported by Southern Democrats, HC ii. 309,314, LC 260, 261; elected President, MVB 431, HC ii. 313, 314, DW 267, THB 291, WHS 55; his inauguration and Cabinet, HC ii. 321, LC 267; urges California and New Mexico to form state constitu- tions, HC ii. 321, 322, THB 293, LC 267, 268, AL i. 88, WHS 66, CS 69; 154 INDEX OF NAMES opposes Clay's compromise measures, HC ii. 352, LC 281, WHS 77, 93; demands admission of California, HC ii. 326-328, 351, DW 291, 292, 302, JCC 334, WHS 69; sends agent to Hungary, HC ii. 392, DW 324; denounced by South, HC ii. 328, WHS 74, SPC 120; defies Southern threats, HC ii. 351, 352, WHS 69, 89, 94, 95; his death, HC ii. 355, DW 324, THB 299, LC 282, WHS 93-96, SPC 129, CPA 102, CS 72; judgments upon, MVB 463, HC u. 363, DW 303, THB 10, 237, 293, LC 282, WHS 76. TAZEWELL, LITTLETON "W., at Virginia bar, JMar 169; an " old Republican," JR 197, 219, 236; in Senate, DW 161; candidate for State Department under Jackson, MVB 180; in Virginia constitutional convention, JMar 240. TECUMSEH, plans to unite Northern and Southern Indians, AJ 36, 37, LC57; defeated at Tippecanoe, LC 58; killed at battle of Thames, AJ 42, HC i. 105, THB 7, LC 86, 87. TIOACHEB, OXEI93IlIDaE, Massachusetts Whig leader, SA 38, 49, 134, PH 82. THOMAS, OENEBAL GEOBQE H., his career in Civil War, GM 45, 283, THB 287, AL ii. 40, 164-166, 300, 301. THOMAS, PHILIP F., in Buchanan's Cabinet, AL i. 198, 200, WHS 208. THOMPSOIf, JACOB, secretary of interior under Buchanan, LC 329, 348, AL i. 188; aids secessionists, LC 340, AL i. 188; resigns, AL i. 200, WHS 209. INDEX OF NAMES 165 THOMPSOW, SMITH, secretary of navy, JMon 130; his career in New York state politics, MYB 42, 44, 166; member of Supreme Court, JMon 138, AJ 423. THOMPSOBT, WADDT, opponent of J. Q. Adams in Congress, JQA 259, 268, 271, 274, 277; moves to annex Texas, JCC 232. THOMSOIf, CHAIIX.SS, secretary of continental Congress, SA 282, PH 104, 105, 107-109, GW ii. 350, JJ 121. THOKWTOir, SIK ED"WABD, British minister to United States, CFA 388, CS 373. TICKNOK, GEOBQE, referred to, J Mon 65, DW 114^116, 178, TS 13-15, CS 74. THiDElf, SAMDEL J., member of Albany Regency, MVB 112, a Barnburner in 1848, MVB 416, 424, 425, HC ii. 311, LC 253; favors reorganization of Democratic party, SPC 365; loses leadership of Democrats in 1880, MVB 412. TOMPKIirS, DAKXEL D., his career in New York state politics, JJ 298, MVB 45, 60, 64, WHS 7; [190; vice-president, JMon 128, AJ 92, MVB 66, 72, 73, HC i. in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77; candidate for President, JQA 149, MVB 74; discredited by financial difficulties, AJ 92, 93, MVB 68, 73; judgment on, MVB 173. - TOOMBS, KOBERT, member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 70, 97; considers compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii. 375; applauds Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 146, 147; offers bill to regulate Kansas, WHS 165; demands acquisition of Cuba, WHS 188; plans secession in 1860, AL i. 186, 204, WHS 216. 156 INDEX OF NAMES TOITCET, ISAAC, secretary of navy under Buchanan, LC 328, AL i. 187. TOWITSHEIirD, CHATCIiES, proposes colonial taxation, BF 104; Chancellor of Exchequer, BF 147; opposes claims of colonies, BF 116, SA 88; proposes revenue customs duties, BF 149, 150, SA 89; proposes to discipline New York, BF 160, SA 89; his death, BF 151, SA 91. TKACET, UHIAH, Federalist leader in House, AG 98, 119, 120; in Senate, JQA 68, JK 141, HC i. 48. TBOUP, GEOHGB M., in Congress, DW 47; as Governor of Georgia, defies United States regarding Creek lands, AJ 222; denounces tarifE but opposes disanion, AJ 256. TKOUP, KOBBBT, his relations with Federalist leaders, AH 10, 83, GM 279, JJ 56, 319. TRUMBTTIiIi, LTMATT, his legal career in Illinois, AL i. 68; elected to Senate, AL i. 96-98, 296; his career in Senate during war and reconstruction, AL ii. 14, CS 137, 200, 308, 395; votes against impeachment of Johnson, TS 345, CS 398; opposes Grant's reelection, CFA 390, CS 410. TRYOW, WILLIAM, royal governor of New York, GW i. 143, GM 37, 38; works against Whigs, GW i. 158, 160, JJ 45, 60; leads British raids in Connecticut, GW i. 269. TUCK, AMOS, member of Congress, SPC 114, CS 55. TUBQOT, A. B. J., opposes French aid to colonies on grronnds of expense, BF 227, 228, 319, JJ 132, 133, AH 27. INDEX OF NAMES 157 TtTENEK, WAT, his insurrection, CS 38, HC ii. 74. TTTYL, BABOIT, negotiations of Adams with, JQA 131, JMon 172. TTIiEB, JOHN, in Virginia politics after Revolution, PH 281, 282, 290, JMad 57, 58; opposes ratification of Constitution, FH 320. TYLEK, JOHBT, supports Clay in 1824, HC i. 257, 279; describes Kitchen Cabinet, A J 324; Senator from Virginia, JR 299, HC ii. 69; opposes Force BiU, HC ii. 17, THE 94; mediates between Calhoun and Clay, AJ 338; reports in favor of Bank, A J 368, 375; refuses to vote for expunging resolutions and resigns, AJ 366, HC ii. 100, THE 214; candidate for vice-president in 1836, AJ 449, MVB 260, HC ii. 98; nominated for vice-president in 1839, HC ii. 174, 181, THE 211; succeeds Harrison, MVE 402, HC ii. 198, DW 243, THE 210; his political principles, HC ii. 200, 201, THE 210, LC 210; his relations with Whig party, HC ii. 200, 202, 203, THE 213; doubtful about a Eank, HC ii. 203, THE 225; vetoes first Eank Bill, HC ii. 206, DW 244, THE 226; attacked by Whigs, HC ii. 208, 209, DW 244, THE 276; vetoes second Bank Bill after authorizing it, HC ii. 209- 211, 214, DW 244, THE 227; repudated by Whigs, HC ii. 213-217, DW 251, THE 227; vetoes tariff bills, HC ii. 226, 227; various other acts as President, AG 278, HC ii. 205, 211, 237, 279, THE 214, 228; his part in McLeod affair, THE 240; aids in nrging Ashbnrton treaty, LC 188, 190; 158 INDEX OF NAMES TYIiEB, JOHN {continued), urges annexation of Texas, HC ii. 236-238, 249, 271, JCC 224, 232, 236, 250, THE 266, 271, 272, LC 211, 224, WHS 44, CS 41; offers State Department to Calhoun, HC ii. 241, JCC 226; has presidential ambitions, HC ii. 253, THE 227, 282, LC 210; suggests annexation of Texas by joint resolution, HC ii. 260, 273, JCC 245, 246, 253, THE 36, WHS 61, CS 42; judgments on, AJ 456, MVB 402, 403, HC ii. 215, 216, THE 212, SPC 87. UPSHUH, ABBIi P., secretary of state under Tyler, HC ii. 237, JCC 224, LC 211; urges annexation of Texas, HC ii. 238, 239, JCC 224, CS 42; unable to promise Texas military support, HC 239, JCC 225; says slavery will be extinguished in Texas if it be not annexed, JCC 236; his death, HC ii. 240. VAJiIiAJVCIQEAM, CIiBMENT Xi., counsel for slave-catchers, SFC 168; member of Congress in 1861, AL i. 297, WHS 218, 230, SPC 199, CFA 110; denounces the war and tries to hinder it, AL ii. 185, 186, TS 144, 196, 197; arrested, tried and sent South, AL ii. 187, SFC 300; his case comes before Supreme Court, SPC 327; candidate for Governor of Ohio, AL ii. 188, 192; at Democratic national convention of 1864, AL ii. 279; favors Chase's nomination in 1868, SPC 367; judgments upon, GM 312, AL ii. 190, 191; VAJff BUBElir, JOHW, leads Eamburners, MVB 416-425, HC ii. 312; rejoins Democratic party, MVB 435, 439, CFA 98; his relations with Chase, SFC 367. INDEX OF NAMES 159 VAN BITHEir, MATCTDf, special prosecatot in Hull court martial, LC 83; leader of Albany regency, AJ 111, WHS 8, MVB 111; develops spoils system in New York, THB 73, MVB 50, 53, 57, 68, 75; nominated for yice-president in Georgia, AJ 107; manages Republican caucus to nominate Crawford, AG 357, 358, AJ 110, 130, MVB 95, 105; in campaign of 1824 works for Crawford, HC i. 230, 233, THB 55, MVB 107-116; becomes manager for Jackson, JQA 192, JR 285, AJ 129, 130, HC i. 280, MVB 154, 158; founds a new party, JR 285, AJ 131-133, 135, DW 146, MVB 118, 153, 178; [146; asserts principles of States' rights, AJ 139, MVB 128, 145, in Senate leads attack on Adams's administration, JR 286, HC i. 273, MVB 126-128, 161; Governor of New York, HC i. 343, MVB 165, 168-175; secretary of state under Jackson, AJ 182, 187, HC i. 330, MVB 172-222; rival of Calhoun for succession to Jackson, AJ 181, 193, JCC 86, MVB 174, 180; his relations with Jackson, AJ 196, 201, HC i. 366, MVB 190, 206, 206, 254, 255; his relations with Kitchen Cabinet, THB 166, MVB 207; discussion of his responsibility for introduction of spoils sys- tem into federal government, HC i. 368, ii. 185, LC 139, MVB 137-140, 207, 214, 216; his instructions to McLane, AJ 210, HC i. 367, DW 205, MVB 219-222; his attitude in Eaton affair, AJ 196, HC i. 366, 367, JCC 85, LC 136, MVB 183, 184; visits Crawford in Jackson's interest, AJ 198, MVB 157; planned for by Elitchen Cabinet as Jackson's successor, AJ 200, 211, THB 87, MVB 234, 254; takes no part in quarrel of Jackson and Calhoun, AJ 206, JCC 86, MVB 185, 187; 160 INDEX OF NAMES VAN BUHEIT, MATCTUf (continued), resigns in 1831, AJ 209, LC 136, MVB 194, 197; appointed minister to England, JMar 256, AJ 210, HC i. 367, MVB 223-229; his nomination rejected by Senate, AJ 210, HC i. 367-369, DW 205, 206, THB 165, MVB 230-234; nominated for vice-president, AJ 317, 318, 321, THB 89, MVB 237-243, 247; opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346, 347, MVB 249, 250; votes to exclude abolition matter from mails, HC ii. 86, THB 151, MVB 277, 278, 404; appealed to by Clay melodramatically, HC ii. 38, 39, MVB 253; nominated for President, AJ 442, HC ii. 96, MVB 259; his letters as candidate, AJ 442, 448, MVB 265-269; elected in 1836, AJ 448, HC i. 98, 130, THB 163-166, MVB 278-281; his administration pays penalty for Jackson's errors, AJ 450, HC ii. 172, 173, 186, DW 230; inaugurated, AJ 452, HC ii. 130, JCC 118, MVB 283-286; does not foresee panic, THB 170, MVB 286; his behavior during panic, THB 174, MVB 325, 345; refuses to rescind specie circular, HC ii. 131, MVB 314; calls extra session of Congress, HC ii. 131, 133, MVB 321; his recommendations, HC ii. 133-135, THB 175, MVB 326-333; urges sub-treasury plan, JCC 183, MVB 331, 377; denounced by Whigs, THB 175, 203, LC 156, MVB 334, 336, 346, 368, 369, 384, 385, 388-390; his prudent policy in Caroline affair, THB 239, MVB 354, 355; renominated in 1840, HC ii. 103, MVB 379; defeated in election, HC ii. 189, THB 166, 207, 208, MVB 390, 391, CFA 42; argues with Clay to exclude Texas issue in 1844, HC ii. 244, 247, THB 264, MVB 400, 405; INDEX OF NAMES 161 plots of Southerners against, JCC 214, 215, LC 216, MVB 404r-411; his chances damaged by Jackson's Texas letter, AJ 458, THB 265, LC 212, 213; loses nomination, AJ 460, HC ii. 251, 252, JCC 243, THB 275, LC 217, 218, WHS 44; leader of Barnburners in New York, HC ii. 304, LC 240, MVB 416-421, SPC 96; nominated for President by Barnburners at Utica, HC ii. 311, LC 251, MVB 425-427, CFA 90, 91; nominated by Free-Soilers at Buffalo, HC ii. 312, LC 253, WHS 49, MVB 428, SPC 100, 101, CFA 91, CS 59; execrated in South, LC 307, MVB 430; faUs to attract support of anti-slavery Whigs, HC ii. 313, DW 287, MVB 431, CFA 97, 99; vote for, in election of 1848, HC ii. 314, THB 292, LC 256, 259, 260, MVB 431, 432, SPC 102, CFA 92, 95, 99; relations with contemporaries, AG 349, HC ii. 243, 244, THB 170; judgments on, JQA 193, A J 251, 450,452, HC ii. 129, 130, THB 163, 166, LC 204, 205, SPC 9, 87, CFA 43, 96; his views on tariff, AJ 239, 251, MVB 99, 103, 142, 243, 249, 401; opinions on Bank, AJ 285, 316, MVB 244, 251, 267, 328, 329; his attitude on abolition in District of Columbia, HC ii. 230, THB 167, MVB 274, 286, 429. VAN TSTESa, WILLIAM P., a supporter of Burr, JR 113, MVB 17, 43. VAJSr SCHAACK, PBTEB, see index to Jay. VAUQHAIT, BEWJAMIBr, sent by Shelbume to Paris, BF 372, JJ 154; carries Jay's message to Shelburne, BF 376, J J 172-175; his further connection with treaty of 1783, BF 381, JJ 178, 190, 191. 162 INDEX OF NAMES VEEGEmSTES, CHABLES GKAVTEB, COMTE DE, predicts indepeudence of colonies, BF 83 ; urges that France aid colonies, BF 227, 229, JJ 131-134; his relations with Deane and Beaumarchais, BF 229, JJ 134; [290; aims to avoid war with England, BF 230-234, 250-252, makes treaty of aUiance, BF 274, 285, JJ 135-137; considers the accession of Spain necessary to success, JJ 107-110, 161, 162, 179; aids United States by loans and gifts, BF 325, 328, 333, 360, 361, GW i. 332, JA 174; refuses to treat with England separately, BF 364, J J 200; secretly opposes recognition of United States by Holland, JA 190-193; his attitude toward England and United States during peace negotiations, BF 368, 370, 373, JA 201, 203, JJ 126, 160, 153, 196; works against American claims, BF 378, JA 159-161, 209, 213, 214, ,GM 105, JJ 126, 129, 130, 132, 137-147, 159, 160, 163, i67, 169, 170, 177, 190, 191; his opinion on the treaty as concluded, BF 383-387, JA 218, 219, JJ 194, 196, 199, 200; his policy discussed, BF 252, 393-396, JA 155, 156, 161, GM 105, JJ 132, 133, 161, 162; his dealings with Washington and Jefferson, GW i. 329, 330, TJ 71; his relations with Arthur Lee, BF 290, 291; unfriendly with Adams, BF 360, 379, JA 168-170, 182- 188, 204-207, 228; on good terms with Franklin, BF 345, 352, 362, 378, 393, 398, JJ 160, 161, 184; his relations with Jay, BF 373, 375, JJ 160, 161. VEBPLABTCK, ftTT T.TATT C, introduces tarifB bill in 1832, HC ii. 8, 12-14, LC 151. VICTORIA, QUEEN, her coronation, LC 170, CS 22; moderates English anger in Trent affair, WHS 249. INDEX OF NAMES 163 VOLTAIEE, FBAir90I3 MATCTT! AKODBT DB, his relations with American statesmen, BF 288, 289, AG 78. VOW HOLST, H. O., his opinions quoted or discussed, JQA 213, MVB 325, 406, HC ii. 107, DW 172, 305, 347, LC 185. ■WADE, BEHTJAMTTT P., anti-slavery Whig in Ohio, SPC 84; elected to Senate, HC ii. 405, WHS 101, SPC 113, CS 89; his career in Senate, AL i. 296, WHS 188, 221, SPC 117, 145, 146, 234, CS 280; rival of Chase in Ohio, SPC 114, 184r-194; opposes Lincohi bitterly, AL ii. 104, WHS 370, CS 27; obliged to suppori; him in 1864, AL ii. 265; leads opposition to Johnson, TS 246, CS 295, 325, 349; judgments upon, SPC 119, 148, CS 349. ■WADE, ED'WAKD, signs "Address to Independent Demoorats," SPC 138, CS 106. WAD3"WOKTH, GElfEBAL JAMES S., referred to, HC ii. 312, AL ii. 34, 40. "WAIiKEK, KOBEBT J., presents petitions for annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92; leads annexationists in Democratic convention of 1844, MVB 408, 409; succeeds in carrying Texas annexation resolution throngh Senate, HC ii. 272; secretary of treasury under Polk, SPC 216; governor of Kansas, LC 325, WHS 172, 173; [174; gains confidence of Free State men, LC 325, WHS 173, refuses to sanction Lecompton constitution, WHS 175; counsel in suit of Mississippi vs Johnson, SPC 348. ■WALPOLE, THOMAS, see index to Franklin. WABD, SAMITEIi, Whig leader in Bhode Island, SA 309; in continental Congress, FH 105, 112, 171. 164 INDEX OP NAMES WABBEH-, JAMES, see index to S. Adams. WABKEIT, JOSEPH, see index to S. Adams. WASHBTTBlfE, EIitHXT B., a friend of Lincoln, AL i. 97, 210, 214; in Congress, AL i. 297, TS 259, 315, CPA 110; his career as minister to France, GM 223, JMon 52, 54; secretary of state, CS 363. WASHHTGTOIT, BtTSHROD, his education, GW ii. 370, JMon 5, 9; refused an appointment by Washington, GW ii. 62; appointed Justice of Supreme Court, JMar 129, 136; persuades Marshall to write " Life of Washington," JMar 228-233; in Dartmouth College case, DW 80, 84, 87, 93. WASHnfGTOW, GEOBGE, his birthplace, JMar 2, JMon 4; [132; Whig leader in Virginia, PH 151, 152, 176, GW i. 119-127, member of continental Congress, PH 99, 101, 102, JA 84, GW i. 128-132, 134; appointed commander-in-chief, SA 302, 305, JA 94-97, GM 37, 40, GW i. 134; slow to desire independence, SA 310, GM 28, GW i. 119, 130, 131, 159, 160; his military career in War of Revolution, BP 209, 267, PH 157, 221, 236, 236, 240, 241, AH 14, GM 41, 75, 100, JJ 55, 60, 66, 74, 75, 85, JMar 18, 20, T J 28, AG 12, GW i. 137-319; receives extraordinary powers in 1776, PH 227, 229, 286; harassed by foreign adventurers, BF 242, 245, GM 73, 74, GW i. 191, 192, 248, 249; opposition to, in Congress, SA 339, PH 154, TJ 31, GW i. 189, 214, 215, 222, 232; has difaculties with Gates, AH 15-19, GW i. 212; attacked by Conway cabal, BF 298, PH 242-250, JA 134, 135, GM 66, GW i. 215, 216, 220-227; INDEX OF NAMES 165 disapproves proposed inTasion of Canada, GM 77, JJ 88, 160, GW i. 253; his efforts to induce Congress to improye condition of army, SA 342, AH 39, GM 68, 69, GW i. 166, 171, 231, 259, 294, 323, 333, 334; appeals for aid to the States, PH 221, 238, 269, 270, TJ 54, AG 11, GW i. 296, 323, 344; his deaHngs with French, BF 328, SA 342, GW i. 242-246, 254, 255, 280, 282, 332; checks mutinous morement at Newburg, AH 40, 41, GW i. 335-337; resigns commission, JJ 67, GW L 347-349; \n8hes to strengthen government of Confederation, JMon 20, GW i. 297-299, 342, ii. 20, 21, 25; connected with canal companies, FH 300, 301, JMad 54, GW i. 9-12; presides over Federal convention, GM 115, JMad 60, GW ii. 29-37; urges ratification of Constitution, FH 313, 341, 344, 346, AH 74, GW ii. 37-40; elected first President, BF 412, AH 81, JMad 122, AG 40, JK 17, 18, GW ii. 41^16; his Cabinet, AH 83, TJ 87, 88, AG 97, 98, GW ii. 64^70; question of his title, JMad 123, 124, GW ii. 52; appoints Jay Chief Justice, JJ 236, GW ii. 72; sounds England as to renewal of relations, AH 185, GM 197, GW ii. 137; his opinion of the French Revolution, AH 158, GM 164r-166, GW ii. 139, 140; convinced by Hamilton of constitutionality of Bank, AH 103, 130, TJ 107, JMad 163, GW ii. 110, 112; tries to prevent quarrel of Jefferson and Hamilton, AH 141, 142, 145, TJ 104, 110, 111, 122, 126, JMad 188, GW ii. 229-233; attached by Freneau and others, TJ 120, JMad 205, GW ii. 227, 238; appoints Morris minister to France, GM 219, 220; 166 INDEX OF NAMES WASHINGTOH', aSOBGi: (continued), supported by all for second term, TJ 111, 112, JMad 186, 187, GW ii. 235; his foreign poUcy, AH 151, JJ 265, JMad 195, GW ii. 133, 137, 140-143, 216-219; issues neutrality proclamation, SA 367, AH 159-161, JJ 257, JMar 95, JMad 196, GW ii. 146-149; anticipates Monroe doctrine, AH 161, JMon 166, 167; deals firmly with Genet, AH 166-173, JMar 95, Jlilad 201, GW ii. 152-160; sends Jay on special mission to England, AH 173-177, JJ 265, JMad 211, GW ii. 177, 178; [211, 212; appoints Monroe minister to France, JMon 34, 40, GW ii. issues proclamation against Whiskey rioters, AH 180, 181, AG 54, 77, 87, 88, 92, 96, GW ii. 124^130; denounces Democratic societies, AH 183, TJ 150, GW ii. 242,243; [204,206; called a dupe by Republicans, AH 137, TJ 150, 157, JMad signs Jay treaty, AH 187, 190, 284, JJ 275, 282, AG 102, AJ31,GWii. 184-201; objects to English provision order, AH 189, JMad 212, GW ii. 185; refuses call of House for papers, JMad 216, 217, AG 114, GW ii. 208; obtains surrender of Western posts, AG 128; recalls Monroe, GM 261, MVB 89, GW ii. 214-216; violently attacked, JA 252, JMar 88, 89, 136, TJ 166, 201, JMad 198, 212, AG 104^106, 128, 129, JMon 73, AJ 14, 15, GW ii. 244, 245, 250-259; unable to secure a runaway slave, SFC 33; issues Farewell Address, AG 128, GW ii. 248; at Adams's inauguration, JA 261, 262, GW ii. 276; sustains Federalist party, GM 279, TJ 235, 283, JMad 210, AG 77, 102, MVB 38; [267, 269; fears danger from Republicans, GM 279, GW ii. 259-262, commands provisional army, PH 407, JA 271, AH 203, 206, JMar 103, AG 156, GW ii. 285, 290; INDEX OF NAMES 167 settles quarrel over rank of generals, JA 285, 236, AH 204, GW u. 286-289; urges Marshall to run for Congress, JMar 131; appeals to Henry to oppose Virginia Republicans, FH 43, 414, JR 28, GW ii. 267; plan of Federalists to run for a third term as President, JA 312, GM 285, GW ii. 269; his death, GM 279, 282, 285, JMar 137-139, AG 158, GW ii. 299-303; his biography written by Marshall, JMar 228-237; relations with contemporaries, SA 340, FH 154, 183, 221, 245-248, 251, 252, 317, 401^03, JA 65, 132, 262, 308, 309, AH 13-17, 21, 23, 156, 157, 167, 177, GM 72, 73, 109, 254, 255, JJ 244, 317, JMar 21, 109, TJ 63, 146, 146, 164- 166, JMad 222, 223, 240, AG 22, 23, JMon 34, 67-70, 234, 252-260, JQA 19, 21-24, AJ 11; estimates of, BF 307, 308, 339, 344, 404, 407, SA 336, 340, JA 130-133, 318, GM 44, 45, 101, TJ 165, 166, JMad 204, AG 383, MVB 5, 6, 126-129, 464, HC i. 377, AL ii. 357. WASHnSTQTOW, LA^WBEIIOE, see index to Washington. \7ATKnTB, TOBIAS, his defalcation under Adams's administration, AJ 189, MVB 212. ■WAYNE, QENEKAIi AWTHOITV", his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 198, 199, 235, 268, 269, 307, JMar 22; commands expedition against Indians, GW ii. 100-103, THB 6, LC 38, AG 117. ■WJiTSTE, JAMES M., opposes tariff, AJ 256; member of Supreme Court, AJ 423, SFC 325, 354. -WEBSTER, DAIflEIi, Studies at Dartmouth College, WHS 14, DW 15-23; Federalist leader in Congress, JMad 309, DW 44, 65; appealed to by Calhoun to aid in passing Bank Bill, JCC 26, DW 61; 168 INDEX OF NAMES WEBSTEB, SANXBIi (continued), piactices before Supreme Court, JMar 169, DW 66-97; his plea in Dartmouth College case, JMar 188, 189, DW 74-95; counsel for Bank in McCuUoch vs Maryland, JMar 192, DW 203; in House ofEers resolution to send commissioner to Greece, HC i. 209, DW 128-130; in election of 1824, JQA 165, 173, A J 105, DW 140, 142; urges Adams not to proscribe Federalists, AJ 125, HC i. 247, DW 144; congratulates Clay on his vindication from bargain story, HC. i. 257, 285; defends Panama Congress, JMon 177, JQA 190, MVB 130, DW 136, 137; upholds Monroe doctrine, JMon 177, HC i. 269, DW 137; takes no part in election of 1828, AJ 179, JCC 82, DW 146; his reply to Hayne, AJ 233, 257, MVB 188, HC i. 347, 348, THB 71, 87, DW 168-180; condemns Jackson's Bank veto, HC i. 377, ii. 30, THB 114, 155, DW 204; [DW 202; regrets separate activity of Anti-Masons in 1832, AJ 444, denounces nulliflcation, HC ii. 4, 5, THB 92, 93, DW 206; advocates Force Bill, HC ii. 17, THB 94, DW 209; attacks compromise tarifE, AJ 336, HC ii. 16, THB 95, D W 208, 210, 213; debates Calhoun's resolution on nature of Union, AJ 334, DW 210, 211; becomes opponent of Jackson's Bank policy, AJ 191, MYB 230, THB 118 ; makes report on removal of deposits, A J 364, MYB 252; presents distress petitions, HC ii. 38, DW 221; condemns " pet banks," AJ 357, MVB 299, 300; attacks Van Buren, MVB 231, DW 205, 206; supports resolutions of censure on Jackson, HC il. 37, 43, DW 223; INDEX OP NAMES 169 opposes Fortification BiU, THB 131, DW 224, 227; denounces spoils system, HC ii. 62, 63, 69, 197, DW 167, 225; supports Calhoun's patronage bill, CFA 23, 24; opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102, 105, THB 126, 127, DW 226, 228; condemns specie circular, THB 133, DW 227; other points in his career in the Senate, AJ 218, MYB 339, 357, HC ii. 126, THB 124, 132, 196, 202; candidate for President in 1836, AJ 444, 448, MVB 260, 280, HC ii. 98, DW 218, 219; votes against bill to exclude abolitionist literature from mails, MVB 276, 404, DW 274; approves distribution of surplus, MVB 300, 334, 338, HC ii, 136, THB 177; condemns Sub-Treasury plan, THB 178, 181, DW 230; denounces Van Buren as author of panic of 1837, MVB 333, 335; his speeches in campaign of 1840, MVB 383, 384, HC ii. 175, 187, DW 231-233; secretary of war under Harrison, HC ii. 191, 207, 213, LC 176, 177, WHS 34, DW 234-254; his action in McLeod case, WHS 29-33, DW 242, 243; remains in Cabinet under Tyler, HC ii. 214r-218, THB 227, 230, DW 244, 245; damages party standing by not resigning, HC ii. 218, 219, DW 250-252; negotiates Ashburton treaty, AG 349, 360, HC ii. 218, JCC 209, 210, THB 237, 238, 242-245, LC 187, 188, WHS 33, DW 246-249; denounced by Cass, LC 189-193, DW 253; his policy in Creole case, JCC 209, DW 249, 279, CS 30; ignores Oregon question, HC ii. 289, THB 246, LC 230, DW 254, 257-259; resigns from Cabinet, HC ii. 237, JCC 224, DW 254; against annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92, 237, DW 275, 276, 280-282; 170 INDEX OF NAMES WEBSTEB, DAWIEIi (continued^ supports Clay in campaign of 1844, HCii. 250, 251, TS 63, DW256; doubtful about Mexican War, CFA 71, DW 282; candidate for Whig nomination in 1848, HC ii. 306, CFA 77-86, CS 54, DW 265; disgusted at Taylor's nomination, MVB 430, WHS 74, CFA 89, CS 57, DW 265-267; ridicules Van Buren as a Free-Soil candidate, MVB 431, DW 266, 267; [74; his haughty attitude toward Taylor's administration, WHS debates with Calhoun the question of the extension of the Constitution over Territories, JCC 321, 322, DW 290; makes 7th of March speech in support of Clay's compro- mise, MVB 435, 437, HC ii. 340, 346, 350, LC 278, AL i. 40, WHS 78-81, SPC 124, 129, CFA 102, CS 72, DW 292-294; denounced in New England, WHS 81, TS 84, DW 294, 295, 297-299, 315, 316; secretary of state under Fillmore, HC ii. 355, WHS 93, CS 72, DW 324-334; condemns agitation of slavery, HC ii. 377, 387, WHS 100, CS 87, DW 318-320; writes Hiilsemann letter, HC ii. 392, DW 325; receives Kossuth, HC ii. 394, DW 326; tries to prevent Sumner's election to Senate, CS 82; candidate for Whig nomination in 1852, HC ii. 399-403, LC 289, WHS 112, 113, DW 328-330; his views on tariff, AJ 237, 251, MVB 100, HC i. 130, 218, 220, THE 33, 60; opinions on the Bank, AJ 270-273, 401, HC i. 133, 356, ii. 142, THB 111, 112, 121; his presidential aspirations, AJ 444, HC ii. 97, 174, LC 246, 248, DW 202, 218-220, 229, 321, 328; relations with contemporaries, JQA 209, 296, AJ 114, HC i. 354, ii. 175, 250, JCC 60, 348, THB 78, 117, 319-321, LC 38, 182, 183, 194, CFA 12, CS 11; INDEX OF NAMES 171 judgments upon, AH 273, JMon 129, MVB 32, 150, 465, HC i. 218, ii. 409, JCC 3-6, THB 49, 100, 120, 232, 284, 300, 301, LC 363, 365, WHS 91, SPC 8, 10, 415, CS 73, 74, TS 63, 135. WSBSTSB, EBSNSZSB, see index to Webster. WIIBSTEB, SZBEXBIi, quoted, JQA 204, AJ 105; see index to Webster. VrEJBDEBBTTBN, AXiEXAITDElB, attacks Franklin before Privy Council, BF 188, 189, SA 200. WEED, THUBIiOW, advocates rotation in office, MVB 67; an active Anti-Mason, MVB 245, HC i. 345, WHS 11, 12; becomes leader of New York Whigs, MVB 363, HC ii. 198, SPC 125; prevents nomination of Clay in 1840, MVB 378, HC ii. 177-179, 181; in order to secure an office for Curtis, causes break between Harrison and Clay, HC ii. 193-197; laments Clay's letters in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 265, LC 221, 222; secures nomination of Taylor in 1848, HC ii. 294, LC 247, 248; at Republican convention of 1856, WHS 143, 144; in 1860 urges compromise, AL i. 193, WHS 211, 213, SPC 201, CS 179, 190; disgusted with Lincoln's Cabinet, WHS 213-215, SPC 205, 302; goes on unofficial mission to England, WHS 322, CFA 233, 238,354; his relations with Greeley, WHS 198, 199, SPC 219; judgments on, THB 164, SPC 184r-187. WEEMS, UASOir Ii., see index to Washington. 