CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY - FROM Cornell University Library PG 3452.06E5 1920 Satan's dial 3 1924 026 685 119 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924026685119 Satan's Diary ! ■ SATAN'S DIARY BY LEONID ANDREYEV Authorized Translation WITH A PREFACE BY HERMAN BERNSTEIN BdNI AND LIVERIGHT PUBLISHERS NEW YORK COPTBIGHT, 1920, BT BONI & LrVERIGHT, Inc. Printed in the United Stales of America u \ ^(! PREFACE SATAN'S DIAEY," Leonid Andreyev's last work, was completed by the great Russian a few days before be died in Finland, in Sep- tember, 1919. But a few years ago the most pop- ular and successful of Eussian writers, Andreyev died almost penniless, a sad, tragic figure, disil- lusioned, broken-hearted over the tragedy of Russia. A year ago Leonid Andreyev wrote me that he was eager to come to America, to study this coun- try and familiarize Americans with the fate of his unfortunate countrymen. I arranged for his visit to this country and informed him of this by cable. But on the very day I sent my cable the sad news came from Finland announcing that Leonid An- dreyev died of heart failure. In "Satan's Diary" Andreyev summed up his boundless disillusionment in an absorbing satire on human life. Fearlessly and mercilessly he hurled the falsehoods and hypocrisies into the face of life. He portrayed Satan coming to this earth to amuse himself and play. Having as- sumed the form of an American multi-millionaire, Satan set out on a tour through Europe in quest of amusement and adventure. Before him passed various forms of spurious virtues, hypocrisies, Frejaxx the ruthless cruelty of man and the often deceptive innocence of wcJman. Within a short time Satan finds himself outwitted, deceived, relieved of his millions, mocked, humiliated, beaten by man iu his own devilish devices. The story of Andreyev's beginning as a writer is best told in his autobiography which he gave me in 1908. "I was bom," he said, "in Oryol, in 1871, and studied there at the gymnasium. I studied poor- ly; while in the seventh class I was for a whole year known as the worst student, and my mark for conduct was never higher than 4, sometimes 3. The most pleasant time I spent at school, which I recall to this day with pleasure, was recess time between lessons, and also the rare occasions when I was sent out from the classroom. . . . The sun- beams, the free sunbeams, which penetrated some cleft and which played with the dust in the hall- way — all this was so mysterious, so interesting, so full of a peculiar, hidden meaning. "When I* studied at the gymnasium my father, an engineer, died. As a university student I was in dire need. During my first course in St. Peters- burg I even starved — not so much out of real ne- cessity as because of my youth, inexperience, and my inability to utilize the unnecessary parts of my costume. I am to this day ashamed to think that I went two days without food at a time when I had two or three pairs of trousers and two over- coats which I could have sold. vi Preface "It was then that I wrote my first story — about a starving student. I cried when I wrote it, and the editor, who returned my manuscript, laughed. That story of mine remained unpublished. . . . In 1894, in January, I made an unsuccessful at- tempt to kill myself by shooting. As a result of this unsuccessful attempt I was forced by the au- thorities into religious penitence, and I contracted heart trouble, though not of a serious nature, yet very annoying. During this time I made one or two unsuccessful attempts at writing; I devoted myself with greater pleasure and success to paint- ing, which I loved from childhood on. I made por- traits to order at 3 and 5 rubles a piece. ' ' In 1897 I received my diploma and became an assistant attorney, but I was at the very outset sidetracked. I was offered a position on The Courier, for which I was to report court proceed- ings. I did not succeed in getting any practice as a lawyer. I had only one case and lost it at every point. "In 1898 I wrote my first story — for the Easter number — and since that time I have devoted my- self exclusively to literature. Maxim Gorky helped me considerably in my literary work by his always practical advice and suggestions." Andreyev's first steps in literature, his first" short stories, attracted but little attention at the time of their appearance. It was only when Coun- tess Tolstoy, the wife of Leo Tolstoy, in a letter to the Novoye Vremya, came out in "defense of artistic purity and moral power in contemporary vii Preface literature," declaring that Eussian society, in- stead of buying, reading and making famous the works of the Andreyevs, should "rise against such filth with indignation," that almost every- body who knew how to read in Eussia turned to the little volume of the young writer. In her attack upon Andreyev, Countess Tolstoy said as follows: "The poor new writers, like Andreyev, suc- ceeded only in concentrating their attention on the filthy point of human degradation and uttered a cry to the undeveloped, half-intelligent, reading public, inviting them to see and to examine the decomposed corpse of human degradation and to close their eyes to God's wonderful, vast world, with the beauties of nature, with the majesty of art, with the lofty yearnings of the human soul, with the religious and moral struggles and the great ideals of goodness — even with the down- fall, misfortunes and weaknesses of such people as Dostoyevsky depicted. ... In describing all these every true artist should illumine clearly be- fore humanity not the side of filth and vice, but should struggle against them by illumining the highest ideals of good, truth, and the triumph over evil, weakness, and the vices of mankind. ... I should like to cry out loudly to the whole world in order to help those unfortunate people whose wings, given to each of them for high flights to- ward the understanding