172 INDEX OF NAMES WELLES, GIDEOIJ-, secretary of navy nnder Lincoln, AL i. 234, WHS 213, 214, 230, CFA 143; opposed to relief of Sumter, AL i. 245-247, WHS 233, 235, SPC 210; wishes Southern ports closed by proclamation, AL i. 284; approves Wilkes's course in Trent affair, WHS 300, 301, 308, CFA 232, 237, CS 209; opposes issue of letters of marque, CS 241; disapproves Lincoln's amnesty plan, AL ii. 310; judgment on, WHS 230. WELLESLET, HIOHABD COLLET, MAKQUEBS, compliments American peace commissioners at Ghent, JQA 96, 98, HC i. 119. ■WELLnSTGTOlf, ABTH0K -WIELLESLT, DUKE OF, opposes continuation of War of 1812, AG 322, 335, HC i. 108, 124; his position in English society, MVB 227; THB 67. ■WHEATOM", HEmBT, his diplomatic career, AG 381, LC 182, 184. ■WHEELOOK, JOHH, see index to Webster. WHITE, HUGH L., quarrels with Jackson, A J 212, 441; opposes Jackson in Senate, AJ 365, MVB 277, HC ii. 69, 102; leads Tennessee against Van Buren, AJ 441, MVB 256- 260; candidate of Southwest for President in 1836, AJ 444, 448, MVB 256, 257, 279, 280, HC ii. 98, AL i. 50. WHITITBT, EE3UBEW M., see index to Jackson. WHlTTrEB, JOHN GKEENLEAF, see index to Sumner. WIGFALL, LOUIS T., expects Confederate success in 1861, AL i. 196, CS 181. INDEX OF NAMES 173 WILKES, CAPTAnr OHABIiBS, in Trent afBair, AL i. 380-382, WHS 298-317, CFA 210- 233, CS 208-216. WIIiKHTS, WIIiIiTATVr, receives electoral votes for vice-president in 1832, AJ 321, MVB248. wniKusrsow, james, serves in War of Revolution, GW i. 180, 220, JMon 10; connected with Conway cabal, GW i. 223, 226; leads expedition against Indians, GW ii. 45; takes possession of Louisiana, TJ 221; his relations with Burr, JMar 204, 205, JR 156; betrays Burr, JMar 206; siezes Burr's accomplices, JMar 206, LC 49; his testimony in Burr's trial, JMar 210, 222, JR 218, 219, 222; challenges Randolph to a duel, JR 259; quarrels with Jackson, AJ 26, 35; serves in War of 1812, AJ 42, HC i. 105, 106. WTTiTiTAMS, JOHN, member of Senate, AJ 95, JCC 43. WTLMOT, DAVID, offers anti-slavery proviso to three-million bill, MVB 416, 417, HC ii. 285, 286, DW 283, JCC 278, LC 232, CS 56; leader of Free-Soilers, MVB 419, AL i. 74, SPC 114, TS 69; in Senate in 1861, AL i. 296; estimate of, THB 262. WILSOBr, HEUBY, " conscience " Whig leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50, 51, CS44; leads Whig bolt from Taylor in 1848, HC ii. 306, LC 250, CFA 89, CS 68; Free-SoU leader, CS 74, 76; becomes a Know-Nothing, SPC 176, CFA 100, CS 118, 123; wishes Republicans to welcome Douglas in 1858, AL i. 116; 174 INDEX OF NAMES member of Senate, AL i. 296, WHS 177, CS 124, 148, 166, 205, 264, 295, 305, 316; leads anti-slavery Republicans, AL ii. 11, 17, 121, 287; his attitude in Sumner-Griant quarrel, CS 386, 395; nominated for vice-president, CFA 392. wnisoir, JAMES, visits Washington, GW i. 115; conservative member of continental Congress, SA 308, FH 172, 174, JMad 36; in Congress of Confederation, AH 35; member of Federal convention, JMad 96; judge of Supreme Court, GW ii. 72. WHTCHESTEB, GENERAl. JAMES, defeated in War of 1812, HC i. 98, LC 85. "WXNTHBOP, KOBEBT C, votes for Mexican War, CFA 63, CS 43, 46; denounced by "conscience" Whigs, CFA 71, 78, CS 46, 48; elected speaker of House, AL i. 74, CFA 86, CS 55; bitterly attacked by " conscience " Whigs in Massachusetts, CFA 79, 81, 83, 84-88, CS 62, 54; defeated for speaker by Free-Soilers, TS 69-71; in Senate, CS 73; defeated for Senate and for Grovernor by Free-Soil and Democratic coalition, CS 74, 85; refuses to join Bepnblicans, CS 128, 129; in 1861, favors compromise, CFA 141. WTBT, "WTliIiIAM, see index to Henry; his legal career, JMar 170, 189-192; counsel for JefEerson in Burr case, JMar 209; in Dartmouth College case, JMar 189, 190, DW 81, 82, 89, 93,94; attorney-general, JMon 129, JQA 177, AJ 169; his relations with Monroe, JMon 213, 214, 226; nominated for President by Anti-Masons, AJ 294, 295, 321, MVB 167, 245, 248, HC i. 344, 345, 382, WHS 13, TJ 30; estimates of, JMon 134, 135, SPC 7, 11. INDEX OF NAMES 175 WISE, HEWBY A., opponent of Adams in House, JQA 258, 263, 283-285, 294, 297, 300; describes Weed's management of Whig convention of 1839, HC ii. 178, 181, 182, 187, 200; confidential adviser of Tyler, HC ii. 200-202, 210, 215, 218, JCC 226; nrges annexation of Texas, JCC 226; secnres appointment of Calhoun as secretary of state, JCC 226; as Governor of Yirginia threatens to pursue Brown raiders into Ohio, SPC 175; secessionist in 1861, CFA 125. "VPTTHBBSPOOIT, DB. JOHW, President of Princeton College, at continental Congress, SA 280, PH 106, 190. •WOIiCOTT, OLIVER, member of continental Congress, SA 309; secretary of treasury, GW ii. 195, 246, JA 270, AG 97, 125, 126, 164, 176, 178, 190, 191; opposes Adams's foreign policy and follows Hamilton, JA 271, 273, 279, 286, 306, 310, 314, AH 207. ■WOOD, FEBWANDO, proposes secession of New York City, AL i. 187, CFA 150. WOODBDBT, LEVI, member of Senate, A J 146, 274, MVB 131; opponent of Bank, A J 271-273, 346, HC i. 355; secretary of navy, AJ 212, MVB 199, HC i. 348, LC 137; secretary of treasury, AG 270, 271, AJ 358, 374, 391, MVB 283, HC ii. 44, CFA 26; foresees panic of 1837, AG 272; begins Sub-Treasury system, AG 273; aids resumption of specie payments, AG 276. WOODFOBD, OEBTBBAL WILLIAM, commands Virginia militia, PH 179-185, JMar 4, 15-17. WBIGHT, SILAS, member of Albany Regency, MVB 111, THB 73; 176 INDEX OF NAMES member of Senate, AJ 243, MVB 277, 361, HC ii. 69, 86, THB 96, 161; leads Jaeksonian Senators, MVB 341, HC ii. 43, 192; announces "pet bank " policy, A J 357; declines nomination for vice-president, MVB 411, HC ii. 252; accepts nomination for Governor of New York, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 259, LC 241, 244; opposes Texas treaty, MVB 413; leads Barnburners, MVB 416, 417; declines Treasury Department, MVB 416. WYTHE, GEOBQi:, his career at bar in Virginia, PH 23, 93, JMar 23, TJ 67, JMon 13-15, HC i. 6-8; leader of conservative Whigs, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95, 190, TJ37; favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMon 28; condemns Jay treaty, JMar 97; his anti-slavery views, TJ 44, HC i. 30. TAHCET, B. C, quoted, CFA 160, 262, 299, 302. YAUCBT, WXtOiIAM L., accuses Webster of being in pay of manufacturers, DW 348; offers resolution on slavery in Territories at Democratic convention of 1848, HC ii. 305,.LC 244, WHS 189; his career as Confederate envoy in England, CFA 159-170, 198, 199; tells Kussell the tariff is real cause of war, WHS 284. YATES, BOBEKT, member of New York Revolutionary convention, J J 58; delegate to Federal convention, AH 66; opposes ratification of Constitution, AH 70; candidate for Governor of New York, JJ 244. YETIJO, MABQUIS OF CASA, Spanish minister, JB 114, 116. TOPICAL INDEX ABOIJTIOIIISTS, their origin, AJ 410, HC i. 306, ii. 71-73, JCC 121, 122, WHS 57, 58, SPC 36, CFA 29, 30, CS 37; their growth in numbers, HC ii. 153, JCC 166, CFA 34, CS 37,38; send anti-slavery documents South, AJ 411, MVB 275-277, HC ii. 82, 83, THB 145, 146, CFA 38, CS 38; petition Congress against slavery, JQA 243, 248, MVB 211, 273-275, HC ii. 79-81, 153, DW 273, THB 145, CS 40; persecuted in the North, HC ii. 76, 76, JCC 121, THB 147, 148, LC 178, SPC 38, CS 39, TS 48-^1; denounce Whigs more than Democrats, HC ii. 164, SPC 94; denounced by legislatures and party conventions, JCC 191- 193, MVB 379, 382, LC 222, AL i. 65; divide into factions, HC ii. 254, LC 178, SPC 36, 37, 56, 57; lose influence after 1840, HC ii. 153, SPC 103, CFA 57-59, 75; advocate disunion, GM 312, HC ii. 333, 380, THB 142, 259, AL i. 231, SPC 85, 199, CFA 57, 75; their radicalism, JQA 254, MVB 269, 270, HC ii. 73, 152, THB 142, 143, 259-261, LC 178, AL ii. 119, 120, SPC 85, CS 91, 92, TS 133; oppose gradual or compensated emancipation, HC ii. 318, AL i. 80; their effect on the South, HC ii. 73-75, 83, 84, THB 146; their results in the North, MVB 403, 437, HC ii. 75, 78, 79, LC 198, 199, AL i. 115, TS 133, 134; 178 TOPICAL INDEX ABOIiITIOmSTS (continued), part played by, JQA 244, 245, MVB 270, HC ii. 78, THB 142, 259-262, 292, SPC 103, CFA 55-57, TS 133; favorable views of, MVB 438, HC ii. 76-78, DW 307; unfavorable view of, GM 312, THB 140-143, 259-262; their action during CivU War, AL i. 98, 99, 102, 119-121; opinions of contemporaries upon, JMar 251, MVB 382, 403, HC ii. 84, 87, 161, 165-170, 232, 380, 381, 387, DW 318, JCC 122, 128-131, 143, 165-168, 219, 297, THB 142, AL ii. 53, 137, 138, 255-257, SPC 54, 55. AIX-IiA-CEAPEI,I.S, for congress of, see Slave Trade. AX.ABAMA, opposes congressional nominating caucus, A J 109; resents expulsion of intruders from Cherokee lands, AJ 228; denounces tariff, AJ 256, 257, 335; opposed to nullification, A J 335; nominates White in 1836, A J 444; demands annexation of Texas, JCC 237; removal of Cherokees from, THB 162, 153; not ready to secede in 1860, AL i. 182, 183, CS 180; proposes a Southern convention, AL i. 183; secedes in 1861, AL i. 186; after war, passes contract labor laws against negroes, TS 252; under carpet-bag government, TS 301. "AIiABAMA," her career as Confederate privateer, AL ii. 172, 301, WHS 347, 348, CFA 317; see Diplomatic History. AX.AMO, see Texas. AX.ASKA, purchase of, WHS 393, CS 338-340. ALBANY OOWaKESS, see index to Franklin. TOPICAL INDEX 179 ALBAinr BEGEirCY, develops spoils system in New York, THB 73; membership and character of, AJ 111, MVB 111, 112, WHS 16; its struggles for control of New York, AJ 111, WHS 8. AIiTEISr AND SBDITIOIT ACTS, discussed, JA 283, AH 219, 220, TJ 172, 202, JMad 231, 232, JR 27, A J 32; approved by Federalist leaders, GW ii. 296, 297, JA 283; agitation against, GM 280, JMar 146, JMad 240, AG 152- 157, HC i. 31-33. AMEKXCAW OHABACTEB, general views concerning, GW i. 193, 234, 250-252, GM 116, 117, 298, AJ 10, 19, 20, 177, 178, 428-431. AMEBICAIT PABTT, see Know-Nothing Party. ATVTFiBICAIT SYSTEM, see Tariff. AMISTAD CASE, see index to J. Q. Adams. AMHESTir FBOCIlAUATIOITS, see Reconstruction. ANDTAPOIiIS COlTVElTTIOIf , events leading to, AH 63, JMad 52-59; its proceedings, AH 54, JMad 59-61, JMon 22, 23. ANTIETAM, see Military History. an'ti-masoh's, their origin, AJ 289-293, MVB 167, HC i. 341, 342, WHS 115, TS 29; help Jackson against Adams, JQA 208, 209, HC i. 342; their career in various States, JQA 226, 301, CS 4, 7, MVB 166, 245, HC i. 343, TS 29-34, 46; their organization and spread, AJ 292, 293, HC i. 343, 344, WHS 12, 13; in campaign of 1832, AJ 294, 295, MVB 245, 246, HC i. 343, 344, DW 202, THB 89, WHS 13; coalesce with Whigs, AJ 443, 444, MVB 245, WHS 14, 15. 180 TOPICAL INDEX AITTI-SLAVEBY, see AhoUtionists, and Slavery. ABBITKATIOW, see Diplomatic History. ABKAIfSAS, settlement of, THB 13; admitted to Union, A J 446-447, THB 152; refuses to furnish troops in 1861, AL i. 256; secession of, AL i. 269; campaign of Curtis in, AL i. 351; reconstructed by Lincoln, AL ii. 295, CS 269; its electoral vote rejected in 1864, AL ii. 295, CS 269; later reconstruction of, by Congress, WHS 367, 368, 370. ABMY, see Congress, and Military History. ASHBUBTOBT TREATY, see Diplomatic History. AtrSTBIA, its attitude on the slave trade, JQA 130, LC 179; controversy with, over Hiilsemann and Eossuth, DW 324- 326; signs treaty of Paris, CFA 201. BAHK OF KTOBTH AMEBICA, its origin and history, GM 89, 90, AG 172, 248-250. BAUK OF tnrCTED STATES, The First Bank, 1791-1811, suggested by HamUton, AH 28, 29, 98-102, AG 176, 250, 251; its political influence, AH 102, 103; controversy over its constitutionality, AH 103, 129, TJ 107- 109, JMad 162, 163, AG 251; attacked by Jefferson and Madison, TJ 107-109, JMad 163, 177, 178, AG 251, 296; defended by Hamilton, AH 103, JMad 163; its operations, AG 261-255, 259, HC i. 63; favored by Gallatin, AG 252-255, HC i. 63; TOPICAL INDEX 181 opposed by Clay, HC i. 64-66; faUs to get a recharter, AG 231, 254, 259-263, 296, AJ 265, HC i. 63-66. The Second Bank, 1816-1836, failure of first attempt to charter, AG 265, AJ 265; on a second attempt secures charter, JMad 319, AJ 265- 267, HC i. 132-136, JCC 30-32, DW 63, 64, THB 103; aids in resumption of specie payments, AG 266, 267, AJ 268; causes crisis of 1819, A J 268; its action toward state banks makes people regard it with fear and dislike, AJ 155-170, 264, 265, 269; its career under Cheres and Biddle, AJ 269-271, HC i. 352, DW 203, THB 104, 109, 110; disliked by Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 271-278, MVB 145, HC i. 354; attacked in 1829 and later by Jackson, AJ 280, 281, 285, 288, MVB 203, HC i. 347, 353, 354, DW 220, THB 104, 105, LC 153; defended in Congress and Cabinet, AJ 284-288, HC i. 355, 356; dragged into politics by Clay, AJ 297, 298, HC i. 356-358, THB 111; petitions for a recharter, AJ 300, HC i. 358, DW 203; controversy over, in Congress, AJ 301-311, HC i. 373, 374, DW 221-224, THB 112, 113; its soundness discussed, A J 312-315, HC ii. 49-52; bill for a recharter vetoed by Jackson, AJ 319, 320, HC i. 375, 376, DW 204, THB 113; its situation during and after election of 1832, AJ 320, 339- 343, HC i. 379-384; declared safe by the House, AJ 341, 343, HC ii. 26, THB 116; enters controversy with Treasury, AJ 344, 345, THB 117; deposits removed from it, AG 269, AJ 345-359, MYB 249- 251, HC ii. 26-29, JCC 109, 110, DW 220, THB 116, LC 153, 154; 182 TOPICAL INDEX BANK OP trUTTED STATES (continued), further accusations of Jackson against, AJ 360, 371-375, HC i. 375, 376, ii. 30, 31, 40, THB 119; again investigated by Congress, AJ 368, 369, 376, HC ii. 32, 48, THB 117-122; final dealings with Treasury, AJ 375; accepts a charter from Pennsylvania, AG 271, AJ 395, 396, MVB 370, HC ii. 143, TS 47; effects of its defeat, MVB 296, 297, HC ii. 116, 117; begins to speculate, AG 271, AJ 397-400, MVB 348, 349; fails in 1839 and 1841, AG 276, AJ 400, MVB 371, 393, HC ii. 143, 144, THB 123, 179, 184. Later attempts to revive, recharter recommended by Ewing, HC ii. 203-206; Tyler's opinions on, HC u. 202, THB 225; bill to recharter vetoed by Tyler, MVB 402, HC ii. 205, 206, DW 244, THB 226; second bill to recharter vetoed by Tyler, HC ii. 209-211, THB 227; abandoned by Whigs as a political issue, A J 401, HC ii. 256, 300. BABTKS, STATE, see Financial History. BAKKKUPTCY IiA'W, its passage and repeal, HC ii. 134, 222, THB 218, 219, 221. BAKBAJEIT STATES, dealings with, JMad 252, JR 117. BAEWBDEIJEHS, their origin and leaders, MVB 415, HC ii. 304, LC 240, 241 ; control New York Democratic party, MVB, 416; at first friendly, later hostile to Polk, MVB, 416-417; support Wibnot Proviso, MVB 417, 419, HC u. 305, LC 242, 243; cause a division in Democratic party, MVB 418, 419, 422- 424, LC 242; secede from Democratic convention, MVB 424, HC ii. 311, LC 243, SPC 96, CFA 91; TOPICAL INDEX 183 nominate Van Buren for President, MVB 425, 427, HC ii. 311, LC 251; join Free-Soa party at Buffalo Convention, MVB 427, HC ii. 312, LC 252, SPC 100, CFA 91; in state campaign, MVB 429, LC 261; rejoin Democratic party, MVB 435, HC ii. 315, 342, LC 291, CFA 98. BA.YOT 64,65. IMPBESSIUCEIirT, maintained as a right by England, GW ii. 181, JMad 258, JQA 43-46, HC i. 70; not worth fighting over in 1794, GW ii. 181; negotiations by Morris concerning, GM 202; not mentioned in Monroe treaty, JMad 262, AG 305; English right to, upheld by Federalists, GM 306; pretext for War of 1812, JMad 308, HC i. 88; not mentioned in Peace of Ghent, JMad 308, AG 322, 327, JQA 92, 95, HC i. 109, 117; later negotiations over, AG 334, 335, 347, JQA 99; Webster's letter upon in 1842, DW 249. mrDEPENDSTSiaEi OF COIiOnXES, danger of, predicted in England, BF 79, 83; its possibility denied by Franklin, BF 81-83, 107; foreseen by Choiseul and Vergennes, BF 83; early desired by S Adams, SA 107, 120, 334r-336; its possibility recognized by Franklin, BF 171; openly advocated by the Adamses, SA 214, 243, JA 105, 116; repudiated in Continental Congress, SA 283, 300, 307, BF 211; abhorred in Middle and Southern States, SA 283, GW i. 131, 156, JA 67, 114, GM 24, 28, 33-40, JJ 21, 28, 48, 50; 284 TOPICAL INDEX disclaimed by JefEerson, TJ 25-27; growth of sentiment in its favor, SA 311, PH 190-194, JA 114; in New York urged by Morris, GM 46-48; feeling in Virginia for, PH 193, JMad 15, 16; debated in Congress, SA 312, 314, JA 122-126; declared, BF 212, SA 314, GW i. 160, JA 127, TJ 29-35; importance of delay in declaring, JJ 52. nSTDEPENDENT TBEAStJKT, see Suh-Treasury. rmiiAKA, its settlement, LC 2, 29; petitions Congress to allow slavery, TUB 9, 298; admitted as a State, LC 115; demands public lands within its boundaries, A J 233; opposes nullification, A J 335; journey of Clay in, HC ii. 230; supports Cass for President, LC 201 ; carried by Bepublicans in 1854, LC 308 ; carried by Buchanan in 1856, LC 323; votes for Lincoln in 1860, LC 339; carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220; centre of Copperhead secret societies, AL ii. 183, 184. Period of Colonial Dealings, 1754-1783, their early wars in Virginia, GW i. 37, 38; early wars in New England, DW 2, 3; status of Six Nations in New York, GM 3, LC 4; early treaties in Pennsylvania, BF 40; commercial and religious dealings of the French with Indians, LC 4-10; Washington's negotiations with Indians in 1754, GW i. 67, 68, 76; Albany conference with Iroquois in 1754, BF 44; Indians' share in Braddock's defeat, GW i. 85-88; Paxton mob against Christian Indians in Pennsylvania, BF 88, 89; TOPICAL INDEX 285 French defeat legretted by Indians, LC 11; Indian hostiUties of 1774 in Virginia, PH 126, 131, GW i. 122; committees of Congress to negotiate with Indians, PH 171- 174; dealings of Virginia Convention with Indians, PH 192; George R. Clarke's expedition, PH 258-260, 263; difBculties with Creeks and Cherokees, PH 262, 263; warfare with Six Nations, GW i. 266-270, GM 15; proposal of Henry to encourage Indian intermarriage, PH 292; treaties with Indians at close of war, GW ii. 88, 89. Period of Frontier Warfare, 1783-1815, erroneous popular ideas of Indians, GW ii. 84-86; their considerable military capacity, GW ii. 85, 86, THB 5,6; all territory west of Alleghany mountains occupied by them, GW ii. 87, THB 5, 7; danger of their use against United States by England and Spam, GW ii. 88, 101, AG 120, 121; frontier hatreds, GW ii. 89; difficulties with Creeks ended by treaty, GW ii. 89-91; trading-posts established, AG 108; Northwestern Indians incited by English, GW ii. 92, 94, 101, 102, 175, 178, LC 32, 33, 56-58; warfare in Northwest Territory, GW ii. 92-103; failures of Haidin and Harmar, GW ii. 93; St. Clair's expedition and defeat, GW ii. 95-99; Wayne's victory, GW ii. 100-103, LC 38; treaty of Greenville with Northwestern Indians, GWii. 103, AG 117, 118; warfare with Cherokees in Southwest, GW ii. 103; refusal of Georgia to observe Indian treaties, GW ii. 103; success of Washington's Indian policy, GW ii. 104, 105; Indians remain quiet during Adams's and Jefierson's teims, HC i. 40; growth of fur trade, AG 287, 288; 286 TOPICAL INDEX UnJIAITS (continued), bill to regulate Indian trade, HC i. 57; during years after 1807, English instigate Teoumseh to rise, LC57. Harrison's Tippecanoe campaign, LC 57, 58; Indian alliance not sought by United States, LC 68; share of Indians in War of 1812, THB 7, LC 86, 88, 91-93; Indian part in Hull's invasion, LC 70, 76, 78, 81; the massacre at Fort Dearborn, LC 81; Creek War, instigated by Teeumseh, AJ 37, 41, 42, HC i. 106; treaty of alliance with Northwestern Indians made by Cass, LC92; treaties with Creeks made by Jackson, AJ 60, 65; attempt of English to secure a neutral Indian zone by treaty of Ghent, AG 317, 319-321, JQA 78, 90, 94, HC i. 107. Period of Western Removal, 1815-1850, Creek refugees in Florida attacked, A J 65, 68; Jackson's Seminole campaign in Florida, JMon 143-145, AJ 68-76,HCi. 151, JCC87; English continue to subsidize Northwestern Indians, LC 99- 112; Calhoun's Indian policy, JCC 45-49; Calhoun considers Indians capable of civilization, JCC 46- 48; the actual culture of Southwestern Indians, AJ 223, 224, JCC 46, 48; their removal urged, THB 60-52, LC 159-161; discussion and justification of removal policy, THB 51, 52, 153, 154, 187, MVB 367; attempt of Georgia to expel Cherokees, AJ 224-227; attempt of Cherokees to get protection from Supreme Court, A J 225, 226, LC 161; refusal of Jackson to protect them, AJ 226, 227, HC i.347; removal of Cherokees, AJ 229, MVB 203, THB 152, 153; HC ii. 59-61; TOPICAL INDEX 287 Indian Territory established, AJ 224, 225, 229; Kickapoos and Osages sell their Missouri lands, THB 60; Cass's Indian policy, LC 106-132; difgculties between Creeks and Georgia regarding Indian lands, AJ 221, 222; Creeks forced to move west, AJ 229, DW 137, LC 159, 162; sale of Choctaw lands, A J 228; difBcultiesover removal of Seminoles, MVB 365, 366, THB 186, LC 159; Seminole War, MVB 366, THB 186-191, LC 162-164; war with Winnebagoes prevented, LC 127, 128; Black Hawk War, LC 141, 142, AL i. 35, 36; corruption in Indian service attacked by Benton, THB 307, 308. JNTESNAI. rMUPBOVEMEBTTS, suggested by Jefferson, TJ 261, AG 226, 227, 290, HC i. 44, 45; planned by Gallatin, AG 224, 290, HC i. 46; advocated by Calhoun, HC i. 137, 138, JCC 28, 39; opposed by Madison in his veto message of 1816, HC i. 138, DW66; demanded in the West, A J 235, 378, MVB 290, HC i. 43, LC 260, AL i. 53, WHS 22, 23; denounced by Jefferson as unconstitutional, TJ 294, AG 227; debated in Monroe's and Adams's administrations, JMon 152, JK 272-278, MVB 98, 117, 142; HC i. 206-208; Monroe's veto message upon, JMon 182, HC i. 142; advocated by J. Q. Adams as President, JQA 194, 201, MVB 121, HC i. 265-267; opposed by Jackson, AJ 234^-236, MVB 201, 202, HC i. 314; upheld by Clay, HC i. 39, 40, 46, 143-145, 384; Polk's River and Harbor Bill veto, HC ii. 284; Cass's position on, LC 260; advocated by Seward, WHS 111, 112; urged by Chase, SPC 116. 288 TOPICAL INDEX IOWA, admitted as a State to balance Florida, WHS 61; carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221. rsiSH, settlers La colonial times, GM 9, 10, 29; petition against Sedition Act, AG 157; popularity of Calhoun with, JCC 213, LC 206; belong to Democratic party, LC 207; ibb£:fke:ssibi:.b coifFiiiCT, see Index to Seward. JAY TBBATY, see Diplomatic History. JTTDICIAB7, FBDEBAIi, see Constitution; Washington's judicial appointments, GW. i. 72, JJ 236; organization of the Supreme Court, JJ 235-238; early cases before federal courts, J J 240-262; passage of the judiciary biU of 1801, GM 288, 289, JK 61; appointments under Judiciary Act, JB 62; judiciary controlled by Federalists, JR 60, 61, DW 89- 91; not the final arbiter on the Constitution according to States' rights theory, JR 36, TJ 196, 229, 293; its effect on development of Constitution, JR 64, 65; repeal of Judiciary Act, GM 290, JR 64r-67, 77; failure of Republicans to influence judiciary, JR 62, 63; Republican attack on judiciary through Chase impeach- ment, JR 81, 130, TJ 231-234; independence secured for Supreme Court by failure of Chase impeachment, JR 130, 131, 151, TJ 234; Marshall's constitutional decisions, JMar 170-227, AJ 166- 171, 174, 175, DW 82-89; denounced in the West, AJ 171, 172; attacks upon judiciary in Congress under Jackson, AJ 218, 219; MVB 135-137, DW 132-135; TOPICAL INDEX 289 refusal of Jackson to nphold Supreme Court in Greorgia case, AJ 22&-227, MVB 203, 204, HC i. 347, LC 161; failure of Supreme Court to pass on constitutionality of protection, AJ 333; Supreme Court decisions ignored by Jackson in Bank struggle, HC i. 376, 377; alteration of membership of Supreme Court under Jackson, AJ 423, 424, SPC 324; its altered policy in Briscoe case permits " state " banks, AJ 423-427; Supreme Court becomes a political machine, AJ 427, 428; fugitive slave case decisions, SPC 76; proposal in 1848 to leave questions of territorial slavery to Supreme Court, JCC 313, AL i. 91, WHS 69; motives of Supreme Court in making Dred Scott decision, AJ 428, MVB 440, 441, LC 327, AL i. 102, 103, WHS 168-172; denunciation of judiciary by Kepnblicans, WHS 172; the Merryman case, AL i. 287-289; the Blockade decision, WHS 270, SPC 326; reorganization of Supreme Court under Lincoln, AL ii. 30, 298, 299, SPC 324, 325; Supreme Court under Chase continues conservative, SPC 324r-388; attitude of courts upon military arrests, SPC 327, 328, 344- 346,366; attitude of court in Grarland and Cummings cases, SPC 346-348; reconstruction oases, SPC 328, 348-356; numbers and jurisdiction of Supreme Court reduced by Congress, SPC 342, 354, 355; refusal of courts to try Davis, SPC 351-353; decisions on financial questions, SPC 385-388; decisions under fourteenth amendment, SPC 381-383; legal tender decisions and their effect on prestige of court, SPC 393, 402-412; reorganization of Supreme Court by Grant, SPC 399-401. 290 TOPICAL INDEX KftTTSAB, uninhabited in 1863, CS 105; organized under Kansas-Nebraska Act, q. v.; governorship of Keeder, LC 317; struggle for possession of Territory between North and South, LC 316-318, AL i. 98-109, WHS 151-190, SPC 171, 172, TS 102; organized immigration into, WHS 152, CS 131; the Territory overrun by Missourians at first elections, LC 317, AL i. 98, WHS 153-165, CS 132, 133; Free State men organize Topeka constitution and apply for admission into Union, LC 317, WHS 136, CS 133, 134; struggle over Kansas in Congress, LC 317-322, AL i. 105, 106, WHS 158-162, 166-167, 178-183, CS 135, 136, 169; governorship of Shannon, LC 317, 324, WHS 155-157; governorship of Geary, LC 324, 325, WHS 157; civil war breaks out, LC 324, 325, AL i. 99, WHS 155, 164, CS 134, 137, 156; election of pro-slavery constitutional convention, LC 325, AL i. 104, WHS 173, CS 165, 166; pacification by Governor Walker, LC 325, WHS 174, CS 166; legislature carried by Free State men, LC 325, WHS 174, CS 166; attempt in Congress to admit Kansas under Lecompton constitution, LC 325, AL i. 104, 105, WHS 174, 175-179, CS 165-168; rejection of Lecompton constitution, LC 325; AL i. 105, 109, WHS 176, 184, CS 168, 169; new convention draws up Wyandot constitution, CS 170; admitted as a State in 1861, AL i. 109, WHS 190; carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221. K A TTS AS-ITEBH ASKA ACT, origin of act, WHS 116, 117, 123-130, SPC 133; introduced by Douglas, LC 293, AL i. 93-95, WHS 118, SPC 134-136, CS 102-104; struggle over in Congress, LC 294, 297, WHS 118, 119, SPC 133-146, CS 106-109; TOPICAL INDEX 291 passed, LC 298, WHS 118, 130, SPC 146, 146; its efEect, MVB 440, 441, LC 300, SPC 147; opinions upon, MVB 442-444, THB 309-311, SPC 147. KEWTtrCKT, explored by Boone, HC i. 13; its early settlement, HC i. 14, THB i. 5, 6; breaks away from Virginia, AH 50; early frontier civilization of, HC i. 14-18, THB 9, 12; struggle in between judiciary and legislature over land legislation, A J 153; discusses emancipation in constitutional convention, HC i. 27, 30; passes nullification resolutions in 1798-99, AH 222, 6M 281, 311, AH 31, DW 170; willing to go to wax for sake of Mississippi navigation, JB 76; sympathy in, for Burr, HC i. 35; forbids English law reports since 1776 to be read in court, AJ 154, HC i. 60 ; adopts resolutions denouncing England, HC i. 51; repeals old age pensions for judges, AJ 164; enthusiastic for War of 1812, THB 8, LC 86; charters banks after war, A J 165, HC 203; financial crisis in, A J 155, 160; demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177; « relief " movement in, AJ 152-174, HC i. 346; tries to tax United States Bank, A J 160; passes replevin and other relief measures, A J 161; charters new state bank, AJ 161, 162; its replevin law declared unconstitutional, AJ 162, 164, HC i. 203; fails to remove judges, AJ 163, 164; creates a new Court of Appeals, AJ 164, 166; favors tarifE of 1824, THB 53; favors Jackson for President after Clay, AJ 116, HC i. 204, 228, 233, 238; struggle in between " old " and " new court " parties, AJ 166, 172, 173, 174; 292 TOPICAL INDEX KEHTCrCKY (continued), loses population, AJ 165, 173, 174; angered by Marshall's Supreme Court decisions, AJ 167- 169, 171, 172, DW 132; votes for Jackson in 1828, HC i. 293; its representatives in Congress attack federal judiciary, AJ 218, 219; struggle in, over election of Clay to Senate, HC i. 350; votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383; early abolitionists in, SPC 46, 83; feels enthusiasm for Clay but distrusts Webster, HC ii. 229, DW 219; grows weary of Clay as candidate and supports Taylor in 1848, HC 294, 295; in constitutional convention discusses emancipation, HC ii. 316-319, CS 68; elects Clay to Senate, HC ii. 319; hopes of Lincoln to retain it in Union in 1861, AL i. 255, 265-268; refuses to furnish volunteers, AL i. 255; appealed to by Confederacy, AL i. 265; announces neutrality, AL i. 266; decides to remain in Union, AL i. 267, 268; its neutrality violated by South, AL i. 352; campaigns in, AL i. 354, 355, ii. 154. KEUTtrCKT KESOIiUTIOlirS, discussed, PH 408, GW ii. 266-268, AH 222, GM 281, 311, TJ 172, 173, JMad 234, 235, JR 34, 35, AJ 252, 253, DW 170, JCC 79. EXCtra'S COIiIiEGE, controlled by Episcopalians, GM 16, JJ 9, 11, 12; studies of various statesmen at, AH 4, GM 3, 19, JJ 8-12, JR 13, 15, 16; its fate in revolution, AH 10, 11. KITCHEN CABINET, its composition, AJ 181, 183-187, 347, 348, MVB 193, HC i. 346,348; TOPICAL INDEX 293 its control over Jackson, AJ 187, MYB 193, HC i. 354, ii. 26. KWOW-WOTHUfG PARTY, its origin and composition, LC 309, 310, WHS 137, 138, SPC 152, CS 123; its early successes, LC 310, AL i. 100, 101, WHS 139, 142, SPC 152, CFA 104, 105, CS 123, TS 96; supplants Whigs in South, THE 313, LC 310; its relations to Bepublican movement, WHS 142-145, SPC 153, 154, CS 124; in Missouri, causes defeat of fienton, THB 313; nominates FUlmore in 1856, LC 322, 323, WHS 149; merges in Constitutional Union Party, WHS 193; its influence in election of 1860, AL i. 175, WHS 200; judgments upon, HC 311, 312, WHS 138, 139, CS 124. IiAIBD BAMS, see Diplomatic History. IlAJHIS, FUBIiIC, general survey of government's policy toward, A J 229-234; sales of, under Hamilton, AG 122, 238; organization of land offices, AG- 287; early plans for their cheap sale, AJ 229, 230, 233, HC ii. 152, THB 61, 62, 133, 192, LC 97, 98; alternative plans to use for internal improvements or for revenue, AJ 230, 234; Clay's proposals to distribute proceeds from its sale, AJ 234, 380, 381, 386, HC u. 23, 70, 100, 211, 213, 226, 228, THB 137,138,219-221; reports upon, HC i. 370-372; cession to States proposed, AJ 229, JCC 156; proposal to allow States to tax, THB 193; proposal to restrict sale of, to citizens, THB 192, 193; speculation in, MVB 294, 308-312, HC ii. 117-119, 124, JCC 155; collapse in value after panic of 1837, MVB 312, 313, HC ii. 127, 128; 294 TOPICAL INDEX regulated by preemption system and homestead law, MVB 357, HC i. 57, THB 61, 192, SPC 117; granted to railways, SPC 117. " LEAJSTDBB," see index to Jefferson. IiSGAXi FBOFESSSIOir, its rise in eighteenth century, A J 3-5, MVB 19, 32-35; eminence of in New York and Virginia, JJ 13-18, PH 93, 360, JMar 33-38, 46, 47, 208, 209; becomes the proper opening for political and social ambi- tion, A J 5, MVB 44, TS 26; bar examinations in Tarious States, PH 22-25, AJ 4, 5, TS 21-23; IiEQAIi TEIOJEB IfOTSS, see Financial History. "LBOPAKD," see Chesapeake. UBEBAIi BEFUBIiICAirS, their movement against Grant in 1872, SPC 413, CS 410- 418, CFA 389-392, MVB 118. LIBEETY PABTY, its origin in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 190, 254, LC 179, 208, SPC 85, 86; organized by Chase, SPC 87-92; brought into prominence by Texas question, HC ii. 255; its position in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 265, 262, 263; LC 221, WHS 44-46, SPC 91-93; its vote said to have defeated Clay, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 264-266, DW 255, JCC 250, LC 222; its course discussed, THB 258-260, SPC 93, 94; nominates Hale in 1847, MVB 431, HC ii. 310, LC 251, SPC 94-96; joins Free-SoU party, HC ii. 311, LC 252, 254, SPC 96, 97. L0C0F0C03, see index to Jackson. LOITG ISLAWD, see Military History. TOPICAL INDEX 295 IiOUlSIANA, its seizure urged by Hamilton in 1798, AH 209, 257, 279; ceded by Spain to France, JMon 78, JB 74, AJ 22; intended by Napoleon for a colony, TJ 217; desire of JefEeison to purchase New Orleans from, TJ 214- 217; its seizure advocated by Morris, GM 293, 294; purchased from France, GM 293, 294, TJ 206-229, JMad 246-248, JMon 79-89, JR 83, A J 23; justification of annexation, TJ 222-229, JMad 248; opposition to its purchase, JQA 35, JB 85; explored by Lewis and Clarke, HC i. 42, 43; question of its Florida boundary, TJ 246, JMon 88, 98, AJ 23, HC i. 58; governorship of Claiborne in, JB 115, 117, 118; negotiations with Spain over its boundaries, JQA 110, 112, 114^116; its western boundary settled in treaty of 1819, JQA 115, 125, A J 84, 85; favors tariff, THB 80; its electoral vote taken from Clay in 1844 by a trick, HC ii. 233; process of secession in, AL i. 182, 183, 187, CS 180; reconstructed by Lincohi, AL ii. 219, 220, WHS 367, 370, TS 233, CS 282-284; its Senators and Bepresentatives excluded, TS 234; question of its status, TS 234. McClTIiIiOCB TB TffftTtYIiAJTP, see Constitution. MAIIiS, question of excluding abolition documents from, AJ 411, 412, JCC 134-137. BIAIHE, set off from Massachusetts, DW 107; its admission coupled with that of Missouri, HC i. 177; nominates Clay for President, HC ii. 230; 296 TOPICAL INDEX excitement in, over boundary question, MVB 367; votes against Van Buren, MVB 367; in Ashburton negotiations, hampers federal government by obstinacy, DW 241, 247; accepts an indemnity, DW 248, 249; carried by Bepublicans in 1864, LC 308; Democratic gains in in 1862, AL ii. 124. MANIFEST DESTIBTY, see Expansion. MABBUBT VB MADISON, see Constitution. MABTIN vs HUNTEB'S LESSEE, see Constitution. MABTLANB, part played by its Catholic leaders, GM 34; recommends organization of militia in 1776, FH 132, 133; passes law permitting emancipation, HC i. 28; has difficulties with Virginia over Potomac navigation, JMad 62-^4, AH 53; suggests Annapolis Convention but fails to send delegates, JMad 55, 59; position of its representatives in federal convention upon slave trade, GM 139; intrigues of Randolph in, against Madison, JB 231, 232; demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177; tries to tax Bank, JJ 254, JMar 192; passes resolution against congressional nominating caucns, A J 109; divides electoral vote in 1828, A J 148; votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383; nominates Clay for President in 1844, HC ii. 230; carried by Know-Nothings, LC 323; furious at passage of troops through Baltimore, AL i. 257, 258; apparently on point of seceding, AL i. 258, 259; decides to be neutral, AL i. 260, 261 ; furnishes troops to South, AL i. 262; TOPICAL INDEX 297 military arrests in, AL i. 286; invaded by Lee, AL ii. 84-86. MASSACHITSIiTTS, Colonial and Revolutionary History, 1620-1780, democratic society in, SA 5, 8, 9, 49-53, DW 28; its government under original charter, SA 19, 20; more liberal under province charter, SA 20-22; religious toleration in, SA 20; claims "rights of Englishmen," SA 27; repeatedly admits parliamentary supremacy, SA 28; its expenses in French War reimbursed by England, SA 30; has chronic disputes with governors, SA 31; its leaders and their influence in Revolution, SA 10, 11, 319, 333, 334, GM 14; denounces Stamp Act and refuses to execute it, SA 64; calls for Stamp Act Congress, PH 80, 81, SA 66; how affected by Stamp Act agitation, SA 67, JA 26; has controversies with Governor Bernard, SA 35, 45, 63-66, 122, 123, 127; refuses to elect Tories to Council, SA 85, 86; sends circular letter to other colonies, SA 95; adopts non-importation resolutions, SA 97; refuses to rescind circular letter, SA 99, 102; petitions for removal of Bernard, SA 103; elects convention of towns in absence of General Court, SA 110; three-quarters of its population oppose English policy, SA 113; approves Virginia Resolves, SA 123; has disputes with Governor Hutchinson, SA 124, 167, 168, 197, 262; excited over Boston massacre, SA 145-166, J A 34r-39; appoints Franklin agent, BP 138, 139, 194, SA 169, 170, 236; denounces Tea Act, SA 224-227; has dispute with Hutchinson over parliamentary supremacy, BF 166, SA 187-191; 298 TOPICAL INDEX MASSACHXTSETTS (continued), denounces royal salaries for officials, SA 173, 174, 194^ 210, 211, 235; establishes committees of correspondence, SA 197, 198; excited oyer Hutchinson letters, SA 203, 208; petitions for removal of Hutchinson and Oliver, BF 183; its charter altered by Parliament, SA 239, 272; elects delegates to first continental Congress, SA 265-267, JA51; elects Provincial Congress, SA 272-274; regarded as radical by other colonies, SA 282; sympathized with by other colonies, JA 75, 76; seeks recognition from continental Congress, SA 301; celebrates anniversaries of Boston massacre, SA 194, 237, 291-296, 347; elects a General Assembly, SA 305; growing sentiment in, for independence, SA 316, PH 134; asks advice from Congress about a government, JA 91; its sacrifices in War of Revolution, JMad 150, 151, CS 113; its interest in fisheries leads its representative to insist on their guarantee in treaty of peace, JA 161-163, JJ 143, 145; adopts a state constitution, SA 338, JA 154. History as a State, 1780-1874, emigration from, DW 1, 2, LC 124; quarrels with New York, AH 51; calls for a convention to revise Articles of ConfederatioB, AH 52; Shays's rebelUon in, SA 350-352, AH 51, 52, GM 110, JMad 73; appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59; ratifies federal Constitution, SA 353-359, AH 73; origin of parties in, JQA 28; elects S. Adams Governor, SA 366; elects J. Q. Adams to Senate, JQA 30; condemns embargo, JQA 67; refuses to reelect J. Q. Adams, JQA 67, 58; TOPICAL INDEX 299 its attitude toward War of 1812, JMad 81; adopts states' rights doctrine, JR 38, 90, 271; disunion movement in, 6M 310; opposes Missouri compromise, DW 267; constitutional convention of 1820 in, DW 107-114; slow to establish complete religious toleration, JMad 66; elects Webster Senator, DW 139, 140; becomes protectionist, AJ 335, THB 53, 60, 80; Anti-Masonic movement in, JQA 226, 301, AJ 293, 294, WHS 12, 13; opposes nullification, A J 335; votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383; upper classes in, disapprove of anti-slavery action, JQA 246; farmers in, support J. Q. Adams, JQA 247, 255; nominates Webster for President, AJ 444, MVB 260, DW 218; denounces gag-rule, HC u. 153; becomes centre of anti-slavery action, CFA 62; sends Hoar to South Carolina, CS 40; at first approves Webster's remaining in Tyler's Cabinet, DW245; hampers Ashburton negotiations, DW 241, 247, 248; Whigs in, declare Tyler out of party and try to force Webster out of Cabinet, DW 251, 252; opposes annexation of Texas, CS 43; reelects Webster to Senate, DW 256; struggle in, between " Conscience " and " Cotton " Whigs, LC 249; CFA 69-S8, CS 46-55; Free-Soil party in, CFA 92, 95, 104, CC 68-60; carried by Free-Soil and Democratic coalitions, CS 75-85; elects Sumner to Senate, CS 80-84; regained by Whigs, CS 97, 98, 100; rejects new constitution, CS 99, 100; carried by Know-Nothings, CFA 104, 105, CS 123, 128-130; passes Personal Liberty Laws, CS 119, 121; denounces Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 152; 300 TOPICAL INDEX MASSACHUSETTS (continued), carried by Bepublicans, CS 157, 176; reelects Sumnerto Senate, CS 233-235, 356; compromise movement in, during 1860-61, CS 191, 193; prepared for war by Andrew, AL i. 256; sends troops to Washington, AL i. 256; Sumner's influence in, blocks Butler's campaign for Gov- ernor, CS 400; censures Sumner's resolution on battle-flags, CS 421, 422; rescinds resolutions of censure, CS 429. "MBBHIMAO," see Navy, and Military History. MSXICAir ^IVAB, see Military History. MEXICO, early overland trade with, THB 35, 36, 48, 49; gains independence, THB 166; makes land grants in Texas, HC ii. 86; abolishes slavery except in Texas, AJ 413, 414, HC ii. 89, THB 166, AL L 85; forbids immigration into Texas, AJ 445, HC ii. 88, 90, THB 156; undergoes revolutions, AJ 416, HC ii. 90, THB 167; defeated by Texan insurgents, AJ417,MVB 357, HC ii. 90, THB 160; failure of Jackson's administration to pick a quarrel with, A J 421, MVB 358-360, HC ii. 94, 95, THB 160; settles claims of United States by treaty, AJ 421, HC ii. 153, 236, DW 253; announces that annexation of Texas by United States means war, HC ii. 239, CS 34; negotiates peace vrith Texas, HC ii. 273, JCC 225, 247; causes of war with United States, HC ii. 274-284, JCC 273- 277, LC 211, 231, ALi. 74-85, SPC 120, CFA 62, CS 45; undergoes revolution during war, HC ii. 278, LC 336; its annexation demanded in United States, HC ii. 290, DW 278,306,306; TOPICAL INDEX 301 cedes territory by treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, HC ii. 301; later dealings with, DW 327, LC 336; intervention of England, Fiance, and Spain in, WHS 266, 257, 356, CS 220; Napoleon III.'s invasion of, WHS 357-361, CS 239; fall of MajdmiUan in, WHS 362. M1CHIGA1J-, early explorations in, LC 118-122; settled by French and later Americans, LC 2-6, 97, 98, 168; life of French in, LC 19-31; education in, LC 27, 124, 125; Hull's governorship of, LC 61; raises militia in War of 1812, LC 63,64; ravaged by Indians, LC 86, 88; governorship of Cass in, LC 30, 88-132; land in, ceded by Indians, LC 116; efforts of Cass to civilize, LC 95, 122-124; adopts township system, LC 256; applies for admission as a State, THB 152, LC 165; has boundary dispute with Ohio, A J 446; frames constitntiou without consent of Congress, AJ 446, 447; held by Calhoun to be a State before admission by Congress, JCC 157-162; debate on its admission, JCC 62, 156, THB 162; admitted conditionally, A J 447, JCC 156; question of its vote in election of 1836, AJ 447; in election of 1840, LC 155; enthusiastic for Cass in 1842, LC 200, 201; carried by Democrats in 1844, JCC 250, LC 222; elects Cass to Senate, LC 225; favors WUmot Proviso, LC 233, 234,266, 269; influence of Cass on politics in, LC 256-269, 366, 366; Free-Soil vote in, LC 259, 290; struggle in, over Cass's reelection in 1849, LC 266, 269; rescinds Wilmot Proviso instructions and favors compro- mise, LC 278, 282, 283; 302 TOPICAL INDEX MICHiaAIl' (continued), reelects Cass without opposition in 1851, LC 286; formation of Republican party in, LC 304:, 305; carried by KepubUcans in 1854, LC 306-308; passes resolutions ag;ainst Fugitive Slave Law, LC 312; votes for Fremont in 1856, LC 324; elects Chandler to succeed Cass, LC 324; votes for Lincoln, LC 339; Republican losses in 1862, AL ii. 126. WIJjAN DECBSS, see Diplomatic History. MILITABT HISTOHT, Colonial "Wars, 1744-1763, part played'by New England in King Greorge's War, SA 17, 18, 30; inevitable struggle between French and English for control of interior, BF 44, 60, GW i. 65; inequality of contestants, BF 50; Washington's campaign of 1754, GM i. 74, 76; Braddock's expedition, BF 51-55, GW i. 82-88; Indian ravages, GW i. 90, BF 56; part played by New York in war, GW 3; end of war in conquest of Canada, BF 78, SA 35, GW i. 93, 94. Revolutionary 'War, 1775-1782, general view of events, PH 221, 235, 236, 240, 241, 257, GW i. 134-320; operations against Dunmore in Virginia, PH 178-181, JMar 12-17; battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bnnker HiU, SA 303, GW i. 133, 136; siege of Boston, GW i. 137-154; organization of army by Washington, GW i. 139-142; minor operations in New York, GW i. 143; invasion of Canada, GW i. 143, 144; battle of Long Island, GW i. 161-167, AH 13; conflicts near New York, GW i. 168-175, AH 14, GM 41, JMon 9, 10; TOPICAL INDEX 303 retreat across New Jersey, GW i. 175-177; campaign of Trenton and Princeton, GW 180-183, AH 14, JMai 18, JMon 10; Howe's Philadelphia campaign, GWi. 194r-202; battles of Brandywine and Germantown, GW i. 196-201, JMar 10; capture of Delaware forts, GW i. 217; Burgoyne's invasion, GW i. 203-211, GM 59-65; battle of Saratoga, GW i. 211; winter at Valley Forge, GW i. 228-232, GM 66, 67, JMar 19-21; battle of Monmouth, GW i. 235-239, JMar 22, JMon 10; operations of D'Estaing at Newport, GW i. 243, 244; defeat of French at Savannah, GW i. 247, 248; capture of Stony Point, GW i. 268, 269, JMar 22; Tory raids along coast and in interior, GW i. 269; reduction of operations to a deadlock in North, GW i. 272; last operations near Newport, GW i. 277, 278; capture of Charleston by English, GW i. 273-276; battle of Camden, GW i. 281; Arnold's treason, GW i. 281-289, AH 20; British raids in Virginia, PH 257, 264-267, 278-284, JMad 23, 24, TJ 54-61, JMon 12; battle of Cowpens, GW i. 301; Cornwallis's and Greene's campaign in Carolinas, GW i. 302, 303, GM 98-100; battle of Guilford Court House, GW i. 302; Cornwallis's campaign against Lafayette, GW i. 307; the Yorktown campaign, GW i. 304^11, 318-320; De Grasse's victory secures naval control of Chesapeake, GW i. 310-312; siege and capture of Yorktown, GW i. 315-318, AH 23, GM 100; closing events of the war between England and France, GM 100, 101; battle of Bon Homme Richard and Serapis, BF 302; organization of War Department by Adams, J A 142; 304 TOPICAL INDEX MTLITABT HISTOBT (continued), use of privateers, BF 248-252, GW u. 150; bad record of mUitia, GW i. 167, 168, 175, GM 43, 60, 61; lack of resolution shown by Americans, GM 42, 43, 67; negotiations about exchange of prisoners, GW i. 145-148, BF 252-264; causes for English defeat, GW i. 154, 155; American success not due to French aid, GM 42; estimate of generalship shown, GM 45, 101. Difficulties with France, 1798-1800, the " quasi-war," GW ii. 291-293, AH 213, JMar 103, TJ 171, AG 147-151. ■War of 1812-1815, causes of war, AG 295, 305, AJ 33, 34, MVB 59, HC i. 78-«4; brought on by South and West, GM 128, 303, AJ 34, HC i. 83, JCC 26, THE 7, 8, LC 54, 55; general view of military events, GM 304, HC i. 116, 117, THB7; expectation of conquest of Canada, JMad 309, HC i. 86, 87; English hope to regain New England, AG 313, 316; Hull's campaign, LC 81-84; Creek War, AJ 37-41; campaign of Jackson in Florida, A J 44; Indian massacres, LC 81, 83, 92; American defeats in 1813, HC i. 98, 106; battle of Lake Erie, LC 86; capture of Washington by Cockbum, JMad 316, 317, AG 320, JMon 119-126; battle of Thames, LC 87; defense of Mobile, A J 43; battle of New Orleans, AJ 45-47, HC i. 117; LaefQcient conduct of war by Madison's administration, 6M 304, 306, JMad 315, 316, JMon 110-119, HC i. 89, 90, DW 50, 51, JCC 27, 28, LC 62, 73, 82, 83; uselessness of militia, GM 304; futility of gunboats, TJ 259, 260, AG 288, 289, JQA 48; TOPICAL INDEX 305 insufficient use of navy, JMad 309, 310, HC i. 87; conduct of Monioe as secretary of war, JMon 126, 127; good results of the war, GM 305, AJ 50, 51, HC i, 120, 121, JCC 25; the war a defeat for United States, JQA 76, 86, AJ 47-49. Indian Wars, 1790-1840, military ability of Indians, GW ii. 84-88; war with northwestern Indians, GW ii. 92-94; St. Clair's defeat, GW ii. 95-97; Wayne's expedition, GW ii. 100-103; Tecumseh's defeat, at battle of Tippecanoe, THB 6, LC 68; Jackson's Florida campaign, JQA 110, 111, HC i. 151- 153, A J 65-76; Calhoun's management of War Department, JCC 41-63; Cass's management of War Department, LC 141-166; Black Hawk War, LC 141, AL i. 35-37; Seminole War, LC 163, 164, THB 189, 190. Mezican War, 1846-1848, Taylor's advance to Rio Grande, HC ii. 274-276, JCC 274; beginning of hostilities, HC ii. 283, 284; proposal to keep war strictly defensive, JCC 287, 288; Taylor's successful invasion, HC ii. 285-287; intrigues with Santa Anna, HC ii. 285; occupation of New Mexico and California, HC ii. 285; Scott's invasion from the sea coast, HC ii. 286, 287; capture of Mexico, HC ii. 287; conduct of war, THB 279, 280, AL i. 74, 76; results of war discussed, THB 256, LC 224, 232. War of Rebellion, 1861-1865, Lincoln calls for volunteers, AL i. 252-256, 291, SPC 211, 212; measures for the defense of Washington, AL i. 255, ii. 31- 35; passage of Massachusetts troops through Baltimore, AL i. 256-258; the naval situation, and proclamation of blockade, AL i. 283; 306 TOPICAL INDEX MTT.TTABY HISTOBT (continued), minor early operations, AL i. 298, 299; campaign and battle of BuU Run, AL i. 300-302, CFA 210; organization of Northern army by MeClellan, AL i. 304- 308, SPC 212-217; administration of War Department by Stanton, AL i^ 326- 328; Lincoki's and McClellan's plans for the war, AL i. 329, 332, 337-340; McClellan's first advance, AL i. 341-344; early Western operations, AL i. 346-348, 351, CFA 242, 243; early successes along the coast, AL i. 348, CFA 342, 343; Grant's campaign of Forts Henry and Donelson, AL i. 354, 355; career and defeat of Merrimac, AL i. 356, 357; capture of New Orleans, AL i. 368; Farragut's cruise on Mississippi, AL i. 359; campaign and battle of Shiloh, AL i. 360-364, CFA 310, CS 235, 236; the Peninsular campaign, AL ii. 36-72; Lincoln's error in detaching McDowell from McClellan, AL ii. 52-56; Pope's campaign in Virginia, AL ii. 74-78; McClellan reorganizes army, AL ii. 80-84; Lee's campaign in Maryland, battle of Antietam, AL i. 84- 91; Bumside and Fredericksburg, AL ii. 92, 136, 138; Hooker's defeat at Chancellors ville, AL ii. 138-144; Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, Gettysburg campaign, AL ii. 144-152, CFA 335; Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, AL ii. 154r-157; Grant's Vicksburg campaign, AL ii. 157-162; the Chickamauga campaign, AL ii. 163-165; battle of Chattanooga, AL ii. 166, 167; employment of draft, AL ii. 193-196; Grant made Lieutenant-General, his plans, AL ii. 276, 277; TOPICAL INDEX 307 siege of Cliarleston, CFA 341, 342; Grant's Virginia campaign, AL ii. 278-281; Early's raid against Washington, AL ii. 281-283; Sherman's Atlanta campaign, AL ii. 283; capture of Mohile, AL ii. 284; Sheridan's valley campaign, AL ii. 284, 286; the march to the sea, AL ii. 300; the battle of Nashville, AL ii. 300, 301; naval battles, AL ii. 301; effect of blockade, TS 183-184; difBoulties in preventing trade with South, SPC 226-229; military decline of Confederate States, AL ii. 330; siege of Petersburg, AL ii. 330-332; Sherman's Carolina campaign, AL ii. 331; last conilicts of Lee's army, AL ii. 331-339; surrender of Confederate armies, AL ii. 339, 340. MTLITIA, see Military History, MrmriisoTA, carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221. TVrTTTT, Hamilton's report on, AH 105-107; attempt of Bandolph to abolish, JR 80; motion of Benton to establish branches in South, THB 129. MISSISSrPFI, opposes tariff, THB 80; demands annexation of Texas, JCC 232; threatens secession, THB 291, CS 88; calls Southern Convention at Nashville, JCC 323; carried by Union party in 1861, WHS 105; process of secession in, AL i. 182, 186, CS 180; sends commissioners to persuade North Carolina to secede, AL i. 188; passes apprentice and contract laws to regulate negroes, TS 250, 251; completion of reconstruction in, CS 376; brings suit against President Johnson, SPC 349. 308 TOPICAL INDEX MISSISSIPPI NAVIGATIOH', see Diplomatic History. MISSOUBI, early frontier society in, THB 9, 12,33; carried as a Territory by pro-slavery party, THB 39; petitions for admission to Union, HC i. 172; struggle in Congress over its admission, HC i. 172, 177, THB 38, 39; joined with Maine, HC i. 177; compromise concerning, HC i. 177, 178, THB 39, 40; adopts constitution prohibiting entrance of free negroes, HC i. 183; debates over, in Congress, HC i. 184-189; question of counting its electoral vote, HC i. 189-192; favors Jackson after Clay in 1824, AJ 115, 125, HC i. 233; litigation in, over French and Spanish land titles, TH£ 40, 41; favors tarifE of 1824, THB 53; favors tariff of 1828 because of lead duty, THB 60; opposes nullification, AJ 335; its boundaries extended, THB 151, 152; at first Unionist, gradually becomes pro-slavery, THB 284; its legislature compliments Van Buren, MYB 399; led to oppose secession in 1850 by Benton's influence, THB 287; refuses to take part in KTashville Convention, THB 289; struggle in, between " Hards " and " Softs," THB 302, 303; instructs Senators to vote for slavery extension, THB 303; refuses to reelect Benton to Senate, THB 304; campaign of Benton in, for governorship, THB 313, 314; sends " Border ruffians " into Kansas, LC 317, WHS 153- 155, CS 132; refuses to furnish volunteers in 1861, AL i. 263; civil war in, between Unionists and Secessionists, AL i. 269, 270; Fremont's career in, AL i. 349-351; saved by Curtis's campaign, AL i, 351; TOPICAL INDEX 309 refuses compensated emancipation, AL ii. 129, 130, CS 237; Kepublican leaders of, declare against Lincoln, AL ii. 254, 255; action of Missouri Republicans in national convention, AL ii. 262, 263. MISSOUBI COMFBOUISS, struggle over, in Congress, JMon 147-151, JQA 119, JR 272, MVB 73, 74, 90, 91, HC i. 172, 177, 178, 184-200, DW 267-269, JCC 73, 74, THB 39, 40, 43, WHS 9, 111, 116. disapproved by JefEerson, TJ 291, 293; discussion of its statesmanship, HC i. 195-200; line of, extended through Texas, JCC 253, THB 276; violated in extension of Missouri, THB 151, 152, WHS 116; its extension proposed over new Territories, HC ii. 320, 334, 368, DW 286, 289, JCC 278, THB 295, 299, LC 239, 265, AL i. 86, 90; later denied to be binding on South, JCC 292, 308, AL i. 93,94; repealed in Kansas-Nebraska Act, THB 309, LC 294, AL i. 94, WHS 117-127, TS 101, CS 103, 104, SPC 133-146; declared unconstitutional in Dred Scott case, WHS 169- 171; its renewal proposed in Crittenden compromise, WHS 215. MOUMOUTH, see Military History. MOETBOE DOOTKHraS, critical and historical study of, JMon 159-179; bibliography of, J Mon 277-294; anticipated in principle by J. Adams, JA 111, 268; practically established by Hamilton and^Washington, AH 161, 210, 211; anticipated by JefEerson, TJ 208; share of J. Q. Adams in establishing, JQA 129-148; attitude of Clay toward, HC i. 209^210; denounced in Congress, A J 137; its relation to Panama Congress, MVB 124, HC i. 268, 269; 310 TOPICAL INDEX Seward's theory of, WHS 110; infringed by French conquest of Mexico, WHS 356, 358. ITASHVILLE COITVENTIOW, originated by Calhoun, JCC 323, 324, 326; called by Mississippi state convention, HC ii. 322, JCC 323; its objects, HC ii. 322; at first session denounces compromises, HC ii. 354; at second session with small attendance disapproves of com- promise measures, HC ii. 374, JCC 327; opinions concerning, HC ii. 378, DW 284. WAVT, begun by continental Congress, JA 109; aided by Franklin, BF 300-303; advocated by J. Adams, JA 275; its exploits in Bevolntion, BF 300, 301; upheld by Federalists under Washington and Adams, GM 253, 254, DW 44; denounced by Republicans as unnecessary, GM 254, 303, AG 123, 124, 130, 137, 157, 186, 188, 216, JK 120, 121, 179, 224, HC i. 80, THB 241; badly administered by Smith, JB 159, 209; JefEerson's gunboat scheme, AG 288, 289; its career in War of 1812, GM 304, JR 251, HC i. 87, 98, DW44, 45, 50, 51; upheld by War Republicans, HC i. 80-82, JCC 27; in Civil War, WHS 338. nSBBASKA, admitted as a State, CS 316, 326. KSOBOBS, see Congress, Fugitine Slave Law, Slavery, Slave Trade, and Reconstruction. lirEtJTKALITT PROCIiAMATIOlT, see Diplomatic History. JJilW BURGH AJ3DKBSSES, their origin and control by Washington, GW ii. 335, AH 40,41. TOPICAL INDEX 311 NEW ENGLAiro, Colonial Period, 1750-1783, character of its people, GW i. 138, 315, JA 17, JK 58, DW 124, THB 68; democratic theories of government in, SA 49-57, LC 256; influence of clergy in, JA 10, 11, 21; disliked by Middle and Southern colonies, SA 306, JA 65- 67, 86, 132, 133, JK 19; effect of Virginia Resolves in, PH 80, 82, 88; separate confederation planned for in 1776, SA 306, BF 211 ; its attitude toward Washington, GW i. 138, 139, 214; its troops at first disliked, later praised by Washington, GW i. 152, 317, 344; excited by Burgoyne's invasion, GW i. 204, GM 60, 61; distrusts Schuyler, GM 62; demands appointment of Gates, GW i. 208, AH 18; opposes half-pay scheme, GM 69; demands rights to fisheries in treaty of peace, J J 143, 149; approves treaty of peace, JJ 199, 200. Period of Sectionalism, 1783-1815, makes profits from slave trade, GM 139, 140; sends emigrants to Ohio and the West, HC i. 13, THB 2, LC 19, 158, GM 9, 10; opposes molasses tax in first tariff, JMad 127; welcomes Washington on tour as President, GW i. 74; tour of Jefferson and Madison in, JMad 175; angered at Orders in Council, JJ 263; denounces Jay Treaty, AH 187, JJ 281, 282; wishes war with France, AH 199; stronghold of Federalist party, GM 281, TJ 192, JMad 243, AG 163, DW 41, 45; _^ hates Jefferson and Madison, AH 220, GM 302, 303, TJ 192, 193, JMad 311; jealous of West, GM 300, THB 69; Democratic gains in, TJ 193; denounces embargo, TJ 276, 279, JMad 279, AG 293, JQA 62, AJ 32, D W 43, THB 84, LC 54; 312 TOPICAL INDEX IfEW EII'aLAin} (continued), opposes war with England, JMad 296, JQA47, 48; intrigues of John Henry in, JMad 298-301, HC i. 82; plots secession, AH 243, GM 310, 311, JMad 299-301, AG 213, HC i. 82, 85, 89, 99, 106, DW46; error of Madison's policy toward, J Mad 310, JCC 27; its part in War of 1812, JMad 311, THB 8; tries to keep militia independent, GM 310; condemns attack on Canada, JMad 310, HC i. 89; refuses to subscribe to loans, AG 212, 213; hopes of England to reunite, AG 313; calls Hartford Convention, JMad 311; ceases opposition after peace of Ghent, AJ 51. Period of Industrialism, 1815-1870, opposes tariff of 1816, HC i. 130, DW 153, 157; prominence of bar in, DW 34, 35; opposes tariff of 1824, HC i. 219, DW 153, 157; popularity of Calhoun in, A J 104, DW 60; votes for Adams in 1824, JQA 169, HC i. 226, DW 140, 144; turns from free trade to protection, AJ 237, 244, HC i. 286, DW 162-165, THB 60, LC 142; supports Adams in 1828, AJ 148, HC i. 288; denounced by Hayne, DW 168, 169, 176, 177; acquiesces in compromise tariff, DW 218; Jackson's tour in, A J 350; popularity of VanBuren in, MVB 280; I applauds J. Q. Adams's course in Congress, JQA 232; becomes stronghold of Whig party, DW 146; less given to speculation than the West, THB 113; military inferiority of, THB 34, 50; disapproves annexations, THB 50; how affected by Webster's Seventh of Maich speech, HC ii. 341; does not fear secession in 1859, THB 314; speeches of Lincoln in, AL i. 155; Bepublican stronghold in 1862, TS 221. TOPICAL INDEX 313 TSTEw hamfsbxke;, ohaxaoter of its settlers, DW 4; guards Tories during Bevolutiou, J J 62; takes part in Yeriuont trouble, J J 94; suffers from paper money craze, LC 37; appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59; ratifies federal Constitution, JMad 115, LC 36, 37; its bar, DW 34r-36; importance of established church in, DW 73, 74; a Federalist stronghold, DW 73; kept out of Hartford Convention by Webster's influence, DW56; political excitement in, over Dartmouth College case, DW 74-76,81; carried by Republicans, DW 76; popularity of Calhoun in, AJ 105; Democratic party in, built up by Hill, AJ186, 187; bitterness of politics in, AJ 273, 274; proposes a convention to nomiaate Van Buren, AJ 317; urges reduction of tariff, A J 335; calls for Wilmot Proviso, LC 233. mEW JERSEY, appoints Franklin agent, BF 138; its Assembly disapproves of Stamp Act Congress, PH 81; ravages of British in, during War of Revolution, GW i. 185; gives large powers to delegates to Annapolis Convention, AH 54, JMad 59, 60; votes for Adams in 1828, AJ 148; opposes reduction of tariff, A J 335; disputed congressional election in, JQA 290-292; passes Wilmot Proviso resolutions, LC 233; carried by Democrats in 1866, LC 323; divides electoral vote in 1860, LC 339; carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 125. JSTE'W MSXICO, slavery prohibited in, JCC 310; its conquest the object of Mexican War, JCC 277, AL i, 86; 314 TOPICAL INDEX conquered by Kearny, HC ii. 285; question of possibility of slavery in, JCC 310, 311, WHS 69, 92, 98, SPC 120, HC ii. 368, 369; organization proposed by Folk and others, HC ii. 320, JCC 312; protests against introduction of slavery, HC ii. 321, DW 290, JCC 315, CS 66; urged by Taylor to form a state constitution, HC ii. 322, 326, THB 293, AL i. 87; its boundary dispute with Texas, HC ii. 351; organized by compromise of 1850, HC ii. 332, 363, LC 283, ALi. 91; its admission as a slave State proposed in 1861, TS 126, 129; peonage abolished in, CS 329. NEW OBIiEAKS, its acquisition desired by Jefferson, TJ 207-211, 214, 216, JR 75, 76, A J 22, 23; privilege of deposit at, cut off by Spain, TJ 212, JB 74; Claiborne's career at, JR 115; defense of by Jackson in 1815, JQA 96, 97, AJ 35, 44r-60, MVB 63, HC i. 117, 118; Jackson's attempt to keep it under martial law, AJ 53-66; Butler's administration of, objected to by English, WHS 342, CFA 243-248. NEJV YORK, Colonial and Revolutionary Period, to 1783, early society in, GW i. 99, GM 18, 23; mixed nationalities, JJ 1, 2, 8, GM 8-12; aristocracy in, GM'l, 2, 12, 13; lower classes, GM 15, JJ 29, 30; merchant classes, GM 13, 19, J J 2; religious sects in, GM 8, 11, 15-17; case of Cosby vs Van Dam in, JJ 75, AH 237; part played by, in French and Indian wars, GM 3; position of Iroquois in, LC 4; demands rights of Englishmen, GM 6, 12; opposes Stamp Act, J J 4, 5; TOPICAL INDEX 315 composition of Whig party in, GM 17-19, JJ 30; origin and strength of Tories in, GM 6, 16, 17, 33, AH 67; bar of, before and after Revolution, TJ 15, 16, MVB 20-29; opposition in, to non-importation, J J 24-27, 37; its Assembly controlled by Loyalists, AH 7, GM 18, 19, 28, 29, JJ 22, 39; dislikes to pay taxes, GM 32; sympathizes with Boston, GM 30; establishes committees of correspondence, J J 23; proposes common action of colonies, J J 27; mobs in, against Tories, AH 10 11, GM 26, 37, 39, JJ 46; elects revolutionary committees and congresses, GM 29, 30, JJ 37, 39; elects delegates to Congress, JJ 29, 30, 38, 39, 46; considers plan to issue paper money, GM 20; slow to support radical actions of Congress, GM 31, 37-39, J J 48, 49; requests Congress to issue paper money, GM 33; begins to prepare for war, AH 12, GM 31, JJ 40; proposes plans of reconciliation, GM 34, 36; protests against Quebec Act, GM 35, J J 77; welcomes both Washington and Tryon, GM 37, 38; opposes invasion of Canada, GM 39; issues paper money, GM 40; ratifies Declaration of Independence, GM 41, 51, JJ 53; battles in, during Revolution, GW i. 159-169, JJ 55, 56; occupation of part of, by British, GW i. 177, 264, GM 41, 46, JJ 54, 55; anarchy in, during Revolution, GM 42, JJ 58, 59, 87, 88; pepsecutes Loyalists, GM 33, 52, JJ 59-62, 89-91; convention of, drafts constitution, GM 52-68, J J 68; organizes government, GM 58, 59, J J 79; elects Clinton Governor, GM 59, J J 82; invaded by Burgoyne, GM 59, 60, J J 83-86; elects Morris and Jay delegates to Congress, GM 66, 86, J J 96, 103; quarrels with Vermont, GM 83-85, JJ 94-96, 102, 103, 217; evacuated by British, GW i. 345. 