of the spiritual light, beauty, kindness, and God, are clipped by these Andreyevs." viii Pref(we TMs letter of Countess Tolstoy called forth a stoma of protest in tlie Eussian press, and, strange to say, the representatives of the fair sex were among the warmest defenders of the young au- thor. Answering the attack, many women, in their letters to the press, pointed out that the author of "Anna Karenina" had been abused in almost the same manner for his "Kreutzer Son- ata," and that Tolstoy himself had been accused of exerting just such an influence as the Countess attributed to Andreyev over the youth of Russia. Since the publication of Countess Tolstoy's con- demnation, Andreyev has produced a series of masterpieces, such as "The Life of Father Vas- sily," a powerful psychological study; "Eed Laughter," a war story, "written with the blood of Eussia"; "The Life of Man," a striking mo- rality presentation in five acts; "Anathema," his greatest drama, and "The Seven "Who Were Hanged," in which the horrors of Eussian life under the Tsar were delineated with such beau- tiful simplicity and power that Turgenev, or Tol- stoy himself, would have signed his name to this masterpiece. Thus the first accusations against Andreyev were disarmed by his artistic productions, per- meated with sincere, profound love for all that i^ pure in life. Dostoyevsky and Maupassant de- picted more subjects, such as that treated in ' ' The Abyss," than Andreyev. But with them these stories are lost in the great mass of their other works, while m Andreyev, who at that time had ix Pr^aee as yet produoed but a few short stories, works like "The Abyss" stood out in bold relief. I recall my first meeting with Leonid Andreyev in 1908, two weeks after my visit to Count Leo Tolstoy at Yasnaya Polyana. At that time he had already become the most popular Eussian writer, his popularity having overshadowed even that of Maxim Gorky. As I drove from Terioki to Andreyev's house, along the dust-covered road, the stem and taciturn little Finnish driver suddenly broke the silence by saying to me in broken Eussian : "Andreyev is a good writer. . . . Although he is a Eussian, he is a very good man. He is build- ing a beautiful house here in Finland, and he gives employment to many of our people." We were soon at the gate of Andreyev's beau- tiful villa — a fantastic structure, weird-looking, original in design, something like the conception of the architect in the "Life of Man." "My son is out rowing with his wife in the Gulf of Finland," Andreyev's mother told me. "They will be back in half an hour. " As I waited I watched the seething activity everywhere on Andreyev's estate. In Yasnaya Polyana, the home of Count Tolstoy, everything seemed long established, fixed, well-regulated, se- renely beautiful. Andreyev's estate was astir with vigorous life. Young, strong men were building the House of Man. More than thirty of them were working on the roof and in the yard, and a little distance away, in the meadows, young women and girls, bright-eyed and red faced, were Preface haying. Youth, strength, vigor everywhere, afid above all the ringing laughter of little children at play. I could see from the window the "Black Little Eiver," which sparkled in the sun hundreds of foet below. The constant noise of the work- men's axes and hammers was so loud that I did not notice when Leonid Andreyev entered the room where I was waiting for him. "Pardon my manner of dressing," he said, as we shook hands. "In the summer I lead a lazy life, and do not write a line. I am afraid I am forgetting even to sign my name." I had seen numerous photographs of Leonid 'Andreyev, but he did not look like any of them. Instead of a pale-faced, sickly-lookiag young man, there stood before me a strong, handsome, well- built man, with wonderful eyes. He wore a gray- ish blouse, black, wide pantaloons up to his knees, and no shoes or stockings. We soon spoke of Eussian literature at the time, particularly of the drama. "We have no real drama in Eussia," said An- dreyev. "Eussia has not yet produced anything that could justly be called a great drama. Per- haps 'The Storm,' by Ostrovsky, is the only Eus- sian play that may be classed as a drama. Tol- stoy's plays cannot be placed in this category. Of the later writers, Anton Chekhov came nearest to giving real dramas to Eussia, but, unfortu- nately, he was taken from us ia the prime of hia life." "What do you consider your own 'Life of Han' and 'To the Stars'?" I asked. xi Preface /' "They are not dramas; they are merely pre- [ sentations in so many acts," answered Andreyev, \ and, after some hesitation, added: "I have not written any dramas, hut it is possible that I will write one." At this point Andreyev's wife came in, dressed in a Eussian blouse. The conversa- tion turned to America, and to the treatment ac- corded to Maxim Gorky in New York. "When I was a child I loved America," re- marked Andreyev. "Perhaps Cooper and Mayne Eeid, my favorite authors in my childhood days, were responsible for this. I was always planning to run away to America. I am anxious even now to visit America, but I am afraid — I may get as bad a reception as my friend Gorky got." He laughed as he glanced at his wife. After a brief pause, he said : "The most remarkable thing about the Gorky incident is that while in his stories and articles about America Gorky wrote nothing but the very worst that could be said about that country he never told me anything but the very best about America. Some day he will probably describe his impressions of America as he related them to me." It was a very warm day. The sun was burning mercilessly in the large room. Mme. Andreyev suggested that it would be more pleasant to go down to a shady place near the Black Little River. On the way down the hill Andreyev inquired about Tolstoy's health and was eager to know his views on contemporary matters. xii Preface "If Tolstoy were