316 TOPICAL INDEX HEW TOKK (continued), History as a State, 1783-1863, refuses to reform taxes, AH 34, JJ 47; continues to persecute Tories, AH 45-47; quarrels with neighboring States, AH 51-53; recommends a closer union, AH 34; rejects schemes for a federal revenue, AH 55, JMad 36, 37; elects delegates to Annapolis Convention, AH 54, JMad 59; opposition in, to new constitution, AH 64, 65; struggle in, over ratification, AH 69-75, GM 144, JJ 228- 233; ratifies with amendments, PH 345, AH 72, 78, JMad 115; proposes a second convention, PH 345, AH 79; prevented from choosing electors or congressmen, AH 79; formation of two parties in, TJ 243, GM 283, 284; partly carried by Federalists in 1789, AH 80, 81; emigrants from, in West, THB 2, LC 124, 156; election of 1792 in, GM 284, 285, JJ 240-252; tour of Madison and Jefferson in, JMad 175, 176; elects Jay Governor, GM 284, 285, JJ 284; rioting in, against Jay treaty, GW ii. 187, AH 187, JJ 282, JMad 213, AG 103; yellow fever in, JJ 286-287; rejects bills to abolish slavery, JJ 288, 291; reelects Jay, JJ 292; appropriates money for defense, AH 205, J J 292, 293; passes Emancipation Act, J J 293; elects Morris to Senate, GM 285; carried by Burr for Republicans, AH 223, GM 286, JJ 296, AG 163; proposal of Hamilton to retain part of its electoral vote for Federalists, AH 224, 225, GM 286, J J 295, 296; difficulties in, between Jay and Council of Appointment, JJ 297, 298; elects convention to settle question of appointing power, JJ 298, MVB 45, 46; governorship of Clinton in, JR 230, 231; TOPICAL INDEX 317 development of spoils system in, AJ 131-133, MYB 46-57, HC i. 333, THB 72, 73, LC 139, WHS 24r-26; lefuses to reelect Morris to Senate, 6M 295; divisions of Republican party of, into Clintonian and Living- stonian factions, MVB 40-45, 51, 52, WHS 7; defeat of Burr for Governor, AH 243; votes for George Clinton for President in 1808, JR 233; votes for DeWitt CUnton in 1812, MVB 58, 59; takes war measures, MVB 61, 62, THB 8; thanks Jackson after battle of New Orleans, MVB 63; division of Republican party of, into Clintonians and Buck- tails, MVB 65 67; building of Erie Canal in, GM 295, MVB 65; popularity of Clinton in, MVB 66; elects King Senator, MVB 69; carried by Bucktails in 1820, MVB 73; elects Van Buren to Senate, MVB 76; opposes admission of Missouri as a slave State, MVB 74; holds constitutional convention, MVB 77-87; animosity in, toward judiciary, MVB 84-86, popularity of Calhoun in, AJ 104, LC 206, 207; indignation in, over Clinton's removal from canal commis- sionership, MVB 109, 110; settles electoral vote of 1824 by a deal in Legislature, JQA 169, 173, AJ 111, 113, 115, MVB 109-115; elects Clinton Governor, MVB 110, 113, 147, 148; visited by Lafayette, WHS 6; controlled by Albany Regency, AJ 111, MVB 111, THB 164; reelects Van Buren Senator, MVB 147; reorganization of parties in, A J 292; rise of Anti-Masons in, AJ 290-293, HC i. 342, WHS 11, 12, MVB 167; instructs Van Buren to vote for tariff of 1828, AJ 251, MVB 144; casts electoral vote of 1828 by districts, AJ 148, MVB 166- 168, JCC 83; 318 TOPICAL INDEX NEW TOHK (continued), governorship of Van Buren in, MVB 168-176; incurs debt for internal improvements, WHS 22, 23; asks Jackson to accept a second term, A J 4:02; passes resolutions against Bank, AJ 316; opposes nullification, A J 335; election of 1832 in, WHS 13; election of 1834 in, WHS 19; rise and history of Locofoco party in, AJ 433-438; bread riots in, during panic of 1837, MVB 314, 315; sympathy in, for Canadian insurgents, MVB 353, 363, 369; elects Seward Governor, MVB 342, THB 174, WHS 21; election of Clay delegates from, prevented by a trick, HC ii. 176-179; arrests and tries MoLeod, DW 241, THB 239, LC 176, 178, WHS 28-31; refuses to release McLeod on request of United States, DW 242, 243, THB 240, LC 176, WHS 30, 31; Native American movement in, JCC 213; visited by Cass, LC 197; enthusiasm in, for Clay, HC ii. 230; carried by Polk in 1844, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 266, 266, LC 222, WHS 39, 45, 47; struggle in, between Hunkers and Barnburners, HC ii. 304, 305, LC 240, 242; supports Wilmot Proviso, MVB 417, 418, LC 233; carried by Whigs in 1848, MVB 422, 431, HC ii. 314, LC 243, 261, WHS 50, 55; elects Seward Senator, WHS 55; struggle between Seward and Fillmore for control of patron- age in, WHS 96; Free-Soil movement in, collapses, LC 290, 291; campaign of 1854 in, WHS 138-140; carried by Know-Nothings in 1855, WHS 152; corruption in, under Weed's control, SPC 184-187; Lincoln's speech of 1859 in, AL i. 153-155; election of 1860 in, MVB 445, SPC 180; TOPICAL INDEX 319 threatens secession in 1861, ALi. 197; carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220; draft riots in, AL ii. 196, 197. NE'WBPAPEKS, Colonial to 1783, " New England Courant," published by Franklin, BF 5; importance of Boston press during taxation controversy, SA 9, 119; " Boston Gazette," organ of Whigs before Kevolution, S A 48, 116, 119, 120; use of " Boston Gazette " by the Adamses, S A 119, 123, 126, 137, 172, 174, 213, 214,270, 326, JA 81; "Massachusetts Gazette," organ of Tories, SA 119; " Chronicle," Tory paper suppressed by mob in Boston, SA 139; " Pennsylvania Gazette," published by Franklin, its charac- ter and success, BF 12, 23, 44; use of English papers, " London Chronicle " and " Public Advertiser," by Franklin, BF 47, 182; destruction of New York Tory press by mob, AH 11, GM 39, JJ 25, 37, 46. Republican and Federalist Press, 1783-1815, " Fenno's Gazette," used by Hamilton as Federalist organ, GW ii. 230, AH 141, TJ 119; " National Grazette," established under Freneau as Republi- can organ, GW ii. 227, 228, AH 141, TJ 119-121, JMad 168-172; newspaper attack of Hamilton on Jefferson, AH 143, 145, TJ 121; "National Gazette," attacks Washington, GW ii. 238, JMad 205; "Aurora," under Bache attacks Washington and Federalists, GWii. 256, AG 104; virulence of newspaper abuse in Adams's administration, GM281; Richmond "Recorder," slanders Jefferson, TJ 202, 203; " Boston Patriot," used by Adams to attack Federalists; " Niles Register," celebrates battle of New Orleans, JQA 96. 320 TOPICAL INDEX IfEWSPAPEBB (continued), Party Newspapers, 1815-1840, value attached to party organ by politicians, MVB 191, 192; "Niles Register," denounces banks, A J 269; " Detroit Gazette," urges education, LC 27; Crawford's Georgia papers attack Calhoun, JCC 53; "Albany Argus," the organ of Albany Regency, MVB 191; " Columbia Telescope," wishes a Southern convention against the tarifE in 1824, JCC 65; Clay publishes cards on election of 1824 in " National In- telligenoer," HC i. 242, 243; " North American Review," under Everett and Palfrey, CFA 17, 18, CS 14; newspaper controversy over Calhoun's presidency of Sen- ate, A J 141; " Telegraph," started as Jackson organ at Washington, AJ 134, 144, 185, 191, HC ii. 280; party press organized to oppose Adams's administration, A J 133, 134, 186, 202; "Virginia Jackson Republican," denounces Tyler, HC i. 279; " Niles Register," advocates protection, A J 245; its ignorance of English politics, A J 178; newspaper excitement in campaign of 1828, HC i. 278, 288; " Albany Evening Journal," becomes Anti-Masonio and Whig organ, WHS 12; " New York Courier and Enquirer," favors Van Buren for succession, A J 201; papers subsidized by Bank, A J 305; " Telegraph," supports Calhoun against Jackson, MVB 191, A J 201, 206; " National Intelligencer," upholds Bank and becomes Whig organ, AJ 305; " Globe," started to be Jackson organ after defection of " Telegraph," MVB 191, 194, 247, THB 222, A J 206, HC 1.350, LC 161; " Globe," becomes despotic head of party, AJ 207, 208, 325, 326; TOPICAL INDEX 321 drives Democratic party into sapport of Van Buren, AJ 317, 318; "Liberator," started, JCC 121, CFA 65, CS 16; " Harrisburg Telegraph," praises Stevens' speech on free schools, TS 33; "Niles Register," gives origin of name Whig, AJ 439, HC u. 45; " Globe," accuses Foindezter of inciting attempt to murder Jackson, A J 433; " New York Evening Post," acts as organ of Equal Bights party, AJ 436, MVB 344; " New York Post," opposes gag rule, MVB 271; " New York Post," read out of party by « Globe," A J 436; " Courier and Enquirer," nicknames Equal Kights party, Locofocos, A J 436; " Globe," deprived of House printing under Van Buren, MVB 338; "Philadelphia Grazette," gives reasons for panic of 1839, MVB 371; behavior of newspapers in campaign of 1840, MVB 388, 393, HC ii. 193. Rise of Modem Journalism, 1840-1865, " New York Herald," begins sensational journalism, CFA 66, 67, LC 201, 202; characteristics of newspapers in the middle of the century, CFA 64-66, 72, 73; small circulation of leading papers, CFA 66; "Boston Daily Advertiser," acts as organ of Webster, CFA 65; « Globe's " editor displaced by Polk, THB 281; " Bichmond Enquirer," gives reasons for Calhoun's nomina- tion to State Department, JCC 260; Liberty party newspapers, SPC 61, 62; "Democratic Review," criticises Calhoun's use of Paken- ham's dispatches, JCC 241; "National Intelligencer," denounces Mexican War Bill, CFA 73; 322 TOPICAL INDEX WEWBPAJPEBB (continued), career of « Boston Whig," under C. F. Adams, CFA 50, 51, 63-69, 82, 87; " Albany Evening Journal," under Weed, supports Seward against Fillmore, WHS 97; •'Detroit Tribune," demands a new party in 1854, LC 304; "Kichmond Enquirer" and "Charleston Mercniy," de- nounce Cass, LC 306, 349; " Evening Post " and " New York Tribune," applaud Lin- coln's New York speech, AL i. 155; " Central Illinois Gazette," proposes Lincoln for President, ALi. 161; South Carolina papers urge secession, AL i. 185; " New York Tribune," condemns Lincoln and urges letting South separate, AL i. 191, 192, ii. 270; "New York Herald," holds coercion impossible, AL i. 193; " Springfield Republican," calls for " an hour of Jackson," LC349; "Richmond Examiner," abuses Lincoln and the Republi- cans, AL i. 209; influence of " New York Tribune," AL ii. 106; it prints " Prayer of Twenty Millions," AL ii. 105; "Tribune," attacks Lincoln's veto of reconstruction bill, AL ii. 234; attitude of London " Times," CFA 160, 231-233, 238, 243, 292, 303, 304, 395; comments of English press on Civil War, CFA 230, 239, 241-243, 292, 293, 300. IflCABAGUA, relations of England with, under Clayton-Bulwer treaty, DW 327; filibustering in, LC 315, 316; treaty with, concerning canal, WHS 391. xrounTATioiirs, see Party Organization, TOPICAL INDEX 323 NOW-HD'OBTATIOIT In Revolutionary Straggle, used against Stamp Act, BF 115, 116, SA 45, 66; its effects in England, BF 173, 175, 176, SA 67; urged later by Franklin, BF 173, 175; used against Townshend duties, SA 90, 97, 267, JJ 22, TJ 16; revived by " Solemn League and Covenant," SA 268, 270; renewed by continental Congress, SA 287, JJ 29, 34, 35; In Napoleonic Wars, proposed in 1794 against England, TJ 149; adopted in 1806, TJ 257, JMad 260, 261, JQA 40, 49, JK 172, 176; suspended, TJ 262, 263, JMad 261; renewed after repeal of embargo, JMad 271, AG 293, JQA 56, JR 226, HC i. 71, 73; raised, then renewed by proclamation, JMad 274, 277, HC i. 73, 75; maintained during War of 1812, JCC 23, 24. WOBTH, Elements of Sectionalism to 1820, its attitude on slavery in eighteenth century, JCC 169, 170; ignores Southern interests in proposing surrender of Missis- sippi navigation in 1787, PH 307, JJ 219, 211, JMad 77- 80; in federal convention, shows jealonsy of West, GM 126, 128, JMad 77; clashes with South over slavery compromises, GM 140, JMad 94-109; shows sectional feeling in opposing Louisiana purchase, JQA 35; opposes embargo, JQA 52, 53. Beginnings of Sectioned Feeling, 1820-1844, its attitude toward slavery in 1820, MYB 91, 92, HC i. 173, AL i. 84, WHS 10, CS 38; first acts against slavery extension in Missouri compromise struggle, JQA 122, 123, HC i. 174^178, 184-189, THB 38,39; 324 TOPICAL INDEX NOBTH (continued), leasons for its acquiescence in compromise, MVB 93, HC i. 178, CFA 54; its economic superiority to South becomes evident, MVB 91, HC ii. 164, AL i. 84, WHS 190, 191; favors tariff, MVB 143; denounces nullification, HC ii. 7, THB 94; Jackson's and Clay's tours in, HC ii. 7, 25, LC 153, AJ 350; humanitarian movement in, SPC 121, CFA 56; causes for rise of abolitionism in, SFC 35, 36; alarmed at abolitionists, HC ii. 73, THB 143; persecutes abolitionists, HC ii. 75-78, JCC 121, 133, THB 146-148, LC 178, CS 39, 40; how affected by abolitionists, HC ii. 78; stirred up by anti-slavery petition struggle in Congress, HC ii. 163, JCC 124, 166, LC 198, 199; considered socially inferior to South by Calhoun, JCC 175, 176; protests against annexation of Texas, HC ii. 236; adopts a new attitude of opposition to slavery after 1840, MVB 437, DW 237, JCC 133, CS 41; shows cowardice in not wishing war on boundary question, THB 236, 237. Sectional Action against Eztenslon of Slavery, 1844-1861, denounces Calhoun's Fakenham letter, JCC 241-244; attempts of Webster to rouse it against Texas annexation, DW 280, 281; unpopularity of Mexican War in, HC ii. 289, JCC 281; instructs Senators and Representatives to vote for Wilmot Proviso, HC ii. 286, 302, 323, D W 289, JCC 282, 283, 290, 291, LC 233, AL i. 86; possibility of its forming a sectional party foretold by Clay, HC ii. 325, 326; opposes Texan boundary claims, HC ii. 331 ; appealed to by Clay to compromise with South, HC ii. 325, 334, 337; TOPICAL INDEX 325 its Union sentiment undervalued by South, HC ii. 391 ; does not appreciate earnestness of South, HC ii. 390; its grievances according to Webster, DW 294, 296; effect of the Seventh of March speech upon, DW 315, 316, LC 278, 279, WHS 80; its feelings on slavery not understood by South, HC ii. 371, JCC 179, CFA 53; impossibility of its yielding to Calhoun's theory, JCC 295, 296, 311, WHS 71, 72; reasons for its yielding to South, JCC 149, 298-303, TS 83, 84; alarmed by disunion threats into favoring compromise of 1850, HC ii. 341-343, JCC 342; unable to satisfy South, JCC 207, HC i. 169; agitation in, to suppress anti-slavery agitation, HC ii. 377, 378, 386, 387, LC 285, 286, 290, WHS 114; impossibility of its ceasing agitation, JCC 343, CS 128; exasperated at Fugitive Slave Law, HC ii. 370-376, DW 297-299, LC 284, WHS 98-101; denounces Douglas for Kansas-Nebraska Act, LC 295, 300, AL i. 95, WHS 121, 128, SPC 146, TS 102; disappearance of old parties in, LC 300, AL i. 99, 100; its interpretation of squatter sovereignty, WHS 64; sends emigrants to settle Kansas, LC 300, WHS 152, CS 132; enraged at Kansas troubles, WHS 163; angered at assault on Sumner, WHS 164, CS 152, 163; denounces Dred Scott decision, AL i. 103; passes Personal Liberty Laws, SPC 163, 164, CS 121, 122; continues to dislike abolitionists, AL i. 115, TS 133, 134; effect of Lincoln's " House divided against itself " speech upon, AL i. 120, 156, 157; carried by Lincoln in election of 1860, LC 339, AL i. 178, SPC 196; guilty of causing secession, according to Buchanan, TS 116; repudiates Buchanan's doctrine of secession, LC 342. 326 TOPICAL INDEX WOBTH (continued). Contest with Southern Confederacy, 1861-1865, panic in, during winter of 1861, LC 350, AL i. 181, 190-195, 231, TS 130, CFA 118-121, CS 181; movement in, to allow peaceable secession, AL i. 192, 193, SPC 199, 200, CPA 149-162; demands compromises, AL i. 194, WHS 209, CFA 133, 134, CS 184, 189-194; rallied by Lincoln on issue of saving the Union, AL i. 226- 228, TS 134, 135; war enthusiasm in, LC 350-363, AL i. 251, 252, 255, 271, 272, ii. 1, SPC 211, TS 137, 138; compared with South in fighting qualities, THB 34, AL i. 253, 264, CFA 162; doubts Lincoln's ability, AL i. 273-275, CFA 124; cries « on to Richmond," AL i. 299, 300; sobered after battle of Bull Bun, AL i. 302; impatient with unsuccessful generals, AL i. 311-314, ii. 70, 71, 142, 143; expects English sympathy, AL i. 369, WHS 271, CFA 154, CS 208; rejoices at capture of Mason and Slidell, AL i. 281, CFA 211, 226, CS 209, 210; grows to hate England during war, AL i. 386, CFA 172, 233-236, CS 208, 248-253; growth of anti-slayery feeling in, AL ii. 11-15, 131, TS 212; opposition in, to war, AL ii. 95-97; the masses in, trust Lincoln, AL ii. 105, 200, 201; effect of Emancipation Proclamation in, AL ii. 121, 123, TS 223, 224; sends food ships to England, CFA 276, 277; discouraged by French offer of mediation, AL ii. 174, 175; decay of war enthusiasm in, AL ii. 194-198, WHS 327, TS 195; draft riots in, AL ii. 196, 197 ; reaUy under Lincoln's dictatorship, AL ii. 286; TOPICAL INDEX 327 rejoices at end of war, AL ii. 328, 340; angered at anti-negro laws of South, TS 264, 265, CS 307; political effects of war upon, CFA 377. If OBTH CABOUN A, Western emigration from, HCi. 14, 16, THB 2; Greene's campaign in, GW i. 301, 302; appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad S9; its war debt, JMad 151; postpones ratification of Constitution, AH 74, GM 143, JMad 116-118; having ratified Constitution, sends Congressmen, who defeat assumption of state debt, AH 121, JMad 141, 142; opposition in, to excise law, AH 179, 180; passes relief laws, AJ 152; denounces tariff, AJ 266, 257, 336; does not favor nullification, A J 257, 261, 336, THB 88; nomiaates Clay for presidency, HC ii. 230; opposes both secession and coercion, AL i. 182, 183; urged by Mississippi to secede, AL i. 188; refuses to furnish troops, AL i. 255; secedes, AL i. 269; reconstruction of, WHS 377, TS 246, 247, CS 293; carpet-bag government in, TS 301. WOKTHWEST, its early settlement by French, LC 3-14, 20-24; claims of States over its territory, ceded to United States, JMon 23; ordinance of 1787 for government of, JMon 26, 26, HC i. 28, 29, DW 272, LC 122, AL i. 82; developed by American immigrants, LC 1-3, 168; Cass's governorship of, LC 30, 33, 88-132; Indians in, LC 100, 115, 126, 127, 141; national feeling in, LC 65, 56, 302; expansionist feeling in, LC 226, 227; anti-slavery feeling in, LC 234, 249, 254-260, 303; political character of, LC 156-158, 223, 266-258, 357; rise of Eepublicam party in, LC 301, 302, 339. 328 TOPICAL INDEX BrUIiLrFICATIOIT, proposed in Kentucky resolutions, JMad 240, AJ 252-256, JCC 79-82; proposed by Calhoun and others in South Carolina, AJ 251, 260, DW 167, HC i. 347, ii. 2, 3, JCC 81, 82; debated by Webster and Hayne, DW 169-175, THB 70, 71, MVB 188; carried out in 1832, AJ 327, 328, DW 207, JCC 103, THB 84, 85,90, LC 145; Jackson's proclamation against, AJ 328-330, DW 207, THB 90, LC 148, HC ii. 7; opinions of statesmen on, JMar 254, JMad 236-240, JQA 235, 236, JR 301, 302, AJ 330-335, DW 210, LC 147, MVB 198, 199, 248, 249; discussions of, HC ii. 3, 4, DW 210, JCC 80, 99, 100, 111, 144, 145, THB 85, 86, LC 144. OHIO, lateness of its discovery and settlement, LC 5; early settlement of, HC i. 13, LC 4, 5, 40, 43, 255, SPC 14, 15, 28; first religious activities in, SPC 4; early education in, LC 26, 27; characteristics of Western Eeserve in, LC 255-258; adopts a Democratic constitution, LC 43, 44; rivalry in between northern and southern sections, SPC 29; early legal practice in, LC 45-47; investigates Burr conspiracy, LC 49, 50; impeaches judges for declaring a law unconstitutional, LC 52; its part in War of 1812, LC 85; favors Jackson as second choice in 1824, A J 115, HC i. 233; Anti-Masonry in, A J 293; journey of Clay in, HC i. 340, 341; early anti-slavery action in, SPC 33-39, 43, 44; has boundary controversy with Michigan, A J 446, 447; nominates McLean for President, AJ 444; TOPICAL INDEX 329 fugitive slave cases in, SPC 73-75, 80, 81, 166-170; abolitionists in, oppose Whigs, HC ii. 164; strength of Whig paity in, LC 156; rise of Liberty party in, SPC 84, 86, 93, 94; Whigs of, nominate Clay foi President, HC ii. 230; passes resolutions in favor of Wilmot Proviso, LC 233; Free Territory convention in, LC 251, SPC 96, 97; anti-slavery spirit of Western Reserve, LC 254-256; carried by Cass in election of 1848, LC 259, WHS 51; struggle in, over organization of Legislature, SPC 105- 107; elects Chase to Senate, LC 264, SPC 104-112; repeals Black Laws, SPC 107; career of Free-Soil party in, SPC 131, 132; elects Wade to Senate, HC ii. 405; declines to reelect Chase, SPC 133; carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 308, SPC 151; elects Chase Governor, SPC 154-156; Chase's administration of, SPC 156-158, 161, 162; campaign of 1858 in, AL i. 151; reelects Chase Governor, SPC 162, 163; elects Chase to Senate, SPC 181; carried by Democrats in election of 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220; career of Yallandigham in, AL ii. 184, 185; carried by Union party in 1865, AL ii. 192; renominates Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 251, SPC 314; ratifies Fifteenth Amendment, SPC 372, OGDBIf VB SAinrSSBS, see Constitution. OBDEBS IN COUITCrL, see Diplomatif History and England. OBBGHDir, exploration and settlement of, HC ii. 279; joint occupation of, AG 335, 343, 347, HC ii. 278, JCC 261, THE 249, 250, LC 229; bill to occupy, JCC 262, THE 251; 330 TOPICAL INDEX demand of West for, HC ii. 280, JCC 265, THB 254, LC 226; its reoccupation demanded by Democrats in 1844, HC ii. 252, DW 258, LC 226; its boundaries settled by compromise with England, HC ii. 282, 283, DW 269, JCC 273, THB 254, LC 230; bill to organize it without slavery fails in Senate, HC ii. 303, DW 286, JCC 306, THB 289, 290; votes against slavery, HC ii. 303, JCC 306; organized in 1848, HC ii. 313, DW 287, JCC 314, LC 262; carried by Bepublicans in 1862, AL ii. 125. " OBETO," see Diplomatic History. OSBOBIir TS BANK OF UlSnTED STATES, see Constitution. OSTEITD MANIFESTO, see Diplomatic History. PANAMA CONQBESS, participation in, recommended by Adams, JQA 189, JR 284,285, MVB 122, HC i. 267, DW 136, THB 67,58; Clay's attitude in support of, MVB 124, HC i. 268-271; debate over in Congress, JMon 176, JQA 189, 190, JK 285-287, AJ 137, MVB 126-131, HC i. 293, 294, DW 136, 137; reasons why opposed by the South, JQA 191, MVB 127, HC i. 271, 272, DW 136, THB 46; mission to, declined by Gallatin, AG 342; discussed, MVB 125. PANICS, see Financial History. FAPEB MONET, see Mnandal History. FABSON'S CAUSE, see Index to Heniy. BAETT OEQANIZATION, see CivU Service and references under names of parties; TOPICAL INDEX 331 early presidential nominations by congressional caucus, TJ 234, JMad 296, JR 228; use of convention by Federalists in 1812, A J 294; movement against Congressional caucus in 1824, AJ 109, llO.HCi. 222,MVB237; failure of Republican caucus in 1824, AG 357, 358, AJ 110, MVB106, 107,HCi.223; nomination by state legislatures, AJ 112, 113, HC i> 226; machine politics in New York, AJ 111, 132; development of party management by Lewis and Jackson, AJ 95-97, 133-136; theatrical aspects of party organization, A J 97, 118, 136; invention of national conventions by Anti-Masons, AJ 293- 295, HC L 342, 344, WHS 12; use of national conventions by National Republicans, AJ 298, HCi.357,MVB246; the convention system adopted by Democrats, A J 318, MVB 237-241, HC i. 378, 379; the two-thirds rule in Democratic convention, AJ 441, 442, MVB 238, 257-259, 408-410, HC ii. 252, JCC 213, 214, 243, LC 201, 202, 217, 338, 339, AL i. 163-165, WHS 189, 193, TS 110, 111; autocratic character of Democratic organization, AJ 439, 440, HC i. 320, THB 164; prominent part played by office-holders in party m^age- ment, AJ 439, 441, HC ii. 197, 198, JCC 199, 200, THB 162; party press under Jackson, MVB 191, 192, AJ 133, 134, 207, 208, 325, 326; temporary return to nominations by legislatures, in 1836, AJ 443, 444. FSACE COITFSBXilTCrB, called by Virginia, its faUure, AL i. 203, WHS 217, SPC 204, CFA 126, CS 182, 192, 194. FXiNXCf STTIiAB OATVrPAIOMT, see MUitary History, 332 TOPICAL INDEX PEITITSYLVAITIA, Colonial and Revolutionary, settlers in, AG 46, THB 3; shows reluctance to take measures of self-defence against Indians, BF 39, 49, 52, GW i. 72, 83; has controversy with proprietors over taxation, BF 60-64, 69, 72, 73, 90-99; wishes to be made a crown colony, BF 63, 64, 91-93; labors of Franklin in behalf of, BF 66-72, 101, 102; mob in, against Stamp Act, BF 109; strongly opposes independence, SA 311, JA 67; begins to prepare for war, PH 133; adopts a state constitution, BF 211; faUs to help Washington, GW i. 225; remonstrates with Washington for putting army into win- ter quarters, GW i. 229; fails to protect Congress from mutineers, AH 41; compromises with mutinous soldiers, GW i. 292. History as a State, 1783-1865, education in, AG 45, TS 34-45; early society in, GM 86, 94-96, AG 47, 48; emigration from, into West, HC i. 13-16, LC 255; grants, then revokes, and again grants charter to Bank of North America, AG 249, 250; refuses its consent to five-per-cent. scheme, JMad 37; quarrels with Connecticut, AH 51, JJ 45; sends delegates to .Annapolis Convention, JMad 55, 59; elements of Anti-Federalist party in, GM 144; ratifies federal Constitution, GM 144, AG 35; demands a second federal convention, AG 37-40; constitutional convention in, AG 40-43; career of Gallatin in its legislature, AG 45-47, 55, 60; its debt after Bevolution, JMad 151, AG 46; proposal to have national capital in, JMad 141, 142; elects Gallatin Senator, AG 47, 58; western counties of, resist excise and threaten secession, GW ii. 123, AH 179, 180, GM 311, AG 48-55; TOPICAL INDEX 333 whiskey rebellion in, suppressed, AH 180-182, GW ii. 12^-130, AG 67-96; protests against Jay Treaty, AG 103; abolishes slavery, AG 140; protests against war with France, AG 149; petitions against Alien and Sedition acts, AG 167; carried by Republicans, in 1800, AH 223, AG 163; spoils system used in, GM 281, HC i. 333, THB 72; wishes war in 1812, HC i. 83, 85; offers to take two millions of war loan, AG 214; popularity of Calhoun in, A J 104, 112, JCC 58, 69; denounces congressional nominating caucus, A J 110; conventions in, nominate Jackson, AJ 112, 113, HC i. 226; adheres steadily to Jackson, AJ 115, 232, 244, 316, HC i. 286, JCC 83; its vote, in 1828, AG 148, THB 116; asks Jackson to accept a second term, A J 202; favors a hightari£e, A J 232, 244, 335; career of Anti-Masonic party in, AJ 293, TS 29, 30, 32, 34, 46; instructs Senators to vote for Bank, THB 116; free-school struggle in, TS 36; carried by Anti-Masons, TS 46; character of Democratic party in, THB 161; conventions in, nominate Harrison, AJ 444; charters Bank, AG 271, A J 396, TS 47; Anti-Abolition convention in, TS 49; constitutional convention in, TS 47, 48; " Buckshot war " in, over organization of House, TS 61- 54; Democrats of, favor Cass for President, LC 200-203; carried by Democrats on TariS platform in 1844, HC i. 267, 258, JCC 216; favors Wilmot Proviso, LC 233; votes for Cass in 1848, LC 240; carried by Democrats in 1866, LC 323; carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220; 334 TOPICAL INDEX PEirarSTI.VAH'lA (continued), regained by Republicans, AL ii. 201; , invaded by Lee, AL ii. 144-150; renominates Lincoln, AL ii. 260. PBWBAOOIiA, its seizure by Jackson, AG 336, AJ 75, HC i. 152. PBBSOITAL LIBEKTT ACTS, passed in Northern States to block Fugitive Slave Law, CFA 136-138, CS 121, 122, 126. PETITIONS, ACTTI-SLAVBHY, presented in House of Kepresentatives by Adams, JQA 243, 248-260, 267, 269, 288; debates over, in Senate, HC ii. 79-82, 154, 155, 163, 233; views on, JK 40, JCC 123-126. POPUIiAK SOVEKEIOBTTT, doctrine of, in Territories, announced by Dickinson and Cass, MVB 422, HC ii. 303, LC 236, 237; defined by Cass, LC 27^-275; Northern and Southern views of, contrasted, WHS 64, LC 294-296; condemned by Calhoun, HC ii. 303; ridiculed by Benton, THB 310; applied in compromise of 1850, AL i. 91-94; reasons for its popularity, SPC 136; its scope discussed, LC275, 276; applied in Kansas-Nebraska BUI, THB 309, AL i. 94, 95; its actual working in Kansas, LC 326; advocated in Democratic platform of 1856, LC 322; destroyed by Dred Scott decision, AL i. 103; abandoned by South, LC 326; attempts of Douglas to reconcile it with Dred Scott case, AL i. 107; POBTTJOAIi, diplomatic relations with, JQA 133, 134, 138, DW 253; PKBSIDBITOY, Jackson's theory of its character as directly representing the people, AJ 282, 322-325, 349, 353, 354, 362, HC ii. 40, 42, 109, 110. TOPICAL INDEX 335 FSmCETOTSt OOIiLEQE, studies of statesmen at, JMad 10-12, JB 13. PBIVATEBBS, their employment in War of Revolution, BF 248-252, GW ii. 150; offer of Davis to employ, in War of Rebellion, AL i. 282, CFA 171; refusal of United States to use, CS 239-241. PROTECTIOIT, favored in first Congress, GW ii. 113-115, AH 130, JMad 126; origin of demand for, AJ 93, 94, 230-242, HC i. 213, WHS 18; not a party question in 1816, JMad 319; attitude of South against, HC i. 314, 315, JCC 71; not a constitutional question at first, A J 332, 333; a forgotten issue by 1848, HC ii. 300; opinions of statesmen upon: Washington, GW ii. 116-122; Hamilton, GW ii. 114, 115, AH 107-113; Madison, JMad 126, 134, 135; Gallatin, AG 240-243, HC i. 55-67; Jackson, AJ 96, 263, HC i. 359, 360; Clay, HC i. 51-55, 131, 214^218, 361-364, ii. 173; Webster, DW 53, 152-166, HC i. 218, 219; Calhoun, JCC 29, 33-35, 59; Stevens, TS 105. FBUSSIA, treaties with, BF 397, JQA 24, MVB 127, 128, HC i. 299, WHS 391; mission of J. Q. Adams to, JQA 24; its policy during French Revolution condemned, GM 269; its attitude on slave-trade, JQA 138, LC 179; agrees to Declaration of Paris, CFA 201. PUBITAITS, their social and political characteristics, JA 6, 19-21, GM 4, JQA 7, 30, 247, DW 4; hated by Jefferson, TJ 193, 229. 336 TOPICAL INDEX QtTAKEBS, indifferent to political principles, SA 227; urge submission in Kevolution, SA 309, GM 25; oppose public education, AG 45; petition against slavery, JMad 152-161, AG 140, HC ii. 71, 80, 232, THB 141; judgments upon, SA 310, THB 33, LC 255. captured by British in 1759, SA 35; failure of American attack upon in 1776, SA 307< QtrBBEC ACT, its character, SA 240; protested against, by colonies, GM 35, JJ 77. BAMBOTTII.I.ET DEOSEE, see Diplomatic History. BEOONSTKTJCTION, constitutional theories of, AL ii. 216, 217, TS 261, 262, 266- 269, SPC 329, 330, CS 217-219; begun by appointment of military governors, AL ii. 217, 218, SPC 330, CS 227, 228, TS 231; Lincoln's first plans for, AL u. 219-222, CS 255; refusal of Congress to receive representatives elected under, AL ii. 221; method for, laid down in Lincoln's amnesty proclamation, AL ii. 222-226, WHS 366-368, 371, SPC 330, 331, TS 231-233; difficulties in the way, AL ii. 228, 229, SPC 329, TS 233; extreme proposals, AL ii. 229; Congress passes reconstruction act in 1864, AL ii. 230-232, WHS 368, 369, CS 284, TS 234^237; Lincoln's veto and explanatory proclamation, AL ii. 236- 238, WHS 369, 370, SPC 332, CS 285, TS 237; process of reconstruction under Lincoln, SPC 332, CS 269, 283; possibilities of Lincoln's plan discussed, AL ii. 242-244, 329, 330, WHS 371-373, TS 238-243; TOPICAL INDEX 337 promises made by Sherman in teims to Johnston's army, AL ii. 238, 239; Johnson's plan announced in amnesty proclamation, WHS 374r-377, SPC 334, CS 293, TS 246-248; working of Johnson's scheme, WHS 377, 387, SPC 336, CS 293, 300, 301, TS 249-255; congressional theories, WHS 380, SPC 338, TS 273-275, 294; controversy between Johnson and Congress, WHS 384-388; appointment of Joint Committee on Beconstruction, TS 258, 259, 273-275, 285; passage of Freedman's Bureau Act, WHS 385, CS 308, 309, TS 270, 271; passage of CivU Rights Bill, WHS 385, SPC 340, TS 271; passage of fourteenth amendment, WHS 386, CS 316, 317, TS 271-273; passage of Congressional Beconstruction Act, WHS 386, 387, SPC 341, 342, CS 327-329, TS 288-294; discussion of act, TS 294, 295; place of negro suffrage in congressional plan, TS 276, 277, 286; completion of reconstruction under provisions of law, WHS 387, 388, SPC 357, CS 374, 375, TS 296-308; carpet-bag government, TS 299-305; further acts to control South, CS 351, TS 326; end of reconstruction in overthrow of negro rule, TS 304; justification of congressional policy, TS 305-308, CS 335- 337; position of the Supreme Court, SPC 348-350, 357, 378, 380; Seward's views on, WHS 388-390; Sumner's attitude on, CS 217-219, 255-259, 334; EEPUBLICAIT-DEMOCBATIC PABTT, 1789-1824, Period of Riae, 1789-1801, elements of, JA 243, AH 128, 135, TJ 97, 115, JMad 165; Jefferson's theory of, TJ 116, 117; its beginnings in New York, JJ 242, 243; led by S. Adams in Massachusetts, SA 364, 370; 338 TOPICAL INDEX BEPUBIiIOAM'-DEMOCRATIO PABTT (continued), first appears in debates on financial measures of Hamilton, GW ii. 236, JA 244, AH 120, 136, JJ 243, 244, JMar 93, 94, JMad 165, AG 67; Madison's reasons for joining, JMad 178-184; enthusiastic over French Revolution, GW ii. 236, JJ 256, TJ 131, JMad 193, 194, AG 101, 102; opposes appointment of Morris as minister to France, GM 214; attacks Hamilton for corruption, AH 142, 143, 146-148, 184, JMad 189-191; organized by Jefferson, GW ii. 226, 227, AH 139, 141, TJ 129; unwilling to oppose Washington's reelection, GW ii. 235, J A 251; carries New York state election by fraud, J J 247-249; becomes concentrated in opposition to Federalist foreign poUcy, GW ii. 225, AH 172, AG 133-136; opposes neutrality proclamation, JMad 198; supports Genet, GW ii. 238, AH 168, 169, JJ 258, JMar 95, 96, TJ 135, JMad 200; forms Democratic clubs, GW ii. 241, AH 182, 183, JMad 207, AG 102; damaged by Genet's excesses, JA 252, TJ 141-144, JMad 202; denounces England in Congress, AH 174, JJ 263; opposes war measures, AH 175; discredited by collapse of whiskey rebellion, AH 182; denounces Jay's mission to England, AH 185, JJ 268; profits from anger over Jay Treaty, TJ 151; attempts to block Jay Treaty in Congress, PH 405, AH 186, JJ 282, TJ 152, AG 110-114, 118-121; begins to attack Washington, GW ii. 238, 244, 245, 250- 252, 257, JA 252, GM 281, AG 104^106, 128; led by Gallatin in House, AG 115, 128, 133, 159; upholds Monroe's conduct in France, JMon 67, 71-73; hopes success in election of 1796, J A 255, TJ 163; TOPICAL INDEX 339 attacks Federalists, TJ 246, 247, 289, 296, JMar 96, 97, 133-135, 229, 239; exults over Washington's retirement, GW ii. 256, 257; attempts to win over Adams, JA 262-264; controlled by Jefferson, GM 280, TJ 155; overwhelmed by X Y Z revelations, JA 281, AH 202, 218, JMar 126, TJ 160, 161, 168; defeated in cong^ssional election of 1798, JMar 132, 133; how regarded by Federalists, PH 397, 409, GW ii. 239, 240, 258-261, 267, 268, AH 220, 221, 251, 252, 254, 258- 260, 266, 267, JMad 166-168, JR 134, 135; attacks Alien and Sedition laws, AG 159; approves Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, TJ 172, JMad 233; opposes Adams's administration, JMar 140; opposes Jay's administration in New York, JJ 287-290; confident of sacoess in 1800, TJ 176, 177, JMad 241, AG 163, JQA 25, JR 46; carries New York State, GM 285, 286, J J 295, 296, AH 223; reasons for success in federal election, JMad 210, AG 163, 167, 168, MVB 5-9; plans violent interposition to defeat a Federalist coup d'dtat in 1801, TJ 186, AG 166. Period of Jefiersonian Control, 1801-1811, its principles in 1801, JR 33, 34, MVB 6, 7; controlled in New York by Clintonians, MVB 45; establishes spoils system in New York, MVB 47-53; repeals Judiciary Act, GM 290, JC^A 36, JR 61-64; demands a share of federal offices, JMad 251, AG 281,282; claims to introduce new principles of administration, AG 279, JR 51, 57-59, 73, THB 64; refuses to build a navy, GM 303; does not fully carry out its principles, GM 290, 291, T J 235 ; continues federalist policy in most respects, GM 291, TJ 238, AG 169, JR 206, 207; rejoices over acquisition of Louisiana without concern as to its constitutionality, TJ 222, 228, JR 89; 340 TOPICAL INDEX KEPUBLICAH-DEMOOBATIC FABTY (continued), dominated by Jefferson, TJ 236, JR 58, 188, 190, 215; discards Burr as vice-president, JMar 201, TJ 239; defeats Burr for Governor of New York, MVB 44; carries election of 1804, TJ 241; attacks judiciary by impeachments, JR 81, 130; factions in, TJ 241, AG 294, 295, JR 61, 183, 235-240; ceases to be subservient to France, GM 292, JQA 38; Randolph's secession from, TJ 247, 248, JR 126-128, 170, 180, 183, 205-207, 211, 212, 228, 240; continues to gain in elections, TJ 260, 265, JR 199-203; enraged at Chesapeake affair, JQA 51; supports embargo, TJ 274, 275; elects Madison President, AG 272, JMon 105, MVB 59, 60; repeals embargo, TJ 280, JCC 12; refuses to reoharter Bank, AG 231, 254, DW 60. Period of Nationalist Development, 1812-1824, formation of war party in, JMad 291-293, AJ 33, HC i. 67, 68, 78, DW 47, JCC 12-14; renominates Madison, JMad 296, HC i. 84, JCC 20; in New York, divides into Clintonians and Bucktails, MVB 67-69; struggles with Federalists for control of New York, MVB 64,65; its conduct of War of 1812 considered, GM 304-306, JMad 310-318, AG 298, A J 48, 49, MVB 61, 62, HC i. 90, 98; defended by Clay, HC i. 91-98; saved by battle of New Orleans, AJ 50, MVB 63; rejoices at peace of Ghent, JMad 318; alterations in its principles, JR 251, 252, 266, HC i. 126- 128, 136, 137; supports Bank, JMad 319, AG 265, HC i. 132, 133; votes for protective tariff, JMad 319; elects Monroe President, JMon 128, MVB 74, 75; its leaders under Monroe, JMon 129-138; factional struggles of, in New York, MVB 67-148; involved in Dartmouth College case, DW 76; TOPICAL INDEX 341 its condition in 1824, AG 355, 356, JE 252, MVB 90-95, HC i. 223,312, DW 126, WHS 7; its regular caucus to nominate Crawford proves a failure, AG 357, 358, MVB 106, 107; its connection with Democratic party, HC i. 318; HEPUBLIOAW PABTY, 1854-1874, Period of its Rise, 1854-1861, its principles, MVB 416, AL i. 221, 222, WHS 145, 146; not a successor of Liberty party, THB 260, 261; its supposed origin in Wisconsin, LC 303; why it originated in Northwest, LC 301-303, WHS 134; its beginnings, LC 304, AL i. 100, WHS 133, SPC 146, 151, CFA 102, CS 117; succeeds in campaign of 1854, LC 308, SPC 151, CS 118, 122; loses ground in 1855, WHS 141, TS 93, SPC 154-156; its relations with Know-Nothings, WHS 142, 143, SPC 153, 159; supports Fremont for President in campaign of 1856, MVB 441, 442, LC 322, 323, AL i. 101, 102, 111, WHS 143-145, 146-150, SPC 159-161, CFA 107, 108, CS 157, TS94; dreaded by older statesmen, MVB 441, 442, 445, THB 313, LC358; defeats Cass for reelection to Senate, LC 324; embittered by Dred Scott decision, WHS 171; gains ground in elections of 1858, WHS 176, 177, 187, SPC 162, CFA 102, CS 170; its programme announced by Lincoln, AL i. 150, 151, 156, 157; movement in, to support Douglas in 1858, AL i. 112, 113, SPC 174; nominates Lincoln in 1860, LC 328, 339, AL i. 161-171, 173, WHS 193-202, SPC 174-194, CFA 114, TS 112; in election of 1860, MVB 445, AL i. 173, 174, 178, 179, WHS 202, SPC 196-198, CFA 115, 116, CS 176, TS 112, 113. 342 TOPICAL INDEX EEPUBIiICAlT PAETY (continued), Period of its Supremacy, 1861-1874, panic-struck in 1861, SPC 198, 201, CFA 129, 130, CS 178, 179; factions of, recognized in Lincoln's Cabinet, WHS 213-215, 226-229, SPC 253, 254, TS 136, 137; abandons anti-slavery ground in organizing Territories in 1861, MVB 438, CFA 122; not the cause of Civil War, JCC 299, 300; its attitude the real cause of secession, AL i. 222-224; its leaders distrust Lincoln, AL i. 233-236, SPC 302j slow to follow Lincoln's emancipation policy, AL ii. 22, 23; factions in, AL ii. 97-99; influence of G-reeley upon, AL ii. 105-107; opposition to Lincoln among its leaders, ATi ii. 104, 105, 234, 235, 261, 266, 270, SPC 302, 310, CS 271-274; upholds Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 120, TS 223; loses ground in Congressional elections of 1862, AL ii. 124, 125, CS 233, 234, TS 220, 221; radical leaders of, demand dismissal of Seward and Blair, AL ii. 176, 177, 287, 288, WHS 328-333, SPC 310, CS 236; movement in, to nominate Chase, AL ii. 245-252, SPC 308- 314; movement in, to nominate Fremont, AL ii. 255-258; popularity of Lincoln with, AL ii. 260, 261 ; nominates Lincoln and Johnson, AL ii. 262-264, SPC 314, CS 272, 273, TS 244; damaged by draft, AL ii. 273, 274; in campaign and election of 1864, AL ii. 291, 292, SPC 320; upholds thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 318, 319; radicals in, rejoice at death of Lincoln, AL ii. 349; reluctant to quarrel with Johnson, CS 295; decides on policy of " thorough," CS 309; wins congressional elections of 1866, CS 324, TS 284; nominates Grant in 1868, SPC 361-263, CS 352, 357; loses ground in country, SPC 369; TOPICAL INDEX 343 Liberal revolt from, SPC 422, CFA 377, 378, 390, 391, CS 410; abandoned by Sumner, CS 411, 412; carries election of 1872, CFA 391, CS 411; its depraved character undet Grant, CS 423, 424. BEPITDIATIOlf, see Financial History. KEVOLtTTIOW, CAUSES OF, question of parliamentary supremacy in colonies, BF 46, 47, 64, 114, 117, SA 28, 86, 88; use of Writs of Assistance, SA 37-40, JA 23; question of internal and external taxes debated, BF 130; virtual representation of colonies, BF 117, 129, SA 7J|-76; proposals for real representation of colonies in Parliament, BF 48, 127, 128, 129, SA 57-62; possible results of such action, SA 59, 60, 63; Declaratory Resolutions of 1766, BF 118, SA 72-75, 82; effect of trade restrictions on colonies, J J 4, 5, SA 24, 40; debate as to rights of Englishmen, SA 27, 187-190, GM 5, 6,12; Townshend duties, BF 150, SA 8&; Writs of Assistance legalized, SA 89; effect of non-importation upon Townshend duties, BF 174- 176; the Tea Act, SA 119, 141; Boston Port Bill and other measures, FH 97, JJ 23, 24, 26, 28, 37, SA 238-243. BHODE ISTtATTD, Graspee affair in, SA 185; refuses to giant Congress an impost, AH 38, JMad 33; appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59; refuses to call convention to ratify Constitution, AH 74, GM 143; comments on its course, GM 109, 163, JMad 34; its attitude toward slave trade, JMad 130; carried by Republicans in 1802, JMad 243; votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383; 344 TOPICAL INDEX opposes reduction of tariff, AJ 335; " Dorr rebellion " in, DW 101, 254; adopts resolutions favoring WUmot Proviso, LC 233; renominates Lincoln, AL ii. 251. BTTSSIA, mission of Dana to, JQA 13; Adams's mission to, and life in, JQA 70-74; invaded by Napoleon in 1812, JQA 74; offers to mediate between England and United States, A6 299, JQA 74, HC i. 99, 100; mission of Gallatin and Bayard to, AG 299-312; its offer rejected by England, AG 306, 307, JQA 75; renews offer in vain, AG 307, 308, 315,.HC i. 106; rejects English plan for suppression of slave trade, JQA 138; asked by United States to urge Spain to abandon its colo- nies, HC i. 271; displeased with American recognition of Spanish republics, AG 337; discussions over boundaries of its possessions in North America, JMon 160, JQA 130, 131, THE 248, 249; arbitrates question of compensation for slaves, HC i. 300; joins treaty against slave trade, LC 179; aids Austria to crush Hungarian rebellion, WHS 106; denounced by Seward, WHS 108; agrees to Declaration of Paris, CFA 201; proposal of Seward to seek explanations from, in 1861, WHS 256, CFA 180; offers mediation between North and South, CS 241; declines to act in concert with England and France against United States, WHS 277, 325, CS 247; cedes Alaska to United States, CS 338. BT. THOMAS, see Diplomatic History. BAIT DOMHTGO, attacked by Napoleon, JR 74; TOPICAL INDEX 345 legislation against, by United States to aid Napoleon, JR 79, 80, 185-188; revolution in, WHS 256; stmggle between Baez and Cabral foi its control, CS 379; attempt of Baez to sell it to United States, CS 379, 380; attempts of Giant to secure its annexation, CS 382-387, 391, 397-399. SAW jAciirao, see Texas. SABATOGA, see MUiiary History. SCOTCH IBISH, early settlements of, in the colonies, GM 8, 10, 18, AJ 1, THE 3. BBAKCH, EIGHT OP, see Diplomatic History, SECESSLOm, see Disunion. sbmhtoiiE wab, see Indians, and Military History- SHAYS' EEBELLIOM-, its canses, SA 350, JMad 73; its history, SA 350, 352, AH 51, 62, JMad 73; opinions on it, SA 351, GW ii. 26, 27, TJ 81, AG 101. SHUiOH, see MUitary History. SIiATTGHTSB-HOUSS CASSS, see Constitution. SIiAVEBTT, Colonial and Revolutionary Period to 1789, slavery in Massachusetts, SA 6; in Virgmia, GW i. 20; its effects in Southern colonies, GW i. 104, JMad 48-61; early anti-slavery movement in North, JMad 91; Virginian feeling against, PH 388, 389, GW i. 105-108, JMad 91, 92, HC i. 27, 28, AL i. 82; 346 TOPICAL INDEX SLAVEBT (continued), attempts to abolish or restrict it in Virginia, TJ 44, 45, 49; attempts of Jay and Morris to secure its abolition in New York, GM 58, JJ 80; three-fifths compromise over, in Congress of Confederation, JMad 38-41; New York takes action for gradual manumission, JJ 217; ezclnded from Northwest by Ordinance of 1787, JMon 25, 26, AL i. 82; debated in federal convention, GM 136-141, JMad 94- 101; determination of Southern delegates to maintain, GM 137- 139, JMad 92, 93; indifBerence of New England members toward, GM 138, 140, JMad 102; attacks upon, in convention, JMad 98, 100-102, GM 137, 138; necessity of compromises over, GM 141-143 ; possible effects of a separate Southern confederacy upon, GM 142, 143, JMad 39-41. Slavery becomes necessary to South, 1789-1820, debated in first Congress, JMad 152-161; folly of slaveholders in defending, JMad 165, 157, 158; petitions against, from Pennsylvania Quakers and others, BF 415, 416, JMad 152, 153, 161, AG 140; resolutions against, in Pennsylvania Legislature, AG 47; failure of bills to abolish in New York, JJ 288, 291; finally ended in New York, J J 293; attempt to abolish it in Kentucky, HC i. 27; strengthened by Louisiana purchase, JQA 35; attempts to introduce it into Northwest, LC 40, 41; becomes more valuable as result of cotton culture, HC L 172, 173; its effect on South, JCC 66-71, 178, 330, THE 81, 144, ALi. 84, 85, SPC121; disappearance of feeling against, in South, HC i. 172, 1734 ii. 71, SPC 34, 33. TOPICAL INDEX 347 Period of agitation for and against Slavery, 1820- 1844, becomes a political question in Missouri struggle, JQA 119, MVB 91, HC i. 175, THB 8, 9, 38, 43, CS 41; strengthened by Missouri compromise, HC i. 194; general indifference of North toward, CS 36, 38; devotion to it, begins to unify South against Adams's ad- ministration, JQA 188-192, JE 272, 277, 278; the real cause of Southern opposition to Panama Congress, DW 136, 271 ; defended by South, HC i. 17, ii. 74, 154, THB 243, LC 143; abolished in Mexico, HC ii. 89; its relation to western removal of Indians, LC 160; petitions against, not noticed at first, JQA 242; powers of Congress over, according to abolitionists, HC ii. 73; attacks upon, considered insulting to South, JCC 125; resolutions of Calhoun upon, HC ii. 156, 157, 169, JCC 123; resolutions of Clay on, HC ii. 159-161; question as to how much abolftionists effected against it, JCC 128, 129, THB 262; Adams's part in struggle over, JQA 244-248; involved in Texas rebellion, JQA 243, MVB 359, HC ii. 88, THB 154, AL i. 85; the real cause of Seminole War, LC 162; not in general poUtics, MVB 359, 403, HC ii. 71, THB 44- 46, 207, AL i. 84; necessity for its extension felt in South, AL i. 85; more important than Union to South, JCC 132, 147. Period of Struggle over Slavery in Territories, 1844-1861, enters politics with Texas question, MVB 403, 414, JCC 236, 237, THB 282, LC 178, WHS 58-60, CFA 63, 54; liable to be endangered by war with England, JCC 270; its fall foreseen by Calhoun, HC ii. 338-340, JCC 127-129; impossibility of attempts to exclude from politics, MVB 422, 423, HC ii. 368, LC 234; 348 TOPICAL INDEX SLAVBBY (continued), debated in connection with fugitive slaves, SPC 29-33, 73- 83; forced into polities by South, JCC 300; for question of its extension into Territories, see Compromise of 18S0, and WUmot Proviso. doubts as to its possibility in Territories acquired from Mex- ico, LC 297, 298, WHS 66-70, 86, SPC 103, 120, CS 56, 57; demand of South for its absolute security, WHS 218, 219, SPC 122, 123; for debates upon, see Congress; [222-224; attitude of North toward, the real cause of secession, AL i. passage of constitutional amendment to protect, TS 129; denied by Lincoln to be cause of war, AL i. 226-228, SPC 253, 264, CS 197, 198, TS 130, 131; its safety asserted by Crittenden resolution, AL ii. 4, CS 200, TS 148. Period of Abolition, 1861-1865, Sumner's early efforts against, CS 198, 199, 201, 202, 218- 229; becomes real object of war, AL ii. 2, 3; attempts of Fremont and Hunter to abolish, AL ii. 5-9, WHS 333, 334, SPC 262, 263; powers of Congress over, under war powers, JQA 250,261- 265, CS 225,226, 269; demand of North for its abolition, AL ii. 99, 103, 110, WHS 334, TS 212-215; abolished by act of Congress in District and in Territories, AL ii. 11-15, SPC 257, 268, TS 217; attacked by Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 110-119, 130, WHS 336, 337, SPC 265-269, CS 229, 230, TS 217, 218, 222; not touched as an institution by Proclamation, AL ii. 316; desire of Copperheads to reestablish, AL ii. 319, 320; Lincoln's plans for abolishing in loyal slave States, with compensation, AL i. 133, ii. 10, 20-22, 24r-30, 126-129, 309, 310, SPC 237, TS 216, 222; TOPICAL INDEX 349 necessity of a constitutional amendment to abolish, AL ii. 317, CS 259-261, TS 225, 226; ended by thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 325-327, CS 259- 261, TS 225, 226; opinions of statesmen on, PH 388, 389, GW i. 105-107, JJ 293, 294, 309, JMar 251-253, 257, TJ 44r-49, 293, JMad 157-159, 321, JQA 119-121, JR 21, 271, 280, HC ii. 167- 169, DW 169-272, JCC 164, 171-176, LC 306, AL i. 145, 146, 159, ii. 131-137, WHS 51-64, SPC 47-53, 72, 176, 291, 373, 429, CS 15, 16, 26, 31, 32, 51, 53, 62, 93, 114, 127, 172-175, 234, 275, 329, TS 21, 26, 60, 76-78, 80-82, 127, 149. SLAVE TKADE, checked by Virginia, TJ 49; debated in federal convention, JMad 101-105, GM 138; compromise concerning, GM 139, 140, JMad 103-106; proposal to tax, in first Congress, JMad 128-133; prohibited with San Domingo, JR 79; stopped by law in 1808, JMad 133, JR 209, HC i. 172; continues in spite of law, JMad 134; article against, in treaty of Ghent, AG 323; attempt of England to secure its prohibition at Congress of Aix la Chapelle, AG 337; refusal of United States to join England in its suppression^ JQA 135-138; quintuple treaty of 1841 against, LC 179, 180; protest of United States against its suppression without renunciation by England of right of search, LC 180, 181 ; cruising convention against, in Ashburton Treaty, DW 248, JCC 210, LC 188, CS 30; prohibited in District of Columbia, HC ii. 333, THB 294, AL i. 91, WHS 78, 92, 98, CS 71; movement in South to reopen, with Africa, LC 296, 330, CFA 135; attempts of England to prevent it in American waters, LC 330, 331; treaty of 1862 to extirpate, WHS 327. 350 TOPICAL INDEX S017TH, Period of Slow Sectional Growth, 1789-1820, see Constitution; opposes tonnage tax in first Congress, JMad 127, 128; demands that seat of federal government be on Potomac, JMad 140-142, 152; controlled by Republican party, AG 163, LC 53; supports bill to stop trade with San Domingo, JB. 187; favors war in 1812, HC i. 85, THB 27, LC 55; does not favor States' rights, JB 270, 271; superior military spirit in, THB 34; fails to support war loan, AG 213; denounces secession in 1814, THB 28; supports tarifE of 1816 in interest of cotton, HC i. 130, 131; sends emigrants into West, THB 2, 10; reasons why it desires new territory, THB 36; decay of anti-slavery feeling in, HC i. 172, 173, SPC 35; alarmed at superior growth of North, HC i. 174, LC 143. Period of Southern Consolidation in Support of Slavery, 1820-1843, determines to maintain.equilibrium with North in Senate, HC i. 174, 175, AL i. 84, WHS 61, CS 41; superior in unity of action to North, HC i. 178; demands admission of Missouri without restrictions, HC i. 184, 189, 195, THB 38, 89; prepared to secede in 1820, HC i. 196, 197, THB 44r46; gains by Missouri compromise, WHS 115; opposes Adams for President, JQA 169, 188; warned by Bandolph of dangers to slavery from federal government, JE 272-277, 280, 281; efBorts of Randolph and Van Buren to unite against Adams's administration, JE 283-289, JQA 188, 189, JCC 65; overcomes North by aid of " doughfaces," JR 279, HC i. 195, JCC 149; opposes Panama Congress on slavery grounds, JQA 191, DW 137, THB 58, 69; dreads insurrection in Cuba, HC i. 270; TOPICAL INDEX 351 aims to control foreign policy in favor of slavery, HC i. 272; denounces tarifB as harmful, AJ 240, 244, 246, 255, MVB 143, HC i. 219, 287, 366, ii. 154, JCC 65, THB 60, 80, 81; effect of tariff upon, AJ 248-250, HC i. 220, ii. 12, 154, JCC 71, 72, THB 80, 81, 196; angered at Adams's desire to coerce Georgia, DW 137; supports Jackson for election in 1828, HC i. 288, 316, JCC 83, THB 63, 68; advocates free public land, A J 232 ; its error in attacking tariff by nullification, A J 256, 257; alarmed at Turner's insurrection, HC ii. 43, 44, CS 38; defied by Clay in passing tariff of 1832, AJ 263, HC i. 383, THB 92; does not support South Carolina in nullifying, HC ii. 5, THB 94; denounces Jackson for his nullification proclamation, AJ 330, HC ii. 2, 7; considers compromise tariff a victory, A J 337, HC ii. 21; condemns abolitionist petitions, MVB 271, JCC 121, THB 146; demands that North silence abolitionists, HC ii. 74, 75, 79, DW 274, JCC 133, 187, SPC 38, CS 40; sensitive to any attack on slavery, JCC 125, 128, 206, 207, CFA 29, 57; enraged at abolitionists' use of mails, AJ 411, MVB 275, 277, HC ii. 82, 84; denounces J. Q. Adams and is defied by him, JQA 224, 246, 258, 259, 261, 273, 289-294; tries to get him censured by Congress, JQA 269-279, 281- 288; threatens Adams with assassination, JQA 287, 288; its motives for urging on Seminole War, LC 162; wishes to annex Texas, AJ 414, 415, 418, HC ii. 89, 94, 97; urges recognition of Texas, HC ii. 92; accuses Van Buren of abolitionism, MVB 271, 272; shows defection from Van Buren in election of 1836, MVB 278, 279; 352 TOPICAL INDEX SOUTH (continued), urged by Calhoun to build railways, JCC 151, 152; land speculation in, HC u. 119; suffers in panic of 1837, HC ii. 127; distrusts Van Buren in 1840, MVB 380, 387, 403; refuses to let slavery rest without discussion, HC ii. 233; praises slavery as a moral good, HC i. 74, JCC 131, 132, 169-171; "plantation manners " in, DW 237, LC 199, CS 113. Period of Struggle -with North over Slavery in Territories, 1844-1861, agitation in, for annexation of Texas, MVB 404, HC ii. 238, 251, 260, JCC 232, 249, THB 264^267, LC 211, 216, 217; gains control of Democratic party at convention of 1844, AJ 458, MVB 410, HC ii. 252, THB 167, 257, 281, LC 217; attempts of Clay to win over, HC u. 246, 262, LC 221; effects of slavery on, during this period, MVB 423, HC ii. 154, JCC 66-70, 173, 178, THB 81, 143, AL i. 84, SPC 121; opposes war with England over Oregon, HC ii. 282, JCC 267, 270; pushes on war with Mexico, MVB 417, HC ii. 286, JCC 280; enraged at Wilmot Proviso, HC ii. 286, JCC 280, 281, 291, LC 267, TS 72; applauds revolutions of 1848 in Europe, THB 243; opposes organization of Oregon with Wilmot Proviso, DW 286, JCC 307, THB 290; begins to adopt Calhoun's view as to slavery in Territories, HC ii. 302, WHS 70, 71, 88, CS 67; prefers Taylor to Cass in election of 1848, LC 260, 261; urged by Calhoun to cease to trade with North, JCC 301, 302; alarmed at action of California, HC ii. 322, JCC 336, LC 281, AL i. 87, 88, WHS 65, 68, SPC 120, CS 70; futile attempt of Calhoun to unite in 1849, JCC 316-320, CS67; TOPICAL INDEX 353 iia domination in federal government, HC ii. 325, WHS 72; denounces Taylor's policy, HC u. 327, 328, THB 292, WHS 94; threatens secession, HC ii. 321-323, 343, DW 291, JCC 296, 297, 325, THB 291, LC 268, AL i. 88, CFA 61; considered a bully by Seward and Benton, MVB 437, HC ii. 390, WHS 9, 10, 85, 90; appealed to by Clay, HC ii. 337; gratified by Webster's Seventh of March speech, DW 317; its grievances, according to Webster, DW 293-296, SPC 122; demands a fugitive slave law, AL i. 88; accepts compromise measures as a victory, HC ii. 375, 377, 378, DW 301, AL 1. 92, SPC 130; attitude of « doughfaces " toward, justified, MVB 437, 438, HCii. 390, 391; does not understand feeling of North, HC ii. 371, 372, LC 284 ; demands that North enforce Fugitive Slave Law, HC ii. 382, SPC 122; efforts of Clay to appease after Shadrach case, HC ii. 381, 382, 389; favors Kansas-Nebraska bill, MVB 440, WHS 116, 128, SPC 133, TS 102; its view of " popular sovereignty," LC 294-296, AL i. 88, WHS 64; its part in Kansas struggle, WHS 151, 152, CS 134, 135; favors filibustering, LC 316; desires to annex Cuba, LC 313, WHS 187; applauds Brooks's assault on Sumner, LC 321, AL i. 100, CC 150-152; forces North to form a sectional party, JCC 300, 301; recognizes failure of " popular sovereignty," LC 326, AL i. 98; adopts, in full, Calhoun's dogma as to slavery in the Terri- tories, LC 326, WHS 179, CS 171; enraged at Douglas's opposition to Lecompton Constitution, AL i. 108, 116, 142, WHS 177, 188; 364 TOPICAL INDEX SOUTH (continued), advocates reopening of slave trade, LC 296, 330; opposes Homestead Bill, WHS 187, 188; effect of John Brown raid upon, CFA 109; relies on commercial interests to control North, LC 303; demands that North cease to call slavery wrong, AL i. 164, 155, 222-224, WHS 217, 218; disrupts Democratic party, AL i. 163, 165, 178 ; announces purpose to secede if Lincoln is elected, LC 340, WHS 203, 204, SPC 198, CFA 118, CS 178, 179, TS 113. The Confederacy, 1860-1865, question of justification of its secession, 6M 26, 145, 311, 312, 314, AL i. 158, 159, 192, 193, WHS 204, 205, TS 131 ; its doctrine of secession, AL i. 224, 225; process of secession in, AL i. 182-187, WHS 205, 226, SPC 202, 203, CS 179-182; aided in secession by Buchanan's Cabinet, LC 340, WHS 209, 210, TS 117; disunion agitation in, AL i. 183, 225, 226, CFA 120, CS 181, 182; aided by state loyalty, AL i. 184; threatens war, AL i. 195, 196, CFA 121; not sincere in considering compromises, CFA 137-139, CS 194; repudiates Peace Conference, AL i. 203, 204, TS 124, 129; its leaders remain in Congress, AL i. 204, 206, CFA 123; forms Confederate States government, AL i. 205, 206, WHS 206, 231, CFA 186, 187, 195, CS 182; wishes to seize Washington, AL i. 207, 209; hopes of Seward to win back, by plunging into foreign war, CFA 184-189; query as to possibility of preventing its secession by early action, CFA 128, 129; irritated at failure of secession to produce immediate re- sults, AL i. 241, CS 181; purpose of Lincoln to put it in the wrong, AL i. 242, CFA 127, 134; TOPICAL INDEX 355 makes futile attempts to negotiate, AL i. 238-240, WHS 237-253; plans to seize Fort Sumter, AL i. 244; enthusiasm in, over war, AL i. 251, 255, 264, WHS 263; compared with North in fighting qualities, THB 34, AL i. 253, 254, CFA 162; elated over victory of Bull Run, AL i. 302; its European policy, CFA 161-164; expects aid from England, AL i. 369, CS 180, 208; its belligerency recognized by England, AL i. 371, 372, WHS 278-287, CFA 170, 171, CS 201; attempts to get recognition from England, CFA 148-171, 266-272, 275, 276; tries to create cotton famine, CFA 163; sells bonds in Europe, CFA 329, 345-347, AL ii. 173; expects aid from Northern Democrats, AL i. 367; its strengrth overestimated by McCIellan, AL i. 316, 316; confiscates enemies' property, TS 198, 199; praised by Gladstone, CFA 280; after Chancellorsville hopes to conquer a peace, AL ii. 143; uses England as naval base, CFA 306, 315-320, 324r-337, AL ii. 172; unaffected by Emancipation Proclamation, SPC 270; beginnings of reconstruction in, AL ii. 216-244; tries to get England to intervene, WHS 324, CFA 281-290, 324^-337; receives secret aid from England, CS 248, 250; economically exhausted after 1863, AL ii. 199, 200, 300, 308; ruined by blockade, WHS 270, CFA 261, TS 182, 183; its treatment of prisoners, CS 279; applauds McCIellan's candidacy in 1864, AL ii. 286, 287; makes futile attempts to negotiate, AL ii. 152, 268-270, 302-306; purpose of Lincoln to make its surrender easy, AL ii. 308, 309; collapses in 1865, AL ii. 333, 334, WHS 366. 