young now he would have been with us," he said. We stepped into a boat, Mme. Andreyev took up the oars and began to row. We resumed our con- versation. "The decadent movement in Russian litera- ture," said Andreyev, "started to make itself felt about ten or fifteen years ago. At first it was looked upon as mere child's play, as a curiosity. Now it is regarded more seriously. Although I do not belong to that school, I do not consider it worthless. The fault with it is that it has but few talented people in its ranks, and these few direct the criticism of the decadent school. They are the writers and also the critics'. And they praise whatever they write. Of the younger men, Alexander Blok is perhaps the most gifted. But in Eussia our clothes change quickly nowadays, and it is hard to tell what the future will tell us — ^in our literature and our life. "How do I picture to myself this future?" con- tinued Andreyev, in answer to a question of mine. "I cannot know even the fate and future of my own child ; how can I foretell the future of such a great country as Russia? But I believe that the Russian people have a great future before them — in life and in literature — for they are a great people, rich in talents, kind and freedom-loving. Savage as yet, it is true, very ignorant, but on the whole they do not differ so much from other Euro- pean nations." Suddenly the author of "Red Laughter" looked upon me intently, and asked : "How is it that the xiii • Preface European and the American press has ceased to interest itself in our struggle for emancipation? Is it possible that the reaction in Russia appeals to them more than our people's yearnings for freedom, simply because the reaction happens to he stronger at the present time? In that event, they are probably sympathizing with the Shah of Persia ! Eussia to-day is a lunatic asylum. The people who are hanged are not the people who should be hanged. Everywhere else honest peo- ple are at large and only criminals are in prison. In Eussia the honest people are in prison and the criminals are at large. The Eussian Government is composed of a band of criminals, and Nicholas II is not the greatest of them. There are stiU greater ones. I do not hold that the Russian Gov- ernment alone is guilty of these horrors. The Eu- ropean nations and the Americans are just as much to blame, for they look on in silence while the most despicable crimes are committed. The murderer usually has at least courage, while he who looks on silently when murder is committed is a contemptible weakling. England and Prance, who have become so friendly to our Government, are surely watching with compassion the poor Shah, who hangs the constitutional leaders. Per- haps I do not know international law. Perhaps I am not speaking as a practical man. One na- tion must not interfere with the internal affairs of another nation. But why do they interfere with our movement for freedom? France helped the Russian Government in its war against the peo- ple by giving money to Russia, Germany also xiv Preface helped — ^seoretly. In well-regulated countries each individual must behave decently. When a man murders, robs, dishonors women he is thrown into prison. But when the Eussian Government is murdering helpless men and women and children the other Governments look on indifferently. And yet they speak of God. If this had happened in the Middle Ages a crusade would have been start- ed by civilized peoples who would have marched to Eussia to free the women and the children from the claws of the Government.''' Andreyev became silent. His wife kept rowing for some time slowly, without saying a word. We soon reached the shore and returned silently to the house. That was twelve years ago. I met him several times after that. The last time I visited him in Petrograd during the July riots in 191L A literary friend thus describes the funeral of Leonid Andreyev, which gives a picture of the tragedy of Eussia : "In the morning a decision had ]to be reached as to the day of the funeral. It was necessary to see to the purchase and the delivery of the coflBn from Viborg, and to undertake all those un- avoidable, hard duties which are so painful to the family. "It appeared that the Eussian exiles living in our village had no permits from the Finnish Gov- ernment to go to Viborg, nor the money for that expense. It further appeared that the family of Leonid Andreyev had left at their disposal only XV Preface one hundred marks (about 6 dollars), which the doctor who had come from the station after An- dreyev's death declined to take from the widow for his visit. "This was all the family possessed. _ It was necessary to charge a Russian exile living in a neighboring village, who had a pass for Viborg, with the sad commission of finding among some wealthy people in Viborg who had known Andre- yev the means required for the funeral. "On the following day mass was read. Floral tributes and wreaths from Viborg, with black in- scriptions made hastily in ink on white ribbons, began to arrive. They were all from private in- dividuals. The local refugees brought garlands of autumn foliage, bouquets of late flowers. Their children laid their carefully woven, simple and touching little childish wreaths at the foot of the coffin. Leonid Andreyev's widow did not wish to inter the body in foreign soil and it was de- cided, tempoifarily, until burial in native ground, to leave his body in the little mortuary in the park on the estate of a local woman landowner. "The day of the funeral was not widely known. The need for special permits to travel deprived many of the opportunity to attend. In this way it happened that only a very small group of peo- ple followed the body from the house to the mor- tuary. None of his close friends was there. They, like his brothers, sister, one of his sons, were in Eussia. Neighbors, refugees, acquaintances of the last two years with whom his exile had a