356 TOPICAL INDEX SOUTH (continued), Reconstruction Period, 1865-1870, ita condition after war, SPC 333-335, CS 304-307; rapidly reconstructed under Johnson in 1865, SPC 341, CS 300, TS 249; passes laws to reduce negroes to servitude, CS 301, TS 250- 255, 307; reopening of federal courts in, SPC 343, 344; proposal of Stevens to rule through negro vote, TS 262, 263; rejects Fourteenth Amendment, TS272, 285, 286; its turbulent condition, TS 289; proposal of Stevens to punish by confiscation, TS 333-336; reconstructed a second time under act of 1867, SPC 357, CS 334-337, TS 291-299; carpet-bag government in, and its suppression, TS 299-305, SPC 381. SOUTH CABOLUiTA, its characteristics, GM 283; society in, JCC 85, GM 125; its part in War of Revolution, JMad 161, CS 111, 114; its delegates in Congress oppose half pay scheme, GM 69; fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59; its attitude on slavery in federal convention, JMad 91, 103, 104, 109; makes slave trade a condition of joining Union, GM 139; held to Federalist party by Pinckneys, GM 283; at first favors protection, THB 79, 80; reopens slave trade, JMad 250; approves of internal improvements, JCC 40; nominates Lowndes for President, A J 102; denounces congressional nominating caucus, A J 109; becomes leader of new States' rights school, JR 253, AJ 255, HC i. 347, 366, THB 86; passes negro seaman laws, A J 169, 219; protests against tarifB, JQA 233, AJ 257, DW 167, THB 84, LC 142; TOPICAL INDEX 357 refusal of Adams to placate in 1828, JQA 201; angry at Jackson's Union toast, AJ 259; fails to call a convention, AJ 260; denounces Jackson's letter against nullification, A J 260; grows increasingly angry over tariff of 1832, DW 206, JCC 97; votes for Floyd in election of 1832, AJ 320, MVB 248, HC i. 282, THE 89; controlled by Nulliflers, A J 327, LC 143, 144; calls state convention which nullifies tariff law, AJ 327, 328, HC ii. 4, DW 207, JCC 103, THB 90, LC 144, 145; Union convention in, A J 328, HC ii. 4, 5, THB 86; elects Hayne Governor, JCC 103; preparations of Jackson to use force against, LC 146-150; defies Jackson's proclamation, AJ 328, 331, 337, HC ii. 4, 8, DW207, THB86, 87, 91; appealed to by Virginia, LC 150; desire of Adams and others to punish it, JQA 234-237, HC ii. 6; postpones and then repeals ordinance of nullification, AJ 337, HC ii. 9, 10, THB 92, LC 150; really wins victory by forcing compromise tariff, JQA 236, HC ii. 15, 16, 21, DW 210, 213, JCC 105, THB 95, 98, 99, LC 151; nullifies Force Bill, AJ 337, 338, HC ii. 20; votes against Van Bureu in 1836, MVB 260, THB 167; expels Hoar by threat of violence, CFA 48, CS 40; demands Texas or disunion, HC ii. 252; nominates Calhoun for President, JCC 211, 212, 215; denounces Polk as protectionist, JCC 216; Democratic convention in, nominates Taylor, HC ii. 309; complains of loss of population, JCC 331; secession movement of 1850 in, THB 291, WHS 106, CS 48; prepares to secede in 1860, SC 340, AL i. 179, 182; adopts ordinance of secession, LC 348, AL i. 184, 185, WHS 205, CS 179, 182, TS 115; 358 TOPICAL INDEX SOUTH CABOIitlfA (continued), has controversy with federal government over reinforce- ment of Fort Sumter, LC 344r^7, WHS 207, 206, 231- 236; sends commissioners to settle accounts with United States, ALi. 186, CS183,TS118; refusal of Buchanan to recognize, AL i. 199, 200; refuses to take part in Peace Conference, AL i. 204; promised by Lincoln that Fort Sumter will not be relieved without warning, WHS 245-251; besieges and takes Fort Sumter, AL i. 243, CFA 124-128, CS 184; after war passes laws oppressive to negroes, TS 251, 252; carpet-bag government in, TS 302-304. SPAXET, aUiance with, urged in colonies, BF 274, 275, 279, PH 194, JJ 107, 108; secretly aids Beaumarchais, BF 229; reluctant to go to war with England, J J 108; makes treaty of Aranjuez with France, JJ 110; gives slight financial aid, BF 307, 317, 321, JJ 118-120; unsuccessful mission of Lee to, J J 114; attempt of Gerard to induce it to make treaty with United States, JJ 112, 113; during Jay's residence at Madrid refuses to recognize United States, JJ 117-120, 123, 124, 125, 129; its interests in America threaten to prolong war, BF 369, J J 149; danger of its dividing France from United States, BF 370, GM 105, 106; last attempt of Jay to negotiate with, JJ 178,179; in treaty of peace tries to prevent cession of western terri- tory to United States, BF 380, JA 208, GM 78, 79, 97, JJ 165, 179, 191, JMad 31-33; after peace maintains a contemptuous attitude, AH 50; offers commercial privileges in return for abandonment of Mississippi navigation, PH 307, JJ 208-210, JMad 78-80; TOPICAL INDEX 359 instigates Southwestern Indians to iiostilities, G-Wii. 89, 94, 101; blocks Mississippi trade, GW ii. 135, AH 153, TJ 206, JMon 26, 27; Pinokuey's treaty of 1795 with, GW ii. 167, 168, AH 192, TJ 208, AG 117, A J 22; displeased at Jay treaty, GW ii. 210; attack upon, planned by Hamilton, AH 209; Miranda's schemes against, AH 211-213; cedes Louisiana to France, TJ210, JMon 78, 79, JR 74, AJ 22; closes Mississippi again, TJ 212, JR 74, A J 23; protests against French sale of Louisiana, JR 84, 114; dealings with, over Florida, JMon 88, 89, 98, 99, JR 162- 166, AJ 23; strained relations with, over Louisiana and West Florida, JMar 202, TJ 246, 259, 260, JR 114,161, HC i. 58; plan of Burr to invade its colonies, JMar 202, 205; popular desire for war with, JR 162; invaded by Napoleon, HC i. 58; in 1812 allows England to use Florida as base, AJ 42, 43, 65; continues to dispute Florida boundaries with United States, JQA 109, 110; unable to govern Florida, AJ 67; danger of war with, after Jackson's exploits, AG 336, JMon 144, JQA 108, 161, HC i. 152; cedes Florida in treaty of 1819, JMon 146, JQA 111-116, A J 23, HC i. 162; rejects, then ratifies treaty, JMon 185, 186, 190, JQA 117, 124, HC i. 163, THE 37, 155, 248; negotiations with, over revolted colonies, AG 336, 337, JQA 108, 109, HC i. 147, 149, 271; invaded by France, AG 341; agrees to suppress slave trade, JQA 138; defied by Panama Congress, MVB 124; its retention of Cuba desired by slaveholders in 1826, HC i. 270; 360 TOPICAL INDEX SPAIIT {continued), negotiations of Webster with, DW 327; attempts of United States to purchase Cuba from, LC 313; threatened in Ostend Manifesto, LC 314, 315; Seward's proposal to demand explanations from, in 1861, WHS 256, 256, CFA 180; joins France in alliance against Mexico, and then withdraws, WHS 356, 357, CS 220; its rule in Cuba causes insurrection, CS 371. SPANISH AMUBICAN KEPTJBLICS, unfit for self-government, GM 113, 114, HC i. 295, 296; sympathy for, at time of their revolt, JMon 188, 190, 206, JQA 108, 109; question of their recognition, JQA 109, 132; enthusiasm of Clay over, JQA 109, 152, HC i. 147-149, 166, 167, 294r-296, THB 57, 58; protected by Monroe doctrine, JMon 161-164, JQA 131- 134; Adams's opinion of, HC i. 169, 170; see Panama Congress. SPECIE OIBCULAK, see Financial History. SPOILS STSTEM, see Civil Service. STAMP ACT, causes for its adoption, BF 102, 103, JA 70, 71, GM 4; proposed by Grenville, BF 103, 104, SA 43; protests against it, BF 106, SA 43, PH 65; passed without opposition, BF 106, SA 46, 47, JA 25; mobs against, in colonies, BF 109, 110, SA 47, J A 26-30; attacked by opposition in Parliament, BF 114^117, S A 72, 73 ; protested against by colonies, SA 63-65, PH 66-88, GW i. 119, 120, JJ 4, TJ 15, JMon 6; opposed by Stamp Act Congress, SA 56, 65; Franklin's examination concerning, BF 119-123; repealed, BF 118, 132, 133, 142, 143, SA 82; rejoicings over its repeal, BF 133, 134, SA 82, JJ 14. TOPICAL INDEX 361 STATES' IUOHT3, see Constitution. SXTB-TKEASUBT, proposed by Van Buren, MVB 330, 331; struggle over bills creating it, HC ii. 137-142, MVB 337, 338, 346-348, THB 177-184, 218; opposed by Clay and Webster, HC ii. 139-142, DW 270; upheld by Calhoun and Benton, JCC 186, THB 181. repealed by Whigs in 1841, HC ii. 205, MVB 348, THB 218; restored in 1846, MVB 348, HC ii. 284. SUPREME COUBT, see Judiciary. tabut histoky, see Free Trade and Protection; 1789, first protective tariff, GWii. 114, AH 130, JMadl26- 136; 1816, causes for tariff movement, AJ 93, HC i. 129, 130, JCC 33-35; opposition to increased duties, HC i. 130, 131, DW 153- 156; failure of act of 1816 to secure complete protection, HC i. 212; 1820, attempt to raise tariff, AJ 94, HC i. 212-214, DW 166; 1824, passage of higher tariff act, AJ 94-96, MVB 99-104, HC i. 214-219, DW 156-161, JCC 65, THB 53; the name " American System " applied by Clay, MVB 99, DW 159; connected -with public lands, A J 230-232; 1827, tariff reform begun in England, A J 236; 1828, passage of higher tariff, AJ 236-246, 249-251, MVB 142, 144, HC i. 286, DW 161-166, THB 60; political aspect of tariff, AJ 239, 240; effect of tariff on South, AJ 248-250, THB 61 ; opposition of South to tariff, AJ 246, 247, 255, 257, JCC 65, 75, THB 60, 61, 79, 80; 362 TOPICAL INDEX TABIPF HISTOKT (continued), not a party question, HC i. 313; 1830, attempts to modify tariff, A J 268, HC i. 347; Free Trade and Protection conventions, A J 261, HC i. 359; movement for reduction, HC i. 358; 1832, passage of higher tariff law, AJ 262-264, MVB 24fl, HC i. 360, 361, 366, DW 206, 207, JCC 97, THB 89; wish of Jackson to reduce, A J 263; resolutions of States against, A J 335, THB 91, 92, LC 143; not a party issue in presidential campaign, MVB 247; debate over Yerplanck Bill to reduce duties, HC ii. 8, 9; 1833, passage of Compromise Tariff, JQA 235, AJ 332, 335-338, HC ii. 10-21, DW 208-213, JCC 104, THB 94, 96, LC 151, 203; complaints as to its operation, THB 198, 202, 203; revisions suggested in 1841, HC ii. 221; 1842, passage of protective tariff act after two bills were vetoed by Tyler, HC ii. 226-228; 1844, the Democrats carry Pennsylvania on protectionist assertions, HC ii. 257,258, JCC 249, LC 220; 1846, passage of revenue tariff act, HC ii. 268; no longer a political issue, HC ii. 300, 383, 384; 1867, revenue tariff fails to produce revenue, TS 104; 1860, passage of protective tariff, TS 106, 106, 142; 1864, the war tariff passed, SPC 238, 239, TS 146, 180. TAXATIOKT, see Financial History. settlement of, THB 1; frontier society in, A J 6-9, THB 9; early politics in, AJ 8, 9, THB 12, 30; forms a constitution, A J 13; wishes war with Spain for Florida, JR 76; votes for Jefferson in 1796, AJ 14; elects Jackson Senator, HC i. 226, A J 13; frontier finances in, A J 19; sympathy in, for Burr, AS 26; TOPICAL INDEX 363 votes money against Creeks, A J 37, THB 8; establishes State Bank and passes "relief acts," AJ 156- 159; its courts declaie relief acts unconstitutional, AJ 159; nominates Jackson for President, A J 100, HC i. 226; denounces Congressional caucus, AJ 109; not decided as to tariff, THB 53; renominates Jackson in 1825, JQA 181, AJ 134, HC i. 263; passes resolutions on " corrupt bargain " story, JQA 183; its vote in 1828, A J 148; opposes nullification, A J 335; refuses to send delegates to Democratic Convention in 1836, AJ 441; appealed to by Jackson in behalf of Van Buren, MVB 262; votes for White, AJ 441, 444; carried by Whigs in 1838, THB 174; demands annexation of Texas, JCC 232; presents Polk as candidate for vice president, MVB 412; carried by Clay in 1844, AJ 466; refuses to furnish troops in 1861, AL i. 255; at first unwilling to secede, AL i. 268; Eastern counties of, remain Unionist, AL i. 268, 351, ii. 167; forced to secede, AL i. 269; seized by South, AL i. 353; plans of Halleck to invade, AL ii. 155; reconstructed under Lincoln, AL ii. 219, WHS 375; question of its electoral vote in 1864, AL ii. 295; attempt of Sumner to secure neg^o suffrage in, CS 316. TEBBITOKTES, see Constitution. TEXAS, claims of United States to, renounced in Florida Treaty, JMon 184, A J 84, 85, 412, HC i. 162-164, THB 156; settlement of, AJ 413, THB 156-159, LC 210; introduction of slavery into, HC ii. 88, THB 154, 155; emigration into, AJ 418, MVB 370, HC ii. 88, 90; 364 TOPICAL INDEX TEXAS (continued), demand of slaveholders for, AJ 412, 414, HC ii. 88, 89; attempts of Adams and Jackson to buy, AJ 413, 416, HC ii. 88, 90; resists abolition of slavery by Mexico, AJ 414, HC ii. 89, THE 156; origins of its independence, AJ 416, HC ii. 90, THE 156- 158; revolts from Mexico, AJ 416, 417, MVB 358, HC ii. 91, DW 276, THE 160, AL i. 85; recognition refused at first, later granted, AJ 419, 421, MVB 358, HC ii. 92, THE 160; question of its boundaries, AJ 419, 420; applies in vain for admission to United States, AJ 419, 421, MVE 358, HC ii. 236, 237; land speculation in, HC ii. 90, THE 265; revival of movement to annex, AJ 459, MVE 402, 404, 409, HC ii. 237-242, 245-248, 252, 259, DW 255, 281, JCC 223-254, THE 257, 263, 275, LC 211-213, 220, WHS 43, 44, SPC92-94, CS41; rumors of English designs on, HC ii. 238, JCC 231, 234, LC 212, 213; asks for protection during negotiations, HC ii. 240, JCC 225, 229, 247; rejects armistice with Mexico, HC ii. 240; treaty of annexation rejected by United States, HC ii. 245, 260, JCC 244, THE 271, 274, WHS 44; admitted to Union by joint resolution, MVB 413, HC ii. 272, 273, DW 266, 281, 282, JCC 263, THE 276-278, LC 224, WHS 61, CFA 62, CS 41, 43, 45; plans to divide, DW 286; its boundary claims bring on Mexican War, HC ii. 274, LC 231, CS 34; claims part of New Mexico, HC ii. 331, DW 291, THE 293, AL i. 88, WHS 69, 70, 78, 92, 98, SPC 121, CS 69-71; proposal to indemnify, in compromise of 1850, HC ii. 333, 349, LC 283; TOPICAL INDEX 366 threatens to occupy New Mexico by force, HC ii. 351, 362, 362; passage of bill to indemnify, HC ii. 262-265, AL i. 91; secedes, AL i. 187; reconstruction in, SPC 139; opinions of statesmen on its annexation, AG 351, JQA 265, 266, AJ 459, THB 266-274. TEXAS vs "WHITE, see Constitution. THIKTEEITTH AMENDMENT, see Constitution. TIPPECANOE, see Military History. TOKIE3, origin of party in Massachusetts and New York, SA 85, 96, 97, GM 7; their leaders in Massachusetts, SA 119, 132, 187, 260; mostly Episcopalian in New York, GM 16, 17; strong in Southern colonies, GW i. 267, GM 7; not to be judged harshly, SA 247, GM 25, 26; their high character, SA 247-249; cheered by arrival of troops in Boston, SA 114, 261; their efforts in legislature and town meetings agains Adams, SA 173, 187, 220, 244, 263-268; their opinion of S. Adams, SA 328-331; at outbreak of war, seek refuge in Boston, SA 292; exiled from Massachusetts, SA 249, J J 241; active in New York, GW i. 158, 159, AH 6, 8, 9, GM 10, 17, 30, JJ 38, 59, 60; oppose non-importation agreements, J J 25; mobbed in New York, AH 10, 11, J J 46; relations of Morris and Jay with, GM 58, 80, J J 63; in Philadelphia, GW i. 196; take part in frontier and sea-coast raids, GW i. 266, 269, GM 38, 42, 43, JJ 65, 121; popular execration of, PH 289, AH 45, JJ 242; denounced by American leaders, SA 349, PH 274, GW L 156, 167, J J 63-65; 366 TOPICAL INDEX legislation against in New York, AH 46, 47, GM 52, 146, JJ 44, 59-66, 79, 89, 90, 242; repeal of laws exiling, favored by Henry, PH 290, 291; question of their compensation in treaty of peace, BF 366, 380-382; JA 214, 217, JJ 155, 164, 180, 188-191, 193, 194. TO'WN MEETING, its supposed origin, SA 1; its constitution and operation in New England, SA 2, 3; its relation to state government, SA 23, 49-53; its effect on New England, SA 80, 116, 382, 383, JA 64-56; in Northwest, spread by New England settlers, SA 375, LC 255; its present status, SA 376-382, 386, 386. « THEWT," see Diplomatic History. TKEBTTOIir, see Military History. UUDBBOBOTTinj BATLBOAD, its activity before War of Rebellion, LC 303, SPC 32, 39, 75. trniOW OF OOLOHIES, suggested by Penn,.BF 44; suggested by Franklin at Albany Congress, BF 44, 45; opposed in 1754 by colonies and board of trade, BF 45, 52; suggested by S. Adams, SA 44; proposed at time of Stamp Act, BF 110, SA 65; advocated in Massachusetts circular letter, SA 95; aided by committees of correspondence, SA 195, 196; urged after Tea Act, SA 212, 214; growth of sentiment in its favor, PH 191, 199, 304, SA 222, 232, 241; aided in 1775 by Continental paper money, GM 32, 33; Galloway's plan for, SA 287, PH 115, 116, JJ 35. UUXVEBSITY OP PE2TirSTIi'VANIA, founded by Franklin, BF 37. TOPICAL INDEX 367 UmVEBSITT OF VrEOrNlA, connection of Virginia statesmen with, TJ 302, JMad 322, JMon 16. VSAZTE! BAITE VB FEXnUO, see Constitution. VEBMOWT, quarrels with New York over its independence, GM 83-85, JJ94; forms a constitution, JJ 94; danger of its secession to England, GM 83; wins independence, GM 85; democratic society in, TS 5-7; early education in, TS 9; stronghold of anti-Masonry, A J 293, TS 30; carried by anti-Masons in 1832, HO i. 383, WHS 13; opposes reduction of tariff, A J 335; denounces gag rule and protests against annexation of Texas, HC ii. 153, 164; advocates Wilmot Proviso, LC 233; Confederate raid into, WHS 354, 355, CS 273. VETO POWEB, attacked by Whigs, HC ii. 222-224. VICKSBtTEG, see Military History. viKGnnA, Colonial Period to 1774, its population, GW i. 17-19; social classes in, GW i. 15-29, PH 21, AG 24, JR 4, 259, HC16; aristocratic ideals of, GW i. 28, ii. 315, TJ 1, 2, 5, 37, JR 8; its local government, GW i. 117; early education m, PH 5, 13, GW i. 23, JR 6-10; economic conditions, GW i. 19, 25, 26, 104, 105, ii. 116, 117, JMad 47-49, TS 77, 78; church government, PH 37-39, GW i. 21, JMad 13; slavery in, TJ 44r47; 368 TOPICAL INDEX VIBGIHIA. (continued), reluctant to fight French in 1754, GW i. 71; quarrels with Governor Dinwiddle, GW i. 71; terrified after Braddock's defeat, GW i. 88; gives Washington a command, but fails to support him, GW i. 89, 90, 93; passes laws to prevent clergy benefiting from high price of tobacco, PH 40-44; Parsons' cause in, PH 46-55; enthusiasm in, for eloquence, PH 60, 88, 89; elections in, PH 61, TJ 16, JMad 18; corruption of Speaker of House of Burgesses, PH 63; protests against proposed Stamp Act, PH 65; passes Henry's " Virginia Resolves " against Stamp Act, PH 68-76, SA 122, GW i. 119; aristocratic and popular parties and leaders in, PH 66, 71, 88, 89, GM 14, 282, JMon 2; unanimous against English policy, PH95, 96; suggests committees of correspondence, SA 195, TJ 17; legislature deplores Boston Port Bill and is dissolved, PH 97, GW i. 123, TJ 17, 18; calls for a continental congress, PH 98; adopts a non-importation agreement, GW i. 121, TJ 16. Revolutionary Period, 1774-1783, elects a convention, PH 99, 134; sends delegates to Congress, PH 99, 100, GW i. 127, JMad 19; prepares for resistance, PH 131-152, 177, GW i. 132, JMar 9-12; raises force to compel Dunmore to pay for powder seized, PH 157-167, JMar 12, 14; appoints Henry commander, but denies him real power, PH 177; campaign in, against Dunmore, PH 177-186, JMar 14^17; convention divided between aristocratic and popular fac- tions, PH 191; adopts Jefferson's draft of reply to Lord North, TJ 21, 22; TOPICAL INDEX 369 instructs delegates to Congress to favor independence, PH 192-197, TJ 28, JMad 15, 16; growing feeling in, for independence, PH 199, 200; draws up Constitution and Bill of Bights, PH 200-210, JMad 16; struggle over its constitution, between Democratic and Con- servative parties, PH 207-211; establishes religious liberty, PH 208, JMad 17, 18, TJ 40, 41; rejects JeSerson's plan of emancipation, TJ 44; its war measures, PH 221-223; its services in War of Revolution, JMad 150, 151, JMon 11, 12; elects Henry Governor for successive terms, PH 211-219, 238, 239, 266, 298, TJ 51, 52; efforts of Henry to raise men and supplies from, PH 237- 241, 276-278, JMar 23, TJ 52; said to have planned making Henry a dictator, FH 223- 226, 233-236, 285-287; confers extraordinary powers on Governors, PH 228, 231, 233, 256, 260; prohibits importation of slaves, TJ 49, JMar 124, HC i. 28; decline of fighting spirit in, PH 253, 264, 274, TJ 52; governorship of Jefferson in, PH 268, 276, TJ 61-63; sends Clarke's expedition to conquer Northwest, PH 268- 260; financial exhaustion in, JMar 63, 64; cedes Western territory to United States, JMon 23; English raids into, PH 264r-267, 278-284, JMar 23, 24, TJ 64^7; flight of Legislature before Tarleton, PH 280-284, TJ 59- 61; Cornwallis's campaign in, GWi. 307, 315-319, GM 99, TJ 62. State History, 1783-1865, its condition after war, JMar 25-27; its judicial system, JMar 30, 31; 370 TOPICAL INDEX VTRGINIA (continued), emigration from, HC i. 13-16, THB 2; passes bill to prevent speculation in veterans' land certifi- cates, PH 295, JMar 52; offers Wasliington shares in canal company, PH 300, GW ii. 11; violates treaty concerning British debts, JMad 62; establishes ports of entry, JMad 49-51, 55; assents, and then withdraws consent to plans to give United States a revenue, AH 38, JMad 34, 46; fails to pay requisitions, JMar 53, 54, JMad 46, 47; incorporates Episcopal church, JMad 63-65; confirms Northwest Ordinance, JMon 26; paper money movement in, JMad 67; calls Annapolis Convention, AH 53, JMad 52-58; condemns proposed abandonment of Mississippi navigation, PH 308, JMad 32-34, 82, 83, JMon 26; elects delegates to federal convention, PH 309, JMad 60; resolves to call ratifying convention, PH 314, 316; division of popular opinion over ratification, FH 319, 320, JMar 56-60, JMad 112; struggle in, over elections to convention, PH 315-320, JMar 66, 60; the great debate in ratifying convention, PH 320-338, GW ii. 40, AH 74, JMar 62-86, JMad 112-116, JMon 26-33 ; calls for a second federal convention, PH 346-350, AH 79, JMad 118, AG 24; elects anti-Federalist Senators, PH 350, 351, JMar 88, JMad 119, JMon 33; gerrymandered to prevent election of Madison, PH 351, JMad 120, 121; its States' rights school of politics, AH 117, JMar 253, 254, JMad 174, JB. 56, 188; opposition in, to excise, AH 179, 180; opposes Washington's administration, JMar 80, 98; Federalist revival in, after Grenet's actions, JMad 202; denounces Jay treaty, JMar 97; TOPICAL INDEX 371 disunion tbreats in, AG- 116; its vote in election of 1796, SA 367; elects Monioe Governor, JMon 35, 77; negro plot in, JMon 35, 36; passes Madison's " Virginia Kesolutions " against Alien and Sedition laws, PH 408, GW ii. 266, JMad 230, 235, JR 27, 35, AJ 263, 254, DW 170, JCC 79; plans resistance to federal authority, PH 408, GM 311, AG 166, JMon 37, 38, JR 27, 28; Henry's last appeal to, in behalf of Union, PH 414r-418, JR29; decay of Federalist party in, GM 282; its political school wrecked by Randolph's revolt, JR 188; Burr trial in, JMar 208, 209, JR 218, 219; intrigues of Randolph in, to get its support for Monroe, JR 194-202, 211, 212, 228; declares for Madison for President, JMon 105, JR 228, 233; demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177; not leader in new States' rights movement, JR 253; opposes protective tariff, THB 80; elects Randolph to Senate, JR 284; favors congressional caucus, A J 109; refusal of J. Q. Adams to placate in election of 1828, JQA 201; replaces Randolph in Senate by Tyler, JR 299; constitutional convention of 1829 in, JMar 238-249, JMon 231, JR 300; Nat Turner's rising in, THB 144; its attitude toward nullification, AJ 257; attempt of Randolph to rouse it against Jackson in 1833, JR 301; ofiers to mediate with South Carolina, AJ 335, HC ii. 6, LC 149, 150; condemns removal of deposits, A J 365; favors expunging resolutions, AJ 366, HC ii. 100; causes successive resignations of Senators, AJ 366; 372 TOPICAL INDEX VIBQINIA (contimied), refuses to Tote for JohnsoD as Tice-president in 1836, AJ 442, MVB 259, 260; has controversy with New York over extradition of "slave stealers," WHS 35-38; defeat of Know-Nothing party in, WHS 138; John Brown's raid in, WHS 188, CS 170; opposes secession in 1860, AL i. 262, CPA 125, 126; caUs Peace Conference, WHS 217, CFA 126, CS 182; carried by secessionists, AL i. 262, 263, CFA 190; makes military league with Confederate States, AL i. 264; enters Southern Confederacy, AL i. 264; its northwestern counties secede, AL i. 265; nominal state government of, during and after war, AL ii. 217, TS 189, 269, 270; its recognition opposed by Sumner, CS 286, 287; readmitted to representation in Congress, CS 374. 'WAB OF 1812, see Military History. WASHTN'aTOIT CITY, descriptions of, GM 287, AG 161, 162, JQA 30, 101-103, DW 235-240, SPC 7-9, CFA 106; sacked by British, AG 320, JMon 121; defense of, during War of Kebellion, AL i. 255-262, 330, 337, 339, ii. 33-36, 39^6, 52^9, 281-283, WHS 206-211, 263. WEST, its expansion foreseen by various statesmen, BF 57, 83, 84, GW u. 7-16, AH 209, 210, 279, TJ 246, 247, HC i. 207, 208; desire of New England and New York to prevent its gaiiw ing a preponderance, GM 79, 98, 126, JMad 77, HC i. 59; desire of Washington to open up by canals, GW ii. 9-13, 218, 219, 321; its settlement, THB 1, 4, 5, HC i. 80; character of settlers, THB 2-4, 9; TOPICAL INDEX 373 character of its leaders, THB 11; social characteristics, violence, and lawlessness, THB 13-26, AL i. 17-30; its ignorance, THB 18, AL i. 36, 38; its share in War of Revolution, THB 7; demands Mississippi navigation in 1786, GW ii. 14-16, 164, AJ 22, 23; its perpetual subordination to East suggested in federal convention, GM 127, 300; its attitude nnderstood by Washington, GW ii. 163, 164; projects of Genet in, against Spanish colonies, GW ii. 162; secession movements in, GW ii. 163, AJ 22, 2S; expulsion of Indians from, THB 6, 7; Kepublican in politics, HC i. 31; in 1802, demands war for Mississippi navigation, GM 292; unfriendly to a navy, HC i. 80; Burr's schemes in, LC 55; its part in War of 1812, THB 7, 8, 28, HC i. 83, 86; trades across plains to Mexico, THB 35, 36, 49; demands free public land, A J 232; demands internal improvements, AJ 232, HC i. 48, DW 133; not sectional, THB 8-10; opposes Florida treaty, THB 38, 155; its belief in manifest destiny, THB 36, 49, 50; indifferent to slavery, THB 37, 49, 154, 155; ,;; j favors tariff of 1824, HC i. 219; supports tariff of 1828, MVB 143, THB 66; enthusiastic for Jackson, HC i. 288, THB 63; jealous of East, THB 68, 69; its development not due to protective tariff, THB 81, 82; attempt of Hayne to prejudice it against New England, DW 168; does not approve of nullification, THB 88; sympathizes with Texan rebellion, THB 159, 161; great development of, MVB 288-290, HC ii. 114, 116, THB 232,233; 374 TOPICAL INDKX WEST (continued), opposes Van Buren in 1836, MVB 280; failure of Webster to gain popularity in, DW 218, 219; land speculation in, MVB 289, 294, 309; adopts inflationist finances, THB 113, 114, AJ 161, 155; ruined in panic of 1837, THB 172, 173, HJ 166; recovers prosperity, AJ 176; demands aU of Oregon, HC ii. 280, THB 59, 247, 263, 265; favors annexation of Texas, THB 253, 264; divides between North and South on slavery issue, THB vi.; see also Northwest and Southwest. WEST INDIES, see Diplomatic History and England, "WEST vrEGmxa., campaign of McClellan in, AL i. 304; its origin, AL i. 266; forms a state constitution, AL ii. 180, TS 189; gains Virginia's consent by legal fiction, TS 189-191, 269, 270; question of constitutionality of its admission, AL ii. 180, 181, TS 189, CS 227; its electoral vote counted in 1864, AL ii. 297. ■WHIG PAKTT, Begins with NationsJ Republicans, 1825-1833, its relation to Federalist party, HC i. 317-319; social classes in, HC i. 320, 321; begins in defense of Adams's administration, JQA 193, MVB 153, 154, HC i. 281, 282, 287, DW 135, 146, THB 57; chilled by Adams's coldness, JQA 199-204; defames Jackson, HC i. 287, 288; defeated in New York election, MVB 166; significance of its defeat in presidential election, MVB 162, HC i. 290-292; claims to continue Republican party, HC i. 317; not organized before 1830, A J 289; its leaders, HC i. 319, 326, 341, 361, THB 78; TOPICAL INDEX 375 refuses to reduce taxation, MVB 299; holds national convention in 1831, AJ 298, 299; holds " Young Men's Convention," MVB 246; inferior in party discipline to Democrats, HC 321; makes Bank the issue in campaign of 1832, HC i. 357, DW 203, 204, 223, THB 111; Clay its inevitable candidate, HC i. 351, 358; denovSices Bank veto in campaign, HC L 379,383, 384, DW 202; causes for its defeat in election, HC i. 383, 384, THB 116; follows Clay hi compromise of 1833, DW 216-218, THB 93. Organizes as Opposition to Jackson and Van Buren, 1834-1840, begins to take the name " Whig," AJ 439, HC ii. 45, WHS 18, 19; has varying success in elections of 1834, HC ii. 45, MVB 344, WHS 19; coalesces with anti-Masons, AJ 444, MVB 245; despondent during Jackson's second term, HC ii. 96, JCC 117, 118, THB 166; opposes fortifications bill, THB 130; opposes admission of Michigan and Arkansas, THB' 152; supports banks against metallic currency, AJ 389, THB 129, 138; its relations with Calhoun, JCC 109, 183-186; advocates distribution of surplus, MVB 300; divides between Harrison, White, and Webster in 1836, AJ 444, 445, MVB 260, 264, HC ii. 96-98, DW 219, 224, 231; in Illinois politics, AL i. 38, 69-61, 71; in Pennsylvania politics, TS 51-53, 57, 61; attacks Van Buren as author of panic, MVB 321, 322, 333, THB 174, 175; opposes administration measures, HC ii. 137, 138, THB 178; demands a Bank, MVB 334-337; demands deposit of fourth instalment of surplus, MVB 338, HC ii. 135, THB 177; 376 TOPICAL INDEX WHIG PAETT (continued), gains in local elections, MVB 337, 342, HC ii. 131; attacked by abolitionists, HC ii. 164; in contested election case of 1839, MVB 377; aided by " conservative " Democrats, MVB 347, HC ii. 172; feels personal animosity to Van Buren, MVB 368; comprises all dissatisfied elements, HC ii. 183, 185; nominates Harrison and Tyler, MVB 377, 378, HC ii. 176, 179-182, DW 221, THB 210; wins election of 1840, MVB 382-391, HC ii. 186-189, DW 231-233, LC 155, 156, SPC 86, 87, CFA 42, TS 67; its program laid down by Clay, HC ii. 188, 189, THB 212, 213; repeals Sub-Treasury Act, MVB 348, THB 217, 218; has di£aculties with Tyler over Bank, MVB 401, 402, HC ii. 207, THB 226, 277; abandons Bank, A J 401; loses ground in elections, HC ii. 220, 237, 243; repudiates Tyler, HC ii. 213-217, DW 244; abandoned by " conservative " Democrats, HC ii. 216; criticizes Webster for remaining in ofQce, HC ii. 217, 218, DW243,251, LC187; damaged by MoLeod case m New York, WHS 32, 34, 39; defeated in New York election, WHS 39. Breaks up over Slavery Question, 1844-1856, opposes annexation of Texas, HC ii. 247, 272, THB 257, CFA 47; expects success in 1844, HC ii. 256, 266; nominates Clay, HC ii. 250, DW 255, LC 208, 216, WHS 43,44; despises Polk, HC ii. 256, LC 219, WHS 45-47, TS 62; its dealings with Liberty party, HC ii. 262, 263, DW 255, JCC 250, THB 257-259, SPC 93; its Southern members urge Clay to favor annexation of Texas, HC ii. 260; damaged by Clay's letters, HC ii. 264, 266, DW 255, LC 221; TOPICAL INDEX 377 defeated in election, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 267, LC 223, 224, WHS 47; Taeillates in opposition to Mexican War, HC ii. 288, AL i. 74; gains ground in election of 1846, HC ii. 289, MVB 417; supports Wilmot proviso at the North, MVB 417, 418, HC ii. 365; its attitude on slavery, HC ii. 300, 302, LC 245; " Conscience " and " Cotton " factions of, in Massachusetts, CFA 69-85, CS 43-65; carries New York in 1847, LC 243, MVB 422; movement in, to nominate Taylor, HC ii. 294-296, 299, 314, DW 266, LC 246-248; nominates Taylor in 1848, MVB 430, HC ii. 305, 306, DW 265, THB 291, 292, LC 248, 249, WHS 49, 50, SPC 96, CFA 88, 89, CS 57; bolt of « Conscience Whigs " from, HC ii. 306-310, LC 249, 260, CFA 89, CS 58; anti-slavery members of, prefer Taylor to Van Buren, MVB 431; helped by Free-Soil party, HC ii. 313, 314, THB 292; elects Taylor President, MVB 432, HC ii. 314, DW 267, THB 292, AL i. 79; elects Seward Senator, WHS 55; its action in Ohio senatorial election, SPC 104r-112; splits over slavery question, WHS 80, 81; Southern members of, denoimce Taylor, HC ii. 328, WHS 72, 73; Southern wing of, declines to follow Calhoun into a new party, JCC 319, 320; accepts compromise of 1850, MVB 435, HC ii. 397, 398, DW 329, WHS 112, TS 86; regains Massachusetts after struggle with Free-Soilers and Democrats, CS 75, 80, 86, 97, 100; factional struggle in New York, WHS 97; loses all its principles, HC ii. 397, DW 307, LC 264, WHS 73; 378 TOPICAL INDEX WHIG PAKTY {continued), candidates for its nomination in 1852, HC ii. 339-401, DW 328; nominates Scott, MVB 439, HC ii. 403, DW 329, 330, THB 305, LC 289, 290, WHS 112, 113; defeated in election, HC u. 405, DW 332, 333, LC 291, AL i. 93, WHS 113, SPC 132, CS 90, 97, TS 88; abandoned by Webster, DW 331; defeats Benton for Senator, THB 304; breaks up as result of Kansas-Nebraska Act, THB 313, WHS 113, 133-135, 191, TS 93, SPC 132, 147; retains organization at first in East, LC 305, CS 122; members of, become Know-Notbings in East, Republicans in West, WHS 138, 199, SPC 156, CS 123-129; supports Fillmore in 1856, MVB 445, LC 322, AL i. 100 disappears, CFA 102, TS 96; estimates of, THB 211, 257, CS 125, SPC 86-90, 97. WHISKEY rWSUEKECTIOH", passage of excise law, GW ii. 123, AH 178, 179; outbreaks in Pennsylvania and North Carolina, GW ii. 124, AG 48-53; proclamation against rioting, GW ii. 125, AH 180, AG 54; renewed outbreaks, GW ii. 125, 126, AH 180, AG 55, 67- 76,78-80,86; second proclamation, AG 77; failure of commissioners to pacify Pennsylvania, AG 81-87; militia called out, GW ii. 127, AG 87; suppression of insurrection, GW ii. 128, AH 181, AG 88-93; trial of prisoners, AG 96; Jefferson's attitude toward, TJ 150; Gallatin's share in, AG 69, 70, 75, 76,84, 94, 119, 124; laid by Washington to Democratic clubs, GW ii. 242; its real importance and danger, GW ii. 129, 130, AH 182, AG 101. WILMOT PB0VI30, introduced and defeated in 1846, HC ii. 285, 286, DW 283, JCC 278, LC 232, WHS 62, 64, CS 66; TOPICAL INDEX 379 becomes a political issue, MVB 417,413; demanded by Northern States, HC ii. 302, LC 233 ; defeated in 1847, LC 233; enters presidential campaign of 1848, HC ii. 304, 305, DW 284, 285, WHS 80; the origin of Republican party and cause of Civil War, MVB 416; question as to its necessity in New Mexico, MVB 418, DW 309-312, WHS 67; abandoned in compromise of 1850, HC ii. 332, 343; eontiiuued adherence of Free-Soil party to, HC ii. 345; abandoned by Bepublicans in organizing Territories in 1861, MVB 438, WHS 220, 221; opinions of statesmen on, HC ii. 341, LC 233, 274, 277, THB 286, 298, AL i. 79. WILLIAM Aina MAKY OOLLEOB, relations of Virginia statesmen with, FH 22, GW ii. 339, TJ 5, 81, JMon 7, 8, HC i. 7. WISCOBTSIl]-, its discovery and settlement, LC 4, 6, 12, 13; governed by Cass, LC 115; explorations in, LC 121,127, 128; Black Hawk War in, LC 141; adopts township system, LC 255; admitted as free State to balance Texas, AL i. 88, WHS 61; casts heavy Free-Soil vote, LC 260; formation of Repnblicau party in, LC 305; Democratic gains in, AL ii. 125. X T Z AFFAIR, JA 277-279, AH 201, JMar 104-128, TJ 168, AG 149. 7ALS COLLSGE, gives Franklin honorary degree, BF 43; studies of Calhoun at, JCC 9, 10. 380 TOPICAL INDEX TAZOO LAKD GBAITFS, see Index to Randolph. TOHKTOTVIT, see Military History. BIBLIOGRAPHY The following bibliography is intended to aid the reader to investigate in greater detail men and events treated in the Statesmen Series. It is not a full bibliography of Ameri- can history, even for the period covered, but contains merely a selected list of the most useful books. For purposes of con- venient reference it is divided into three parts, of which the first comprises books treating specifically of United States history as a whole. The second section on biographical references and the third section on topical references are arranged to correspond with the index of names and the topical index respectively. Throughout, only the period 1750-1874 is considered. GENERAL WORKS BIBLIOGRAPHIES The first group of general works to be considered includes the bibliographies, to which the reader is directed who desires to refer to the sources and literature of American history, systematically arranged. £. Channing and A. B. Hart. Guide to the Study of Ameri- can History. Boston, 1896. J. Winsor. Narrative and Critical History of America. 8 vols. Boston, 1884^89. See bibliographical notes at ends of chapters. W. E. Foster. References to the History of Presidential Administrations. N. T., 1885. W. E. Foster. References to the Constitution of the United States. N. Y., 1890. 382 BIBLIOGRAPHY E. E. Sparks. Topical Reference Lists in American His- tory. Columbus, 1893. W. F. Gordy and W. I. Twitchell. A Pathfinder in Ameri- can History. Boston, 1893. C. K. Adams. Manual of Historical Literature. N. T., 1882. Good brief bibliographical notes are found in the follow- ing text-books : — E. Channing. Students' History of the United States. N. Y., 1896. R. G. Thwaites. The Colonies. N. Y., 1891. A. B. Hart. Formation of the Union. N. Y., 1892. W. Wilson. Division and Reunion. N. Y., 1893. GENERAL HISTORIES A general history may profitably be referred to in connec- tion with the Statesmen Series, in order, through a continuous narrative of the period 1750-1874, to unify the varied infor- mation and points of view conveyed by the separate bio- graphies. It will also be found useful to consult a purely historical work in order to gain a professedly impartial stand- point, and to rearrange men and events in their proper per- spective. Finally, it will often be desirable to fiU gaps which the biographical form of the series may cause to be left in the sequence of events or the treatment of matters not espe- cially connected with the subject of any one of the bio- graphies. The following list of the leading general works is arranged chronologically according to the period treated: — J. Fiske. The Discovery of America. 2 vols. Boston, 1893. — The Beginnings of New England. Boston, 1889. — Old Virginia and her Neighbours. 2 vols. Boston, 1897. — Dutch and Quaker Colonies. 2 vols. Boston, 1899. — The American Revolution. 2 vols. Boston, 1891. — TTte Critical Period of American History. Boston, 1888. [1000-1789.] J. Winsor. Narrative and Critical History of the United States. 8 vols. Boston, 1886-89. [1000-1840.] GENERAL WORKS 383 Epochs of American History : — R. G. Thwaites. The Colonies. N. Y., 1891. [1000- 1750.] A. B. Hart. Formation of the Union. N. Y., 1892. [1750-1829.] W. Wilson. Division and Reunion. N. Y., 1893. [1829-1885.] W. C. Bryant and S. H. Gay. A Popular History of the United States. 5 vols. N. Y., 1876-98. [1000-1893.] E. Chamiing. Students' History of the United States. N. Y., 1898. [1000-1895.] E. S. Ellis. The People's Standard History of the United States. 6 vols. N. Y., 1898. [1000-1898.] G. Bancroft. A History of the United States. Author's last revision. 6 vols. N. Y., 1883-85. [1492-1789.] B. Hildieth. History of the United States. 6 vols. N. Y., 1851-56. [1492-1821.] A merican History Series : — G. P. Fisher. The Colonial Era. N. Y., 1892. [1492-1756.] W. M. Sloaue. The French War and the Revolution. N. Y., 1893. [1756-1783.] F. A. Walker. The Making of the Nation. N. Y., 1895. [1783-1815.] J. W. Burgess. The Middle Period. N. Y., 1897. [1815-1858.] Goldwin Smith. The United States, an Outline of Political History, H9Z-1871. N. Y., 1893. T. Pitkin. A Political and Civil History of the United States. 2 vols. New Haven, 1828. [1497-1797.] E. B. Andrews. History of the United States. 2 vols. N.Y., 1894. [1492-1888.] H. C. Lodge. A Short History of the English Colonies in America. N. Y., 1881. [1608-1783.] G. Tucker. The History of the United States. 4 vols. PhU., 1856-57. [1608-1841.] 384 BIBLIOGRAPHY J. B. McMaster. A History of the People of the United States. 5 vols. N. Y., 1883-99. [1783-1830.] H. C. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United States. 8 vols. Chicago. 1876-1892. [1783-1861.] J. Schouler. History of the United States under the Consti- tution. 6 vols. N. Y., 1899. [1783-1865.] H. Adams. History of the United States. 9 vols. N. Y., 1889-91. [1800-1817.] J. F. Rhodes. History of the United States from the Com- promise of 1850. 4 vols. N. Y., 1893-99. [1850-1864.] E. B. Andrews. History of the last Quarter Century in the United States, 1870-1895. TS. Y., 1896. CONTROVERSIAL HISTORIES Certain works devoted to the various aspects of the slavery- struggle, and avowedly of a controversial character, are to be grouped by themselves as standing midway between general and special works. E. A. Pollard. The Lost Cause. N. Y., 1867. [1783- 1865.] J. Davis. ITie Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, 2 vols. N. Y., 1881. [1783-1875.] H. Greeley. The American Conflict. 2 vols. Hartford, 1864-67. [1789-1867.] H. Wilson. History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Pomer in America. 3 vols. Boston, 1872-77. [1789-1877.] J. W. Draper. History of the American Civil War. 3 vols. N.Y., 1867-1870. [1850-1865.] A. H. Stevens. A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States. 2 vols. Phila., 1868-70. [1861-1865.] BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS The references in this section are intended to enable the reader to carry further the study of any prominent person mentioned in the Statesmen Series. No attempt has been made to gather a bibliography of each person or to refer to sources, but merely to include published works and lives. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 385 KEPERENCE WOKKS For brief lefeiences to any names mentioned in the States- men Series, whether the subjects of biographies or not, the following reference works may be consulted : — Appleton's Cyclopoedia of American Biography. J. G. Wil- son and J. Fiske, editors. 6 vols. N. Y., 1887-1889. The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 9 vols. N. Y., 1892-1899. LamVs Biographical Dictionary of the United States. J. H. Brown. 3 vols, [to H]. Boston, 1900. Dictionary of American Biography. F.S.Drake. Boston, 1872. American Biographical Dictionary. W. Allen. Boston, 1857. Dictionary of National Biography. L. Stephen and S. Lee, editors. 63 vols. London, 188S-1900. [The best reference work for English names. It contains bibliographies.] Nouvelle Biographie Oenerale. J. C. F. Hoefer, editor. 46 vols. Paris, 1862-1870. The following biographical collections contain references more or less full to the leading American statesmen : — Library of American Biography. J. Sparks, editor. First series, 10 vols. Second series, 15 vols. Boston, 1834r-65. National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. 2 vols. N. Y., 1862. The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans. 3. B. Longacre and J. Herring. 4 vols. Phil., 1834-39. Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States. C. Lanman. N. Y., 1887. The Republic, a History of the United States in the Admin- istrations. 3. R. Irelan. 14 vols. Chicago, 1886-88. Lives of the Presidents. J. S. C. Abbott. Boston, 1879. Lives of the Presidents. W.O.Stoddard. 10 vols. N. Y., 1886-89. 386 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sketches of the Lives and Jitdidal Services of the Chief Justices. G. Van Santvoord. N. Y., 1854. Lives and Times of the Chief Justices. H. Flanders. 2 vols. Phil., 1858. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. B. J. Lossing. N. Y., 1848. Biography of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence, J. Sanderson. 9 vols. PhU., 1823-27. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. N. Dwight. N. Y., 1860. Lives of the Governors of New York. J. S. Jenkins. An- bnm, 1851. Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859. Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860. Men of our Times. H. B. Stowe. Hartford, 1868. Eminent Americans. B. J. Lossing. N. Y., 1886. Famous Americans of Recent Times. J. Parton. Chicago, 1881. Biographical articles are also to be foand in the following general reference works: — Cyclopcedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States. J. J. Lalor, editor. 3 vols. Chicago, 1881-84. Harper's Popular Cyclopcedia of United States History. B. J. Lossing. 2 vols. N.Y., 1881. Johnson's Universal Cyclopadia. C. K. Adams, editor. 8 vols. N. Y., 1893. The American Cyclopcedia. G. BIpley and C. A. Dana, editors. 16 vols. N. Y., 1873-76. Periodical articles, for some persons almost the only sources of information, may be found through: — Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. W. F. Poole and W. I. Fletcher, editors. Revised edition. 2 vols. Boston, 1893. Continued in 3 vols. Boston, 1888-97. The Annual Literary Index. W. I. Fletcher and R. R. Bowker. 1897-1900. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 387 BIOGRAPHIEB Adaii, John, Biographical Sketch of Oeneral John Adair. Washington, 1830. Adama, Abigail, Familiar Letters of John Adams, and his Wife Abigail Adams, during the Revolution. With a Memoir of Mrs. Adams. C. F. Adams, editor. Boston, 1876. Adams, John, The Life of John Adams. J. Q. Adams and C. R Adams. 2 vols. Phil., 1871. Works of John Adams, with a Life of the Author. 10 vols. Boston, 1850-S6. History of the Life, Administration, and Times of John Adams. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1886. Adams, John Q,uinoy, Memoir of the Life of John Quincy Adams. Josiah Qnincy. Boston, 1858. Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams. W. H. Seward, Auburn, 1849. James Madison, James Monroe, and John Quincy Adams. W. O. Stoddard. N. Y., 1887. History of the Life, Administration, and Times of John Quincy Adams. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams. Comprising Parts of his Diary. 12 vols. Phil., 1874^-77. Adams, Samuel, The Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams. W. V. WeUs. 3 vols. Boston, 1865. Albert, Frince Consort, Life of the Prince Consort. Sir T. Martin, K. C. B. 5 vols. New York, 1875-80. Life of H. R.H. the Prince Consort. C. M. Yonge. London, 1890. Alexander I., Life and Times of Alexander I., Emperor of aU the Russias. C. Joyneville. 3 vols. London, 1875. 388 BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, Charles, A Memorial of the Hon. Charles Allen, from his Children. Cambridge, 1870. Allen, Bthan, The Mountain Hero and his Associates. H. W. DePuy. Boston, 1855. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes of '76. H. W. DePuy. Buffalo, 1859. Ethan A lien, the Robin Hood of Vermont. Henry Hall. New York, 1892. Memoir of Col. Ethan Allen. H. Moore. Plattsbnrg, 1834. Ames, Fisher, Works of Fisher Ames. Seth Ames. 2 yols. Boston, 1854. Andre, Major John, The Life and Career of Major John Andre. W. Sargent. Boston, 1861. Andrew, John A, Sketch of the Official Life of John A . A ndrew. A. G. Browne, Jr. New York, 1868. Memoir of John A. Andrew, with Personal Reminiscences. P. W. Chandler. Cambridge, 1880. Arnold, Benedict, Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold. Jared Sparks. Bos- ton, 1838. Life of Benedict Arnold. I. N. Arnold. Chicago, 1880. Astor, John Jacob, Life of John Jacob Astor. J. Parton. N. Y., 1865. Baker, Sdward D., Hon. Edward D. Baker, U. S. Senator from Oregon. J. D. Baltz. Lancaster, Pa., 1888. Banks, Nathaniel F., The Bobbin Boy, or How Nat got his Learning. W. M. Thayer. Boston, 1860. Barlow, Joel, Political Writings. Joel Barlow. New York, 1796. Barras, F. F. J. N., Comte de, Memoirs. Translated by C. E. Boche. 4 vols. N. Y., 1895-96. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 389 Bates, Sdward, see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. T., 1859. — Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Fhil., 1860. Bates, Joshua, Tribute of Boston Merchants to the Memory of Joshua Bates. Boston, 1864. A Memorial of Joshua Bates from the City of Boston. Bos- ton City Council. Boston, 1865. Bayard, James A., see National Portrait Gallery. Longacre and Herring. Vol. n. Beaumorohais, Iiouis IiSonard de, Beaumarchais and his Times. L. de Lom^nie. Translated by H. S. Edwards. N. Y., 1857. Beauregard, General F. Q. T., The Military Operations of General Beauregard in the War between the States, 1861-65. Alfred Roman. 2 vols. New York, 1884. Bedford, John Bussell, Duke of. Correspondence, with introduction by Lord John Russell. 3 vols. London, 1842-46. Bell, John, Life, Speeches, and Public Services of John Bell. N. Y., 1860. Bennett, James Gordon, Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett and his Tim£s, by a jour- nalist (I. C. Pray). N. Y., 1855. Benton, Thomas H., Thirty Years' View, a History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years. "2 vols. N. Y., 1864-66. Bernard, John, Retrospections of America, 1792-1811. New York, 1887. Binns, John, Recollections of his Life. Written by Himself. Phil., 1854. Btnney, Horace, An Eulogium of the Life and Character of Horace Binney. W. Strong. Phil., 1876. Bimey, James G., James G. Bimey and his Times. William Birney. N. Y., 1890. 390 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sketch of the Life and Writings of James G. Bimey. Beriah Green. Utica, 1844. Black, Jeremiah 8., Essays and Speeches of Jeremiah S. Black, with a Biographi- cal Sketch. Chaunoy F. Black. New York, 1885. Blaine, Jaxaes G., Biography of James G. Blaine. Gail Hamilton. Norwich, 1895. James G. Blaine. A Sketch of his Life. 0. W. Balestier. N. Y., 1884. Life and Public Services of James G. Blaine. K. H. Couwell. Boston, 1884. Political Adventures of James G. Blaine. E. L. Didier. Baltimore, 1884. Twenty Years of" Congress. James G. Blaine. 2 vols. Nor- wich, 1884-86. Blair, Francis F., Jr., Lives of Seymour and Blair. Phil., 1868. The Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour, with a Life of Francis P. Blair, Jr. J. D. McCabe. N. Y., 1868. Seymour and Blair, thdr Lives and Services. D. G. Croly. N. Y., 1868. Bonaparte, Jerome, Memoires et Correspondance du B,oi Jeirome et de la Heine Catherine. 7 vols. Paris, 1861-66. Boone, Daniel, The First White Man of the West, or the Life and Exploits of Colonel Daniel Boone. T. Flint. Cincinnati, 1849. Daniel Boone, the Pioneer of Kentucky. G.C.Hill. N. Y, 1860. Boutwell, George 8., Speeches and Papers relating to the Rebellion. Boston, 1867. Breokenridge, John C, Portraits and Sketches of J. C. Breckenridge and Joseph Lane. N. Y., 1860. Bright, John, L^e and Times of the Right Hon. John Bright. W. Robettr son. London, 1884. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 391 The Life and Speeches of John Bright, G. B. Smith. N. Y., 1881. Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron, Life and Times. Written by Himself. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1871. Works. 7 vols. Edinburgh, 1872. Brown, John, Reminiscences of Old John Brown. G. W. Brown. Rook- ford, 111., 1880. Public Life of Captain John Brown. J. Redpath. Boston, 1860. Life and Letters of John Brown. F. B. Sanborn. Boston, 1885. John Brown. H. C. Von Hoist. Boston, 1889. The Life and Letters of Captain John Brown. R. D. Webb. London, 1861. Bryant, 'William Cullen, William Cullen Bryant. J. Bigelow. Boston, 1890. William Cullen Bryant. A. J. Symington. N. Y., 1880. Buchanan, James, Life of James Buchanan. G. T. Curtis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1883. Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion. N. Y., 1866. Burgoyne, General John, Political and Military Episodes derived from the Life and Correspondence of John Burgoyne. E. B. de Fonblanque. London, 1876. Burke, lEldmund, History of the Life and Times of Edmund Burke. T. Mac- Knight. 3 vols. London, 1858-60. Memoir of the Life and Character of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke. James Prior. 2 vols. Boston, 1854. Works. Third edition. 12 vols. Boston, 1869. Edmund Burke. J. Morley. London, 1879. Bumside, Oeneral Ambrose S., Life and Public Services of Ambrose E. Bumside. B. P. Poore. Providence, 1882. 392 BIBLIOGRAPHY Burr, Aaron, Memoirs of Aaron Burr. M. L. Davis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1836, 1837. Life and Times of Aaron Burr. James Parton. N. Y., 1858. Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his Residence of Four Years in Europe. 2 vols. N. Y., 1838. Life of Colonel Aaron Burr. C. B. Todd. N. Y., 1879. Butler, Benjamin F., The Lives and Opinions of B. F. Butler and Jesse Hoyt. W. L. Mackenzie. Boston, 1845. Butler, General B. F., Life ofB. F. Butler. T. A. Bland. Boston, 1879. Autobiography and Personal Reminiscences. Butler's Book. Boston, 1892. General Butler in New Orleans. J. Parton. Boston, 1864. Cabot, George, Life and Letters of George Cabot. H. C. Lodge. Boston, 1877. Calhoun, John C, Life of John C. Calhoun. N. Y., 1843. Life of John C. Calhoun. J. S. Jenkins. Auburn, 1850. Private Life of John C. Calhoun. M. Bates. Charleston, 1852. Works of John C. Calhoun. R. K. Oralis. 6 vols. New York, 1853. Cameron, Simon, see Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860. Canning, George, The Political Life of the Right Honorable George Canning. A. G. Stapleton. 3 vols. London, 1831. Canning, Stratford, The Life of Stratford Canning, Viscount Stratford de Red- cliffe. S. Lane-Poole. 2 vols. London, 1888. Cartwright, Peter, Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, the Backwoods Preacher. Edited by W. P. Strickland. N. Y., 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 393 CaBS, Iiowis, Life and Services of General Leteis Cass. Phil., 1848. Outline of the Life and Character of General Lewis Cass. H. R. Schoolcraft. Albany, 1848. Fifty Years of Public Life. The Life and Times of Lewis Cass. W. L. G. Smith. N. Y., 1856. Castlereagh, Visoount, Memoirs and Correspondence. 12 vols. London, 1850-53. Chandler, Zachariah, Zachariah Chandler; his Life and Public Services. By the Detroit Post and Tribune. Detroit, 1880. Channjng, William SUery, Memoirs of William Ellery Channing. W. H. Channing. 3 vols. Boston, 1848. Chase, Salmon P., The Life and Public Services of Salmon P. Chase. J. W. Sohnokers. N. Y., 1874. An Account of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase. R. B. "Warden. Cincinnati, 1874. Chase, Samuel, see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page 386. Chateaubriand, Vicomte, CEuvres Completes. 22 vols. Paris, 1836. Chateaubriand, sa Vie et ses (Euvres. C. Benoit. Paris, 1865. Chateaubriand. M. F. A. de Lescure. Paris, 1892. Chatham, William Fitt, Sari of, Anecdotes of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. J. Almon. 3 vols. London, 1810. A History of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. F. Thackeray. 2 vols. London, 1827. Correspondence. 4 vols. London, 1838-40. Chevalier, Miohel, Society, Manners, and Politics in the United States. Boston, 1839. Choate, BufUs, Life ofRufus Choate. S. G. Brown. Boston, 1870. 394 BIBLIOGRAPHY Works ofRufus Choate. 2 vols. Boston, 1862. Memories ofRufus Choate. J. Neilson. Boston, 1884. Reminiscences ofRufus Choate. E. G. Parker. N. T., 1860. day, Cassius M., Life, Memoirs, Writiugs, and Speeches. 2 vols. Cincinnati, 1886. Clay, Henry, Life and Times of Henry Clay. C. Colton. 2 vols. N. Y., 1846. The Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay. C. Colton. N. Y, 1856. Life and Speeches of Henry Clay. D. Mallory. 2 vols. N. Y., 1843. TJie Life and Public Services of Henry Clay. Epes Sargent. N. Y, 1859. Life and Times of Henry Clay. S. M. Schmucker. Phil., 1867. The Life and Speeches of Henry Clay. J. B. Swain, 2 vols. N. Y., 1842. Biography of Henry Clay. G. D. Prentice. N. Y., 1831. Private Correspondence of Henry Clay. N. Y., 1856. Works of Henry Clay. 6 vols. N. Y., 1863. Clayton, John M., Memoir of John M. Clayton. J. P. Comegys. Wilmington, 1882. Clinton, DeWitt, The Life and Writings of DeWitt Clinton. W. W. Camp- beU. N. Y, 1849. Memoir of De Witt Clinton. D. Hosack. 2 parts. N. Y., 1829. Life of DeWitt Clinton. J. Renwick. N. Y., 1840. Clinton, George, see National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. Vol. I. N. Y., 1862. Cobb, Howell, Memorial Volume of Howell Cobb. S. Boykin. Philadel- phia, 1870. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 395 Cobden, Biohard, Life of Richard Cohden. J. Morley. 2 vols. Boston, 1881. Reminiscences of Richard Cobden. J. S. Sohwabe. London, 1895. Colfax, Sohuyler, Life and Services of Gen. U. S. Grant. With a Sketch of Schuyler Colfax. H. Coppde. N. Y., 1868. Life of Schuyler Colfax. Eev. A. Y. Moore. Phil., 1868. Life and Public Services of U. S. Grant, and a Biographical Sketch of Schuyler Colfax. C.A.Phelps. Boston, 1868. Life of Schuyler Colfax. O. J. HoUister. N. Y., 1886. Conkling, Bosooe, The Life and Letters of Roscoe ConMing, A, R. Conkling. N. Y., 1889. Cornwallis, Charles, Iiord, Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis. C. Ross. 3 vols. Loudon, 1859. Corwln, Thomas, Thomas Corwin. A. P. Russell. Cincinnati, 1882. Speeches of Thomas Corwin, with a Sketch of his Life. I. Strohm. Dayton, 1859. Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin. Josiah Morrow. Cincinnati, 1896. Crawford, "Vfilliam H., The Life and Times of William Harris Crawford, of Georgia. C. N. West. Savannah, 1892. Crittenden, John J., Life of John J. Crittenden. Mrs. A. M. Coleman. 2 vols. Phil., 1871. Crockett, David, Colonel Crockett's Exploits and Adventures in Texas. Writ- ten by Himself. PhU., 1836. Curtis, Benjamin B., Memoir. With some of his Professional and Miscellaneous Writings. Edited by his son, Benj. R. Curtis. 2 vols. Boston, 1879. Cashing, Caleb, A Memorial of Caleb Cushing. City Government of New- buryport. Newburyport, 1879. 396 BIBLIOGRAPHY Dallas, Alexander J., Life and Writings of Alexander J. Dallas. G. M. Dallas. PhU., 1871. Dallas, George M., Life of J. K. Polk. Also a Sketch of the Life of George M. Dallas. Baltimore, 1844. Letters from London. Phil., 1869. Davis, Henry "Winter, Speeches and Addresses of Henry Winter Davis, with Life hy J.A.J. Creswell. N. Y., 1867. Davis, Jefferson, Life and Imprisonment of Jefferson Davis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1866. Jefferson Davis, Ex-President of the Confederate States. A Memoir. Mrs. V. J. Davis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1890. Life of Jefferson Davis. E. A. Pollard. Phil., 1869. Life of Jefferson Davis. F. H. Alfriend. Cincinnati, 1868. The Life of Jefferson Davis. By Distinguished Men of his Time. Baltimore, 1890. Dayton, "William L., A Memorial of the Life and Character of Hon. William L. Dayton. J. P. Bradley. Newark, 1875. Deane, Bilaa, The Objects and Proceedings of Silas Deane. E. Bancroft. Brooklyn, 1891. Papers in Relation to ike Case of Silas Deane. Phil., 1855. The Deane Papers. C.Isham. 3 vols. New York, 1887-89. Dearborn, Henry, Defense of General Henry Dearborn against the Attacks of General William Hull. H. A. S. Dearborn. Boston, 1824. Derby, Earl of. Life of the Earl of Derby, K. G. T. E. Kebbel. London, 1890. The Earl of Derby. E. G. B. Saintsbnry. London, 1892. De Tocqueville, Alexis, Democracy in America. Translated by H. Keove. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1862. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 397 Sezter, Samuel, Reminiscences of Samuel Dexter. L. M. Sargent. Boston, 1857. Sketch of the Life of Samuel Dexter. J.Story. Boston, 1816. Sickerson, Mahlon, see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her- ring. Vol. in. PhU., 1834r-39. Sickinson, Daniel S., Speeches, Correspondence, etc. 2 vols. N. Y., 1867. Dickinson, John, The Life and Times of John Dickinson, 1732-1808. C. J. Stilld. Phil., 1891. Political Writings of John Dickinson. 2 vols. Wilmington, 1801. Disraeli, Benjamin, Hie Public Life of the Earl of Beaconsfield. F. Hitehman. 2 vols. London, 1879. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, and his Times. A. C. Ewald. 2 vols. London, 1882. An Appreciative Life of the Earl of Beaconsfield. C. Brown. 2 vols. London, 1882. Lord Beaconsfield. J. A. Froude. London, 1890. Life of Lord Beaconsfield. T. E. Eebbel. London, 1888. Disraeli and his Day. Sir W. Eraser. London, 1891. Diz, John A., Speeches and Occasional Addresses. 2 vols. N. Y., 1864. Memoirs of John Adams Dix. Compiled by his son. 2 vols. N. Y., 1883. Dixon, Archibald, The True Histery of the Missouri Compromise and its Repeal. S. B. Dixon. Cincinnati, 1899. Douglas, Stephen A., Life of Stephen A. Douglas. J. W. Sheahan. N. Y., 1860. Voters' Version of the Life and Character of Stephen A. Douglas. R. B. Warden. Columbus, 1860. A Brief Treatise upon Constitutional and Party Questions, and the History of Political Parties, as received Orally from the late Stephen A. Douglas. J. M. Cutts. N. Y., 1866. 398 BIBLIOGRAPHY Suane, William J., Biographical Memoir of William J. Dnane. Phil., 1868. Dumouriez, C. F. D., Memoirs of General Dumouriez. Written by Himself . Trans- lated by J. Fenwiok. Phil., 1794. Edwards, Ifiniam, History of Illinois from 1778 to 1833, and Life and Times of Ninian Edwards. By his son, Ninian W. Edwards. Springfield, 1870. Bllswortli, Oliver, see Lives of the Chief Justices. Flanders and Van Santroord. Everett, Edward, Orations and Speeches on various Occasions. 4 vols. Boston, 1853-1868. A Memorial of Edward Everett. J. M. Bngbee. Boston, 1865. Ewlng, Thomas, Memoir of Thomas Evjing. Mrs. E. E. Sherman. New York, 1874. Parragut, David Q., The Life of David Glasgow Farragut. L. Farragut. N. Y., 1879. Field, David Dudley, The Life of David Dudley Field. H. M. Field, D. D. N.Y., 1898. Fillmore, MUlard, Biography of Millard Fillmore. J. Chamberlain. Bnffalo, 1866. History of the Life, Administration, and Times of MUlard Fillmore. J. K. Irelan. Chicago, 1888. Forster, "William E., Life of William Edward Forster. T. W. Keid. 2 vols. London, 1888. Fox, Charles James, Memorials and Correspondence of Charles James Fox. Lord John Bussell. 4 vols. London, 1853-57. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 399 Life of Charles James Fox. H. O. Wakeman. London, 1890. Franklin, Benjamin, Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. J. Parton. 2 vols. Boston, 1867. Life of Benjamin Franklin, J. Sparks. Boston, 1844. Benjamin Franklin as a Man of Letters. J. B. McMaster. Boston, 1887. Franklin Bibliography. P. L. Ford. Brooklyn, 1889. Benjamin Franklin's Life and Writings. H. Stevens. Lon- don, 1881. Franklin in France. E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr. 2 vols. Boston, 1887-88. Works of Benjamin Franklin. Jaced Sparks. 10 vols. Boston, 1836-1850. Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin. John Bigelow. 10 vols. N. T., 1887-88. The Many-Sided FranUin. P. L. Ford. N. Y., 1899. The True Benjamin Franklin. S. G. Fisher. Phil., 1899. Fremont, John C, Memoirs of my Life. Chicago, 1887. Memoir of Life and Services of John C. Fremont. J. Bige- low. N. Y., 1856. Life, Explorations, and Public Services of John C. Fremont. C. W. Upham. Boston, 1856. Oallatin, Albert, Life of Albert Gallatin. Henry Adams. Phil., 1879. Writings of Albert Gallatin. H. Adams. 3 vols. Phil., 1879. Garfield, James A., Garf eld's Place in History. H. C. Pedder. N. Y., 1882. Wctrks of James A. Garfield. B. A. Hinsdale. 2 vols. Boston, 1882-83. Oarrison, William JAoyd, William Lloyd Garrison. The Story of his Life Told by his Children. W. P. Garrison and F. J. Garrison, 4 vols. N. Y., 1885-89. 400 BIBLIOGRAPHY William Lloyd Garrison, the Abolitionist. A. H. Grimke. N. Y., 1891. William Lloyd Garrison and his Times. Oliver Johnson. Boston, 1880. The Moral Crusader: A Biographical Essay on William Lloyd Garrison. G. Smith. N. Y., 1892. The Story of a Noble Life: William Lloyd Garrison. W. E. A. Axon. London, 1879. Selections from Writings and Speeches. Boston, 1852. Qeorge lU., Memoirs of the Life and Reign of King George the Third. J. H. Jesse. 3 vols. London, 1867. Oerry, Mbridge, The Life of Elbridge Gerry. J.T.Austin. 2 vols. Boston, 1829. Giddings, Joshua B., Life of Joshua R. Giddings. G. W. Julian. Chicago, 1892. Speeches in Congress. Boston, 1853. Qirard, Stephen, Biography of Stephen Girard. S. Simpson. Phil., 1832. Life and Character of Stephen Girard. H. A. Ingram. Phil., 1886. Stephen Girard, Merchant and Mariner. J. M. Beck. PhU., 1897. Oladatone, William Swart, The Story of Gladstone's Life. J. McCarthy. N. Y., 1897. The Life of William Eviart Gladstone. Sir T. W. Keid, Editor. 2 vols. N. Y., 1899. Grant, Ulysses 3., Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. N. Y., 1886. Military History of U. S. Grant. Adam Badeau. 3 vols. N. Y., 1868. Grant in Peace. A. Badeau. Hartford, 1887. Recollections of General Grant. G. W. Childs. Phil., 1888. Life of U. S. Grant. C. A. Dana and J. H. Wilson. Spring- field, 1868. BIOGEAPHICAL WORKS 401 Qreeley, Horace, A Memorial of Horace Greeley, Whitelaw Beid. N. Y., 1873. Recollections of a Busy Life. N. T., 1868. Life and Public Career of Horace Greeley. W. M. Cornell. Boston, 1882. Life of Horace Greeley. L. D. Ingersoll. Phil., 1873. Life of Horace Greeley. J. Farton. N. Y., 1855. Horace Greeley, the Editor. F. N. Zabriskie. N. Y., 1890. Greene, General Ifathanael, General Greene. F. V. Greene. N. Y., 1893. The Life of Nathanael Greene. G. W. Greene. 3 vols. N. Y., 1867-71. Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene. W. Johnson. 2 vols. Charleston, 1822. Grimes, James W., The Life of J. W. Grimes. By W. Salter. N. Y., 1876. Grundy, Felix, see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her- ring. Vol. III. Phil., 1834r-39. Hale, John F., see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859. Halleck, General Henry W., Biographical Sketch of Major General Henry W. Halleck. G. W. Cullum. N. Y., 1880. Hamilton, Alexander, The Life of Alexander Hamilton. John C. Hamilton. 2 vols. N. Y., 1834. The Life of Alexander Hamilton. A History of the Republic, J. C. Hamilton. 7 vols. Boston, 1879. The Life and Times of Alexander Hamilton. S. M. Schmnoker. PhU., 1856. The Life of Alexander Hamilton. J. T. Morse, Jr. 2 vols. Boston, 1876. The Life and Epoch of Alexander HamUton. G. Shea. Bos- ton, 1877. 402 BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander Hamilton. W. G. Sumner. N. Y., 1890. The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by J. C. Hamil- ton. 7 vols. N. Y., 1850-^51. The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by H. C. Lodge. 4 vols. N. Y., 1885. Hanulton, James A., Reminiscences. N. Y., 1869. Hamlin, Hannibal, The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin. C. E. Hamlin. Boston, 1899. Hancock, Jolm, John Hancock and his Times. W. C. Barrage. Boston, 1891. Ten Chapters in the Life of John Hancock. S. Higginson. N. Y., 1857. John Hancock, his Book. A. E. Brown. Boston, 1898. Hatper, Bobert Goodloe, Robert Goodloe Harper. A Dissertation. C. W. Sommer- viUe. Wash., 1899. Hariison, Benjamin, see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page 386. Harrison, William Henry, Life and Times of W. H. Harrison. S. J. Burr. N. Y., 1840. History of the Life of General Harrison. I. E. Jackson. Phil., 1840. The Tippecanoe Text-book. W. O. Niles. 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Life and Times of Martin Van Buren. W. L. Mackenzie. Boston, 1846. History of the Life, Administration, and Times of Martin Van Buren. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887. Martin Van Buren to the End of his Public Career. G. Ban- croft. N. Y., 1889. Van Sohaaok, Feter, The Life of Peter Van Schaach By his son, H. C. Van Sohaaok. N. Y., 1842. Voltaire, F. M. Arouet de, Voltaire. Edm^ Champion. Paris, 1893. Voltaire et la Societe franfaise au xviii' Siecle. G. Desnoir- terres. 8 vols. Paris, 1867-1876. Voltaire. J. Morley. London, 1872. Life of Voltaire. J. Parton. 2 vok. Boston, 1881. ■Wade, Beqjamin P., Life of Benjamin F. Wade. A. G. Riddle. Cleveland, 1886. 'Wadsworth, James, Memoir of James Wadsworth. L. F. Allen. Buffalo, 1864. 'Ward, Samuel, Life of Samuel Ward. W. Gammell. Boston, 1846. Warren, Joseph, Life and Times of Joseph Warren. R. Frothingham. Bos- ton, 1865. Life of Joseph Warren. A. H. Everett, in Library of Ameri- can Biography. Boston, 1839. Waataington, Qeorge, Life of George Washington. J. Marshall. 5 vols. Phil., 1804r-07. The Life of George Washington. J. Sparks. Boston, 1839. Life of George Washington. Washington Irving. 6 vols. N. Y., 1855-59. Writings of George Washington. Edited by J. Sparks. 12 vols. Boston, 1837. 422 BIBLIOGRAPHY Writings of George Washington. Edited by W. C. Ford. U vols. N. Y., 1889. The True George Washington. P. L. Ford. Phil., 1900. "Wayne, Anthony, Major-General Anthony Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line in the Continental Army. C. J. StilU. Phil., 1893. Life of Anthony Wayne. J. Armstrong, in Library of American Biography. Vol. 4. Boston, 1839. Webster, Daniel, Life of Daniel Webster. G.T.Curtis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1870. Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Daniel Webster. P. Harvey. Boston, 1877. Recollections of Daniel Webster. V. W. Kingsley. N. Y., 1871. Life, Speeches, and Memorials of Daniel Webster. S. M. Sohmucker. Phil., 1867. Works of Daniel Webster. 6 vols. Boston, 1851. Private Correspondence. Edited by F. Webster. 2 vols. Boston, 1857. Weed, Thurlow, Memoir of Thurlow Weed. T. W. Barnes. Boston, 1884. Autobiography of Thurlow Weed. Edited by H. A. Weed. Boston, 1884. •Wellington, Duke of, Life of Field Marshal his Grace the Duke of Wellington. W. H. Maxwell. 3 vols. Loudon, 1839-41. Life of Field-Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington. C. D. Yonge. 2 vols. London, 1860. Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda. Edited by his son. 2 series. 23 volumes. Loudon, 1858-80. 'Whittier, John Greenleaf, John Greenleaf Whittier, the Poet of Freedom. W. S. Ken- nedy. N. Y., 1882. Life and Letters of J. G. Whittier. S. T. Pickard. Boston, 1894. Wilkinson, James, Memoirs of my Own Times. 3 vols. Phil., 1816. BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 423 'Wilson, Henry, Life of Henry Wilson. J. B. Mann. Boston, 1872. Life and Public Services of Henry Wilson. E. Kason and T. Russell. Boston, 1876. Wilson, James, Works of James Wilson. 3 vols. Phil., 1804. "Winthrop, Bobert C, Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions. 4 vols. Bos- ton, 1852-1886. A Memoir of Bobert C. Winthrop. R. C. Winthrop, Jr. Boston, 1897. ■Wirt, ■William, Memoirs of William Wirt. J. P. Kennedy. 2 vols. Phil., 1849. Wise, Henry A., Seven Decades of the Union. Phil., 1876. see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859. — Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860. Wood, Fernando, A Model Mayor. Early Life, Congressional Career and Triumphant Municipal Administration of Hon. Fernando Wood. N. Y., 1855. Woodbury, Levi, Writings of Levi Woodbury, Political, Judicial, and Literary. 3 vols. Boston, 1852. Wolcott, Oliver, Memoirs of the Administrations of Washington and John Adams, edited from the papers of Oliver Wolcott. G. Gibbs. 2 vols. N. Y., 1846. see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page 386. Wrigbt, Silas, Life of Silas Wright. J. S. Jenkins. Auburn, N. Y., 1847. Life and Times of SHas Wright. J. D. Hammond. Syra- cuse, 1848. Wythe, George, see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page 386. 424 BIBLIOGRAPHY Tancey, William Ii., The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey. J. W. Du Bose. Birmingham, Ala., 1892, The Cradle of the Confederacy : or The Times of Troup, Quitman, and Yancey. J. Hodgson. Mobile, 1876. TOPICAL EEPERENCES GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS The reader who wishes to study more fully any subject mentioned in the topical index will flud full bibliographical references in the list of bibliographies on page 381. The authoritative work in this field is Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, of which the volumes V.-VIII. cover the ground of the Statesmen Series. For full consideration of many subjects the general his- tories mentioned on page 382 are amply sufBcient, and they are worth consulting on almost all points, since they aim to place matters in their true perspective. For historical treatment of special points in American His- tory the reader is referred to the following works : — The Cyclopedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States. J. J. Lalor, Ed- itor. 3 vols. Chicago, 1881-84. Harper's Popular Cyclopaedia of United States History. B. J. Lossing. 2 vols. N. Y., 1881. History for Ready Reference. J. N. Larned. 5 vols. Springfield, 1894^95. The American Cyclopedia. G. Ripley and C. A. Dana, Editors. 16 vols. N. Y., 1873-76. The Encyclopcedia BrUannica. Ninth edition. 25 vols. London, 1876-1888. The American Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-1899. 40 vols. N. Y., 1862-1900. The Annual Register. London, 1758-1899. Especially valuable in this field is — Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. W. F. Poole and TOPICAL REFERENCES 425 W. I. Fletcher. Revised edition. 2 parts. Boston, 1893. Continuations in 3 yols. Boston, 1888-1897. Annual Literary Index, W. I. Fletcher and R. R. Bowker. N. Y., 1897-1900. COLLECTIONS OF SOURCES Certain general compilations of documents and other offi- cial and unofficial sources for American History are given below. Special compilations wUl be referred to later in connection with the special topical references. Old South Leaflets. Edwin D. Mead, Editor. 100 nos. Boston, 1883-1899. American History Leaflets. A. B. Hart and Edward Chan- ning. Editors. 30 nos. N. Y., 1892-99. Documents Illustrative of American History, 1606-1863. H. W. Preston. N. Y., 1886. Select Charters and other Documents, 1606-1775. W. Mao- donald. N. Y., 1899. Select Documents Illustrative of United States History, 1776- 1861. W. Macdonald. N. Y., 1898. American History told by Contemporaries, 1606-1783. A. B. Hart. 2 vols. N. Y., 1897-98. Principles and Acts of the Revolution. H. Niles. N. Y., 1876. The Birth of the Republic. D. R. Goodloe. N. Y., 1889. Documents of the Constitution of England and America. F. Bowen. Cambridge, 1854. American Archives, a Documentary History of the North American Colonies. P. Force, Compiler. Fourth and Fifth Series, 1774^1783. 9 vols. Wash., 1837-53. The Statesman's Manual. E. Williams. 4 vols. N. Y., 1847-^9. Messages and Papers of the Presidents. J. R. Richardson. 10 vols. Wash., 1896-99. American Politics (non-partisan). T. V. Cooper and H. T. Fenton. Phil., 1882. 426 BIBLIOGRAPHY PERSONAL EEMINISCENCE8 Beminiscences form another group of works to wbieli readers may be referred for information concerning men and events. Although not always reliable as sources for facts, they are often very useful to record the personal element in past politics. Works of this class, written by persons referred to in the Statesmen Series, have been given under the name of their authors in the Biographical division. Some of the other more important ones are noted below: — Washington in War Time. N. Brooks. N. Y., 1895. Six Months at the White House tvith Abraham Lincoln. F. B. Carpenter. N. Y., 1866. Personal Reminiscences, 1840-1890. L. E. Chittenden. N. Y., 1893. Recollections of Mississippi and the Mississippians. R. Davis. Boston, 1891. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Written by himself. Hartford, 1881. Anecdotes of Public Men. J. W. Forney. 2 vols. N. T., 1873-81. Great Senators of the United States. O. Dyer. N. Y., 1889. Recollections of a Lifetime. S.C.Goodrich. 2 vols. N. Y., 1856. Fifty Years' Observation of Men and Evetits, Civil and Military. E. D. Keyes. N. Y., 1885. Slavery, and Four Years of War. J. W. Keifer. 2 vols. N. Y., 1900. Men and Measures of Half a Century. H. McCuUoch. N. Y., 1888. Perley's Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis. B. P. Poore. 2 vols. Phil., 1886. Figures of the Past. J. Quinoy. Boston, 1883. Recollections of War Times. A. G. Riddle. N. Y., 1895. Random Recollections. H. B. Stanton. N. Y., 1886. Recollections of Sixteen Presidents. R. W. Thompson. Ind., 1894. TOPICAL REFERENCES 427 Autobiography, Reminiscences, and Liters, 1756-Z841- J. Trumbull. N. Y., 1841. SPECIAL BEFEBENCES The following list of special references is arranged to cor- respond with the topical index on pages 177-380 : — Abolitionists, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. I. Bos- ton, 1872. W. Goodell. Slavery and Anti-Slavery. N. Y., 1852. J. F. Clarke. Anti-Slavery Days. N. Y., 1884. S. J. May. Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict. Boston, 1869. P. PUlsbury. Acts of the Anti-Slavery Apostles. Boston, 1884. A. Willey. The Anti-Slavery Cause in State and Nation. Portland, 1886. T. R. R. Cobb. Historical Sketch of Slavery. PhD., 1858. A. T. Bledsoe. An Essay on Slavery and Liberty. Phil., 1856. Biographies and Works of W. L. Garrison, T. Parker, J. G. Birney, G. Smith, W. Phillips, S. P. Chase, J. Q. Adams. "The Liberator." W. L. Garrison, Editor. Boston, 1831- 1865. Also in "The Emancipator." J. Leavitt, H. B. Stanton, Editors. N. Y., 1836-42. Boston, 1842-49. Alabama (State), A. J. Pickett. History of Alabama. 2 vols. Charleston, 1851. W. Brewer. Alabama, her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men. Montgomery, 1872. Alabama (priTateer), see references under (^Captain Raphael) Semmes and Diplo- matic History. Alaska, H. H. Bancroft. Alaska, 17S0-1885. San Francisco, 1886. see Diplomatic History. 428 BIBLIOGRAPHY Albany Congress, 1764, Biographies and Works of Franklin. K. Frothingham. Rise of the Republic. Boston, 1872. Proceedings in E. D. O'Callaghan. The Documentary His- tory of the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany, 1849-51. Albany Begency, J. D. Hammond. History of Political Parties in the State of New York. 2 vols. Cooperstown, 1846. J. S. Jenkins. History of Political Parties in the State of New York. Auburn, 1846. Biographies of W. H. Sewaid, M. Van Buren, T. Weed, DeW. CUnton. AUen and Sedition Acts, Text of Acts in W. Macdonald, Select Documents. N. Y., 1898. Debates in Annals of Congress. 5th Congress, 2d sess., 1797-98; or Benton's Abridgment. Vol. II. N. Y., 1857. Discussions in — J. Story, Convmentaries on the Constitution. 4th edition. Boston, 1873. J. S. Landon. Constitutional History of the United States. Boston, 1899; and other works referred to under Ctm- stitution. see Biographies and Works of J. Adams, A. Hamilton, T. Jefferson, J. Madison, A. Gallatin. American Character, J. Bryce. The American CommonweaUh. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895. J. B. McMaster. History of the People of the United States. 5 vols. N. Y., 1883-99. J. F. Khodes. History of the United States from the Com- promise of 1850. Vol. I. N. Y., 1895. H. Adams. History of the United States. Vol. I. and Vol. IX. N. Y., 1889-91. A. De Tocqueville. Democracy in America. 2 vols. Cam- bridge, 1864. TOPICAL REFERENCES 429 M. Chevalier. Society, Manners and Politics in the United States. Boston, 1839. J. F. Cooper. Notions of the Americans. 2 vols. Phil., 1832. 0. Dickens. American Notes. 2 vols. London, 1842. H. Martinean. Society in London. 3 vols. London, 1837. Mrs. F. M. TroUope. Domestic Manners of the Americans. London, 1832. see especially the large periodical literature on this subject to be found through Poole's Index. Annapolis Convention, G. T. Curtis. History of the Constitution. Vol. I. N. Y., 1854. G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. Vol. I. N. T., 1882 — Vol. VI. of the last revision of History of United States. N. T., 1883-85. J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston, 1888. Biographies and Works of A. Hamilton, J. Madison. Proceeding's in — J.Elliot. Debates on the Adoption of the Federal Constitu- tion. Vol. I. Wash., 1827. Anti-Masons, R. McK. Ormsby. The Whig Party. Boston, 1859. J. D. Hammond. History of Political Parties in New York. 2 vols. Cooperstown, 1846. M. Van Buren. Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of Political Parties. N. Y., 1867. E. Stanwood. History of the Presidency. Boston, 1898. Biographies and Works of H. Clay, A. Jackson, W. H. Seward, T. Stevens, M. Van Buren, T. Weed, W. Wirt. " Niles' Register." Baltimore, 1826-33. Arkansas, see references under General Works on page 425. Austria, For diplomatic relations with, see — American State Papers. Foreign Relations. 1789-1828. 6 vols. Washington. 430 BIBLIOGRAPHY Executive Documents. House and Senate, 31st and 32d Congress. Biographies and Works of D. Webster, see Diplomatic History. Bank of TTnited States, A. S. Bolles. Financial History of the United States. 3 vols. N. T., 1879-86. W. G. Sumner. History of American Currency. N. T., 1874. R. Hildreth. Banks, Banking, and Paper Currencies. 3 pts. Boston, 1840. W. M. Gouge. Short History of Money and Banking. N. Y., 1835. W. L. Royall. Andrew Jackson and the Bank of the United States. N. Y., 1880. W. St. C. Clark and D. A. Hall. Legislative and Docu- mentary History of the Bank of the United States. Wash., 1832. Biographies and Works of A. Hamilton, T. Jefferson, J. Madison, A. Gallatin, A. Jackson, R. B. Taney, H. Clay, J. Tyler, T. H. Benton. Debates in Annals of Congress. 1st Congress, 3d sess., 1790- 91; 11th Congress, 3d sess., 1810-11; 13th Congress, 3d sess., 1814^15; 14th Congress, 1st sess., 1815-16. Congressional Debates. 21st Cong., 1829-31; 22d Cong., 1831-33. Congressional Globe. 27th Cong., 1st sess., 1841. Bankruptcy Iiaw, see Biographies of H. Clay, T. H. Benton. Congressional Globe. 27th Cong., 1841-43. Barbary States, for diplomatic relations with, see American State Papers. Foreign Relations. 6 vols. 1789-1828. J. F. Cooper. History of the Navy of the United States. N. Y., 1840. And other naval references under Military History. TOPICAL REFEKENCES 431 Bambumers, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. II. Boston, 1874. Biographies of H. Clay, L. Cass, M. Van Buren, S. Wright. "New York Tribune." H. Greeley, Editor. N. Y., 1846- 1849. "New York Evening Post." W. C. Bryant, Editor. 1846- 1848. O. C. Gardiner. The Great Issue. N. Y., 1848. Black Iiaws, W. Goodell. American Slave Code. N. Y., 1853. B. Hildreth. Despotism in America. Boston, 1840. T. E. R. Cobb. Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery. Phil., 1858. J. C. Hurd. The Law of Freedom and Bondage. 2 vols. N. Y., 1858-«2. Border States, see references under Lincoln, Abraham; histories of Vir- ginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri. Boston, J. Winsor, Editor. Memorial History of Boston. 4 vols. Boston, 1880-81. H.C.Lodge. Boston. N.Y., 1891. A. Gilman. The Story of Boston. N. Y., 1889. S. G. Drake. The History and Antiquities of Boston. Bos- ton, 18S6. Boston Massacre, F. Kidder. The History of the Boston Massacre. Albany, 1870. P. W. Chandler. American Criminal Trials. 2 vols. Bos- ton, 1841-44. Biographies of J. Warren, J. Adams, S. Adams, T. Hutchin- son. Cabinet, F. Snow. CaMnet Government in the United States. Phil., 1897. 432 BIBLIOGRAPHY California, H. H. Bancroft. History of California. 7 vols. Saa Francisco, 1884^1900. T. H. Hittell. History of California. 4 vols. San Fran- cisco, 1886-97. J. Royce. California. (American Commonwealth Series.) Boston, 1886. Canada, W. Kingsford. The History of Canada. 10 vols. London, 1887-98. Gr. Bryoe. Short History of the Canadian People, London, 1887. J. G. Bourinot. The Story of Canada. N. Y., 1896. G. Smith. Canada and the Canadian Question. N. Y., 1891. J. C. Dent. Canada since the Union of 1841. Toronto, 1881. J. M. McMuUen. The History of Canada. 2 vols. Brook- ville, 1892. C. G. D. Roberts. A History of Canada. Boston, 1897. China, for diplomatic relations with, see references under Diplo- matic History. Executive Documents, 28th Congress, 1843-45. Biographies of D. Webster, C. Gushing. S. W. Williams. The Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. London, 1849. Civil Service, B. A. Hinsdale. The American Government. 2d edition. Chicago, 1895. J. Fiske. Civil Government in the United States. Boston, 1892. J. M. Comstock. CioH Service in the United States. N. Y., 1885. L. M. Salmon. The Appointing Power of the President. N. Y., 1886. J. Bryce. American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895. D. B. Eaton. The Spoils System and CivU Service Reform. N. Y., 1881. TOPICAL REFERENCES 433 L. G. Tyler. Parties and Patronage in the United States. N. Y., 1891. Biogiaphies of A. Jackson, A. Kendall, M. Van Buren. Coinage, A. S. BoUes. Financial History of the United States. 3 vols. N. Y., 1879-86. W. G. Sumner. History of American Currency. N. Y., 1874. D. K. Watson. History of American Coinage. N. Y., 1899. J. L. Laughlin. History of Bimetallism in the United States. 4th ed. N. Y., 1897. G. L. Evans. Illustrated History of the United States Mint. Phil., 1890. Report of the Monetary Commission of the Indianapolis Con- vention of Boards of Trade, etc. Chicago, 1898. Colonization, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. I. Boston, 1872. American Colonization Society. Memorial of the Semi-Cen- tennial Anniversary of the Society. Washington, 1867. see Biographies of W. L. Garrison, H. Clay, A. Lincoln. Compromise of 1850, T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' View. N. Y., 1854r^6. Biographies of H. Clay, S. F. Chase, J. C. Calhoun, L. Cass, T. H. Benton, W. H. Seward, D. Webster. Congressional Globe. 31st Congress, 1st session, 1849-50. Confederation, Articles of, J. Story. Commentary on the Constitution. 4th edition. Boston, 1874. G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. Vol. L N. Y., 1%&2. — History of the United States. Vol. VL N. Y., 1883-85. J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston, 1888. J. B. McMaster. History of the People of the United States. Vol. L N. Y., 1883. Biographies of G. Washington, J. Madison, A. Hamilton, R. Morris. 434 BIBLIOGRAPHY Congress, in general see — J. Bryce. American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895. B. A. Hinsdale. American Government. Chicago, 1895. W. Wilson. Congressional Government. Boston, 1888. M. P. FoUett. The Speaker. N. Y., 1896. stamp Act CongreBB, 1766, H. NUes. Principles and Acts of the American Revolution. N. Y., 1876. Biographies of James Otis. Contiaental CongreBB, and Congress of tlie Confederation, 1774-1788, Journals of Congress, 1774-1788. 13 vols. N. Y., 1800-01. Secret Journals of the Acts and Proceedings of Congress. 4 vols. Boston, 1821. J. W. Moore. The American Congress. N. Y., 1895. Biographies and Works of J. Adams, S. Adams, J. Dick- inson, B. Franklin, K. H. Lee, A. Hamilton, P. Henry, T. Jefferson, J. Jay, G. Morris, J. Madison, G. Wash- ington. Congress of tlie United States, 1789-1874, Annals of Congress, 1789-1824. 42 vols. Wash., 1834r-56. Congressional Delates, 182B-1837. 29 vols. Wash., 1825- 1837. The Congressional Globe, 1833-1873. 108 vols. Wash., 1834-73. Congressional Record, 1873- . Wash., 1873- T. H. Benton. Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, 1789-1856. 16 vols. N. Y., 1857-60. J. W. Moore. The American Congress. N. Y., 1895. H. G. Wheeler. History of Congress. 2 vols. N. Y., 1848. A. W. Young. The American Statesman. N. Y., 1856. Journal of W. Maclay, 1789-91. E. S. Maolay, editor. N. Y., 1890. T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' View, 1820-1850. N. Y., 1854. J. Sherman. Recollections of Forty Years. N. Y., 1895. TOPICAL KEFERENCES 435 S. S. Cox. Three Decades of Federal Legislation, 1855- 1886. Providence, 1885. J. G. Blaine. Twenty Years of Congress, 1860-1880. 2 vols. Norwich, 1884-86. W. H. Barnes. History of the Thirty-Ninth Congress. Indianapolis, 1867. Annval Cyclopedia, 1861-74.. Biographies and Works of statesmen in the biographical division ; especially Memoir of J. Q. Adams. Connecticut, T. Dwight. The History of Connecticut. N. Y., 1841. G. H. Hollister. The History of Connecticut. 2 vols. Hartford, 1857. A. Johnston. Connecticut. (American Commonwealth Series.) Boston, 1887. E. B. Sanford. A History of Connecticut. Hartford, 1888. B. Trumbull. A Complete History of Connecticut. 2 vols. New Haven, 1818. Constitution, Histories, J. Elliot. Debates on the Adoption of the Federal Consti- tution. 5 vols. Wash., 1827-45. G. T. Curtis. H^tory of the United States Constitution. 2 vols. N.Y., 1864^6. G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. 2 vols. N. Y., 1S82. — History of the United States. Vol. VI. 1885. J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston, 1888. O. G. Libby. Geographical Distribution of the Vote of the Thirteen States. Madison, 1894. S. B. Harding. The Contest over the Ratification of the Federal Constitution in Massachusetts. N. Y., 1896. N. C. Towle. A History and Analysis of the Constitution. Boston, 1860. G. T. Curtis. Constitutional History of the United States. 2 vols. N. Y., 1889, 1896. 436 BIBLIOGRAPHY H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United States. 5 vols. Chicago, 1876-1892. J. S. Landon. Constitutional History of the United States. Boston, 1899. J. Davis. Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. 2 vols. N. Y., 1881. Commentaries, J. Story. Commentaries on the Constitution. 4th Edition, Boston, 1876; 5th Edition, Boston, 1891. J. C. Hurd. Theory of our National Existence. Boston, 1881. J. R. Tucker. The Constitution of the United States. 2 vols. Chicago, 1899. J. I. C. Hare. American Constitutional Law. 2 vols. Boston, 1889. T. M. Cooley. Constitutional Limitations. 6th Edition. Boston, 1892. E. Boutmy. Studies in Constitutional Law. A. V. Dicey, translator. London, 1891. C. G. Tiedeman. The UnvrriUen Constitution of the United States. N. Y., 1890. H. Gray, and J. Lowell. A Legal Review of the Case of Dred Scott. Boston, 1867. T. H. Benton. An Historical and Legal Examination of the Dred Scott Decision. N. Y., 1857. E. G. Scott. Reconstruction during the Civil War. Boston, 1895. A. H. Stephens. The War between the States. 2 vols. Phil., 1868-70. P. C. Centz [B. J. Sage]. The Republic of Republics. Boston, 1881. J. H. Thayer. Cases on Constitutional Law. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1894^95. see references under Judiciary. 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